Health & Safety can be complex, but it's extremely important to get your head around it. With the cost to UK businesses of injury and ill health caused by workplace incidents at a staggering £14.3 billion per year, it's a matter that can't be ignored.
As an employer you have a responsibility to protect the Health & Safety of your workers, and the laws are in place to ensure that employees can go about their day-to-day business without coming to any harm. That said, if you're a small, low-risk business, it doesn't need to be complicated or expensive.
You can achieve best Health & Safety practice for your workforce in 2019, by following these six simple steps.
It's not essential to start your Health & Safety management program from scratch every year, but taking a fresh look at the overall picture of H&S in your workplace can help highlight what is and isn't working. Think about how many accidents or cases of illness you had last year, and how does this compare to the previous year? How seriously do your line managers take the issue of Health & Safety? Plus, are your staff aware of both your and their obligations to help ensure a safe working environment? Gathering some basic information will help you assess how effective your current program is and what steps you need to take to improve it. If you are the leader of the business you have a responsibility to ensure H&S is being managed, controlled and Monitored, ask yourself " am I confident this is the case" if not take action.
Contrary to what many people think, risk assessments are not required for every single day-to-day activity. But it is important to review what you are doing on an ongoing basis, particularly if the nature of your operations has evolved. Review your risk assessments and ask if there have been any significant changes in activities, are there areas that need improvement or have any accidents or near misses brought to light any weaknesses? Make sure you publish these risk assessments to the staff they relate to or the people exposed to the hazards. Lastly use the risk assessment to generate a safe system of work and make these available also.
A written Health and Safety policy is only required if you have five or more employees, although even if your business is smaller, it's an excellent way of communicating your commitment to Health & Safety and your legal obligations. It should clearly define who is responsible, what is required and how Health & Safety is managed within the business. And, if you already have one in place, when was the last time you read your H&S policy? It might be time to review your policy and make sure it's still applicable to your business, and reflects any recent changes in your operations, work premises or workforce. Review it, update it as necessary and sign and re-date it each year.
Each year, employers have to deal with a number of new pieces of legislation and changes to existing legislation. The HSE provides advance notice of all the upcoming amendments which need to be adopted by businesses and, over time, incorporated into your Health & Safety policy. Although it can be a little daunting to face a long list of often confusing legal jargon, there is no excuse for not keeping abreast of new developments. However, a specialist Health & Safety consultant can take the burden away from you and ensure that any relevant legislation changes are incorporated into your Health & Safety management. Ignorance of the law is not a defence so ensure you know what applies to your business.
One of the easiest ways to help avoid workplace accidents is by providing training that is relevant for the activities being undertaken – it will also ensure you are fulfilling your legal obligation to protect your staff.
Review your training records to date, and make sure they're all up-to-date. Identify who requires specialist training to undertake their role safely and who could do with a refresher training course. For instance, address who works at heights, deals with manual handling, or needs to made aware of asbestos safety, and consider your fire warden and first aiders.
But it's not all about safety. Mental health in the workplace is a hot topic that gained an increasing amount of coverage in the media during 2018. Untreated mental health illnesses, such as depression and anxiety cost businesses in terms of reduced production levels and absence. The benefits of having a happy and healthy workforce far outweigh any investment that would be needed into wellbeing initiatives, helping to improve your employees' wellbeing at work.
These are all fairly simple tasks to undertake to make sure your Health & Safety house is in order for 2019. It doesn't need to be complicated or take up valuable management time, but remember you do have a legal obligation to provide a safe working environment. Whatever you do, don't put your employees at risk and make sure your Health & Safety management is refreshed and relevant.


text:
Q: Drawing in turtle graphics I am trying to parse a file into a list and then use turtle graphics to draw the shapes in the list. I managed to parse the file and return it as a list successfully, however, when I try to use turtle graphics to draw the shapes in the file I get an error. Here is the code:
list_of_shapes = parser.parse(local_file_name) # this will parse the file into a list
drawer = Turtle_Draw_Shape_Controller()
drawer.draw_shapes(list_of_shapes)

Once I try to use turtle graphics to draw the pictures, I get this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Volumes/shapes.py, line 206, in <module>
    drawer.draw_shapes(list_of_shapes)
  File "/Volumes/shapes.py", line 184, in draw_shapes
    shape_type = shape.get_shape_type()
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'get_shape_type'

A: Your shape parser function is adding tuples to the shapes_list, e.g.:
shapes_list.append(("c",cir))

You're then trying to use those directly as shapes. Either change the parser to just append the shape itself: shapes_list.append(cir), or unpack the shape object from the tuple before using it in your draw method:
for shape_type, shape in shapes:

I'm not sure why you'd attach the types externally to begin with if each shape object already has a get_shape_type method.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
In 2019, Purim begins at sundown on Wednesday, March 20.
Must-Know Purim Words and Phrases
The Book of Esther
In 2019, Purim begins at sunset on Wednesday, March 20, and ends at sundown on Thursday, March 21.
The Background of Purim
The story of the joyous holiday of Purim might appear somber at first glance: It tells of the near-destruction of the Jewish people as decreed by Haman, an adviser to the Persian King Ahasuerus.
However, Ahasuerus' newly crowned queen, Esther — who replaced Vashti when she was thrown out of the kingdom — is secretly a Jew.
Due to her courage and her eventual role in saving the Jews, the story of Purim is known as "Megillat Esther," or the Scroll of Esther.
What to Do on Purim
There are several common practices on Purim:
* We give gifts to poor people.
* We read the megillah, the Purim story.
* We eat a festive meal, or seudah.
* We give food gifts, called mishloah manot, to our friends.
*We eat hamantaschen, triangle-shaped cookies named for the villainous Haman. Learn how to make them in this video or find more than 20 hamantaschen recipes on our food blog, The Nosher.
Other Purim Activities
Many people dress up in costume, following the theme of Purim as a holiday of disguise where nothing is quite as it seems. Synagogues and communities hold plays and festivals specifically for the day. Traditionally, a noisemaker or gragger is sounded when Haman's name is said aloud during the megillah reading; today some people have instituted a new practice of waving a celebratory flag when Esther's name is recited.
How Much Do You Know?
Think you know everything about Purim? Check out these 9 Things You Didn't Know About Purim. Take a Purim quiz, or take this quiz to find out which kind hamantaschen you are!
Purim 101
Purim is a joyous holiday that celebrates the saving of the Jews from a threatened massacre in ancient Persia.
A History of Purim
How this festival became a time for merriment and satire.
The Esther/Vashti Purim Flag
The new tradition of waving a flag when Esther and Vashti's names are mentioned celebrates the triumph of these Purim heroines.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Tags Racism
Tag: racism
Joe Biden on racism: White people 'can never fully understand'
Associated Press - September 16, 2019
Visiting a black church bombed by the Ku Klux Klan during the civil rights era, Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden framed current...
Michael Cohen expected to claim lying, racism and cheating by Donald...
Associated Press - February 26, 2019
President Donald Trump's former personal lawyer, Michael Cohen, is expected to give a behind-the-scenes account of what he will claim is Trump's lying, racism...
Jefferson County School Board member Donna Pike apologizes for social media...
Elizabeth Patton - June 14, 2018
Irondale-Republican and Jefferson County School Board member Donna Pike is apologizing for social media post that some have deemed racist. On Tuesday, Pike found herself...
Birmingham's Randall Woodfin takes a stand against racism in his city
In 1963, Birmingham, Ala. was a KKK stronghold. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went so far as to describe it as America's worst city...
U.S. Court of Appeals denies Gardendale school split, cites racial reasons
Elizabeth Patton - February 14, 2018
A federal appeals court on Tuesday denied the city of Gardendale, Ala.'s request to secede from Jefferson County Schools to form its own system. The...
Apryl Marie Fogel - January 26, 2018
Thinking about the Hoover High School teacher who used the N-word in her classroom last week, which follows the University of Alabama expelling Harley Barber for...
Harley Barber expelled from University of Alabama for racist rants, removed...
Elizabeth Patton - January 17, 2018
University of Alabama (UA) has officially expelled a student for a series of racist video rants that surfaced and went viral Tuesday afternoon. UA President Stuart Bell confirmed...
"I don't care if it's MLK Day (n-word)": racist video rants...
Officials at the University of Alabama are investigating a student after she recently posted multiple videos on social media where she used the n-word repeatedly among...
National lynching memorial and slavery museum sets open date in Alabama
The original capital of the Confederacy, a city once mired in racism, will soon redefine its legacy when it opens the nation's first memorial dedicated to lynching...
'Put the Panic back in Hispanic' pep rally sign causes outrage...
Elizabeth Patton - September 18, 2017
A photo from an Alabama high school football pep rally on Friday has stirred up controversy across the internet over the weekend. Posted on social...


