text:
Parent's of teen left permanently disabled claim HPV vaccine was the cause of her illness
in Health / International / News / UK News —
Zara Beattie was once a promising football player. She is now in a wheelchair, following a vaccination. Her parent's say the jab caused her illness.
A teenager from Cumbria has been left permanently disabled and "feeling like an 80 year old" after having the HPV vaccine, it has been reported.
Zara Beattie, 13, from Wigan was once a promising football and netball player.
However, she began began struggling for breath in a PE lesson in January last year soon after having the vaccine.
Initially, her family thought she may have had asthma but soon Zara started having other health problems, such as heart palpitations, dizziness, weakness and tiredness.
She was then diagnosed with PoTS – postural tachycardia syndrome – which makes her heart race. Shortly after that she was unable to leave the house without a wheelchair and is home-schooled. Even eating a simple meal leaves her tired and weak.
Her mum, Anthea who is a nurse, and her husband Ian, 54, an engineer, believe Zara's condition was triggered by the vaccine.
Anthea said in an interview with the Daily Mail: "I have been a nurse for 30 years and I have never heard or seen anything like this before. There are so many young girls now who are in the same position. I don't believe it is a coincidence. Zara played football and she was very fit. She was full of life. She was a very active girl with a nice circle of friends.
"Now all that has changed. She has horrendous heart palpitations and horrific pain – chest pain, severe headaches and sometimes whole body pain. On a bad day the poor girl can't even stand up. She will stay in bed all day and crawl to the toilet. She's got a stool by the sink for when she cleans her teeth.
"It has been horrendous. She said to me, 'Mum, I would rather be dead than like this'. She is 13 and she said, 'I feel like somebody put me in an 80-year-old's body'.' Everything is so much effort for her – she has no energy whatsoever. If we do do something it knocks her out for three days afterwards. She is like a little old lady."
Zara was vaccinated with Gardasil at The Nelson Thomlinson School in Wigton in October 2015. She has since been treated for PoTS at University of Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary where doctors are unable to say what caused her illness. The vaccine is routinely offered to schoolgirls aged 12 and 13 and more than eight million across the UK have been vaccinated in the past eight years.
When interviewed by reporters, Zara said she has crippling headaches and severe muscle and joint pain.
She said that she was worried about her future: " My friends are choosing their GCSEs and they're concerned about what they're going to do. I don't know how I'm going to be in five minutes let alone five years. It has changed everything. I don't want anyone else to have to deal with what I'm going through."
However, health authorities around the world claim the jab protects girls from cervical cancer and is not linked to any chronic disease.
But Ms Beattie, a Macmillan hospice nurse, is among a growing group of skeptics calling for better information for parents and more research into the vaccination. They are one of 400 families supposedly represented by the UK Association of Vaccine Injured Daughters, which campaigns for the government to review the effects of some jabs.
Ms Beattie said: "The drug company are adamant that there are no side effects but that is rubbish. I want them to come and see my daughter who used to play football and run around, and used to have a life."
In December 2016, another teenager, 16 year old Ruby Shallom was left paralysed in three limbs and in hospital on a drip after having the vaccination as part of a routine NHS programme.
Just weeks after being vaccinated, she started suffering from dizziness, pain and fatigue and is virtually bed-bound. She also lost sensation in both legs.
Doctors claim they were unable to find evidence of disease and said that Ruby's condition was all in her mind and purely psychological.
China vaccine crisis as thousands of children…
Disabled child imprisoned by US authorities
I has suffered for Human papillomavirus HPV) for 2years, I was given some tablets at the hospital but I refused to take it, They said I have to be on it for life so I don't want take a drugs everyday for life. No point in taking medicine everyday when u won't get cure from it and I was advice to seek for natural herbal cure, after some time I found dr unuareghe is the most trustful herbalist that have herbs to cure wicked symptom's,I emailed dr unuareghe, for 2weeks been his patient he cured my (HPV) with his herbal. I only used his natural herbs for two weeks it was 100% cure. I'm not (HPV) patient anymore. I'm happy about it i finally got cured out of this mess been in my body for 2years. I also recommend you if you're living with (HPV) or herpes symptoms i also want you to be free contact dr unuareghe with the email attach to my post dr.unuareghecuringhome@gmail.com you call or whatsapp his number +2349067894643


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Biography of George F. Moore
The professional politician, clamorous, aggressive and spectacular, may appear more often in public and in the public print that the quiet, unassuming, judicious business man who takes a patriotic interest in politics because of the effect of politics on the prosperity of the people, but he is usually not so potent a factor in political movement and his influence is not so lasting, because it is likely to be exerted spasmodically, when the politician has in view some alluring official reward for political service, and it loses part of its effect upon the public because the public is always a little in doubt as to its disinterestedness. Yet the able man of affairs who does not seek office is often taken from his desk and given important public responsibilities because the people know that he will discharge them with an eye single to the public good. One of the most conspicuous examples of this kind in Idaho was in the election of Hon. George F. Moore to the office of lieutenant governor in 1896.
George F. Moore was born in Lewisburg, Preble county Ohio, March 9, 1861, a son of Newton and Belle L. (Fall) Moore, natives of Ohio. The family removed to Kansas in 1868 and thence to Colorado in 1877. Newton G. Moore died ten years after that, aged about fifty-two. His widow lives at Wallace, Idaho. Hon. George F. Moore gained a common-school education in Kansas, and after the family went to Colorado helped his father in a freighting enterprise in which he was engaged there for a time. Later he mined and devoted himself to different enterprises with good success until 1891 when he came to Wallace and established a business in the furniture line, which he has built up to such a notable success that he now has the largest store and the largest stock of household goods in the city.
For the last twelve years Mr. Moore has been an earnest supporter of the principles of the People's party and his intelligent efforts for its success have not been without recognized results. In 1896 he was elected lieutenant governor of Idaho on the People's Democratic ticket, by a plurality of five thousand five hundred votes, and filled that important office in 1897-8. Through his political prominence and through his membership in the orders of the Free Masons. Knights of Pythias and Modern Woodmen of the World and of the Knights of Labor he has gained a wide acquaintance with the leaders of thought and action throughout Idaho and adjoining states, and his hearty interest in the welfare of Idaho and her people has made him very popular wherever he is known.
Moore,
Lewisburg Ohio, Preble County OH,
Illustrated History of the State of Idaho . Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Company. 1899.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


SUZHOU, December 8, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Adagene Inc. announced today the closing of an $8 million Series A financing with backing from Fidelity Biosciences, a leading investor in innovative world-class healthcare technologies; Fidelity Asia Growth, a leading investor in global innovative companies in Asia; and WuXi Venture Fund, the investment arm of WuXi PharmaTech, a leading open-access R&D capability and technology platform company serving the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries, with operations in China and the United States.
Adagene is addressing two fundamental challenges within biologics research and development—vastly expanding the available antibody space and significantly enhancing the developability and drug-like qualities of antibody therapeutic leads. This next-generation technology opens previously un-addressable complex target classes to mono-specific and IgG-like bi-specific antibodies.
Located in China, Adagene is positioned to become a global leader in novel antibody therapeutic discovery. Since incorporating in 2011, Adagene has created an expanding portfolio of highly developable libraries with high fidelity between design and construction, and diversity in excess of 1011.
A core component of the company's business strategy is to partner with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies committed to the next generation of therapeutic antibodies to create truly innovative products. Consistent with this strategy, Adagene is entering into multiple partnerships with top-tier multinational companies for discovery and development of first-in-class antibody therapeutics. Adagene is also committed to developing an internal pipeline focused on novel immune checkpoint targets and target combinations.
"We are thrilled with Adagene's progress since its founding and are excited to be active participants in shaping the biopharmaceutical industry driven by technological breakthroughs," said Daniel Auerbach, Managing Partner/Senior Managing Director of Fidelity Growth Partners Asia.
"Adagene embodies the concept of world-class innovation, harnessing a depth of cutting-edge technology and resources to build a disruptive force to transform biopharmaceutical drug discovery and development," said Thomas Beck, MD, Executive Partner, Fidelity Biosciences.


GUILLEM BALAGUE claims Manchester United are chasing Real Madrid star James Rodriguez.
And their transfer chase could come up trumps as the Spanish football expert claims Rodriguez wants to leave the Bernabeu.
United have also been linked with a move for long-term target Toni Kroos.
But Balague is unsure whether Real chiefs will let the German go.
This summer is a crucial one for Real as it's the last window they can buy players in for a year.
The club have been handed a two-window transfer ban for their dealings with young players.
Balague added: "With Real Madrid's transfer ban, the club wants to be able keep most of their players and raise money through selling the potential sale of James.
"Let's also see what happens with Cristiano Ronaldo but Toni Kroos decided early in the season that he wanted to move on.
"It's a very difficult one because as we've said before today Real do not have a determined strategy for transfers yet.
"Will Kroos be able to leave? We will have to wait and see."


Gladys Opal Hill, 97, of Modesto, died Friday, March 5, 1999, at Arbor Valley Convalescent Hospital. Mrs. Hill was a native of Nardin, Oklahoma. She lived in Modesto 13 years. She was a homemaker.
She is survived by her children, Bill Hill of Apple Valley; George Hill of Shawnee, Oklahoma, Jane Smithers of Harris, Oklahoma, Paul Hill of Oklahoma City, Phil Hill of Bethel Island, and Martha Melvin of Modesto; sister, Lanore Bullard of Midwest City, Oklahoma; and 26 grandchildren, 16 great-grandchildren, 11 great-great-grandchildren and seven great-great-great-grandchildren.
No local services were held. Burial services were held at Sunnylane Cemetery, Del City, Oklahoma.


