I'm only having a discussion, no need to take it so seriously. Most of what I say is said with a bucket of salt and of a hyperthetical nature.
Still can not understand why nobody at least acknowledged khazarkhum and Edgard Mansoor had valid points.
I don't thnk relying on everything scientists say is healthy. They can be very manipulative and selective in the way they interpret data. Infact it can be quite scary to realize that a lot of what we think is solid fact is really just someones perception or opinion. Afterall everything is based on theories and open to interpretation, especially in the sciences like Chemistry and Physics that this C-14 dating system is based on.
C-14 dating is not as reliable and accurate as you might think. It is based on a theoretical concept that C-14 was at constant levels in the atmosphere without taking into consideration the reality of natural variation or that C-14 is really only accuate for the small localised area where the original samples came from that were used to create the C-14 dating system and not necissarily applicable to what the situation is like elsewhere.
But if you want to allow the Mathematicians to hold onto their place as the high priests of our modern day society and use their percieved superiority to dictate to us what we should believe through their guise as scientists, in their secluded University labs behind closed doors, then that is your choice. But just remember Nefertiti was one of those who got tired of the high priests thinking they were above everyone and dictating from the seclusion of their temples and sought her own truth, which lead to us having this discussion all these years later.
... But just remember Nefertiti was one of those who got tired of the high priests thinking they were above everyone and dictating from the seclusion of their temples and sought her own truth, which lead to us having this discussion all these years later.
Oohh ... yes? Says who or what except you? Do you have her secret diaries or other relevant documents, allowing you such a statement??
That statement is no more farfetched than the theory the bust was used as an example to teach the art of carving the queen to specific specifications.
If I was teaching someone how to carve an eye I would not paint around the outside of it afterwards and conceal a lot of information about the process of carving it.
The Berlin bust lacks the downward pointing lips common in portriature from the later more natural period of art when the bust is supposed to have been manufactured. This is very obvious when you compare a photo of the statue of Nefertiti with the cap crown to the Berlin bust, as seen below. But because earlier portrays show them smiling and that they were inconsistent when it came to portraying this downward look it is impossible to use this as evidence of anything, expcept say it is an interesting observation that statues found in the same studio thought to be manufactured around the same time portray the Queen with two completely different expressions.
Although lets face it, the AE look completely different from one statue to another, despite it being of the same person, and were not consistent in their portrayls making it hard to say what is real and what is fake.
I'm tired of them, if their not portrayed with those silly smiles showing how detached they were from the average person they have those sour down turned lips like some spoilt brat. To be honest I couldn't care less about them.
Scientific analyses can be whatever scientists want them to be. How many people were actually conducting those tests or even know how to perform such tests. Very few I imagine. Making it easy to say whatever one wants because they know nobody will question it because most people are intimidated by those with degrees or think because someone has a high proficiency at maths they posses some mystical all knowing quality.
Obviously you feel in the role of a kind of conspiracy theorist well. Everything and everybody is in question except your own un-rationality (Again, again and again: How should Borchardt falsify this well documented and very special found situation, in front of watching public at a dig?).
Have fun doing so, for me my time for idiocy of such kind, is too precious... Every few months new, just if one thinks a sow, which has long been slaughtered, must be driven through the village again.
You ask me if I have been on a dig in Egypt. Have you ever conducted a C-14 test.
It's illogical to me a sculptor would use a damaged bust. Why was the bust damaged. I don't beleive the sculptor damaged the bust and then plastered over it.
I'm only asking questions, not buying into conspiracy theories. One aspect of science you seem to be ignoring is that the backbone philosophy of science is to never stop asking questions, which is all I am doing. But I am just a nobody who knows nothing, so don't be bothered by me.
Instead of being confrontational on here when I am having a stressful day and taking it out on all you people I am probably better off to buy a punching bag and thrash the hell out of it everynight. Sounds like a plan.
Again, again and again: How should Borchardt falsify this well documented and very special found situation, in front of watching public at a dig?
It was the 1920's for christ's sake. Use your imagination. People, equipment and boxes to store the finds would have been constantly moving around the dig site. The onset of darkness would have provided many opportunities.
How did Carter manage to break into Tut's tomb without anyone finding out, and reveal it as if in situ to a watching public.
Chrismackint "Working in retail was just a temporary blip on the radar until I realized the error of my ways and pursued something more substantial. I think your wrong- a person is defined by their job and their job is a reflection on them in many ways"
"Don't let your heart get big because of your knowledge.
Take counsel with the ignorant as well as with the scholar.
yet may be found among the maids at the grindstones.(14)"
What drugs are you two on. I wasn't the one trying to intimidate those other two people khazarkhum and Edgard Mansoor by casually throwing around my credentials or extensive knowledge of the AE and poetry like some. All I did was point out science is not as reliable as the mantra has it. All I have done is ask questions, questions that have already been asked by credible print media and ex-members on here. I even helped that person who was asking for career advice and actually told them the truth, so they didn't go out into the world deluded like I had to, yet I get a lecture about having a big head. Instead of throwing around useless guff like you two I do something useful for once and get shafted. I don't know why I bother to waste my time helping anyone. I'm damned if I do and damned if I don't.
If Borchardt is holier than thou, then how can it be the pin up poster boy for honesty Carter has now been found to not be so honest afterall. If Carter was engaging in these types of activities one can only guess what Borchardt was up to.
The Legacy of Howard Carter: Did King Tut's Discoverer Steal from the Tomb?
Dawn was breaking as Howard Carter took up a crowbar to pry open the sealed tomb door in Egypt's Valley of the Kings. With shaking hands, he held a candle to the fissure, now wafting out 3,300-year-old air. What did he see, those behind him wanted to know. The archaeologist could do no more than stammer, "Wonderful things!"
This scene from Thebes in November, 1922, is considered archaeology's finest hour. Howard Carter, renowned as the "last, greatest treasure seeker of the modern age," had arrived at his goal.
Carter obtained about 5,000 objects from the four burial chambers, including furniture, jars of perfume, flyswatters, and ostrich feathers -- the whole place was a dream of jasper, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. He even discovered a ceremonial staff adorned with beetles' wings.
The "unexpected treasures," as Carter described them, suddenly brought to light an Egyptian king previously almost unknown -- Tutankhamun, born approximately 1340 B.C., who ascended the throne as a child. A statue shows the boy king with chubby cheeks and a delicate face. Tutankhamun later married his older sister and conceived two children with her, both born prematurely. The fetuses were found in small but magnificent coffins.
The king died at the age of 18. An ardent racer -- six of his chariots were also discovered in the tomb -- who often went ostrich hunting in the Eastern Desert with his dog, Tutankhamun may have suffered a chariot accident and died of subsequent blood poisoning.
The grandeur of the find rubbed off on its discoverer. Carter was awarded an honorary doctorate and US President Calvin Coolidge invited him to tea. Horst Beinlich, Egyptologist at Würzburg University, calls him a "thoroughly honest man full of idealism."
It appears, however, that this isn't quite true. Documents show that the hero of the tombs cheated on many counts, manipulating photographs, forging documentation on the discovery and deceiving the Egyptian Antiquities Service.
In the end, Carter's entire scheme went awry and the pharaoh's golden treasures remained in Cairo, marking the end of an era of ruthless appropriation of cultural assets. Carter and his team went away empty-handed.
Or at least, that was the official word. Secretly, however, the Carter team helped themselves, despite lacking authorization. Objects in several museums have now been revealed to belong to Tutankhamun's treasures.
The most recent example is a small ushabti, or servant for the dead, made of white faience and standing in the Louvre. On a recent visit to the Paris museum, Egyptologist Christian Loeben couldn't believe his eyes. "Tutankhamun's throne name is written on the figure," he explains. "It can only have come from his tomb."
Forbidden treasures in the form of two golden hawk's heads were also found in Kansas City. Examination revealed them to be part of a collar that had lain directly on the mummy's skin, which was coated with 20 liters (5 gallons) of embalming oil. The jewelry broke when it was pulled away, and Carter collected the pieces to give as a present to his dentist.
