In a series of events which makes it sound like somebody is doing a reboot of the 1986 movie of the same name, a Huntsville Space Camp alumna rocketed off to the International Space Station on July 6th, 2016. Her "short" visit to the ISS will last 4 months, during which time she will set a number of firsts in space, including being the first person to sequence DNA in a zero gravity environment. Dr. Kate Rubins was joined in her journey aboard the Soyuz spacecraft by Cosmonaut Anatoly Ivanishin and Japanese astronaut Takuya Onishi from the JAEA (Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency), Dr. Rubins becoming the 60th woman in space in the process.
Dr. Kathleen Hallisey Rubins had her first taste of space exploration when she attended Space Camp, at the U.S. Space and Rocket Centre in Huntsville, when she was in 7th grade, and her love of all things rocketry and science grew from there. She later studied for, and was awarded with, a Bachelor of Science degree in molecular biology from the University of California in San Diego.


I didn't know that there was a Grandparent's Day last Sunday. Perhaps it was only happening in the Philippines or in the US. But Grandparent's Day or not, my little girl was fortunate enough to spend some time to be with her grandparents, three months to be exact.
I am happy that she knows them and recognizes them, and would call them Lolo and Lola in her very Germanish accent of hers. Although she is not very close to them and would prefer that I prepare her milk or feed her, I am glad that her grandparents were able to see what she is like, came to know her and be able to take care of her too. This Sunday, they will be flying back to the Philippines and I know that things will be different. I know that Samantha will come looking for them, calling out their names and check out the room where they sleep.
I hope that Samantha will also get to know her grandparents on my side of the family. That way, she will also have a memory of them and will not be so shy and reserved when we visit them in the Philippines in the future.
your kid is indeed lucky to have such wonderful moments with her grandparents. not all children are as lucky as she is..
my kids were not close to their grandparents when they were small but now they are able to chat with them and even stay with them na..
wow ganda ng view, marce. uu nga. iba talaga pag grandparents no? wala pa akong post for this meme. waah!


Get those toes jammin! Actively working the toes recruits the entire foot to move! Reduce pain & imbalances. Put the bounce back into your step!
It's finally shorts weather, not that weather stopped me before, but it actually is shorts weather now. I'm looking forward to using alot less gear for while.. shorts, shirt, #vitalsox , and I'm good to go. .
Beleza, Economia, Qualidade de vida, Design, Praticidade!!!
Solicite nossa visita, peça seu Orçamento!!!
I'm looking forward to spring and summer, but I sure am gonna miss this beautiful snow. I wish there was a way to enjoy snow all year long, even when it's warm out, regardless I'm looking forward to stripping some layers off. .
Pt 2 of Ruck Your Dog 10k.
Life is a beautiful ride 🚴🏻♀🚴🏻♀.


text:
Home » Reviews » CD » M » Musica Diabl…Musica Diablo
Musica Diablo – Musica Diablo
Musica Diablo
by Lior Stein at 05 July 2010, 10:07 AM
Also read: MUSICA DIABLO interview with Derrick Green
First of all, and I do have to say it, "Welcome home Derrick Green!!!". I am very glad that Derrick Green, the frontman of the veteran Brazilian Metal band SEPULTURA, found his suitable home with his new Brazilian band, MUSICA DIABLO. Also I have to say "I am sorry" for Andreas Kisser, which is the most veteran dude of SEPULTURA when I am saying that this new band is much suitable for Green rather the awkwardness of the new SEPULTURA. After the great 80's years and early 90's (1991), SEPULTURA never recovered from the shock it has been going through and after Cavalera left, it went even more downward. Well, at least it is my opinion because I am a "Beneath The Remains" maniac.
Ok, I am not writing this to criticize SEPULTURA or Green for being its frontman, I am here for MUSICA DIABLO. This bunch of fire breathing old schoolers led by Andre NM decided to rip out the roots of old school and use them for their Thrash music. As they derived their style from MUNICIPAL WASTE, old SEPULTURA, KREATOR, NUCLEAR ASSAULT and tiny winy of SLAYER, these guys found their true Metal niche. Of course that with the help of Green, which fitted like a glove right from the start, there is no better way than to release a full-length debut.
Personally, I think that MUSICA DIABLO have major balls of a music. They are gutting, chopping, killing and murdering with their ferocity, melodic rawness and mayhemic speed, all in the name of old school Thrash. Moreover, the addition of old school Hardcore to the mixture is rather nice and has its fine edges especially on those raw grooves and diversity on the straightforward passages. In the end, this is a Thrash / Speed onslaught with the free willing of Hardcore, yep, American old Hardcore. Green is unrefined, evil and even brutal. His pals are very aggressive, yet showing great talents on their instruments.
Although MUSICA DIABLO is an 80's oriented band with a whole lot of attitude, their new release did not come out that special. It has everything an old schooler would look in a release. However, after listening to it quite a lot, all the interest that was on the first listen just fades away. Beyond the psychological reasons, which I will not discuss about, MUSICA DIABLO's material, besides some well-done breaking points and a number of good tracks, turns in circles and coming down to the same points, riffs, vocal rhythms and such. Moreover, the overall productions, beyond the extreme loudness, has too much gain as there are sorts of boomings all through the release of a major bass attack. Bass attack is always welcome but with the speed and all, it should not jump and interfere with the guitars.
With no doubt that you can mosh to this one mercilessly; yet, it only holds a potential to become something better. This band has every reason to make something bombastic and much more illustrated than their debut. It does not mean leaving the old school behind; it means that while writing songs they should try to take notice on the others already made while not trying to resemble the same stuff.
In the end, I liked MUSICA DIABLO and I like the fact that Green is its frontman. This is truly his actual place for him. Green man you rule!!
Highlights:"Underlord", "Sweet Revenge", "Betrayed", "Lifeless", "Sacrifice", "Twisted Hate".
Live To Buy
Lifeless
In The Name Of Greed
The Flame Of Anger
Twisted Hate
The Rack
Derrick Green - Vocals
Andre NM - Guitar
Andre Curci - Guitar
Ricardo Brigas - Bass
Edu Nicollini - Drums
Record Label: SAOL / H'Art / Zebralution
Edited 31 January 2023

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Omanana pallidens är en insektsart som beskrevs av Delong 1942. Omanana pallidens ingår i släktet Omanana och familjen dvärgstritar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Dvärgstritar
pallidens

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin
Neelam Gupta, Jessica C. Ramella-Roman
A compact optical hyperspectral imager that can detect both spectral and polarization signatures was used for passive noninvasive imaging of human skin. This vibration-insensitive imager uses an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a spectral selection element and an electronically tunable liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) as a polarization device. Such an imager is ideally suited to provide both agile spectral and polarization signatures and can be readily used for real time in vivo medical imaging applications. Operation of this imager and image acquisition is fully computer controlled. This imager covers visible to near-infrared (VNIR) region from 400 to 800 nm with a 10 nm spectral resolution at 600 nm and uses a TeO2 AOTF with a 15×15 mm2 linear aperture and a 4.2° angular aperture. At each wavelength 640×480 images with two orthogonal polarization are captured and a total of 41 spectral images are collected to form an image cube. A commercial Si CCD camera was used along with off-the-shelf lenses, mirrors and irises. We carried out experiments with a human subject and controlled the blood perfusion in the individual arm and finger by using a pressure cuff and a rubber band, respectively. Images were captured by illuminating the subject with a white light lamp source and imaging it from a distance. When the hyperspectral image analysis was performed we could observe the effects of skin deoxygenation. In this paper we will described our instrument, the experimental setup, the images obtained and the analysis results.
Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768708
Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IV - San Jose, CA, United States
Duration: Jan 19 2008 → Jan 19 2008
Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IV
Electric lamps
AOTF
Deoxygenation
Image cube
Liquid crystal variable retarder
Oxygen level
Gupta, N., & Ramella-Roman, J. C. (2008). Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE (Vol. 6842). [68420C] https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768708
Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin. / Gupta, Neelam; Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.
Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 6842 2008. 68420C.
Gupta, N & Ramella-Roman, JC 2008, Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin. in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. vol. 6842, 68420C, Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IV, San Jose, CA, United States, 1/19/08. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768708
Gupta N, Ramella-Roman JC. Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 6842. 2008. 68420C https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768708
Gupta, Neelam ; Ramella-Roman, Jessica C. / Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 6842 2008.
@inproceedings{bbac1cb154444843be23b7abfdd848b0,
title = "Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin",
abstract = "A compact optical hyperspectral imager that can detect both spectral and polarization signatures was used for passive noninvasive imaging of human skin. This vibration-insensitive imager uses an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a spectral selection element and an electronically tunable liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) as a polarization device. Such an imager is ideally suited to provide both agile spectral and polarization signatures and can be readily used for real time in vivo medical imaging applications. Operation of this imager and image acquisition is fully computer controlled. This imager covers visible to near-infrared (VNIR) region from 400 to 800 nm with a 10 nm spectral resolution at 600 nm and uses a TeO2 AOTF with a 15×15 mm2 linear aperture and a 4.2° angular aperture. At each wavelength 640×480 images with two orthogonal polarization are captured and a total of 41 spectral images are collected to form an image cube. A commercial Si CCD camera was used along with off-the-shelf lenses, mirrors and irises. We carried out experiments with a human subject and controlled the blood perfusion in the individual arm and finger by using a pressure cuff and a rubber band, respectively. Images were captured by illuminating the subject with a white light lamp source and imaging it from a distance. When the hyperspectral image analysis was performed we could observe the effects of skin deoxygenation. In this paper we will described our instrument, the experimental setup, the images obtained and the analysis results.",
keywords = "AOTF, Deoxygenation, Hyperspectral, Image cube, Imager, Liquid crystal variable retarder, Oxygen level, Polarization, TeO",
author = "Neelam Gupta and Ramella-Roman, {Jessica C.}",
doi = "10.1117/12.768708",
booktitle = "Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE",
T1 - Detection of blood oxygen level by noninvasive passive spectral imaging of skin
AU - Gupta, Neelam
AU - Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.
N2 - A compact optical hyperspectral imager that can detect both spectral and polarization signatures was used for passive noninvasive imaging of human skin. This vibration-insensitive imager uses an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a spectral selection element and an electronically tunable liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) as a polarization device. Such an imager is ideally suited to provide both agile spectral and polarization signatures and can be readily used for real time in vivo medical imaging applications. Operation of this imager and image acquisition is fully computer controlled. This imager covers visible to near-infrared (VNIR) region from 400 to 800 nm with a 10 nm spectral resolution at 600 nm and uses a TeO2 AOTF with a 15×15 mm2 linear aperture and a 4.2° angular aperture. At each wavelength 640×480 images with two orthogonal polarization are captured and a total of 41 spectral images are collected to form an image cube. A commercial Si CCD camera was used along with off-the-shelf lenses, mirrors and irises. We carried out experiments with a human subject and controlled the blood perfusion in the individual arm and finger by using a pressure cuff and a rubber band, respectively. Images were captured by illuminating the subject with a white light lamp source and imaging it from a distance. When the hyperspectral image analysis was performed we could observe the effects of skin deoxygenation. In this paper we will described our instrument, the experimental setup, the images obtained and the analysis results.
AB - A compact optical hyperspectral imager that can detect both spectral and polarization signatures was used for passive noninvasive imaging of human skin. This vibration-insensitive imager uses an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a spectral selection element and an electronically tunable liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) as a polarization device. Such an imager is ideally suited to provide both agile spectral and polarization signatures and can be readily used for real time in vivo medical imaging applications. Operation of this imager and image acquisition is fully computer controlled. This imager covers visible to near-infrared (VNIR) region from 400 to 800 nm with a 10 nm spectral resolution at 600 nm and uses a TeO2 AOTF with a 15×15 mm2 linear aperture and a 4.2° angular aperture. At each wavelength 640×480 images with two orthogonal polarization are captured and a total of 41 spectral images are collected to form an image cube. A commercial Si CCD camera was used along with off-the-shelf lenses, mirrors and irises. We carried out experiments with a human subject and controlled the blood perfusion in the individual arm and finger by using a pressure cuff and a rubber band, respectively. Images were captured by illuminating the subject with a white light lamp source and imaging it from a distance. When the hyperspectral image analysis was performed we could observe the effects of skin deoxygenation. In this paper we will described our instrument, the experimental setup, the images obtained and the analysis results.
KW - AOTF
KW - Deoxygenation
KW - Hyperspectral
KW - Image cube
KW - Imager
KW - Liquid crystal variable retarder
KW - Oxygen level
KW - Polarization
KW - TeO
U2 - 10.1117/12.768708
DO - 10.1117/12.768708
BT - Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE


text:
Clastoptera funesta är en insektsart som beskrevs av Carl Stål 1854. Clastoptera funesta ingår i släktet Clastoptera och familjen Clastopteridae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Halvvingar
funesta


text:
Ко́рпус (від  — «тіло») — термін, що може використовуватись у значеннях:
 Корпус (шрифт) — тип шрифта.
 Корпус — військове об'єднання.
 Корпус — окрема споруда комплексу, що складається з декількох споруд.
 Корпус — корпус технічного об'єкта (судна, механізму тощо):
 Корпус судна
 Корпус плуга
 Корпус текстів — поняття у лінгвістиці.
 Корпус державних службовців.
 «Корпус» — інтерактивний музей людського тіла в нідерландському місті Угстгесті, провінція Південна Голландія.

Див. також
 Дипломатичний корпус

Посилання
 Корпус  //


Maltkiln Cottage is an award-winning converted farm building near the idyllic Lancashire village of Bispham Green. Surrounded by rolling hills, this luxury countryside holiday cottage for couples sleeps 2, with exposed brickwork, a lovely garden and close to the Lake District and western Dales.
Maltkiln Cottage At Crook Hall Farm is a luxuriously furnished detached, ground floor, former farm building that lies on a working farm on the edge of the village of Bispham Green. This luxury holiday cottage in Lancashire retains the character and charm of the original dwelling, but now houses modern furnishings. There is an open plan living area which has crook beams and exposed brickwork, plus a well equipped kitchen, dining area and sitting area with sofabed and electric stove. The cottage sleeps two and has one double bedroom with an ensuite.
The pretty garden has a patio and furniture, which is perfect to relax in after a busy day exploring the area. There is the added bonus of off road parking and fishing is available on the owners' private ponds.
Note: Fishing tuition with on-site fishing instructor available at additional cost (all necessary tackle and bait provided). Please contact the owner directly for more information. Note: Fishing ponds on-site, please ensure children are supervised at all times.
Nearby there are many interesting things to do and see including the Cedar Farm Galleries, Rufford Old Hall and Formby Point, which boasts a large area of beach, sand dunes and pine woods, which are still home to the red squirrel. There is so much to see and do in the area with many attractions nearby, plus the seaside resort of Southport is only ten miles away. Maltkiln Cottage At Crook Hall Farm is an ideal base for couples. This Lancashire cottage makes a great touring base, with the Lake District, the western Dales and the Trough of Bowland just an hour's drive.
Amenities * LPG central heating with electric stove * Electric cooker, microwave, fridge, dishwasher, TV, DVD, CD/radio, selection of books and DVDs * Fuel and power inc. in rent * Bed linen and towels inc. in rent * Cot and highchair on request * Ample off road parking * Garden with patio, furniture and BBQ * Bike storage available * Fishing on owner's private ponds * Fishing tuition with on-site fishing instructor available at additional cost (all necessary tackle and bait provided) * Please contact owner directly for more information * Sorry, no pets and no smoking * Shop and pub 5 mins walk * Note: Fishing ponds on-site, please ensure children are supervised at all times.


The menu system introduced in WordPress 3.0 (seems like so long ago now) provides all sorts of easy ways to create custom menus with custom labels. One issue that many people find annoying is removing the link from a parent menu item in WordPress. For example, you may create a custom menu with parent menu items and sub-items underneath the parent items and may not want the parent item to be hyperlinked (i.e. 'clickable').
Of course we can create a menu items under 'Links' and use # as the URL. This means that the menu-item is still hyperlinked but doesn't actually take the visitor to another Page. This can be annoying for your website visitors and they will expect that if they click a hyperlink they will be taken to some other content.
The solution to removing the hyperlink from a parent menu item is actually really quick and simple and doesn't involve any CSS or jQuery knowledge. Just follow the instructions below.
From your WordPress Dashboard go to Appearance -> Menus.
Choose your menu in the Select a menu to edit drop-down.
Under Links type # in the URL field and your preferred text in the Link Text field.
Drag and drop your new menu item to wherever you want it to appear in the menu.
Click the down-arrow next to the word Custom on the menu item we've created above.
In the URL field remove #.
Why not insert an empty Link URL?
For some reason WordPress won't allow adding a Link without something in the URL field. We therefore need to add something into the URL field, add the menu item and then delete the content of the URL field.
Please see an update here.
Amazing fix, worked so well and no CSS makes it extra special.


