World War One was called "the war to end all wars." Obviously, it didn't, and nobody made the same mistake characterizing World War Two. We consider those wars American success stories, but what about the rest?
Recall that in between the two, we waged war on alcohol, dubbed Prohibition, which resulted in our total surrender.
And, lest we forget, we fought the Korean War that devolved into an uneasy truce, and then the Vietnam War, which failed at great cost.
Also in the sixties came the War on Poverty. We put up a good fight, but in the end poverty won. Especially among mothers and children and dark-skinned people.
Next came the War on Drugs. Illegal substances took that one in spades, and now the drugs are declaring victory as pot gets legalized and heroin makes a comeback. Millions of us are hooked on something we score from the street or the apothecary.
At various points along the way, quests to secure law and order—mostly in "urban neighborhoods"—was dubbed a War on Crime. But the hoods breed faster than we can build prisons, and organized crime simply moved downtown and onto the Internet.
More recently, the War on Illegal Immigration hasn't been going so well either, even as we incarcerate and deport them like crazy. It's because those foreigners don't fight fair. Why can't they play by the rules?
And so now we have the War on Terrorism. So who's winning that one? Makers of armaments and torturers, among other shady types. After 15 years, not the US. Not Europe. Certainly not our civil liberties. But maybe ISIS and even North Korea.
Two for ten: two wins, one draw, and seven defeats so far. Not a commendable record given all the costs and collateral damage incurred. We even get beat in minor skirmishes, such as the War on Christmas. Saint Nick seems to be doing pretty well in the face of godless liberals, even though Jesus surely wept.
But hold on, you say. Didn't we win the Cold War? Did not the Soviet Union capitulate in the face of our superior moral force? Well, after a massive arms race, various red scares, and any number of pre-emptive coups and proxy wars over 40 nerve-wracking years, we won one for the Gipper by threatening to destroy humankind to save it from communism, not unlike how we destroyed southeast Asian villages in order to save them.
On the home front, you have various undeclared wars—on the environment, on unions, on women, and on government itself—which are more like guerrilla campaigns and a bit more successful. By using stealth tactics, insurgents seem to be gaining ground against the establishments they seek to overthrow. Some say War on Obama is one of them, but I say that's just a high-profile clash in our country's longest undeclared campaign, the War on People of Color. And abroad, of course, our undeclared wars are legion, and it hardly matters whether Congress gets around to legitimizing any given whack-a-mole operation or not. In the end, they all fail to bring desired results. Maybe government really can't do anything right. Perhaps superPACs would have better luck overseeing our military adventures.
Given our track record, maybe we should stop shooting ourselves in the feet by declaring wars we are bound to lose, not to mention wasting countless lives and livelihoods. But if we can't stop spoiling for a fight and change our ways, how about we make war on kindness, on human brotherhood and sisterhood, or even on peace itself? If you won't join 'em, let 'em beat you.


Corner Nine Arts project has received a grant from Awards for All towards a soap cart project.
We will offer soap box-cart workshops at Corner 9 studio space for local parents, carers and their children, local youth groups and supplementary schools on Saturday afternoons starting in April 2017. We will also provide box-cart kits to 2 local schools as an after-school project. Corner Nine Arts Project will provide training to teachers/parents who want to lead a cart making workshop in their schools.
The project will culminate in a community event with an race, when different teams from different local schools and local groups will compete against each other.
For more information & to express interest , please contact us.
'We have been awarded funding from Affinity Sutton towards free community Folk singing & Art sessions.
Singing lowers stress levels: Making music in any form is relaxing.
Singing improves mental alertness: Improved blood circulation and an oxygenated blood stream allow more oxygen to reach the brain.
'We have been awarded funding from Big Lottery Fund and Westway Trust towards a year long free community sessions.Don't miss these sessions.
raised by HealthEquality through The Health Lottery'.
Thank you for that great opportunity.


text:
Home Airlines Tata Sons appoints SIA Veteran Campbell Wilson as CEO & MD of...
Tata Sons appoints SIA Veteran Campbell Wilson as CEO & MD of Air India
Tata Sons have announced the appointment of Campbell Wilson as CEO & MD of Air India. Wilson was until recently the CEO of Scoot, a low-cost subsidiary of Singapore Airlines. He has 26 years of aviation industry expertise across both full-service and low-cost airlines.
Commenting on the appointment, N Chandrasekaran, Chairman, Air India said, "I am delighted to welcome Campbell to Air India. He is an industry veteran having worked in key global markets cutting across multiple functions. Further, Air India would benefit from his added experience of having built an airline brand in Asia. I look forward to working with him in building a world-class airline."
50-year-old Wilson started as a Management Trainee with SIA in New Zealand in 1996. He then worked for SIA in Canada, Hong Kong and Japan before returning to Singapore in 2011 as the founding CEO of Scoot, which he led until 2016. Wilson then served as the Senior Vice President Sales & Marketing of SIA, where he oversaw Pricing, Distribution, eCommerce,
Merchandising, Brand & Marketing, Global Sales and the airline's overseas offices, before returning for a second stint as the CEO of Scoot in April 2020.
Wilson holds a Master of Commerce (1st Class Honours) in Business Administration from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.
Speaking on the occasion, Wilson said, "It is an honour to be selected to lead the iconic Air India and be a part of the highly respected Tata Group. Air India is at the cusp of an exciting journey to become one of the best airlines in the world, offering world-class products and services with a distinct customer experience that reflects Indian warmth and hospitality. I am excited to join Air India and Tata colleagues in the mission of realising that ambition."
Wilson's appointment comes months after former Turkish Airlines chairman Ilker Ayci declined Tata's offer to be the chief executive officer and managing director of Air India as "some sections of the Indian media" have attempted to "colour" his appointment in an undesirable manner.
The group took over Air India from the government on January 27.
After a competitive bidding process, the government had on October 8 last year sold Air India to Talace Private Limited, a subsidiary of the Tata Group's holding company, for Rs 18,000 crore.
Qatar Airways Cargo Introduces Additional Belly-hold Cargo Capacity and Freighters to...
Airlines May 11, 2020
Turkish Cargo builds up a global air bridge for special cargo...
Airlines September 21, 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Trying to keep true to my self-inflicted tradition of home-made Christmas Eve pajamas, I bought this folky Christmas fabric at JoAnn during one of their 50% off sales. The intention was to pull off two piece sets this year, but I made it about half way. My middle son, got a new pair of flannel pajamas for a dance recital so I gave myself a pass on that one, and by the time I got to the little one on Christmas Eve, I only had enough steam for the pants. But Monkey Pants turned out the privileged one once again.
My sewing studio is now Santa's workshop. Look, I'm even wearing a green sweater. Which is totally coincidental. I'm really not trying to look like an elf.
I was forced to put the door back on my sewing room, which I had previously taken out as it just got in the way, and so that I could keep a better eye on the kids. Unfortunately, it has no handle, so I've covered up the hole with a bag. I know. Really efficient. It's more stressful this way, every time I think the kids are coming and they might discover everything I'm making. If I had a knob with a lock, it would just be too easy.


AUDIO: Dr. Wood, What Are Common Symptom for Hashimoto's Disease?
Lawrence C. Wood, M.D., Author, Founder and Medical Director of the Thyroid Foundation of America, explains the common symptoms for Hashimoto's disease?
Click the play button to hear the audio.
Dr. Lawrence Wood recently retired from practice as an Associate Physician at Massachusetts General Hospital with Internal Medicine Associates. He is particularly interested in thyroid and related conditions and in 1985 he created the Thyroid Foundation of America, a non-profit organization that offers free thyroid education and support to patients and their families. His publications include articles on the natural history of autoimmune thyroid disease and the association between thyroid autoimmunity, dyslexia, and attention deficient disorders. He is committed to patient centered care of the highest quality and feels fortunate to be involved in the creation of the Ambulatory Practice of the Future.