text:
Cutler, A., & Farrell, J. (2018). Listening in first and second language. In J. I. Liontas (Ed.), The TESOL encyclopedia of language teaching. New York: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0583.
Listeners' recognition of spoken language involves complex decoding processes: The continuous speech stream must be segmented into its component words, and words must be recognized despite great variability in their pronunciation (due to talker differences, or to influence of phonetic context, or to speech register) and despite competition from many spuriously present forms supported by the speech signal. L1 listeners deal more readily with all levels of this complexity than L2 listeners. Fortunately, the decoding processes necessary for competent L2 listening can be taught in the classroom. Evidence-based methodologies targeted at the development of efficient speech decoding include teaching of minimal pairs, of phonotactic constraints, and of reduction processes, as well as the use of dictation and L2 video captions.
Cutler, A., & McQueen, J. M. (2014). How prosody is both mandatory and optional. In J. Caspers, Y. Chen, W. Heeren, J. Pacilly, N. O. Schiller, & E. Van Zanten (Eds.), Above and Beyond the Segments: Experimental linguistics and phonetics (pp. 71-82). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Speech signals originate as a sequence of linguistic units selected by speakers, but these units are necessarily realised in the suprasegmental dimensions of time, frequency and amplitude. For this reason prosodic structure has been viewed as a mandatory target of language processing by both speakers and listeners. In apparent contradiction, however, prosody has also been argued to be ancillary rather than core linguistic structure, making processing of prosodic structure essentially optional. In the present tribute to one of the luminaries of prosodic research for the past quarter century, we review evidence from studies of the processing of lexical stress and focal accent which reconciles these views and shows that both claims are, each in their own way, fully true.
Cutler, A., & Clifton, Jr., C. (1999). Comprehending spoken language: A blueprint of the listener. In C. M. Brown, & P. Hagoort (Eds.), The neurocognition of language (pp. 123-166). Oxford University Press.
Cutler, A. (1999). Foreword. In Slips of the Ear: Errors in the perception of Casual Conversation (pp. xiii-xv). New York City, NY, USA: Academic Press.
Cutler, A. (1999). Spoken-word recognition. In R. A. Wilson, & F. C. Keil (Eds.), MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences (pp. 796-798). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cutler, A. (1999). Prosodische Struktur und Worterkennung bei gesprochener Sprache. In A. D. Friedrici (Ed.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie: Sprachrezeption (pp. 49-83). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Cutler, A. (1999). Prosody and intonation, processing issues. In R. A. Wilson, & F. C. Keil (Eds.), MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences (pp. 682-683). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cutler, A. (1990). Exploiting prosodic probabilities in speech segmentation. In G. Altmann (Ed.), Cognitive models of speech processing: Psycholinguistic and computational perspectives (pp. 105-121). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cutler, A. (1990). From performance to phonology: Comments on Beckman and Edwards's paper. In J. Kingston, & M. Beckman (Eds.), Papers in laboratory phonology I: Between the grammar and physics of speech (pp. 208-214). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mehler, J., & Cutler, A. (1990). Psycholinguistic implications of phonological diversity among languages. In M. Piattelli-Palmerini (Ed.), Cognitive science in Europe: Issues and trends (pp. 119-134). Rome: Golem.
Cutler, A. (1979). Beyond parsing and lexical look-up. In R. J. Wales, & E. C. T. Walker (Eds.), New approaches to language mechanisms: a collection of psycholinguistic studies (pp. 133-149). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Cutler, A., & Norris, D. (1979). Monitoring sentence comprehension. In W. E. Cooper, & E. C. T. Walker (Eds.), Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merrill Garrett (pp. 113-134). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.


Users who can see multiple domains have the option to select record values from a domain that is different than the record's domain.
For example, service desk agents working for a managed service provider might want to assign certain incidents to themselves to resolve issues on behalf of their customers. When they do this, the incident Assigned to field might contain a user from the MSP domain, even though the incident record itself is associated with a child domain such as ACME.
Selecting a record value from another domain does not change the record's domain. The record retains its original domain. When a user views a record with values from multiple domains, the user's domain visibility determines what they see.
See reference field display value. For example, sees the user name in the Assigned to field.
See the related record from reference icon. For example, sees the user record for the user in theAssigned to field.
Select values from any visible domain. For example, can select users from either the MSP and ACME domains.
See the reference field display value. For example, sees the user name in the Assigned to field.
Only select values from the record's domain. For example, can only select user's from the ACME domain.


The bath mat 2 piece set exhibits a cool and contemporary orange colour and plain design that can be incorporated into a swish modern bathroom. This eye-catching bathroom mat is crafted from 100% polyester that is durable, plush and both interesting to look at and comfortable for wet feet after a bath or shower. Get this machine washable 50cm x 80cm size bath mat and give your bathroom an adorable style.


text:
Seattle/King Co
By Todd Myers / July 29, 2011
Freedom (Not Mandates) Is Our Best Hope For a 'Greener' Future
I have a bumper sticker on my desk that reads "I'm an environmentalist, but NOT the anti-human, collectivist kind." In Washington state, too many believe that to be one you must be the other. In fact, however, wherever we look, we see people working in a free market doing more for environmental sustainability than politicians and government programs. Unfortunately, much of our current environmental approach sees the only solution coming from collectivist approaches like public transit and sees humans, and especially human freedom, as the enemy.
As we celebrate his birthday, we can also celebrate Milton Friedman's fundamental commitment to the reality that even as politicians tell us we cannot make progress on environmental stewardship without them, individuals in a free market system are already doing it.
Perhaps Milton Friedman's greatest insight is recognizing the power of free and voluntary interactions between people to improve lives and find ways to be better stewards of resources. Those voluntary interactions exist whether we recognize them or not, even when politicians might wish to stifle them.
As Friedman notes in Capitalism and Freedom, even as McCarthyism sought to blacklist some for their views, the power of people's desire to make quality films allowed one blacklisted writer to win an Academy Award using a nom de plume. Jim Crow laws in the south are another example of politicians using the power of government to limit voluntary interactions between people.
A similar pattern emerges with environmental policy. Politicians promise their schemes will yield benefits but when they fail, those same politicians push for more of the same – at the expense of individual liberty.
The City of Seattle claims success in meeting the Kyoto Protocol's carbon reduction targets but quietly admits that "economic factors," i.e. individual efforts to save energy, rather than government regulations created the reduction. Metro buys soy diesel to cut carbon emissions in its buses, only to dump it a year later when it turned out the cost was too high and it didn't help the environment. And rather than allowing school districts to find the best way to cut energy costs, legislators required schools to meet a cookie cutter "green" building standard the legislature's own auditor says costs more than it saves.
Perhaps the area where Milton Friedman would have most to say about the green movement is in the claim that "green" jobs will create prosperity. When visiting China, Friedman watched as laborers worked to build a dam with shovels and picks. He asked why they weren't using modern equipment. When his Chinese hosts explained that this was a jobs program, Friedman responded "Then why aren't they using spoons?" Green jobs work in a similar way.
Greens brag that it takes more labor to produce a kilowatt hour of green energy than traditional energy. This is like bragging that banning tractors would create more agricultural jobs. Workers would be poorer, prices would be higher, but politicians could claim they created more "jobs."
Indeed, we could probably create an even greater number of green jobs by putting those workers on a treadmill to create "renewable" energy.
Despite a record of failed environmental policies, some see the solution as more government intervention, not less.
For example, in her book Green Gone Wrong, Heather Rogers laments the fact that there isn't "social control of capital," saying the failure of environmentalism to make a bigger impact is due to the lack of government power to make decisions for the planet. Ironically, she also laments the failure of the Indonesian government to protect mangrove swamps in that country, saying the political leaders side with big companies rather than indigenous peoples. Her philosophy comes down to something like "the government should be in control of key decisions, except when it shouldn't." Indeed, this is the only philosophy those who believe in government power can have. They can only make it up as they go, hoping the imposition of this regulation or law will work out better than the last and assuming the very people who often turn out to have their personal interests in mind, not the planet's, will make good decisions.
People in a free market consistently do better than politicians because they can harness the creativity of millions of people, each looking to reduce the amount of energy and resources they use, rewarding those who come up with the best solutions.
This pro-human approach, respecting the voluntary choices of individuals and their relationships with each other, is not only more successful, it is more moral.
Each of us has an incentive to use as few resources as possible to attain the lifestyle we want to live. We don't want to waste energy, food or resources because such waste is antithetical to the efficiency that is central to a free market approach.
It is why an economic mindset is so critical to offering the environmental amenities we in the Evergreen State love. Environmentalism is born of a concern about scarce resources. Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources. What could be a better match?
It is why environmentalism should leave the government-heavy mindset of the 1970s behind, and honor the contributions Milton Friedman made not only to human freedom and prosperity, but to future environmental sustainability.
This year we celebrate not another year of the man, perhaps, but another year of the man's ideas that make such a difference for people and the planet.
Guest contributor Todd Myers is Director of Washington Policy Center's Center for the Environment. He is one of the nation's leading experts on free-market environmental policy and is the author of Eco-Fads: How the Rise of Trendy Environmentalism is Harming the Environment, Five Years of Environmental Policy: Are We Making a Difference; Promoting Personal Choice, Incentives and Investment to Cut Greenhouse Gases, and more. Todd's in-depth research on the failure of the state's 2005 "green" building mandate continues to receive national attention. Todd holds a Master's degree from the University of Washington.
Categories: Friedman Friday, National, Washington Tags: #FriedmanFriday, eco-fads, environmental policy, green movement, Happy Birthday Milton Friedman, Todd Myers
Todd Myers
Todd Myers served in the executive team at the Washington State Department of Natural Resources. He has been working in environmental politics for more than a decade.
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340B: The little known (but indispensable) program in the quest to find more and better COVID vaccines
Op-Ed | Our Elected Leaders Must Come Together to Fight COVID-19
Op-Ed | For Educators, the Way Back Into the Classroom Begins with Thinking Outside the Box
A Twitter List by NWDailyMarker
By Nansen Malin
National, Washington
By Laura Stump
By Bryan Myrick
Will the First Trump-Biden Debate Matter? Yes, Maybe, and it Depends.
National 2 years ago
Op-Ed | Are Liberals Really Trying to Save the Day, or Make Some Political Hay?
National, Top of the Marker 2 years ago
Column | The Media, We and I Owe the Covington Catholic Student an Apology
Commentary | Find a Long-Term Solution to Net Neutrality
GOP should ignore the Democrats Goldilocks game-playing and move ahead on meaningful tax reform
Roy Moore co-authored a course that taught women should not run for office
By Brett Malin
Head of State Teachers' Union: If Every Student is Behind, "No One is Behind"
By Jan Angel
Op-Ed | Pellicciotti's Cheap Partisan Antics Are At the Expense Of Successful Women In Finance
By Mark James
Op-Ed | Washington's Recycling Opportunity
Seattle/King Co, Top of the Marker
King County GOP Set to Decide Who Will Take the Reins in the Post-Sotelo Era
Fairness or Politics? Washington State Democrats Should (But Will Not) Seek a Better Way in Dealing with Allegations Against Fain. #MeToo
New Medicare rule hastily puts rural hospitals at stake
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Former Seattle homeless man to the city: Shack encampments are hurting the homeless | Op-Ed
Around the NW, Eastern WA, National, Seattle/King Co, Washington, Western WA, World
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This dress is pretty. At first I was very skeptical about what would it look like when I finally have the item in the mail. Because it happened to me many times, that the photo online and the physical picture of the product is way too different.
I am happy to see that what you've seen in the photo online it is what you actually received. I am impressed and now I don't return the product because I am satisfied with what I get.
I picked X-Large because it's the only available size they have for the design and the color purple floral that I want. It first just right, but a little bit big, one thing I like so my body can breath.
The fabric is high quality, it is not thin but instead soft and you need to iron it because of the kind of the fabric it is. I did and no more wrinkles after I washed it. I like the vivid roses and the color of the flowers and design.
The zipper on the back is invisible, easy to zip and unzip. I did not experience any trouble at all. The sewing is properly done too, I did not see any thread hanging. I feel very comfortable while wearing the dress last Father's Day.
For the price of Price: $19.99, I picked X-Large because it is the only size they are available for the design and Color: Purple Floral I like.
Choies Women's Garden Floral Tie Waist Sleeveless Skater Dress can be purchased throught Amazon.com.
I love the colors, probably because black and purple are two of my most favorite ones. It's the perfect dress for the summer as well. Awesome choice!


