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You are here:Competitions
Competition: Moonception
1 April, 2019 By Merlin Fulcher
An open international ideas contest has been launched for a new visitor centre and science complex on the surface of the moon (Deadline: 30 May)
Open to students, architects, engineers and space enthusiasts – the competition seeks bold and innovative proposals for a new permanent base on the moon capable of accommodating five researchers and up 10 tourists in a 'self-sustaining' living environment.
The call for concepts – organised by Mumbai-based collective Volume Zero – aims to generate ideas for potential new habitation solutions which could be deployed on future expeditions to the lunar surface. Proposals should include a cooking area, research station, sanitation facilities, farming zones, recreational spaces, an exhibition space, observatory, medical centre and maintenance workshop.
Lunar habitation concept by Foster + Partners
According to the brief: 'Today, the moon is the only celestial entity beyond the Earth that has been visited by humans. With new waves of technology reaching new heights, now is an appropriate time to envision the presence of humans in space on a permanent and sustainable basis. Space exploration, with human habitation at is centre, will now become one of the next great steps in innovation.
'July 2019 will mark the 50th anniversary of the first Apollo landing on the Moon and Neil Armstrong's historic first steps on its surface; this would also be a momentous occasion to start the movement of introducing Architecture on the Moon. We invite visionaries from all professions, Architects, Designers, Engineers, and Space Enthusiasts to envision and design this near yet unseen future.'
The Moon is the earth's only permanent natural satellite and was the focus of six US manned landings between 1968 and 1972. This July will mark the 50th anniversary of the first lunar landing by Apollo 11 team members Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin.
There have been no crewed expeditions to the moon in more than four decades but exploration of the lunar atmosphere and surface by robotic satellites has continued. It also thought the Moon possesses basic materials with the potential for human habitation, such as oxygen, iron and aluminium.
The Apollo 11 first step on the Moon
Space tourism is now a growing sector with major players such as Virgin Atlantic, SpaceX promising crewed expeditions to the Moon and Mars, raising the prospect of permanent human habitation on other worlds.
Three years ago Foster + Partners developed plans for the European Space Agency for a multi-domed Moon base constructed from 3D-printed lunar soil. The latest contest invites participants to imagine a future visitor and science centre on any part of the lunar surface.
The visitor centre will offer interpretation facilities to first-time lunar tourists while the research complex will allow scientists to pioneer sustainable habitation on the satellite. Proposals should harness natural light where available, innovative materials and prioritise positive human psychology.
The overall winner, to be announced 20 July, will receive $2,000 while a second prize of $1,200 and third prize of $800 will also be awarded.
The deadline for submissions is 30 May
Early Registration until 18 April: $75
Regular Registration from 19 April to 30 May: $95
Volume Zero
Flat No-6
Ganeshkrupa Chs Ltd Meghwadi
Jogeshwari (East) Mumbai
Mumbai City Mh 400060
Email: info@volzero.com
Visit the competition website for more information
Q&A with Team Volume Zero
The organisers discuss their ambitions for the competition
Why are your holding an international ideas contest for a new lunar experience and research centre?
We at Volume Zero believe that there is an immense amount of design talent around the world, and giving these talents a chance to work on futuristic architectural and design ideas would be beneficial for the architecture and design community as a whole.
As we enter a new era for space technology and with major space companies announcing ambitious plans for a future on the moon, there is an opportunity for architects to think about how will things change in the future and what areas have to be worked on to create spaces for humanity in the future. This gave us the idea of creating a challenge, which will encourage designers across the globe to think beyond conventional methods.
Many design entries being submitted have great potential and only the eye of seasoned professionals will be able to identify and judge the best among them as we have to choose the winners for the $4,000 prize money. So, the jury panel has to choose across a range of submissions.
The many ideas coming from different reference points and contexts around the world for a particular problem offer a huge opportunity for our community of designers to learn from each other, and that's why we've held the challenge as an international contest.
Buzz Aldrin walking on the Moon during Apollo 11
What is your vision for the theoretical new complex on the moon?
As space exploration is one of the next great steps in innovation, we are looking at extensive imaginative ideas from the participants as per the parameters mentioned in the brief. Architecture that respects the quality of the space and light, shadow and materials has a great impact on the human mind. As we consider expanding the human footprint beyond our planet, we encourage participants to identify and explore how will lunar architecture could impact human psychology.
The participants have the liberty to choose the site on the lunar surface after studying it. Design innovation is a very important factor to be considered and so too is the quality of space, with atmospheric and topographical constraints on the lunar surface. Participants will have to expose themselves to domains outside their purview and to devise an imaginative design solution.
Sustainability is also a critical factor for consideration.
'Earthrise' image taken during Apollo 8 orbital mission
What sort of architects and designers are you hoping will apply?
We encourage architects, students, practising firms, engineers, designers and space enthusiasts from different disciplines to participate. Teams may be from the same disciplinary background or cross-disciplinary, as sometimes cross-disciplinarity results in some of the most innovative ideas. The top three winners of the competitions will receive a total prize of $4,000 USD, and will also have their designs published on various international design blogs.
What other design opportunities are on the horizon and how will the architects/designers be procured?
We are always in the process of identifying areas where architecture and design solutions can have a considerable impact. Some of the areas previously addressed in our challenges were educational, urban, social, and aquatic architecture. Based on current world scenarios we would be coming up with new topics that would encourage designers to think of architecture and design as a tool to solve some of the problems the world is facing today.
Are there any other recent extra-terrestrial projects using you have been impressed by?
The projects and concepts that have been developed by Space X, Nasa and other leading space organizations for Lunar and Martian development have been really inspiring and fascinating.
1995 Mooncolony visualisation by NASA
Competition: Argentine Pavilion at Expo 2023
3 June 2019Merlin Fulcher
Argentina has launched an international contest for its national pavilion at Expo 2023 Buenos Aires (Deadline: 8 July)
Competition: Thematic Pavilions, Expo 2023
1 July 2019Merlin Fulcher
Argentina has launched an international contest for a Thematic Pavilions complex at Expo 2023 Buenos Aires (Deadline: 5 August)
Competition: Connaught Place, New Delhi
22 April 2019Merlin Fulcher
An open international ideas contest has been launched to rethink New Delhi's iconic Connaught Place (Deadline: 15 August)
Competition: International Pavilions, Expo 2023
17 June 2019Merlin Fulcher
Argentina has launched an international contest for an International Pavilions complex at Expo 2023 Buenos Aires (Deadline: 22 July)


