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In Her Final Speech, Ayn Rand Denounces Ronald Reagan, the Moral Majority & Anti-Choicers (1981)
in Politics | October 6th, 2014 4 Comments
When the Republican party struggles to determine its future direction, it often looks back to its intellectual and political leaders of decades past. And while we often hear about novel ways to think of those figures, we rarely hear much about what they thought of each other. Such inquiries can show us the historical fault lines visible in current debates between libertarian, small-government types and so-called "values voters," conflicts that reach back at least to Barry Goldwater, who had no sympathy for the religious right in his heyday. Even in his old age, the conservative senator from Arizona was, for example, "pretty secure in feeling that discriminating against gays is constitutionally wrong." In a 1994 interview, Goldwater resisted what he called the "radical right […] fellows like Pat Robertson and others who are trying to take the Republican Party away from the Republican Party, and make a religious organization out of it." "If that ever happens," Goldwater said, "kiss politics goodbye."
Thirteen years earlier, in 1981, another figure much-revered on the political right felt similarly about the rise of the "moral majority" after the election of Ronald Reagan. Asked what she thought of Reagan, Ayn Rand replied, "I don't think of him. And the more I see, the less I think of him." For Rand, "the appalling part of his administration was his connection with the so-called 'Moral Majority' and sundry other TV religionists, who are struggling, apparently with his approval, to take us back to the Middle Ages via the unconstitutional union of religion and politics." Rand's primary concern, it seems, is that this "unconstitutional union" represented a "threat to capitalism." While she admired Reagan's appeal to an "inspirational element" in American politics, "he will not find it," remarked Rand, "in the God, family, tradition swamp." Instead, she proclaims, we should be inspired by "the most typical American group… the businessmen."
Rand made these remarks in her last public lecture, delivered in 1981 at the National Committee for Monetary Reform conference in New Orleans. You can see excerpts at the top of the post and the full speech above. She clarifies her position on the moral majority in the second clip in the top video, claiming that the lobbying groups and voting blocks of the religious right were seeking to impose their "religious ideas on other people by force." Rand also supported abortion rights, stating unequivocally that a politician who opposes the right to an abortion is "not a defender of rights and not a defender of capitalism." It's not entirely clear how Rand saw religious legislation as a threat to capitalism, but there can be no doubt that she did. And though—as NPR political blogger Frank James writes—many people think that a good deal of "cherrypicking of her ideas has to be done to claim her as a modern conservative hero," there are also obviously plenty of religious conservatives who can admire Rand without denying or excusing her hostility to their faith. Yet, as the applause she received for her forceful rejection of the religious right suggests, there may have been—at least in 1981—no small number of conservatives who agreed with her.
A Free Cartoon Biography of Ayn Rand: Her Life & Thought
Ayn Rand Trashes C.S. Lewis in Her Marginalia: He's an "Abysmal Bastard"
Ayn Rand Adamantly Defends Her Atheism on The Phil Donahue Show (Circa 1979)
Josh Jones is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at @jdmagness.
Hanoch says:
"the unconstitutional union of religion and politics"
— Ayn Rand
"Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and morality are indispensable supports."
— George Washington
Don Kenner says:
Not really a rebuttal. Rand would just say that while the Founders were amazing thinkers, sometimes they got it wrong, often owing to the times in which they lived.
Also, the Founders tended to use the words "religion" and "morality" interchangeably (most of them being Deists or nominal Christians). And Rand would agree that morality is indispensable for political prosperity.
She might frown on the Appeal to Authority (unless she were the authority!)
I do not think you can reconcile the two sentiments I quoted. Perhaps Rand would have contended that "they [the Founders] got it wrong." (She seemed to have no shortage of chutzpah.) Ultimately, however, there is a lot of history to show that the Founders got it right.
Nice piece and video. I hope that liberals as well as conservatives will make some effort to agree or disagree with what Rand actually believed, rather than what they read on the internet. And cherry-picking quotes from the 1950s isn't helpful, either, unless you are playing "gotcha!"
I have both liberal and conservative friends, and they both just look at me like I'm crazy when I say that Rand was not a conservative. She must be! They heard it on cable news or read it on the internet. Sigh.


As Labor Day has come and gone it's time to look back and reflect on what was the greatest four day weekend of the summer, The Minnesota State Fair. The Minnesota State Fair is a popular show for Shorthorn breeders all across the Midwest. These four days are always spent catching up with old friends, viewing some high quality Shorthorn cattle, and having just a little bit of fun. With over 140 head of Shorthorn cattle we hosted the second largest breed at the show this year!
The Minnesota State Fair is known for more than just its quality livestock, it has tremendous amounts of tasty treats, many of which can be had on a stick. It has concerts every single night, whether it's country music or hard rock there is normally a concert for everyone's taste. But most importantly, the Minnesota State Fair has tremendous exhibitors who place an emphasis on building relationships with showman and breeders all across the country!
This four-day event gave me the time to get to catch up my current relationships all whom I have made while attending the fair for numerous years. This year's state fair also gave me the opportunity to build new relationships with exhibitors who I have never met before. I know I am not the only one who will say this, but the relationships I build in the cattle barns at the Minnesota State Fair are one's that will last a lifetime. The four days we spend helping other exhibitors settle in and prepare livestock for show day, and the time spent sitting by the cattle and talking are moments that we will cherish until next year's state fair when we are able to do it all over again!
"Minnesota nice" isn't just a stereotype that our state is given, it's an ideology that we embrace! We make it our passion to ensure every person who comes to show Shorthorn cattle in our state have an experience of a lifetime, and has a desire to come back to show next year. No matter how big or small your shorthorn operation may be, the Minnesota State Fair is just the place for all Shorthorn breeders to spend a fun and rewarding Labor Day weekend!
Now, I'm sure you have heard by now that the 2016 National Junior Shorthorn Show and Youth Conference is going to be held in St. Paul Minnesota next summer. We as a state cannot wait to meet and host breeders from across the country on our state fairgrounds! We have some big ideas and fun activities in the works to make sure that this Junior Nationals is one for the books! We hope that every showman keeps us in mind as they prepare for next summer's busy show season, because Junior Nationals is a show you are not going to want to miss!
Whether you're from South Dakota or Texas the Minnesota Shorthorn Association is excited to welcome you to our home next July. Be prepared for a fourth of July weekend unlike any other, your friends and family will be envious of all the fun times you have in our great state of Minnesota! We promise to give you a week to remember at the 2016 Shorthorn Junior Nationals! An added bonus to all those who have never attended the Minnesota State Fair, this Junior Nationals will give you a chance to check out our fairgrounds and see if you would be up for spending your labor day weekend back in Minnesota for the 2016 Minnesota State Fair! So mark your calendars for the fourth of July weekend, because we all know you won't want to miss this amazing opportunity!


We at Thompson Authors have decided to host a Book Fair in our home town of Carmarthen – it is surprising that until now Book Fairs have existed around the town but not in the town itself. Strange, as the town of Carmarthen is steeped in literary history; after all this is where The Black Book of Carmarthen – the oldest manuscript written entirely in Welsh – originates from.
Not only is the town of Carmarthen famed for this incredible book but let us not forget the legend of Merlin and Merlin's Oak. The famous oak stood for centuries at the junction of Priory Street and Old Oak Lane until 1978 when it was taken down in order to facilitate the flow of traffic.
Thankfully Merlin's prophecy 'When Priory's Oak shall tumble down, Then shall fall Carmarthen Town' has not come true. Fragments of this famous oak are held in a case in the foyer in St. Peter's Civic Hall as well as at the local museum.
What better way to honour this town's great literary history and legend than by hosting a Book Fair in St.Peter's Civic Hall – home of this famous oak.
We welcome you to join us Saturday 1st October 2016, 09.30 – 04.30pm at the hall. There will be stalls for Welsh, local and independent authors to showcase their talent, talks, readings, workshops, results from the childrens' writing competition announced (schools from Carmarthen will be contacted directly), and a raffle, the proceeds of which will go to the local Hywel Dda Health Charities organisation and the Multiple Sclerosis Society. There will also be a Children's story telling hour and hopefully one or two of our younger visitors may like to dress up as their favourite book character – sounds fun!
