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The Politics of Caste and Religion
Sanjoy Banerjee | Aug 12, 2002
The rise of Mayawati and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in Uttar Pradesh with BJP support makes a turning point in Indian sociopolitical history. From a situation of extreme victimization and backwardness in 1947, Dalits have steadily improved their position. They have progressed to a point where other groups, notably Muslims, are starting to rethink centuries-old assumptions about the Indian social order. The educational levels of young Dalits in several large states exceeds the average for those states. The integration of Dalits into the political system took place early. Dalit voter turnout has exceeded the national average since independence. As Dalits progress, they are starting to alter fundamental structures that have persisted in India for centuries.
India started out with a secular constitution and secularist politics. Muslim voters were central to the Congress coalitions after independence. From 1977 to 1998 India witnessed alternation between Congress and other secularist parties. Muslim voters would virtually dictate which secularists ruled. In 1998, the first government formed since independence that was not supported by most Muslim voters. That election signaled the end of secularist hegemony in Indian politics. The BJP was able to capture one-third of the seats in the Lok Sabha.
This transition was the result of two trends. First, the BJP was able to build a coalition across caste lines. But the second point is that the secularist social coalition was not able to consolidate itself. The fundamental reason is that Muslim identity politics was incompatible with the needs of building a coalition. Politicians such as Syed Shahbuddin emerged as the most articulate and forceful, if not the most popular, of Muslim political spokesmen. Pursuing an agenda that explicitly rejected the social unity of Hindus and Muslims, these leaders weakened the attraction of the secularist coalition for sections of Hindus who had supported it for half a century.
Now the wheel of history is taking a fresh turn. Muslim identity in India has been the hegemonic ideology of the Ashraf, the upper castes of Muslims. The caste revolution that took place in politics among Hindus is extending itself to Muslims. The success of the BSP in the UP elections is a product of low caste Muslims rejecting the identity politics of the elite and striking out on their own. A margin of Muslim support for the BJP is also based on such thinking.
The most articulate spokesman for "Dalit Muslims" is Dr. Ejaz Ali. He is the leader of the apex organization of low-caste Muslim associations. He observes that centuries after their conversion to Islam, Muslims descended from Hindu Dalits have not been able to intermarry with high caste Muslims. He concludes in an interview in the magazine Outlook that due to government assistance "the Hindu Dalits have been able to make a considerable headway, leaving the Dalit Muslims lagging far behind them."
In addition to demanding the same facilities for Dalits Muslims as there are for Dalit Hindus, Ali advocates that the economic interests of poor Muslims should be the first priority. "I do not say that the Babri Masjid issue or that of Muslim Personal Law are to be ignored, but to my mind these are secondary. What is of the most primary concern to the Dalit Muslims is their very survival and this must be tackled first before we can turn our attention elsewhere." His strategy to achieve his aims is more innovative still. "If all Dalits, irrespective of religion, join hands, we can become a powerful force."
It has long been remarked that the Indian Muslim leadership has focused on symbolic religious issues at the cost of the economic interests of most Muslims. What is new is the presentation of this neglect as caste discrimination among Indian Muslims. That enables the low caste majority among Indian Muslims to align with their Hindu counterparts. The original purpose of low caste Hindu politics of converting to Islam was to escape caste discrimination and elevate their social status. While untouchability remained the dominant experience of Hindu Dalits, Islam remained a liberating force for the converts. With the advance of Hindu Dalits, Indian Islam has become less competitive as a vehicle of social equality. For this reason, it may recede as the primary marker of identity for many Indian Muslims.
The historic transformation of social relations among Hindus has begun to attract the interest of Syed Shahbuddin. He perceives both dangers and opportunities. In the newspaper Pioneer he writes "If they (Brahmins) join hands with Chamars in U.P., Mundas and the Oraons in Jharkhand, why can't they convince the higher Shudras now anxious for social elevation that their destiny lies in joining the Hindutva brigade, not in ploughing the secular furrow? The high castes and the higher Shudras will form a magnetic core big enough to attract the privileged groups among the Achhuts (Dalits) and the Tribals." He advises, "Religious minorities have to move beyond an anti-BJP syndrome and try to understand the social churning within Hindu society." This is startling advice from the founder of the All-India Babri Masjid Action Committee.
Ejaz Ali and Syed Shahbuddin are at opposite ends of the political spectrum among Indian Muslims. Both have noticed the social churning in Hindu society. The import of this churning has largely eluded writers in the Indian English media. This churning and Muslim responses to it hold out the best hope for a new secularism and a more egalitarian society.
Sanjoy Banerjee teaches International Relations at San Francisco State University.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. The facts and opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of India Currents and India Currents does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.


After you've been involved in a serious motorcycle accident, you're probably wondering how you'll pay for medical expenses and make up for the income you missed while away from work. A qualified motorcycle accident attorney like Chris Davis help injured people such as you recover fair and reasonable compensation after such incidents.
People who hire an attorney after an accident receive 3.5 times more in settlement money on average than people without representation. Attorneys that are knowledgeable about claims such as yours give you a tremendous benefit when going up against big insurance companies.
But not all attorneys are the same. The difference between what the right motorcycle accident lawyer can get for you and what an inexperienced, ineffective lawyer will do is night and day. Make sure you do the following things to make sure you have the right person fighting for you.
1. Start looking for an attorney ASAP: If your injuries don't prevent you or a loved one from beginning this process, it's never too soon to look for representation. Unfortunately, insurance adjusters sometimes trick victims into making statements after an accident, mistakes that can greatly reduce or eliminate the entire value of the claim. Consult with a lawyer first if in doubt.
2. Find an in-state attorney that practices personal injury law: If your accident took place in Washington State, contact an attorney in Washington State. Most attorneys are not licensed to practice outside the state in which they are located. Also make sure you're looking for a personal injury attorney with experience handling cases such as yours. For example, a divorce or civil rights attorney isn't the best person to handle your motorcycle accident claim.
3. Check the attorney's reviews: Not only should you check an attorney's track record in terms of settlements and experience, but read what former clients have written online. Facebook and Google are two of the best places to find reviews. Don't just look at the star rating, however. Look at the totality of the reviews to get a clear picture.
4. Consult with several attorneys: Hiring an attorney is a major decision and one that should not be taken lightly. There are probably at least a couple options in your area, and it's a good idea to have a phone or in-person conversation with several different law firms. During these meetings (which should be free of charge), get a feel for the attorney and the type of people there. Beware of an aggressive lawyer that wants to settle fast. That is never the best strategy in a motorcycle accident case.
5. Select your attorney: After you've done all your research and met with several attorneys, it's time to choose one. If you've selected the right attorney, you will feel like you have the experience, knowledge and work ethic on your side to win your case.
Over the past 20 years, Davis Law Group, P.S., has successfully helped countless victims of motorcycle crashes caused by negligent drivers. Davis Law Group offers a free evaluation of your case and will never take a fee until you win your case.
If you were injured or lost a loved one in a Washington State motorcycle accident, call (206) 727-4000, use the chat feature below or fill out the form on this page to get started.


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Sidney James Webb (de eerste baron van Passfield), PC (Londen, 13 juli 1859 – Liphook, Hampshire, 13 oktober 1947) was een Britse socialist, econoom en hervormer. Hij was in 1884 samen met George Bernard Shaw een van de eerste leden van de Fabian Society (zij werden drie maanden na de oprichting lid). Samen met zijn vrouw, Beatrice Webb, Annie Besant, Graham Wallas, Edward R. Pease, Hubert Bland, en Sydney Olivier veranderden Shaw en Webb de Fabian Society in het voornaamste politieke-intellectuele genootschap van Engeland in het Edwardiaanse tijdperk en daarna. Hij schreef de originele clausule IV, voor de Britse Labour Party. Deze werd in 1918 opgenomen in het beginselprogramma en behelste de nationalisatie van de productiemiddelen.

