born digital archives: Can you read 5.25 inch double sided / high capacity IBM / MS DOS formatted diskettes?
Can you read 5.25 inch double sided / high capacity IBM / MS DOS formatted diskettes?
I believe many archives have old computer storage media such as 5.25 and 3.5 inch. floppy diskettes and zip disks in their collections. Since you can still buy 3.5 inch. floppy disk drives with USB interface in the market, reading 3.5 inch. floppy diskettes is not a problem. Also, because some Zip drives use ATAPI / USB interface, connecting a zip drive to your pc is not a problem either (ATAPI is still widely used to connect CD/DVD drives.). The problem is 5.25 inch. floppy disk drives which use 34-pin floppy disk drive connectors (NO USB/ATAPI version). The 34-pin floppy disk drive connector doesn't exist in the motherboards of some modern personal computers (e.g. the FRED we have at Stanford.). Even a motherboard has a 34 pin floppy disk drive connector, some BIOS can recognize 3.5 inch. floppy disk drive but not 5.25 inch. floppy disk drive (e.g. the retired Dell pc in my offce).
In order to read 5.25 inch. double sided or high density IBM / MS DOS formatted diskettes, one option is to get a Catweseal card to put in a spare PCI slot in your pc. The Catweseal card has a 34-pin floppy disk drive connector for you to connect to a 5.25 inch. floppy drive. According to the manual, it can be configured to read Commodore 64 disk, extended density format disk (2.88MB), CP/M format disk (8-inch floppy for PDP-11 machines), IBM / MS DOS format disk. One limitation is that you have to use the "Imagetool" software come with the Catweseal card to read and write disk images. You cannot browse the contents of a disk and see what is inside before you make the disk image. You have to create the disk image and export the files in the disk image to see the contents of the disk. Also, Imagetool does not have an option to create logical disk image (slack space not captured / deleted files not copied). At Stanford, we create mostly logical disk images. Another option is to get a pc with motherboard and BIOS capable of connecting and recognizing 5.25 inch. floppy disk drive. I checked the specifications of several new pc in the market and found no mention about 5.25 inch. floppy disk drive (I will be very surprised if I find the specifications mention that.). I have checked the specifications of new motherboards to see whether they can connect and recognize 5.25 floppy disk drives. (If yes, I can buy the motherboard and build a pc around it.) The specifications will tell you whether the motherboards have a floppy disk connector but no details on whether they recognize 5.25 floppy disk drives. One day, I opened a retired pc of mine and discovered that it has a 34 pin floppy disk connector in the motherboard. I bought the pc to my office and connected the 5.25 floppy disk drive to the motherboard and it WORKED!!!! I can see the contents of 5.25 inch floppy disks using Windows Explorer. And I can use FTK Imager to create logical disk images. After that, I connected an ATAPI Zip drive (taken from the retired Dell pc in my office) to the same machine and it became a standalone capture station for me!!


Q. Some years ago my advisor in college drummed into my head that the titles of tables appear above the table, and titles of figures should go below the figure. Can you verify this? Thanks.
A. Partly. Chicago style puts the table title at the top (please see chapter 3) because often tables have other matter that appears below (sources, notes). Often, too, qualifying information essential for interpreting the table (measures, dates, etc.) appears in the title, so it makes sense to put it at the top where the reader will see it first. A figure caption can go above, below, or on the side of the figure. Its placement is usually a design decision, not an editorial one.


Washington, DC – Last week's effort by Spirit Airlines to claim that new U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) rules require airlines to "hide" taxes in advertising airfares not only is misleading, but demonstrates exactly why air travelers need the kind of disclosure DOT is requiring. Open Allies for Airfare Transparency agrees with the sharp criticism leveled against Spirit by Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) that it distorts the truth, and that "being able to compare the full price [of airfare] before purchase is both necessary and fair." That full price is the base fare+taxes+fees for baggage, seating, boarding and more.
In requiring improved disclosure of taxes and baggage fees this month, DOT has taken important steps toward true transparency for consumers. But more needs to be done, and Open Allies looks forward to the additional rulemaking on fee disclosure to be conducted by DOT later this year. That rulemaking should address full transparency and transactability of all airline fees through every distribution channel in which an airline participates. That would ensure meaningful comparison shopping across airlines on the "all-in" price of a ticket at any point of sale used by consumers.
With 50% or more of all airline tickets purchased via traditional travel agents or online travel sites, full disclosure of up-to-the-minute fee information is imperative. The nearly 400 members of Open Allies believe the traveling public is entitled to buy airline tickets, including fees for baggage or other services they select, based on clear, complete and simple-to-understand information.


