text:
(PD) Image: U.S. Army Historical Archives
A painting of the Battle of North Point, in the War of 1812.
The War of 1812 was a small war, 1812-1815, between the United States of America and the British Empire, over several disputes between the two countries. With Britain engaged in a major war with France, it ignored American demands to end the impressment (seizure) of American sailors, interference with American maritime rights, and support for hostile Indians in the American West. Another factor was an ongoing dispute over the Northwest territories and the border of Canada. After inconclusive fighting on land and sea, marked by the failures of American invasions of Canada, and British invasions of New York and Louisiana, the war ended in a draw. It was celebrated by Americans as conclusively demonstrating their independence, and by Canadians as a repulse to America's aggressive intent. Today, the War of 1812 is largely considered one of the "forgotten wars" of both the United States and Britain.
At sea the powerful Royal Navy blockaded the long American coastline (allowing some exports from New England, which was trading with Britain and Canada.) The blockade devastated American agricultural exports, but helped stimulate local factories that replaced goods previously imported. The American strategy of using small gunboats to defend ports was a fiasco, as the British raided the coast at will. The most famous episode was a series of British raids on the shores of Chesapeake Bay which included an attack on Washington that resulted in the burning of the White House and other public buildings, known as the "Burning of Washington". In July 1814, the British carried out orders to "lay waste" to American coastal towns in revenge for U.S. damage in Upper Canada; unarmed townsfolk would be spared, but military provisions and strategic positions would be taken; private property would not be seized on payment of a "tribute".[1]
The American strategy of sending out several hundred privateers to attack British merchant ships was more successful, and hurt British commercial interests, especially in the West Indies. Although few in number compared to the Royal Navy, American Navy's heavy frigates prevailed in several one-on-one naval battles against British ships. The decisive use of naval power came on the Great Lakes and depended on a contest of building ships. Ultimately, the Americans won control of Lake Erie, thus neutralizing western Ontario and cutting the native forces off from supplies. The British controlled Lake Ontario, preventing any major American invasion. The Americans controlled Lake Champlain, and a naval victory there forced a large British invasion army to turn back.
The Americans destroyed the power of the Indians of the Northwest and Southeast, thus securing a major war goal. With the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, British trade restrictions and impressment ended, thus eliminating that root cause of the war. With stalemate on the battlefields, both nations agreed to a peace that left the prewar boundaries intact. Before Congress ratified the treaty, the Americans decisively defeated a veteran British army at the Battle of New Orleans. The British also captured Fort Bowyer a day before learning of the war's end.
The war had the effects of both uniting Canadians and also uniting Americans far more closely than either population had been prior to the war. Canadians remember the war as a victory by avoiding conquest by the Americans, while the Americans celebrated victory in a "second war for independence" personified in the hero of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson.
1.1 Commercial Interference
1.3 Agitation in the West
1.4 Emergence of the War Hawks
2 Military history
2.1 American Defeats on Land
2.2 American Victories at Sea
2.3 Standoff in Canada
2.4 The War in the South
2.5 Invading the United States
2.5.1 Burning of Washington
2.6 Battle of New Orleans
3 Antiwar sentiment inside U.S.
4 Peace
For more information, see: War of 1812, Causes.
The American achievement of independence in 1783 was followed by a series of quarrels between Great Britain and the United States. In the West (northwest of the Ohio River) the United States was battling the Indians, who seemed to have support from the British in Canada. These general causes of disagreement became far more serious after the outbreak of war between Britain and France in 1793. This war engulfed the whole of Europe, and was to last (with only a short truce from 1802 to 1803) from 1793 to 1815, when Napoleon was finally defeated. In 1794 the Jay Treaty resolved some major disputes and opened a decade of peaceful commerce between the U.S. and Britain. After 1800 this European war rapidly developed into a struggle between a sea power, Great Britain, and a land power, France. This struggle increasingly involved maritime blockades designed to stop American trade with the other side.
Commercial Interference
From the beginning of the British-French conflict in 1793 the U.S. was a major supplier of both Britain and France, especially their colonies in the West Indies. However, both sides attempted to restrict American trade. In the case of Great Britain, attempts at blockade were aggravated by the British practice of impressment. England had great need for seamen, and tried to reclaim its deserters from American merchantmen by stopping these vessels on the high seas and removing suspected deserters. By both accident and design American seamen were often taken along with any British deserters. The British practice of impressment was a constant irritant to Americans.
The whole state of Anglo-American relations declined rapidly after 1803, for the European war was renewed in that year escalated in scope and intensity. Britain's need for seamen drove its to increase the practice of impressment from American vessels, and both Great Britain and France came to the conclusion that they could defeat each other by commercial restrictions. British restrictions on American commerce culminated in the Orders in Council of January and November 1807. By these Orders all American trade to France or its possessions (much of Europe) had to be channeled through British ports. Moreover, France, in its Berlin Decree of November 1806 and its Milan Decree of December 1807, declared the British Isles in a state of blockade, and said she would seize all American shipping that obeyed British regulations.
The steady maritime pressure of Great Britain almost drove the United States to war in 1807, for in June of that year American grievances reached a climax when the American vessel "Chesapeake" was attacked and beaten by the British "Leopard" off the American coast. War was avoided at that time primarily by the efforts of President Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson realizing American weakness and hoping to offer a solution other than war, tried to change European policies by economic means. First Thomas Jefferson, and then his successor, James Madison, restricted American trade to the belligerents in the hope of forcing a change in policy. Jefferson's Embargo (December 1807 to March 1809), which stopped all American overseas trade, proved a failure, and was succeeded by other attempts at economic coercion. See also Embargo of 1807
Between 1807 and 1810 American pride and spirits sank lower and lower as the country turned the other cheek to all insults from the European powers. The difficulties of the government were increased by the fact that the Federalist opposition was friendly toward Britain and opposed policies that might lead to war with that country.
(PD) Image: Charles Edward
The Yellow Jacket Memorial from the Battle of Tippecanoe (War of 1812).
Agitation in the West
By 1810, the national spirit began to revive, and there was increased talk of the possibility of war. The centers of this new demand for war were in the Mississippi Valley and in the South Atlantic states. Historians disagree on the causes of the war feeling in the West and South. Some have argued that the Westerners now were beginning to demand war because of the increasing Indian problem in the Northwest, and the suspicion, that the British in Canada were instigating this hostility. Certainly the Northwest had been growing increasingly agitated since 1805 owing to the growth of Tecumseh's Confederacy, and Governor William Henry Harrison of Indiana clashed with the Indians at the battle of Tippecanoe on Nov. 7, 1811. Others have suggested that the Southerners wanted to seize Florida. The notion that the Americans planned to acquire Canada was long ago exploded by historians, but remains a popular myth in Canada Some scholars argue the basis for this West-South alliance was the economic depression that was affecting both the areas. They blamed their economic ills on the British restrictions which made it so difficult for them to export their products.
Emergence of the War Hawks
By 1810 there were ample reasons for a revival of war feeling, and in the elections of that year many new men were elected to Congress. Their leaders were for the most part young, and soon became known as the War Hawks. They took their seats in the Twelfth Congress in the fall of 1811. Led by young Henry Clay, the new speaker of the House, they immediately demanded war on Great Britain. In the congressional debates of 1811-1812 they pointed out that the United States had long suffered from British restrictions, that American products were rotting for lack of an overseas market, that savage warfare was devastating the frontier, and that the means of revenge--the conquest of Canada--was within America's power. President Madison in alliance with the War Hawks sent a bellicose message to Congress.
