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Archive for November 2011
MRPL – play the refining cycle
Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals is expanding its refinery to 15 MMT by Jan/Feb 2012. The expansion will witness the refinery complexity rising from 5.5 to 9, which will be helpful for maximizing GRM. The expanded refinery will also consist of a 2.2 MMTPA Polypropylene (PP) FCCU which will mark the entry of the company into the petrochemical space. The PP unit is expected to achieve mechanical completion by Apr 2012 and commissioning by Jun 2012. Excellent product slate of the expanded refinery, due to reduction in fuel oil and introduction of PP, is expected to result in GRM jumping by ~$ 3.5/bbl during FY12-13. Realization for PP is currently ~$ 1500/ton, which is almost double that of other refined products. We estimate GRM of $ 5.1/bbl and $ 8.7/bbl in FY12 & FY13 respectively.
Upon completion of the expansion project, MRPL would be eligible for a 7 yr tax holiday under section 80IB of Income Tax Act. The company is also in talks with Karnataka State Govt. for Rs 1.25 bn Sales Tax deferment benefit, Rs 0.9 bn of CST benefit, Rs 0.8 bn of saving of Entry Tax on crude and one-time benefit of Rs 3 bn on exemption of Entry Tax on project benefits. GRM will be significantly higher than our estimates if the company is granted these tax incentives.
We value MRPL using a target EV/EBITDA multiple of 6x on FY13E EBITDA and reiterate BUY with a target price of Rs 81, which translates to upside of above 30%.
Posted in Fundamental Side, Market Update, Oil Market
Tagged with MRPL Refinery, Oil market, Oil Market update
There was some upward move seen last week but, such optimism was tempered when it came under renewed selling pressure on Monday. Globally markets were down owing to continued European concerns. While day-to-day fluctuations are reducing investor risk appetite it would be difficult to see the trend change soon. We have been advocating bearish view after the close of Friday and advised traders can short with stop loss of 5300. A sharp decline was seen in momentum stocks like Lovable, Dish TV , Delta corp and VIP inds which is indicating that bulls are also acknowledging the weakness. Markets are currently stuck in a small range and for Nifty future 5100 and 5300 can be considered as short range and between these range bias remains negative. If Nifty manages to break out from this range there could be a very sharp move on either side for minimum 3% to 4%. Based on short term charts averages 5100 will act as strong support and if indices sustain below 17000 and 5100 there could be sharp decline in subsequent days. A renewed buying interest can be expected only once these global concerns trim down otherwise market are likely to become lackluster in coming weeks.
Posted in Bear market, Market Update, Market Watch
Tagged with Bear Market, Low market, Market status, Stock Watch
Savings Bank Interest finally deregulated
Saving bank account interest rate deregulation has finally arrived. The first banks to lead the way with higher rates were the ones with nothing much to lose namely Yes Bank, IndusInd Bank and Kotak Bank. Low saving deposit balance meant that these banks have a greater scope as the gap between SA and term deposits remains a 400-450 bps gap. The mammoths of the banking system have yet to budge. I understand the insistence that saving accounts are transaction related products. However, with standardization across transaction banking services and the small banks named above no less technologically savvy my guess is the argument won't last too long. So should we expect a rush at branches for account opening applications? Unfortunately the answer is NO. The reason being, large banks continue to enjoy huge network, yes it does matter even in the days of internet banking and cross linkages of ATMs, and not to mention transaction related tie ups and linkages. Savings account products are convenience related and with real interest rates negative on most retail deposits, it is hard to imagine savings accounts as the next investment vehicle. So will the large banks increase saving account rates? I believe that eventually they will, things have a way of balancing out, it's just my hunch but they are holding off as long as they can.
There also seems a split in the nature of customers and between banks. One is the urban and rural divide. Rural customers sub Rs1 lakh deposits are a lot more loyal to banks. Can't blame them really, a trip outside of the metros and Tier I cities will explain the presence PSU banks have built. PSU banks have thrived on this fact and dominate this category of rural and semi urban customers. The issue now comes to urban centers and metros. Here there is a mix of the sub Rs1 lac and higher depositor and PSU and Private Banks. This is where large banks cannot write off the rate increase by smaller technologically advanced new generation banks.
A lot has been said on the subject over the past 2 weeks and a number of citations have been made of developed countries offering deregulated rates. However, there aren't any free lunches. Deregulation has been introduced at a time when money supply is under pressure and banks may be pulling all strings to maintain a low cost deposit base. Hence we are experiencing a rising saving rate cycle. However, just like the pattern in developed countries this could reverse itself when money supply is easy. Also, banks could impose a levy on transaction services offered to saving account holders or pass higher cost of funds through higher base rate. From what we have seen over the past 2-3 quarters bankers are in no mood to absorb higher rates and if their second quarter margins are intact it only means that they have passed on the increase in cost of funds.
Posted in Fundamental Side, Market Update, Market Watch
Tagged with Banking sector, Banks, Interest Deregulated, Interest Rate, Savings Interest
No real cheer in Motown during the festive season
With festive pre-buying set in the month of September, October showed comparatively subdued numbers sequentially. Going forward, we believe that seasonality will creep in towards the end of calendar year and the next two months will be even more subdued. Additionally, PVs will face the heat considering the interest rate hikes and fuel price hikes. Two wheeler demand is expected to be firm with positive developments happening in the rural markets such as good monsoon, rise in MSPs and employment schemes enforcement. CVs are expected to grow at a steady pace close to 10% on demand from LCV segment.
Bajaj Auto – (TP – Rs1,893, BUY) – Curfew at Pantnagar led to a loss of 25,000 units
Bajaj Auto has posted a record October performance by selling 3.95 lakh units, a growth of 7% yoy while it declined 7% mom. This has been the third month post the launch of 150cc Boxer, which again sold 10,000 units. Production got affected due to curfew at Pantnagar to the extent of 25,000 units. The twin brands Pulsar and Discover reported strong growth and contributed ~70% of total motorcycle sales. The company has recorded highest ever motor cycle sales in any October thus indicating that the 2 Wheeler sector is insulated from any macro headwinds. Three wheeler sales came in at 44,191 units, a growth of 8% yoy, and a fall of 5% mom. On the export side, Bajaj Auto sold 1.31 lakh units, a growth of 20% yoy and contributed 33% of sales v/s 29.7% yoy, which indicates a better profitability in the month. For the first seven months of the year, the company reported 15% yoy growth to cross the 2.65 mn mark.
Hero Motocorp – (TP – Rs1,928, SELL) – Sequential de-growth
HMCL had posted a record breaking volume performance in the month of September as it sold 5.49 lakh units in the festive environment. However, in October it failed to reach that mark and reported just 5.12 lakh units , a growth of 1.2% yoy and a decline of 7% mom. The company mentioned that at retail levels, the sales were more than 6 lakhs in October. With the stretched valuations, we believe that the stock is factoring all the expected positives like the upcoming production plant, foreign venture and improvement in margins on softening RM costs.
Mahindra and Mahindra – (Under Review) – Tractor sales robust, but auto sales slipped mom
M&M sold 41,506 units, a 20% growth yoy while it declined 6% mom. UV sales in the month grew by 6% yoy to 16,938 units, while declined 7% mom. 4W pick-up segment which includes Gio, Genio and Maxximo posted a robust 41% growth yoy as the LCV segment continued to grow at a strong paceindicating market share gain. Also new variants of Maxximo and Genio launched over the past month, which have performed well. Verito has posted yet another stellar month with a highest ever monthly sales recorded at 1,818 units , 16% mom growth v/s 1,560 units. Export sales moved up by 7% yoy with traction seen in major export markets. Farm Equipment Segment (FES) posted a very robust growth of 31% yoy to 31,838 units, while sequentially they zoomed up by a whopping 29% on festive demand post a strong monsoon and MSP on food grains being hiked. The festive launch of new SUV XUV500 priced in the range of Rs11-14 lakhs is expected to boost the UV sales as it has already attracted bookings of 8000 units and the company has stopped taking any more orders.
Maruti Suzuki – (TP – Rs 930, Underperformer)- Lowest ever monthly sales in the last decade
Maruti Suzuki (MSIL) 's sales in October came at 55,595 units, a sharp decline of 53% yoy, while on mom basis it was down by 35% driven by labour unrest at its plants leading to a production loss of 40,000 units. Also macro factors spoiled the game as PV sector is struggling to gain its lost luster. The company was completely unable to enjoy the festive season this year. The bread and butter segment, the mini segment de-grew by 55%, while the compact segment fell by 56% yoy. Exports were down by 64% yoy as A Star, the best selling export model faced the brunt of labor unrest at Manesar. We do not see Maruti to punch more than one lakh units in the near future and hence report a negative growth in FY 12. MSIL's market share in the first half of the year has gone down below 40%. Going forward, the recent and the expected hike in interest rate by RBI will lead to it getting passed to customers sooner or later, which will further impact demand. New launches from competitors and fuel price hikes will add fuel to this. Hence , we believe that Maruti will continue to underperform its peers and the auto industry over the next one year.
Tata Motors – (Under Review)- Sales slip sequentially
October sales for the company were at 68,009 units, 5% up yoy and 16% up mom. CV sales grew by 13% yoy, out of which LCV sales were up by 6% yoy, signifying some loss of market share to M&M and MHCV sales were 23% higher yoy, a trend reversal. This reflects strong CV sales despite macro headwinds. PV segment sales declined by 3% on macro pressures on the PV segment to 25,746 units while utility segment sales went up by 23% yoy. Indica range grew by 11% yoy as a new variant of Indica was launched 2 months back. Indigo range sales were also low by 24% yoy. Nano sales grew on lower base at 3,868 units albeit low, up 26% yoy , while on mom basis, Nano's grew by 30%.
Posted in Auto Segment, Fundamental Side, Market Watch
Tagged with Auto season, Automobile, Automobile sales, car sale, Subdued car sale
Today all eyes are on Europe, but there is another part of the world where there are several events that have happened in 2011 and will continue to happen over the next several months that will definitely have implications globally in the medium and long term. With all headlines talking primarily about Europe the incidents in Middle-East are getting short bursts of airtime.
But, Middle-East according to me is a wild card. I can say with certainty that we will only have uncertainty in the Middle East for the foreseeable future.