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Gender & Interpellation
In Judith Butler's essay, "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory", Gender is described as an "'act', broadly construed, which constructs the social fiction of its own psychological identity" (528); By using the performative elements of an actor in a theatre as a model of interpreting gender, Butler illustrates genderas what is 'put on' in the spectacle of one's life, both, physically and psychologically. The body, consequently, becomes an actor playing the role, with a script "conditioned and circumscribed by historical convention" (521); depending on one's sex, society asserts specific modes of 'acting', which have been passed down historically from generation to generation.
Butler states that "the various acts of gender creates the idea of gender […] a construction that regularly conceals its genesis" (522); In this cycle of creation, genderexpresses notions of repetition and rehearsal, which seems to closely relate to Louis Althusser's conception of 'interpellation'. We are 'interpellated' into gender, "embodying certain cultural and historical possibilities" (521) that appear ubiquitous in our surrounding world; we mimic what we see, and somehow, we validate our gender roles through it. Retrospectively, our bodies experience "a complicated process of appropriation" (521), an assimilation of 'acts' bestowed upon us, subconsciously, by the societies and cultures that we have been raised into. Sex and gender happen to be very dissimilar, "gender is the cultural significance that the sexed body assumes" (524); in this distinction, sex is closely related to the physiological and biological materiality of the body, whereas, gender can be understood through a psychological lens, an embodiment of social construct, an 'interpellation'. "The gender reality is created through sustained social performances means that the very notions of an essential sex, a true or abiding masculinity or femininity, are also constituted as part of the strategy by which the performative aspect of gender is concealed" (528), writes Butler; sex and gender become closely related in an attempt to amalgamate the 'masculine' and 'feminine' to their respective bodies, a "social policy of gender regulation and control" (528).
"The association of natural sex with a discrete gender […] is an unnatural conjunction of cultural constructs in the service of reproductive interests" (524); it seems evident that gender has become most 'necessary' within the realm of kinship and consumerism. Gender is, therefore, a mode of production, a façade, a reproduction of exterior ideology, an unnatural garment of survival within society.
Althusser, Louis. "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, "A Critical and Cultural Reader. Eds. Anthony Easthope and Kate McGowan. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988. 50-57.
Butler, Judith. "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory", in Theatre Journal, Volume 40 Issue 4, Dec. 1988. 519-53.


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Never was any pirate so cruel, than the old Irish pirate, Shillelagh O'Toole!
This was a little commission piece, created to illustrate the front cover of a pirate folk song, written by the very talented Robert Palomo.
And being he was an Irish pirate, I've used some shades of emerald green on all of his clothing, but this also aids in making him stand out against a primarily brown backdrop – perfect for small phone and iPod screens!
In his hand is his weapon of choice, the dreaded blackthorn shillelagh, and top his shoulder rides a rather squawky (and probably unstable) parrot! If you look carefully, there's also a little crab hiding out in his pocket.
To complete the scene, we've a circle of rather trembly arms that belong to an extremely scared ship crew, each brandishing a weapon!


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Ipperwash
July 14, 2005 by Graeme MacKay
Editorial Cartoon by Graeme MacKay, The Hamilton Spectator – Thursday July 14, 2005
'Redneck' Harris irked OPP inspector
Former Ontario premier Mike Harris was a "redneck" who wanted speedy action to remove native protesters from Ipperwash Provincial Park, but was resigned to proceeding through the courts, a judicial inquiry was told yesterday.
OPP Insp. Ron Fox testified yesterday he was paged to a noon-hour meeting at Queen's Park on Sept. 6, 1995, the same day Dudley George was killed during a skirmish between police and protesters who'd moved into the park two days earlier.
At the meeting was the-then Conservative premier, his attorney general, solicitor general, natural resources minister and their deputy ministers.
In a subsequent call to the police commander at the Ipperwash standoff, John Carson, Fox warned police were dealing "with a real redneck government."
"They are f . . . barrel suckers. They just are in love with guns. There's no question they don't give a sh . . less about Indians," he said in the recorded call played yesterday at the Ipperwash inquiry.
During the meeting, Harris criticized police for not taking immediate action when the natives moved into the park and suggested it would be raised at a later inquiry, Fox said. (Hamilton Spectator)
Posted in: Ontario Tagged: indigenous, Inquiry, Ipperwash, Mike Harris, Ontario, wash, wipe


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NBA DFS Analytics: June 4th and 5th
1) Welcome to our FREE NBA DFS Newsletter! It's playoff time and we can't wait to bring you some value. Below you will find:
- Some Quick Hitters on the days games.
- Our Playoff Blueprint, with DFS plays we like from various price ranges and some ideas for lineup construction strategy.
- Our Projection Tables, which offer a sneak peak at our FULL Player projections, which can be found in our AC+ NBA Newsletter.
- Monkey Knife Fight Plays of the day, you can learn more about Monkey Knife Fight here.
Good Luck Tonight! If you have any questions reach out to us on Twitter!
2) Today's write ups cover BOTH the June 4th game (LAC-DAL) and the June 5th game (MIL-BKN). This is because DraftKings offers classic competitions spanning both days.
3) We are hosting the Official Standings for the Clockwork Sports NBA Playoff Challenge on our website! Compete for a chance to win $25 cash, Clockwork sports VIP access for the NBA finals, or an NBA TopShot moment! Learn more here.
QUICK HITTERS (6/4-6/5)
- Today's main slate features 2 games. Nobody is on a back to back.
- As of this writing, the game with the highest over/under is MIL v BKN at 239.5 points. The game with the lowest over/under is LAC v DAL at 216.5 points.
PLAYOFF BLUEPRINT
Welcome to our brand new section for the NBA Playoffs! This section will provide you with a full breakdown (or 'blueprint') of both players and strategies we like for tonight's games. Our goal is for this section to replace our usual 'Need to Know' and 'Core Plays' sections, as there is typically much less injury news in the playoffs and we want to focus in more on matchups and lineup construction!
Tonight's Lineup Construction:
This sub-section will briefly breakdown lineup construction strategies to consider for tonight's slate. Are there high tier must plays? Is there a ton of cheap value? Should you go Stars and Scrubs? Etc.
You'll notice that the top guy from each tier is a Bucks player; that's because the Nets play at a fast pace and aren't a great defensive team, especially in the paint. I'll be hunting MIL players that are able to attack the paint and use their size to exploit BKN's defense, because I think that's what their game plan will be in game 1. Other than the Bucks guys, I think the other thing to exploit here is the potential Boban start. If he starts again, I think you have to get him into your lineup. He'll probably return value, and he allows you to spend up on some other guys in that top-tier.
Tier 1 ($8,000 +)
Each of the following tiers will provide our top 2-3 value plays (depending on how many games there are) of the night from within the specified price range.
Note: We will be using DraftKings prices for the price-range classifications. This free newsletter will provide our second and third favorite play(s) from each tier!
For our FULL PLAYOFF BLUEPRINT, which includes all our favorite plays from each tier, start your 1 week free trial of our AC Plus membership today!
2. Kawhi Leonard ($9,600)
With his back up against the wall, in what is literally a must-win game, I think Kawhi shows out. He heard the noise in the bubble about his lack of clutchness and leadership, and I think he will attack early and often tonight to make a statement. He should take tons of shots, and he should have an extra level of urgency in game 6 knowing that he has to win to stay alive. With Kawhi STILL under the 10k threshold, I find it really hard not to like him in this top-tier.
3. James Harden ($10,900)
James Harden has clearly loved playing for the BKN nets this postseason; unlike his run with the Rockets, he has multiple teammates he can depend on in big moments, and the entire offensive scheme doesn't rest on his shoulders. It's allowed him to pick his spots more, and he's been truly dominant. He's a triple-double threat every night, and I expect him to come out ready for game 1 - he's probably the most rested he's ever been in a second round playoff series (if you don't know what I'm talking about, watch some old film of him in the playoffs with HOU).
Tier 2 ($5,000-$7,900)
2. Marcus Morris ($5,100)
Dallas went to a zone for a good part of the 1st and 3rd quarters in game 5 and it opened up lots of threes for Marcus Morris and some of the other periphery guys. I expect DAL to go back to the zone with Boban in the game, and I think it will continue to open up shooting opportunities for Morris. Given his price tag, and the minutes he's locked in for, I think you're getting solid value for Morris at the bottom end of this middle tier.
3. Tim Hardaway ($6,100)
Remember when Kristaps was supposed to be Luka's sidekick? Well, that guy has turned into Tim Hardaway Jr. He's scored more than 20 points in 3 of the 5 games this series, and I think he'll see some openings tonight in the offense as the Clippers try to react to Luka's ridiculous game 5 performance. If the Mavs are going to close out this game, they'll have to rely on someone other than Luka to have a big performance, and that guy will definitely have to be Tim Hardaway.
2. Boban Marjanovic ($3,000) *IF he starts*
Boban started the last game and played 20 minutes, putting up 9 and 7. He played pretty well while he was in there and was able to cover lots of ground in the zone, so I could see the Mavs going back to Boban again tonight. And if they do, you're getting excellent value for Boban at the price minimum; he barely has to do anything to return value, which he would likely be able to do in even 15 minutes.
3. Bobby Portis ($4,000)
This is a risky play (because I don't know what his minutes will look like), but I think Portis has a chance to be a big part of this series. BKN likes to go small, and I could definitely see Portis fulfilling that small ball 4 or 5 man, matching up with someone like Blake Griffin or Bruce Brown. He allows for more switching on defense, and he adds another guy offensively that can go get his shot. If I had to guess, Portis will see slightly more minutes than last series.
For our FULL PLAYOFF BLUEPRINT, which includes OUR TOP PLAY from each tier, start your 1 week free trial of our AC Plus membership today!
TODAY'S PROJECTION TABLES
Viewable top 10 tables for projected +- (value), projected points, projected ownership and price discrepancies. Tables available for both Draftkings and Fanduel.
6/4 AC Projection Tables
NBA PLAYOFF MKF PLAYS OF THE DAY
Hey Everyone! If you haven't already, be sure to get set up with an account for the playoffs. MKF is one way to make these playoff games even more entertaining and it's super simple to play!
Kawhi Leonard MORE than 30.5 Points
In a game with his back up against the wall, and after a year in which he was disappointing in important playoff games, I think Kawhi Leonard comes to play tonight. He's gotten basically whatever he's wanted this series against whoever's been guarding him, and I expect him to REALLY exploit those matchups tonight in what is a very important game for his legacy.
James Harden MORE than 10.5 Assists
Harden has gotten whatever he's wanted in these playoffs so far, and no matter who's guarding him in this series, I expect him to get whatever he wants again. Against a Bucks team that is excellent at defending the paint, I expect Harden to get by his guy and do A LOT of kicking out to shooters; the way to combat MIL's size and length is to make them close out to great shooters on the perimeter multiple times in a possession, and I think Harden will be a key in that sense.
If you sign-up here and use the promo code AC, your first deposit will be 100% matched (up to $50). That means if you deposited an initial $25 and used our link/code, you'd be credited with an additional FREE $25 to use on the site!
SIGN UP FOR MKF
Promo Code: AC
Each days newsletter will be posted no later than 2 hours before the main slate of games tips-off, see you tomorrow!
← Back to NBA DFS Analytics


