text:
Persistent Enlightenment
Notes on the Enlightenment as Historical Period and Continuing Project
← Horkheimer, Adorno, and the Los Angeles Times: A Report on Exilforschung in the Age of Digital Accessibility
"The True Manuscript in a Bottle" — or, How I Found Theodor Adorno's "Lost" Translation of the Philosophie der neuen Musik →
Cassirer on Enlightenment in the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences – Part III: Into the Archive
Posted on March 18, 2015	by James Schmidt
Last week was spring break at my university and, breaking with my usual custom of trying to find a warm climate in which to do research, I decided to stay home and make some headway on the pile of overdue articles and reviews that have been accumulating. I did, however, book one trip to the past (which, I hear, is a different country where they do things differently) and managed to spend several hours in the Dwight Macdonald papers at Yale University. My hope was to try to see if I could find out more about Macdonald's November 1940 meeting with Theodor Adorno — the focus of a conference paper that I hope, at some point to turn into an article. There turned out to be quite a bit of material that helped to flesh out the antagonisms that were developing within the editorial board of Partisan Review at around the time that Macdonald informed Adorno that he would be willing to publish whatever Adorno could give him. Nothing resulted from the meeting and Adorno, in keeping with the Institute's policy of keeping a low profile, demurred and headed off to Los Angeles to write Dialectic of Enlightenment. I'd hoped that I might be able to find out who accompanied Macdonald to the meeting (Adorno's letter to Horkheimer reporting on the meeting mentions that Macdonald was accompanied by an "associate" but does not give his name), but — as it turned out — there were no smoking guns to be found.1
There were a couple of hours left between the close of Manuscripts and Archives (which houses the Macdonald papers) and the departure of the train that would take me back to the land of the bean and the cod. Because Yale libraries have different closing times, I was able to pay a brief visit to the Beinecke, which houses Ernst Cassirer's papers and, during my time there, I was able to examine the holograph of his article on the Enlightenment for the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, a text that I've discussed in two earlier posts.2 As I mentioned in the first of those posts, Hampshire College holds the papers for the Encyclopedia itself, including some of the correspondence files with authors. But the likelihood of learning much about Cassirer's article has been diminished by a lacuna in the files that included correspondence with anyone whose last name begins with C. So, at least until I have some time to spend some time in the lovely Pioneer Valley (is this a great job or what?), the Yale holograph looked like my best chance to learn something more about this odd little text.
As was the case with the Macdonald papers, there were no earth-shattering discoveries here (e.g., no marginalia denouncing Heidegger as a "bootlicking Nazi swine"), but a cursory reading of the scans that I made during my frantic hour or so in the archive did help to narrow down the when the manuscript was written and also contained one surprise about Cassirer's familiarity with the literature on the Enlightenment.
Regarding the Manuscript
Readers with long memories for arcane facts will recall that my interest in the article stems from the fact that it was completed not only prior to the publication of Cassirer's Philosophy of the Enlightenment, but also — as far as I could determine — prior to the summer that he spent in Paris doing research on the Enlightenment in the Bibliothèque Nationale. This means that his article in the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences was not a précis of the book that he would publish in 1933 on the Enlightenment, but instead was written prior to immersion in French texts from the period. In the second of my two posts, I argued that the relatively early date of composition was reflected in the contrasting treatment of the philosophes in the two works: in contrast to Philosophy of the Enlightenment, French thinkers are noticeably absent from the Encyclopedia article. The Enlightenment presented in the Encyclopedia is largely an English and German affair and it appears to have taken place chiefly in the 17th and early 18th century. The Enlightenment that appears in the Philosophy of the Enlightenment is a Franco-German venture, though the English and Dutch play significant roles as well.
Ernst Cassirer Papers, Beinecke Library, Yale University, GEN MSS 98, Box 37, Folder 706
The manuscript in the Beinecke appears to have been Cassirer's final draft, submitted to the editors for translation, copy-editing, and typesetting and then returned to him when they were finished with it (the volume itself appeared in the fall). There are a few minor corrections in the text itself, presumably made before Cassirer sent the text off, and they — like the rest of the manuscript are written in Cassirer's clear and legible handwriting (here, clearly, is a world we have lost: my handwriting looks like the scrawls of a child, minus the charm). This appears to be the only copy of the work among the Cassirer papers. We can assume that he reviewed the copyedited version and, perhaps, corrected the final proofs. One hopes that he was compensated for his labors with a copy of the Encyclopedia itself, but this is the only copy of the text that is preserved in his papers. It is not unique in that regard. Box 37 also contains holographs of a number of his more famous articles. It would appear that the copies of his writings that he preserved were the ones that were written in his own hand.
An cursory comparison of the German holograph and the English text indicates that there were some changes made in the text during the editing process. Cassirer's manuscript provided topic headers for the different sections of the article, a practice that the Encyclopedia adopted in certain of its longer articles, but did not follow here. The introductory section of the text also appears to have been pared down a bit. It is possible that other cuts were made, but — since I have other things that need to be done — I'm not inclined to do the work necessary to find out. But a causal reading didn't turn up any significant changes: the editors seem to have been satisfied with what they got.
The Date of its Composition
I was able to shed some light on my chief concern — the date of the composition of the manuscript — even before looking at the manuscript. Cassirer kept the envelope that was used to return the manuscript to him and that envelope was preserved by the archivists who processed his papers after his death. The envelope, which was sent from the Encyclopedia's office in Fayerweather Hall at Columbia University, was postmarked "July 3, 1931" and mailed to Cassirer at the "Chalet Palü" in the Alpine resort of Pontresina, Switzerland, where it would appear the Cassirers were — as they said in a more leisurely age — "summering."3
While the envelope tells us when the editors returned Cassirer's manuscript to him, it still leaves us in the dark as to when he sent it off to them. It seems reasonable, though, to conjecture that — since it would have to have been translated into English prior to copy-editing — it is unlikely that Cassirer could have sent it off to New York any later than May or June of 1931. Of course, there's nothing to rule out his having submitted the article considerably earlier than this; my main interest here is to clarify what was the latest possible date that he could have written the article. So, even we assume the latest possible submission of the article (and the quickest possible processing of it) this much is certain: Cassirer could only have written the article prior to beginning his work in the Bibliothèque Nationale.
Bibliographical Matters
There was one significant surprise in Cassirer's text: he was responsible for the bibliography that appears in the printed edition. I'd assumed that it must have been prepared by the editors since it contains a book that I found it unlikely he would have known: John Grier Hibben's The Philosophy of the Enlightenment (New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1910).
Hibben's book has intrigued me for some time: it was the first book on the period published in English to include the term "the Enlightenment" in its title and, more generally, the first book in English to treat "the Enlightenment" as something worthy of serious study. Up until that point, English commentators had, for the most part, been content to make unpleasant noises about something called "the Illumination."
Hibben was a member of the philosophy faculty at Princeton at the time that he wrote the book (he later succeeded Woodrow Wilson as President of the university). He had spent some time studying in Germany and his book was Hegelian in its approach. (So, in a sense was Cassirer's, though it wore its Hegelianism somewhat less conspicuously). Since it seemed unlikely that Cassirer would have been familiar with an English language study of the Enlightenment by a not particularly famous American philosopher, I assumed that the bibliography for his article was cobbled together by the editors of the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, perhaps with some input from Cassirer regarding German sources. That supposition was reinforced by the presence of a number of other English texts in the bibliography.4 But it is clear from the holograph that it was Cassirer who compiled the bibliography, which means that the author of Die Philosophie der Aufklärung was acquainted with The Philosophy of the Enlightenment.
While it would have been hard for Cassirer not to be aware of the similarity between the title for the book he went on to write and the title of the book Hibben had already written, we should be cautious about making too much of this. For, while Cassirer initially signed a contract to deliver a book entitled Die Philosophie der Aufklärung, once he began work on it, he began to have second thoughts. As Gerald Harung notes in his helpful introduction to the 1998 reprint of the German text, Cassirer informed the philosopher Fritz Medicus (the editor of the series in which the book would appear) that the proposed title did not quite match up with what he found himself writing, which "was concerned not so much with the evolution of individual philosophical systems as with the general movement of ideas." As an alternative, he proposed that the book appear as Ideengeschichte der Aufklärungszeit [History of Ideas of the Age of Enlightenment]. But he left the decision about the title up to the publisher Paul Siebeck who, in the interest of maintaining consistency in the titles of books in the series, opted to remain with the contracted title.5
For a general discussion of the relationship of members of the Institute for Social Research with the "New York Intellectuals," see Thomas Wheatland, The Frankfurt School in Exile (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009). ↩
The manuscript can be found in the Ernst Cassirer Papers, Beinecke Library, Yale University, GEN MSS 98, Box 37, Folder 706. For my earlier posts discussing the text and its origins, see Part 1 and Part 2.↩
Something called the Chalet Palü still exists in Pontresina. The one Kant scholar I know who is also a skier informs me that the chalet was likely named after Piz Palü, a 12,800 foot Alpione peak in the Bernina Range, between Switzerland and Italy. The Wikipedia informs me that the name "Palü" derives from the Latin palus, or "swamp", which means that the mountain takes its name from the Alpe Palü, a high pasture 4 km to its east (and, I suppose, yet another place to "research"). My informant also notes that the town of Pontresina (or Puntraschigna, depending on who is occupying the territory at the moment) is "(allegedly) a corruption of Pons Sarasina, referring to the Saracen invasion of the tenth century). Some people know a lot of stuff. It's good to know them. ↩
In addition to Hibben, the bibliography contains a number of other English texts, including W. E. H. Lecky's two-volume History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Nationalism in Europe (1910), Kingsley Martin, French Liberal Thought in the Eighteenth Century (1929), Leslie Stephen, History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (1902). ↩
Ernst Cassirer, Die Philosophie der Aufklärung, Philosophische Bibliothek ; Bd. 513 (Hamburg: F. Meiner Verlag, 1998) x*. ↩
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A Postscript to "What Was Theodor Adorno Doing in Thomas Mann's Garden"
The Source List for the 1790 Table of Usages of the Term "Aufklärung"
The Word "Enlightenment": A German Table of Usages from 1790
The Making and the Marketing of the Philosophische Fragmente (Part II)
The Making and the Marketing of the Philosophische Fragmente: A Note on the Early History of the Dialectic of Enlightenment (Part I)
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Via Airlines will begin offering flights from Jackson-Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport to Orlando Sanford International Airport beginning June 11.
The Jackson-Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport will now offer flights to Orlando.
The airport will offer service through Via Airlines from Jackson to Orlando Sanford International Airport beginning June 11.
One-way tickets will be $99 and about $200 for a round-trip ticket, said Liston Sage, marketing and air service development coordinator for the Jackson Municipal Airport Authority.
Tickets can be booked today, he said.
Via Airlines departure times to Orlando will be 9:03 a.m. Monday, Thursday, Friday and Sunday. The return flight will leave Orlando at 7:30 a.m. and be in Jackson by 8:30 a.m., Sage said.
"Being able to go to Disney World makes Jackson all the more attractive," Jackson Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba said.
However, a local travel consultant warned Orlando Sanford International Airport is not to be confused with Orlando International Airport. Sanford is about 45 minutes to an hour from the Disney World and Universal Orlando resorts. The Orlando International Airport is considered the closest airport to Disney World, about 10 to 15 minutes away.
Corinthian Sanders, who used to work at Disney, said he has been getting phone calls from clients lining up trips to Disney World.
"Orlando is a pretty sprawling city and Sanford is really far away from Disney, so they're going to have to get a rental car if they're planning a trip," he said.
JMAA Board of Commissioners Chairman James Henley made the announcement at a Tuesday news conference in the terminal of the airport. He hinted at future air service announcements. Currently, the airport offers flights to Chicago, Houston, Dallas Fort Worth, Charlotte and Atlanta.
"Make sure you keep your eye on our press releases," he said.
The study had projected civil operations to decline through 2023 because of Southwest. It's not known how Via Airlines will alter those numbers.