text:
Essential Elvis, Volume 6 - Such A Night
By Rogier van Luyken, Feb 13, 2000
For a couple of weeks I have Fever, every day when I've just arrived at work, I think Gonna Get Back Home Somehow. Every time when I opened the frontdoor, I'm Coming Home, it went through my mind "postman, please, Make Me Know It… let this CD be there. Because I Believe In the Man in the Sky.. so my prayers will be fulfilled once". Time after time the CD wasn't there… It Hurts Me, and also that Little Sister walking in your way, no, life wasn't easy for this Soldier Boy. In my dreams I almost begged BMG: "Give Me the Right to describe this CD for ElvisNews.com", but I could have walked to Memphis, Tennessee before having the CD in my mailbox…. Of course you are thinking "What is he talking about?". Well, it's been a long time coming, but finally Such a Night: Essential Elvis, Volume 6 arrived. And like any fan I'd rather have a new release yesterday than today. But the waiting has been rewarded and the CD is right in front of me. Let's not beat about the bush: it looks beautifully! On the Internet the cover was called 'a piece of art', and I follow that point of view. It is modern, yet still pervaded with the atmosphere of the sixties, probably because of the nice green colour. On the CD itself is printed with a picture of Elvis reading on a bed. After removing the CD you'll see a photo of Elvis on a police-bike, to me a completely new shot. At the back of the inlay is a collage of articles, letters and session notes, of which I wished to see more, but okay. Under this collage you see the other half of the picture at the front, which is very artistic. It is hard to explain, but when you'll fold the inlay open and you'll see what I mean. The inlay-text is a good story by Collin Escott and Ernst Jorgensen. They give a short shrift to the idea that Elvis didn't record good music with good mucisians in the 60's. A lot of famous names that recorded in the same studio or with the same musicians are scattered around. Impressing, let's hope the press reads this too! After the artwork, it's time for the CD itself now. Except the titletrack, which was released on A Legendary Performer, Volume 2-album (ed.: among others) all tracks are never released before by RCA/BMG, so there's new stuff for a lot of fans. The hardcore Elvisfan has, of course, the dazzling beautiful bootlegseries There's Always Me. That this series was ahead in time shows now, because most of the tracks of Such a Night can be found on There's Always Me, Volume 1. Still Such a Night is, like the (sub)title says, an essential release to have on the shelf. Why? Because, even when you have all takes on bootleg, you'll need this one for the soundquality. It is really in-cre-di-bly good! So clear, so powerful, you won't believe your own ears. In my ears it is even better than the Artist of the Century box, which was already near perfect. It is somewhat strange that the name of the digital engineer isn't available. To me and my ears it is Dennis Ferrante, a magician with sound. Ernst told me during the meeting in Dordrecht (ed.: Dutch fanclub convention) that it is a small, heavy Italian man, going along for a while now and who was even present at recordingsessions of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. All honours to him for this release, because even when you have all takes, they all sound fresh and different. Also all the studio chatter isn't available on There's Always Me. The CD has a good trackorder and is easy to consume, it reallly sounds like you are present at the recordings themselves. It was A night, ooh what A night It Really was!. Personal highlights on this CD: Make Me Know It, Fever, I Believe in ihe Man in the Sky, Little Sister (listen to the bass….wow!), Gonna Get Back Home Somehow (the drummer goes really crazy at the end) and Memphis, Tennessee (warning: don't open your bass completely, otherwise you'll blow your speakers). So how is my verdict on Such a Night? Well, that's an Easy Question: it is first class! Like a speedy Night Rider to the recordshop and fetch that CD, get it for "The Girl of Your Best Friend" too. When you are finally at home and hear Elvis sing There's Always Me, you'll Surrender immediately for the next 53 minutes and enjoy the evening, I mean Such a Night… ElvisNews.com's track by track view: 1 - Such a Night The only track that was released previously. For the first time on "A Legendary Performer, Volume 2", later on the 24 Karat Gold version of Elvis Is Back, among others. It is the version with two false starts, from takes 2 - 4, according to the engineer. 2 - Make Me Know It, take 3 Probably one of the highlights of the CD. Not as clean as the released version, they were still searching, especially the Jordanaires. 3 - Stuck on You, take 2 Close to the original, Elvis "hit a few bad notes", breaks down in the finale. 4 - Fever, take 1 Available on There's Always Me, Volume 1. Also very close to the released version. A great "uh" before "'til you sizzle". 5 - The Girl of My Best Friend, take 6 "Don't speed it up", Elvis told them and he got a relaxed version. Another one of the highlights. 6 - Soldier Boy, take 1 On some of the other tracks you might wonder why they did more takes. On this one you won't: Elvis is obviously not ready for it yet. 7 - Surrender, take 9 Almost the same as the original, great finish. 8 - I Believe in the Man in the Sky, take 1 False start, released before on the "Stand by Me"-bootleg. Very similar to the original too. 9 - Give Me the Right, take 2 Millie Kirkham is really wailing on this one! Splendid! Available on There's Always Me, Volume 3 and Something Complete before. 10 - I'm Coming Home, take 2 Also available on the "There's Always Me"-series (#2) and Something Complete. "Let's start it off in the right tempo" says the engineer. "I need a couple of lines Mr. Sholes, hold it just a sec" was Elvis' reply. The piano solo is marvelous. 11 - There's Always Me, take 9 Bootlegged often, very close to the final cut. 12 - Little Sister, take 9 Another one "from" There's Always Me (3). It's obvious why this is one of the more popular sixties-tracks. False start. 13 - I Met Her Today, take 4 Smooth, smoother, I Met Her Today. Wonderful! 14 - Gonna Get Back Somehow, take 5 Another one that's very close to the original, 24 Carat Gold had this one too. 15 - Night Rider, take 5 24 Carat Gold again... close to the original. 16 - Easy Question, take 1, 2 "Now if we can get this big sonofabitch off the ground we're gonna take off". Elvis doesn't even start in take 1, but holds it because it's to fast. Very relaxed. 17 - Suspicion, take 2 Not as strong as the original, still a good one. Available before, but not on BMG. 18 - Please Don't Drag That String Around, take 1 Much rougher than the polished version we all know. Available on There's Always Me, Volume 1 before. 19 - Memphis, Tennessee, take 5 1964 version, very close to the original. A little less emotion in the "only that I miss her"-verse. 20 - It Hurts Me, take 1 It's the first take... and Elvis did really improve.
Such a Night (incl. false start)
Make Me Know It (take 3)
Stuck on You (take 2)
Fever (take 1)
The Girl of My Best Friend (take 6)
Soldier Boy (take 1)
Surrender (take 9)
I Believe in the Man in the Sky (take 1)
Give Me the Right (take 2)
I'm Coming Home (take 2)
There's Always Me (take 9)
Little Sister (take 9)
I Met Her Today (take 4)
Gonna Get Back Home Somehow (take 5)
Night Rider (take 5)
Easy Question (take 1)
Suspicion (take 2)
Please Don't Drag that String Around (take 1)
Memphis Tennessee (take 5)
It Hurts Me (take 1)
ElvisNews Shop
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Back In Living Stereo
Sessions From Clambake
Fun In Acapulco 3CD
Return To Sender - The Summer of '76


Email: vanderbiltmagazine@vanderbilt.edu. Please send address corrections to Gift Processing Office, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407727, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7727. Vanderbilt Magazine is printed on recycled paper by Lane Press in Burlington, Vt.


One in three people think the UK economy will be doing worse in 12 months time according to research from Kantar Public. The survey of 1,203 adults found that just 16% thought the economy would be better with 52% saying it will be much the same.
Among workers, fear for their job security is growing—only 13% said their job was more safe than a year ago, 45% thought it was the same and 29% of those in work thought their job was less safe. Younger workers felt particularly vulnerable with 37% of 18 to 24-year-olds saying they feel their job is less safe, ResearchLive reported.
The number of people in work in the UK fell for the first time in more than a year in the three months through October, data showed Wednesday, signaling that the labor market may be softening and adding to signs of economic weakness emerging in the aftermath of the Brexit vote.
Deteriorating economic conditions would spell trouble for the ruling Conservatives as they prepare to extricate the UK from the European Union, with formal divorce proceedings due to begin early next year. Analysts say a slowing economy could weaken the UK's negotiating hand, galvanizing proponents of a so-called "soft" Brexit, a model which prioritizes retaining access to the EU's single market over the government's goal of limiting immigration.
The UK employment level in the August-October period fell by 6,000 people, or 0.1 percentage point, on the quarter, while the number of people who are no longer seeking work rose by 76,000, the largest quarterly increase in economic inactivity since mid-2014. The number of people claiming out-of-work benefits in November also rose, by 2,400, while the previous month's figure was revised up significantly, to 13,300.
"This is the first genuine disappointment we have seen in the hard data since the Brexit vote," said Alan Clarke, head of European fixed-income strategy at Scotiabank in London, in a note entitled "The honeymoon is over".


Applicants must be property owners who reside within the Shellfish Protection District and have a direct interest the district.
4 years, upon removal of the Drayton Harbor downgrade, or the district is dissolved by legislative ordinance.
The Drayton Harbor Shellfish Protection District Advisory Committee's duties are to advise the County Council on the proposed actions and operations relating to the restoration of water quality in the Drayton Harbor watershed.


text:
Q: Android Wear detect ambient screen mode Is there a way to detect when the watch is in ambient screen mode? I make a watch face and want to continue to update the clock when the ambient screen mode is on (clock is shown on screen), but I want to stop updating when the screen is off. For now, I start and stop the update in onPause and onResume methods, but the onPause method is called when the ambient screen mode comes on.
Thanks.

A: To be notified of the Ambient mode changed, you have to use a DisplayListener.
You can find the way to do that here

A: The normal way is to use android WearableActivity and implement onEnterAmbient and onExitAmbient.
And of cause, there's another way, use DisplayListener to check whether display state is DOZE or DOZE_SUSPEND.

A: You should implement the AmbientMode.AmbientCallbackProvider
callback instead.
It is the new preferred method and it still gives you the onEnterAmbient(), onAmbientUpdate(), and onExitAmbient() but also lets you use Activity (or any sub classes... FragementActivity, etc.). It also allows you to support the Architecture components.
Official docs call out the details (and example code):
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements AmbientMode.AmbientCallbackProvider {

    /*
     * Declare an ambient mode controller, which will be used by
     * the activity to determine if the current mode is ambient.
     */
    private AmbientMode.AmbientController mAmbientController;
    …
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    ...
        mAmbientController = AmbientMode.attachAmbientSupport(this);
    }
    ...

    …
    @Override
    public AmbientMode.AmbientCallback getAmbientCallback() {
        return new MyAmbientCallback();
    }
    …

private class MyAmbientCallback extends AmbientMode.AmbientCallback {
    @Override
    public void onEnterAmbient(Bundle ambientDetails) {
             // Handle entering ambient mode
    }

    @Override
    public void onExitAmbient() {
      // Handle exiting ambient mode
     }

    @Override
    public void onUpdateAmbient() {
      // Update the content
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dentistry Today, the leading magazine of dental health in the U.S., every year publishes the list of the top 100 dentists who educate dentists with seminars throughout the country. Dr. Utku Ozan, who first entered the list in 78th place in 2005, took 8th place in the 2008 list. The list of the top 100 dentists, which was published under the title "Top Clinicians in Continuing Education" in the December 2008 edition of the magazine, was selected from a field of nearly 5,000 dentists. Dr. Ozan is the only Turk in the list, which is created according to the forms filled out by the dentists that participate in these education seminars.
Dentistry Today Magazine also publishes the list of top 100 dentistry products in their monthly editions. The last list included Ni-Ti Max, a product developed by Dr Ozan's company, Maximum Dental, to be used in root canal treatment.
In addition to being a dentist, Dr. Ozan markets 12 products he developed for better dentistry through his company Maximum Dental. Dr. Ozan holds the patent of 4 of these products himself. One of these products, a medicine developed for dental fillings, is on the market under the "By Dr. Ozan" signature.
Headquartered in Secaucus, New Jersey and having distributors in 17 different countries, Maximum Dental operates with a team of 17 people.
Accredited by American Dental Association and Academy of General Dentistry, Dr. Ozan has the authorization to give seminars to dentists who have to complete a certain number of continuing education credits each year. Dr. Ozan educated 2100 dentists in 86 seminars in 2008. Dr. Ozan visited 19 countries and his 2009 schedule includes seminars in 14 different countries.
Soon, Dr. Ozan is planning to move his education seminars, which includes hands-on training on the latest methods and developments, to interactive media. Dr. Ozan, with the technology he set up in his office in New Jersey, will make it possible for dentists to access his seminars from their offices; therefore avoiding the hassle of traveling.
Having established his own company in September 2007, Dr. Ozan has products in the market, which he developed after the difficulties he faced throughout his years as a dentist, particularly in root canal treatment. Dr. Ozan says, "There is tough competition for us out there from century-old established large companies, both in the U.S. and all over the world, but we trust our products. Our target is to reach the 4th biggest share in the market." Dentsply International, Sybron Dental Specialist & Bressler are the leading dental products companies in the market.
Utku Ozkan is a graduate of Gazi University School of Dentistry and his father was a doctor. He is married and has one child.


text:
Fairphone 3 brings eco-friendly materials to a modern affordable smartphone
By Tom Bedford 27 August 2019
Green (but not in color)
(Image credit: Fairphone)
Eco-friendly smartphones are a sadly under-represented niche, but there's one company making sustainable phones, and it's just released its newest device – the Fairphone 3.
The Fairphone 3 is the successor to the Fairphone 2 (obviously) from Dutch start-up Fairphone (equally obvious), that uses sustainably sourced materials, decent factory working conditions for employees and recycled parts, to create modern smartphones.
These are issues that some other smartphone companies perpetuate, so if you care about the planet (and your fellow humans), Fairphones are worth looking into. So what can you expect from the Fairphone 3?
Check out our thoughts on the Fairphone 2
We spoke to Fairphone's CEO on future Fairphone products
How green is Apple, really?
A modular smartphone
It has a 5.7-inch Full-HD display, and the same chunky design as previous Fairphone handsets - it's not the slick, premium aesthetic we've become accustomed to in the mid-range these days.
It comes with a rear-mounted fingerprint scanner, a new feature for the brand, and the same modular design as its predecessors – this means you can easily take it apart if one part breaks, and you don't have to rely on repair shops.
The device has an IP54 protection rating, which gives it limited protection against dust and splashing but not immersion in water or too many particles. While the Fairphone 3 comes from the ground, you might want to be careful in case it returns there.
The Fairphone 3 comes with Android 9 onboard, which is the newest available Google operating system. Also, it has NFC, which is a useful feature for people who like to do banking on their phone. The device runs on Snapdragon 632, a decent mid-range chipset which should provide enough power.
Another slightly disappointing aspect is photography, with the Fairphone 3 packing a single 12MP rear camera and 8MP front-facing snapper.
These are fairly low-end camera specs, and in general the Fairphone 3 resembles an affordable smartphone, down to the 3.5mm headphone jack which many high-end devices have dropped.
The Fairphone 3 has a USB-C port, but there's no charger or USB-C cable included in the box, so you're going to need to already own one. There's a 3,000mAh battery too, with an unspecified level of fast charging. This battery is removable, unlike nearly all other smartphone power packs, which is part of the aforementioned modular design.
In terms of price, the Fairphone 3 costs €450 – that converts to roughly $500 / £400 / AU$740, although we expect the price will vary quite a bit by region, and we don't know exactly where the device will launch.
That price is for a device with 4GB RAM and 64GB internal memory, which can be expanded with a microSD card.
You can pick up the phone in the UK from Sky Mobile currently, and we'll let you know if more carriers in various regions join that list.
The Fairphone 3 has a reasonable set of features, but faces tough competition from the 'affordable flagships' from the likes of OnePlus, Honor, Oppor and Xiaomi at its mid-range price point – but when you consider the cash you spend goes to making a more sustainable phone with better working conditions for the people who make it, is that not better than having more cameras or higher-end specs?
TechRadar is going to bring the Fairphone 3 into its labs soon to see how well it truly runs though, so stay tuned for our full review.
Fungus headphones could be the future of making tech more sustainable


text:
USMC Identifies Marine Killed in Training Crash at Camp Pendleton
It was the second fatal rollover in a month at the base camp
By NBC 7 Staff	• Published at 5:41 pm on May 10, 2019
A Camp Pendleton Marine who was killed in a training accident that also wounded six other Marines was identified Friday as 1st Lt. Hugh C. McDowell, 24, of Washington D.C.
1st Lt. McDowell, a platoon commander assigned to the 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, was in a Light Armored Vehicle rollover at around 9 a.m., according to the 1st Marine Division.
McDowell joined the U.S. Marine Corps in 2017, and has received awards including the National Defense Service Medal and the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal.
The six injured Marines were taken to Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla. Officials said their injuries were not serious. The 1st Marine Division said Friday that all were in stable condition.
"We recognize that military operations are inherently dangerous and we take extreme precautions to ensure the safety and welfare of our Marines. This is a tragic accident and we are heartbroken at the loss of a member of our Marine Corps family. We will do all we can to comfort the family, friends and colleagues of Lt McDowell," a statement from 1st Marine Division said.
Camp Pendleton officials are investigating the circumstances of the accident.
Staff Sgt. Joshua Braica, 29, of Sacramento, died April 13 at the camp when the tactical vehicle he was driving rolled over.
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton was established in 1942 and has since been home to various Marine and Navy units for "expanding training opportunities," according to the base's website.
No other information was available.


MAIDUGURI, Nigeria (AP) -- Twenty-one of the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapped by Boko Haram Islamic extremists more than two years ago have been freed in negotiations, officials said Thursday.
Some 197 girls remain captive, though it is not known how many of them may have died.
The freed girls, the first to be released as a result of government action, are in the custody of Nigeria's Department of State Services, Nigeria's secret intelligence agency, according to presidential spokesman Garba Shehu.
He said their release was negotiated between the government and Boko Haram in talks brokered by the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss government. He said negotiations will continue for the release of the other students.
"We are extremely delighted and grateful," said the Bring Back Our Girls movement on Facebook. The group, which has campaigned within Nigeria and internationally for the release of the students, said it awaits the names of the released girls.
Boko Haram long has offered to free the girls in exchange for detained leaders of the group. It was unclear if an exchange has taken place. The ICRC in the past had tried to negotiate a swap, which failed. Information Minister Lai Mohammed said last month that negotiations last year ended when Boko Haram demanded a ransom of $5.2 billion for the girls' freedom.
The abduction of 276 schoolgirls in April 2014 and the government's failure to quickly free them has caused international outrage and brought Boko Haram, Nigeria's home-grown Islamic extremist group, to the world's attention. Dozens of the girls escaped on their own, but most remain missing.
In May, one of the girls, Amina Ali Nkeki, escaped on her own. Shortly after her release Nkeki told her family that some of the kidnapped girls died of illness and that others, like her, have been married to fighters and are pregnant or already have babies, her mother told the press.
Since then Nkeki has been in the custody of the secret service where she is receiving medical care and trauma counseling, according to President Muhammadu Buhari's government. The government has been criticized for keeping her isolated. The Bring Back Our Girls group and Human Rights Watch have asked whether Nkeki now is a detainee of the government.


text:
The Palencia mining basin is a Spanish coal mining area located on the southern slope of the Cantabrian mountain range. It owes its name to its location, in the north of the province of Palencia, in the region of Montaña Palentina. Its main exploitations are black coal and anthracite.

Palencia's Carboniferous outcrops are located in the so-called Pisuerga-Carrión Unit, a metamorphic area that constitutes the easternmost part of the geological regions of the Cantabrian Area. They extend for about 55 km in a SW-NE direction in the north of the province.

The discovery of coal in this area took place in 1838 between the towns of Orbó and Barruelo, in the eastern part of the basin, so they were the first areas to begin its exploitation. Coal mining completely changed the economy and demography of the region, becoming its main economic means and facilitating the installation of infrastructures for its transport, such as La Robla Railroad and the Barruelo–Quintanilla de las Torres railway branch.

It was the country's main source of energy during the autarky of the 1950s, but from the 1960s onwards it began a period of recession when it was replaced by other hydrocarbons, and received its final blow with Spain's entry into the European Economic Community in 1986, which led to the closure of all unprofitable installations. During the nineties, all mining operations were gradually closed, until they were reduced to two underground mines in Velilla del Río Carrión and two open-pit mines in the municipalities of Guardo and Castrejón de la Peña. In 2012 UMINSA announced the indefinite closure of all its mines in the province, which was carried out throughout 2014.

The influence of almost two centuries of mining activity has been very important in aspects such as the natural landscape, demography, economy, sociology and culture of the area.

Geographical context

Topography

The Montaña Palentina is a natural region characterized by the mountainous landscape that gives it its name. It is located in the central sector of the Cantabrian Mountain Range, and its relief is characterized by a strong contrast between the river valleys and the mountainous elevations. The Ministry of Agriculture grants the region the status of High Mountain Area, according to Law 25/1982. Within it are distinguished, from west to east, three mountainous areas:

 Fuentes Carrionas and La Pernía Occidental, in the westernmost part of the area, next to the provincial borders with Cantabria and León, where the highest elevations of the region are located: Curavacas (2520 masl), Espigüete (2450 m) and Pico Murcia (2431 m).
 Sierra del Brezo and La Peña, extending some 30 km from Fuentes Carrionas to the Pisuerga basin, with Peña del Fraile (2025 m) and Peña Redonda (1993 m) as the highest peaks.
 Sierra Braña, Sierra de Peña Labra and Sierra de Híjar, in the easternmost part of the region, next to the provincial border with Cantabria. Its most representative peaks are Valdecebollas (2139 m), Peña Sestil (2063 m) and Peña Labra (2029 m).

In the Montaña Palentina there are two important sedimentary basins, the Douro basin, with the source in the area of two important affluents: the Carrión and the Pisuerga; and the Ebro basin, which crosses a small portion to the NE of the region.

Geographic subdivision

Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa, one of the first historians to document the basin, established in 1874 in his Libro de Palencia the first geographical subdivision of the Palencia mining area:

 Rubagón basin: the area around the Rubagón river, with Barruelo de Santullán and Orbó as main centers.
 Carrión basin: in the vicinity of the Carrión river, with the farms of Guardo, Velilla del Río Carrión and Santibáñez de la Peña as centers.
 Pisuerga basin: mining operations north of Cervera de Pisuerga, mainly La Pernía and San Salvador de Cantamuda.

This subdivision carried out in the 19th century has continued to be considered valid by modern authors.

Subdivision by rank

Black Coal
Black coal is mainly found around the Santullán valley, with the main center being the town of Barruelo. It was the geologist Casiano de Prado who was the first to study the León and Palencia coal basins. According to a study published in 1875 by Román Oriol y Vidal, the coal layers were mainly found in Valle, Orbó, Barruelo and San Cebrián de Mudá, although they also extended as far as Guardo in the western part and towards Verdeña, San Salvador de Cantamuda, Lores and Piedrasluengas in the north. According to this study, there are 16 layers of coal in the valley divided into three groups: the lower group, comprising the four oldest layers of the formation, which were already being exploited at the time; the middle group, made up of eight layers, also being exploited; and the upper group, composed of three layers of good condition and a fourth of poor quality. From the lower to the middle group it was estimated a distance of 100 m, and from this one to the upper one a distance of about 500 m, being the thickness of each layer of approximately one meter. Its reserves are estimated at 75 million tons, plus another probable 50 million tons.

Anthracite
The anthracite basin is located in the northwest of the province, from the border with the province of León to Cervera de Pisuerga. It is a narrow strip bounded to the north by the mountainous elevations of Fuentes Carrionas and Sierra del Brezo and to the south by the towns of Velilla del Río Carrión, Guardo, Santibáñez de la Peña, Castrejón de la Peña and Dehesa de Montejo. Further north, there is another center around La Pernía and San Salvador de Cantamuda.

This area is estimated to consist of ten to twelve anthracite layers of varying quality, approximately one meter thick. Reserves are estimated to be about 85 million tons certain plus another probable 20 million tons.

Geology

General geology

The Palencia mining basin is located on the so-called Pisuerga-Carrión Unit, which is the easternmost part of the geological regions of the Cantabrian Area.

It is composed of Paleozoic materials on which the Quaternary deposits of the northern end of the Douro basin are based. The Carboniferous system, which extends for about 55 km in a SW-NE direction through the north of the province of Palencia, is characterized by the presence of series of sediments with important facies variations. The outcrops of the Lower Carboniferous are very homogeneous and are linked to the Devonian, so they are considered pre-orogenic, while from the Namurian onwards their composition is much more complex and varies depending on the area, having differentiated at least five areas with different stratigraphic characteristics.

The carboniferous sediments of the Palencia basin belong to four sequential periods marked by successive tectonic phases: Westphalian, Stephanian and Lower Pre-Permian. Although both basins (coal and anthracite) were intensely folded during the Asturian phase of the Westphalian A, their origin, as shown below, is different.

Geology by area

Black coal basin
The black coal basin dates to the Westphalian B phase of the Carboniferous period. Sedimentation in this basin was mainly deltaic, composed mainly of marine phases between which continental episodes were interspersed with coal beds. Filling took place during two stages: Westphalian B basal deposits and Westphalian C shales, peats and limestones.

In this subarea of Barruelo, of mainly marine sedimentation, the thickness of the sedimentary succession is about 8000 m. Six lithostratigraphic units with coal layers have been distinguished, with the following yield:

 Peña Cildá Formation: >500 m
 Barruelo Formation: 1200 m
 Brañosera Formation: 870 m
 Ojosa Formation: >2200 m
 Vergaño Formation: 1350 m

Anthracite basin
The Guardo-Cervera subarea belongs to the Westphalian D period. Unlike the Barruelo subarea (predominantly marine), this basin is of continental influence. Its sedimentary series rests on the remains of the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous, and is composed of mainly continental sections alternating with marine ones.

The carboniferous belt that extends from Guardo to Cervera de Pisuerga is originated by the alpine movement that gave rise to the Sierra del Brezo, which dragged a carboniferous formation from the interior of the plateau to fold over the Cantabrian mountain range, forming a fault where the carboniferous deposits are located.

Petrography
According to a study published in the specialized journal Geogaceta in 2006, coals from the Guardo-La Pernía area reach the anthracite grade depending on their volatile matter content. It also indicates that the high rank reached by the coals in this area, as well as the presence of natural coke and pyrocarbons in them, implies their exposure to high temperatures and an important thermal alteration. As a conclusion, it is pointed out that the tectonics of the area has had an important influence on the range and the physical-structural characteristics of its coals.

The coal from the Santullán valley and Rubagón basin is classified as black coal, and belongs to the so-called Northern Coal Formation, which also includes the deposits of Asturias and León, with which it shares characteristics. Hard coal is an organic sedimentary rock, a type of coal formed by the compression of lignite.

Mining activity

History

Context

Two facts conditioned the beginning of mining activity in the northern part of the province of Palencia: the need for coal for the new technology that arose after the Industrial Revolution and the new mining legislation enacted in Spain at the time.

The appearance of the steam engine, the driving force of the industrial revolution that began in the second half of the 18th century, increased the world's consumption of fossil fuels, especially coal. Its application to the railroad, the means of transportation that revolutionized this era, led to the mine, the factory and the railroad as the generating agents.

In Spain, the need to liberalize the mining sector and favor private initiative allowed successive modifications in the legislation, and the reform carried out by Fausto de Elhuyar in 1825 under the reign of Ferdinand VII was followed by the definitive Mining Law of 1868, which allowed the definitive transfer of the ownership of the mines, previously owned by the Crown, to the hands of private investors.

The beginning of coal mining in Spain was in Asturias, where the mining engineer Guillermo Schulz carried out between 1832 and 1834 a precise geological study that allowed the exact location of the black coal deposits. At the end of the 1830s, the first mining companies were born in the area, which would give rise to other more powerful ones, such as Duro Felguera.

First prospections

 Black coal basin

The versatile Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa attributes in his writings the discovery of coal in the Montaña Palentina to the parish priest of Salcedillo, Ciriaco del Río, in 1838. According to Becerro de Bengoa, the priest (who a few days before had read an article in a newspaper about coal and its exploitation) was returning one afternoon from Aguilar de Campoo when, between the towns of Orbó and Barruelo, he found some pieces of black stone on his way. After verifying that the mineral burned and kept the heat, he ascertained the presence of greater quantities, contacting the mining company Collantes of Reinosa to begin the exploitation of the deposit. This thesis is maintained by the existing historiography on the subject.

The first company to carry out an industrial exploitation of the mines was the Collantes Hermanos Company, constituted for that purpose, and which acquired several concessions in the area in 1846. In 1856, this company sold its holdings to the Crédito Mobiliario Español, which would carry out the extraction and distribution of the mineral. At that time, it was transported in animal-drawn carts to Alar del Rey, from where it was transported in barges through the Canal de Castilla to Valladolid, from where it was distributed. This system made the final price of the product considerably more expensive, so the construction of the Barruelo-Quintanilla de las Torres railway branch was undertaken, which linked with the Palencia-Santander railroad and was put into operation in December 1863. Thanks to this infrastructure, Barruelan black coal began to compete with that produced in other areas, multiplying its production, which reached 53,740 tons in 1865, and would make the province the second in Spain in terms of coal production. Between 1901 and 1910, the Rubagon basin produced 1,200,150 tons.

 Anthracite basin

The beginning of anthracite mining in the Palencia basin was later than that of black coal, and it was not fully developed until the construction of La Robla railroad. Thus, its activity cannot be considered productive until 1895, with extractions carried out by the Bilbao company Sociedad Euskaro-Castellana in the area of Guardo. In 1900, mining was activated in Villaverde de la Peña, La Pernía and Castrejón de la Peña, the latter initiated by Claudio López Bru, Marquis of Comillas, who acquired the main mines in the municipality.

From 1908 onwards, the activity in Guardo was taken over by the Sociedad Minera San Luis, which acquired the Euskaro-Castellana mines and in a short time became the main company in the area. The other great center of the Palencia anthracite, Velilla del Río Carrión, would not experience its definitive hatching until a few years later, although the presence of several layers in its vicinity had already been confirmed.

 La Robla Railway

The construction of La Robla Railroad meant the definitive backing for the development of mining in the province of Palencia. Its project was due to the great importance acquired by the metallurgical industry in Biscay at the end of the 19th century (since 1902, Altos Hornos de Vizcaya), and its important repercussion in the Spanish industrial development. The main problem of this industry was the high cost of transporting the coal needed to produce the coke used to feed the blast furnaces. This fuel reached the Biscayan ports by sea, coming from Asturias and England. This fact caused that the porcentual importance of the fuel in the production cost of the iron ingot in Biscay doubled and even tripled what it represented in other iron and steel areas such as Pittsburgh, Loire or Westphalia. The need arose for an efficient means of transport to link the isolated Palencia and Leon basins with the emerging Basque steel mills. The chosen one was the railroad, which after the Industrial Revolution had become the most advantageous land transport.

There were several projects to solve this communications problem during the end of the 19th century. After the study of possible variants, the final project, which linked the towns of La Robla in León and Balmaseda in Biscay, the work of the prestigious mining engineer from Guipuzcoa, Mariano Zuaznavar, was presented to the Cortes on 26 November 1889. Zuaznavar (1841–1916), with great experience in mining operations, convinced the Bilbao businessmen of the economic interest of investing in the project, in such a way that the shareholders of the railroad were also the owners of the mining operations. The works were carried out very quickly. On 6 October 1892 —in barely two years— the first section was inaugurated, between Valmaseda and Espinosa de los Monteros, 45 km long and overcoming one of the greatest unevenness of the route. The main section of the line (Valmaseda-La Robla) was inaugurated in 1894, barely four years after the beginning of the works. Subsequently, two branches were added to connect with the cities of León and Bilbao.

The take-off

The First World War (1914–1918) meant a great increase in the national coal production, particularly in the Palencia basin. The great demand caused by the cessation of exports from large producers such as the United Kingdom, added to the improvement in local infrastructures, especially thanks to La Robla railroad, which ran through practically the entire basin, allowed the sector to experience a boom for which it was not prepared, so prices skyrocketed. During this period, from 63,906 ton of anthracite extracted in 1914 to 228,762 ton in 1918, the transport capacity of the coal railroad was reduced during this period. This bonanza allowed important extractive companies to emerge in the area: Minera San Luis in Guardo, Antracitas de Velilla in Velilla del Río Carrión, Minas de Castilla la Vieja y Jaén in Villaverde de la Peña, and the Sociedad Cántabro Bilbaína in Santibáñez de la Peña.

The Barruelo coal basin, on the other hand, had maintained during this period a production destined to feed the locomotives of the Compañía de Ferrocarriles del Norte, which was also the owner of the exploitations, after buying them from the Sociedad de Crédito Español. In 1922, the company subdivided its different activities and created the company Minas de Barruelo, absorbing the Orbó mines in 1929, leaving the entire coal mining area in the hands of the same company. This basin was hardly affected by the crisis in the sector in the 1920s, caused by the end of the Great War, as it continued to sell its production to the railroads.

Workers Revolution and Civil War

 Beginnings of trade unionism

The working conditions in the mines at the beginning of the 20th century have been defined by historians as deplorable. At the end of the Restoration, workers' associations had already acquired a certain importance, and with the advent of the Second Republic (1931), the trade union centers gained special prominence in the area, especially the Sindicato Minero Castellano de la Unión General de Trabajadores, of socialist ideology.

By the end of the 1920s the trade union movement had acquired growing importance in the Barruelo basins, where the UGT already had about 900 members, and Guardo, where in 1932, with those of Velilla and Villanueva, it had 901 members. Thus, the first important mobilizations of the mining sector in Palencia took place: in September 1933 the first great mining strike was declared in the region, supported by almost all the miners (about 3500 at that time), demanding better working conditions, and which lasted for 24 days. The miners' demands were met by the employers due to their perseverance.

On the other hand, the political influence was already great in the society of the time. In the summer of 1934, in the towns of Barruelo and Guardo, there were rallies of socialist militants with thousands of attendees from the provinces of Palencia, León and Santander, which constituted a great demonstration of strength.

 Workers' revolution

When the Second Republic was proclaimed, Palencia produced about 200,000 tons of black coal and 100,000 tons of anthracite per year. After the triumph of the CEDA in the 1933 elections, the unions and left-wing political groups encouraged the so-called Revolution of 1934, which resulted in serious disturbances in the north of Palencia. On 5 October, the miners of Barruelo took up arms and took control of the town, resulting in the death of a lieutenant colonel and two members of the Civil Guard, as well as the director of the Colegio Marista, Plácido Fábrega Juliá, known as Brother Bernardo and beatified by the Catholic Church in 2007. The socialist mayor and four miners were also killed in these clashes. In Guardo, the miners stormed and set fire to the Civil Guard barracks, losing the life of an officer during the clashes. The arrival of the army caused the revolutionaries to flee to the mountains, who later surrendered to the authorities. In the Barruelo basin, 130 workers were arrested, while in the Guardo basin, historian Faustino Narganes Quijano points out that 236 were arrested, all of them being transferred to the provincial prison of Burgos. In addition, there was a strong repression of the miners' collective and the dismissal of the leaders of the town councils of Guardo and Barruelo. Due to the escapes and arrests, at the end of 1935 the mining industries had approximately 40% of their workforces.

 Civil War

The repression of the miners and the suppression of their unions meant that the Civil War did not have great repercussions in the area, which quickly fell into the hands of the rebel side. When the uprising took place, the miners declared a general strike and many of them fled to the mountains, establishing the front in the vicinity of Barruelo and the border with Cantabria. These fighters then went to Reinosa, while those from Guardo went to Cistierna, to fight with the Republican side.

After the conflict ended, the collective was not spared from Franco's repression and continued to pay the consequences of the events of 1934. It is estimated that about 120 residents of Barruelo, Brañosera, Orbó and Vallejo de Orbó were killed during this period. According to historian Pablo García Colmenares, "the mining community would be forced to endure, until the sixties, the new situation of subjugation and control".

The autarky
The autarky established by Franco's regime, forced by the international isolation to which it was subjected in its early years, resorted to coal as the main source of energy, so the basin was greatly favored, experiencing significant progress during the 1950s. This increase in production was not accompanied by an improvement in the productive structure, so the mining industry became obsolete and this flourishing period was the precursor of its definitive crisis.

After the war, the Baruelan mines became state property, specifically belonging to the state railroad network and managed by RENFE. Once again, the black coal was used to fuel the boilers of the company's old steam locomotives. However, the mismanagement became evident when at the end of the decade RENFE began the electrification of its lines, and the coal region lost its main client. This fact, together with the beginning of imports of other energy sources, meant an insurmountable obstacle for the management of the exploitations, so the State decided to privatize them.

 The Velilla Power Plant

The project to build a thermal power plant in the area was conceived at the end of the 1950s to take advantage of the coal production in the basin. The company Iberduero —under the name of Terminor, S. A., in partnership with Electra de Viesgo— chose a site adjacent to the Carrión River, within the municipality of Velilla del Río Carrión. Connected to the electricity grid in June 1964, the thermal power plant became the main recipient of coal from Palencia, guaranteeing the survival of many of its exploitations. The percentages of coal acquired for consumption represented up to 80% of the production of some of the mining companies in the area. During its first year of operation, the plant consumed 222,169 ton of coal.

Decline

In 1966 the Hullera Vasco-Leonesa Mining Company acquired the Barruelo mines, presenting an ambitious restructuring project aimed at improving the productivity of its coal basin. But in 1967, alleging the failure of the State to comply with the agreements reached, the company declared the total crisis of the facilities and requested the Labor Delegation to close them and dismiss all its employees. In spite of the serious economic consequences of the closure for both the basin and the State, between 1969 and 1972, all the operations in the area were closed, which led to a significant emigration of the population. The last attempt to reactivate the basin took place in 1980, when the company Hullas de Barruelo, S. A. (HUBASA) was formed and took over the operations with an initial staff of 50 workers.

Spain's entry into the European Economic Community in 1986 went from being a threat to Palencia's mining industry to the material closure of many of its installations, since the Community policy set guidelines in line with the progressive closure of all unprofitable mines. From that year onwards there was a period of strikes, with the aim of avoiding the dismantling of the basins. Thus, between 1985 and 1991, four general strikes were called in the sector. In May 1988, the mining industry in Palencia experienced its most agitated mobilizations, being paralyzed by protests and manifestations due to the negotiations of the collective bargaining agreement. In Guardo, the miners blocked the accesses by road and the entrance to the railroad at the Velilla thermal power plant, leading to confrontations with the anti-riot troops sent to the area.

On 20 December 1989, the European Commission issued its decision to initiate the coal mining reconversion process and the reduction of aid to the Spanish Government, which began to subsidize those mines that reduced their production. This coincided with the crisis of the Bergel Group, a mining company which grouped together the companies Antracitas de Besande (with operations in Velilla del Río Carrión), Cántabro Bilbaína (with activities in Villanueva de Arriba and Santibáñez de la Peña) and Felipe Villanueva (Villaverde de la Peña and Dehesa de Montejo). Bergel filed for bankruptcy in June 1990, causing the disappearance of the three Palencia farms and the dismissal of its 328 employees.

Dismantling

The closure of mining facilities in Montaña Palentina was progressive since 1990. Antracitas Valdehaya in Guardo and Minera Palentina in Lores were added to the closures of the Bergel Group. During this period, open pit mining of coal reserves also began in Guardo and Velilla del Río Carrión. Despite being considered essential by the businessmen for the survival of the sector, the open-pit mines aroused from the beginning the mistrust of part of the population, who, through anti-cutting coordinators, opposed the projects, arguing ecological reasons. In Guardo, the Plataforma Antidesmontes became a political force that even ran in the municipal elections.

In October 1998, Hullas de Barruelo became part of Unión Minera del Norte (UMINSA), owned by the Victorino Alonso group, which controlled most of the mining operations in the north of the country. The dependence of the Barruelo basin on public subsidies was already very great, and after successive cuts in these subsidies, on 1 September 2005, UMINSA closed its last facility in the coal mining area, transferring its 40 workers to its facilities at "El Abuelo" in Velilla del Río Carrión.

In September 1999, the Junta of Castile and León authorized the takeover by UMINSA of all the remaining companies in the sector in the Palencia basin: Antracitas de Velilla in Velilla del Rio Carrion, Antracitas del Norte in Aviñante and Velilla de Tarilonte, Sociedad Minera San Luis in Guardo, Antracitas de San Claudio (which a few months earlier had closed its last subway mine) in Castrejon de la Peña and Antracitas de Montebismo in La Pernia. Only San Isidro, with a small operation in Velilla del Río Carrión, remained outside the domain of Victorino Alonso's group. At that time, 635 workers were employed in the basin, and its total production was 520,000 ton per year.

However, UMINSA continued with the policy of closing operations started years before: thus, in 2003 it closed the last shaft of the company San Luis in Guardo, and in 2004 the Peruscales shaft (the last one in the Sierra del Brezo, in Aviñante) and the "Montebismo" in San Juan de Redondo (the last mining operation in La Pernía). In Velilla del Río Carrión, in 2007, work ceased in "El Abuelo", concentrating the activity in the Las Cuevas shaft, located next to the border with the province of León.

Expectations

In 2009, the only active mining shafts in the province of Palencia were located in the municipality of Velilla del Río Carrión and were "San Isidro", owned by Carbones San Isidro y María, with 16 employees, and "Las Cuevas", owned by UMINSA and considered the most modern mine in Europe. However, both mines ceased operations in 2014. UMINSA is also the owner of the only two open pit mines, located near the towns of Muñeca de la Peña and Traspeña de la Peña, which, together with the Las Cuevas pit, employ 140 workers.

The future of the activity was uncertain when the European Union proposed to maintain public aid to the sector until 2014, on the condition that all the loss-making farms, including all those in Asturias, León and Palencia, would close that year. The fear of the disappearance of the activity in the Palencia basin led the Junta of Castile and León to ally with the employers and trade unions seeking the support of the Government to try to rectify this proposal of the European Commission.

The situation in the basin became even more complicated when in the summer of 2010, due to its lack of liquidity, UMINSA (attributing its situation to the fact that the thermal power plants had stopped acquiring coal) stopped paying the miners' salaries in July. Faced with this prospect, on 2 September 52 miners began a lockout inside the Las Cuevas shaft, demanding a solution to their situation. The miners abandoned the blockade 27 days later, on 29 September, when the European Commission authorized the Spanish government to subsidize electricity companies that use indigenous coal for their production. Initially, the Commission confirmed 31 December 2014 as the deadline for these subsidies, but, following a new proposal, in December it extended the deadline to 2018.

Product destination

The destination of the coal extracted in the Palencia basin varied over the years according to industrial needs. With the inauguration of La Robla railroad in 1894, the Basque iron and steel industry was the preferred destination for the coal mines in Palencia and León. The coal transported by the coal carrier in its first years of operation was as follows:

In the 1950s, coal consumption in Spain diversified by sectors, with an increase in its use due to the autarky at the beginning of the Franco regime. In 1950, 24% of the production was dedicated to railroads, 12% to thermal power stations, 10% to domestic consumption, 6% to the cement industry, 3.6% to mining, 3.3% to marine navigation and 3.1% to the textile industry as main consumers.

In 1958, La Robla train reached its record of coal transported, with 908,464 tons, although this was only the starting point of its definitive decline. From 1964, with the start-up of the Velilla thermal power plant, this installation was the main consumer of coal from Palencia. In its first year of operation, the plant consumed 222,169 tons of coal, of which 141,259 tons were anthracite and the rest black coal. In 1968, of the 246,484 ton of anthracite consumed by the plant, 179,573 ton came from the Palencia basin, which produced 371,348 ton that year, thus devoting 48.3% of its production to Terminor.

The electrification of the RENFE lines at the end of the 1950s, which meant the end of its consumption of black coal, and already in the 1970s, the search for more profitable alternatives to feed the blast furnaces, industrial restructuring and the dismantling of a large part of the blast furnaces led to the disappearance of coal consumption in both industries, which meant the beginning of the end of the sector. In 1984, the expansion of the Velilla thermal power plant took place, which increased the coal quotas, adversely affected by the beginning of the import of foreign coal by Iberdrola. In 2008, the coal quota that UMINSA, the coal mining company in the Palencia basin, had been allocated for the Velilla thermal power plant was 450,000 ton per year.

Working conditions

The hard working conditions in the mines, especially in the first years of their exploitation, meant that the accident rate in the Palencia basin was very high. The most serious accident in its history occurred in the famous Pozo Calero de Barruelo, when on 21 April 1941, 18 miners died and another 19 were injured due to a firedamp explosion. The "Calero", closed in 2002, has, according to the records of the Mines Headquarters, the sad record of having registered for years an average of 12 deaths per year. For a time, the Barruelo mines were considered the most dangerous in Spain. The book El Pozo Calero documents the data of 165 miners who died in the area between 1915 and 2000.

The mines in the anthracite basin were free of firedamp, so most of the accidents that occurred in these mines were due to collapses in the galleries. According to the archives of the mining section of the Territorial Service of Industry, Commerce and Tourism of the Junta of Castile and León, between 1956 and 1997 alone, 116 miners died in this area as a result of occupational accidents.

The physical consequences of working in the mines were also felt among the mining population, especially those suffering from an occupational disease: silicosis. One of the greatest experts on the subject, the Palencia physician Silvano Izquierdo, defined this disease as "a pulmonary fibrosis caused by the prolonged inhalation of siliceous dust". In 1980 a study was carried out on the subject, titled Estudio sobre la silicosis en Palencia, by the Lung and Heart Service of the San Telmo Provincial Hospital of Palencia, published by the Tello Téllez de Meneses Institution. According to this study, between 1973 and 1978 Social Security diagnosed a total of 832 cases of silicosis in the Palencia basin. This data contrasts with those offered by the Technical Qualifying Commission of occupational diseases in Palencia, which between 1974 and 1979 carried out 2463 examinations, determining 1282 cases. This study emphasizes the importance of the fact that silicosis is the most frequent respiratory disease in the whole province.

Influence exerted by mining activity

Physical environment
Coal mining has caused a scene of disorganization in a large part of the Montaña Palentina, caused by the large dumps and the headframes of abandoned shafts. This landscape, together with the presence of mine entrances and railway installations, has become common in the places where there were mining operations, and in recent years the institutions have tried to turn it into a tourist resource through the National Plan for Industrial Heritage, although their interventions have been minimal.

One of the mining activities with the greatest environmental impact is open-pit mining. The first clear-cutting carried out in the Barruelo basin, by HUBASA in 1993, was debated in the Cortes of Castile and León, where it was considered an "ecological disaster" by a socialist representative. At the beginning of the 1980s, the first clearings carried out in the region of Guardo awakened an important citizen movement against this type of exploitation. In 2006, the president of UMINSA, Victorino Alonso, presented a proposal to the town council of Guardo demanding the open-pit exploitation of 500 ha within the municipality, committing himself to hire all the local youth. The local Anti-Cutting Platform mobilized to warn of its distrust of the proposal and the full council unanimously decided to reject the offer, in addition to declaring protected all public forest in the municipality to prevent future clearing.

According to a report published in 1988 by the Consejería de Fomento of the Junta of Castile and León, open-pit mining had caused severe environmental impacts in the region caused by discharges from washes, runoff from dumps and the disappearance of vegetation cover, generating a significant alteration in an environment of great scenic value. It also cites as one of the areas subject to the greatest alteration the Corcos mountain, in the municipality of Guardo, where the largest and highest quality Quercus pyrenaica forest in the province is located, altered by mining activity. In the area around Barruelo, the study refers to the serious environmental impact produced by the inland mining dumps, as well as the pollution suffered by the Rubagón river.

Demographics
The influence of the mining industry on the demography of the main population centers in the area was decisive. The following table shows the evolution of the population in the main municipalities from 1837 to the present.

Note: In color, the maximums reached. The color corresponds to the color assigned to the same municipality in the graph on the right.

Economy

The economic activity of the area before the appearance of coal was based on subsistence economy, with agriculture and livestock being its basic activities, as well as the use of its forest resources. With the proliferation of mining exploitations, the inhabitants of the region dedicated themselves to work in the mines, which turned this activity into the main economic resource of Montaña Palentina throughout the 20th century. In addition to the direct jobs generated by the mining industry, many other indirect jobs were created, derived from the maintenance and repair of the infrastructures used by the mines and the transport of materials. During the boom of the 1950s, there was also a significant proliferation of stores and entertainment venues, supported by the economic bonanza of the decade.

With the beginning of the dismantling of the mines, the government, through the Ministry of Industry and Energy, launched the Coal Mining and Alternative Development Plan for the Mining Regions (Plan Miner) with the aim of reactivating the economy of the mining areas in recession, which, however, has not been able to alleviate the gradual loss of inhabitants in the region.

Sociology
The influence of mining activity on the sociology of the region has manifested itself in very different ways throughout its almost two centuries of existence. The first substantial modification it produced in its social environment was the transformation of a society dedicated in a high percentage to agriculture and animal husbandry, which started to massively adopt mining as a means of subsistence.

The mining companies would have a great influence on the society of the time. In the middle of the 19th century, these companies began to finance the construction of houses for the workers, which, together with the labor commissaries that were set up, and the creation of schools, cultural and financial centers, such as the Caja de Socorros Mutuos (a provident fund to cover sick leave) and savings banks, meant that the companies had almost absolute control of the towns.

Another phenomenon that took place, as opposed to the previous one, and profusely studied in literary circles, was that of workers' associations, which began in 1900, when the syndicate La Unión was created in Barruelo de Santullán. This associationism would have special repercussions in events such as the Workers' Revolution of 1934.

After the Civil War, and benefited by the protectionism on coal that originated the autarky and the energetic necessity, a migratory movement towards the mining basins arose with origin in more rural areas of the country, and in the 1960s it was precisely the population of the region that began an important migratory process especially with destiny to the powerful industrial fabric of Biscay.

At the end of the 20th century, the decline of mining activity brought with it a demographic phenomenon that affected the composition of the population of former mining municipalities: the majority presence of older people and retirees, caused by the emigration of the younger population to areas with more job opportunities and the increase in early retirements in the mining industry, aimed at reducing the companies' workforces. Between 1998 and 2008, more than 300 workers in the Palencia basin took early retirement, which has further reduced the percentage of the workforce.

Culture

Due to the growing demand for information about mining in Palencia, and to preserve its historical heritage, the Mining Interpretation Center was inaugurated in 1999 in Barruelo de Santullán. The complex consists of a mine that can be visited, a cultural center and a mining interpretation area. The museum area has 600 m2 of exhibition space, where the technical and human aspects of mining, as well as the geographical environment of the area, are shown through a thematic and interactive tour. During its first year of operation, the museum was visited by about 22,000 people.

In Velilla del Río Carrión, since 2007, the National Mining Shoring Contest has been held as part of the events of the mining festival, celebrated on the day of Saint Barbara (4 December). The contest consists of an exhibition of shoring similar to that carried out inside the mine, which consists of the construction and placement of wooden frames for the containment of the galleries, valuing the quality and speed used for its installation.

The thematic bibliography on the Palencia mining basin is composed of two main works: El Pozo Calero. Historia de la minería en el Valle de Santullán, written in 2003 by Fernando Cuevas, Wilfredo Román and Luis Llorente, and Mineros y minas. Historia del carbón de antracita en la Montaña Palentina (2010), by Faustino Narganes Quijano

Related characters

 Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa (1845–1902): A scientist and historian from Alava who traveled through the mining basin, leaving a record of his studies in several publications, which made him the chronicler of the beginning of mining activity in Palencia. He was the one who made known the leading role of the priest Ciriaco del Río (whose testimony he collected in a book) in the discovery of ore in the province.
 Manuel Llaneza (1879–1931): Socialist trade union leader and mayor of Mieres, he lived from the age of 2 in Barruelo, in whose mines he worked from the age of 11 to 23. A street in Barruelo is named after him
 Mariano Ortega Alonso (1919–1951): Leader of the anti-Francoist guerrillas in the basin, he was a miner from Barruelo. He was captured in Bilbao in 1947 and executed in Palencia in 1951. His brother Ambrosio, who was captured with him and served 22 years in prison, was a renowned painter settled in Guardo.
 Claudio Prieto (1934–2015): Composer born in Muñeca de la Peña, where he lived as a child the events of the Civil War. He began his musical activity in the Municipal Band of Guardo, and completed his studies in Madrid.
 José María Cuevas (1935-2008): Businessman and president of the Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales (CEOE) for 23 years, he was born the year after his parents had to leave their village of Barruelo de Santullán due to political problems, at a time of great social unrest.
 Pedro Miguel Barreda Marcos (1931–2016): Born in Buenavista de Valdavia, the historian, journalist and cronista dedicated the most important part of his work to Palencia's historical themes of the Modern and Contemporary Ages.
 Faustino Narganes Quijano (1948): Historian born in Traspeña de la Peña, member of the Real Academia de la Historia, he lived in first person the flourishing years of the region. He is the author of some of the most important studies on mining in Palencia, as well as the book Mineros y minas. Historia del carbón de antracita en la Montaña Palentina (2010).

Operations

Chronology

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Additional bibliography

External links

 Thematic Websites
 Mining Interpretation Center of Barruelo de Santullán
 Mining cadastre of the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce

 Websites of mining municipalities
 Official website of the Guardo City Council
 Official website of the Velilla del Río Carrión City Council
 Official website of the Santibanez de la Peña City Council
 Official website of the Cervera de Pisuerga City Council
 Official website of the Barruelo de Santullán City Council

 Others
 Report on the basin's problems in TVE's Informe Semanal

History of the province of Palencia
Coal mines in Spain
Coal mining regions


Pine Tree Pistol Club is "Open to the Public" from 1:00pm until 5:00pm on the second and fourth Sundays of the month. Range officers are on duty to assist visitors on the range. Illinois residents need a valid FOID card (or uner the supervision of someone that does), residents of other states need a valid state issued ID. All federal, state and local laws apply. All Pine Tree Pistol Club rules apply. Click HERE to see the general club rules and the approved and prohibited ammunition list.
Pine Tree Pistol Club is a "cold range". This means that ALL firearms must be unloaded and in a case before entering or leaving the facility.


text:
Q: Why can't I construct a string_view from range iterators? C++20 adds a constructor for basic_string_view which takes two iterators. However, when I try to construct a string_view with the iterators from a common range I get an error.
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>

using namespace std::views;

int main()
{
    auto words = "the quick brown fox" | split(' ') | transform([]<class RNG>(RNG&& rng) {
        auto v = std::views::common(std::forward<RNG>(rng));
        return std::string_view(v.begin(), v.end());
    });
    for (auto&& word : words) {
        std::cout << word << std::endl;
    }
}

<source>:11:6:   required from here
<source>:10:21: error: no matching function for call to 'std::basic_string_view<char>::basic_string_view(std::common_iterator<std::ranges::split_view<std::ranges::ref_view<const char [20]>, std::ranges::single_view<char> >::_InnerIter<true>, std::default_sentinel_t>, std::common_iterator<std::ranges::split_view<std::ranges::ref_view<const char [20]>, std::ranges::single_view<char> >::_InnerIter<true>, std::default_sentinel_t>)'
10 |         return std::string_view(v.begin(), v.end());
    |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

https://godbolt.org/z/E4779G

A: Notice the requirements imposed on the iterator constructor for std::string_view:

This overload only participates in overload resolution if

*

*It satisfies contiguous_iterator,

*End satisfies sized_sentinel_for for It,

*std::iter_value_t and CharT are the same type, and

*End is not convertible to std::size_t.

Your range iterators do not satisfy at least the first requirement


text:
Home / Hyundai News
By Dave Ashton Jan 25 2017 - 7:36am
Hyundai Motor Profits Down 39% From Car Sales, Here Is Why We Think Sales May Have Dropped
Hyundai Motor Co. have seen a drop in sales at home and abroad in the fourth quarter, the lowest amount in seven years.
The Korean car giant may have big plans and investment over the next few years, but it seems general sales have lagged last year which was the lowest in seven years, which was hit by low demands in South Korea and the U.S., along with the impact from strikes and the competition from Chinese rivals overseas.
From a regulation filing on Wednesday, Hyundai Motors reported its net profit was down 30.1% in the last quarter of 2016 to 1 trillion won ($859 million) and operational profits down 32.6% to 1.02 trillion won. This in comparison was to 1.6 trillion won only a year earlier. In the previous quarter net profits were even lower by 4.5% and operational profits by 4.4%. Sales also fell by 1% to 24.5 trillion won ($21 billion) with operational income falling 33% to 1 trillion won in the same quarter.
FactSet the financial data provider stated that Hyundai missed their forecasts with a proposed 1.5 trillion won of net incomings. The knock-on effect seemed to be that trading in Hyundai shares in Seoul last Wednesday closed down 3.07 percent at 142,000 won.
The company seemed to have had some hickups last year, starting with a strike that increased the cost of production at 95,400 vehicles, along with a lack of car sales in South Korea. 2% lower than in 2015 at 4.86 million vehicles and US sales dropping 14%.
Some of the drop in sales could be attributed to Hyundai not responding to the upturn of the sports utility sector while its main offering of sedans has declined recently. Although Hyundai have increased its incentives and promotion, it also increased overall costs for the company, but plans are in place to push more of the sports utility vehicles like the Tucson and Santa Fe with the plan of selling 5.08 million vehicles in 2017.
Although profits may be down for the company, there are big investments on the horizon with a plan of $3.1 billion in the US for future development and possibly new factories built in the U.S. 'We are closely monitoring the Trump administration's move to strengthen trade protectionism and a possible pressure on the countries that have a trade surplus with the United States,' said Koo Zayong, Hyundai Motor's vice president.
Despite these downturns, Hyundai and Kia are still the fifth largest automakers in the world with current production plant in Alabama and Georgia to backup domestic production. With future investment on the horizon and a push throughout the Hyundai line along with their Genesis luxury brand, the company look to bounce back hard in 2017.
This Is How The 2021 Hyundai Elantra Wins North American Car of the Year Award
Hyundai Bids Goodbye To Fossil Fuel Vehicles in Norway
Hyundai Sounds Death Knell for Diesel Engines
Hyundai Teases Ioniq 5 Ahead of Debut
What North American Car of the Year Means for the Hyundai Elantra
5 Things Hyundai Can Learn from the Apple Battery Deal
Kia K5, Sorento Win 2020 Good Design Awards
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2021 Genesis GV80 3.5T AWD Prestige Review – A New Luxury SUV With A Soft Side
Hyundai Elantra, Other Products Win Good Design Award
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2021 Hyundai Elantra Has Progressed In All Areas
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2021 Hyundai Venue Right Choice For Most Americans
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This Year My Algebra 1 Classroom Theme Is Farmhouse Style. I Love Within Rustic Classroom Decor Uploaded by Administrator on Tuesday, June 5th, 2018 in category Design.
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text:
Out of Obscurity – Richard Young | Sarjeant Gallery Whanganui
Out of Obscurity – Richard Young
Richard Young 'Malvina Major' 21 Feb 1975, oil on canvas, 2015/8/1. Collection of the Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui.
Naïve paintings come to light – Richard Young, Foxton artist
Shy and retiring Foxton artist, Richard Young's naïve style portrait works were unknown to the art world until Bill Milbank delivered them to the Sarjeant Gallery in a suitcase 25 years ago. Paul Rayner showed six of the 90 paintings in an exhibition "The Outsiders" he curated in 1999, but subsequently they slipped out of sight. The paintings re-surfaced during the transition of artworks from the Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua at Queens Park to 38 Taupo Quay and four portraits – James K. Baxter, Edith Sitwell, Mr Young's wife, Catherine and one of the artist aged 85, are on show in the current exhibition REVEALED – Collection discoveries from our recent move.
Richard Young 'William Blake from a drawing by Linnell' 18 Sep 1975, oil on canvas, 2015/8/78. Collection of the Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui
The road from Foxton to the Sarjeant's collection was, however, far from straightforward. Following the artist's death in 1979 his solicitor wrote to Mr Milbank, then Director of the Sarjeant, asking if he knew of a Jeffrey Gallery in Whanganui to which the artist had bequeathed his paintings. When research by Mr Milbank drew a blank the solicitor concluded that his client had probably meant the Sarjeant, although there was no record of Mr Young's connection with the Gallery. The matter went into abeyance until 1987 when Mr Milbank received an urgent request to collect the paintings as the solicitor was retiring.
"I rushed down to Foxton on a Friday afternoon. Everything was being stripped out of the building so I had to take the suitcase away. It contained quite a volume of eccentric intellectual material and close on 90 portraits. There were two or three on stretchers and the majority were loose; a number were rolled up and unfinished. They were found in the caravan where he'd been living at Foxton beach following the death of his wife."
A lengthy process ensued until the Sarjeant Gallery was able to take legal possession of the paintings. "Because of the uncertainty over the terms of the Will they remained undocumented until the collection relocation, says Curator of Collections, Jennifer Taylor Moore. "We documented them all, did the research and found out that the lawyers had decided he'd intended them to be with us."
The body of Mr Young's naïve style work depicts world leaders, writers, scientists, entertainers, composers and great thinkers as well as the artist and his wife. During a prolific period of painting 1972-1978 Mr Young painted likenesses of Eleanor Roosevelt, Jacob Bernstein, Dames Malvina Major and Kiri Te Kanawa, Vanessa Redgrave, William Blake, Jean Cocteau, Indira Gandhi, Barbara Streisand, H. G. Wells, Rudyard Kipling, Joan Miro, Ezra Pound among others.
The experts agree that the artist was probably self-taught and working in isolation. "They belong to the folk art tradition with the naïve approach," Mrs. Taylor Moore says. "We do have other folk or naïve works in the collection. They have a child like quality and are not highly refined. It's quite accessible to people."
Mr Milbank says the self-portraits are very good and many of the other portraits of famous people are extremely competent and a good likeness. "It was an exciting thing. It nudged our collection towards making an early step towards naïve art."
Paul Rayner, Sarjeant Gallery curator and Public Programmes Manager 1998 to 2006 also enjoyed the portraits, which he says were more refined than the looser primitive styles of painting within "The Outsiders" exhibition. "They were brightly coloured and they weren't slavish copies from photographs. You can easily tell if someone has painted from a photo. I thought they were quite original, unique in fact. With all good painters you can recognize their style and that was certainly true of Richard Young's paintings – they were all so consistently painted and there was a level of precision."
Helen Frances
Sarjeant Stories