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text:
package org.apache.flink.runtime.operators.coordination;

import org.apache.flink.runtime.jobgraph.OperatorID;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.Collections;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator}.
 */
public class RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinatorTest {
	private static final OperatorID OPERATOR_ID = new OperatorID(1234L, 5678L);
	private static final int NUM_SUBTASKS = 1;

	@Test
	public void testQuiesceableContextNotQuiesced() throws TaskNotRunningException {
		MockOperatorCoordinatorContext context = new MockOperatorCoordinatorContext(OPERATOR_ID, NUM_SUBTASKS);
		RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator.QuiesceableContext quiesceableContext =
				new RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator.QuiesceableContext(context);

		TestingEvent event = new TestingEvent();
		quiesceableContext.sendEvent(event, 0);
		quiesceableContext.failJob(new Exception());

		assertEquals(OPERATOR_ID, quiesceableContext.getOperatorId());
		assertEquals(NUM_SUBTASKS, quiesceableContext.currentParallelism());
		assertEquals(Collections.singletonList(event), context.getEventsToOperatorBySubtaskId(0));
		assertTrue(context.isJobFailed());
	}

	@Test
	public void testQuiescedContext() throws TaskNotRunningException {
		MockOperatorCoordinatorContext context = new MockOperatorCoordinatorContext(OPERATOR_ID, NUM_SUBTASKS);
		RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator.QuiesceableContext quiesceableContext =
				new RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator.QuiesceableContext(context);

		quiesceableContext.quiesce();
		quiesceableContext.sendEvent(new TestingEvent(), 0);
		quiesceableContext.failJob(new Exception());

		assertEquals(OPERATOR_ID, quiesceableContext.getOperatorId());
		assertEquals(NUM_SUBTASKS, quiesceableContext.currentParallelism());
		assertTrue(context.getEventsToOperator().isEmpty());
		assertFalse(context.isJobFailed());
	}

	@Test
	public void testResetToCheckpoint() throws Exception {
		TestingCoordinatorProvider provider = new TestingCoordinatorProvider();
		MockOperatorCoordinatorContext context = new MockOperatorCoordinatorContext(OPERATOR_ID, NUM_SUBTASKS);
		RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator coordinator = createCoordinator(provider, context);

		RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator.QuiesceableContext contextBeforeReset = coordinator.getQuiesceableContext();
		TestingOperatorCoordinator internalCoordinatorBeforeReset = getInternalCoordinator(coordinator);

		byte[] stateToRestore = new byte[0];
		coordinator.resetToCheckpoint(stateToRestore);

		assertTrue(contextBeforeReset.isQuiesced());
		assertNull(internalCoordinatorBeforeReset.getLastRestoredCheckpointState());

		TestingOperatorCoordinator internalCoordinatorAfterReset = getInternalCoordinator(coordinator);
		assertEquals(stateToRestore, internalCoordinatorAfterReset.getLastRestoredCheckpointState());
	}

	// ---------------

	private RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator createCoordinator(
			TestingCoordinatorProvider provider,
			OperatorCoordinator.Context context) {
		return (RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator) provider.create(context);
	}

	private TestingOperatorCoordinator getInternalCoordinator(RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator coordinator) {
		return (TestingOperatorCoordinator) coordinator.getInternalCoordinator();
	}

	// ---------------

	private static class TestingCoordinatorProvider extends RecreateOnResetOperatorCoordinator.Provider {
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 4184184580789587013L;

		public TestingCoordinatorProvider() {
			super(OPERATOR_ID);
		}

		@Override
		protected OperatorCoordinator getCoordinator(OperatorCoordinator.Context context) {
			return new TestingOperatorCoordinator(context);
		}
	}

	private static class TestingEvent implements OperatorEvent {
		private static final long serialVersionUID = -3289352911927668275L;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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You may have heard about Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon before. In fact, you probably learned about it for the first time very recently. If not, then you just might hear about it again very soon. Baader-Meinhof is the phenomenon where one happens upon some obscure piece of information - often an unfamiliar word or name - and soon afterwards encounters the same subject again, often repeatedly. Anytime the phrase "That's so weird, I just heard about that the other day" would be appropriate, the utterer is hip-deep in Baader-Meinhof.
Most people seem to have experienced the phenomenon at least a few times in their lives, and many people encounter it with such regularity that they anticipate it upon the introduction of new information. But what is the underlying cause? Is there some hidden meaning behind Baader-Meinhof events?
The phenomenon bears some similarity to synchronicity, which is the experience of having a highly meaningful coincidence... such as having someone telephone you while you are thinking about them. Both phenomena invoke a feeling of mild surprise, and cause one to ponder the odds of such an intersection. Both smack of destiny, as though the events were supposed to occur in just that arrangement... as though we're witnessing yet another domino tip over in a chain of dominoes beyond our reckoning.
Despite science's cries that a world as complex as ours invites frequent coincidences, observation tells us that such an explanation is inadequate. Observation shows us that Baader-Meinhof strikes with blurring accuracy, and too frequently to be explained away so easily. But over the centuries, observation has also shown us that observation itself is highly flawed, and not to be trusted.
The reason for this is our brains' prejudice towards patterns. Our brains are fantastic pattern recognition engines, a characteristic which is highly useful for learning, but it does cause the brain to lend excessive importance to unremarkable events. Considering how many words, names, and ideas a person is exposed to in any given day, it is unsurprising that we sometimes encounter the same information again within a short time. When that occasional intersection occurs, the brain promotes the information because the two instances make up the beginnings of a sequence. What we fail to notice is the hundreds or thousands of pieces of information which aren't repeated, because they do not conform to an interesting pattern. This tendency to ignore the "uninteresting" data is an example of selective attention.
In point of fact, coincidences themselves are usually just an artifact of perception. We humans tend to underestimate the probability of coinciding events, so our expectations are at odds with reality. And non-coincidental events do not grab our attention with anywhere near the same intensity, because coincidences are patterns, and the brain actually stimulates us for successfully detecting patterns... hence their inflated value. In short, patterns are habit-forming.
But when we hear a word or name which we just learned the previous day, it often feels like more than a mere coincidence. This is because Baader-Meinhof is amplified by the recency effect, a cognitive bias that inflates the importance of recent stimuli or observations. This increases the chances of being more aware of the subject when we encounter it again in the near future.
How the phenomenon came to be known as "Baader-Meinhof" is uncertain. It seems likely that some individual learned of the existence of the historic German urban guerrilla group which went by that name, and then heard the name again soon afterwards. This plucky wordsmith may then have named the phenomenon after the very subject which triggered it. But it is certainly a mouthful; a shorter name might have more hope of penetrating the lexicon.
However it came to be known by such a name, it is clear that Baader-Meinhof is yet another charming fantasy whose magic is diluted by stick-in-the-mud science and its sinister cohort: facts. But if you've never heard of the phenomenon before, be sure to watch for it in the next few days... brain stimulation is nice.