Everyone knows that Vermont is great for winter sports, whether it's downhill or cross country skiing, snowboarding, ice skating or snowmobiling. But did you know how much there is to do the rest of the year?
How about visiting 1 of Vermont's spectacular State Parks? There's swimming, hiking, fishing, boating, canoeing, bicycling... And of course there are many challenging Golf Courses!
If that's not your idea of a vacation, visit the many shops, galleries or Antique Shops in Ludlow or the surrounding towns. There are many other nearby attractions including historical homes, museums, and churches. You can tour a winery or a brewery. You can see how cheese and syrup are made. There are alpine slides and scenic chairlift rides, summer music festivals and theater productions.
to a great day of skiing at Okemo!
try it at Jackson Gore!
It's only 3 miles away!
from the high speed quad to the top of Okemo!


text:
Goulston & Storrs Add Two Lateral Attorneys to Boston Team
January 3, 2023 – Press Releases
Goulston & Storrs, an Am Law 200 firm, is pleased to announce that Erek Sharp and Joshua Bearce have joined the firm as counsel and associate respectively. Sharp brings over 20 years of experience as an employee benefits and executive compensation lawyer to his new counsel role. Bearce has eight years of experience in probate and fiduciary litigation.
Sharp joins the firm's Corporate Group from an Am Law 200 firm in New York, and will continue to focus his practice on executive compensation and employee benefits, including advising clients on pre- and post-closing benefits and compensation issues related to corporate and M&A transactions. He regularly advises public, private, and tax-exempt companies, as well as senior executives and governing boards, in connection with their transactional, compensation/total reward, and benefit plan implementation, compliance and termination-related needs and goals. Sharp also has substantial experience in the qualified retirement plan space, and regularly provides counsel with respect to defined contribution plans (i.e., 401(k), profit sharing, and 403(b) plans) and defined benefit plans, including establishment, compliance, and termination related issues arising under ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code, and other applicable laws. He received his J.D. from the University of Maine School of Law in 1998 and his B.A. from the University of Maine in 1995.
Bearce joins Goulston & Storrs' Litigation Group from one of New Hampshire's largest law firms, where he counseled clients on all aspects of probate and fiduciary litigation in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He will continue to focus his practice on probate and fiduciary litigation, including will and trust challenges involving allegations of undue influence, incompetency, and fraud; breach of fiduciary duty and removal actions; contested accountings; trust and estate property disputes; and other probate and fiduciary litigation matters. He also represents individuals, families, and corporate fiduciaries, as trustees, personal representatives, administrators, and beneficiaries. He received his J.D. from Boston University School of Law in 2014 and his B.A., magna cum laude, from Suffolk University in 2011.
"We are thrilled to have these two highly-skilled attorneys join our corporate and litigation groups," said Martin Fantozzi, Co-Managing Director of Goulston & Storrs. "We are always looking for talented laterals who are a good fit for our unique collaborative and service-based culture. Both Erek and Joshua will be excellent additions to our team."
Erek M. Sharp
Joshua H. Bearce


text:
Q: Como chamar uma função da ASPX page em outro projeto? Como chamar uma função da ASPX page em outro projeto?
Ao clicar em inserir chamo um projeto para fazer as regras de negocio, em certo momento preciso chamar uma função C# que está na pagina e depois do retorno dessa função continuar na
fazendo as regras de negocio.
como chamo essa função?

A: Ola.
Para que isso possa ocorrer, será preciso referenciar o seu projeto (não solution) na sua BLL.
Porem, caso você já tenha feito a referencia da BLL na sua aplicação, o VS não irá permitir.
Uma solução que utilizo muito é manter o máximo possível dos métodos na BLL, mesmo que sejá algo específico, assim, caso precise utilizar no aspx ou na própria BLL, basta chamar ela normalmente.
Espero ter ajudado!!!

A: Você poderia passar o método a ser chamador para a BLL como um delegate, e então usar o delegate para chamar o método.
Exemplo:
Código da BLL:
public void RegraInserir(Action metodo)
{
    metodo(); // chamando o método passado na forma de delegate
}

Código da página:
public void buttonInserir_Click(EventArgs e)
{
    businessLayer.RegraInserir(this.Metodo);
}

private void Metodo()
{
    // método que será chamado pela BLL
}


Friday, 18 January 2019, 8:37a.m.
A new diet is being hailed as "life-saving" by experts, but there's a catch...you can only eat red meat once a week.
That's as much red meat people should eat to do what's best for their health and the planet, according to a report seeking to overhaul the world's diet.
Associate professor at Massey Universty, Carol Wham, told Tim Dower this will be a real reality check for people.
"What it is doing is saying globally this is what we might need to reach by the year 2050."
"For us in New Zealand, it's about moderating our meat, it's about primarily reducing excessive consumption and what it says instead, is that we need to double our consumption of fruit, vegetables [and] things like legumes and nuts which we really eat insufficient amounts of."
"Our dietary fibre intakes are woefully low so eating a more plant-based diet has huge benefits for us."
She said it's all about "moderation over time" and getting creative with how you cook.
"There's nothing like slicing up the BBQ meat to put on Thai beef salads and things like that."
Wham said while New Zealand isn't the focus of the study, it's still important we do our bit.
"This is just looking globally at what it has to look like if we are going to have a sustainable system in the future and health of people and the planet."
"We can't keep going the way we are, we have got such an epidemic of obesity. In the US for example, they produced twice the amount of food than they need to eat."


The editors of GQ have selected their picks for The 21 Documentaries from the 21st Century Everyone Should See. Ones I've seen and recommend: The Fog of War, No Direction Home, The Two Escobars, Grizzly Man, Going Clear, Capturing the Friedmans, The Jinx, Citizenfour, and O.J.: Made in America. I would consider adding Zero Days and Making a Murderer to the list.


Grab a couple of dumbbells and sit on a military press bench or a utility bench that has a back support on it as you place the dumbbells upright on top of your thighs.
Clean the dumbbells up one at a time by using your thighs to bring the dumbbells up to shoulder height at each side.
Rotate the wrists so that the palms of your hands are facing forward. This is your starting position.
As you exhale, push the dumbbells up until they touch at the top.


Abstract - Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium, commonly called S. Typhimurium, can cause intestinal infections in humans and various animal species such as swine. To analyze the host response to Salmonella infection in the pig we used an in vivo gut loop model, which allows the analysis of multiple immune responses within the same animal. Four jejunal gut-loops were each inoculated with 3 108 cfu of S. Typhimurium in 3 one-month-old piglets and mRNA expressions of various cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors, antimicrobial peptides, toll like and chemokine receptors were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the Peyer's patch and the gut wall after 24 h. Several genes such as the newly cloned CCRL1/CCX-CKR were assessed for the first time in the pig at the mRNA level. Pro-inflammatory and T-helper type-1 (Th1) cytokine mRNA were expressed at higher levels in infected compared to non-infected control loops. Similarly, some B cell activation genes, NOD2 and toll like receptor 2 and 4 transcripts were more expressed in both tissues while TLR5 mRNA was down-regulated. Interestingly, CCL25 mRNA expression as well as the mRNA expressions of its receptors CCR9 and CCRL1 were decreased both in the Peyer's patch and gut wall suggesting a potential Salmonella strategy to reduce lymphocyte homing to the intestine. In conclusion, these results provide insight into the porcine innate mucosal immune response to infection with entero-invasive microorganisms such as S. Typhimurium. In the future, this knowledge should help in the development of improved prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against porcine intestinal S. Typhimurium infections.