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1.3 Measurements of AC Magnitude
admin Jan 25, 2020
So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current alternates in direction. We also know that AC can alternate in a variety of different ways, and by tracing the alternation over time we can plot it as a "waveform." We can measure the rate of alternation by measuring the time it takes for a wave to evolve before it repeats itself (the "period"), and express this as cycles per unit time, or "frequency." In music, frequency is the same as pitch, which is the essential property distinguishing one note from another.
However, we encounter a measurement problem if we try to express how large or small an AC quantity is. With DC, where quantities of voltage and current are generally stable, we have little trouble expressing how much voltage or current we have in any part of a circuit. But how do you grant a single measurement of magnitude to something that is constantly changing?
Ways of Expressing the Magnitude of an AC Waveform
One way to express the intensity, or magnitude (also called the amplitude), of an AC quantity is to measure its peak height on a waveform graph. This is known as the peak or crest value of an AC waveform: Figure below
Peak voltage of a waveform.
Another way is to measure the total height between opposite peaks. This is known as the peak-to-peak (P-P) value of an AC waveform: Figure below
Peak-to-peak voltage of a waveform.
Unfortunately, either one of these expressions of waveform amplitude can be misleading when comparing two different types of waves. For example, a square wave peaking at 10 volts is obviously a greater amount of voltage for a greater amount of time than a triangle wave peaking at 10 volts. The effects of these two AC voltages powering a load would be quite different: Figure below
A square wave produces a greater heating effect than the same peak voltage triangle wave.
One way of expressing the amplitude of different wave shapes in a more equivalent fashion is to mathematically average the values of all the points on a waveform's graph to a single, aggregate number. This amplitude measurement is known simply as the average value of the waveform. If we average all the points on the waveform algebraically (that is, to consider their sign, either positive or negative), the average value for most waveforms is technically zero, because all the positive points cancel out all the negative points over a full cycle: Figure below
The average value of a sine wave is zero.
This, of course, will be true for any waveform having equal-area portions above and below the "zero" line of a plot. However, as a practical measure of a waveform's aggregate value, "average" is usually defined as the mathematical mean of all the points' absolute values over a cycle. In other words, we calculate the practical average value of the waveform by considering all points on the wave as positive quantities, as if the waveform looked like this: Figure below
Waveform seen by AC "average responding" meter.
Polarity-insensitive mechanical meter movements (meters designed to respond equally to the positive and negative half-cycles of an alternating voltage or current) register in proportion to the waveform's (practical) average value, because the inertia of the pointer against the tension of the spring naturally averages the force produced by the varying voltage/current values over time. Conversely, polarity-sensitive meter movements vibrate uselessly if exposed to AC voltage or current, their needles oscillating rapidly about the zero mark, indicating the true (algebraic) average value of zero for a symmetrical waveform. When the "average" value of a waveform is referenced in this text, it will be assumed that the "practical" definition of average is intended unless otherwise specified.
Another method of deriving an aggregate value for waveform amplitude is based on the waveform's ability to do useful work when applied to a load resistance. Unfortunately, an AC measurement based on work performed by a waveform is not the same as that waveform's "average" value, because the power dissipated by a given load (work performed per unit time) is not directly proportional to the magnitude of either the voltage or current impressed upon it. Rather, power is proportional to the square of the voltage or current applied to a resistance (P = E2/R, and P = I2R). Although the mathematics of such an amplitude measurement might not be straightforward, the utility of it is.
Consider a bandsaw and a jigsaw, two pieces of modern woodworking equipment. Both types of saws cut with a thin, toothed, motor-powered metal blade to cut wood. But while the bandsaw uses a continuous motion of the blade to cut, the jigsaw uses a back-and-forth motion. The comparison of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) may be likened to the comparison of these two saw types: Figure below
Bandsaw-jigsaw analogy of DC vs AC.
The problem of trying to describe the changing quantities of AC voltage or current in a single, aggregate measurement is also present in this saw analogy: how might we express the speed of a jigsaw blade? A bandsaw blade moves with a constant speed, similar to the way DC voltage pushes or DC current moves with a constant magnitude. A jigsaw blade, on the other hand, moves back and forth, its blade speed constantly changing. What is more, the back-and-forth motion of any two jigsaws may not be of the same type, depending on the mechanical design of the saws. One jigsaw might move its blade with a sine-wave motion, while another with a triangle-wave motion. To rate a jigsaw based on its peak blade speed would be quite misleading when comparing one jigsaw to another (or a jigsaw with a bandsaw!). Despite the fact that these different saws move their blades in different manners, they are equal in one respect: they all cut wood, and a quantitative comparison of this common function can serve as a common basis for which to rate blade speed.
Picture a jigsaw and bandsaw side-by-side, equipped with identical blades (same tooth pitch, angle, etc.), equally capable of cutting the same thickness of the same type of wood at the same rate. We might say that the two saws were equivalent or equal in their cutting capacity. Might this comparison be used to assign a "bandsaw equivalent" blade speed to the jigsaw's back-and-forth blade motion; to relate the wood-cutting effectiveness of one to the other? This is the general idea used to assign a "DC equivalent" measurement to any AC voltage or current: whatever magnitude of DC voltage or current would produce the same amount of heat energy dissipation through an equal resistance: Figure below
An RMS voltage produces the same heating effect as the same DC voltage
How is Root Mean Square (RMS) Relevant to AC?
In the two circuits above, we have the same amount of load resistance (2 Ω) dissipating the same amount of power in the form of heat (50 watts), one powered by AC and the other by DC. Because the AC voltage source pictured above is equivalent (in terms of power delivered to a load) to a 10 volt DC battery, we would call this a "10 volt" AC source. More specifically, we would denote its voltage value as being 10 volts RMS. The qualifier "RMS" stands for Root Mean Square, the algorithm used to obtain the DC equivalent value from points on a graph (essentially, the procedure consists of squaring all the positive and negative points on a waveform graph, averaging those squared values, then taking the square root of that average to obtain the final answer). Sometimes the alternative terms equivalent or DC equivalent are used instead of "RMS," but the quantity and principle are both the same.
RMS amplitude measurement is the best way to relate AC quantities to DC quantities, or other AC quantities of differing waveform shapes, when dealing with measurements of electric power. For other considerations, peak or peak-to-peak measurements may be the best to employ. For instance, when determining the proper size of wire (ampacity) to conduct electric power from a source to a load, RMS current measurement is the best to use, because the principal concern with current is overheating of the wire, which is a function of power dissipation caused by current through the resistance of the wire. However, when rating insulators for service in high-voltage AC applications, peak voltage measurements are the most appropriate, because the principal concern here is insulator "flashover" caused by brief spikes of voltage, irrespective of time.
Instruments Used to Measure the Amplitude of a Waveform
Peak and peak-to-peak measurements are best performed with an oscilloscope, which can capture the crests of the waveform with a high degree of accuracy due to the fast action of the cathode-ray-tube in response to changes in voltage. For RMS measurements, analog meter movements (D'Arsonval, Weston, iron vane, electrodynamometer) will work so long as they have been calibrated in RMS figures. Because the mechanical inertia and dampening effects of an electromechanical meter movement makes the deflection of the needle naturally proportional to the average value of the AC, not the true RMS value, analog meters must be specifically calibrated (or mis-calibrated, depending on how you look at it) to indicate voltage or current in RMS units. The accuracy of this calibration depends on an assumed waveshape, usually a sine wave.
Electronic meters specifically designed for RMS measurement are best for the task. Some instrument manufacturers have designed ingenious methods for determining the RMS value of any waveform. One such manufacturer produces "True-RMS" meters with a tiny resistive heating element powered by a voltage proportional to that being measured. The heating effect of that resistance element is measured thermally to give a true RMS value with no mathematical calculations whatsoever, just the laws of physics in action in fulfillment of the definition of RMS. The accuracy of this type of RMS measurement is independent of waveshape.
Relationship of Peak, Peak-to-Peak, Average, and RMS
For "pure" waveforms, simple conversion coefficients exist for equating Peak, Peak-to-Peak, Average (practical, not algebraic), and RMS measurements to one another: Figure below
Conversion factors for common waveforms.
In addition to RMS, average, peak (crest), and peak-to-peak measures of an AC waveform, there are ratios expressing the proportionality between some of these fundamental measurements. The crest factor of an AC waveform, for instance, is the ratio of its peak (crest) value divided by its RMS value. The form factor of an AC waveform is the ratio of its RMS value divided by its average value. Square-shaped waveforms always have crest and form factors equal to 1, since the peak is the same as the RMS and average values. Sinusoidal waveforms have an RMS value of 0.707 (the reciprocal of the square root of 2) and a form factor of 1.11 (0.707/0.636). Triangle- and sawtooth-shaped waveforms have RMS values of 0.577 (the reciprocal of square root of 3) and form factors of 1.15 (0.577/0.5).
Bear in mind that the conversion constants shown here for peak, RMS, and average amplitudes of sine waves, square waves, and triangle waves hold true only for pure forms of these waveshapes. The RMS and average values of distorted waveshapes are not related by the same ratios: Figure below
Arbitrary waveforms have no simple conversions.
This is a very important concept to understand when using an analog D'Arsonval meter movement to measure AC voltage or current. An analog D'Arsonval movement, calibrated to indicate sine-wave RMS amplitude, will only be accurate when measuring pure sine waves. If the waveform of the voltage or current being measured is anything but a pure sine wave, the indication given by the meter will not be the true RMS value of the waveform, because the degree of needle deflection in an analog D'Arsonval meter movement is proportional to the average value of the waveform, not the RMS. RMS meter calibration is obtained by "skewing" the span of the meter so that it displays a small multiple of the average value, which will be equal to be the RMS value for a particular waveshape and a particular waveshape only.
Since the sine-wave shape is most common in electrical measurements, it is the waveshape assumed for analog meter calibration, and the small multiple used in the calibration of the meter is 1.1107 (the form factor: 0.707/0.636: the ratio of RMS divided by average for a sinusoidal waveform). Any waveshape other than a pure sine wave will have a different ratio of RMS and average values, and thus a meter calibrated for sine-wave voltage or current will not indicate true RMS when reading a non-sinusoidal wave. Bear in mind that this limitation applies only to simple, analog AC meters not employing "True-RMS" technology.
The amplitude of an AC waveform is its height as depicted on a graph over time. An amplitude measurement can take the form of peak, peak-to-peak, average, or RMS quantity.
Peak amplitude is the height of an AC waveform as measured from the zero mark to the highest positive or lowest negative point on a graph. Also known as the crest amplitude of a wave.
Peak-to-peak amplitude is the total height of an AC waveform as measured from maximum positive to maximum negative peaks on a graph. Often abbreviated as "P-P".
Average amplitude is the mathematical "mean" of all a waveform's points over the period of one cycle. Technically, the average amplitude of any waveform with equal-area portions above and below the "zero" line on a graph is zero. However, as a practical measure of amplitude, a waveform's average value is often calculated as the mathematical mean of all the points' absolute values (taking all the negative values and considering them as positive). For a sine wave, the average value so calculated is approximately 0.637 of its peak value.
"RMS" stands for Root Mean Square, and is a way of expressing an AC quantity of voltage or current in terms functionally equivalent to DC. For example, 10 volts AC RMS is the amount of voltage that would produce the same amount of heat dissipation across a resistor of given value as a 10 volt DC power supply. Also known as the "equivalent" or "DC equivalent" value of an AC voltage or current. For a sine wave, the RMS value is approximately 0.707 of its peak value.
The crest factor of an AC waveform is the ratio of its peak (crest) to its RMS value.
The form factor of an AC waveform is the ratio of its RMS value to its average value.
Analog, electromechanical meter movements respond proportionally to the average value of an AC voltage or current. When RMS indication is desired, the meter's calibration must be "skewed" accordingly. This means that the accuracy of an electromechanical meter's RMS indication is dependent on the purity of the waveform: whether it is the exact same waveshape as the waveform used in calibrating.
Back to Main Index of Book
AC Calculations
AC Phase
AC Waveforms
Free Book on AC
1.2 AC Waveforms
1.4 Simple AC Circuit Calculations
1.7 Numerical integration
1.6 Numerical differentiation in Calculus
1.5 Symbolic versus numerical calculus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you have a soft spot for the environment and you think you are not doing enough yourself, then Ecosia is the next thing you need in your life.
Ecosia is a search engine with a difference.
What I mean is, every time you search through Ecosia, the search ads generate income for the business which is then used to plant trees.
Founded in 2009 by Christian Kroll, Christian learned the connection between globalisation and climate change and how planting new trees could actually neutralise CO2 emissions on a very large scale. He came up with the idea of a search engine that can help finance planting and restoration projects.
10 years on, they have already planted over 51 million trees, with under 8 million current users, they have managed to continue to grow making a happier environment, healthier people and a strong economy and invested under €10m.
Ecosia supports over 20 tree-planting projects in 15 different countries; Peru, Brazil, Madagascar, Nicaragua, Haiti, Colombia, Spain, Morocco, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Indonesia. To achieve this, they have worked with local partners who are able to monitor the trees on the ground. They are planning to visit more areas around the world to start new planting projects.
They look for the best places on the planet to plant trees and the best places are biodiversity hotspots, which are areas that hold particularly high numbers of unique species. These locations face extreme threats. These hotspot hold at least 1,500 species of endemic plants and have been diminished by at least 70%.
Currently, there are 35 such hotspots, which represent 2.3% of our Earth's land surface – which in scale is tiny, but they support more than half of the world's plant species and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species that are found nowhere else on Earth.
Within the poorest agricultural regions of our planet, communities and farmers do not have the means to start tree-planting and restoration on a larger scale. It's hard to find investment from private finances because they don't get a return within three years, and public finance carries large administrative burdens.
By planting in these areas, Ecosia is employing local communities and giving farmers an attractive alternative to selling their land for monoculture production.
The searches that users are doing within Ecosia are helping so much, such as restoring degraded areas in the central part of the Kalimantan Islands, where crops are able to grow between the trees which means that local population can both restore their landscapes and have the pick of more abundant crops.
Ecosia is also part of the Green Belt movement in Kenya, which has allowed them to help people to conserve biodiversity, restore ecosystems and mitigate local manifestations of climate change.
So just a few things that they have done from their 8 million current users.
The amazing generosity of the Ecosia employees is a community of people who want to create a greener and better life for everyone, therefore every single ad click generates a percentage of revenue that Ecosia gives back to planting projects. Even when they make a small commission from their online store, all profits go into projects meaning that every time they sell a T-Shirt they can plant another 20 trees and nothing outside of basic running costs goes into the pockets of the team. Planting trees are their mission.
Our environment needs trees. By searching with Ecosia you can help to reverse the worst effects of climate change for free. No seeds, gardening experience or travel to a hot climate required: we take care of all that.
Each search with Ecosia removes roughly 1 kg of CO2 from the air. So, searching with us helps to make carbon removal part of your daily routine! Remember that Google could absorb 15% of all emissions worldwide if it adopted our business model.
In addition to all the trees we plant, we took the concept of being renewable to a whole new level, by building our own solar plants in Germany to power our servers on 100% renewable energy.
Most people don't think of soil as being particularly important. Yet it is responsible for growing the food we need to survive. Ecosia is making the earth fertile again in Burkina Faso and regenerating arid landscapes in Spain.
By providing farmers in Indonesia with alternative sources of income.
Does Ecosia plant a tree for every search?
Trees are the superheroes of our blue planet, they help mitigate climate change, restart water cycles, stop deserts from spreading and turn barren grounds back to fertile woods and farmlands.
Well, unfortunately, this is not the case, you will need to do approximately 45 searches to finance the planting of a single tree. However, if you think about it, how often do you google something in a day, this could rack up loads of trees.
Ecosia currently funds the planting of a new tree EVERY second due to 8 million active users.
Say you search with Ecosia three times in a day for a year, (but typically you would search for more – without realising), this would mean that you would tally up to have 1095 search requests in that year. Since they plant a new tree, on average, every 45 searches, you would have then helped raise the funds to plant 24.3 real trees in those 35 different places across the 15 current countries.
Every search a user does, Ecosia generates 0.05 cents (EUR) and it costs 0.22 cents (EUR) to earn enough to plant one tree. But depending on clicks on the ads and the revenue that the ads generate, then it could take fewer searches to get one tree.
Where do Ecosia's search results come from?
Some users' have expressed concern that the user experience is going to be completely different. This is where it gets interesting. It gives you suggestive search results and it is as quick as retrieving the results as Google. The only difference is that Ecosia's search results and search ads are powered by Microsoft Bing. They use Bing's search technology, enhanced with Ecosia's own algorithms, but at the same time, it still looks like Google's platform.
Every time you search you will see a personal tree counter go up by one this will help you identify how many searches you have done and the goal you'll reach to get the funds to plant a new tree.
Another added feature is that Ecosia will recommend a website which it deems a website that shares the same mission and values with a simple indicator – a green leaf.
Ecosia is really simple and easy to install. Either used as a plugin or simply entering a query in the www.ecosia.org search box will count towards Ecosia's dream.
Let us make a better tomorrow by simply searching with Ecosia rather than your normal search engine. Currently, at home, I've racked up more than 20,000 results which are approximately 444 trees. Instead of googling it, Ecosia it.
At Fifteen we work hard to ensure all our projects are as friendly to the environment as they are to the bottom line. Whether design, development or SEO, we work hard to ensure that each and every project is at the cutting edge of the industry. Ecosia is one of these leading-edge developments and we look forward to seeing how modern tech can shape our planet in the future.