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text:
Presidential Tasks
Interview by Elizabeth Vietor
Among the student jobs at Hillsdale, working at the President's Office is one of the lesser-discussed. Student workers make it into the President's Office in one of three ways: as a Churchill Fellow, a George Washington Fellow—both of these groups work on specially assigned projects—or as a general office worker who performs various tasks to keep the office running. Joseph Toates, a Churchill Fellow, is one of twelve students who works on the Churchill Project, the effort to produce a definitive biography of Winston Churchill in 23 volumes. Dr. Arnn took up the project from Sir Martin Gilbert in 2004, and it has been Hillsdale's goal since then to complete it. Madison Moore, who works as the executive assistant to the president, was a general student worker in the office until she graduated, and now works full-time in her current role.
Describe a typical day at work.
Joe: The Churchill project started in 1965 and just ended last year. My work consists primarily of footnoting, indexing, proofreading, and transcribing research for all the documents. During my time, I've worked on volumes 19-23, and there are 23 volumes total. Now that all the volumes are published, we're doing preliminary work for future projects and working on the Churchill website, which offers an overview of the project, a timeline, a sample of each volume of the biography, and selected art and articles that relate to Churchill.
Madi: As a student, I was a general President's Office worker. My office work consisted mainly of writing and editing, which suited my English major. I worked there sophomore and junior year, but senior year I was on WHIP and could only work for the beginning of my last semester.
Now, my official title is Executive Assistant to the President. Essentially, I make his job easier by organizing travel, logistics, events, senior dinners, and Broadlawn functions. I am the funnel through which Dr. Arnn communicates with the rest of the staff: basically the go-to person for administrative tasks that involve the president.
What is the hardest part of your job?
Joe: The attention to detail and constant pressure can be hard. Since this was a published biography, there was a demand for accuracy and high standards. At the same time, though, I felt a good deal of personal ownership over the project. Now that it's published, I can go into the volumes and find footnotes that I wrote. And my name is in the acknowledgments in the front!
Madi: It can be tough to help the president balance a job that's kind of overwhelming. Sometimes there's not always an easy answer to a hard question. Becoming an effective resource for Dr. Arnn has been a learning curve, and it's still in progress.
What is your favorite part of the job?
Joe: Volume 20 of Churchill's biography unfolded entirely while I was there, and I enjoyed answering research queries and being a part of the whole process. Finally I got to see the final copy, and it was amazing to see a beautiful finished work that I was proud of.
Madi: I loved meeting interesting people at the board meetings and hearing fascinating stories from the trustees, which is not something you have access to as a student. I get to expand my understanding of the Hillsdale community through these experiences. The College is a complex institution. It's a microcosm of society with all the features of a society factoring into it. It's by nature unspecialized, because it houses the entire lives of students, and I love to see the work that goes into it.
I had never realized the variety of positions available for student workers at the President's Office. If you enjoy research and office work and want to share in a small part of Dr. Arnn's life—whether in contributing to the research he's passionate about or helping to keep his office running smoothly—there is definitely something for you here.
Elizabeth Vietor, '20, is a Latin major with an affinity for thrift shops, butter, and scrunchies. She hails from Phoenix, Arizona, originally, but now that she's here, doesn't know how she existed for so long without seeing the leaves change every fall.
Published in May 2020
In this season of gratitude, we would like to take a moment to say 'Thank you' to our donors and supporters. Your generosity gives us the freedom to teach our students on campus and nationwide.
Music has graced the halls of Hillsdale College from the very beginning in 1844. Whether part of the orchestra, various ensembles, or Michigan's oldest collegiate choir, almost thirty percent of the Hillsdale College student body participates in music activities at some level — making it something that brings us together.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Costume Crazyness 2015
Music to Haunt By: The Dark Rift
Music to Haunt By: Nightmare Chronicles
By Weird Jon in Music To Haunt By
Michael Hedstrom
Nightmare Chronicles, Hedstorm Productions 2014
I think it's safe to say I have been waiting for Nightmare Chronicles almost as long as Michael Hedstrom has. It was in the works for years and premise of was just too good to miss out on. An album which explores several different horror concepts while uniting them under the theme of a nightmare? Brilliant! Who hasn't had a dream which changed and jumped around at some point in their lives?
The unnerving noises which open "Enter Dreamland" remind me of sirens and are a constant over the dark string work. The combination of percussion and loudly chanting wordless unisex vocals near the end are also a great touch. "Lost Wandering" also uses a "siren," albeit one which goes in and out of the track. The dreamlike (yet moody) guitar work has a somewhat medieval feel and the crunching noises leave you wondering whether they are leaves or bones. Organ work, soft vocals and other spooky touches are layered in as well and it all comes to a close with tolling bells. I suggest using this in either a haunted forest or castle setting. "Ballerina Vallassa" alternates between a relaxing and dangerous tone. Dramatic strings enhance the slow, steady piano work and flute while the chimes add dreamy touches. Even at its most beautiful, there is always a sense of darkness. If your haunted house has an area set up to look like a woman's room, use this track with a ballerina music box which starts on its own. "Creepers" features wailing wind and bursts of piano, along with a constant background sensation of things creeping and crawling around. The occasional percussion and strange cries nicely contrast with the uneasy woodwinds. If you have a bug room or scene involving a giant spider, this is an absolute must. "Mother" has a loud and effective opening sure to remind you of a horror movie. You'll know what I mean when you hear it. Soft screeching bats (or whispers), touches of bells and gong bursts further aid the mood. Even the lighter moments brought on by the chimes and strings are eerie. The same can be said for the wordless female vocals. This could work in a vampire's lair or even a haunted nursery. That last room idea is also a good match for "Living Dolls," whose plinking tones and bursts of loud music will give any listener the sense of music boxes and running cartoon characters. It alternates between "peppy" and "danger," while marching drums and parts which remind me of a calliope also mean circus potential. Dramatic strings and low horns bring the horror by the end of track, along with bursts of vocals.
The eerie opening of "Stranded" leads to soft chirping and sci-fi musical tones. There's plenty of otherworldly "high tech" sound effects which are a great match for any laboratory or alien room. "Frozen" offers spooky strings and light touches of piano. Are those gusts of wind? You'd better believe it! The gongs and "siren" are nice touches as well. The industrial-style opening and catchy beat of "Nano" make its dance potential very clear. There's moody synths, creepy effects, dramatic moments and more sci-fi musical touches. It's a must for parties, waiting areas or haunted club scenes. It could maybe even fit in a lab due to its storm, bubbling and crackling electricity effects. "The Pit" is the longest track and its dark, moody opening makes wonderful use of strings and wordless vocals. In other words it's extremely atmospheric. The horror musical stingers and light piano contrast nicely. The spooky fluting goes surprisingly well with the wordless male vocals and dripping effects. It works with any haunted cave, dungeon, sewer, bottomless pit and various other spooky scenes. There is so much to love about "The House on the Hill." The wind and mournful string work, the spooky organ music and the constant storm effects are fantastic. Said effects are as varied as the organ, which makes things seem more realistic. Any haunted room or phantom organist scene would benefit from your playing this. "Recital" is filled with low, slow piano work. But what would you expect given its name? The ethereal tones and woodwinds make it especially ghostly and offer great potential for a séance room. The clanking metal of "Solitary" gives it an industrial feel. There are other eerie touches as well, such as the warbling music which sounds like an old phonograph. What chain maze, boiler room or haunted storage room wouldn't need this? Things close out with the dance track "Nefertiti." Like the name implies, it has an "Egyptian" vibe to it and its catchy electro beat gives Sam Haynes a run for his money. If you run a "Haunted House of Rock," be sure to make this the theme to your mummy scene!
Michael Hedstrom has really outdone himself with Nightmare Chronicles. Its variety of themes give him a chance to spread his wings and show off his talents in other types of music. The lengths of the tracks make looping a breeze and you have plenty of to pick and choose from. On top of that, you also get some tracks for your next Halloween party playlist! So head on over to his Bandcamp page and pick up your copy. You won't ever regret it. while you're there, you can also learn about some details I missed back when I first reviewed his work.
Special thanks to Hedstorm Productions for use of the image!
Gravedigger's Local 16 is not to be held responsible for the content on or anything that may occur (be it good or bad) as a result of visiting any links on the above sites (or constructing a project that's detailed on them). This also applies to the suggestions made here. Attempt at your own discretion.
Hedstrom Productions, Michael Hedstrom, Music to Haunt By, Nightmare Chronicles
Weird Jon