In June 1812 Congress declared war on Great Britain. The problem was not only that there was New England opposition-- the New England shippers were tied by both commerce and sympathy to the British--but that it was also obvious that the United States was ill-prepared for war. Arguments on military preparation and finance threatened to split the Twelfth Congress, but finally the declaration of war was pushed through the House of Representatives by a vote of 79 to 49, and through the Senate by a vote of 19 to 13. Essentially the declaration of war was carried by an alliance of South and West, and it received the presidential signature on June 18. Two days before this Great Britain had announced its intention to repeal the Orders in Council, but the news did not reach America until several weeks later.
American Defeats on Land
The United States prepared to fight the British and to conquer Canada with an army of fewer than 10,000 men, a navy of under 20 vessels, and inadequate financial preparations. The leadership at the level of colonel and general was poor; at the level of Secretary of War it was worse. The Americans planned a triple-pronged attack upon Canada--along the Lake Champlain route to Montreal, across the Niagara frontier, and through Detroit into Upper Canada.
The war started badly for the Americans as their attempts to invade Canada were repeatedly repulsed by General Isaac Brock commanding a small British force. The American strategy depended on use of militias, but they either resisted service or were incompetently led. Military and civilian leadership was lacking and remained a critical American weakness until 1814. New England opposed the war and refused to provide troops or financing. Financial and logistical problems plagued the American war effort. Britain possessed excellent finance and logistics but the ongoing war with France had a higher priority, so in 1812-13 they adopted a defensive strategy. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814 they were able to send veteran armies to invade the U.S., but by then the Americans had learned how to mobilize and fight as well.
Problems of supply and communication, together with the uncertainty of militia support, made the problems of invasion almost insuperable. General William Hull's attempts to invade Upper Canada via Detroit proved utterly disastrous when in August 1812, he surrendered the fortress of Detroit and his whole army because the British threatened to turn loose their terrifying Indian allies. The campaigns on the Niagara frontier failed as well. American forces crossed the Niagara River in October in 1812 and attacked Queenstown Heights, but after initial success were driven back across the river. The proposed attack along the Lake Champlain route toward Montreal was completely ineffective. Though Henry Dearborn led an army toward the Canadian border in November, he soon discovered that his state militia refused to leave the country. He had to turn back, having achieved none of his aims.
American Victories at Sea
The great American consolation of the first year of the war was the conduct of the American naval forces. It had been expected that they would be swept from the seas by the mighty British navy, but instead they delighted the Americans and shocked the British by winning a series of single-ship engagements. At a time when the position on land looked so bleak, American sailors did a great deal to bolster waning American confidence. On August 19 in a famous engagement Captain Isaac Hull guided the "Constitution" to a great victory over the British "Guerrière" in the Atlantic.
"A boxing match, or another bloody nose for John Bull" American cartoon by W. Charles celebrates the naval victory of the frigate "Enterprise" over the British ship "Boxer" in 1813. King George III (left), his nose bleeding and eye blackened, pleads, "Stop...Brother Jonathan, or I shall fall with the loss of blood -- I thought to have been too heavy for you -- But I must acknowledge your superior skill -- Two blows to my one! -- And so well directed too! Mercy, mercy on me, how does this happen!!!" President Madison taunts, "Ha-Ah Johnny! you thought yourself a "Boxer" did you! -- I'll let you know we are an "Enterprize"ing Nation. and ready to meet you with equal force any day." In the background, on the ocean, two ships are engaged in battle."
American sailors were proving both their own seamanship and the skill of their shipbuilders, and for a time the success continued. Stephen Decatur led his frigate the "United States" to a striking victory over the "Macedonian" on October 25, and in December the "Constitution", now captained by William Bainbridge, defeated the "Java" off the coast of Brazil.
The naval success even continued into the new year, and the "Hornet", captained by James Lawrence, sank the "Peacock" on Feb. 24, 1813, but gradually the tide began to turn. British complacency in their sea power, encouraged by the dramatic victories over the French at Trafalgar, began to give way to anger that the ill-regarded Americans should be winning naval battles. No longer did the British vessels jauntily take on American vessels of superior firepower, and the British navy began to gather its ships for a display of might off the American coasts. By the spring of 1813 a blockade began to be formed, and the American vessels found it more and more difficult to leave port.
When on June 1, 1813, the British commander of the "Shannon" invited Captain Lawrence of the "Chesapeake" to come out to sea and fight, the result was the death of Lawrence and the taking of the "Chesapeake." From this time until the end of the war Great Britain took advantage of its large navy to tighten its control around the American coasts. This kept American ships in port, and also permitted British military and naval forces to ravage sections of the eastern seaboard. For the remainder of the war the United States had to depend chiefly on privateers for aggressive action on the ocean.
Standoff in Canada
Meanwhile American land forces continued to fail because of incompetent leadership and poor morale. The Detroit front saw further American disasters in 1813, such as the January, 1813, defeat of an American force under General James Winchester by a British-Indian force at Frenchtown near Detroit. The Americans made no headway in land actions on that front in the spring and summer. However the U.S. Navy prevailed; on Sept. 10, 1813, at the battle of Put-in-Bay on Lake Erie, Captain Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British naval force and won control of the key lake, thereby cutting the Indians off from British supplies and relieving the threats to the frontier.
With his communications cut, the British commander on the Detroit front, Henry Procter, retreated. He was pursued by an American army under William Henry Harrison, and on October 5 along the Thames River, near Moraviantown, Harrison defeated the British in the battle of the Thames. This not only won the Detroit frontier for the Americans, it also effectively destroyed the coalition of the Indians, for their leader Tecumseh was killed in the engagement. The west was now secure, and the Americans had achieved one of their main war goals.
Harrison's victory stood alone. In April 1813 Dearborn led a raid across Lake Ontario from Sackett's Harbor to York (Toronto) in Upper Canada. He burned some government buildings but made no major strategic gain. Washington planned in the fall of 1813 to march on Montreal. General James Wilkinson was ordered to sail eastwards from Sackett's Harbor down the St. Lawrence, while General Wade Hampton advanced northwards from Plattsburg along Lake Champlain. They both retired to winter quarters at the end of the year without attacking. As 1813 came to an end, the Americans had control in the outlying reaches of Upper Canada but had made no real progress towards the conquest of the British possessions.
The War in the South
The first two years of the war had also brought action in the South. Though there had been some talk of the conquest of the Floridas before the war, the United States did little to bring it about when the conflict actually started. The main gain in the region was when Congress in February 1813 gave President James Madison authorization to take possession of Florida west of the Perdido River. It was the Indians of the region who brought the main actions in the South in the first years of the war. In 1813 the Creeks, encouraged by the British rose in fierce onslaught against the Americans. The task of subduing the Indians was given to Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, with his state militia and Indian allies; Jackson's hard-fought campaign culminated in the destruction of the Creeks at the battle of Horseshoe Bend on Mar. 27, 1814.
Invading the United States
In Europe Napoleon was nearing defeat, and the British could now contemplate the sending of reinforcements to their possessions in the New World. In the spring of 1814 the British planned an invasion of the United States. They hoped to deliver attacks against the Americans through Niagara, along Lake Champlain, and in the South. It did not prove possible to advance on the Niagara frontier, for before British reinforcements had arrived, the American forces there had distinguished themselves. On July 5, 1814, Winfield Scott's force defeated the British at the battle of Chippewa, and ten days later American forces under Scott and Jacob Brown fought a stubborn action at Lundy's Lane, near Niagara Falls. Though the Americans withdrew, they were not defeated, and had well demonstrated their powers of resistance on the Niagara frontier.
The most serious British attack, however, was that delivered by Sir George Prevost along the Lake Champlain route--if successful it could have split the United States. In the late summer he advanced southward with a large force, but his fate was decided by a naval battle. On Sept. 11, 1814, an American naval force under Thomas Macdonough won a striking victory over a British force at the battle of Plattsburg Bay. Though Prevost was advancing on Plattsburg with a larger force than the Americans could muster, he now retreated, deciding that he could not risk the threat to his flanks and rear. The greatest British threat had been repulsed. Prevost, despite his earlier successes, was recalled in disgrace and died awaiting court martial in London.