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Home » Editorials » From the Daily: Fixing sex education
Posted inEditorials
From the Daily: Fixing sex education
by The Michigan Daily Staff September 29, 2015 December 8, 2021
Legislators have finally laid a foundation to fix the dire state of sex education in Michigan with a bill that would teach sexual consent — its definition and application — in classrooms across the state. Alarmingly, the term "consent" is nowhere to be found in sex education laws in Michigan, making the amendment, formally introduced by State Rep. Tom Cochran (D–Mason) and State Sen. Curtis Hertel, Jr. (D–Meridian Twp.) last Tuesday, all the more necessary.
Sex education in Michigan, beyond meeting basic guidelines set forth by the federal and state governments, is largely decided by individual school districts and the advisory boards appointed by the district. These guidelines include teaching important issues regarding sexual contact, such as how to reduce risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections or unplanned pregnancy, and details of legal codes surrounding sexual relations. However, only requiring these base standards gives districts and teachers the opportunity to instill various biases toward the subject material, be it for religious or political reasons, leading education to differ from district to district.
Further, by only explaining the ramifications of unprotected sex and continuing to emphasize abstinence-only or abstinence-based relationships, sex education in Michigan continues to perpetuate the status quo of either unrealistic or unsafe sexual relationships. Without a definition of consent written in the guidelines and a discussion about why consent is important, sex education in Michigan fails to foster behaviors that prevent dangerous sexual situations. This means students are left with a haphazard education about cultivating safe and fulfilling sexual relationships. Given that limited understanding, among other reasons, the prevalence of sexual assault on college campuses is no surprise.
H.B. 4903, commonly called the "Yes Means Yes" bill, sets forth a definition of sexual consent as an agreement that is affirmative, conscious, voluntary and made by both parties. Lack of any of these parts renders an act non-consensual — silence, lack of resistance or a prior history of sexual relations do not fulfill this agreement.
With 22.5 percent of female undergraduates at the University reported to have experienced "some form of nonconsensual touching and kissing or oral, vaginal or anal penetration," it's clear a culture change is sorely needed. Though a "yes means yes" definition of consent may be considered extreme or unrealistic by some, removing ambiguities in sexual encounters is absolutely essential if sex culture in this country is to change.
That said, the wording of the bill lacks precision in how consent is taught by stipulating that the agreement is true only if it is made by "conscious" individuals. The bill needs to specify that consciousness is not black or white, and acknowledge that there is a grey area where an individual is conscious but impaired due to alcohol or drug use and therefore unable to make safe decisions.
While the bill only covers the way consent is taught in Michigan's classrooms, the new-and-improved definition must soon appear in Michigan's penal code. In the meantime, it is critical that this bill passes, and that legislators don't allow religion, politics or potential awkwardness get in the way of ensuring a safer future for all.
The Statement 2022 Sex Survey
SAPAC invites HEART to encourage sexual health conversations in the Muslim community
Let's talk date parties, pseudo-consent and transactional sex


text:
//
//  AFHTTPSessionManager+DDModel.h
//  DDModel
//
//  Created by DeJohn Dong on 15/9/8.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 DDKit. All rights reserved.
//

#import "AFHTTPSessionManager.h"

@interface AFHTTPSessionManager (DDModel)

/**
 *  Dynomic replace the url
 *
 *  @param url target url
 */
- (void)dd_exchangeURL:(NSString *)url;

/**
 *  Add a new url into http client
 *
 *  @param url target url
 */
- (void)dd_addURL:(NSString *)url;

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
require_relative 'helper'

describe Recaptcha::Configuration do
  describe "#api_server_url" do
    it "serves the default" do
      Recaptcha.configuration.api_server_url.must_equal "https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js"
    end

    describe "when api_server_url is overwritten" do
      it "serves the overwritten url" do
        proxied_api_server_url = 'https://127.0.0.1:8080/recaptcha/api.js'
        Recaptcha.with_configuration(api_server_url: proxied_api_server_url) do
          Recaptcha.configuration.api_server_url.must_equal proxied_api_server_url
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#verify_url" do
    it "serves the default" do
      Recaptcha.configuration.verify_url.must_equal "https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api/siteverify"
    end

    describe "when api_server_url is overwritten" do
      it "serves the overwritten url" do
        proxied_verify_url = 'https://127.0.0.1:8080/recaptcha/api/siteverify'
        Recaptcha.with_configuration(verify_url: proxied_verify_url) do
          Recaptcha.configuration.verify_url.must_equal proxied_verify_url
        end
      end
    end
  end

  it "can overwrite configuration in a block" do
    outside = '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
    Recaptcha.configuration.site_key.must_equal outside

    Recaptcha.with_configuration(site_key: '12345') do
      Recaptcha.configuration.site_key.must_equal '12345'
    end

    Recaptcha.configuration.site_key.must_equal outside
  end

  it "cleans up block configuration after block raises an exception" do
    before = Recaptcha.configuration.site_key.dup

    assert_raises NoMemoryError do
      Recaptcha.with_configuration(site_key: '12345') do
        Recaptcha.configuration.site_key.must_equal '12345'
        raise NoMemoryError, "an exception"
      end
    end

    Recaptcha.configuration.site_key.must_equal before
  end
end


text:
Intel Promising a Fix For the 320-Series SSD Issue
Written on August 16, 2011 by Lulu
Intel has promised a fix regarding to their 320-series SSD issues within two weeks.
Intel promised a fix for their 320-series SSD drives within two weeks via firmware update. MacWorld reported that the chipmaker has isolated the issue which saw a number of 320-series solid state drives fail after a power outage, resulting in a Bad Context 13x error. The firmware fix promises to avoid future problems that may occur. However, it will not recover the lost data for owners who are currently suffering from the said issue.
Reported a month ago, Intel was put in boiling water because of their slow response to the said problem. The chip maker acknowledged the issue in late July, and advised the current owners of such SSD drives to carefully shut down their computers. They also recommended frequent backups.
Apparently, the primary fix has fully wiped the SSD with a secure erase, destroying any data on the drive. Intel also replaced disks for a number of customers. As all the solutions involve losing every data on the disk, back-up becomes even more necessary nowadays. The firmware is currently in final validation testing based on a report from Intel. However, they did not announced a specific date for the release.
Font Glitches, Present on Mac OS X Lion's Safari
Written on August 08, 2011 by Adam Eve
Owners of Mac OS X Lion devices reported that the Safari web browser shows font glitches on some websites.
Following Apple's release of Mac OS X Lion, a report emerged that fonts on websites browsed on Safari were shown incorrectly. A couple of letter appear as square blocks with letter 'A' inside. While this glitches might be limited to a number of websites, observers pointed out that there may be a problem with the rendering of a specific styling code using the Mac OS X Lion.
The observers also added that there is a possible clash between the system fonts in the said OS. That said, users are advised to clear up their system cache or validate their fonts with the Font Book app. To check if their general maintenance procedure worked, users must restart their system and revisit the website they're having font glitches with.
Apple's Font Book app can be utilized to manage Mac OS X Lion's system fonts for any possible conflicts. Once the app is launched and the fonts were validated, users will see any problems that is present in relation with the fonts.


The purpose of this project is to resurface nearly 6 miles of State Road (S.R.) 200 (Southwest College Road) from west of County Road 484 to east of Southwest 60th Avenue. Improvements also include adding a bike lane, adding a left turn lane on eastbound S.R. 200 to northbound Southwest 60th Avenue, and updating curb, gutter, signage, signalization and various pedestrian features to comply with the current Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards.
Access to businesses and residences will be maintained by the contractor during work activities. Work will require nighttime lane closures between 8 p.m. and 7 a.m. Periodic, continuous sidewalk closures may also occur. Some daytime work may also occur. Drivers can expect uneven lanes during construction as the contractor places layers of new asphalt.
Electronic message boards and other signage will be posted to provide advance lane closure notice to drivers, and to direct traffic around work. The Florida Highway Patrol will also assist with traffic during signal work at intersections. Temporary structures and signs will also be in place to safely direct pedestrians and bicyclists around work. Please pay attention and use caution when traveling through a construction zone.


text:
The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed on Tuesday that Sunday's ice avalanche in the Italian Alps resulted in the death of two Czech citizens.
The two individuals were touring the mountain region together, the Czech News Agency reports.
Rescue teams in the Italian Alps said Tuesday they found eight survivors who had been missing since a glacial avalanche killed at least seven people on Sunday.
The avalanche happened on the Marmolada ridge, the highest peak in the Dolomites, standing more than 3,300 meters.
"When we arrived, we saw a disaster. We realized the dimensions of this enormous avalanche," said Stefano Coter, head of the local alpine rescue team and one of the first people to reach the scene.
"We found injured people in need of help and other people who were dead," he added.
Nicola Casagli, a geologist and avalanche expert at Florence University, told CBS News that the effects of a glacial avalanche were more devastating than a snow avalanche.
"These types of events, which are ice and debris avalanches, are impulsive, rapid, unpredictable phenomena, reaching very high speeds and involving large masses," he said. "And there is no chance of getting to safety or perceiving the problem in advance, because by the time you perceive it, you've already been hit."
Officials have been using drones, helicopters and cellphone signals to locate more victims.
Authorities say five people were still unaccounted for as of Tuesday morning local time.
The immediate area remains closed to tourists through the duration of the rescue and recovery operation.
Much of Italy has been baking in an early-summer heatwave and scientists said climate change was making previously stable glaciers more unpredictable.
Share via: Ivana Trump, Donald Trump's first wife and the mother of three of his children, has died…


What is Cordelia Van Alen's Angel name?
Cordelia Van Alen is the Angel of Song.
What are the known past lives of Cordelia Van Alen?
Answer to today's Blue Bloods Trivia is… Angel of Song!
Blue Bloods True of False!
Answer to today's Unscramble: LAWRENCE AND CORDELIA!
Answer to today's Guess the Quote: Cordelia to Schuyler, Blue Bloods, pg. 293!