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
U.S. Army Garrison Hawaii traces its history to the District of Hawaii, a command formed in 1910 as a sub element of the Department of California. In 1911, the Hawaiian Department replaced the District, reporting directly to the War Department in Washington. Initially headquartered in the Alexander Young Hotel, the Department moved to its permanent home at Fort Shafter in 1921. That same year, the distinctive red octagon insignia bearing the letter yellow "H" was adopted by the Hawaiian Department. The colors symbolized ancient Hawaiian royalty and the eight sides represented the principal islands of the Hawaiian chain. It was the senior headquarters for the Army in Hawaii.
After the outbreak of World War II, the Hawaiian Department was charged with a variety of logistical support and installation functions and was also renamed the Hawaiian Department Service Force. In 1943, the organization was renamed again to become the Army Port and Service Command. Its commanding general was given responsibility as commander, U.S. Army Forces-Pacific Ocean Area in 1944 under the operational control of the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific, or CINCPAC.
In the years after World War II, the old Hawaiian Department headquarters was formally abolished, and Headquarters, U.S. Army Pacific was established in 1947. Installation support functions under U.S. Army Pacific were accomplished by several short-lived organizations until 1957 when a new command, the U.S. Army Hawaii/25th Infantry Division, was created. These two commands were separated once again in 1960, with the U.S. Army Hawaii assuming the installation support role.
The U.S. Army Support Command Hawaii was established Jan. 1, 1973, to succeed U.S. Army Hawaii as the command responsible for installation services. It was temporarily headquartered at Schofield Barracks. When U.S. Army Pacific was eliminated as a major command in 1973, U.S. Army Support Command Hawaii returned to Fort Shafter and became the senior Army headquarters in Hawaii, once again responsible for installation and base support services and serving as the Army command element of CINCPAC, the Pacific joint command. When U.S. Army Western Command was created from USASCH in 1979 to become the major Army element of CINCPAC, U.S. Army Support Command Hawaii reverted to its traditional role as an installation and base support service command.
On March 1, 1992, U.S. Army Hawaii was re-established and was comprised of the 25th Infantry Division (Light), U.S. Army Support Command Hawaii, the 45th Corps Support Group (Forward), and the U.S. Army Law Enforcement Command (Prov). The 25th Infantry Division commander and U.S. Army Hawaii replaced U.S. Army Support Command Hawaii's commander as the installation commander. On Jan. 6, 1994, U.S. Army Support Command Hawaii was redesignated as U.S. Army Garrison Hawaii. With the establishment of the Installation Management Agency on Oct. 1, 2002, U.S. Army Garrison Hawaii was realigned to its Pacific region office. The Army activated Installation Management Command Oct. 24, 2007, to consolidate and strengthen installation support services to Soldiers and their families through the full authority of command.
About U.S. Army Garrison Hawaii
U.S. Army Garrison Hawaii provides quality services, installation facilities, training and recreational centers to nearly 100,000 Soldiers, civilians and family members stationed on the islands of Oahu and Hawaii.
The garrison is headquartered at Wheeler Army Airfield, just 20 miles from the state capital of Honolulu.
Hawaii's mild climate allows for year-round training and deployment operations, while its world-renowned beaches, breathtaking mountains and tropical splendor provide countless opportunities for Soldiers and their families to make the most of their tour in paradise.
ARMY MUSEUMS IN HAWAII
Tropic Lightning Museum
The Tropic Lightning Museum collects, preserves, interprets and exhibits artifacts and related memorabilia, which reflect the history of the 25th Infantry Division, Schofield Barracks and Wheeler Army Airfield.
U.S. Army Museum of Hawaii
The U.S. Army Museum of Hawaii is located on Fort DeRussy, in beautiful Waikiki, easily within walking distance of all resort hotels and visitor accommodations.
Page Last Modified: 3/15/2019