Burning of Washington
The British, with their reinforcements from Europe, planned large-scale invasions in 1814. The plan by presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defend the seacoast using small gunboats in major ports proved a fiasco as the British merely landed behind the defenses. In August a British force landed in Chesapeake Bay, routed the Americans at the battle of Bladensburg on August 24, marched into Washington and burned the public buildings before retiring. They then attacked Baltimore, but here met far more determined resistance from Fort McHenry and the American force, during which resistance Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star Spangled Banner," which became the national anthem. After the death of their commander the British retired in frustration.
The last major effort of the British in 1814 was an expedition against New Orleans under the command of Sir Edward Pakenham, a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars. He led an army of some 10,000 veterans of Europe against New Orleans, with the long-term plan of taking control of all of Louisians. The defense of New Orleans was organized by General Andrew Jackson. On January 8, 1815, the British force advanced against Jackson's entrenched position south of New Orleans; they met complete disaster. Bravely advancing into a relentless fire, the British suffered some 2,000 casualties, including the deaths of Packenham and his second-in-command. They retreated American casualties were fewer than 100. Jackson achieved fame, and the war ended on a glorious note as the Americans boasted they had defeated the British army that had defeated Napoleon.
Antiwar sentiment inside U.S.
In the summer of 1814 America was in danger from internal as well as external pressures. Since the beginning of the war Federalist New England had shown a marked reluctance to support it with either troops or money. The discontent that had existed throughout the conflict flared into bitter protest in 1814. In October 1814 the Massachusetts legislature voted to call a convention to discuss grievances with other New England states. The Hartford Convention met at Hartford, Connecticut, in December 1814 and January 1815. It pointed out the many supposed infractions of the Constitution that had taken place under the Democratic-Republicans, and suggested a series of constitutional amendments. These were designed to weaken the power of the Southern states, particularly Virginia. A delegation was to go to Washington to present the various complaints to Congress, but they only arrived in time to see their whole movement completely discredited by the end of the war.
Negotiations to end the conflict had been going on in desultory fashion since 1812, and with the apparent end of the wars in Europe most of the main American grievances had been removed. Accordingly, on Dec. 24, 1814, the Treaty of Ghent was signed in Europe. It provided for little else except a cessation of hostilities, the mutual restoration of territory, and mixed commissions to settle disputed portions of the boundary agreed on in 1783. Maritime grievances were omitted, for they had ended with the European war.
For the most part the war had been a sorry affair for the United States, but it ended in a burst of glory at New Orleans. All was forgiven in the moment of victory, and with the end of the long European struggle America could turn inland. Its commerce was no longer harassed on the oceans of the world, and its energies could now be devoted to internal expansion. The United States had successfully defended its independence from Great Britain, and a surge of optimism and nationalism swept through the American people. The Indians had been defeated in both north and south, and American settlers poured west in the years after 1815. Of 286,000 American soldiers and sailors, about 2,260 died of disease or in combat, and 4,505 were seriously wounded.[2]
In Canada, the British and ex-American Loyalist elite, rejecting democracy and republicanism, tried to set Canadians on a different course from that of their former enemy.[3] To foster nationalism they sponsored a popular myth to the effect that the civilian militia had won the war. The long-term implication is that Canada did not need a regular professional army.[4]
↑ Latimer (2007: 303-304).
↑ Al Nofi, "Statistical Summary America's Major Wars" at [1]
↑ Erik Kaufman, "Condemned to Rootlessness: The Loyalist Origins of Canada's Identity Crisis," Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, vol.3, no.1, (1997), pp. 110-135 online at [2]
↑ CMH, "Origins of the Militia Myth" (Feb 2006) online
War of 1812, Causes
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Fair Deal for Glasgow
Rangers assistant Gary McAllister says more away fans improve the atmosphere ahead of Old Firm showdown
By Graeme McGarry @Graeme_McGarry Senior Celtic Writer
Gary McAllister wheels away after scoring for Leeds against Rangers at Ibrox in 1992, when no Leeds supporters were allowed in the stadium.
PERHAPS Jock Stein's most famous quote was when he opined that football without the fans is nothing. By extension, the Celtic great's argument could well be applied to how the lack of rival supporters present at Old Firm games this season has diminished the fixture, and what has made it unique.
Old Firm clashes over the years have been sold on the rivalry between Rangers and Celtic. The frenzied atmosphere, the deafening noise and the frequently unpalatable back-and-forth between the supporters. All of the colour and mayhem, warts and all.
So, having sampled the derby for many years from afar and then as a pundit, it is perhaps unsurprising that there is a tinge of disappointment in Rangers assistant manager Gary McAllister's tone when he discusses the prospect of just 750 Celtic supporters making their way to Ibrox for the next instalment in one of the world's most famous rivalries on Saturday.
With the shoe on the other foot at Celtic Park in early September, he admits that despite the best efforts of the reduced contingent of Rangers fans present,the atmosphere is affected when the away allocation is cut.
"I've been to Old Firm games at both stadiums, and when there was opposing fans in there," said McAllister. "I would look back to the game in Europe this year when Rapid Vienna brought however many they did into that corner, and it does make for a better atmosphere.
"I suppose it's an opinion. The four or five hundred that were at Celtic Park earlier in the season, they made a lot of noise.
"I don't know how many Celtic fans are coming, but I've got to say that we're just really focusing [on St Johnstone] right now, and we will come to that.
"It's a standalone game."
Not that McAllister won't take any advantage he can get in order to swing the tie Rangers' way. He was part of a Leeds United team that came to Govan for the famous "Battle of Britain" in 1992, when he was blown away by the intimidating atmosphere created by a crowd composed solely of Rangers supporters.
On that occasion, the ban on away fans at both legs of the tie was a mutual decision, reluctantly agreed to by all parties on the grounds of safety after meetings between officials and police.
"It was bizarre, because my one massive vivid memory was that as the referee put his whistle to his mouth to start the game, I've never heard anything like it," he said. "Ever, in any stadium across the world. I remember looking to Gordon Strachan, David Batty and Gary Speed, and the four of us just went 'wow'.
"It was proper electric. I had a bit more hair back then, and there were bits standing on end.
"I scored after 54 seconds, and then that was bizarre [too], because it was proper silence. It was like; 'what's happened?'
"That lower enclosure next to the dugouts when I spun back there, they weren't very complimentary about that goal."
McAllister is hoping that two positive results against St Johnstone and Hibernian can give Rangers the momentum to go into the fixture against Celtic firing on all cylinders before taking a welcome break in the winter shutdown.
These three matches in the space of six days will leave Rangers having played 38 competitive games in the first half of the season, but McAllister is confident that they have the depth of squad to cope with the demands of their hectic schedule.
"I suppose it's normal for the festive period, and it's something that players have got to deal with and the management group as well," he said.
"When you've not been involved in it for a few years, the demands are most definitely there. But it also gives you an opportunity to get a nice little run.
"We've got St Johnstone, Hibs and Celtic, and if you can get a nice run until the end of the year going into that winter break, it could be good.
"What we have done during this heavy schedule is not look too far ahead. After the trip to Easter Road we have just been totally focused on this trip to Perth.
"It's as big as the one on the 29th, there's no doubt about that. This St Johnstone game is big, because if we can start a run over this next three, you don't know where we could be come the winter break."
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Thomas K. Burman (born January 4, 1966) is an American athletics administrator who is the current director of athletics for the University of Wyoming. He previously served as athletic director for Portland State University, and as associate athletic director for the University of Wyoming. Burman is a graduate of the University of Wyoming and Robert Morris University.