Brits socialist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you suspect that your child may be using substances or you have any concerns about his or her emotional/mental health, it is important to seek help. Enfield Youth Services is available to offer support and resources. Contact us at 860-253-6380 or visit our office at 19 North Main Street.
For youth programs, click here to visit the Enfield Youth Services Website.
The Enfield Together Coalition is united in the commitment to preventing and reducing underage drinking in Enfield, Connecticut.
The Enfield Together Coalition (ETC) was established to assess the extent of substance use in the community and develop ways to reduce the use of alcohol and other drugs by Enfield youth.
Our members are representatives from Enfield Youth Services, East of the River Action for Substance Abuse Elimination (ERASE), Youth Advisory Council, parents, school personnel, Town Council, Enfield Police Department, Police Steering Committee, substance abuse counselors, members of several different faith communities, business owners, and more. By raising awareness, educating parents and youth and enforcing underage drinking laws, the ETC is dedicated to preventing and reducing underage drinking in Enfield.
As we approach the height of holiday celebrations, there will be many opportunities for family and friends to gather. Just like Santa, your kids are watching and learning what it means to "celebrate." Take this opportunity to demonstrate that a good time doesn't have to center around drinking. Learn more in our article below.
With so much going on at this time of year, stress levels are sure to increase. So much to do, so little time. How will you get it all done? Check out our article on managing stress during the holiday season.
Liquor retailers in Enfield are helping to keep alcohol out of your teens hands this holiday season. Learn about Enfield's most recent compliance check and how our retailers did.
We invite you to share this e-newsletter with your colleagues, neighbors and friends and to "like" us on Facebook. The more people who are tuned into the challenges facing our youth and who are engaged in learning more about how to prevent and reduce substance abuse in our community, the better!
On behalf of everyone at Enfield Together, we wish you and yours a happy and healthy 2014.
Santa isn't the only one watching you this season! As families and friends gather for the holiday, your children are learning what it means to "celebrate."
Children look to their parents for direction and guidance on how to navigate social situations. When hosting a family get together or party with friends, take this opportunity to show your children that having a good time doesn't have to involve excessive drinking.
During this holiday season, we ask that adults can model healthy behavior by monitoring how much they drink on each occasion or reconsidering alcoholic drinks altogether.
Kids get bored easily. Who knows that better than parents? One important way to prevent underage drinking is to keep kids engaged with activity that interest them. Host a movie fest, encourage outdoor activities, challenge them to a cookie baking contest... click here for a list of winter activities for teens.
In 2012, nearly 13% of Enfield youth surveyed report that they get their alcohol at home without their parents' permission. What does this mean? It's time to monitor - and in some cases - lock up your liquor cabinets. This prevents teen from easily accessing - and drinking - alcohol without your knowledge.
The holiday season often brings unwelcome guests - stress and depression. And it's no wonder. The holidays present a dizzying array of demands - parties, shopping, baking, cleaning and entertaining, to name just a few.
Acknowledge your feelings. If someone close to you has recently died or you can't be with loved ones, realize it's normal to feel sadness and grief.
Be realistic. The holidays don't have to be perfect or just like last year. As families change and grow, traditions and rituals change as well. Choose a few to hold on to, and be open to creating new ones.
Set aside differences. Try to accept family members and friends as they are, even if they don't live up to all of your expectations. Set aside grievances until a more appropriate time for discussion. And be understanding if others get upset or distressed when something goes awry.
Stick to a budget. Before you go shopping, decide how much money you can afford to spend. Then stick to your budget. Don't try to buy happiness with an avalanche of gifts. Try these alternatives: Donate to a charity in someone's name, give homemade gifts or start a family gift exchange.
Plan ahead. Set aside specific days for shopping, baking, visiting friends and other activities. Plan your menus and make your shopping list. And make sure to line up help for party prep and cleanup.
Learn to say no. Saying yes when you should say no can leave you feeling resentful and overwhelmed. Friends and colleagues will understand if you can't participate in every project or activity.
Don't abandon healthy habits. Don't let the holidays become a free-for-all. Overindulgence only adds to your stress and guilt. Have a healthy snack before holiday parties so that you don't go overboard on sweets, cheese or drinks.
Take a breather. Make some time for yourself. Spending just 15 minutes alone, without distractions, may refresh you enough to handle everything you need to do. Take a walk at night and stargaze. Listen to soothing music. Breathe!
Don't let the holidays become something you dread. Instead, take steps to prevent the stress and depression that can descend during the holidays. Learn to recognize your holiday triggers, such as financial pressures or personal demands, so you can combat them before they lead to a meltdown. With a little planning and some positive thinking, you can find peace and joy during the holidays.
Thank you to Enfield's liquor retailers for continuing to do right by our youth. The Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection recently conducted a random compliance check and our town performed very well!
"We congratulate the Town of Enfield for a nearly perfect score," Commissioner William M. Rubenstein said. "These ongoing, undercover compliance operations help us to identify licensed or permitted locations that are selling alcoholic beverages to minors and bring them into compliance with the law."
The Governor's Prevention Partnership trains volunteers youth who participate in the undercover operations. If the youth are asked their age before making a liquor purchase, they hand over their ID and tell their true age.
Agents from the Liquor Control Division, a youth volunteer, and officers from the Enfield Police Department, in partnership with the Enfield Together Coalition, conducted compliance checks of all package and grocery stores that sell beer in Enfield. Twenty four (24) stores were tested and 23 passed by not selling to the undercover minor.
"We express our thanks to Chief Sferrazza and the men and women of the Enfield Police Department for their assistance and to the Governor's Prevention Partnership for its ongoing support of our efforts," Rubenstein said.
Check out our results here.
BRAVO to our liquor and grocery stores for helping keep alcohol out of the hands of our youth!


The now famous, for their unique BMW cars, BMW Abu Dhabi dealership shows a BMW F30 3 Series with BMW M performance parts and a tuning chip. The look of this F30 335i is quite unique and different from all the M Performance Parts cars we have seen before. The sharp 3 Series comes with an Alpine White paint job coupled with carbon fiber aero parts and subtle orange accents on the edge of those parts.
In addition to the front apron, the pimped out F30 335i features a front splitter and a rear diffuser, along with side skirts, blacked out kidney grilles and side mirror caps.
Inside we have the typical Alcantara wrapped sports steering wheel with the LED display, along with a center console dressed up in carbon fiber, including the automatic gear shifter. A set of aluminum pedals round up the racing-inspired look inside the cabin.
Under the hood, the engine gets a bump in power thanks to the BMW M Performance Kit which brings the total output to 330 horsepower and 332 lb-ft (450 Nm) of torque.
Rounding up the tuned up 335i is an exhaust system from Akrapovic.
Those of you that are interested to see how a BMW looks with M Performance Parts, BMWUSA is offering a configurator on their page.


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Global Disaster Hotspots: Who Gets Pummeled
The human impact of a natural catastrophe depends greatly on where it happens, disaster officials have long known. In a soon-to-be-published report, scientists have mapped out some of the worst places to live when Nature shows the ugly side of her face.
The maps and analysis were prepared by the Earth Institute at Columbia University for the World Bank, which expects to publish them sometime this winter. The report is designed as a guide for how international investments should be made and a tool for battling calamity before it strikes.
The researchers compiled statistics from the last two decades on natural disasters in three categories: geophysical (earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides), hydro (floods and hurricanes) and drought.
Based on these factors, they mapped out hot spots of risk.
Hotspots based on ...
... mortality risks
... total economic loss risks
... economic loss risks as a proportion of GDP per unit area
Maps courtesy the Earth Institute at Columbia University
"The notable feature of the maps is that there are small countries that get pummeled," the Earth Institute's Arthur Lerner-Lam told LiveScience. Places like Honduras, Guatemala, and the Philippines are some of the riskiest.
Part of this has to do with geography. Central America, for example, is an area of high tectonic activity, which results in many volcanoes and earthquakes. It is also in the path of tropical storms.
"If a geologist were to put a country somewhere, this might be one of the last places," Lerner-Lam said of Central America.
But there are many reasons why people choose to live in dangerous areas. "Lots of people farm on volcanic soil because it's fertile," Lerner-Lam said in a telephone interview prior to the Asian disaster. And coastlines were, and continue to be, important centers for trade.
Beyond geography, however, developing countries have a harder time preparing for and recovering from disasters, as was evidenced by the lack of warning for December's tsunami in Asia and the agonizing days people waited for relief crews.
"Poorer people are hit disproportionately by hazards," Lerner-Lam said.
Part of the problem is that poorer nations get stuck in the "recovery trap." They spend so much of their resources rebuilding after the last disaster that they are not ready for the next one. This is not true in well-off countries like Japan and Italy, which comparatively suffer a lot of economic damage, but whose economies "can absorb the brunt of these disasters," Lerner-Lam said.
The risks in the new report were calculated based on the number of deaths, the cost, and the cost as a percentage of the economic output, or Gross Domestic Product (GDP), of that location. The maps indicate hotspots, which are areas in the top 30 percent of risk for a given indicator.
The goal of the new maps is to help investors make smart choices for sustainable development. A good example is earthquake-prone Istanbul, Turkey, where the effort is to construct buildings that are less vulnerable.
By spending a little more money to make something earthquake-resistant, Lerner-Lam said, "we reduce the loss of life and get a better return on the building because it doesn't fall down."
A little preventative medicine could impact the movement of money around the globe. World Bank data indicates that emergency loans and reallocation of existing loans for disaster reconstruction from 1980 to 2003 totaled $14.4 billion, with $12 billion going to disaster hotspot countries.
"This tells us that we need to work to reduce the vulnerability of these developing countries to natural disasters as part of any poverty reduction strategy," said the Earth Institute's Robert Chen.
The Odds of Dying
Nature's Wrath: Global Deaths and Costs Swell
Forecast for 2005: Another Busy Hurricane Season
2004: A Record Year for Tornadoes
Tsunami Special Report
Risk of a Megatsunami
Tsunamis in History

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Airlink Launches Flights Between Johannesburg and Victoria Falls
Airlink will launch new direct service between Johannesburg and Victoria Falls from 15 August 2022, reconnecting the region's main economic hub with the iconic tourism destination.
The service will operate daily using a 98-seat Embraer E-190. The service is scheduled to conveniently connect with the airline's other services to and from Johannesburg as well as to long-haul flights provided by Airlink's growing number of global partner airlines.
Flight 4Z 494 will depart Johannesburg at 11.30 and arrive Victoria Falls at 13.15. Flight 4Z 495 will depart Victoria Falls at 13.55 and arrive Johannesburg at 15.35. All times are local.
Customers can book and manage Airlink journeys and find information about health and safety onboard Airlink flights on the website, Airlink's smartphone app or through travel agents.
The new route will be Airlink's second flight to Victoria Falls, which the airline already serves from Cape Town. Airlink also provides direct flights connecting Harare with Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban and between Bulawayo and Johannesburg.
With the recent introduction of long-haul flights from Europe directly to Victoria Falls, these services allow customers arriving on those flights to conveniently connect to South Africa.
Photo credit: Timothy Brandt


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By smax	Chi-Town Daily News, Clips
Neighbors raise traffic concerns over Lincoln Park Trader Joe's
A new Trader Joe's may be coming to a busy part of Lincoln Park and could be open as soon as June of next year, but nearby residents first want to do what they can to avoid potential traffic and parking headaches the store might bring.
"This is going to change the nature of our neighborhood, big time," said Diane Handelsman, who lives directly behind the proposed site on West Schubert Avenue, "We want [Trader Joe's], but we want to maintain the quality of our lifestyles."
About 75 community members attended a meeting Tuesday night at Louisa May Alcott School to discuss the project.
Chief amongst the concerns of the attendees was the effect the store, which would be located on the corner of West Diversey Parkway and North Orchard Street, might have on local traffic.
Read more at Chi-Town Daily News.