text:
Home » Judicial candidates lose elections
Judicial candidates lose elections
Michael W. Hoskins
KEYWORDS Judicial elections / Lake County / Allen County / Northern Indiana / Indiana Trial Courts / Courts / neglect
Candidate facing charges from JQC loses election
Judicial candidate put back on ballot
Lake Circuit candidate can stay on ballot for now
Two judicial candidates who'd faced Indiana Election Commission challenges earlier this year about their names even appearing on the ballot made it to the general election, but ended up losing the races and not getting to the bench in Lake and Allen counties.
In Allen County, incumbent Superior Judge Kenneth Scheibenberger lost the election for the seat he's held for 19 years. He was defeated by attorney Wendy Davis. Opponents had tried to get the judge removed from the ballot in September on the grounds that he'd previously been disciplined by the Indiana Supreme Court, but the Indiana Election Commission refused to remove him based on language of state statute – finding that it only applied to attorney judicial prospects, not incumbent judges.
Meanwhile in Lake County, Highland attorney William I. Fine lost his bid for the Circuit bench to succeed retiring Judge Lorenzo Arredondo. The Republican candidate lost to Democratic challenger George C. Paras, who had been the only person on the ballot following the primary election in May. No Republicans ran in the primary and Paras was the sole name on the ballot until the county's Republican Party chair appointed Fine as the candidate. But a Lake County town official challenged that appointment, saying the chair should have held a caucus and chosen someone that way party rules dictate.
The state election commission split on whether that was permissible, and as a result Fine was removed from the ballot. But Marion Superior Judge Michael Keele overturned that commission decision and put him back on the ballot in September. The Indiana Supreme Court refused to take the case before the Court of Appeals had a chance to rule on it, and the lower appellate court declined to speed up its review of the case before the election.
Though the election is now over and Fine's candidacy is effectively moot, Crown Point attorney Michael Back who represents the challenger Michael Lambert said it may continue because the issue is broader than Fine's election loss and goes to whether the party chair is allowed to appoint a judicial candidate rather than holding a caucus.
Rehearing "Candidacy issues in Allen, Lake counties" IL Sept. 15-28, 2010
Michael Hoskins joined Indiana Lawyer in May 2006 and mostly covers the state and federal court systems. He's received awards from the Indiana Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists for his work covering the state's juvenile justice system, the federal immigration court system, wrongful conviction issues, and long-running lawsuits regarding prison conditions.
He came from the Daily Journal in Johnson County, where he was a general assignment reporter covering courts and legal issues. Before moving to Indiana in 2004 from southeast Michigan, Hoskins freelanced for the Detroit Free Press and worked for the Spinal Column Newsweekly after graduating with a bachelor's degree in journalism from Oakland University in 2001. He currently lives in Greenwood with his wife, Susanne, and volunteers with the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.
Recent Articles by Michael Hoskins
Federal courthouse on list for closure consideration
Justice Frank Sullivan leaving bench to teach
Indiana's newest jurist


text:
January 30 @ 8:00 am - 5:00 pm PST
Spirit Bears Guide to Reconciliation: Utilizing Jordan's Principle and the Spirit Bear Plan to achieve culturally based equity for First Nations Children
Podcast with Dr. Cindy Blackstock Launches January 30 January's SPARK: Conversations monthly podcast is on Indigenous child health with our podcast host, Dr. Katharine Smart in conversation with special guest, Dr. Cindy Blackstock. As an internationally recognized First Nations scholar and child welfare expert, Cindy has been the driving force behind promoting reconciliation to ensure culturally based equity for First Nations children and families. Cindy is the Executive Director and co-founder of the First Nations Child & Family Caring Society of Canada, Associate Professor & Director of First Nations Children's Action Research and Education Service at University of Alberta and Professor in McGill's School of Social Work. In this podcast, Cindy will be exploring the utilization of Jordan's principle and the Spirt Bear Plan to achieve culturally based equity for First Nations Children. She will be providing guidance to non-Indigenous system leaders and health care professionals working in pediatrics to support them in promoting reconciliation within their practice to better serve Indigenous children, youth, and their families Subscribe to our series on all major podcast platforms! Apple Podcasts - Spotify - Google Podcasts
February 15 @ 8:00 am - 9:00 am PST
Delivering High-Quality Care in Pediatric Research through Patient and Family Engagement
A WEBINAR Partnering with patients and families in decision-making for care, research, and education is a key component of delivering high quality care. To ensure high quality care is delivered, it is essential that these decisions are informed by high quality and relevant evidence. When it comes to children cared for on general paediatric wards in Canada, who represent one-quarter of all hospitalized children, there are key evidence gaps to inform high quality care. The Canadian Paediatric Inpatient Research Network (PIRN) was launched to improve care and outcomes for hospitalized children by collaborating with patients and families to identify the most important priorities to conduct research on for children in hospital. In this webinar, Dr. Gill and Dr. Buchanan will describe how they created partnerships with patients, families, and clinicians from across Canada to identify a Top 10 list of priorities and describe the key values and benefits of family engagement in research, and how this input identified key areas to improve care. They will share patient engagement resources to help others collaborate and partner with patients and families and provide a road map for regional health authorities, children's tertiary/quaternary and rehabilitation hospitals, and community hospitals to enable local improvements […]
June 2 @ 8:30 am - June 3 @ 5:00 pm PDT
Paediatric Update Symposium 2023
The Paediatric Update Symposium is returning this year as an in person conference. There will also be the opportunity for virtual attendance. The conference will be held in Vancouver. The venue is yet to be determined. This is a great opportunity to meet with colleagues from around the province and learn about the most up to date best practices. this year's conference will feature: ● Harley Eagle – Cultural Safety ● Dr. Sally Lindsay – Gender Sensitive Care ● CanChild's Rachel Teplicky – F-Words and Implementation Science ● BC Practice Profiles, Breakout Sessions, and Panel Presentations ● Network with your BC colleagues! Check out the call for proposals! Deadline for proposals is February 10th, 2023. Successful proposals notified by March 17th, 2023 Registration Opening in February 2023 For more information contact: Jason@bcacdi.org


text:
EU to respond to any US auto tariff move: report
EU to respond to any US auto tariff move: report /node/1326816/business-economy
Cars sit in a traffic jam along the Embankment during the morning rush hour in central London, Britain, August 29, 2017. (Reuters)
Trump threatened to impose 20 percent tariff
Shares in carmakers slip on trade war fears
PARIS: The European Union will respond to any US move to raise tariffs on cars made in the bloc, a senior European Commission official said, the latest comments in an escalating trade row.
US President Donald Trump on Friday threatened to impose a 20 percent tariff on all imports of EU-assembled cars, a month after his administration launched an investigation into whether auto imports posed a national security threat.
"If they decide to raise their import tariffs, we'll have no choice, again, but to react," EU Commission Vice President Jyrki Katainen told French newspaper Le Monde.
"We don't want to fight (over trade) in public via Twitter. We should end the escalation," he said in the comments published on Saturday.
The European Autos Stocks Index fell on Friday after Trump's tariff threat. Shares US carmakers Ford Motor Co. and General Motors Co. also dropped.
"If these Tariffs and Barriers are not soon broken down and removed, we will be placing a 20% Tariff on all of their cars coming into the US Build them here!" Trump tweeted.
The US Commerce Department has a deadline of February 2019 to investigate whether imports of automobiles and auto parts pose a risk to US national security.
US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said on Thursday the department aimed to wrap up the probe by late July or August. The Commerce Department plans to hold two days of public comments in July on its investigation of auto imports.
Trump has repeatedly singled out German auto imports to the United States for criticism.
Trump told carmakers at a meeting in the White House on May 11 that he was planning to impose tariffs of 20 or 25 percent on some imported vehicles and sharply criticized Germany's automotive trade surplus with the United States.
The United States currently imposes a 2.5 percent tariff on imported passenger cars from the EU and a 25 percent tariff on imported pickup trucks. The EU imposes a 10 percent tariff on imported US cars.
The tariff proposal has drawn sharp condemnation from Republican lawmakers and business groups. A group representing major US and foreign automakers has said it is "confident that vehicle imports do not pose a national security risk."
The US Chamber of Commerce said US auto production had doubled over the past decade, and said tariffs "would deal a staggering blow to the very industry it purports to protect and would threaten to ignite a global trade war."
German automakers Volkswagen AG, Daimler AG and BMW AG build vehicles at plants in the United States. BMW is one of South Carolina's largest employers, with more than 9,000 workers in the state.
The United States in 2017 accounted for about 15 percent of worldwide Mercedes-Benz and BMW brand sales. It accounts for 5 percent of Volkswagen's VW brand sales and 12 percent of its Audi brand sales.
Topics: cars United States EU trade Donald Trump
EU says business hit by Trump tariff uncertainty
EU to hit US imports from Friday in response to Trump tariffs
Getting more women into leadership positions top priority: CEO /node/1614781/business-economy
Getting more women into leadership positions top priority: CEO
This June 23, 2018 photo, shows a general view of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (AP)
Lojien Ben Gassem
Saudi Arabia is focusing on the Business 20 (B20), making this one of the key engagement groups. Women in Business will be Saudi Arabia's signature topic
RIYADH: The boss of one of Saudi Arabia's biggest banks says that getting more women into leadership positions is a top priority.
Samba CEO Rania Nashar chairs the action council for Women in Business created by the Business Twenty (B20), which is the official G20 dialogue with the business community. It represents the global business community across all G20 member states and all economic sectors.
She said the council was set up to boost women's particpation not only in business but also in global leadership positions.
During the launch of the B20 in Saudi Arabia this week, Nashar highlighted the under-representation of women in the economy.
"There is a gap of 27 percent between male and female workers; 75 percent of males are part of the labor force while only 48 percent of females are working," she said.
She said it was important not to just talk about women as workers but as business owners.
Saudi Arabia will host the 15th G20 Summit in Riyadh on Nov. 21-22, 2020.
"That's why entrepreneurship is very fundamental to our task force," she said. "The majority of the finance development programs have incentives for giving loans to females; however, despite the fact that many large borrowers are females, the amount of loans granted to them is far below what is granted to males," she added.
Nashar said that two-thirds of female business founders feel that they were not taken seriously by investors when they pitch for investments. They also feel that they are treated differently from their male counterparts.
Saudi Arabia will host the 15th G20 Summit in Riyadh on Nov. 21-22, 2020. The Kingdom is focusing on the Business 20 (B20), making this one of the key engagement groups. Women in Business will be Saudi Arabia's signature topic.
Topics: G20 Riyadh women empowerment Saudi women empowerment
Saudi G20 sherpa briefs UN on Riyadh summit
Women to represent 33% of G20 participants in Riyadh