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Wyoming Cowboys bio

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1966 births
Portland State Vikings athletic directors
Wyoming Cowboys and Cowgirls athletic directors

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Matrix Analysis
Org: Man-Duen Choi (Toronto) and Douglas Farenick (Regina)
TSUYOSHI ANDO, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Indefinite Contractions [PDF]
Given a matrix A, define the triple (p-(A),p0(A), p+(A)) as its inertia with respect to the unit circle where p-(A) (resp. p+(A)) is the number of eigenvalues of A inside (resp. outside) the unit disc while p0(A) is the number of eigenvalues on the unit circle.
An invertible Hermitian matrix H gives rise to an (indefinite) inner product. A matrix A is called an H-(strict) contraction (or H-contractive) if H > A* HA. The most interesing case is that H is an involution, H2 = I. We use J for H in such a case.
It is well known that a matrix A is H-contractive for suitable H if and only if p0(A) = 0. Though H is not determined uniquely by A (even up to positive scalar multiple), p-(A) must coincide with the number of positive eigenvalues of H.
If A is J-contractive, so is A* and hence A*A. Therefore A and its modulus |A| º (A*A)1/2 have the same inertia. But this property does not seem sufficient to guarantee J-contractivity of A for a suitable involution J. Other necessary conditions are presented.
If H-contractivity of a matrix A always guarantees that of its adjoint A* then H is necessarily a scalar multiple of an involution.
A characterization is given for a set of matrices coincides with the set of H-contractions for (unknown) H.
PAUL BINDING, University of Calgary
A generalized eigenvalue problem in the max-algebra [PDF]
We consider the generalized eigenvalue problem
AÄx = lBÄx, x ³ 0, x ¹ 0,
where A and B are (entrywise) nonnegative n×n matrices, and the "max" product Ä satisfies
(AÄx)i : = n
m=1
aim xm.
The case B=I has been studied by several authors, and for irreducible (e.g., positive) A there is exactly one eigenvalue l in the above "max" sense.
The generalized problem is different, and for example neither existence nor uniqueness of eigenvalues is guaranteed, even for 2×2 positive matrices A and B. This case can be analysed by graphical methods, but for general n, degree theory turns out to be a more useful tool.
WAI-SHUN CHEUNG, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
A matrix approach to the study of generalised derivatives of polynomials [PDF]
Consider a polynomial p and a generalised derivative q of p. We construct two matrices whose characteristic polynomials are p and q respectively, and use the properties of the two matrices to study the relations between the zeros of p and the zeros of q. This approach is a generalization of the concept of differentiators recently revived by R. Pereira.
MAN-DUEN CHOI, University of Toronto, Department of Mathematics, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2E4
Completely Positive Linear Maps [PDF]
This is a survey talk on the structure of completely positive linear maps, which serve as the natural morphisms in the category of matrix algebras (or operator algebras). It has been well known (for more than 30 years in electrical circuit theory), that completely positive linear maps, rather than positive linear maps, are useful connections for n-port networks. Incredibly, many new features of quantum operations (in recent quantum computing theory) turn out to be old and new structure problems of completely positive linear maps.
SHAUN FALLAT, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2
Compressions of totally positive matrices [PDF]
A matrix is called totally positive if all of its minors are positive. If a matrix A is partitioned as A = (Aij), i,j = 1,2,...,k, in which each block Aij is n ×n, then the k ×k compressed matrix is given by (detAij). It is well-known that if A is positive semidefinite, then the compressed matrix is also positive semidefinite and that the determinant of the compressed matrix is larger than detA. For a totally positive matrix A, we show that the compressed matrix is also totally positive and we verify that the determinant of the compressed matrix exceeds detA when k=2,3. An extension that allows for overlapping blocks is also presented when k=2,3. For k ³ 4 we verify, by example, that the k ×k compressed matrix of a totally positive matrix need not be totally positive.
DOUG FARENICK, University of Regina
Pure matrix states on operator systems [PDF]
An operator system is a complex matricially ordered vector space that is completely order isomorphic to a unital selfadjoint subspace of a unital C*-algebra. A matrix state on an operator system V is a unital completely positive linear map of V into a full matrix algebra. Pure matrix states will be discussed, and a new and somewhat simplified proof of a Krein-Milman-type theorem of Webster and Winkler will be mentioned. If V is 3-dimensional, then the matrix state space of V is matrix-affinely homeomorphic to the matricial range of some Hilbert space operator. With the aid of this representation, pure matrix states on 3-dimensional operator systems are examined-and in some cases completely determined.
PETER GIBSON, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3
Fast iterative Gaussian quadrature [PDF]
We construct a family F of probability distributions on the real line for which iterated Gaussian quadrature, where the number of nodes is approximately doubled at each iteration, is computationally more efficient than usual. For each da in F, the 2n+1-point Gauss rule re-uses all the nodes of the n-point Gauss rule, the 2(2n+1)+1-point rule re-uses the nodes of the 2n+1-point rule, and so on indefinitely. We show that it is possible to construct a distribution of this type for an essentially arbitrary sequence of nodes. This implies, for example, the existence of a distribution supported on [-1,1] whose n-point Gauss rules have evenly spaced nodes, and (equivalently) whose orthogonal polynomials of degree n have evenly spaced zeros, for an unbounded sequence of indices n.
In addition we give an explicit construction for the subclass O F of F for which iteration of Gaussian quadrature re-uses, not only the nodes, but also the weights at each step. The classical distribution Ö{1-x2} dx is derived as a particular example.
RONALD HAYNES, Acadia University
Inverse Positivity of Perturbed M-Matrices [PDF]
A well known property of an M-matrix A is that the inverse is element-wise nonnegative, which we write as A-1 ³ 0. In this paper we consider diagonal perturbations of M-matrices and obtain bounds on the perturbations so that the nonnegative inverse persists.
STEVE KIRKLAND, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan
Conditioning of the Entries in Google's PageRank Vector [PDF]
The internet search engine Google approaches the problem of ranking web pages by computing an estimate of the Perron vector of a certain non-negative matrix associated with the world wide web. That Perron vector, known as the PageRank vector, is then used to rank the importance of the corresponding web pages. In this talk, we discuss the conditioning of the entries in the PageRank vector, and our results in turn lead to error bounds for Google's computed estimate of that vector. Our techniques involve non-negative matrices, generalized inverses, and combinatorial considerations.
IVO KLEMES, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W. # 1005, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6
Alexandrov's inequality and some conjectures on Toeplitz matrices [PDF]
We prove the inequality det(QQ*) £ det(RR*) where Q is a certain Toeplitz matrix associated with the Dirichlet kernel on the unit circle, and R is any matrix of the same size as Q whose entries have modulus ³ 1 on the support of the entries of Q, zero otherwise. This is a special case of a similar problem for all of the elementary symmetric functions; Sk(QQ*) £ Sk(RR*), in the case when R is Toeplitz. The general case is still open. The proof uses Alexandrov's inequality on the polarized determinant (also known as the "mixed discriminant"). There are some connections with totally unimodular matrices, counting of bases modulo p, and Bazin-Reisz-Picquet determinant identities.
DAVID KRIBS, University of Guelph and Institute for Quantum Computing
Passive Quantum Error Correction [PDF]
In this talk, I will discuss some of my recent work on error correction problems in quantum computing. I'll focus on the fundamental passive technique, which involves "decoherence-free subspaces" and "noiseless subsystems". In this method, symmetries within the noise of quantum channels are used to encode initial states in sectors of the system Hilbert space that are immune to the errors of the channel. The underlying mathematics involves completely positive maps and operator algebras.
PETER LANCASTER, University of Calgary
The Boundary of the Pseudo-spectrum [PDF]
This work began with the design of an algorithm (work with P. Psarrakos) to trace the boundary of the pseudo spectrum for matrix poynomials. Here, the objective is to describe the nature of the boundary with respect to diferentiability, multiple points, and perturbations.
This work is in collaboration with P. Psarrakos and L. Boulton.
CHI-KWONG LI, College of William and Mary, Mathematics Department, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
Spectrum preserving maps [PDF]
We will discuss recent results on spectrum preserving maps on matrices and operators, and related problems.
MATJAZ OMLADIC, University of Ljubljana, Dept. of Math., Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Semigroups of matrices satisfying commutator equations [PDF]
Some recently obtained reducibility results for matrix semigroups satisfying certain polynomial relations such as commutator relations will be discussed. For example, we will consider semigroups such that there is a matrix (not necessarily a member of the semigroup) with the property that the commutator with every member of the semigroup is nilpotent.
RAJESH PEREIRA, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
Majorization Relations in the Geometry of Polynomials [PDF]
Majorization (in the sense of Hardy-Littlewood-Polya and Marshall-Olkin) is an important concept in matrix analysis and the theory of inequalities. In this talk, we show how matrix analysis can be used to derive majorization relations between the zeros and the critical points of polynomials. We will examine both recent work in this area as well as applications to classical problems in the geometry of polynomials such as the spans of hyperbolic polynomials and Mahler measure inequalities.
HEYDAR RADJAVI, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
An Approximate Version of Specht's Theorem [PDF]
Specht's theorem states that two complex matrices are unitarily equivalent if and only if all traces of words in two noncommutative letters applied to the pairs (A,A*) and (B,B*) coincide. In joint work with Laurent Marcoux and Mitja Mastnak, we study an approximate version of this trace hypothesis and obtain conditions that allow us to extend this theorem to simultaneous similarity or unitary equivalence of families of operators.
PETER ROSENTHAL, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Equations such as AX + YB = Z in Matrices and Operators [PDF]
Let A and B be square matrices of the same size. It is easily seen that the mapping that sends each pair (X,Y) of square matrices into the matrix AX + YB is onto if and only if at least one of A and B is invertible. The analogue is established for operators on Hilbert space, and partial results are obtained for more general operator equations in several variables.
This is joint work with Don Hadwin and Eric Nordgren.
PETER SEMRL, University of Ljubljana, Dept. of Math., Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana
Maps on matrix spaces [PDF]
Some recently obtained structural results for maps on matrix algebras (or their subsets) having certain algebraic or preserving properties will be presented. For example, we will consider maps on the set of idempotents preserving usual partial order or orthogonality. Connections with physics and geometry will be disscused.
MICHAEL TSATSOMEROS, Washington State University, Mathematics, Pullman, WA 99164-3113, USA
The Principal Minor Assignment Problem [PDF]
We will consider the following inverse problem: [PMAP] Find, if possible, an n×n matrix A having prescribed principal minors. We will discuss conditions for the solvability of PMAP, an algorithm to compute a solution, and consequences in classical problems.
Copyright © Canadian Mathematical Society - Société mathématique du Canada.
Any comments or suggestions should be sent to - Commentaires ou suggestions envoyé à: eo@cms.math.ca.