Objects of Tutankhamun's have also wound up in Germany. A museum director in the state of Saxony, who wishes to remain anonymous, confessed to SPIEGEL that he is in possession of several blue faience beads. "Carter pocketed them as the tomb chambers were being cleaned and later gave them to his secretary," he says. The museum director came across these dubious items through an auction house.
Hoving's revelations in the 1970s similarly attracted little interest. Many saw him as fouling the nest.
But suspicions continue to grow, especially among German Egyptologists, who doubt that the looting of the tomb in antique times really played out the way Carter described. "Much of the story is exaggerated," Loeben believes. His colleague Rolf Krauss goes further and says, "The break-in was faked."
Feeding these suspicions are articles 9 and 10 of the excavation license, which allowed goods from a tomb to be contractually divided up only if it had been previously robbed. If a pharaoh's tomb was found intact, all its contents would go to Egypt.
"Under these conditions, it's clear the discoverers must have tried construe the state of their find in their favor," is Krauss' analysis. This casts a dubious light on the man considered a leader in his field.
The son of an artist known for his portraits of animals, Carter arrived in Egypt in 1891, when Victorian-era colonialism was at its height. The young man developed a knack for finding hidden burial chambers. Before hitting it big with Tutankhamun's tomb, Carter had already found three other royal tombs -- all of them empty. He liked being connected to the powerful, working intermittently for American millionaire and amateur archaeologist Theodore Davis.
The young Carter was somewhat awkward in his personal interactions. After coming to blows with some French tourists, he lost his job as inspector for the Egyptian Antiquities Service. Carter was stubborn and hot-tempered, Hoving says, adding, "Few people could be around him for an extended period without being driven up the wall." But his knack for finding tombs is undisputed. Starting in 1907, Carter began his obsessive pursuit of the child pharaoh whose corpse had never been found, hunting every possible clue.
During the Tutankhamun project, Carnarvon's teeth fell out one after another, and he died of an inflamed mosquito bite five months later -- the beginnings of the myth of the "curse of the pharaoh."
Carter didn't have an easy time either. Oppressed by the heat and buffeted by dusty winds, he urged on a team of local laborers. One unsuccessful season followed another. After four years, the group was only a few centimeters from the discovery site. Suddenly, though, the boss withdrew his workers and continued the dig elsewhere.
Hardly had he arrived back in Thebes, or so runs the legend, when an assistant dashed into the excavation tent and reported a sensational find -- a buried set of stairs leading down to a sealed door. Was there intrigue behind this announcement? A half brother of Lord Carnarvon thought so. He claimed Carter had crept secretly into the underground chambers three months before.
The official story is that Carter, by his own account, felt "almost overwhelmed" by the urge to break open the irksome door, but resisted, and buried the stairs once again. The next day, November 6, 1922, he cabled Lord Carnarvon, "At last have made wonderful discovery in the Valley. A magnificent tomb with seals intact. Recovered same for your arrival. Congratulations."
By afternoon on November 26, the workers had removed the debris and exposed a further walled-in doorway. Carter managed to clear a peephole in the blockade, and caught a glimpse of the "wonderful things" in the antechamber.
Again and again, authors have attested to this "solemn moment," in which the archaeologist looked in on that "eternal place," dazzled, spellbound, awed -- yet managing to keep his head. Then, according to the excavation leader, he stopped, in order to notify the Egyptian inspector general as duty required.
Carter's words: "We had seen enough. We plugged the hole again."
All that is a lie. What really took place can be gathered from a report -- to this day never published, but studied in detail by Hoving -- that Lord Carnarvon wrote shortly before his death. Instead of waiting dutifully as regulations required, the party forced its way through the narrow opening right away.
Now they stood inside the room with the four gilded wooden shrines, each inside the next, with four coffins nested inside. In the innermost of these lay the mummy, with a beaded skullcap on its shaved head. Carter rattled the outermost door and the hinges sprang open, creaking. It wasn't until yet another seal obstructed his progress that he paused, with a shiver.
The conspirators left the underground tomb chambers hours later. Overwhelmed and blissful, they rode home by donkey in the wan moonlight, agreeing to keep silent about their activities. Only Lady Evelyn hinted at the events of that night in a letter, thanking Carter for taking her into that "most holy place."
The negative scientific consequences of those nighttime misdoings are still felt to this day. No one knows how the tomb really looked in its untouched state. Carter always attributed this to the barbarism of ancient thieves -- but the chaos in the tomb could just as well have been caused by Carter himself.
In any case, he exaggerated the damages, asserting for example that seals were already broken off the jugs of wine. But where, in that case, are the remains of those seals? Carter also claimed that objects had been stolen out of the chests. "But that can't be substantiated using the content labels attached to the chests," Loeben says.
Loeben also considers the claim that previous thieves had broken off golden figures from the wagons absurd: "That kind of ornamentation didn't even exist."
Thus the suspicion remains that the tomb's discoverer systematically lied and misled. He wanted to present Tutankhamun's tomb as already defiled, hoping in this way to obtain permission to remove half of the finds from the country, in accordance with the license agreement.
That the British explorer left empty-handed after all had to do with Carnarvon's untimely death in April 1923. With Carnarvon went the excavation license, and the cards were reshuffled. Even the US State Department intervened -- on Carter's side -- in the political and legal tug-of-war that ensued.
In the end, Egypt won. Carnarvon's heirs received £36,000 (about $137,000 at the time) in compensation for costs incurred by the excavation.
It can hardly be denied any longer that antique dealer Howard Carter grabbed Tutankhamun's valuables and helped himself to artifacts from the 3,300-year-old tomb. The details of the swindle, however, have only come to light in bits and pieces.
Carter's theory of grave robbery in ancient times has also lost most of its clout. It has become increasingly clear that his arguments are often based on exaggerations -- or are simply nonsense.
The British archaeologist claimed, for example, to have discovered "the very footprints of the last intruder" on a white bow case.
Krauss, the German Egyptologist, examined the photographic evidence from the 1920s. "A footprint is indeed visible in the photograph," he explains, "However, it was made not by Egyptian sandals, but by modern shoes with heels."
His suspicion? "They could be Howard Carter's own prints."
From the way the New Museum behaves to requests it seems the Nefertiti delusion is an endemic phenomenon of the German condition.
ANZEIGEHawass: Not by any means. Such an important issue won't be resolved just by wishful thinking or by making statements of intent.
That is a valid point. To be honest I am just exhausted by AE and tired of it. All the racial stuff and claims of authenticity and forgery and this and that blah blah blah.
I just think it's exhausting the way the AE look so different in their portrayls. I mean their facial features change remarkebly from one statue to the next. Maybe if they were more consistent we wouldn't even be having this discussion.
Their not consistent the way roman sculputure is, where you can actually see it is the same person on multiple statues. Regarding the nemes headdress, if you look at roman sculptures that portray this headdress, considering how realistic the rest of the sculpture is, it is reasonable to conclude these accurately portray the nemes headdress. It actually looks just like a piece of cloth draped over the shoulders and tacky to be honest. Thats another thing I can't stand about AE. They never portray reality in their art, always some fanciful dream that they think is the ideal reality. Between that and their overly religious nature and obsession with death I really don't know how you can stand them.
They never portray reality in their art, always some fanciful dream that they think is the ideal reality. Between that and their overly religious nature and obsession with death I really don't know how you can stand them.
They loved life so much that they wanted it to continue in a perfect form and art was one way of willing that into existence.
I guess at the heart of it this whole argument comes down to an argument about perfection.
That is afterall why people go to see the bust, to glance upon perfection.
Their is something sad the way the AE had to portray everyhting in an ideal perfection. To me perfection is having flaws. Perfection can infact be the flaws.
Although our society is no different. Everywhere I look I see this obsession with facial symmetry. It bores me to death to be honest. Be it blue eyed or brown eyed perfection I am being marketed, they all look the same at the end of the day cause they all have that too symmetric barbie doll look.
Read slowly the quote from Ptahhotep given above. There is also another A.E maxim that declares perfection belongs to God alone. I don't understand your other points. Some things things need o be chewed over and not swallowed whole.


