text:
Leading accommodation provider Oaks Hotels & Resorts, a division of Minor Hotel Group, is proud to announce an exciting partnership with the multi-award winning Legends! production for its anticipated Australian Tour, commencing on 28 May 2015.
Oaks Hotels & Resorts has been named as an official apartment hotel supplier of the must-see comedy as it premieres in Australia. Oaks will welcome cast and crew members to a selection of its properties in the touring cities of Brisbane, Sydney, Adelaide and Melbourne, as well as theatre-goers seeking central, apartment-style accommodation in close proximity to each Legends! venue.
Commencing at QPAC's Playhouse Theatre on 28 May, the fast-paced play, starring sister act Hayley Mills and Juliet Mills, will delight Brisbane audiences for a strictly limited season and give them the opportunity to choose between nine premier Oaks hotels located across the city, Fortitude Valley and Bowen Hills – all within easy reach of the 'Legendary' action. Enjoy spacious apartments in one, two and three bedroom configurations, deluxe onsite leisure facilities and some of Brisbane's best views from your private balcony.
Written by Pulitzer Prize winner James Kirkwood and produced by John Frost, the play will hit Sydney shores from 18 June as it continues on its national tour, where spectators can call Oaks Hyde Park Plaza, Oaks Castlereagh or Oaks Goldsbrough in Darling Harbour home before and after an evening of uproarious entertainment at Sydney's Theatre Royal.
For Adelaide audiences, Legends! will arrive at Her Majesty's Theatre on 20 August and Legends!-lovers can look no further than Oaks Hotels & Resorts for central South Australian accommodation, boasting three premier city hotels and two popular resort properties in Glenelg, ensuring plenty of room for everyone.
The sidesplitting comedy will take its final bow at Melbourne's Comedy Theatre from 2 September, where spectators will have the choice of six superbly located Oaks hotels to call home, including Oaks on Lonsdale, Oaks on Collins, Oaks on Market and Oaks on William in the CBD, Oaks Pinnacle in South Yarra and WRAP on Southbank.
To book Legends! accommodation, visit www.oakshotelsresorts.com.
To book Legends! tickets, visit http://legendstour.com.au.
ABOUT OAKS HOTELS & RESORTS
Oaks Hotels & Resorts is one of Australia's largest self-contained, accommodation providers, currently incorporating a portfolio of 51 properties spanning Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South and Western Australia as well as New Zealand, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates.
ABOUT MINOR HOTEL GROUP
Minor Hotel Group (MHG) is a hotel owner, operator and investor, currently with a portfolio of 133 hotels, resorts, camps and serviced suites in operation under the Anantara, AVANI, Per AQUUM, Oaks, Tivoli, Elewana, Marriott, Four Seasons, St. Regis and Minor International brands. Today MHG operates in 22 countries across Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Europe and South America. For more information, please visit www.minorinternational.com.
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Jupiter and Saturn are "Gas Giants"
Made of liquid and gas, Jupiter and Saturn are important planets.
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System. Eleven times wider than the Earth, its moon looks like a pizza. This moon has many active volcanoes; when they explode, red blotches and dark marks appear and look like pepperoni. There is also one major red spot on Jupiter. It is a storm that was discovered 300 years ago and is still active to this day.
Saturn is the next biggest planet in the Solar System. This gorgeous orb is nine times bigger than Earth, and its rings are made from millions of chunks of ice, which can be as small as a bug or as big as an elephant. The ice reflects light from the Sun. Interestingly, despite everything that composes Saturn, it is the lightest planet in the Solar System.
Saturn and Jupiter are both important and fascinating planets.


text:
package org.apache.kafka.common.security.ssl;

import org.apache.kafka.common.KafkaException;
import org.apache.kafka.common.Reconfigurable;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.ConfigException;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.SslConfigs;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.internals.BrokerSecurityConfigs;
import org.apache.kafka.common.network.Mode;
import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Utils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLEngineResult;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class SslFactory implements Reconfigurable {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SslFactory.class);

    private final Mode mode;
    private final String clientAuthConfigOverride;
    private final boolean keystoreVerifiableUsingTruststore;
    private String endpointIdentification;
    private SslEngineBuilder sslEngineBuilder;

    public SslFactory(Mode mode) {
        this(mode, null, false);
    }

    /**
     * Create an SslFactory.
     *
     * @param mode                                  Whether to use client or server mode.
     * @param clientAuthConfigOverride              The value to override ssl.client.auth with, or null
     *                                              if we don't want to override it.
     * @param keystoreVerifiableUsingTruststore     True if we should require the keystore to be verifiable
     *                                              using the truststore.
     */
    public SslFactory(Mode mode,
                      String clientAuthConfigOverride,
                      boolean keystoreVerifiableUsingTruststore) {
        this.mode = mode;
        this.clientAuthConfigOverride = clientAuthConfigOverride;
        this.keystoreVerifiableUsingTruststore = keystoreVerifiableUsingTruststore;
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(Map<String, ?> configs) throws KafkaException {
        if (sslEngineBuilder != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("SslFactory was already configured.");
        }
        this.endpointIdentification = (String) configs.get(SslConfigs.SSL_ENDPOINT_IDENTIFICATION_ALGORITHM_CONFIG);

        Map<String, Object> nextConfigs = new HashMap<>();
        copyMapEntries(nextConfigs, configs, SslConfigs.NON_RECONFIGURABLE_CONFIGS);
        copyMapEntries(nextConfigs, configs, SslConfigs.RECONFIGURABLE_CONFIGS);
        if (clientAuthConfigOverride != null) {
            nextConfigs.put(BrokerSecurityConfigs.SSL_CLIENT_AUTH_CONFIG, clientAuthConfigOverride);
        }
        SslEngineBuilder builder = new SslEngineBuilder(nextConfigs);
        if (keystoreVerifiableUsingTruststore) {
            try {
                SslEngineValidator.validate(builder, builder);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new ConfigException("A client SSLEngine created with the provided settings " +
                        "can't connect to a server SSLEngine created with those settings.", e);
            }
        }
        this.sslEngineBuilder = builder;
    }

    @Override
    public Set<String> reconfigurableConfigs() {
        return SslConfigs.RECONFIGURABLE_CONFIGS;
    }

    @Override
    public void validateReconfiguration(Map<String, ?> newConfigs) {
        createNewSslEngineBuilder(newConfigs);
    }

    @Override
    public void reconfigure(Map<String, ?> newConfigs) throws KafkaException {
        this.sslEngineBuilder = createNewSslEngineBuilder(newConfigs);
    }

    private SslEngineBuilder createNewSslEngineBuilder(Map<String, ?> newConfigs) {
        if (sslEngineBuilder == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("SslFactory has not been configured.");
        }
        Map<String, Object> nextConfigs = new HashMap<>(sslEngineBuilder.configs());
        copyMapEntries(nextConfigs, newConfigs, SslConfigs.RECONFIGURABLE_CONFIGS);
        if (clientAuthConfigOverride != null) {
            nextConfigs.put(BrokerSecurityConfigs.SSL_CLIENT_AUTH_CONFIG, clientAuthConfigOverride);
        }
        if (!sslEngineBuilder.shouldBeRebuilt(nextConfigs)) {
            return sslEngineBuilder;
        }
        try {
            SslEngineBuilder newSslEngineBuilder = new SslEngineBuilder(nextConfigs);
            if (sslEngineBuilder.keystore() == null) {
                if (newSslEngineBuilder.keystore() != null) {
                    throw new ConfigException("Cannot add SSL keystore to an existing listener for " +
                            "which no keystore was configured.");
                }
            } else {
                if (newSslEngineBuilder.keystore() == null) {
                    throw new ConfigException("Cannot remove the SSL keystore from an existing listener for " +
                            "which a keystore was configured.");
                }
                if (!CertificateEntries.create(sslEngineBuilder.keystore().load()).equals(
                        CertificateEntries.create(newSslEngineBuilder.keystore().load()))) {
                    throw new ConfigException("Keystore DistinguishedName or SubjectAltNames do not match");
                }
            }
            if (sslEngineBuilder.truststore() == null && newSslEngineBuilder.truststore() != null) {
                throw new ConfigException("Cannot add SSL truststore to an existing listener for which no " +
                        "truststore was configured.");
            }
            if (keystoreVerifiableUsingTruststore) {
                if (sslEngineBuilder.truststore() != null || sslEngineBuilder.keystore() != null) {
                    SslEngineValidator.validate(sslEngineBuilder, newSslEngineBuilder);
                }
            }
            return newSslEngineBuilder;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.debug("Validation of dynamic config update of SSLFactory failed.", e);
            throw new ConfigException("Validation of dynamic config update of SSLFactory failed: " + e);
        }
    }