Links to your book/s on amazon, facebook and/or your website etc and whether you would like to make any contributions to the programme i.e talks, readings, workshops etc.
Great! Hope you and your children enjoy – should be a good day.
Makes sense to hold a Book Fair in Carmarthen. I\'ll be there – am really looking forward to it. Do you have many tables left?
Author tables are booking up fast but there are still a few spaces available at present. Its great that there are so many local authors who want to get involved. Glad you think its a good idea, hope to see you there.


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Africa Zambia
Livingstone is a small historic British colonial city which is a major tourism center for the majestic Victoria Falls, close to the border of Zimbabwe, located in the Southern Province of the Republic of Zambia.
Up until 2012, Livingstone served as the capital of the Province, however, the market town Choma which is slightly north from Livingstone, took its title. This rich in culture and history town, offers adventurous and adrenaline experiences for everyone visiting it.
The name comes from the British explorer David Livingstone, who was the first European who explored the area. At 986 meters (3,235 feet) above sea level, the city was also known as the Old Drift. The town owes its existence primarily to the Victoria Falls and the establishment as a staging point across the Zambezi River.
The town was officially founded in 1905 at a safe distance from the then swampy banks of the Zambezi, so that by 1907 it would become the capital city of the former North-Western Rhodesia.
Becoming once again the capital city of Northern Rhodesia, which nowadays is known as the Republic of Zambia, it kept the title until 1935, when the capital was moved to Lusaka, which is today the official capital of Zambia. Nonetheless, Livingstone today is again a charming touristy town, which still has some of the buildings which were built in the first decade of the 20th century.
Rich in scenery and heritage, it definitely is the tourist heart of Zambia, and also the gateway to the north of the country. Offering the small town's busy charm to every visitor, it has preserved its colonial character, yet it is a typical African tourist capital of Zambia.
discover zambia
Inhaca Island
Africa, Mozambique
Livingstone Museum
Africa, Zambia
Bourguiba Mausoleum
Africa, Tunisia
Africa, Eritrea
Pointe-Noire Railway Station
Africa, Congo Republic
Hoggar Mountains
Africa, Algeria
Musée National Boubou Hama
Africa, Niger
Augrabies Falls
Africa, South Africa
Mosquée Marocaine
Africa, Mauritania
Africa, Tanzania
Maputo Special Reserve
Africa, Namibia
Marrakesh Menara Airport
Africa, Morocco
Hotel Président
Africa, Cote d'Ivoire
Abuja Stadium
Africa, Nigeria
Africa, Seychelles
Tswapong Hills
Africa, Botswana
Pythons Temple
Africa, Benin
Dômes de Fabedougou
Africa, Burkina Faso
Nyungwe Forest
Africa, Rwanda
Mount Bintumani
Africa, Sierra Leone
Amphitheater of El Jem
Africa, Burundi, Congo Democratic Republic, Tanzania, Zambia
Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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Paula Abdul has indirectly addressed recent reports that she's currently finalizing a deal with ABC to star in a new revival of television's Star Search talent competition.
"Once again, until you hear it from me, you can't believe what you read," wrote Abdul in a Tuesday morning post to her Twitter account.
The former American Idol judge was responding to Monday reports which claimed she would be joining the Star Search revival in a yet-to-be-defined role that will likely include some combination of hosting and judging.
Abdul announced last August that she was leaving American Idol and ABC reportedly offered her a $1 million development deal earlier this year with the caveat that she also had to appear on Dancing with the Stars.
However a deal never came to fruition and Dancing with the Stars' tenth-season cast was recently revealed without Abdul.


Early Sunday morning a strong earthquake struck off the coast of Alaska, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
"Many Anchorage area residents were woken up at 1:30 a.m. by a 7.1-magnitude earthquake that was reported near Pedro Bay," the Anchorage Police Department said. Authorities said they had not received any major reports of damage or injuries.
The earthquake, which knocked out power to thousands of residents, could be felt as far away as Fairbanks, roughly 350 miles from Anchorage, Alaska Dispatch News reported.
The earthquake struck about 160 miles southwest of Anchorage, according to USGS. Despite its strength, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said no tsunami threat would follow the tremors due to their depth.
Earthquakes are not atypical of the region, according to geologists. Southern Alaska sits on the Pacific-North Atlantic subduction zone plate boundary, according to USGS. In 1964, the second-largest earthquake ever reported struck southeast of the most recent earthquake's epicenter. The Great Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964 was a 9.3-magnitude quake, according to USGS.
Within 155 miles of Sunday's earthquake there have been 17 recorded quakes of magnitude 6 or higher, the strongest previously being a 7-magnitude aftershock of the Great Alaska earthquake in July 1965, according to USCG.


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Best Accredited Colleges in Oregon
Best Colleges in Oregon
Discover the best colleges in the state of Oregon. Compare programs by affordability and quality to find the best fit for you.
Best Online Colleges Best Campus Colleges
Home to more than 100 colleges and university campuses, including 17 community colleges, 22 private nonprofit universities, and eight public universities, Oregon makes higher education accessible for both in-state and out-of-state learners. In 2017, despite 37% of young adults in the state holding a bachelor's degree or higher, Oregon fell short of meeting the growing workforce demands for highly educated professionals.
In an effort to increase educational attainment throughout the state, Oregon established their "40-40-20" education goal. By 2025, the state aims to have 40% of its young adult population earn a four-year degree, 40% earn a two-year degree, and 20% earn a high school diploma or its equivalent.
To help Oregonians meet this goal and help readers find their optimal program, we've ranked the best colleges in Oregon by quality and affordability. Read on to learn more about the top Oregon schools.
Top 10 Colleges in Oregon
#1 Reed College Portland, OR
#2 University of Portland Portland, OR
#3 University of Oregon Eugene, OR
#4 Oregon State University Corvallis, OR
#5 Corban University Salem, OR
#6 Linfield College McMinnville, OR
#7 Lewis & Clark College Portland, OR
#8 Bushnell University Eugene, OR
#9 Southern Oregon University Ashland, OR
#10 George Fox University Newberg, OR
At BestColleges, we believe a college education is one of the most important investments you will make. We want to help you navigate the college selection process by offering school rankings that are transparent, inclusive, and relevant for online students.
Visit School Site
Founded in 1908, Reed College focuses almost exclusively on liberal arts education for undergraduate students. With a student-to-faculty ratio of just 10-to-1 and conference-style classes, learners at the college receive close attention and mentorship from expert faculty members.
The college offers more than 40 majors, including anthropology, comparative race and ethnic studies, linguistics, and neuroscience. Dual-degree programs also allow students to focus on subjects like engineering and environmental sciences. To earn a bachelor's, each undergraduate student at Reed must take at least one year-long humanities course and write a senior thesis.
Reed's sole master's program is a liberal arts degree, which students can shape to fit their academic and professional interests.
Admission to the college is highly selective. First-year applicants must submit high school transcripts, ACT or SAT scores, a counselor recommendation, and two teacher evaluations. Reed is committed to meeting all of the demonstrated financial need of its admitted students.
View School Profile
The University of Portland -- a Catholic university -- offers more than 40 undergraduate programs and 18 graduate programs in areas of study such as civil engineering, environmental policy, integrative health and wellness studies, and organizational communication. UP does not currently provide online access to any of its programs.
All undergraduate students, regardless of their major, take 13 courses in science, the arts, and humanities. This liberal arts core helps students develop critical-thinking skills, exposes them to new perspectives, and allows them to examine pressing questions of existence through an interdisciplinary lens. UP encourages students to participate in internships.
To apply to UP, you must have a high school diploma or GED certificate. First-year applicants must also submit ACT or SAT scores, one letter of recommendation, and a personal essay. Most graduate programs require a bachelor's degree and satisfactory GRE or GMAT scores.