WORLDWIDE Chapter 149 Message Board :: View topic - San Diego regional report--a must read!
WORLDWIDE Chapter 149 Message Board Forum Index » Headlines, Headlines » San Diego regional report--a must read!
Important and TO THE POINT report on the San Diego Regional which occurred this weekend.
Members, this is posted in the members' private section under Chapter 149 Private Forum.
The nawcc needs to address the PROBLEM NOW if it ever hopes to increase membership or mart participation/activities. It has been brought up now for 30+ years; THIS NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED AND CORRECTED.
As predicted by this writer for decades, mart monies are going to auctions and eBay. THIS HAS REDIRECTED HOROLOGISTS and BUYERS AWAY FROM MARTS. Once the goods leave, so do the buyers--this is fact that has been occurring for well over 20 years as mart activities continue to decline.
INCREASE MART ACTIVITY--allow the OUTSIDERS INSIDE.


text:
More Googlism Poetry
John Nova Lomax April 30, 2008 9:42AM
Back in January, I plugged the names of Houston musicians into the endlessly amusing but mostly pointless site Googlism and generated a few poems composed entirely of the collective conventional wisdom of the web. (Read the results here.)
This time, it's the turn of Kenny Rogers, King's X and Mickey Gilley....
Kenny Rogers is not only a great singer Kenny Rogers is an American icon Kenny Rogers is a legend in country music Kenny Rogers is a genius Kenny Rogers is such a super performer
Kenny Rogers is a damn good signer and needs to be reviewed by a person that knows and loves music not by some idiot like you
Kenny Rogers is a warm and caring man and friend who gave me instant credibility as a songwriter… Kenny Rogers is one sexy fella Kenny Rogers is trying to parlay a hit song and its eponymous persona into a winner in the US $550 billion Kenny Rogers is fabulously wealthy now Kenny Rogers is still working hard to continue that
Kenny Rogers is a modern renaissance man Kenny Rogers is going to keep the ball on the ground Kenny Rogers is expected to decide today whether he will approve a trade to the Reds Kenny Rogers is delightful in this charming little film Kenny Rogers is down enough with hip hop to lend his voice to a cut Kenny Rogers is a stock car racer who "adopts" kids that he caught stripping his car
Kenny Rogers is made possible in part thanks to the generous donations of the IU Auditorium's season sponsors
MICKEY GILLEY
Mickey Gilley is wowing audiences with his honky Mickey Gilley is still wowing audiences with his honky Mickey Gilley is planning a sequel to his honky
Mickey Gilley is a homo Mickey Gilley is being sued for sexual harassment by a woman whose custodial service used to clean his theater in Branson Mickey Gilley is expected to attend that one
Mickey Gilley is one of country music's perennial favorites Mickey Gilley is the shining light of Branson Mickey Gilley is a true legend and will take his place amongst the stars such as Jerry Lee Lewis and other great country music stars Mickey Gilley is the least we can do in exchange for stealing away their land
King's X is a power trio from Katy King's X is a band of considerable paradox in both music and message King's X is a particularly interesting metal band King's X is not a Christian band
King's X is a lot like Rush King's X is some sort of a Rush clone King's X is a rather heavy band but I wouldn't like to cal it heavy metal or hard rock King's X is not prog King's X is a band of interest to proggers King's X is best described as soul metal King's X is an analgesic creme in a 4 ounce jar King's X is used by children King's X is applied to the elbow King's X is used only in times of accident or emergency King's X is touring with legendary rocker ronnie james dio
-- JNL
John Nova Lomax
Contact: John Nova Lomax
After Illness and Loss, Blues Guitarist Ana Popović Emerges with Power
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text:
Lunch on a Pirate Ship
By Caryl Hart
Illustrated by Kristina Stephenson
Come with Jack on a quest for the perfect lunch - you never know who you might meet!
Jack doesn't want to eat his boring old lunch. He'd rather have lunch on a pirate ship! But what do pirates actually eat?? Rotten fish stew – eeuuuwwww! And so begins a rollicking, imaginative adventure over sea, through caves and into the lair of a troll before Jack decides that actually Mum's cooking is pretty good after all.
Crisp, characterful illustrations from Kristina Stephenson, creator of the best-selling Sir Charlie Stinky Socks series, complement this energetic, rhyming text by Caryl Hart.
Perfect for fussy eaters, people who are too busy playing to come in for tea, and anyone who's ever eyed their dinner with suspicion.
Caryl Hart
Caryl Hart is a full-time children's author, who also runs creative events and workshops at schools, libraries and festivals. When she's not writing, Caryl can be found at her local gym, hiking in the hills of the Peak District with her dog, or drinking tea in a nearby cafe. Her favourite place is the library because its nice and warm and full of books. She lives in Sheffield, UK with her family.
For more information and activities visit: www.carylhart.com
Kristina Stephenson
KRISTINA STEPHENSON has illustrated a number of picture books. Originally trained as a set and costume designer, she worked in television and theater before turning her attention to illustration. She lives in Salisbury, England with her husband and two children.
Publisher: Simon & Schuster Children's UK (July 5, 2018)
Ages: 2 - 99
Baby - Age 3
Age 12 and Up
Children's Fiction > General
Book Cover Image (jpg): Lunch on a Pirate Ship
Author Photo (jpg): Caryl Hart
More books from this author: Caryl Hart
See more by Caryl Hart
More books from this illustrator: Kristina Stephenson


Skedco » Rescue Industry News » Annual VPPPA Conference in Texas 2015!
Annual VPPPA Conference in Texas 2015!
Last year Skedco exhibited for the first time at the VPPPA Conference in Maryland. in 2015 the show will be at the Gaylord Texan Hotel and Convention Center in Grapevine, TX August 24-27. More than 2,000 safety and health experts from 400 different industries are expected to attend. The Voluntary Protection Programs Participants' Association, Inc. (VPPPA), is a nonprofit association of cooperative safety and health management systems. It organizes the largest VPP education event of the year, and promotes occupational health and safety. VPP is a Voluntary Protection Program within OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Work sites who demonstrate the highest quality safety and health programs and track record are awarded the OSHA VPP Star, the nation's highest safety and heath award.