    public SSLEngine createSslEngine(String peerHost, int peerPort) {
        if (sslEngineBuilder == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("SslFactory has not been configured.");
        }
        return sslEngineBuilder.createSslEngine(mode, peerHost, peerPort, endpointIdentification);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public SSLContext sslContext() {
        return sslEngineBuilder.sslContext();
    }

    public SslEngineBuilder sslEngineBuilder() {
        return sslEngineBuilder;
    }

    /**
     * Copy entries from one map into another.
     *
     * @param destMap   The map to copy entries into.
     * @param srcMap    The map to copy entries from.
     * @param keySet    Only entries with these keys will be copied.
     * @param <K>       The map key type.
     * @param <V>       The map value type.
     */
    private static <K, V> void copyMapEntries(Map<K, V> destMap,
                                              Map<K, ? extends V> srcMap,
                                              Set<K> keySet) {
        for (K k : keySet) {
            if (srcMap.containsKey(k)) {
                destMap.put(k, srcMap.get(k));
            }
        }
    }

    static class CertificateEntries {
        private final Principal subjectPrincipal;
        private final Set<List<?>> subjectAltNames;

        static List<CertificateEntries> create(KeyStore keystore) throws GeneralSecurityException {
            Enumeration<String> aliases = keystore.aliases();
            List<CertificateEntries> entries = new ArrayList<>();
            while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) {
                String alias = aliases.nextElement();
                Certificate cert  = keystore.getCertificate(alias);
                if (cert instanceof X509Certificate)
                    entries.add(new CertificateEntries((X509Certificate) cert));
            }
            return entries;
        }

        CertificateEntries(X509Certificate cert) throws GeneralSecurityException {
            this.subjectPrincipal = cert.getSubjectX500Principal();
            Collection<List<?>> altNames = cert.getSubjectAlternativeNames();
            // use a set for comparison
            this.subjectAltNames = altNames != null ? new HashSet<>(altNames) : Collections.emptySet();
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hash(subjectPrincipal, subjectAltNames);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (!(obj instanceof CertificateEntries))
                return false;
            CertificateEntries other = (CertificateEntries) obj;
            return Objects.equals(subjectPrincipal, other.subjectPrincipal) &&
                    Objects.equals(subjectAltNames, other.subjectAltNames);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "subjectPrincipal=" + subjectPrincipal +
                    ", subjectAltNames=" + subjectAltNames;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validator used to verify dynamic update of keystore used in inter-broker communication.
     * The validator checks that a successful handshake can be performed using the keystore and
     * truststore configured on this SslFactory.
     */
    private static class SslEngineValidator {
        private static final ByteBuffer EMPTY_BUF = ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
        private final SSLEngine sslEngine;
        private SSLEngineResult handshakeResult;
        private ByteBuffer appBuffer;
        private ByteBuffer netBuffer;

        static void validate(SslEngineBuilder oldEngineBuilder,
                             SslEngineBuilder newEngineBuilder) throws SSLException {
            validate(createSslEngineForValidation(oldEngineBuilder, Mode.SERVER),
                    createSslEngineForValidation(newEngineBuilder, Mode.CLIENT));
            validate(createSslEngineForValidation(newEngineBuilder, Mode.SERVER),
                    createSslEngineForValidation(oldEngineBuilder, Mode.CLIENT));
        }

        private static SSLEngine createSslEngineForValidation(SslEngineBuilder sslEngineBuilder, Mode mode) {
            // Use empty hostname, disable hostname verification
            return sslEngineBuilder.createSslEngine(mode, "", 0, "");
        }

        static void validate(SSLEngine clientEngine, SSLEngine serverEngine) throws SSLException {
            SslEngineValidator clientValidator = new SslEngineValidator(clientEngine);
            SslEngineValidator serverValidator = new SslEngineValidator(serverEngine);
            try {
                clientValidator.beginHandshake();
                serverValidator.beginHandshake();
                while (!serverValidator.complete() || !clientValidator.complete()) {
                    clientValidator.handshake(serverValidator);
                    serverValidator.handshake(clientValidator);
                }
            } finally {
                clientValidator.close();
                serverValidator.close();
            }
        }

        private SslEngineValidator(SSLEngine engine) {
            this.sslEngine = engine;
            appBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(sslEngine.getSession().getApplicationBufferSize());
            netBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(sslEngine.getSession().getPacketBufferSize());
        }

        void beginHandshake() throws SSLException {
            sslEngine.beginHandshake();
        }
        void handshake(SslEngineValidator peerValidator) throws SSLException {
            SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus handshakeStatus = sslEngine.getHandshakeStatus();
            while (true) {
                switch (handshakeStatus) {
                    case NEED_WRAP:
                        handshakeResult = sslEngine.wrap(EMPTY_BUF, netBuffer);
                        switch (handshakeResult.getStatus()) {
                            case OK: break;
                            case BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
                                netBuffer.compact();
                                netBuffer = Utils.ensureCapacity(netBuffer, sslEngine.getSession().getPacketBufferSize());
                                netBuffer.flip();
                                break;
                            case BUFFER_UNDERFLOW:
                            case CLOSED:
                            default:
                                throw new SSLException("Unexpected handshake status: " + handshakeResult.getStatus());
                        }
                        return;
                    case NEED_UNWRAP:
                        if (peerValidator.netBuffer.position() == 0) // no data to unwrap, return to process peer
                            return;
                        peerValidator.netBuffer.flip(); // unwrap the data from peer
                        handshakeResult = sslEngine.unwrap(peerValidator.netBuffer, appBuffer);
                        peerValidator.netBuffer.compact();
                        handshakeStatus = handshakeResult.getHandshakeStatus();
                        switch (handshakeResult.getStatus()) {
                            case OK: break;
                            case BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
                                appBuffer = Utils.ensureCapacity(appBuffer, sslEngine.getSession().getApplicationBufferSize());
                                break;
                            case BUFFER_UNDERFLOW:
                                netBuffer = Utils.ensureCapacity(netBuffer, sslEngine.getSession().getPacketBufferSize());
                                break;
                            case CLOSED:
                            default:
                                throw new SSLException("Unexpected handshake status: " + handshakeResult.getStatus());
                        }
                        break;
                    case NEED_TASK:
                        sslEngine.getDelegatedTask().run();
                        handshakeStatus = sslEngine.getHandshakeStatus();
                        break;
                    case FINISHED:
                        return;
                    case NOT_HANDSHAKING:
                        if (handshakeResult.getHandshakeStatus() != SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus.FINISHED)
                            throw new SSLException("Did not finish handshake");
                        return;
                    default:
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected handshake status " + handshakeStatus);
                }
            }
        }

        boolean complete() {
            return sslEngine.getHandshakeStatus() == SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus.FINISHED ||
                    sslEngine.getHandshakeStatus() == SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus.NOT_HANDSHAKING;
        }

        void close() {
            sslEngine.closeOutbound();
            try {
                sslEngine.closeInbound();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // ignore
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Many people think that a design stool is exclusively intended for a modern and contemporary interior. That is not the case. Here in the range of Nordic New, there are many different design stools that can also provide an interesting added value in a classic interior. For example, consider the Tom Dixon offcut Stool in different colors. Or what about the Muuto Bar Stool that, for example, comes into its own at the bar in the kitchen? They are all beautiful design stools that not only look very nice, but also have a very nice design. So do you have a classic tinted interior in your home and are you still looking for some nice extra, small furniture? Then bringing a design stool from the assortment here at Nordic New is absolutely recommended!
We at Nordic New are convinced that design can be affordable for everyone. This may be expressed in particular in the design stools that can be found in our range. Whichever design stool you wish to order, you will be able to establish that these are all very affordable. Moreover, it is also true that our crutches have an excellent quality, which means they have a very long life. Do you also want to bring a little extra design into your interior and therefore think in the direction of a design stool? Do not hesitate any longer and choose today to order it here at Nordic New! We will at least take care of the shipping costs so that the cost price of your design stool will not increase!