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


An academic and a French MP have announced plans to publish online the famous diary of Anne Frank, with the organisation holding publication rights threatening legal action.
University of Nantes lecturer Olivier Ertzscheid told AFP Wednesday that the planned January 1 publication date in the diary's original Dutch would be after the "Diary of a Young Girl" falls within public domain. European copyright law dictates that a book become public domain on the first day of January 70 years after the author's death.
Anne Frank, who penned the historic diary during World War II, died at the age of 15 in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945. Her diary is one of the primary pieces of literature detailing life in Nazi-era Europe, with more than 30 million copies sold since its publication in 1947.
Ertzscheid, who describes himself as a "activist" when it comes to public domain, calls the pushback against publication "appalling", adding that anti-Semitic works such as Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" will enter public domain on Friday.
The researcher had in October published on his website two French versions of the book, only to take them down after the Livre du Poche publisher sent a formal notice stating that copyright for translators was still in effect.
French parliament member Isabelle Attard also plans to publish the book in its original Dutch on January 1.
The Anne Frank Fund, based in Basel, Switzerland, holds the rights to publication and told AFP that it had sent a letter threatening legal action if the diary was published.
"Under Dutch copyright law, a work first published posthumously before 1995 remains protected for 50 years after the initial publication," the fund said in a statement on its website. It said a decision by a Dutch court on 23rd December confirmed that the book would remain covered by copyright.
Attard criticised the move as a "question of money", adding that if the work was in the public domain Frank would win "even more renown".
The Anne Frank Fund, founded by her father Otto Frank, says it uses money from the sale of Frank's books and licenses for a wide range of charitable purposes.


The Number Insight API gives you real-time information about phone numbers worldwide. There are three levels available: Basic, Standard and Advanced.
The Advanced level provides you with the most comprehensive data to help protect your organization from fraud and spam. Unlike the Basic and Standard levels, you can also access the Advanced API asynchronously via a webhook.
In this tutorial, you create a simple RESTful web service in Node.js and Express that accepts a phone number and returns insight information about the number when it becomes available.
Create the project - create a Node.js/Express application.
Install the nexmo package - add Nexmo capabilities to your project.
Expose your application to the Internet - use ngrok to enable Nexmo to access your application via a webhook.
Create the basic application - build the basic functionality.
Create the aysnchronous request - call the Number Insight Advanced API.
Create the webhook - write the code that processes the incoming insight data.
Test the application - see it in action!
Press [Enter] to accept each of the defaults.
When the Number Insight API finishes processing your request, it alerts your application via a webhook. The webhook provides a mechanism for Nexmo's servers to communicate with yours.
For your application to be accessible to Nexmo's servers, it must be publicly available on the Internet. A simple way to achieve this during development and testing is to use ngrok, a service that exposes local servers to the public Internet over secure tunnels. See this blog post for more details.
This creates public URLs (HTTP and HTTPS) for any web site that is running on port 5000 on your local machine.
Use the ngrok web interface at http://localhost:4040 and make a note of the URLs that ngrok provides: you need them to complete this tutorial.
If everything is working correctly, Getting information for 123456 displays in the terminal.
Now that your application can receive a phone number, you need to create the asynchronous request to the Number Insight Async API.
Then, extend the /insight/:number route to call the Number Insight API, passing in the number you are interested in and the URL of the webhook that deals with the response. You create the webhook in a later step.
The status field in the request body tells you if the operation was successful. A value of zero indicates success and a non-zero value indicates failure as described in the Number Insight API Reference documentation.
The handler logs the incoming JSON data to the console and sends a 204 HTTP response to Nexmo's servers.
HTTP Status Code 204 indicates that the server has successfully fulfilled the request and there is no additional content to send in the response payload body.
The Insight Advanced API does not provide any information about landlines that is not available in the Standard API.
Requests to the Insight API are not free. Consider using the ngrok dashboard to replay previous requests during development to avoid unnecessary charges.
In this tutorial, you created a simple application that uses the Number Insight Advanced Async API to return data to a webhook.
The tutorial did not cover some of the features specific to the Advanced API such as IP address matching, reachability and roaming status. Review the documentation to learn how to use these features.


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BestOldGames.net » Adventure games » Dizzy: Prince of the Yolkfolk
Dizzy: Prince of the Yolkfolk
Big Red Software
Animals, Puzzle elements
Rockwart the Troll has cast a spell on Daisy, leaving her asleep for 100 years. Dizzy sets off to put this right in a compact and concise arcade adventure following the conventions of the Dizzy series. You start the game trapped underground, thanks to the results of an errant spell, but can find your way out to explore the castle and find Daisy. There are stars to collect along the way, as well as food to replenish energy lost in contact with the many hazards. Succeed and you and Daisy will ride off into the sunset together.
Um ... There was an egg on the hike. The end. Even so, Dizzy can work for the uninitiated. It's hard to believe at first glance, but this game has become iconic and co-creates a historic mainstream of adventure games. The Dizzy in question originated in the year 1986. Someone in Codemasters must have been inventing a hero for a new game for too long, or his term was on fire, I can't explain how the obscure idea of reviving an egg could be born, get his limbs, face and hat and send him to save the world. However, Dizzy didn't do anything about reality, and as the years went by, 15 (in fifteen) Indiana Egg adventures gradually came out, and on the only fanite I visited to clarify the information, I found 29 mutations or a continuation of the game from fans. Over time, it may seem childish to roll an egg around a fairyland and help its inhabitants, but many tens of thousands of people have the opposite opinion. Let's see why:
Technical side (Eggus Columbus): It clearly only helped Dizzy. Precisely designed graphics (nice, colorful, detailed), accurate music, good gameplay and set difficulty from all sides support a relaxing, but not boring adventure. I remember that when I played Dizzy (1990) on my C64, it was one of 2-3 games that managed to 'bite' me and not let go until I finished them. Dizzy belongs to the so-called 'One-offs' - this means that you start the game, you have several lives, and when you pass them, game over, reload them. No SAVE, waypoints, help, nothing. Play as you know. Dizzy actually led me to hardcore gambling ...
The story is clear - the evil wizard Zaks has kidnapped your sweetheart (-.-) and you have to fix it. Of course, he wouldn't have been a certified evil wizard if he hadn't done at least a little annoyance to every resident of Yolkfolk. However, this plays into your carat, because for the correction of mischief, the inhabitants will do you a maid or give you an object. But in addition to adventure, Dizzy is a platformer. Many times you need to skip something and not get bored (don't lose your life), which keeps you constantly alert even for trivial tasks.
The whole game can be completed (if you already know what is where and what) in 20 minutes, but for the first time it will definitely be more hours. In Dizzym, gamebuilding was still in its infancy, so logical thinking can be replaced by perseverance or the all-in-all method. However, since the game is still intended primarily for younger students, they can at least correct it with diligence, which they do not know otherwise. Overall, Dizzy is excellent compared to similar games, and this is the ultimate reason why eggs with a hat line up with Guybrush Threepwood, Indiana Jones, Doralica or Brandon.
Reviewed by Anonym – 1. april 2014
If you like Dizzy: Prince of the Yolkfolk, you may also like:
Dizzy Series
Dizzy: Magicland
Dizzy: Fantasy World
Dizzy: Bubble
Kwik Snax


Large industrial Shredding/Crushing Plant has existed for many, many years to reduce a vast range of materials to a manageable size for further processing, direct use or general distribution. These will be seen in various forms at quarries, coal mining & coke preparation, sheet timber manufacturers, concrete and rubber reclamation and many other forms of material recycling including scrape cars & metalwork, wood & shrubbery, plastics, glass, paper & cardboard. Some are purpose built and others are produced for multi-uses with maybe a cutter change or with material feeding considerations. Being large pieces of equipment mobility is an important consideration being available for siting in permanent location, with caterpillar tracks for ability to move over rough terrain in quarries and the like or on semi-trailers, being ready to move to multiple sites with relative ease and speed. They are used individually or within complex conveyor system with grading and screening facilities.


Mobile casino LeoVegas UK (@LeoVegasUK) turned to Twitter and its mobile app promotion suite as it sought to explore new ways to acquire first-time paying players and drive high-quality installs of its app. More generally, @LeoVegasUK also wanted to use the platform to drive brand awareness.
@LeoVegasUK created a 30-second version of its TV ad that would be the core of its five-week Twitter campaign. This allowed the brand to effectively scale the TV ad to reach the target mobile audience. It combined this with Image and Video App Cards within Promoted Tweets to showcase examples of gaming content, and make it easy for users to download its app in one tap.
A key aspect of the campaign was that it was always-on. @LeoVegasUK made sure to align the copy and targeting of each Tweet to timely or topical events, such as football matches, TV shows like 'X-Factor' and "Strictly', and weekly trending hashtags like #MondayMotivation. This helped it to keep the messaging relevant and fresh.
1. Showcase the content of your app with Video App Cards.
Twitter's Video App Card allows advertisers to showcase great mobile content with a video ad. It creates a rich experience for the user and drives more qualified app installs and engagements. @LeoVegasUK took advantage of the Video App Card's customisable format to share targeted, timely copy and appealing video alongside a strong call to action.
2. Reach the right users with Twitter's robust targeting options.
The success of @LeoVegasUK's campaign was driven in part by the use of Twitter's sophisticated app targeting. @LeoVegasUK used @username, keyword targeting, and installed app category targeting to ensure the campaign message would reach an invested audience and people interested in gaming apps.
3. Set up your app download campaign for success with CPI bidding.
By choosing the cost-per-install bidding pricing model, @LeoVegasUK was one of the first UK advertisers to take advantage of Twitter's recently optimised mobile app campaign bidding options. This offers app marketers a new way to control download campaign budgets and effectively optimise based on a CPI target. It also allows brands to bid and pay for just the app install — ensuring that they only pay when their Twitter campaign achieves the desired results.
Campaign performance exceeded @LeoVegasUK's expectations, racking up over two million views of the Video App Card creative. CPI on Twitter was three times lower when compared with other online channels.
Award winning mobile casino and sports betting. Followers must be 18+. Please play responsibly - https://t.co/nQbyjdZUIa.
Twitter allows us to seize the moment. We were able to hijack high-volume search trends such as the new Bond movie, and engage in the user conversation...We were also able to target the working demographic through hashtags such as #MondayMotivation, which we were unable to do through other platforms.