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text:
Strachovice (deutsch Strachowitz) ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Čistá (Tschistay) in Tschechien. Er liegt fünf Kilometer nordöstlich von Kralovice (Kralowitz) und gehört zum Okres Rakovník.

Geographie
Die von ausgedehnten Wäldern umschlossene Streusiedlung Strachovice befindet sich auf einer landwirtschaftlich genutzten Anhöhe zwischen dem Bach Jasanový potok und seinem Zufluss Strachovický potok auf dem Gebiet des Naturparks Jesenicko in der Kralovická pahorkatina (Kralowitzer Hügelland). Im Osten reicht die Gemarkung bis in das Tal der Javornice; dort verläuft die Bahnstrecke Rakovník–Mladotice, die den Fluss bei Nad Mostem auf einem Viadukt überquert. Östlich erhebt sich der Holubí vrch (509 m n.m.), im Südwesten der Velký Špičák (Großer Spitzberg; 555 m n.m.) und die Březina (573 m n.m.), westlich der Libyňský vrch (561 m n.m.) und im Nordwesten der Lhotský vrch (Welhotenberg; 606 m n.m.).

Nachbarorte sind Nová Ves (Neu Wallisdorf) und Kůzová (Wallisgrün) im Norden, V Lomu, Pod Vrabíkovem und Zátiší im Nordosten, Čistá im Osten, Valcha, V Tišině, Břežany (Breschan) und Kožlany (Koschlan) im Südosten, Hradecko (Hradetzko) im Süden, Hubenov (Hubenau), Sedlec (Sedletz) und Bílov (Bilow) im Südwesten, Vysoká Libyně (Hochlibin) im Westen sowie Podbořánky (Podersanka) und Zelený Důl (Grünthal) im Nordwesten.

Geschichte
Der zur Herrschaft Křič gehörige Meierhof Strachowitz wurde wahrscheinlich in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts durch das Reichsstift adeliger Fräulein in der Neustadt Prag, das später den Namen k.k. freiweltadeliges Damenstift zu den heiligen Engeln in der Altstadt Prag erhielt, angelegt. Auf dem Hof robotpflichtig waren auch die Bewohner des weitab gelegenen Dorfes Nedowitz. Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde Strachowitz 1785 in der Topographie des Königreichs Böhmen ohne Angabe der Häuserzahl. Während der Josephinischen Reformen wurde die Herrschaft im Jahre 1787 an das Prager Theresianum angeschlossen, 1791 ging sie an das Damenstift zurück.

Im Jahre 1843 bestand die im Rakonitzer Kreis an der Straße von Rakonitz nach Pilsen gelegene und nach Tschistay konskribierte Einschicht Strachowitz, auch Schippenhäusel genannt, aus zwei Hausnummern: einem herrschaftlichen Meierhof sowie einem dominikalen Jägerhaus mit Wirtshaus. Strachowitz war Sitz eines der drei herrschaftlichen Forstreviere. Außerdem erwähnt wurden die ebenfalls nach Tschistay konskribierte eingängige Giřik-Mühle (Nad Mostem) mit einer Brettsäge unterhalb des Giřik-Teiches sowie die eingängige Alberti-Mühle (V Lukách) unterhalb des Alberti-Teiches. Pfarr- und Schulort war Kozlan. Bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts blieb Strachowitz der Herrschaft Křič untertänig.

Nach der Aufhebung der Patrimonialherrschaften bildeten die Waldeinschichten westlich von Tschistay ab 1850 den Ortsteil Strachovice / Strachowitz der Marktgemeinde Čistá / Tschistay im Gerichtsbezirk Kralowitz. Ab 1868 gehörte Strachovice zum Bezirk Kralowitz. Im Jahre 1869 bestand die Siedlung aus sieben Häusern und hatte 46 Einwohner.
Im Jahre 1906 verkaufte das Freiweltadelige Damenstift zu den heiligen Engeln die Grundherrschaft Chříč an Stephan von Götzendorf-Grabowski, der sie 1910 an Gustav Fischer veräußerte. Anschließend wechselten die Besitzer in rascher Folge. Im Jahre 1900 hatte Strachovice 31 Einwohner, 1910 waren es 43.

Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg zerfiel der Vielvölkerstaat Österreich-Ungarn, Strachowitz wurde 1918 Teil der neu gebildeten Tschechoslowakischen Republik. Beim Zensus von 1921 lebten in den fünf Häusern von Strachovice 47 Tschechen. 1930 lebten in den fünf Häusern von Strachovice 35 Personen. Nach dem Münchner Abkommen verblieb Strachovice im Oktober 1938 bei der Resttschechoslowakei; die neue Staatsgrenze zum Deutschen Reich wurde entlang der nördlichen und westlichen Gemarkungsgrenze gezogen. Ab März 1939 gehörte Strachowitz zum Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren. Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges kam Strachovice zur wiedererrichteten Tschechoslowakei zurück. 1949 erfolgte die Umgliederung in den neuen Okres Plasy. 1950 lebten in den drei Häusern von Strachovice 32 Personen. Bei der Gebietsreform von 1960 erfolgte die Aufhebung des Okres Plasy, Strachovice wurde Teil des Okres Rakovník. Beim Zensus von 1991 lebten in einem Haus von Strachovice zwei Personen. 2011 hatte die Siedlung keine ständigen Einwohner mehr und bestand aus drei Wohnhäusern.

Ortsgliederung
Der Ortsteil Strachovice bildet einen Katastralbezirk. Zu Strachovice gehören die Einschichten Nad Mostem (Giřikmühle) und V Lukách (Albertimühle).

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Steinerner Glockenturm, am Abzweig vor dem ehemaligen Wirtshaus, errichtet Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts
 Eisenbahnviadukt über die Javornice, östlich von Strachovice
 Žižkovy valy (Žižka-Wälle), Befestigungsanlage aus den Hussitenkriegen, angelegt 1424, nördlich von V Lukách im Wald Novoveský les (Neuwallisdorfer Hau). Nach der Volksüberlieferung wurde sie den Schweden im Dreißigjährigen Krieg zugeschrieben und deshalb als Schwedenschanze bezeichnet.

Literatur
 Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011, Teil 3: Počet obyvatel a domů podle krajů, okresů, obcí, částí obcí a historických osad / lokalit – Okres Louny.

Einzelnachweise

Ortsteil in Tschechien
Čistá u Rakovníka

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Python: cannot use a keyword as an expression I am supposed to design a program that lets the user enter the total rainfall for each of the 12 months into an array. The program should calculate and display the total rainfall for the year, the average monthly rainfall, and the months with the highest and lowest amounts.
def main():
    months = [0] * 12
    name_months = ['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun', \
               'Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec']
    def total(months):
        total = 0
        for num in months:
            total += num
        return total
    for index in range(12):
        print ('Enter the amount of rain in',
        months[index] = input(name_months[index] + ': '))
    print ('The total is', total(months), 'mm.')
    avarage = total(months) / 12.0
    print ('The avarage rainfall is', avarage, 'months')
    m_copy = months[0:]
    months.sort()
    lowest = months[0]
    print ('Lowest is', lowest, 'in',)
    lows = []
    for i in range (12):
        if m_copy[i] == lowest:
            lows.append( name_months[i] )
    for i in range (len(lows)):
        print (lows[i],)
        if i < len(lows)-1: print ('and',)
    print
    highest = months[11]
    print ('Highest is', highest, 'in',)
    highs = []
    for i in range (12):
        if m_copy[i] == highest:
            highs.append( name_months[i] )
    for i in range (len(highs)):
        print (highs[i],)
        if i < len(highs)-1: print ('and',)
    print

main()

It keeps saying I cannot use a keyword as an expression, I have been staring at it for over an hour now I may have looked over something.

A: Python generally gives you the line number of the error and that will be invaluable in solving this problem.
If you're running this in Python 2, your first problem lies here:
print ('Enter the amount of rain in',
months[index] = input(name_months[index] + ': '))

You don't have a closing parenthesis on the first line and you have too many on the second.
When I change that to
print ('Enter the amount of rain in'),
months[index] = input(name_months[index] + ': ')

it works, albeit with strange list output formats, at least in Python 2.7 (v3 might be different):
Enter the amount of rain in Jan: 1
Enter the amount of rain in Feb: 2
Enter the amount of rain in Mar: 3
Enter the amount of rain in Apr: 4
Enter the amount of rain in May: 5
Enter the amount of rain in Jun: 6
Enter the amount of rain in Jul: 7
Enter the amount of rain in Aug: 8
Enter the amount of rain in Sep: 9
Enter the amount of rain in Oct: 0
Enter the amount of rain in Nov: 1
Enter the amount of rain in Dec: 2
('The total is', 48, 'mm.')
('The avarage rainfall is', 4.0, 'months')
('Lowest is', 0, 'in')
('Oct',)

('Highest is', 9, 'in')
('Sep',)

By the way, I wouldn't be implementing a function like total() when Python already provides a perfectly good sum() which does what you want.