As the state's flagship school, the University of Oregon serves nearly 23,000 students each year through approximately 325 degree and certificate programs in subjects like business administration, journalism, and law. While the university provides the resources of a large institution, the median class size is only 20 students.
UO is deeply committed to expanding educational opportunities. More than a third of all newly admitted students self-identify as racial or ethnic minorities, and 40% of new college students are the first in their families to attend college.
To support the needs of these learners, the university provides comprehensive advising, career, and academic support, along with a host of scholarships and financial aid programs.
Prospective undergraduate students must submit high school transcripts, ACT or SAT scores, and a personal essay. They may also elect to submit a second essay describing their personal commitment to equity and inclusion.
Operating as one of only two land-, sea-, space-, and sun-grant universities in the U.S, Oregon State prepares students for diverse careers in fields like forestry, robotics, and data analytics. After graduating, Oregon State alumni have gone on to win research awards, found companies like E-TRADE, and invent the artificial heart valve.
As an international university, Oregon State hosts more than 4,500 students from approximately 114 countries. In addition, learners can participate in more than 100 study abroad programs. The university's "International Degree" program also gives learners the opportunity to master a foreign language and write a thesis that draws on their experience abroad.
Applying to Oregon State as an undergraduate requires you to hold a high school diploma and submit ACT or SAT scores. Admitted students generally have a high school GPA of 3.0 or higher.
A Christian institution, Corban University equips students with the knowledge and skills needed to make a difference in the world. Along with programs in divinity and worship arts, students at the university can also pursue bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in subjects like biokinetics, marketing, and sports and recreation management.
Corban also offers four fully online degrees to better serve students with professional or personal obligations. Online classes are asynchronous and taught by the same faculty who lead on-campus courses. Distance education classes run for eight weeks and feature multiple start dates throughout the year.
Applying to the university as a first-year student requires submitting high school transcripts and ACT or SAT results. All students must also sign a statement of faith indicating that they have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ as their lord and savior.
McMinnville, OR
Linfield College -- a private undergraduate college with two campuses in Oregon -- combines liberal arts education with practical career training. Students at the college explore subjects like accounting, elementary education, and political science. Fully online programs serve learners interested in fields such as health administration, project management, and nursing.
Experiential and service learning play a key role at the college. More than 40% of students participate in a study abroad trip, and collaborative research projects give learners the opportunity to work closely with faculty. Career counselors also help students find internships, with Linfield providing stipends and scholarships for unpaid positions.
To apply to Linfield, you must have a high school diploma or GED certificate. While the college does not set minimum GPA requirements for admission, applicants with a high school GPA below 3.0 must also submit ACT or SAT scores. All prospective students must also write a personal essay.
At Lewis and Clark College, students enjoy a wealth of services that help position them for career success. The college offers a variety of summer internship grants that allow students to take advantage of unpaid learning and networking opportunities. Lewis & Clark even hosts a diplomat-in-residence to advise students majoring in international relations.
In addition to graduate programs in law and education, the college offers bachelor's degrees in areas of study like computer science, economics, philosophy, and world languages. Lewis & Clark also guarantees that undergraduate students can earn a bachelor's degree in eight semesters; otherwise, the college will cover the cost of a ninth term.
To apply, you must have a high school diploma or GED certificate. As a test-optional institution, Lewis & Clark lets students choose whether or not to submit ACT or SAT scores; applicants decide whether they believe their results on these exams accurately demonstrate their academic achievement and potential.
Bushnell University
Faith and service are central to the experience at Bushnell University. On top of classroom learning, all undergraduate students at the university complete some form of field experience, such as a community service project with a nonprofit or faith-based organization in nearby Eugene or an extended mission trip to a country like Cambodia, Romania, or Mexico.
On-campus undergraduate programs provide instruction in areas such as Christian ministry, computer engineering, and teacher education. For students who need to balance their studies with a full-time job or family responsibilities, Bushnell offers evening and fully online programs. Online classes start six times throughout the year.
While students who plan to learn on campus must submit ACT or SAT scores, Bushnell does not require online applicants to take these exams. All prospective undergraduate students must have a high school or GED diploma.
Each year, Southern Oregon University enrolls more than 6,200 students in 37 degree programs. Alongside on-campus offerings in subjects like healthcare administration and theater, the university hosts hybrid and fully online programs in areas such as business administration, emerging media and digital arts, and international studies.
The university's "Acc Bacc" program allows undergraduate students to earn a bachelor's degree in just three years. This accelerated program awards credit for select high school coursework and provides priority registration status. Applicants must commit to a major prior to enrolling and have a high school GPA of at least 3.4.
Undergraduate applicants generally need a GPA of 2.5 or higher. All admitted students receive automatic consideration for need- and merit-based aid, including the Raider Scholarship, which provides $4,500 in annual support to Oregon residents with a GPA of 3.85 or above.
George Fox University maintains four campuses across Oregon and serves roughly 4,000 students each year. In addition to the university's traditional undergraduate and graduate programs, George Fox offers online and accelerated bachelor's degree completion programs, with majors available in organizational leadership, elementary education, project management, and nursing.
As the oldest Christian university in the state, George Fox provides graduate-level education in areas like divinity, theological studies, and spiritual formation. Many of the university's seminary programs are also available online or in a hybrid format.
Although George Fox does not require a minimum high school GPA for admission, most incoming students have a GPA of 3.0 or above. First-year applicants must also share standardized test results; the majority of admitted students have an ACT score of 20 or higher or an SAT score of 1000 or higher.
Originally founded in 1842, Willamette University is one of the oldest universities in Oregon. The college enrolls just over 2,100 students and offers bachelor's degrees, law degrees, and a top-ranked master of business administration. More than 28,000 Willamette alumni live and work in the Pacific Northwest.
The university hosts several accelerated dual-degree programs. A "3+3" program allows students to earn both a bachelor of arts and a juris doctorate in six years. Similar accelerated programs in business and public management give learners the option to earn an undergraduate and master's degree in as little as five years.
Undergraduate applicants must submit high school transcripts and a counselor recommendation. Willamette does not require standardized test scores or recommendation letters from teachers, though prospective students can submit these materials. Each year, the university awards roughly $42M in scholarships to admitted students.
Situated in the heart of the city, Portland State University provides easy access to internship and career opportunities, arts and cultural activities, and research and service learning. Students who cannot commute to campus can benefit from the university's fully online programs in advanced crime analysis, curriculum and instruction, and global supply chain management.
PSU guarantees that all of its undergraduates will receive the support they need to earn their bachelor's degree in four years. Students who do not complete their studies on this schedule pay no tuition for any of their remaining required courses.
First-year applicants must have a high school diploma with a GPA of at least 3.0. Prospective students must also share results from the ACT or SAT, though PSU does not set minimum scores for these exams. The university's Four Years Free program provides qualifying Oregon residents with tuition-free education.
In addition to its graduate programs in education, management, and law, Concordia University hosts 15 undergraduate majors, including exercise and sport science, homeland security and emergency management, and social work. The university also offers fully online and asynchronous bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs.
All Concordia students benefit from a comprehensive set of support services. The university's writing center provides personalized feedback on essays and research papers, while peer tutors offer additional instruction in subjects like biology, math, and foreign languages. A free, online summer program also helps recent high school graduates prepare for college-level study.
To enter a bachelor's program at Concordia, you must submit high school transcripts and ACT or SAT scores. Prospective students who do not meet minimum academic requirements may need to submit a personal essay and letters of recommendation. For some online programs, professional or volunteer experience may be accepted as a substitute for prior education.
Monmouth, OR
Undergraduate programs at Western Oregon University help students build a foundation of skills and knowledge in disciplines like community health, gerontology, music, and public policy and administration. Several of the university's graduate programs, including master's tracks in teaching and organizational leadership, are also available in online and hybrid formats.
Professional advisors guide learners throughout their educational experiences. After being admitted, incoming students are matched with a dedicated professional who assists with enrollment, financial aid, assessments, and selecting a major. In addition, advisors ensure students meet specific graduation benchmarks by matching them with tutoring, counseling, and career preparation services.