Travel around Poland's picturesque capital city by booking a limousine service in Warsaw with Sixt mydriver. With this service, you'll be driven by a chauffeur in a premium limousine vehicle. Our fleet includes limousines by manufacturers such as Mercedes, BMW, and Audi, enabling you to make an impression as you ride around the city in comfort. Book your limousine service and you can be taken to wherever in Warsaw you need to be, be it your business meeting, hotel, or the city centre. This VIP transportation service will ensure you will arrive at your destination in Warsaw on time and in comfort. Don't struggle with public transport or local taxi services when you've landed at Warsaw Chopin Airport; book your limousine and travel into the city the right way. Whether you're visiting for business or leisure, this service from Sixt mydriver is the luxury yet affordable way to travel around Warsaw. Choose from one of our packages and rest easy knowing your transport needs have been taken care of.
Travel in style from to and from Warsaw Chopin Airport with a limousine or, if travelling in a group, a minibus. Send us your flight details and we'll make sure we're there for when you land, even if you're delayed. The fixed price cost means there are no additional charges for this service or for any other delays due to traffic. Customer service is our main priority, and we aim to make sure your travel plans go off without a hitch. You'll be helped with your bags and we also have a 24/7 customer service team available in several languages. If your plans change, you'll also be able to cancel your booking without charge up to one hour before the service was due to commence. Book your vehicle in Warsaw in just a few simple steps either on the web or through our smartphone app.


text:
Written by Jamie LeClaire
Images by Momotaro & Healthline
This month for Between The Sheets, we had the pleasure of talking with Cameron Glover (@BlkGrlManifest on social) Black queer writer, sexuality educator, and consultant. Beginning as a freelance writer, Cameron has written pieces featured in Bitch Media, Greatist, Playboy, Healthline, and Slate. She has since become a changemaker in the sexuality field, having developed a growing social media presence, and a plethora of resources for aspiring freelancers (educators, coaches, therapists, and writers) in the field.
Cameron is also the host of the formidable podcast, Sex Ed In Color, where she has insightful, galvanizing conversations with other sexuality professionals about sex and pleasure, from the unique perspectives of people and communities of color. Read Cameron's thoughts on centering racial justice in her work, the role of white supremacy in imposter syndrome and narratives around self-care, and navigating social media marketing when her content under attack by the algorithms.
Hi Cameron! Can you tell us a little bit about yourself?
My name is Cameron, and my pronouns are she/her. I'm a Black queer femme writer-turned-sex educator and provide services that help other sexuality professionals authentically market their expertise online. Along with my work in consulting and writing, I'm also the host of the Sex Ed in Color podcast. As I like to say, I'm a very busy Millennial.
As you discuss in your podcast, Sex Ed in Color, sex education is a racial justice issue. How does that continue to inform your work, writing, and how you show up in sexuality education spaces?
I believe that this is one of the focal points of my work. As a Black femme, I can't escape the ways that race informs my worldview and experiences. But at the same time, it's important to acknowledge and centralize how everything is a racial justice issue. Despite this, so much of the sexuality space actively pushes against this through erasure and avoidance.
I don't hide or apologize for how this is centralized in my work, but I also look for ways to lead by action example for this. For example, my default when writing — even if the piece isn't exclusively on race — is to prioritize Black and non-Black sources and encourage other writers to diversify their sources as well. For Sex Ed in Color, I make it clear in each episode who is being centralized in the show, and when I give workshops or speak publicly, I make it a point to state who I am and who my work is for. To be clear, white audiences still consume my work and are a notable part of my online communities, but being able to state clearly who my work is for makes the difference.
So much of your work inherently involves being active on social media platforms. What have you noticed to be some of the pros and cons of utilizing social media as a sexuality professional?
Definitely! As a sexuality professional, we're under much more scrutiny on these platforms than other folks — and a lot of this comes from a lack of understanding of what it is we do. Facebook and Instagram, in particular, have been called out for their algorithm targeting of sexuality professionals: shadowbanning, restricting activity and deleting accounts without prompt or explanation.
At the same time, social media still remains one of the biggest sources of traffic and visibility for all industries, including the sexuality field. People are hungry for sex education that speaks to them, and social media creates the best way to date in cultivating that community with our audiences. But I do have to be mindful on the backend that I'm not putting all of my eggs in one basket. By that I mean, I don't have the luxury of being reliant on one social media channel for traffic nor can I utilize the same popularized business tools, like Facebook ads (since most advertisers won't allow sexuality professionals to advertise for their services).
I'm sure you've had so many incredible conversations through your podcast, Sex Ed In Color, but what conversation has been the most illuminating OR has just been on your mind a lot recently?
This is a hard one, but two are immediately coming to mind. Last February, I talked with Rooster, a porn performer, lighting tech, and advocate for ethical porn. It was such an illuminating conversation that I still go back to because I learned so much from them about being on set for porn but also the ways that porn performers and other sex workers are sexuality professionals, and how civilians in the field need to do way better at making space for them. [Read Rooster's story here: https://www.hellorooster.club/activism/]
The second conversation was one I had earlier in September with Sex-Positive Families' creator, Melissa Carnagey. There was a lot that they shared in the conversation but what stood out most to me was towards the end, when Melissa shares their thoughts about imposter's syndrome that has transformed my own relationship with it. "Imposter's Syndrome is a product of white supremacy," they said. "And so, I'm no longer in a place where I give in to that or believe in that. I know that I belong here, so it's just a matter of what am I going to do while I'm here."
What does self-care mean to you? How do you incorporate self-care into your life?
Self-care, to me, is a transformative call for accountability. It's about asking myself, How do I want to be cared for at this moment? I think about how self-care has been gentrified by capitalism, and at the root of it, self-care has been removed from the internalization of change. I enjoy doing face masks and taking baths, but it's not just about the act of doing it to seem like I'm being ~luxurious~ but because these are actions that force me to go inward, take a moment to slow down, even.
I read somewhere that self-care is doing a mix of things that challenge you and comfort you, so for me, that means self-care takes so many forms. It's making a monthly budget and sticking to it, checking my bank account balances every day, flossing.. all of the things that I may not want to do but I know are ultimately good for me long-term. Coupled with the things that I need when I'm emotionally low — making some of my favorite tea or asking my partner to do it for me, giving myself a scalp massage, cooking — self-care encourages us to be our best selves.
There's an important discussion to be had about the focus on self-care within health & wellness spaces, and the neglect of the importance and necessity of community care. Do you have any thoughts to share on this?
I wrote a piece for ZORA by Medium on this idea of who heals the healers; how do people who are healers by profession center their own self-care? The responses were amazing, and something that stood out to me was how community care was centralized in that by my sources. Healing can't be done completely independently; we need a support system for it to be executed to its fullest potential. I'm reminding myself of this as a sexuality professional as well, in reaching out more to my colleagues and genuinely asking, How can I best support you?
What or who is inspiring you right now, professionally, personally, sexually?
I'm reading more nonfiction again, which has me exploding with ideas at the moment. adrienne marie brown always inspires me — I've read Pleasure Activism and am currently reading Emergent Strategy and it's so good. Audre Lorde, Octavia Butler, Zora Neale Hurston are also classic authors I always go back to when I need to feel something. I'm also inspired by folks that are creating the things that they want to see in the world: as a tattooed Black person, I love seeing everything that Ink The Diaspora is doing highlighting Black tattooers and the diversity in their work. The team at Wear Your Voice Magazine. So many folks.
I'm also so inspired by the work that other sex educators of color are doing: Ev'Yan Whitney, Kevin Patterson, Sonalee Rashatwar, Shanae Adams, Afrosexology. I'm really inspired by sexuality professionals that are creating their own lanes within the field — spinning the expectation of what it means to be a sexuality professional on its head — and folks that are able to have a good balance of prioritizing their personal pleasure alongside the healing that they facilitate for others.
Any favorite picks from the shop?
I'm really excited to get my hands on the Luzarte Polka Dot Jollet. I'm also really into the Glass Wand and the Silk Restraints.
You can find out more about Cameron by visiting her Instagram and Twitter, and reading her notable selected past work. Listen to past episodes of Sex Ed in Color featuring some incredible guests and perspectives. Browse her e-book offerings here.
Cameron's Picks:
Jamie J. LeClaire (they/them) is a freelance writer and sex educator living with chronic illness. Their work and writing focus on sexual health and wellness, queer and trans identity, body politics, nonmonogamy and more. You can find out more about them and their coaching, speaking, and workshop offerings on their website or follow them on Instagram at @JamieJLeClaire.
How To Gift a Sex Toy + Gift Suggestions


