text:
Q: What should a controller integration test assert Doing an integration test on a web api endpoint what should I put my focus on to assert?
My endpoint is also doing a call to a domain service.
Should I mock that service? With the current code that is not possible, because I would need to instantiate the controller to pass the mock service.
Am I interested in the service return value? actually not.
I am only interested wether the endpoint was succesfully triggered but then I should isolate the service call I guess.
Any advice is welcome :-)
TEST
[TestClass]
public class SchoolyearControllerTests
{
    private TestServer _server;

    [TestInitialize]
    public void FixtureInit()
    {
        _server = TestServer.Create<Startup>();
    }

    [TestCleanup]
    public void FixtureDispose()
    {
        _server.Dispose();
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void Get()
    {
        var response = _server.HttpClient.GetAsync(_server.BaseAddress + "/api/schoolyears").Result;
        var result = response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<SchoolyearDTO>>().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
        Assert.AreEqual(response.StatusCode, HttpStatusCode.OK);
    }
}

Action to test
[HttpGet]
public async Task<IHttpActionResult> Get()
{
    var schoolyears = await service.GetSchoolyears();
    return Ok(schoolyears);
}

A: The trouble with doing an integration test on a web service is that it doesn't tell you very much about the problem - or even if there actually is one, and if there is, it doesn't tell you where the issue lies. It will either succeed or fail.  So in that respect did you get a 200 response code or a 500 response code... but did it fail because:

*

*The server was unreachable

*The web service isn't started, or failed when trying to start

*A firewall is blocking the network

*A database record wasn't found

*There's a database schema problem and entity framework didn't start
properly.

It could literally be anything - and result might be different on your dev machine than in production - so what does it really tell you about your application?
What makes for robust software is to test that your product is able to handle any of these situations correctly, gracefully and robustly.
I write my controller actions like this:
   public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id)
    {
        try
        {
            var person = _personRepository.GetById(id);
            var dto = Mapper.Map<PersonDto>(person);
            HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse<PersonDto>(HttpStatusCode.OK, dto);
            return response;
        }
        catch (TextFileDataSourceException ex)
        {
            HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError);
            return response;
        }
        catch (DataResourceNotFoundException ex)
        {
            HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, ex);
            return response;
        }
        catch (FormatException ex)
        {
            HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, ex);
            return response;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, ex);
            return response;
        }
    }

A try block gets the data, makes a dto and returns the data with a 200 code. There are several error conditions handled here, but none indicate a problem with my web service itself and some (404 error) don't even indicate an issue with the application - I EXPECT a NotFoundException and a 404 if my application can't find a record - if this happens my application WORKS in this scenario.
So if any of these error conditions occur, its not because there's a problem with the web service, and not necessarily a problem with the app.  But I can test that my web service is returning the correct response for any of these expected conditions.
The tests for this controller action looks like this:
    [Test]
    public void CanGetPerson()
    {
        #region Arrange
        var person = new Person
            {
                Id = 1,
                FamilyName = "Rooney",
                GivenName = "Wayne",
                MiddleNames = "Mark",
                DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1985, 10, 24),
                DateOfDeath = null,
                PlaceOfBirth = "Liverpool",
                Height = 1.76m,
                TwitterId = "@WayneRooney"
            };

        Mapper.CreateMap<Person, PersonDto>();

        var mockPersonRepository = new Mock<IPersonRepository>();
        mockPersonRepository.Setup(x => x.GetById(1)).Returns(person);

        var controller = new PersonController(mockPersonRepository.Object);

        controller.Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "1");
        controller.Configuration = new HttpConfiguration(new HttpRouteCollection());
        #endregion

        #region act
        HttpResponseMessage result = controller.Get(1);
        #endregion

        #region assert
        Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.OK, result.StatusCode);
        #endregion
    }

    [Test]
    public void CanHandlePersonNotExists()
    {
        #region Arrange
        var mockPersonRepository = new Mock<IPersonRepository>();
        mockPersonRepository.Setup(x => x.GetById(1)).Throws<DataResourceNotFoundException>();

        var controller = new PersonController(mockPersonRepository.Object)
            {
                Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "1"),
                Configuration = new HttpConfiguration(new HttpRouteCollection())
            };

        #endregion

        #region Act
        HttpResponseMessage result = controller.Get(1);
        #endregion

        #region Assert
        Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, result.StatusCode);
        #endregion
    }

    [Test]
    public void CanHandleServerError()
    {
        #region Arrange
        var mockPersonRepository = new Mock<IPersonRepository>();
        mockPersonRepository.Setup(x => x.GetById(1)).Throws<Exception>();

        var controller = new PersonController(mockPersonRepository.Object);
        controller.Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "1");
        controller.Configuration = new HttpConfiguration(new HttpRouteCollection());
        #endregion

        #region Act
        HttpResponseMessage result = controller.Get(1);
        #endregion

        #region Assert
        Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, result.StatusCode);
        #endregion
    }

Note that I'm introducing a mock respository and having my mock repository trigger the expected exceptions for 404 and server error and ensuring that the web service handles it correctly.
What this tells me is that my web service handling expected and exceptional situations as it should and returning the appropriate codes: 200/404/500.
Although some are error states and some are success states, none of these outcomes indicate a problem with my web service - it is behaving exactly as it should, and that's what I want to test.
An 'across the network' integration test on a web service tells you nothing about the robustness or correctness of your application - or even if its returning the correct data or response-code.
Don't try to re-test WebAPI... Microsoft wrote a massive suite of tests for it already - hundreds of test-fixture classes, thousands of test methods:
https://aspnetwebstack.codeplex.com/SourceControl/latest#test/System.Web.Http.Test/Controllers/ApiControllerTest.cs
Assume that WebAPI works as it should and doesn't require you to test it again.  Focus on testing your application code and make sure success and error conditions are handled gracefully by your web service.
If you want to check your web service is connected and available on the network - open a browser and test it manually; there's no need to automate this; the result will vary between environments and according to external conditions.
Test each layer of your application the same way, mock out the layer above and test that the current layer handles every possible outcome from the layer above.
Your client application for your service should do the same thing: Mock the web service, and pretend that it gave a 404 - and check that it handles this as it should.


Every month an email arrives from Inside Out magazine's Managing Editor Lee Tran Lam and every month I get excited. The sneak peeks from inside the latest issue of the magazine are always amazing. Today she sent my dream home. I have wanted this particular space ever since I first spotted it in a previous incarnation as Lynda Gardener's home. Now it belongs to someone else (boo hoo not me) and I think I love it even more.
This is the home of artist Saskia Folk – whose "pick and mix style" is encapsulated by all the highly original items tucked into her place. There's a couch decked in "country check", a giant ice-cream light guarding the bottom of her stairs, a kitchen island bench made from old basketball flooring and kitchen cabinetry constructed from old meter boxes found in the Australian outback. Styling by Heather Nette King, photography by Derek Swalwell, from March issue of Inside Out.
Saskia you'll have to move out because I'm moving on in! Can't wait to see more in this month's issue out tomorrow. Don't fret if you aren't in Australia though. You can read along on Zinio, Google Play, the Apple Newsstand and Nook.
Breathtaking and innovative! Truly one of my favourite posts yet. And Derek Swalwell? His is such a rare talent, isn't it? Many thanks for sharing.
quite possibly the coolest house in the friggin' world.
Any idea where the aboriginal art work is from or who by? I just love them, both.
Nice Information you have shared. I read it fully and enjoy.


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For busy families who don't have time for a large garden, containers are also ideal. This book is full of useful information and covers almost every aspect of container gardening. First published November 2006.


Iowa Minute is a 60-second news feature that highlights the role agriculture and Farm Bureau play in Iowans' lives. The feature airs on these TV stations.
We're wrapping up our centennial with a look back at what has made Iowa Farm Bureau a strong grassroots organization.
Iowa Farm Bureau is partnering with IGHSAU and IHSAA to sponsor free HeadStrong concussion insurance for all Iowa high school athletes.
Bicycling in Iowa is all about enjoying the great outdoors. It's also a great way to learn about the ways Iowa's farmers are keeping the outdoors great.


text:
University of Pittsburgh Press
Request Exam or Desk Copy. Request Review Copy
Cole Blasier, Professor of Political Science at the University of Pittsburgh, is author of The Giant's Rival: The USSR and Latin America. Blasier studied or taught at Universities in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico and served as a career foreign service officer in Belgrade, Bonn, Moscow, and Washington. Because of long first-hand experience in official Washington and Moscow and extensive residence in Latin America, Blasier is uniquely qualified to appraise this complex arena of conflict.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


C Corporation Advantages and Disadvantages | Accounting Freedom, Ltd.
The flat 21% federal income tax rate for C corporations under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) has been great news for these entities and their owners. But there are some key C Corporation advantages and disadvantages you need to be aware of.
Double taxation occurs by taxing corporate income once at the corporate level and again at the shareholder level as dividends are paid out. The cost of double taxation, however, is now generally less because of the 21% corporate rate.
Generally, we suggest not to use the C Corp status for ventures with appreciating assets or certain depreciable assets. This is because if assets, such as real estate, are eventually sold for substantial gains, it may be impossible to extract the profits from the corporation without being subject to double taxation. In contrast, if appreciating assets are held by a pass-through entity (such as an S corporation, partnership or limited liability company treated as a partnership for tax purposes), gains on such sales will be taxed only once, at the owner level.
But assets held by a C Corporation don't necessarily have to appreciate in value for double taxation to occur. Depreciation lowers the tax basis of the property. In turn, a taxable gain will result whenever the sale price exceeds the depreciated basis. In effect, appreciation can result by depreciation when depreciable assets hold their value.
To avoid this double-taxation issue, you might consider using a pass-through entity. Doing so will allow you to lease your C corporation's appreciating assets or depreciable assets that will hold their value.
C Corporation status is also not advisable for ventures that will incur ongoing tax losses. When a venture is set up as a C corporation, losses do not pass through to the owners (shareholders). A situation like this would only apply to a pass-through entity. Instead, they create corporate net operating losses (NOLs). An NOL can carry over to future tax years and then offset any corporate taxable income.
This is already a potential downside of C corporations; taking several years for a start-up to be profitable. Now, under the TCJA, NOLs that arise in tax years beginning after 2017 can't offset more than 80% of taxable income in the NOL carryover year. So it may take even longer to fully absorb tax losses.
Do you have questions about C corporation advantages and disadvantages post-TCJA? Contact us.