My wife, even after 46 years, still can't tell. Therefore, she usually leans toward 'I'm not'. I'll follow with a sarcastic option, after which her intuition kicks in (I'll swear she's a witch at times), then she almost never fails to make a correct assessment.


text:
The fedora.us buildsystem
Enrico Scholz
Revision 0.1 2003-11-28
fixed/added some links
Requirements on the build-system
Attacks from upstream author
Attacks from the packager
Effects of attacks
User Mode Linux (UML)
QEMU/Bochs
vserver-djinni
The current buildsystem
The physical host
The buildmaster vserver
The buildslave environment
The buildroot(s)
Different rpm-database layouts and rpm-versions
disttag-replacement
This paper gives an overview about ways to implement a buildsystem for rpm-packages and about the current fedora.us buildsystem. The official source of this document is http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/~ensc/fedora.us-build where it can be found in a HTML and PDF format.
There are two critical requirements on the build-system: it must build packages in a reliable manner, and it must be resistant against attacks. Builds without much overhead and buildmaster intervention are other requirements.
There are various ways for the upstream author to attack the buildsystem. Basically, it is to differ between attacks at package-buildtime, and these at the runtime of the package:
Runtime-attacks are the creation of backdoors in the programs (trojans), or to make them doing bad things at certain times (timebombs). On first glance, the runtime case seems to be uninteresting for the buildsystem itself, but as shown below this matters also.
Buildtime-attacks are possible since arbitrary code will be executed by the make-process. So:
local root exploits (e.g. backdoors introduced by other packages, overflows in suid'ed programs or daemons, kernel flaws) can be used to gain privileges and to spy out secrets (e.g. ssh keys), or to modify files (e.g. /etc/passwd or /lib/libc.so.6). Since chroot(2) is easy breakable[1], files of the host system can be compromised although the build happens in a chroot. Creating special devices (e.g. /dev/hda) and operating on them would by-pass chroots also; having access to /dev/kmem would allow to inject malignant code into the kernel.
processes which are running with the same uid can be ptrace'ed and killed. Such processes can be parallel builds of other packages, or -- in combination with local root-exploits -- system-processes like init or sshd.
a process could be spawned in the background and is killing or ptrace'ing processes of subsequent builds, or is modifying files of such builds.
network-resources of the build-machine could be used to open an hidden warez/porn server, or to run attacks against remote machines.
There are known cases where buildtime-attacks are triggered by the hostname of the build-machine, so that the build appears unsuspiciously on the machine of QA testers.
Altogether, since complex source-code will be compiled and complex code be executed by the make-system, it would require a full audit to preclude upstream attacks, so this kind can not be detected by the QA.
Special crafted .src.rpm files
An attacker could create special crafted (.src).rpm files which are exploiting implementation or design flaws of the rpm-program. So, arbitrary code could be executed on the build-machine or on the machine of QA people, when the package is extracted or queried.
Doing the requested rpm-action after running such code would hide this kind attack effectively. QA will not protect against this kind of attack.
Malicious patches/modified upstream sources
An attacker could introduce code which would have the same effects like attacks from upstream authors. Modified sources should be detected by QA when there exist signed md5sums or signatures of upstream sources. Most patches are small and should be audited by QA also.
Malicious rpm-scriptlets or triggers
On installation of packages, these scriptlets are running as root and can do nearly everything. Malicious shell-code in such scriptlets can and should be detected by the QA, but since this shell-code executes binaries of the current package and/or other packages, it will be impossible to preclude attacks when programs of untrusted packages can be used in scriptlets.
SUID packaging
A packager could set the SUID bit of programs which were never designed to run with root privileges and untrusted input. Doing so, backdoors could be created.
Such an attack can and must be detected by QA and/or automatic QA tools like rpmlint.
There are two categories of attacks: those which are attacking the build-machine itself, and those which are modifying the content of packages. In the chapter about bad upstream sources, most of the attacks against the build-machine were mentioned already, and on a compromised build-machine it would be easy to do anything -- inclusive the modification of packages. Therefore, only the aspects of package-modifications will be discussed in this section.
To do reliable builds, certain dependencies must be fulfilled which will lead to the installation of other, untrusted packages. As mentioned in the section called "Attacks from upstream author", limiting the requirements to packages of trusted packagers will not work since good src.rpms can create bad binary rpms.
At the installation of a package, rpm-scriptlets will be executed with root privileges, so that chroot's can be broken or files like libraries or programs be replaced. Since the replacement of files or the usage of chroot are common and valid operations for rpm, it is impossible to forbid these operations. Therefore, when the first untrusted package is installed, the build-root must be assumed as compromised.
Now, when a build happens in such an hostile environment, injected code can be executed (e.g. by calling a replaced make program or a program using a prepared /lib/libc.so.6). It will be possible, that the build-results can be modified in such a manner that the created binary package carries the same malicious code as the original code. So, entire dependency-trees can be infected. Yet worse, when using the same build-environment for every package, the entire distribution will be infected.
As an example, Figure 1, "Infection of build-tree vs. infection of build-environment" shows the build of the MagicPoint, kdebase, kdb, xine, ee and xemacs packages inclusive their dependencies (in this order). Malicious code which replaces /lib/libc.so.6 will be assumed in arts. The first image shows what happens when for each package an own build-system will be used, the second one shows the case when each build reuses the same build-system. The blue node marks the origin of the infection, the red ones the infected packages. The black arrows are symbolizing the BuildRequires:, the gray ones the build-order.
Figure 1. Infection of build-tree vs. infection of build-environment
Creating the build-system from scratch for each build
Reusing an already existing build-system
To prevent attacks and to have a reliable buildsystem, it must have the following properties:
Process-separation:
it MUST be impossible to kill or ptrace processes of other buildroots or of the system. Hiding of foreign processes SHOULD be provided.
Device/kernel protection:
Direct hardware access through /dev/* entries or modification of kernel parameters through /proc MUST be impossible. Forbidding the creation of such special files is one way to reach it, access restriction another one.
Unbreakable chroots:
it MUST be impossible for a process in a buildroot to have any kind of access on objects of the systems (e.g. ssh-keys), or write-access on other buildroots.
No buildroot-reusing:
each build MUST happen in an environment which can not be influenced by previous builds in this environment. This includes both filesystem-objects, and processes.
Resource-restrictions:
excessive resource-usage (memory, diskspace,...) of a build SHOULD be prevented. Usage of certain resources (e.g. network) MUST be prohibited
Good performance:
the buildsystem SHOULD should have only a small or non-existing impact on the performance.
Working environment:
building of common packages MUST succeed. This requires certain /dev entries, and a mounted /proc filesystem at least.
Mature userinterface:
the system SHOULD assist the buildmaster and automate the most tasks, so that the spent time will be reduced to a minimum.
[1] http://list.linux-vserver.org/archive/vserver/msg00729.html