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Say one thing, do another
Up and down the country, we are beginning to see the real implications of the massive cuts that the government has made in local government funding. This month's announcements about the closures of libraries, swimming pools, SureStart centres are just the start. The biggest funding cuts are still to come and, over the summer, Eric Pickles quietly announced a further £1bn cut in council funding.
Service cuts and increased charges for services are taking place in councils of all political controls and none. To those who suggest that 'there wouldn't be these problems if politics was taken out of local government', I simply note that the councils closest to financial meltdown are controlled by Independents.
However, the government has been determinedly political in making the funding cuts. Millions of pounds are being switched from north to south, from urban to rural, and from the poorest to the wealthiest areas. But even that isn't stopping service cuts in southern Conservative and Liberal Democrat councils, which rather gives the lie to suggestions that the cuts arise from political incompetence or perversity.
This switch is also being forced through in other spending areas. Last year, the government tried to make the same sort of funding changes in the NHS. Leading doctors managed to block the proposals, saying that the proposed changes were completely unjustified on health grounds. That hasn't stopped the government trying again this year. It intends to cut nearly £50m a year from the NHS in Sheffield and give it to Surrey – a proposal supported by Nick Clegg, somewhat undermining his thin claim to be standing up for the city.
However, I will support Nick Clegg's proposal to provide free school meals to 5 and 6 year olds. What observers might find strange is that when councils like Hull and Southwark provided free school meals, local Liberal Democrats described it as "disgraceful profligacy" and, when they took control of those councils, stopped the provision altogether. Liberal Democrat MP Simon Hughes twittered that the policy was "wasting extraordinary amounts". At least we know that 'Say one thing, do another' is safe in Mr Clegg's hands.
Their Red tape, your wages and rights?
It is being suggested that Whitehall departments will be legally obliged to scrap red tape and that ministers would be required to scrap twice as many existing rules for any new rule they wished to introduce.
Of course, there have been more announcements about 'crusades against red tape' than Frank Sinatra had final tours. And, it is absolutely correct that, where rules or regulations are unnecessary or counter-productive, we should do away with them. For that, we need to be ever vigilant.
Last November, the Government claimed that an initial "one in, one out" rule for new Whitehall regulation introduced in January 2011 had reduced the costs on businesses by almost £1 billion. It wasn't true. David Cameron followed that by claiming that red tape should be attacked with the same vigour as "beating Hitler". He hasn't.
Enshrining it in law will test the Government's rhetoric on reducing the regulatory burden to the limit. As one insider put it "The key question is what is regarded as a regulation. The Treasury likes to pretend that changes to the tax code are not red tape although they provoke the most complaints."
Similarly, some of those who continually demand cuts in laws and regulations – are regularly calling for new laws and regulations to tackle new sorts of crimes. Just think of the last few weeks with the demands for action on internet harassment and trolling.
But the real difficulty is that the vast majority of rules and regulations were introduced to provide protection – for individuals, but also for businesses. When some business organisations (like the Institute of Directors) and some politicians (like UKIP) talk about 'doing away with red tape to save billions', what they actually mean is doing away with the minimum wage, minimum protections on sickness and holiday pay, health and safety laws etc.
Their red tape is your wage and rights.
Dial Cameron and Clegg for Chaos
The 1997 Blair government inherited a National Health Service that was on its knees – with patients waiting literally years for operations in crumbling hospitals which had been built before the NHS was founded in 1948. Over the following decade, that government rebuilt and reformed the NHS, with more nurses, more doctors, more operations, shorter waiting times and over 100 new hospitals. I didn't agree with every reform, but it was no wonder that public satisfaction with the NHS was at a record high by 2010.
Unfortunately, this government's record on the NHS is shameful. David Cameron promised "I'll cut the deficit, not the NHS". He assured nurses there would be no top-down reorganisations. He went round hospitals promising patients he would save Accident and Emergency Departments from closure. And what has happened? The deficit went up last year while over 4,000 nurses were cut. £3 billion was wasted on a top-down reorganisation. And the very A&E units David Cameron promised to save are closing down.
The recent Keogh review contained challenging but accurate picture of care standards and failings at 14 NHS trusts. We must, however, remember that the problems identified in these hospitals are not typical of the NHS or of the care given by NHS staff. We should seek to learn from this report and not use it to tarnish the many doctors, nurses and NHS staff who look after us in our NHS. The vast majority of doctors and nurses working in the NHS perform to a very high standard day in, day out, but everyone in the country will be worried that some hospitals are letting people down. Sir Bruce Keogh's excellent and important report found that the most serious problems arose where there were "inadequate numbers of nursing staff".
We should all be horrified by the massive exercise of vandalism that has destroyed NHS Direct. This is a mess entirely of the government's own making. We had a single, trusted national service and they decided to break it up into 46 cut-price contracts, where essentially computers have replaced nurses. And the contractors have now decided that they can't even provide a reduced service for the price they promised.
So what have we now got? "The computer says 'No'. Go to A&E." Is it any surprise that we've ended up with record numbers going to A&E and the return of patients spending hours on trolleys in corridors?
Muddying the water
There has been a dramatic rise in the number of people who are employed on zero-hours' contracts. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that some employers are seeking to exploit the current economic uncertainty.
Recently, I've met constituents who, following a period of unemployment, have found jobs working regular hours but are employed on zero-hours contracts. Some have been told they have to work exclusively for one employer, but with no guarantee that they will get enough work to pay the bills. Others have had to commit to making themselves available for work at times when they are uncertain that they can make appropriate child-care arrangements at such short-notice. For them, zero-hours contracts mean daily stress and insecurity.
After a decade when we implemented legislation on the minimum wage, agency workers, holiday and parental leave entitlements to protect employees and fair competition, it now appears that we are in a period where some employers are pursuing a race to see who can exploit workers the most. This can't continue.
Understanding and tackling the issue hasn't been helped by the determined attempts by some employers and parts of the media to muddy the water. We do need to distinguish between what and what is not acceptable. Of course, we need flexibility. But flexibility should never be used to try to justify exploitation.
There are some long-standing arrangements where zero-hours' contracts are appropriate and acceptable – for example, supply arrangements for teachers and doctors or occasional stewarding at events.
But what should be banned is employers insisting that zero-hours workers must be available even when there is no guarantee of any work. We should stop zero-hours contracts that require workers to work exclusively for one business. And we should end the misuse of zero-hours contracts where employees are, in practice, working regular hours over a sustained period.
Such employment practices are bad for employees, bad for good employers and fair competition, and bad for the economy if increasing numbers of people are uncertain about their ability to invest for the future. It's time to act now.