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Q: Verify the table column order from selenium Requirement is to verify the column order of the following table is in the correct order from its column header names.
Therefore, I have written down a method to cover up my requirement, which accepts an array list [String] of the table header names in the required order.
But it apparently does not do my requirement through the soft-Asserts as 'isDisplayed()' method is always returning 'false'.
Can anyone suggest me kindly further points to modify it and to get it fixed?
HTLM Code for the table :

            Academic Year
            Curriculum
            Grade
            Semester/Term

                Exam Code

            Actions

            2016-2016
            LOCAL
            GRADE11
            2nd Term
            G11SecondTerm

Selenium [Java] method to verify the column order
public void verifyColumnOrder(WebDriver driver, String tableId, ArrayList<String> columnHeaderList) {

        SoftAssert softassert = new SoftAssert();
        String relativeXpath = "//table[contains(@id,'"+tableId+"')]/";
        for (String columnHeader : columnHeaderList) {

           relativeXpath = relativeXpath + "/following-sibling::th[contains(.,'" + columnHeader + "')]";
             softassert.assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.xpath(relativeXpath)).isDisplayed());
    }
    softassert.assertAll();
}

A: An other solution would be to directly get the text of thead with getText(). It will return a concatenation of all the visible titles which will be easier to compare:
public void verifyColumnOrder(WebDriver driver, String tableId, ArrayList<String> columnHeaderList) {

    String expectedHeaders = String.join(" ", columnHeaderList);
    String visibleHeaders = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[id='" + tableId + "'] thead")).getText();

    Assert.assertEquals(visibleHeaders, expectedHeaders);
}

A: The xpath you are using is incorrect. th is not a sibling of table tag. It is 2 levels inside.
Try this CSS locator - "table[id='examMarkEntryExamList'] th". You can use it directly by using By.cssSelector or xpath "//table[@id='examMarkEntryExamList']//th".
Use this locator to get a List of webelements. From this get the list of text in the th tags.
List<WebElement> thelem = driver.findElements(By.xpath....);
List<String> thText = thelem.stream().map(e -> e.getText()).collect(toList());

Just assert -- `softassert.assertTrue(thText.equals(columnheaders));
Please check actual syntax.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The popular online ticketing and event organization platform Eventbrite has just launched a new app called Eventbrite Neon.
"Like a bright glowing neon sign that tells guests you're open for business, Eventbrite Neon helps you bring more people into your event," the company notes in a new blog post.
Designed for event organizers of all levels of experience, Eventbrite Neon offers quick and easy access to traditional brick-and-mortar event entry and box office management functions right from an iOS device.
Compatible with iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad running iOS 7.1 or later, Eventbrite Neon is available now on the App Store for free.
Note that Eventbrite Neon comes by way of the 5.0 update to Eventbrite's Entry Manager app. It also replaces Eventbrite's At The Door box office app, which has been pulled from the App Store. Effectively, Eventbrite Neon combines the capabilities of those two apps into one.


gave approval for the construction of the Connors River Dam and pipelines project as well as Moranbah to Alpha pipeline project.
SunWater Limited submitted a proposal to construct and operate the Connors River Dam and water distribution pipeline(s) and associated infrastructure near Mt Bridget, Fitzroy River Basin, Central Queensland. The principal purpose is to provide increased reliability and security through improvements in water supply. The major users will be the mega coal mines in the Galilee Basin. The approval has some 16 conditions that have to be satisfied. However the habitat of the endemic Fitzroy River turtle and the squatter pigeon (southern) as well as brigalow communities are potentially at risk. A major concern is how effective the compliance program will be in ensuring the proponent satisfies all those conditions and, of greater concern is, will those conditions adequately minimise environmental harm.
SunWater Limited has also been given approval to construct and operate a trunk water pipeline and associated infrastructure from Moranbah to Alpha, Queensland. The pipeline will deliver water to the Galilee Basin to meet forecasted demand for water by commercial mining operations and provide a reliable water supply to the town of Alpha. The 276 km pipeline will draw water from the Moranbah Picardy Storage and supply up to 25,000ML per annum to commercial and urban customers. The common user pipeline will be underpinned by long-term supply contracts with some of Central Queensland's largest mining operators. It is estimated that the water transported by the Moranbah to Alpha Pipeline project will facilitate approximately 80 mtpa of additional regional coal production for output. Whilst the pipeline will provide the majority of water to commercial mining operations, water will also be made available to supplement Alpha's town water supply located within the Barcaldine local government area.
SunWater's preliminary investigations on potential social and environmental impacts of the pipeline have found to be minimal. SunWater has obtained all environmental and planning approvals necessary to construct the pipeline and supply water to customers. SunWater has also undertaken cultural heritage assessments of the area and consulted with the Traditional Owners. No areas of significance have been identified along the pipeline route. This is not a controlled action under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act.
Wildlife Queensland is not opposed to development provided such development is necessary and sustainable. Wildlife Queensland has a right under the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 to request a statement of reasons for each of the above decisions and has exercised this right. Naturally Wildlife Queensland has to establish that it is an organisation aggrieved by the decision and that is easily done by reference to our constitution and based on past history of being engaged in various activities towards the protection and conservation of our environment. This action is not taken lightly and by no means is intended to frustrate the process. Wildlife Queensland needs to understand the reasoned logic behind the decision to be more confident that every possible consideration has been given to the protection of the environment, the wildlife and its habitat.
A letter has been sent to Minister Tony Burke and Wildlife Queensland now awaits the Minister's response to determine if any further action is required.


Giovanni Segantini (1858–99) was an Italian-born Swiss painter who created his work, primarily landscapes, largely in and around his home in the Swiss Alps. As an artist, Segantini is a difficult figure to place. While some of his works can be described as utilizing the pointillist or divisionist techniques made popular by Seurat and Van Gogh, Segantini's style of painting shares a closer affinity with symbolism. Later in his career, he has also begun to be acknowledged as an early convert to European modernism, his work poised at the transition from nineteenth-century aesthetics to twentieth-century artistic experimentation.
A long-awaited retrospective, Giovanni Segantini showcases sixty paintings selected from the artist's prolific career. Among them are many truly beautiful images. Suffused with light and saturated with color, they feature villages, farmers and shepherds watching over wandering livestock, and idyllic pastoral scenes from the Swiss Alps. Each painting is described in detail, with information about the circumstances of its creation. The paintings are accompanied by an introductory essay that examines Segantini's life and work, assessing the reception of his paintings over more than a century, including his influence on later artists and movements, such as Joseph Beuys and the futurists. Additional essays bring together the latest research on Segantini's biography, his depictions of nature and the connections between nature and man, his masterful handling of shadow and light, and the divisionist combinations of iconography in Segantini's later works.
With Giovanni Segantini, Beat Stutzer has compiled a comprehensive overview of this inventive alpine artist, including some paintings that have not been accessible to the public in many years. It will be welcomed by art historians, collectors, curators, and all with an interest in this period in art.