There are a lot of incidents that have happened from the beginning of this rather extraordinary year starting with the vast and inspiring gathering in Tahrir Square and now a bloody end to Muammar Gaddafi. Each of these incidents in isolation will not have a global impact, but when you combine them with the fact that 60% of the global oil reserves are in the Middle-East and Africa then suddenly the scenario starts looking a bit ominous. With really no serious alternative to Oil despite years of research and billions of dollars spent on alternate energy, it is only but natural to have a secular view that Oil prices will continue to be pressured upwards. We all of course know about the demand side coming from the Emerging markets, but let us not forget the potential challenges that could erupt on the supply side.
The timeline of events in the Middle-East in 2011:
January 2011: TUNISIA: The cyberactivist group "Anonymous" announces Operation Tunisia in solidarity with the protests by striking a number of Tunisian government websites with "direct denial of service" attacks, flooding them with traffic and temporarily shutting them down. Saudi Arabia officially announces that it is hosting Ben Ali and his family for an unspecified period of time.
January 2011: EGYPT: Activists in Egypt call for an uprising in their own country, to protest against poverty, unemployment, government corruption and the rule of president Hosni Mubarak, who has been in power for three decades.
February 2011: BAHRAIN: Anti-government "Day of Rage" in Bahrain. Bahrain police storm Pearl roundabout, the focal point of protests, on a Manama square, to clear activists camped out there. At least seven people are killed. Bahrain declares martial law, a day after Saudi troops enter Bahrain.
Mar – till date 2011 SYRIA: In March at least 200 people march in Damascus and there are reports of at least 23 dead around the country including, for the first time, in Damascus. President Assad sacks the governor of the northern province of Hama after mass demonstration there, eventually sending in troops to restore order at the cost of scores of lives. Assad still has not fallen — and for all the expectations that he would be unable to hold out, he has held out quite well to this point.
May 2011: OSAMA BIN LADEN: In a televised address, Mr. Obama announces Bin Laden's death after months of secret planning and operations.
Feb – Oct 2011: LIBYA: LIBYA'S National Transitional Council announced elections and the formation of an interim government and declared itself liberated after 42 years of rule by Muammar Gaddafi. It ended with his capture and death last week. It all started with the arrest of human rights activist Fethi Tarbel starts a riot in Benghazi in Feb and Anti-government militias taking control of central coastal city of Misrata after evicting forces loyal to Gaddafi. Then with NATO and U.N. Security Council combining forces it only was a matter of time for Col Gaddafi to lose control.
Feb – Apr 2011 OMAN: In Oman, Sultan Qaboos has acquiesced in protesters' demands that he release nearly 300 dissidents arrested since the Arab Spring protests began in Oman a couple of months ago
June 2011 SAUDI ARABIA: The kingdom is spending $130 billion to pump up salaries, build housing and finance religious organizations, among other outlays, effectively neutralizing most opposition.
June 2011 YEMEN: President Ali Abdullah Saleh wounded in a bombing on his palace in the capital Sana'a. The attack comes after widespread protests, the killing of hundreds of demonstrators and violent battles between army loyalists and defectors. Saleh evacuated for treatment in Saudi Arabia but confounds expectations by returning to Yemen, where he repeats promises to resign that few believe.
October 2011: Hamas reached a deal with Israel on Tuesday for the release 1,027 prisoners in exchange for Shalit, who was captured in 2006 and has since been held in the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian prisoners will be released in two phases.
October 2011: Mr. Obama said Friday that the estimated 40,000 U.S. soldiers still in Iraq would return home by the end of the year, after the failure of tense and protracted negotiations with the Iraqi government to amend an existing military agreement between the two sides to allow for a contingent of combat troops in the country beyond Dec. 31.
October 2011: U.S. agents disrupted an Iranian assassination-for-hire scheme targeting Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United States
There are multiple moving parts in the region and many of the unexpected events of recent weeks including the sudden peace arrangement between Hamas and Israel add to that uncertainty. But the biggest one in my opinion is the planned American troop withdrawal from oil-rich Iraq after spending close to USD 1 trillion in real money, losing 4,481 troops and having 32,195 soldiers injured with 20% of whom have serious brain or spinal injuries. Until the fall of Saddam Hussein following the U.S. invasion in 2003, Iraq was known as the "Shield of the Arabs" because it prevented Iran from expanding its influence westward. With Saddam gone, Iran will easily be able to re-emerge.
Iran is the leading conventional power in the region with more than 500,000 troops on the ground and this time around, taking very measured and careful steps.
Stratefor describes the Bahrain uprising as a test of strength for the Iranians. Shiites rose up in Bahrain against their Sunni rulers with at least some degree of Iranian support. Saudi Arabia, linked by a causeway to Bahrain, perceived this as a test of its resolve, intervening with military force to suppress the demonstrators and block the Iranians. To Iran, Bahrain was simply a probe; the Saudi response did not represent a major reversal in Iranian fortunes.
The main game for Iran is in Iraq. The Iranians will not be in control of Iraq, but they have sufficient allies, both in the government and in outside groups, that they will be able to block policies they oppose, either through the Iraqi political system or through disruption. They will not govern, but no one will be able to govern in direct opposition to them. Iraq in recent months has moved closer to Iran. Iraq, for example, has supported Iran's right to nuclear technology and advocated U.N. membership for Palestinians. Prime Minister Maliki and his party were in exile in Iran for 10 years. Many of the Kurdish leaders, including the current president of Iraq, was in Iran. Many of them speak fluent Persian. They have long and ongoing ties. Muqtada al-Sadr, when he finds that things get difficult for him in Iraq he head backs to Iran. So all of these political officials have been nourished and sustained by Iran.
The potential rise of Iran in the Middle-East and its resulting discomfort to the US is easily demonstrated by the fact that Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned Iran against assuming that U.S. would allow it to flex its muscles. She said that Tehran "would be badly miscalculating" if it interpreted the Iraq withdrawal as a sign of diminished American military commitment to the region. U.S. is quickly trying to make its moves by trying to persuade Europe to put tough measures on Tehran's central bank, Iranian airlines and port companies in an effort to increase pressure on Iran.
But, as Frederick Kagan, a scholar at the conservative American Enterprise Institute who helped craft the Bush administration's 2007 Iraq troop-surge strategy said "I don't see how you can talk about containing Iran, when you leave Iraq to its own devices in such a way that it has no ability to protect itself. There is no upside to this decision.
President Obama used some rhetoric which was more intense than he usually does in response to the alleged assassination plot on the Saudi Arabian ambassador.
There are also reports that the United States will this week commence huge military maneuvers aimed at Iran, with a massive air fleet patrolling middle eastern skies ready to land at any time, in response to Iran's involvement in an alleged assassination plot that experts have labeled dubious, amidst fears that US and Israeli targets could be hit by attacks.
The Arab Spring events in Middle East have been transformational, and have been led by the youth of the country who want a future, a job and above all dignity. But, how the future will shape up is not at all clear today. The uprising was really not about democracy, but all about economic development, distribution of wealth and prosperity. Will the region act more matured in its way it positions for the future and focus on co-operation and development so that the youth in the countries get a future. I guess there is a strong probability that this might be the case. But, with US leaving the region who will fill the void and ensure that the region unites?
There is a serious possibility that Iran will manage to take a dominant position in Iraq. In Iraq, Iran sees an opportunity to extend its influence westward. Syria is allied with Iran, and it in turn jointly supports Hezbollah in Lebanon. The prospect of a U.S. withdrawal from Iraq opened the door to a sphere of Iranian influence running along the southern Turkish border and along the northern border of Saudi Arabia. It will be interesting to see how the Saudi's position themselves with Iran. They are ultimate pragmatists.
There would be a dramatic change in the balance of power in the region and it would also be something that would reshape the global balance, as the world is dependent on oil from this region and is going to cooperate with whoever has it. I am of the view that this will possibly ultimately mean that the western world will have to potentially find a middle-ground and forget the past and deal with the region on a more matured basis. Iran will possibly understand that this would be an opportunity for them to lose. They clearly have the upper hand in the region now. The ultimate solution will end up being a compromise where all sides get a fair deal, but it is unlikely that the path to that solution will be a straight line.
To conclude, I feel that supply side issues will keep oil prices supported. In the medium term Oil price range will be higher in the USD 100 to 150 range rather than below USD 100 for a sustained period.
Written by Sayanta Basu
Posted in Oil Market
Tagged with Middle East, Oil Impact, Oil price hike


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Nina Dobrev Explains Why She Didn't Want To Be 'Identified' Only por 'The Vampire Diaries'
Nina Dobrev's decision to leave "The Vampire Diaries" is many things: super effing sad, bittersweet, confusing, et al. But it's not entirely surprising.
palavras chave: diários do vampiro, season 6, elena, nina dobrev, exit, leaving
enviado por nermai over a year ago
I remember visiting this website once...
Here's some stuff I remembered seeing:
Nina Dobrev Explains Why She Didn't Want To Be 'Identified' Only By 'The Vampire Diaries'
Plus, here\'s why her exit might not be the worst thing for "TVD."
When MTV News caught up with Dobrev at the 2015 SXSW festival, the "TVD" star told us all about her plan to "take over the world, eventually." Of course, we didn't know it then, but Dobrev and "Vampire Diaries" boss Julie Plec had been plotting Elena Gilbert's exit from Mystic Falls for months. "I don't want to be identified only by this one thing," Dobrev said.
Dobrev's future plans for world domination include lots of yoga and perhaps even some behind-the-camera work.
"I do want to direct at some point," Dobrev told MTV News. "I want to produce — I'm going to take over the world eventually. But I feel like if I do that, I want to do it in a different platform, separate [from 'The Vampire Diaries']… If I decide to take that path, I think I'd do it in a different way."
So there you have it, "TVD" fans. Dobrev's departure, though heartbreaking, is not completely unwarranted. For six seasons, we've watched the native Canadian grow tremendously as an actress, delivering knockout performances that made us laugh
ugly cry — sometimes even at the same time.
But where does that leave "The Vampire Diaries" for season seven? The future may be uncertain, but Ian Somerhalder, Paul Wesley, Candice Accola and Kat Graham will all be back as series regulars next season, and TBH, we're eager to see how the show will move on without Dobrev at the helm.