text:
package org.javesi.testcomponents;

import org.javesi.component.SingletonComponent;

public class SingleB
    implements SingletonComponent
{
    public int value;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Copyright articles about everything
Interesting and informative opinion articles about everything. Articles about medicine, health, nature, finance, business, economics, electronics, repairs, training, education of children, history of art ... It has something to read.
: Habermas
Abortion and Woman's Choice
ARLIE RUSSELL HOCHSCHILD
Beyond the natural body
BLACK MEN ON RACE, GENDER, AND SEXUALITY
CRITICAL TRANSITIONS IN THE. CAREERS OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING
Culture, art, history
Equipment and Internet
Feminism, Sexuality, and Politics
FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES. ON FAMILY LAW
Food and cookery
Gender and Education in China
GENDER AND POWER
Gender and. Social Computing
GENDER. VIOLENCE. IN RUSSIA
Good Enough Mothering?
House and family
Humdrum of life
In The Myth of Male Power
KEY CONCEPTS IN FEMINIST THEORY AND RESEARCH
KILLING WOMEN
Laws and safety
Mama, PhD
Mother's Work
Narcissism and Its Discontents
PARENTINGOUT OF CONTROL
Postfeminisms
POSTMODERN SEXUALITIES
RE-THINKING SEXUALITIES. IN AFRICA
Routledge Handbook of Sexuality Studies in East Asia
Sexing the Body
Sexuality Now
Sexuality,. Society and. Feminism
THE DIALECTIC OF SEX
THE MANAGED HEART
THE MISCELLANY of Sex
The Origins of Sex
The Other Side of Desire
The Porn Trap
The Purchase of Intimacy
THE SECOND SHIFT
The War Through the Eyes. of Somali Women
What is Gender?
Work, career, business
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Big Buys
November 10, 2015 No comments	 admin
American critics of conspicuous and wasteful consumption rarely single out housing. Most frequently they fix on consumer durables such as automobiles, electronic devices, household appliances, and furniture. Although we may deplore excesses in all those regards, the acquisition and use of such items neatly illustrates how consumption simultaneously activates household social relations, shapes those relations, involves negotiation among household members, and represents the household's social location to outsiders. Lizabeth Cohen, who has chronicled the great expansion of U. S. consumer activity after World War II, points to the close connections between purchase of homes and acquisition of other consumer durables:
Buying homes, particularly new ones, motivated consumers to purchase things to put in them, and thereby helped stoke the crucial consumer durables market. Billions of dollars were transacted in the sale of household appliances and furnishings, as refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, and the like became standard features in postwar American homes. (Cohen 2003:123)
House buying also led to automobile purchases, especially with the proliferation of suburbs, shopping malls, and long commutes. Between 1946 and 1955, in what Cohen calls the postwar "consumers' republic," sales of new cars quadrupled; by the end of the '50s,
three-quarters of U. S. households owned at least one car (123). Much like household appliances such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and refrigerators, far from minimizing effort, the car paradoxically spawned a whole series of new, demanding domestic activities. For instance, as delivery services dwindled, housewives now drove to the grocery story, the butcher's shop, or the supermarket to purchase their families' foodstuffs. They also became resident chauffeurs, driving children to parties or other activities (Cowan 1983; Vanek 1974).
In rural areas, cars similarly became the object of new household strategies and division of labor. At first, as rural automobile use expanded after World War I, cars were mostly a man's possession, assimilated to rural work as another practical farm tool, much like a tractor. When farm wives wanted to shop, they waited for their husbands to take them (Barron 1997). But as women began to drive, the automobile, instead of easing their work, once again, often multiplied their tasks. Here's the experience of an Ohio farm wife in 1919. Before the family acquired a car, she had established a butter and egg route that took a great deal of her time. With the car, she expanded the business, but also increased her other household tasks:
One morning [she] cooked that night's dinner in a "fireless cooker" [an insulated box in which a boiled dinner could cook all day], drove forty-one miles to visit her daughter in Cleveland, shopped in the city in the afternoon, then drove home in time to put a late supper on the table from the fireless cooker. .. . After the car was bought she could wash the breakfast dishes, sweep the kitchen, and then get to her customers [on the butter and egg route] as early as before, and generally get home in time to serve the dinner." (Kline 2000: 84, citing Rural New Yorker)
Three-quarters of a century later, in contemporary urban middle – class America, a second car has become a necessity for many households. Despite making some parts of life easier, the second car produces an even more complicated set of claims and counterclaims on
transportation. "With Mom in the workforce and the family located even further from the city's center," note Warren and Tyagi (2003), "that second car became the only means for running errands, earning a second income, and getting by in the far-flung suburbs" (47). In rural, urban, and suburban America, people reshaped family life as they acquired automobiles. The house and the automobile dramatize a more general process: the interplay between household social relations and consumption. All households craft connections between the goods and services they use and the quality of their collective social lives.
Revealing results occur when households receive large sums of money all at once. This can happen through prizes, bonuses, lottery winnings, legal settlements, inheritances, or income tax refunds. Because the American government has experimented with the earned income tax credit and related programs as a way of encouraging families to exit from poverty and welfare, researchers have compiled an unusual amount of evidence concerning the effect of such windfalls on low-income households (for details, see, for example, Meyer and Holtz-Eakin 2002; Mayer 1997). How, they ask, do families use their tax credits? Far from treating lump-sum payments as simply more income of the same old kind, household members typically distinguish "tax money" from "paycheck money," often earmarking tax money for exceptional commitments, such as down payments on houses, buying cars, consumer durables, school tuition, children's wardrobes, family celebrations, and liquidation of major debts.
For example, Carlotta Saylor, a forty-one-year-old mother of five boys, worked two jobs: as part-time preschool aide during the school year and full-time summer day camp counselor. Interviewed at a rundown Louisville, Kentucky, public-housing project in 1997, Saylor reported how, besides taking care of some bills, she had spent the previous year's $2,000 earned income tax credit: "I bought a washer and paid cash for it. .. . It was the first time I ever paid cash for anything. I got a washer that was brand-new… . Then I went to the grocery store and made a big purchase. And I took each of the kids shopping and got them new school clothes and supplies" (Shirk, Bennet, and Aber 1999: 128). Saylor also indulged her children with a movie and the rare experience of a restaurant meal. She had different plans for the current year's tax credit. Hoping to save most of the money, she said:
I want to buy me a house. … It doesn't have to be anything grand—just a little house, with four bedrooms and a basement, so the kids have some place to play when it's cold. .. . They are always talking on TV about how important it is to eat family dinners together. .. . Here, we don't have room for a table. It'd be nice to all sit down together at a table someday (Shirk, Ben – net, and Aber 1999: 128-29)
In a follow-up visit two years later, the interviewers found the Saylor family living in a rent-subsidized Louisville two-story, four-bedroom house, with a large kitchen and a backyard. But Saylor still could not afford the kitchen table necessary for the dreamed family gathering.
A systematic 1998 study reports earned income tax credit expenditures by 650 low-income Chicago-area taxpaying single parents and two-parent families. The study looks at two categories of expenses: "making ends meet," or consumption use (utility, rent, food, clothes, durables), and "improving economic and social mobility," or asset building. The latter include moving, car or transportation, saving, and tuition or other schooling expenses. The authors found that almost 70 percent of their respondents anticipated spending at least some of their tax credit for economic and social mobility, with cars and schooling heading the list. But 65 percent also planned to spend part of the money for more immediate consumption, largely on utility bills, rent, purchasing food and clothing. The distribution of first priorities ran as follows:
50 percent 13 percent 12 percent
Purchase or repair car
Debts took priority over consumer expenditures, but household purchases loomed large (Smeeding, Phillips, and O'Connor 2002: 312).
A parallel ethnography of forty-two low-income Wisconsin families with young children who received payments from income tax refunds and/or tax credits produced similar findings. Households treated tax credits as something quite different from their routine income, as money they could spend on important improvements in their family lives. Furthermore, despite any skepticism we might feel about people's stated intentions, in fact, the families generally followed through and spent the lump-sum money on the same categories as we saw earlier. They did not simply pour the money into their weekly income stream. Instead, they paid bills, saved some, spent on children's tuition, bought household appliances, invested in cars, and so on. One woman "from a close-knit extended family," the authors report, "gave money to family members to make an insurance payment, knowing that they would help her if needed" (Romich and Weisner 2002: 383).
A significant share of the lump-sum tax income went to expenditures on children, especially clothing. The mother of two young children explained: "When my taxes come. .. I'll take the kids shopping because my kids really need to go shopping… especially [my older son]…. I can't send my son to school like this. Once I get the money, you know, send in all the papers—my W2 thing, [I] go to Wal-Mart and Kmart and just stock up" (382-83). After the fact, moreover, most families, the authors note, pointed to some household item purchased with their previous tax credit: a couch, a bed, tables, a refrigerator, a stove, a television, or a car. Some even pointed to the house itself.
Let me issue three warnings, however, against concluding that windfall money simply flows immediately to virtuous uses. First,
some recipients of quick money go on binges, buy extravagant objects, or other indulgences. Second, other kin and friends frequently make claims on such found money, which therefore does not end up in the recipient's own household. Third, who gets the money makes a critical difference: for example, payments to women are much more likely to produce benefits for children (see Kenney 2002; Lundberg, Pollak, and Wales 1997).
These qualifications simply fortify the main point: within and across households, income catalyzes relational work. We can see this clearly in the case of same-sex couples. Dealing with a substantial sample of gay and lesbian households from the San Francisco Bay Area, Christopher Carrington underlines the importance of what he calls "consumption work." Through interviews and observation, Carrington identified a remarkably wide range of consumption activities, including browsing catalogs, magazines, and newspapers; consulting brochures, books, and etiquette manuals (for example, for instruction on gift-giving); listening to radio or television advertising; consulting other lesbian and gay families; comparison shopping in grocery stores or department stores; phoning goods and service providers; keeping files with instructional manuals and service information; commuting to megastores; waiting on the phone, in line at the store, at the post office, or at ATM machines; and determining the affordability of particular goods and services.
Carrington brings out three points of great importance for our inquiry: first, that the acquisition of a house and consumer durables represented the stability and long-term prospect of the couple's relationship; second, that within these couples, commonly a specialization in different kinds of consumption work emerged; and third, that consumption routinely involved negotiation with members of the household and other kin. "From purchasing their first futon to selecting a home for retirement," Carrington found, "lesbigay families conceive of these consumption work-laden acts as symbols of family and relational solidarity" (Carrington 1999: 173).
Listen to how Bill Fagan, one of Carrington's respondents, an artist and the household's "consumption worker," talks about shopping: "I find that I am thinking about all kinds of stuff about our house when I go out to shop. Like I will be thinking of presents for Rick's [his partner's] birthday, or gifts for my nephews for Christmas, when I go, or I will get ideas about how to improve things in the house" (152). In another case, purchasing required subtle household diplomacy. Michael Herrera recounted his efforts to persuade Federico Monterosa, his partner of four years, to purchase a fancy coffee maker:
It was quite an effort to convince Freddy that we should get it.
He doesn't drink coffee too much. … Or if we got one, he only wanted a cheap one. … I had to come up with a good reason to get a nicer one and spend more money. So, it turned out that Freddy's parents were coming to San Francisco and were planning to stay with us. Freddy's mom likes coffee, and so I made the case that we should buy a nice coffee maker to make her feel at home. . . because it was kind of hard on her when Freddy came out to her and all. With that, he agreed and we went to Macy's and bought a decent coffee maker. (156)
In this vignette, we see Michael and Federico realigning their relations to each other and to their families.
Copyright © 2019 Copyright articles about everything - Interesting and informative opinion articles about everything. Articles about medicine, health, nature, finance, business, economics, electronics, repairs, training, education of children, history of art ... It has something to read.