text:
To main > List > Bornholm > The Bornholm region
The Bornholm region
Theme: Block tectonism
Locality: The Bornholm region.
GS - 9-1.
NGI - 183-197.
Bornholm and surrounding marine areas.
Central Baltic Sea.
System ED50 Zone 32,
x=865731, y=6141799.
Island with its marine surroundings.
Block tectonism.
Block faulting in the Tornquist Zone that separates the East European Platform (craton) from the NW European Craton. The Bornholm Block and the surrounding fault block mosaic are situated in the overlap zone between Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone to the southeast and the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone to the northwest.
The island of Bornholm is a composite fault block, the Bornholm Block. The bedrock on the island is composed of Precambrian crystalline basement outcropping to the north; and a complex mosaic of fault blocks outlined by Lower Palaeozoic platform sediments to the south, while Mesozoic sediments are mainly encountered to the west. The overall dip of the Palaeozoic platform deposits is to the southeast, whereas the Mesozoic strata predominantly dip towards southwest. The "Palaeozoic" fault blocks are bounded by WNW-ESE and NNW-SSE trending faults. The bounding faults of the "Mesozoic" blocks follow the same trends in part, but the fault orientations have a wider scatter and an additional NW-SE trending segment. On southern Bornholm the Mesozoic is separated from Palaeozoic fault blocks by an angular unconformity. Together the divergent dip directions, the different fault orientations encountered in the "Palaeozoic" and the "Mesozoic" fault blocks, and the discordant Mesozoic/Palaeozoic relationship suggest that faulting of the Bornholm area took place in different tectonic regimes; early faulting during the Late Palaeozoic and renewed faulting during the Mesozoic. The Late Palaeozoic faulting presumably took place in the Late Carboniferous - Early Permian period when widespread faulting and associated volcanic activity in the Variscan foreland took place. In the Fennoscandian Border Zone (see below), episodes of extension and volcanic activity are expressed by the swarm of intruded basic dykes.
The Bornholm Block is an integral part of a larger scale horst and graben zone, and it is surrounded by the Christians� Block to the north, the R�nne Graben to west. To the South it is flanked by the Arnager Block, the Riseb�k Graben, and the Darlowo Block. The fault zone with horsts and grabens vanishes to the southeast, while it extends to the northwest across Sk�ne (Scania) in Sweden as part of the Fennoscandian Border Zone.
On a regional scale Bornholm and the Fennoscandian Border Zone are included in the Tornquist Zone. The NW-SE trending Tornquist Zone is a deep-seated fault zone that separates the East European Craton (composed of the Baltic Shield and the East European Platform) to the northeast from the NW-European Craton to the southwest. The Tornquist Zone is divided into the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone to the southeast and the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone the northwest. The Fennoscandian Border Zone outlines the southeast segment of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. The Bornholm Block is situated in the centre of the Tornquist Zone in the overlap area between its southeastern and northwestern segments. The dominant NW-SE trend of the Tornquist Zone is broken in the overlap zone by the N-S trending R�nne Graben, which connects the two primary segments.
In Late Cretaceous time the entire Tornquist Zone underwent structural inversion followed by erosion during the Cainozoic.
Structural Geology.
Main tectonic phases occurred during the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic.
In the Bornholm area, the structural inversion of the R�nne Graben, associated with fault block tectonics, displays some of the most complete inversion sections known in marine reflection seismic profiles. In contrast to the remaining Tornquist Zone, the Cenozoic erosion in the southern R�nne Graben is limited.
The Tornquist Zone is a unique and prominent crustal scale, intra-continental NW-SE trending tectonic lineament that separates the East European Craton / Baltic Shield from the NW-European craton. The fault zone is c. 2.000 km long and extends from Skagerrak in the eastern North Sea Basin to the northwest to the Black Sea in the southeast. The central horst - graben system in the Bornholm area, and the continuation across Scania (Sweden) into Kattegat to the northwest, outline a c. 220 km long zone of horst blocks. The fault zone is easily accessible, and a comparable tectonic landscape is not known from other parts of Europe.
In Denmark: None
Outside Denmark: Horst blocks in Scania.
Up to c. 147 metres above sea-level and the surrounding landscape.
Bornholm region proper is c. 2000 km2.
Documentation of the stratigraphic record of the Danish subsurface. Many plutonic and sedimentologic specialities. And as for the National Geological locality no. 194 (L�s�) and GeoSite no. 8-1 (Western Bornholm).
Interests of the rural society.
Erlstr�m, M., Thomas, S.A., Deeks, N. & Sivhed, U. 1997: Structure and tectonic evolution of the Tornquist Zone and adjacent sedimentary basins in Scania and the southern Baltic Sea area. Tectonophysics, 271, 191-215.
EUGENO-S Working Group 1987: Crustal structure and tectonic evolution of the transition between the Baltic Shield and the North German Caledonides (the EUGENO-S Project). Tectonophysics, 150, 253-348.
Graversen, O. 2004a: Upper Triassic-Lower Cretaceous seismic sequence stratigraphy and basin tectonics at Bornholm, Denmark, Tornquist Zone, NW Europe. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21, 579-612.
Graversen, O. 2004b: Upper Triassic-Cretaceous stratigraphy and structural inversion offshore SW Bornholm, Tornquist Zone, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 51, 111-136.
Gravesen, P., Rolle, F., & Surlyk, F. 1982: Lithostratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the Triassic, Jurassic and lower Cretaceous of Bornholm, Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark, Series B, 7, 51 pp.
Gry, H. 1969: Megaspores from the Jurassic of the island of Bornholm, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 19, 69-89.
Hamann, N.E. 1987: Bornholm, geological map of Mesozoic formations. National Forest and Nature Agency, Marine Raw Material Survey, Denmark, 1 map.
Jensen, J.B. 1988: Bornholm sydvest - en detailunders�gelse. Havbundsunders�gelser, geologi, Skov- og Naturstyrelsen, 51 pp.
Jensen, J.B., & Hamann, N.E. 1989: Geological mapping of Mesozoic deposits along th eastern margin of the R�nne Graben, offshore Bornholm, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 37, 237-260.
Kramarska, R., Krzywiec, P. & Dadlez, R. 1999: Geological map of the Baltic Sea bottom 1:500.000. Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Gdansk-Warszawa.
Liboriussen, J., Ashton, P. & Thygesen, T., 1987: The tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian Border Zone in Denmark. Tectonophysics, 137, 21-29.
Michelsen, O., Nielsen, L.H., Johannessen, P.N., Andsbjerg, J. & Surlyk, F. 2003: Jurassic lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic development onshore and offshore Denmark. In: Surlyk, F. & Ineson, J.R. (eds): The Jurassic of Denmark and Greenland. Geology of Denmark Survey Bulletin, 1, 147-216.
Norling, E., & Bergstr�m, J. 1987: Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Scania, southern Sweden. Tectonophysics, 137, 7-19.
Petersen, H.I., Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A. & Nytoft, H.P. 1996: Depositional environment and burial history of a Lower Cretaceous carbonaceous claystone, Bornholm, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 43, 133-142.
Petersen, H.I., Nielsen, L.H., Bidstrup, T. & Thomsen, E. 2003: Burial depth and post-Early Cretaceous uplift of Lower-Middle Jurasic strata in the Fennoscandian Border Zone based on organic maturity. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 1, 611-630.
Thomas, S.A. & Deeks, N.R. 1994: Seismic evidence for inversion tectonics in the strike-slip regime of the Tornquist zone, Southern Blatic Sea. Zeitschrift f�r Geoogische Wissenschaften, 22, 33-45.
Vejb�k, O.V. 1985: Seismic stratigraphy and tectonics of sedimentary basins around Bornholm southern Baltic. Geological Survey of Denmark, Series A, 8, 30 pp.
Vejb�k, O.V. 1997: Dybe strukturer i danske sediment�re bassiner. Geologisk Tidsskrift, h�fte 4, 1-31.
Vejb�k, O.V. & Andersen, C., 2002: Post mid-Cretaceous inversion tectonics in the Danish Central Graben - regionally synchronous tectonic events? Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 49, 129-144.
Vejb�k, O.V. & Britze, P. (eds) 1994: Top pre-Zechstein (twoway traveltime and depth), Geological map of Denmark 1:750000. Geological Survey of Denmark, Map Series, 45, 9 pp.
Vejb�k, O.V., Stouge, S., & Poulsen, K.D. 1994: Palaeozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution and hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Bornholm area. Geological Survey of Denmark, Series A, 34, 23 pp.
Ziegler, P.A. 1990: Geological atlas of Western and Central Europe (2nd ed.): Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V.: Geological Society of London. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 239 pp., 56 encl.
Geological Museum Copenhagen, The Nature Center of Bornholm, The Museum of Bornholm in R�nne.
Photo: Air photo of Hammer Knuden.
Maps and X-sections to be included below
Dansk Geologisk Forening & Det Kongelige Danske Geografiske Selskab/S.A. Schack Pedersen & P.E. Nielsen.
O. Graversen.
The Bornholm region is a GeoSite.
The Mesozoic of Western Bornholm (GS - 8-1) is suggested as a GeoSite as well.
List of localities
Tectonically controled Mesozoic coast