text:
National Debt reaches $14.3 Trillion!! Financial Terror
By Guest LAW,
March 17, 2006 in Economy
Guest LAW
"What we do know for sure is that in the next decade the upward pressure on federal spending is going to be very, very large," says Ms. Rivlin, who also worked as President Clinton's budget director and is now at the Brookings Institution. "It's not so much the aging of the population as the fact that spending on medical care has been rising faster than GDP."
In March 2006, the total U.S. government debt is approximately $8.3 trillion ($8,283,025,171, 750 or in scientific notation $8.3×1012). Debt held by the public: $4,809,044,449,061.17 and Intragovernmental holdings is $3,461,844,667,128.51. The deficit on trade in goods and services widened $33 billion in real terms, subtracting 1.2 percentage points from real GDP growth.
What is the Debt Held by the Public?
Debt Held by the Public -- Is all Federal debt held by individuals, corporations, state or local governments, foreign governments, and other entities outside of the United States Government less Federal Financing Bank securities. Types of securities held by the public include, but are not limited to, Treasury Bills, Notes, Bonds, TIPS, United States Savings Bonds, and State and Local Government Series.
What are Intragovernmental Holdings?
Intragovernmental Holdings -- Government Account Series securities held by Government trust funds, revolving funds, and special funds; and Federal Financing Bank securities. A small amount of marketable securities are held by government accounts.
Once again the federal government has reached its "debt ceiling," and once again Congress is poised to authorize an increase in government borrowing. The result is that National Debt interest payment is now the third largest item in the federal budget. Soon our government will reach the point where it can no longer keep up with its monthly bills to foreign creditors.
"Running a deficit" is sometimes proposed as a short term economic stimulus (Democrats tend to mean an increase in spending, Republicans tend to mean a decrease in tax rates, the Bush Administration achieved both); but the after-effects can be a long term drag, either in the form of an eventual tax increase or higher interest rates to cover the increase in government debt.
Debt destroys U.S. sovereignty, because the American economy now depends on the actions of foreign governments. While we brag about our role as world superpower in international affairs, we are in truth the world's greatest debtor. Like all debtors, we are not truly free. China and other foreign government creditors could in essence wage economic war against us simply by dumping their huge holdings of U.S. dollars, driving the value of those dollars sharply downward and severely damaging our economy. Desmond Lachman, an economist at the American Enterprise Institute, states that foreign central banks "Now have considerable ability to disrupt U.S. financial markets by simply deciding to refrain from buying further U.S. government paper." Former Treasury secretary Lawrence Summers warns about "A kind of global balance of financial terror," noting our dependency on "the discretionary acts of what are inevitably political entities in other countries."
If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their money, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them, will deprive the people of their property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. - Thomas Jefferson
Ultimately, debt is slavery. Every dollar the federal government borrows makes us less secure as a nation, by making America beholden to interests outside our borders. So when you hear a politician saying America will do "whatever it takes" to fight terrorism or rebuild Iraq or end poverty or provide health care for all, what they really mean is they are willing to sink America even deeper into debt. We're told that foreign wars and expanded entitlements will somehow make America more secure, but insolvency is hardly the foundation for security. Only when we stop trying to remake the world in our image, and reject the entitlement state at home, will we begin to create a more secure America that is not a financial slave to foreign creditors.
Is it possible to repay the debt by simply printing more money?
While common knowledge says just printing more money is destructive to an economy, and results in inflation, there is no historical evidence that this occurs. The truth is that the wealthy few make money off our deficit. Did you know that the Federal Reserve is a private a organization of private and international banks that does not answer to the United States government. Plus there are no precious metal reserves that back the money they issue. Even a casual look at the Fed's history leads one to wonder how an institution that profits mightily from their own policies has maintained control over the money of the wealthiest nation on Earth. For those who have made a serious inquiry into the Federal Reserve, they have found it is shadowed in deceptive origins and fraudulent policies.
The FED began with approximately 300 people or banks that became owners (stockholders purchasing stock at $100 per share - the stock is not publicly traded) in the Federal Reserve Banking System. They make up an international banking cartel of wealth beyond comparison. The FED banking system collects billions of dollars in interest annually and distributes the profits to its shareholders. The Congress illegally gave the FED the right to print money (through the Treasury) at no interest to the FED. The FED creates money from nothing, and loans it back to us through banks, and charges interest on our currency. The FED also buys Government debt with money printed on a printing press and charges U.S. taxpayers interest. Many Congressmen and Presidents say this is fraud.
Who actually owns the Federal Reserve Central Banks?
ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., New York Branch
BNP Paribas Securities Corp.
Banc of America Securities LLC
Bear, Stearns & Co., Inc.
CIBC World Markets Corp.
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Countrywide Securities Corporation
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
Daiwa Securities America Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein Securities LLC.
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Greenwich Capital Markets, Inc.
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.
J. P. Morgan Securities Inc.
Lehman Brothers Inc.
Merrill Lynch Government Securities Inc.
Mizuho Securities USA Inc.
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
Nomura Securities International, Inc.
How did it happen? After previous attempts to push the Federal Reserve Act through Congress, a group of bankers funded and staffed Woodrow Wilson's campaign for President. He had committed to sign this act. In 1913, a Senator, Nelson Aldrich, maternal grandfather to the Rockefellers, pushed the Federal Reserve Act through Congress just before Christmas when much of Congress was on vacation When elected, Wilson passed the FED. Later, Wilson remorsefully replied (referring to the FED), "I have unwittingly ruined my country"
I am not stating that I know the answers to a huge problem, but I do know that the Fed members love our Dollar.
http://www.cbo.gov/
http://www.federalre...gov/general.htm
http://www.fms.treas...etin/index.html
http://www.newyorkfe...rs_listing.html
Luke_Wilbur 4 posts
Bluto 1 post
JT Allen 1 post
Guest NY Times : Carl Hulse
Just hours after opening a new line of credit through an increase in the federal debt limit, the Senate splurged on a bevy of popular programs before approving a spending plan that was as much a political document as an economic one, its fine print geared to the coming elections. Lawmakers, analysts and others said the Senate's reluctance to clamp down on spending was a natural result of an approach that fails to recognize a sharply changed reality. In some respects, the administration and Congress act as if the surplus that greeted President Bush when he checked into the White House is still in the bank, rather than recognizing that whatever windfall was available then was eaten up and more by tax cuts.
The reality is that the cuts, plus two wars, new domestic security needs, natural disasters and a big expansion of Medicare have left the government's account badly overdrawn with no prospect of getting it back in balance anytime soon. The criticisms set out by many Democrats — that no real progress can be made in setting the nation's finances right until Congress proves willing to revisit the tax cuts and that the nation is failing to invest sufficiently in addressing its economic and social ills — do not receive much of a hearing in a Washington where Republicans are in charge....
"I think the critical flaw is the failure to adjust fiscal policy in the face of new circumstances," said Robert L. Bixby, executive director of the Concord Coalition, a bipartisan group that advocates reducing the deficit through spending cuts and tax increases. Mr. Bixby and others say the Republican-controlled Congress and the Bush administration have shown a near total disregard for fiscal discipline, running up new debt. "The problem we have had on the budget all along is a lack of adult supervision on the part of the White House," said Bruce Bartlett, an economist and author of a new book critical of Mr. Bush's economic record. "You can't blame members of Congress for looking out for their parochial interests. It is the president's responsibility to look out for the national interest."
With the president's influence on Capitol Hill slipping along with his poll numbers, it is unclear how much authority Mr. Bush could exert over lawmakers regardless. Senate Republicans showed no hesitation about bursting through the spending ceiling he set, adding more than $16 billion after eliminating some of his cuts....Almost lost in all the budget and spending activity was that House and Senate negotiators continue to try to hammer out an agreement for new tax cuts that could cost an additional $70 billion over five years.
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/18/politics/18budget.html
Guest Fact Checker
In the 2007 State of the Union Address President Bush called for fiscal restraint and claimed credit for cutting the federal deficit in half:
What we need is to impose spending discipline in Washington, D.C. We set a goal of cutting the deficit in half by 2009, and met that goal three years ahead of schedule.
Actually, Bush inherited a budget with a comfortable surplus, and then ran up enormous deficits that continue to the present. Under Bush, the national debt (debt held by the public) has increased by more than $1.5 trillion. The annual deficits peaked at $413 billion in fiscal year 2004, and has declined since then. But in fiscal year 2006 (which ended last Oct. 31) the deficit was still $248 billion. The latest estimates from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office project a further reduction in the current fiscal year, to $172 billion. That would indeed be less than half the worst of Bush's deficits, but it would be only two years prior to fiscal 2009, not three.
As for spending restraint, Bush has shown little if any to date. He allowed spending to soar 42 per cent during his presidency, and didn't veto a single spending bill. (His only veto was of a bill to loosen restrictions on federally funded stem-cell research.) He did sign massive tax cuts, and revenues increased only 21 per cent during the same period.
Guest Mr. Kotter
The federal budget deficit was about $107 billion in the first quarter of fiscal year 2008, CBO estimates—about $27 billion more than in the same period last year. Outlays have risen by 9 percent compared with their level in the first three months of 2007, whereas revenues have grown by about 6 percent.
Our country has been in a sorry state for the past seven years. With its currency sinking like a pebble in a pond, its manufacturing sector disappearing like a snowball on a summer pavement, its political system disintegrating, and an endless, pointless, self-declared global war on an ill-defined terrorism, the worse might yet be off in the near future. Only its unparalleled capacity for self-deception allows the US media to continue to parrot the incredible official declarations that things are going well at home and abroad.
Let's Get serious about lowering the corporate tax rate. Countries around the world are doing it. (Tax Foundation backgrounder.) Major U.S. trading partners, including Germany, France and Spain all recently have cut theirs and the United States is on its way to having the highest corporate tax rate in the OECD. If you want to grow business in the United States -- and attract new investment -- cutting the corporate rate is a great start.
As of 01/31/2008 Total Public Debt Outstanding 9,238,008,288,942.11
http://www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/BPDLogin?application=np
Monthly Interest on the Public Debt $106,138,177,851.45
Congressional Budget Office estimates that if today's laws and policies did not change, federal spending would total $2.9 trillion in 2008 and revenues would total $2.7 trillion, resulting in a budget deficit of $219 billion. That deficit could increase significantly if legislation is enacted to provide economic stimulus—as is currently under consideration. Furthermore, additional funding that is likely to be needed to finance military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan could add $30 billion to outlays this year.