text:
Benecol/
Consumer Brands, Western Europe
Consumer Brands, Confectionery
Consumer Brands, Northern Europe
Consumer Brands, Eastern Europe
Benecol
Licensed brands, Benecol
Benecol business focuses on the licensing of Benecol brand and plant stanol ester to its partners around the world. Raisio aims to expand into new markets, particularly in Asia and South America. Acquisition of the Benecol business from the affiliates of Johnson & Johnson was a significant and important deal for Raisio. In 2014, consumers around the world used more than 400 million daily doses of Benecol products.
Main events in 2014
Benecol was launched in Brazil in November.
Steady demand for Benecol products, although big differences in sales development between the countries continued.
Sales in Benecol products grew in Finland, Spain, Indonesia and Hong Kong.
Benecol products were launched in South Korea after the review period in February 2015.
Net sales for the Benecol business grew from the comparison period and business profitability remained at its normal good level.
Sales of plant stanol ester in, e.g., Finland, Spain, Indonesia and Hong Kong increased and were at the comparison year level in the markets acquired from the affiliates of Johnson & Johnson.
Active work to open new markets
As a whole, demand for Benecol products was stable and at the comparison year level. Big differences between the sales in different countries continued. Sales in Benecol minidrinks and yogurt drinks increased in several markets.
Benecol milk was launched in Brazil in November. This launch supports the objective of Raisio's Benecol business to expand into new markets. In South America, Benecol products are now available in Chile, Ecuador, Columbia and Brazil.
UK is the largest Benecol product market.
The UK is still by far the largest market for Benecol products and Benecol is the market leader. Poland, Spain, Finland, Ireland and Belgium are also major markets for Benecol products. In Indonesia, sales in Benecol products increased while in Thailand, for example, the uncertain political situation and low marketing efforts decreased sales considerably. In Hong Kong, Benecol product sales increased due to TV campaigns.
After the acquisition completed in November, Benecol product home markets administered by Raisio itself include the UK, Ireland, Belgium, Poland, Finland, Portugal and Hong Kong. Raisio subcontracts Benecol products containing a unique ingredient, plant stanol ester, and is responsible for the product sales and marketing in the markets mentioned above.
Stock Exchange Release: the acquisition of J&J's Benecol business
Raisio continues active efforts to open new Benecol markets, particularly in Asia. Benecol products were launched in South Korea after the review period in February 2015.
Through the acquisition, the number of Benecol home markets rose to seven.
From the beginning of 2015, Benecol unit includes licensing and partnership work for plant stanol ester, Benecol product ingredient, as well as sales and marketing of Benecol consumer products in Raisio's home markets in the UK, Ireland, Belgium, Poland, Finland, Portugal and Hong Kong.


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A Gift that Keeps on Growing
Maly Roofing Co. Donates Green Roof Trays to Goodman Community Center
Maly Roofing Co. contacted Vogel Bros. Building Co. in September with news that they would like to donate green roofing trays to complete the Goodman Community Center's splash pad equipment building. Vogel Bros. had constructed the splash pad in the summer of 2015, but Goodman Community Center's budget at the time did not allow for the installation of the green roofing trays. This donation of approximately $2,500 worth of materials was a welcomed surprise for the Center.
"We wanted this green roof to help shelter the equipment building and provide an example of a roof garden for educational purposes," Derek Kruzicki, Director of Facility Operations and Services at Goodman Community Center said. "We have a seed-to-table curriculum for teen, and this green roofing system provides an additional tool for teaching."
Maly Roofing worked with Vogel Bros. last summer on the project and had installed the existing roof of the equipment building to accommodate the green roofing trays. Maly Roofing's interest in donating the trays stems from their investment in their community. "We wanted to give back. Goodman Community Center helps children by giving them a place to play and learn," Pam Keiner of Maly Roofing said of the donation.
Vogel Bros. Building Co. was proud to share the news with Goodman Community Center who used a team of staff and volunteers to put the trays on the roof. "We are already using the new roof as a learning medium for our teen education program," Derek Kruzicki added. "It is one more example of places to grow things and demonstrates the advantages of growing on a roof."


You are here: Home / Seller's Corner / Outside Closings Protect Sellers!
When an investor has performed their research and is ready to purchase a private mortgage note they will ask the seller to deliver original documents and sign the assignment package. The investor will want these original documents before the funds are released to the seller.
So the investor wants the documents before the money is released and the seller wants the money before the documents are released.
This impasse is easily solved by using an outside closing through a title company, attorney, or escrow company. The outside closer will act as an independent third party (or fiduciary) protecting the interests of both parties.
An outside closing is basically an exchange of money for documents. The outside closer will receive the proceeds from the investor into their trust account and also receive the documents from the seller. It is not necessary for either the investor or the seller to physically be present for the note closing with the use of overnight delivery and wire transfers.
The fee for outside closings average $200 – $400 and can be paid by either party or split equally. Any legitimate note investor should be willing to participate in an outside closing through a licensed and bonded closing agent.
Outside closings offer protection and peace of mind to both note sellers and the note investors.
We usually use an escrow closer at the title company where the lender's title insurance policy was issued.
Hi. Been looking around on the web for note information, and noteinvestor.com is one of the recommended sites I came across as being a good resource.
Is it common for a seller to request for Proof Of Funds, such as a bank statement, line of credit, or the like? How would someone whose wanting to start brokering handle this? If I provide the POF, what would stop the seller from going to the end buyer, whether a private investor, or a established broker firm?
Are online market places or exchanges a good place to broker notes?