Readers should be on the look out for the 2001 The Dead Arm Shiraz, one of the greatest examples of this cuvee. Its dense black/purple color is accompanied by celestial aromas of melted licorice, graphite, blackberries, cassis, incense, anise, and toasty oak. Fabulously concentrated, with great purity, an unctuous, viscous texture, and an amazingly long, 60-second plus finish, this fabulous baby will need 5-6 years of cellaring, and should drink well over the following 20-25 years.
Complex, rich licorice and blackberry aromas; palate crammed with opulent, ripe fruit flavour. Drink to 2016.


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Uses of FieldTypeInfo in org.apache.hadoop.record.meta

Methods in org.apache.hadoop.record.meta that return types with arguments of type FieldTypeInfo

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1. Take us back to where it all began; how did you guys meet?
In 2011 I (Kabelo 'KB Kilobyte' Ringane) was performing at the University of Pretoria poetry sessions held at the Student Centre, I was just 21 years of age. The sessions were hosted by Vangile Gantsho, one of SA's Female Poets and writers today. I was then approached by Maanda Nengome who asked me if it was possible to channel my poetry into Christian poetry. I agreed and started writing, soon to join us was Emmah Mabye and the three of us went on this spiritual journey to use poetry as a medium of God's word and really evangelise through poetry.
2. How was the conversation like and what was the atmosphere in that room like?
Well, Maanda was a very persuasive person who saw the potential in people and was never wrong when judging a character. He spoke to me as if we are already in agreement, that I would do Christian poetry and that was it. "I want to use poetry to exalt the Kingdom of God and magnify His greatness, we are taking this poetry to churches, to the people and to even those who will not welcome us, KB I see you in this vision……". Maanda was/is not a poet, he has never written not even a single line in his life, it was most probably his first time seeing poetry being done at the university, but his vision and the way he spoke was inspirational and gave me a sense of purpose and self discovery of myself as a poet as well.
3. Introduce us to your whole team.
We have two categories of the poetry team, 'The Originals', and 'The Born Frees'. But in addition to this we had a lot of assistance from non poets who just wanted to get involved and be part of the movement and vision on Penseed Poets. They were our Financial managers, Admin, Advertising, Communications, Stage Managers, Sound Techs, and of cause the Brains behind everything Maanda. we were truly grateful as poets that our only worry was getting good material to present to the audience.
4. What/who was the main influences that you had?
As a team we have were held together by God and our common beliefs. We also looked up to the work done by other Organisations like P4CM in the US.
5. We see a lot of Christian Creative movements being birthed and soon after die after just a few events, what would you attribute that to and what have you done differently to ensure that you survive this long?
Organisations/Movements that started at tertiary institutions have always found it difficult to progress once the members graduate and relocate to different parts of the world. Failure to recruit and pass the Baton, lack of commitment, adoption of other commitments, professional pursuits and advancements, those are some of the factors that are undeniably the cause of many Christian organisations to fade.
As Penseed, we have made sure that each poet develops themselves as a brand beyond the Umbrella of Penseed Poets, live by the principles we have tried to uphold as an organisation and continue to teach the word of God through poetry. Throughout the years we have hurdled together many a time when needed to perform at events. We have regrouped and understand each other's commitments as professionals and artists. What I am getting at is that sometimes an organisation requires time for the individuals to mature, get swallowed up by the world, discover themselves and should they emerge to revive what was presumed no more, that organisation will thrive.
6. The first time I saw you performing was in Polokwane by invite from JC Reigns, Please share with us the stages and people you have had the pleasure of performing with?
There is just too many to mention, the most memorable ones was Penseed hosting a show with Ian Kamau (Canada), performing with Jennet Ikz and Ezekiel from P4CM (USA), Performing in Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia, our very own Emmah and Given performing at the SALGA conference in Sandton that included the Deputy president Cyril Ramaphosa, Thabiso Ngwenya and Flex's trips to the US, Given's one man show 2017, Emmah's Clocking in Show at the state Theatre 2017, Penseed does not take credit for these achievements but recognise the hard work of the names that stem from the organisation.
7. Beyond South Africa what aspirations do you have?
There is communication with the Legendary Black Ice to have events in Amsterdam, we are in pursuit of Sweden and revisiting Namibia.
8. What drives you? What is the vision and conviction that keeps you going?
The love for poetry and it's impact, trusting and having faith in God and each other.
9. What lessons would you share with young movements like yours starting up?
Start a movement beyond the borders of Tertiary institutions.
Commitment is key, the organisation over egos and personal issues.
Be prepared to work at own cost for a while.
10. The creative arts space is a very challenging one in South Africa, being a Christian creative arts movement must be much more challenging. What challenges have you had to overcome?
Firstly, being a Christian artist does not necessarily mean one only has to do Christian work. It is about the principles we uphold, how one carries themselves and the work put in. Same as Gospel singers or any other successful Christian. However there are some stages we have not appealed to because of our spirituality, some corporate events that do not accommodate religion. I believe Christians artist are still able to teach in these arenas without forcing Christianity on people.
11. Your ministry relies hugely on the knowledge and time spent in the word, how do you resist solely relying on the talent and slacking in the word?
Church is a great way of spiritual fulfilment, fellowshipping and learning undiscovered thought processing.
12. How can our readership get hold of your products or you for booking?
And official booking platform will be posted soon. People can contact KB Kilobyte on FB or mail kilobyte8@gmail.com. Emmah has a book relseased "Clocking In" the same contact details may be used. The rest of the team can be viewed on Youtube for some of their work.


text:
package net.bytebuddy.description.type;

import net.bytebuddy.description.method.MethodDescription;
import net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatchers;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatchers.isBridge;
import static net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatchers.named;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

public class TypeDescriptionGenericOfNonGenericTypeForReifiedErasureTest {

    private static final String FOO = "foo", BAR = "bar", QUX = "qux";

    @Test
    public void testNonGenerifiedType() throws Exception {
        TypeDescription.Generic typeDescription = TypeDescription.Generic.OfNonGenericType.ForReifiedErasure.of(TypeDescription.OBJECT);
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSort(), not(instanceOf(TypeDescription.Generic.OfNonGenericType.ForReifiedErasure.class)));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGenerifiedType() throws Exception {
        TypeDescription.Generic typeDescription = TypeDescription.Generic.OfNonGenericType.ForReifiedErasure.of(new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Qux.class));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.asErasure(), is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Qux.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getDeclaredFields().getOnly().getType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getDeclaredFields().getOnly().getType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(QUX)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(QUX)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(List.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.PARAMETERIZED));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().asErasure(), is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Foo.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getTypeArguments().size(), is(1));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getTypeArguments().getOnly().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getTypeArguments().getOnly().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredFields().getOnly().getType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredFields().getOnly().getType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(List.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.PARAMETERIZED));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().asErasure(), is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Bar.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getTypeArguments().size(), is(1));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getTypeArguments().getOnly().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getTypeArguments().getOnly().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(List.class)));
    }

    @Test
    public void testNonGenericIntermediateType() throws Exception {
        TypeDescription.Generic typeDescription = TypeDescription.Generic.OfNonGenericType.ForReifiedErasure.of(new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(GenericIntermediate.class))
                .getSuperClass();
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.PARAMETERIZED));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().asErasure(), is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Foo.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getTypeArguments().size(), is(1));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getTypeArguments().getOnly().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getTypeArguments().getOnly().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredFields().getOnly().getType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredFields().getOnly().getType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.PARAMETERIZED));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getSuperClass().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(List.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.PARAMETERIZED));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().asErasure(), is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Bar.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getTypeArguments().size(), is(1));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getTypeArguments().getOnly().getSort(), is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getTypeArguments().getOnly().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.NON_GENERIC));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(FOO)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(Number.class)));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().getSort(),
                is(TypeDefinition.Sort.PARAMETERIZED));
        assertThat(typeDescription.getInterfaces().getOnly().getDeclaredMethods().filter(named(BAR)).getOnly().getReturnType().asErasure(),
                is((TypeDescription) new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(List.class)));
    }

    private static class Foo<T> {

        T foo;

        public T foo() {
            return null;
        }

        public List<?> bar() {
            return null;
        }
    }

    private interface Bar<T> {

        T foo();