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text:
For CEA MP Make Health pickup automatic
Bl0HAZARD October 20, 2011, 5:24pm #1
Spartans should not have to hold a button to pick up a health pack, it detracts from gameplay and I have found myself unable to pick up health because of too may weapons surrounding the health or simply being a second too late before getting shot.
I feel it is essential that you make this automatic like it was in H1 where u simply bump into the health pack to replenish your shield.
Spectrum_Bravo October 20, 2011, 7:46pm #2
I don't normally say something is insignificant when it's about gameplay, but really? Having to press a button was put into the game so that way you didn't accidentally pick one up when you're not critically wounded (when your health recharge will regenerate all of your health that you lost).
SitriStahl October 20, 2011, 8:21pm #3
> I don't normally say something is insignificant when it's about gameplay, but really? Having to press a button was put into the game so that way you didn't accidentally pick one up when you're not critically wounded (when your health recharge will regenerate all of your health that you lost).
Having weapons on the ground around a healthpack can be an uncontrollable circumstance that can cause your death. If that really becomes an issue, turn off health regen.
DarkMoon64 October 20, 2011, 8:26pm #4
then maybe it should of been a different button.
nah too complicated…
a_LvL99_Jay October 20, 2011, 8:51pm #5
This actually came into play at MLG Orlando. Two players on team Infamous were lacking health and the one in yellow went to the health pack but was told that his teammate was on red. Instead of taking it, he left it for the player in red, who then went on to get hit by a grenade a bit later.
Had it been automatic, the yellow health player would have just taken it automatically and his teammate would have died instantly from the grenade.
There are just times when you don't want to take it, and that freedom should stay.
And players should have to actually think about taking it and make the decision to, not simply be rewarded for happening to be in the right place at the right time.
Quetzocoetl October 20, 2011, 9:18pm #6
> This actually came into play at MLG Orlando. Two players on team Infamous were lacking health and the one in yellow went to the health pack but was told that his teammate was on red. Instead of taking it, he left it for the player in red, who then went on to get hit by a grenade a bit later.
> Had it been automatic, the yellow health player would have just taken it automatically and his teammate would have died instantly from the grenade.
> There are just times when you don't want to take it, and that freedom should stay.
> And players should have to actually think about taking it and make the decision to, not simply be rewarded for happening to be in the right place at the right time.
Though…for nostalgia's sake, CEA's playlists should emulate CE's multiplayer as close as possible.
JusttAlf October 20, 2011, 9:21pm #7
Well, using a button to use the health packs is actually cool, number 1.- How could ever there be "So many" weapons on the ground, when the majority of times those are spawn weapons, otherwise they would be power weapons. 2.- It helps that if we are not that wounded we would pick them up accidentaly, and I hate waisting resources when others may need them
Tyrael October 20, 2011, 9:23pm #8
this kind of relates to objective pickup also, you get the option to pickup a AR instead of the flag… thats annoying


The Veterans Treatment Court takes a team approach to rehabilitate veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have been charged with a misdemeanor crime.
Your donation to the Veterans Treatment Court will go towards obtaining various necessary resources for participants in the program such as bus passes (transportation to and from required meetings and counseling), temporary housing, required testing fees, etc.
Henderson Municipal Judge Mark Stevens established the Veterans Treatment Court in 2011 after the Nevada Legislature authorized the specialty court. Judge Stevens is a military veteran himself, and wanted to reach out to his fellow veterans. He aspired to provide an avenue of support and rehabilitation for those veterans returning to civilian life after their service to our country but who ran into issues with the law.
Defendants interested in participating in Veterans Treatment Court are referred to the program by their attorney, the prosecuting attorney, or other courts. Though participation in the program is voluntary, the Veterans Treatment Court team must approve participation eligibility. In cases such as domestic violence, additional approval for the veteran's participation in the program must come from the victim.
The Veterans Treatment Court seeks to address root-cause issues that these veterans may be facing and provides access to, as needed, court-ordered counseling, Veterans Administration recommended counseling (i.e. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder counseling, mental health counseling, and drug and alcohol counseling) as well as other treatment needs.
Participants in the Veterans Treatment Court may also be subject to other requirements of the court, such as random drug and alcohol testing and completion of community service and/or a work program.
Participants are also paired with volunteer mentors, who are veterans themselves, to give participants both a much-needed sounding board and an accountability partner in their journey through the program.
Participants who successfully complete the program requirements may have their charge amended, dismissed, or conditionally dismissed. For DUI and Domestic Battery offenses, the Court will conditionally dismiss the charge after graduation. Conditionally dismissed charges still constitute a prior offense for enhancement purposes if the defendant is subsequently charged with another DUI or Domestic Battery offense within seven years, therefore these records are not automatically sealed upon the completion of the program. However, after the seven year period, the defendant may file a petition with the Court to have the records sealed. For other offense types that result in dismissal, the participant's records will be sealed upon graduation. The program is a minimum of one year if the participant is in full compliance, and will be extended if non-compliant at any time throughout the program.
The Henderson Veterans Treatment Court is a specialty court in the City of Henderson Municipal Court system.
Veterans Treatment Court is a component fund of the Henderson Community Foundation, a recognized 501(c)3 corporation in the state of Nevada.
May 9, 2019 at 2 p.m.
A special thank you to Henderson Chamber of Commerce and Chimera Golf Club for a wonderful golf tournament on October 26, 2015 benefitting Veterans Treatment Court and the Henderson Chamber of Commerce Foundation.
Veterans are needed to mentor participants.