A: I can't reproduce the error you mention, but your code seems to be confused in a way that's a bit too big to explain as a comment. You seem to be using a mix of Python 2 and Python 3 code, which won't work - for example, you seem to expect this:
print ('and',)

to print the string 'and', but supress the newline that print usually produces. In Python 2, it prints this:
('and',)

in Python 3, this:
'and'

in both cases with the newline.
This happens because the comma suppressed the newline in Python 2, but the brackets weren't part of the statement - so, you're telling it to print a one-item tuple.
In Python 3, it is a normal function call (so the brackets are part of it), and you can tell it to put an arbitrary string at the end after it has done printing - it defaults to a newline, but you can change it to, say, a space like this:
print('and', end=' ')
You also seem to expect:
print

to put a single blank line. In Python 2, it will. In Python 3, it won't do anything - you need to call the function now:
print()

You'll also run into problems with the way you're using input:
months[index] = input(name_months[index] + ': ')

In Python 2, using the input function at all, ever, was considered a bad idea, and it was generally recommended to use raw_input instead. Now input does what raw_input used to - namely, it returns a string. The rest of your code assumes that each months[index] will be a number, so that:
total += num

will do arithmetic. When num (which comes from months) is a string, you actually get an error. The way around this is to tell Python to turn it into a number after you get it:
months[index] = int(input(name_months[index] + ': '))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Rwandan genocide lasted 100 days while other countries stood idly by and watched the brutal killings continue. They are more dangerous than the Holocaust deniers; this is. However, one survivor focuses on this very fact. Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi party and was held most responsible for this terrible genocide. He especially blamed them for Germany's loss of World War I.
And Jewish people were forced to wear badges on their clothing to show they were Jewish Hitler also used this idea. The Holocaust was a period in time lasting from 1933-1945, where Adolph Hitler tried to exterminate people that he considered to be inferior to him. He wanted his country to be full of Arians, his perception of the perfect person. With a world filled with starvation, dehumanization, and dictatorship, Jewish children had a rough life. At the center of genocide, power and resources are usually the propagators of this vice. When Hitler gained power, all the teachers were suddenly Pro-Nazi Smith 27. By addressing the bones of contention, a lasting solution can be achieved.
When I visited the Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem known as Yad Vashem, it really gave a better visual and up close look of what the Holocaust composed of. What happened to Artie was a parallel to the entire story, representing what happened to Vladek during the Holocaust. For some people, certain historic events make a larger impact than others. In 1945, Hitler was still going with his plan, and nobody had been able to stop him yet. What men may find acceptable, women may find it offensive, and classify it as sexual harrasment. Language, Literature, Meaning of life 1930 Words 5 Pages Hitler and the Holocaust The Holocaust is a tragic event that happened not so long ago, but many people have already forgotten about this horrible event.
Adolf Hitler, Germany, Human 830 Words 3 Pages the Holocaust The Maus books are award-winning comics written by Art Spiegelman. For the following reasons he violated the First Amendment, academic freedom, and may have caused damage to the students. It all started because one man did not like a certain race of some people. At least one thousand ghettos were established by Germans during the Holocaust. Photographer Lloyd Wolf was the speaker and did an awesome job with bringing the pictures on the screen to life.
However, it did not all begin this way. Could the Holocaust have been prevented? Throughout history groups of people have been killed by ruling powers, but the unlawful acts went without title until recent events in the 1940's. Adolf Hitler, Antisemitism, Germany 1195 Words 3 Pages Is the Holocaust unique? His policy was to permanently get rid of all the races that were inferior to the Aryans, such as but not limited to Jews, the gypsies, Catholic priests, political opponents, Poles, homosexuals, and the disabled, among others. Yettie grew up in a very large family as a Dutch Jew. Include information and death paper about Poles, holocaust, homosexuals, paper unemployed, children, the disabled, the mentally-ill, etc. That man had an uncaring attitude towards people just like his father did.
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With this separation it held different conditions and lifestyles for each particular group and the way they can properly function to do their own culture or social practices. After reading Schindler's List, Diary of Anne Frank, and Night by Elie Wiesel, showed that this was a very depressing and evil time in our history for the European Jewish. Today, there are only few survivors left to tell their own personal stories of the Holocaust and what they had to go through. If they did survive they would have died of hard labor, starvation or diseases that were spread in camps. And yet, by the end of the Hitler regime, the world had been plunged into a global world war, Europe was in shambles and nearly 30 million died. The genocide in the Darfur region of Sudan is one that bears far-reaching consequences and effects in equal measure. Those deported to concentration camps were made research work in terrible conditions book slaves, outline were never entitled to even basic human treatment in return.
While we understand it might be difficult, we certainly hope that our outline helps you write a good research paper. Misusing the right has led to increasing number of conspiracies on a wide range of subjects and Holocaust is certainly an issue that is intensely debated over. In order to prevent a massacre like this from ever happening again, we must continue to teach future generations about the severity of this time. How do you start a Nazi Medical Experiments research paper? Prisoners that were forced to move to these camps were told to undress to take a shower. In 1933 approximately nine million Jews lived in the 21 countries of Europe that would be occupied by Germany during the war and by 1945 about two out of every three European Jews had been killed.
New York: Rosen Pub, 2009. For example, sterilization and castration experiments conducted at the was part of the , infecting prisoners with typhus had military applications, while study of pre-cancerous cervix conditions had a scientific basis. Extermination, however, is usually only enacted only upon animals. For housing, gentiles who were willing to hide Jewish people in their houses were assigned to a Jew to protect from Zegota. Analyzing the conflict in the Holocaust helps to understand a current conflict such as the situation. The German citizens made Jews their scapegoat for their economic and political problems.
Politically motivated reinforcement seeking: Reframing the selective exposure debate. Navigate study example outlining the given are looking for preschoolers argumentative essay paper on the human catastrophe that overtook the sniper. It was no longer easy to differentiate between what was good and what was evil. We are affordable, but our quality it premium since we have a huge pool of clients Genocide The term genocide refers to the mass murder of a specific race or tribe or group of people with the sole intention of eliminating the said group. Smoke and Ashes: the Story of the Holocaust. Holocaust was a time for fighting.


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Berthoud High School graduates, from left, Emily Trujillo, 18, Caleb Jordan, 17, Rheanna Goscha, 18, Sara Godfrey, 18, and Maria Fate, 18, react to a speech given by Berthoud High School's Kayla Steele during the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.
From left, Riley Petitt, 18, Zach Pearson, 18, Steele Castles, 18, Noah Kathol, 18, and Tristin Dorsey, 17, wait for the start of the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday in a school gym.
Aubrey Wise, 17, left, high fives Tory Johnson, 18, after she walked on stage to receive her diploma during the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.
Members of the Berthoud High School JROTC present the colors during the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.
Jackson Hall, 18, right, walks in to Berthoud High School before the start of graduation ceremonies Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud. Also visible through the window to the left is Thompson School District Board of Education member Carl Langner.
Alissa Krause, 18, left, wipes away a tear as fellow graduate Kali Scherer, 17, foreground, hugs her mother, Monika Scherer during the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.
Teachers and graduates react to a speech during the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.
Family and friends of graduates attend the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.
Kim Gosch, right, goes in to hug her daughter, Sierra Gosch, 18, after the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.
Teachers and graduates walk past the Berthoud High School Army JROTC Color Guard during the Berthoud High School graduation Saturday at at Max Marr Stadium in Berthoud.