text:
THE SEEN
Past Online Issues
Art & Language: Emergency Conditionals
Specter of Strategy: Vern Blosum's Late Work
Published on ArtSlant
Vern Blosum: Late Work, ESSEX STREET, New York, 2015, Installation view. All Images: Courtesy the Artist and Essex Street, New York
It deserves attention that with Frieze Week underway in New York, Essex Street would open an exhibition of an anonymous artist. Late Work by Vern Blosum—a pseudonymous painter associated with the Pop Art movement, though never officially canonized—features the only work produced by the artist since his appearance in exhibitions from 1961–64. This work, which was shown again to the public in 2013 after being rediscovered by gallerist Maxwell Graham, among a few others, is familiar to those who know his graphic image and text pairings within a contemporary context, though not as historical markers.
This slippage is common for Blosum's work. Resurfacing only recently, his compositions fit non-anachronistically within a brand of irony commonly found in contemporary painting. Here, allusions are met with puns, and the image referent included with the text is always slyly undercut by its caption. While the work only once appeared contemporary, the exhibition currently on view is recent—all supposedly produced in 2015. Blosum's work appears before us, bold and challenging, clinical yet sentimentally handled, not as a progression of a practice produced over a span of nearly 60 years, but as a radical jump in time that conducts business as usual. Where the work from the 1960s was forward-thinking, sharp, and speculative—a type of pre-irony that was done in earnest—viewing Late Work now, in the year it was made, Blosum's instinct seems just right.
Vern Blosum, Horse Fly, 2015, Graphite on paper
While a critique of the work as counterfeit seems immediate and plausible—the artist conveniently reappearing on the scene to fill a market need—the work deserves more than this facile read. As an artist whose name has been reduced to a symbol of his work, it makes sense to begin with how Blosum's images are viewed. While the digital documentation of his pieces appears incisive, deliberate, and sterile, there is a wavering element to the surfaces of the paintings (their faulty corrected graphic lines, their stuttering gradients) that betrays their immaculateness. These falters are not calculated, but are symptomatic of accidental errors, moments where perfection is approached but unmet. This affective quality is more revealing in this exhibition, where the gallery is lined, quite simply, with a collection of black framed graphite drawings on paper, installed at equal height. The subject matter is quite pedestrian—a term that registers as a double entendre Blosum is keenly aware of—featuring multiple iterations of shallowly drawn road signs, mailboxes, fire hydrants, and telephones. While the depicted objects are common and everyday, so is their regressive reference to the commercialism of Pop style.
Vern Blosum, Off The Hook, 2015, Graphite on paper
The idea of Blosum, not as only an artist but as a facet of the work itself, is less elucidatory if he is framed within the realm of the objects he paints. As a type of platonic shadow, the imagined personification of Blosum erases the necessity of a fixed opinion on his character. Just as he places objects within a white field—a placeless and timeless backdrop of blank canvas or blank paper—and labels them for viewers, he too is placed within this blankness. Emptiness here does not necessarily constitute a void, as thiswhiteness is not an unfamiliar backdrop. The seemingly space-less environment of these drawings is a Pop preset—the pure surface of Warhol's silver paintings met with the attitude of commercial advertisement and product design. What would Blosum's caption be?
Beyond Pop, there is a sort of incongruity to the correlation between the written word and its accompanying representation that recalls Magritte—Blosum's formula is nearly synonymous with The Treachery of Images—but is redefined by his almost outsider treatment of materials and modestly chosen texts. The taglines used in Blosum's work are not sophisticated enough to illicit the simulacra of the objects he draws; the effect of image/copy is lessened by the front of his persona. These drawings adhere to a standard that is completely reproducible out of necessity. In Horse Fly—the most adventurous piece in the exhibition—a mythic energy appears to radiate from the winged figure in the center of the page. The horse is, of course, a symbol that is interchangeable with Blosum himself, a specter of strategy that contemporary art passes through. The work is only difficult to trace if its value is defined by the role of artist that supposedly created it. There is no such thing as fake, only presets where truth means different things. Whether visible or not, the Trojan Horse still rolls.


text:
Errol Flynn, one of the sexiest men of his era.
What makes a male lead (hero) attractive to you?
Jamie Fraser (Sam Heughan) comes into my mind instantly. Are you counting the days until Outlander returns? I am definitely looking forward to that pleasure.
Ryan Paevey who used to be on General Hospital is tall, dark, and gorgeous in my opinion. He has also appeared in Unleashing Mr. Darcy and Marrying Mr. Darcy on the Hallmark channel. If you love handsome men, (who doesn't?) check him out. He is the actor I visualized when I created Major Hart Kensington, the hero in Sabotage by Starlight. That is the first novel in my Starlight Series that takes place in New York City during the last stage of World War II.
Don't you love a man in a kilt? The second book in the series, Deception in Scotland, is set in the land of the Scots. During the all out effort to fight the Germans in World War II, factories in Scotland were converted to build engines and wings for Spitfire fighter planes. These books are stand alone novels so it doesn't matter which you read first. The connection to all the novels in the series is that at least one character in each book of the series graduated from Oxford between 1936 and 1938. (Please forgive that I wrote a book set in 1945 before I wrote the next in the series set in 1942. I have a meandering brain.) I tell you this so that you will understand from the beginning that my brain meanders excessively. Please don't hold that against me. I hope we will become good friends.
I probably should have mentioned as my first snippet that I love history. I was a world history teacher long ago and far away. In addition to my World War II series, I write a series of novels set in the Victorian era.
Zara Flynn


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According to the opening narrator, in 1976 the Thames company interviewed executives of the Phillip Morris company for a documentary on cigarettes. When Phillip Morris saw the results, they were outraged. Phillip Morris claims that Thames took great efforts to disguise the purpose of the interviews and took the matter to court in Britain. The courts ordered that all copies of the documentary were to be turned over the Phillip Morris. Well, one copy wasn't and became the subject of this documentary, "The Strange Case Of Death In The West".
"Death in the West" is considered to be one of the finest documentaries ever made. It was originally produced for British television and vigorously suppressed by tobacco interests. This powerful expose of cigarette advertising myths juxtaposes the healthy independent image of the Marlboro man, defended in revealing interviews with tobacco industry executives, with the stark reality of six smoking cowboys, all dying of smoking-induced illnesses. The video increases perception of the hazards of smoking, creates skepticism about cigarette advertising, and discourages young viewers from starting to smoke.


Have you ever wondered what the worlds most expensive watches look like and who created them? Well, we found a great video that showcases the ten most expensive watches on the planet. Well we think so. There could be other watches out there that have been privately designed and built. Who knows?
10. Ulysse Nardin – Royal Blue Tourbillon –$1 million.
9. Patek Philippe Sky Moon Tourbillon – $1.3 million.
8. Parmigiani Fleurier – Fibonacci Pocket Watch – $2.4 million.
7. Franck Muller – Aeternitas Mega 4 – $2.7 million.
6. Cartier Secret Watch with Phoenix Decor – $2.75 million.
5. Patek Philippe's Platinum World Time – $4 million.
4. Louis Moinet Meteoris – $4.6million.
3. Patek Philippe Super Complication – $11 million.
2. 201 – carat Chopard – $25 1million.
1. Jaeger LeCoultre Joaillerie 101 Manchette – Priceless.


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Hopefully fans of the original 1994 classic X-COM: UFO Defense are aware that 2K Games is re-making it, bringing all the original goodness along with some nice graphics and minor tweaks for today's gamer.
Most important is that the tactical turn-based combat, which fans of the original loved, is in the game! Now, I am not very religious but can I get an Amen? Heck yeah! Any long suffering fans of turn-based games will remember the gutting that happened when studios thought gamers wanted the more action oriented real-time combat and how many games that could have been great suffered for it.
The more I see about this game, the more I like. I'm not trying to get too eager, but man I love me some turn-based combat.
Save up for October 9th, 2012!!!
This entry was posted in #xcom and tagged #turnbasedcombat, #turnbasedgames, #xcom, gaming. Bookmark the permalink.
I am amazed that this game is being made at all. So looking forward to dissecting sectoids and mutons again.
I'm so glad you decided to dust off your blog. I've read over a lot of what you've written so far and I'm impressed.
Thanks. I just enjoy talking about games, so I thought I would give this another try.
I've already reached my limit for buying games this year, and only have $40 left to spend on games. So, hopefully, this game will go on sale soon.
I'm a little late, but, don't forget that 2k is actually making 2 x-com games.
I know they are also making a shooter (which is delayed until next year I think). I just think it will shine better in it's original format.
ooooo! i thought there was only going to be the first person shooter xcom remake!! very excited!