What Is Porch? | Should Contractors Use Porch? | Is Porch Worth It?
What Is Porch and Should You Be On It?
A name that I've heard come up more and more in my conversations with home service companies is Porch. Porch is a relatively new company that lets users connect and review local home service contractors and browse photos of projects. It is a free service for homeowners to find those professionals and manage projects, entirely online. It was founded back in 2012, and has since taken off, due in large part to a multi-million dollar partnership with Lowe's nationwide.
Porch is similar to a few other sites out there, but has some unique features as well. But, at the end of the day, it's another lead gen company that has some associated costs – we've covered pay-per-lead companies before.
Porch combines a lot of features that you'd find on a number of different sites. You'll find ideas and photos for home improvement similar to what Pinterest provides. You can find the history of the work done at a home, similar to the history you'd see on a real estate site, such as a Zillow profile (in fact, Porch even had a partnership with Realtor.com to provide insight into the history of a home – however, the tool never gained traction). There's even a social function, tapping in to some of the successes of social media giants.
From the consumer's side, homeowners can first describe their project ("deck construction," for example). They then enter a timeline from within 48 hours to within a year, then enter details as to exactly what they're looking for. They can add a budget, and even upload relevant photos. The location of the project is then added, and then nearby contractors are alerted to the project. The homeowner can then chat directly with the individual contractors to discuss details. A pro can call, text or email the homeowner through the project page.
Porch charges contractors for the type of work that they want to do, and the zip codes they'd like to do it in. If a contractor wanted to build decks in a high-income zip code, they can advertise themselves that way. If an HVAC contractor wants to market new installs for new houses, they can set that up as well. Porch has a pricing model for each service and zip code.
One of the biggest draws to Porch is their partnership with Lowe's. The two companies struck a deal in 2014 that would have signs and kiosks all over Lowe's stores, and Lowe's employees would discuss the Porch platform to consumers looking for a pro. The basic advantage for Lowe's in this agreement was that, while they do offer some in-home services, they don't nearly cover every home improvement project. Lowe's wanted to provide an alternative for the services they weren't able to offer.
It appears to be a win-win for both parties, and in some places it's worked out quite well. However, there appear to be times where a Lowe's store isn't as well-versed in the Porch offering – the signage can be minimal, and the employees are not aware of what the partnership entails.
For homeowners, there's no reason not to check out Porch. It's free to use, and they'll get a number of options from different contractors. It can be a great way to approach a project, especially when they don't have a recommended contractor to help out.
Contractors may want to approach the platform with some caution though. The advantage of the Lowe's partnership appears to be case-by-case based on individual stores, and there have been some complaints that the leads they receive aren't in the zip codes they paid for, or for the services they offer. But, it is still relatively new, and which means there's some potential low-hanging fruit if your service area isn't occupied.
Ultimately, services like Porch can mean a boost in new business, buy you always remember to track its performance. What's the cost of the service? How much of a return are you getting? And remember, using Porch and other pay-per-lead services doesn't do anything for the digital equity of your brand, so it may only be a short-term fix.
Want to start building equity in your own brand instead? Start with a free website analysis!
About The Author: Ethan is a Business Development Associate in Blue Corona's Maryland office. Outside of the office, you'll find him golfing, at concerts, or a baseball game - if he's not parked on the couch watching TV and movies.


Many adult children run out of ideas that they can try with their elderly parents. Even if the parent is not able to get around anymore, many still enjoy taking wonderful photos. Windermere at-home care agencies recommend digging out that old camera and have a fun day photographing with your senior loved one this winter.
A tabletop studio is the perfect way to do photography at home. Creating one is incredibly easy. You will need a threefold school project board that is sold in the stationary department of most large department stores and one or two strobe lights like many home mechanics use in the garage. You will also need an object to photograph such as a pretty plate or a piece of jewelry. Start by laying the board down on a table so that the largest white area faces up in the middle of your table. One short piece should be held up at the back to block out anything behind your scene. Play with the lights so that you create the best lighting for your scene. Usually, you will want one light in front of the scene and another one overhead. Then, shoot away. Once you see the first images, do not be afraid to change everything.
Capturing a picture of your elderly parent can make a wonderful simple project. Start by having him or her get dressed in an outfit that he or she truly loves. Now, fix his or her makeup and hair. Spend the time to really pamper your loved one so that he or she feels special. Now, have your senior loved one sit in his or her favorite chair. Position a light behind the person taking the photo shining towards the parent to eliminate any shadows. The best photos usually have the eyes 1/3 of the way down in the viewfinder. Your senior will adore the day of pampering and having his or her photo taken.
Playing with photography in the house is a great way to get creative with an elderly parent that can no longer get around this winter. You can get creative with a tabletop studio or treat our loved one to a day of pampering finished off by taking his or her portrait. For more ideas to keep your loved one engaged this winter, contact Home Care Assistance at (407) 604-0506. Our comprehensive Windermere dementia, Alzheimer's and stroke care promotes vitality and longevity among aging seniors in order to boost overall wellbeing. Let us customize a unique care plan for your loved one when you call.


Lourry Legarde is a talented artist whose work encompasses a variety of mediums, from traditional oils to photography and digital paintings. Glowing with vibrant color and rich hues, her creations ring with emotion, while deftly capturing life's cherished moments.
Lourry began creating art at an early age and was always the designated artist even in grade school. " Art," she says, is something that's always been in me." Her techniques allow her to create awe-inspiring images that are products of her imagination and emotions. Also inspired by fellow craftsmen, she has fined tuned her personal style over the years.
Lourry's art is full of spontaneity, and she loves experimenting with various styles and techniques. Her work ranges from abstract and impressionism to realism, and varies depending on her frame of mind. She loves creating moody and dramatic scenes, believing the subliminal and magical qualities evoke strong emotional responses. She also enjoys rural landscapes, and when travelling keeps an eye out for farms and pastoral scenes. " I love barns and the old farm life settings, especially when coupled with autumn hues of red and gold."
Creating art is Lourry's passion. The complicated and sometimes arduous creative process, gives her great satisfaction. Lourry loves the competitive aspect of this business and also enjoys the financial rewards. " When my paintings speak to people and inspire them, that make me happy. And if someone likes my work well enough to purchase it, that's even better."
Lourry has partnered with Fine Art America to handle printing, framing, matting and all the other processes involved when a client makes an order. Being the leading printing companies in the world with more than 40 years in the business, Fine Art America have helped Lourry to deliver exceptional prints to clients. All you have to do is select your prints and choose the accessories you want them to have and then Fine Art will calculate the total costs of your order. Expect to have your prints within 1-5 days depending on your location. It's important for Lourry to ensure her clients orders are delivered on time because they come first.


Whether it was the Braunharts on my father's side or the Kreymborgs on my mother's side – I was beset with spelling issues when searching databases. Thanks to indexing issues as well as recording problems by people who wrote down these last names, or even my own relatives who provided a wide variety of spelling to those who recorded the info – this was a huge stumbling block.
For example, in newspapers, death certificates, census records, immigration records, etc. – Braunhart was spelled Braunhart, Braundardt, Braunhardt, Bramhart, Brownhart and even more varieties. Kreymborg was spelled, Kreyenborg, Kreymborg, Krymborg, Kreimberg, just to name a few.
So trying to find the right person was and still is a huge challenge.
You MUST not give up when searching for names that have a variety of spellings.Try all combinations that you can think of. Use wildcard (*) searches with just the first few letters. Try weird combinations of letters even though it doesn't make sense. Use Soundex searches as an alternative if the database allows it. With persistence you will be rewarded – I guarantee it. It may take months or even years to find the right combination of letters in order to find the family name. For census searches try searching with just the first names of both spouses , especially if you know the location. This will enable you at least to not have hundreds and thousands of hits (results) to search through. DO NOT GIVE UP.
This was the only way that I could find all the Braunhart records that I did. And was the only way that I found my great grandmother Carolena Kreymborg and her sister Bertha's immigration records. Those records had different spellings that were far different than their "real names". And trust me – their "real names" were not always the same.
I have also run across various spellings, but have noticed that Kreinberg seems to be one of the earliest variants.
Thanks Grant. I have seen this spelling also. But yours is the most common I think.


text:
Charles Graham Drinkwater (22. února 1875, Montréal, Québec, Kanada – 27. září 1946) byl kanadský lední hokejista.

Kariéra
Než se stal jedním z prvních profesionálních hokejistů, hrál hokej i americký fotbal. Vstoupil do fotbalového klubu Université McGill v Montréalu, ale v roce 1895 se definitivně rozhodl pro Victorias Montréal, se kterým pětkrát vyhrál Stanley Cup.

Posmrtně, v roce 1950, byl uveden do hokejové síně slávy.