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text:
The New Chinese Civil Code: A Comparative Perspective. Special IECL Seminar in conjunction with the Chinese Law Discussion Group
Week:HT5
20 Feb 2021, 10:00AM to 12:00PM
Venue:Live Online Seminar (Teams)
Organised by:Institute of European and Comparative Law
Audience:Faculty Members, Postgraduate Students
The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China (PRC) entered in force on 1 January 2021. As the first civil code in the history of the PRC, it has been heralded as a milestone in the evolution of the PRC legal system, especially after decades of failed attempts at codification. Bringing together separate statutes covering general provisions, property, contracts, personality rights, marriage and family, inheritance, and tort liability, the Civil Code reflects the hybrid indigenous and foreign influences on the evolution of private law in the PRC. There are some clear traces of direct and indirect transplants from foreign sources of law. Some of these are historical, such as the influence of the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) on China's legal system at the turn of the 20th century. Other influences reflect an array of principles from international normative instruments, some of which are drawn from common law systems. From Chinese lawmakers and jurists' perspective, the new code is significant in its indigenous developments that reflect a distinctive legal culture and system with 'Chinese characteristics'. Lawmakers have also emphasised the Civil Code's contemporary provisions that address new issues and concerns, including privacy and data protection, secure property rights, and ecological protection.
Jointly organised by the Institute of European and Comparative Law and the Chinese Law Discussion Group at Oxford Law Faculty, this seminar brings together private law scholars from China, Germany, and the United Kingdom to discuss various features of the Civil Code and its provisions from a range of comparative perspectives. There will be three presentations and the opportunity for discussion.
Professor Weixing SHEN, Professor and Dean of the School of Law, Tsinghua University, Beijing
Professor Knut Benjamin PISSLER, Senior Research Fellow, Max Plank Institute for Comparative and International Private Law, Hamburg, and Professor of Chinese Law, University of Göttingen
Dr Mimi ZOU, Associate Professor, Reading University, and Director of Studies in Law, Regent's Park College, Oxford University
Kindly note that IECL seminars are normally open only to researchers affiliated with the IECL and members or students of the Oxford Law Faculty. Please register using the link below. If you have a special interest in attending this event and would like to request being admitted to the seminar as an outside guest attendee, please get in touch with Professor Birke Häcker in advance of the event. Registration willl close at 4pm on Friday 19 February.
Birke Häcker
Professor of Comparative Law and Director of the Institute of European and Comparative Law
Thursday - 1:00PM
Joint and Several Liability: A Comparative and Historical Overview from a Civilian Perspective
IECL Lunchtime Seminar Series
Dr Luigi Buonanno
Speaker Affiliation
Live Online Seminar (Teams)
Wednesday - 1:00PM
Explaining Promising Return Trusts in China
Comparative Law Discussion Group
Dr Zhicheng Wu
School of Law, Renmin University of China
EU Vertical Law and Development
Professor Ngoc Son Bui

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
The secrecy of drug regulatory information
M.J. Eadie
drug evaluation
drug industry
Health policy monitoring
Eadie M. The secrecy of drug regulatory information. Aust Prescr 2002;25:78-9. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2002.067
Recent Australian legislation has reinforced the community's desire to preserve the privacy of personal information, as far as this is compatible with the public good. Yet the community has a desire for more 'open' government and demands increased public access to information held by government. However, some of this information may have been supplied to the government in confidence. Can a satisfactory balance be found between these sometimes competing desires?
Government decisions on the marketing and subsidy of drugs depend on the assessment of data provided by the pharmaceutical industry. These data are largely 'commercial-in-confidence'. Clinical trials and other data are evaluated within the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), or externally, before a new drug can be approved in Australia. The evaluations, and the TGA's recommendation based on them, are assessed by the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) which then recommends to the Minister for Health which drug should be approved. Unlike the situation which applies for regulatory bodies in certain overseas countries*, virtually none of the information held by the TGA is currently made available publicly. Much of it will also never appear in the medical literature. The cost-effectiveness data considered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC), when recommending that a drug be listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), are also secret.1
Would there be advantages for the community if the drug regulatory information held by government was more widely available? The evaluations, the TGA's recommendation, and the ADEC and PBAC assessments would provide an extensive and balanced source of information about a new drug. Their availability should ultimately result in better therapeutic practice, and the Australian drug regulatory process would be more transparent. Scientifically valid information concerning trials with unfavourable outcomes would be available. These negative studies currently rarely reach the public domain. Toxicological data about drugs which have been rejected for marketing would provide a valuable additional resource for predicting, on the basis of analogy, potential problems with similar drugs. Additionally, there is an ethical consideration. Should information be allowed to remain secret, when its wider availability could prevent the unnecessary repetition of studies that are likely to have negative or otherwise unfavourable outcomes? Resources would be saved and animals and human participants would be spared pointless and perhaps hazardous procedures.
Would there be disadvantages for those who currently expect that the information will remain secret? Some disadvantages for the pharmaceutical industry are obvious. The knowledge would put competitors in a stronger position, and at an earlier stage. Some item of knowledge, missed or ignored by the original owners of the information, might spark an idea which is ultimately of great commercial advantage to someone else. The original investigators who produced the pharmaceutical industry's data may find that the information was in the public domain before they had published it in the scientific literature. This might deter the better investigators from working in drug development. Evaluators of drug regulatory data, if identified, could be exposed to various external pressures. The staff of the TGA and members of ADEC and PBAC might also face increased public criticism of their recommendations.
Can some reconciliation be achieved between the potential public benefit available from the release of currently confidential drug regulatory information, and the understandable commercial and possibly individual wish for continued secrecy of this information? The names of the ADEC members are already public knowledge and the identity of evaluators could be concealed when their evaluations were released. It would be no bad thing if investigators, and the pharmaceutical industry, expedited the publication of original data in the scientific literature.
From the commercial-in-confidence standpoint, the timing of the public availability of governmental-held information would be critical. The pharmaceutical industry might have relatively little problem with information becoming publicly available 20 to 30 years after it was lodged with government, yet its immediate public availability appears to be unacceptable to the industry in Australia. Some mutually agreed intermediate position might be achieved. Perhaps pharmacological and clinical data could be released after PBS listing (a drug in Australia is unlikely to be widely used without such listing), or a certain time after ADEC has recommended its approval. The release of formulation data could be deferred until expiry of the drug's patent, or later, so that generic manufacturers were not advantaged. In all such matters, Australia would need to act in co-ordination with other nations.
Surely there is a case that the potential community benefit, and also ethical considerations, require that better use should be made of the treasure trove of drug information that government and industry in Australia currently keep secret?
* New drug information is available from the web sites of the US Food and Drug Administration (www.fda.gov) and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (www.emea.eu.int)
Professor Eadie was chairman of ADEC from 1985 to 1993.
Marley J. Cost-effectiveness: the need to know. Aust Prescr 1996;19:58-9.
Emeritus Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Queensland
Former chairman, Australian Drug Evaluation Committee


