GCL Site Services is a leader in supplying site services to the industrial, commercial, and oil & gas industries, and we have been providing these site services in the Edmonton area since 2001. We offer a wide array of services including small to medium scale civil work & rough grading, trenching, survey, fine grading, dewatering, erosion control, sedimentation management, installation of gravel pads, concrete forming, placement, repair & maintenance, geotextile, geogrid, geoweb, liners, flagging, water trucks, dust and debris control, grounds maintenance, snow removal, general labour, and other related services. We are one of few companies who truly can be the one stop shop for nearly all types of site services. We own a large fleet of both large and compact equipment that is available for a wide range of projects in both scope and size. Our highly trained team is experienced in professionally managing each of these projects, with our COR certified safety program overseen by qualified safety professionals and highly trained technicians to execute on each and every job.
GCL Site Services serves a unique niche in the site services industry as we specialize in small to medium sized projects. We are setup to tackle these projects most efficiently, and with a lower cost structure than many other companies who specialize in large scale civil work. We can also uniquely service clients by offering a wide range of services in this project size, making coordination and management of these various activities smooth and fluid. Our skilled project managers for the site will be the sole point of contact, with coordinated work schedules and safety systems to ensure an efficiently completed project or set of projects.
We employ highly trained staff leading teams in each of our fields, including Gold Seal Project Managers, CISEC Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Inspectors, NCSO Safety officers, Journeymen Landscape Gardeners, highly experienced equipment operators for civil, landscape, grounds, and snow removal work, and trained technicians delivering quality in all service fields.
Why is GCL Site Services the best choice for us?
GCL is the best choice for projects that fit within our niche offering because we can complete the entire project from start to finish. Few large civil contractors will complete work outside of this specific scope. Not only do we offer multi-scope services, but we have a solid understanding of how these projects can be coordinated together, delivering an efficiently completed project with the highest quality. If you are looking for a large scale civil contractor, we are not your answer. Small to medium-sized scale with variance is scope is our specialty.
What types of equipment does GCL Site Services have available?


. aperol . gin . kombucha . club soda . orange .
. mezcal . prosecco . fresh orange juice . pomegranate syrup .
. lemon . vodka . tomato juice . tabasco .
. worcestershire sauce . celery .
. chives . bacon bits . cayenne pepper .
. burrata cheese . walnut sourdough .
. prosciutto di Parma . basil .
. Catalan tomato bread . Spanish Iberico Salami "Salchichón".
. garlic . olive oil . tomato .
. brioche bread . homemade blackberry marmalade .


Artists of words in the Brainerd Lakes Area came together on Saturday to share a unique experience that's exclusive to poets and literary artists, an experience that is communal, imaginative, and compelling. Poets in the local area attended the second annual "Poetry on the Wall" event at the Franklin Arts Center to read and listen to individual poems.
Around 21 artists participated in the event. There's about 56 poems on the walls of the Q-Gallery, located in the arts center. A variety of poets submitted their work, young and old. Award-winning author Sheila O'Connor traveled from St. Paul to share her experiences with the poets. She is the author of four novels: Keeping Safe the Stars, Sparrow Road, Where No Gods Came, and Tokens of Grace. A third "Poetry on the Wall" event is expected to occur next year.


J is for Joelle: It's Clear During Stressful Times I Am A Competitive Yet Lazy Domestic Goddess!
It's Clear During Stressful Times I Am A Competitive Yet Lazy Domestic Goddess!
So.. I have learned that I am not the best house keeper when I feel stressed or sad.
Lets be honest, I am not winning any awards at the best of times, but feeling a little down does give me a more confident excuse to not be at the top of my game with laundry and dishes! The children don't mind, they are so wonderfully empathetic, resourceful and adaptable! Especially this one!
Yup, that is a pot he is eating cereal in. I told him I could get him a bowl. He assured me that this was actually better, "not only is it bigger mom, it has a handle too!"
Gawd I love these kids!
We also made pancakes the other night and, as it often does.. things got a little competitive around here.
yup, I am feeling a tad smug. Now I need to go lay down and not do the dishes from this meal.
I am grateful that I leave in 2 days to see mom and Steve. I feel helpless and useless here. Not that there will be much for me to do when I get there, but I am hoping the feelings of panic ease up a little once I am physically closer to mom. I text her and Steve a lot during the day. It's good to hear what is going on..it makes me feel helpful in a completely selfish way. I want to feel like I am a part of everything.
I want to be grateful for learning more about myself during this and how these experiences (like panic and surges of paralyzing fear) will help me be more kind and understanding to others. But I am not there yet. I am still too angry and most of the time it takes all my energy and what little focus I do have to not just yell and swear at everyone I come into contact with.
So... I am working on the gratitude's.


Austin Cycling News » Rants » Why I am not afraid of cars (Or any man).
Why I am not afraid of cars (Or any man).
How can you ride in a dangerous street with deadly metal monsters without being terrified?
1) Bicycling and walking are better for the earth. There is no doubt. Anyone with a brain knows that cars are polluting God's creation.
2) Our job on earth is to take care of God's creation, why do you think cancer exists? Is it God's punishment on man, or a natural consequence of us laying down our responsibilities?
3) When you side with God he sides with you, why do you think more people die in cars than on bikes? God protects those who do what is right. Have faith in God, and do what is right. Do not be angry about the injustice in the world, instead prove them wrong by your actions. If God be for me, who can be against me?
John Lennon said all you need is love, and he was close, but not 100% right. All you need is GOD. and God is love. If you claim you love God and destroy your fellow man and this planet, you are a LIAR.
Anyway I know this is a random collection of thoughts, and it may not be 100% cycling related, but believe.
If you live a pure life in the eyes of God, no power in heaven and earth can come against you. And this brings us back to cars, live pure in his eyes, do not defile this earth that God gave us, and he will side with you, and you will not need to fear traffic any more.
I love this! I almost got aggressively cut off in my neighbourhood yesterday. This has happened before in the same intersection. The only think I can figure is to trust in that bubble of security which surrounds me when I ride. Thanks for the rant.
These guys all agree, DO NOT bike there.
After the ride to Buda I got this email from a friend trying to bike home from the ride.
Keeping Austin from being weird.
Apparently the news people in ohio think the dead cyclist was playing chicken.
Bud Kennedy thinks that the best way to keep cyclists safe is to keep them further to the right.


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Q: Can I disable caching of Fuseki server? I want to disable SPARQL query caching of Fuseki server. Can I disable it? And how to do ? I'm considering the following ways:

*

*Using command line argument - It looks unprepared

*Using settings file (*.ttl) - I couldn't find notation to disable caching

*Edit server code - Basically I won't do it :(

Please tell how can I disable caching.

A: What caching are you talking about?
As discussed in JENA-388 the current default behaviour is actually to add headers that disable caching so there is not any HTTP level caching.
If you are using the TDB backend then there are caches used to improve query performance and those are not configurable AFAIK.  Also even if you could do it turning them off would likely drastically worsen performance so would not be a good idea.
Edit
The --mem option uses a pure in-memory dataset so there is no caching.  Be aware that this will actually be much slower than using TDB as you scale up your data and is only faster at small dataset sizes.
If you are looking to benchmark then there are much better ways to eliminate the effect of caches than turning them off since disabling caches (even when you can) won't give you realistic performance numbers.  There are several real world ways to eliminate cache effects:

*

*Run warmups - either some fixed number or until you see the system reach a steady state.

*Eliminate outliers in your statistics, discard the best and worst N results and compute your statistics over the remainder

*Use query parameterisation, use a query template and substitute different constants into it each time thus ensuring you aren't issuing an identical query each time.  Query plan caching may still come into effect but as Jena doesn't do this anyway it won't matter for your tests.

You may want to take a look at my 2012 SemTech talk Practical SPARQL Benchmarking and the associated SPARQL Query Benchmarker tool.  We've been working on a heavily revised version of the tool lately which has a lot of new features such as support for query parameterisation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: ubuntu 18:04 LTS after selecting user an error accrued and cmd open suddenly I just upgraded to ubuntu 18.04 LTS waya software update. I'm facing a strange issue. After Boot when is select user then suddenly cmd window opens.
And i cant type password into text box.
it showing Authentication error without typing password .
even next button is not working.