text:
1 Arnold Bode's first plan for documenta
2 Bauhaus artists at the first documenta
3 A Comparison of Visual Identity
4 Bauhaus artists at the second documenta
5 Bauhaus ideas for the Kassel Werkakademie in the postwar period
6 Kassel in the 1920s — contacts to the Bauhaus
7 Applied art and design — relations to Bauhaus ideas
8 Arnold Bode's contacts in Berlin in the early 1930s
9 Bauhaus artists at the third documenta
#a Werner Haftmann, the gray eminence of documenta
#b Bauhaus artists in photo portraits
#c Bauhaus architectures in photo portraits
#d Ludwig Grote and the Bauhaus
#e Fritz Winter — From Bauhaus to documenta
#f Hans Soeder and the reformation of the Kassel Art Academy
#g The göppinger galerie in Frankfurt
#h Arnold Bode as a designer
#i The Rasch Wallpaper Factory
#j The Städtische Werklehrer-Seminar in Berlin
#k The Kroll Opera in Berlin
#l The case of Wagenfeld
#m Primary colors and shapes at the Bauhaus
Birgit Jooss
Applied art and design — the first three documenta exhibitions and their relation to Bauhaus ideas
From the very outset, Arnold Bode wanted to document the unity of the fine and applied arts at the documenta exhibitions, as the Bauhaus had already done in the prewar period. But for the time being, documenta was limited to paintings and sculptures.
His feeling for good design, however, was revealed in his widely acclaimed stagings. The fact that he had worked intensively as a furniture designer, a surface designer for wallpaper and plastic sheets, and a scenographer for trade fairs and design exhibitions in the 1950s had a positive effect on documenta.
The Rotunda of the Museum Fridericianum with tapestries by Jean Lurcat and Fritz Winter, documenta 2, 1959
Upper floor of the rotunda with tapestries by Jean Lurcats and Fritz Winters, second documenta, 1959
© documenta archiv / Photo: Günther Becker / Fondation Lurcat / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2019
Fritz Winter: «Komposition 56» (1956)
© documenta archiv / Photo: Günther Becker / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2019
From the very outset, Arnold Bode had expressed the desire to document the unity of the fine and applied arts at the documenta exhibitions, as the Bauhaus had already done in the prewar period. His affinity for the artistic results and productive practices there arose from his understanding of art, which coincided with the Bauhaus's idea that art must unfold a social impact. He shared with the Bauhaus the vision of a better, more humane, fairer society, to which a comprehensive environmental design could make a decisive contribution.
But contrary to his wishes, it was not possible to integrate exhibits from the fields of applied art and design at the first documenta 1/9. Still, the exhibition staging achieved remarkable results. Bode demonstrated an unusual, deliberately reduced aesthetic with the legendary "göppinger plastics" as light-filtering curtains and room dividers, metal frames that served as picture holders, Heraklith panels, unplastered, white-painted masonry, and a reduction to black and white. This stood in contrast to the aesthetics during the time of the so-called economic miracle and he perhaps drew on the simplicity of the prewar period
more about Arnold Bode
more about the Bauhaus Dessau
Index: Organizations
more about the documenta 1
Arnold Bode's first plan for documenta
In the exhibits, on the other hand, only the traditional academic arts were featured: painting and sculpture 2/9. Although Bode and his companions may have envisioned the Bauhaus as a reference model, the selection of exhibits did not offer any concrete examples of a modern "shaping" of life. The fundamental concern of the Bauhaus, to unite art and crafts or, from 1922-23, art and technology, was not at the center of the first documenta. Manifestations in the form of product and graphic design, film, photography, and the stage were missing. Bode and his employees did not create unity in the sense of a Gesamtkunstwerk nor of a parity of the arts, nor did they penetrate or even abolish art in order to transfer it to life.
In the 1950s, Bode had worked particularly intensively as a furniture designer, as a designer of wallpaper and plastic sheets, as a scenographer for trade fair and design exhibitions, as a teacher at the Werkakademie in Kassel, and as a design critic and member of important design associations#i. Bode only met the ideal of the penetration of art and design with one "plaything" parallel to the first documenta: In his activity as curator for the "göppinger galerie" in Frankfurt#g.
For the second documenta, Arnold Bode again endeavored to expand the arts. But again without result. Only one non-academic genre was added, which, however, received a very prominent place. In the central staircase of the rotunda of the Fridericianum, a small group of large-format knitted carpets was shown, including one created by Bauhaus student Fritz Winter.
more about the göppinger galerie Frankfurt
more about the Museum Fridericianum
more about Fritz Winter
Bauhaus artists at the first documenta
#i
The Rasch Wallpaper Factory
Die göppinger galerie in Frankfurt
Ground floor of the Museum Fridericianum, front left the sculpture "Negertrompeter" (1950) by Gerhard Marcks, first documenta, 1955
© documenta archiv / Photo: Hilmar Deist / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2019
Exhibition view of the Museum Fridericianum, including the works »Konstruktion« (1937) by Max Bill and »Fenster« (1929) by Josef Albers, first documenta, 1955
© documenta archiv / Photo: Erich Müller / Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2019
Paintings by Oskar Kokoschka and a sculpture by Ernesto de Firori with göppinger plastics as a material for spatial design at the first documenta, 1955
Chagall-Saal, göppinger plastics as a material for spatial design at the first documenta, 1955
Beckmann-Saal, göppinger plastics as a material for spatial design at the first documenta, 1955
It was not until 1964 that documenta 3 positioned itself within the debates on design with a special exhibition. It opened late on August 22, 1964 at the Staatliche Werkkunstschule and received its own exhibition publication: in addition to "Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture" and "Volume 2: Drawings," there was "Volume 3: Industrial Design, Graphics." In the accompanying catalog, Bode spoke of "penetrating peripheral areas," which documenta was now getting involved in.
The special show was the responsibility of the graphic artist Jupp Ernst, director of the Staatliche Werkkunstschule Kassel. Already during his directorship at the Werkkunstschule Wuppertal, he had endeavored to integrate fine art into design education and, at the same time, from 1951, established one of the first institutes for industrial design. Ernst had been a member of the documenta Council since 1963 and in this function was also active in the Industrial Design and Graphic Design Working Committee. It was in this function that he set up the special show.
The Industrial Design department showed works from the field of technical industrial design, such as capital goods and office machines, flanked by large-format photographs of bridges, machines, trains, etc. Ernst thus reached the level of the Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm, which had changed direction at the end of the 1950s and was planning an expansion of the Bauhaus concept into current design areas. At the same time, he took up discussions that were a focus of Werkbund circles as well as many design institutions that were newly created in the postwar period. Former Bauhaus teacher Wilhelm Wagenfeld and Bauhaus student Herbert Hirche, whose works were exhibited in Kassel in 1964, also had a decisive influence on post-1945 design and its updated discourses8/9#m.
The handling of applied art and design is therefore a vivid indicator of how the Bauhaus was negotiated as a model by the makers of the first documenta exhibitions. The autonomy of painting and sculpture guaranteed in artistic abstraction seemed to Bode—like many protagonists of postwar modernism—to ensure a higher-quality spirituality beyond everyday political events. One of the main opportunities that the Bauhaus identification model offered its followers, the ability to shape life itself, was missing in the early documenta exhibitions with the restriction to visual art.
more about Jupp Ernst
more about the documenta Council
more about the Deutscher Werkbund
more about Wilhelm Wagenfeld
more about Herbert Hirche
Arnold Bode's contacts in Berlin in the early 1930s
Primary colors and shapes at the Bauhaus
Kassel in the 1920s — contacts to the Bauhaus
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text:
\section{Introduction}
\lettrine[
  loversize=0.2,
  lines=2,
  findent=0.2em,
  nindent=0.03em,]{\textbf{O}}{NE} of the key enablers of millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is beamforming \cite{6736750}. Due to the high directivity, the beam between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) must be aligned. However, the misalignment of the beam may occur when the UE is mobile. The beam tracking methods were proposed to solve the misalignment by updating the beam steering direction toward the signal~\cite{7905941,8025577}. They are expected to suffer from the high mobility of the UE due to the narrow beam. Therefore, the method to alleviate the performance degradation induced by the high mobility is crucial for a seamless mmWave beam tracking.

The beamwidth control schemes which can alleviate the influence of the high mobility were proposed in \cite{BWA_60ghz,BWA_Design, BWA_Beamsweeping}. For the higher mobility, the transmitter radiates a wider beam which is pre-set in the codebook~\cite{BWA_60ghz}.
In~\cite{BWA_60ghz}, it assumes that the mobility of the UE is known, which is usually unavailable in practice.
Also, the beamwidth control under a vehicular environment was proposed in \cite{BWA_Design, BWA_Beamsweeping} which allocate the optimal beamwidth for each section on the road based on given velocity of the UE. However, these schemes are not suitable for the Bayesian tracking framework.

In this paper, we propose an adaptive beamwidth control for mmWave beam tracking, where the mobility of the UE is unknown. The particle filter-based beam tracking updates the beam steering angle, and the AoA estimation error is approximated by a posterior distribution generated by the particles. Based on the error approximation, the beamwidth is adaptively adjusted by the partial activation of the antenna array.
The simulation results compare the proposed algorithm with the existing particle filter-based tracking~\cite{7511857} to confirm the performance improvement under the high mobility of the UE.

\section{Signal and Channel Model}\label{system model}
We assume that the uniform linear array (ULA) is used on the BS while one omni-directional antenna is used on the UE. For an uplink scenario, the BS and the UE serve as a receiver and a transmitter. It is known as a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) system. The steering vector of the ULA, $\mathbf{a}(\phi,M)$, is
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\label{steer_vec}
    \mathbf{a}(\phi,M) = [1,e^{j\pi\cos\phi},\ldots,e^{j\pi(M-1)\cos\phi}]^T \in \mathbb{C}^{M\times 1},
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\phi$ denotes the AoA from UE, and $M$ is the number of active antennas, which is an argument controlling the beamwidth in the BS. The spacing between adjacent antennas is set to half wavelength.

The SIMO channel at the $k$-th time slot, $\mathbf{h}_{k}$, can be given as
\begin{equation}\label{channel_model}
    \mathbf{h}_k=\sum_{l=1}^{L}\alpha_{k}^{l}\mathbf{a}(\phi_{k}^{l},{M}_{k-1}) \in \mathbb{C}^{{M}_{k-1} \times 1},
\end{equation}
where $L$ is the number of paths, $\alpha_{k}^{l}$ and $\phi_{k}^{l}$ respectively are the channel gain and the AoA of the $l$-th path, and ${M}_{k-1}$ is the number of active antennas determined at the $(k-1)$-th time slot by the adaptive beamwidth control.

The received signal is discretely sampled to yield the $d$-th sample at the $k$-th time slot, ${z}_k[d]$, where
\begin{equation}\label{rx_signal_one_sample}
\begin{split}
    {z}_k[d] =\mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})^{H} \mathbf{h}_k {q}[d]+\mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})^{H}\mathbf{n}.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
$\mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})$ is the receive beamforming vector with $M_{k-1}$ active antennas, and its direction is set to $\hat{\phi}_{k-1}$ which is the steering angle of the beam determined by the beam tracking procedure at the $(k-1)$-th time slot.
$q[d]$ is the $d$-th sample of the unit-energy pilot signal and $\mathbf{n}\sim \mathcal{CN}(\mathbf{0},N_{0}\mathbf{I})$.
Letting the $D$ measurement samples are used for tracking,
the received signal at the $k$-th time slot, $\mathbf{z}_{k}$, is
\begin{equation}\label{rx_signal}
\begin{split}
    \mathbf{z}_k &=[{z}_{k}[1],{z}_{k}[2],\ldots,{z}_{k}[D]]\\&=\mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})^{H} \mathbf{h}_k \mathbf{q} + \mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})^{H}\mathbf{N} \in \mathbb{C}^{1 \times D},
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{q} = [q[1], q[2], \ldots, q[D]] \in \mathbb{C}^{1 \times D}$, and satisfies such that $\mathbb{E}[\mathbf{q}\mathbf{q}^{H}]=1$. $\mathbf{N} \in \mathbb{C}^{{M}_{k-1} \times D}$ is a noise matrix which is a set of independent noise vectors.
Assuming the use of a massive array, an analog beamformer consisting solely of a phase shifter is used when the practical issues are considered \cite{5447703}. Under this assumption, $\mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})=\mathbf{a}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})$.