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8933/01...Testimony.shtml
Guest Congressman Ron Paul
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke testifies twice every year before the congressional Financial Services committee, and I look forward to these opportunities to raise questions about monetary policy. I believe monetary policy is critically important yet overlooked in Washington. Money is the lifeblood of any economy, and control over a nation's currency means control over its economic well being. Fed bankers quite literally determine the value of our money, by controlling the supply of dollars and establishing interest rates. Their actions can make you richer or poorer overnight, in terms of the value of your savings and the buying power of your paycheck. So I urge all Americans to educate themselves about monetary policy, and better understand how a small group of unelected individuals at the Federal Reserve and Treasury department wield tremendous power over our lives.
The following are some excerpted comments from my opening remarks at the hearing with Mr. Bernanke:
Transparency in monetary policy is a goal we should all support. I've often wondered why Congress so willingly has given up its prerogative over monetary policy. Astonishingly, Congress in essence has ceded total control over the value of our money to a secretive central bank.
Congress, although not by law, essentially has given up all its oversight responsibility over the Federal Reserve. There are no true audits, and Congress knows nothing of the conversations, plans, and actions taken in concert with other central banks. We get less and less information regarding the money supply each year, especially now that M3 is no longer reported.
The role the Fed plays in the President's secretive Working Group on Financial Markets goes unnoticed by members of Congress. The Federal Reserve shows no willingness to inform Congress voluntarily about how often the Working Group meets, what actions it takes that affect the financial markets, or why it takes those actions.
But these actions, directed by the Federal Reserve, alter the purchasing power of our money. And that purchasing power is always reduced. The dollar today is worth only four cents compared to the dollar in 1913, when the Federal Reserve started. This has profound consequences for our economy and our political stability. All paper currencies are vulnerable to collapse, and history is replete with examples of great suffering caused by such collapses, especially to a nation's poor and middle class. This leads to political turmoil.
Government officials consistently claim that inflation is in check at barely 2%, but middle class Americans know that their purchasing power--especially when it comes to housing, energy, medical care, and school tuition-- is shrinking much faster than 2% each year.
We look at GDP numbers to reassure ourselves that all is well, yet a growing number of Americans still do not enjoy the higher standard of living that monetary inflation brings to the privileged few. Those few have access to the newly created money first, before its value is diluted.
For example: Before the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, CEO income was about 30 times the average worker's pay. Today, it's closer to 500 times. It's hard to explain this simply by market forces and increases in productivity. One Wall Street firm last year gave out bonuses totaling $16.5 billion. There's little evidence that this represents free market capitalism.
In 2006 dollars, the minimum wage was $9.50 before the 1971 breakdown of Bretton Woods. Today that dollar is worth $5.15. Congress congratulates itself for raising the minimum wage by mandate, but in reality it has lowered the minimum wage by allowing the Fed to devalue the dollar. We must consider how the growing inequalities created by our monetary system will lead to social discord.
How can a policy of steadily debasing our currency be defended morally, knowing what harm it causes to those who still believe in saving money and assuming responsibility for themselves in their retirement years? Is it any wonder we are a nation of debtors rather than savers?
We need more transparency in how the Federal Reserve carries out monetary policy, and we need it soon.
Guest Jim
Without much dispute, the US Economy has relied too heavily upon its service sector, but also upon its financial sector to generate bubble after bubble on phony illicit wealth. The economic and banking leaders then engaged in systematic propaganda and false inculcation to deceive the public into accepting the doomed philosophy.
Guest John Shadegg
While the short-term ramifications of Washington's corruption and fiscal promiscuity are disturbing, the long-term consequences for our children and grandchildren should give every American cause for serious concern. Because Congress chooses to spend far more than is collected in current taxes, the government must borrow money to fund our largess.
And borrow we have, to the point where our current national debt is a whopping $9.2 trillion dollars — or more accurately $9,193,315,468, 899.43 as of December 21, 2007. That translates to $30,323.94 of debt for every man, woman, and child in America.
Who, exactly, is lending us all this money? Well, Japan has lent us $586 billion. We owe Communist China $400 billion. Our "friends" in Saudi Arabia and other oil producing nations have lent us $123 billion. And here is the really bad news: they expect us to pay them back — with interest. In fact, we paid $430 billion in interest on our debt last year alone.
http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MjgyZ...TcwYTNjN2YzZDc=
Guest Gal Luft
It would be a gross injustice to blame the Chinese, from whom we borrow one billion dollars per day or the oil countries, from whom we buy oil for another billion, for our plight. After all, Americans are known for their exuberant spending, gas guzzling and low saving rates. With net foreign debt in access of $3 trillion and with annual current account deficit of $600-$700 billion a year the U.S is the world's
largest debtor nation.
Guest Tom Edwards
The federal government disbursed $2.45 trillion in domestic spending in 2006, according to two reports published by the U.S. Census Bureau. That represented an 7.5 percent increase in federal spending over 2005.
The first of the new reports, Consolidated Federal Funds Report: 2006, provides a broad overview of how and where the federal government allocates funds. Statistics are provided for each federal department and agency, and presented by state, county and subcounty area.
http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/cffr-06.pdf
The second report, Federal Aid to States for Fiscal Year 2006, contains data on federal grants to state and local governments.
http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/fas-06.pdf
Defense spending totaled $400 billion in 2006. This amount includes procurement contracts, payroll, military pensions and grants. Department of Homeland Security spending totaled $57 billion.
Per capita spending among states was highest for Louisiana ($16,263). Mississippi was second ($14,516), followed by Alaska ($13,805). The states that received the lowest per capita distribution of federal funds were Nevada ($5,852), Utah ($6,162) and Minnesota ($6,175).
California received 10.3 percent of the total distribution of federal expenditures while Texas received 6.8 percent, followed by New York at 6.2 percent.
Nearly half of all domestic government spending (excluding interest on the federal debt) went to Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, which accounted for $1.16 trillion. The one-year increase in spending for these three programs was approximately $170 for every person living in the United States.
The government spent $739 billion on retirement and disability. Of that amount, 80 percent, or $594 billion, went to Social Security. Social Security was comprised of retirement insurance payments ($350 billion), survivors insurance ($107 billion), disability insurance ($99 billion) and supplemental security income payments ($38 billion).
The remaining federal dollars spent on retirement and disability went to civilian government workers' retirements ($59 billion), military retirements ($36 billion) and veterans' benefits ($34 billion).
California received the largest share of civilian federal government employee retirement and disability dollars ($5 billion), followed by Virginia ($4 billion). Florida received the most in military retirements ($3.7 billion), while Texas received the largest share of veterans' benefits ($3.1 billion).
Other highlights:
* The federal government spent $569 billion on direct payments other than retirement and disability, which included hospital insurance ($188 billion), supplemental medical insurance ($161 billion), earned income tax credits ($38 billion), food stamps ($30 billion), unemployment compensation ($28 billion), agricultural assistance ($28 billion), federal employment health and life programs ($21 billion) and housing assistance ($9 billion).
* Procurement contracts for the federal government totaled $409 billion in 2006 with most going to the Defense Department ($266 billion). The Army received the largest share ($83 billion), followed by the Navy ($73 billion), the Air Force ($60 billion) and other defense ($50 billion).
* Among the $143 billion procured by nondefense agencies, the Department of Energy had the largest amount ($22 billion), followed by the Department of Veterans Affairs ($16 billion), Postal Service ($15 billion), Homeland Security ($15 billion), General Services Administration ($12 billion) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration ($11 billion).
* In addition to procurement funding, the federal government issued grants totaling $494 billion. Of these, Health and Human Services accounted for $283 billion, followed by Transportation ($58 billion), Education ($38 billion), Housing and Urban Development ($37 billion), and Agriculture ($26 billion).
Federal government direct expenditures for retirement and disability, direct payments, grants and procurement are provided for each state and county area.
Population figures used to calculate per capita for the 50 states, the District of Columbia and all counties come from the 2006 population estimates and can be found at http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2006-01.html.
The data in these reports are not subject to sampling variability but are subject to nonsampling errors, which include errors of response and processing.
Guest Stewart A. Alexander
Recently, the U.S. economy has become the number one concern with a majority of Americans; and as President Bush attempts to hold together the U.S. economy during his final six months in office, it is likely it will become the responsibility of the next president to offer a national plan that will move the nation forward and to restore the confidence of the American people.
Today, working people are concerned with a broad range of issues that are presently threatening their financial well-being; those issues include job security, smaller paychecks, affordable housing, soaring gasoline and food prices, health care cost, the value of the U.S. dollar, inflation and the expanding U.S. recession.
Most working families are earning less than what they earned when President Bush became president in 2000; and with all the promises that were made by the Democrats in the House and Senate in 2006, conditions have gone from bad to worse for working people over the past 18 months. The price of gasoline has increased by more than $2.00 per gallon and the Democrats have chosen to invest in war while millions of Americans are finding it difficult to keep up with the rising cost of food.
The campaign rhetoric of Obama and McCain is failing to connect with a majority of working people; both candidates represent political parties that have failed to ease the massive loss of jobs nationwide. Recent employment data indicates that more than 320,000 jobs have been lost in the past six months and more than 79,000 for the months of May and June of this year.
Both McCain and Obama are promising to invest in clean and energy efficient technologies to create jobs and to revamp foreign policies to protect U.S. jobs; however, both candidates represent political parties that are whole selling jobs to foreign markets and have only invested in new technologies that are in the interest of special interest groups and technologies that are military related.
Both McCain and Obama have failed to offer any viable plans for the battered U.S. economy. Obama recently proposed his own version of a national stimulus package that would amount to another $50 billion. The $168 billion stimulus package that was presented by the Bush administration has failed to stimulate the sagging U.S. economy; and it is likely Obama's stimulus proposal would only create an additional tax burden on working people and add to the national debt.
Obama is also calling for government subsidies for health care, college and for those retired; however, his plan would require him to tax the nation's top earners and the special interest groups that have helped his campaign the most.
With less than four months before the 2008 Election, both McCain and Obama have failed to offer an economic road map that will alter the course of the U.S. economy; a course that has many signs indicating more trouble ahead.