text:
News Release 8-May-2018
Prolonged exposure to air pollution leads to genetic changes in rat brains, study finds
Cedars-Sinai Research provides insight into potential health effects of dirty air in the Los Angeles basin
LOS ANGELES -- May 8, 2018 -- Prolonged exposure to particulate matter in air pollution in the Los Angeles Basin triggered inflammation and the appearance of cancer-related genes in the brains of rats, a Cedars-Sinai study has found.
While previous research has documented the association between air pollution and a variety of diseases, including cancer, the study found markers indicating certain materials in coarse air pollution--nickel, in particular--may play a role in genetic changes related to disease development, said Julia Ljubimova, MD, PhD.
Ljubimova, director of the Nanomedicine Research Center at Cedars-Sinai, is the lead author of the paper, published April 9 in Scientific Reports.
"This study, which looked at novel data gathered in the Los Angeles area, has significant implications for the assessment of air quality in the region, particularly as people are exposed to air pollution here for decades," Ljubimova said.
The study found that coarse particulate matter in the region's air pollution found its way into bodily systems in two ways: inhaled through the lungs, where trace metals and other materials enter the bloodstream and then the brain; and through the nose, where the materials are absorbed more directly into the brain.
"Cleaning the air in the Los Angeles Basin has been a long and arduous task, and we are happy to support the research that produced such a groundbreaking paper," said William A. Burke, EdD, chairman of the South Coast Air Quality Management District. "We must continue to shed light on how air pollution negatively affects our health."
Ljubimova noted that while the study's findings may be unique to the composition of air pollution in the Los Angeles Basin, "There are many examples of potentially damaging effects of air pollution exposures in major cities. Our modern society is becoming increasingly urbanized and exposed to air pollution. This trend underscores the need for additional research on the biology of air-pollution-induced organ damage, along with a concerted effort aimed at reducing ambient air pollution levels."
Eggehard Holler, PhD, professor of Neurosurgery, was senior author of the study "Coarse Particulate Matter in Los Angeles Basin Air Induces Expression of Inflammation and Cancer Biomarkers in Rat Brains." The study was supported by a grant from the BP/AQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District titled "Detection of Heavy Metal Content in Different Parts of Animal and Human Brain." Funding was provided by the Brain & Lung Tumor and Air Pollution Foundation that was established by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (BTAP011 to JYL), R01 grants to JYL (#CA199743 and #CA206220) and an R01 grant to EH (#CA 209921). Keith Black, MD, chair of the Department of Neurosurgery, is principal investigator of the Brain & Lung Tumor and Air Pollution Foundation.
Jonathan Diamond
jonathan.diamond@cshs.org
Brain & Lung Tumor and Air Pollution Foundation, South Coast Air Quality Management District
/Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials/Particulate matter
/Health and medicine/Medical specialties/Oncology/Cancer genetics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Signature gatherers are starting to fan out across Arizona in an effort to curb a type of high-interest lending in the state.
Roughly 20 community groups on Tuesday kicked off a drive to qualify a measure that would curtail auto-title loans that feature high interest rates and, critics say, trap borrowers in a debt cycle.
The year-long effort supporting the Arizona Fair Lending Act seeks to gather more than 237,000 signatures to place the measure on the November 2020 ballot. It comes 11 years after Arizonans defeated Proposition 200, which would have extended payday lending indefinitely. An enabling law expired two years later, ending payday loans here.
"We thought we had taken care of (predatory lending) in 2008," said state Sen. Lela Alston, a Phoenix Democrat who spoke at the kickoff rally across the street from a LoanMax title-loan store at 15th Avenue and McDowell Road, in her district.
"But those weasels found a loophole in auto-title loans," she said.
Lending tied to vehicle values
Auto-title loans allow vehicle owners to borrow against the equity in their cars and trucks, using their vehicle titles. Critics say the loans charge annualized interest of up to 204%. The Arizona Fair Lending Act wouldn't ban the loans but would cap interest at 36%, prohibit balloon payments and restrict other practices.
"I know a lot of friends and family members who have used these loans," said Cymone Bolding, chairwoman of the Arizonans for Fair Lending coalition. One in five people borrowing against the value of their cars or trucks winds up defaulting and losing their vehicle, she said.
Arizonans pay more than $250 million in interest on the loans each year, according to research by the Center for Responsible Lending.
"The work isn't finished," said Lee Lange of the Southwest Veterans Chamber of Commerce. "We still have predatory lending in the state."
Active-duty military personnel are protected from paying more than 36% annualized interest on loans, but the safeguards don't apply to veterans and family members, he said.
An Arizona title-lending group didn't immediately reply to an inquiry seeking comment for this article.
Lower-income coalition
Groups supporting the signature-gathering drive include the Military Officers Association, the Teamsters, Living United for Change in Arizona or LUCHA, the St. Vincent de Paul Society of Tucson, the Center for Responsible Lending, the Southwest Fair Housing Council and the NAACP.
The groups must collect at least 237,645 valid signatures by early July 2020 to qualify the measure for the ballot later that year. Both volunteers and paid signature-gatherers are being used in the effort.
Reach the reporter at russ.wiles@arizonarepublic.com or 602-444-8616.
AZ lawmakers who pushed 'Stop the Steal' face scrutiny for presence at riot Arizonans 65 and older will be eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine Arizona hospital leaders warn of possible rationing care These celebrities call metro Phoenix home


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text:
Catholic Church Urges Ireland to Hold Abortion Referendum
Seeking to overturn recent Supreme Court decision
Reason Staff | 1.11.2013 8:52 AM
The Catholic Church has suggested a referendum be held to overturn the Supreme Court's X case judgment on abortion.
Representing Irish bishops, Bishop of Elphin Christopher Jones told the Oireachtas Health Committee that terminating a pregnancy was never morally permissible.
The senior cleric said: "The Catholic church has never taught that the life of a child in the womb should be preferred to that of the mother, or the life of the mother to that of the child."
Reason Staff
Roman Catholic Ireland Abortion


text:
Tysk-romerska riket, formellt Heliga romerska riket av tysk nation (, ) var en riksbildning i Centraleuropa från år 962 till 1806. Då det var som störst innefattade det inte bara dagens Tyskland, utan även områden motsvarande dagens Österrike, Slovenien, Schweiz, Belgien, Nederländerna, Luxemburg, Tjeckien, delar av östra Frankrike, norra Italien och Kroatien samt västra och norra Polen.

Redan Karl den store använde sig av titeln romersk kejsare, vilket sågs som en länk mellan det tidigare Västromerska riket och det tysk-romerska riket. Riket grundades när Otto I kröntes till tysk-romersk kejsare 962. Grunden för riket lades dock redan i fördraget i Verdun år 843. Epitetet "helig" lades till på 1100-talet för att markera rikets sakrala karaktär gentemot påvens maktanspråk. Uttrycket "av tysk nation" lades till först på 1400-talet som avspisning till Frankrikes kung, ättling till Karl den stores yngre linje, som sökt göra anspråk på den romerska kejsartiteln.

Efter reformationen delades de ingående staterna i en katolsk och en protestantisk grupp, vilket blev en av orsakerna till det trettioåriga kriget, som var ett splittrande inbördeskrig inom riket. Efter westfaliska freden 1648 förlorade det Tysk-romerska riket i praktiken sin politiska betydelse.

Det tysk-romerska riket upplöstes formellt 1806 under det militära trycket från Napoleon I:s Frankrike. Ett antal av rikets furstendömen organiserades i stället i Rhenförbundet med Napoleon som beskyddare (protecteur). Förbundets medlemmar var formellt suveräna men fungerade i praktiken som franska satellitstater.

Den 1 augusti 1806 kungjorde Rhenförbundsstaterna sitt utträde ur Tyska riket, och fem dagar senare avsade sig Frans II sin hittills innehavda kejsarvärdighet och kallade sig Frans I som österrikisk kejsare. Han hade redan 1804 antagit titeln "kejsare av Österrike" som ett svar på att Napoleon samma år hade låtit utropa sig till fransmännens kejsare. I kejsardömet Österrike inkluderades områden som aldrig ingått i det Tysk-romerska riket.

Tysk-romerska riket omfattade vid grundandet år 962 cirka 470 000 kvadratkilometer, 30 procent större än dagens Tyskland, och hade uppskattningsvis en befolkningstäthet av 10 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Vid mitten av 1000-talet hade riket vuxit till mellan 800 000 och 900 000 km² och hade mellan 8 och 10 miljoner invånare. I slutet av 1200-talet uppgick befolkningen till mellan 12 och 14 miljoner, men minskade kraftigt under 1300-talet som följd av både digerdöden och många judars flykt till Polen.

Det tysk-romerska rikets författning
Den tyska konungavärdigheten, med vilken från 962 den romerska kejsarvärdigheten var förenad, gick först i arv inom Karl den stores ätt karolingerna, som så småningom dog ut på svärdssidan. Vid Henrik I:s val 919 spelade arvsrätten inte längre samma roll. Men Henrik var istället rekommenderad av sin företrädare. Den sachsiska ättens konungar brukade redan under sin livstid nämligen låta hylla (välja) sina efterträdare, och inom den frankiska ätten följde man denna tradition.

Det första fullt fria valet var Lothar III:s år 1125. Efter denna tid försvann alltmer arvsrättens begrepp, även om man höll sig inom ätten vid valet. I början deltog mest biskopar, ärkebiskopar och hertigar i valet. Så småningom blev det så att de viktigaste andliga och världsliga furstarna höll ett förberedande val, som sedermera underställdes de andras godkännande. Slutligen blev det alltmer sed, att endast de furstar som innehade de högsta riksämbetena deltog i detta förberedande val, vilket alltmer blev det bestämmande och slutligen (från mitten av 1200-talet) det enda valet.

Dessa furstar, som innehade de högsta riksämbetena, var från början sju och kallades kurfurstar (koren betyder välja på medellågtyska, jämför svenskans kora och engelskans choose). De var alltså så att säga "valfurstar". Dessa riksämbetsmän var de tre ärkekanslererna (som innehades av ärkebiskoparna av Mainz, Trier och Köln), ärkedrotsen (pfalzgreven vid Rhen), ärkemunskänken (kungen av Böhmen), ärkemarskalken (hertigen av Sachsen), och ärkekamreren (markgreven av Brandenburg). Denna ordning lagstadgades i "Gyllene bullan" (1356).

År 1623 erhöll Bayern Pfalz gamla valrätt, men för Pfalz räkning skapades 1648 en åttonde kurvärdighet. 1692 kom en nionde, för Hannover, vars regent blev ärkeskattmästare. Eftersom kurfurstarna ofta utövade sin valrätt genom sändebud och inte infann sig vid kröningarna (vilka skedde i Aachen), skapades nya ärftliga ämbeten, vilkas innehavare (subofficiales imperii) tjänstgjorde som deras vikarier. Detta var dock fallet endast med de världsliga sysslorna.