The kora is a twenty-one stringed harp played by the people in West Africa. Sidikiba lives outside of Bamako and is ten years old. He comes from a long line of kora players, seventy generations of players, in fact. One day when Sidikiba's father (a kora player) returned home, he brought a kora for his son. It was time for Sidikiba to learn how to play the instrument. But to learn, he first must be patient, practice and defer to the wisdom and knowledge of his elders. Sidikiba's Kora Lesson is a look at the lives and heritage of the people of West Africa. The story is detailed and the author provides definitions for words that are unfamiliar in the American culture. The illustrations are bright and detailed and add a great deal to the story. The book is expensive, priced at twenty-five dollars. But it does include a CD of Sidiki playing the kora. It is his first solo recording. Sidikiba's Kora Lesson is rich with the flavor of the West Africa culture. The text is long and detailed, which makes the book more interesting for children of about eight and older. Armchair Interviews says: Schools will especially enjoy and benefit from this entertaining and informative book and CD.
Sidikiba's Kora Lesson, a children's book written and illustrated by Ryan Thomas Skinner, is a remarkable tale of initiation. For the central character, 10-year-old Sidikiba, it is an initiation into the venerable family tradition of playing the 21-string Mande harp, the kora. For a child reading this simply told and beautifully illustrated story, it is an initiation into a world of traditional African life that remains vibrantly alive today. Sidikiba is the son of Mali's most renowned kora player, Toumani Diabate, so his initiation is rigorous, demanding, and rich with ritual and tradition. As Sidikiba becomes more fully a part of his family and musical society, the young reader learns about African history, inter-generational nurturing, and some of the most alluring music on the African continent. The audio CD of Sidiki's kora performances that accompanies the book provides perhaps its greatest surprise. The reader is guided through the seven tracks on the CD and quickly comes to appreciate that Sidikiba is more than a fortunate boy facing a big challenge. He is a young master. Skinner's warm, colorful illustrations complete the experience, helping a child of any background enter this enchanting story, and the musical culture it reveals.


interested in the origin and the meaning of "the cut of his gib". Searches yielded the meaning of angry with the gib being the lower lip, but taken in context I don't think that meaning applies. "I like the cut of his gib" seems to be the most common usage.