text:
<Local guitar prodigies Connor Kennedy, Jonny Klenk & "Mojo" Myles Mancuso
Alaska & the Aurora: pilgrimage to see the fabled Lights>
Community, Entertainment
Service of shadows
by Quinn O'Callaghan/ April 1, 2012 /Comments closed
Illustration by Will Dendis
The Reformed Church of Saugerties will host its fourth annual Tenebrae service April 5. The Tenebrae, also known as "The Service of Shadows," follows the last days of Christ's life in a haunting ceremony. Unlike the standard Passion Play, the Tenebrae leaves much to the imagination. The action happens behind a veil. This year's performance features a troupe of professional Broadway singers and actors, who will stage a reenactment of the betrayal, persecution, and crucifixion of Jesus in nine dramatic vignettes, accompanied by music.
In a time of sensory overload, the format works on the principle of "less is more."
"The people sitting in the church, the congregation, for most of the service, are almost in darkness," says Jones.
The church, lit only by candle, grows darker during the performance. After every act, a candle is snuffed out. By the time that the performance ends with the death of Jesus on the cross, only one candle, the Christ Candle, remains.
Once the actual performance is over, the Christ Candle is escorted from the church, only to be brought back inside to the front of the sanctuary, in a display of hopefulness for the resurrection of Jesus.
The performance doesn't pull any punches. The Christ Candle is its only image of hope. The Tenebrae service is powerful and emotionally hefty because it focuses on the humanity of Christ, portraying him in his simultaneously weakest and most glorious moment; Jeanne Jones, a professional acting veteran with years of Broadway experience, gets choked up just talking about it.
"When you're watching a play or a drama, something happening on a stage, you are removed from it. There's a wall there, and you see what's actually happening. In this case, a performance like a radio drama, you hear the voices around you, and you feel like you are one of the people right there in the event," says Jones. "That's why it's so, so deeply moving – because you are a part of it. It's a very dark story."
Reverend Terry O'Brien says the Tenebrae is "deeply powerful" because individuals have unique experiences. "Everyone envisions these characters differently in their own lives, and here they're being recreated for you. You hear the voices of these biblical characters coming to life. [The performance] takes people through a range of emotions, through the very deepest of feelings. It touches people at the core, and takes you on a journey. It's the breadth of emotions that we have in humanity. It's the worst of feelings, in that we go through that pain and suffering that Jesus went through, but in the end, we are taken by the love that is there as well."
The Tenebrae promises to be an emotionally dynamic, soul-stirring performance. The service will be performed at 7:30 p.m. on April 5, Maundy Thursday, at the Reformed Church of Saugerties on Main Street.
Gardiner volunteer honed her skills on national park issues
Historic Holsted House donated to Unison Arts Center
Community mourns Hudson Valley Repair Café founder John Wackman
At Woodstock clinic, vaccine demand eclipses supply

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text:
Q: Using R to Bin Data into Quartiles I am write a very simple if else loop to create a new variable that bins another variable into quartiles. This seems to be a very simple procedure, however the loop groups all of my data into the median and third quartile (which violates the definition of a quartile).
Here is the structure of my data:
> str(tmp)
Classes 'tbl_df', 'tbl' and 'data.frame':   435 obs. of  12 variables:
 $ CD112FP             : chr  "01" "02" "03" "04" ...
 $ State               : chr  "ALABAMA" "ALABAMA" "ALABAMA" "ALABAMA" ...
 $ Year                : num  2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 ...
 $ Alignment           : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ...
 $ State_Aligned       : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ...
 $ PercentFunding      : num  0.0658 0.29 0.6764 0.0174 0.047 ...
 $ fips                : chr  "01" "01" "01" "01" ...
 $ ssa                 : int  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NA 3 3 ...
 $ region              : int  3 3 3 3 3 3 3 NA 4 4 ...
 $ division            : int  6 6 6 6 6 6 6 NA 8 8 ...
 $ abb                 : chr  "AL" "AL" "AL" "AL" ...
 $ PercentFundingBinned: chr  "0.0625-0.1799" "0.0625-0.1799" "0.0625-0.1799" "0.0625-0.1799" ...

and this is the head of my data:
 head(tmp)
# A tibble: 6 x 12
  CD112FP State    Year Alignment State_Aligned PercentFunding fips    ssa region division abb   PercentFundingBinned
  <chr>   <chr>   <dbl>     <dbl>         <dbl>          <dbl> <chr> <int>  <int>    <int> <chr> <chr>
1 01      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0658 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
2 02      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.290  01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
3 03      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.676  01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
4 04      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0174 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
5 05      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0470 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
6 06      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0440 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799

I am using the following if else loop:
  tmp$PercentFundingBinned <- NULL
  if (tmp$PercentFunding >= quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.75)) {
    tmp$PercentFundingBinned <- paste0(round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.75), 4), "-",
                                       round(max(tmp$PercentFundingBinned), 4))
  } else if (tmp$PercentFunding >= median(tmp$PercentFunding)){
    tmp$PercentFundingBinned <- paste0(round(median(tmp$PercentFunding),4), "-",
                                       round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.75),4))
  } else if (tmp$PercentFunding >= quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.25)){
    tmp$PercentFundingBinned <- paste0(round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.25),4), "-",
                                       round(median(tmp$PercentFunding),4))
  } else {
    tmp$PercentFundingBinned <- paste0(round(min(tmp$PercentFunding),4), "-",
                                             round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.25),4))
  }

and it returns the following category:
unique(tmp$PercentFundingBinned)
[1] "0.0625-0.1799"

Not sure what to do or how to fit it. This seems like its should be a really easy procedure. Any advice helps, thank you!