\begin{figure}[!t]
    \psfrag{a}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{Analog to digital converter}
	\psfrag{b}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{Antenna}
	\psfrag{c}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{Activated}
	\psfrag{o}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{Deactivated}
	\psfrag{d}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{Switch}
	\psfrag{e}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{Phase shifter}
	\psfrag{s}[Br][bc][0.7][0]{Combiner}
	\psfrag{g}[Bc][bc][0.6][0]{$1$}
	\psfrag{j}[Bc][bc][0.6][0]{$2$}
	\psfrag{n}[Bc][bc][0.6][0]{$3$}
	\psfrag{y}[Bc][bc][0.6][0]{$M_k$}
	\psfrag{i}[Bc][bc][0.6][0]{$M_k+1$}
	\psfrag{i5}[Bc][bc][0.6][0]{$M_k+2$}
	\psfrag{i6}[Bc][bc][0.6][0]{$M_0$}
    \includegraphics[width=0.93\columnwidth,right]{./figure/array_updated_9.eps}
    \caption{The control of the antenna array for the beamwidth adjustment.}
    \label{array}
\end{figure}

Since the beam is steered to the direction of the line-of-sight (LOS) signal from the UE, and the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal tends to be 10-20 dB weaker than the LOS signal~\cite{6387266}, we assume that the signals from the NLOS paths can be neglected. Then, $\mathbf{z}_{k}$ can be approximated as
\begin{align}\label{rx_signal2}
\begin{split}
    \mathbf{z}_{k} \approx
    &\underbrace{\alpha_{k} \mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})^{H} \mathbf{a}(\phi_{k-1},{M}_{k-1}) \mathbf{q}}_{\textrm{Signal}} +\\ &\underbrace{\mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k-1},{M}_{k-1})^{H}\mathbf{N}}_{\textrm{Noise}},
\end{split}
\end{align}
where $\alpha_k=\alpha_{k}^{1}$ and $\phi_k=\phi_{k}^{1}$, which denote the channel gain and the AoA of the LOS signal.

At the $k$-th time slot, the beam tracking and the adaptive beamwidth control are executed based on $\mathbf{z}_{k}$ to update $\hat{\phi}_{k}$ and ${M}_{k}$. For the beam tracking, the particle filter is used to obtain $\hat{\phi}_{k}$ which is the estimation of $\phi_{k}$. Then, the beamwidth is adjusted by the partial activation of the array as shown in Fig. \ref{array}. The number of active antennas cannot exceed the total number of antennas $M_{0}$, and only the antennas on the edge of the array can be deactivated to maintain the equal spacing between adjacent antennas. For a large AoA estimation error, the beamwidth is widened to mitigate the drop of the received signal strength induced by the beam misalignment.
Since the sharpness of the beam is proportional to the number of active antennas, the proposed beamwidth control selects a smaller value for ${M}_{k}$ as the AoA estimation error becomes larger.

By using (\ref{rx_signal2}), the receive SNR obtained after the beam tracking and the adaptive beamwidth control at the $k$-th time slot can be denoted as
\begin{equation}\label{SNR_SIMO}
\begin{split}
    \gamma_{k}&=\frac{\mathbb{E}[( \alpha_{k} \mathbf{w}_{k}^{H} \mathbf{a}_{k} \mathbf{q} )( \alpha_{k} \mathbf{w}_{k}^{H} \mathbf{a}_{k} \mathbf{q})^{H}]}{\mathbb{E}[( \mathbf{w}_{k}^{H} \mathbf{N})  (\mathbf{w}_{k}^{H} \mathbf{N})^{H}]}\\&= \frac{\left\vert \alpha_{k} \right\vert^2} {N_{0}} \frac{ \mathbf{w}_{k}^{H} \mathbf{a}_{k} \mathbf{a}_{k}^{H} \mathbf{w}_{k}}{\mathbf{w}_{k}^{H}\mathbf{w}_{k}}=\frac{\left\vert \alpha_{k} \right\vert^2}{N_{0}} \frac{\left\vert \mathbf{w}_{k}^{H} \mathbf{a}_{k} \right\vert^{2}}{{M}_{k}},
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k},{M}_{k})$ and $\mathbf{a}(\phi_{k},{M}_{k})$ are respectively shortened to $\mathbf{w}_{k}$ and $\mathbf{a}_{k}$. Excluding the constants in (\ref{SNR_SIMO}), $\gamma_{k}$ is dependent to $\hat{\phi}_{k}$ and ${M}_{k}$, which are the outputs of the beam tracking and the adaptive beamwidth control.

\section{The Proposed Adaptive Beamwidth Control for mmWave Beam Tracking}\label{BWA_AIDED}
\subsection{Particle Filter-based Beam Tracking}\label{PFTracking}
The state model for the particle filter-based beam tracking, $\mathbf{x}_{k}=[\alpha^R_{k},\alpha^I_{k},\phi_{k}]^{T}$,
where $\alpha^R_{k}$ and $\alpha^I_{k}$ respectively are the real and the imaginary part of the channel gain $\alpha_k$.
Discrete time stochastic evolution model is given by $\mathbf{x}_{k}=\mathbf{F}\mathbf{x}_{k-1}+\mathbf{u}$, where $\mathbf{F} \approx \mathbf{I}$, assuming the period between adjacent time slots is sufficiently small~\cite{7511857}. The process noise, $\mathbf{u}\sim\mathcal{N}(\mathbf{0},\mathbf{\Sigma_{u}})$, where $\mathbf{\Sigma_u}=\textrm{diag}[\sigma_{\alpha^{R}}^{2},\sigma_{\alpha^{I}}^{2},\sigma^2_{\phi}]$. Since $\mathbf{u}$ denotes the variation of the channel from the prior time slot, it grows in proportion to the mobility of the UE.

The particle filter generates $S$ random particles as
\begin{equation}\label{propagation}
    \mathbf{x}_{k}^{s}\sim \mathcal{N}(\mathbf{F}\mathbf{x}_{k-1}^{s},\mathbf{\Sigma_{u}}), \; \textrm{for} \; s=1,\ldots,S,
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{x}_{k}^{s}$ denotes the $s$-th particle. The weights of the particles are given by
\begin{equation}
    w_{k}^{s} = w_{k-1}^{s} \mathcal{L}(\mathbf{z}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k}^{s}),\; \textrm{for} \; s=1,\ldots,S,
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{L}(\mathbf{z}_{k}|\mathbf{x}_{k}^{s})$ is the likelihood of $\mathbf{z}_{k}$ given $\mathbf{x}_{k}^{s}$. The weights are then normalized to satisfy such that $\sum_{s=1}^{S} w_{k}^{s}=1$.
For ensuring the diversity of the particles, they undergo resampling step~\cite{PF}.
After the resampling, the estimated state can be yielded as
\begin{equation}
    \hat{\mathbf{x}}_{k}= \sum_{s=1}^{S}{w_{k}^{s} \mathbf{x}_{k}^{s}},
\end{equation}
where the steering angle of the beam is updated to $\hat{\phi}_{k}$.

\begin{figure}[!t]
    \centering
    \psfrag{a}[Br][bc][0.7][0]{UE}

	\psfrag{e}[Br][bc][0.7][0]{2. AoA error}
	\psfrag{v}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{$\mathbf{x}_{k-1}$}
	\psfrag{m1}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{$M_{k-1}$}
	\psfrag{m2}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{$M_{k}$}
	\psfrag{c}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{$\mathbf{x}_{k}$}
	\psfrag{o}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{$\hat{\mathbf{x}}_{k}$}
	\psfrag{b}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{3. Adaptive beamwidth control}
	\psfrag{f}[Br][bc][0.7][0]{BS}
	\psfrag{g}[Bc][bc][0.7][0]{\shortstack[l]{1. Estimate AoA using particle filter}}
    \includegraphics[width=0.94\columnwidth]{./figure/final4.eps}
    \caption{The schema of the beamwidth control-aided tracking.}
    \label{BWA+tracking}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Adaptive Beamwidth Control}\label{ACB}

When the AoA estimate deviates from the true signal direction as much as the signal cannot be captured within the beamwidth,
the received signal strength will significantly drop yielding the communication failure.
The proposed beamwidth control can prevent such failure by adaptively widening or narrowing the beamwidth as shown in Fig. \ref{BWA+tracking}. The beamwidth is determined by the degree of the AoA estimation error which is explained as follows.

The mean squared error of the AoA estimate at the $k$-th time slot given the measurement $\mathbf{z}_{k}$ is represented and approximated as
\begin{equation}\label{cond_var}
\begin{split}
\mathbb{E}[(\phi_{k}-\hat{\phi}_{k})^{2}|\mathbf{z}_{k}] &= \int{(\phi_{k}-\hat{\phi}_{k})^{2}p(\phi_{k}|\mathbf{z}_{k})}d\phi_{k} \\
       &\approx \sum_{s=1}^{S}{w_{k}^{s}(\phi_{k}^{s}-\hat{\phi}_{k})^{2}}.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The approximation is possible with the particle samples that are used in the tracking algorithm~\cite{PF}.
We define the root mean square error (RMSE) of the AoA estimate as
\begin{equation}\label{app_part}
   e_{k}=\sqrt{\sum_{s=1}^{S}{w_{k}^{s}(\phi_{k}^{s}-\hat{\phi}_{k})^{2}}},
\end{equation}
as it will be used in the following derivation.

$M_{k}$ which denotes the beamwidth at the $k$-th time slot is obtained such that it maximizes the receive SNR $\gamma_{k}$. Thus,
\begin{equation}\label{Object_Func}
M_k =\argmax_{M}\frac{| \mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k},M)^{H} \mathbf{a}({\phi}_{k},M) |}{\sqrt{M}}, \; \textrm{s.t.} \; M >0.
\end{equation}
As shown in Appendix \ref{app1}, the maximization can be be reformulated as follows.
\begin{equation}\label{Object_Func2}
\begin{split}
M_{k}=\argmax_{M}\left|\frac{\sin (\pi M (\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})/2)}{\sqrt{M}\sin (\pi (\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})/2)}\right| , & \\ \textrm{s.t.} \; M > 0.&
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The solution for (\ref{Object_Func2}) is given as
\begin{equation}\label{result}
{M}_{k}=\frac{2.330}{\pi \left| \cos\hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos{\phi_{k}} \right|},
\end{equation}
where its derivation is shown in Appendix \ref{app2}.