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HomeHome & FamilyGardeningLa La Anthony reveals that she underwent emergency heart surgery
January 7, 2022 haydenmarian7 Home & FamilyGardening
Early development plans lacked environmental protections, and the Coast Management Act of 1999 failed to protect shorelines, unlike tighter measures imposed in places like the United States and Japan, said Kim In-ho, a professor who has been leading Gangwon province's survey.
'I felt my heart racing all the time, but because it's all I ever really knew, I didn't even know that it was necessarily something wrong,' she said. 'I just thought, Oh, you just feel your heart racing sometimes because you're working too much, you haven't slept, you're stressed.'
'You want to be able to live it to the fullest, and you don't want something that can easily be corrected to be a reason why you're not able to enjoy life or be there for your family or your friends. Use me as an example of why not to wait.'
February 7 – the date of the Woodward call – is the same date Trump tweeted about China's president: 'Nothing is easy, but [Chinese President Xi Jinping] … will be successful, especially as the weather starts to warm & the virus hopefully becomes weaker, and then gone.'
The researchers found HEX decreases connectivity in parts of the brain that regulate social decision-making in women – including the decision to become aggressive – while in men it increases this connectivity.
Sacheonjin, in the eastern Gangwon province, is one of 43 such beaches designated as having "serious" coastal erosion as of 2020, up from 12 in 2018, according to a survey of 250 beaches by the oceans and fisheries ministry.
GANGNEUNG/SAMCHEOK, South Korea, Nov 19 (Reuters) – For years, the crystalline blue water and soft sand of South Korea's Sacheonjin beach has been favoured by surfers and vacationers seeking a quieter experience than more crowded options on the east coast.
In Samcheok, Slot Online Jackpot Terbesar just south of Sacheonjin, a 2020 study by the environment ministry concluded that the beach had shrunk to its smallest level since 2005, with piles of sand bags now it and the coastal forest.
The president was hopeful that we would be able to manage this and handle it in a way that we can make it go away as quickly as possible. The president rose to the occasion and did just that,' she said.
In recorded interviews that were revealed in September 2020, Trump – who regularly speaks of his disdain for much of the 'fake news' media – spoke liberally with Woodward about his inner-thoughts on the virus and private conversations with Kim Jong-un – despite having called an earlier Woodward book a 'con on the public.'
Lala Kent puts focus on baby girl Ocean after being… Megan Fox and Machine Gun Kelly cosy up for an intimate… Minibus driver, 44, who crashed as he took 18 pensioners… Lala Kent is 'hopeful and happy' about her future with…
'They were very, very concerned,' she says. 'Within a 24-hour period, they said, my heart was beating 30,000 extra beats more than the average person. It was going fast constantly.… Your heart is a muscle. If a muscle is working so hard all the time, eventually the muscle will get weak and cause heart attack, stroke, death, whatever it is.'
That erosion was partly exacerbated by the construction of a floating dock designed to supply coal to a nearby power plant, and activists fear a planned breakwater at the site could cause further damage.
In an update, officials said that they were not able to observe the reported oil sheen, and were investigating whether the sighting was related to the breached pipeline, remediation efforts, or a separate source.
'Trump never did seem willing to fully mobilize the federal government and continually seemed to push problems off on the states,' Woodward writes in the book, which follows exposes on the internal workings of administrations for decades.
In a new interview with magazine, the 39-year-old television personality described the harrowing experience during which she was rushed to the hospital after she became so light-headed that she could barely stand.
In 2019, a doctor who was examining La La while she was in Vancouver shooting BH90210 became concerned when he listened to her heart. He asked if she had talked to anyone about her PVCs and recommended that she go to the hospital for further testing .
Several officials were angry about other issues, including the use of public health emergency to deport migrants, as well as attempts by the administration to tamper with the Morbidity and Mortality report, the agency's weekly guidance.
The original leak stemmed from a 17.5-mile pipeline spanning from Amplify's Elly oil rig seven miles off the coast of Long Beach to a pump station operated by Beta Offshore, a Long Beach unit of Houston-based Amplify, and spread to a slew of beaches and coastal areas across California's Orange County
She also referenced the financial markets.
'He took this seriously but he still expressed calm. Our food supply chains were at risk. We could not have mass runs on grocery stores. The markets – Also the economy was in play here. We didn't want there to be a huge crash and panic,' she said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago: Elections go Web 2.0
Written byGeorgia Popplewell
Posted 3 September 2007 5:34 GMT
Given their small, close-knit populations, relatively low internet penetration, and the continuing primacy of the mainstream media as a source of information, most Caribbean nations are a long way from seeing the emergence of a homegrown US-style "netroots" movement that can genuinely and profoundly influence the outcome of a political election. But the "social web" seems nevertheless to be making its presence felt in election campaigns in Jamaica, where voters go to the polls today (September 3), and Trinidad and Tobago, where an election date is expected to be announced any day now. Here's a review of some of the notable uses of the web in the Caribbean's two largest and most dominant territories:
Jamaica House, Jamaican Lifestyle, Jamaica and the World, Moving Back to Jamaica, City Girl and Stunner's Afflictions, were some of the citizen voices commenting on the Jamaican election campaign, but even more notable, considering the Caribbean media's ambivalence about the read/write web, was the Jamaica Elections 2007 portal set up by the Jamaica Gleaner, the country's oldest newspaper. The portal, which carried the coveted domain name jamaicaelections.com, incorporates a forum, a photo gallery, a polling service and a blog. Much of the blog's content, however, seems to be re-purposed articles or lists of links from the Gleaner, and the photo gallery would probably have been more comprehensive if the site allowed users to contribute their own images from the campaign trail.
With Trinidad and Tobago's election date still to be annouced, it's left to be seen whether any of the country's three dailies will undertake anything similar to the Gleaner's elections portal. But politically oriented Trinidadian blogs like The Manicou Report, Jumbie's Watch, Keith in Trinidad and Trinidad Media Arts & Culture can be expected to enliven the election season discussions, as should a newly launched satirical blog purporting to present the inner thoughts of Patrick Manning, the current Prime Minister. Activist bloggers like Shivonne du Barry, Attillah Springer and the Rights Action Group, whose efforts were galvanised by the government's siting of an aluminium smelter in a rural area in southwestern Trinidad, are unlikely to be silent either.
The Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) beat the incumbent People's National Party (PNP) to the YouTube table, having posted the first of their campaign ads there back in July, and outdid the ruling party numerically as well, posting 31 videos to the PNP's 9. Also appearing on the JLP's YouTube channel are the series of televised debates between JLP leader Bruce Golding and PNP leader Portia Simpson-Miller. While most voters in Jamaica would have first been exposed to these advertisements on local television, releasing the ads and debates on YouTube makes them available to the country's large disapora community in the US and elsewhere, as well as to other interested users. Among the other election-related videos posted on YouTube or is one of a debate organised by Jamaicans living in Miramar, Florida.
Of the three leading political parties in Trinidad and Tobago, only the United National Congress (UNC) currently has a YouTube channel. YouTube user Casadoma Netvision, however, has posted five videos of meetings of the Congress of the People (CoP), the newest of the three contenders. A search for material related to the ruling People's National Movement (PNM) yielded nothing at the time of writing.
Neither of the Jamaican parties appears to have a presence on Facebook, but in Trinidad and Tobago the social networking site (currently the second most popular in the country, according to Alexa) has captured the imaginations of political parties and voters alike.
Of the three Trinidad and Tobago parties, the CoP proves to be the savviest user of Facebook. While the party risks creating confusion with its presence as both a Facebook user and a group (open membership; 682 members), the party's Youth wing has what appears to be a serious and fairly active group with 341 members. Another group called "I'm Voting COP!!!" has 142 members. Political leader Winston Dookeran has a user account which lists links to his hi5 page, two e-mail addresses and a telephone number. Moreover, Dookeran's account appears to be genuine, unlike the three claiming to belong to the current Prime Minister Patrick Manning of the PNM (the Trinidadian taste for jokes is alive and well on Facebook). Manning is also pilloried in numerous Facebook groups, including "I hate Patrick Manning" and "Manning is d worse thing that ever happen to T&T". The PNM's only openly accessible presence on Facebook appears to be a user called "Pnm People".
The UNC's presence on Facebook at the time of writing consists of a group (membership by request) with 120 members and three events.
On the voters' side of things, a well-trafficked Facebook group called "T&T Elections …are you registered and where can this be done?" started by a teenager offers information and discussion about voter registration.
Political party web sites – who's the most "social"?
Of the two Jamaican party web sites, the Jamaica Labour Party has the more promising appearance, though further examination reveals relatively standard features. A "Get Involved" link leads to a page offering users two options for donating money (PayPal and Senvia Remittance Services). The party's YouTube videos are linked to but not embedded (rather surprisingly, the site instructs users to download a Flash player to view the videos). On the plus side (arguably), the JLP web site offers party ringtones for download.
The less promising looking People's National Party web site has a similar features to its rival's, but its video section has a built-in media player. The blog advertised on the main page disappoints with its two one-sentence entries, both clearly written by a party diehard. With only hours to go before the election, the party's "Donate" link is still promising electronic donations as a "Coming Soon" feature, listing instead three bank accounts where donors could physically deposit funds, after which they were instructed to "Please call/email the People's National Party to confirm receipt."
Both Jamaican sites link to the Electoral Office of Jamaica's search engine, allowing users to confirm whether their names are on the electoral list.
Although it has yet to change its design to reflect its new title of "UNC Alliance", Trinidad and Tobago's United National Congress wins the award for the most "social" of the leading Trinidadian party web sites, as well as the most comprehensive. The UNC's web site has a prominently positioned calendar of events and speeches from party events in both print transcript and downloadable MP3 form. Users can register for accounts which give them access to polls, a discussion forum, a live chat facility and e-mail notifications of site updates, as well as the ability to submit links. The "Links" section includes links to the UNC's Facebook page, a mailing list for New York-based party members and a Yahoo User Group, plus a link to the country's Freedom of Information Act. The site accepts donations via PayPal.
The Congress of the People web site is the most attractive and most modern in appearance of the three party web sites (the party is also the most recently formed). Via the site users can join the party, sign up as volunteers or to receive news updates, and make donations via PayPal. A calendar of events is accessible only after clicking a link on the main page, and a "media" section suggests that audio and video will eventually be posted on the site, but at the time of writing contains only print material. Also missing are links to the CoP's presence else on the web, including its vibrant use of Facebook.
Visitors to the PNM web site are greeted by a Flash animation of the party seal, which immediately pushes the site into third place in terms of the modernity of its design. It's the least attractive and user-friendly of the three party sites, with no interactive features except an online poll. A multimedia page offers material dating back to 2005 and 2006 and only available in streaming Real Player of Windows Media Player format. The site's greatest asset may in fact be an interesting set of old photos of Dr. Eric Williams, the party's founder and the country's first Prime Minister.
Does the Internet matter in Caribbean elections?
With official (2006) Internet penetration figures of only 12% for Trinidad and Tobago and 39.6% in Jamaica, it's reasonable to ask whether the Internet can have a real impact on the outcome of an election in these countries. One area where it seems fairly clear the Internet can have play a role in Caribbean elections is on involving overseas diaspora communities in the political process. The donation buttons on party web sites are a sign of their keen awareness of this, notably the Jamaica Labour Party's telling link to a money transfer service specialising in remittances from overseas, which in Jamaica are said to top the list of foreign exchange inflows into the country.
Analysing the politically-oriented online activity in her country in this election year, however, Trinidadian blogger Shivonne du Barry, while celebrating the "alternative spins" on current events being provided by blogs and social networking sites, expresses some skepticism:
All of this is enough to make me think that the population is really politically savvy and educated despite the lack of structured civics education in our school system. What I worry about is whether the online community, with ready access to computers and the Internet, are an accurate representation of the general population. What about the political opinions of those on the other side of the digital divide? And it may be that the Internet is just the latest forum for Trinis to do what they do best, talk. How much this translates into action is another question. Like a friend of mine, wary of all the online talk that has been taking place, recently wrote: "While we, 'the future', sit and occupy our time amusing ourselves with all these…discussions, the true leaders in the real world are doing as they please."
Caribbean Free Radio writes in reply:
Juxtapose the 12% internet penetration rate and Danah Boyd's infamous findings about Facebook and class (assuming they apply to Trinidad and Tobago) and you conclude that Shivonne's concerns are well taken, as of course they are – they're the concerns perennially expressed in discussions about the role/value of the the internet in "developing" societies. But they also assume that, in the absence of Facebook and its equivalents, the political dialogue/activity taking place among this select group would have taken a different (and possibly superior) form (as well it might). Or taken place at all.
They also assume (more than likely correctly) that there's not some parallel activity taking place "on the other side of the digital divide" via cell phones and SMS. They also assume that all online political activity will necessarily be partisan. Might we not see some serious citizen reporting this upcoming election season? Might some ordinary person not happen to capture some priceless image or bit of footage on a cell phone camera that the jaded media practitioners have missed?
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[…] für Trinidad und Tobago, wo ein Wahltermin in den nächsten Tagen bekannt gegeben wird. Georgia Popplewell gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Blogs, Video-Posts, Social Websites und den Websites der Parteien, die […]
Jacqueline Morris
When I got a Winston Dookeran/CoP "friend request" on Hi5, it felt really weird. I don't want to be "friends" with a political party!
The UNC is really big on spamming, won't tell me where they got my email addy, and won't remove me from their mail list despite several requests.
I'm not sure that any of them are really considerate of the privacy concerns of users. That disturbs me as we are plunging into the use of these tools without any proper legal protection. I'd be happier if they were less active in using the foreign-developed online tools for marketing and more active in developing policy to do things like narrow the digital divide, developing a strong technology sector in the economy, using online tools for consultation and information, etc.
In Trinidad, the Government is creating positions internationally on all sorts of really important standards and policies without any local consultation. That sucks.
Karel - Caribbean Public Relations
Excellent post Georgia.
Blogging, Facebook and other social media tools have attracted people, and thus caused politicians to take notice of this medium. However, the key issue is the demographic that it reaches, and whether it affects the people who comprise the core of a political party's support. For example, in T&T "the grassroots" continue to be a core voting stronghold for specific parties. Are grassroots people online, and if so are they online to check their e-mail or to read blogs indepthly? A 2003 study showed that the working to middle classes are online.
Additionally, when you look at Caribbean bloggers, we're a small group, and the participants in conversations tend to be the same people most of the time.
There's also the skepticism that often pervades people's perspective of politicians. For example, Barbados' ruling and Opposition parties have blogs. Yet some may see these as just another propoganda tool. Plus, some people are very hestitant to join Facebook groups for specific parties, since they don't want to become marginalised because of who they support.
I think it's great that people are using various technologies and are going online to express their political views. It also expands room for dialogue since persons from the Caribbean diaspora who live abroad can join the conversation. A definite benefit is sharing views, which will inform how people – who are plugged into the digital world – decide to give an "X" in elections.
Georgia Popplewell Contributor profile »
I don't have a problem with T&T's political parties using foreign-developed tools if these tools are effective and especially if this allows them to tap into existing networks. But I agree that they risk alienating people and damaging their reputations if they use them badly. I don't see the sense, for instance, in the CoP being a "user" on Facebook, especially when there's already a CoP group. And spamming is of course untenable.
And I certainly take your point, Jacqueline, about their using online tools for information and consultation. I think one of the challenges, however, is that all of the parties probably need to learn how to do this offline first!
And to address Karel's point about online tools and demographics. I think that one of the things often ignored in similar discussions is that any organisation that seeks to target the general public is going to need to take a multi-pronged approach. If any political party in T&T thinks it's reaching a majority of the electorate via Facebook, then they shouldn't even bother to contest the election. But if they're aware that they're using that tool to communicate with a certain group of users, that's another matter altogether.
I think another mistake that parties may be making is seeing these tools as self-maintaining, while the reality is that the very nature of online networks makes them in many ways more difficult to maintain and control that physical ones.
One of my main concerns about the use of the Internet in this election, however, is not how parties are using it but how the electorate is using it to inform and empower itself.
Taran Rampersad
And even Taran showed up to comment…
(1) Jacqueline: You know how the UNC got your email address. There's a fellow that we all know who has made a living selling email addresses, and he wears UNC on his sleeves. If you don't know who it is, email me. I'll tell you. I'm not on good terms with that person because of a history of underhandedness (is that a word?).
On the flip side, there is a vacuum when it comes to the PNM. Of course, the Prime Minister of T&T at this time doesn't seem too interested in what the public has to say (the Smelter, for example), so it stands to reason that the internet be a pappyshow in that regard.
(2) I typically stay out of the soap opera of politics because it seems that so many people have dogs in the fight. I have been spared friend requests from political parties, perhaps because I have a bit of a reputation of not caring who people are – but caring what they do.
(3) Caribbean bloggers are a small group, yes, but I think the real problem is that much of the information comes from local media – which is biased, to say the least. No politician would want to be cast in the light of Adolf Hitler, but they certainly work the press in similar ways. I don't even read local news anymore. If I liked soap operas…
Guyana does deserve special mention here. Guyana has some great bloggers, and they are taken seriously by the media. Perhaps that is the problem.
Divide and conquer seems to work for the rest of the region.
(4) There is another tool that most people in the Caribbean haven't grokked yet – Second Life. There is a Caribbean presence within Second Life and it is growing, though it is limited to those with the appropriate levels of bandwidth.
(5) I'd love to see people take on the real elephant in the middle of the table: CARICOM. CARICOM is supposed to be good for the region, and if there is anything in the region with a big 'Blog Me' target on its back – it is CARICOM. If there is a way to apply political pressure, it would be CARICOM… but then, CARICOM doesn't seem to take the web as seriously as it should either.
(6) Elections… are how we democratically elect dicators. Writing, discussion, etc… that is real democracy… and it would be good if that actually did filter through.
In the end, there is a lot of talk and no action… and because of the media haze, one does not know if the bloggers are touching the same elephant in different places, or whether there is a herd of elephants out there. :-)
The UNC is using Akon's "Sorry – Blame it on me " for an ad. I hope they licensed it, but given the history, I doubt it. COTT apparently is on the ball here and has already contacted Akon's ppl about the ad.
Such a lack of concern for IP rights does not bode well for the tech future in the Caribbean!
Bah. The 'intellectual property' issues of the region transcend the UNC. The government collects money from video clubs every year, yet these same video clubs download unauthorized copies of movies and *rent* or *sell* them all the time.
Meanwhile, COTT harasses small business owners for playing the radio. I wrote something about this some time ago. COTT claimed it was 'upholding laws', etc – but it is selectively doing so. Any mention of COTT, therefore, will be heckled by yours truly. But then, celebrating below average performancee is to be expected in the region – the region does this consistently.
And in a political context, using COTT as a tool is just plain… political. That is sort of like using the Town and Country division in conjunction with the threat of use of the regiment to dismantle cell towers while the tens of thousands of houses which the government has put up (poorly) did not have town and country approval.
Politics is the hammer, apparently. Everything appears to be a nail. And it is the same folks running in the next election – they just moved around a little to appear like there has been some progress…
I heard we can check our status on the electoral list online…if so can someone please post the link, I can't seem to find it. thx