Stewart Alexander says, "The U.S. economy needs a fundamental transformation, focusing on production for need not profit;" as stated in the National Platform of Socialist Party USA. Alexander says the campaign of his U.S. Presidential running mate, Brian Moore, is not about reforming the process, "our campaign is about changing the process."
Unlike McCain and Obama, Presidential Candidate Brian Moore is demanding the immediate withdrawal of the United States from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), and Moore opposes the creation of a widened Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).
As the presidential nominee for Socialist Party USA and a presidential candidate seeking the nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party, Brian Moore supports the platforms of both the socialist parties. Both socialist parties are calling for worker and community ownership and control of corporations within the framework of a decentralized and democratically determined economic plan. To the contrary, Obama and McCain support an economy that is based upon corporate profits, dominated by the capitalist ruling class and a few massive corporations.
Brian Moore is also calling for a minimum wage of $15 per hour, indexed to the cost of living. The presidential candidate has also presented a plan that will provide full employment and he supports the provisions of a livable guaranteed annual income.
Moore and Alexander believes it is possible to provide health care for all; Alexander says all financial and insurance institutions must be socially owned and operated by a democratically-controlled national banking authority, which should include credit unions, mutual insurance cooperatives, and cooperative state banks.
Alexander says the makeover that is needed for the U.S. economy will be much broader than the New Deal that was introduced during the Roosevelt administration; the New Deal helped to pull the nation out of the Great Depression. Socialists believe only a global transformation from capitalism to democratic socialism will provide the conditions for international peace, justice, and economic cooperation based on the large-scale transfer of resources and technology from the developed to the developing countries.
Two things are for certain, there is no easy fix for the ailing U.S. economy, and Barack Obama and John McCain are not prepared to make the necessary changes that will protect the interests of working people. Comparing the economic plans of the two candidates, it does not matter whether McCain or Obama is elected in the 2008 Election; the economic programs that have been outlined by both candidates will only produce minor differences to the present Bush White House.
Guest Bobby_*
Congress has raised the debt ceiling some 48 times over the past 68 years, and they will continue to do so until the voters demand that it stops.
Guest TheOffice
The real truth is our intelligence-military-fiscal complex is raping the treasury and our political system is not strong enough to stop them.
Guest Doug Page
AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE WAY THE PRIVATE BANKING SYSTEM MAKES HUGE PROFITS OUT OF THIN AIR
Let's use $10,000 as an example to understand the process.
The Federal Reserve Bank buys $10,000 of US debts called Treasury Bills from the US. Where does the Fed get the money? The Fed creates it out of thin air. This is the first bit of magic. This is authorized by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, and is a questionable delegation by Congress of its own power to "coin money and regulate the value thereof. It is the ultimate in privatization. It is an authorization for the Fed and the banks to counterfeit actual hard money. Other federal laws make this counterfeit money legal tender for the payment of all debts and taxes.
The Fed then loans this $10,000 to a bank and requires the bank to pay the current federal funds rate as interest. This $10,000 becomes a "liability" of the bank, but the bank immediately loans this money to a borrower, but in double entry bookkeeping, this $10,000 loan becomes an "asset" of the bank from which the bank can make further loans. Here is where the second bit of magic occurs called "fractional reserve banking." The reserve is not gold or any other hard asset. The "reserve" is debt.
The bank is permitted by the Fed to loan 90% (or more) of that $10,000 loan to make a second loan of $9,000 which also becomes an "asset" of the bank from which the bank can make a third loan of 90% or $8100 and continuing to a maximum of 10 times the first $10,000 or $100,000.
The bank "earns" interest on this magic $100,000 created out of thin air which is the source of the bank's immense Ponzi-like profit. A bank can earn more profit by borrowing more from the Fed and loaning it. This explains why the banks are so eager to give us credit cards.
By federal law, this money created out of thin air is "legal tender" and must be accepted in the payment of debts and taxes. The backup security is not gold, but "the full faith and credit" of the United States.
Guest FYI
Our national is debt is 11 trillion.
Guest LPAC
In uttering his lame excuses for looting the treasury to fatten the swindlers, this current President has left us with the fact, that the only way the U.S. could survive, even almost two years later than July 25, 2007, is by reversing the intrinsically fraudulent "bail out" of Wall Street and London, to put the system into bankruptcy-reorganization, as I specified this then. In a choice between serving the swindlers and the people of the United States, President Obama has chosen the side of the swindlers who contributed so much to buy themselves his presently less than worthless Presidency.
The only hope for his Presidency, now, is that he must betray the swindlers who bought him his election; he must do this in order to serve the citizens of the U.S.A., people whose trust in him he has presently betrayed, and to whom he owes the burden of his declared oath of office.
Guest K. Campbell
The Economy Is So Bad...
* CEO's are now playing miniature golf.
* Jewish women are marrying for love.
* Even people who have nothing to do with the Obama administration
aren't paying their taxes.
* Hotwheels and Matchbox stocks are trading higher than GM.
* Obama met with "small" businesses to discuss the Stimulus
Package: GE, Pfizer and Citigroup.
* McDonalds is selling the 1/4 ouncer .
* Parents in Beverly Hills fired their nannies and learned their
children's names.
* A truckload of Americans got caught sneaking into Mexico .
* The most highly-paid job is now jury duty.
* People in Africa are donating money to Americans.
* Motel Six won't leave the light on.
* The Mafia is laying off judges.
Congress says they are looking into this Bernard Madoff scandal.
Hey, neat...the guy who made $50 billion disappear is being investigated by the people who made $750 billion disappear.
Guest Dwight_*
The current IRS structure was created at the same time the Fed Reserve was created (1913 time frame) and this was no accident. The design was for us taxpayers to start paying National Debt interest payments into the bankers pockets that they engineered.
Guest York
Over the last six months the national debt skyrocketed by nearly $3 trillion. According to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, our national debt will more than double by 2019. Americans will have to pay for this stratospheric spending spree first by begging foreign nations to buy our bonds, and later through higher taxes and inflation.
Grassroots anger at the inability of Washington to live within a budget has been building for some time, and began to boil over in late 2007 as the Bush Administration and Treasury Secretary Paulson abandoned their claimed free market principles to bail out auto makers and Wall Street banks through TARP.
When newly-elected President Obama and his allies in Congress passed the $780 billion debt stimulus plan in February 2009, activists took to the streets.
On tax day, the tea party movement began in earnest. Until now the movement has remained at the local levels. No longer will that be the case. The movement is coming to Washington on September 12, 2009, for a march and rally at the U.S. Capitol.
From autos to banking, the government is crowding out the private sector of our economy. Where Bush bailed out the private sector, Obama is making hostile government takeovers. Ignoring our multi-trillion dollar deficit, Washington is considering a massive new energy tax and a takeover of health care.
On Saturday, September 12th, FreedomWorks will be joined by over ten thousand liberty-loving activists to take a stand against politicians who are bankrupting our future. National co-sponsors include Tea Party Patriots, ResistNet, National Taxpayers Union, Americans For Tax Reform, Young Americans for Liberty, Ayn Rand Center, Campaign for Liberty, Free Republic, Young America's Foundation, Smart Girl Politics, and The Club for Growth.
The event will kick-off on September 10th and 11th with various events throughout Washington, including grassroots leadership training and Capitol Hill visits. The three-day event culminates on September 12th as taxpayers march on the Capitol building.
For more information, including media inquiries, registration, contacting event coordinators, and the schedule of events, please visit our event website at
http://www.912dc.org.
JT Allen
That is HUGELY fascinating to me. How is this legal? What a friggin' scam! Right now I have to let it sink in as I cannot wrap my mind around this post ...
Guest Enron Ex
The more bonds lose ground, the more investors are likely to wonder whether the Federal Reserve will increase its current $300 billion program of buying Treasurys, which it launched in March to keep credit conditions loose throughout the recession-bound economy.
Guest Richard in NY
On Tuesday, Treasury suffered its worst five-year auction in history. Yet that news barely made a headline. The Treasury's five-year auction yield was 2.69% with 21.15% allotted at the high and bid to cover was 1.92 to 1. The average of the past ten auctions has been 2.20%. Indirect, central bank participation was 35.7% versus an average of 36.8%. Overall that was weak demand. Do not forget the Treasury has to raise $2 trillion by 9/30/09. In addition, the $2 trillion or so of "government" issuance over the past year is greater than the $1.4 trillion peak total mortgage credit growth during 2005 and 2006.
Today's credit crisis finance bubble will make the residential and commercial bubble look like a joke. Multiply by 5 or 10. Who knows where this can end up? Despite record debt issuance, the market will lend the Treasury three-month money at about 11 basis points (bps), or 0.11%. Two-year borrowings come at cost of about 100 bps. The price of Treasury notes and bonds inflates in spite of enormous deficits as far as the eye can see.
Instead of a movement toward constructing a more stable global credit system and backdrop, policymakers have instead jumped farther into the uncharted waters of unconstrained credit expansion.
Guest Capitol Hill
The economy could spiral into hyperinflation not seen since the early 1980s if the Federal Reserve does not tighten its monetary policy soon, Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) warned Tuesday.
Grassley, speaking about the renomination of Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke to a second term as head of the Fed, asserted that Bernanke's ability to hold down inflation would be the metric by which the Fed's success would be measured.
"We won't know for a year if he's done a good job so far, because he shoveled money out of an airplane to save banks and the financial system," Grassley said in a conference call with Iowa reporters. "But shoveling money out of an airplane to solve problems can be inflationary — in this case, hyperinflationary — if he doesn't start mopping up some of the money that's out there."
Grassley, the ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee, said that inflation as a result from government spending on bailouts could result in inflation rivaling rates in 1980, when it hit a peak of 13.5 percent.
"The Fed has the ability to put money out, it's got the ability to take money back in, and if they don't do that, we will have hyperinflation worse than we had in 1980 and '81," Grassley said. "And I hope he demonstrates that ability."
Grassley argued that while it would be a year until lawmakers will know whether Bernanke has been successful at bringing inflation under control, it would probably be best to keep the chairman on board for a second term as head of the Federal Reserve.
"I would suggest that right now, when everybody's nervous about the economy, that you don't change horses in the middle of the stream, and consequently, it would probably be detrimental to not have him reappointed,"
Guest Human
To give you folks how much money is a Billion Dollars?
If you were to count up to a BILLION DOLLARS, it would take you from birth till the person dies plus ten years afterwards to count to a Billion.
That's just 1 Billion, now imagine 10 Billion? 100 Billion? 500 Billion? 1 Trillion?
Now Imagine the interest on the national debt? 1.4 trillion And counting, and that's with out Nationalized health care. Add 2 trillion more at least.
Guest Cyberian
The largest currency reserve managers, namely China and Russia want a new alternative global reserve currency, including expanded SDR to incorporate the yuan and ruble.