Sålunda var grevarna av Waldburg arvdrotsar, grevarna av Limburg och (efter 1713) grevarna av Althau arvmunskänkar, grevarna av Pappenheim arvmarskalkar, furstarna av Hohenzollern arvkammarherrar och grevarna av Zinzendorf arvskattmästare. Även andra ärftliga riksämbeten skapades. Bland annat blev furstarna av Thurn und Taxis ärftliga rikspostmästare, furstarna av Schwarzburg arvstallmästare, grevarna av Werthern det Heliga romerska rikets arvdörrvaktare, och så vidare.

Vid interregnum (tiden mellan en kejsares död och valet av hans efterträdare) var pfalzgreven riksföreståndare (vicarius imperii) för de frankiska länderna (juris francici) och kurfursten av Sachsen (juris saxonici) för de sachsiska.

Benämningen "Heligt romerskt rike"
Rikets officiella namn var "Heligt romerskt rike av tysk nation". Ett känt uttalande från Voltaire om detta rike var att det "varken var heligt eller romerskt om ens ett rike". Voltaire var skeptiker bland annat till helighet och tyckte inte heller att det fanns något speciellt romerskt arv i det hela.

Franska anspråk på burgundiska territorier som tillföll huset Habsburg genom Maria av Burgunds giftermål med kejsar Maximilian I gjorde att 1512 års riksdag stadfäste den officiella benämningen "Heliga romerska riket av tysk nation".

Splittringen
Under medeltiden fanns det ett visst centralstyre. Men till skillnad från vad som var fallet i Frankrike, som delvis har gemensam historia med Tyskland (se Frankiska riket), kunde inte centralmakten bryta de feodala vasallernas makt över olika distrikt och regioner. Det hade däremot skett i Frankrike efter det hundraåriga kriget och under renässansen. Reformationen splittrade riket ytterligare. Olika furstestater hamnade på olika sidor i konflikten och ett inbördeskrig (det så kallade trettioåriga kriget) bröt ut om religionen. Då försvann den större delen av riksenheten.

Snarare än ett rike blev skapelsen därefter en lös federation, med viss gemensam lagstiftning om till exempel öl, och det bestod av ett stort antal stater av varierande storlek.

Det fanns en gemensam ståndsrepresentation, en riksdag uppdelad i tre, senare fyra, ständer:  kurfurstekollegiet, riksfursterådet och riksstädernas kollegium. Där var de olika furstestaternas furstar och ständer representerade. Denna riksdag sammanträdde mestadels i Regensburg i nuvarande Bayern. Riket styrdes formellt av en kejsare. Den tysk-romerske kejsaren var sedan 1400-talet, alltid av ätten Habsburg i Österrike (vilka kontrollerade mest landområden i riket).

Utländska regenter kunde ha territorier inom det Tysk-romerska riket – till exempel Sveriges besittningar i Pommern och Danmarks besittningar i Holstein. Utländska regenter ansågs då som kejsarens vasall på detta territorium och denne var till exempel hertig, greve eller dylikt där.

Heligheten
Kejsaren ansågs vara helig på grund av att en av hans riksregalier var en relik, nämligen den heliga lansen som ansågs ha stuckits i Jesu sida vid korsfästelsen.

Kopplingen till Romarriket
Kejsaren ansågs som arvtagare till de romerska kejsarna eftersom kejsaren hade överhöghet över norra Italien såsom "kung av Italien". Kejsaren var dock först och främst "tysk konung" och såsom sådan valdes han formellt av kurfurstarna (som Habsburgarna kontrollerade sedan 1400-talet). Påven krönte sedan den nyblivne tyske konungen till kejsare.

Se även
 Kurfurste
 Lista över Tysklands statsöverhuvuden
 Rikskretsar
 Riksstäder
 Riksstånd
 Romarriket

Referenser

Externa länkar

Wikipedia:Basartiklar


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Applying the Theory of Affective Intelligence to Support for Authoritarian Policies and Parties
Sean Stevens
The idea that fear drives right-wing political attitudes and support for right-wing politicians has largely become accepted as a truism among many scholars (e.g., Altemeyer 1996; Jost et al. 2003; 2017; Robin 2004; Wilson 1973) and pundits (e.g., here, here, here). New research, published in Advances in Political Psychology, suggests that this model of conservatism..
The Perception Gap: How False Impressions are Pulling Americans Apart
Over the past 25 years the partisanship of the American electorate has increased (see e.g., here, here, and here), and concern about how this increased partisanship may impact American democracy is now prevalent (see e.g., here, here, and here). However, new research by More in Common suggests that Americans are more similar to their political..
Does Intolerance Dampen Dissent? Macro-Tolerance and Protest in American Metropolitan Areas
In recent years a debate over free expression, open inquiry and academic freedom has been ongoing, particularly in the United States. At least two arguments are frequently made, often in opposition to each other. One contends that it is important to expose people to dissenting — even offensive — points of view to ensure the..
Liberalism and Conservatism, for a Change! Rethinking the Association Between Political Orientation and Relation to Social Change
The idea that in all societies there are some people who seek to preserve stability, conserve the status quo, and prefer incremental change, and others who are more accepting of social change innovation and reform has a long history of acceptance in scholarship (e.g. Jost et al. 2003; Mill 1859/2011; Robin 2004). Attitudes towards societal..
Intolerance and Repression in the United States a Half-Century After McCarthyism
How intolerant is the American public? Is the average citizen likely to "put up" with the expression of viewpoints and beliefs they find offensive, odious, and hateful? Unfortunately, according to a long tradition of research in political science, the answer is that political intolerance is fairly common in the United States. The rise of Joe..
Partisan Dehumanization in American Politics
Over the past decade, concern over how extremist political communities can employ social media to promote their views and incite violence has increased. The Dangerous Speech Project defines dangerous speech as "any form of expression (e.g., speech, text, or images) that can increase the risk that its audience will condone or commit violence against members..
Hidden Tribes: A Study of America's Polarized Landscape
The international initiative More in Common, in collaboration with Purpose and YouGov, recently released an extensive report on the state of civic life among the American electorate. Reviewing research on how contemporary Americans perceive the political climate in the United States, they assert that more Americans than ever perceive deep partisan division between Democrats and..
Willingness to Self-Censor: A Construct and Measurement Tool for Public Opinion Research
One of the key tenets of life in a democracy is the ability to freely express one's ideas without fear of government retribution (see e.g., Habermas, 1989; Hollander, 1975; see also, e.g., the Bill of Rights in the United States, Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man and..
Silencing Fellow Citizens: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Validation of a Scale for Measuring the Belief in the Importance of Actively Silencing Others
A spate of recent publications have focused on the construct of self-censorship (e.g., here, here, and here), extending and expanding the work of Andrew Hayes and his colleagues (e.g., here, here, and here). New research by Yariv Tsfati and Shira Dvir-Gvirsman adopts an alternative approach. Instead of focusing on the construct of self-censorship, they defined and..
Book Summary
The origin of The Coddling of the American Mind occurred over lunch in May of 2014, with Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt in attendance. Lukianoff had asked Haidt to help him make sense of a puzzle he had noticed emerging over the past year or two. Historically, students had consistently opposed administrative calls for campus..
The Skeptics are Wrong Part 3: Political Intolerance Levels on Campus are High, and Here is Why
Abstract: A series of essays published in March argued that American college students are just as supportive of free speech as they have ever been, so there is no "free speech crisis" on American college campuses. In this essay we show that this optimistic reading of the most widely used longitudinal dataset (the GSS) greatly..
Education is Related to Greater Ideological Prejudice
Everyone knows that education makes people more tolerant, right? Well, yes, if you focus on the traditional targets of intolerance that are generally studied in the social sciences, such as members of ethnic, racial, or religious outgroups. A college education seems to make people more cosmopolitan and less prejudiced. But what if you look at..


February may be the shortest month of the year – but it's not short on activities for wellbeing fans and clean-eating foodies! So you needn't worry – add our top beauty, wellbeing and food event picks to your calendar and your month is sorted.
Also, there have been some highly anticipated openings in the capital for healthy eating last month. So why not continue your new year clean-eating resolutions with some of our favourite new hot spots?
The Mae Deli: Deliciously Ella's new cafe is everything we dreamed of and more! Grab yourself a healthy snack when you're in central London.
Raw Press Chelsea: Raw Press' new site offers all the staples for healthy foodies: delicious organic cold-pressed jurices, salads, breakfasts and snacks. If you're local, stop by.
The Detox Kitchen have added a new branch to their popular delis and better yet, it has its own exercise studio! It's on the lower ground floor of their flagship deli so after a relaxing hatha yoga class or an energetic ballet class you can refuel with delicious food. A winner!