Global recognition: Basic Electrical has ventured into the world market thus gaining world recognition for its unique goods and services. Within the 12 months 2009, Forbes journal ranked GE as the world's largest firm. Hurbert (2007) notes that General Electric's model is the world's most acknowledged model. This type of recognition has given it a competitive edge over different companies resulting from its capability to draw extra clients. Receipts: Issued after an invoice has been paid. It's proof that the agency has paid for his or her goods. Whats up associates U Need Any Help on hacking for the following attempt hack genius i've used him so many instances and he by no means fails me he is the very best hacker i have ever employed Thank me later. After getting an concept of the place you're immediately and the place you see your small business in the future, it's best to determine the best group of advisors to interview that can assist you handle your finances.
You will have to explain intimately how the money you want goes for use. If it's for an existing business, you will want a profit and loss record for no less than the previous six months, and a plan exhibiting how this additional money will produce higher earnings. If it is a new enterprise, you will have to indicate your proposed marketing strategy, your advertising and marketing research and projected costs, in addition to anticipated earnings figures, with a summary for every year, over at the least a 3 12 months period.
Where a company has subsidiary undertakings there's an obligation to prepare group accounts within the form of consolidated accounts (Firms Act 2006, part 399). This requirement does not apply to a guardian company that's subject to the small companies regime (see Appendix A below). Shareholders' wealth could decrease, however managers' wealth may increase when a agency makes a big acquisition at an extreme price.
Advertising and marketing & Human Resources – research the administration challenges of selling and human sources through case research and real enterprise examples. Completing the computation results in the Gross Revenue (Gross sales – COGS). At this level, all production associated expenses are covered and the remaining overhead prices associated with business operations have to be subtracted in an effort to decide the company's Earnings Earlier than Tax (EBTx).
Your research will concentrate on an introduction to financial accounting constructing on the talents you discovered in ACCT 122 (Introductory Financial Accounting I). Your studies embody these topics: accounting for property, plant and tools assets, current and lengthy-term liabilities, partnerships, and firms. In addition, you'll study to prepare a cash movement assertion and carry out ratio evaluation.


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Rakesh Jhunjhunwala Biography
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala is an Indian investor, trader and qualified chartered accountant who is considered to be the greatest investor in the Indian market. Check out this biography to know about his childhood, family life and achievements.
http://indianexpress.com/article/business/market/we-are-in-early-stages-of-long-run-bull-market-jhunjhunwala/
http://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-biggest-investor-Rakesh-Jhunjhunwala-isnt-very-happy-about-the-Indian-e-commerce-players/articleshow/50943518.cms
http://www.theweek.in/theweek/business/bourse-boss.html
Birthday: July 5, 1960
Famous: Investors Indian Men
Age: 59 Years, 59 Year Old Males
Sun Sign: Cancer
Born in: Mumbai
Famous as: Investor, Trader
Spouse/Ex-: Rekha Jhunjunwala
siblings: Rajesh Jhunjhunwala, Raju Jhunjhunwala
City: Mumbai, India
education: Sydenham College, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Radhakishan Damani
Barron Hilton
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala is an Indian investor, trader and qualified Chartered Accountant who is considered to be the greatest investor in the Indian market. 'Forbes' described him as an "Investor with a Midas touch"; 'India Today' called him the "pin-up boy of the current bull run"; and 'The Economic Times' named him the "Pied Piper of Indian bourses". He currently ranks as the 54th richest person in India on the 'Forbes' list, which estimates his net worth at USD 2.9 Billion as of November 2017. He is a partner in his asset management firm, Rare Enterprises; is the chairman of Aptech Limited and Hungama Digital Media Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.; and is a member of the board of directors at a bunch of Indian companies. He has been credited as the co-producer of several Bollywood movies such as 'English Vinglish', 'Shamitabh' and 'Ki & Ka'. There is a popular parody blog based on his life, 'The Secret Journal of Rakesh Jhunjhunwala', which was in 2012 revealed by 'The Economic Times' to be written by two persons: 'Forbes' columnist Mark Fidelman contributed to the blog for a year before it was taken over by Indian author Aditya Magal.
Cancer Entrepreneurs
Indian Business People
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, the son of an income tax officer, started dabbling in stocks while he was still in college. He was inspired by listening to his father, who was interested in stock market and often discussed stocks with friends. He also learned his first lesson from his father, who told him that the price fluctuates because of the incidents happening around the world, and encouraged him to check the news. As the young boy became more and more fascinated with stock market, he expressed to his father his intention to invest. His father told him to invest his own money, instead of borrowing from friends and family, and instructed him to get professional qualification as well, following which he decided to pursue a degree in chartered accountancy.
After completing his CA in 1985, when the Bombay Stock Exchange Index was at 150, Rakesh made his first investment with only Rs.5,000. The following year, he made a profit of 5 lakh rupees by selling 5,000 shares of Tata Tea at a price of Rs.143 after purchasing for Rs.43 a share three months ago. Till 1989, he amassed around Rs. 20–25 million in profits and decided to bet on shares of Sesa Goa iron mining company (now Sesa Sterlite). He made a huge profit by selling the 400,000 shares he bought for Rs.10 million. In 2002-03, he bought 6 crore shares of Titan for an average price of Rs.3, which is now valued at Rs. 2100 crore.
Cancer Men
What Makes Rakesh Special
The way media portrays him, it is easy to believe that Rakesh Jhunjhunwala was born with a midas touch and made only the correct choices throughout his life. However, according to him, it is the mistakes he made that has helped him be a better investor. He thinks that to succeed in the stock market, it is important to acknowledge one's mistakes and learn from them. He is also known for taking risks and being bullish about his investments. He believes that in the next two decades, India "could see a bull run like the one Wall Street had from 1987".
He is also a philanthropist and reportedly intends to donate at least 50% of his fortune to charitable organizations. He is an advocate of education of children from disadvantaged backgrounds and personally sponsors nearly 400 schools.
Behind The Curtains
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala was born on July 5, 1960 in Mumbai, India into a Marwari family. His father was an Income Tax Officer posted in Mumbai. He was the youngest member of a middle-class family and had a brother named Rajesh. He completed his bachelor of commerce degree from Sydenham College and then enrolled into the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India from where he completed his CA degree in 1985.
He is married to Rekha Jhunjhunwala and the couple has three children, a daughter named Nishtha and twin sons, Aryaman and Aryavir. The name of his privately owned stock trading firm, Rare Enterprises, is made by combining the first two letters of his name and his wife Rekha's name. He is known as a family man and is very close to his brother, wife and children. He raised his children in a way so that they do not feel wealth is a necessity for every pleasure in a human being's life.
In February 2012, he and his wife hosted a party to celebrate their 25th marriage anniversary, which was a star-studded affair attended by several renowned politicians, businessmen and celebrities including Anil Kapoor, Suniel Shetty, Kabir Bedi, Tabu, Talat Aziz, Rajkumar Hirani, Harsh Goenka, and Ramesh Sippy.
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Rakesh Jhunjhunwala Bio As PDF
- Rakesh Jhunjhunwala Biography
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Rakesh Jhunjhunwala
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21st Century | Celebrity Names With Letter R | Male Celebrity Names With Letter R | 21st Century Business People


Skepta is expecting his first child, after posting a picture of the tot's ultrasound on Instagram on Monday (30.07.18).
Skepta is expecting his first child.
The 35-year-old grime star has seemingly confirmed he is set to become a father for the first time, after he took to Instagram to share a picture of an ultrasound photo which revealed the unborn tot's face.
Skepta chose not to put a message in the caption of the photo, instead opting for just a rose emoji, but the picture shows the date of the ultrasound being Monday (30.07.18).
The scan also shows the words "Baby Adenuga", which is the 'Shutdown' hitmaker's surname, as his full name is Joseph Junior Adenuga.
Earlier this year, Skepta was rumoured to be dating supermodel Naomi Campbell, and so it has been speculated that she is the mother of the tot, though she is yet to confirm the news herself.
In January, it was claimed the couple had been enjoying a number of "secret" dates.
A source said: "Naomi and Skepta have been meeting up for a string of secret dates. They are both very creative which is why they have hit it off with each other. Things are going well but they are taking it very slowly."
And romance rumours heated up further when the couple were spotted at the NME Awards together in February, where they reportedly couldn't take their eyes off of one another.
A source said at the time: "They only had eyes for each other. They were sat next to each other and were constantly whispering into each other's ears.
"There is an obvious spark."
After the awards, the 'That's Not Me' hitmaker shared a photo of Naomi on stage at the ceremony, and simply captioned it with two heart emojis.