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
layout: quote
title: Stories are written to be sucked off the screen
date: '2015-06-17T06:08:17+04:00'
tags:
- journalism
tumblr_url: https://robertocarroll.tumblr.com/post/121745967745/stories-are-written-to-be-sucked-off-the-screen
---

Stories are written "to be sucked off the screen of a smartphone in a swaying subway train"

@zseward


Roll'eat has come to your world to spread our desire for freedom, fun, positive energy and a refreshing perspective. We believe that a correct combination of these attributes will inspire you to see solutions where others only see problems. Our creativity has forced us to reinvent our world – Why wrap a sandwich, when we can dress it up? Why stick to a boring lunch box, when we have combined the efficiency of a lunch bag and a placemat into a product that can be used and enjoyed multiple times over? We are committed to promoting wiser consumption by wasting less and re-enjoying more!


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How the Webcamming Industry Attracts and Traps the Financially Desperate
There are very few qualifications needed to become a webcam performer, which means college students and single moms are taking the bait to enter this predatory industry.
By Fight the New DrugNovember 18, 2021No Comments
The "gig economy" helps people around the world find side jobs for a little extra income. Maybe Uber, Airbnb, or TaskRabbit come to mind.
If you need a job done or have a talent you can monetize, there's an app to help you do it.
This style of temporary, contract, or freelance work is found in almost every industry today, including pornography. As free tube sites entered the adult entertainment market, overtaking profits from traditional adult film production studios, porn performers sought additional ways to make money. One example is webcam performing/modeling.
Webcamming has grown in popularity for both models and consumers. Data from a webcam management agency reported the average number of viewers has risen by 29% from 2019 to 2020, and the industry is estimated to be worth almost $10 billion annually.
Related: I Thought I'd Make Bank As A Dominatrix Webcammer—This Is What It Was Really Like
This line of work is often praised by fans and for its entrepreneurial spirit. Performers can supposedly be their own boss, choose their hours, and set their own terms, including turning down client requests in a way an in-person prostituted person is unable.
While touted as "safe" for models, we should be wary of an industry built largely on women trying to make ends meet.
Reports suggest there is an increasing number of women, in particular, supplementing their income with webcamming.
Here's how it works: They create a profile on one of the major webcamming sites—which takes a significant cut of the cam girl's profits—and try to attract clients who will pay to view a live stream. The interactions range from sex acts to dancing to chatting, and literally everything in between. Some consumers prefer softer content that mimics the "girlfriend" experience, while others seek performers to satisfy their sometimes violent fetishes.
Webcamming has very few qualifications to entry. No work experience or university degree required, which is why there are rising numbers of university students now webcamming to help pay tuition fees. The number of mothers in low-paid jobs entering the industry is also on the rise.
Related: 21-Year-Old Webcammer Died While Performing Dangerous Sex Act For Client
Poverty is often at the root other issues like sex trafficking, where women in lower socio-economic situations are vulnerable. The reports of single mothers and university students turning to webcamming suggest a similar financial struggle.
But webcamming has a perception problem: It's widely believed that webcamming is different from and less stigmatized than selling sex, also that it is safer than meeting a buyer face to face. But as we will see, the idea of webcamming being a risk-free industry is, itself, a fantasy.
Not safe behind the screen
Throughout the world, the webcamming industry has become saturated. Cam girls in Western countries compete with models from lower-income countries like Romania, Columbia, and the Philippines. These countries are known as hubs for the webcam industry, and models usually work under contract to studios sometimes working in exploitative conditions or as cybersex trafficking victims.
The huge number of webcammers means performers need to be creative. To actually make money, they need to find a niche audience and have some marketing and relationship building skills to entice clients.
The industry may have begun with "stripteases" on camera, but just like in mainstream porn, consumers get bored with basic sex acts and request something new. One of the supposed perks of webcamming is the ability to say no to requests a model may be uncomfortable performing, but saying no can result in poor reviews hurting their ability to book other clients. Make no mistake, consumers can and do make degrading fetish or even violent requests to pay the bills.
One extreme case shows how the webcam industry can be deadly.
Related: Uncovering The Dark World Of Trafficking In The Webcamming Industry
In June 2019, a 21-year-old woman named Hope Barden died performing asphyxiation sex acts in a webcam session for a 45-year-old man, a regular client of hers. He made no call for help, glued to his screen as Hope struggled to breathe. The man reportedly requested for Hope to perform increasingly dark and dangerous sex acts that ultimately lead to this tragedy.
In the wake of Hope's death, cam girl Elysia Downings confirmed that she too had been the recipient of extreme requests with clients asking her to choke, suffocate, and hit herself for their sexual pleasure.
Other girls shared stories of being stalked by clients or recognized in their daily lives. A 30-year-old woman who has been webcamming since 2010 said she has had men email her to say they saw her shopping or going for a run, leading to a feeling of being "surveyed."
If a consumer does stalk or harass a model, there is little protection from the industry that employs the models. Too often outside of the webcamming and porn worlds, the response is victim-blaming and something like, "What did you expect to happen?"
Related: My Name Is "Pretty": Real Confessions Of An Ex-Webcam Girl
Instead of asking why cam girls feel coerced into complying with these dangerous requests, we should be asking why these requests are being made in the first place.
Because a webcammer's work takes place online, they are at risk of being harassed there too. The biggest concern is doxxing, when an individual's personal information such as contact details and private documents are published online. Combined together, webcammers can feel unsafe in the online and real world.
For sale: your body
When one 20-year-old woman found herself homeless and needing to provide for her three-year-old daughter, she turned to webcamming.
She hated logging on for the first time because she said she has "zero tolerance for sexism and views porn as incredibly damaging for women." (The same is true for men, too.) But she made a deal with herself to do it until she got back on her feet. Here's what she had to say about how perception problem:
"The media are quick to glamorize this job, but the truth is, it's emotionally and…draining. I hate objectifying myself."
I hate objectifying myself. That's really what webcamming is. Objectification and exploitation of people, often women, who are struggling financially or living in countries with fewer career opportunities.
Related: Webcam Scams: Inside The Dark World Of Online Blackmail And Sextortion
One ex-cam girl wrote to us explaining how her value to the webcamming world was based on how pretty she was, how much she was willing to show, and how extreme she was willing to act. She said she began to believe these lies about herself, that her value as a person was dependent on her sexuality. This is often the case with objectification and leads to negative psychological effects.
While webcamming is considered safe and empowering by our general culture, this is clearly not the full story. Taina Bien-Aimé, Executive Director of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, put it this way:
"As long as men can consume pornography, as long as they can consume a woman in the sex trade, we will not have gender equality. They will not perceive any woman as equal to them. They will always be purchasable, always be objectified, always be sexualized."
This is why we stand against sexual exploitation in all forms, and we invite you to join us.