        List<?> bar();
    }

    private static class Qux<T extends Number> extends Foo<T> implements Bar<T>{

        T foo;

        public T qux() {
            return null;
        }

        public List<?> bar() {
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static class NonGenericIntermediate extends Foo<Number> implements Bar<Number> {
        /* empty */
    }

    private static class GenericIntermediate<T> extends NonGenericIntermediate {
        /* empty */
    }
}


text:
Council house sales a...
London Borough of Newham (17 011 864)
Category : Housing > Council house sales and leaseholders
Decision : Upheld
Decision date : 26 Sep 2018
Agreed action
Summary: The Council misled an applicant for a shared ownership property about how it would set the price. It failed to tell the applicant it had changed the garden and refused a new valuation. The Council withdrew from the sale without good reason. It then did not deal with a complaint about this but sent it to external litigation solicitors and tried to hold the applicant responsible for the costs of this. The Council caused the applicant injustice because he lost the property and had over £3,000 in abortive costs. The Council also caused the complaint significant time, trouble, distress and outrage. The Council will pay the complainant £6,000 and improve how it administers its shared ownership scheme.
The complainant, whom I will call Mr X, complains about the way the Council dealt with his application to buy a property under its NewShare shared equity scheme. He says the Council:
Did not have an up-to-date valuation when it wanted to go ahead with the sale.
Refused to give him a copy of the valuation which he had to get through a freedom of information request.
Did not tell him there had been a significant change in the property which had reduced its value.
Asked him for a higher price than the market valuation although it was affordable housing.
Withdrew from the sale without addressing his request for a new valuation based on the significant change and without providing reasons.
Did not return his reservation fee when it withdrew from the sale.
Would not deal with his complaint about these matters through its complaints procedure and instead insisted he use a solicitor and dealt with the Council's solicitors.
We investigate complaints about 'maladministration' and 'service failure'. In this statement, I have used the word fault to refer to these. We must also consider whether any fault has had an adverse impact on the person making the complaint. I refer to this as 'injustice'. If there has been fault which has caused an injustice, we may suggest a remedy. (Local Government Act 1974, sections 26(1) and 26A(1), as amended)
We investigate complaints about councils and certain other bodies. Where an individual, organisation or private company is providing services on behalf of a council, we can investigate complaints about the actions of these providers. (Local Government Act 1974, section 25(7), as amended)
If we are satisfied with a council's actions or proposed actions, we can complete our investigation and issue a decision statement. (Local Government Act 1974, section 30(1B) and 34H(i), as amended)
I considered the information provided by Mr X and discussed the complaint with him.
I considered information from the Council, asked to inspect its files and interviewed officers.
I took legal advice on whether the NewShare scheme is affordable housing and contacted third parties.
I asked Mr X and the Council for comments on a draft of this decision. I considered comments received before I made a final decision.
There are several definitions of affordable housing. The 2012 National Planning Policy Framework says affordable housing is social rented, affordable rented and intermediate housing, provided to eligible households whose needs are not met by the market. A council decides eligibility for affordable housing from local incomes and house prices. Intermediate housing is affordable homes for sale or rent at a cost above social rent, but below market levels. These can include shared equity (shared ownership and equity loans).
In 2012 the Council secured a grant from the Greater London Authority (GLA) of over £1 million towards the cost of providing new-build affordable housing. Under the terms of the GLA grant the Council had to get a valuation from a Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) qualified independent valuer. The Council could only charge above the RICS valuation if it had a robust business case and the GLA approved the higher price.
In 2013 the Council used its powers under the Localism Act 2010 to create an affordable housing scheme called NewShare. It intended to use the GLA grant towards the cost of this.
The NewShare scheme has new build properties and refurbished Council properties. The applicant funds between 50-70% of the cost from a deposit and commercial mortgage. The Council makes up the difference with an equity loan at an initial annual fee of 1.75%. The fee increases yearly by the retail price index plus 1%. The applicant owns 100% of the property but the Council has a second charge on the property for its share. The applicant must repay the Council in full for its share of the property within 25 years. How much applicants pay the Council depends of the value of the property when they redeem the loan.
The Council uses a private estate agent to market the NewShare properties and handle the day to day management.
In December 2014 the Council granted planning permission for a NewShare development I will call "the development".
The Local Government Act 1972 puts a council under a duty to secure the best price for land it disposes of.
The Housing Act 1985 gives a council general consent to dispose of land. It must do this at the market value. It defines market value as "the amount for which a property would realise on the date of the valuation on a disposal between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm's-length transaction after proper marketing where the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently, and without compulsion and where the market value is assessed not earlier than three months before the buyer applies or agrees to an offer in writing".
In February 2017 the Council's estate agents (the "agents") instructed a RICS qualified surveyor to provide market values for the properties. The development was under construction. On 16 March the RICS valuer gave a market value of £500,000 for the house in this complaint (the house). The valuer provided a full report. He said this price included a new build premium which might not be realised on future sales. As the house was still under construction the valuer said it would need a re-inspection when the work was complete.
The agents started to market the development.
Mr and Mrs X had a shared ownership property with a different social housing provider. They wanted a bigger home and applied to NewShare. On 25 March 2017 Mr and Mrs X reserved the house; a three-bedroom property with a small rear garden. They had to pay a reservation fee of £500 and an administrative fee of £385.
The Council put the price of the house as £525,000. The Council had asked its agents to give their valuation on all the NewShare properties when they received the RICS valuations. The Council used the agents' valuations for all the properties. The Council has no paperwork for the agents' valuations and the agents are not RICS qualified and not independent of the Council. The Council say the agents' valuation is the market value as it is what people were willing to pay. It says buyers could get their own valuation.
In May 2017 Mr and Mrs X had a financial assessment with the agents' approved financial advisors. To sell their current shared ownership home Mr and Mrs X had to have a RICS valuation and sell the property at that price. If they had not sold their home within three months of the valuation, they had to get a new valuation. They told the Council they had instructed a RICS valuer to value their current home.
The Council said Mr X had to sell his current home before it would confirm it had accepted him on the NewShare scheme. Mr X said this was unrealistic and in May 2017 the Council agreed and told the agents they could sell the house to Mr X.
The Council Officer then dealing with NewShare applications emailed Mr X on 3 May 2017 and said:
"With regards to valuations of our properties, these are carried out by a RICS Surveyor, and remain valid for 3 months. Where a property has been on the market for this length of time, we will then either seek a new valuation, or consider a reduction in price."
Work ended on the development in late August 2017. On 24 August the Council drew up a Memorandum of Sale (MOS). This includes the name and address of Mr X's solicitor (Solicitor 1) and mortgage broker. It invited Mr X to view the house. At the viewing Mr X discovered that nearly half the small garden was now a fire escape route. The Council placed a covenant on the house with the Land Registry this says the owner must not:
"Obstruct, put, place, keep or store any material or erect any structure nor to plant any shrubs, trees or any other plant on the part of the Property which is the Fire Exit or use the Fire Exit for any other purpose than as an emergency escape route"
There were now gates either side of the garden that Mr X could not lock as it was the fire escape route from other properties.
The fire escape route was not on the plans seen by Mr X In March 2017. However, correspondence between Building Control and the Architects show the Council added fire escape route in October 2015. The Council did not tell people who had reserved the properties about the fire escape route. The agents say they did not know about it until they got the final documents from the Council in August 2017.
The complaint and the Council's withdrawal from the sale
On 28 August 2017 Mr X complained to the Council that it had not told him about the escape route and asked the Council to carry out a new RICS valuation. He asked the Council to put a hold on the sale until he and the Council had resolved the issue. The Council acknowledged his complaint and said it would reply within 20 working days.
Throughout September 2017 Mr X says he telephoned the Complaints Department at least twenty times but no-one answered or responded to his voice mails. The Council says it only stores telephone calls for three months.
The Council did not put the sale on hold. On 31 August Mrs X told the agents they had a buyer for their home and they were waiting for a response from the Council. On 7 September the agents said Mr and Mrs X needed a mortgage before they could go ahead with the purchase. The agents also wanted confirmation of the sale of their home by 11 September. Mrs X replied that she needed the Council's response before paying the £500 mortgage arrangement fee. She hoped to have this soon and said they still wanted the house. Mrs X said the agents could contact the Council to confirm this.
The Council employed external solicitors (Solicitor 2) for conveyancing. On 7 September Solicitor 2 sent Solicitor 1 several documents about the sale but did not attach the MOS. Solicitor 1 says she did not receive this email. The agents contacted Mrs X again on 14 September and asked what she had asked the Council for. Mrs X responded the Council was due to respond any day and she would be in touch with the agents straight away.
On 18 September the agents asked Solicitor 2 to contact Solicitor 1 to find out about the sale of Mr and Mrs X's property. Solicitor 2 asked Solicitor 1 for solid evidence that Mr and Mrs X were selling their home. Solicitor 1 responded she did not know what client they were contacting her about. Solicitor 2 sent Solicitor 1 the MOS on 19 September 2017. This said the parties should exchange contracts with six weeks. From then on, the Solicitors contacted each other directly about the sale.