emotional connection between the viewer and the story by enabling viewers to see the human impact and hear directly from those affected. Takruri has traveled the globe many times over, reporting from the West Bank, the Korean DMZ, South Africa, Spain, Standing Rock, Black Lives Matter protests, the DNC and RNC, AIPAC's annual policy conference, and Michigan during the Flint water crisis, just to name a few.
It was during her time at MAAS that Takruri got her start in journalism as co-host of "ART America," a show produced by an Arab satellite channel and hosted by young Arab-Americans. After graduating from MAAS in 2008, she was hired by Al Jazeera Arabic to produce "Min [From] Washington," a live show on current affairs, which she did for four years. Takruri then moved to New York to work with HuffPost Live before joining AJ+ in 2013.
Takruri dedicated the award to the people whose stories she has had the "immense privilege and responsibility" to tell. "I am just the messenger," she said.
Tithi Patel is a senior at Georgetown University, majoring in International Economics.


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If there's one thing writers are known for, it's writing, rarely style and hardly fashion. We often talk about their new book, what they write, how they write, but rarely does discussing what they look like come up….
Half the time at LFDW, the fashion is on the streets, maybe not as crafty or elaborate as what is being churned down the runway, but very much as anticipated.
It was a very interesting show down on Orange Culture's instagram three days ago, as individuals contended for the grand price of an 'adire shirt' off the rack from one of Nigeria's favorite designer… 'Orange culture'….


Lifetree Café is a weekly, hour-long interactive experience that features real people's real stories on film, guided conversation, biblical insights, and time to build relationships. Lifetree Café tackles the topics that most people deal with—topics about the big (and little) stuff that shapes our lives. Family. Friends. Fears. Busyness. Balance. Money. Materialism. Health. Heaven. Peace. Purpose. Lifetree Café is a place where rich conversation is served up every week. At Lifetree Café you're encouraged to share your own stories and listen to others. But if you don't feel like talking, that's okay, too. You're welcome just as you are. Lifetree Café discussion groups are hosted in a variety of venues, such as coffeehouses, cafés, pubs, restaurants, community centers, and churches.
Messy Church started in 2004 in the UK with a simple question: "How can our small church reach the many families in our community?" Messy Church was created for those outside the church, and became church for them, not a stepping stone to Sunday morning church. Messy Church is church for families who may not find other forms of church appealing and who don't yet belong to a church. The key values which define Messy Church are Christ-centeredness, creativity, and joyful celebration in a spirit of generous, inclusive hospitality. Messy Church tries to focus on people as they are and form relationships with whole families, no strings attached.
A short but explicit time of worship with story, music and prayers that builds on the creative exploration that has already occurred.
A generous welcome and hospitality is expressed through an invitation to share a delicious home-cooked, sit-down meal with others.
St. Lydia's is a Dinner Church in Brooklyn. They share a sacred meal every Sunday and Monday night. During the week, we host a co-working space.
Missional faith formation provides pathways for people to consider or reconsider the Christian faith, to encounter Jesus and the good news, and to live as disciples in a supportive faith community. Missional faith formation guides people as they move from discovery to exploration to commitment.
The website provides curated knowledge, approaches, strategies, and resources to reach out to those who have never heard the gospel proclaimed, to re-engage those who have lost a living faith in their daily lives, and to those who are faithful and need to be renewed with increased catechesis.
Step One. Church Leader's Study: Unbinding the Gospel. Designed for pastors, key congregational leaders and evangelism teams Unbinding the Gospel helps committed leaders deepen and start sharing their own faith, understand their cultural context, and begin to plan for authentic congregational faith-sharing. It works best as a seven- to ten-week small group study. Each chapter concludes with questions, scripture suggestions and group exercises.
Step Two: All-Church Saturation Study: Unbinding Your Heart: Forty Days of Prayer & Faith Sharing. This is a six-week, churchwide , small group E-vent! that can be conducted during Lent, summer or fall study for all established classes and small groups, and new ones formed just for the E-vent. The purpose of an all-congregation is to help people strengthen their own faith and to learn to talk about it with each other first, and then others outside the community. Each week, for forty days, people will (1) pray each day's scripture and prayer exercise and work with a prayer partner; (2) study a chapter of the book with their small group, and (3) worship with sermons, music, and prayers centered on the week's chapter. Unbinding Your Heart enriches the church's community life. It helps individuals risk face-to-face encounters with God. The entire congregation begins to talk about their faith. The E-vent creates momentum in the church.
Reese, Martha Grace. Unbinding the Gospel: Real LifeEvangelism. Saint Louis: Chalice, 2006.
Reese, Martha Grace. Unbinding Your Heart: Forty Days of Prayer and Faith Sharing. Saint Louis: Chalice, 2008.
Reese, Martha Grace. Unbinding Your Church. Saint Louis: Chalice, 2008.
Reese, Martha Grace. Unbinding Your Soul: Your Experiment in Prayer and Community. Saint Louis: Chalice, 2009.


text:
Q: Read JSON file with JSONParser not available in the jarfile I am trying to read a json file and convert it to the jsonObject and when I searched on how to do it, I came across the method to user
JSONParser parser= new JSONParse();

But the version of org.json I am using in the code is "20180803". It does not contain JSONParser. Has it been removed from the org.json package? If so what is the new class or method that I could use to read a json file and convert it to a json object.
My dependency is given below :
       <dependency>
            <groupId>org.json</groupId>
            <artifactId>json</artifactId>
            <version>20180813</version>
        </dependency>

A: Hi you can use simple JSON.  You just need to add in your pom.xml file:
<dependency>
        <groupId>com.googlecode.json-simple</groupId>
        <artifactId>json-simple</artifactId>
</dependency>

Sample code
public static JSONObject convertJsonStingToJson(String jsonString) {
    JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
    return  json = (JSONObject) parser.parse(jsonString);
}

A: org.json library has very simple API which does not have JSONParser but has JSONTokener. We can construct JSONObject or JSONArray directly from String:
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class JsonApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // JSON Object
        String object = "{\"p1\":\"v1\", \"p2\":2}";
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(object);
        System.out.println(jsonObject);

        // JSON Array
        String array = "[{\"p1\":\"v1\", \"p2\":2}]";
        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(array);
        System.out.println(jsonArray);
    }
}

Above code prints:
{"p1":"v1", "p2":2}
[{"p1":"v1","p2":2}]

You need to notice that it depends from JSON payload which class to use: if JSON starts from { use JSONObject, if from [ - use JSONArray. In other case JSON payload is invalid.
As it mentioned in other answers, if you can you should definitely use Jackson or Gson

A: The short answer to your question is: No, it was not removed, because it never existed.
I think you are mentioning a library, and trying to use another one. Anyway, if you really want to use org.json, you can find how here
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(instanceOfClass1);
String myJson = jsonObject.toString();