text:
Email Encryption Gets Easier
But are these new methods enough to convince enterprises to secure their messages with in-house systems - or that they even need to?
Remember the OpenPGP and S/MIME email encryption wars? Back then, it was all about which encryption protocol would become the standard for protecting email messages from prying eyes.
The headache and complexity of using encryption keys for messaging wasn't appealing to the typical organization or end user. And now, about a decade later, most users still don't encrypt their email messages. "The way a traditional PKI works, it's useless to make the majority of information workers send and receive email" with it, says Richi Jennings, an analyst with Ferris Research.
But email encryption technology is actually getting easier to deploy and manage today, with new approaches such as identity-based encryption (IBE) from companies like Voltage Security and Identum that match users to their more tangible email addresses or logons. There are several email encryption service offerings as well, such as Goodmail for consumers, as well as from service providers like Yahoo. (See Six Hot Security Products.)
So far, email encryption is still mainly used by organizations with highly sensitive missions or information, or paranoid security types who know too much. But enterprises, especially those under the heaviest regulatory microscopes like healthcare and financial services, are starting to look more closely at email encryption. The recent epidemic of laptop thefts and customer data leaks has also spurred interest in giving email encryption a second look.
Aside from Voltage Security's SecureMail, which uses a special algorithm that turns a user's logon or email address into a public/private key pair, email encryption pioneer PGP yesterday rolled out a new feature for its PGP Universal Gateway product that lets you send encrypted mail to an organization or recipient that doesn't have secure messaging.
"At the end of the day, you can't dictate what's on the recipient's end. There has be some transparent way to communicate," says John Dasher, director of product management for PGP.
"It's [email encryption] becoming more usable," says Christopher Gervais, enterprise architect for Partners HealthCare System, a Boston-based network of hospitals and research labs, who says email encryption may be an option for the company in the near future. "Some of the email encryption experience for end users has become more integrated -- there's no more goofy manual certificate management, or [having to decide] do I encrypt this or that. It's becoming more automated."
Integro Insurance, for instance, runs Voltage's appliance for internal email among its 13 locations worldwide, and then with a Web-based setup for external messaging. "Encryption has to be painless or people are not going to do it," says Fred Danback, principal and head of global technology services for Integro Insurance Brokers. "Users get frustrated if they can't open a message they need."
Danback says he configured the appliance, which cost about $40,000, by registering it via the firm's Active Directory, not user by user, so it was simple to deploy. Each user gets a Voltage plug-in for Outlook, and then all they do is hit the "send secure" button to encrypt a message using their email address. "And oftentimes I don't know when a message to me was encrypted," he says, because it's automatically decrypted for him. Aside from a handful of policies (such as all messages with "HR bonus payoffs" or "open enrollment" automatically get encrypted), most email encryption at Integro is at the user's discretion, he says.
Email encryption has even become a sort of selling point for the company: Danback attributes a half-million-dollar deal the firm recently sealed with a New York investment bank to Integro's email encryption capabilities. "The [win] was largely due to the security of our infrastructure and our ability to send and receive encrypted messages."
And meanwhile, an in-house email encryption installation today also obviously must address the growing number of BlackBerries, Trios, and iPhones in organizations. Partners HealthCare's Gervais says adding handhelds to the equation would be a factor if he were to adopt email encryption: "We have more and more users getting their email on different types of devices -- BlackBerry, Trio, iPhones, etc., and users getting their mail through Web interfaces from different endpoints and nodes."
Whether email encryption truly goes mainstream isn't clear. For now, many firms merely use secure VPN connections to their business partners when sending sensitive mail, notes Ferris Research's Jennings. "That's not what encryption maestros call desktop-to-desktop, but it means certain email is not going unencrypted over the public Internet."
"I don't see a large percentage of email getting encrypted over the Internet [yet]... We're still in the very early days of email encryption," Jennings says.
Voltage Security Inc.
Identum
Ferris Research
Vulnerabilities/ThreatsRiskCompliance


text:
A Ineos Grenadiers (UCI csapatkód: INS; korábban Team Ineos, Team Sky, Sky Procycling) egy brit, profi, országúti kerékpárcsapat. Jelenleg UCI WorldTeam besorolással rendelkezik. 2009. február 26-án alakult és 2010 januárjában kezdtek versenyezni, a csapat Team Sky néven tevékenykedett 2019. május 30-ig. Ezt követően nevüket Team Ineosra változtatták az új menedzser cég miatt.

Keret (2023)

Külső hivatkozások
 Hivatalos weboldal

Kerékpárcsapatok
Az Egyesült Királyság sportélete

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


After a scorcher of an Irish bank holiday it's back to the fold. There was no Stockcharts.com review for this week because of the holiday. Yesterday was a tale of moving average resistance and bearish candlestick patterns. The Dow showed the clearest bearish pattern with a Falling Three Method candlestick combo suggesting a measured move target down around 12,055.


text:
Marcopolo Veneza foi um dos modelos de ônibus urbanos da Marcopolo. Foi fabricado entre os anos de 1970 e 1983 numa época de transição de projetos da empresa, que mudou seu nome de Nicola para Marcopolo em 1971. Teve versões urbana padrão, articulado e romeu-e-julieta.

O Veneza foi o primeiro modelo urbano propriamente dito da Marcopolo, lançado no final de 1970, pois os modelos anteriores ainda tinha o molde da Nicola Ouro. Chegou a estar em linha de fabricação tanto na época em que a fábrica ainda se chamava Nicola (nome referente à família que era sócia majoritária) quanto nos primórdios da nova fase da fábrica, sem a família Nicola e já com o nome Marcopolo.

O Veneza coexistiu com outro ônibus que foi sucesso da Marcopolo, o San Remo, criado em 1974. Apesar de os dois ônibus serem destinados para os transportes urbanos e interurbanos, o fato de os dois praticamente viverem numa época só era perfeitamente aceitável, já que havia diferenças nas propostas entre ambos. O San Remo nasceu com a proposta de ter uma melhor relação custo/benefício, além de ser mais leve. Já o Veneza era uma espécie de ônibus urbano Premium da Marcopolo.

Veneza II
No final de 1977, o Veneza ganhava uma nova versão denominada Veneza II, com linhas ainda mais modernas, maior espaço interno e novos materiais. Foi nessa versão que saiu o modelo articulado. Depois de 1981 sua produção caiu drasticamente, deixando de ser fabricado no ano de 1983 (quando a fábrica da Eliziário em Porto Alegre fechou as portas) e abriu caminho para o Marcopolo Torino.

Versões
O Veneza teve algumas aplicações voltadas para tráfego em áreas difíceis. Também foram vistos nesta época, Marcopolo Veneza no estilo Romeu e Julieta. Era uma espécie de antecessor do ônibus articulado. O ônibus puxava um reboque que também levava passageiros.

Mas houve também Veneza Articulado e Veneza Expresso.

Chassis
O Marcopolo Veneza foi fabricado predominantemente sobre o chassi Mercedes-Benz. Já o Veneza II, apesar de ser em sua maioria encarroçado sobre chassi da Mercedes, também existiu com motorização Fiat, e mais raro ainda de se encontrar com chassis Scania e Volvo.

Veneza


text:
in Now Trending, Sports
Kevin De Bruyn Untold Stories and Net Worth
by Blogtify August 19, 2019, 3:07 pm 1.6k Views 0 Comments
Who is Kevin De Bruyne?
Kevin De Bruyne Childhood & Early Life
Kevin De Bruyn Career
How does Kevin De Bruyne make his money?
Kevin De Bruyne Personal Life
Kevin De Bruyne Bio Wiki
Kevin De Bruyne is a Belgium born professional soccer player, who plays for the English Premier League team 'Manchester City' as well as the Belgian national team.
Named the 'fourth best footballer' in the world by 'The Guardian' in 2017, he is frequently described by the media as a 'complete footballer' as well as the 'Best European Footballer.
Born and grew up in Ghent, Belgium, he started his amateur football career from his hometown and played in the team 'Genk,' leading his team to a win at the 2010-11 'Belgian Pro League.' His performance didn't go unnoticed by the Premier League teams, and he was signed on by 'Chelsea' in 2012.
He was later signed on by the German club 'Wolfsburg' and earned the honour, '2015's Footballer of the Year' in Germany. The honour came to him following his successful 2014-15 season with Wolfsburg, comprising of 16 goals and 27 assists. In August 2015, Manchester City announced about his inclusion in the team in a six years contract. As a part of the Belgian team, Kevin played in the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the UEFA Euro 2016.
Kevin De Bruyne was born on June 28, 1991 in Drongen, Ghent, Belgium, to Herwig and Anna. Kevin spent early few years of his life travelling through England and Africa, due to his mother's background. His father was involved in the oil investment business and hence his family was almost always on the move due to business purposes.
Kevin's first stint with football took place while he was 4 years of age and living in his hometown of Drongen. He then started playing football in school. One of the biggest early motivations for Kevin was the fact that Belgian football was in a very pathetic condition when he was growing up.
At the age of 14, Kevin left him home due to lack of proper infrastructure that could provide wings to his aspirations of becoming a world class footballer. He joined Genk's academy in its youth system and started honing his skills. During his early years at the academy itself, he started gaining media attention and was already a star player in his teenage.
Although his family had no dearth of money, Kevin survived on the very little money that he made at the club. He attributes this time to be the epoch that made him independent. He only visited his family during the weekends and put all his heart and soul in football.
In 2008, his hard-work finally paid off and he was selected for the first team squad in Genk and made his debut in May 2009. However, he was only able to establish himself in the team by the next year. The 2010-11 season turned out to be lucky one for Genk as they were crowned with the Belgian Championship. In all the 32 games that he played in the league, Kevin scored five goals and 16 assists.
In October 2011, Kevin scored his first hat-trick for Genk in a match winning performance against Club Brugge. He finished the league with 8 goals that he scored in 28 matches. By February 2012, English club Chelsea had decided to bring Kevin in their team and Kevin made his debut for them in July 2012.
In August 2012, Chelsea made the official announcement regarding the temporary transfer of Kevin to the German team Werder Bremen ahead of the Bundesliga. His competitive performance in Bundesliga justified his loaning perfectly and in July 2013, Kevin made a comeback to the official Chelsea line-up.Kevin de Bruyne Net Worth 20202: $30 Million
As of 2018, Kevin de Bruyne's net worth is estimated to be around $30 million. He earns £260,000 weekly for Manchester City.
As with many professional athletes, De Bruyne draws his wealth from a mixture of lucrative contracts and endorsement deals.
He signed with Chelsea in January 2012 in a five-and-a-half-year deal and later signed with Manchester City in August 2015 for a reported club record of £55 million ($70m) over six years, making him the second-most expensive transfer in the history of UK football.
In addition, De Bruyne has also racked up a number of endorsement deals over the course of his career, including with Nike and Orange.
Kevin De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michele Lacroix since 2014 and the couple gave birth to a son in 2016. Following the childbirth, the couple got married in June 2017.
Kevin is known for his short temper off and on the field. In 2013, it was reported by Daily Mail that Kevin's then girlfriend Caroline Lijnen was cheating on Kevin with his teammate Thibaut Courtois. Kevin violently attacked Courtois during one of their practice session and they both reconciled later.
Kevin travelled extensively when he was a kid and his love for learning new languages made him fluent in French, Dutch, English and German.
Full name Kevin De Bruyne
Date of birth 28 June 1991 (age 28)
Place of birth Drongen, Ghent, Belgium
Height 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)
Playing position Midfielder
1997–1999 KVV Drongen
1999–2005 Gent
2005–2008 Genk
Years and Teams
2008–2012 : Genk
2012–2014: Chelsea
2012–2013: Werder Bremen (loan)
2014–2015: VfL Wolfsburg
2015–: Manchester City
2008–2009Belgium U18
2010– Belgium
Philippe Coutinho Untold Stories and Net Worth
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Reference: Wikipedia
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text:
Q: Nest is not Auto mapping not analized field I created a mapped entity:
[ElasticsearchType(Name = "cases")]
public class Case
{