On 19 September the agents contacted a manager at NewShare. The agents said for some months they had tried to get information from Mr and Mrs X but they were refusing to give this because of talks with the Council. The agents asked permission to withdraw from the sale if Mr and Mrs X did not provide the information by the close of business the next day. The Manager asked the agents to contact Solicitor 1 for details of who Mr and Mrs X had complained to. She said if the Solicitor would not provide this, this was a breach of condition and the Council would withdraw the sale. The agents said they had done this and told Solicitor 1 that Mr and Mrs X would breach the terms and conditions of sale if they did not provide the information.
On 20 September Solicitor 1 told Solicitor 2 who the estate agents were for Mr and Mrs X's property and said she would contact them for an update as she thought they had a buyer. On 22 September the agents told the Manager Mr and Mrs X did not have a buyer and again asked for authority to withdraw from the sale. The agents have shown me a text from the Manager dated 22 September. This says if Mr and Mrs X did not comply with the terms and condition by 27 September the Council would withdraw from the sale.
On 26 September Mr X contacted the Complaints Department as it had not responded to him, he wanted its response now. He also asked the Complaints Department to ask NewShare to allow him to get the complaint response before continuing with the sale.
The Complaints Department now started to look at his complaint and on 26 September contacted the Manager for information. The Manager passed a copy of the complaint to the agents and agreed with the Complaints Department to put a hold on the sale until the end of the following week.
On 9 October the Complaints Department pressed the Manager for the agents' response. The agents then responded that Mr and Mrs X did not have a mortgage because they had not sold their home and so had breached the terms and conditions. The agents said Solicitor 1 was not responding to them.
Mr and Mrs X did have a buyer and on 4 October their estate agents had agreed terms with their buyer and served a MOS. The estate agents put on their website the property was sold subject to contract.
A Complaints Officer emailed Mr X on 9 October to say a response to his complaint was imminent.
Solicitor 1 and 2 were in contact on 9 and 10 October. On October 9 Solicitor 1 mistakenly thought Mr and Mrs X's sale had fallen through but corrected this. On 10 October Solicitor 2 said he presumed the sale to Mr and Mrs X was going ahead. He hoped this would happen as soon as possible and asked if Solicitor 1 was happy with the details he had inserted in the documents.
The agents say on 9 October they contacted Mr and Mrs X's estate agents who said they did not have a buyer. The Council's agents have no record of this. I have seen an email from Mr and Mrs X's estate agent. In this he says the Council's agents did not contact his company and if they had, they would have said the property was sold subject to contract.
The Complaints Officer asked advice from the Council's Property Team. The Property Team said Mr X raised issues about the purchase of the property which were conveyancing matters Solicitors 1 and 2 should deal with. He advised the Complaints Department not to get involved.
On 11 October the agents emailed NewShare and the Complaints Department and said they believed the sale was not going ahead. The agents' asked what was happening with the complaint and if they should hold the property. The Complaints Manager emailed the NewShare Manager to say they were about to respond to the complaint and they should take the hold off the property.
In the morning of 12 October 2017 the Complaint Department told Mr X it would send its response later that day. The same morning the agents sent an email to Mr X. This said on instruction from the Council they had withdrawn the property from Mr and Mrs X and put it back on the market. The Manager says the agents gave her the impression they had heard nothing from Mr and Mrs X since March. She says she did not know the agents had withdrawn the sale. She said she intended to lift the hold on the sale and give Mr and Mrs X the opportunity to meet the conditions. Mr and Mrs X could then deal with the garden and price as conveyancing issues through their solicitors.
On the afternoon of 12 October the Council responded to Mr X's complaint. It said:
"as the potential purchaser of (the house), you should be making enquiries concerning the land demise and general building through your solicitors and they in turn would then make a formal representation on your behalf through our solicitors. As a consequence of the information exchanges between the respective solicitors, you would then be able to make an informed decision about whether or not you still wished to proceed with the purchase transaction to buy (the house). In summary, any queries you have regarding the property should be directed to our solicitors to address."
Mr X told the Complaints Department the Council had withdrawn from the sale and asked for an explanation. In the next week Mr X sent several emails asking the Complaints Department why he needed a solicitor. He explained as the Council had withdrawn from the sale it was no longer a conveyancing matter and it would cost him to use a solicitor to complain. The Council always responded he had to go through solicitors and it could not help him further.
Mr X asked the agent for the RICS valuation for the house. The agent refused and Mr X got it through a freedom of information request. He discovered the price the Council asked for was £25,000 more than this valuation. He added this to his complaint and wanted compensation for the unnecessary expense the Council had caused him. He also wanted the Council to return his reservation fee.
The Council asked Solicitor 2 for advice. This was the first Solicitor 2 knew the Council had withdrawn from the sale. It had recently asked Solicitor 1 for an update. Solicitor 2 told the Council this was no longer conveyancing but litigation. The Council asked Solicitor 2 to provide litigation advice and it did. However, the Council still told Mr X it was a conveyancing issue and he needed to go through solicitors. It did not tell Mr X he could complain to the Ombudsman.
As Mr and Mrs X could no longer buy the house they lost the sale of their home. They had paid a RICS surveyor £420 and Solicitor 1 £1,746.
In November 2017 the agents agreed to sell the house to other buyers.
Mr X complains to the Ombudsman
Mr X found out about the Ombudsman. We asked the Council for its complaint response. On 30 November 2017 the Council told us Mr X could not use the complaints procedure. It repeated what it had told Mr X on 12 October and said this was still its position.
The Council then asked Solicitor 2 to respond to Mr X's complaint. An email from Solicitor 2 to the Council reports the difficulties faced contacting the Council. It said its litigation solicitor did not get a response to her telephone calls and her emails bounced back as inboxes were full. Solicitor 2 suggested the Council should return Mr X's reservation fee. The Head of Service agreed to this but no-one told Solicitor 2.
On 14 December 2017 Solicitor 2 sent Mr X its response. Solicitor 2 said Mr X knew about the fire escape route before the exchange of contracts and he could have withdrawn from the sale. Solicitor 2 said the Council could set its own price and Mr X could have got his own valuation. Solicitor 2 said it sent the documents to Solicitor 1 on 1 September and Mr X had 28 days from the service of the MOS to exchange contracts. Solicitor 2 said by 12 October Mr X did not have a mortgage and Solicitor 1 and his estate agent confirmed his onward sale had fallen through. Solicitor 2 said if Mr X tried to claim against the Council it would robustly defend this and seek costs against Mr X.
In February 2018 the Council told the Ombudsman it withdrew from the sale as Mr X had 28 days from 1 September to exchange contracts and had failed to do this. It said it did not return Mr X's reservation fee because of the costs it had incurred. It said for several months its agents asked Mr X and Solicitor 1 for information about his sale but did not get a response. It said it did not need a new valuation as it offered the house to Mr X subject to contract on 25 March 2017. It denied the fire escape route was a change as the route still belonged to the home owner. It said it could not comment on its email of 3 May 2017 as the officer who sent it no longer worked for the Council.
We asked the Council to provide evidence of the GLA approval to charge above the RICS valuation and evidence of the costs it had incurred. In March 2018 the Council said it did not have GLA funding as it used its right to buy receipts and GLA rules meant it could not use both. It said Solicitor 2 charged the Council £925 plus VAT for dealing with Mr X's complaint.
We questioned the use of right to buy receipts as a council cannot use them for owner-occupied housing. We also asked for a copy of the Council's bid to the GLA. In April 2018 the Council said it did not use right to buy receipts or GLA funding, it said its accounts proved this. It said it was justified in holding Mr X responsible for its litigation costs from Solicitor 2 as: "the legal advice was only obtained to answer (Mr X's) complaints."
It said it would send us the GLA bid documents the following day. It did not. We again asked for a copy and for the accounts mentioned by the Council. The Council said it could not find the records. It again said its accounts proved it did not get GLA funding but did not send us a copy.
In May 2018 the Council sent us a copy of an email and a screen shot where it had deleted the grant funding. The GLA confirmed to us it had agreed the grant but the Council later withdrew the bid. Several other NewShare schemes gained planning approval in 2014. In 2017 the Council applied to amend some of the planning permissions. The Committee reports say to get the GLA grant the Council needed to complete the new properties by the end of March 2016 and, as this did not happen, it could not claim the grant.
We arranged to interview officers and inspect the Council's files at the Council's offices on 17 May 2018. The Council did not provide any files for the inspection. Three officers did not attend the interviews; only one had a reasonable excuse. Those that did attend said they did not know the interviews concerned Mr X's complaint.
The Council apologised and the Head of Service said she would courier the files to us the following week. She also said she would provide a breakdown of the funding for the scheme. The Council did not send us the files and we threatened a witness summons. The Council sent us photocopied documents on 20 June but did send any information about funding.
On receiving the documents we decided not to witness summons the two officers who had not given a reason for not attending the interviews. This is because the information now provided for their part in the complaint was sufficient. We did conduct interviews with another three officers whose involvement became apparent during the first set of interviews.
The interviews established that in October 2017 NewShare and the Complaints Department did not know the agents had withdrawn the sale but the agents thought the Council had told them to do this.
Officers said the Council should have dealt with Mr X's complaint and then carried on with the sale. Alternatively, the Council should have told Mr X straightaway the price and garden were conveyancing matters.