text:
namespace routing
{
class WorldGraph
{
public:
  // AStarAlgorithm and CheckGraphConnectivity() types aliases:
  using Vertex = IndexGraph::Vertex;
  using Edge = IndexGraph::Edge;
  using Weight = IndexGraph::Weight;

  enum class Mode
  {
    LeapsOnly,  // Mode for building a cross mwm route containing only leaps. In case of start and
                // finish they (start and finish) will be connected with all transition segments of
                // their mwm with leap (fake) edges.
    LeapsIfPossible,  // Mode for building cross mwm and single mwm routes. In case of cross mwm route
                      // if they are neighboring mwms the route will be made without leaps.
                      // If not the route is made with leaps for intermediate mwms.
    NoLeaps,    // Mode for building route and getting outgoing/ingoing edges without leaps at all.
    SingleMwm,  // Mode for building route and getting outgoing/ingoing edges within mwm source
                // segment belongs to.
  };

  virtual ~WorldGraph() = default;

  // |isEnding| == true iff |segment| is first or last segment of the route. Needed because first and
  // last segments may need special processing.
  virtual void GetEdgeList(Segment const & segment, bool isOutgoing, bool isLeap, bool isEnding,
                           std::vector<SegmentEdge> & edges) = 0;

  // Checks whether path length meets restrictions. Restrictions may depend on the distance from
  // start to finish of the route.
  virtual bool CheckLength(RouteWeight const & weight, double startToFinishDistanceM) const = 0;

  virtual Junction const & GetJunction(Segment const & segment, bool front) = 0;
  virtual m2::PointD const & GetPoint(Segment const & segment, bool front) = 0;
  virtual bool IsOneWay(NumMwmId mwmId, uint32_t featureId) = 0;

  // Checks whether feature is allowed for through passage.
  virtual bool IsPassThroughAllowed(NumMwmId mwmId, uint32_t featureId) = 0;

  // Clear memory used by loaded graphs.
  virtual void ClearCachedGraphs() = 0;
  virtual void SetMode(Mode mode) = 0;
  virtual Mode GetMode() const = 0;

  // Interface for AStarAlgorithm:
  virtual void GetOutgoingEdgesList(Segment const & segment, std::vector<SegmentEdge> & edges) = 0;
  virtual void GetIngoingEdgesList(Segment const & segment, std::vector<SegmentEdge> & edges) = 0;

  virtual RouteWeight HeuristicCostEstimate(Segment const & from, Segment const & to) = 0;
  virtual RouteWeight HeuristicCostEstimate(m2::PointD const & from, m2::PointD const & to) = 0;
  virtual RouteWeight CalcSegmentWeight(Segment const & segment) = 0;
  virtual RouteWeight CalcOffroadWeight(m2::PointD const & from, m2::PointD const & to) const = 0;
  virtual bool LeapIsAllowed(NumMwmId mwmId) const = 0;

  // Returns transit-specific information for segment. For nontransit segments returns nullptr.
  virtual std::unique_ptr<TransitInfo> GetTransitInfo(Segment const & segment) = 0;
};

std::string DebugPrint(WorldGraph::Mode mode);
}  // namespace routing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
April 22, 2020 5.09 pm This story is over 20 months old
New food larder opens for Lincoln village in need
Food donation service for vulnerable people in rural areas
A new community larder in Welton providing food for those in need.
The Lincoln Community Larder has opened a new site in Welton to help provide basic needs for those who are vulnerable during COVID-19.
The operation will be based at St Mary's Church in Welton to reach people in vulnerable areas.
Charity operators have said demand for food parcels has increased significantly since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, and that it was often too difficult and expensive for villagers to travel to Lincoln for supplies.
The larder site will be a community effort each Thursday afternoon run by volunteers in the area.
Reverend Paul Levins, the man behind the launch, said: "Prompted by the current crisis, the churches of the Welton area felt called to help local people struggling to put food on the table."
Rev. Paul Levins is in charge of the community larder.
"We recognised that for some people it's just too difficult or expensive to travel into Lincoln to access a food bank, so we wanted to provide a local service for our rural communities."
The St Mary's Church site is the fourth larder to be opened by the charity, with the opening times as follows:
Rosemary Lane – Tuesday and Friday from 1:30pm to 3:00pm
St Giles Methodist Church – Wednesday 11am to 12pm and Friday 9:30am to 10:30am
St John the Baptist Parish Church Hall – Wednesday 9:30am to 10:30am
St Mary's Church – Thursday 1:30pm to 3:00pm
To find out more information about Lincoln Community Larder or how to make a donation, visit their website.
Follow our coronavirus live feed for any new updates.
Long-Established Florist Business For Sale
2 bedroom Detached House to let


text:
Q: Frames and Buttons Hi though i did complete the basics of java which im fairly new of, i keep getting errors when i try to add buttons on a new Frame/Panel. Care to educate me on what the problem might be?
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

class MainClass {
    String cont_orders;
    private JFrame frame1;
    private JPanel mainpanel;
    JButton bt1, bt2, bt3, bt4, bt5;
    private JButton btotal = new JButton("Order");
    private JButton clearOr = new JButton("Clear");
    private JTextField pricetotal = new JTextField();
    private JTextField list_of_orders = new JTextField();

public MainClass(){
    gui();
}

private void gui(){
    frame1 = new JFrame("Order");
    frame1.setSize(500,430);
    frame1.setVisible(true);
    frame1.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    frame1.setResizable(false);

    mainpanel = new JPanel();
    mainpanel.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

    mainpanel.add(bt1);
        bt1 = new JButton("M-Item 1 [Soda]");
    frame1.add(mainpanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public static void main (String[]args){
    new MainClass();
}

}
im trying to practice on coding normally instead of relying on that automatic one in NetBeans [JFrame Form/JPanel Form]
care to help?

A: Now this cannot be done in java
mainpanel.add(bt1);
bt1 = new JButton("M-Item 1 [Soda]");

Turn it around.
Explanation: the field bt1 is at that time a variable holding the null object.
That object (value) is added, not some variable address as in other languages.

A: Reverse it bt1 = new JButton("M-Item 1 [Soda]"
mainpanel.add(bt1);
Because if not the value of bt1 would be null so you must fill it first then use it .
Or
mainpanel.add(new JButton("..."));


Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek materialist philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace ca. 460 BC - died ca 370 BC), popularly known as the philosopher of laughter. Democritus was a student of Leucippus and co-originator of the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable, indivisible elements which he called atoma (sg. atomon) or "indivisible units", from which we get the English word atom. Popularly known as the Laughing Philosopher (for laughing at human follies), the terms Abderitan laughter, which means scoffing, incessant laughter, and Abderite, which means a scoffer, are derived from Democritus.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Democritus" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
This page was last modified 11:07, 30 April 2018.