text:
Walker & Dunlop Financed over $57 Million with Delaware Statutory Trust Sponsor Capital Square
Bethesda, Maryland – March 22, 2017
Walker & Dunlop, Inc. (NYSE: WD) announced today that it structured a $13,521,000 acquisition loan for Alexander Pointe, a Class B, garden-style apartment complex in the Jacksonville, Florida suburb of Orange Park.
Alexander Pointe marks the fourth execution that Walker & Dunlop's Andrew Tapley and Alexandra Huffman have originated for Capital Square (the "Borrower") in the past seven months, the details of which are included in the table below. The origination team arranged the loan using Fannie Mae's Green Rewards program at a 65 percent loan-to-value with a 10- year, fixed rate term and five years of interest-only payments. The Borrower used the Delaware Statutory Trust ("DST") structure to permit its investors to acquire interests in the property in a tax-deferred exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Canopy Apartments San Antonio, TX $11,700,000 95.91% 3.73%
Crossroads Apartments Phoenix, AZ $16,510,000 94.30% 3.44%
Maple Springs Apartment Homes Richmond, VA $15,600,000 97.39% 3.50%
Alexander Pointe Orange Park, FL $13,521,000 96.55% 4.09%
Alexandra Huffman, assistant vice president in the Multifamily Finance group at Walker & Dunlop, commented, "It's always a pleasure working with Louis Rogers, Seth Harris and the Capital Square team. The Borrower was able to utilize Fannie Mae's Green Rewards program to obtain a new loan with very attractive terms."
Chief Executive Officer of Capital Square, Louis Rogers, remarked, "Alexandra Huffman provided the best execution on a complex multifamily acquisition loan we have seen in years. The team at Walker & Dunlop are experts in their field. They made every step of the process work in an effortless, cost-effective, and timely manner."
"In spite of our complicated DST entity structure, the professionals at Walker & Dunlop were able to guide Capital Square through the intricacies of agency financing without a hitch," Mr. Rogers continued. "Alexander Pointe was our fourth loan with Walker & Dunlop and the first one to benefit from Fannie's Green Energy Rewards Program. The Green Program was a win – win, a lower interest rate on the loan and lower utility costs for the project. Walker & Dunlop exceeded Capital Square's goals and closed on time and under budget—another successful loan execution. Well done!"
Walker & Dunlop (NYSE: WD), headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, is one of the largest commercial real estate services and finance companies in the United States providing financing and investment sales to owners of multifamily and commercial properties. Walker & Dunlop, which is included in the S&P SmallCap 600 Index, has over 600 professionals in 28 offices across the nation with an unyielding commitment to client satisfaction.


Fate IX from Outer Space. We're just spending some time together, since we stopped the Sonic Brainwashing Matterand the end of the Doppelgangers. I want to get on with the story. We are giving you all the evidence, based only on this secret testimony… of the miserable souls, who survived this terrifying ordeal. Nanao sobbed, "Aw… And it was real, too. Cy smiled, "Oh, yes, Bookie. And now, and editorial prologue, but the first chapter intro, by our resident weirdo… Emmitt. Johnny felt uneasy, as he sobbed, "I saw it… I did…".


Goaman is back in full effect and he's got Hanuman on his side. Hanuman is depicted as half-monkey and as a child tried to eat the sun which he took for a ripe fruit. There's a whole lot to learn about Hanuman on Wikipedia but it's all gibberish to me as I know close to nothing about Hinduism. But I like the colorful concept.
I did however learn from our spiritual cabbie Sairam who took us on hour long trips through northern Goa that you could go to a Hanuman temple, take a little bowl filled with oil, look into it to see your reflection, then give your sorrows and worries to that reflection and then cast the bowl before Hanuman who will then take away your worries. Good, ey?
I could go on forever about this guy, so here we go. Don't think I'm being disrespectful towards Hinduism cause I really had some spiritual moments. Especially when I conversed with God through the porcelain phone in the bathroom after having a Mango lassie or something else that made me sick. After all my shittings and vomitings when my stomach was empty I choked up some evil looking black stuff which I interpreted in the following feverish delirium as to having been my sins and troubles that had poisoned me in 2007. So I got a real thorough cleansing in Goa. The hard way, but what the heck. I'll take spiritual cleansing any way it comes cause I'm a sinner, yeah.
This Sairam could read me like a book or maybe I just looked unhappy. He told me I had girl troubles which was spot on. Maybe my constant hard-on gave me away though.
Speaking of hard-ons. Did I blog about those russian girls? Ahh, the memories.
In Palolem we met Aake a diabetic-alcoholic entertainer from an old finnish family who flees the christmas spirit at home for Goa every year. Once you get used to him he's actually a pretty intersting and intelligent guy who just happens to have beer for breakfast. When we were hanging out with him around a fire on the beach he managed to scare off four swedish chicks who we had met on the plane to Goa and then later in Anjuna when they were so out of it on drugs. They were hanging out with much scarier freaks then than Aake ever will be but I guess that just goes to show that drugs can impair your judgement of people.
So there you go. Take a trip to Goa and meet the most interesting people.
More to come especially on "The Cannibal Dogs of Goa", my upcoming feature film.