With a renewed focus and exciting new character dynamics, there's hope for season seven yet. Sure, it will never be the same without Elena, but it doesn't have to be. Here's why Dobrev's exit might not be the worst thing for "The Vampire Diaries" after all:
Whether you're #TeamDelena or #TeamStelena, we all can agree on one thing: we want Elena to be happy. And we can't think of a better way for Elena's story to end than with her taking the cure and becoming human again. Because Elena was never cut out for the vampire life. She was always the human center of the show. If Elena does take the cure, then there's no way Damon would even consider risking her newly human life. In fact, we wouldn't be surprised if he would be the one to break things off. He'd want Elena to live her best life, full of adventures and worldly travels. Closing this chapter on Delena would be heartbreakingly fitting.
One of the best — and most surprising — parts of this season has been watching the chemistry between Damon and Bonnie flourish. Their friendship has become one of the best dynamics on the show, and we'd love to see season seven explore that. It doesn't even have to be romantic. Bonnie and Damon are magnetic on screen, and more focus on that would be a step in the right direction.
As for Steroline, Stefan and Caroline's newfound romance could make for some compelling drama next season. That, and more Steroline is never a bad thing. And with more focus on Caroline — and hopefully a rejuvenated and inspired writers' room that will give her better material — we think Accola, with her magical crying powers, could be a fantastic lead for the series. And if all else fails, "The Vampire Diaries" could just turn into a show about Damon and Enzo and I'd still watch it.
"The Vampire Diaries" might always be known as a teen show — ugh, blame the love triangle! — but over the past two seasons, it's grown into something so much more than that. Dobrev's exit marks the end of an era, and with Wesley and Somerhalder taking the reigns as leads for season seven, "TVD" might actually get to dive into more adult themes. It would also give the writers an exciting new challenge. In a statement to MTV News, Plec says moving on sans Dobrev is "sad, nostalgic, scary, and yet super stimulating." With the love triangle finally in its rearview mirror, we're hoping "TVD" finds its new normal in season seven.
'Vampire Diaries' EPJulie Plec Releases Statement on Nina Dobrev's Exit & Michael Trevino's Future
Inside Nina Dobrev's Emotional 'Vampire Diaries' Exit
Nina Dobrev On 'Vampire Diaries' Departure: 'The Fairytale Has To End'
'I Could Never amor Like That'
This Is What Nina Dobrev Is Up to After 'The Vampire Diaries'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Select Travel Portfolio is led by Chris Bligh who has extensive knowledge of the hotel industry, tour operating and wholesaling gained from 25 years experience as a travel professional.
This broad experience includes senior positions as director of a wholesale tour operator selling destinations throughout the UK and Europe, product development manager for a major UK coach operator and sales manager for a large British hotel group responsible for international and domestic leisure markets. With research and analytical skills sharpened through successfully completing an MBA, a passion for marketing and a track record of enduring loyalty from key customers, Chris has the knowledge and contacts to increase your business from the UK travel trade.


This is a placeholder page for Shantel Ephraim, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Shantel Ephraim.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Shantel Ephraim. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Shantel Ephraim. We created this page automatically in hopes Shantel Ephraim would find it. If you are not Shantel Ephraim, but are an alumni of Elysian Fields High School, register on this site for free now.


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Pueblo Nuevo District is one of the fourteen districts of the Ica Province in Peru.

Districts of the Ica Region
1871 establishments in Peru

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Sepi Aghdaee
Nico Calvo Rosenstone
Cathy Cha
Denis Chicola
Holly Delany Cole
Matt Foreman
Luigi Fu
Cynthia Gibson
Robert D. Haas
Walter J. Haas
Ira Hirschfield
Jennifer Kirschenbaum
Raquiba LaBrie
Tomás D. Morales
Paula Morris
Beth Rayfield
Tamitrice Rice Mitchell
Victoria Rodarte
Jennie Lehua Watson
Evan Wolfson
Sylvia Yee
By Cathy Chain Immigrant Rights
Photo by Theo Rigby
A Temporary Setback to Executive Action
Despite uncertainty, now is the time for philanthropy to be bold
Program director Cathy Cha talks about the temporary halt to President Obama's executive action and what it does, and doesn't mean.
Follow @cathycha
Last Monday, a federal judge in Texas put a temporary halt to President Obama's executive action on immigration. Legal experts widely believe that President Obama's executive actions are constitutional and will ultimately prevail. By Friday, the White House announced that it will seek an emergency stay to block the injunction which would speed up the appeals process. If the stay is granted, the government could restart the executive programs that will protect millions of undocumented immigrants from deportation. Immigrant rights advocates advocated strongly for the stay – they want the programs up and running while the appeals process plays out.
In this time of uncertainty, I hope philanthropy can be bold.
Now is not the time to slow down investments or planning for implementing the President's executive action. At the Haas, Jr. Fund, we are working with other funders and immigrant leaders to make sure our home state is investing in what's needed to ensure that as many of the 1.5 million eligible Californians as possible apply for the administrative relief. This includes developing creative partnerships to outreach to immigrant communities, application assistance, legal services and more.
This isn't the first challenge to real progress for America's immigrants, and it certainly won't be the last. The refrain from advocates is "not if, but when." I hope funders will join the movement's chorus.
For the latest on the President's Action and what it means for immigrants, visit the NILC website.
What's Your Perspective?
Issue Area
Supporting equal opportunities for immigrants to become active citizens and achieve the American dream.
Reflections on a Hospital Stay
When program director Cathy Cha found herself having emergency surgery, she wasn't expecting to be thinking about work.
Taking on Wedge Politics
Program director Cathy Cha guest blogs for the Bay Area Justice Funders Network on how foundations can help confront tough issues as they come up.
Sepi served as a Program Officer at the Haas, Jr. Fund
Rachel works to strengthen the field of leadership development for social change.
Cathy leads the Fund's work to advance rights and create opportunities for all people.
Denis works to ensure that communications are at the core of the Fund's efforts to advance rights and create opportunities.
Holly directs the Fund's flagship leadership investment program, which helps grantees to build the leadership they need to reach their goals.
Matt oversees the Fund's extensive support for the drive for equal rights and opportunities for LGBT people.
In his leadership of the Haas, Jr. Fund, Walter J. Haas is guided by a commitment to serving the community and to creating opportunities for all people to succeed.
Ira oversees the Fund's investments and leads its work on selected community partnerships.
Paula has worked with the Fund's Flexible Leadership Awards program since its inception in 2005, and was its program director until January 2015.
Beth Rayfield is the director of institutional advancement at the Center for Community Change (CCC) and former development director at CHIRLA.
Jennie leads the Fund's work to advance rights and create opportunities for all people.
Evan is the founder and President of Freedom to Marry, a longtime Fund partner and key player in the campaign to win marriage equality nationwide.
Linda leads the Fund's work to strengthen leaders, organizations and movements that are advancing social change.
Sylvia served as the Fund's Vice President of Programs


Huber was a part of a Smithsonian initiative in the 1960s called the Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program (POBSP), the records of which are stored in the Smithsonian Institution Archives. My internship here at the Smithsonian Libraries is focused on countries of under one million people, with special attention to research done by the Smithsonian Institution in these countries. Much of this research has revolved around POBSP and the small Pacific islands visited by them, and I think I have come to know the program and the men and women who worked on it fairly well. The main goals of POBSP were to get a snapshot of the range and distribution of plants and animals of the Pacific Ocean and study their behaviors. A major part of this involved the banding of seabirds, in order to obtain data about their migration habits and patterns.
But mist and rain and gray all day.
Of pitching, rolling, bumping, crashing.
And all day long the sea kept thrashing.
From shifting winds and washing tide.
And wind up on the deck – a heap.
While these strangely funny witticisms were not directly related to my research here, I found that they were useful nonetheless. They gave me insights into who these people were, and what made them tick. They provided me with context for the Program, allowed me to place personalities with the people involved, and ultimately made the scientific data they collected all the more fascinating.
Next Post Happy 45th Birthday, Warren M. Robbins Library!


HMS Wellesley (second Training Ship 'Cornwall') was built by the East India Company at Bombay and launched on 24th February 1815 as a 3rd rate 72 gun ship. She was built of teak and cost £55,147. Her dimensions were 175.10 ft x 48.4 ft.
She saw active service in the Far East on several occasions and was for a time Flag Ship of Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Lewis-Maitland. When she returned from this service, some 27 cannon balls were found embedded in her sides.
She was loaned to the School Ship Society by the Admiralty in 1868, and fitted as a training ship, was re-named 'Cornwall' to be moored off Purfleet in April of that year. Owing to industrial development at Purfleet, she was moved to Denton, below Gravesend in 1928.
In 1940 she was severely damaged by enemy action and subsequently sank; she was raised in 1948, and beached at Tilbury-Ness, where she was broken up. Her timbers were found to be still in good condition and were used in the rebuilding of the Law Courts in London.
When the Cornwall was broken up, her figurehead was taken to Chatham Dockyard, where it still stands, just inside the Main Gate under her original name of Wellesley. Many souvenirs were made from her timber, such as ashtrays, candlesticks, serviette rings etc, each with a metal plate giving details of the ship. These can now be found in maritime antique shops and fairs.
This photograph was taken c.1958. The house is still in the Hordern family and remains so until 1967.
Retford Hall, Darling Point, Sydney, NSW.
A listed Grade II building since 1952, The house is currently (Jan 2014) owned by Steve Harris of the heavy metal band, 'Iron Maiden'. It was put on the market for sale at £5.85M. This was both the home and workplace for William and Mai Breakspear in the 1911 census.
This photograph, the only one in existence that I have found, was probably taken from an enemy ship recording their succeses of the day. Although of poor quality, she can clearly be seen on fire about to disappear below the waves on 31 May 1916. Of the 1017 crew, there were only 2 survivors.
One of Yorkshire's premier stately homes, Sledmore House was built in 1751 by Sir Christopher Sykes, the 2nd Baronet. Joseph Rose, the celebrated plasterer of his time, was employed to decorate the interior and it was said, produced the best work of his career.
The house is set in parkland laid out by 'Capability' Brown and includes a beautiful walled rose garden and the recently added Knot garden.
The house interior features a magnificent staircase hallway which reverberates regularly to the music of a 51-stop pipe organ.
Currently occupied by Sir Tatton Sykes, the 8th Baronet, the house is one of a declining number of our stately homes with that 'lived-in' atmosphere and warmth.
This photograph of Frank was probably taken around 1935 when he was around 16 years of age.