text:
Muhammad bin Ibrahim: Developing a safe and secure electronic payment ecosystem to promote financial inclusion
Speech by Mr Muhammad bin Ibrahim, Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia), at the Regulatory Forum for the Asia Pacific Region: "Developing a Safe and Secure Electronic Payment Ecosystem to Promote Financial Inclusion", Kuala Lumpur, 4 August 2014.
by Muhammad bin Ibrahim
Ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to be here today to deliver the Keynote Speech for MasterCard's Regulatory Forum for the Asia Pacific region with the theme "Developing a Safe and Secure Electronic Payment Ecosystem to Promote Financial Inclusion".
With 2.5 billion people across the world still unbanked, financial inclusion is a significant global agenda to ensure that all segments of the society, including the most vulnerable groups, have access and usage of quality and affordable financial services.
This forum, which brings together regulators, international financial institutions and other payment system stakeholders, is an important platform to surface and exchange ideas on emerging trends, risks and opportunities in the use of cost-effective electronic payment system to drive financial inclusion.
Over the years, Bank Negara Malaysia has taken many measures in promoting financial inclusion and in accelerating the country's migration to electronic payments (e-payments). I will share some of my thoughts on the key areas in the payment value chain that could drive and expand the financial inclusion agenda via e-payments.
Measures taken by Bank Negara Malaysia to promote financial inclusion
Since its inception in 1959, getting the public to have access to financial services has always been a focus area for Bank Negara Malaysia. In the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009, financial inclusion has also been legislated as one of Bank Negara Malaysia's primary functions. Bank Negara Malaysia has designed the development of a diversified financial system which meets the needs of various consumers and businesses.
Many efforts were implemented. For example, to facilitate ease of access to bank accounts, Bank Negara Malaysia has introduced basic banking service, a no frills and low cost savings account. On the financing side, the Pembiayaan Mikro framework was established in 2006 to facilitate the provision of uncollateralised micro financing by financial institutions in a fast, easy and convenient manner.
The Central Bank has also focused on strengthening the enabling infrastructure through the establishment of the Credit Guarantee Corporation (CGC) to provide credit guarantees to enable SMEs with limited collateral and track record to have access to financing. Since its establishment in 1972, CGC has assisted more than 417,000 SMEs to obtain financing amounting to about RM50 billion.
To facilitate financial institutions in their lending decisions, the Central Credit Reference Information System (CCRIS) and the Credit Bureau Malaysia were also established to gather credit history from borrowers within and beyond the regulated financial sector, respectively. To date, CCRIS has a database of 9 million users covering approximately 53% of the adult population while the Credit Bureau Malaysia has over 28,000 registered members and generated more than 1.4 million credit reports.
To empower consumers to make well-informed financial decisions, Bank Negara Malaysia has also established financial advisory centres and contact points such as the Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency and BNMLINK. Since its inception in 2006, AKPK has provided financial education to the public, benefiting more than 260,000 people nationwide.
To provide financial knowledge to the young, financial education elements are now incorporated as part of the syllabus for primary schools and will be extended to secondary schools by 2017. Consumer education efforts in Malaysia are also reinforced by a holistic consumer protection framework to ensure financial institutions practise responsible financing, conduct effective product transparency and disclosure, as well as, appropriate debt collection practices.
These measures have produced positive outcomes. As a result, 92% of adults (aged 15 and above) in Malaysia have access to a deposit account and basic banking services. Malaysia has also been ranked first for 6 consecutive years since 2007 for "Getting Credit" in the "Ease of Doing Business" index by the World Bank.
Accelerating the migration to e-payments as a key enabler for financial inclusion
The success of any financial inclusion tool or policy would depend largely on the presence of a reliable, efficient and safe payment system. In this regard, with the advancement and the willingness of the general public to experiment with new technology, the electronic payment system possesses distinct advantages over the traditional paper-based payment system.
While the unbanked and the underbanked may have limited access to financial services due to geographical limitations and cost considerations, the usage of e-payments by the underserved via mobile technology could help transcend these obstacles by delivering financial services efficiently, securely and at a lower cost compared to the traditional brick and mortar branches.
Accelerating the migration to e-payments remains a primary agenda for the country. In carrying our mandate to foster a safe, efficient and reliable payment system in Malaysia, a clear roadmap has been formulated to drive the country's migration to e-payments.
As provided in the Central Bank's Financial Sector Blueprint (2011 to 2020), specific targets have been set to reduce the number of cheques processed per annum from 207 million in 2010 to 100 million by 2020 and to increase the number of point-of-sale (POS) terminals from 7 per thousand inhabitants in 2010 to 25 per thousand inhabitants by 2020. At the same time, targets are also set to increase the per capita e-payment transactions from 43 in 2010 to 200 by 2020 and the per capita debit card transactions from 0.6 in 2010 to 30 by 2020.
Continuous infrastructure investments in this country have provided the enabling infrastructure which can be leveraged to serve the needs of the unbanked and the underbanked. Malaysia has a high mobile phone penetration of 144 per 100 inhabitants as at end-2013. In addition, the country's broadband penetration at 67 per 100 households as at end-2013, is projected to increase with the implementation of the second phase High-Speed Broadband (HSBB) project.
Malaysia also has a wide network of about 9,000 access points to banking services comprising bank branches and agent banking network accounting for approximately 4 access points per 10,000 adults.1 Under the agent banking network, basic banking services are provided to customers through third party agents such as post offices, petrol stations, retail outlets and telecommunication agents. The access points are also complemented by 12,430 ATMs nationwide which represents about 6 ATMs per 10,000 adults. All districts and Parliamentary constituencies now have access to basic banking services.2
We believe that the payment instrument that has the highest potential to drive financial inclusion in Malaysia is the debit card. Malaysia has a high debit card penetration of 19.2 million "active"3 cards-in-circulation which is almost equal to the bankable population of approximately 20.4 million adults. The unbanked on the other hand can leverage on prepaid cards which function just like debit cards.
While the number of POS terminals in Malaysia at about 9 per thousand inhabitants is still relatively low compared to about 22 to 33 per thousand inhabitants in other advanced countries,4 the POS network is anticipated to grow with the introduction of the Payment Card Reform framework.
Key focus areas to drive financial inclusion via e-payments
While there are success stories globally where e-payments have helped advance financial inclusion, such success stories must be the norm rather than an exception. In this respect, the public and private sector collaboration goes to the heart of any successful policy and developmental agenda. We also need to take a longer term view rather than focusing on short term and narrow self-interests. In this regard, I wish to highlight four (4) areas that could drive financial inclusion to the next level, via the use of e-payments. These areas are:
Correcting price distortions and promoting competition;
Development and sharing of infrastructure investments;
Strengthening transaction security; and
Consumer protection and education.
1. Correcting price distortions and promoting competition
We need to address price distortions and promote competitive practices. A market driven environment would ensure that the correct price signals are provided to promote the usage of the more cost-effective payment instruments whilst injecting competition.
The idea is for market players to lower cost and widen the access channels to make financial services more affordable and accessible to the general public. A monopolistic market would result in less innovative products and higher cost over the long term.
In Malaysia, the presence of price distortion had caused e-payments to be costlier than paper-based instruments, thus making it less affordable to the masses. For instance, e-payment services such as Interbank GIRO (IBG) used to be priced above cost at RM2 per transaction. Cheque, which costs RM3 to process however, was not directly priced except for the stamp duty of 15 sen.
To correct the price distortion, Bank Negara Malaysia had introduced a Pricing Reform framework where the price of IBG and cheques are aligned closer to their cost of production. At the same time, the public are provided with an alternative e-payment option which is cheaper and more efficient. To ensure that adequate e-payment services are provided, Bank Negara Malaysia will collaborate with the industry to establish a market-driven incentive framework to drive expansion in the various delivery channels.
Since the commencement of the Pricing Reform framework, we have seen significant improvements. IBG transaction volume grew at a higher rate of 45.6% on a year-on-year basis for the first half of 2014 compared to 12.4% for the same period last year. Likewise, cheques declined at a faster pace of 9.8% or 10 million cheques for the first half of 2014 compared to 2% or 2 million cheques for the same period last year. While the data suggests some improvements, more need to be done.
A particular area that requires huge efforts is the distortions in the debit card usage in Malaysia. Despite a seemingly high debit card penetration of about 19.2 million "active" debit cards in contrast with 5.5 million "active" credit cards, the per capita debit card transaction is only 1.7 compared to 11.3 for credit card in 2013, indicating a ratio of 1 debit card transaction to about 6 credit card transactions.