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Aurora Brief Reviews
UEA student spoke in House of Commons about diversity in the curriculum
A student from the University of East Anglia (UEA) spoke in the House of Commons after her petition to integrate diversity into the school curriculum reached 88,000 signatures.
Cynthia Ashlyne Muthoni who is 22 and studying MSc Climate Change and International Development at UEA presented via video link to a joint session of the Petitions Committee and Women and Equalities Committee on Thursday (5 November).
She is classed as vulnerable to COVID-19 and therefore was unable to physically attend protests over the death of George Floyd in the USA and calls for racial equality in the UK in June, so as an alternative method of protest she started the online petition. Within 48 hours of Cynthia setting up the online petition it gained 10,000 signatures, the necessary amount needed for the Government to respond, and it has steadily grown to just over 88,000 signatures.
Cynthia has experienced and witnessed racism throughout her life. She believes that the key to preventing it in education, healthcare, employment and other parts of society is to actively teach anti-racism to children in schools, so the next generation doesn't become perpetrators or victims.
She said: "I remember being in school and always being called by the name of another black pupil despite us looking completely different. Teachers were angry to the point they would begin yelling at me for not responding and were later embarrassed by their actions. Sadly, this isn't the only time I have been subject to racism.
"I would like teachers to be given appropriate anti-racism training, so they feel knowledgeable, confident, and empowered teaching such topics as well as when providing advice and assistance with any incidents of racism.
"Seeing the response to the petition is heart-warming, knowing so many people are co-signing and advocating for your idea because they recognise its importance. It gives you more confidence in your beliefs, it encourages you, and your determination becomes unwavering.
"It's an honour to appear in parliament in any sense, but to be given the privilege to voice your ideas to people who have the power to affect real change is truly incredible. I feel prepared to combat this argument and demonstrate the necessity of education on racism and diversity being made mandatory.
"My aim is to have this idea transformed into legislation so that a significant portion of the curriculum is dedicated to deconstructing ideas of racism, providing children with tools necessary to combat racism, to become anti-racist and an ally.
"Instead of diversity (racially, ethnically, and culturally) being something children are told to tolerate, it should be something they are taught to celebrate. Diversity isn't just acknowledgement of differences it's the empowerment of the elements that make us different."
Catherine McKinnell MP, Chair of the Petitions Committee, said: "I am pleased that the Petitions Committee is able to hold this joint evidence session with the Women and Equalities Committee and members of the Education Committee on such an important issue. This joint work allows us to delve deeper into concerns to petitioners that cut across policy areas.
"In the last few months, petitions calling for greater diversity in the National Curriculum have seen more than 390,000 signatures. Although the Government's response to one of these petitions states that the curriculum provides teachers with 'opportunities…to teach about Britain's role in colonisation and the transatlantic slave trade', many petitioners feel this does not go far enough in ensuring that students experience a fully diverse education all year round."
Caroline Nokes MP, Chair of the Women and Equalities Committee added: "To tackle racism and create a more equal and just society, we must understand and learn from the past. That starts in schools, with a more inclusive history curriculum. The sheer number of signatures these petitions have received show the strength of feeling on these issues. The Woman and Equalities Committee wants to work with the Petitions Committee and colleagues on the Education Committee to explore this in more detail."
To view the petition, visit: https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/323808
This news is related to:
What are students experiencing right now?
Aurora Student Representative Emily Reise (UIce) reflects in this blog on the impacts of COVID-19 on student lives and how Aurora can accommodate. Read more
Elísabet Brynjarsdóttir is Outstanding Young Icelander 2020
Elísabet Brynjarsdóttir, former President of the Aurora Student Council, was recently selected as Outstanding Young Icelander of 2020. Read more
Palacky University New Associate Member of the Aurora Network
Aurora welcomes Palacky University in Olomouc (Czech Republic) as an associate member to the Aurora Universities Network. Read more
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Can a pre-training biomechanical pathway identify the most effective exercise to enhance a given group's, subgroup's or individual's countermovement jump height?
Background: Countermovement jump (CMJ) ability is an important contributor to successful performance in many sports. While the drop jump, squat, jump squat and power clean training exercises are each purported to enhance maximal CMJ jump height, there are generally inconsistent findings regarding their effectiveness at doing so. The resounding implication of this is that a coach cannot be sure as to which training exercise will be most effective at enhancing their athletes' CMJ jump height. In an attempt to address this issue a biomechanical diagnostic and prescriptive pathway has been proposed that may allow the pre-training identification of the most effective exercise to enhance a given group's, subgroup's or individual's CMJ jump height. The current study aims to test the efficacy of the proposed pathway with a single acute research study and two training studies. Methods: All three studies required a kinetic and kinematic analysis of the CMJ and each training exercise under examination (study 1: drop jump, jump squat, squat and power clean; study 2: low amplitude drop jump; study 3: larger amplitude drop jump). From ground reaction force and motion data, kinetic, kinematic and coordination parameters were calculated at the whole body, hip, knee and ankle. Correlation analysis was used to identify CMJ performance related factors (PRFs) while tests of statistical difference were used to identify the acute training stress experienced by CMJ PRFs. Findings: Study one indicated that the proposed pathway may provide a means by which to identify the most effective exercise to enhance a given group's, subgroup's or individual's CMJ jump height. However, these findings were based on the results (statistical relationships and differences) of an acute study, which required verification with training studies. The combined results of study two and study three (drop jump training intervention studies) did not support the efficacy of the proposed pathway. This was due to the fact that (a) CMJ PRFs were not necessarily true CMJ performance determining factors, and (b) the acute pretraining stress experienced by a given CMJ PRF did not necessarily give an insight into its subsequent post-training change. Conclusion: Based on findings 'a' and 'b' (above) the use of the proposed pathway to identify the most effective exercise to enhance a given group's, subgroup's or individual's CMJ jump height cannot be supported.


books and clothes have a lot of fascination. But some people don't like those used items. I understand these both opinions.
I love old something used for a long time through many people's love.
But all old items are not always fit for my mind.
When I decide to buy the old something, I feel them, can they make me happy or not.
Some people may say that it's nonsense and just your imagination, and they will say that you should buy it if you like it and the price is good.
It's rights, but sometimes I cann't do that.
What gave me in my heart? Why?
After my thonght, I found some texts for "Wabi Sabi" that is unique Japanese traditional culture.
When I read these definitions, I understoo my these strange feeling.
Although I didn't spend my childhood in the traditional Japanese style, but I had these "Wabi Sabi" feeling in the bottom of my heart.
When I spend my daily life with my favorite antiques, I can be so calm mind.
In this life, I want to find some truly beauty, love, happy and brightning future through my favorite things like lovely antiques.