Undergraduate applicants typically need a high school GPA of at least 3.0. Prospective students who do not meet this requirement may also need to submit ACT or SAT scores and a letter of recommendation from a teacher or counselor.
Multnomah University provides a liberal arts education from a biblical perspective. While the university's seminary offers degrees in applied theology and Christian leadership, students may also explore subjects like organizational psychology, health and fitness management, and global development and justice. Three bachelor's degrees and eight master's degrees can also be earned entirely online.
The university's Voices Scholarship program aims to create a more diverse and culturally competent study body. Participating students learn to lead and facilitate conversations related to racial reconciliation and cultural sensitivity. The program provides a $2,500 per year stipend that can be renewed annually.
All undergraduate applicants must have a high school diploma and a minimum 2.5 GPA. As a test-optional institution, Multnomah does not require ACT or SAT scores. However, prospective students must provide a Christian character reference from a pastor, youth minister, or spiritual mentor.
Best Community Colleges in Oregon
Top Degree Programs in Oregon
Best Online Master's in Counseling Programs Best Online Master's in Psychology Programs Best Online Master's in Computer Science Programs
Eastern Oregon University


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The heist of the season
Marc Lopez, @KaptainMarc
The ultimate comeback victory was achieved at the end of Los Medanos College baseball's first round of playoffs. LMC played their its round of CCCAA playoff baseball against Mission College in a three-game series. The series began Friday, May 3 and came to an end with a doubleheader scheduled o...
LMC is perfect for 'Last Chance U'
Jesus Cano, @Juice_Cano
Los Medanos College football is the ideal program to be featured on the Netflix series "Last Chance U." If you are unaware of the series, Netflix documents the life of a community college football program. So far, Netflix highlighted two community colleges, Eastern Mississippi and Independen...
Redemption season starts in the spring
LMC's football team is on the road to a bounce-back season. Their first stop—Spring ball. The Mustangs finished fourth place in the 2018 Pacific 7 conference with a record of 3-6, a massive downfall compared to 2017 when LMC had one of the best seasons in school history. While the season do...
Softball walks away with awards
The 2019 Los Medanos College softball season was a wild one full of confusion and rescheduling due to a number of rainouts, and despite a losing record a third-place title in their conference. The Mustangs ended their season on Wednesday, April 24th by losing a doubleheader against Mendocino. The ...
Quakes new era in shape
Hugo Calderon, @Hugothegreat09
Matias Almeyda's arrival in San Jose lifted the spirits of many fans believing that he was going to be the first step in a positive reformation for the Earthquakes, but he soon found out how big of a job he had taken on. After starting the season 4-0 and being 14-2, there was reason for the ...
Softball falls short of possible walkoff
A nail biting ending had the Mustangs full of hope from walking away with a victory in their final softball game of the season. Wednesday afternoon, the Los Medanos College softball team played its final games in the 2019 Bay Valley Conference in a double-header against Mendocino College. Coming in...
CHAMPIONS!
The Los Medanos College baseball team won its first Bay Valley Conference title in the program's 32-year history. One of the largest obstacles the team had to hurdle this season involved building successful season with a freshmen-heavy team. Only seven of the 38 players on the roster are sophomores. ...
NBA MVP race unclear
Raazhel Watkins, Staff Writer
The NBA MVP race this year is so close that there is not yet a clear winner. Earlier this year the race did include Paul George from the Oklahoma City Thunder and Stephen Curry from the Golden State Warriors, however, despite their wonderful seasons so far the race is clearly between James Harden from...
Stangs secure a spot in BVC
All Justin Roper could do was watch his team lose the lead but in the bottom of the eighth inning, before he heard his name called to the on deck circle. And he made his only at-bat of the game count. LMC (14-5) baseball found themselves down 4-1 in the eighth after a big four run inning by Yuba College...
Watkins makes All Star game
When Raazhel Watkins decided he was going to attend Los Medanos College to continue his basketball career, it was to get one last shot at making it big. Much like on the hardwood, Watkins stepped back, took that shot for a three and hit nothing but net. Watkins came to LMC with high praise, espe...
LMC needs a track and field program
Shawn Simms, Guest Columnist
LMC does not have a track and field program — and it should. Not only is running the most natural way to stay in shape, track and field is important for your health. According to Health Fitness revolution there are several outcomes that are sure to benefit you from participating in the sport. The...
LMC continues strong season
Coming back from behind to win the game has often been the situation for the Los Medanos College baseball team this season and against Solano College it was no different. Los Medanos (11-4) were down by two runs by the fourth inning against Solano (5-10) but managed to put in good quality at bat...


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Circus Elephants Cause Excitement for SD Shows
By Allie Daugherty | July 15, 2011
The 141st edition of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus has come to town, and it made quite an entrance yesterday as it paraded its eight Asian elephants from Old Town to the Valley View Casino Center.
Police officers stopped traffic early Wednesday morning along Washington Street, through Old Town and to Sports Arena Boulevard in order to allow the group of horses and elephants to pass through without harm. The animals originally arrived by train to San Diego but had to finish their journey with the two-mile trek as delighted passers-by watched the spectacle.
But not all was fun and games after the parade was finished. Animal rights activists are now urging the circus, which will be in town until Sunday, to pull one of its elephants from the show. The activists report that the U.S. Department of Agriculture cited the circus for failure to properly treat and diagnose the elephant's illness.
"Our contention is that she is not sick and never has been," Danielle Graham, the circus' director of veterinarian services, said to The Union-Tribune. "We think that it is wrong to cite us over what basically is a difference of veterinarian opinions."
In April, USDA inspectors noted Sarah, a 54-year-old Asian elephant, was suffering from a pus-like discharge when she urinated. Veterinarians for "The Greatest Show on Earth" admit that Sarah has had a chronic condition since 1997, but say it's nothing serious, according to the U-T. They are appealing the citation, which alleges the circus violated the Animal Welfare Act.
Graham said all the right steps are being taken to ensure Sarah's care and health, despite the USDA reporting otherwise.
"We do a really good job of taking care of the elephants," she said.
Sarah, who has been a circus elephant for more than three decades, will still be performing this weekend.
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Home EDUCATIONS
Why Indian Students Choose the University Of East London to Study in UK?
by Zain Liaquat
in EDUCATIONS
Why the University Of East London?
Scholarships and Bursaries for International Students
Reasons to Choose the University Of East London
Variety of Courses
World-Class Teaching and Learning Facilities
Diverse Student Body:
Progression Opportunities:
Excellent Reputation:
Modern Campus:
Vibrant Location
Affordable Tuition Fees
Quality Student Support
Quality Student Support of the University Of East London
Academic Support:
Counseling and Mental Health Support:
Financial Support:
Accommodation Support:
Careers Advice:
Student Clubs:
The University Of East London (UEL) is a public university located in east London, England. It is a leading modern university, offering a range of degree programmes in areas such as business, law, media and the arts, engineering, and science, health, and education. UEL has a reputation for excellence and innovation in teaching and research and is consistently ranked among the top universities for study in UK for graduate employability. Here are listed some reasons why Indian students choose the University Of East London to study in UK.
UEL offers a range of scholarships and bursaries for international students, including the UEL Excellence Scholarship and the UEL Global Scholarship. UEL also has a range of English language courses available, making it easier for international students to improve their English language proficiency before they start their studies.
If you are interested in studying at UEL, you will need to meet the entry requirements of your chosen degree program. You will also need to provide evidence of your English language proficiency, such as an IELTS score. You may also need to demonstrate your finances, such as by providing evidence of a bank statement or a letter of guarantee from a sponsor.
The University of East London offers a wide range of courses for international students. From undergraduate to postgraduate courses, from courses in business and finance to courses in engineering and healthcare, UEL has a course that fits your needs.
Urban Planning and Regeneration
The University of East London prides itself on providing world-class teaching and learning facilities. With its state-of-the-art library, modern lecture halls, industry-standard labs and studios and a variety of student-centered learning spaces, UEL has the perfect environment for students to learn, develop and thrive.