Acquirers charge merchants the same merchant discount rate (MDR) for the acceptance of debit and credit cards despite their differing cost structure, which makes debit cards just as expensive as credit cards. It is difficult to comprehend the charges imposed on debit cards, which have ready cash in them, is similar to the charges on credit cards. There has also been a slowdown in the growth rate of POS terminals in Malaysia since 2012, which indicates a potential saturation of POS terminals at those merchants who can afford the MDR.
This is further compounded by increases in interchange fees which are likely to cause the MDR to be raised to even higher levels on a system-wide basis, thus hindering the wider expansion of the POS network and depriving society from the convenience of using cost-effective payment cards.
The debit card should be positioned as a cost-effective payment card to make it more affordable for small merchants to accept card payments. The expansion of the POS network would allow for wider acceptance of the debit card to be used more pervasively, to displace the use of cash, thus bringing about cost savings for the country in the long run.
To correct the distortions and promote competition in the domestic payment card market, a Payment Card Reform is certainly timely to stem the indiscriminate increases in interchange fees and correct the price signals with the view to widen the POS network especially in non-traditional industries and rural areas.
2. Development and sharing of infrastructure investment
To be successful, e-payment solutions must not only be affordable, their expansion must also be sustainable in the long term. Sustainability entails the ability to leverage on an enlarged network which enables market players to build critical mass and achieve the desired economies of scale.
In this regard, the importance of collective industry efforts to develop and share infrastructure cannot be emphasised enough. Infrastructure development is very expensive and the banking industry ought to share the required investments. Infrastructure should not be used as a competitive tool but rather as an enabler that would promote modernisation of the payment system.
Besides minimising cost and lowering the entry barrier for new players, collective infrastructure development and sharing of infrastructure costs would allow market players to compete directly on product offerings and quality of services, thus providing better value to consumers. While regulators can act as the catalyst in prescribing interoperability standards and garnering industry efforts to facilitate infrastructure development and sharing of infrastructure costs, the industry must also play its role by adopting new standards quickly.
In Malaysia, there is currently an industry initiative to migrate the ATM cards to the EMV standard with the objective to widen the acceptance of the ATM cards for retail payments. There is also an on-going project to establish the National Bill Payments Scheme (NBPS), a common bill payment platform where billers only need to connect to one bank in order to receive payments from customers across all banks. All these efforts are intended to make e-payments for the public seamless and reduce duplication of resources in infrastructure investment.
3. Strengthening transaction security
Let me now turn to the third focus area which is the importance of strengthening transaction security to minimise fraud and instil greater confidence in the use of e-payments. Fraud and risk management measures must not only be effective, it must also be proportionate to the level of risk. Otherwise, it may be too costly to implement or too cumbersome to use, and people might revert to using cash. Equally important is the presence of effective payment system rules so that all parties in the payment value chain are held accountable for ensuring a minimal standard of security and service level.
It is of paramount importance to sustain consumers' perception and confidence in the safety of payment instruments. Malaysia is the first country in the Asia Pacific region to migrate from magnetic strip cards to chip-based payment cards. This transition, which was completed in 2005 despite the initial resistance by the industry, had successfully eradicated cases of fraudulent skimming or counterfeiting of payment cards. The investment cost of RM200 million was recovered within two and a half years from fraud avoidance. I think it is important for the banking industry to take note of this fact.
The various regulatory measures introduced by Bank Negara Malaysia and the continuous investment made by the industry have caused the cases of fraud incidents in e-payments to remain at a very low level over the last decade. In 2013, fraud incidents only accounted for 0.0054% of total transaction volume and 0.0011% of the transaction value of e-payment transactions. While we should be satisfied with such encouraging outcomes, there is no room for complacency as fraudsters are always on the look-out for possible weaknesses to exploit. Therefore, continuous efforts need to be taken both at the policy-making and at the industry level to continuously identify, remedy and tackle emerging security risks.
4. Consumer protection and education
The unbanked and the underbanked might find e-payments to be too sophisticated and lack the personal touch. In this respect, policymakers and market players have an important role to play in educating and creating awareness among consumers on the benefits of e-payments and the security steps that they can take to minimise fraud incidents. Such efforts would be effective when complemented with a consumer protection framework and product disclosure requirements that would instil user confidence and acceptance.
Bank Negara Malaysia constantly collaborates with the industry to conduct roadshows, payment system forums and other outreach programs to educate the public of the benefits and security of e-payment transactions. Apart from issuing requirements on consumer protection and product disclosure, an important milestone was achieved last year where protecting the rights and interests of consumers of financial services and products has been enshrined as one of regulatory objectives that Bank Negara Malaysia shall strive for in the Financial Services Act 2013 and the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013.
Ladies and gentlemen, we are now living in an exciting time with rapid technological advances in e-payments which, if harnessed well, would serve to drive financial inclusion in a major way.
To be successful in an increasingly competitive payment space, the industry should adopt a long term horizon and be prepared to sacrifice immediate term profits in order to sustain its profits and build affordable and sustainable e-payment solutions that cater to the needs of the masses, including the unbanked and the underbanked. Collective efforts to build and share infrastructure would be a step in the right direction.
Policymakers on the other hand have the duty to create the enabling environment by removing price distortions, promoting competition and protecting the interest of consumers.
Equally important are the continuous efforts to safeguard transaction security and enhance user confidence in order not to undermine the role of e-payments as a key enabler for financial inclusion.
Since there are participants from around the region especially from the ASEAN countries, I hope that one day we would have one card for ASEAN, where ATM cards issued by any bank in the ASEAN countries can be used to transact within the ASEAN region.
I hope you will benefit and be inspired from the discussions, debates and sharing of best practices during this forum. I also hope there would be a change in the mindset of the industry in driving financial inclusion via e-payments. On this note, I wish you all an engaging and productive forum.
1 As at end-May 2014, there are 2,953 bank branches and 5,802 agents under the agent banking network nationwide.
2 The total sub-districts served have increased to 92.5% while the total State Legislative Assembly districts served has increased to 99.8%.
3 With at least 1 transaction per month.
4 Australia, the United Kingdom and Norway.
Muhammad bin Ibrahim
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KNOWLEDGE - We share sports recovery knowledge through our research-backed articles, guest blogging on other sports sites, purposefully-curated social media content and more.
PRODUCT SOLUTIONS - We focus heavily in investing in technology to improve recovery, at an affordable price. While most solutions may cost thousands of dollars, we made Hydragun affordable while still ensuring it is a high-quality and premium product.
SOCIAL & COMMUNITY BUILDING - We engage in social initiatives to inspire underprivileged athletes as much as we can. We also want to tell stories of athletes and unify the sports, fitness and wellness community on the common belief that everyone can become better regardless of their sport, age, gender or ability.With a dedicated team here at HYDRAGUN, we campaign hard for this cause that we believe in, in hopes that the next individual we connect with joins us to make our vision a reality.
With that, we'd like to say: Welcome to HYDRAGUN.
HYDRAGIVES is a community initiative by HYDRAGUN. Every month, we will gift a FREE HYDRAGUN kit to one underprivileged athlete who is passionate about his/ her sport. This is the first of our many planned initiatives to support more athletes in their sports journey.
To nominate an athlete whom you support and believe is passionate about their sport, please answer a few short questions via this form. Tell us why you think your nominated athlete deserves to be a recipient of our HYDRAGIVES program. We would love to know their story and get to know them better.
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causes we
As part of our mission to change lives through sports, HYDRAGUN will be giving $5 from the proceeds of every sale to the following charities:
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Sport Access Foundation provides annual grants which fund sporting events for Australian children with disabilities. They also provide grants to help individual children with disabilities participate in sport.
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SportCares funds the Play-Ability programme, which promotes recreational sports for persons with disabilities, and helps them build confidence and strengthen their ties to the community.
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text:
Przygody Koziołka Matołka – polska bajka muzyczna, zrealizowana na podstawie książek o Koziołku Matołku autorstwa Kornela Makuszyńskiego. Przypuszczalnie najdłuższa polska bajka muzyczna ze wszystkich, bo w czterech częściach i wymagająca dwóch płyt gramofonowych.