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New Jersey State Parks
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge © david seaman
152 Pleasant Plains Road
Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920
The Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1960 and lies 26 miles west of New York Cities Times Square and 7 miles south of Morristown, New Jersey in Morris County. This oasis of wilderness, surrounded by urban and suburban areas, provides important habitats to fish and wildlife and a unique opportunity for the public to enjoy wildlife and wilderness within close proximity to urban centers. It consists of approximately 7,500 acres of swamp woodland, hardwood ridges, cattail marsh, grassland, ponds and meandering streams. Over the years, the refuge has become a resting and feeding area for more than 244 species of birds. The refuge also provides a "home" for more than 39 species of reptiles and amphibians, 29 species of fish, 33 species of mammals and approximately 600 species of plants (including 215 species of wildflowers). Additionally, 26 of these species are listed by the State of New Jersey as being threatened or endangered, including the wood turtle, blue-spotted salamander and bog turtle (also federally threatened).
FACILITIES AND ACTIVITIES OVERVIEW
Day-UseHuntingyes
Hiking Trailyes
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge is located near Avenel, Basking Ridge and Belleville
Fort Nonsense Historical National Park
Washington Rock State Park
Morristown National Historical Park
Edison State Park
Delaware and Raritan Canal State Park
Hacklebarney State Park
Edison National Historic Site
Musconetcong State Park
Cranberry State Park
Share Your Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge Photos (click here)
Great Swamp is located 7 miles south of Morristown, New Jersey
From Interstate 287 (Southbound and Northbound): Take Exit 30A (Basking Ridge/North Maple Avenue) and bear right onto North Maple Avenue. Go through the traffic light at Madisonville Road (ignore refuge directional sign pointing left at Madisonville Road) and continue on North Maple Avenue. After one mile North Maple will bear left and become South Maple Avenue. Continue on South Maple Avenue for one mile and turn left onto Lord Stirling Road. After 1.3 miles you will pass over a bridge on the Passaic River. Continue straight on White Bridge Road for one mile and turn left onto Pleasant Plains Road. Follow refuge directional signs to refuge headquarters.
From Interstate 78 (westbound): Take Exit 40 and turn right on Hillcrest Road (County Road 531). Go to stop sign (1 mile), cross Mountain Avenue, staying on Hillcrest Road (531). (Hillcrest Road becomes Mountain Avenue after passing over the Passaic River Bridge). Go straight through the traffic light at the intersection of County Road 512 and continue on Mountain Avenue (now County Road 638). Go 1.3 miles to the top of the hill and cross over Long Hill Road onto Meyersville Road. Go down Meyersville Road 0.8 miles to circle, turn left on New Vernon Road and follow refuge directional signs.
From Interstate 78 (eastbound): Take Exit 40 and turn left onto Hillcrest Road and follow westbound directions.


Apparently, I missed a diplomatic episode between Saudi Arabia and Canada which shows how we let the Saudis get away with their BS which in this case even looks like it justifies the 9/11 terrorism.
Saudi Arabia's state media on Monday tweeted a graphic appearing to show an Air Canada airliner heading toward the Toronto skyline in a way that recalled the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
Fifteen of the 19 September 11 hijackers were from Saudi Arabia, and Osama bin Laden, the attacks' mastermind, was a Saudi citizen who has family there.
As expected, the usual defence of the Iranian terrorists .
And so has Obama and all previous Presidents, as far as I can remember, nothing new here!
The U.S. is not dependent on Middle Eastern oil but the petrol dollar is still important. Saudi Arabia is a partner in maintaining the petrol dollar and that is key to understanding our relationship with them. Gaddafi was, Assad and Iran as well as China are a threat to this system.
No blood for oil is a kind of naivety because economic issues are always part of military deterrence and economic chaos creates the environment in which war is more likely.
After WWII the Europeans accepted the dollar as the major exchange currency. For all these years it has helped keep the value of the dollar inflated. For some reason it is never spoken of publicly but is part of the NATO arrangement. It is an arrangement that has become more and more difficult to maintain and the shift away from the old system requires the Europeans to shoulder higher defense spending. It also means that European dependence on Middle Eastern oil means that the U.S. and Canada need to become the major supplier of oil to Europe even if it means higher costs. Until that can happen Saudi Arabia is a key player in the world's economic stability.
The bottom line is that Saudi Arabia is an ally and Iran is an enemy-pretty simple, really.
Iran is an enemy of Israel. Is it really and enemy of the US? IF so...why?
Israel is an ally, undoubtedly the most reliable one in the Middle East. Iran also declares us 'the great satan' and they took our embassy people hostage in 1979. They also might be, especially since Trump reneged on the nuclear agreement, a budding nuclear power which spells trouble.
Until that can happen Saudi Arabia is a key player in the world's economic stability.
Saudi Arabia has been a key player in the world's economic instability since 1973. All the global recessions since then have been caused, at least in part, by the Saudis cutting their oil production.
It wasn't so long ago that the Saudis were boosting their oil production in order to put American frackers out of business.
You didn't answer my question of WHY. Now Israel as an Ally. What have they ever, EVER, done for us? Killing us and destroying a ship don't count.
You should check under your bed for Russians. Or may be you already did ? US brought to world two atomic bombings, a lost nuke and Fukushima. A much worse record.
All times are GMT-5. This page was generated at 09:22.


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Flood Damage Estimate for County Property Now Nearly $6 Million
Vernon Miles August 22, 2019 at 3:15pm
Flood damaged bridges along Lubber Run in July 2019 (photo courtesy @btj/Twitter)
Pedestrian bridge washed away along Lubber Run (photo by Ashley Hopko)
A pedestrian bridge that survived Monday's flooding (photo by Ashley Hopko)
Flooding along Lubber Run (photo courtesy Brandon Jones)
Previous Image 1/5 Next Image
As some Arlingtonians are still struggling to put their lives together after flash flooding in July, the county is continuing to work to repair flood-damaged public property.
Early estimates put damage to the county at $3.5 million, but Hannah Winant, a spokesperson for Arlington County Public Safety Communications and Emergency Management, said estimates for the damage to county property has swelled to $5.8 million. Those costs include debris cleanup, emergency protective measures, and repairs to County facilities like parks and community centers.
Winant said bridges in Lubber Run and Glencarlyn parks suffered the worst damage from the storms. A storage building at Bon Air park was also seriously damaged, as were other pedestrian bridges, playgrounds and more across Arlington. Additionally, the County is assessing the erosion to local waterways that could require long-term fixes.
Arlington has submitted its preliminary assessment to the state, but after the state receives the assessment it must be validated.
"This process can go on for a few weeks, as crews triage the damage and more information becomes available," Winant said. "This is where we are now."
Once the state completes its assessment, that information is submitted to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), after which the agency portions out funding and technical support for public properties that have been damaged.
"Reimbursement is also being sought through the County's insurance," Winant said. "During this time, the County cleans up from the disaster, removing the debris and cleaning right-of-way, and tries to get back to normal operations for the community such as opening parks and other affected facilities. The recovery process can be a long one and we appreciate the community's patience and support as we navigate the process of requesting aid."
Going forward, Winant predicted recovery costs will continue to increase as weather changes become more severe.
"Weather is consistently increasing in its severity and frequency," Winant said "Nationally, both insured and uninsured losses continue to grow — so costs from disasters are rising as disaster frequency also increases."
For homeowners, businesses, and renters who were affected by the flooding, the Small Business Administration is offering low-interest loans. The filing deadline for physical property damage is Oct. 7, and the deadline for economic injury applications from business owners is May 7, 2020.
damage emergency flooding severe weather storm
BREAKING: Office Building Evacuated Due to Reported Chemical Spill
Police Investigating Death at Whole Foods Parking Lot


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As 2014 drew to a close, high-profile data breach incidents continued to undermine consumer confidence in data protection. "It's time for companies to start looking at the next generation of threats and to step up their game to better protect consumer data," said Rick Dakin, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Security Strategist at CoalFire Systems Inc. He added that the threat landscape is continuously evolving.
CoalFire, an independent information technology risk, governance and compliance firm, predicts the cost of cybersecurity and risk management will double in 2015. This is based on trends identified in the more than 1,000 system audits and assessments it conducted last year.
CoalFire released its annual predictions for cybersecurity, along with an infographic titled Top Ten Cybersecurity Predictions for 2015. Here is a brief summary:
Top 10 cybersecurity trends:
Motivated threat actors will expand: Geopolitical and economic incentives will fuel international criminal organizations (often state-sponsored) to develop offensive cyber capabilities that lead to exponential increases in the number and sophistication of cyber threats.
Redefinition of defense will be necessary: Cyber risk management and security compliance will weigh equally with function, capacity and performance as information technology design criteria. Financial return on investment will factor in risk exposure as well.
Three heads will be better than one: In larger organizations there will be a balancing of responsibility among the chief information officer, chief information security officer and chief technology officer based on knowledge acquired in each of these roles.
Security investments will increase: Pernicious new cyber threats will spur greater demand for security protection in business and government infrastructures. Investment in cyber security is expected to double over the next three years.
Attacks from new fronts will arise: Expansion of mobility, cloud-computing, bring your own device policies and the Internet of Things will create new and unforeseen opportunities for cyber criminal exploitation of emerging formats.
Universal monitoring will become mainstream: Expect some form of threat, scanning, identity and/or credit monitoring service to be deployed by every organization and individual.
The business sector will advance policy standards: The impetus to develop and mature policy standards across private and government sectors will come from direct involvement and participation by business executives and board members.
New threat detection/response technologies will emerge: Increased usage of crowdsourcing, machine intelligence and cognitive/advanced analytics will detect and stay ahead of cyber threats in the coming year.
Improved security applications will surface: New and improved applications of authentication, encryption, tokenization and Europay/MasterCard/Visa chip-embedded technology will emerge to enhance payment and data security.
The offensive team will return: This year will usher in a shift from cyber-defense to cyber-offense as a strategy for building impenetrable systems that identify attackers and provide the means to prosecute, deter or delay malicious activities.