UEL is home to a diverse student body from over 140 countries, giving students the opportunity to gain a global perspective on their studies and make friends with people from all around the world.
UEL provides its students with a range of progression opportunities, from study abroad programs to internships and work placements. This means that students can progress from their undergraduate studies to further education, research, and a career in their chosen field.
The University of East London has an excellent reputation, both in the UK and internationally. The university is consistently ranked in the top 10 for student satisfaction in the UK, and its programs have been accredited by some of the world's leading professional bodies.
UEL's modern campus is located in the heart of East London, a vibrant and exciting area of the city. With easy access to a wide range of cultural attractions, restaurants, bars, and shops, this is a great place to live and study.
UEL is located in the vibrant and culturally diverse city of London. It is easy to access places of interest and amenities, making it a great place to live and study.
The University of East London is located in the London Borough of Newham, in the northeast corner of London. It is easily accessible from Central London and has excellent transport links to other parts of the city. The University is also close to Stratford City, one of the largest shopping and leisure destinations in the capital, and is within easy reach of Canary Wharf, the City of London, and London's West End.
UEL is well-known for its high academic standards and excellent student experience. It is also ranked highly in the QS world university rankings.
The University of East London (UEL) has a good reputation among employers and other higher education institutions. According to the National Student Survey, UEL is ranked in the top 10 for student satisfaction. It has also been awarded a silver rating in the Teaching Excellence Framework. UEL is also highly ranked for its research and has been awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education.
UEL offers competitive tuition fees and scholarships, making it an attractive option for international students.
The tuition fees for the University of East London vary depending on the course and level of study. For undergraduate programs, fees for UK and EU students range from £9,250 to £13,250 per year for full-time courses. For international students, fees range from £13,750 to £17,750 per year for full-time courses. Tuition fees for postgraduate courses range from £7,750 to £15,900 per year for full-time courses.
UEL provides a wide range of student support services that can help you throughout your studies. This includes academic advice, disability, and mental health services, and career services.
The University Of East London is committed to providing high-quality student support. It offers a range of services designed to help students succeed in their studies, such as:
The University provides a range of academic support services to help students achieve the best grades possible. This includes one-to-one tutorials, essay writing clinics, and workshops on academic writing.
The University offers a range of mental health and counseling services to support students. This includes seminars on managing stress and anxiety, one-to-one therapy sessions, and group counseling.
The University offers a range of financial support services, such as scholarships, bursaries, and emergency loans.
The University provides advice and guidance on accommodation options, including student halls and private accommodation.
The University offers a range of career advice services, including one-to-one consultations and workshops on career planning.
The University runs a range of student clubs and societies, from sports to music and art. These are a great way for students to make friends and take part in activities outside of their studies.
Overall, the University Of East London provides a comprehensive range of student support services, designed to help students succeed in their studies.
Tags: university of east londonuniversity of east london feesuniversity of east london intakeuniversity of east london rankinguniversity of east london uk
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Our knowledgeable team at Cars & Vans Direct consists of some of the best vehicle experts in the industry who are committed to finding the right one for you. Our teams are helpful, friendly and dedicated to providing you with exceptional customer service. Our large team of employees consists of several different departments including the Management Team (One of which is our main share holder, Sir Stanley Thomas OBE who is also the Chairman of Noah's Arc Childrens Hospital and NSPCC Full Stop), Procurement Team, Sales Team, Customer Services Team, Marketing Team, IT Team, Accounts Team, Training Team and HR and Facilities Team.
Cars & Vans Direct is a new company established in 2017 as a subsidiary of Vansdirect Ltd. Vansdirect was established in 1999 in South Wales and since then has grown into the No. 1 independent commercial vehicle retailer, selling 100's of vans per month and meeting the needs of 1,000s of customers every year around the UK.
Cars & Vans Direct works with many different manufacturers to bring to you the widest selection of new cars in the market place. We stock over 2,000 new cars and can deliver directly to you. We can always arrange a special order for your bespoke requirements so we'll always have whatever it is you are after. We work with prestigious finance companies to offer you the best new car finance deals. We offer Contract Hire and Car Leasing. Cars & Vans Direct specialises in giving to you the best available prices on the market. As an internet based business with low over heads we can offer brand new vans at cheap online prices.
We spend time building relationships with manufacturers to get the best deals, enabling us to pass the discount on to you. We are confident we have the best prices on the market and offer a price match promise on any make and any model that you think you have found cheaper elsewhere! As one of the largest independent vehicle retailers in the UK, our staff do not push one manufacturer; instead, we'll find the best car for you from the entire range available on the market. Buying a new cheap car has never been so simple!


Your financial support makes our work for inclusive justice in Michigan possible. Help us to support LGBTQ+ inclusion in all faith communities and to advocate for equitable treatment of all, especially sexual minorities, in local and state public policy.
Please consider generously supporting our ministry.


Murray has shown he's up for some social media banter.
While going through the rigours of rehabilitation for his injured hip, it seems Andy Murray can't help but spend much of his time away from court trying to wind up Nick Kyrgios on social media.
The Aussie recently qualified for the quarter-finals of the China Open in Beijing after seeing off Mischa Zverev in the second round in three sets.
Following his 3-6, 6-2, 6-2 win, the world no 19 took to Instagram to celebrate his victory.
Although, rather than a traditional post stating how pleased he was with his performance, Kyrgios instead decided to have a chuckle at himself, posting a photo of himself grinning with the caption: "Laughing at my shot selection."
And it was at this point that Murray decided to get involved, responding with the comment: "Yeah it is pretty funny."
A fellow Instagram user then sought to defend the Australian, promptly telling the British no 1: "Never seen you do any between the legs shots - @K1ngKyrg1os I got your back bro."
"Nick was still in nappies when I was hitting those shots."
It isn't the first time Murray has goaded his friend on social media.
Earlier this month, the world no 3 made fun of Kyrgios' dress sense, and back in August, the Scot decided to criticise the Aussie's dancing abilities.
It seems that while being out of action, the former world no 1 has at least been upping his social media game, suggesting to Nick Kyrgios at least that there's nowhere to hide from a Murray mockery.
Although all tennis fans will love seeing Murray have a bit of banter on social media, they'll be hoping he returns to the court as soon as possible.


Australia's employer-employee superannuation, better known as the Superannuation Guarantee Levy system, could be simplified with little effort.
All it needs is the introduction of a National Superannuation Number (NSN) system and a Federal central collection agency through which contributions can be channelled.
The idea is to allow existing superannuation funds to be able to collect on behalf of other funds, and for these contributions to be forwarded to the central collection agency by quoting the NSN number.
Employees will be guaranteed freedom of choice and the employer needs to make only one payment on behalf of employees.
The distribution of the contributions will be handled by the employer fund in conjunction with the central collection agency.
If required, the employer can also make the payment directly to the central collection agency.
The key to this all will be the employees' National Superannuation Numbers.
Under this system superannuation funds can concentrate on competitive marketing and employees will be able to get financial planning advice.
The system will stop the increase in lost member funds, where fund managers do not have the correct address for past employees.
The present $6.8 billion in lost member funds can gradually be allocated to the rightful owners on proof of identity.
Fund managers will need a collective approach on how best to implement the scheme.
The cost of establishing a central collection authority and the NSN system by the Federal Government could be recouped from the surcharge on superannuation of higher income earners.


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Browse "Mountains"
The Blue Mountains (Montagnes Bleues) is a 240 km long group of high hills along the Canada and United States border in the Eastern Townships.
Cariboo Mountains
The Cariboo Mountains is the most northern range making up the Columbia Mountains.
Cascade Mountains, BC, are the north end of largely volcanic mountain ranges extending to California, 180-260 km east of the Pacific Ocean. There are no active volcanoes in BC like the US Cascades' Mount St Helens and others.
Cassiar Mountains
The Cassiar Mountains extend from the Yukon Territory 440 km southeast to the confluence of the Finlay and Fox rivers in north-central BC. Cassiar is thought to derive from KASKA, the name of a native group whose traditional territory lies in the mountains.