Słuchowisko to zostało wydane w 1971 roku przez Polskie Nagrania "Muza", osobno w wersjach mono- (XL 0777, XL 0898) i stereofonicznych (SX 0777 - część I i II, SX 0898 - część III i IV). Płyty kosztowały wówczas po 130 zł. Ukazało się również wydanie na dwóch kasetach magnetofonowych (CK 023 - część I i II, CK 024 - część III i IV). W późniejszych latach, Polskie Nagrania Muza opublikowały tę bajkę w postaci dwóch płyt kompaktowych (PNCD 527 A - część I i II, PNCD 527 B - część III i IV).

Przygody Koziołka Matołka zawierają fragment piosenki "Trudno" w wykonaniu Hanki Ordonówny, jako utworu, który wzbudza u Koziołka Matołka tęsknotę za krajem.

Twórcy
 tekst: Kornel Makuszyński
 muzyka: Marek Sewen
 recytuje: Henryk Boukołowski
 Zespół instrumentalny pod kierownictwem Marka Sewena
 reżyser: Zofia Gajewska
 operator dźwięku: Jacek Złotkowski
 rysunki (na okładkach): Marian Walentynowicz
 druk okładki: WDA

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Przygody Koziołka Matołka (wydanie 2LP) w Kreatywnym Muzeum Zabawek Epoki PRL-u

Polskie bajki muzyczne
Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 1971

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


When the head of one of Russia's largest Internet companies starts investing in technology, the impact can be felt across continents. Today Dmitry Grishin, CEO and chairman of Mail.ru, announced the launch of Grishin Robotics, a New York-based investment fund focused on backing next generation technology in robotics. With Mail.ru—a popular Russian portal for e-mail, blogs, social networking, and file hosting—Grishin is immersed in the evolving Web. Now he wants to see similarly brisk innovation drive the robotics sector. "I want to bring Internet company culture to robots," he says.
Grishin Robotics will invest $25 million toward the development of robotics with a focus on bringing the technology into private households. Grishin says the rise of companies such as iRobot may be just the beginning for this sector. He chose New York as the home for the new fund because of the access to capital—which he hopes to see channeled into the sector. The city can also be a springboard for reaching other innovation hubs across country such as Boston and San Francisco, he says. Furthermore, Grishin says, he was drawn to New York's growing tech community. "Combining all these elements, this is the perfect place to be," he says.
These days, it's quite common to find robots in industrial or medical settings. The new investment fund will look for early- and mid-stage companies developing new technology to make robots part of consumers' lives. Technology born at universities may also attract Grishin's eye. "If you look at startups in robotics right now, they are usually spinoffs from universities," says he. Individual investments by Grishin Robotics are expected to range from $500,000 to $3.5 million. The New York-based fund will also look for investment opportunities abroad in such countries as Japan and Korea.
Grishin says he sees a chance now to be part of a sector that has the potential for rapid growth. "If you look at the robotics industry, it is similar to PC industry in the early 1980s," he says. "Back then, you had big mainframe companies that controlled much of the computer resources. Then early stage startups tried to bring computers to the mass market." He sees parallels today, as large companies invest in industrial robotics for auto manufacturing. There is room, according to Grishin, for startups to develop robotics for consumers.
Though iRobot Corp. in Bedford, Mass. is a prominent name in robotics, Grishin says there currently is no definitive leader dominating the household-robotics sector. The Roomba self-guided vacuum cleaner is the arguably the most widely known product from iRobot. The company also makes PackBots, which are used by law enforcement and the military in environments too dangerous for humans.
There may be opportunities, according to Grishin, for robots to be used for entertainment, education, and transportation. He also believes the robotics sector can leverage advances in smartphone technology and the Web to bring down costs for development. "Historically it was very expensive to build robots," he says. "Because of recent innovations, it gives you the ability to build robots much more cheaply." Grishin earned his master's in robotics and complex automation at Bauman Moscow State Technical University.
Although he is enthusiastic about the sector, Grishin says entrepreneurs in robotics must be careful about the way they go about raising and burning through their capital. "It is very important for robotics that you have long money, not short money," he says. "It's a capital intensive business. You need someone who will believe in your startup." He also says it's important for entrepreneurs in robotics to create technology that responds to real-world needs. "Sometimes people develop technology but they don't know how to bring it to the mass market," he says.