Note that $M_{k}$ cannot be calculated as shown in (\ref{result}) since the true $\phi_{k}$ is unknown in practice. We assume that $\phi_{k}$ is approximated as $\hat{\phi}_{k}+e_{k}$ or $\hat{\phi}_{k}-e_{k}$ with an equal probability.
Then, $M_{k}$ is now
\begin{equation}\label{final}
\begin{split}
    &{M}_{k}=\\&\left\lfloor {\frac{1.165/\pi}{\left\vert \cos(\hat{\phi}_{k})-\cos(\hat{\phi}_{k}+e_{k}) \right\vert}+ \frac{1.165/\pi}{\left\vert \cos(\hat{\phi}_{k})-\cos(\hat{\phi}_{k}-e_{k}) \right\vert}}\right\rceil.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The rounding is applied in (\ref{final}) to make $M_k$ an integer value, where $\left\lfloor(\cdot)\right\rceil$ denotes the rounding of the argument.
For a small $e_{k}$, ${M}_{k}$ may become larger than $M_{0}$, then the entire array elements will be activated to have the finest beamwidth.

\section{Simulation Results and Discussion}\label{simulation}
\begin{table}[!t]
  \begin{center}
    \caption{Simulation parameters}
    \label{tab:per}
    \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c}
    \toprule
     Parameter &$\alpha_0$ & $\phi_0$ & $\sigma_{\alpha}^{R},\sigma_{\alpha}^{I}$ & $\sigma_{\phi}$ & $10 \log\gamma_{0}$  \\ \midrule
     Value&$(1+j)/{\sqrt{2}}$ & $90^{\circ}$ & 0.1 & $1.0^{\circ}$ & 20 dB  \\
     \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
   \end{center}
\end{table}
We compared the performance of the proposed algorithm with the particle filter-based tracking without the adaptive beamwidth control~\cite{7511857}. SIMO system is considered, and the BS receives the signal with 64 antennas. The number of samples used for the tracking, $D$, and the number of the particles, $S$, are set to 5 and 1000 respectively.
To simulate a high mobility of the UE, the parameters which dictate the variation of the channel, $\sigma_{\alpha}^{R}$, $\sigma_{\alpha}^{I}$, and $\sigma_{\phi}$, are set larger than those in~\cite{7905941,8025577,7511857}. The other parameters are given in Table \ref{tab:per}.

\begin{figure}[!t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{./figure/1.0tracking.eps}
    \caption{The correlation between the number of active antennas, the approximation of (\ref{app_part}), and the absolute AoA estimation error during the beamwidth control-aided tracking.}
    \label{tracking}
\end{figure}
As shown in Fig. \ref{tracking}, the number of active antennas is inversely proportional to the AoA estimation error. For the beamwidth widening, more antennas are deactivated as the AoA estimation error increases, whereas antennas up to 64 are activated for the small error to reconstruct the fine beam. Also, it is shown that the approximation of (\ref{app_part}), which is drawn from the particles has a strong correlation with the absolute AoA estimation error.

\begin{figure}[!t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{./figure/RMSE.eps}
    \caption{RMSE results of the beamwidth control-aided tracking and the particle filter-based beam tracking. A total of 1000 Monte Carlo runs are used for the RMSE calculation.}
    \label{RMSE}
\end{figure}

Fig. \ref{RMSE} shows the RMSE of the AoA estimate over the time. It is clearly demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperforms the particle filter-based tracking without the adaptive beamwidth control in terms of RMSE.
The result confirms that the adaptive beamwidth control successfully improves the AoA tracking under the high mobility of the UE.

However, the chance of the tracking failure still exists due to the excessive AoA variation, in which the signal direction goes beyond the current beamwidth.
Once the beam fails to capture the signal from the UE, the estimation error starts to diverge since there is no received signal to use for the state estimation.
In this case, it is possible that the particle error approximation can be poor, which leads to the overall performance degradation. Still, the proposed algorithm is an effective solution for the beam tracking in the high mobility scenarios.

\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we have proposed an adaptive beamwidth control which complements the mmWave beam tracking. The particle filter is applied for the beam tracking, and the AoA estimation error is approximated by a posterior distribution derived from the particles. The beamwidth control is implemented by the partial activation of the antenna array, and the optimal number of active antennas is derived by maximizing the receive SNR.
Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm presents a notable tracking improvement compared to the existing particle filter-based beam tracking under the high mobility.

\begin{appendices}
\section{Derivation of (\ref{Object_Func2})} \label{app1}
The objective function of (\ref{Object_Func}) can be expressed as the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT).
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
    \label{DTFT1}
    \frac{\left\vert \mathbf{w}(\hat{\phi}_{k},M)^{H} \mathbf{a}({\phi}_{k},M) \right\vert}{\sqrt{M}}&= \left|\sum_{m=0}^{M-1} \frac{1}{\sqrt{M}} e^{-j m\pi (\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})}  \right|\\&=\left|\sum_{m=0}^{M-1} \frac{1}{\sqrt{M}} e^{-j \Omega m}  \right|,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\Omega=\pi(\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})$.
The problem corresponds to applying DTFT to a rectangular pulse with $M$ samples, whose amplitude is $1/\sqrt{M}$. Thus, the following equalities can be obtained.
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\left|\sum_{m=0}^{M-1} \frac{1}{\sqrt{M}} e^{-j \Omega m}\right|&=
\left|\frac{\sin (M \Omega/2)}{\sqrt{M}\sin(\Omega/2)}\right| \quad \quad \\&=
\left|\frac{\sin (\pi M (\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})/2)}{\sqrt{M}\sin (\pi (\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})/2)}\right|.
\end{split}
\end{equation}

\section{Derivation of (\ref{result})} \label{app2}
We define $c(M)$ as the objective function of (\ref{Object_Func2}) as follows.
\begin{equation}
  c(M)=\left|\frac{\sin (\pi M (\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})/2)}{\sqrt{M}\sin (\pi (\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})/2)}\right|.
\end{equation}
Finding the local maximum points of $c(M)$ can be represented as
\begin{equation}
\frac{d c(M)}{dM}=\frac{1}{\sin (\Omega/2)} \left[ \frac{\cos{(M \Omega/2)}}{2\sqrt{M}}-\frac{\sin{(M \Omega/2)}}{2(\sqrt{M})^{3}} \right]=0,
\end{equation}
where $\Omega=\pi(\cos \hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos \phi_{k})$. It can be reformulated as follows.
\begin{equation}\label{tan}
\tan \left( \frac{\pi (\cos\hat{\phi}_k-\cos\phi_k)}{2} M \right)= \pi (\cos\hat{\phi}_k-\cos\phi_k)M,
\end{equation}
where its roots can be obtained by using Newton-Raphson method. $M$ which maximizes $c(M)$ can be represented as
\begin{equation}\label{tan_root}
\frac{\pi (\cos\hat{\phi}_k-\cos\phi_k)}{2} M= \pm 1.165.
\end{equation}
Since $M$ is constrained to a positive number, and the sign of $(\cos\hat{\phi}_k-\cos\phi_k)$ is unknown, $M_{k}$ can be represented as
\begin{equation}
{M}_{k}=\frac{2.330}{\pi \left| \cos\hat{\phi}_{k}-\cos{\phi_{k}} \right|}.
\end{equation}
\end{appendices}

\ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff
  \newpage
\fi

\bibliographystyle{ieeetr}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Thor takes no-no into 6th in Wild Card gem
Mets righty strikes out 10 over 7 scoreless innings vs. Giants
By Mark Bowman
NEW YORK -- Presented with the challenge of opposing one of the most successful postseason pitchers baseball has ever known, Noah Syndergaard proved why the Mets have come to fully appreciate his ability to dominate in aggressive fashion while harnessing his emotions like a seasoned veteran.The physically intimidating Syndergaard displayed
NEW YORK -- Presented with the challenge of opposing one of the most successful postseason pitchers baseball has ever known, Noah Syndergaard proved why the Mets have come to fully appreciate his ability to dominate in aggressive fashion while harnessing his emotions like a seasoned veteran.
The physically intimidating Syndergaard displayed his moxie in impressive fashion, as he was not deterred by the pressure of matching against Madison Bumgarner in a win-or-go-home National League Wild Card Game at Citi Field on Wednesday night. He carried a no-hit bid into the sixth inning of the most influential start of his young career, then had to watch helplessly as the Giants advanced with a 3-0 win that came courtesy of Conor Gillaspie's three-run homer in the ninth off closer Jeurys Familia.
"He stepped up when we needed him," manager Terry Collins said. "He stepped up last year when we needed him. He's grown so much, even though he's still very, very young. He's grown so much and matured so much as a pitcher. He's going to be really, really good."
Bumgarner added to his legend and lowered his career postseason ERA to 1.93 as he tossed a four-hit shutout that included 119 pitches (78 strikes). His performance was nearly matched by that of Syndergaard, who notched 10 strikeouts and limited the Giants to two hits over seven scoreless innings.
"I think the only thing that shocked me before the game was I was aware of how calm I was," Syndergaard said. "I thought the emotions would be a little juiced, but up until game time, I was pretty calm, and I was convincing myself it was the same game and not a [must-win] situation."
With this loss, the Mets bid adieu to a season in which they overcame adversity to reach the postseason thanks to the steadying dominance provided by Syndergaard, who recorded a 2.65 ERA after the All-Star break and anchored a rotation decimated by injuries.
"He rose to the occasion," Collins said. "That's why I think he's going to be very special, because you can't be a lot better [than Syndergaard was] when you're challenged in these situations. He did a great job."
As Syndergaard progressed through the early stages of his fourth career postseason start, it was quickly apparent that he had the potential to do something special. He initially struggled to find a feel for his slider, but his incredible heater helped him strike out five of the first eight batters he faced and prove perfect until he issued consecutive walks to begin the fourth.
Eight of the 20 fastballs Syndergaard threw during the first two innings were clocked at 99 mph. His slider touched 93 mph a few times during this span.
"That was the best outing he's had when I caught him this year," catcher René Rivera said. "His intensity was focused, and all of his first pitches were great. He did a great job today."
Syndergaard's no-hit bid was erased when Denard Span singled with two outs in the sixth inning. Span then stole second base, but he was stranded when Curtis Granderson crashed into the center-field wall to rob Brandon Belt of a go-ahead extra-base hit.
After Syndergaard stranded two more baserunners in the seventh, he was removed with his pitch count at 108 -- 10 below the career high he tallied on July 31, against the Rockies.
Gillaspie's homer off Familia denied Syndergaard the opportunity to celebrate his splendid effort, but his performance provided the baseball world further reason to believe he is capable of joining Bumgarner and those special few who have become October legends.
"That was as well pitched a game as you could possibly ask for," Mets right fielder Jay Bruce said. "He had everything going. It was really, really fun to watch. Obviously, we were on the losing end, and that's not how we wanted to end the season, but that baseball game, that was a playoff game."
Mark Bowman is a reporter for MLB.com.
Noah Syndergaard