Coast Mountains
The Coast Mountains are a continuous mountain chain extending from the Fraser Lowlands near Vancouver, 1,600 km north into the Yukon.
Columbia Mountains
Columbia Mountains are a block of mountains 608 km long and 256 km wide that dominate the landscape of southeastern BC.
A cordillera is a major system of often parallel mountain ranges that includes the intervening plateaus, valleys and plains.
Ranching became important in the area after the Canadian Pacific Railway arrived at MAPLE CREEK in 1883. Beginning in 1906, part of the Cypress Hills was protected as a federal forest reserve. RESOURCE RIGHTS were transferred to the provinces in 1930.
Fairweather Mountain
Fairweather Mountain, elevation 4663 m, is located at the southern end of the St Elias Range, on the BC-Alaska border, where a segment of the BC border juts southwest, nearly cutting off the Alaska Panhandle.
Foothills, a region of rolling, undulating or hilly terrain lying between an area of plains and a mountain range.
Golden Hinde
Golden Hinde, elevation 2200 m, is the highest mountain on Vancouver Island.
Kluane Ranges
Spruce forest is common below about 1200 m elevation, but the upper slopes of the ranges are treeless. The area supports an abundance of wildlife, including grizzly and BLACK BEAR, timber wolf, Dall sheep, mountain goat, caribou and moose.
Labrador Highlands
Formed of ancient Precambrian rocks and heavily glaciated during the Quaternary (1.65 million to 10 000 years ago), the mountains support more than 70 small glaciers, the southernmost in eastern North America.
Laurentian Highlands
Although the other limits are less well defined, the highlands may be considered to extend 100-200 km northward from the scarps and to stretch from the Gatineau River in the west (mean elevation 400 m) some 550 km to the SAGUENAY RIVER in the northeast.
Long Range Mountains
The range, generally steep on the coastal side and scarred by deep glaciation and faulting, reaches highland plateaus and flat-topped peaks before sloping away more gently to the east. In places deep fjords and bays cut into its base, and rivers, such as the HUMBER RIVER, flow through its valleys.
Mackenzie Mountains
Named after Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie, they are a northern continuation, 800 km long, of the eastern system of the Rocky Mountains, composed almost entirely of folded sedimentary strata.
Monashee Mountains
Monashee Mountains are a 400-km-long range of varied origin in southern BC. To the W they merge with the Okanagan and Shuswap highlands; their eastern boundary is the S-flowing COLUMBIA RIVER. The highest point in the range is 3375 m.
Mont Sainte-Anne
Internationally known for its SKIING facilities, 7 World Cup races have been held there since 1969. The area is superbly equipped; downhill skiers and snowboarders enjoy 51 runs totalling 60 km (15 km are illuminated for night skiing).
Mont Tremblant
Mont Tremblant, Québec, 968 m, is located 140 km north of Montréal.
Mount Assiniboine
Mount Assiniboine, elevation 3618 m, the highest mountain between the Trans-Canada Highway and the US border in the Rocky Mts, is often called "The Matterhorn of the Canadian Rockies."


Canadians who use and rely on closed captioning to watch English-language television programming should have access to the highest possible quality of closed captioning in live programming.
Broadcasters are required to abide by established quality standards when providing closed captioned programming. One of these standards relates to the captioning accuracy rate for live programming.
In Broadcasting Notice of Consultation 2015-325 (the Notice), the Commission called for comments on the effectiveness, measurability and achievability of the English-language closed captioning quality standard related to the accuracy rate for live programming.
Following the call for comments, a group of broadcasters voluntarily formed a working group (the 2016 Working Group) with representatives from an advocacy group for captioning users, closed captioning providers and the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology to look into the issues raised in the Notice. The 2016 Working Group submitted a proposal for a trial to develop and test an alternative method to measure the captioning accuracy, with a view to improving the quality. The working group requested that the Commission temporarily suspend the requirement that broadcasters reach a given captioning accuracy rate for live programming during the trial.
As a result of this constructive and collaborative initiative, the Commission will suspend the requirement that broadcasters achieve a captioning accuracy rate of at least 95% for live programming until 31 August 2019 to allow the 2016 Working Group to conduct a trial of the alternative method of measuring captioning accuracy. During the suspension, all programming will continue to be captioned and the methods used to provide captioning will not change. All other quality standards continue to be in effect. Further, the Commission still expects broadcasters to meet the quality standard related to the accuracy rate for live English-language programming during the trial period.
The revised English-language closed captioning quality standards are set out in the appendix to this regulatory policy.
The Commission expects the 2016 Working Group to submit a final proposal for a new accuracy rate and measurement model for live programming by 2 November 2018. The proposal must include sufficient detail to readily operationalize the standard and must demonstrate how it meets the needs of users. Following the receipt of this proposal, the Commission will hold a public consultation on the accuracy rate for live English-language programming in light of the 2016 Working Group's proposed model.
The collaborative efforts of the 2016 Working Group will help further the objective of ensuring that all Canadians are able to equitably access live English-language television programming.
The French-language closed captioning framework is distinct and remains unchanged.
In Broadcasting Notice of Consultation 2015-325 (the Notice), the Commission called for comments on a targeted review of the English-language closed captioning quality standard related to the accuracy rate for live programming.
Closed captioningFootnote 1 enables persons who are deaf or hard of hearing to have full access to television. It is also useful for people learning to read or speak a second language, and can allow people to enjoy television programming in restaurants, gyms and other locations where the volume is often muted.
Broadcasters must abide by the English-language closed captioning quality standards, which are set out in the appendix to Broadcasting Regulatory Policy 2012-362. The quality standards set out, among other things, what accuracy rates are to be achieved for pre-recorded as well as live programming, how accuracy is to be monitored and reported on, and what format closed captioning is to take.
*For the purpose of this standard, an error includes word substitutions, word omission, and word insertion.
The quality standards are incorporated by reference into the standard conditions of licence for private broadcasters as well as into the conditions of licence for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). This is intended to further the policy objective set out in section 3(1)(p) of the Broadcasting Act (the Act), which states that programming accessible by disabled persons should be provided within the Canadian broadcasting system as resources become available for the purpose.
In October 2014, broadcasters filed, in accordance with quality standard #4, the first biennial reports describing their efforts to improve accuracy rates. One of the reports was filed by the English Broadcasters Group (EBG), an industry group consisting of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters' (CAB) English membership and the CBC (the CAB-CBC Report). In the report, the EBG stated that, despite the broadcasters' best efforts, the accuracy rate set out in quality standard #3 had proven to be unachievable. It also reported that many types of live English-language programming scored well under the required 95% verbatim accuracy rate. Similar concerns were raised by other broadcasters.
Shortly after the Notice was issued, the EBG voluntarily established a working group (the 2016 Working Group) to respond to the issues raised in the Notice. The 2016 Working Group consists of representatives from broadcasters as well as representatives from Media Access Canada, the Canadian Association of the Deaf, the Canadian Hard of Hearing Association, and the Canadian Hearing Society (collectively, the Captioning Consumer Advocacy Alliance [CCAA]); National Captioning Canada (NCC) and Closed Caption Services (CCS) (closed captioning providers); and the Northern Alberta Institute of TechnologyFootnote 2 (NAIT). A Commission staff member attended the meetings as an invited observer.
The 2016 Working Group developed a proposal that, in their view, would improve the quality of live, English-language captioning in Canada and submitted it as part of the record for this proceeding. The group proposed to develop a modified version of the NER ModelFootnote 3 to evaluate the accuracy of captioning.
N: Total number of words, including punctuation.
E: 'Edition' errors, where a difference arises from a choice made by the captioner to paraphrase the verbatim speech.
R: 'Recognition' errors, where the captioner, or the software used by the captioner, delivers a caption word that is wrong, misspelled or garbled.
The 2016 Working Group acknowledged that, for this evaluation method to be consistent and effective, it will require expert, trained and unbiased evaluators who are able to categorize errors based on the severity of the loss of information to the viewer.