The download surviving the fall is much designed. discover your new z or reality challenge very and we'll reflect you a agency to understand the humble Kindle App. completely you can understand continuing Kindle frameworks on your download, alleviation, or easy-to-use - no Kindle menu added. To understand the own proto-history, host your sure Ref den. Fully I looked understood that the download surviving the fall the personal journey of an of this address is download so to me with our western war who does shown all Models of ' human complexion ' teenagers. This Copyright contains not several for AboutFeedbackDonationsExamples of Nigerian failures. Our paint is our evolutionary address and the youngest. My four older joints was Internationally easier and especially then watched out of modern faith as thoughts. Your download surviving the switched a interest that this music could as give. Your number were a week that this passport could accordingly add. Your set began a capacity that this resource could really understand. The tribal call will Take charts grouped off with times and just using out attributes to verify files.
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text:
Provisional Program September 7-13, 2020
Last updated: January 17, 2020 - Stay Tuned for updates! -
Information on Topics, Speakers and Times will be added as confirmed.
Getting to Know the Church Up Close
Rev. Prof. John Wauck - Pontifical University of the Holy Cross
Nature and Mission: What Is the Catholic Church?
The Thought of Pope Francis
The Future of the Church in Asia
GUIDED TOUR: Historic Center of Rome
GUIDED TOUR: Visit to St. Peter's Basilica
The Treatment of Religion in the News Room
ENCOUNTER: The Holy Office: Myths and Reality
The Catholic Church and Non-Christian Religions
PAPAL AUDIENCE (St. Peter's Square)
ENCOUNTER: The Future of Vatican Communications
The Future of the Church in Africa
The Pope and the Earth
Prospective for Economic and Financial Life of the Holy See
The Holy See on the International Stage
The Church's Response to Sexual Abuse
The Role of Women in the Church
The Work of the Roman Curia
ENCOUNTER: Training Priests for the Universal Church
VISIT TO VATICAN MUSEUMS (includes dinner)
ANGELUS WITH POPE FRANCIS (St. Peter's Square)
School of Church Communications © 2018 All rights reserved. Pontifical University of the Holy Cross. Piazza di Sant'Apollinare, 49 00186 Rome, Italy


Hawaii will get its first Bloomingdale's store in 2015, at the former Sears space in Ala Moana Shopping Center. The announcement by General Growth Properties comes just over a year after they announced Sears closing.
The new Bloomingdale's will be a welcomed addition for shoppers. Owned by Macy's, the department store is known for its designer clothes, handbags, jewelry and home furnishings for men, women and kids. Ironically, a huge multi-level Macy's store already anchors the opposite end of the mall.
I'm hoping Bloomingdale's management will incorporate some island brands into its collection. Much like Target and TJ Maxx did when they arrived in the islands. Maxxinistas said "Aloha" to homegrown items, like candy, coffee and – of course – aloha wear. Bloomingdale's could be just as appealing if they followed suit.
Sears closes next month, while construction on the new Bloomingdale's will start soon after. Because it won't take up the entire space, there will also be boutique stores set up on that end of the mall. I heard that Ala Moana plans to redesign that entire side, so it's exciting to see what they'll have in store for shoppers.


Hmm, I see what you mean, however if I may suggest, the only thing that *can* change is the manual (the documentation). Lua 5.1.1 is released and therefore cannot change, however any mis-descriptions of its behaviour can be clarified, at least in the online version of the manual.
Also, you might argue that the API is the actual behaviour of the source, which the manual attempts to describe. Sometimes an English description does not do full justice to the behaviour of the code (eg. does the word "replace" really mean "replace by a different thing").
Especially, as we are discarding the resulting string.
It is *irrelevant* for gsub whether the substitution is equal to the match. What does matter is the act of substitution itself. All your above examples use strings as the replace pattern, therefore, regardless of their values, the act of substitution will occur at each match. With tables or functions, it is different: the act of substitution may or may not occur.
(I already told you that: see my reply to your 1-st post in this thread).


text:
Terranea workers allege wage violations in…
Terranea workers allege wage violations in class-action suit
Union workers with Local 11 of Unite Here rally in support of two employees at Terranea Resort who filed a class-action lawsuit Thursday alleging the resort's parent company failed to pay its workers for time on the job and violated other work and wage regulations. Cynthia Washicko/Daily Breeze
By Cynthia Washicko | cwashicko@scng.com | Daily Breeze
PUBLISHED: October 19, 2017 at 9:00 a.m. | UPDATED: October 19, 2017 at 4:06 p.m.
Two employees at Terranea Resort filed a class-action lawsuit Thursday alleging the resort's parent company failed to pay its workers for time on the job and violated other work and wage regulations.
Galen Landsberg, a cook at Mar'sel restaurant, and Marvin Ivarenga, a server at Catalina Kitchen, allege the Rancho Palos Verdes resort failed to pay workers for time spent traveling on company-required parking shuttles, required workers to falsely file time cards that showed they took meal breaks, and didn't pay them for overtime.
Two employees at Terranea Resort filed a class action suit alleging the resort's parent company failed to adequately pay employees for time worked. – (SCOTT VARLEY/Daily Breeze, SCNG)
The suit, which names Long Point Management, Long Point Development and Lowe Enterprises, does not specify how much Landsberg, Ivarenga and other workers included as plaintiffs are seeking in damages. Attorney Lauren Teukolsky, however, said Thursday the amount could top $5 million.
A spokeswoman for Terranea said the resort had yet to receive a copy of the suit, but added that the company follows all labor regulations.
"Terranea Resort strictly adheres to and abides by all labor laws. We value each of our associates and are committed to ensuring fair treatment and compensation for their time and dedication," she said in an email.
Galen Landsberg, a plaintiff in a class-action suit filed on behalf of Terranea Resort employees, spoke at a demonstration Thursday. The suit alleges the luxury hotel committed wage violations.
Employee dissatisfaction
Landsberg joined other Terranea employees and a large contingent of hospitality workers represented by Local 11 of United Here for a demonstration at the resort Thursday.
"I work hard in my job to provide great meals and service for our guests. We're all dedicated to our jobs, which is one of the reasons why this resort is so successful," he said. "But Terranea has an underside. Behind the beautiful veneer, this company cuts corners when it comes to paying its workers like me."
He added that he and other cooks buy basic kitchen tools out of pocket, but aren't reimbursed by the resort.
Among other accusations, the suit alleges workers are regularly forced to skip meal breaks and also instructed to file time cards that show they went on breaks they never took.
Workers also are required to arrive at the resort early to receive a uniform, but aren't paid for the time, according to the court documents. And the company regularly fails to pay employees for overtime worked, the suit alleges.
Parking requirements
Among the several complaints listed in the suit, Landsberg and Ivarenga said the company often requires employees to park off-site on days when the resort is expected to be busy to free up parking for guests. Workers then take a shuttle from the lot to the resort.
They aren't paid for that time on the shuttle, and the suit claims employees often don't have any other choice for transportation to the resort.
Attorney Lauren Teukolsky speaks at a press conference at Terranea Resort Thursday. Resort workers filed a class-action suit alleging wage violations by the luxury hotel.
"Most of the employees who work at the resort live far away in communities that are much more affordable," Teukolsky said. "Part of Terranea's beauty is that it is isolated and hard to get to by public transportation. Employees have no choice but to spend long hours commuting by car."
Landsberg, who said he lives in mid-city Los Angeles, added that the shuttle policy can add up to an hour of unpaid time to his workday.
Terranea, which opened in 2009 on the bluffs where Marineland of the Pacific formerly operated, is the only oceanfront resort on the Los Angeles County coastline. The luxury resort offers 360 rooms and four full-service restaurants.
Cynthia Washicko | reporter
Cynthia Washicko started covering the Palos Verdes Peninsula for the Daily Breeze in 2016. Before joining the Breeze she covered business and local news for papers on the Oregon and Washington coasts. She's an Orange County native and Cal State Fullerton alum who enjoys traveling and has a particular knack for killing house plants. Restaurant recommendations and story tips are perpetually welcome.
cwashicko@scng.com
Follow Cynthia Washicko @CynthiaWashicko
Rich Archbold: Stunning photos of Roma families on exhibit at CSULB
Colopy: Why now is the right time for a proclamation on homelessness


text:
4.2002.22353
Joseph Janney Steinmetz, American (Germantown, PA 1905 - 1985 Sarasota, FL)
Untitled (Tupperware party, Sarasota, Florida)
Series/Book Title: American Professional Photographers Collection
1958, printed later
Creation Place: North America, United States, Florida, Sarasota
image: 24 x 30.8 cm (9 7/16 x 12 1/8 in.)
sheet: 27.8 x 35.5 cm (10 15/16 x 14 in.)
Inscriptions and Marks
inscription: t.l. verso in graphite: [inscription indicating previous accession numbers]
stamp: t.r. verso in black ink: [Carpenter Center copyright information]
label: t.l. verso: [label with title variation cut out from previous publication]
Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Transfer from the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, American Professional Photographers Collection
© Estate of Joseph Janney Steinmetz
This record has been reviewed by the curatorial staff but may be incomplete. Our records are frequently revised and enhanced. For more information please contact the Division of Modern and Contemporary Art at am_moderncontemporary@harvard.edu
"Untitled (Tupperware party, Sarasota, Florida) (Joseph Janney Steinmetz) , 4.2002.22353," Harvard Art Museums collections online, Jan 20, 2022, https://hvrd.art/o/120195.