text:
News / coronavirus
World News Today is a current affairs news programme, produced by BBC News presented on Friday-Sundays with Philippa Thomas, Karin Giannone & Kasia Madera.Read more
Geektown Radio 222: 'Carnival Row' Composer Nathan Barr, TV News, Film News & UK Air Dates!, TV News, Film News & UK Air Dates!...
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This week's Geektown Radio podcast sees Matt from Entertainment Talk join me to chat through the usual weekly tv, film and gaming news, plus a look at the next week on tv. We also have an exclusive interview with the brilliant composer Nathan Barr, who has most recently been working on fantasy Amazon series 'Carnival Row'.'Carnival Row' is set in a Victorian fantasy world filled with mythological immigrant creatures whose exotic homelands were invaded by the empires of man. This growing population struggles to coexist with humans – forbidden to live, love, or fly with freedom. But even in darkness, hope lives, as a human detective, Rycroft Philostrate (Orlando Bloom – 'Pirates of the Caribbean'), and a refugee faerie named Vignette Stonemoss (Cara Delevingne 'Suicide Squad') rekindle a dangerous affair despite an increasingly intolerant society. Vignette harbours a secret that endangers Philo's world during his most important case yet: a string of gruesome murders threatening the uneasy peace of the Row.Two-time Emmy-nominated composer Nathan Barr has received critical acclaim for his unmatched versatility, incorporating eclectic instruments from musical cultures across the world. Alongside 'Carnival Row', Nathan scored the hit Amblin Entertainment/Universal Pictures family-horror film 'The House with a Clock' in its Walls, directed by Eli Roth and starring Jack Black and Cate Blanchett. this year also saw score the soundtrack for Emmy-winning biographical miniseries 'Fosse/Verdon'. Nathan's previous work includes brilliant Amazon series 'Sneaky Pete', the multi-award-winning drama 'The Americans', and the fangtastic vampire drama 'True Blood'. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/geektown. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.......
Geektown Radio 220: 'The Good Place' Art Director Adam Rowe, TV News, Film News & UK Air Dates!, TV News, Film News & UK Air Dates!...
We are back with another Geektown Radio podcast, and this week I am joined by Darryl from Hollywood News Source to chat through the usual weekly tv, film and gaming news, plus a look at the next week on tv. Additionally, we have an exclusive interview with Adam Rowe, Art Director for the utterly fabulous 'The Good Place', which returns to Netflix in the UK on Friday, 27th September 2019.Adam Rowe is an Art Director and Production Designer for TV and stage, who has worked across a huge eclectic mix of projects. He joined 'The Good Place' in the 3rd Season, and we chat about making of the upcoming final season, the ins and outs of the afterlife including Janet's world, all those froyo shops, the Medium Place, and more!Other projects Adam has worked on include 'House', 'Criminal Minds', 'Dexter', 'Parks and Recreation', 'American Crime Story: Versace', 'Criminal Minds', 'Dexter' and the long-running crime dramedy 'Rizzoli & Isles'. He also worked on the Fox live adaptation of stage show 'Rent' which saw him win the Emmy this year for Outstanding Production Design For A Variety Special. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/geektown. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.......
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Billboard - Music Charts, Music News, Artist Photo Gallery and Free Video...
https://www.coronavirus.gov/
Liverpool FC - Homepage
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The official Liverpool FC website. The only place to visit for all your LFC news, videos, history and match information. Full stats on LFC players, club products, official partners and lots more....
Screen Rant: Movie News, Movie Reviews, Movie Trailers, TV News
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All the latest movie news, movie trailers & reviews - and the same for TV, too....
Coronavirus - Wikipedia Es
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Wiki Coronavirus
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Microsoft – Home page ufficiale
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La mission di Microsoft è consentire a persone e aziende in tutto il mondo di realizzare appieno il proprio potenziale....
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Ceo Tournament Organizer Alex Jebailey Holding Donation Drive Dreamland Event And Beyond Because Impacts Coronavirus - Eventhubs
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Kaiser Permanente Launches Coronavirus Vaccine Study Seattle - Kpwashingtonresearch
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Beautifully designed and crafted classics that become a timeless addition to your home. Built for excellence, Ethan Allen serves up great style and versatility with a range of majestic dining tables, luxurious chairs and buffet tables to be part of your home this Ramadan.
The premium American furniture brand is welcoming the month of Ramadan with its range of luxury dining pieces for your home that feature beautiful crafted lines, lustrous finishes, and fine, hand tailored workmanship serving up the best in understated glamour. Ethan Allen prides itself on creating products that are 'easy to live with', focused on timeless premium design. Whether you set a traditional table, you have modern on the menu or somewhere in between, Ethan Allen new range of tables makes everything look delicious.
New Traditional Style – We call it a classic example of traditional sets; you will call it the most beautiful dining table you've ever owned. Designed to shine with a modern mix of neutrals and strong brass tone, Evansview dining table has an unforgettable star quality, a starburst pattern created and Indonesian mahogany finish. Well complemented by the Yves host and side chairs, this style story redefines luxury, function and beauty. Featuring elegance in a chic transitional design are the Lynnwood and Barrymore table that has precise lines clubbed with exotic wood finish that's simply beautiful.
New Modern Style – Everything small is big again—especially in today's condensed dining spaces. Scaled down with a modern vibe, the Ramadan dining introductions are just the thing. The Hazelton and Hoyt dining table mixes materials in the most stylish way without making a small dining space feel crowded. To complement these tables are the smart and petite in scale, Vera and Jewel Chair, for the perfect statement piece.
Ethan Allen is known for their outstanding service, quality and style for over 85 years—and is committed to delivering extraordinary value. Ethan Allen offers a selection of styles, customisable in an array of fabrics, finishes, and flourished. Located on Sheikh Zayed Road, the three-story flagship store offers a broad range of furniture & accessories and world-class complimentary design service that help clients to create unique looks of their own. Let the world-class professionals help you select the perfect window treatment, fabric or decorative accessory – or let them help you create a complete room redo. With premier in-home delivery service, you can expect excellence from start to finish.


When you're using barcode technology with Sage 100 to scan items, there is a lot happening behind the scenes to make sure the correct item is retrieved. But if you're using ScanForce with our sophisticated proprietary mobile data capture technology, you'd never know it, no matter how many items you may have.
When a barcode is scanned, the system has to look through multiple lists of data before retrieving the correct item. Of course, there are your own part numbers in Sage, but you may also have vendor part numbers for which you've set up UPC codes in Sage. These need to be indexed so that the correct part can be associated.
Let's take a box of floor tiles, for example. Suppose the internal item number that you've assigned to this type of tile in Sage is 01-00001, but the UPC code displayed on the barcode label for the product is 0-17811-72555-0. When you scan that UPC code, ScanForce translates the barcode and searches through all your items in Sage to find that UPC code, and then retrieves and returns the correct item number from Sage for the box of floor tiles, along with the corresponding item data. Several lists were indexed, and multiple data fields returned, but by the time you've scanned the box and looked at your device display, a valid item has already been returned.
In fact, our testing showed that we could retrieve a single item from a list of 1,000,000 in just 3 milliseconds.
This is the case whether you have 50 records or 1,000,000 records. There is virtually no delay, regardless of the number of items you may have.
One of the main features of our architecture that allows us to have such rapid retrieval is that we're not having to connect to other systems or do anything outside of looking directly at your Sage 100 database.
The speed to retrieve items has been a priority for ScanForce since our early days, and we've invested heavily in sophisticated technology to maintain the integrity of our fast retrieval. It's a key component of our approach to software design.
So go ahead, push the limits. ScanForce can handle it!
Contact us today to learn more about our sophisticated WMS technology.