text:
Quit it with the viral job-quitting videos
No, the first words of Trump's tweets don't match up to lyrics of 'Break My Stride'
Rachel Kiley— January 19
Yes, people really fell for this.
No, the first words of Trump's tweets don't match up to lyrics of 'Break My Stride' Sunday 10:28 PM
White woman demanding strangers 'repent' for Christ sparks conversation on mental illness and racism Sunday 9:27 PM
Amtrak employee asked a NAACP lawyer to move from her train seat Sunday 7:54 PM
Billie Eilish fans riot after being referred to as 'Avocados' Sunday 4:37 PM
Beyhive coming for Sainsbury's supermarket over Ivy Park shade Sunday 3:17 PM
Antique store blasted for selling 'white only' signs Sunday 1:45 PM
DaBaby explains altercation with hotel employee after video goes viral Sunday 12:32 PM
Kanye faces backlash for headlining Christian event with anti-LGBTQ leaders Sunday 10:31 AM
Why is Yennefer of Vengerberg so different in Netflix's 'The Witcher'? Sunday 10:00 AM
Actress slammed for 'acid attack-face' TikTok challenge Sunday 9:46 AM
'Weathering With You' blends fantasy and realism in a magical love story Saturday 6:18 PM
Kidnapped teen used Snapchat to get rescued Saturday 4:35 PM
What fans do and don't want to see in future 'Far Cry' installments Saturday 4:26 PM
Aaron Carter accused of stealing lion art for merch Saturday 3:10 PM
Instagram's hidden like counts were inspired by a 'Black Mirror' episode Saturday 2:06 PM
Quitting like this is flat out rude. What happened to classy?
Carin Moonin— 2013-10-02 03:15 pm | Last updated 2017-02-25 02:13 am
By now, you've probably seen the video of Marina Shifrin quitting her job via interpretive dance, along with the somewhat unimaginative response from her bosses. And although most of the commentary directed at Marina has been largely "yee-haw!" and "you go!" and "stick it to the MAN!" I have a different point of view.
Surprise! Hated it.
We've all had shitty jobs. I've been called fat, ugly, and clumsy. I've missed Christmas parties because of someone else's missed deadlines. I've been stuck outside in a thunderstorm that turned a beige dress pornographic right before meeting the head of my division. I've pulled all-nighters for things that at the time seemed like a total waste of my undergrad education, time, and abilities. Too much PowerPoint and adding color graphs of nothing relevant to pointless, jargon-enriched new business pitches, really?
But you know what? Those pitches—and our success with them—decided my job and the jobs of my coworkers. They weren't pointless: If we didn't win any, the company would go under.
Maybe that's a sign of getting old: I sympathize with my former bosses. I mean, I don't agree with or understand everything they did and do and I never wanted their jobs which should have been a clue I was in the wrong place from the get-go…but that's not the point. The point is, I understood that they and the people above them were accountable for keeping things going.
I dealt with it.
I also think quitting like this is flat out rude. What happened to classy? When I quit my first real job, I was terrified. I thought there would be confrontation. The night before, I my rehearsed my quitting script until I was satisfied, did visualizations of my boss' office in which I would give notice, and played Sheryl Crow's "A Change Will Do You Good" on repeat. Overkill? Inflating my own self-worth? Maybe. But a little fear is good: The things that initially scared the shit out of me are the things I'm happy to highlight on my resume.
And that boss I'd been so scared of? Totally understanding.
Regardless of whether or not quitting frightens you, have some fucking professional courtesy. You know what you do when you decide to quit? You man up. You face the person, in person, to whom you are quitting—and if he or she is out of town that day, you find that person's supervisor, you find human resources, someone, anyone. You have a resignation letter prepared. You give your employer two weeks' notice, but be prepared to walk out that day. You treat them with respect, or at least politeness.
(Or do you leave that to your parents?)
Same goes for your colleagues. I don't know Marina's backstory, but if she upped and quit and left her coworkers in the lurch having to pick up her obviously herculean workload, that's just shitty.
I think an attitude of entitlement runs rampant in today's job market, especially among those relatively new to it: the assumption that only fascinating projects, jazzy titles, gobs of money along with the most flexible of hours and the best colleagues ever will consistently manifest themselves—simply because they are somehow deserved.
Marina is a good writer. Her Modern Love piece was well done. She'll have luck elsewhere, if she hasn't already, though I personally wouldn't hire a writer who can't spell copywriting.
And I see where she's coming from. Hell, we've all wanted to do something like this at one time or another, so that takes balls. But it's also completely unprofessional.
The good bosses listen to you, value your opinions, and mentor you. The bad ones…well, we've all been there. But whether your boss is nice or evil, I can guarantee you one thing: he or she has other concerns besides you.
Like keeping the place running.
And all the dance videos in the world aren't going to change that.
Carin Moonin is a writer living in Portland, Ore. Sometimes she'll even tweet about things she hates at @carinwrites.
Screen grab via YouTube
Carin Moonin
Carin Moonin is a freelance writer and content strategist with more than 15 years of experience. She lives in Portland, Oregon.
Carin Moonin Dancing Marina Shifrin Modern Love The Hater Youtube


text:
Category » Festivals Prizes »
Victorian Indigenous Art Awards (VIAA)
Victorian Indigenous Art Awards (VIAA) Information:
Website: http://www.arts.vic.gov.au/content/Public/Arts_in_Victoria/Indigenous_Art_in_Victoria/Victorian_Indigenous_Art_Awards_VIAA.aspx
Introduced in 2004, the VIAA were developed to:
Support and acknowledge Victoria's Indigenous artists
Raise the profile of the high quality and diversity of Indigenous art produced within Victoria.
Showcase and increase the recognition of south eastern Indigenous art and build the Victorian Indigenous art industry by exhibiting it to wider audiences and potential buyers.
The 2008 award winners will be announced at an awards ceremony on the 28th November 2008 and published on this website.
There are six award categories:
Deadly Art Award - open to two and three dimensional works with cash prize of $10,000 plus $5,000 professional development support. Supported by Arts Victoria.
Koorie Heritage Trust Acquisition Award - open to two and three dimensional works by artists who have not previously held a solo exhibition. Prize of $5,000 and in-kind support for a solo exhibition to the value of $5,000. Supported by Koorie Heritage Trust.
NGV Acquisitive Prize - awarded to an outstanding independent or collaborative work. Open to two and three dimensional works. Prize $5,000. Suported by the National Gallery of Victoria.
Lin Onus Award - for young artists aged 18030 for two and three dimensional works. Prize $3,000 and art materials to the value of $2,000. Supported by Peter Brock Foundation.
Victorian Cultural Heritage Award - awarded for a work which is the result of research and/or oral history into cultural heritage, customs, ceremonies and/or events relating to the Aboriginal people of Victoria. Open to two and three dimensional works and creative writing, where writing is part of the visual artwork. Prize $5,000 sponsored by the Department of Planning and Community Development, Aboriginal Affairs Victoria.
Boscia Galleries Award for Photography - This is an acquisitive award for two and three dimensional photographic works. Prize of $2,000 plus $1,000 in photographic supplies and in-kind support for development of a solo exhibition in a commercial gallery to the value of $5,000. Sponsored by Michele and Anthony Boscia.
Previous catalogues are available for download on the website.
Victorian Indigenous Art Awards (VIAA) Festivals & prizes
Victorian Indigenous Art Awards (VIAA) news archive hosted by Aboriginal Art News
23.08.14 | Jenny Crompton wins Victoria's Richest Indigenous Art Award
26.04.14 | Entries now open for the Victorian Indigenous Art Awards
12.10.10 | 2011 VICTORIAN INDIGENOUS ART AWARDS OPEN
07.10.10 | Victorian Indigenous Art Awards 2011
18.11.09 | PRIZES FOR KOORIE ARTISTS
15.11.09 | Artists vie for top indigenous award
06.11.09 | 2009 Victorian Indigenous Art Awards shortlist announced
Last modified: November 19, 2009 3:05 PM


Description: Newest Carling Toggle Switch Wiring Diagram Dpdt Switch Wiring Newest Carling Toggle Switch Wiring Diagram Dpdt Switch Wiring Diagram Guitar Refrence Carling Dpdt Rocker Dpdt Switch Circuit Diagram #7146 from the above 980x926 resolutions which is part of the "DIY Needed" directory. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "Save full resolution" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
Among probably the most widespread electrical wiring inquiries is on how to wire a swap. Though utilizing switches in your house is sort of quick, wiring one may not be that uncomplicated for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is actually quite simple to wire. There are different kinds of switches, but for this instance, let us say you happen to be installing a single-pole toggle switch, an exceptionally popular switch (as well as most basic).
You'll find 3 colours of wires inside a normal single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and environmentally friendly. Splice the black wire in two and hook up them around the terminal screws - one particular on major and the other over the base screw in the swap. The white wire serves as being a supply of uninterrupted electric power and is particularly typically related to your mild coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Connect the eco-friendly wire to your ground screw of the change.
These measures would frequently be sufficient to create a standard switch function without having a issue. Then again, in the event you are not self-assured that you can achieve the undertaking thoroughly and safely you far better enable the professionals get it done instead. Immediately after all, there is certainly a cause why this job is without doubt one of the most commonly encountered electrical wiring issues requested by plenty of people.
For many explanation, the best way to wire a ceiling fan is likewise one among quite possibly the most prevalent electrical wiring inquiries. To simplify this task, you may use a single change for a single ceiling fan. To wire the enthusiast, it can be simply a make any difference of connecting the black wire of your ceiling fan into the black wire from the switch. If there is a light, the blue wire need to be related to the black wire of your change likewise.
You will find motives why these are typically the most generally asked electrical wiring queries. 1, several believe it is really easy to do, and two, these are the widespread electrical responsibilities in your own home. But then you mustn't set your safety in danger within your intention to save money. The stakes could even be a lot better when you try and get monetary savings and do an electrical wiring job with out sufficient expertise or encounter.


text:
Teacher Shortage Becoming a Growing Concern in Hawaii
The number of Hawaii teachers quitting their jobs and leaving the state is becoming a growing concern.
Hawaii is working to ensure its schools are safe and supportive. This page features school climate information for Hawaii, including a list of grants the State has received; State discipline and...
Elementary School Students Attend Anti-Bullying Conference
Promote peace and stop the violence. That was the message Monday behind an anti-bullying conference at the Blaisdell.
Hawaii Education Officials Propose Stricter Bullying Policy
The Hawaii Department of Education is proposing changes to its misconduct and discipline policy, creating a new offense of sexual harassment and increasing the offense classification of bullying.
Students of Color, Disabled Likelier to Face School Discipline — With Lasting Effects
Students of color and those with disabilities are more likely to face discipline in Minnesota schools than their peers — a disparity state leaders say violates their human rights.
Minnesota Schools Revamping Math Instruction
Several districts are in the midst of overhauling their curriculum.
Students Use Comic Books to Teach Cyber Bullying Awareness
Students at Saint Anthony Park Elementary School in St. Paul are getting creative in the fight against cyber bullying.
'Compassionate Schools' Embraced at Winona Area Learning Center
Winona Area Learning Center (WALC) staff are working to implement a "compassionate school" model, which education professionals have said will change the school's culture; strengthen positive relationships between students and staff; help improve graduation rates, grades, and the number of students disciplined; and create a safe environment for students in which to thrive.
Middle and High School (19)
Pre-K/Elementary School (18)
Protective Factors (1)
(-) Hawaii (6)
(-) Minnesota (55)
(-) New York (100)