    [String(Name = "case_name")]
    public string CaseName { get; set; }

    [String(Name = "md5", Index = FieldIndexOption.NotAnalyzed)]
    public string Md5 { get; set; }

}

And then:
client.Map<Case>(mp => mp.AutoMap());

But is not including the index type for the md5 field mapping:
GET _mapping
{
  "myindex": {
    "mappings": {
      "cases": {
        "properties": {
          "case_name": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "md5": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

What am I missing?

A: Your code works for me when running against a newly created index
void Main()
{
    var pool = new SingleNodeConnectionPool(new Uri("http://localhost:9200"));
    var defaultIndex = "default-index";
    var connectionSettings = new ConnectionSettings(pool)
            .DefaultIndex(defaultIndex)
            .PrettyJson()
            .DisableDirectStreaming()
            .OnRequestCompleted(response =>
                {
                    // log out the request
                    if (response.RequestBodyInBytes != null)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(
                            $"{response.HttpMethod} {response.Uri} \n" +
                            $"{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(response.RequestBodyInBytes)}");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"{response.HttpMethod} {response.Uri}");
                    }

                    Console.WriteLine();
                    // log out the response
                    if (response.ResponseBodyInBytes != null)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"Status: {response.HttpStatusCode}\n\n" +
                                 $"{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(response.ResponseBodyInBytes)}\n" +
                                 $"{new string('-', 30)}\n");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"Status: {response.HttpStatusCode}\n" +
                                 $"{new string('-', 30)}\n");
                    }
                });

    var client = new ElasticClient(connectionSettings);

    if (client.IndexExists(defaultIndex).Exists)
        client.DeleteIndex(defaultIndex);

    client.CreateIndex(defaultIndex);
    client.Map<Case>(mp => mp.AutoMap());
    client.GetMapping<Case>();
}

[ElasticsearchType(Name = "cases")]
public class Case
{
    [String(Name = "case_name")]
    public string CaseName { get; set; }

    [String(Name = "md5", Index = FieldIndexOption.NotAnalyzed)]
    public string Md5 { get; set; }
}

yields the following in the console
HEAD http://localhost:9200/default-index?pretty=true

Status: 200

------------------------------

DELETE http://localhost:9200/default-index?pretty=true

Status: 200

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

------------------------------

PUT http://localhost:9200/default-index?pretty=true
{}

Status: 200

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

------------------------------

PUT http://localhost:9200/default-index/cases/_mapping?pretty=true
{
  "properties": {
    "case_name": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "md5": {
      "type": "string",
      "index": "not_analyzed"
    }
  }
}

Status: 200

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

------------------------------

GET http://localhost:9200/default-index/_mapping/cases?pretty=true

Status: 200

{
  "default-index" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "cases" : {
        "properties" : {
          "case_name" : {
            "type" : "string"
          },
          "md5" : {
            "type" : "string",
            "index" : "not_analyzed"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