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How to become a successful marathon runner
October 5, 2010 Keren Moros	Leave a comment
Heart racing. Dripping with sweat. Feet getting weak. And there are still five miles to go. Those months of training paid off.
In addition to seven to eight months of physical preparation, successful marathon runners must also prepare mentally and psychologically.
Jennifer Lopez, senior communication studies major, who ran the ING 2010 Marathon said that much of running is mental.
"It really is mind over matter because when you hit that 22 miles," Lopez said. "You, literally, feel like you want to die."
Bryan Hagopian, head track and cross country coach and avid marathon runner, said that the first thing to do when training for a marathon is to get outside and start running.
"Running on the treadmill is not the same," he said. "The body needs to know what the road feels like."
Elizabeth Swann, ATC, athletic training program director, said that not training properly leads to what Swann calls DNF — Do not finish.
"You physiologically cannot finish," Swann said. "Your body will shut down. It can even lead to heat stroke, which may result in death."
Swann said it is important to stretch one's legs, arms and shoulders before running. Beginner runners should also start running in intervals, jogging for a few minutes then walking for a minute. Swann said that gradual increase of intensity and mileage will decrease injury.
However, Swann says that to be safe, one should always see a physician before beginning training.
According to Hagopian, runners should change their shoes every 200 miles. He said that it is better to buy shoes at a specialty store like Runner's Depot, where employees are more likely to be actual runners, and not a generic sports store.	Hagopian believes New Bal-ance, Nike and ASICS, used by the NSU track team, are among the best brands. Shoes should have at least a thumb's width of space at the top to accommodate for swelling. One should never run in new socks to prevent blisters.
Swann said that the Gatorade and Sports Science Institute suggests drinking eight ounces of fluid every 15 minutes of training.
Although Hagopian recom-mended eight to ten hours of sleep per night during training, he said that this would probably not be possible for a college student. Taking a 15-20 minute power nap is an alternative.
"While you're training, stay away from alcohol and fast food," Hagopian said. "Start lifting weights for 30 to 40 minutes two to three days a week. Since your legs will be getting stronger, you want to put your upper body in balance with curls, bench presses and sit ups every day until you reach 500 a day."
Hagopian said that not eating before a race is an old wives' tale. He said that since the body breaks starch down in 48 hours, a carbohydrate such as pasta can be eaten a day or two before the race. Dairy, however, should also be avoided before the race.
Hagopian recommends eating oranges and strawberries at stops along the marathon. The antioxidants in these fruits will maintain a high energy level.
Running a marathon gives one a feeling of accomplishment, but also gives health benefits.
"From a scientific perspective," said Swann. "the endurance training of running improves bone density to decrease the risk of osteoporosis for women."
Hagopian said that setting and accomplishing a goal a lleviates the disappointment of defeat.
Swann agrees.
"You have to have the mental stamina to keep yourself going," she said. "You have to keep in mind, 'I will finish.'"
Hollie Bonewit-Cron, head coach of men's and women's swimming and diving, who has run three half marathons and one marathon. She said that marathon running is for anyone looking to accomplish a goal and that nothing should stop one from doing so.
"The feeling of running across the finish line is a myriad of emotions," said Bonewit-Cron. "The first of which is asking yourself if you really did finish the entire race. The second would be the elation of knowing that all the hard work did in fact pay off."
Crossing the finishing line after a marathon is a special feeling; it provides a feeling of self accomplishment. Like a drug, marathon running becomes addictive and it's easy to keep coming back for more.
How To Marathon
About Keren Moros
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On the bench: LeBron, Bosh and Wade turn up the Heat


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Patricia's Vision / Hosea Plays On
March 28, 2020 jillrbennett
Here are a couple of books about enormously inspiring people from Sterling Books
Patricia's Vision
Michelle Lord and Alleanna Harris
Sterling Children's Books
Here's a super STEM picture book biography by Michelle Lord, of an inspiring African American woman, Dr. Patricia Bath, who followed both her passion and her vision to become a doctor and change other people's lives by restoring their eyesight by means of tools that she herself had invented, tools that included lasers to remove cataracts.
From her childhood, (as a young child having seen a blind man begging on the street in Harlem in the 1940s, and pondered on how and why it could have happened), Patricia was a girl with a great and growing curiosity. After qualifying as a doctor, she "decided to get the training, education, skills set so I could achieve miracles" and that is precisely what she did, believing that "eye sight is a basic human right".
She always looked for possibilities where others saw only insurmountable walls, and through her tenacity and determination managed to do what had never been done before often against her naysaying fellow doctors who hadn't the imagination she possessed to look beyond the information given.
Through her entire life, even in retirement, this awesome woman kept her goal firmly in her sights and when climbing Mount Kilimanjaro, she visited a school classroom wherein blind children received their education in a classroom without braille books. On her return home she sent computers to that Tanzanian school so that the pupils could use their fingertips to read braille computer keyboards; this she called "Computer Vision".
What an incredible woman and what an awe-inspiring book, made all the more so by the inclusion of direct quotations from Dr Bath and animated illustrations that show both emotion and scientific details. A terrific tribute, and a splendid way to introduce young readers from all over the globe, to this medical hero who died last year.
(There's also a timeline, a note from the author, a further page about Dr Bath and a bibliography.)
Hosea Plays On
Kathleen M. Blasi and Shane W. Evans
Both author Kathleen Blasi and illustrator Shane Evans celebrate the street musician Hosea Missouri Taylor Jr. in their fictional homage of a story of a day in his life, when he boards the bus and goes to his favourite spot, Rochester Public Market.
There he would take out his saxophone and play amid the hustle and bustle. On this particular day we see him passing a boy raking leaves who pauses in his work to pretend play using his rake.
Once in the market passers by are entranced by his music and some drop money into his saxophone case; one girl is moved to dance,
their harmonious double act continuing until the rain comes down when she and the watchers, head for cover leaving Hosea to play alone.
At the end of the day, Hosea is thrilled to discover he has earned 'enough money' which we understand is the means to buy another instrument – a trumpet –
and in so doing, spread the love by donating it to the lad Nate, he'd spoken to in the morning. Then they play a lovely surprise finale duet.
The vibrant artwork is wonderfully uplifting: Hosea's passion for music and its power shines out and the story is enormously, joyously heart-warming.
An author's note explains how the musician's goal was to keep the neighbourhood children in positive ways. To this end he bought instruments for youngsters and offered them free music lessons: a true advocate for learning through music.
Recommended for all who want to share, or inspire others with the joys of music and of giving.
Categories: information books, Picture Books	Tags: Alleanna Harris, Dr. Patricia Bath, Hosea Missouri Taylor Jr., Hosea Plays On, Kathleen M. Blasi, Michelle Lord, Patricia's Vision, Shane W. Evans, STEAM, Sterling Children's Books, visionary people
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World Language School was founded in Peterborough in June 2003. We have a perfect location. Broadway is the main street in our city.
In the past, our building used to be the City court, the offices for the first newspaper in the city (evening telegraph), as well as the first cinema. What we use as class rooms now, were previously the cinema rooms. The initial purpose of the school was to only supply English courses. Today we offer a variety of courses to our students, such as IT courses, Study Holidays and European Language courses.
World Language School offers the lowest price in the market for the best quality service provided. As a result our main strength is focusing on our students and taking an individual approach to their needs. We maintained our family values and offer comprehensive support to our students.
The ability to learn a new language isn't just the reading and writing, but also ability to embrace a new culture.
The school has a big advantage which is incorporating revolutionary methods which promote speaking and listening to the highest level. Our goal is not only to teach one more language to our students, but also to offer personal assistance, cultural and professional growth.
By March 2014 we opened a new branch right in the heart of the eclectic Gosforth.Newcastle is one of the most beautiful cities in the UK and an amazing place to be a student, was voted as #N1 city to study in the UK!
Our facilities are just 2 minutes walk from Regent Metro Station and Bus Interchange. The school is located on the 5th floor of Arden House, a building with modern facilities: Reception, Classrooms, Large spacious canteen, Room with TV and DVD, Library, Internet access area with computers, free Wi-Fi and more.
World Language School have been offering one of the lowest price in the market for the best quality service providing languages courses and Study Holidays programmes. We maintained our family values and offer comprehensive support to our students in a multicultural atmosphere.
The school has a big advantage which is incorporating revolutionary methods which promote speaking and listening to the highest level. Our goal is not only to teach one more language to our students, but also to offer personal assistance, cultural and professional growth as well as great experiences!
In addition to our languages course and study holidays programmes, we offer to our students an array of tours and cultural trips, providing an invaluable opportunity to explore Newcastle and of North East of the United Kingdom.
Newcastle has become a world cultural Icon and has one of the five best night life's in the world! Cosmopolitan and vibrant; a stunning architecture, many art galleries and museums, music venues and concerts all around the city, massive selection of shops, from stylish boutiques to vintage shops and markets.
Not just another city, it's a must!