text:
HomePosts tagged 'mitzi rogers'
mitzi rogers
Softly Softly: Task Force – The Witness (25th October 1972)
April 9, 2019 March 30, 2019 archivetvmusings BBC Drama - 1970's	frank windsor, mitzi rogers, ron pember, softly softly: task force series three and four, stratford johns
The Witness was one of two SS:TF directorial credits for David Maloney. Knowing his fondness for using a regular "rep" of actors, I had a quick skim through the cast list to see if I could spot any familiar names.
There's Tony McEwan, for one. Maloney had already used him in one Doctor Who (The War Games) and would later cast him in another (Planet of Evil) in addition to Hawkeye, The Pathfinder. Given McEwan's fairly limited list of credits, these performances constitute a fairly sizeable chunk of his television career.
Today he's playing Carson, a lorry driver whose cargo (scotch whisky worth twenty grand) is hijacked by a gang of gun-toting masked men. It's not the best performance you'll ever see (although there's a even less convincing one later) but Carson's interrogation is still highly entertaining, mainly because both Barlow and Watt are in the room.
The pair work well apart, but something special tends to happen whenever they team up. They'd begun the episode in Barlow's office, enjoying a late-night drink. Barlow, still smarting that his promotion prospects have been dashed, was clearly in need of a shoulder to cry on and Watt fitted the bill nicely. As for Watt, having done his duty he was looking forward to getting off home, but a last minute phone-call (about the robbery) dashed that.
For Barlow (fretting about his empty house) more work is just the ticket. Watt seems less enthused about rushing straight over to take charge, although the private smile he gave before they both left the office was a nice little moment, letting the audience know that he didn't mind that much (presumably he's just relieved that Barlow has something new to occupy him).
The always-reliable Ron Pember turns in another good performance as Wilf Taylor. He's a member of the gang, albeit a somewhat sickly and insubstantial one. The power behind the throne seems to be his wife, Betty (Mitzi Rogers). SS:TF wasn't renowned for having that many strong female guest roles (crime back in the seventies seemed very much to be a man's world) so Betty is a notable character, even if she does end up as a victim by the end of the episode.
She runs a corner shop (which bears a passing resemblance to Awkright's store) and right from the off is very combative. Dominating the weak Wilf, she then steps up the intensity another couple of notches when the police come calling.
Most of her early ire is directed at DS Green (Heather Stoney). If the series didn't specialise in decent female guest roles, then it also was struggling at this point with its female regulars. Stoney, with her handful of appearances across the third and fourth series, always played what she was given very well, but Green was rarely placed in the centre of a story.
Mitzi Rogers has the best guest role of the episode (Betty's heavy blue eye shadow and leopard skin coat helps to make her stand out) but James Mellor, as Albert Dirman, is also very watchable. Dirman is the Mr Big of the hijackers and reacts with cold fury when he mistakenly believes that Wilf's talked to the police (he hasn't, but Betty has).
Dirman's promise to disfigure Betty with acid is a chilling one, although the threat is slightly negated when the instrument of his retribution – Stan (Gordon Bilboe) – lumbers into view. Partly it's because of the haircut, moustache and suit, but there's no denying that Bilboe's performance is rather stilted. True, he's not gifted terribly good dialogue (mostly it's of the "you got nothing on me, copper" variety) but Bilboe's delivery doesn't help ….
The late action scene (Hawkins purses a fleeing Stan) isn't that convincing, but the main thrust of the episode – the way that Barlow manipulates both Wilf and Betty in order to nail Dirman – is very compelling. And the final sting in the tail (even after Betty's been attacked with an iron bar, Wilf is unwilling to talk) is a fascinating wrinkle. Another strong series four entry.


Pint Glass Koozies are lovely costumes worn by glasses. They are highly popular products on account of their myriad uses and desirable characteristics. Economical and attractive, they can be printed in any way with the event or company information. People order them for programs and businesses order them for running their promotional events. For those with little or no idea on how to order for pint glass koozies, here are a few expert buying tips.
The first step to get the best pint glass koozies is to choose the right material to make them. Pint glass koozies come in a variety of materials. The most common characteristic of the koozie material is flexibility and softness. The koozies are intended to add more grips to the pint glasses. In addition, they add color and life to the otherwise bare looking glasses. Over and above, koozies help preserve the temperature of the liquids contained in the glasses. While neoprene is the most popular material that is also cheaper to other options, you can as well explore the other choices with the suppliers.
Koozies can be crafted in any size you want. However, for pint glass koozies, there are a few popular sizes. Go for the most common size since the people receiving them should be able to use them on the common glasses they have. In fact a particular size can go with a few different sizes of glasses since the koozies are flexible and can be slipped on to the glasses conveniently. So, work on this aspect with a little forethought.
The color of the koozies is a vital topic in customizing pint glass koozies since the attractiveness of the koozie ultimately depends on the color of the koozie. In choosing the color of the koozie, several aspects need to be considered. If you have a theme for the event for which you wish to get the koozies, then plan the color depending on the theme. If you wish to print the koozie with your company information and logo, the color choice must take into account the color of the material you want to print on the koozies since the koozies will have to provide a fitting background to the printed matter.
Depending on why you order the koozies, you can customize them in several ways. You can print the koozies with the event information. This can help preserve the memories of the event for long after the event. If you wish to distribute the koozies as a promotional product, you can arrange to print them with the company and product information. While customizing the koozies, take into account the target group. If you are dealing with products for women, go for soft colors and in case of targeting men, go for fast colors. In this way, working on several aspects of the koozie will let you get a unique koozie that stands out from the rest in the market.


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Our goal is to help you with marketing your restaurant using a well optimized website to help customers find you. Your restaurant customers can also be provided with a quick and easy way to enjoy your food through our custom-designed dedicated mobile app for your restaurant. This will enable your customers to view your menu, place orders and automatically calculate the total price, including tax, at the checkout stage, allowing them to enjoy delicious food with just a few taps on their smartphone screen.


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Мост — дорожное сооружение, возведённое над каким-либо препятствием, например, через водоём, овраг.

Мост, возведённый через дорогу или железнодорожные пути , называют путепроводом, через овраг или ущелье — виадуком. Мост является одним из древнейших инженерных изобретений человечества.

Конструкция

Как правило, мосты состоят из пролётных строений (упрощённо — пролёт) и опор. Пролётные строения служат для восприятия нагрузок и передачи их опорам; на них может располагаться проезжая часть, пешеходный переход, трубопровод и так далее. Опоры переносят нагрузки с пролётных строений на основание моста.

Пролётные строения состоят из несущих конструкций: балок, ферм, диафрагм (поперечных балок) и собственно плиты проезжей части. Статическая схема пролётных строений может быть арочной, балочной, рамной, вантовой или комбинированной; она определяет тип моста по конструкции. Обычно пролётные строения прямолинейны, однако в случае необходимости (например, при постройке эстакад и дорожных развязок) им придают сложную форму: спиралеобразную, кольцевую, и так далее.

Пролётные строения поддерживаются опорами, каждая из которых состоит из фундамента и опорной части. Формы опор могут быть весьма разнообразными. Промежуточные опоры называются быками, береговые — устоями. Устои служат для соединения моста с подходными насыпями.

Материалами для мостов служат металл (сталь и алюминиевые сплавы), железобетон, бетон, природный камень, дерево, верёвки.

Схема моста — формула, в которой последовательно представлены размеры расчётных пролётов — расстояния между центрами опорных частей пролётных строений. Если несколько последовательных опорных частей имеют одинаковый размер, указывается их количество, помноженное на размер каждого. Например (вымышленный «мост»), схема моста 5+3x10+4 м значит, что у первого пролётного строения моста расчётный пролёт — 5 метров, три следующих — по 10 метров каждый и пятый — 4 метра.

Классификация

Временные мосты на плавучих опорах называют наплавными, или понтонными.

Мосты бывают одно и много (два, три и так далее) пролётные.

По назначению
По назначению мосты различают:
 автодорожный
 железнодорожный
 городской
 пешеходный
 совмещенный
 специальный

Выделяют также трубопроводные мосты, акведуки (используются для транспортировки воды) и виадуки (мосты через овраги или ущелья; соединяют точки, равные по высоте).

По статической схеме
По статической схеме мосты делятся на балочные, распорные и комбинированные.