Especially Needed provides resources and fun events to individuals with special needs and their families in the North Texas area. This non-profit is hosting it's 5th Annual Fall Carnival and Resource Fair on October 25th, 5pm to 8pm.
Last year over 300 families (approximately 1200+ individuals) attended Especially Needed's fall carnival and resource fair. Vendor tables for the resource fair are available and can be signed up for at www.especiallyneeded.org. Sponsorship opportunities are also available.
The special needs fall carnival and resource fair will be at Stonebridge United Methodist Church, 1800 S. Stonebridge Dr in McKinney.


text:
Андре́й Влади́мирович Тарасе́нко (11 сентября 1968, Новосибирск) — советский и российский хоккеист, правый нападающий, тренер хоккейного клуба «Сибирь». Мастер спорта России международного класса (1994).

Биография
Родился в Новосибирске. Отец — директор детской футбольной школы в Новосибирске, играл в футбол; мать — инженер-синоптик. В хоккейной спортшколе с 10 лет, начинал играть в воротах. Но уже через год тренеры перевели его на правый край нападения, видя в нем задатки форварда.

В юношеский период выступал за местные команды СКА и «Машиностроитель».

В 1989—1996 годах выступал за ярославское «Торпедо» (в сезоне 1992/1993 ненадолго уезжал в итальянский клуб «Ауронцо»); несколько лет был капитаном. В 1996—2001 годах выступал за тольяттинскую «Ладу», в 2001—2003 годах за новосибирскую «Сибирь», в 2003—2006 годах за карагандинский «Казахмыс».

С 2008 года являлся главным тренером хоккейного клуба «Сибирь» (Новосибирск). В декабре 2011 г. в связи с неудачным выступлением команды в регулярном чемпионате КХЛ был отправлен в отставку, но было предложено остаться в клубе в качестве старшего тренера..

В сентябре 2015 года свитер Андрея Тарасенко с номером 10 был поднят под своды ЛДС «Сибирь» в родном для тренера Новосибирске. Торжественная церемония состоялась перед матчем с «Локомотивом», в котором Тарасенко в полной мере раскрылся как игрок..

Достижения
 Участник Олимпийских игр 1994 года в составе сборной России (4-е место); первый игрок ярославского «Торпедо» на Олимпиаде.
 Участник Чемпионата мира 1995 года (5-8-е место).
 Победитель турнира на приз газеты «Известия» в 1993 и 1994 годах. В 1994 году признан лучшим игроком турнира и вместе с Микаэлем Ренбергом стал лучшим бомбардиром (6 очков).
 Самый ценный игрок Чемпионата России по хоккею с шайбой сезона 1997/98.
 Лучший бомбардир Чемпионата России по хоккею с шайбой сезона 1997/98.

Семья
 Супруга Инна, мастер спорта международного класса по горным лыжам.
 Старший сын — хоккеист НХЛ Владимир Тарасенко (род. 1991).
 Младший сын Валентин также занимается хоккеем в школе «Сибири».

Статистика

Клубная карьера

Международные соревнования

Главный тренер

Примечания

Ссылки
 Профиль на официальном сайте ХК «Сибирь»
 Статистика на сайте r-hockey.ru

Хоккеисты СССР
Хоккеисты России
Игроки сборной России по хоккею с шайбой
Хоккеисты на зимних Олимпийских играх 1994 года
Мастера спорта России международного класса
Хоккейные правые нападающие
Игроки ХК «Сибирь»
Игроки ХК СКА Новосибирск
Игроки ХК «Локомотив» Ярославль
Игроки ХК «Лада»
Игроки ХК «Торпедо» Нижний Новгород
Игроки ХК «Казахмыс»
Хоккейные тренеры России
Тренеры ХК «Сибирь»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A massive ball of fire keenly anticipating its apex.
A moderate chill shivering with fearing the sun at its height.
This entry was posted in Experimental poetry, experimental writing, Poetry and tagged automatic poetry, automatic writing, Experimental poetry, Poetry, semi-poetry, semi-prose, word doodle on December 5, 2016 by littlefletcherisms.


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1864, Congress voted to put the phrase "In God We Trust" on U.S. coins.
1914, Babe Ruth made his professional pitching debut, playing for the Baltimore Orioles. He shut out Providence, 6-0.
1915, New York Yankees uniforms featured pinstripes for the first time.


I took a trip with my family to The Living Desert in Palm Desert this past Labor Day Weekend and it was soooooo hot, at least 100 degrees, but felt hotter. There were some awesome animals like Giraffes, wild dogs, zebras, and a bat eared fox! We got some sweet pics so here they are.... enjoy! And if you live in Southern California or ever visit, it's a pretty fun place to go We got some good walking exercise, which was exactly what I needed since I was pretty sore from my workout with Eric Friday!
Me and my friend Dina walking around The Living Desert! It was sooo hot in Palm Desert! At least 100 degrees! Luckily we jumped in the pool as soon as we got home and ate some lunch!


Ghana coach, Kwasi Appiah, has expressed satisfaction with the performance of his fringe players after Saturday's 0-0 draw with Uganda in Kampala in a crucial 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier.
The ex-international was forced to field a depleted side after losing seven players to injuries.
The list included Captain Asamoah Gyan, Jonathan Mensah, Harrison Afful, Christian Atsu, Thomas Agyepong, John Boye and Afriyie Acquah.
Yet, his second-string side put up a good showcase and nearly grabbed the points at the Nelson Mandela Stadium- only to be denied by some poor refereeing decisions.
"I believe that both teams played very well, today. We created a lot of scoring opportunities," Appiah said in a post-match interview.
"There are some infringements it's difficult to see from the technical bench but I think later I will have the opportunity to look at the tape to see what really happened because there were some incidents you don't understand why the referee disallowed those decisions.
Ghana's chances of qualifying to Russia 2018 will be over if leaders Egypt draw or beat Congo on Sunday.


I have always wanted to travel to Morocco and an instagram friend, Jill in Italy, just spent a week there… loveliness!!!
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Museum to Marine Debris on the Huffington Post… this is incredible.
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The West African Regional Magazine (TWARM), based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has nominated the Metropolitan Chief Executive of Tamale, Musah Iddrisu Superior, for this year's Mayor of the year award.
The programme is to enable Africa's foremost business leaders to connect with potential investors from the Gulf States who are interested in exploring business opportunities in Africa.
This nomination comes in the wake of the mayor's efforts to instill discipline, improve sanitation and promote socioeconomic development in the Northern Regional capital.
The awards will be held on 24 August 2018 at the Golden Tulip Al Barsha in Dubai.
Reacting to the nomination, Mr Superior expressed excitement in an interview with ClassFM's Northern Regional correspondent Mohammed Gadafi and indicated that despite the challenges associated with the job, he has never relented on his pursuit to develop Tamale.
"Transforming the idea to the real output required a good deal of effort and various challenges came in the way. I was not alone though, I had my colleagues at TaMA, Assembly persons and the media who walked along with me and who provided huge support to the realization of what I envisioned," he said.


Description: This position requires performing duties associated with the daily care and welfare of children with severe emotional disturbances living in a residential treatment facility, including family and transitional support services. Duties: Provide a safe, warm, responsive, and nurturing environment Assist residents to de-escalate in an appropriate manner Consistently implement treatment and behavior plans Initiate or follow planned activities and participate in activities. Qualifications Must be 21+ years of age Minimum high school diploma, or equivalent Preference given to individuals with experience in working in mental health or with children who have severe emotional disturbances and their families.