------------------------------

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Economic Centres
Municipal Analysis
Working Meetings
Targovishte
The growth of GDP in the district is relatively high, but its volume remains relatively low. The poverty level is decreasing. Targovishte is the district with the poorest performance as regards the labor market indicators. There has been a contraction in investment and production. The quality of the road surfaces is among the best in the country. The levels of local taxes in the district remain relatively low. The self-assessment of the local administrations on e-government development has gone up and remains higher than the national average.
Natural population growth in the district is deteriorating and the number of people settling in the district is declining. The coverage of the education system is low and student results are poor. Access to GPs is difficult. Health insurance coverage is increasing but remains below average. Criminal judges in the district are among the least busy in the country and this affects the speed of delivery of justice. The share of the sewerage networks connected to a wastewater treatment plant is low. The intensity of cultural life in the district is increasing.
Download the full report for Targovishte
Download reports from preivious years:
2020 2019 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Download PDF
Изберете регион от картата, за да видите детайли.
Compare regions
Select regions:
Choose a region to compare Blagoevgrad Burgas Varna Veliko Tarnovo Vidin Vratsa Gabrovo Dobrich Kardzali Kyustendil Lovech Montana Pazardzhik Pernik Pleven Plovdiv Razgrad Ruse Silistra Sliven Smolyan Sofia Sofia (capital) Stara Zagora Targovishte Haskovo Shumen Yambol
Comparison method:
Specific indicator (all years) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Average annual income per household member Average annual gross salary Relative share of population living in material deprivation Relative share of people living below the country's poverty line Unemployment rate of the population aged 15-64 (annual average) Demographic replacement rate Employment rate of the population aged 15-64 (annual average) Relative share of the population aged 25-64 with tertiary education Relative share of the population aged 25-64 with primary or lower education Economic activity rate of the population aged 15-64 (annual average) Number of non-financial companies per 1,000 people Expenditures for acquisition of fixed tangible assets per capita EU funds (for municipalities) per capita Foreign direct investment in non-financial enterprises per capita (cumulative) Road network density Railway network density Relative share of motorways and first class roads Relative share of households with Internet access Relative share of people (aged 16 to 74) that have used Internet in the past 12 months Share of roads in good condition Immovable property tax for legal entities Vehicle tax (commercial and passenger vehicles, 74 kW to 110 kW) Annual license tax for retailers (up to 100 sq.m. of retail space - for most favourable location of the site) Annual waste collection charge for properties of legal entities Local tax on the sale of immovable property Average annual taxi service patent tax Share of territory included in cadastral map Level of development of local government e-services Level of development of one-stop shop services Transparency rating Local Integrity System Index Old age dependancy ratio 65+ to 0-15 Old age dependancy ratio 65+ to 15-64 Share of urban population Population density (calculated based on populated areas and other urban areas) Natural growth rate Net migration rate Students in colleges and universities 1000 people Net enrolment rate of the population (grades 5th through 8th) Relative share of repeaters Share of dropouts from primary and secondary education Percent of failed students at state matriculation exams Average grades at state matriculation exams Teachers in primary and secondary education per 1000 pupils Number of people per general practitioner Number of people per doctor of a leading medical specialty Health insured persons as share of the population Number of beds in Multi-profile Hospitals for AMT per 1 000 people Cases of hospitalization in Multi-profile AMT Hospitals per 1 000 people Infant mortality rate Share of criminal cases closed in the first 3 months Share of pending criminal cases Actual workload of penal judges Crimes against the person and property per 1000 people Clearance rate for crimes against the person and property, registered throughout the year Household waste generated per capita of serviced population Share of the population living in settlements with public sewerage systems, connected to WWTP Share of population living in settlements with public sewerage systems Emissions of carbon dioxide per sq. km. of the territory Number of visits to cinemas per 1,000 people of the average annual population Number of visits to theatres per 1,000 people of the average annual population Number of visits to museums per 1,000 people of the average annual population Number of visits to libraries per 1,000 people of the average annual population
Add more regions
Income and living conditions
In 2020, the growth of GDP in Targovishte district was relatively high, but its amount remained relatively low – 11,000 BGN per person, compared to 17,300 BGN per person in the country. However, incomes and salaries also went up, although they too failed to reach the average levels. The annual gross salary of employed people was 13,400 BGN, against 16,700 BGN in the country. The poverty level in the district is decreasing and remains below the country's average. The share of the population living with material deprivation is 14.5%, compared to 19.4% in the country, while the share of those living below the poverty line is 21.4%, versus 22.1% nationally in 2021.
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (2020)
11013.00 BGN >
Statistical data in the past 21 years
Average annual income per household member (2021)
5700.00 BGN >
Average annual gross salary (2020)
Relative share of population living in material deprivation (2021)
14.50% >
Statistical data in the past 3 years
Relative share of people living below the country's poverty line (2021)
To the top View details about (Income and living conditions) for all regions
In 2021, Targovishte was once again the district with the worst performance as regards the labor market indicators. Economic activity continued to shrink, reaching 62.4%, versus 72.0% in the country. This decline was accompanied by falling employment and a minimal drop in unemployment. The employment rate was 55.7%, compared to 68.1% in the country, and the unemployment rate was 10.8%, versus 5.3% countrywide. A huge challenge for the labor market in the district is the deteriorating educational structure of the workforce, even though 2021 saw a significant improvement. The share of the population aged 25–64 with primary or lower education dropped by over 6 p.p. and is no longer the highest in the country (a place now occupied by Sliven district), having reached 32.2%, compared to 16.6% in the country. The share of university graduates increased to 17.1%, against 29.6% nationally. The population replacement rate as a ratio of those aged 15–19 to the 60–64 age group has continued to increase to reach 70.0%, against 69.4% in the country in 2021. This means that for every 100 people who are about to leave the labor market in the next few years, there will be 70 young people joining the workforce.
Unemployment rate of the population aged 15-64 (annual average) (2021)
Demographic replacement rate (2021)
Employment rate of the population aged 15-64 (annual average) (2021)
Relative share of the population aged 25-64 with tertiary education (2021)
Relative share of the population aged 25-64 with primary or lower education (2021)
Economic activity rate of the population aged 15-64 (annual average) (2021)
To the top View details about (Labour market) for all regions
Due to the markedly industrial profile of the local economy and the significant role played by big business, Targovishte has a relatively small number of enterprises – 37 per 1,000 people in 2020, with an upward trend. At the same time, investment and production in the district are shrinking. FTA acquisition expenditures per person decreased by 1/3 to 1,500 BGN/person, against 3,300 BGN/person in the country. FDI reached 2,500 EUR/person, compared to 3,900 EUR/person in the country, and production value – 16,500 BGN/person, against 27,200 BGN/person in the country. Utilization of European funds in the district remains low. By 30 June 2022, payments made in the district to beneficiaries of EU operational programs amounted to 1,459 BGN/person. Within the district, the highest amounts were utilized by Popovo municipality.
Number of non-financial companies per 1,000 people (2020)
37.00 >
Expenditures for acquisition of fixed tangible assets per capita (2020)
1525.00BGN >
EU funds (for municipalities) per capita (2022)
Foreign direct investment in non-financial enterprises per capita (cumulative) (2020)
2477.00 EUR >
To the top View details about (Investments) for all regions
The density of the railway network again remained relatively low in 2021. The average density of the road network is generally above the country's average, but the share of highways and first-class roads is relatively low – 14.7%, compared to the national average of 18.5%. Nevertheless, the quality of road surfaces is among the best in the country. In 2021, 60% of the roads in the district were in good condition, compared to 42% in the country. There has been an improvement in the population's access to the internet, which within the past three years has exceeded the national average, reaching 88% in 2021, compared to 83.5% in the country. The share of households connected to a gas supply is also relatively high – 8.3%, versus 5.3% in the country.
Road network density (2021)
19.30 km/100 sq.km >
Railway network density (2021)
2.70 km/100 sq.km >
Relative share of motorways and first class roads (2021)
Relative share of households with Internet access (2021)
Relative share of people (aged 16 to 74) that have used Internet in the past 12 months (2018)
Share of roads in good condition (2021)
To the top View details about (Infrastructure) for all regions
Taxes and administration
Local taxes in the municipalities of Targovishte district again remained at relatively low levels in 2022. None of the monitored taxes was higher than the respective national average. Relatively, the lowest tax rates were those on the immovable non-residential property for legal entities and on taxi transportation – respectively 1.92‰ (versus 2.06‰ in the country), and 288 BGN (against 478 BGN in the country). Within the district, the average local taxes are the lowest in the municipality of Antonovo and the highest in the municipality of Omurtag.
Immovable property tax for legal entities (2022)
1.92‰ >
Vehicle tax (commercial and passenger vehicles, 74 kW to 110 kW) (2022)
1.52 leva/kW >
Annual license tax for retailers (up to 100 sq.m. of retail space - for most favourable location of the site) (2022)
9.09 leva/sq.m >
Annual waste collection charge for properties of legal entities (2018)
Local tax on the sale of immovable property (2022)
Average annual taxi service patent tax (2022)
288.00 BGN >
To the top View details about (Taxes and administration) for all regions
The cadastral map of the district already covers 95.5% of the territory. The municipalities' average self-assessments on the development of e-government have gone up and remained above the national average. However, the self-assessment on the provision of one-stop-shop services has declined and has fallen below the national average. There has also been a decline in the AIP active transparency rating of the local administrations, which in 2022 almost equaled the national average – 70.1% in the district, compared to 70.2% in the country.
Share of territory included in cadastral map (2021)
Level of development of local government e-services (2022)
3.81/5 >
Level of development of one-stop shop services (2022)
Transparency rating (2022)
Local Integrity System Index (2016)
3.02/5.00 >
To the top View details about (Administration) for all regions
In 2021, natural population growth visibly deteriorated and resident numbers declined. The natural population growth rate dropped to –16.7‰, compared to –13.2‰ nationally. At the same time, net migration went down and its rate was again negative, though not too low at –0.8‰. The population ageing rate remains close to the national average. In 2021, the population replacement rate as a ratio of the population aged 65+ to those aged 0–14 was 151.3%, compared to 149.3% in the country, and to those aged 15–64 it was 34.8%, against 34.0% in the country. The degree of urbanization in the district has not changed significantly in recent years and remains among the lowest in the country – 54.3% in Targovishte, compared to 73.1% in the country. Population density in the urban settlements is also relatively low – 1,050 persons/sq. km, compared to 1,489 people in the country on average.
Old age dependancy ratio 65+ to 0-15 (2021)
151.30% >
Old age dependancy ratio 65+ to 15-64 (2021)
Share of urban population (2021)
Population density (calculated based on populated areas and other urban areas) (2021)
1050.00people/sq.km >
Natural growth rate (2021)
-16.70‰ >
Net migration rate (2021)
-0.80‰ >
To the top View details about (Demographics) for all regions
Targovishte is among the districts with the lowest coverage of the education system. In 2021, the net enrolment in 5th–8th grade was the second lowest in the country, after that in Dobrich district, and it even deteriorated compared to the previous year, with 74.4%, against 85.9% nationally. The shares of students that have repeated a class or have dropped out from primary and secondary education remain higher than in the country. The relative number of teachers is 111 per 1,000 students, compared to 97 teachers per 1,000 students in the country. Students' results, however, again remained unsatisfactory in 2022. The average score in the external examination in mathematics after 7th grade was 30.2 points, versus the average of 35.3 points in the country. The average grade in the State matriculation exam in Bulgarian language and literature was "Good" 3.63, compared to 3.97 in the country, and the share of "fail" grades (below 3.00) was 23.1%, against 17.0% nationally.
Students in colleges and universities 1000 people (2021)
0.00 students >
Net enrolment rate of the population (grades 5th through 8th) (2021)
Relative share of repeaters (2021)
0.97% >
Share of dropouts from primary and secondary education (2019)
Percent of failed students at state matriculation exams (2022)
Average grades at state matriculation exams (2022)
3.63 >
Teachers in primary and secondary education per 1000 pupils (2021)
111.00 teachers >
To the top View details about (Education) for all regions
After Kardzhali district, Targovishte is the district with the most difficult access to GPs, with an average of 2,300 persons per doctor in 2021, compared to 1,734 persons per doctor nationally. The index of access to specialist physicians also has an unfavorable value. Over the past few years, the number of beds in the district's general hospitals has been gradually increasing and in 2021 it reached 5.50 beds per 1,000 persons, compared to 5.62 beds per 1,000 persons in the country. The health system coverage in the district has been rising but remains below the national average – 87.5% of the population have health insurance, compared to the national average of 88.7%. Population morbidity, measured by the number of hospitalizations, is relatively high – 153.0 per 1,000 persons on average were treated in the local general hospitals, compared to the national average of 222.6 patients per 1,000 persons. However, this may mean that residents seek health care outside the district, given the relatively low access to doctors and beds. Infant mortality has been rising and is above the national average.
Number of people per general practitioner (2021)
2300.00 >
Number of people per doctor of a leading medical specialty (2018)
524.00 >
Health insured persons as share of the population (2021)
Number of beds in Multi-profile Hospitals for AMT per 1 000 people (2021)
Cases of hospitalization in Multi-profile AMT Hospitals per 1 000 people (2021)
Infant mortality rate (2021)
To the top View details about (Healthcare) for all regions
Security and justice
Criminal judges in the district are among the least busy in the country, preceded in this category only by those in Smolyan, and in 2021 once again this affected the speed of justice delivery. One criminal judge heard an average of 5.3 cases per month, compared to an average of 9.0 cases per judge in the country. The relative share of criminal cases closed within 3 months was 95%, against 89% nationally, and pending cases made up 6.4%, against 11.8% countrywide. The crime rate in Targovishte remains relatively low and the detection rate is high. The crimes against the person and property registered in 2021 amounted to 9.3 per 1,000 persons, compared to 9.8 per 1,000 persons nationally. The detection rate was among the highest in the country, after that in Gabrovo – 71.7%, against 51.7% nationally.
Share of criminal cases closed in the first 3 months (2021)
Share of pending criminal cases (2021)
Actual workload of penal judges (2021)
5.30 cases/judge/month >
Crimes against the person and property per 1000 people (2021)
Clearance rate for crimes against the person and property, registered throughout the year (2021)
To the top View details about (Security and justice) for all regions
The volumes of waste generated by the households in Targovishte district are considerably smaller than in the country on average – 290 kg/person per year, compared to the national average of 409 kg/person. At the same time, the share of waste handed over for treatment and recycling is high – 80.2% in 2020, versus the national average of 69.3%. The share of households connected to a public sewerage network remains practically unchanged – 54.2%, compared to 76.3% in the country. A bare 44.3% of the sewerage networks are connected to a wastewater treatment plant, which is considerably below the national average of 66.7%. The amount of forest areas is lower than the country's average (26.3% in the district, against 33.1% in the country), but degraded land is also limited (0.12% against 0.42% in the country) in 2021.
Household waste generated per capita of serviced population (2020)
290.00 кг./човек >
Share of the population living in settlements with public sewerage systems, connected to WWTP (2020)
Share of population living in settlements with public sewerage systems (2020)
Emissions of carbon dioxide per sq. km. of the territory (2019)
87.50 tonnes/sq.km >
To the top View details about (Environment) for all regions
After the sharp decline in 2020, cultural life in the district intensified in 2021, although none of the values of the monitored indicators managed to return to their pre-pandemic levels. Cinema visits reached 19 per 1,000 persons, against 351 per 1,000 persons nationally. Visits to the local theatres and museums numbered 165 per 1,000 persons, against 129 per 1,000 persons in the country, and 82 per 1,000 persons, against 426 per 1,000 persons nationwide respectively. The local libraries are among the most visited in the country – they attracted 976 visits per 1,000 persons, against 449 per 1,000 persons in the country on average.
Number of visits to cinemas per 1,000 people of the average annual population (2021)
Number of visits to theatres per 1,000 people of the average annual population (2021)
Number of visits to museums per 1,000 people of the average annual population (2021)
Number of visits to libraries per 1,000 people of the average annual population (2020)
To the top View details about (Culture) for all regions
Tourism and city life in Sofia forgot about the pandemic and are already reporting records 27.01.2023
The new "Economic and Investment Profile of Sofia" (2022), prepared by the IME for the Sofia Investment...
The recovery in 2021 rearranged the ranking of regional economies 27.01.2023
Bulgaria's regional development remains very uneven, and the recovery from the covid crisis in 2021...
Regions in Bulgaria Region Blagoevgrad Burgas Varna Veliko Tarnovo Vidin Vratsa Gabrovo Dobrich Kardzali Kyustendil Lovech Montana Pazardzhik Pernik Pleven Plovdiv Razgrad Ruse Silistra Sliven Smolyan Sofia Sofia (capital) Stara Zagora Targovishte Haskovo Shumen Yambol
All categories Category Economic development └- Income and living conditions └- Labour market └- Investments └- Infrastructure └- Taxes and administration └- Administration Social development └- Demographics └- Education └- Healthcare └- Security and justice └- Environment └- Culture
Regions in Bulgaria
Veliko Tarnovo
Gabrovo
Kardzali
Lovech
Pazardzhik
Silistra
Sofia (capital)
Haskovo
Yambol
Institute for Market Economics
"America for Bulgaria" Foundation
2023 © Institute for Market Economics
Created by MTR Design