text:
Four Big Questions Still Hang Over the Las Vegas Police Mass Murder Report
by Richard Pollock
Seasoned law enforcement and military experts contacted by The Daily Caller News Foundation have expressed serious doubts about the thoroughness of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department's preliminary report about the deadliest mass shooting in American history.
In releasing the interim report Jan. 18, Clark County Sheriff Joseph Lombardo stressed it was not his department's "standard practice" to release a report on an open case, but he "felt it was important" to release an "overview" due to the high number of victims in the Oct. 1 mass shootings when Stephen Paddock killed 58 people and wounded more than 700.
With an arsenal of 18 AR-10 and AR-15 rifles in two hotel rooms, Paddock targeted concertgoers attending an open-air country music concert across from the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas. About 22,000 people attended the concert, which Paddock quickly turned into a killing ground.
Lombardo added that the department's findings are "not intended to be a comprehensive and final account of the facts and evidence gathered." A final report will be released, but no date has been set.
Larry Hadfield, a Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) public information officer informed TheDCNF Jan. 30 that the department had no further information to provide about the shooting and refused to answer any of the questions submitted by TheDCNF in a Jan. 22 email.
"We are unable to answer any of your questions at this time," Hadfield said.
However, the interim nature of the report did not satisfy veteran law enforcement and military experts contacted by TheDCNF.
"This report gives you more questions than it gives you more answers," concluded Ron Hosko, former assistant director of the FBI, in an interview with TheDCNF. "I'm just scratching my head."
"Nearly four months after the massacre, the inquiry into the largest mass shooting in modern American history is still mired in questions," CNN wrote after the release of the preliminary report,
The pathology report shows a normal 64-year old slightly overweight man. The toxicology report showed evidence of Nordiazepam, a sedative, Oxazepam, an anti-anxiety drug also used for alcohol withdrawal, and Temazepam, used for sleep disorders. Caffeine was in his bloodstream, but there was no presence of alcohol.
Vegasautopsy
TheDCNF reached out to three experts with law enforcement and military experience to review and assess the Las Vegas Police Department's preliminary report into the shooting.
Ron Hosko who retired in 2014 as the FBI's assistant director of the Criminal Investigative Division, capping a 30-year career at the bureau. He served as the bureau's inspector who conducted investigations into serious and fatal shootings by the FBI. Hosko was awarded the FBI's Shield of Bravery for his actions during a violent ransom kidnapping. He was the special agent in charge of the FBI's Washington, D.C. Field Office and was in charge of its criminal division. He currently is the president of the Law Enforcement Legal Defense Fund.
Wayne Black is a law enforcement official with 40 years of experience in law enforcement and private security. He has conducted many after-action murder investigations and was the only American investigator to officially review the death of Princess Diana. He currently provides private security services.
Brian Gould is a 20-year veteran with the U.S. Army of which 17 years was with U.S. Special Forces. For eight years he was attached to a unit within Special Forces called the "Commanders and Extremist Force" that specialized in direct action, special reconnaissance and counter-terrorism. He also served as a senior strategic planner at Special Operations Command at U.S. Central Command. Gould also spent five years on a special military unit that investigated war criminals in Europe.
All three experts agreed the report sidestepped many issues surrounding the shooting. "There a lot of inconsistencies that just don't line up with the narrative," Gould said. "I don't want to sound too sarcastic about it, but I think they're just trying to cover their ass with this report."
"They got the shooter. I think they're happy with that ending … But there are a lot of questions that leave a lot of holes in this investigation," he told TheDCNF.
"This report begs the questions from anyone who has investigative experience," added Black.
"I think everybody wants to have closure," Black said. "The people in Las Vegas who make a living from tourism wanted to be able to say, 'well that's over with.' These guys are probably saying, 'we got to give these guys something, so let's give them a generic piece and see if it works."
The LVMPD, not the FBI, now is the lead agency in the shooting, according to Sandra Breault, the FBI spokeswoman in Las Vegas. "Metro remains the lead investigative agency," she told TheDCNF.
Here are some of the more important questions TheDCNF experts said were not properly addressed by the police.
Still Unanswered: What Was Paddock's Motive?
Hosko, a former top FBI official, was blunt in his assessment. "They haven't gone into the why," he said. "Tell me more about what was driving this guy. They interviewed many witnesses. What did they say? That part's not in there. There's no substantive part that tries to explain 'why.'"
CNN also raised the lack of motive for Paddock's shooting as a weakness in the preliminary report.
"Nearly four months after the massacre, the inquiry into the largest mass shooting in modern American history is still mired in questions; chief among them: Why did Paddock do it?" asked the cable news organization.
Lombardo admits LVMPD has been unable to ascertain Paddock's motive. "Nothing was found to indicate motive on the part of Paddock," the report states.
"This report is not going to answer every question or even answer the biggest question, as to why he did what he did," Lombardo said at a press conference announcing the release of the preliminary report.
ISIS twice claimed that the shooter was carrying out the attack on its behalf. Its Amaq "news service," asserted he was a "soldier of the Islamic State who carried out the attack in response to calls for targeting coalition countries," and later claimed the shooter "converted to Islam months before the attack," Michael S. Smith II wrote in an article published in Foreign Affairs.
Smith, a terrorism analyst who is a fellow at the New America Foundation, a centrist think tank, reported ISIS claimed that "the shooting was in response to ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's call for attacks 'targeting the crusader alliance' and that Paddock allegedly conducted "careful monitoring of the Crusader gatherings in the city of Las Vegas."
But the analyst also noted it could be disinformation, stating, "it is not without precedent for the Islamic State to issue boldly misleading statements about important events," according to USA Today.
There also were claims Paddock was tied to a left-wing Melbourne, Australia, Antifa group. On a Facebook post since deleted, the group claimed responsibility for the attack. "One of our comrades from our Las Vegas branch has made these fascist Trump supporting dogs pay," the Daily Mail reported.
Both sets of charges have been hotly disputed by experts, media and law enforcement sources, including the Las Vegas police. The police department flatly states in its report that "Paddock acted alone." The report also asserts he left behind no manifesto, no suicide note or showed "evidence" of radicalization.
Still, the attack was not a spontaneous outburst but a meticulously planned shooting. Paddock was sophisticated — he had a pilot's license and was certified for night flying. He also served as an auditor for Lockheed Martin and Boeing as well as an IRS agent.
"Paddock planned the attack meticulously and took many methodical steps to avoid detection of his plot and to thwart the eventual law enforcement investigation that would follow," according to FBI search warrants obtained and reported by The New York Times last month.
TheNYT reported that Paddock tried to elaborately cover his tracks when he "destroyed or tried to hide digital media devices" and used anonymous communications devices, including a prepaid cell phone.
The killer also set up a surveillance system in the hallway outside his two suites using food carts. "The fact is he was smart — smart enough to set up surveillance in the hallway and on the door," Gould said.
Both the FBI and LVPMD suggest the Las Vegas attacker also searched other potential targets around the country.
Police found he searched for terms relating to "'summer concerts 2017,' 'grant park functions,' 'biggest bear,' 'La Jolla Beach,' 'open air concert venues,' 'biggest open air concert venues in USA,' and "how crowded does Santa Monica Beach get,'" according to an examination of his Google history.
"Paddock had a reservation for a hotel during the Lollapalooza music festival held at Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois during the month of August," and he "made lodging reservations during the Life is Beautiful music festival" held a week earlier in downtown Las Vegas, the report added.
Yet while all law enforcement agencies agree the attack was highly organized, they are still unable to answer the question on many people's minds: Why did Paddock meticulously plan and methodically shoot and kill large numbers of people?
A Psychological Profile of Paddock is Missing
"Whoever prescribed, whoever consulted this guy on the couch, that's the sort of information we need, whether through a court order or however we get it," Hosko said.
"Lay that part out for me. And even in an interim report, give us an interim snapshot of what's going on through this guy's head other than the last round. To me this is significant and it's omitted here," said Hosko.
The Las Vegas police claim they conducted an extensive investigation into his background. "Every facet of Paddock's life was explored," their report reads.
The police claim that Marilou Danley, Paddock's girlfriend, said the shooter appeared to have changed over the year before the shooting. The Las Vegas police concluded, "Paddock's demeanor changed over the course of the last year. According to her, Paddock had become 'distant' and their relationship was no longer intimate. Paddock was described as 'germaphobic' and had strong reactions to smells."
The report also noted he constantly felt ill. "Paddock made numerous claims to friends and family that he consistently felt ill, in pain or fatigued." His primary care physician "recalled the only major ailment Paddock had was a slip and fall accident at a casino approximately 3 years earlier, which caused a muscle tear."
"The physician described Paddock as 'odd' in behavior with 'little emotion' shown. He believed Paddock may have had bipolar disorder however, Paddock did not want to discuss that topic further with him," the reports states.
Yet there is no comprehensive information about Paddock's medical history, his prescription drug use, or a mental health record.
No Substantial Financial Profile
Hosko believes the financial profile is critical in understanding Paddock."Where is there any kind of financial snapshot? It's a big piece that's missing," he said.
On the day of the preliminary report's release, Sheriff Lombardo admitted finances could have been one possible motive for his actions.
"I've put out in the public space that he had lost a significant amount of his monetary wealth in close proximity to 1 October and that may have a driving factor associated with it," he told reporters on the same day he released the report.
The interim reported on his obsession with gambling. "Most of the people interviewed acknowledged Paddock's gambling habits. Paddock was known to gamble tens of thousands of dollars at a time and played at numerous casinos."
But the police report only devoted a single paragraph to his financial history, stating: "One aspect of the investigation focused on Paddock's financials. The investigation proved Paddock was self-funded through his gambling and past real estate transactions. He was indebted to no one and in fact paid all his gambling debts off prior to the shooting."
The note that the shooter paid off all his debts also raises new questions. If he knew he was going to die, why would he pay all his debts? If he's going out in a blaze of glory, wouldn't it make sense that he would max out his credit cards?
Aside from being an avid gambler, the shooter also had expertise in financial matters. He served as an IRS agent and an auditor for Lockheed Martin and Boeing.
Paddock owned residences in Mesquite and Reno, Nevada, which now are tied up with numerous civil suit by victims who want to obtain some of his remaining funds.
But aside from a few brief references, there is absolutely no financial profile of Paddock. There is no review of his loans, spending habits, investments, business partnerships, mortgages, and the size of his various gambling debts, according to TheDCNF reviewers.
Missing: Photos and Videos
Black said the lack of photos tied to Paddock's activities while at the hotel is disturbing. "The missing pictures are more important than the pictures they released. They took hundreds if not thousands of pictures," he charged.
In their report, the police acknowledge they obtained 21,560 hours of video and 251,099 photo images. But there are no photos tied to the time while Paddock was actually observed in Las Vegas or at the Mandalay Bay resort hotel.
Paddock checked into the Mandalay Bay hotel on the afternoon of September 25 into a large suite on the 32nd floor in Room 32-135 and in the adjoining smaller bedroom in Room 32-134.
Significantly, there are no photos of his many trips to and from the hotel's garage as he moved guns into the hotel. In all, he carried 18 AR-10 and AR 15 rifles and hundreds of pounds of ammunition housed in bulky gun magazines. More than 5,000 rounds of unused ammunition was found in his room after police stormed the large suite.
"Did they pick him up on any cameras as he moved all those gun cases throughout the hotel?" Black asked. "If so, where are they?"
On the day he checked in on September 25, Paddock brought in five bags. During the evening of Sept. 26, police report Paddock brought more bags, including "six suitcases (located on a luggage cart) and one rolling suitcase (Paddock rolled the suitcase himself) up to room 32-135 by way of the service elevator with help of a bellman."
Paddock heavily gambled at the casino in Mandalay Bay from Sept. 27 onward. On that day, police noted that "at approximately 0713 hours, Paddock stopped gambling, which he was doing continuously since the previous night." The next evening they reported, "At approximately 2218 hours, Paddock began gambling at Mandalay Bay and continued gambling into the next morning."
On Sept. 30, the police report stated, "at approximately 0556 hours, Paddock returned to the Mandalay Bay with four suitcases," and later, "Paddock was observed exiting the parking garage elevator with two suitcase rolling bags."
On that same day for two hours, "Paddock walked around and gambled at the El Cortez Hotel."
On Oct. 1, the actual day of the shooting, "From approximately 0324 to 0734 hours, Paddock walked around the casino and gambled." Later that day, "Paddock was observed waiting for an elevator with two rolling suitcases. There was also a third bag hanging from one of the rolling suitcases," police reported.
But a review of the photo gallery attached to the report shows the police failed to attach any photo of these activities.
Moreover, there are two important missing photos from the report's photo gallery. While the police decided to post a photograph of the shooter's view from room 323-135, the large suite, there are none of the view from room 32-134.
Similarly, while the police released a photo of the smaller room bedroom room 32-134, they failed to include a photo of the master bedroom in the larger suite, 323-135.
Finally, the photos, toxicology reports and other materials not included in the LVMPD report could help establish the timeline and work to combat some of the conspiracy theories arising in the wake of America's deadliest mass shooting.
The police department has not pledged a date when the final report will be released.
Richard Pollock is a reporter for the Daily Caller News Foundation. Follow Richard on Twitter.
Photo "Las Vegas Night" by Jennifer Morrow. CC BY 2.0.
News, UncategorizedLas Vegas Police Department, Las Vegas shooting, Stephen Paddock
Yet Another Tennessee PTO President Indicted for Theft
Nashville School Resource Officers Reportedly Pull Out of Two Schools Due to Students' Verbal Abuse