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The name of this club is "Southwest Working Dog Association" and shall be known as such.
This club known as Southwest Working Dog Association, here after referred to as SWDA or "club" and was founded in November 2001.
The promotion of working dogs for the sport of Schutzhund, police work, search and rescue work as well as other working dog competitions and trials.
Support the use of dogs by police departments.
To interest and educate the public about Schutzhund, police dogs and search and rescue training.
To preserve the German Shepherd Dog in accordance with the USA Breed Standard as a working dog, to promote humane training methods for the working dog and to support responsible dog ownership and breeding practices.
To support members with other breeds in accomplishing their goals and objectives.
This club shall be conducted as a non-profit organization. All dues, levies and other income shall be disbursed to promote the objectives of the club, club related social activities, equipment and debts incurred by this club.
The club may be dissolved at any time by majority vote of the Executive Board Members and approval of the Training Director or at the decision of the Training Director. In such case, payment of all debts and liabilities of the club will be made, to include pro rated dues reimbursement to all active full members in good standing. Any remaining funds will be retained for use at the decision of the Training Director. Club equipment will remain in the control of the Training Director.
This person has attended club training secsessions an Applicant Member for up to six consecutive months. Their training dues are current and have been paid in a timely manner. They have the same training goals and objectives as this club. They commit to assist in club related activities / events, to train all three phases of schutzhund both on their own and with the club (tracking, obedience, protection) and to attend at least eighty percent (80%) of scheduled general club training for obedience and protection and attend at least one (1) scheduled general club tracking session out of every four (4) scheduled tracking sessions, they accept rotation in the training day food list, they adhere to all club rules and bylaws. They have signed a Hold Harmless / Liability Release pertaining to SWDA, members of SWDA and the property owners. Their full membership status has been unanimously approved by the board and approved by a majority vote of the general membership.
These members shall be entitled to attend board meetings, hold office when a board position becomes available when the board has approved them for such position. These members have full club privileges, to include a full vote in General Board Meetings and Issues, use of all club designated facilities during training times, use of club equipment, training assistance and direction by the Training Director and benefit in all advantages of this club.
This person has attended club training secession as an Applicant Member for up to six consecutive months. Their training dues are current and have been paid in a timely manner. They have the same training goals and objectives as this club but are unable to make the commitment needed to hold a Full member Status (ie; they have work or family commitments that would not allow them to attend at least eighty percent (80 %) of scheduled training sessions. They have a older or retired dog, they are not focused at this time in attaining a schutzhund title or similar reasons that would not allow them to meet the Full Member requirements). They commit to assist in club related activities / events, adhere to all club rules and bylaws. They have signed a Hold Harmless / Liability Release pertaining to SWDA, members of SWDA and the property owners. Their Associate membership status has been unanimously approved by the board and approved by a majority vote of the general membership. As an Associate Member they may only train with the club 1 session per month (twelve (12) times per year unless they are entered in a SWDA Event in which case they may train to prepare for the event starting 5 weeks prior to the event. The Associate Member must contact the club to inform them that they will be attending a training session. An Associate member is not on the food rotation list.
These members shall be appointed by the Board of Directors (officers), for those persons who have rendered valuable service to the club, the sport of Schutzhund, the German Shepherd Dog or a service dog organization. Honorary member status may be revoked at any time by a majority vote of the Board of Directors and approved by a majority vote of the general membership.
A non-club member who has no interest in joining the club, but would like to participate in a training secession or a prospective new Applicant member visiting the club to see if they have interest in applying for membership.
This person must contact a board member and request permission to visit and participate in a scheduled training session. The training director must approve these sessions. During these training sessions the Visitor will have use of the training field and limited use of club equipment. Training assistance and direction by the Training Director will be available upon request. A field and equipment fee may be required and is payable prior to training. All Visitors must sign a Hold Harmless / Liability Release pertaining to SWDA, members of SWDA and the property owners a Hold Harmless / Liability Release prior to the training session. Visitors can be asked to leave at any time during the training session if the Training Director feels their behavior is inappropriate. A Visitor will be limited to no more than three (2) consecutive visits without board approval.
A members club privileges have been suspended for a period of time to be determined by the board or until the board votes on the members continued club status. A member under suspension shall not be entitled to any of the privileges of a club member.
Any member may be suspended by a vote of the Board of Directors or the Training Director or automatically for major infractions as defined below, but not limited to listed infractions. A member on suspension may have their membership terminated by a majority vote of the Board Members and approved by a majority vote of the general membership or by decision of the Training Director without club approval.
Club dues will be due during the time of suspension.
Failure to pay club dues in a timely manner.
Failure to renew their USA Membership.
Failure to adhere to club rules and bylaws.
Inhumane or abusive treatment of a dog.
Failure to comply with safety requests of the Training Director.
A member's club status is terminated upon a majority vote of the Executive Board of Directors and approved by a majority vote of the General Membership or by decision of the Training Director with or without club approval.
A member's membership status does not need to be suspended prior to termination. A member may be terminated by a majority board vote at any time. Club dues will be reimbursed on a prorated basis after any member's club debts are settled.
Full Member - $ 350.00, per year, for one person and one dog.
$ 50.00 fee may be required for additional dogs (Training Directors' decision). Designated Club Helpers will receive a discounted membership (Training Directors decision).
with up to two dogs. A $75.00 dog fee may be required for each additional dog.
Applicant Member – $40.00, per month for up to six months. Membership dues will be required when membership is granted and months paid will be adjusted from yearly dues.
Visitor - $10.00, per session and an additional $5.00 per additional dog. A two-dog limit may be enforced.
Annual membership dues are payable when you join the club and annually by the 20th day of January. Members joining after the month of June will be charged half the annual dues.
Payments are to be made to the club Treasurer or in the absence of the Treasurer any Executive Board Member.
Failure to pay dues will result in suspension. Suspension for failure to pay dues may result in membership termination, based upon a board vote.
$75.00 assessment may be levied for each additional dog above the allowed number of dog(s) as described in your specific membership.
Payments are to be made to a Club Officer.
The membership may approve by a majority vote, the collection of general assessments, against the club members to meet the clubs financial obligations. General assessments for unforeseen expenses may be levied when approved by a majority vote of the general board.
Persons with unpaid assessments will have their membership placed on suspension.
The Training Director will over see and hold final approval / disapproval (Veto) of all actions of the Executive Board and the General Members. The Training Director will not sit on either board as a voting member.
The Executive Board of Directors shall exercise the control and management of the club affairs. The Executive Board of Directors will consist of the following positions.
All Executive Board Members have an indefinite term, however Board positions are reviewed annually. A Board member can be voted out of their position by the remaining Board members majority vote and with approval of the Training Director. A Board Member may be removed from their position by the Training Director. A Board member may at any time resign their position. Open Executive Board Member positions will be filled by nomination from the Training Director and a majority vote of the Executive Board / General Membership (all SWDA Members).
Board of Directors meeting date will be subject to board availability, meetings will be held no less then bi annually.
Board of Directors meetings shall be called by the President and shall proceed or follow regular general membership meetings and meetings shall be open to all club members.
The President or Training Director may call an unscheduled Board of Directors meeting.
The Executive and General Membership resolves all business by majority vote, all Board members must vote unless proxy is given. A majority of the Executive Officers being present at a meeting shall constitute a quorum to conduct regular business.
The Treasurer shall provide a profit and loss statement at each Board of Directors meeting.
All disbursements of club funds must be approved by a majority vote of the Executive Board of Directors.
The Board shall appoint committees to assist with club related activities and events.
Annually the Board shall evaluate the clubs financial status, dues structure and equipment needs.
The Executive Board of Directors shall determine training days and field availability.
The Executive Board shall review each member's membership annually and vote to continue a member's membership. To continue membership the Board must unanimously agree.
Training Director - will over see and hold final approval / disapproval (Veto) of all actions of the Executive Board and the General Membership. The Training Director will not sit on either board as a voting member. As Training Director he/she shall be responsible for maintaining all training equipment and ensuring the equipment is in good working condition. He/She will determine the clubs-training schedule. He/she will evaluate each dog's temperament, drives and eligibility for training. He/she will determine what phases of training the dog will be allowed to participate; he/she will evaluate the handler's level of skill. The member will only participate in phases of training when approved by the Training Director. The level and frequency of participation in protection work will be determined by the Training Director.
President – The President shall preside at all meetings of the club. He/she will be responsible to ensure that all other Board Members / Officers are adequately performing their functions. Oversee all advertising, mailings and promotional activities. Assign members duties to assist with the club events (trials, training seminars, ect.) maintenance & other club needs as they arise. The President working with the Vice President shall determine the need for and the scheduling of Club Meetings.
Vice President – The Vice President will assume the Presidents responsibilities in his/her absence. The Vice President shall greet all visitors and ensure all liability agreements are executed; fees are paid prior to training and control visitors location and movements at the training grounds. He/she shall provide hospitality, club information, training schedules, membership packets and provide education and promote positive relations with the interested public. The Vice President will assign the duties of secretary to a full member of the club, in the event no member is available to perform the duties of secretary the Vice President shall complete these duties. The Vice President will be responsible to ensure all paperwork is complete and accurate. He / She will act as contact person for all club activities.
Treasurer – The Treasurer will be a Full Member of the club and a club officer. He/she shall maintain current and accurate club accounts, ensure that all club debts are brought to the boards attention and paid in a timely manner. He/she must submit a financial report/ profit and loss statement at every board meeting. He/ She will disbursement of funds will be made by the treasurer or any other club officer on the account signature card. The board must approve the disbursements and a receipt for debts must be presented prior to payment. He/ she will ensure that all club dues and fees are collected in a timely manner and inform the board of any outstanding balances owed to the club. He/she shall collect and document all monies collected for equipment and refreshments.
The Executive Board of Directors can at any time, upon a majority vote recommend to the Training Director the need to make amendments to the Club By –Laws.
The current addition of "Sturgis" shall govern this association in all parliamentary situations that are not covered in the laws, or in these constitutions and by – laws, or adopted rules. In case of conflict between the provisions of the constitution and by – laws and the parliamentary provisions of "Sturgis" the provisions of this constitution and by – laws shall prevail as guidelines for resolution of situations that may arise.


Layered Haircuts . . . What type works best for you?
are In"Are you noticing a ton of layered hair styles lately, but wondering what type would fit you best? If so, I am here to help. Layered haircut styles are very popular lately for a variety of reasons. One reason being that layered hair cuts are very versatile, another reason is because many hairstyles require layers to lay just right. Here are some tips on how to find the perfect layered haircut for your hair.
Short layered haircuts add dimension to short hairstyles.
A long layered 'pixie' cut works well for those with short hair. If you currently have short hair and want to know what to do with it next, why not add in some long layers to add body and texture to your current style? I like layered haircuts like this one because it is a style that would suit almost anyone. You can be 20 or 80 and wear this haircut with style. If you are on the younger end of that spectrum, spice up this hairstyle with texturizing products to give your hair a piece-y look; and if you are on the older side of the spectrum, you can wear this hairstyle straight or add mousse to damp hair and blow dry with a small round brush for added volume.
Looking to do something fun with your long hair? Then try layers! Layers can add so much to a dull, long hairstyle. Long layered haircuts are perfect for those that don't want to give up their length, but want to try something new. Layers help to bring out body and movement on otherwise lackluster long hair. Scrunch in a sea salt spray to bring out natural waves in long layered haircuts or curl hair in small sections with the curling iron tilted vertically for beautiful curls a la Jessica Simpson.
If you are at an 'in-between' length with your hair, try adding a few layers to give you a fresh style without sacrificing the length. You can choose to add layered bangs, face-framing layers or just some light layering all over. There are plenty of layered haircuts to choose from for any hair type and length.
Keep in mind that if you have long or medium length thick hair, layered haircuts can help you to remove added bulk and refresh your style. Fine or thin hair can also benefit from layers, if your style is short already. Short layered haircuts can actually add bulk to fine hair by creating added volume and body throughout your style. Look through our website for pictures of layered haircuts to find one that is perfect for you! Stay up with all the happenings in hair trends by following our Pinterest Hair Trends Board.
July 27, 2012 By: Paul Lynn Leave your comments (1), Your input matters.