Klubové statistiky

Reference

Externí odkazy

Kanadští lední hokejisté
Narození v roce 1875
Úmrtí v roce 1946
Muži
Narození v Montréalu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Flag SEEN not working with Yahoo! Mail? I am using the JavaMail API to fetch mails. Earlier today I succeeded in doing so with Gmail. Now I tried Yahoo Mail and it worked too.
One problem though:
It doesn't show if the mail has been read or not correctly. I have a mailbox full of mails that have been read, though the application says I haven't.
I use this to determine if a mail that is fetched, have been read or not:
 String isRead = (message[i].getFlags().contains(Flags.Flag.SEEN) ? "Yes" : "No");

It works with Gmail. Just not with Yahoo Mail.
Anyone got any idea why this might be?

A: Uh, Yahoo mail is broken?
If you set the flag, does it stay set?
You believe the message have been read by looking at the web mail interface, right?  Does setting the flag change anything in the web mail interface?

A: What protocols are you using? I know Gmail supports IMAP so I assume that is what you are using there. Does Yahoo? If they only support POP3 then the flags won't work because POP3 doesn't support flags.
Try seeing what Folder.getPermanentFlags() returns.


Here it is finally! The much awaited trailer for The Hunger Games: Catching Fire has surfaced online with much gusto from fans around the world. This sequel with a much more intriguing plot surely will make your heart rate raise to the maximum as Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark are once again thrown into the drama of the Quarter Quell.
We also have in our hands recently the released photos of the duo in their Victory Tour accompanied by Effie and one that features a very emotional Katniss.
Catching Fire is the second book in The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. As the sequel to the 2008 bestseller The Hunger Games, it continues the story of Katniss Everdeen and the fictional, futuristic nation of Panem. Following the events of the previous novel, a rebellion against the oppressive Capitol has begun, and Katniss and fellow tribute Peeta Mellark are forced to return to the arena in a special edition of the Hunger Games. The book was released September 1, 2009, and was later released in eBook and audiobook format. The film will be released on November 22, 2013.
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire premieres on November 11, 2012 and will be released internationally on November 22.


Used Kelly Duplex 16 Cu Ft Stainless Steel Paddle Blender. Stainless steel construction, 27" wide x 48" long trough, outboard roller bearings, packing glands, top cover, 7" x 7" center bottom outlet with manually operated slide gate, chain and sprocket driven with 10 Hp 230/460B gearhead drive, 32" discharge height. Delivery Time: Immediate.


Apps Missing from the Market?
Discussion in 'Motorola Droid' started by jakedeg, Nov 6, 2009.
I am looking for Layar in the Market, but can't find it anywhere. What's going on? Are we not seeing the full catalog? Can anyone else find it on their Droid?
Thanks for the tip. When I scan the QR Code, it links to the market with a search for "pname:com.layar" which is essentially what I was already searching and I am getting the same "no matches found" search screen.
Well I know the developers can specify what OS's their apps are compatible with so the market knows which to display.
Guess you need to wait for Layar to update with 2.0 compatibility?
You can also make it to where you can install other apps. Settings > Applications > Unknown Sources, I think that will allow you to install older one, but have yet to try it, will soon though.