SMITH, Herbert with spouse ATTEWELL, Elizabeth Jane.
This photograh has Henry (smoking his pipe) and his son Jack (stood on the running-board), taken around 1913 in Arden, Manitoba, Canada. Other people in the photo have not been identified. The photo was originally published in a book of the history and early pioneers of the Plumas district of Manitoba.
The tenancy of Speke Hall was acquired by the Shipping-line owner, Frederick Richards Leyland in 1867.
SS Minnedosa was a 15,000 ton steam ocean liner built in Glasgow on the River Clyde for the Canadian Pacific Shipping Line by Barclay Curle in 1918. She was used on the Liverpool to St John, New Brunswick run and called at all the major transatlantic ports. She carried numerous immigrants to Canada and the United States and for a period in the late 1920s was commanded by Captain Ronald Niel Stuart, VC and was entitled to fly the Blue Ensign as a result.
In 1935 she was sold for scrap, but was purchased by Mussolini's Italian government and refitted as a troopship named "Piemonte". She was employed throughout the Second World War, which she survived, only to be scrapped in Italy in 1949.
These two watercolour paintings by Valerie Petts, are of St Barnabas Church, situated in Jericho, Oxford. It is here that Michael Broadway was the Organist for over 50 years.
These pictures are displayed by kind permission of, and with grateful thanks to, Valerie Petts, the artist.
An exterior sketch of the church.
This interior photograph was taken, probably around the early 1900's. I have restored this from the original, which was heavily damaged.
St John's Church, Kensal Green, West London.
A Photograph of the exterior of the church in which, amongst others, the marriage of William Arthur Jones and Maria Stagg took place on 13 March 1910.
The present parish church, replacing a 12th century building, was completed in 1716. Designed by John James, an associate of Sir Christopher Wren, it has a homely grandeur with deep roots in the maritime history of Britain. The links with the 'Mayflower', with the Pilgrim Fathers, and with Prince Lee Boo of Pelau, are particularly treasured.
The organ, built and installed by John Byfield in 1764, is a superb example of 18th century English organ building. Its tonal qualities have been retained to the present day, so that its sound is much as Handel (1685-1759) and his London contemporaries would have heard and appreciated.
Memorials inside and outside the building tell of the vision and philanthropy of former worshippers, of sacrifice, and of faith in times of suffering and adversity.
This photo is created from the merge of 2 separate photos. They were taken at the time of Jack and Beatrice's marriage.
This photo was taken around 1891 in West Ham, London, following Joseph's retirement as a lighthouse keeper.
This picture taken with Arthur in his military uniform, was probably taken around the beginning of World War 1.
STOKES, Harriet Grace with spouse George ORAM and their family.
This photograph was taken in 1929 in Eungai, New South Wales, Australia.
Before becoming a hotel, Stonehouse Court was the home of Arthur Winterbotham and his wife Ada.
Stonehouse Court was originally a stone manor house owned by William de Ow (or de Eu), a cousin of William the Conqueror. William Fowler was one of two local clothiers who bought Stonehouse manor in 1558. His son Daniel rebuilt it in 1602, in the fashionably flattering form of a letter "E" for Elizabeth. A large stone in the garden is alleged to mark the burial location of Oliver Cromwell's horse. The Court was altered by Sir Edwin Lutyens in 1906 and further rebuilding and internal alteration followed a fire in May 1908. It was sold for business purposes in 1974 and is now used as a hotel.
For a detailed report of the fire, see this excellent article produced by the Stonehouse History Group.
I acquired this postally used postcard at auction. It is a view of Tetbury, Gloucestershire. Taken from the Cottage Hospital area, it is a view of Fox Hill (the main road into Tetbury from Malmesbury). On the left can be seen the spire of St Mary's Church. The postcard is date stamped 1907.
The village of Lacock, Wiltshire, lies just to the south of the Cotswolds. Originally a centre of the medieval wool trade and part of the estate of Lacock Abbey, the whole village is now owned by the National Trust. Here, there are no television aerials, no yellow lines, and no overhead cables. Lacock Abbey was founded in 1232 and converted into a Country House around 1540. It was once the home of William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877), inventor of the negative/positive photographic process whose descendants gave the Abbey and the village to The National Trust. The Abbey is now home to the Fox Talbot photographic museum.
The name "Sign of the Angel", derives from a coin. The coin was first minted in 1461 under the reign of Edward IV. It's value was 6 shillings and eight pence. By 1547 its value had reached ten shillings, as a result of the extravagant spending habits of Henry VIII and an early example of inflation. It remained a ten shilling gold coin until production ceased in 1643 during the reign of Charles I.
The Angel was probably purpose built as an inn during the 15th Century, however, the first documentary evidence appears on the 1764 estate map... "an house, the Angel and its appurtenances 39 perches". The tenant, Martha Bromham, also leased a close and willow bed of 1 acre 4 perches.
The Angel also appears in the Alehouse registers for 1822-1827. By 1843 it is described as "Angel public house, stable yard and gardens".
By 1871, however the Angel appears to have been divided into two properties and by the 1881 census there are three households living in the Angel. In 1916, the present kitchens were built, at which time the building was a simple private house; then in 1953 Mr and Mrs Levis took the Angel and it once more became an inn.
On 19 May 1941 HMS Hood sailed with the brand new battleship Prince of Wales to intercept the German battleship Bismarck that was attempting to break out into the North Atlantic. Bismarck and her compatriot, the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, were shadowed on radar by the Norfolk and Suffolk which reported their position to Admiral Holland in Hood. In the Denmark Strait on the morning of 24 May Holland ordered his ships to close the range and shortly before 0600 both sides opened fire. The Bismarck's fifth salvo hit the Hood amidships penetrating the secondary armament magazine. The detonation spread to the main magazine resulting in a catastrophic explosion which tore the ship in half. Only three of her 1418 crew survived.
This is a picture of the Brig 'Amelia' on which William Furneaux was learning his trade and was an apprentice on the night of Sunday 7 April 1861 (the 1861 UK census). The picture is dated 17 February 1850.
The following comments provided by James Cox, Ontario, Canada.
The children's mother "Minnie Elizabeth Williams" is most likely the woman on the right. The woman on the left looks like her younger sister "Caroline Williams" Their uniforms look like Red Cross, St John's Ambulance or military.
"This is taken after 3 years of neglect. I kidnapped them out of school the day after I arrived in England"
"Jimmy, Olive, Cyril taken 6 months ago when I took them away".
In 1939, the German navy launched the 823-foot battleship Bismarck at Hamburg, the largest warship commissioned at the time.
Adolf Hitler hoped that the state of the art Bismarck would herald the rebirth of the German surface battle fleet. However, after the outbreak of war, Britain closely guarded ocean routes from Germany to the Atlantic Ocean, and only U-boats moved freely through the war zone.
In May 1941, the order was given for the Bismarck to break out into the Atlantic. Once in the safety of the open ocean, the battleship would be almost impossible to track down; all the while wreaking havoc on Allied convoys to Britain. Learning of its movement, Britain sent almost the entire British home fleet in pursuit.
On May 24, the British battle cruiser Hood and battleship Prince of Wales intercepted it near Iceland. In a ferocious battle, the Hood exploded and sank, and all but three of the crewmen were killed.
The Bismarck escaped, but because it was leaking fuel, it fled for occupied France. On May 26, it was sighted and crippled by British aircraft, and on May 27, three British warships descended on the Bismarck and finished it off. The German death toll was over 2,000.
Built by the Benson family in 1840 with the intention of catching the passing trade brought about by the opening of the new Turnpike Road, Aston House, later to be renamed The Mitre, was on the site previously occupied by Hodge's Tenement demolished to make way for the new building. Unfortunately, with the rebuilding of the Angel Hotel following a fire in 1830, no advantage accrued to the new business as the Angel had been in the perfect position to take advantage of any increased traffic, and they had cornered the market.
A major fire having destroyed the vicarage, the Benson Family decided to make use the Mitre as a replacement vicarage, and it was to continue in this role for the next 40 years until the construction of the new vicarage in the 1880s. After the family moved out, the Mitre, still owned by Rev. J.P. Benson, became Mitre Farm and operated as a Dairy for some years, and it was certainly a dairy in 1894, when Charles Frost was the Dairyman.
Mrs Burgess recalls that her mother had two sisters, Harriet, who married Mr Amos Maire, and Kate, who married Mr Charles Partridge. Before their marriage, Charles Maire and their brother Charles, who had a clubfoot, took on the Mitre as a dairy, and the Directory of 1902 shows Mrs Harriet Maire as the Dairyman. In the Directory of 1930, it was still operating as a Dairy with Reginald Manley listed as the Dairyman.
In 1936, Miss Benson offered it to the village, together with 23 acres of land, as an endowment for a public hall. This offer after careful consideration was not accepted, but when in 1944, the family repeated the offer it was accepted and John Benson gave The Mitre Farm, consisting of a Cottage, farm buildings and 29 acres of land to trustees, Rev J A S Castlehow and Ernest Hutchings. This gift was for the expressed purpose of setting up a Charitable Trust to provide social and recreational facilities for the inhabitants of Witheridge, and its immediate neighbourhood. The trustees formed the Mitre Club, and the first committee contained representatives of many interested parties.
Later it was realised that the Mitre would not make a village hall, if only because there was no big function room. The trustees therefore sold the Mitre and all the land, with the exception of one field known as Way's Field and originally as First Lime Close. The money from the sale was invested in the name of the Witheridge Parish Hall.
The Sanitorium was built in 1855 at Bournemouth because of the healthy atmosphere of the region. It was a prominent centre for the treatment of Tuberculosis. George Nelson was a patient there at the time of the 1901 UK Census.
This German postcard commemorates the sinking of 3 ships of the Royal Navy by the German Submarine, U-9. On the left is HMS Aboukir on which Robert Tritton was serving. On the right is HMS Hogue. HMS Cressy was also torpedoed and sunk. The inset photograph (top left) is of Lieutenant Otto Weddigen, Commander of the U-Boat.
All three ships were taken by complete surprise as they weren't expecting submarines in that area at that time. The entire battle had lasted less than two hours, and cost the British three warships, 62 officers and 1,397 ratings. This incident established the U-boat as a major weapon in the conduct of naval warfare.