The Council does not use external solicitors to deal with complaints and does not charge complainants for dealing with a complaint. Officers could not think of any other time this had happened. They thought it happened this time as the situation was confused and involved so many people.
NewShare officers said Mr X had six weeks, not four, to exchange contracts from the service of the MOS. Officers and the agents said six weeks is a short timescale and sales often overrun this, especially when there is a chain involved. The agents confirmed they would only carry out a new valuation if the Council told them to.
NewShare officers said they got a RICS valuation as a comparable for its own agents' valuation.
Officers said the Council should have sent Mr X the RICS valuation when he asked for it. They also agreed the change to the garden was a material change and the Council should have agreed to new valuation. However, they could not know if this would have reduced the price.
Officers said they had difficulty replying to us as they could not find the information I wanted. Record keeping was not good and it held information about NewShare in several different locations. Individual officers had information but you had to know who they were. The Council has a major restructure in 2017 and all the officers involved with NewShare changed.
The Head of Service said the Council now accepts the way it handled the complaint was wrong. She says the Council should have done a new valuation, should not have pulled out of the sale and should have returned Mr X's reservation fee. The Head of service said she would return the fee and invite Mr X to apply for another NewShare property.
Mr X declined the offer of another property as he had exchanged contracts on a new home elsewhere. The Council has not returned the reservation fee.
An issue for this complaint is the lack of proper records for NewShare and poor communication. When there was a major restructure the Council lost its knowledge about the history of the scheme. Because of this the Council has given poor and sometimes wrong responses to the Ombudsman. It has appeared obstructive and defensive, even if it did not intend this.
Did the Council need an up-to-date valuation when it wanted to go ahead with the sale
The Council set a price in March 2017. Mr X signed a reservation form containing this price in March 2017. The Council drew up the MOS in August but Mr X did not sign this. The Council must carry out a market price valuation "three months before the buyer applies or agrees to an offer in writing". The Council argues that Mr X agreed an offer in writing in March so it did not need a new valuation. If in dispute, it is a matter for a court to decide if the reservation form is a written acceptance of an offer. There is no reason for us to decide this as we address the need for a new valuation in a separate finding.
Did the Council refuse to give Mr X a copy of the RICS valuation
The Council's agents refused to give Mr X a copy of the RICS valuation. The agents acted on behalf of the Council and the Council is responsible for the agents' actions. The Council accepts it should gave given Mr X a copy and so it put him to the unnecessary time and trouble of getting it through a Freedom of Information request. If the agents had given Mr X a copy it could have explained why the price on this differed to the price asked for.
Did the Council fail to tell Mr X of a significant change in the property which had reduced its value
The Council failed to tell Mr X about the fire escape route. The Council introduced the route in 2015, two years before it marketed the property. Therefore, the Council showed prospective buyers and its agents the wrong plans. The Council is at fault. It caused injustice as the unwelcome surprise of the much-reduced use of the garden set off the train of events that led to Mr X losing the house.
Did the Council ask Mr X for a higher price than the market valuation although it was affordable housing
When the Council set up NewShare it had a GLA grant which meant the Council had to use the RICS valuation and update this if it did not sell the property within 3 months. The Council could not claim the grant as it ran out of time. The Council then did not have to follow the funder's rules.
The Council must dispose of its land for the best price. The agents gave a value of £525,000, £25,000 above the RICS valuation and buyers were willing to pay this. When applying for their commercial mortgage, buyers needed their own valuation. None of the buyers' valuation led to a lower price. Therefore, it is arguable the Council did sell the properties at the best price. The scheme remained affordable housing because of the low-cost equity mortgage provided by the Council.
Even though the Council did not have to apply the GLA rules, it told Mr X in May 2017 it used RICS valuations. This is fault as it was untrue. The Council had asked the agents to set a value in March 2017 and used this higher value.
Mr X already had a shared ownership home. The housing provider had to get a RICS valuation when he bought it and he had to get a RICS valuation when he wanted to sell it. The Council led Mr X to believe it followed the same process.
When Mr X found out the Council had asked him £25,000 more than the RICS valuation he was justifiably outraged. He considered the Council dishonest. The Council did not address this or apologise when dealing with his complaint. It only said it could charge what it wanted. In response to us the Council did not take responsibility for telling Mr X something that was not true. Instead it said it could not comment as the Officer had left.
The Council caused injustice to Mr X when it misled him. Its actions resulted in suspicion the Council was trying to hide something.
Did the Council withdraw from the sale without addressing Mr X's request for a new valuation based on the significant change and without providing reasons
The Council has inadequate records and communication between those involved was poor. Because of this different departments and companies had different opinions about what was happening with the sale. The agents wrongly told NewShare it had asked Mr and Mrs X to provide information for several months and they had refused to provide it. The agents did not tell NewShare or the Complaints Department it had withdrawn from the sale. NewShare wanted to carry on with the sale but did not make this clear to the agents.
Mr X's experience was the only way of changing a price on a shared ownership property was by a new RICS valuation. Mr X asked for a new valuation on 28 August, soon after viewing the property. As neither the RICS valuer nor the agents knew about the restriction on the garden when giving a value, the Council should have agreed to a new valuation. Only the Council could approve this. The Council is at fault as it did not have a valuation that included the change to the garden.
Mr X asked the Council to put a hold on the sale until he had an answer to his complaint. As the Complaints Department did not deal with this in a timely manner, it did not tell NewShare about the complaint or the request for a hold until the end of September.
The Council withdrew from the sale before it replied to his complaint. It then did not reply to Mr X's complaint saying it was a conveyancing issue. It stuck to this even after Mr X told it the Council had withdrawn, we had asked for its reply and Solicitor 2 said it was not a conveyancing issue. The delay in dealing with the complaint is fault. This caused injustice as if the Council had dealt with the complaint the sale is likely to have gone ahead.
The agents did not tell Mr and Mrs X why it had withdrawn from the sale. Since then the Council and the companies it used have provided different reasons for the withdrawal.
The agents believed Mr and Mrs X did not have a buyer when they did and Solicitor 2 knew this. They say Mr and Mrs X's estate agents confirmed there was no buyer on 10 October 2017. Mr and Mrs X's estate agent denies this. We have seen solid evidence that Mr and Mrs X's property was sold subject to contract on 4 October 2017. We can see no reason their agents would have said otherwise. They say Mr and Mrs X did not have a mortgage but Mrs X had said she did not want to pay the arrangement fee until she had the complaint response. They say Mr and Mrs X refused to tell them what their complaint was about bur Mrs X had given them permission to contact the Council about this. They knew what the complaint was about on 26 September as the Council sent them a copy of it. The agents say they had told Mr and Mrs X and Solicitor 1 that they were in breach of terms and conditions but we have seen no evidence of this.
The Council told us it had served the MOS on Solicitor 1 on 1 September 2017 and Mr and Mrs X had to exchange contacts before 2 October. This is wrong. The MOS gave six weeks not four and Solicitor 2 did not send it to Solicitor 1 until 19 September; three weeks before the Council withdrew from the sale
Solicitor 2 also wrongly said Mr and Mrs X had to exchange contracts within four weeks of 1 September and said they did not have a mortgage and a buyer by this time.
The failure to give reasons for withdrawing from the sale and not having good reason to withdraw from the sale is fault.
Did the Council return Mr X's reservation fee when it withdrew from the sale
The Council did not return the reservation fee even though Solicitor 2 suggested this and the Head of Service agreed. Instead the Council held Mr X responsible for the costs it incurred in instructing Solicitor 2 to give advice and answer the complaint.
The Council agreed to refund Mr X's reservation fee on 18 May 2018 but still has not done so
Did the Council refuse to deal with Mr X's complaint through its complaints procedure and instead insist he use a solicitor and deal with the Council's solicitors.
The Council did tell Mr X he had to go through his solicitors under the mistaken assumption the sale was going ahead, even when Mr X told it otherwise.
The Council has no provision to delegate complaints it receives to external solicitors and to charge the complainant for this. The Council's insistence Mr X had to go through solicitors is fault. This caused injustice because of the unnecessary time, trouble and frustration it put Mr X to.
Solicitor 2 and the Council treated Mr X's complaint as litigation. Solicitor 2's role as the Council's external Solicitor was to defend the Council. Therefore, asking Solicitor 2 to deal with the complaint meant the Council did not look at the issues itself and missed the opportunity to resolve them before it sold the property to someone else.
To put matters right for Mr X within one month of our final decision the Council will:
Apologise to Mr and Mrs X.
Pay Mr X £6,000. This is to cover the £885 reservation fee and administrative costs and the £2,166 RICS and solicitor costs Mr X incurred. It is also for the Council's withdrawal from the sale of the house and the time, trouble, distress and outrage the Council caused.
Within three months of our final decision the Council will provide the Ombudsman with an action plan of how it will improve record keeping and communication for the NewShare scheme. This could include introducing a shared database for all those involved in the sales process.
The Council is at fault for the way it dealt with Mr X's NewShare application and how it dealt with his complaint. It caused considerable injustice to Mr X. The Council has agreed to our recommendations and will provide a suitable remedy for the complaint. I have completed my investigation and closed the complaint.


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