text:
About Shasta >
Alpha & Omega 2017
2 Thessalonians 2:13, A Rapture Passage?
George Gunn (Shasta Bible College, Redding, CA)
Ἡμεῖς δὲ ὀφείλομεν εὐχαριστεῖν τῷ θεῷ πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν, ἀδελφοὶ ἠγαπημένοι ὑπὸ κυρίου, ὅτι εἵλατο ὑμᾶς ὁ θεὸς ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας,
"But we ought to thank God always for you, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you, a firstfruit, for deliverance by the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth."
2 Thessalonians 2:13, though frequently cited in theological works as a proof text for the soteriological doctrine of election, is probably best understood eschatologically as descriptive of God's promise to deliver the church from the persecution and worldwide judgments of the Day of the Lord by means of a pretribulational rapture.
Years ago as a college student, I, like many Christian college students, wrestled with the issue of God's sovereign election vs. man's free will. A study of the relevant Bible verses eventually led me to a strong conviction that God sovereignly and unconditionally elects to salvation. One of the verses that was very influential for me was 2 Thessalonians 2:13. Not only did this verse teach that God "chose" (aorist indicative), but that the object of this choosing was to "salvation" (contrary to the position of some Arminians that God's election is of the believer either to sanctification or to glorification). Then, a few years ago, as I was preparing to teach a class in the exegesis of the Thessalonian epistles, I was stricken by the fact that this verse occurs in a context that is dealing with the Day of the Lord. The Apostle Paul had just referred to the followers of the man of lawlessness who will be subject to the judgment of God associated with that time of tribulation. In such a context, might it not be that Paul was actually expressing his thanks that, in contrast to the followers of the man of lawlessness, God had chosen to deliver the church from the judgments of the Day of the Lord? If such were the case, then 2 Thessalonians 2:13 was actually another verse supportive of a Pretribulational Rapture position.
Semantics and Theological Understanding
As 21st century Christians, what goes through our minds when we read the words, "God has chosen you for salvation"? The term "salvation" is a fairly heavily loaded term in the semantics of modern conservative theology. At least from the time of the Reformation, the term has carried with it the connotation of quite a few distinct, though related, theological concepts, including: justification, forgiveness, regeneration, redemption, propitiation, reconciliation, etc. For example, the term "salvation" occurs over 400 times in Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion and is used quite broadly to refer to all that Christ has accomplished through His death and resurrection on behalf of the believer.[i] Similarly, in most Reformation and Post-Reformation conservative Christian writings, the term "salvation" carries with it this broad semantic weight. But are we safe in assuming that in the early days of the Christian church, when the Apostle Paul penned his two epistles to the Thessalonian believers, the term σωτηρία (soteria) carried the same semantic weight? A consideration of semantics, discourse structure and immediate context will show that Paul's use of the term σωτηρία (soteria) was indeed a reference to the pretribulational rapture of the church.
We have alluded to the semantic weight carried by the English term "salvation" in modern times, but what of the semantic weight borne by the Greek term σωτηρία that Paul employed in 2 Thessalonians 2:13? Can we in the 21st century come to an understanding of what this term meant to Paul and his Thessalonian disciples? In the following paragraphs diachronic considerations, conceptual considerations and synchronic considerations will be brought to bear on the answer to this question.
1. Diachronic Considerations. An overview of how the word σωτηρία was used throughout the history of literary Greek may be of some help. The term appears in Classical Greek as early as Herodotus (V BC), and means consistently throughout the Classical era either, (1) deliverance from some peril, (2) preservation in a state of safety or security, (3) a way or means of safety, (4) a safe return from a voyage, (5) safe keeping or preservation of a thing, (6) a guarantee or security for the safe keeping of a thing (7) security against anxiety, or (8) bodily health or well-being.[ii] TDNT summarizes some of the kinds of peril from which deliverance is wrought by use of the word σωτηρία in the classical era:
[In Classical Greek] σῴζω and σωτηρία mean first "to save" and "salvation" in the sense of an acutely dynamic act in which gods or men snatch others by force from serious peril. In this use, found from Hom. to the latest period, σῴζω corresponds to Hbr. ישׁע …. Among the dangers war … and sea-voyages … always play a special part. Things are similar with σωτηρία… σῴζω also denotes "deliverance" from judicial condemnation, …. The sense "to save from an illness," hence "to cure," occurs… In relation to the gen. perils of battle and sailing σῴζω may have more of the sense "to keep" or "to protect."[iii]
More relevant to New Testament studies may be the use of σωτηρία in the Septuagint. Here we find that the vast majority of uses refer to deliverance from some sort of temporal peril, not too different from its use in Classical Greek. The Hebrew word יְשׁוּעָה (yeshu'ah) most frequently lies behind the Septuagint's use of σωτηρία. Of the 78 occurrences of יְשׁוּעָה in the Old Testament, the following kinds of deliverance are typical:
Deliverance of Israel from the Egyptian army by crossing the Red Sea (Ex. 14:13; 15:12; Ps. 78:22)
Deliverance of Hannah from her enemies (1 Sa. 2:1)
Deliverance of Israel from various Gentile enemies
the Philistines (1 Sa. 14:45; Is. 12:2)
the Syrians (2 Sa. 10:11)
the Ammonites (2 Sa. 10:11; 2 Chr. 20:17; Is 12:2)
the Moabites (2 Chr. 20:17; Ps. 80:2, 6; Is. 12:2; 25:9, 10)
the Edomites (2 Chr. 20:17; Ps. 80:2, 6; Is. 12:2)
the Assyrians (Is. 33:2, 6)
unspecified Gentile enemies (1 Chr. 16:23; Ps. 44:2-3; 53:6; 98:2-3; 118:14, 15, 21; 149:4, 8; Is 26:1, 18)
Deliverance of Israel from poverty (Ps. 106:4-5)
Deliverance of David from the hand of Saul (2 Sa. 22:51)
Deliverance of the Psalmist (frequently David) from various enemies, such as the evil man, the ungodly man, the fool, the one who digs a pit, etc. (Ps. 3:2, 7-8; 9:13-14; 13:4-5; 14:1, 4, 7; 18:48-50; 21:1, 5, 8-12; 28:3, 8; 35:3, 7-9; 42:3-5, 10-11; 43:1-5; 62:1-6; 68:19-21; 69:29; 70:2-4; 74:12; 89:26; 91:16; 119:123, 161-166; 140:1, 7)
Deliverance of the Psalmist from physical illness or death (Ps. 88:1; 116:13; 119:155, 174-175)
Deliverance of Christ from the cross (Ps. 22:1)
Deliverance of Jonah from the fish (Jonah 2:9)
In Job, יְשׁוּעָה occurs two times. Deliverance is more personal and perhaps spiritual (13:16), but it cannot be separated from the idea of deliverance from his physical maladies, financial and familial ruin and personal enemies (30:15 "My welfare [יְשׁוּעָה i.e. prosperity] is passed away as a cloud.").
TDNT sums up the Septuagint's use of σωτηρία as follows:
Deliverance, help and salvation come in favour of persons in situations which are often brought about by the hostile intent of other persons.… Human acts of deliverance are expected from military heroes, judges, and Nazirites (Ju 13:5)… Deliverance is also sought from the protecting power; this is for vassals the positive aspect of suzerainty, cf. 2 K. 16:7, Hos. 14:4. Above all, giving help and dispensing justice is one of the tasks of the king (cf. 2 S. 14:4; 2 K. 6:26) which is regarded as laid on him by God and whose discharge secures a happy and prosperous life for the people (Ps. 72:2 f., 12).[iv]
In the prophets, especially Isaiah, salvation is frequently seen in the context of the eschatological reign of the Messiah. This salvation is often presented simply in terms of Israel's experiencing deliverance from her enemies (Ps. 89:26; Is 12:2-3; 25:9; 52:7, 10; 60:18). But at times, this eschatological salvation involves redemptive elements related to the righteousness and regeneration associated with the new covenant (Is. 49:6, 8; 51:6, 8; 56:1; 59:11; 62:1). In several of the references to spiritual salvation, there is still reference to deliverance from physical enemies (Is. 59:11, 17).
The intertestamental period sees a usage very similar to that of the Old Testament prophets. For example, in 1 Enoch, "… the idea of being saved occurs in reference to the flood. But the idea occurs most frequently in statements to the effect that the ungodly have no salvation or hope of salvation."[v] And in the Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, "salvation is applied to the individual in both temporal deliverance … and eternal salvation."[vi] When salvation is seen as eschatological in the intertestamental literature, it is typically a salvation that involves the deliverance of God's people from threat of warfare and hatred on the earth. However, on occasion, salvation is viewed as "the eternal salvation" which stands opposed to "eternal punishment, in which the wicked are cast into the fire. The godly individual attains salvation by his prayers and piety and by God's help."[vii]
In the literature of Qumran, personal salvation is frequently seen in terms of God's deliverance of the godly man either from ungodly men or from the perils and distresses of this life:
The Hymns testify to the experiences enjoyed by the one who trusts in the help of God: "Thou hast saved me from the zeal of lying interpreters, and from the congregation of those who seek smooth things" (1QH 2:32). "I will praise Him when distress is unleashed and will magnify Him also because of His salvation" (1QS 10:17; cf.; 1QH 5:11 f.; 11:23 f.).[viii]
When salvation is spoken of eschatologically in the Qumranic literature, it is in terms of national salvation for Israel and is coupled with the destruction of the nations of wickedness.[ix]
Coming a bit closer to the New Testament era, Moulton and Milligan's review of the papyri reveals that "σωτηρία is common … in the general sense of 'bodily health,' 'well-being,' 'safety.'"[x] This usage in the papyri is seen to be reflected in only a limited number of New Testament verses (e.g., Ac. 27:34; Heb. 11:7). Moulton and Milligan note that the sense of σωτηρία in the papyri forms a marked contrast with its normal use in the New Testament: "As a rule, however, σωτηρία in the NT, following its OT application … came to denote Messianic and spiritual salvation, either as a present possession (Lk 1:77 al.), or as to be realized fully hereafter (Rom 13:11 al.)."[xi]
In the New Testament itself σωτηρία is used in two ways: [xii] (1) deliverance from danger or impending death (Ac. 7: 25; 27:34; Heb. 11:7; Lk. 1:71), or (2) spiritual salvation of the soul by virtue of the atonement of Christ (Phil. 1:28, 2 Cor. 7:10; 1 Pe. 1:9; 2:2; Eph. 1:13; Ac. 13:26; 16:17). "σωτηρία is plainly expected to be fully culminated w. the second coming of the Lord Ro 13:11; Hb 9:28; 1 Pt 1:5."[xiii]
2. Conceptual Considerations. As has been shown from the preceding survey of the historical usage, σωτηρία can bear the meaning of "deliverance" in two distinct senses: (1) deliverance from temporal danger (enemies, sickness, poverty, physical danger, war, etc.) and (2) deliverance from spiritual danger (deliverance of one's soul from hell, deliverance from the present dark age into the eschatological age of Messiah's rule, deliverance into the new covenant and a state involving God's righteousness, etc.). Though it may run the risk of being overly simplistic, let us refer to these two senses as: temporal salvation and spiritual salvation. In the Old Testament, clearly the vast majority of occurrences of σωτηρία are in reference to temporal salvation, with relatively few references to spiritual salvation. In the New Testament we find just the opposite – the majority of references are to spiritual salvation, with relatively few references to temporal salvation.[xiv] In both Testaments there are some references that combine both concepts; i.e., the spiritual salvation involves some form of deliverance from either enemies or some form of physical/temporal danger. An example of this combination can be seen in descriptions of Israel's salvation in the Millennium where she experiences both God's righteousness and a state of peace and freedom from her enemies. A pretribulational rapture, likewise, would involve such a combination "salvation" in which the culmination of our salvation at the rapture would also result in our being delivered from the persecution and worldwide judgments of the Day of the Lord. As such, there would be nothing inconsistent about σωτηρία in 2 Thessalonian 2:13 referring to a pretribulational rapture, neither would this rule out a partial reference to spiritual salvation.[xv]