The Commission should suspend the requirement set out in quality standard #3 for two years. During the two-year period the 95% verbatim accuracy rate for live programming would become an expectation.
Broadcasters would continue to monitor and report on their activities, as required by the current standards. This would include measuring captioning accuracy of ten-minute segments for two live programs per month from several program genres, using both the current method and the proposed NER Model. However, monitoring and reporting obligations would also become expectations.
Broadcasters would ensure the certification of all persons asked to perform the NER monitoring function.
Broadcasters would commit to a two-year trial of the NER Model for measuring captioning accuracy for English-language live programming.
The 2016 Working Group would continue to meet quarterly during the two-year trial with the first meeting taking place no later than 30 days following the Commission's decision.
Broadcasters would regularly publish the results (every six months) of the trial so that others may assess the results and provide feedback.
Broadcasters would develop a public awareness strategy that includes creating and disseminating materials to inform caption users of how captioning is performed, the various issues involved, and how captioners solve problems to help provide Canadians with assurances that their needs are being addressed, using video as appropriate.
The CCAA would undertake consumer research.
The Commission received 29 interventions in response to the call for comments. The public record for this proceeding can be found on the Commission's website at www.crtc.gc.ca.
The Commission must first consider whether the existing standard is measurable, effective and achievable, and if not, it must determine whether the proposal submitted by the 2016 Working Group represents an appropriate way forward.
Several individuals submitted that closed captioning of high quality is very important to Canadians who are deaf or hard of hearing. One captioning user stated: "If I can make it through a full 30-minute newscast without thinking I missed a single point or purpose of any story, then that captioner has done their job correctly."
In the biennial reports as well as in their interventions for this proceeding, broadcasters submitted that they have been unable to consistently reach the accuracy rate set out in quality standard #3, despite best efforts and significant investments. In this respect, broadcasters submitted that considerable preparation goes into the captioning of any individual live program, including the provision of certain materials to captioners. For example, "station sheets," which inform the captioner about such items as the preferred placement of captions for each element of the program and the program structure, are provided to the captioner prior to the airing of the program.
Broadcasters submitted that the current standard is not effective and is not achievable. Further, no party argued that the current standard was effective or achievable.
The Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) stated that it generally supports the discussions of the 2016 Working Group and the proposed examination of the NER Model, but expressed an interest in obtaining more information as it becomes available.
Some captioning users and members of the closed captioning industry expressed their support for the proposal submitted by the 2016 Working Group.
The Commission recognizes the importance of closed captioning to Canadians who are deaf or hard of hearing. For individuals who rely on captioning, poorly captioned programming is almost equivalent to uncaptioned programming: when captioning cannot be comprehended, the programming it accompanies becomes inaccessible. Recognition of the importance of closed captioning is what led to the adoption of quality standards. Based on the information provided in the biennial reports and in the interventions, the Commission is satisfied that broadcasters have made reasonable efforts to comply with quality standard #3 and considers that while the current standard is measurable, it is, in general, neither sufficiently effective nor achievable.
The 2016 Working Group submitted a proposal to the Commission to develop a modified method of calculating the accuracy of live English-language closed captioning which meets the needs that have been identified by the users of live English-language closed captioning. The Commission is satisfied that the CCAA, closed captioning providers and NAIT are equal partners in the 2016 Working Group and have been fully engaged.
The Commission considers that the 2016 Working Group has submitted a detailed explanation of the accuracy model that will be studied, trialed and modified for use in the Canadian broadcasting context, as well as detailed timelines and plans to release information regarding progress to the public.
As part of its proposal, the 2016 Working Group called for the temporary suspension of the requirement that broadcasters adhere to the accuracy rate for live programming set out in quality standard #3 as well as the reporting and monitoring requirements set out in quality standard #4. It proposed that these requirements be converted into expectations during the two-year trial period.
All 2016 Working Group members, including captioning users as represented by the CCAA, supported the suspension.
In its intervention, PIAC opposed the suspension of the accuracy rate requirement, but argued that, if it were to be suspended, the 2016 Working Group should propose an alternative standard for the duration of any trial to ensure that Canadians continue to be served by captions which can be measured to an existing standard.
Suspending the requirement set out in quality standard #3 will allow the 2016 Working Group to direct its efforts to finding a permanent solution that is a viable alternative that serves the needs of captioning users rather than working out a temporary one. Furthermore, during the suspension, all programming will continue to be captioned and the methods used to provide captioning will not change.
The Commission does not consider it necessary to convert the monitoring and reporting requirements set out in quality standard #4 into expectations while the 2016 Working Group conducts the trial. By replacing the requirement in quality standard #3 with an expectation and maintaining the requirements set out in the other quality standards, including the monitoring and reporting requirement set out in quality standard #4, the 2016 Working Group will nonetheless be able to move forward with its proposal in a manner that is consistent with the policy objective set out in section 3(1)(p) of the Act.
Accordingly, the Commission temporarily suspends the requirement set out in quality standard #3 until 31 August 2019. During the suspension period, the Commission still expects all English-language broadcasters to continue to work towards achieving an accuracy rate of at least 95% averaged over a given live program, as measured by the calculation method set out in quality standard #3.
The quality standards, including an amended quality standard #3,Footnote 4 are set out in the appendix to this regulatory policy and replace the mandatory standards originally set out in Broadcasting Regulatory Policy 2012-362.
The Commission also expects all English-language broadcasters to maintain the same level of resources and support for the closed captioning of live programming that was provided prior to the suspension.
In setting a timeframe for the suspension period, the Commission took into consideration the complexity of the task. It is the Commission's view that the 2016 Working Group will need the requested two years to research, evaluate and modify the NER Model to reflect the Canadian context. As well, the timeframe for the suspension takes into account the additional time the Commission will need to initiate a public consultation on whether a new standard would be appropriate in light of the 2016 Working Group's findings.
For English-language programming, live captioning is generally done by trained stenographers. This is in contrast to the voice-recognition technology used by other jurisdictions that have adopted the NER Model.
There is a greater degree of subjectivity in the calculation used in the NER Model in contrast to the current verbatim model, given that in the NER Model, captioners are permitted to paraphrase in some circumstances and evaluators are required to categorize different types of errors and judge the effect the errors would have on a viewer's experience. The 2016 Working Group recognizes that using the NER Model will require careful collaboration from all interested groups to ensure that evaluation of accuracy truly reflects the Canadian viewer experience.
The 2016 Working Group acknowledged that using the NER Model system requires expert, trained and unbiased evaluators if it is to be consistent and effective. The broadcasters committed to ensuring the certification of all persons asked to perform the monitoring function.
The 2016 Working Group's proposal also committed to having broadcasters measure both NER and verbatim accuracy for ten-minute segments of two programs for several program genres.
NCC and NAIT argued that word-per-minute calculations should be included in any new formula calculating captioning quality. NCC and NAIT submitted that stenographers are able to caption up to 280 words per minute verbatim, which is a higher word-per-minute rate than is generally achievable using voice-recognition technology.
SOVO Technologies, a French-language captioning company, was of the view that the NER Model may not be "discriminative enough" in its current form, making it very difficult to distinguish between great, good and bad captions.
Multiple interveners submitted that, generally, while verbatim captioning should always be the ultimate goal, a degree of paraphrasing that accurately conveys the meaning of the on-screen content could be appropriate.
The Commission considers that the 2016 Working Group has the necessary participation, including that of NCC and NAIT, and understanding of the issues to ensure that a modified version of the NER Model will reflect the nature of English-language live closed captioning in Canada.
After the trial and once the 2016 Working Group has submitted a proposed model, the Commission will hold a public consultation. Interested persons will therefore have an opportunity to evaluate and comment on any new model to measure captioning accuracy.
In addition to the existing monitoring and reporting requirements set out in quality standard #4, the Commission expects Bell Media Inc. (Bell), Corus Entertainment Inc. (Corus), Rogers Media Inc. (Rogers), and the CBCFootnote 5 to measure both NER and verbatim accuracy for ten-minute segments of two programs from several program genres for the duration of the trial, which will provide essential data for the assessment.