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Quick Starter: Thomas Earns Nod After One Week
During his high school career at Imperial (Calif.) High, his college career at UCLA or his three NFL years with the St. Louis Rams, had a team ever thrown linebacker Robert Thomas into the fire like the Green Bay Packers?
"Never," said Thomas, grinning at his ability to quickly mesh with his new team.
A week after joining the Packers, Thomas started at weakside linebacker against the Detroit Lions on Sunday and recorded four tackles.
"For the first time out of the blocks, he did a good job," head coach Mike Sherman said.
Thomas played an integral role in limiting a strong Lions running game to 3.3 yards-a-carry. Three of his tackles were solo. He stopped running back Kevin Jones for three yards and one yard up the middle in the first quarter and for three yards off left tackle in the fourth quarter.
In making the transition from the Rams defense to the Packers defense, he faced a steep learning curve. The Rams play more eight-man fronts and feature different terminology for each play while the Packers run a classic seven-man front with defensive ends spread out wide and linebackers stacked behind the defensive line.
"It's a totally different scheme," Thomas said.
To prepare for last Sunday's game, he went through a crash course. Thomas arrived in Green Bay, Wis. on Sunday, Sept. 4th and studied his new playbook at Lambeau Field until 11 p.m. He spent all of Monday watching film before practicing with the team at 6:15 p.m.
Another week of studying film, meeting with the coaches and acclimating to his new surroundings will help as he prepares for the Cleveland Browns.
"It's going be a huge difference," he said.
Sherman praised the quickness of the 6-0, 233 player but said he did make a few mental errors. If he becomes more comfortable in the Packers' defense, Thomas could receive even more playing time on passing downs. Rookie linebacker Roy Manning replaced him on those downs during Sunday's game.
The Packers' trade of cornerback Chris Johnson for Thomas' services should serve as a coup. For Johnson, an injury prone cornerback who may not have made their active roster, the Packers received a speedy 25-year-old linebacker with 32 career starts.
And he should only perform better by the week.
"I did pretty well for being here four or five days," Thomas said. "I still have a long ways to go."


If you use to hang around with your friends for dining, then you must be familiar with the name of Red Lobster. Even if you rarely use to go to the dining, the restaurant is still a well-known casual dining restaurant chain of the America that you should be familiar with. Headquartered in the Orlando, Florida, the restaurant has been operating in different countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Canada, Japan, Qatar, Mexico, and Saudi Arabia. The Chief Executive Officer of the business has been Kim A Lopdrup since January 6, 2016.
The business was founded back in the year 1968 in Lakeland, Florida, United States. As per the statistics of 2013, the restaurant is operational in more than 705 locations, worldwide. The founders of the business are Charley Woodsby and Bill Daren.
Red Lobster also provides the valuable gift cards to its frequent buyers. These cards provide you an opportunity to greet your loved ones with whatever they wish to buy for a special occasion or in the ordinary days, using that gift card. These gift cards can be personalized, and they are a great choice for the last minute gift-giving. These cards are perfect for the anniversaries, birthdays, and graduations, etc. So, if there is a special occasion coming up of one of your loved ones, then you can get him/her a Red Lobster gift card.
Click www.redlobster.com/gift-cards that is the official website.
Now, there are two options for you. You can send an eGift Card, or you can mail a gift card.
Scroll down a little and click on "BUY NOW" button of the one type.
Select the category or occasion for which you want to buy the gift card.
Now, click on the red "Next step" button.
Here on this page, select or enter the amount, select quantity, personalize with a personal message, provide shipping information, and click "Add to Cart" button.
Now review the information and click on the red "Checkout" button.
Now, provide the payment details and billing information, agree to the terms and conditions and finally click the red "Submit order" button to complete the process.
After you submit your order, then you will receive the gift card within 4 to 5 days. However, you can also track your gift card online at their official website with the help of purchaser email address and transaction ID. If you need further help regarding the gift card purchases or delivery, then you can also go to the website's FAQ section from where you can get the answers to any question that you might have in your mind. You can also add more than one gift card to the shopping cart before you submit the order. For more information, you can also get in touch with them over a phone call.


Organization Development & Change Division, Academy of Management (AOM) has elected Dr. Simone Gutzan (IMP-HSG) as its Division General Representative-at-large.
The Academy of Management with its divisions is a professional association for scholars of management and organization. The worldwide members are professors and Ph.D. students in business schools at universities, academics in related social science and other fields, and practitioners who value knowledge creation and application. Founded in 1936, the global community today is nearly 20,000 strong, spanning more than 120 countries (http://aom.org/).
The Organization Change and Development (ODC) Division of the Academy of Management represents a community of scholars and practitioners who create and disseminate impactful and rigorous knowledge to enrich constructive change management and organization development. The domain of ODC includes the development of theory and innovative practice relevant to organization change (https://odc.aom.org/home).
As one of two junior faculty positions, Dr. Gutzan started her new role as General Representative-at-large in August 2018 for a three-year term. She works with Division Chair/ Division Chair-Elect on sponsorship/ fundraising and with the PDW Chair-elect on developing and hosting a Junior Faculty PDW.


From Naval chemist to 25+ years on Wall Street, Monmouth's faculty helps you to a future of ideas, imagination, and infinite possibilities.
From education to marketing, nursing to theatre, Monmouth offers more than 50 programs of study to move your life forward.
At Monmouth, more than 70 percent of graduating seniors have completed an internship, field experience, co-op experience, or clinical assignment.
Monmouth University is singularly positioned to offer an academic experience that delivers a strong liberal arts foundation, helping shape young minds by challenging them to think critically and exposing them to curricula that enhances their cultural and global literacy. Given our size and position as a primarily residential university, Monmouth shares many of the positive characteristics of larger research institutions, including a comprehensive array of career-specific program offerings.
Our faculty that is committed to providing thoughtful, challenging, well-taught courses in both the general and specialized curricula and that helps nurture and support each student's own intellectual passions and prepares one for life after Monmouth. Hallmarks of Monmouth academics include immersive experiences beyond the classroom and meaningful student-faculty relationships.
The Monmouth University Plan: Our Commitment to Transformative Learning expresses a clear vision and strategy for Monmouth's future, reflecting the input of faculty, administrators, staff, students, alumni, and other stakeholders.
At Monmouth, more than 70 percent of graduating seniors have completed an internship, field experience, co-op experience, or clinical assignment. Our students leverage experiential education to explore future possibilities, gain resume credentials and prepare themselves for a highly accomplished future.
Student-faculty research is a main component for many of our academic programs. Students and faculty work closely together on significant projects whether they are conducted on campus or in the field.
At Monmouth, global education and outreach are top priorities. Monmouth has answered this challenge with a robust study abroad program and by welcoming international students and faculty.
A transforming experience in India and gaining global perspective across the continents.
Monmouth helps students plan to enter the workforce from the start. Our programs are designed to give students valuable experience that leads to successful careers throughout the Northeast, the country, and around the world.


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Q: Trying to get property of non-object error occurs in my controller Was trying to call orders made by a particular user
from my database but get error from my controller reporting from controller..
Public function getYourOrders {

    $order = Order::where('user_id','=',Auth::user()->id)->get();

    return View::make('orders.show')->with('order',$order);
}

This is where the errorexception is reporting from

A: If you don't have a logged in user, Auth::user()->id would give you that error.

A: If you work with framework version 4.1.26+ don't use Auth::user()->id to retrieve user's id.
Instead use id method:
Auth::id();

it will take care of returning null if there's no logged in user and it will not execute unnecessary DB query (when using DB driver)