This building was the premises of the Cox Brothers (Edward and George) who ran their Seed Merchants business from here for nearly 40 years.
The building still stands but it now appears to have been converted into "Chocolateria San Churro" (a churros café).


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UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology UCLA
Peer Reviewed Title: Boats (Use of) Author: Vinson, Steve, University of Indiana, Bloomington Publication Date: 2013 Series: UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Publication Info: UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, UCLA Permalink: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/31v360n5 Keywords: transportation, travel, fishing, papyrus, wood, paddling, towing, sailing, Near Eastern Languages and Societies Local Identifier: nelc_uee_8063 Abstract: Ancient Egyptian boats are defined as river-going vessels (in contrast with sea-going ships). Their use from late Prehistory through the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods included general transportation and travel, military use, religious/ceremonial use, and fishing. Depending on size and function, boats were built from papyrus or wood. The oldest form of propulsion was paddling, although there is some evidence for towing as well. Sailing was probably introduced towards the end of the late-Predynastic Period.
eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide.
Steve Vinson
Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Material Culture University of California, Los Angeles Editor University of California, Los Angeles
BOATS (USE OF)
WILLEKE WENDRICH
JACCO DIELEMAN
ELIZABETH FROOD
Editor University of Oxford
JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford
Short Citation: Vinson, 2013, Boats (Use of). UEE. Full Citation: Vinson, Steve, 2013, Boats (Use of). In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002gw1hs
8063 Version 1, April 2013 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002gw1hs
Boote (Gebrauch) Bateaux (Usage) Ancient Egyptian boats are defined as river-going vessels (in contrast with sea-going ships). Their use from late Prehistory through the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods included general transportation and travel, military use, religious/ceremonial use, and fishing. Depending on size and function, boats were built from papyrus or wood. The oldest form of propulsion was paddling, although there is some evidence for towing as well. Sailing was probably introduced towards the end of the latePredynastic Period.
( ) . . .)( .
oats in ancient Egypt were ubiquitous and crucially important to many aspects of Egyptian economic, political, and religious/ideological life. Four main categories of uses can be discussed: basic travel/transportation, military, religious/ceremonial, and fishing. Examples of each can be traced from the formative period of Egyptian history down to the close of Egypts traditional culture in the fourth century CE. One terminological problem is to identify a dividing line between boats and ships. For the purpose of this article, the term ship is arbitrarily taken to mean craft working entirely or primarily at sea (i.e., on the Red Sea or Mediterranean). Therefore, we confine
ourselves here as far as possible to water craft of any size that were intended primarily for service on the Nile. Types A large variety of boat types can be identified in ancient Egypt, ranging from small papyrus rafts that might be capable of carrying only a single person (see Landstrm 1970: 94 - 97), up to extremely large vessels used for transporting exceptionally large cargoes like obelisks (see especially the obelisk barge of Hatshepsut pictured at Deir el-Bahri, which was 120 cubits, or about 60 meters, long; Landstrm 1970: 128 - 133). Vessels can also be divided into ceremonial/official vessels and
Boats (Use of), Vinson, UEE 2013
working vessels. Ceremonial/official vessels often had the wjA profile of a divine bark: that is, a long, narrow hull with a bent stern decoration and an upright bow post, best exemplified by the 4th Dynasty Khufu vessel (fig. 1; Lipke 1984 for details; now also Mark 2009). These decorative posts were intended to evoke the tied-off ends of papyrus rafts, evoking Egyptian mythology in which the vessels of the gods appear as papyrus (see further below). Actual working vessels, on the other hand, while adopting a great many sizes and proportions, were typically broader than ceremonial vessels (Vinson 1997), generally lacked purely decorative posts, and typically had greater free-board (that is, the distance from the surface of the water to the upper edge of the hull).
Figure 2. The earliest representation of a sailing boat, carved on the stone censer from Qustul, Nubia.
mounted on, or attached to, the vessel in any way as an oar would be) was the principal method of vessel locomotion, although there is evidence for towing as well (Vinson 1994: 14, fig. 6). With the introduction of the sail, nearly any vessel of any size would appear to have been equipped with mast and sail. However, ceremonial vessels or military vessels, or vessels like the personal yachts of dignitaries, for which demonstration of wealth and power, as well as speed and reliability of service were critical, continued to employ large crews of paddlers or rowers. Vessels primarily intended for cargo transportation, on the other hand, appear to have had comparatively smaller crews and to have relied as far as possible on wind power or towing (Vinson 1998a: 15 - 21). As one might expect, the Egyptians had a large variety of terms for various types of river or ocean-going craft, which can rarely be directly identified with a specific type known to us from the iconographic record. Possibly the most common word was dpt, an old term that occurs in both the Pyramid Texts and the Palermo Stone and seems to have been a common word for almost any type of boat or even ship (Jones 1988: 150); the term designates large, sixteen-framed vessels constructed by Sneferu in the 4th Dynasty (Vinson 2002: 92 - 94) and the large Red Sea ship in the Middle Kingdom Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (e.g., Shipwrecked Sailor 25; Blackman 1932: 42, 8; Simpson 2003c: 48). One interesting and also very old term is the dwA-tAwy, or Praise of the Two Lands vessel, a term that may have been used to designate large, ceremonial vessels similar to
Figure 1. The funerary ship of Khufu. Prior to the introduction of the sail, probably in the very late Predynastic Period (fig. 2; Vinson 1994: 15 - 16), pictorial evidence suggests that paddling (i.e., with the paddle held in the paddlers hand, not
Figure 3. Old Kingdom transport boats.
the Khufu funerary vessel from the Early Dynastic Period onward (Vinson 2002). Other descriptive terms include terms based on the numbers eight, ten, and sixteen, which may have been intended to convey a general notion of the size of a craft, based on the number of internal frames (ribs) the vessel had (Vinson 2002: 93 - 94). The term aHa, or that which stands up, was common from the Middle Kingdom forward and may be a metonymi.e., a term designating a mast that comes to represent the vessel itself. In the New Kingdom, a common term for a cargo vessel was the wsx, or broad vessel. Some New Kingdom vessel designation may be of foreign origin, particularly the very common br, which seems to have originally designated vessels used on the Mediterranean and Red Sea (Vinson 1993: 146 - 147). This name continued to be common into the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods and was rendered by Greek authors beginning with Herodotus as baris. For Greek authors, a baris appears to have been a common working Nile boat, and the Demotic word byr, which underlies the Greek form, also appears most often in this sense. However, the word appears to designate sea-going ships in the Demotic text of the Rosetta Stone inscription and also appears once in a Demotic docket to a Persian Period Aramaic document, there designating what appears to be a ceremonial vessel (Vinson 1998b: 252 - 253; for further references to these and many other specific types, see Jones 1988: 129 - 151).
Basic Travel/Transportation The earliest evidence for the use of boats in Egypt usually comes in religious contexts either funeral (like the common images of boats on Naqada II/Gerzean pots encountered in Predynastic graves) or in rock art that was, presumably, executed for ceremonial/magical purposes (Landstrm 1970: 11 - 22; Vinson 1994: 13 - 16). That said, the ubiquity of the images would appear to confirm that boats must have been an increasingly important part of the daily life of Egyptians in the late Predynastic Period. The spread of Egypts Naqada II/Gerzean throughout the Nile Valley would have been greatly facilitated by improved river travel; it is probably no coincidence that images of boats with sails first occur at the very end of the Predynastic Period, or just at the cusp of the period in which a single group of rulers was able to extend political power, economic control, and cultural uniformity throughout the Nile Valley (Vinson 1994: 16). By the Old Kingdom, images of boats carrying every-day cargo, especially foodstuffs, is common in Egyptian tomb art, and Egyptian texts of many typesliterary as well as documentaryrecord the use of boats for basic transportation (fig. 3). Especially common in the written record are mentions of grain transport (e.g., from the Ramesside Period, the Turin Taxation Papyrus, Vinson 1995; or the Amiens Papyrus, see Vinson 1998a: 52; Janssen 2004) and the transportation of stone (Vinson 1998a: 25 -
26), both as raw material for construction or in more-or-less worked forms like columns or obelisks (see also Carlens 2003; Wirsching 1999). Both grain and stone were of prime interest to large governmental and/or temple bureaucracies, so their prominence in the written and iconographic record is to be expected. Nevertheless, many other types of cargo can be documented, including bread, cattle, vegetables, fish, and wood. The evidence for this sort of basic transportation of every-day commodities is extremely rich, particularly in the New Kingdom, from when two transport vessels logs are preserved (Janssen 1961), along with numerous papyri and ostraca that document shipping of all kinds (for a substantial sampling, see Vinson 1998a: 201 - 203). Transport shipping on the Nile is even more copiously documented in the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods, in both Greek and in Demotic sources (for substantial bibliography, see Vinson 1998a: 198 - 201). Military Use of Boats The connection of boats with warfare can be traced back to the Predynastic Period. Possibly the earliest image of boats connected to combat in Egyptian art is the Gebel elArak knife handle, an ivory knife handle apparently of Naqada II/Gerzean date, which shows two rows of boats of contrasting designs underneath two registers of men fighting (Vinson 1994: 16 - 18, with fig. 9). Because the boats in the upper of the two rows shows hulls that strongly resemble craft depicted on contemporaneous representations from Mesopotamia, the Gebel el-Arak knife handle was once thought to provide strong evidence for the theory of the infiltration into Egypt around 3100 BCE of a Dynastic Race, perhaps from in or near the region of Sumer (Bass 1972: 13; Bndite 1916: 31 - 34; Petrie 1920: 49). Supposedly, the maritime invaders of this Dynastic Race will have sailed southeast (!) down the Persian Gulf, circumnavigated Arabia, entered Egypt on the western Red Sea coast, portaged their boats through the Eastern Desert (where numerous allegedly foreign boat petroglyphs were found, see Winkler 1938: 38 - 39), and then,
over time, come to dominate the indigenous, Predynastic Egyptians and imposed on them a centralized, literate state. However, the Dynastic Race model, first proposed in the late nineteenth century (in the hey-day of the highly-racially-conscious British imperial project in Egypt, see Vinson 2004), has long been abandoned on multiple grounds (Hoffmann 1979: 339 - 342). It is therefore hard to know exactly what to make of the Mesopotamian-looking vessels on the knife handle, which are quite unparalleled in other known examples of Predynastic Egyptian nautical art. It seems likely that the Mesopotamian imagery seen here is the result of a range of Mesopotamian cultural importations into late Predynastic Egypt, probably via Syria, reached by Sumerians during the Uruk Expansion of the late fourth millennium BCE (Moorey 1987). Military conflict between fleets commanded by Predynastic Egyptians and invading Uruk-era Mesopotamians is probably not the explanation. On the other hand, whoever executed the Gebel el-Arak image was certainly familiar with the notion that boats could be used in warfare.