The Commission expects Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to ensure that all persons performing the NER measurements are properly trained and qualified.
The 2016 Working Group committed to meet quarterly over the two years of the trial with its first meeting occurring no later than 30 days following the publication of this regulatory policy. In light of the current Commission proceedings in which many parties may be involved, The Commission expects Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to ensure that the 2016 Working Group meets quarterly during the two-year trial with its first meeting taking place no later than 31 January 2017.
The Commission requires Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to continue participating in the 2016 Working Group, at least to the same extent and in the same manner as they have been throughout the proceeding leading to this regulatory policy. If the Commission becomes aware that any of these broadcasters has ceased collaborating with the 2016 Working Group as required, it will consider appropriate next steps, which could include revisiting the suspension of quality standard #3.
To ensure that the working group has the necessary resources during the trial period, the Commission expects Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to continue supporting the 2016 Working Group in a manner and to a level similar to what they do currently.
The Commission encourages the CCAA, captioning providers and NAIT to continue to actively participate in the 2016 Working Group. It also encourages the CCAA to fulfill its commitment to conduct consumer research that will help the 2016 Working Group get a better understanding of captioning users' needs.
A Commission staff representative will continue to observe the work of the 2016 Working Group, on an as-needed basis.
The 2016 Working Group's proposal included a commitment to create a public awareness strategy regarding how captioning is performed. The 2016 Working Group stated that the goal of this public awareness effort is to provide Canadians with assurances that their needs are being addressed.
The Commission therefore expects Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to create a public awareness strategy using different types of media, such as video, where appropriate, and disseminate materials that will inform caption users of how captioning is performed, the various issues involved and how captioners solve problems.
The Commission expects Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to consult CCAA and other relevant stakeholders (such as captioning providers and NAIT) during the development of communications materials.
The Commission expects Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to make the results of the trial public every six months. At the end of the first year, in addition to reporting on the results, the report should include an accounting of the work that was achieved by the 2016 Working Group up to that point, as well as set out what it expects to accomplish in year two of the trial.
The Commission expects Bell, Corus, Rogers and the CBC to submit the final findings of the 2016 Working Group, including a proposal agreed upon by all participants defining a revised, detailed and operational accuracy measurement model that meets the needs of users, for the Commission's consideration, by no later than 2 November 2018.
As noted above, following the receipt of this proposal, the Commission will hold a public consultation on the appropriateness of quality standard #3 in light of the 2016 Working Group's findings.
The Centre québecois pour la déficience auditive, a French-language closed captioning user group, provided examples of issues encountered with French-language closed captioning in its intervention. The Commission has also received several complaints from closed captioning users with respect to closed captioning by French-language broadcasters. The Commission considers that the oral public hearing announced in Broadcasting Notice of Consultation 2016-225 to renew the broadcasting licences held by the large English- and French-language ownership groups is the appropriate forum to discuss issues related to French-language closed captioning and to determine whether any further actions are necessary.
The Commission recognizes that the work achieved to date is the result of the engagement and equal participation of Bell, Corus, Rogers, CBC, CCAA, NCC, CCS and NAIT in the 2016 Working Group.
The Commission commends the members of the 2016 Working Group for their collaborative work to improve the experience for Canadians who rely on closed captioning to access Canadian television programming.
The mandatory standards below replace those set out in Quality Standards for English-language closed captioning, Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2012-362, 5 July 2012.
Conflict between captions and on-screen information: If, despite the broadcaster's efforts, it is impossible to present captions without obstructing other graphic elements on screen (e.g. sports scores, weather data, breaking news), captions take precedence.
For the purpose of this standard, "appropriate presentation rate" is defined as 120-130 words per minute for children's programming.
Pop-on captions are to be used for all new Canadian pre-recorded programming. Pre-recorded programs are those that have been delivered in their entirety—lacking only the closed captioning information—96 hours before they are to be broadcast.
Closed captioning is the on-screen textual representation of the audio component of a program. For live programming, it is usually presented as a banner and provides a text rendition of the on-screen dialog and may include text renditions of sound effects and non-speech information such as the identity of speakers and their manner of speaking.
NAIT offers a captioning program.
The NER Model was created by a team from the University of Roehampton in the United Kingdom and was designed to measure the accuracy of live captioning using the re-speaking method. The re-speaking method uses a middle person to repeat what is said on the program so that the voice recognition software can translate speech into text. In Canada, live English-language closed captioning is generally provided by highly trained stenographers.
Only quality standard #3 has been amended, all other quality standards remain the same.
The broadcasters listed above are the largest members of the EBG and are members of the 2016 Working Group. Shaw Media Inc. is not listed in light of the corporate reorganization and transfer of shares to Corus, which was approved by the Commission in Broadcasting Decision 2016-110.


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Lim Center
Admissions, Tuition & Financial Aid
B.S. in Public Health
Menu — Public Health, B.S.
Public health professionals serve in many vital roles in the growing arena of health and wellness. These professionals evaluate and reduce occupational and environmental health risks. They craft government policies. They contribute to hospital policies and procedures. They track and prevent the spread of diseases. They create educational programs to encourage optimal nutrition, exercise and wellness. In short, wherever they serve, it's the responsibility of public health professionals to promote and care for the well-being of individuals and communities. In Biola's public health major, you will gain the broad academic training, research experience and practical skills needed to thrive in this highly in-demand field. Whether you plan to pursue graduate school or move directly into a career, a public health degree from Biola offers you the flexibility to pursue a wide range of opportunities.
Why Choose Public Health at Biola?
Biola's public health program offers several key advantages:
With its solid foundation in kinesiology and health science and data-driven research, the public health major gives you a comprehensive education that prepares you for some of the most in-demand careers in the arena of health and wellness.
Small class sizes offer you direct access to professors with real-world experience and expertise across many different fields, including public health, biology, chemistry and kinesiology.
The public health major is taught from a Christian perspective, equipping you to be a skilled professional who cares for the holistic well-being of individuals and communities.
Biola's Lim Center is a premier facility for science and health students, filled with research labs, cutting-edge equipment and specialized spaces for studying anatomy and physiology, environmental and analytical chemistry, molecular biology and health care.
Biola's Office of Health Professions Advising (BOHPA) serves as a valuable resource to connect you to internships, networking and career opportunities.
A required practicum and capstone project will allow you to gain valuable hands-on work experience, dive into research and create a tangible report to present to prospective employers.
The public health major offers a broad education across several academic disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics and kinesiology. The program also incorporates research and quantitative analysis, providing a helpful background for understanding and developing public health policies. Course topics and learning highlights include:
Principles of cellular and molecular biology, genetics and human development
Study of microbial organisms, emphasizing bacteria and viruses
Basic structure and function of the human body
American health care systems, epidemiology, public health policy, and occupational and environmental health
Nutrition, physical fitness, stress management, substance abuse, sexuality, social and behavioral theoretical/applied modeling and other public health issues
Laboratory techniques used in research and industry, including scanning electron microscopy, histology, DNA analysis, analytical chemistry, clinical and applied physiological assessment, biological sampling and processing techniques
Department of Kinesiology and Health Science (KHS)
Total program credits include a combination of major/concentration, Bible/theology and general education credits.
WSCUC
The public health major equips you for a wide range of careers related to health promotion and education, health care policy, health care administration, occupational health monitoring and public health risk assessment. The program also provides you with strong preparation and prerequisite coursework for graduate studies in Master of Public Health and Doctor of Public Health degree programs. Career paths include:
Public health inspector
Public health specialist
Rural health specialist
Occupational health specialist
Environmental health specialist
Public health officer (military/law enforcement)
Industrial waste director
Director of industrial hygiene
Water quality/treatment investigator
Roles at such organizations as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), public health departments and other governmental and nonprofit agencies
B.S. in Communication Sciences and Disorders
B.S. in Health Sciences
B.S. in Kinesiology
B.S. in Nursing
Minor in Biological Science
Minor in Kinesiology and Health Science