HORSE can be defined as one of the mixed game variants of poker. This format is quite popular in WSOP and is generally played by players in land based casinos. The reason behind playing this combination of the card games can be attributed to the fact that it reduces the edge of single game specialist. In order to be successful in HORSE Poker, a player must be proficient in all the games included in this combination.
It is a common belief that playing HORSE reveals the actual ability of a poker player. The rising popularity of this version can be also ascribed for being a popular contest in the World Championship of Online Poker.
The game play of the HORSE requires that one round of each game ascribed to this combination must be played among the players. It usually begins with Texas Hold'em, its fixed limit version, and then rotates through all the above mentioned variants. It should be noted that Razz, Stud and Eight or Better are generally played as seven card stud low, seven card stud high and seven card stud high-low variant respectively.
When players reach the end of the Seven Card Stud, then the game is restarted again from Texas Hold'em.
Texas Hold'em: Texas Hold'em is one of the most common variations of standard poker. This game is played with a standard deck of cards. It deals with two hole cards and five community cards with face sides up in three rounds known as "The Flop", "The Turn" and the "The River". Community and hole cards form the best five card hand. One should keep in mind that Aces have the highest value in this game.
Omaha Hi: Omaha poker can be classified as one of the derivatives of the Texas Hold'em. In this game all the players are provided with four "hole cards". These cards should be used along with five community cards, dealt by the dealer, to form a best hand. Players need to use any three community cards along with two of their hole cards to create the best poker hand.
Razz: Razz Poker is classified as a "Low" variant of Seven Card Stud Poker. Some players call it Seven Card Razz. The game play involves creating the lowest possible combination by using five cards from the hand of seven cards dealt to the player. Razz Poker is a form of lowball poker which considers ace to five as the lowest denomination cards. This game is played with a normal 52 card deck by two to eight players.
Stud: The Seven Card Stud requires a normal deck of cards for its game play. Two to eight players can play this game. When playing for a single pot at a time, a player should try to win maximum number of chips. The player with the highest number of chips wins this game. The whole game play of the game comprises of four sections which are Set Up, The Bring. Betting Rounds and Showdown.
Eight or Better: In this variant of Seven Card Stud, player with a traditional high poker hand and the player with the best Ace to Five lowball hand share the pot. In this game all players receive seven cards from the dealer. A player may form a best five card hand or a low hand with an eight or a better qualifier to win the pot. Some players call this game "Seven Card Stud Hi Lo".


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text:
links reviews absolute beginners
ABC +
Movie Title:
"Absolute Beginners" torrent
Mixed Reviews
Thin Acceptance
– Directed by Julien Temple
– Language English
0:00 - 0:10 0:11 - 0:20 0:21 - 0:30 0:31 - 0:40 0:41 - 0:50 0:51 - 1:00 1:01 - 1:20 1:21 - 1:30 1:31 - 1:40 1:41 - 2:00
Absolute Beginners is a 1986 slick mod-stylish rock musical movie adapted from Colin MacInnes book Absolute Beginners about life in late 1950s London. The movie was directed by Julien Temple and features roles by David Bowie and Sade. Also a breakout role for Patsy Kensit, later known for her marriage to Liam Gallagher.
:02:44
I remember that hot, wonderful summer...
when the teenage miracle
reached full bloom...
and everyone in England stopped
what they were doing...
to stare at what had happened.
The Soho nights were cool in the heat...
with light and music in the streets.
And we couldn't believe
that this was really coming to us at last.
Nobody knew exactly why.
But after so many dreary years
of bombs and blitz and slow rebuilding...
no sugar, no jam, nothing sweet anywhere...
with the whole English world
dressed in gray, it seemed, forever.
Suddenly life broke out
in warm colors again...
so young and beautiful that a lot of people
couldn't stand to look at it.
For the first time ever, kids were teenagers.
We had loot, however come by.
And loot's for spending.
And where there's loot, trouble follows.
During my last teenage year,
I kept myself by taking photographs.
Naughty pictures for profit.
And solid street pictures for love.
So that when the blossom went off,
and the flower turned to plastic...
me and my friends
could remember how it looked.
Money for looks. Money for film.
But most of all, money for Suzette.