 Балочные — самый простой вид мостов. Предназначены для перекрытия небольших пролётов. Пролётные строения — балки, перекрывающие расстояние между опорами. Основная отличительная особенность балочной системы состоит в том, что с пролётных строений на опоры передаются только вертикальные нагрузки, а горизонтальные отсутствуют. Балочные мосты разделяют на следующие типы:
 Разрезная система — состоит из ряда балок, причём одна балка перекрывает один пролёт. Система статически определима и может применяться при любых типах грунтов. Недостатки: большое количество деформационных швов и обязательное наличие двух опорных частей на каждой промежуточной опоре.
 Неразрезная система — одна балка пролётного строения перекрывает несколько пролётов или сразу все. Таким образом, пролётное строение неразрезной системы рассчитывается как многоопорная статически неопределимая балка с использованием метода сил, метода перемещений или других методов расчёта статически неопределимых систем, применяемых в строительной механике. Неразрезная система хороша меньшим, чем в разрезной, количеством деформационных швов и меньшей строительной высотой. Недостаток такой системы — чувствительность к деформации основания.
 Консольная система — состоит из двух типов балок. Одни балки опираются на две опоры и имеют консольные свесы. Другие балки называются подвесными, поскольку опираются на соседние балки. Соединение балок осуществляется при помощи шарниров. Достоинством консольной системы является её статическая определимость, а следовательно, лёгкость расчёта и нечувствительность к грунтам. К недостаткам системы можно отнести большое количество и сложность устройства деформационных швов шарнирного типа, а также нарушение комфортности проезда в зоне шарниров. В настоящее время мосты такой системы сооружаются редко.
 Температурно-неразрезная система — состоит из двухопорных балок, объединённых в цепь с помощью верхней соединительной плиты. Под действием вертикальных нагрузок такая система работает как разрезная, а под действием горизонтальных — как неразрезная. Её достоинством является меньшее количество деформационных швов, а недостатком — обязательное наличие двух опорных частей на каждой промежуточной опоре.
 Во всех вышеперечисленных схемах мостов пролётные строения могут изготавливаться как в виде сплошных балок различного сечения, так и в виде решётчатых конструкций, то есть ферм.
 Ферменные — как правило, железнодорожные мосты с пролётом свыше 50 м. Преимущества фермы — лёгкая конструкция, позволяющая перекрывать достаточно большие пролёты (обычно от 40 до 150 м). Фермы изготавливают из стандартного стального проката. Единственная в мире эксплуатируемая железобетонная мостовая ферма находится в г. Белово Кемеровской области на подъездных железнодорожных путях предприятия.

 Распорные системы — отличаются от балочных тем, что нагрузки, передаваемые с пролётных строений на опоры, имеют не только вертикальную, но и горизонтальную составляющую, называемую в строительной механике распором. Выделяют несколько разновидностей распорных систем, довольно сильно отличающихся друг от друга:
 Арочный мост — классический тип каменного моста, известный с глубокой древности: основными несущими конструкциями являются арки или своды. Арка — криволинейный брус, у которого поперечный размер меньше высоты. Свод — криволинейный брус, у которого ширина сечения значительно больше высоты.
 Висячие — мост, в котором основная несущая конструкция выполнена из гибких элементов (канатов, цепей и др.), работающих на растяжение, а проезжая часть подвешена. Этот вид представляют все крупнейшие по длине и высоте пролёта мосты мира. Интересным вариантом висячего моста является живой корневой мост, распространённый на востоке Индии.
 Вантовые — разновидность висячих мостов: функцию основной несущей конструкции выполняет вантовая ферма, выполненная из прямолинейных стальных канатов. Ванты прикреплены к пилонам — высоким стойкам, монтируемым непосредственно на опорах. Пилоны в основном располагаются вертикально, но не исключено и наклонное их расположение. К вантам крепится балка жёсткости, на которой располагается мостовое полотно. Ванты располагаются под углом наклона к горизонтали не менее 30 градусов, так как в противных случаях в них возникают большие усилия, и жёсткость сильно уменьшается. Балку жёсткости лучше выполнять коробчатого сечения, поскольку это улучшает её работу на кручение от временных нагрузок и от действия ветра. Наиболее часто вантовая система применяется при перекрытии глубоких и/или широких рек и в городских условиях.
 Рамная система — состоит из рам, стойки которых выполняют функцию опор, а ригели — функцию пролётных строений. По форме рамы могут быть Т-образными, П-образными, а также иметь две наклонные стойки и консольные свесы (специального названия не имеют). Достоинствами рамной системы являются небольшая строительная высота и увеличенное по сравнению с балочными системами подмостовое пространство. Всё это делает рамные конструкции удобными для путепроводов и эстакад. Также данная система может быть применена в горных условиях из-за того, что там в силу особенностей рельефа нельзя понизить уровень проезда. Недостатками рамной системы являются сложность строительства и чувствительность к деформации основания. Такие системы в настоящее время малоприменимы из-за дороговизны и специфичности.
 Комбинированная схема — наиболее часто встречается балка с арочной подпругой; как правило, это городские мосты через большие реки.

По уровню проезда
 С ездой понизу: чаще всего сквозные фермы или арочные; все виды висячих мостов; встречаются также балочные конструкции, где подвижная нагрузка передвигается между основными несущими элементами;
 С ездой посередине: чаще всего арочные конструкции, в которых пяты арок находятся значительно ниже, а замок — выше уровня проезжей части;
 С ездой поверху: подавляющее большинство классических балочных, а также рамных конструкций; встречаются также фермы и реже арки.

Разводные мосты

Особый тип мостов — разводные мосты. В разведённом состоянии мост не мешает проходу судов. Своими разводными мостами знаменит Санкт-Петербург, где все мосты через Неву, кроме Большого Обуховского моста, являются разводными.

Особые конструкции разводных мостов:
 мосты, разводимые поднятием средней части:
 первый тип: пролёт поднимается в горизонтальном положении вверх (например, железнодорожный мост в Ростове-на-Дону);
 второй тип: пролёт или пролёты поднимаются, поворачиваясь вокруг одного из шарниров (например, Дворцовый мост в Санкт-Петербурге);
 поворотные мосты: у таких мостов средняя часть шарнирно укреплена на стоящей в середине реки опоре. Мост разводится поворотом средней части на 90°, таким образом средняя часть становится параллельна руслу реки. Примером такой конструкции служит Варваровский мост в украинском городе Николаеве, поворотный пролёт которого имеет длину 134 м, и мост в Валенсии, по которому проложена трасса для гонок Формулы-1.

История

Природным прототипом моста являлось дерево, упавшее с одного берега на другой.
В сущности, такими же являлись и возникшие в глубокой древности примитивные мосты, представлявшие собой перекинутое через ручей бревно (брёвна).

Позже в качестве материала начали использовать камень. Первые подобные мосты стали строить в эпоху рабовладельческого общества. Первоначально из камня делали только опоры моста, но потом и вся его конструкция стала каменной.

В Средние века рост городов и бурное развитие торговли вызвало необходимость в большом количестве прочных мостов. Развитие инженерной мысли позволило строить мосты с более широкими пролётами, пологими сводами и менее широкими опорами. Самые крупные мосты того времени достигают в пролёте более 70 метров.

У славян вместо камня используется дерево. «Повесть временных лет» сообщает о постройке моста в Овруче в X веке:
Пошёл Ярополк на брата своего Олега в Деревскую землю. И вышел против него Олег, и исполчились обе стороны. И в начавшейся битве победил Ярополк Олега. Олег же со своими воинами побежал в город, называемый Овруч, а через ров к городским воротам был перекинут мост, и люди, теснясь на нём, сталкивали друг друга вниз.

В XII столетии в Киеве появился наплавной мост через Днепр. В то время наиболее распространёнными на Руси были арочные деревянные мосты.

В то же время у инков получают распространение верёвочные мосты, представляющие собой простейшую форму висячих.

В XVI и XVII веках появилась необходимость в ещё более крупных мостах, которые могли бы пропускать большие корабли. В XVIII веке высота пролёта мостов достигает более чем 100 м. Нереализованным остался проект деревянного одноарочного моста через Неву длиной 298 м, составленный Иваном Петровичем Кулибиным.

С конца XVIII века для строительства применяется металл. Первый металлический мост был построен в , Великобритания на реке Северн в 1779 году. Высота его пролёта составляла около 30 м, перекрытия представляли собой чугунные арки.

В XIX веке появление железных дорог потребовало создания мостов, способных выдерживать значительные нагрузки, что стимулировало развитие мостостроения. Постепенно в качестве основных материалов в мостостроении утверждаются сталь и железо. Густав Эйфель в 1877 году построил арочный мост из литого железа через реку Дору в Португалии. Высота пролёта этого моста составила 160 м. Длиннейшим в Европе конца XIX века был мост через Волгу в Сызрани, построенный по проекту Николая Аполлоновича Белелюбского и составлявший 1443 м в длину. В 1900 году медали на Всемирной выставке в Париже удостоился мост через Енисей в Красноярске (проект Лавра Дмитриевича Проскурякова).

В XX веке мосты стали строить также из железобетона. Этот материал выгодно отличается от стали тем, что не требует регулярной покраски. Железобетон применялся для балочных пролётных строений до 50 м, а арочных — до 250 м. Продолжает применяться и металл — в XX веке были построены крупные металлические мосты — балочный через реку Святого Лаврентия в Канаде (длина пролёта 549 м), через пролив Килл-ван-Килл в США (503,8 м), а также мост «Золотые ворота» в Сан-Франциско, США (длина главного пролёта — 1280 м).

Крупнейшие мосты современности, в том числе, высочайшие в мире Виадук Мийо и мост Акаси-Кайкё (длина главного пролёта 1991 м), относятся к вантовым и подвесным. Подвесные пролётные строения позволяют перекрывать наибольшие расстояния.