Figure 4. Petroglyph dated to the reign of the 1st Dynasty king Djer.
In the 1st Dynasty, a petroglyph connected to king Djer at the site Gebel Sheikh Suliman appears to show Nubian captives or slain surrounding a boat, which perhaps indicates a water-borne expedition into Nubia (fig. 4; Vinson 1994: 20, fig. 11). The 6th Dynasty autobiography of Weni reports the use of boats to launch a sea-borne attack somewhere off the coast of Syria-Palestine (?) at a place he calls Antelope Nose (Strudwick 2005:
355). Boats must have been used frequently for military operations, but depictions of such are surprisingly scarce. One excellent, but rare, example is a group of three rowed river boats shown in a wall painting from the 11th Dynasty Theban tomb of an official of Mentuhotep I named Intef (Vinson 1994: 35, fig. 25). Aside from the rowers, the boats also carry archers and soldiers armed with shields and battle-axes. Who the enemy is, however, is unfortunately unclear. At the end of the First Intermediate Period, the Kamose Stela describes Egyptian troops under the Theban king Kamose moving northward in a battle fleet from Thebes to attack the Hyksos at Avaris (Simpson 2003a: 346 - 348). From the very early 18th Dynasty, the autobiography of Ahmose, son of Ebana, who had made his career in the military serving aboard combat vessels, describes fighting from Nile boats both at Avaris (under the command of Kamoses younger brother Ahmose, who finally defeated the Hyksos and reestablished centralized rule in Egypt as first king of the 18th Dynasty) and two invasions of Nubia in which Nile boats were used to convey Egyptian armies (under the commands of Amenhotep I and Thutmose I; Lichtheim 1976: 12 - 15; Simpson 2003a). The only naval engagement actually portrayed in Egyptian art is the great battle against the People of the Sea in the funerary temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu (fig. 5; Vinson 1994: 45, fig. 32), which appears to have taken place in the Nile Delta, not in the open sea. It is not, however, clear that any of the vessels involved are actually Egyptian, if by that we mean a vessel built, crewed, and commanded by Egyptians. It is notable that the ships on both sides of the battle are rigged with a new, non-Egyptian technology called brails (Venetian-blind-like cords that permitted rapid shortening and easy reshaping of sails), and the attire of the great majority of Egyptian marines suggests that they could be ethnically or culturally connected to the invading Sea Peoples. If so, it could be that the Egyptian fleet is actually a mercenary fleet (Vinson 1993: 146 - 147).
With the demise of the New Kingdom, boats certainly continued to be used for military purposes on the Nile. The great stela of the Nubian king Piankhy describes the fleet used to move his troops against his Libyan enemies in the Egyptian Delta, and the Libyan fleet that tried to stop Piankhy (Ritner 2003: 372). In the Saite Period, Egyptians along with Greek and Carian mercenary soldiers sailed south for a campaign against the Nubians; one expedition is commemorated by Greek and Carian graffiti on the colossal statues of Ramesses II at the rock-cut temple of Abu Simbel (Hansen 1984; see also Herodotus 2.161, translation in Grene 1987: 202 - 203). Religious/Ceremonial Use of Boats The use of boats or images of boats for religious purposes is found throughout Egyptian history, from the Predynastic Period down to the end of Egypts traditional culture in the fifth century CE. One of the Egyptians central religious images was that of the continuous voyage of the sun god Ra through the sky in his two barks, the day bark and the night bark. The continual motion of the solar barks betokened the continued functioning of maat, the basic moral foundation of the entire universe, including the celestial realm (Assmann 2006: 193 - 194). One image of a blessed afterlife included joining Ra in his bark. Those traveling with Ra were assured of rebirth, as the Sun in his bark emerged every morning from the sky goddess Nut (Hornung 1984: 37). As a result, images of boats are ubiquitous in tomb art, especially in the vignettes accompanying the underworld books in many royal tombs of the Egyptian New Kingdom, which show the many stages of the night voyage of the Sun (Hornung 1984: 1991). In fact, the very first painted Egyptian tomb, Hierakonpolis Tomb 100 from the Gerzean/Naqada II Period, has a boat procession for its principle theme (fig. 6; Vinson 1994: 14, fig. 5). There is no direct proof that the boats depicted in the Hierakonpolis tableau represent the bark of Ra or any associated barks, and many other interpretations have been offered, including
Figure 5. The relief at Medinet Habu of the naval battle against the Sea Peoples.
Figure 6. Boat procession from Hierakonpolis Tomb 100 (the Decorated tomb).
the idea that the boat procession might be part of a Predynastic heb-sed ritual (Williams et al. 1987). However, the funerary context of the tableau makes the possibility of an association with the bark of Ra an appealing one. And in fact, one of the boats in the scene includes the image of a figure seated under a baldachin of the type that, in later Dynastic boat art, often encloses either a dead figure (e.g., the funerary boat models of Mekhet-Ra; see Winlock 1955: pls. 45 - 49), or else Ra in one of his manifestations (e.g., an image of Amun-Ra in his bark from the 3rd hour of the Book of Gates in the tomb of Ramesses I; see Hornung 2001: fig. 191). Further, recent discoveries by John Darnell of Yale University of petroglyphs, presumably of late Predynastic date, that show boats
traveling upside down suggest possible connections to the notion of metaphysical boats traveling in an inverted, night-time world even at this remote period (Darnell fc.). In the 1st Dynasty, the practice of burying boats with deceased kings and dignitaries begana practice archaeologically documented from the 1st, 4th, and 12th Dynasties (Ward 2000: 39 - 80, 84 - 102, 2003; for the discovery in the summer of 2012 of a new 1st Dynasty boat at Abu Rawash, dated to the reign of King Den, see now also Ahram Online for 25 July 2012). Whether the boats buried in the 1st Dynasty were actually working vessels is unclear, since none of them has been completely excavated. However, the 4th Dynasty boats connected with the pyramid
of Khufu were magnificent specimens of shipbuilding, and could certainly have sailed on the Nile. The first of the two surviving Khufu vessels was excavated and reassembled in the 1950s. The second, far less-well preserved, has been the subject of a project to excavate and restore it undertaken by Sakuji Yoshimura of Waseda University since 2011. Both Khufu vessels were built of Lebanese cedar in the typical wjA-shape associated with divine boats and typical of ceremonial vessels built for gods and pharaohs (Lipke 1984). This design, especially with its decorative posts, seems intended to evoke the papyrus boats connected with the gods in Egyptian mythology. In the Pyramid Texts, either the green color or the actual papyrus construction of divine boats is mentioned with some frequency (Miosi 1975: 39 - 42, 86 - 92, 128 131; the boat-types wAD and wAD-an, which Miosi takes as green and beautiful in green respectively, might as easily be taken to refer literally to papyrus). And at the far end of Egyptian history, a Demotic magical spell from the late Roman Period (prob. c. third century CE) refers to Osiris upon his boat (rms) of papyrus (Dwf) and faience (Griffith and Thompson 1904: 57 [7.31]). As noted above, it may be possible to link the Khufu vessels specifically to the category of dwA-tAwy, or Praise of the Two Lands vessels, known from textual sources as early as the 2nd Dynasty (Vinson 2002). According to the Palermo Stone, a number of such vessels had been built by Khufus father Sneferu, and the vessels descriptions are consistent with the actual characteristics of the Khufu vessels on a number of points, including shape, construction material, and general size. It has been long argued whether the Khufu vessels were solar barksthat is, intended to identify the king with the sun god Ra in the next worldor whether they were his own ceremonial vessels, buried with him as a ritual offering. In fact, these possibilities need not have been mutually exclusive, and we have no reason to suppose that the vessels could not have been understood to serve multiple functions in varying contexts.
Aside from the ceremonial use of boats by kings, non-royal individuals used boats for religious purposes, particularly in pilgrimages. Among the best-documented of these was the so-called Abydos voyage, a ceremonial, posthumous boat voyage to worship Osiris at Abydos that is documented from the Middle Kingdom into the New Kingdom, most especially in tomb reliefs (Kees 1956: 230 252; Yoyotte 1960: 30 - 40). It is not clear whether this was often or even ideally a real voyage, or whether the images of the Abydos voyage that appear in Middle and New Kingdom tombs were thought of as a sufficient substitute for an actual pilgrimage. On the other hand, use of boats is certainly documented for many other pilgrimages, including a Greco-Roman festival of the goddess Bastet described in Herodotus, 2.60 (translation in Grene 1987: 157). This famous description describes pilgrims raucously sailing down the Nile to Bubastis, singing, clapping, playing musical instruments and most notoriouslysexually exposing themselves to on-shore spectators (Morris 2007: 219 - 221; Yoyotte 1960: 48 - 49). Boat models were often buried with dead aristocrats and kings. Some of these models were similar to other so-called daily life models that appear intended to assist the deceased in maintaining his accustomed lifestyle in the next world. But many such models were specifically solar or funerary in their design and must have been intended to evoke myths of the gods traveling in their barks, and the hope that the deceased would join them. The exceptionally fine fleet of Mekhet-Ra, today shared between the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the Egyptian Museum of Cairo, illustrates the height of what Middle Kingdom Egyptian boat modelers could achieve. The vessels are notable for their painted and constructed detail, especially their rigging, although, like the vast majority of Egyptian boat models, the hulls of the Mekhet-Ra fleet were carved out of solid blocks of wood, not built of individual planks in such a way as to fully imitate working boats (for the sole known exception, a Middle
Kingdom model found at Lisht, see Ward 2000: 103 - 106). However, the funerary context of the Mekhet-Ra boats are responsible for such details as the figures of Mekhet-Ra receiving offerings under a baldachin (yachts T, U, V, and W; Winlock 1955: pls. 45 - 49), or sniffing a lotus-blossom (Winlock 1955: pls. 37 - 39), as well as the specific, wjA-shaped forms of the funeral /solar vessels (yachts). A collection of boat models was also recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamen, but these 18th Dynasty models are, it must be said, decidedly inferior to the Mekhet-Ra models in liveliness and realism of execution (Jones 1990; see also Reisner 1913).