Fourth in a series about the intersection between religion and technology. The previous essay is here.
Although it may not be immediately obvious, a consequential, load-bearing part of Bostrom's argument that we are likely to exist within a simulation, is the question of motivation. Solving the why of whether we might be simulated is at least as important as the how. It potentially increases to a substantial extent our total explanatory expenditure if we want to justify belief in both an unreal universe and a real one. We are now required to explain both how our existence might be founded in the existence of a more fundamental level of reality, and why our reality would be generated by that one. The stronger the "why," the less excess epistemological expense.
This is presumably why Bostrom assumes our simulators to be our own descendants, rather than exercising his imagination toward more fanciful scenarios. Not only do we think it likely that our descendants will exist one day, we can also easily attribute to them motivations similar to the ones that motivate us now to create our own, more crude and less convincing simulations. For instance, we now play video games, featuring simulated virtual realities, for entertainment. Our descendants might well do the same.
It has not been a part of many recent larger philosophical conversations, but the possible unrealness of the universe was once a major topic within philosophy. It used to be, however, that when people wanted to question reality, they turned not to computers, but to dreams. The pivotal philosopher and mathematician René Descartes's most famous work of philosophy, Meditations on First Philosophy, begins with the author's attempt to doubt all things dubitable. In this task, he is greatly assisted by the phenomena of dreams, which seem so real in the moment we are experiencing them, but which reveal themselves as momentary phantasms at the moment of awakening. If I do not know I am dreaming when I am dreaming, so runs the argument, how do I know I am awake when I am awake?
As it turns out, many of the odd bugaboos at the far outskirts of philosophy have their probable origins—or at least their easy analogs—in the world of dreams. For example, consider solipsism, the idea that only one real person actually exists in the universe, that everything else is an illusion created by unknown agency, and for unknown reasons, solely for the benefit of that one person (I must assume, as I write this, that the one real person is me, but you the reader, given that you exist, must picture that one real person as you).
Actual belief in solipsism is generally considered signs of a mental illness, and the prima facie refutation of it is simple: It is so much more complex and convoluted to make up an explanation of why there should seem to be a real external world, complete with other people acting independently, than it is to just accept that there is one. But how has such a notion entered our minds in the first place? Where did such a far-fetched scenario originate?
There is a milder version of the solipsistic fantasy in the 1998 movie The Truman Show, where the hero is, if not exactly the one real person in a world of figments, the one genuine person in a world in which everyone else is an actor (the motivation in this case being the entertainment of a larger, unseen, and external audience). But we all encounter a stronger version of solipsistic experience nightly, when we sleep and dream. Each night we inhabit a universe that seems to us, convincingly at the time, to have a wealth of external people and places in it. But all of those people and places are created inside our brains solely for the benefit of the dreamer. They may be copied from, or inspired by, real and external things and persons, but they do not possess their own independent existence.
In the modern world, we can place an additional, familiar experience of a solipsistic reality next to that of the dream: the single-player video game. In a typical game, you control the movements and actions of a player character around a simulated world, which is often filled with a wide variety of non-player characters (NPCs). Some of these NPCs may be friendly and helpful, others are enemies who must be defeated to advance in the game, but all of them are mere simulations, animated solely by the computer—except the player character. The player character is the only one who has actual free will of any sort, the only one with any type of real consciousness (borrowed, of course, from the actual player).
To put a fine point on it, this is not as much a solipsistic experience for the player, who is aware of the wider reality of the world outside the game, as it is for the player character, who, despite all appearances, is unique within his or her own simulated reality. And just as the assault upon our own sense of reality in the case of the dream comes less from the suspicion that we might be dreaming now (there are convincing ways to demonstrate we are not) and more from the suspicion that our own accepted reality might be something analogous to a dream (i.e., the dream of some entity from some deeper reality), so too, in the case of the video game player, existential doubt is raised not because we cannot distinguish between playing the game and real life, but rather because what we accept as reality might actually be the super-advanced video game of some futuristic civilization. To borrow from our earlier example, what this proposes is not that I am Mr. A's great-grandson, living in a future time, and playing the ancestor-simulation game, but that I am Mr. A-Prime, the player character within that game, to all appearances surrounded by persons like me, but in actuality alone in the cyberverse.
What about the objection that simulating your own universe is inherently impossible, because it would it would take all the resources of your universe to recreate itself? Here, the pioneering work of contemporary video games shows us the way forward: It is not necessary to simulate the entire universe, just the portion experienced by the player. A few locations can reliably imply a whole world without actually producing it.
For example, chances are, you have never personally been to outer space, so all of it could merely be a projected light show, for all you know. How many cities in how many countries have you visited? And how many locations in those cities have you explored in detail? By considering our world as a video game, rather than as a simulation, we can substantially reduce the technological power needed to make it a possibility.
The reason is that a video game is not (except in certain limited aspects) an actual simulation of reality. Instead, it is an emulation, a much simpler thing to achieve. Where a simulation seeks to duplicate the original, down to whatever fine level of detail is chosen, an emulation merely resembles the original, and only to the extent necessary to create the desired effect. One could conceptualize it as the difference between a "method" actor and a character actor. A method actor seeks to "become" the character she plays, she draws on her own experiences and memories, and experiences the character's emotions as if they were her own. The character actor, on the other hand, may more typically draw on a stock set of techniques to make the audience believe in the reality of the character and the character's emotions, without necessarily feeling them himself. Instead of remembering his dog's death as a way to make himself cry, he might conceal an onion in his hand as a way to stimulate tears.
This might not be a completely accurate rendition of acting techniques, but it does offer a vivid way to conceptualize the difference between simulation and emulation. The simulation is the method actor, it actually "thinks" it is the real thing, and duplicates it down to the most fundamental details. The emulation is the character actor; it gives you just enough to maintain the illusion. Accordingly, the entire world is contained in a simulation, but an emulation contains only as much of the world as it needs.
The concept that we might be living in some kind of super-advanced video game might seem fantastically far-fetched, but is it? We do not yet have the technology to emulate virtual reality to the level of sensual detail demanded by reality-as-we-know-it, but based on current trends, we might get there sooner than one might expect. As recently as thirty years in the past, video games were flat, two-dimensional affairs, with blocky, pixelated graphics that were cartoonish at best, and that made robotic beeps and boops in place of realistic sounds. In just that short span of time, we have advanced to a point where popular games such as Grand Theft Auto and Call of Duty take place in photorealistic three-dimensional rendering, with utterly believable sound, and relative freedom to explore a wide variety of locations. True, if you could dig under the surface of the ground, there would be no dirt below, and if you could travel out into space, there would be no other planets out there, and if you could drive between the cities you fight in, there would be no small towns along the way, but those are omissions you would never notice in an average game. Everything you're likely to see or interact with looks real. Given how quickly this current level of realism in computer games has developed, and how far it has traveled in just forty years or so, it's easy to imagine an utterly realistic, immersive video game environment, including smell, taste, and sensation, only twenty or thirty years in the future, rather than hundreds or thousands.
Two things make this video game scenario more achievable than a pure simulation. First, as mentioned above, it need not simulate an entire universe, nor even an entire planet. It just needs to emulate whatever you're experiencing at that given moment, a much smaller amount of invented data by several orders of magnitude. In other words, if our universe is a solipsistic, one-person video game, then it could be a whole lot smaller than it appears to be. Second, and more crucially, it does not need to achieve the simulation of consciousness, because the consciousness of the game character is borrowed from the player. You, the player, are the one who sees and (in our hypothetical future game) feels, and thinks and reacts and makes decisions.
This allows the creators of the game to defer the "hard problem of consciousness." The hard problem was named thus by Australian philosopher of mind David Chalmers, who introduced the concept in a memorable talk delivered at the University of Arizona in 1994. The idea is that we still are unable to understand, assuming a purely physicalist world, why it is that we experience the world the way we do. Our brains are taking in what we now know to be a pure data stream. There is no such thing as direct apprehension of the outer world; instead, our sensory organs transmit information to us about the world around us in the form of electrical impulses. And yet, we experience them as sights, sounds, colors, and smells. Why does green look green? Why does warmth feel warm? Why is sensory experience so vivid? What is going on inside our brains that generates consciousness, mind, experience, and will? This is the hard problem, and whether or not a computer can "solve" it is still an article of faith.
A video game, however, does not invent or create a human being, a human being's soul, or a human being's mind and consciousness. It just allows a preexisting human being to have a new and different experience. So all it really requires is the incremental technological advance of more convincing sensory immersion; not the big, and perhaps impossible breakthrough of producing a wholly constructed consciousness.
The chief animating force of the character—its will, we might say—is the player. The player decides if the character goes right or left, jumps off a platform or climbs a rope. It may be that the player's will may fail in some cases to be efficacious—you choose to jump to a distant platform, but you misjudge the timing, and the character falls—but this does not mean the player is not generally in control. Similarly, the only consciousness possessed by the character is borrowed from you, the player.
Depending on your own personal susceptibility, and upon the immersive qualities of the game, it's possible that at points you may feel as if you actually are your character, living inside the game, and interacting with her world. Players have been known to physically flinch as objects come toward their characters. They identify with the character so strongly it as if their own consciousnesses have been transmitted into the game. When the character dies, however, the link to the player is severed.
Thus, if our world is a video game, it explains mind-body duality. My body is a part of our apparent reality, part of the internal programming of the game. Even complex things such as my mental state at any given moment might be part of the programming. But my free will and spark of consciousness are actually borrowed from the player.
Interestingly enough, video games can sometimes give us the illusion of free will and independent agency even within a framework of severely limited choices. Pac Man, the godfather of video game characters, exists solely within an inescapable labyrinth, where, in most locations, the player's input is limited to choosing between one of two directions to move. Even among more modern games, while there are some, like Grand Theft Auto, that offer what is called an "open-ended universe" with a wide and under-determined palette of choices, there are others that unfold like a long movie with specific narrative stops and lengthy cut scenes, transitioning the player from one set of "fated" choices to another.
The philosophical importance of this relates to a theory called epiphenomenalism. In sum, this tongue-twister of a word is yet another attempt to reconcile what is apparently a purely physical universe with deterministic laws with our lived experience as conscious beings with free will and agency. Are our bodies just machines in motion, built of organic materials, but as purely bound by physical law as any robot? And if so, why do we feel as though we have souls? Epiphenomenalism, in its purest form, is the extreme, reductionist embrace of physicalist determinism. Everything, it claims, is matter in motion, solely. Consciousness is an epiphenomenon, a largely meaningless side effect of the complex circuitry of our minds. Free will is an illusion.
There is a theory that dreams are never experienced, but only remembered. We fall asleep, electricity crackling around in our brains triggers a host of random imagery, and when we wake up, our subconscious takes those raw materials, adds them to our current preoccupations, and adds a narrative storyline to hold it all together. This, in a nutshell, is epiphenomenalism, the random vagaries of the universe as reinterpreted by the human brain's indomitable need to impose narrative order. In the epiphenomenal world, we act first and make the decision second—or rather, we convince ourselves that we made a decision to act as an after-the-fact explanation.
As with solipsism, there is something prima facie ridiculous about this claim. Why would we have minds complex enough to generate the experience of consciousness if consciousness is doing no real work in the world? Why does it feel like I have free will if I lack it? Can any explanation of a complex, apparently willful activity, like writing a book or a poem, possibly be explained in simpler terms without recourse to internal mental states and agency than with them?
The intuitive answer is "no." But consider an experience even more constrained and passive than the limited agency of a video game: watching a movie. The movie's ending has been determined long in advance of the audience member seeing it. The screenplay was written, the actors cast, the film shot and edited. All that has taken place months, perhaps even years, ago. Nothing is changing the plot now. And yet, as a viewer, it is hard to shake the persistent illusion that you are actually watching living events unfold.
There is an old chestnut told about a rural yokel watching his first film back during the dawn of the cinema. One scene of the movie titillatingly included a bevy of beauties changing clothes for a dip in the river. Right as they were about to undress, a long train passed between them and the camera. By the time the frame cleared, they were already frolicking in the water.
We may pretend to a bit more sophistication than this, but we still find our hearts pounding at the exciting parts of our favorite movies, no matter how many times we've seen them. Will that astronaut make it home? Will the bomb be defused in time? Will the star-crossed lovers meet or miss each other? It doesn't matter if we know the answer; in the moment, we find ourselves convinced it could go either way.
Movies can also become integrated into our own lives, so that we experience them as part of the fabric of our personal histories—and not even just the personal history of watching them. For a personal example, I have a vivid memory of having once spent hours traveling down a one-lane country road, following a slow-moving chicken truck. I can remember the acrid unending stink of the chickens, and the frustration of being unable to pass, mile after mile, hour after hour. In reality, however, it never happened to me. It was a scene in a movie, and my mind wove the memory together from that scene as fleshed out by real memories I did have, of smelling a passing chicken truck and of traveling down a one-lane road behind a slow-moving vehicle.
Reading a good book is the ultimate in epiphenomenalism. Everything in the book is there because the writer put it there, and it is all fixed and fated before the reader first opens the cover. And yet for a reader of sufficient imagination, it can be as though one were inside the book, living as the characters live, experiencing as they experience, and perceiving their fixed and fated choices as freely willed actions.
So, at least in this sense, we have all experienced epiphenomenalism. But it is important to note that this only works as it does for two reasons: First, because the story itself is carefully and skillfully plotted and written, and second, because the consciousness of the reader is borrowed by the character.
1 Descartes, René, translated by Donald A. Cress, Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy, Fourth Edition, Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis 1999.
2 Thornton, Stephen P., "Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds" Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2017.
4 Osnes, Beth, Acting: An International Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2001.
5 Burkeman, Oliver, "Why can't the world's greatest minds solve the mystery of consciousness?" The Guardian, January 21, 2015.
6 Hefner D., Klimmt C., Vorderer P. "Identification with the Player Character as Determinant of Video Game Enjoyment." In: Ma L., Rauterberg M., Nakatsu R. (eds) Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4740. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
7 Isbister, Katherine, How Games Move Us: Emotion by Design, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2016.
10 Hobson, J. Allan, Dreaming: An Introduction to the Science of Sleep, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.