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Mo Farah is set for a record-breaking run in London, says Steve Jones
Posted by Euan Crumley | Apr 19, 2018 | 0
Welshman believes Farah could achieve a world marathon record in the future as well as the British record in the UK capital on Sunday
Steve Jones has no doubts whatsoever that Mo Farah will break his long-standing British marathon record in London on Sunday, insisting the former track star will be capable of threatening the world mark in future.
Jones' record of 2:07:13 has stood since he set it in Chicago in 1985 and Farah, whose only marathon performance to date produced a time of 2:08:21 back in 2014, has set his sights on succeeding the Welshman at the top of the all-time British rankings on his return to the 26.2-mile distance.
"It's going to be a matter of 'by how much?' rather than 'if'," said Jones when asked if he expects the multiple Olympic and world track champion to break his record.
"He has all the pedigree, he has all the tools. His track record speaks for itself. He's run 2:08:21 so it's not like he's stepping into the unknown.
"He's got the endurance, he's got the race experience – physically and psychologically."
Dennis Kimetto's 2:02:57 is the current world record, a time which could come under threat at the weekend unless the forecast warm weather proves too hot.
Farah has stated he will attempt to follow any moves made by the rest of the field to strike that kind of pace and, though it may not come on this occasion, Jones added: "Mo could achieve the world record. Why not?
"He's not a novice, he's running 120 miles a week and I don't see any reason why, eventually, if he decides to carry on down that road, he can't put himself in a fast race and really go for it."
Tags: London Marathon, Mo Farah, Photos by Bob Martin for Virgin Money London Marathon and Mark Shearman, Steve Jones, Virgin Money London Marathon
PreviousI'm still a student of running, says marathon star Eliud Kipchoge
NextLily Partridge's marathon motivation
Euan Crumley


Put on some Blues Traveler and rock the indigo-dyed Mattock II Shirt (...cuz it's blue, get it?). Made from 100% organic cotton and dyed with our eco-indigo dye, a bluesign® approved fabric that confirms no rivers were dyed in the making of this shirt! In a slim fit so it's trimmer by 1" in the body. Available in a long sleeve as well.
Finally some vertical stripes to make me look taller! This slim shirt fits me really tight around the shoulders, so I sized up to a large when I normally wear a medium in Toad's regular fit shirts. Even though I am wearing a large the longer length does not stand out. Well done!


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Hey Elbow - 'We Three' (album)
We wrote about a Hey Elbow single release a couple of month back, just before the release of the Swedish trio's album 'We Three', and the intervening time has given me the opportunity to really get to the know the album. Trust me, it really does take some time. Because whilst the album I wrote about last week by Red Barnett was pretty easy on the ear indie, 'We Three' has been written with a different approach, not to conform to genres, styles or stereotypes.
They've certainly achieved their objective, as it is a complex mix of sounds, and there's no doubt that this will suit music lovers who really like to get their teeth into an album, rather than those who favourite simple 'playlists'. The album has an element of continuity to it that almost gives it a feel of one long composition, which I rather like. In fact I really like the whole thing, albeit with a reservation that the technical ingenuity and musical prowess sometimes outweighs their ability to squeeze memorable melodies into their songs.
But of course it's not quite that type of album. Opening track 'Missit' demonstrates it all pretty clearly, extraordinary drum patterns, musical influences happily taken from across the world, atmospheric and thickly textured instrumentation, the depth and complexity of the sound if you really analyse is very different and interesting. And it shifts seamlessly into 'Nurture / Aptitude', which carries on in the same vein, albeit this time with a more coherent melodic structure to grasp on to, it's a really effective track.
The highlight of 'Vignette' is undoubtedly those trumpets, which seem to be echoing across a jungle filled with all worldly creatures and plant life, whilst we reviewed pre-album single 'Layers' previously – not that Hey Elbow are the type of band to opt for 'singles' that much anyway.
But it's 'Fill Holes with Hope' that is the centrepiece and highlight of the album for me, the vocals are delicate and will capture your attention, before a blaze of guitars and synths disrupts the natural balance, a searing call from the skies or from the depths of the earth – at least from somewhere anyway.
I like both the vocals and the glimpses of melody in 'Eternal', and although 'Push' is slightly indecipherable musically, 'Life Hack' opens up with a most euphoric moment that makes all the scrambling up the hill seem worthwhile. It all ends with the typically complex and get haunting 'Drainit', with apparently outrageous time signature changes, and an overwhelming and almost exhausting musical climax. It's pretty heady stuff.
David wrote last time that he found their interesting mix of styles 'quite tasty' and I definitely agree, but it's also undoubtedly 'quite chewy' too, and the ice cream dessert course does seem to have been substituted with a bowl of Oxtail soup. Don't get me wrong, I like Oxtail soup, just not so much after the Beef Wellington. I think you get the point.
But Hey Elbow are some band, and 'We Three' will take you on musical journey you probably won't have experienced before, worldly in their influences yet almost unworldly in their musical visions. I certainly feel enriched by the album, inspired a little to expand the breadth of my musical listening boundaries, whilst in terms of Hey Elbow's future musical journey, their boundaries are seemingly limitless.
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Body-mapping lines in a stretch-infused, performance wicking fabric with just-right baby stripes—this long-sleeve hooded shirt is the ultimate layering piece for active days in any season. The UPF 40 Layer First Hoodie will protect you from the sun during long hours outdoors, breathe and wick sweat when you're working hard, and feel and fit great through it all.
Women's grey polo shirt with "Earlham College" in maroon letters.
Women's Nike black and white shorts with "EC" in white letters.


An English proficiency exam for those applicants whose native language is not English.
A minimum of 80 on the TOEFL (internet-based) if not a native speaker of English. Students who are not native speakers of English but have completed their Bachelor's degree at FSU Panama or FSU Tallahassee will not need to take the TOEFL.
Official transcripts of all college/university coursework. Applicants who have completed their Bachelor's degree at FloridaStateUniversity do not have to submit official college transcripts. Transcripts issued in a foreign language must be accompanied by an official English translation.
a) Applicants who have not taken the GRE at the time of their application can be admitted conditionally, but they must take the GRE during their first or second semester of enrollment.
b) GRE Subject tests are not required.
Statement of purpose (1 required): Write a one-page, double-spaced statement about your career and educational goals.
Two academic letters of recommendation. Applicants currently or recently enrolled in college should submit letters of recommendation from faculty.
227 Jacinto Palacios Cobos St.