text:
CB vs Ham Radio – Everything You Need to Know
CB vs Ham Radio - Everything You Need to Know
Many people compare a Citizen Band radio (CB) with ham radio. Everyone has a reason for getting a radio, and this is more important than the radio itself. Matching a radio to its purpose will result in a satisfied radio operator. Read on the learn more about CB vs ham radio.
What Is Your Purpose?
Be honest with yourself. If you plan to use your radio to communicate with other radio operators within your community, your radio requirements will be vastly different from a radio operator in Minnesota who would like to have a conversation with someone in Australia.
Radios can be large base stations that include an antenna tower. Some radios are hard-wired into a boat or vehicle while others are self-contained, hand-held units. If the radio is used on a boat, special considerations will have to be made.
Ham radio is strictly non-commercial, so it is important that a radio operator has a clear idea of how the radio will be used. Radio communication between vehicles on the highway will require a different radio from an operator using a paddle for Morse code or sending an email with a Pactor modem. Perhaps you need to communicate with other people using a handheld radio for a community event or an emergency rescue operation.
What Is A Band?
Before comparing a CB radio and a ham radio, it is important to understand radio bands. This is one of the most crucial differences in CB and Ham radio.
A band is a spectrum of radio frequencies. Different bands will support different ranges of communication. Think about your AM radio. All the frequencies in AM radio are composed of a single spectrum of frequencies from 535 to 1605 KHz. This is one band, the AM band.
The FCC regulates all bands and allocates them for specific uses.
Citizen Band Radio
CB radio is one band within the 27MHz (11m) band. All CB radios operate within these frequencies. They are further divided into 40 individual channels. Think of these individual channels like TV channels.
CB radio operators can access any of the 40 channels but, they are not able to work in frequencies between the set channels. This feature makes CB radios easy to use.
Here are some more CB radio features:
CB radios have a typical range of one to two miles. The range can increase to an occasional 20-25 miles depending upon the antenna and atmospheric conditions such as propagation and solar flares.
FCC regulates the power allotted to CB operators which is, "4 watts output (AM) or 12 watts output (SSB) as measured at the antenna connector on the back of the radio."
CB radio operators do not need a license to transmit on CB radios.
Radio Configurations
While some radio operators have CB base stations, the vast majority of CB radios are mobile units installed in vehicles or hand-held units.
CB radios can be used for commercial enterprises. Most CB radios are used for short-range, mobile communication, especially between vehicles.
Other CB Radio Considerations
CB radios are not recommended on boats because the Coast Guard no longer monitors the channels for emergency response.
Channel 9 is used for emergencies and roadside assistance for motorists.
Ham Radio, also known as amateur radio, is not just one band, but 26 bands spaced from 1.8 Megahertz to 275 Gigahertz. Ham radio encompasses a huge range of possibilities for operators to work and experiment with.
Ham radio bands cover both short distances across town and global, international communications. Depending on the band and ham radio equipment, amateur operators can also communicate with astronauts stationed at the International Space Station.
FCC regulates power for ham radios depending upon the band being used. They also regulate the height and placement of antenna towers.
Ham radio requires a license. Ham radio is tightly monitored as well as self-monitored so much of the interference challenges that plague the CB channels are virtually nonexistent. Ham radio operators must hold one of the following licenses to operate:
FCC Technician - entry-level license
FCC General Class - extended band privileges for international communication
FCC Extra Class - privileges extended to all ham bands
With so many bands, radio configurations can be any or a combination of several configurations. Here is just a sample of a few radio configurations:
A large base station with a laptop and other accessories
Hardwired mobile ham radios for vehicles and boats with a Pactor modem for sending and receiving data such as weather faxes or emails
Handheld portable ham radios for short-range communication
Ham radio enthusiasts enjoy a number of activities. They often specialize in a sub-field. Here is a short list of just a few activities that ham radio operators enjoy:
Community service and emergency response
Radio technology experimentation
Global networking and communication
Digital programming
Amateur radio clubs
Other Ham Radio Considerations
Ham radio is strictly non-commercial. No business can be conducted on a ham band.
Ham radios can be used for voice, data (text such as emails) and imagery.
Ham radio can be complex and confusing for a novice, but there are plenty of clubs and organizations with Elmers (mentors) to help newcomers.
When comparing CB vs ham radio, it is comparing one band to 26 bands. The important point is in deciding one's purpose for using radio technology. If a person wants to operate only within short distances between trucks, CB radio will work just fine.
Many people start with a CB radio and then discover that they want more. Ham radio can be as simple or complex as an operator wishes. It is a huge hobby with over two million amateur operators around the world. Most communities in the US have a local amateur radio club.
Both CB and ham radio have distinct characteristics. Decide on your purpose, and then choose the radio that best suits your style of communication.
Resources for more information:
FCC Citizen Band Radio Service (CBRS) website
FCC Rules and Regulations, Title 47 webpage
CB Radio Club website
American Radio Relay League website
Visit Guide
The Best Ham Radios of 2018
We've create a buyer's guide that will tell you everything you need to know to buy the best Ham radio.
Brian Wallace decided to put his fascination with radio devices to good use and started WalkieTalkieCentral.com, hoping that his knowledge on the topic will be helpful to others.
Ham Radio vs Shortwave Radio – All You Need To Know
Shortwave Radio Frequencies – All You Need To Know
Best Shortwave Radio Receiver 2019 – Buyer's Guide & Reviews
Shortwave vs Longwave Radio – What Is The Difference?
The Best Handheld CB Radio 2019
The Best CB Radio for Truckers 2019
What Is SSB Radio? Single Sideband Explained
How To Use A CB Radio – Everything You Need To Know
What Does CB Radio Stand For – Do You Know?
Do Truckers Still Use CB Radios?
Do All Walkie-Talkies Work Together?
Midland LXT600VP3 Review
The Best Ham Radio For Beginners 2019
Walkie-Talkie Privacy Codes (CTCSS)
Prepping and Survival: The Ultimate Guide
The Best Ham Radio Base Station Of 2019
WalkieTalkieCentral.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for website owners to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com and any other website that may be affiliated with Amazon Service LLC Associates Program.