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Retail & Apparel
New Kate Spade for those not ready for it
NYNY
Adrianne Pasquarelli
Already well into the pivotal holiday shopping season, Craig Leavitt, chief executive of fashion brand Kate Spade, is hoping for a repeat of 2011, when the label raked in $312.9 million in net sales for the year, a 70% leap over 2010. But the larger test for the apparel exec, who has been with the brand since 2008, will come next year with the launch of Kate Spade Saturday, a lower-priced, casual label geared to women in their 20s and early 30s.
How have holiday sales been so far? Are you doing anything differently this year to spur spending?
It's been really good. We've become a real gifting destination. This year, we focused on breadth of price points, a range from $50 to $500, in multiple categories like small leather goods, cold-weather accessories and tabletop items like a paperweight. We have something for a younger consumer who comes in for an iPhone cover to a woman coming in for a handbag. Even in apparel, we have everything from T-shirts in the $50 range up to occasion dresses that are $500-plus.
You've been developing a new lifestyle brand, Kate Spade Saturday, for more than two years. What is it, and when will shoppers get to see it?
This is not a diffusion line. While there is a shared DNA on core values, like color and optimism, it is meant to appeal to a new customer, 22 to 35 years old. This is about the casual side of her life. We found that a lot of customers who love Kate Spade New York maybe are not ready for it; maybe they think it's too polished. Saturday is also roughly half the price of Kate Spade, with handbags in the $90 to $160 range.
We'll launch first in Tokyo in February with an e-commerce site and a flagship store. We'll follow that in March with e-commerce in the U.S., and a few months later a flagship store. New York and Los Angeles are the most likely possibilities. We're very proud of our New York roots, and New York will be part of the occasion, whether it's the first or second store.
Why Tokyo before New York?
We've been doing business there for almost 15 years. It was the first market outside the U.S. for Kate Spade. This is a way to introduce new customers to the brand there. We're also looking forward to launching the brand later in the year in Brazil—that consumer really responds to color.
How big of a brand do you envision Saturday becoming? Might it cannibalize Kate Spade's sales?
We're looking at stores ranging in size from 1,200 to 1,700 square feet. I'm not prepared to size the number of stores yet, but we think it's a very big opportunity. We don't really see a lot of overlap. It's a different occasion, a different consumer.
WHERE THEY DINED
ARTISANAL BISTRO
2 Park Ave.
www.artisanalbistro.com
AMBIENCE: Trés français
WHAT THEY ATE:
The Big Cheese sandwich (Fontina, Tallegio, Gruyere and Emmentaler); pommes frites
Beet salad with endive, walnuts and goat cheese; wild mushroom risotto with pumpkin and sage butter
TAB: $79.41, including tip
Any other growth plans in the works, perhaps at the Jack Spade men's label?
We had a lot of expansion this year, and we launched our first stores outside the U.S.—in Tokyo and London. We've had significant wholesale expansion, too, and are expanding our sportswear offerings—look for more categories in the year ahead.
Kate Spade has been lauded for effectively integrating its brand identity with its e-commerce site. How big is the site, sales-wise, and why does it work for shoppers?
We don't talk about specifics, but it's a sizable business. We have such a voice to our brand, literally and figuratively, with sayings and words, and that works well with the online space. Our blog, run by just a couple of people, helps to tell that story. Additionally, because color and graphics are so important to our products, they work well online.
How do you handle growing competition from similar brands like Tory Burch and new brands like C. Wonder?
It may come across as a canned answer, but you have to focus on what you're doing. If you start worrying about what others are doing, it's dangerous. We don't ignore the competition, but we put our heads down and do what's right for our brand. That's what got us through the recession.
Retail industry sticks to in-person event as Covid surges
Fifth Avenue spending three times more than usual on holiday decorations
Macy's agrees to consider spinoff of its e-commerce arm, sending stock higher


As I have mentioned before we started going to a counsellor to help with the post-partum depression.
He gave us some homework to do this week before we have our next session and I thought I would share the assignment with you all since I actually think it is a really good idea for everyone to do.
First of all you list all the things that cause stress in your life, everything, even if it is a list of 300 things.
Then you prioritize the list in order of what causes you the most stress to the least.
Then you write down how you cope with those stresses- what coping mechanisms do you use.
This will show you the healthy coping mechanisms you have as well as the unhealthy ones that need to be changed.
I started my homework last night- I don't recommend starting this excercise just before bed because then you spend forever in bed thinking of all the things you should have written down but forgot. Then you either have to get up out of bed and write them down while you are thinking of them or go to sleep and hope you remember in the morning. I chose sleep and I don't remember this morning what I was thinking about last night.


Click on the cruising areas below for more details on sailing in the Caribbean.
Come and see for yourself why the BVI is the most popular cruising area in the Caribbean. Perfect sailing conditions and sheltered passages round the islands make this area a delight for all levels of sailors wanting to relax in a Caribbean paradise. Great choice for a first Caribbean charter.
This surprisingly little island embodies a dual personality - half French, half Dutch. St. Martin/St. Maarten and the surrounding islands of Anguilla and St Barths offer some of the most spectacular sailing in the Caribbean. Experience beautiful anchorages, stunning sunsets and outstanding restaurants.
With 365 palm-fringed beaches and numerous anchorages, Antigua offers excellent sailing round the island. As part of the Leeward Islands, Antigua boasts a spectacular choice of picturesque coves and bays, with fine sand, blue seas and some of the best watersports in the Caribbean.
Cruise around this butterfly-shaped island with a French Creole flavour or sail to neighbouring Antigua. On Guadeloupe the beaches are secluded and the smell of fresh croissants and pastries mixes everywhere with the spicy aromas of West Indian cooking in restaurants and charming bistros.
Martinique is more relaxed than the Caribbean islands to the north and more sophisticated than the islands to the south. The French influence ensures excellent restaurants. Spend a whole week exploring Martinique or head north to undiscovered Dominica or south to St Lucia.
St Lucia is a tropical treasure trove with some of the most beautiful anchorages in the Caribbean. The beaches are stunning, the nightlife is active and the island has a relaxed atmosphere. From St Lucia you can also explore Martinique, a delightful island with a distinctly French flavour, or head south into the Grenadines.
Explore these Robinson Crusoe islands with soft white sand, turquoise seas and spectacular coral reefs. The Grenadines are undeveloped and unspoilt. Nightlife is conspicuous by its absence, peace and solitude are unsurpassed, and the dress code - like the lifestyle - ranges from informal to barefoot casual.
Belize is located on the Caribbean coast of Central America, South of Mexico. Home to the second longest barrier reef in the world, Belize offers superb calm water sailing, diving and snorkelling, Mayan ruins and more - truly an unspoilt holiday getaway.
Cruise the "out islands" of the Abacos, just 1 hour flying time from Miami, an archipelago of pale sandy islands, tranquil bays, sheltered harbours and sleepy historic villages. The beaches are spectacular, mile after mile of white sand and plenty of reefs for fantastic snorkelling and scuba diving.
The Florida Keys are known for their spectacular coral reefs, excellent marina facilities and quiet restful anchorages. Often called "America's Caribbean Islands" the Keys are warmed by the Gulfstream, and, sheltered by the only living coral reef in the U.S., the Keys offer splendid sailing conditions year round.
Cuba is a magical new destination for experienced sailors with some of the world's finest beaches, a rich cultural heritage and a vibrant approach to life. Dive and snorkel on some of the most exquisite coral reefs in the Caribbean and when the sun goes down, party to the salsa rhythms.
"Service from Nautilus Yachting was very satisfactory. Excellent on all counts."


On Wednesday, Kusner's typically uneventful ride took a VIP turn as she was joined by Gov. Jack Markell; Rep. Mike Castle, R-Del.; and about a dozen AstraZeneca and state workers. The politicians and colleagues turned out to encourage more Delawareans to give bicycle commuting a try.
"Getting more people on two wheels would be a good way to eat away at some of our biggest problems, according to Markell, an avid cyclist. "It's part of a bigger solution to two issues," he said. "One is transportation -- traffic, reducing congestion, reducing pollution. But it's also part of the solution in terms of becoming a more fit society."
Kudos to Governor Markell and the progress his state has been making. The League will continue to work with advocates, cyclists, Delaware DOT and legislators through our Bicycle Friendly State program to make Delaware a more bike-friendly place.


Funding for the state of Florida's manatee-related research and management activities is provided primarily from the Save the Manatee Trust Fund (STMTF), which receives money from sales of manatee license plates and decals, boat registration fees, and voluntary donations.
Read about the manatee license plate, including how to purchase a manatee license plate, where the revenues go, and information about the 2007 redesign of the license plate.
New decals are designed and created each year in preparation for the manatee Voluntary Contribution Campaign. These decals help raise money for manatee recovery around the Florida, your contribution to this cause is appreciated.
Read and download the Save the Manatee Trust Fund annual reports.


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1. The Subject Group Overview is now available for all grade levels, and the PDF export has been improved: To better assist MYP coordinators and teachers with keeping track of their curriculum, we've updated and improved our class Subject Group Overviews. The Subject Group Overview can be found under Tasks & Units in each class, on the right navigation panel (it may also appear at the bottom of the page, depending on your screen width). The Subject Group Overview now includes all units in all grade levels for that subject.
It also now exports to a new streamlined horizontal PDF layout, crafted by our IB MYP Curriculum experts to better support IB requirements.
For further assistance or feedback on our Subject Group Overviews, please contact us at support@managebac.com.


text:
Az Ikarus 60 autóbuszt az első ötéves terv célkitűzései szerint a mátyásföldi Ikarus Gyárban Csepel-Steyr tervezték meg 1951-ben. Trolibuszváltozata az Ikarus 60T.

A Kohó-és Gépipari Minisztérium, a Magyar Dolgozók Pártja Központi Vezetősége, sőt maga Rákosi engedélye után a gyártást is megkezdték.