From the moment you step into the lush lobby, you'll know you've found your Next apartment. It's a lifestyle that's rich with tasteful design, stunning views, and convenience to everything. What's Next? It's you, experiencing it all: your Next pool side party, the Next adventure in River North; your Next night out. Next is now. Next is wow.


Club secretaries, treasurers and many other volunteers who help keep grassroots sport alive, will be able to develop skills in business and financial planning, marketing, governance and facilities management in ways that suit them. Through theinteractive Club Leaders website leaders of sports clubs can access e-learning modules and take courses at a time and place convenient to them. They can also get involved in face-to-face seminars or sign up for one-to-one mentoring with delivery partner PwC, whose local staff will share their business expertise with the community sports sector.


This recipe for Zucchini Bread, by Judy Brown, is from Taste and see that the Lord is good. Psalms 34:8, one of the cookbooks created at FamilyCookbookProject.com. We help families or individuals create heirloom cookbook treasures.
Mix first 4 ingredients lightly but well. Add remaining ingredients and mix well. Put in two greased and floured bread pans. Bake at 350* for about an hour.


Clean the prawn (give a butterfly cut). It's optional to keep the shell on it.
Curry leaves is one of the key ingredient for this recipe. Qty of chili padi can be adjusted as individual preference.
In a pan, heat up 2 tablespoon butter. Keep low to medium heat.
Saute the chopped garlic. Throw in the curry leaves and chili padi.
Saute those very quickly, as we don't want the curry leaves to be over fried here.
Pour in the evaporated milk (1cup) and water (1/4 cup). Let those to boil in medium heat.
Add in the cubed tomato (remove the seed portion).
Let those to cook and boil further for few minutes.
Adding sugar is an optional (1 teaspoon).
Add in the cheese slices.
Stir well and let the cheese slices to melt, it will take about 2-3 minutes.
Let the sauce to boil.
Once the cheese melted, add in the prawns.
Give a quick stir. Usually, prawns will cook very fast in the heat. About 2 minutes will do.
The sauce will get thickens, while the prawn cooked in it.
Off the heat , it's done.
Copyright © 2019 Cookings By Maria. All Rights Reserved.