3. Synchronic Considerations. The New Testament was written over a period of almost 60 years and at the hands of at least eight different human authors. The precise sense of a given word can vary significantly over the span of such a time and from author to author.[xvi] Those who are over 60 years of age can doubtless think of a good many English words that bear a different sense today than they did 50 or 60 years ago. All languages undergo such changes, and there is no reason to believe that ancient Greek was any different. Thus it is incumbent upon us to focus our attention on the use of σωτηρία during the time in which Paul wrote 2 Thessalonians. Furthermore, one author may tend to use a word with a certain emphasis or shade of meaning that another author will not use. Thus, our focus needs to be not only on the time of the writing of 2 Thessalonians, but on the usage of this term by Paul. The apostle Paul wrote his New Testament epistles over a period of roughly 20 years. Even 20 years is long enough a period of time not only for the meaning of a word to change (Think of how some English words were used 20 years ago as contrasted with today!) but for that meaning to change even as used by the same author. Not all words will undergo such a change in meaning or emphasis, but some will. I believe that the word σωτηρία underwent just such a change in emphasis within the vocabulary of Paul over the 20 year span of his New Testament writings.
2 Thessalonians falls into a group of epistles sometimes referred to as the "early Pauline epistles": Galatians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians. Galatians was likely written shortly after Paul's first missionary journey (ca. AD 48), 1 & 2 Thessalonians were written from Corinth during his second missionary journey (ca. AD 51). In his early epistles Paul does not appear to use the noun σωτηρία to express the concept of spiritual "salvation" -- i.e. the positional work of God that takes place in a believer at the point of belief in Jesus. He probably uses the cognate verb σώζω once in this sense (1 Thess. 2:16), and once likely in reference to deliverance from the wrath of the Day of the Lord (2 Thess. 2:10). [N.B. There are also no occurrences of σωτηρία in the book of James, the only other New Testament book likely written in the same era as the early Pauline epistles.] Rather, to express the concept of spiritual salvation in his early epistles, Paul uses the following 24 terms and expressions:
1. καλέω (kaleo) call, Gal. 1:6, 15; 1 Thess. 2:12; 4:7; 5:24; 2 Thess. 2:14
2. δικαιόω (dikaio-oe) justify, Gal. 2:16, 17; 3:8, 11, 24; 5:4
3. δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosune) righteousness, Gal. 2:21; 3:21; 5:5
4. ἐξαγοράζω (exagorazo) redeem, Gal. 3:13; 4:5
5. γνῶναι θεόν (gnonai theon) to know God, Gal. 4:9; 2 Thess. 1:8
6. γνωσθῆναι ὑπὸ θεοῦ (gnosthenai hupo Theou) to be known by God, Gal. 4:9
7. ἐξαιρέω (exaire-oe) rescue, Gal. 1:4
8. λαβεῖν τὸ Πνεῦμα (labein to Pneuma) to receive the Spirit, Gal. 3:2
9. λογίσασθαι εἰς δικαιοσύνην (logisasthai eis dikaiosune) to be reckoned unto righteousness, Gal. 3:6
10. εἶναι υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ (einai huios Abra-am) to be a son of Abraham, Gal. 3:7
11. [ἔχειν τὸ] κληρονομίαν (echein to kleronomian) [to have the] inheritance, Gal. 3:18
12. ζῳοποιῆσαι (zoe-opoiesai) to give life, Gal. 3:21
13. εἶναι υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ (einai huion tou Theou) to be a son of God, Gal. 3:26
14. βαπτισθήναι εἰς Χριστὸν (baptisthenai eis Christon) to be baptized into Christ, Gal. 3:27
15. ἀπολαβεῖν τὴν υἱοθεσίαν (apolabein ten huithesian) to receive the adoption, Gal. 4:5
16. εἶναι τέκνον ἐπαγγελίας (einai teknon epangelias) to be a child of promise, Gal. 4:28
17. ἐλευθερόω (eleuthero-oe) to set free, Gal. 5:1
18. κληρονομήσαι βασιλείαν θεοῦ (kleronomesai basileian Theou) to inherit [the] kingdom of God, Gal. 5:21
19. ζῆν (zen) to live, Gal. 5:25
20. ἐκλογή (ekloge) election, 1 Thess. 1:4
21. ἐξεστρέψας πρὸς τὸν θεόν (exestrepsas pros ton Theon) to turn to God, 1 Thess. 1:9
22. σωθῆναι (sothenai) to be saved, 1 Thess. 2:16
23. δέξασθαι λόγον θεοῦ (dexasthai logon Theou) to receive the Word of God, 1 Thess. 2:13
24. πιστεύσαι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ (pisteusai te aletheia) to believe the truth, 2 Thess. 2:12
σωτηρία does not occur even once in the book of Galatians, and occurs only twice in 1 Thessalonians. Both occurrences in 1 Thessalonians (5:8, 9) probably refer to the temporal salvation that results from a pretribulational rapture, i.e., deliverance from the wrath of the Day of the Lord. The only occurrence of σωτηρία in 2 Thessalonians is in the verse we are examining. The similarity of language between 1 Thessalonians 5:9 and 2 Thessalonians 2:13 is somewhat striking:
1 Thessalonians 5:9
ἔθετο ἡμᾶς ὁ θεὸς … εἰς περιποίησιν σωτηρίας
God appointed us … unto an obtaining of deliverance [from the Day of the Lord]
εἵλατο ὑμᾶς ὁ θεὸς … εἰς σωτηρίαν
God chose you … unto deliverance [from the Day of the Lord]
Thus, in view of the history of Paul's usage of σωτηρία up to this point in his extant letters, it would not seem likely that he is referring to the soteriological ideas of justification, forgiveness, etc.
Of the three early Pauline epistles (Galatians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians), the one that has a distinctive soteriological theme is the very one that does not use the term σωτηρία! The Thessalonian epistles, on the other hand, clearly have a different theme. Almost all expositors agree that the primary theme of the Thessalonian epistles is eschatological.[xvii] Every chapter in both 1 and 2 Thessalonians has at least one reference to the return of Christ, and both books have extended discourses on eschatological themes (the Rapture in 1 Thess. 4:13-18, the Day of the Lord in 1 Thess. 5 and 2 Thess. 2). So, when we encounter the term σωτηρία in 2 Thessalonians, we would expect to understand it in a way that corresponds with the prevailing eschatological theme of the epistle, rather than presuming a soteriological theme.
The next extant letter of Paul's written after 2 Thessalonians was probably 1 Corinthians, written 3-4 years later. During this intervening period Paul had stopped briefly in Ephesus, gone to Jerusalem, then begun his 3rd missionary journey and was making an extended stay in Ephesus while he wrote his first epistle to Corinth. The term σωτηρία does not occur at all in 1 Corinthians.
2 Corinthians, written shortly after 1 Corinthians, uses the term σωτηρία three times (1:6; 6:2; 7:10). It is here that we probably find Paul's first use of the noun σωτηρία in the sense of spiritual salvation. It is possible that it was during Paul's extended teaching ministry at Ephesus that the term σωτηρία began to take on added semantic weight in the vocabulary of Paul. In Romans, written in about AD 57-58, σωτηρία is used five times (1:16; 10:1, 10; 11:11; 13:11), each time as a reference to spiritual salvation.
Thus it appears that in the early Pauline epistles, we should expect σωτηρία to reflect the kind of "salvation" that is more akin to the Old Testament sense of deliverance from some temporal peril than to a later Christian understanding of broader redemptive themes.
Discourse Structure of 2 Thessalonians 2
Up to this point, we have been considering the meaning of a single term, σωτηρία. We have seen that it is both possible and likely that when Paul wrote 2 Thessalonians, he would have used the term with a greater emphasis on temporal salvation than on spiritual salvation. However, this is by no means a necessary conclusion based on semantics alone. Words have genuine meaning only in a context. Crucial to the question of whether σωτηρία in 2 Thessalonians 2:13 is a reference to the rapture is the related question of whether verses 13-17 are a continuation of verses 1-12 or the beginning of a new topic.
Some commentators have taken the words: Ἡμεῖς δὲ ὀφείλομεν εὐχαριστεῖν τῷ θεῷ πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν, ἀδελφοὶ ἠγαπημένοι ὑπὸ κυρίου, ὅτι … ("But we ought to give thanks to God always for you, brothers beloved by the Lord, because …") in 2:13 to introduce a new discourse, i.e., a significant change in topic. Two discourse features could suggest a shift in topic: (1) the conjunction δὲ ("now" or "but"), and (2) the insertion of the vocative ἀδελφοὶ ("brothers"). There are two compelling reasons, however, to see verses 1-17 as one entire discourse without a major division: (1) Paul's use of an inclusio in verses 2 and 15, and (2) the chiastic structure of the discourse.
1. Paul's Inclusio, verses 2 & 15
We find in verse 15 what appears to be the second half of an inclusio that ties the last verses of chapter 2 with the earlier portion of the chapter.
2:2 μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι᾽ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι᾽ ἡμῶν
"whether by spirit or by word or by letter as from us"
2:15 εἴτε διὰ λόγου εἴτε δι᾽ ἐπιστολῆς ἡμῶν
"whether by word or by our letter"
Thus, 2:15 is still a part of the discourse that was begun in 2:1. The δέ and ἀδελφοὶ of 2:13 do not indicate that Paul has moved on to a new subject. 2:15-17, introduced by ἄρα οὖν ("therefore," the only occurrence of οὖν in 2 Thess), makes a fitting conclusion to this discussion of the troubling times of the Day of the Lord.
Note also, if we see the passage as extending all the way through verse 17, the similarity between how Paul ends his rapture passage in 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 with how he ends this eschatological passage:
Ὥστε παρακαλεῖτε ἀλλήλους ἐν τοῖς λόγοις τούτοις.
Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς καὶ [ὁ] θεὸς ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν … 17 παρακαλέσαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας … ἐν παντὶ … λόγῳ ἀγαθῷ..
So then, comfort one another with these words.
Now may our Lord Jesus Christ and God our Father … comfort your hearts … in every good word.
2. Chiastic Structure:
Charles Powell has written about the chiastic structure of 2 Thessalonians 2:1-15.[xviii] According to Powell, the section can be analyzed as follows:
A Warning (vv. 1-3a)
B The apostasy (v. 3b)
C The revelation of the man of lawlessness (vv. 3c-5)
D The restrainer (vv. 5-7)
C′ The revelation and annihilation of the lawless one (vv. 8-9)
B′ The leading astray of unbelievers (vv. 10-12)
A′ Thanksgiving and exhortation (vv. 13-15)
If Powell's chiasm is correct, it suggests two observations relevant to our discussion: (1) Verse 13 does not begin a new discourse, but continues the discussion begun in verse 1; thus, the "salvation" of verse 13 should be understood in the context of 2:1-12. This corresponds with what we have been saying about the inclusio διὰ λόγου εἴτε δι᾽ ἐπιστολῆς ἡμῶν ("through word or through our letter"). (2) More specifically, the language of verses 13-15 should find some explicit parallel to the language of verses 1-3a. A comparison of these two sections demonstrates that such is indeed the case:
2 Thess 2:1-3a
2 Thess 2:13-15
Ἐρωτῶμεν δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί,
ὑπὲρ τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡμῶν ἐπισυναγωγῆς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν
2 εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι,
μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι᾽ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι᾽ ἡμῶν,
Ἡμεῖς δὲ ὀφείλομεν εὐχαριστεῖν τῷ θεῷ πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν, ἀδελφοὶ …
… σωτηρίαν … περιποίησιν δόξης τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
15 … στήκετε, καὶ κρατεῖτε τὰς παραδόσεις ἃς ἐδιδάχθητε
εἴτε διὰ λόγου εἴτε δι᾽ ἐπιστολῆς ἡμῶν.
We ask you, brothers
The coming of our Lord Jesus, and our gathering together to Him
Be not soon shaken in your mind nor troubled
We give thanks to God for you, brothers
… deliverance … the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ
Stand fast and hold the teachings which you were taught
An examination of the discourse structure of 2 Thessalonians 2 suggests that verses 13-17 form a conclusion to verses 1-12, not a new and separate topic. As such, these verses are designed to give words of comfort to the Thessalonian believers in the face of the disturbing descriptions of the reign of the man of lawlessness and of the judgments of God poured out on his followers. Such comfort comes from Paul's assurance that the Thessalonian believers have been chosen for deliverance from that distressing period of time.
Immediate Context of 2 Thessalonians 2:13
The preceding section on "Discourse Structure" considered the context of the entire chapter. Now I would like to focus on the more immediate context of the wording of verses 13 and 14. In particular, two expressions occurring in this immediate context help us to determine the sense of the term σωτηρία: (1) the word εἵλατο ("chosen"), and (2) the phrase εἰς περιποίησιν δόξης τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ("unto the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ"). A third item from the immediate context also needs some explanation, (3) the expression ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας ("by sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth").
1. εἵλατο ("chosen"), v. 13. This word may in fact be the biggest stumbling block for many to see σωτηρία as a reference to the rapture. Particularly for someone from a Calvinistic persuasion, the word "chosen" suggests a theme of spiritual salvation. "Many are called, but few are chosen" (Matt. 22:14); "You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you" (Jn. 15:16); "He chose us in him before the foundation of the world" (Eph. 1:4); "He is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those with him are called and chosen and faithful" (Rev. 17:14); "Knowing, brothers beloved by God, His choice of you" (1Thess. 1:4).