text:
\section{Simplicity criterion}

The next result provides a criterion for simplicity of algebras defined over global rings.

\begin{cor}\label{Simple}

Let $R $ be a finitely generated subring of $\mathbb{C},$ and $F$ its field of fractions.  Let $S$ be an $R$-algebra
 which has generic freeness property over $R.$ Assume that for all nonzero $f\in R$ and all but finitely many primes $p,$
 there exists an algebraically closed field $\bold{k}$ of characteristic $p$ and a homomorphism
 $\rho:R_f\to W(\bold{k}$) such that
 $S\otimes_R\bold{k}$ is an Azumaya algebra and the spectrum of its center equipped with
 the deformation  Poisson bracket  is a smooth
 symplectic variety over $\bold{k}.$ Then algebra $S\otimes_RF$ is simple.

\end{cor}

\begin{proof}
Assume that algebra $S\otimes_RF$ is not simple.
Then there exists  an $R$-torsion free nonzero proper ideal $I\subset S$ such that $I\cap R=0$.
By localizing $R$ we may assume by generic flatness of $S$ that $S/I$ is a free $R$-module. Let $p$ be
a prime and let $\rho:R\to W(\bold{k})$ be a homomorphism as in the statement.
 Denote by $A$ the $p$-adic completion of $S\otimes_RW(\bold{k}),$
and denote the $p$-adic completion of $I\otimes_RW(\bold{k})$ by $\bar{I}.$
 Thus, algebra A satisfies assumptions of  Corollary \ref{simple}. Hence $\bar{I}[p^{-1}]=A[p^{-1}].$
In particular, $A/\bar{I}=(S/I)\otimes_RW(\bold{k})$ is a $p$-torsion, a contradiction.
\end{proof}

 Using the above we will show how to reprove the following well-known result about generic simplicity of
 noncommtative deformations of Kleinian singularities
 of type $A.$ Recall that given a primitive $r$-th root of unity $\eta$ and parameters
 $c=(c_1,\cdots, c_{r-1})\in \mathbb{C}^{r-1}$
 then algebra $H_{1, c}$ is defined as follows
 $$H_{1, c}=\mathbb{C}\langle x, y, \gamma, \gamma x\gamma^{-1}=\eta x, \gamma x\gamma^{-1}=\eta^{-1}y, [y, x]=1-\sum_{i=1}^{r-1} c_i\gamma^{i}\rangle$$

 \begin{prop}

 If $c_1,\cdots,c_n$ are algebraically independent over $\mathbb{Q}$, then algebra $H_{1, c}$ is simple.

 \end{prop}

 \begin{proof}

 Let $R'$ be a subring of $\mathbb{C}$ generated by $c_i,\eta.$ Let $f\in R\setminus\lbrace 0\rbrace.$
Put $R=R'_f.$ Let $p>>0$, and let $\bar{\rho}:R\to \bf{k}$ be a ring homomorphism such that $\bf{k}$ is algebraically closed field
of characteristic $p$ and $ \bar{\rho}(c_i-c_j)\notin F_p.$ Let $\rho:S\to W(\bf{k})$ be the canonical lift of $\bar{\rho}.$ Denote $H_{c}\otimes W(\bf{k})$ by $\tilde{H}_c,$ and $H_{c}\otimes \bf{k}$ by $H_{\bar{c}}.$
 As it was shown in \cite{}, $Z(H_{\bar{c}})$ is a smooth variety, and thus $H_{\bar{c}}$ is Azumaya algebra.

Let $\mf{h}$ denote the linear span of $x_i,$ similarly $\mf{h}^{*}$ denote the span of $y_i.$ Denote
by $\delta\in \mf{k}[\mf{h}]$ the defining function of $\mf{h}\setminus\mf{h}^{reg}$, similarly we define $\delta_1\in \mf{k}[\mf{h}^*].$
 Using Dunkle embedding it follows that $H_{1,c}[\delta^{-1}]=\bf{k}[\Gamma]\ltimes D(\mf{h}^{reg})$, and
 $H_{1,c}[\delta'^{-1}]=\bf{k}[\Gamma]\ltimes$ , it follows that the deformation Poisson
 bracket on $\spec Z(H_{\bar{c}})$ is symplectic on an open set whose compliment has codimension $\geq 2.$
 Thus, smoothness of $\spec Z(H_{\bar{c}})$ implies that the bracket is symplectic. Hence Corollary \ref{Simple}
 applies directly.

 \end{proof}

We use the following standard

\begin{lemma}
Let $S\subset \mathbb{C}$ be a finitely generated ring.
Let $A$ be a nonegatively filtered $S$-algebra such that
$\Gr A$ is a finitely generated commutative $S$-algebra. If $hd(A/pA)\leq n$
for all $p>>0,$ then $hd(A\otimes_{S}\mathbb{C})\leq n.$

\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}

It is enough to show that given finitely generated $A$-modules $M, N,$ one has
$Ext_A^{n+1}(M, N)\otimes_{S}\mathbb{C}=0.$ It follows
from the generic flatness that there is $0\neq m\in S,$ such that
$M_m, N_m, A_m$ are all free $\mathbb{Z}_m$-modules. It follows
that $Ext^{n+1}_{A/pA}(M/pM, N/pN)=Ext^{n+1}_A(M, N)/p$ for all primes
$p>>0.$ Let $M'$ be the  kernel of the $n$-th differential in
a projective resolution of $M$ by finitely generated $A$-modules. Then
$Hom_A(M', -)=Ext^{n+1}(M, -).$ Thus, we have that $Hom_A(M', N)/p=0$ for
all $p>>0,$ and we want to conclude that $Hom_A(M', N)\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}}\mathbb{C}=0.$
Let $A ^i\to M'\to 0$ be a right exact sequence of $A$-modules, $i,\infty.$ Then
$Hom_A(M', N)_m$ is a submodule of $M^i_m,$
which is a free $\mathbb{Z}_m$-module.
On the other hand, $(Hom_A(M', N)_m)/p=0$ for all p not dividing $m.$
This implies that $Hom_A(M', N)_m=0.$

\end{proof}

 symplectic variety over $\bold{k}.$ Then algebra $S\otimes_RF$ is a simple algebra.

\end{cor}

\begin{proof}
Assume that algebra $S\otimes_RF$ is not simple.
Then there exists  an $R$-torsion free nonzero proper ideal $I\subset S$  such that $I\cap R=0$.
By localizing $R$ we may assume by generic flatness of $S$ that $S/I$ is a free $R$-module. Let $p$ be
a prime and let $\rho:R\to W(\bold{k})$ be a homomorphism as in the statement.
 Denote by $A$ the $p$-adic completion of $S\otimes_RW(\bold{k}),$
and denote the $p$-adic completion of $I\otimes_RW(\bold{k})$ by $\bar{I}.$
 Thus, algebra A satisfies assumptions of  Corollary \ref{simple}. Hence $\bar{I}[p^{-1}]=A[p^{-1}].$
In particular, $A/\bar{I}=(S/I)\otimes_RW(\bold{k})$ is a $p$-torsion, a contradiction.
\end{proof}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv