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Annual address to the UNHCR Executive Committee on international protection
Written by Volker Türk, UNHCR, 05 October 2017
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Statement to the 68th Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme
Madam Chairperson, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen,
Many thanks for inviting me to introduce the protection segment of the Executive Committee. As always, the Note on International Protection, various protection papers, and the June Standing Committee provided detailed updates on protection developments and UNHCR's response over the past year, [1] so I will not repeat or summarize them. Rather, I will offer today a few broader reflections on some concerning recent trends, as well as the positive developments that have helped to counter them – ones that reflect our common humanity, but seldom make it to the headlines.
First, we need to go back to and forward with the essence of international protection. Of late, there has been an unfortunate tendency in several countries around the world to move away from this fundamental principle. None of us should ever assume that what happens to refugees could not happen to us. Providing sanctuary to people who flee for their lives and freedoms is not only noble and honourable, but also eminently practical. Providing protection and hope for the future does not take anything away; if properly managed, it adds and enriches. Sometimes this gets forgotten in the media chatter and myopic political discourse where abstract concepts and ideologies obscure the realities of human beings in distress. What also seems to get lost are the historical perspective and the recognition that the rule of law is essential to good governance and the protection of people. We need to remember why international protection was conceived and how it has evolved. We need to consider what it means both in today's world and in the future, including in relation to threats such as the adverse effects of climate change. [2] In doing so, we can and must make the case for protection again and again.
I am saying this against the backdrop of egregious violations of international refugee law over the last year. These are wide-ranging and have occurred in all parts of the world. They have included killings of refugees by the military. There has also been a surge in serious incidents of refoulement in different parts of the world. The denial of entry to people, whose very lives depend on flight, has led to their entrapment in dangerous and horrific conditions. Whole groups have been pushed back across borders, sometimes involving the military. Terrified families have been deported in the middle of the night, often with the connivance of security agents from the country of origin. Individuals have been extradited in contravention of due process guarantees. And the list goes on.
It is profoundly disturbing when the core of the core – the principle of non-refoulement – is observed in its breach rather than its compliance. Granting asylum and protecting refugees is a humanitarian, non-political act. It does not pass judgement about conditions in the country of origin. Rather, it focuses on the plight of the individual. It must not be used to create tensions between states. It should not be levied to forward populist agendas. Yet, a trend has emerged where some in leadership positions cast aside this deep humanitarian, religious, and legal tradition in favour of short-term political gains. They argue that they act in defence of the liberty, security, and safety of their citizens. This is dangerous – not just for refugees, but also for the citizens in whose defence they purport to act.
Asylum and refugee protection are not things thrown easily to the wind. They represent humanity at its best, and respect for each human being. Trampling on these monuments of civilization with misinformation and opprobrium sets a dangerous precedent. Those who currently govern will eventually feel free to crush the rights of those who are not to their liking, and will do so unchecked. This diminishes us all. And indeed, we have witnessed a trend where some NGOs, human rights defenders, humanitarian actors, and national human rights institutions have had their work curtailed. No one should easily dismiss or denigrate the courageous work of civil society in advancing the cause of caring and protecting and saving lives, both on land and at sea.
Another major worry remains the array of deterrence measures. In some instances, these have become deliberate policies of cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. They have been directed against people who fled such treatment in the first place. They have been celebrated for letting no crack of light into a downward spiral of inventions to keep refugees out. There is no justification for keeping families apart. It is inhumane to keep refugees in limbo – languishing in substandard detention sites off-shore, in inappropriate reception facilities, or confined to border areas. Treating human beings in this way ultimately affects everyone. It can lead to the dehumanization of individuals and the brutalization of a society as a whole.
Prolonged, arbitrary, and indefinite detention of asylum-seekers and refugees continues in a number of countries, including in so-called 'regional processing centres'. UNHCR issued reports relating to detention in over 25 countries. These demonstrated its profoundly adverse impact, notably on mental well-being and health. There are many instances of reported self-harm, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. There is also a huge financial cost. Sadly, detention is often intended to deter potential future irregular arrivals. This is unconscionable, particularly given the incredible hardship that most asylum-seekers and refugees have already endured in their countries of origin and transit. Detention and uncertainty frequently lead to further physical and psychological damage, for which the asylum state bears responsibility.
Recognizing this, UNHCR is vigorously pursuing its Global Strategy: Beyond Detention (2014-19). It is entirely possible, practical, and cost-effective to find alternatives to detention for asylum-seekers. Such measures can effectively manage asylum processing without disproportionately restricting free movement or infringing on rights. With appropriate care arrangements in communities, we can put an end to the immigration detention of children, irrespective of their status or that of their parents. It is undeniable that detention is never in a child's best interests. Fortunately, in some countries, the number of children detained is decreasing, for example in Malaysia, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, or the practice of detaining children has ended, as in Lithuania.
In a world where rights go unprotected, individuals with specific needs, such as survivors of sexual and gender-based violence [SGBV] or children, are often the ones who lose the most. SGBV continues to be a driver of flight. It is also a major risk en route, when refugees rely on smugglers, encounter inadequate reception conditions, or are detained. It is a top protection concern for refugees and IDPs both in urban and camp settings. It affects women and girls, and men and boys. It takes many forms, from rape, to sexual assault, domestic violence, child marriage, sexual exploitation, and others. But what these all have in common is the lasting sting of humiliation, disempowerment, and subjugation. The severe pain and suffering continues long after the act. It can have a profound impact on refugees' ability to cope with the many stressors that they must contend with on a daily basis.
We have made good progress to address SGBV through the 'Safe from the Start' and other initiatives, such as the Regional Safe Spaces Network in the Americas, but these are only starting points. As an organization, UNHCR is determined to mainstream prevention and mitigation of SGBV in all areas of our work. This year in May, we convened colleagues from the field and headquarters to review challenges and develop a three-year Plan of Action to prevent and respond to SGBV across all programmes and sectors. This continues to be a key corporate priority.
Also, with the number of children on the move rising, many countries have been particularly challenged. More than half of the total refugee population are children. Unaccompanied and separated children [UASC] lodged some 112,305 asylum claims in 2015 and 75,000 in 2016, and last year, 64,000 UASC were apprehended at the US-Mexico border. More than 2.4 million Syrian refugees are children, which requires that we intensify our efforts to ensure that there is 'No Lost Generation'. And more than one million children have fled South Sudan. Without proper arrangements for reception, family reunification, and foster care, many UASC move onward at the risk of abuse, violence, and exploitation. And when solutions are not available, refugee status becomes intergenerational. Millions of today's refugee parents were once refugee children themselves. We must act together, now, to find solutions for refugees and other displaced populations and to fulfil the opportunities presented by the New York Declaration. Otherwise, we risk failing this generation of children, and those to come.
These challenges can be turned into opportunities to strengthen national child protection systems benefiting all children, as we heard from the Swedish State Secretary [3] last year. There are opportunities through the New York Declaration, including the Initiative on Child Rights in the Global Compacts, the Global Conference on Children on the Move, and the Working Document 'Child Rights in the Global Compacts' [4]. We can use these avenues to ensure documentation at birth; to provide education early on, for example through the Educate a Child initiative and the Global Partnership for Education; and to secure children's access to health services. The High Commissioner's Dialogue last year also provided an impetus for action. For instance, in July, UNHCR, UNICEF, and the IRC, launched The Way Forward and a Call to Action with recommendations for improving child protection in Europe. [5] In the Middle East, UNHCR is working with countries such as Jordan to include refugee children in their national health care and education systems and to formalize alternative care. UNHCR is also supporting efforts to strengthen Best Interests procedures in Mexico.
In the current climate, many asylum systems, notably refugee status determination [RSD] processes, face growing challenges. In some cases, this is due to high numbers. In others, this may result from people seeking migratory status resorting to the asylum process when no other legal pathways are available. Last year, UNHCR received almost 200,000 RSD requests directly in over 60 countries, which was a slight decrease from previous years. The agency also processed 151,500 Syrians under a merged RSD-resettlement procedure in the Middle East. In the face of such numbers, we have learned well that the RSD procedure needs to be kept simple, fair, and efficient. It requires investment in good quality first instance decision making and a good independent, second instance body. Also, the use of simplified or streamlined case-processing can help keep the numbers manageable while maintaining quality.
In recognition of this, UNHCR supports states in undertaking quality assurance initiatives to strengthen their RSD systems, for example in the Americas, [6] Eastern Europe, [7] and Africa where several have recently assumed more responsibility for RSD. To assist in better decision-making, UNHCR has also supported the issuance of country of origin information compilations and issued country-specific guidance documents, as well as new guidelines on people fleeing conflict and violence. [8] UNHCR is further increasingly embedding its RSD mandate work within broader protection and solutions strategies. State engagement in RSD is an area that we want to pursue in the roll-out of the comprehensive refugee response framework [CRRF]. It is encouraging that countries such as Turkey, Thailand, Cameroon, and Morocco are already doing so.
Amidst the turbulence of so many challenges to the international protection regime, the best way to steer the course is to stick to the core [the essence of protection], remind ourselves of why it was created in the first place, and learn how to customize it in today's world. This is an ongoing task on which we seek to work with this Committee as we move forward.
Second, and undergirding the challenges to the international protection regime, there is a much broader governance issue at stake here. We have seen how much of the current debate and polemics around refugees can undermine good governance. There have been countless instances of language vilifying refugees and obfuscating their need for protection. At times, this is accompanied by exaggerated, dramatic portraits of hordes streaming across borders or taking to the sea. It is often mixed with slurs attacking expertise or 'globalist', 'out-of-touch' elites, and uses brash, hateful, and contemptuous language. Refugees are called 'queue jumpers' to create the image that there is a queue and that there are 'correct' and 'incorrect' refugees who should be treated differently. Or they are branded as terrorists or criminals. Worse, they are blamed for their plight and punished for moving onward trying to survive. Such use of language is particularly worrying.
This becomes particularly salient when refugees are targeted for political or other reasons. We see this in pre-election periods and in attempts to divert the focus from real challenges that a country faces. Migration and refugee issues have traditionally served as a convenient topic around which to whip up fears and gain political capital. Preconceived ideas, identity politics, and a tendency towards exclusion are enmeshed in this debate. Emotionally charged topics are raised to gain votes, to misinform, and to scapegoat, often in a manner that dehumanizes, creates divisions, and polarizes. It is a way to channel anger and frustrations, especially among parts of the population who feel they have been hard done by or are missing out. It is the old trick of clouding the conscience, of divide and rule, of a reductionist view of identity.
When refugees are exploited for such purposes, governance is reduced to branding for markets. It becomes mere entertainment for specific segments of a society and certain audiences. Ridiculing and denigrating the other become mainstream. And simplistic solutions are offered. We should all be worried about what is really going on behind the scenes and ask where all of this will lead. Historically, we know the immense damage and suffering that ensue when politicians bring out the shadow side of societies and play with it. We know what can happen when they promote isolationist warps, misinformation, and 'alternative' realities.
Such tactics pose particular challenges to good governance. Good governance requires nurturing, understanding, and reasonable environments – upon which the essence of protection ultimately depends. Unfortunately, in our efforts to foster such societies, the humanitarian and human rights community tends to speak to the converted. It is our comfort zone. Our greatest challenge is engaging those who do not agree with us, who have strong emotions, or who revert to fixed ideas about identity in a fast-changing world. This requires that we engage first in a listening exercise. We need to hear the fears, while not necessarily sharing their content.
It next requires that we find ways to replace such fears and isolationist impulses with empathy and the desire for inclusion. We can start by promoting peaceful coexistence in host communities. In many countries around the world, such as in Lebanon and Jordan, refugees and local host community members are working towards common goals of ensuring the safety and protection of the whole community. Across the Middle East and North Africa, over 1,100 refugees, IDPs, and members of host communities have volunteered to support protection responses, and over 350 community centres have enabled the safe provision of services. In Dadaab, Kenya, refugees and local authorities work together in Community Peace and Protection teams. In Lebanon, Iraq, and Chad, for example, urban development projects, such as building and improving schools and child-friendly spaces, clinics, and water and sanitation facilities are benefitting both refugees and host communities. This helps to reduce potential tensions between them.
Promoting social cohesion also requires an inclusive approach to ensure that those who are often the most marginalized have a voice. In linking up refugees and host community members who have disabilities, as has been done in Zimbabwe, India, and Greece, for example, they have come together to problem solve and find support around common experiences of stigma and exclusion. Youth can also be a bridge between community divisions based on ethnicity, religion, and inter-generational issues. They can act as agents of positive change, as we saw in the Regional Youth Consultation on Peace and Security in Panama this year.
We also need to motivate the silent majority and those on the fence, so that refugee affairs become a whole-of-society matter. It is encouraging that the UNHCR #WithRefugees campaign has garnered over 1.5 million signatures in support of education, shelter, jobs, and skills training for refugees. Along with the UN's 'Together' initiative, this campaign showcases the ways that refugees contribute to their communities. It counters negative narratives about refugees to reduce fears borne out of unfamiliarity and misinformation. It demonstrates that support for refugees and displaced people is not done to the exclusion of others, but is an expression of inclusion.
The coalition supporting such an inclusive approach draws from many sectors of society, from universities to sports federations, faith groups, workers' unions, youth, and the private sector. Many of us are familiar with the excellent contributions they are making. In the private sector, IKEA, Chobani, AirBnB, and Starbucks, for example, and so many others are helping refugees. There are thousands of community initiatives, led by cities and mayors, where employing refugees is revitalizing their workforce. There are countless individuals who welcome, mentor, and assist refugees, sponsor their resettlement, or support their education. And states, such as Uganda, are providing refugees with agricultural land, and Turkey, Jordan, and Ethiopia, for example, are generating employment opportunities. The World Bank [9] has also decided to allocate substantial resources to particularly affected host countries with limited resources. These initiatives have in common the value of giving refugees the opportunity to become self-reliant early on through the support of host communities. This enables them to live with a sense of control over their own lives, support their families, and contribute to society. There is no better way to achieve inclusion and social cohesion than to ensure that people can get on with their lives from the start.
Returning to the question of language, it has also become common in current debates to muddle language and terminology at the expense of refugees. We have heard too often refugees described as something other than who they are. For instance, they have been called 'undocumented people' or 'vulnerable migrants'. This may have been done with the laudable intention of making a stronger case for the rights of all people on the move. However, this has not had the intended effect. Instead it has created confusion. Rather than advancing the cause of protecting migrants' rights, it has provided fodder for those who wish to undermine refugees' rights.
Quite apart from the erroneous legal depiction, it is inappropriate to present refugees as a sub-set of anyone else, migrants or otherwise. A person who is a refugee is a refugee, full stop. There is a clear legal definition of refugees linked to absence of national protection. And there are clear accountabilities for ensuring this protection. The essence of international protection lies in identifying and recognizing [international] protection needs of people fleeing conflict, violence, human rights abuses, and other serious predicaments in their country of origin.
There is also a clear human rights basis for the rights of migrants, even though there is no internationally agreed definition of who is a migrant. We must be mindful of the rights and needs of migrants because of what they encounter along the routes or due to their particular circumstances. [10] To address the needs of individuals in mixed flows, we have updated our 10-Point Plan [11] on the asylum/migration nexus. It would be a huge and costly mistake to be unclear about definitions. Blurring the distinction between refugees and migrants undermines the specific legal protections to which refugees are entitled. It obscures focus on who is accountable for their protection. And it feeds into justifications for restrictive measures towards refugees. If we are not careful about this, we are somehow losing here the very thing that we are trying to achieve.
In some academic and international circles, it has also become fashionable to argue that the refugee system is broken and needs to be rebuilt. Yet, when one looks closely at such arguments, they do not hold up. Reopening a discussion about the bedrock of international protection, in place for nearly seven decades, risks becoming an exercise in weakening existing standards. It could reduce them to the lowest common denominator, to the detriment of the millions of refugees who must rely upon this system for their survival. Such discussions do not take into account what is already happening on the social, economic, and legal fronts to provide a more comprehensive response for refugees, as I set out in my speech to the Standing Committee this year. [12] And rarely do they propose viable alternative options based on sound evidence and solid experience on the ground.
The problematic use of language is further prevalent in unwarranted juxtapositions between broader security concernsand refugee arrivals. UNHCR is not a security, but a humanitarian and protection agency. Yet our work with displaced people for more than sixty years has made us acutely aware of broader security considerations, including those arising from terrorism. We know that security concerns are more connected to the causes than the consequences of refugee movements. In many locations around the world, insecurity stemming from violent conflict, extremist groups, and organized crime has become a common feature of daily life. Often these situations have deeper roots in growing inequality, weak rule of law, and poor governance. Some may even result from the adverse impacts of climate change, which can increase competition for scarce resources. Nowhere is insecurity more visible than in the lives of the 22.5 million refugees, 2.8 million asylum-seekers, and 40.3 million internally displaced persons in the world today. Let us recall that refugees are often the first [and sometimes multiple] victims of terrorism and insecurity. People involved in terrorist activities have on occasion sought to undermine support for refugees, including by punishing those who flee from areas controlled by terrorist groups.
Our collective experience gained over the years has taught us that security and protection need to go hand in hand – one is not possible without the other. The international legal regime underpinning refugee protection reflects this reality. International refugee law provides for safeguards to protect those in need of international protection from persecution, conflict, and violence – including terrorism. It also bears in mind the security interests of host countries and their communities. The international refugee regime does not give shelter to persons who are guilty of terrorism or other serious crimes. Within an oft heated public debate, it is crucial to keep things in perspective: while no system is entirely risk free, asylum procedures are amongst the most carefully scrutinized channels for gaining admission and stay in a country. This applies equally to resettlement, where security checks and rigorous screening mechanisms are applied even before a refugee is permitted to enter the country.
Good governance requires that the protection of people be central to managing the security aspects of people on the move. Part of ensuring security requires that we protect the victims of insecurity. Both refugee protection and national security have the potential to interact well if each role is properly understood. We need to find the opportunities and strive for an integrated response – one that addresses both of these aspects in the displacement and migration situations around the world.
Another blurring of lines occurs when some argue for offsetting 'spontaneous' arrivals against resettlement or Overseas Development Assistance [ODA]. The argument is that states can become more generous on resettlement, family reunification, or even ODA if the number of spontaneous arrivals goes down. Yet, in our experience, not only does this penalize people who must flee for their lives, this type of 'deal' simply does not work. Close to 1.2 million refugees need resettling globally, but only 93,200 places in resettlement countries are expected to be available this year. This is 43 per cent lower than in 2016. For refugees from sub-Saharan Africa, the situation is especially acute – with just 18,000 available places for the more than half a million refugees in need of resettlement. We cannot say that such offsetting measures would bring us anywhere close to providing meaningful alternative options for those who end up in Libya or seek to cross the Central Mediterranean or the Red Sea.
With regard to resettlement, we are witnessing an erosion of its function as a protection tool. The critical protection and life-saving function of resettlement for the most vulnerable individuals risks giving way to pressures to resettle individuals with 'integration potential' – as if language, education, or professional skills make one more deserving than those who are at the greatest risk of harm. To guard against this slippage, resettlement programmes need to be anchored in protection and solutions strategies. Resettlement also needs to be flexible, responsive, diverse, predictable, and long-term. This enables us to use resettlement frameworks in innovative ways to protect individuals at heightened risk – for example, individuals in besieged areas, or who were released from captivity by armed groups, or who need evacuation from their country of origin, as is done with the Protection Transfer Arrangement in Central America. We appreciate how some states, such as Sweden, have significantly increased their quotas, including emergency places for refugees whose lives are at imminent risk, and kept them diverse and focused on protection needs. We also welcome the engagement of states such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile in applying the emerging resettlement country mechanism.
For these reasons, resettlement must remain guided by protection and humanitarian imperatives and must not be conflated with migration pathways. At the same time, in a world where resettlement needs far outstrip the actual places made available, migration pathways can provide further solutions. They need to be expanded to widen the opportunities for solutions for refugees manifold. Family reunification, such as the German programme for Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon, is a pathway that can make some of the greatest changes in refugees' lives. Labour mobility, as in the Talent Beyond Boundaries programme in Jordan and Lebanon, provides another possible solution for self-reliance. Education programmes, such as those offered by Japan for Syrian refugees or the scholarships provided by United World Colleges and Région Occitane-Pyrénées-Méditerranée in France, provide young refugees with opportunities for a different kind of future. Humanitarian visas, such as those offered by Argentina for Syrians, and private sponsorship programmes as seen in Canada and Brazil, also offer important pathways to safety.
It is difficult to describe the despair and the urgency we often feel about the need to instil a sense of humanity and evidence-based reasoning into current debates and policy discussions. The portrayal of the 'other' must start and end with the plight of the human being before us. The orientation towards that plight is the beginning of good governance. The question for all of us is what more can we do so that reason and empathy prevail.
Third, and related to the other two themes that I have set out, we must find ways to break the cycle of displacement. We need to make a concerted effort at all neuralgic points to respond to both immediate humanitarian and longer-term development needs. In some way, a broader understanding of solutions, which includes addressing root causes, immediate needs, and longer-term development, could be an avenue to achieve this. It is encouraging to see how much solutions have now come into focus.
Ideally, of course, this means preventing the problems from arising in the first place by addressing the drivers of displacement. A lot of these have to do with lack of good governance and the effective functioning of the state everywhere on the territory. Unfortunately, in too many situations, we are confronted with huge inequalities, a lack of accountability towards people, and massive and unchecked exploitation of natural resources at the expense of local populations.
In an increasingly interconnected world, these issues are not isolated, but implicate and affect us all. This is clear when we look at business interests, for instance, and the links between violence and the extraction of precious minerals connected to the lifestyles we enjoy. Or when we consider the 108 million people worldwide experiencing food insecurity, of whom 30 million are in four countries, three of which are experiencing conflict. [13] In Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan, and Nigeria, for instance, there is a direct relationship between armed conflict and food insecurity. Or when we remember that in the Sahel, parts of Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe, there are areas that have been neglected and marginalized for decades – sometimes because of their location in remote border zones or for political reasons. It is no wonder that such areas become the breeding grounds for discontent, radicalization, and violence, which can lead to displacement.
The situation in some countries affected by conflict demonstrates that the prevalence of violence goes beyond the presence of armed groups or gangs. It is also linked to a weak or absent state. This has had a detrimental effect on the social cohesion of populations in such regions. Displacement is a lifeline for survival, but in too many situations it is also used as a deliberate strategy by those exercising power to exert control. Concerted efforts are needed to tackle on-going and new causes of displacement and to establish the presence of the state in affected areas of a country, particularly where economic development is sorely needed.
Displacement denies, deprives, and uproots. It sets in motion a process of impoverishment if not addressed vigorously. The reversal of this process can, however, be a catalyst for development and change both for the displaced and their hosting communities, as well as an investment in the future of countries ravaged by conflict. This is the promise from last year's New York Declaration.
Achieving self-reliance within host communities is key to reversing this process and is fundamental to any solutions orientation. Refugees need freedom of movement [including the freedom to move to areas where there are economic opportunities]. They need lawful access to non-exploitative employment, the possibility to trade and start small businesses, and financial inclusion. They need access to the labour market, as is being done in the Living Integration Project in Costa Rica, for example. Such measures will yield the quickest progress towards self-reliance. In this respect, recent collaboration between UNHCR and ILO holds much promise. Since the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between our two organizations in 2016, a joint action plan has been developed. The ILO has issued the Guiding Principles on the Access of Refugees and other Displaced Persons to the Labour Market. [14] And the International Labour Conference adopted Recommendation 205 on Employment and Decent Work for Resilience and Peace, [15] which provides an excellent guide for how the world of work can support responses to and recovery from crisis, and create conditions that facilitate the inclusion of refugees in labour markets in host countries.
Access to education is also central to facilitating self-reliance. Of the 6.5 million school-age refugees, 3.5 million do not go to school. Only 23 per cent of refugee adolescents are in secondary school. Education needs to be a priority from the onset of an emergency. Children need to be included in local schools within a few months of displacement. The academic and social benefits of education contribute to their resilience. Youth and young adults who stay in school have opportunities to exercise their minds and develop their capacities for community building, civic participation, and leadership. The New York Declaration and the CRRF recognize the urgency of linking humanitarian and development actions, particularly in areas like education. Development partners can help alleviate the strain that displacement puts on effective education sector planning and financing. Humanitarian and development funding can ensure sustainable access to education, so that refugee children can access accredited examinations. It also builds social cohesion by improving the quality of local education services and infrastructure for all children. In the process, it supports the achievement of SDG 4.
While the gaps in education are still substantive, progress is being made. Over 400,000 out-of-school children have now been enrolled in primary school. Nearly 143,000 refugee children now access accelerated education and bridging programmes, in countries such as Ethiopia, Kenya, and Rwanda. This prepares them to mainstream into regular classrooms at the right levels for their ages. Turkey is running intensive language programmes to facilitate refugee inclusion in national schools. Refugees in Iran are successfully integrated throughout the education system, including at the tertiary level. And over 10,600 refugees in 50 host countries are enrolled in university courses both through DAFI scholarships [16] and through Connected Learning higher education programmes.
Reversing the process of impoverishment resulting from displacement also requires investing in the futures of countries affected by conflict. Reconnecting with the state is a primary concern of refugees or internally displaced people who return home, often after many years in exile. Unfortunately, traditional voluntary repatriation operations are rare these days. And there are risks inherent in returns that are pressured or politically driven. When conditions are not conducive for return, returnees may end up in situations of internal displacement or worse. Lack of respect for the human rights of returnees can sow the seeds of new conflict.
There are situations where refugees return in less-than-ideal circumstances, as we have seen with some returning to Burundi, Somalia, Afghanistan, Mali, and Nigeria, and UNHCR continues to raise protection concerns in these situations. However, should individuals wish to return before circumstances are conducive, they have the right to do so. UNHCR's responsibility is to make every effort to ensure that their decision is free and informed and that they can access the essential support they need upon arrival in their home country.
More broadly, it is important to place returns and reintegration on a more sustainable footing through inclusion in long-term development policies and initiatives of the kind the CRRF is pioneering. This also requires more attention to the political resolution of conflicts, disarmament, and demobilization. We need to prevent these from evolving into new forms of violence through the small arms trade or the emergence of new militias or criminal groups. It also demands attention to protection concerns related to documentation, areas of return, and housing, land, and property.
This was clear to me when visiting Afghanistan earlier this year. The disillusionment today among Afghans, the high unemployment, and the fragile political and security context after almost four decades of conflict present formidable obstacles to success. Yet, in other countries, such as El Salvador, I encountered a striking example of a community, comprised of a large number of returnees, that was free of violence. These returnees brought the commitment to peace back with them. And recently in Lebanon, I met with refugees hoping to rebuild their lives together, should one day they be able to return to Syria. They told me that they can forgive and envision a future together, provided that they can return in safety. It is often refugees who can make social transformation possible. They are the ones who actually represent the future of their countries. Investing in their future is investing in healing and peaceful coexistence. The question is how we can help empower civil society, including women and the youth, to strive for an alternative to the often chaotic and kleptocratic situations which they fled, and to foster good governance and inclusion.
Madam Chairperson,
Let me also assure this Committee, and as stressed by the High Commissioner, we attach great importance to the protection and solutions dimension in internal displacement settings. Internal displacement is one of the first signals of problems with governance. My recent missions to Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Central America, for instance, brought home the interconnection between internal and external displacement, including returns. It is clear in many situations that we need a joined-up approach on both sides of the borders of countries affected by displacement. This also needs to be considered within the CRRF context at some stage.
This is all-the-more urgent, as we have received some harrowing reports about the treatment of civilians, for example in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, and Myanmar. In some situations, people are held in medieval-type siege conditions, barely surviving on roots and grass. Or they are collectively punished because of broad-brushed stigmatization. Or they are raped or disappear forever. This erodes the fabric of societies and has long-term effects and far-reaching repercussions, becoming a matter of concern to the international community at large.
The commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Guiding Principles on IDPs in 2018 and the 10th anniversary of the Kampala Convention in 2019 will present opportunities to pursue vigorously their implementation in law, policy, and action. UNHCR aims to engage in IDP situations in a predictable, coherent, and sustainable manner with protection as our central guiding consideration. In follow-up to the Operational Review of UNHCR's Engagement in Situations of Internal Displacement undertaken this year, we strive to better integrate IDPs in our country strategies. For the first time, UNHCR operations in countries with IDP populations, such as Colombia, Mali, Niger, Cameroon, Chad, and Ukraine, will plan their activities over several years and in consultation with partners [including national and local governments]. UNHCR will also be a catalyst for protection and solutions, developing early on the necessary strategies to disengage responsibly from IDP situations and ensure handover to national or development actors, as we are planning to do in Pakistan, Colombia, and Ukraine. More generally, UNHCR, alongside the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs, has taken a leadership role in the Global Protection Cluster's Task Team on Law and Policy.
That millions of people are still stateless or at risk of statelessness in the 21st century is perhaps one of the most tragic and absurd consequences of failed governance. This has been most recently demonstrated by the violence and grave abuses that have driven more than 500,000 Rohingya to seek refuge in Bangladesh. Yet there is hope, not least because of major efforts by many to end statelessness through our global #IBelong campaign. In the last year, we have seen states and regional organizations increase their resolve to end statelessness. Globally, in the last two years, more than 100,000 formerly stateless persons have had nationality granted or confirmed. There have been notable reductions in statelessness in Central Asia and the Asia Pacific region. For example, Thailand endorsed the goal of reducing statelessness to zero by 2024. And the Prime Minister of Malaysia launched the Malaysian Indian Blueprint. I am particularly pleased to note that this year, Kenya resolved the protracted statelessness of the Makonde and proclaimed them Kenya's 43rd ethnic tribe. Madagascar and Sierra Leone amended their nationality laws to allow mothers to confer nationality to their children on an equal basis as fathers. Burkina Faso acceded to the 1961 Convention, and actions to accede were taken by the Parliaments of Haiti and Luxembourg. Since the launch of the Campaign, the total number of states party to the 1954 Convention has increased from 83 to 89 and to the 1961 Convention from 61 to 69. Bulgaria and several countries in the Americas, adopted or put into motion the development of statelessness determination procedures and measures to facilitate the naturalization of stateless persons.
At the regional level, in May, ECOWAS Ministers validated the Banjul Plan of Action on the Eradication of Statelessness, [17] which sets out steps to end statelessness by 2024 and is legally binding on Member States. Discussions on prevention and reduction of statelessness have also taken place with the African Union, the League of Arab States, the Southern African Development Community, and the International Conference of the Great Lakes Region. And the European Parliament held its first ever hearing on statelessness in June of this year.
UNHCR also continues to strengthen its engagement on statelessness at all levels. We conducted new mapping studies on statelessness in Austria and Côte d'Ivoire. We also co-launched with UNICEF an initiative on Every Child's Right to a Nationality and published a paper on safeguards to ensure that no child is born stateless. [18] The organization has further developed a new tool for the identification and enhanced protection of stateless persons in detention. And we are working with the World Bank and other development actors to support states in implementing SDG 16.9 concerning legal identity for all. I am also pleased to announce that the University of Melbourne will soon launch a Centre on Statelessness to support the development of data and research and provide training for government officials and others.
To galvanize further action, UNHCR will convene a high-level event in 2019 to take stock, showcase achievements, and generate new pledges to address statelessness. We count on your support to make this event a success, to provide strong momentum for the Campaign's second half.
In conclusion, refugees starkly reveal the space where the local, the regional, and the global meet. They demonstrate the importance of multilateral cooperation, which is in the specific national interest of each and every country. At the end of the day, it comes down to recognizing sovereignty as the exercise of responsibility towards all people subject to the jurisdiction of a country [nationals and non-nationals alike] – with multilateralism as its organic extension, given our planet's interdependence.
The interest in refugee and displacement-related issues tends to wax and wane. We are already seeing a different dynamic today than in 2015 when refugees were foremost on the political agenda. Sustained engagement is required, especially to address protracted refugee and internal displacement situations, but also new large movements of refugees and migrants.
Building on the CRRF experience, our work on next year's Global Compact on Refugees will help to sustain this much-needed interest. As the High Commissioner said, the Global Compact on Refugees will be a consensus document, and, please rest assured, closely developed with you all during our formal consultations in the first half of 2018. The aim is that you are comfortable with the final text, so that you are able fully to own and support it when the High Commissioner submits it, as requested, to the General Assembly. The zero draft, which we will share with you early next year for your review, will be based on the outcomes of the informal thematic consultations, the High Commissioner's Dialogue, and other discussions held this year, as well as the practical application of the CRRF and good practices gathered from other refugee situations.
It is our fervent hope that the Global Compact will broaden our support base by building new and reinforcing old partnerships, such as with the World Bank, regional bodies, NGOs, civil society, and the private sector. It will encourage much stronger commitments to resettlement and complementary pathways. And it will enable us to establish greater predictability and invest in the future by strengthening the resilience of both refugees and hosting communities. This is a tall order, but it is achievable if we work on it together. Ultimately it will enable us to strengthen international protection – at its essence, through good governance, and in the search for solutions – as we move ahead collectively to deliver on this commitment.
[1] Following papers
[2] UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement, May 2017
[3] To the Minister for Children, the Elderly and Gender Equality.
[4] Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/595e2a417/child-rights-global-compact-recommendations-protecting-promoting-implementing.html.
[5] The Way Forward to Strengthened Policies and Practices for Unaccompanied and Separated Children in Europe; and Call to Action for 2017
[6] For example, the 'Quality of Asylum Initiative' countries, which include Argentina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the launch by UNHCR, the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights and 40 civil society organizations of the Americas Network for Refugee Legal Aid.
[7] Including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine.
[8] UNHCR, Guidelines on International Protection No. 12: Claims for refugee status related to situations of armed conflict and violence under Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees and the regional refugee definitions, 2 December 2016, HCR/GIP/16/12.
[9] In particular the World Bank's allocation of USD 14 billion for fragile and conflict-affected states and a special USD 2 billion sub-window for refugee host countries.
[10] UNHCR, 'Migrants in vulnerable situations' UNHCR's perspective, June 2017, and Persons in need of international protection, June 2017
[11] Updated 10-Point Plan in Action
[12] Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/admin/dipstatements/595386c97/statement-69th-meeting-standing-committee-executive-committee-high-commissioners.html.
[13] A new study by the World Food Programme released this year says that, at a time of record-high number of people being forced to flee their homes across the world, high levels of food insecurity lead to higher levels of migration across borders. The report found that each one percentage increase in food insecurity in a population compels 1.9 per cent more people to migrate. WFP also noted that food insecurity is a significant cause for the incidence and intensity of armed conflict.
[14] Available at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53808.
[15] Available at: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:3330503.
[16] The Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative.
[17] Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/591c38347.pdf.
[18] UNHCR, Good Practices Paper - Action 2: Ensuring that no child is born stateless, 20 March 2017
About the author: Volker Türk is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Assistant High Commissioner for Protection.
This Statement was originally published here on the UNHCR website.
Any views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of EIN
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Hamlet Homes mainly list properties in RG1. Over the last 6 months, they've listed 2 properties, with 2 currently on the market. Most of the properties listed have 2 bedrooms. They list properties for sale on both OnTheMarket and Zoopla.
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•	Has resources for GATE program and for a few months every year, connects to the San Diego gate online application system.
ElemenTek's design and development team created an absolutely stunning website capturing the beauty of my photographs and brand. Neal definitely has an eye for the design and Pratibha is the technical geek 😊 who made it all work seamlessly…. I would highly recommend working with them!
People at ElemenTek are innovative, up-to-date and SO KNOWLEDGEABLE! I love their new design ideas for updating my website and the tools they offer to drive more business to me through my website. They are prompt, responsive, helpful, skillful, and extremely dedicated to making their customers satisfied and learning EXACTLY what the customer wants to put out to the world on the sites they build. They are on top of it every step of the way and communicating with me constantly about what is happening. I highly recommend them!
I cannot say enough good things about working with Pratibha and Neal from ElemenTek. They are simply the best when it comes to taking the vision I had for my brand, broadening it and packaging it up into a beautiful digital form. They worked tirelessly on my logo design until it had just the right feeling and look. Their ability to take my amorphous ideas and turn them into exactly what I was looking for is impressive. I love their work, their attitude, and their wonderful communication skills. Highly recommended!
ElemenTek Solutions absolutely nailed it for us here at the Hawthorne Seminar Foundation by re-branding us and creating our new digital presence. Our brand and digital presence now capture the soul of our mission and goal as a nonprofit foundation and truly represents what we want portrayed to our future enrollees. Our website is now linked to our social media, has subscription forms, multiple events calendars and great resources for current/future parents and their children. ElemenTek went the extra mile to make sure we were happy, and we loved working with them!


During this experience I will teach you how to cook traditional and delicious local recopies, which you will be able to enjoy later on in a dinner setting. The cooking class is definitely beginner-friendly, as we will do everything together.
You will learn more about Lappish cuisine and, while the food will be cooking, you will be enjoy a starter platter prepared by me. No dinner is complete without a dessert! I will serve you home cooked berry pie, which is made from hand-picked berries from local, Finnish forests.
Please tell if you have any food allergies!


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New Wearable Breakthrough Announced: eSight 3 sets the gold standard for the most sophisticated low vision glasses of its kind anywhere in the world, enabling the legally blind to actually see, be mobile, and independently carry out virtually all Activities of Daily Living
eSight Affordability Program launched to assist the legally blind to locate funding for eSight 3 regardless of their ability to pay
February 15, 2017 09:00 ET | Source: eSight
TORONTO, ON--(Marketwired - Feb 15, 2017) - eSight Corporation, the world-leader in the development of electronic glasses that enable the legally blind to actually see, is pleased to announce the launch of eSight 3.
eSight 3 sets the gold standard for the most sophisticated low vision glasses of its kind anywhere in the world, enabling the legally blind to actually see, be mobile and independently carry out virtually all Activities of Daily Living.
eSight 3 is an engineering breakthrough that allows the legally blind to actually see in the same manner that sighted people see. With eSight 3, those who are legally blind or who are living with low vision can now experience a dramatically improved quality of life, and can independently engage in many professional, academic, or personal activities the way the sighted can. Significantly, eSight 3 is an all-in-one, wearable, hands-free solution that provides sight without the need for any surgery.
Dr. Brian Mech, PhD, President and CEO of eSight, said:
"eSight 3 is a game-changer for the legally blind. My entire career has been spent engineering sight-enabling technologies, so I can say with some authority that eSight's world-class lab is the largest and best engineering team, anywhere in the world, that specializes exclusively in developing medical devices that allow the legally blind to actually see and be mobile."
Dr. Robert Devenyi, MD, Chief Ophthalmologist at Toronto's University Health Network, said:
"One of the many ingenious features of eSight 3 is that it simultaneously increases the central field of view of sight while preserving full access to peripheral vision, providing the best of both worlds: unprecedented mobility and high-acuity central vision."
Ms. Yvonne Felix, one of eSight's earliest users, said:
"I was diagnosed with Stargardt Disease after being hit by a car at the age of seven. For over 25 years, I lived without any useful sight. I will never forget the day I tried an early prototype of eSight three years ago. That was the first time I saw my husband and two sons."
"eSight has literally transformed my life. I can now independently do virtually all Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). In addition to taking care of my family, I work fulltime, independently doing all of the things most people take for granted -- commuting on a train, flying on planes, attending conferences, leading meetings, and giving speeches. I even compete in golf tournaments. I no longer receive government disability payments. Instead, I proudly pay taxes."
"eSight 3 is a quantum leap forward, even from the previous version of the technology that transformed my life 3 years ago. eSight 3 not only provides me with dramatically improved sight, it is much smaller, lighter, cooler looking and very comfortable to wear. I can wear it all day. I can even use its Wi-Fi and HDMI capabilities to stream digital content, or send pictures and videos. I simply cannot imagine my life without eSight 3."
"My story is not unique -- you can see hundreds of stories about how eSight has transformed the lives of the legally blind by visiting eSight's website, mainstream social media and traditional media websites."
eSight 3 is more affordable than ever before. In addition to a reduction in price, eSight is excited to announce the launch of its new Affordability Program which will help the legally blind to identify funding for eSight regardless of their ability to pay.
Ms. Felix continued:
"With an unemployment rate of 70% for legally blind individuals, eSight is financially out of reach for far too many. That is why I am so very proud of eSight for making the device much less expensive, and for launching an Affordability Program to help the legally blind identify funding for eSight 3, including: discounts for clinical study participation for those who may qualify, low or no-interest payment plans, tax credits, government support programs, corporate job placements, philanthropic donations and crowdsourcing fundraising."
"One day, society will recognize the economic justification and social justice of providing a medical device like eSight 3 to the legally blind, at no cost to them. Until then, eSight's Affordability Program will do its best to ensure that legally blind and low vision users can obtain the device, regardless of their ability to pay."
eSight 3 is available today. For more information on how it can benefit you or someone you know, please contact an eSight Vision Advocate by calling 1-855-8eSight (1-855-837-4448), by emailing VisionAdvocate@eSightEyewear.com or by visiting www.eSightEyewear.com.
About eSight:
eSight was founded in 2006 for the sole purpose of allowing legally blind and low vision people to see. eSight is an ISO-9001:2015 certified manufacturer, with locations in Los Angeles, Toronto, Ottawa, and a network of affiliates across the United States. This unique patented assistive device enables people with vision loss to actually see and independently carry out virtually all Activities of Daily Living. eSight can help a worldwide population of several hundred million people with conditions including, but not limited to, Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy, Stargardt Disease, Ocular Albinism, Optic Nerve Hypoplasia, Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, Cone-Rod Dystrophy, Nystagmus, Retinopathy of Prematurity, and some forms of Glaucoma and Retinitis Pigmentosa. eSight is registered with the FDA and Health Canada.
To learn more about eSight, visit www.eSightEyewear.com or call 1-855-837-4448.
Jeffrey Fenton
eSight
1-855-837-4448 ext. 105
www.esighteyewear.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Can I Replace Damaged Shingles Myself?
If you are a handyman at heart and feel comfortable working on a roof, you can try to replace damaged shingles on your own. Do-it-yourself roofing repairs often take significantly longer than professional ones, so make sure you have the skills, tools and time to complete the job.
Before you start your roof shingle repairs, you need to figure out what led to the damage. Understanding the cause of the problem will help you determine how to do the repairs, including which materials and supplies you need. If you make any mistakes along the way – or don't want to take a DIY approach to begin with – look for a local company that specializes in roof repairs. Contact Peak Roofing & Construction at (972) 335-7325 to get a free inspection and learn how we can fix your roof today.


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STAFF PORTAL | HARVARD.EDU
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The Art of Comic Book Conservation
Fans of comic books will go to great lengths to keep their collections in top condition—storing comics in clear plastic or vinyl bags, buying an additional copy of an issue (reading one and leaving the other untouched), even sending away comics to be sealed in hard plastic shells. Yet, as Chloe Houseman, an intern in the Weissman Preservation Center's paper conservation lab, recently explained at a presentation on the preservation of comics, most single-issue comic books were not made to last.
"The evolution of comic books into a collectible phenomenon has been a challenge," Houseman observed. "They weren't meant for that; it was considered a disposable media." Most comic books consist of stapled booklets made of wood pulp paper, similar to newsprint. Poor-quality paper becomes yellow and chalky over time and the iron staples used to bind vintage comics can rust, further discoloring or damaging the paper. Even the original artwork from which comics are produced has long been treated as disposable. Comic artists often had to work quickly and with low-quality materials. A single mistake was not a good enough reason to redraw an entire page, and an artist might simply paste in a correction using rubber cement. "Original comic art," Houseman explained, "also comes in many stages. Comics were always collaborative. It was uncommon for the same person to do the drawing, lettering, and coloring for the same comic."
Speaking to an audience of conservators and librarians, Houseman discussed the culture and preservation practices of private comic book collectors. "Private collections are often stored poorly, or in a poor environment. Many collectors will keep their collections in a basement or attic to accommodate storage needs." Typically, comics are "bagged and boarded," placed in either a polypropylene or polyester ("mylar") bag with a rigid board support. Collectors and comic store owners will then place bagged comics in cardboard boxes (vertically oriented, with titles on top for easy browsing).
Collectors also have their own standards for evaluating the condition of older comics, often relying on "comic grading" performed by companies such as CGC. "The comic book industry has standards of condition for resale," Houseman noted, "and these may be misaligned with conservation standards." The standards of comic grading consider how close a comic is to the condition of its original printing, not necessarily what will best prevent further damage to the issue. For example, conservators would likely replace a missing iron staple with a stainless steel staple that is more resistant to rust. According to comic grading standards, however, any replacement other than another so-called "vintage comic staple" would result in a downgrade in rating (and thus a lower re-sale price for the collector). "Something we could do as conservators is to address this difference in knowledge that can cause damage to collections that people care about," said Houseman.
And Houseman has been hard at work producing new knowledge about the effects of different storage methods on comic book collections. While pursuing graduate study in art conservation at Queen's University in Ontario, Houseman conducted a novel experiment. Using a collection of donated comic books from the 1960s and 70s, she sliced each individual issue into thirds and placed them into an oven designed to simulate aging conditions. The top third was placed in a polypropylene bag, the second third in a polyester bag, and the last third was left unbagged. She kept the comics, fifty in all, packed closely together and vertically oriented to simulate typical storage conditions.
Polypropylene bags waved and crinkled in response to the heat, yellowing in the area occupied by the comic. Polyester bags didn't crinkle, but in areas of darker inks, some of the pigment transferred from the comic to the bag. Houseman's conclusion for comic collectors: better to store those beloved or valuable comics in polypropylene bags that may crinkle than risk losing color and value from ink transfer to a polyester bag. It is just this sort of information that Houseman wants to share with comic collectors. "Collectors have come to a lot of good ideas on their own without conservators' help," she stated, "but everyone would benefit from greater communication between conservators and collectors."
By Thomas Dodson.
See also: Conservation
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King, Kennedy and the American Revolution
All of us, from the wealthiest and most powerful of men, to the weakest and hungriest of children, share one precious possession; the name American. — Robert F. Kennedy
I've been thinking a lot about Bobby lately. In watching still another year end as I go further into my dotage, I'm reminded of other years from the past that cry out to be remembered, the year 1968 being among the most poignant. When the announcement came over the television set that Bobby Kennedy had died from the assassin's bullet, I called my husband at work, tears streaming down my face. "Now they've killed Bobby," I cried.
Who were "they"? I didn't know, but like many Americans I felt the presence of evil. A black miasma skulked amongst us as if waiting to see what we held most dear as a people so "they" could take it away. The feeling had lingered since that shocking day four and a half years before, on November 22, 1963, when our beloved president was taken down by an assassin's bullet. As a nation we had never recovered, the shock still reverberating throughout our psyche like a terrible wound that would not heal.
Then another wound, the assassination of our great Civil Rights leader, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King on April 4, 1968. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, younger brother of our fallen president was on his way to a planned campaign rally in his bid to get the 1968 Democratic nomination for President. Just after he arrived in Indianapolis, he was told of King's death and advised by police not to make the campaign stop. It was in a part of the city considered to be a dangerous ghetto. But Kennedy insisted on going. He found the people in an upbeat mood and realized they didn't know. In breaking the news of King's death he referred to his own loss of his older brother and quoted from memory the Greek Poet, Aeschylus. "He who learns must suffer, and, even in our sleep, pain that cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart, and in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom to us by the awful grace of God."
Just two months later, on June 5, 1968, while celebrating his victory in the California primary Bobby said to his supporters only minutes before he, too, was gunned down by an assassin's bullet. "I think we can end the divisions within the United States. (W)e can work together in the last analysis. . . We are a great country, an unselfish country and a compassionate country."
Some say that in 1968 America came close to political disintegration. Millions of people opposed the war and the military announced in early 1968 that it would draft 300,000 more troops. Americans were dying in Vietnam by the hundreds and young people lost confidence in our leaders and in the official version of reality. There was a movement afloat, a revolution at hand before our beloved leaders who had brought hope to the country were cut down. Although the war was later ended and the troops brought home, after 1968 many of us detached ourselves from the painful public square and turned our attention on matters closer to home.
Surprisingly, though, we ended up rearing children who became educated, sensitized and responsive to their natural and political environments. Adult children who were able to agree or disagree without rioting in the streets, who also have inculcated and are passing down the dreams that King and Kennedy inspired in their lasting contribution to the ongoing American revolution.
Filed under: current affairs, history, memories, old age, politics, Relationships, Religion, Spirituality | Tagged: current affairs, history, memories, old age, politics, Poverty, Relationships, Religion, Self-Improvement, social commentaries |
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Halloweentown (1998) is a Disney Channel original movie that follows the life of thirteen year old Marnie (Kimberly J. Brown) and her siblings, Dylan (Joey Zimmerman) and Sophie (Emily Roseke) during Halloween. Their grandmother, Aggie (Debbie Reynolds), visits and secretly trains Marnie as a witch. As, Marnie's mother, Gwen (Judith Hoag), argues with Aggie about how she wanted to raise Marnie as a human; Aggie explains that people have been disappearing from her town. Soon after, Marnie, Dylan, and Sophie follow their grandmother to her town of Halloweentown.
They explore the town to find vampires, witches, and monsters of all sorts. Once Aggie discovers them, she decides to let them stay and continue Marnie's witch training in order to defeat" the bad thing" before she goes back home. She shows the children what she is talking about through her cauldron. They see a vision of a hooded demon, laughing maniacally. Aggie explains that they must enact Merlin's spell and potion in order to save the town.
II: Kalabar's Revenge, Halloweentown High, and Return to Halloweentown if you want to keep the Halloween fun going.
I would rank this movie 2.5 out 5 because it is entertaining and keeps your attention throughout. The jokes are mediocre, but easy to understand. The poor portrayal of the characters and thin plot makes the film seem childish. Despite these criticisms, the movie and its sequels are a fun watch and a great movie to watch with your family or friends. Overall, the movie is a cute break from all the horror films.


As the 14th president of Bethany College, Will Jones has challenged the faculty, staff, and coaches with producing graduates who become successful professionals who love God and love people. Bethany College's Christian commitment to higher education and the deep community found in close-knit Lindsborg attracted Will to serve at Bethany. As someone who grew up in traumatic poverty in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky, he knows first-hand how a liberal arts education and hard work can transform a student's life. A determination to be a college graduate was instilled at an early age by his parents; his mom was an eighth grade dropout and his dad dropped out in the ninth grade. A passion for fundraising for private colleges and universities and a passion to help others has shaped his career as a servant leader.
At LaGrange College he led record fundraising and enrollment growth and was instrumental in starting a Master's program in Philanthropy and Development. He also led successful fundraising efforts at both Goshen College and Berea College. He is currently completing a doctorate in International Conflict Management at Kennesaw State University. Will earned a master's degree in Philanthropy and Development from St. Mary's University of Minnesota and a bachelor's degree in Political Science from Berea College.
He and his wife, Amy, formerly a special education teacher, have six children.


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The Maestro of Cool Lee Konitz with Mark Turner, Ethan Iverson, Ben Street and Albert "Tootie" Heath at The Iridium
Sunday December 19, 2009 1st Set
On the pre-holiday Sunday before Christmas, I made my way down to experience the economical and unadorned artistry of alto legend Lee Konitz in a rare club appearance at The Iridium Jazz Club in New York City. The iconic Mr. Konitz was tantalizingly paired with the tenor saxophonist Mark Turner, a player known for his fine tone and judicious use of notes. This meeting elicited images of the famous sessions that at one time brought together Konitz with tenorist and fellow Lennie Tristano alumni Warne Marsh decades earlier. Mr. Turner has his own credentials as a leader with his trio Fly (with the bassist Larry Grenadier and the drummer Jeff Ballard) garnering considerable accolades for their recent recording Sky & Country that
made many a critic's top ten list for 2009. On this appearance, Mr. Konitz and Mr. Turner were joined by Ethan Iverson (of The Bad Plus fame) on piano, Ben Street on acoustic bass and the veteran Albert "Tootie" Heath on drums.
I arrived to the club early with a friend and was seated stage left when as fortune would have it Mr. Konitz came walking from behind the stage and sat right next to our table, looking to have a bowl of soup prior to his first set. After negotiating with a waiter to get him the mushroom bisque (an excellent and flavorful choice), Mr. Konitz was gracious enough to stay and talk. My first impression of the man was that at the age of eighty-two he was remarkably sharp and engaging, in a way that belied his age.
It became clear that he was uninterested in re-hashing what he had done in the past. As he said "Reminiscing doesn't go well with soup." He is an artist who prefers to live in the present; looking forward being a key to his creativity. Mr. Konitz has led several groups in the past, but for the most part he considers himself a sideman. The economic imperatives of the business have necessitated that he assemble musicians from various locales wherever he appears. The frequent influx of new musical plasma via these associations has been a source of inspiration for Mr. Konitz. Because he insists on unstructured spontaneous improvisation however, not all pairings with other musicians are successful. On this evening he related how during a recent appearance with pianist Brad Mehldau, the bassist Charlie Haden and percussionist Paul Motian, the musical communication was especially "in-sync", so much so that he felt it was a near euphoric experience. Mr. Konitz was extremely forth coming about who he admired and who he felt as he said "…played too many notes". His economical use of notes springs from his refusal to pre-arrange what he is going to play in any predetermined or predictably patterned way. I was taken by the journeyman way Mr. Konitz seemed to approach his craft. Dressed in a tan jacket that reminded me of the type of garment worn by a machinist or a precision watchmaker, he was unmistakably ready for work.
The first set started off with a composition titled "Solar". Often attributed to Miles Davis, Mr. Konitz was sure to point out that it was really a Chuck Wayne composition (based on the song "Sonny"). Mr. Konitz and Mr. Turner immediately commenced with an intuitive display of subtle interplay, the two saxophones at times meshing and at times veering off into opposite directions but always maintaining a sense of the melody. A smiling Mr. Heath seemed to enjoy prodding the group with an array of hi-hat accents and rolls interspersed throughout, all the while maintaining his rhythmic continuity with Mr. Street. When Mr. Turner soloed he did so with a gentle waterfall of notes played in a deep mellow tone. When he played with Mr. Konitz his cadence was particularly well matched with the journeyman's own.
The second song in this set was a Tristano composition titled "Naidu", where Mr. Konitz and Mr. Turner once again showed a rare affinity for being able to feed off each others changing ideas. With telepathic skill they delivered these sympathetic thoughts independently and still presented them as one homogeneous statement.
Mr. Turner is a tall, thin player that tends to bend at the knees when he is playing. He compresses then elevates himself vertically during his solo excursions. His lanky appearance further accentuates his elastic playing. His notes are supple and warm and they stretch into and out of tension. Mr. Konitz by comparison offers a sturdy and compact profile that generates great energy from deep within his center. He sways slightly from the waist to the rhythm of the song. He thoughtfully contemplates what his next note will be based on what he is hearing from his fellow musicians, consequently always playing slightly behind the music.
On "My One and Only Love" pianist Iverson, who for the most part was quietly laying back in deference to the Maestro, played a nice duet with both Konitz and Turner.
Mr. Konitz has an impatient streak to him and he frequently and precociously interjected unexpected ideas during Iverson and Turner's solos.
On "I Remember April" Turner and Konitz once again showed compatibility playing together in beautiful concert. Konitz played with a brightness that was sharp and vibrant. Turner responded with a deferential, lower register tonal burst that intertwined itself into and around what Konitz had just played. Iverson was by now more comfortable soloing with a passionate release of cascading notes that spurred Mr. Konitz on in the best interchange between the two of the performance.
On the final song of the set "What Is This Thing Called Love", Mr. Iverson played in a percussive rhythmic style that was reminiscent of his work with his regular group The Bad Plus.
Playing as Mr. Konitz does, with no safety net, is a formidable task for most musicians, many of whom are used to having the material more worked out in advance. Mr. Street and Mr. Heath skillfully provided the rhythmic balance that allowed the two lead saxophonists the freedom to freely express themselves in this format. Mr. Konitz, who continues to thrill with his beautiful tone, his quiet energy and his inexhaustible creativity, has found in Mr. Turner the perfect foil whose tone, cadence and delivery is compatible with his own and whose musical inquisitiveness is equally inspirational.
Labels: Fly, Lee Konitz; Mark Turner; The Iridium Jazz Club; Etham Iverson; The Bad Plus; Albert "Tootie" Heath; Ben Street; Larry Grenadier; Jeff Ballard; Warne Marsh; Lennie Tristano, Sky and Country
TONY MALABY'S APPARITIONS, at the Cornelia Street Café:
December 12, 2009 1st Set
Tony Malaby has gained notoriety as an avant-garde saxophonist who has daringly utilized multiple palettes of instrumentation to achieve the sound that he wishes to explore. This quest has made for some interesting pairings with artists such as guitarist Ben Monder, drummers Michael Sarin and Nasheet Waits, tuba player Marcus Rojas and cellist Fred Lonberg Holm. In each instance Malaby seems to breathe fresh inspiration from the wellspring of sounds these various stylists can bring to his musical table.
The Cornelia Street Café is a little gem of a club on Cornelia Street off Bleeker in the West Village, NYC. I had not been there in sometime but was familiar with the narrow lower level and the comfortable vibe of the place.
On this evening Mr. Malaby's group-the second iteration of this group- featured songs from their new cd titled Voladores. They brought instruments that included toms, snares, cymbals, bells, chimes, toy xylophones, multiple mallets and assorted percussive instruments of the two drummers, Tom Rainey and John Hollenbeck (who replaces Michael Sarin from the first album line up), along with the double bass of Drew Gress and Mr. Malaby's saxophones.
According to Malaby, the two drummer format was born "… a couple of years ago when he performed several times with two drummers and loved it: It's just (like) the most comfortable couch, or like taking a warm bath, just being surrounded by that sound and falling into it." "I decided to try to create platforms for my favorite 'zones' that we'd developed or would hit on."
Playing in a zone is a good way to describe what Malaby does. His musical conceptions seem to be loosely structured. They are mere skeletal armatures on which to build his creations. He and his fellow musicians breathe life into each composition as they add layer upon layer of skin, sinew, nerve and flesh. They organically, through improvisation, create the music you hear.
The group led off with an Ornette Coleman composition titled "Homogenous Emotions". Here Mr. Malaby showed his ability to emit bellowing deep tones or switch to high-reaching screeches on his tenor with ease and fluidity. On "Old Smokey" the group showcased how deftly they could telepathically negotiate multiple time changes. The creative juices were flowing for Hollenbeck, who on what appeared to be a child's xylophone, created the eerie sound of swarming locusts as he played the unlikely instrument with seed filled mallets.
Hollenbeck was especially mesmerizing as he utilized a variety of instruments in his percussive arsenal creating an at times surreal groundwork. This allowed Malaby the option to soar or ponder on both tenor and soprano saxophones as the mood suited him. The powerhouse bassist Gress and drummer Rainey provided what bottom the music allowed. Gress, at times, seemed unsure of what direction the music was taking him, but his arco work was particularly well matched with Malaby's deeply toned tenor on the aptly titled "Dreamy Drunk".
On "Sour Diesel" Gress played a repeating bass line as Malaby played soprano saxophone and Hollenbeck played what appeared to be a combination of bells and a breath-actuated keyboard. The unusual sound that Hollenbeck produced was a most effective counterpoint to the soprano. By about halfway through the song, Malaby had switched to tenor where his performance was the most poignant of the evening. The group ended the set with the title composition from the new release"Voladores".
As an avant-gardist Tony Malaby's concepts are daring, musically challenging, and worth experiencing. They can certainly be outside the comfort zone of those looking for modern music that is still lyrically and rhythmically traditional in its approach. Malaby's music however represents a dynamic, restless spirit that continues to push the boundaries of what music is supposed to be. From such explorations great things can come. With the members of Apparitions he has found like-minded musicians that can allow him to realize this musical vision.
Labels: Fred L Holm; avant garde jazz, Tony Malaby; Tony Malaby's Voladores; Tony Malaby's Apparitions; Drew Gress; John Hollenbeck; Ben Monder; Ornette Coleman; Michael Sarin;Cornelia Street Cafe
More Best of Jazz 2009 : Saxophone Jazz
As the year draws to a close I am compelled to mention some of the other fine music that I have heard this past year. Following on the heels of my top five piano based jazz cd's, the following selections each have provided their own special magic for me. As I previously explained these selections are only taken from what I have heard and so my apologies to the artists whose great works I simply didn't have the chance to review this year.
In no particular order: My five top Saxophone based jazz cd's of 2009
David Binney: Third Occasion (mr 0006)
David Binney (composer and alto saxophone); Craig Taborn (piano); Scott Colley (acoustic bass); Brian Blade (drums) Brass Section : Ambrose Akinmusire (trumpet); Brad Mason (trumpet, flugelhorn); Corey King (trombone); Andy Hunter (trombone).
This album plays like an extended musical suite. Binney shows his creative talents as a noteworthy composer. His powerful and emotional alto saxophone continues to be a modern and distinctive voice that stands out amongst his peers. Colley and Taborn anchor the proceedings, allowing Blade the opportunity to weave his percussive magic.The effective use of brass adds a dimension to this music that brings it into the realm of orchestrated jazz with a bite. Listen to Binney and Blade skillfully building the tension on Squares and Palaces.Binney has presented an artful offering with promises of more to come.
Donny McCaslin: Declaration (SSC-1218)
Donny McCaslin (tenor saxophone , alto flute); Edward Simon ( acoustic piano); Ben Monder (guitar); Scott Colley (acoustic bass); Antonio Sanchez (drums); Pernell Saturino (percussion). Brass Section: Alex Sipiagin (trumpet); Chris Komer (french horn); Marshall Gilkes (trombone); Marcus Roja (tuba, bass trombone); Tatum Greenblatt(trumpet)
Donny McCaslin has been one of a new breed of tenor saxophonists that have taken up the mantle left by the late Michael Brecker. He has been an integral sideman for many of today's most creative bands and now is bursting into his own as a formidable solo artist. He possesses a fiery delivery that is not just bluster but a true extension of his inner burning flame. With Declaration he has made a brilliant, swinging and at times inspiring record of unusual beauty, passion and warmth.
Justin Vasquez : Triptych
Justin Vasquez (Alto & Soprano Saxophone); Aaron Parks (Piano);Adam Rodgers
(acoustic and electric guitars);Orlando Le Fleming(bass);Clarence Penn(drums);Gregoire Marmet (harmonica); Gretchen Parlatto (voice).
As a debut album, Triptych, is simply way above anything else I have heard from a new artist. Young Vasquez shows some real moxie on this creative, intelligent and enjoyable maiden voyage. He utilizes the voices of his various musicians very effectively. Vasquez is joined by a stellar group of musicians who organically weave his compositions into beautiful and coherent pieces of music. Special note to Adam Rodgers' wonderful guitar work on Nimbus. Gretchen Parlatto's haunting vocals on Triptych and Aaron Parks' sympathetic work throughout. An artist that we should be looking to for great things to come in the future.
James Moody : Moody 4A (ipoc 1016)
James Moody (Tenor Saxophone); Kenny Barron (piano); Todd Coolman (bass); Lewis Nash (drums).
From the start of this album, with his playful but robust rendition of Secret Love you know you're in for a treat by a master. Moody's smooth, full toned saxophone is a pleasure to behold. He easily breathes refreshing ideas into old standards like 'Round Midnight, Stella by Starlight and East of the Sun making it obvious that he still has something to say in his inimitably joyful way. Moody is joined by the masterful Kenny Barron on piano and the fine rhythm section of Todd Coolman and Lewis Nash. These guy know and respect the tradition and it shows. At age eighty-four Moody is the keeper of the flame. Based on his mellifluous playing, (check out his easy swing on Kenny Barron's Voyage) the flame will be burning for quite some time within him.
Charlie Mariano with Philip Catherine and Jasper Van't Hof: The Great Concert (ENJ-95322).
With the passing of the great tenor saxophonist Charlie Mariano this year, the jazz world sadly lost one of it's truly creative voices. With this posthumously released live recording of this wonderful concert, we see the unbridled passion that Mariano could release from his horn at the ripe young age of eighty five! Beautiful to behold. Unfortunately for most American listeners, Mariano made his home in Europe since the early seventies. Many of us were deprived of seeing his penetrating artistry first hand. On this last concert, recorded in Stuttgart,Germany in May of 2009 with the wonderfully empathetic guitar virtuoso Philip Catherine and the pianist Jasper Van't Hof we find Mariano in a most pensive yet powerful mood. His voice is bright, clear and brimming with emotion. An extraordinarily powerful piece of music and a fitting epitaph to a lifetime of fine music.
Special mention to Joe Lovano's :Folk Art ; Joshua Redman's: Compass and Loren Stillman's:Winter Fruits
Labels: 4A, Charlie Mariano, Charlie Mariano The Great Concert, David Binney, David Binney'sThird Ocassion, Declaration, Donny Mc Caslin, James Moody, Justin Vasquez's Triptych
My Picks for Best Jazz Cd's for 2009
First and foremost I want to say how impressed I have been with the quality of offerings that I have had the chance to preview this year. Most of these selections come from musicians that fly far under the radar of the general listening public. Admittedly there are many fine albums, many by more established artists, that I have not had the opportunity to listen to or review. Consequently my list in no way attempts to represent a very best of 2009 but simply the best that I have had a chance to hear. With that caveat firmly established here are some of my favorite cds from this year.
My Top Five Piano Based CD's
Lawrence Hobgood with Charlie Haden and Kurt Elling When the Heart Dances (Naim CD112) Exquisitely recorded by Ken Christianson, this album awakened my consciousness to the beauty of the playing of pianist Lawrence Hobgood. The under appreciated Hobgood has for years been successfully accompanying and arranging with vocalist Kurt Elling, who joins him brilliantly on three songs on this album First Song, Stairway to the Stars & Daydream. His poignant collaboration with the noble, warm bass of Charlie Haden is notable especially on Que Sera Sera, When the Heart Dances, Why Did I Choose You, New Orleans & The Cost of Living. His unaccompanied piano plays like a reverential benediction on his own compositions, Sanctuary & Leatherwood. A fine album from a pianist who we hope to hear more from in the near future.
Marc Copland, Drew Gress and Bill Stewart
New York Trio Recordings, Vol. 3: Night Whispers(Pit3037)
Pianist Marc Copland has had a prolific year with several releases that all merit close attention. My favorite, this year, showcased the brilliant and sensitive Copland with a powerful trio made up of the buoyant Drew Gress on bass and the ubiquitous Bill Stewart on drums. There is a wonderful exhibition of subdued introspection-ala Bill Evans-on Copland's three solo deconstructions of the touching Johnny Mandell song Emily. His treatment of the Julie Styne standard I Fall In Love Too Easily is equally moving. The eruptive force of Stewart's drums and Gress's elastic bass are perfect foils to Copland's probing piano musings. On Gress's Like it Never Was the interaction is moving and spookily telepathic. The album features three Copland compositions the somnambulistic "The Bell Tolls" along with the title tune "Night Whispers", and his visual "Scattered Leaves". An unusual take on the familiar Miles Davis classic "So What" is icing on this cake.
Steve Kuhn, Drew Gress and Joey Baron with Joe Lovano
Mostly Coltrane(ECM 2099)
In celebration of a brief collaboration between Kuhn and saxophone titan John Coltrane back in 1960, pianist Kuhn has offered an inspiring album of rare warmth and elegance.The pianist carefully chooses a series of Coltrane tunes that are more in line with his own melodic sensibilities including Welcome, Song of Praise, Living Space, Central Park West, Configuration, Jimmy's Mode and Spiritual.
The tenor saxophonist Joe Lovano, channels the spirit more than emulates the sound of Coltrane, and is featured on several compositions. Lovano is in top form and he and Kuhn can be especially poignant in their interplay.The rhythm section of David Finck on bass and Joey Baron on drums play with a respectful yet powerful energy. Kuhn's ability to wretch emotion from his keyboard is touching on Crescent. On the free flowing treatment of Like Sonny, the entire group achieves a truly remarkable flow of oneness. Kuhn takes another run at his own composition Trance from his 1975 album of the same name. This time around he chooses to play the ostinato based melody solo. He delves more deeply into the nuances that he can produce from its core theme rather than concentrating on the driving, rhythmic nature of the original song. An interesting retrospective look at a song that I always found compelling. Kuhn is a treasure and with this album he has re-established himself as someone who is still at the top of his game.
The Jeff Hamilton Trio : Jeff Hamilton, Tamir Hendelman, Chris Luty
The Jeff Hamilton Trio: Symbiosis (Capri74097-2)
I know, I know the Jeff Hamilton Trio is lead by the very talented drummer Jeff Hamilton, nonetheless with Chris Luty on bass and the marvelous piano of Tamir Hendelman, it makes my top five of piano based Cd's for 2009. This album swings on songs like You Make Me Feel So Young or Fascinating Rhythm . The music can also pull at your heartstrings, like when Hamilton's wellspring of ideas on drums spurs on Hendelman to pianistic magic on Midnight Sun. Luty's inspired arco bass work and Hamilton's airy brush strokes, on the somber Claus Ogerman composition Symbiosis is perfect for the pensive, classically inspired piano of Hendelman. Blues for Junior and Blues in the Night are straight ahead blues with no excuses. A pleasurable musical experience throughout.
Jay Epstein, Bill Carothers and Anthony Cox
Easy Company (Gone Jazz 0902)
I am sure this is not everybody's cup of tea, but I enjoyed Easy Company a great deal. With unusual choices in material like the John Williams composed Star Wars inspired Imperial March to a hip treatment of the Cream classic White Room, Messers Epstein, Carothers and Cox stir up a convincing pot of piano based trio music that is surprisingly fresh. No two treatments are alike and the trio manages to push each other along to unexpected heights and around blind corners without any deleterious effects. Check out the emotionally evocative treatment by Cox on bass and Carothers on piano on Never Let Me Go. Carothers is an interesting, restless soul of a pianist who is hard to pigeonhole. Epstein and Cox are equally creative with something to say. They truly make for Easy Company. The entire album has the raw feel of a garage band recording where the musicians are serious about their craft but are having fun, prodding each other on and seeing where it takes them. It's a fascinating ride that is worth the trip.
Labels: Charlie Haden, Easy Company, Jay Epstein, Jeff Hamilton, Joe Lovano, Kurt Elling, Lawrence Hobgood, Marc Copland. Steve Kuhn, Mostly Coltrane, Symbiosis, Tamir Hendelman, When The Heart Dances
Review of Ravi Coltrane w/Geri Allen Trio at The Iridium
Check out my live performance review of Ravi Coltrane with Gerri Allen Trio at the Iridium as published on All About Jazz.
http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=34840
Despite my comments about his Iridium appearance the man can play :
RAVI COLTRANE QUARTET PLAYS GIANTS STEPS:
Labels: Geri Allen; Ravi Coltrane; Kenny Davis; The Iridium;
The Maestro of Cool Lee Konitz with Mark Turner, E...
TONY MALABY'S APPARITIONS, at the Cornelia Street ...
Review of Ravi Coltrane w/Geri Allen Trio at The I...


text:
Actor • Rapper • Musician
Birth Date: February 16, 1958
Birth Place: Newark, New Jersey
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