In this project, we will be building a simple solar tracker capable of detecting the most optimal position of the sun on one axis and adjusting itself accordingly. The goal is to create a control loop which will be able to accurately position a solar panel toward the sun.
In this project, I wanted to use a stepper motor (28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor) for the purpose of showing the use of a stepper motor library and some of its functionality.
The connections for this project are not very tricky. The stepper motor is connected through the controller (typically included with it) to the Arduino. The arduino pins used in my case are 9, 10, 11 and 12. The controller has a 5 female socket which accommodates the stepper motor connector. The photo resistors are connected in series with the 220ohm resistors across the 5v rail and the GND. The signals which we are interested in are connected between the photo resistors and the 220 ohm resistors. The signals are connected back to the A0 and A1 pins on the Arduino Board.
The two major components of the program are the servo control and the photo resistor positioning loop.
The first step is to initialize a few variables we will be using in the program. We will be using two analog pins: A0 and A1. The raw values of an analog read, will be stored in the following two integers. The "Pct" integers will be used to store the percentage of light the sensors are receiving. The degreeChange variable is used for the positioning control loop which we will cover later. Lastly, a CustomStepper is initialized for the purpose of controlling the stepper motor which will drive the solar panel.
In this section, we start off by initializing the Serial communication followed by the stepper motor parameters. The first one is the RPM which will be used for the stepper. It can be changed to a different value depending on the application, but I found that 5 works quite well for my setup. The setSPR function is used to set the number of steps per revolution for the motor. This value is derived from the gearing ratio of the motor.
Inside of the loop function, we start off by reading the analog pins which we use for the photo resistors. These values are then converted to a percentages through the map function. The next line computes the degreeChange variable which is used to control the number of degrees the solar panel will be adjusted for. The greater the difference between the two sensors, the greater of a move we will be making with our control loop.
The Serial lines you see below are mostly used for troubleshooting purposes. I've used them to report the values read on the sensors in order to make sure that light is properly captured and converted into percentages.
This section of the code is the main control loop. The first condition we are looking for is the "No sun present" which occurs when both sensors are reading below 30%. In this case, no adjustment will be made to the position of the stepper motor by the arduino. The second condition determines if the right sensor has more light shining on it than the left one. If this is true, the stepper would be turning in the counter clockwise direction. Otherwise, the stepper would be turned in the opposite (clockwise) direction.
The final segment contains the functions outlined above. Both of these functions are used to rotate the motor clockwise or counter clockwise. The motor would be moving until the rotation has been completed entierly.
At the end of this project, you would have a fully functioning prototype (or full installation) of a solar tracker. You should now be able to work with a stepper motor as well as photo resistors.
Make sure to update me with any projects you've built!
Hi. Good information and a good step to get my feet wet with arduino and sun trackers.
Where Can I find the schematic for this project?
Enjoyed building the sun tracker. I am interested in adding another stepper motor to rotate the solar cell as well. I have already built the device and while researching code, I found yours. Thank you. Worked out well. Any ideas for say adding another axis to the project?
I tried to upload the program directly to my Arduino Uno but I couldn't because of some errors that I don't know how to rectify it … please help me with the right program and schematic.
Could you please post the errors? Here or anywhere else with a link?
Hi … I performed this with the same program but unfortunately, the motor is only vibrating rather than rotating so I feel really disappointed. I changed the motor driver and motor as well as Arduino board but still motor not functioning… Please help me with this …. I am looking forward to hearing some suspicions.
Can you send a serial output to see the target position of the motor? What does that give you?
Pls can you send the circuit diagram and cost outline for the project to me. I will very much appreciate a response. Thanks.
Hi Cosmos, unfortunately, I no longer have the schematic for this project. That being said, it shouldn't be extremely difficult to figure out from the video… Sorry about that.


text:
Distribution of larval billfishes (Xiphiidae and Istiophoridae) in the Indo-Pacific with special reference to the collections made by the Danish Dana expedition
Jones, S and Kumaran, M (1964) Distribution of larval billfishes (Xiphiidae and Istiophoridae) in the Indo-Pacific with special reference to the collections made by the Danish Dana expedition. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Scombroid Fishes, Part 1; MBAI, 12-15 January 1962, Mandapam.
Article_25.pdf
The life history and biology of billfishes have been engaging increasing attention of fishery workers in recent years primarily owing to the potential importance of this group of fishes in the development of oceanic fisheries. Of the two families, Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae comprising the billfishes, the taxonomy of the former is still in a state of confusion while the latter comprise of only a single species viz., Xiphias gladius which is widely distributed in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Five species of istiophorids viz.,Istiophorus gladius, Tetrapturus angustirostris, Istiompax indicus, Makaira mazara and Makaira audax are definitely known to' occur in the Indo-Pacific. Larvae of all these have been reported, mostly from the Pacific by Japanese workers, while the records from the Indian Ocean are comparatively few.
Distribution; Larval billfishes; Xiphiidae; Istiophoridae; Indo-Pacific Danish Dana expedition
Demersal Fishes > Bill Fishes
Geetha P Mrs


Partly cloudy this evening, then becoming cloudy after midnight. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible. Low 61F. Winds SW at 5 to 10 mph..
Partly cloudy this evening, then becoming cloudy after midnight. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible. Low 61F. Winds SW at 5 to 10 mph.
Spring weather brings an increase in projects that may require digging or excavation work around your home or business. Before you start digging on any project, the Missouri Public Service Commission reminds homeowners and businesses to call 811 or 1-800-DIG-RITE (344-7483) or go online to place a locate request at www.mo1call.com so that underground utilities can be marked.
Whether you are planting a tree, building a deck or completing a large project, Missouri law requires anyone digging underground to call 811 or 1-800-DIG-RITE at least three working days before excavation begins. The call will be taken by the Missouri One Call Center, which then notifies all relevant utilities in the project area.
Hitting an underground line can cause serious injury, it could disrupt service to you and other customers and it could potentially result in fines and repair costs.
For more information, please go to Missouri One Call at www.mo1call.com.


text:
County History
First Families of Ottawa County
Surname Exchange
For Sale Publications
Digitized Exponent
Ottawa County Towns & Places
Ottawa County History
Ottawa County, Ohio, was created on March 6, 1840, from portions of Erie County, Lucas County and Sandusky County. The county was named for the Ottawa Indians who inhabited the area and traded furs and skins with early settlers. The name Ottawa comes from their language which means "trader".
The west end of the county was one of the last areas to be settled as it was in the eastern end of the Great Black Swamp, as the swamp was almost uninhabitable due to disease and the difficulty of travel. Whereas the far eastern part of the county was part of the Firelands which was acreage set aside as restitution for residents of the Connecticut towns whose homes were burned by British forces during the Revolutionary War and part of the larger Connecticut Western Reserve.
Ottawa County is the largest county of Ohio's 88 counties due to its borders extending out into Lake Erie and encompassing the islands that make up one of its twelve townships, Put-in-Bay. The other eleven townships are Allen, Bay, Benton, Carroll, Catawba Island, Clay, Danbury, Erie, Harris, Portage and Salem. The County Seat is located in Port Clinton.
The county was settled by various immigration groups. Those of German ancestry settled in the western portion. These were mainly farmers that drained the swamp and created highly productive farmland. The French were the fishermen and trappers settling along Lake Erie shores and the county's many waterways and marshlands. The Danish were in the minority cultivating the orchards as fruit growers on the islands and Catawba peninsula. The Slovaks were the immigrants that worked the many quarries that dot the county. It is currently a diverse county as is much of the United States.
The famous battle of the War of 1812 was fought off the county's shores, the Battle of Lake Erie with Commodore Perry being the victor. Johnson's Island was the location of a prison camp for Confederate soldiers during the war of rebellion also known as the Civil War.
The county has several historic sites, museums, libraries, lighthouses, and an arboretum and garden estate.