A: I suggest you don't need ifelse at all.
tmp <- read.table(header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE, text="
  CD112FP State    Year Alignment State_Aligned PercentFunding fips    ssa region division abb   PercentFundingBinned
1 01      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0658 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
2 02      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.290  01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
3 03      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.676  01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
4 04      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0174 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
5 05      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0470 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799
6 06      ALABAMA  2011         0             0         0.0440 01        1      3        6 AL    0.0625-0.1799       ")
quants <- quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, c(0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1))
quants
#      0%     25%     50%     75%    100%
# 0.01740 0.04475 0.05640 0.23395 0.67600
cuts <- cut(tmp$PercentFunding,
            quants, include.lowest = TRUE, dig.lab = 4,
            labels = sprintf("%0.04f-%0.04f", head(quants, n = -1), quants[-1]))
cuts
# [1] 0.0564-0.2339 0.2339-0.6760 0.2339-0.6760 0.0174-0.0447 0.0447-0.0564 0.0174-0.0447
# Levels: 0.0174-0.0447 0.0447-0.0564 0.0564-0.2339 0.2339-0.6760

Granted, this is a factor, but that can easily be converted with as.character if needed.
tmp$PercentFundingBinned <- as.character(cuts)

A: I'd highly recommend you always pay attention to warnings.
You shall not use if when dealing with vectors, because, as displayed in the warning, only the first element will be used:
> if(c(TRUE, FALSE)) 1 else 2
[1] 1
Warning message:
In if (c(TRUE, FALSE)) 1 else 2 :
  the condition has length > 1 and only the first element will be used
> if(c(FALSE, TRUE)) 1 else 2
[1] 2
Warning message:
In if (c(FALSE, TRUE)) 1 else 2 :
  the condition has length > 1 and only the first element will be used

What happens in your case is : the first value is 0.0658, so the if determines it's in the bin 0.0625-0.1799. And because you assign one value to a vector, that value is assigned to each element of the vector.
Instead you can use ifelse:
tmp$PercentFundingBinned <- ifelse (
  tmp$PercentFunding >= quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.75) ,
  paste0(round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.75), 4), "-",
         round(max(tmp$PercentFundingBinned), 4)),
  ifelse(tmp$PercentFunding >= median(tmp$PercentFunding),
         paste0(round(median(tmp$PercentFunding),4), "-",
                round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.75),4)),
         ifelse(tmp$PercentFunding >= quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.25),
                paste0(round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.25),4), "-",
                       round(median(tmp$PercentFunding),4)),
                paste0(round(min(tmp$PercentFunding),4), "-",
                       round(quantile(tmp$PercentFunding, 0.25),4))
         )
    )
)

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text:
A Major League Soccer de 2014 foi a 102ª temporada de futebol sancionada pela FIFA nos Estados Unidos e no Canadá, a 36ª como primeira divisão nacional na América do Norte e a 19ª temporada da MLS. Esta foi a última temporada do Chivas USA, que foi comprado pela própria MLS para que no futuro seja rebatizado e volte a jogar com um estádio próprio na área metropolitana de Los Angeles.

Mudanças
 A partir desta temporada, o comitê executivo da Concacaf aprovou a alteração na quantidade dos clubes da liga para a Liga dos Campeões da CONCACAF, uma das 4 vagas outorgadas, mudou a vaga do vice-campeão da MLS Cup pela melhor equipe da conferência Leste/Oeste na posição oposta ao campeão da MLS Supporters' Shield.
 LifeVantage se firmou como o novo patrocinador para a camiseta do Real Salt Lake.
 Chivas USA foi vendido aos dirigentes da Major League Soccer, a espera de um novo nome, escudo e proprietários para a temporada 2017.
 Leidos foi anunciado como o novo patrocinador para a camiseta do D.C. United.
 Pela primeira vez na história da liga, se implementará a regra do gol fora de casa nos playoffs.
 Ciao Telecom foi anunciado como o primeiro e novo patrocinador para a camiseta do Colorado Rapids.

Curiosidades
 A temporada de 2014 registrou a média de público de 19.151 pessoas por partida, a maior média da MLS até então.
 Foi a última temporada com 19 equipes. Em 2015 a liga passou a contar com 20 clubes.
 Foi a última participação de Landon Donovan como jogador. Em 7 de Agosto de 2014, o meia anunciou a aposentadoria no fim da temporada, abandonando a modalidade com 32 anos, ao sagrar-se campeão da liga.

Clubes

Estádios

2014
Desporto nos Estados Unidos em 2014
Desporto no Canadá em 2014
2014 no futebol

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text:
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Requests;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class PagesController extends Controller
{
    public function getHome()
    {
        return view('pages.home');
    }

    public function getAbout()
    {
        return view('pages.about');
    }

    public function getContact()
    {
        return view('pages.contact');
    }
}

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