Abban az időben, egészen 1957-ig a gyár igazgatója Szőcs András, a vezető konstruktőr Zerkovitz Béla, a gyár párttitkára Marián József (aki 1956-ban külföldre távozott) volt. Rákosi látogatásakor Zerkovitzot szinte dugdosták a diktátor elől, de amikor kiderült, hogy a híres zeneszerző közeli rokona a bemutatott prototípus tervezője akkor megtört a jég, és kiderült, hogy a mindenható, mindenhol burzsoá ellenséget kereső pártfőtitkár szerette a Zerkovitz-nótákat. Ilyen és ehhez hasonló komikus, de akkor tragédiát is eredményezhető előzmények után kapott zöld utat az Ikarus hatvanas.

Az új autóbuszok mintapéldányai 1952 tavaszán kezdték meg a próbafutásokat, oldalukon "Íme a tervgazdálkodás eredménye! Az 1952 évi új autóbuszok mintapéldánya. Tervezte és készítette a magyar ipar" felirattal.

A termelés beindulása után a FAÜ járatain is megjelentek az akkori idők fogalmai szerint tágas, kényelmes buszok.

Jóval kényelmesebbek, tágasabbak, sőt üzem- és forgalombiztosabbak voltak elődjeiknél (TR 3,5 és 5 NIK, IK 30).

A Rákosi-rendszer idején magánautót csak kivételezett személyek, egyetemi tanárok, kiemelkedő művészek, a rendszer kedvezményezettjei tarthattak, az üzemanyagot jegyre vásárolták, melyet hosszadalmas engedélyezési eljárás előzött meg. A vezető állásokban dolgozókat, párt- és állami kisebb-nagyobb beosztást betöltőket viszont hivatali gépkocsi, természetesen állami autóhoz állami sofőrrel, illette meg.

Ezek alapján nem csoda, hogy munkakezdés előtt és után hatalmas tömeget kellett szállítani. Az Ikarus 60 jól kiállta a próbát, robusztus felépítése, olcsó üzeme, tartóssága miatt hosszú évtizedekig volt a fővárosi közlekedés igáslova. A csuklósításban részt vett utolsó példányait a hetvenes években vonták ki a forgalomból, utoljára a 61-62 viszonylatról.

A buszhoz felhasznált járóképes alvázakat lábon, próbasofőrök vitték át a Csepel Autógyárból Mátyásföldre.

A motor a Csepel 700-ból ismert D 613 jelű, hathengeres diesel volt. Ez nem csendes járásáról, vagy nagy erejéről volt ismert, hanem gazdaságos üzeméről és megbízhatóságáról. Az erőátviteli rendszer mechanikus kuplungból, ötsebességes szinkronizálatlan váltóból és a laprugós hátsó merev tengelyt hajtó kardántengelyből állt. A kormánymű is végtelenül egyszerű, rásegítő nélküli volt. A fékrendszer dobfékeit és a két harmonikaajtót sűrített levegő működtette. A légfékekre a hátfalon felirat figyelmeztette a busz mögötti forgalmat.

Az Ikarus 60-t a MÁVAUT is sokáig használta, a távolsági kivitel egy lengőajtóval, és a némileg hosszabb végáttétellel valamivel nagyobb végsebességet érhetett el.

A belső berendezés 20 ülőhelyet és negyven állóhelyet engedett meg, a kalauzülés a hátsó ajtó mellett volt található. Az elrendezés még hosszú ideig változatlan maradt, az utódtípusokon, a 620-630-on is.

A Fővárosi Autóbuszüzemnél először 1952-ben került használatba, 0-2-2 ajtó elrendezéssel, 24 ülő és 36 álló utas kapacitással. A FAÜ az 1950-es évek közepén pótkocsis üzemmód bevezetéséről határozott, mely költségmegtakarítást is hozott, hiszen kevesebb fődarab és részegység karbantartására volt szükség, ugyanakkor a vontatott járművek kilengése miatt nehézkes volt a szerelvény manőverezése, így a csuklós járművek megjelenése után felhagytak vele.

A Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt. rendelkezik egy Ikarus 60-as autóbusszal, ami bizonyos alkalmakkor nosztalgiajáratként közlekedik.

Források

Ikarus 060

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ALD Dynatech's plants are built for operation around the clock, seven days per week. As and when the need for service arises, a global network is available to send urgently needed spare parts or an experienced service technicians. ALD Dynatech has technical support in 6 countries worldwide and representation in many others. Our marketing and service network and replacement part stocks at strategic locations enable us to react at short notice. Additionally, our headquarters in Germany operate a customer support center with dozens of experts who assist whenever special know-how is required.
ALD 3P Lifecycle services include professional support in emergencies, as well as preventive maintenance for plant equipment and the refurbishment of older systems to boost plant availability to the highest possible level. Our services at a glance: Delivery of spare parts and consumables or Repair service or Maintenance and inspection or Equipment refurbishment.
ALD Dynatech undertakes refurbishing jobs for hot box insulations. As production vacuum furnaces operates under high temperatures and pressure, at different modes of hardening process, ALD Dynatech provides one of the longest lasting FIT & Forget Hot Zone in Graphite option by using a CFC panel facing on all the sides of hot insulation rigid Graphite Board. This provided long lasting insulation pack both under heating phase and also effectively withstand gas pressure of 15 bar (a) during the quenching phase.
Even though the graphite insulated type hot zone is most commonly used in vacuum furnaces, the all metal hot zone design is still preferred in specific applications where the use of Carbonaceous material is unacceptable to the process. This is especially true in the aircraft engine manufacturing and defence equipment industry where an extremely clean processing system is required to negate the possibility of product contamination.
ALD Dynatech Furnaces also undertakes refurbishing jobs of all metal hot zones with optimum energy consumption and reducing the power losses.


School has very nearly finished for the summer and that means time to say thank you to the teachers for all their hard work.
The bottom two pouches in the picture above are gold sparkle PVC rather than the clear I usually use. It's a really great thickness, I bought it as an experiment (it's sold as tablecloth) but I absolutely love it. It's nice and sturdy but easy to work with and it feels smooth.
Click here for the gold, they also sell silver - for some reason it's more expensive though. FYI I bought the smallest amount and I have enough for loads of pouches!!
I got a nice set of Heyland & Whittle hand made, natural soaps so I could divide them up as little treats!
I individually wrapped the soaps and added cards the kids had made for each of their teachers, wrapped them all up and they were happily received this afternoon!
Today is tinged with sadness because it was the last day Lois and I were at home together alone, before the other kids finish school. We played outside in the glorious sunshine, then retreated inside for lunch and a chilled out afternoon with lots of cuddles.
It feels bittersweet - though I am so lucky and grateful for all the time I have had with each of my kids before they start school - it is the end of an era for me.
I'm plotting lots of fun activities with the kids over the next few weeks, we have a nice holiday to look forward to and it really feels like summer with the scorching heat today!! It's all lovely.
Lovely gifts Lucy, enjoy the summer!
Is Lois off to preschool in September? She can't be old enough for reception surely!
Would you mind letting me know where you get the plain PVC from please, have had a request!
I love the glittery pvc!!


Yesterday, our new Dental Van made its way to Chicago, joining a mobile clinic fleet which includes two Asthma Vans and Mobile Care's first Dental Van launched in 2014. Through all of Mobile Care's clinics combined, an estimated 7,000 low-income children will receive no-cost health care this year. The new "Dental Van 2" houses three full-service operatories so that children can be seen quickly without sacrificing the high standard of care which Mobile Care Chicago is known for.
Both Dental Vans will converge on Chicago-area schools and head start programs this year to provide comprehensive oral health care to over 5,000 low-income children.
The addition of Mobile Care's second Dental Van was made possible through a challenge grant from the Daniel F. and Ada L. Rice Foundation. If you're interested in joining the Dental Van 3 Committee, which will serve as the strategic back-bone for Mobile Care's third Dental Van, email Matt Siemer, Director of Operations, at msiemer@mobilecarefoundation.org!


2. Kenny King defeated Alex Payne.
1. Bryan Danielson defeated Rhett Titus with cattle mutilation.
2. Austin Aries defeated Silas Young with the last chancery.
3. Brodie Lee and the Necro Butcher went to a double count out.
4. Erick Stevens and Roderick Strong defeated Jimmy Jacobs and Delirious.
5. Claudio Castagnoli defeated Brent Albright by DQ when Albright wouldn't break from the crowbar after Claudio made it to the ropes.
6. Jerry Lynn and Tyler Black went to a 20 minute time limit draw.
8. ROH tag champs Kevin Steen and El Generico defeated the American Wolves.


There, I removed it. No deprecation or anything, just bam gone.
This method of the `IResolver` interface has no implementation in Twisted and has never had an implementation in Twisted. It is a documentation error.
* Twisted has never included an implementation of this method for applications to call.
* Twisted has never called this method on any object, either defined by Twisted or supplied by an application.
* It is redundant with `query`.
* Any application code which was implementing this method for some reason of its own will be unaffected by the removal of the method from the interface.


text:
Q: Databricks SparkR can't create spark DataFrame from large R data.frame I have a local R data.frame with 16 Million records in databricks. When I try to load it into a spark DataFrame I receive an error after circa 5 minutes every time.
sparkR.session()
spark_data_frame <- createDataFrame(local_r_data_frame, numPartitions=500)

The error:
 RserveException: eval failed

I have tried with up to 10000 paritions and the same error is received after the same amount of processing time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What do you call a vegetarian King Kong?
Simply enter the code at checkout. Valid with a min. spend of S$50. Code expires 15 Oct 2016, so shop now.
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