important sacred vessel was the Neshmet bark of Osiris, which appears to have been involved in a water-borne ritual drama at Abydos, in which boats manned by confederates of Seth attemptedalways unsuccessfullyto attack and murder Osiris (see the Middle Kingdom Ikhernofret stela, Simpson 2003b). Large-scale ceremonial barks continued in use in major Egyptian temples well into the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods. Herodotus described boats used in the Persian Period during rites connected with Osiris (see Herodotus 2.171, translation in Grene 1987: 205 - 206; Lloyd 1988: 209). From the Ptolemaic Period, the Apis Embalming Ritual describes a procession of the deceased Apis to the Lake of Kings near the Memphite Sarapeion. Following this procession, the cadaver of the Apis was laid out on the lakes shore, while priests standing on a papyrus bark (wjA) recited the appropriate ritual texts. These procedures were intended to suggest both the Osirian and solar aspects of the Apis bull and his impending metempsychosis and rebirth (Vos 1993: 160 - 162). A fascinating late Roman Demotic graffito from the Temple of Philae records the graffitists donation of a large amount of pitch for the purpose of water-proofing the sacred bark of Isis (Graffito Philae 417, ls. 7 - 8, Vinson 1996: 200, note 18). Fishing Pictorial evidence shows that fishing boats were generally small, able to be operated by one to five persons. Vessels might be rafts made of papyrus bundles (e.g., as seen in the papyrus models Y from the Middle Kingdom tomb of Mekhet-Ra; Winlock 1955: 102 - 103, and pl. 52) or made of wood (excellent illustration in the Ramesside tomb of Ipy, TT217; Davies and Gardiner 1936: pl. 96). Many illustrations of fishing from boats show fishermen using various types of nets, sometimes (as in the two Mekhet-Ra papyrus boat models) with two craft working together. Other methods used from boats or rafts were spearing and line-fishing (see in general van
Figure 7. Ceremonial bark of the Memphite god Sokar.
Even more important than the ceremonial barks of kings were those of gods. Portable boat models were central to many cultic practices, and the holy-of-holies of Egyptian temples were often bark-shrines, places where these cultic models would be placed between symbolic voyages within or outside of the divinitys home temple (fig. 7). However, some gods, notably the state god Amun in the New Kingdom, possessed full-scale river boats. The bark Amun-User-Hat, or Amun-Mighty-ofProw, is known from multiple New Kingdom sources, both textual and iconographic (Jones 1988: 232 - 233). Perhaps most famously, the bark figures in the terminal New Kingdom/early Third Intermediate Period Tale of Wenamun, which recounts the experiences of a (fictional) priest dispatched to Lebanon to purchase cedar for a renovation of the bark (Lichtheim 1976: 224 230; Wente 2003: 116 - 124). A second
Elsbergen 1997). Depictions of fishing are especially common in the Old Kingdom, but can be found in the Middle and New Kingdoms as well; documentary evidence for
commercial fishing continues on into the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods, when there is at least some evidence for women involved in the occupation (Vinson 1998a: 91).
For the general operation of Nile River boats, including issues of boat types, crew sizes, types of cargoes, social status of persons working on boats, and types of occupations connected to Nile River ships and shipping, see Vinson (1998a), although the discussion is limited to the Ramesside through the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods. For two Egyptian texts connected with daily operation of a boat in the Ramesside Period, see Janssen (1961). Landstrm (1970) is oriented towards nautical technology, but contains much interesting material on the actual use of boats. Two short books on Egyptian boats and ships contain considerable material on use as well: Vinson (1994) and Jones (1995). Jones (1988), although strictly speaking a glossary, is full of bibliographical and other incidental information of use. On fishing specifically, see van Elsbergen (1997).
Arkell, Anthony J. 1950 Varia Sudanica. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 36, pp. 24 - 40. Assmann, Jan 2006 Maat: Gerechtigkeit und Unsterblichkeit im Alten gypten. 2nd, expanded edition. Munich: C. H. Beck. Bass, George 1972 The earliest seafarers in the Mediterranean and the Near East. In A history of seafaring based on underwater archaeology, ed. George Bass, pp. 11 - 36. London: Thames and Hudson. Bndite, Georges 1916 Le couteau de Gebel el-Arak: tudes sur un nouvel objet prhistorique acquis par le Muse du Louvre. Monuments et mmoires publis par lAcadmies des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres 22, pp. 1 - 34. Blackman, Aylward 1932 Middle-Egyptian stories, part I. Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca II. Brussels: dition de la Fondation gyptologique Reine lisabeth. Carlens, Louis 2003 Le transport fluvial de charges Lourdes dans lgypte antique. Studien zur Altgyptischen Kultur 31, pp. 9 - 31. Darnell, John C., et al. fc. The rock inscriptions of Dominion Behind Thebes and associated sites. Davies, Nina, and Alan Gardiner 1936 Ancient Egyptian paintings, Vol. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Epigraphic Survey, The 1930 Medinet Habu I: Earlier historical records of Ramses III. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications 8. ed. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Epigraphic Survey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Medinet Habu IV: Festival scenes of Ramses III. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications 51. ed. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Epigraphic Survey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Grene, David 1987 Herodotus: The history. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, and Herbert Thompson 1904 The Demotic Magical Papyrus of London and Leiden 1. London: H. Grevel & Co. Hansen, Ove 1984 On the Greek graffiti at Abu Simbel concerning the campaign of Psammetichus II in Ethiopia. Zeitschrift fr gyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 111, p. 84. Hoffmann, Michael 1979 Egypt before the pharaohs: The Prehistoric foundations of Egyptian civilization. Austin: University of Texas Press. Hornung, Erik 1984 gyptische Unterweltsbcher. 2nd edition. Zurich and Munich: Artemis Verlag. 1991 Die Nachtfahrt der Sonne: Eine altgyptische Beschreibung des Jenseits. Zurich and Munich: Artemis Verlag. 2001 The tomb of Ramese I. In The treasures of the Valley of the Kings, tombs and temples of the Theban West Bank in Luxor, ed. Kent Weeks, pp. 190 - 194. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. Janssen, Jac. J. 1961 Two ancient Egyptian ships logs, Papyrus Leiden I 350 verso and Papyrus Turin 2008 + 2016. Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden, Supplement op 42. Leiden: Brill. 2004 Grain transport in the Ramesside Period: Papyrus Baldwin (BM EA 10061) and Papyrus Amiens. Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum 8. London: British Museum Press. Jones, Dilwyn 1988 A glossary of ancient Egyptian nautical titles and terms. London and New York: Kegan Paul International. 1990 Model boats from the tomb of Tutankhamun. Tutankhamuns Tomb Series 9. Oxford: Griffith Institute. 1995 Boats. Egyptian Bookshelf. London: British Museum Press. Kees, Hermann 1956 Totenglauben und Jenseitsvorstsellungen der alten gypter: Grundlagen und Entwicklung bis zum Ende des Mittleren Reiches. 2nd, revised edition. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. Landstrm, Bjrn. 1970 Ships of the pharaohs: 4000 years of Egyptian shipbuilding. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company. Lepsius, Carl Richard 1850- Denkmer aus Aegypten und Aethiopien: Plates Abt. II: Denkmaeler des Alten Reichs (1850 - 1851). Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung. Lichtheim, Miriam 1976 Ancient Egyptian literature, Volume II: The New Kingdom. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. Lipke, Paul 1984 The royal ship of Cheops: A retrospective account of the discovery, restoration and reconstruction: Based on interviews with Hag Ahmed Youssef Moustafa. British Archaeological Reports International Series 225. Oxford: B.A.R. (=National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, Archaeological Series No. 9.) Lloyd, Alan 1988 Herodotus, Book II: Commentary 99 - 182. tudes prliminaires aux religions orientales dans lEmpire romain 43(3). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Mark, Samuel 2009 The construction of the Khufu I vessel (c. 2566 BC): A re-evaluation. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration 38(1), pp. 133 - 152. Miosi, Frank 1975 Boats in the Pyramid Texts. PhD dissertation: University of Toronto. Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart 1987 On tracking cultural transfers in prehistory: The case of Egypt and lower Mesopotamia in the fourth millennium BC. In Centre and periphery in the ancient world, ed. Michael Rowlands, Mogens Larsen, and Kristian Kristiansen, pp. 36 - 46. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Morris, Elizabeth 2007 Sacred and obscene laughter in the Contendings of Horus and Seth, in Egyptian inversions of everyday life, and in the context of cultic competition. In Egyptian stories: A British Egyptological tribute to Alan B. Lloyd on the occasion of his retirement, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 347, ed. Thomas Schneider, Kasia Szpakowska, and Alan Lloyd, pp. 197 - 225. Mnster: Ugarit Verlag. Petrie, William Matthew Flinders 1920 Prehistoric Egypt. British School of Archaeology in Egypt Publications 31. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt. Quibell, James, and Frederick Green 1902 Hierakonpolis. Part 2. Egyptian Research Account Memoir 5. London: Bernard Quaritch. Reisner, George 1913 Models of ships and boats. Catalogue gnral des antiquits gyptiennes du Muse du Caire 4798 4976 et 5034 - 5200. Cairo: Institut franais darchologie orientale. Ritner, Robert 2003 The Victory Stela of Piye (Cairo JdE 48862 + 47086 - 47089). In The literature of ancient Egypt: An anthology of stories, instructions, stelae, autobiographies, and poetry, 3rd edition, ed. William K. Simpson, pp. 367 - 385. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Simpson, William Kelly 2003a The Kamose texts. In The literature of ancient Egypt: An anthology of stories, instructions, stelae, autobiographies, and poetry, 3rd edition, ed. William K. Simpson, pp. 345 - 350. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003b The stela of Iykhernofret. In The literature of ancient Egypt: An anthology of stories, instructions, stelae, autobiographies, and poetry, 3rd edition, ed. William K. Simpson, pp. 425 - 427. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003c The Shipwrecked Sailor. In The literature of ancient Egypt: An anthology of stories, instructions, stelae, autobiographies, and poetry, 3rd edition, ed. William K. Simpson, pp. 45 - 53. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Strudwick, Nigel 2005 Texts from the pyramid age. Writings from the Ancient World 16. Leiden and Boston: Brill. van Elsbergen, Michael Johannes 1997 Fischerei im alten gypten: Untersuchungen zu den Fischfangdarstellungen in den Grbern der 4. bis 6. Dynastie. Abhandlungen des Deutschen Archologischen Instituts Kairo, gyptologische Reihe 14. Berlin: Achet Verlag. Vinson, Steve 1993 The earliest representations of brailed sails. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 30, pp. 133 - 150. 1994 Egyptian boats and ships. Princes Risborough, UK: Shire Publications Ltd. 1995 In defense of an ancient reputation. Gttinger Miszellen 146, pp. 93 - 102.