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Human Resources Legislative Update
Do You Employ Lawyers in your Workplace? Law Society Implements New 2017 Requirements for Licensees
October 23, 2017 · 3 min read	By: Catherine L. Peters
The Law Society of Ontario (LSO) is in the process of implementing the first of the recommendations adopted in its 2016 Report, Working Together for Change: Strategies for Addressing Issues of Systemic Racism in the Legal Profession, which will require lawyers licensed by the LSO to take action before the end of 2017.
Specifically, before January 1, 2018, all lawyers licensed by the Law Society must:
Create and adopt a mandatory individual Statement of Principles which acknowledges their obligation to promote equality, diversity and inclusion generally, and in their behaviour towards colleagues, employees, clients and the public.
In the case of legal workplaces with 10 or more lawyers, lawyers must confirm that their workplace has a human rights and diversity policy that addresses issues such as fair recruitment, retention and advancement. If the workplace does not already have such policies in place, a suitable policy must be developed and implemented.
In legal workplaces with 10 or more lawyers, existing human rights and diversity and inclusion policies should be reviewed to determine if they comply with the new LSUC requirements, and amended if necessary before the end of 2017. If policy changes are required, many employers will prefer to address this requirement on an organization-wide basis, rather than developing human rights or diversity policies which apply only to them, or (as contemplated by the LSUC) expecting lawyers to develop their own policies.
All lawyers will be asked to confirm that they have adopted and are abiding by a Statement of Principles in their 2017 Annual Report, which is due by March 31, 2018.
In workplaces with 10 or more lawyers, lawyers are expected to appoint a representative to report on behalf of the group on the development, implementation and maintenance of a human rights and diversity policy in the 2017 Annual Report.
In the case of legal workplaces with 9 or fewer lawyers, the requirement to develop, implement and maintain a human rights and diversity policy is not applicable and lawyers will not be required to report on the development, implementation and maintenance of such a policy in their 2017 Annual Report. However, the LSUC is still encouraging individual lawyers to develop a human rights and diversity policy that addresses fair recruitment, retention and advancement. Again, employers may prefer to see this addressed on an organization-wide basis, rather than by lawyers acting individually.
To learn more about whether this requirement applies to you or your workplace, consult the LSUC website. Please contact your Hicks Morley lawyer if we can assist you in ensuring the necessary steps are taken prior to December 31, 2017.
Industries: Professional & Technical ServicesTags: Legislative Initiative
Ontario Declares Emergency, Issues Stay-at-Home Order
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Confusing public agendas: Is it animal welfare? Or an absolutist campaign disguised as a call for "dialogue"?
A recent symposium at the joint meeting of The American Society of Primatologists and International Society of Primatologists focused on questions about the oversight and regulation of the housing, care, and treatment of nonhuman primates in research. Presentations of scientific research that primatologists conduct in order to inform animal care practices are a regular occurrence at ASP. This session, however, was billed as a call for dialogue. The organizers and participants included affiliates of groups and campaigns, including HSUS and PETA, that are often opposed to many types of primate research. ASP and ISP members conduct primate research in field, laboratory, zoo, and other settings across the world. The focus of this conference session appeared to be largely on laboratory research, and particularly, that work funded by the US federal agency—the National Institutes of Health—that is charged with scientific research relevant to advancing public health.
Macaque. Photo credit: Kathy West. CNPRC.
Such research is a popular target for PETA and other groups opposed to the use of nonhuman animals in research, yet it remains a fact that the great majority of US facilities that house nonhuman primates are not dedicated research facilities (see graphic; summary illustration of data from USDA). As shown here, of the just over 1,000 US facilities that are either USDA-registered for research or USDA-licensed to house nonhuman primates for other purposes, roughly 1/5th hold research registration. The majority are exhibitors. That includes zoos and other facilities that display animals to the public or engage in public interaction with the animals. In the US, the number of primates housed within each facility is reported annually for research institutions and is published by the USDA (for example, see here); however, the number of primates housed in licensed facilities is not easily accessible. This is similar to other countries.
Number of facilities by type of USDA-registration or license. Exhibitors include zoos and other facilities with public interaction. (Note: Although not necessarily required by federal law, sanctuaries may choose to be licensed as exhibitors because there is no separate category for sanctuaries.)
We've written previously about the standards of care, external oversight, and public transparency of federally-funded research within dedicated research facilities in comparison to zoos, sanctuaries, breeders, dealers, and private owners of nonhuman primates (Bennett & Panicker, 2016). In fact, some of these comparisons are central to discussions in recent months about decisions to ensure the best outcomes and long-term care of retired chimpanzees (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
The limited focus of the recent ASP/ISP conference session to nonhuman primates used in research in the US (18% of facilities) could have many explanations. We will return to consideration of these points, and to a fuller discussion of the session, in subsequent posts. To begin, however, we return to excerpts from a post we made in 2013, with points that are foundational and key to a fair dialogue.
Macaque. Kathy West. CNPRC.
Fair partners in dialogue: Starting assumptions matter and they should be spelled out
The importance and need for civil, open dialogue about the complex set of issues involved in use of animals is among the points of agreement between members of the scientific community, the public, animal rights activists, and others. Speaking of Research, along with others, has consistently advocated for and engaged in such dialogue via a number of venues, including our blog, public events, conference presentations, and articles.
One of the important purposes of dialogue is to communicate diverse viewpoints and values on animal research and one key to understanding those viewpoints and values is consideration of the basic starting assumptions, or positions, from which they arise. However, such dialogue often takes place without clear specification of the starting positions held by the people engaged in the conversation. Speaking of Research has previously highlighted the problem with this approach– for example, see Prof. Dario Ringach's posts on a series of public forums on ethics and animal research (here, here, here).
Image of mice courtesy of Understanding Animal Research
The basic position of those engaged in animal research is obvious in part by the nature of their work. Furthermore, the very structure of the current regulations and practices reflect– both implicitly and explicitly – a set of positions on the ethical and moral considerations relevant to the use of animals in research (*see below).
What are the positions of those who oppose laboratory animal research?
In some cases, these are clearly stated. In the case of absolutists, the position is that no matter what potential benefit the work may result in, no use of animals is morally justified. This extends across all animals – from fruit-fly to primate. Furthermore, all uses of animals, regardless of whether there are alternatives and regardless of the need, are treated identically. In other words, the use of a mouse in research aimed at new discoveries to treat childhood disease is considered morally equivalent to the use of a cow to produce hamburger, the use of an elephant in a circus, or a mink for a fur coat.
In this framework, the focus often excludes consideration of the harms that would accrue as a consequence of enacting the animal rights agenda. For example, the harm to both humans and other animals of foregoing research or intervening on behalf of animals. As a result, while the absolutist position is often represented as one that involves only benefits and no harms, this is a false representation. While some animal rights groups are clear about their absolutist position, others—to our knowledge—are not.
On the other hand are those who avoid identifying directly with an absolutist position, but instead focus on the need for development of alternatives to use of animals in invasive research. This is a goal that may be widely desired and shared. It does not, however, address the question of what should be done in absence of alternatives and in light of current needs that can only be addressed by animal studies. In turn then, this position is silent with respect to moral and ethical consideration of a broad swath of research and fails to offer a framework to guide current actions.
Pigtail macaques at the Washington National Primate Research Center
We believe that the goal of promoting better dialogue would be assisted by making these positions clear and we provide a starting place below. We welcome additions by individuals and groups, as well as clarification or correction if any are unintentionally misrepresented. (For additional groups see original post).
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals: Offers clear statement of absolutist position. "PETA has always been known for uncompromising, unwavering views on animal rights. PETA was founded in 1980 and is dedicated to establishing and defending the rights of all animals. PETA operates under the simple principle that animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, or use for entertainment."
New England Anti-Vivisection Society: Offers clear statement of absolutist position. "Is NEAVS against all animal experiments? Yes. For ethical, economic and scientific reasons, NEAVS is unequivocally opposed to all experiments on animals and works to replace them with humane and scientifically superior alternatives that are more relevant and predictive for humans."
Humane Society of the United States (HSUS): Does not, to our knowledge, offer a clear position on whether it is morally acceptable to use animals in research when there is no alternative. What they do say: "As do most scientists, The HSUS advocates an end to the use of animals in research and testing that is harmful to the animals. Accordingly, we strive to decrease and eventually eliminate harm to animals used for these purposes."
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM/Physicians Committee): Does not, to our knowledge, offer a clear position on whether it is morally acceptable to use animals in research when there is no alternative. What they do say: "We promote alternatives to animal research and animal testing."
How is this relevant to building productive dialogue?
For those engaged in dialogue about the ethical and moral considerations related to the use of non-human animals in research, even this brief list makes clear that it is important to ask participants to begin by putting their basic starting assumption forward. Why? For one reason, because those assumptions are key to identifying whether there are potential areas of agreement or none at all.
For example, discussing refinement of laboratory animal care with an absolutist—someone fundamentally opposed to animals in laboratories—misses the point. No amount of refinement would make the work acceptable to them. In this case, the more critical questions for discussion would include consideration of the relative risks and potential benefits of failing to perform research for which there are currently no alternatives to animal-based studies. Consideration of species' capacities and criteria for differential status– if any– would also be a useful starting point.
What about dialogue with those individuals and groups who do not provide a clear position? Does it matter?
Some would argue that it does not because the dialogue is only concerned with animal welfare and with reducing harm to nonhuman animals, or with pushing forward to develop non-animal alternatives for some types of research. In fact, framed in this way, most scientists are not only in the same camp, but are also the people who work actively to produce evidence-based improvements in welfare and development of successful alternatives.
The problem, however, is that real-time, critical decision-making about human use of other animals in research is not simple. It does require serious, fact-based consideration of the full range of risks and potential benefits, including consideration of the health and well-being of both human and nonhuman animals. It also requires clarity about alternatives, where they exist and where they do not. And it requires some understanding of the time-scales in which knowledge unfolds – often decades – and a basic appreciation for the scientific process.
It is easy to argue that developing non-animal alternatives for invasive research should be prioritized. But this argument does little to address the question of what to do now, what we do in absence of these alternatives, and what choices we should make as a society. Those questions are at the center of dialogue and the core issues with which the scientific community and others wrestle. To address them productively, and in a way that considers the public interest in both the harms and benefits of research, requires articulation of starting assumptions and foundational views.
Allyson J. Bennett
Excerpted from previous post "Fair partners in dialogue: Starting assumptions matter and they should be spelled out" 6/12/13
*For example, in the U.S., the laws and regulations that govern animal research mandate that proposals for use of vertebrate animals (including rats, mice, birds) provide, among other things: 1) a justification of the potential benefits of the work; 2) an identification of potential harms and means to reduce them; 3) evidence that alternatives to using animals are unavailable; 4) the use of the least "complex" species necessary to answer that question; and 5) much detail about the animals' care and treatment, including the qualifications and training of the personnel involved. Consideration of these issues occurs not only at the stage of IACUC evaluation, but throughout the scientists' selection of questions and studies to pursue, peer review and selection of projects for funding (more here). Furthermore, the entirety of the project must proceed in compliance with a thorough set of regulations designed on the basis of the 3Rs – reduce, replace, and refine (for more about regulation see here, more about 3Rs, here).
In other words, while there is always room for continued improvement, the structure is designed to require that the major ethical and moral considerations relevant to animal research be addressed by those involved in performing and overseeing the work. This structure also incorporates explicit consideration of changes that arise from new knowledge. That includes evolving knowledge about different species' capacities and needs, as well as the development of alternatives to animal-based studies for particular uses. It also includes advances in our scientific understanding that demonstrate the greater need for basic research that requires use of animals to address key questions.
Posted on September 1, 2016 September 1, 2016 by Editor2Posted in News, Science NewsTagged American Society of Primatologists, animal research, animal welfare, Ethics, International Society of Primatologists, monkeys, primates, public dialogue, regulation.
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Q: My value in my variable disapears (does not print) if i add or subtract a value I am making a project for school and i need to make a system that keeps the temperature around a set temperature (this is done by a phidget sensor and turning a heating and cooling
    element on and off.) the sensors values can be converted to degrees celcius with the formula ((Current Temperature + 50)*4) and i got it working for a stactic 20 degrees celcius, but now i am trying to get a temprature from a database and keep it around that temprature instead(so the temprature can be changed inside the room where the heating and cooling elements are). but when i try to convert the temperature that i got from the database to the sensor value with the formula the temp variable starts giving random numbers and i dont know why. Can someone explain or help?
(See comment toward bottom of code example for problem location)
//my code is a code written for controlling the temprature in a room
//this is done by a phidget sensor and turning a heating and cooling
//element on and of.