text:
More To The Story: Pastor John Gray's Alleged Side Chick Claims They Had Much More Than An 'Emotional' Affair
Written By Shamika Sanders
Source: Robin L Marshall / Getty
Pastor John Gray and his wife Aventer made headlines when it was revealed their holy matrimony was tainted with infidelity. While Pastor Gray assured fans it was only an "emotional" affair, recently discovered audio recordings paint a different picture.
A woman, who remains anonymous, detailed a relationship with John Gray during an interview with Larry Reid, in that was surely not just emotional. According to the woman, John Gray booked her room in the same hotel as his wife one time, but Aventer had found out. He left the woman a voicemail warning her Aventer had read their text messages. The nameless woman also claimed John Gray would speak in tongues after ejaculating over facetime. She also revealed they indeed had sex.
John Gray and the woman were reportedly friends for years, but their friendship changed after the woman went through a domestic violence incident that left her vulnerable.
"It started with him—he likes to say—breathing life into me. So he was just there as far as talking to me, pretty much pastoring me, ministering to me. And I called on him to do a favor to a person that I knew that was struggling with some addiction issues. And so I called upon him to help with that. It was an employee of mine. That employee actually wound up speaking with him and it got him on the straight and narrow. So I sent him a text message telling him thank you. And he said, 'Whatever you need.' And I was like 'Well thank you.' And he said, 'I'm talking about you.'
John Gray allegedly offered her financial help when she fell on hard times.
"He would say, 'The Lord told me that you need some money so go ahead and check your cash app. I already put money in your account. Then he'll be like, 'What color panties you got on? Let me see your nipples.' … He likes to jack off on the screen and he comes and when he comes, he speaks in tongues. No joke. When we slept together, he jumped up!"
He also allegedly confided in her about he and Aventer's marriage and claimed she didn't sexually satisfy him.
"I ran into an issue financially and he was just like absolutely. and it was a big deal. It was a really big thing. From that moment on, it started from there. It snowballed into 'I just love you so much. I always loved you. I always thought about you. I always cared about you.' Then he was going through the stuff with his wife and he was saying how he didn't like her, didn't love her, that he was never attracted to her, that he only married her because she looked good on paper. His exact words were, 'She don't suck. She don't f*ck. She ain't never washed a pair of my drawers."
The woman also had voicemails of what seemed to be John Gray's voice. "When you get this message, delete it. My wife saw our text messages from Friday. She knows you were in the same hotel as me and she does not know that I went to your room. She doesn't remember me leaving. She's got your number," he said.
This woman's narrative was completely different from John Gray, who simply said he was inappropriate because he carried on an "emotional" affair. Clearly there's more to the story.
Listen to her story, below:
Pastor John Gray Denies Sleeping With Another Woman, 'I Had An Emotional Affair'
Pastor John Gray's Wife Aventer Defends Husband's Infidelities In Resurfaced Sermon: "I Prayed Over That Strange Woman"
More To The Story: Pastor John Gray's Alleged Side Chick Claims They Had Much More Than An 'Emotional' Affair was originally published on hellobeautiful.com
Also On MyPraise 102.5, Atlanta, Inspiration, Gospel, Radio, WPZE:
Stellar Awards 2017 Red Carpet Photos


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<TITLE>
UnknownRequestTypeException (ATG Java API)
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="com.primus.ae.searchclient.UnknownRequestTypeException class">

<LINK REL ="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../stylesheet.css" TITLE="Style">

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com.primus.ae.searchclient

Class UnknownRequestTypeException

java.lang.Object
  ExceptionBase
      com.primus.ae.searchclient.UnknownRequestTypeException

public class UnknownRequestTypeException
extends ExceptionBase

Thrown when an unknown request type is encountered

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Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

UnknownRequestTypeException(java.lang.String msg)

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

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UnknownRequestTypeException

public UnknownRequestTypeException(java.lang.String msg)

Parameters:
msg - A message indicating the unknown request type

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text:
The Forgotten Calvin Coolidge Presidency…
…forgotten because he was the closest philosophically to what a president should stand for:
The five tenets of Coolidgeism:
1. Constitutional Government
2. Individual Enterprise
3. Economy in Public Expenditures
4. Reduction and Reform of Taxation
5. Opposition to Aggressive War
Imagine what this nation would like like if the last Republican president had held strong to these five tenets?
Even three of the five? Raise your hand if you think a Mitt Romney presidency will uphold any of these things.
Dan Mitchell of the Cato Institute on Calvin Coolidge and the first spoken words of an American president caught on tape:
Here's Coolidge in his own words. This video is historically significant since it is the first film (with sound) of an American President. The real value, however, is in the words that are being said.
More on "Silent Cal" from the Mises Institute:
So why is there such a disconnect between Coolidge's success and his reputation? In large part, it is because he advocated individualism, as clearly spelled out in his speeches (which he composed himself), and the newspaper column he wrote after leaving the Presidency.
But while that seems appropriate for someone born on the Fourth of July, it is so distant from the modern mindset that many now cannot understand why someone who, as state Senator, Governor, Vice-President, and President viewed government intervention in broad areas of life as a problem rather than a panacea.
Further, people have attributed to Coolidge the origins of the Great Depression under Herbert Hoover, his secretary of commerce. But they have not done so because of any evidence that his policies were responsible.
Along with monetary policy blunders, the Great Depression was triggered by Hoover's abandonment of Coolidge's policies, in favor of disasters ranging from erecting monumental trade barriers to sharply raising tax rates.
Never was this divide between the policies of the two made clearer than when Coolidge said of Hoover: "That man has offered me unsolicited advice for six years, all of it bad."
Calvin Coolidge may have been called "Silent Cal," but his record brags for him, if people would bother to look honestly. Further, he closely reflected our founders' insight in what he wrote and said, which we would truly profit from, given how far we have deviated from those ideas in modern America.
Just a conservative girl March 14, 2012 at 6:11 AM
Raise your hand if you think any of them would hold up these principles. Even Paul has had moments of big government and spending.
valleyforge March 18, 2012 at 11:42 AM
Name one.
Anonymous March 14, 2012 at 6:34 AM
Doo Doo Econ March 14, 2012 at 8:50 AM
Americans elected Coolidge President and to them we should aspire.
Here is a graphic I made to promote CC http://www.flickr.com/photos/charlesfettinger/4891746664/in/set-72157629226778691 .
Just the other day a Democrat friend mentioned "do nothing Cal" and was perplexed at my love for the man.
Left Coast Rebel March 18, 2012 at 7:54 PM
Thanks Doo Doo, I have that as a sticky widget in the sidebar now 🙂
It makes me proud! If it were in my power, I would start a nasty rumor that Cool is short for Coolidge.
AHLondon March 27, 2012 at 7:39 PM
Good rumor. How do I get the sticky widget? Better yet and have it link to this post? I missed it at the link, I think.
Hi AH, just grab the "Roaring" graphic in the sidebar and install it (using html?) at your blog.
SarahB March 14, 2012 at 7:45 PM
I'm embarrassed to say I know almost nothing about this president. Thank you for opening my eyes.
I'm with SarahB. I knew so little about Coolidge! Nicely done, Tim.
Rational Nation USA March 14, 2012 at 11:43 PM
Placing Coolidge in perceptive of the progressive trajectory of US politics for the last century it should be perfectly understandable that "Cal" has largely been forgotten.
If I'm not mistaken I believe Reagan had a picture of Coolidge in his office.
LibertyAtStake March 15, 2012 at 10:17 AM
Second only to the Gipper himself since 1900.
Grant Davies March 16, 2012 at 5:54 AM
I've been waving his flag for thirty years. Not because I'm prescient, just because, like everything I discover, it's obvious. Coolidge was precisely what a President is supposed to be. He understood the constitution and that the Presidency is a purposely weak position.
"Coolidge is the first president to discover that what the American people want is to be left alone." — Will Rogers (1879-1935)
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