and as ship-construction terminology in Herodotus, Pollux, and documentary papyri. Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik 113, pp. 197 - 204. 1997 Dimensions and proportions of Pharaonic ships in literary, monumental and archaeological material. Archiv fr Papyrusforschung 43, pp. 69 - 73. 1998a The Nile boatman at work. Mnchner gyptologische Studien 48. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. 1998b Remarks on Herodotus description of Egyptian boat construction (II, 96). Studien zur Altgyptischen Kultur 26, pp. 251 - 260. 2002 Notes on two old Egyptian inscriptions, I: The Palermo Stone and the royal ship of Cheops, II: An early use of the hand-with-egg hieroglyph. Gttinger Miszellen 190, pp. 89 - 97. 2004 From Lord Elgin to James Henry Breasted: The politicization of the past in the first era of globalization. In Marketing heritage: Archaeology and the consumption of the past, ed. York Rowan, and Uzi Baram, pp. 57 - 68. Lanham, Md.: Alta Mira Press.
Vos, Ren L. 1993 The Apis embalming ritual: P. Vindob. 3873. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 50. Leuven: Uitgiverij Peeters. Ward, Cheryl 2000 Sacred and secular: Ancient Egyptian ships and boats. Boston: Archaeological Institute of America. 2003 Sewn planked boats from Early Dynastic Abydos, Egypt. In Boats, ships and shipyards: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology, ed. Carlo Beltrame, pp. 19 - 23. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Wente, Edward 2003 The Report of Wenamun. In The literature of ancient Egypt: An anthology of stories, instructions, stelae, autobiographies, and poetry, 3rd edition, ed. William K. Simpson, pp. 116 - 124. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Williams, Bruce 1980 The lost pharaohs of Nubia. Archaeology 33(5), pp. 12 - 21. Williams, Bruce, Thomas Logan, and William Murnane 1987 The Metropolitan Museum knife handle and aspects of Pharaonic imagery before Narmer. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 46(4), pp. 245 - 285. Winkler, Hans 1938 Rock-drawings of southern Upper Egypt 1. London: Egypt Exploration Society. Winlock, Herbert 1955 Models of daily life in ancient Egypt from the tomb of Meket-R at Thebes. Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition 18. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Wirsching, Armin 1999 Das Doppelschiff: Die altgyptische Technologie zur Befrderung schwerster Steinlasten. Studien zur Altgyptischen Kultur 27, pp. 389 - 408. Yoyotte, Jean 1960 Les plerinages dans lgypte Ancienne. Paris: ditions du Seuil.
Ahram Online First Dynasty funerary boat discovered at Egypt's Abu Rawash. (Internet resource: http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/48641.aspx. Accession date: 25 July 2012.) Institute of the Solar Boat (Nonprofit Organization) The second solar boat of King Khufu. (Internet resource: http://www.solarboat.or.jp/performance_e.html. Accession date: July 2012.)
Figure 1. The funerary ship of Khufu. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gizeh_Sonnenbarke_BW_2.jpg; CC BY-SA 3.0.) Figure 2. The earliest representation of a sailing boat, carved on the stone censer from Qustul, Nubia. Drawing by Harold Dinkel. (After Williams 1980: 16.) Figure 3. Old Kingdom transport boats. (After Lepsius 1850 - 1851: B1. 104b.) Figure 4. Petroglyph dated to the reign of the 1st Dynasty king Djer. Drawing by Harold Dinkel. (After Arkell 1950: fig. 1.) Figure 5. The relief at Medinet Habu of the naval battle against the Sea Peoples. (After Epigraphic Survey 1930: pl. 37.) Figure 6. Boat procession from Hierakonpolis Tomb 100 (the Decorated tomb). (After Quibell and Green 1902: pls. LXXV - LXXV III.) Figure 7. Ceremonial bark of the Memphite god Sokar. Drawing by Harold Dinkel. (After Epigraphic Survey 1940: pl. 221.)
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Uramichi Oniisan is the community's newest obsession. The comedy series has been a hit for highlighting the struggles many young adults face under the facade of a children's education program.
Gaku Kaze's web manga has been nabbing awards since its 2017 debut, and while an anime hasn't been announced, Kodansha has cast big-name voice actors to promote the third volume in a new commercial.
Hiroshi Kamiya (Levi in Attack on Titan) as Uramichi Omota.
Tomokazu Sugita (Gintoki Sakata in Gintama) as Tobikichi Usahara.
Mamoru Miyano (Rin Matsuoka in Free!) as Iketeru Daga.
Yuuichi Nakamura (Gray Fullbuster in Fairy Tail) as Mitsuo Kumagai.
The series stars the staff of "Maman to Together,' an educational program for children. However, the young adult staff is completely done with life and host Uramichi Omota frequently breaks out of character to doll harsh lessons to the young children. Where else are you going to find a broken man talking about the realities of rent and fake relationships while maintaining a smile?
Kodansha would be foolish not to commission an anime in the future, but it may take some time since there are only 20 chapters so far. In the meantime, let's hope this thing gets a licensed release.


text:
Minimal self-replicating systems
Andrew Robertson, Andrew J. Sinclair, Douglas Philp*
Examples of chemical systems capable of templating and catalysing their own synthesis - self-replicating systems -have begun to appear in the chemical literature over the last 15 years. For the biologist, these systems represent a link with the origin of life - their study can shed light on prebiotic chemical evolution. However, for the synthetic chemist, they represent the ultimate synthetic machine, capable of templating the production of a large number of perfect copies of themselves from a single original molecule. In this Review, we describe the design and synthesis of synthetic minimal replicating systems and provide a general overview and critique of the field.
Chemical Society Reviews
https://doi.org/10.1039/a803602k
10.1039/a803602k
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Minimal self-replicating systems'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Prebiotics Chemical Compounds
Robertson, A., Sinclair, A. J., & Philp, D. (2000). Minimal self-replicating systems. Chemical Society Reviews, 29(2), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1039/a803602k
Robertson, Andrew ; Sinclair, Andrew J. ; Philp, Douglas. / Minimal self-replicating systems. In: Chemical Society Reviews. 2000 ; Vol. 29, No. 2. pp. 141-152.
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title = "Minimal self-replicating systems",
abstract = "Examples of chemical systems capable of templating and catalysing their own synthesis - self-replicating systems -have begun to appear in the chemical literature over the last 15 years. For the biologist, these systems represent a link with the origin of life - their study can shed light on prebiotic chemical evolution. However, for the synthetic chemist, they represent the ultimate synthetic machine, capable of templating the production of a large number of perfect copies of themselves from a single original molecule. In this Review, we describe the design and synthesis of synthetic minimal replicating systems and provide a general overview and critique of the field.",
author = "Andrew Robertson and Sinclair, {Andrew J.} and Douglas Philp",
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Robertson, A, Sinclair, AJ & Philp, D 2000, 'Minimal self-replicating systems', Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1039/a803602k
Minimal self-replicating systems. / Robertson, Andrew; Sinclair, Andrew J.; Philp, Douglas.
In: Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 29, No. 2, 01.01.2000, p. 141-152.
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AU - Robertson, Andrew
AU - Sinclair, Andrew J.
AU - Philp, Douglas
N2 - Examples of chemical systems capable of templating and catalysing their own synthesis - self-replicating systems -have begun to appear in the chemical literature over the last 15 years. For the biologist, these systems represent a link with the origin of life - their study can shed light on prebiotic chemical evolution. However, for the synthetic chemist, they represent the ultimate synthetic machine, capable of templating the production of a large number of perfect copies of themselves from a single original molecule. In this Review, we describe the design and synthesis of synthetic minimal replicating systems and provide a general overview and critique of the field.
AB - Examples of chemical systems capable of templating and catalysing their own synthesis - self-replicating systems -have begun to appear in the chemical literature over the last 15 years. For the biologist, these systems represent a link with the origin of life - their study can shed light on prebiotic chemical evolution. However, for the synthetic chemist, they represent the ultimate synthetic machine, capable of templating the production of a large number of perfect copies of themselves from a single original molecule. In this Review, we describe the design and synthesis of synthetic minimal replicating systems and provide a general overview and critique of the field.
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Robertson A, Sinclair AJ, Philp D. Minimal self-replicating systems. Chemical Society Reviews. 2000 Jan 1;29(2):141-152. https://doi.org/10.1039/a803602k


text:
Rachel Cheung, piano
Cliburn in the Community
Date: December 6, 2018 6:30 pm CST
Venue: Fort Worth Central Library
No RSVP or Ticket Required
Winner of the Audience Award and finalist at the Fifteenth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in 2017, Young Steinway Artist Rachel Cheung was described as "a poet, but also a dramatist" displaying "the most sophisticated and compelling music-making" (The Dallas Morning News).
Rachel was born and raised in Hong Kong,and is a graduate of both the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and Yale School of Music. A highly decorated performer, Rachel also won prizes at the Leeds and Chopin International Piano Comepetitions. She has performed for audiences around the world, throughout Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Ukraine,the United Kingdom, and the United States, including performances at Auditorium du Louvre (Paris), Steinway Hall (London), Kennedy Center (Conservatory Program), and Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall.
FRANCK | BAUER Prelude, Chorale et Variation, op. 18
PROKOFIEV Suggestion diabolique
TCHAIKOVSKY | PLETNEV Selections from the Nutcracker Suite
Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy
Trèpak (Russian Dance)
SCHUMANN | LISZT Widmung
SCHUBERT | LISZT Auf dem Wasser zu singen
LISZT Mephisto Waltz No. 1
Coffee & Cookies Following the Performance
Cliburn in the Community is presented by The Stayton at Museum Way.