#include <phidget21.h> // voor phidgetfucties
#include <stdio.h>   // voor printf()
#include <mysql/mysql.h> // voor mysql querys
#include <my_global.h>

int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{   //variables
int val;
int gewensteTempratuur = 280;
int gewensteGradenCelcius = 0;
int i = 0;
int temp = 0;

CPhidgetInterfaceKitHandle ifKit = 0;
CPhidgetInterfaceKit_create(&ifKit);

CPhidget_open((CPhidgetHandle)ifKit,-1);

for(;;)
{
    CPhidgetInterfaceKit_getSensorValue(ifKit,0,&val);

    printf("Value %d \n", val);

    if(val < (gewensteTempratuur - 4)){
    //verwarming
    CPhidgetInterfaceKit_setOutputState(ifKit,0,1);
    //airco
    CPhidgetInterfaceKit_setOutputState(ifKit,1,0);
    }

    if(val > (gewensteTempratuur + 4)){
        //verwarming
        CPhidgetInterfaceKit_setOutputState(ifKit,0,0);
        //airco
        CPhidgetInterfaceKit_setOutputState(ifKit,1,1);

    }

    if((val < (gewensteTempratuur + 4)) && (val > (gewensteTempratuur - 4)))         {
        //verwarming
        CPhidgetInterfaceKit_setOutputState(ifKit,0,0);
        //airco
        CPhidgetInterfaceKit_setOutputState(ifKit,1,0);

    }

    //Database Connection
    MYSQL *conn;
    //Verbings gegevens

    char *server = "server";
    char *user = "user";
    char *password = "pass";
    char *database = "database";

    conn = mysql_init(NULL);
    if (!mysql_real_connect(conn, server,
        user, password, database, 0, NULL, 0)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", mysql_error(conn));
    }

    //getting information from the database
    if (mysql_query(conn, "SELECT Gewenstetemperatuur FROM SensorValue")){
        mysql_error(conn);
        }

        MYSQL_RES *result = mysql_store_result(conn);

        if (result == NULL){
        mysql_error(conn);
        }

        int num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);

        MYSQL_ROW row;

        while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result))){
            for (i = 0; i < num_fields; i++){
            printf("%s ", row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");

            gewensteGradenCelcius = (int)row[i];
            temp = gewensteGradenCelcius;

            printf("\n %s \n", gewensteGradenCelcius);
            printf("%d \n",temp )

            //Here is were is get stuck if i try to take the value and run it trough a
            //formula like (gewensteGradenCelcius + 50) * 4 and the try to print the
            //gewensteGradenCelcius just puts out nothing
            }
            printf("\n");
            }

            mysql_free_result(result);
            usleep(1500000);
            }

    }

A: row[i] is a text (line "20" or "18"), so this line is wrong:
        gewensteGradenCelcius = (int)row[i];

and you shoud rather write
        gewensteGradenCelcius = atoi(row[i]);

A: The conversion in your code of a number contained in string format ( row[i] ) is done incorrectly....
A C string cannot be copied into an int as you have attempted.  C does provide several ways to do this, including the following...  Change:
gewensteGradenCelcius = (int)row[i];//incorrect

To:
//EITHER
gewensteGradenCelcius = atoi(row[i]);//simple and legal C99, but not recommended
//OR
char *endptr;
gewensteGradenCelcius = (int)strtol(row[i], &endptr, 10);//recommended method
//OR
sscanf(row[i], "%d",&gewensteGradenCelcius);//recommended method

( why atoi() is not recommended )
Then, because gewensteGradenCelcius is an int your printf statement, use an int format specifier.  Change:
printf("\n %s \n", gewensteGradenCelcius);//wrong format specifier for int

To:
printf("\n %d \n", gewensteGradenCelcius);//correct format specifier
           ^^

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