A: Add following dependency in build file
//json processing
implementation("com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.9.8")
implementation("com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.9.8")
implementation("com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.9.8")

a.json file
{
  "a": "b"
}

code:
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class App {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        InputStream input = new FileInputStream("a.json");
        JsonNode obj =  objectMapper.readTree(input);
        System.out.println(obj.get("a")); // "b"
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Party like it's 2009: Yellowstone County aiming for more volleyball titles
By: Casey Conlon
BOZEMAN – It feels like 2009 Friday at the Montana State Volleyball tournaments.
Nine years ago, Billings West, Billings Central, and Huntley Project all brought state titles back to Yellowstone County, after each won the undefeated semifinal on Friday night. All three are back in 2018 – West, for the first time since that championship.
"In the last interview, we said we haven't even peaked yet," said West senior Madeline Dawson. "I think we're peaking now."
The Golden Bears picked a good time to play their best match of the season in Thursday's quarterfinal against Helena High. Not only did they have to come back from a game down, they had to rally from a 6-2 fifth set deficit to beat the No. 2 team in the state.
"I think that was a really big step for us, being able to finish that fifth game, because that's something that we've struggled with," said West head coach Monica Grimsrud. "We usually beat teams in three or four. We make it to that fifth set, and that's something we've struggled with."
"Just to be able to ride it out and pull that out mentally, not even physically, was huge for us," agreed Dawson. "To realize we can do this."
The celebration was epic, but short-lived. Now. West gets the No. 1 team in the state in Helena Capital, and the Bears are ready.
"They know that Capital is good," said Grimsrud, "but so are we."
Central knows what it takes to win in the semis – they did it just last year on their way to the State A title – and they showed that championship poise last night against the West's top seed Corvallis.
"We're a really mentally tough team," said senior Blayne Meyer. "I have so much faith in my teammates. I wasn't surprised when we came back."
They did it with defense – 14 blocks in four games.
"Defense first, always," Meyer said. "If you're not going to play defense, then you might as well not play."
"They have some really good hitters on their team," said middle blocker Cindy Gray, who led the team with seven blocks herself, "and it helped us to work harder and be able to be more consistent in our blocks."
"I always tell all those front row people that they're such threats," Meyer said, "and they need to be a threat."
The Rams face their biggest threat tonight. Belgrade is 4-0 against them this year. Do you think Central wants Round 5? This was Meyer before she knew Belgrade won their quarterfinal.
"We know we'll get another shot at them, and I can't wait to play them again."
Huntley Project meanwhile was back to its dominant self in the quarters, beating Fairfield in about 45 minutes. They get Florence-Carlton in the semis, who have already beaten Joliet and Roundup. They'll look to make it three-for-three against the Southern B.


This ceramic skull sugar bowl and cream pitcher set is the best way to add a little creepiness to your kitchen counter or tea party. This gloss black creepy skull cream and sugar bowl set is made for fun, what better way to add a special touch to any party or Halloween setting.
This set is made to order and will ship upon completion. Please note the make ready time needed.
• The black smooth surface has just the right look and touch for that special effect.
• The skull is jet black and a perfect piece for a little more creepiness.
Included with this set is a ceramic black gloss skull spoon rest and a stainless steel spoon with skulls designed on the handle. The ceramic skull spoon rest measures approximately 4 inches x 4 inches.
This set of skull ware cream pitcher and sugar bowl set is made of domestic ceramic earthenware, it is slip cast from a ceramic mold and each piece is hand altered before it is kiln fired. The skulls are finished in a glossy black non-toxic lead free glaze on the inside and outside so they are dishwasher safe and people friendly.
This set includes 1 skull sugar bowl, 1 skull cream pitcher and 1 skull tea bag holder/small spoon rest in black plus 1 stainless steel skull pattern teaspoon.


One of the first accessories many people buy after getting a camera is a tripod, and most of those are the all-in-one kind with three legs on the bottom, and a top part called a head�... CHANGE IN SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL DRESSCODE TO MEET RELIGIOUS TENETS OF STUDENTS. The Dresscode at Sacred Heart Catholic High School (Fenham, Newcastle Upon Tyne) does not permit the majority of Muslim Students who have voiced concerns in regards to dresscode to adopt the Hijab.We need your support to highlight this issue & bring about change!
CHANGE IN SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL DRESSCODE TO MEET RELIGIOUS TENETS OF STUDENTS. The Dresscode at Sacred Heart Catholic High School (Fenham, Newcastle Upon Tyne) does not permit the majority of Muslim Students who have voiced concerns in regards to dresscode to adopt the Hijab.We need your support to highlight this issue & bring about change!
It makes school life more convenient for both families, giving us more time to assist with reading rosters, attend assemblies etc. A small point perhaps, but I feel it is one worth mentioning. A small point perhaps, but I feel it is one worth mentioning.
31/10/2012�� I do wonder what qualities head girl and boy have, which made them so amazing in every aspect of school life! I am so glad that our school doesn�t have an election process where all the popular girls and boys compete with each other to get to this position and the quieter students who have great leadership skills get left behind.
Transforming a school is a long, hard, and often lonely task. Some people want change, others don�t, and some simply aren�t prepared to wait for results to show.
How do I write a letter to the headmistress of a school to request the change of a school bus?


When you are handling photo images for big format poster layout, it is not essential that you will certainly bear high benefit from it. It depends upon the high quality of the picture as well as printing process. If the resolution of the image did not fit or ink made use of in printing is not of top quality will certainly cause negative top quality print design. Understand as well as sneak peek your layout. Make judgment while taking review of it. It is necessary that your design needs to be appealing and also relieve the eyes of your customer. Adding to this you have to watch the high quality of the print resolution. If you are pleased with the results after that it is OKAY or else tells the problem regarding the layout to your designer, so that he could create it once more inning accordance with your choice.
Use proper and high mutilated photos. If the pixels of the images are reduced, then the print of the photo will certainly not be clearly published as well as it will make your style hideous. Avoid lingo in your appearances. Lingos are those pointless words that one must avoid in creating in message. Text as well as lines is vague if you utilize vocabulary and your viewers will be not able to understand the message you wish to communicate with your poster design. So make use of easy as well as proper appearances to acquire even more numbers of clients. Never ever use low resolution structures. Use well fit typefaces that could match with your style of the poster, to make sure that it will certainly make your poster legible.
Despite using lower resolution, choose greater resolution prints. Resolution could be a comparative term, but you should maintain this in mind- having some added pixels, best dimension as well as fonts can gives you ideal print style. Large layout print on your ポスターデザイン will certainly be handy in gaining interest from ranges; however you can't obtain this point from little layout print. Scale the needed image to the actual print facet. It will offer you the ideal outcome of vibrant photo. If your style has to resize then go with interpolation. It is a procedure that makes a lot more pixels by just replicating the information as well as realities from various other pixels. It reduces the uneven edges in resized pictures. Such posters are commonly waterproof, durable as well as can choose interior and also outdoor exhibitions also. These are fade-resistant as all they are well coated with UV shielded layer that helps to preserve its dynamic looks. Whether it is greatly raining outdoors or heat outside – your poster would not go to quit working.


text:
Bryan Cranston stars in the first trailer for Trumbo
By George Wales 13 August 2015
The first trailer has appeared online for Trumbo, Jay Roach's comedy drama about renowned 1940s screenwriter Douglas Trumbo (Bryan Cranston), who famously refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee, and was subsequently blacklisted from Hollywood as a result.
Not that Trumbo was about to go quietly, however, settling on the risky course of producing his screenplays under an array of pseudonyms, racking up Academy Award-winning work on Roman Holiday and The Brave One into the bargain. Take that, The Man!
Check out the new trailer, below…
It's a cracking story, and Cranston seems the perfect choice to balance the humour and intensity of the title role. Throw in an ace supporting cast including the likes of Louis C.K., Helen Mirren, Diane Lane and John Goodman, and awards could well be in the offing… Directed by Roach, Trumbo will open in the US on November 6 2015 and the UK on January 22 2016.