However, we should not be too hasty in basing our decision on the English translation. In fact, apart from 2 Thessalonians 2:13, every verse in the New Testament that refers to God's sovereign choice of believers to spiritual salvation uses a different Greek word than the one used in this verse. The Greek words used elsewhere of God's choice to spiritual salvation are κλητός (kletos, Matt. 22:14), ἐκλέγομαι (eklegomai, Jn. 15:16; Eph 1:4); ἐκλεκτός (eklektos, Rev. 17:14); and ἐκλογή (ekloge, 1Thess. 1:4). Of the words in this list, perhaps the most significant is that which occurs in 1 Thessalonians 1:4. If Paul were to refer to God's choice to spiritual salvation in 2 Thessalonians, we might expect him to use the same word he had used in 1 Thessalonians. But the term εἵλατο from 2 Thessalonians 2:13 (aor. midd. of αἱρέω) is not in any way cognate to the term ἐκλογή in 1 Thessalonians 1:4. In fact, the only other New Testament occurrences of this word (only two other times in the NT) have nothing to do with election to spiritual salvation:
Philippians 1:22 "If I am to live in the flesh, that means fruitful labor for me. Yet which I shall choose I cannot tell."
Hebrews 11:25 "[Moses refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter] choosing rather to be mistreated with the people of God than to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of sin."
So, instead of the word "chosen" leading us to think of God's sovereign election to spiritual salvation, we find that the very Greek word used by Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2:13 is not the word we would have expected him to use in reference to spiritual salvation. If, on the other hand, Paul had meant to refer to God's choice to deliver the Thessalonians from the Day of the Lord, it would make sense for him to use a different word than the one he had used in 1 Thessalonians 1:4, and that, in fact, is just what he did.
2. εἰς περιποίησιν δόξης τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ("unto the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ "), v. 14. The end of this deliverance (σωτηρία) is explicitly stated to be "The obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ." This appears prima face not to be a reference to our positional justification, but to our future glorification, which will occur at the rapture. It is at the rapture that Paul says, "We will be changed … corruption must put on incorruption … mortality must put on immortality" (1 Cor. 15:51, 53). It is at the rapture that Paul says, "He will transform the body of our humility conformed to the body of His glory" (Phil 3:21). If this phrase in verse 14 is not a reference to the rapture, then I don't know to what it does refer![xix] And if it is a reference to the rapture, then I should not be surprised to find that the deliverance to which Paul refers in verse 13 should also be a reference to the rapture.
3. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας ("by sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth"). This expression might also lead one to the conclusion that this verse has a soteriological theme, and that, therefore, the term σωτηρία ought to be understood in terms of spiritual salvation. This would come from seeing "sanctification of the Spirit" as referring to positional sanctification, and "belief of the truth" as referring to faith in the message of the Gospel. Let us consider the two parts of this expression separately:
a) Sanctification of the Spirit. The preposition ἐν most likely relates this phrase as an expression of means to εἵλατο ("chosen").[xx] So the expositor must explain how the sanctification of the spirit brings about salvation. In soteriological terms, it is more usual to see things the other way around – to understand salvation being the means of sanctification. But it all depends on whether it is positional sanctification or experiential sanctification that is in view. If one understands the choosing in this verse to be God's election to spiritual salvation in eternity past, then one is forced to the same conclusion as Ryrie, "On God's part, being saved involves the work of the Holy Spirit in sanctifying or setting apart the believer. This is a reference to that sanctification of the position which every Christian has the moment he believes (1 Cor. 6:11, ASV)."[xxi]
However, if the choosing is for deliverance from the judgments of the Tribulation Period, there are two possible explanations: (1) The sanctification of the Spirit might refer to a setting apart of the believer from the Day of the Lord. This would be a nice explanation in keeping with the position taken in this paper. Unfortunately, the meaning of ἁγιασμός probably cannot be pressed into referring to a physical separation. Despite the fact that this noun is cognate to a word that means "to set apart, to separate," (ἁγιάζω) in both classical and Hellenistic Greek the term exclusively means "holiness, consecration, sanctification."[xxii] (2) The other explanation is to see simply an example of the combination type of salvation that was seen earlier in our survey of the OT prophets. In other words, spiritual salvation includes a deliverance from earthly disasters. In this sense, the sanctification of the Spirit could still refer to positional sanctification. Paul would simply be saying, "Those who will be delivered from the Tribulation Period are only those who have been sanctified (positionally) by the Spirit."
b) Belief of the truth. This expression may in fact mean "belief in the gospel,"[xxiii] but in this context, it also includes something more. As Lightfoot notes, the acceptance of the truth here is "in contrast to οἱ μὴ πιστεύσαντες τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ['those who did not believe the truth'] ver. 12."[xxiv] Eadie makes essentially the same observation, "… there being an implied contrast to the previous πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει ['to believe the lie' verse 11]"[xxv]
2:11 And because of this, God sends them a working of deception so that they believe the lie,
2:12 In order that they might all be judged who did not believe the truth but took pleasure in wickedness.
In other words, the belief Paul is describing in verse 13 is in contrast to what the followers of the man of lawlessness believe in verses 11 and 12. Belief in the lie results in suffering the judgments of the Tribulation Period; whereas, belief in the truth results in salvation from the judgments of the Tribulation Period. One cannot believe the gospel and also accept the lie of the antichrist. The gospel offers Jesus as the Savior; the lie offers the antichrist as the savior.
In 2 Thessalonians 2, Paul had just concluded his prophetic description of the career of the man of lawlessness during the Day of the Lord. This included not only a description of the activities of this wicked man (vv. 4-10), but a pronouncement of God's judgment on his followers (vv. 11-12). It is at this point that Paul expresses his thanks to God for God's having chosen the Thessalonian believers to σωτηρία ("salvation/deliverance"). A study of 2 Thessalonians 2:13 in the light of semantics, discourse structure and the immediate context has demonstrated that σωτηρία here refers to the promise of deliverance from the persecution and worldwide judgments of the Day of the Lord that is implicit in the doctrine of a pretribulational rapture of the church. Such a view is consistent with what Paul wrote in 1 Thessalonians 5:9, also dealing with the Day of the Lord, and is consistent with what Paul wrote in 1 Thessalonians 4:18 regarding the comfort offered by the doctrine of the rapture.
In light of these findings, 2 Thessalonians 2:13 may be paraphrased as follows:
"We ought to thank God always for you, brothers, beloved by the Lord, because God chose you, a firstfruit of the European mission, for deliverance by means of the rapture from the judgments that shall befall those who follow the man of lawlessness in the Tribulation Period. God made this choice by setting you who believe the truth apart from those who will believe the antichrist's lie."
[i] As, for example, in his "Prefatory Address to the King of France," Calvin states: "Before God there remains nothing of which we can glory save only his mercy, by which, without any merit of our own, we are admitted to the hope of eternal salvation (lat. salvi)." By way of contrast, the Institutes refers to "justification" about 200 times, "forgiveness" 188 times, "redemption" 91 times, "propitiation" 76 times and "reconciliation" 43 times.
[ii] Liddell, Scott, Jones, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940) s.v. σωτηρία.
[iii]Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G. Kittel, G. W. Bromiley & G. Friedrich, electronic ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964-c1976). 7:966. Emphasis mine.
[iv]Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, 7:973-974.
[v] The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed. Colin Brown (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978) Vol. III:209-210.
[vi] NIDNTT, 210.
[vii] NIDNTT, 210.
[viii] NIDNTT, 210.
[ix] NIDNTT, 210-11.
[x] J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1930), 622.
[xi] Moulton and Milligan, 622.
[xii]W. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, F. W. Danker, & W. Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979). 801.
[xiii] Arndt, Gingrich, Danker, Bauer, 801.
[xiv] Arndt, Gingrich, Danker, Bauer, 801. "quite predom[inantly] salvation, which the true religion bestows."
[xv] Such a conception may also lie behind the otherwise difficult passage in 2 Thess 1:5-10. This passage is taken by posttribulational rapturists as supportive of their position, but it need not be seen that way. The rapture delivers the godly over to rest, but delivers the ungodly over to a period of judgment that will culminate in the personal return of Christ.
[xvi] P. Cotterell and Max Turner, Linguistics & Biblical Interpretation (Downer's Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1989) 26.
[xvii] Mal Couch, The Hope of Christ's Return (Chattanooga: AMG Publishers, 2001) 17-18; John Eadie, A Commentary on the Greek Text of the Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians (London: Mac Millan & Co., 1877) 53-54; J. B. Lightfoot, Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul (Hendrickson Publishers, 3rd printing 1995) 16-17; Leon Morris, The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians NICNT rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991) 11; Charles C. Ryrie, First and Second Thessalonians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1959) 7; Robert L. Thomas, 1, 2 Thessalonians, 1, 2 Timothy, Titus EBC (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996) 7-8.
[xviii] Charles E. Powell, "The Identity of the 'Restrainer' in 2 Thessalonians 2:6-7," Bibliotheca Sacra (Dallas: Dallas Theological Seminary, 1997) 154:615, pp. 322-28.
[xix] For an example of the kind of confusion that results from eisegesis by those whose theology predisposes them to a soteriological view, rather than an eschatological view, see Eadie's comment on this expression in v. 14, "The clause is … perhaps not a mere exact specification of εἰς σωτηρίαν, or a giving of the final aspect and consummation of σωτηρία." Eadie, 205.
[xx] Couch, The Hope of Christ's Return, 233; Lightfoot, Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul, 120; Ryrie, First and Second Thessalonians, 116. On the other hand, Thomas explains ἐν as expressing "a locative instead of an instrumental force … because the clause names an act in eternity past…. ἐν indicates the spiritual state in which God chose them to salvation," EBC, 103.
[xxi] Ryrie 116 emphasis mine.
[xxii] BAGD 9; Liddell, Scott, Jones 9.
[xxiii] Couch 233; Eadie 204; Ryrie 116.
[xxiv] Lightfoot 120.
[xxv] Eadie 204.
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GOSSIPONTHIS.COM News Playboy Mansion Full of Diseases?
Playboy Mansion Full of Diseases?
Published March 3rd, 2011 at 12:46 pm
The Playboy Mansion has diseases! But not the type you would expect.
Read the story below:
Los Angeles County public health officials have identified Legionella bacteria, which causes Legionnaires' disease, at a water source at the Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles in its investigation of the source of illness that sickened people after a fundraiser earlier this month.
Public health officials have suspected Legionnaires' disease in the outbreak, a disease spread by bacteria that causes respiratory illness, such as a cough, and malaise, chills and fever.
Officials, however, have not ruled out other bacteria or viruses, because Legionella bacteria are commonly found in moist environments, Dr. Jonathan Fielding, director of the county Department of Public Health, said in a statement.
Health officials have said that the people fell ill after they attended DomainFest's Feb. 1-3 conference, which culminated with a fundraiser at the Playboy Mansion in the Holmby Hills area of Los Angeles.
DomainFest released a statement Tuesday that urged those who attended the Feb. 3 fundraising event at the Playboy Mansion to fill out a confidential survey to assist health officials with their investigation.
The name of Legionnaires' disease stems from its discovery in 1976 when attendees of an American Legion convention in Philadelphia became sick with the bacteria and developed pneumonia. About 8,000 to 18,000 people are hospitalized with the disease every year in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Healthy people usually recover from the bacterial disease, which can treated with antibiotics, but death can occur in 5% to 30% of cases, the CDC said.
This is where you insert the obligatory STD joke…
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