Строительство мостов

Первым (и самым дорогим — до 50 % расходов от общей стоимости строительства) этапом в построении моста является возведение опор. На берегу опоры сооружают в открытых котлованах и в опускных колодцах. На месте каждой будущей опоры на дне реки, залива или пролива, рыхлый слой ила удаляют земснарядами до располагающейся под этим илом более твёрдой, желательно скальной, монолитной породы, на которой затем с помощью кессонов, водолазов и подводных роботов-манипуляторов под водой устанавливают опалубку с арматурой и бетонируют. Слоями железобетонную конструкцию наращивают вверх, пока она не вырастет из-под воды на нужную для данной опоры высоту.

При строительстве малых и средних мостов в качестве опор часто используют множество свай — несущих оболочек. Их погружают в грунт при помощи дизельных молотов и электрических вибропогружателей. При возведении больших мостов используют в основном сборные оболочки свай диаметром до 3 м. В настоящее время наиболее популярным фундаментом на свайном основании является фундамент на буронабивных сваях (БНС), сооружаемых бурением в обсадной инвентарной трубе. Данная конструкция применяется как на суше, так и на акватории.

Пролётные строения обычно устанавливают на опоры монтажными кранами. При строительстве больших мостов пролётное строение нередко собирают на берегу и затем перемещают (надвигают) по опорам с одного берега на другой. Навесной метод установки предполагает наращивание конструкции от опоры моста в его пролёт. При этом применяют навесной монтаж с помощью крана, двигающегося по уже построенной части (для металлических пролётных строений) или же навесная сборка с изготовлением отдельных элементов на заводе и последующей транспортировкой их к объекту (для железобетонных).

С середины 90-х годов XX века начала применяться технология изготовления плитно-ребристых пролётных строений из монолитного предварительно напряжённого железобетона. Данная технология имеет ряд преимуществ по сравнению с сооружением пролётного строения из сборных элементов.

Иначе происходит строительство навесных мостов: оно начинается с установки пилонов; затем на них подвешиваются временные кабели. С их помощью производится навивка основных кабелей моста, после чего монтируют подвески и балку жёсткости.

Для сокращения затрат на строительство мостов уменьшают их длину, заваливая землёй некоторые мелководные акватории заливов, проливов и русел рек. Вместо больших и дорогостоящих мостов сооружаются транспортные дамбы и искусственные острова, дополненные сравнительно небольшими и дешёвыми мостами.

Архитектура мостов

Многие мосты являются выдающимися памятниками зодчества и инженерного искусства. В некоторых городах, таких как Санкт-Петербург или Прага, мосты являются неотъемлемой частью городской архитектуры.

В классическом стиле выполнены многие древнеримские мосты: почти лишённые декора, они, тем не менее, за счёт своей массивности и выразительной архитектоники создают ощущение прочности и надёжности (мост Алькантара на реке Тахо, Испания).

В Средние века двумя преобладающими типами стали мосты с полуциркульными (или круговыми) арками и мосты со стрельчатыми арками. Первый тип основывался на римской традиции, второй был заимствован из восточной архитектуры и вскоре потерял популярность, так как неоправданно увеличивал высоту моста. Ещё одним явлением в средневековом мостостроении стали мосты-улицы, появившиеся во всех крупных европейских городах (например, Понте Веккио во Флоренции). В Средние века на мостах появился декор (это произошло в конце XIV века): например, оформленный в готическом стиле Карлов мост в Праге.

Совершенствование техники мостостроения в Эпоху Возрождения позволило значительно увеличить соотношение толщины свода к высоте пролёта. Благодаря этому мосты стали более высокими и лёгкими по конструкции. Совершенствуется конструкция каменных мостов: появляются круглые и коробовые своды (Новый мост в Париже). В целом же прослеживается тенденция к подражанию античной архитектуре. Чуть позже появилось барокко, тяготевшее к динамичным композициям и пышному декору. Широко известен барочный Мост Вздохов в Венеции.

В XVIII веке популярностью пользовался классицизм. Мосты, построенные в этом стиле, отличали чёткая симметрия, внимательное отношение к пропорциям сооружения, пролёты больших размеров. Классицизм был широко распространён во Франции (Мост Согласия в Париже) и России (Мраморный мост в Пушкине).

К середине XIX века сформировались основные формы металлических мостов. В этот период большое распространение получили решётчатые балконные фермы. Значительное развитие получили конструкции арочных мостов (см., например, виадук Гараби, построенный Густавом Эйфелем). В конце XIX века популярность приобретают висячие мосты: в 1883 году в США был построен Бруклинский мост, чуть позже — Манхэттенский. Висячие мосты сохраняют свою популярность в XX (мост «Золотые ворота») и XXI веке.

В военной инженерии

Подъёмный мост — постройка, прикреплённая к барбакану и служащая переправой через крепостной ров, окружающий укрепление. Широко использовался в Средневековье при обустройстве крепостей и замков. Самый древний тип разводного моста.

Понтонный мост

До последнего времени водные преграды, в первую очередь реки представляют собой серьёзное препятствие для продвижения сухопутных войск. В связи с этим захват противником или разрушение моста при явной угрозе его захвата остаются важными военными операциями не только тактической, но и стратегической значимости. Для обеспечения наведения переправ или временных мостов, а также их восстановления в армиях создаётся особый вид войск — сапёрные части, выполняющий широкий круг работ по оборудованию местности.

Рекордные мосты

 высочайшие в мире: мост Бэйпаньцзян (565 метров; 2016 г.), виадук Мийо (341 м; 2004 г.) и Русский мост (высота пилонов 321 м); мост Tamina (достроен в июне 2017 г. в Швейцарии) самый высокий однопролётный мост в Европе (высота более 200 м)
 самые длинные в мире: Даньян-Куньшаньский виадук (полная длина 164,8 км, значительная часть проходит по суше); Мост Гонконг — Чжухай — Макао (самый длинный надводный)
 мост У-Бейн (длина ок. 1,2 км, самый длинный и старый деревянный мост в мире, ок. 1850 г.)
 Мост имени Валентина Солохина имеет самый длинный пролёт среди однопилонных вантовых мостов.
 самый длинный прозрачный мост (полностью из стекла) находится в Китае (50 метров, 2015 г.)

Аварии и катастрофы

Причиной самопроизвольного обрушения моста может стать его неправильная конструкция; архитектору при создании проекта моста следует всегда учитывать возможные природные катаклизмы, такие, как сильный ветер или землетрясение.

Самая ранняя известная крупная катастрофа произошла в 1297 году, когда во время битвы у моста Стирлинг (Великобритания) этот мост оказался перегружен атакующей тяжёлой конницей и обрушился.
Позднее от перегрузок обрушились ещё несколько мостов, в частности, мост Ярмуте, (Великобритания, 1845), а также Серебряный мост (США, 1967), «Мост Моранди» в Генуе (2018).

Самая последняя катастрофа произошла на Крымском мосту. Причиной катастрофы стал подрыв фуры. Первые сообщения и взрыве появились в 6:05. От взрыва фуры обрушился проезжий участок, загорелась цистерна у мимо проходящего состава. Мост перекрыт для движения, открыты паромные переправы.

В XIX — начале XX века несколько аварий мостов произошло из-за резонанса, в который входил мост, когда по нему проходили войска: когда частота внешнего воздействия (шаг солдат в ногу) совпадает с собственной частотой колебаний моста — происходит резкое увеличение амплитуды колебаний моста, и конструкция моста не выдерживает этого. Из-за резонанса разрушились: мост в Анжере (Франция, 1850); Такомский мост (США, 1940).

Причиной обрушения может стать естественный катаклизм: в таком случае вина ложится на архитектора, создававшего проект, так как мостостроитель должен принимать во внимание возможность природных бедствий. Железнодорожный мост через Ферт-оф-Тей в Данди, Великобритания, обрушился в 1879 из-за сильного шторма, жертвами этой катастрофы стали 75 человек.
В 1953 году лахар уничтожил мост через реку Вангаэху в Новой Зеландии, погиб 151 человек.
В 1989 году во время крупного землетрясения в Калифорнии обрушился виадук в Окленде (42 жертвы) и пострадал мост через залив Сан-Франциско: часть несущих конструкций обрушилась на проезжую часть, погиб один человек.

Нередки случаи террористических атак на мосты: их подрыв также является известным средством ведения партизанской войны. Крупнейшая катастрофа такого рода произошла в Индии в 2002, когда был подорван железнодорожный мост через реку Дхава, было убито 130 человек.

Резонанс
Резонансные явления могут вызывать необратимые разрушения в различных механических системах, например, неправильно спроектированных мостах. Так, в 1940 году разрушился Такомский мост в США, спроектированный без учёта ветровой нагрузки. Ранее, в 1905 году, рухнул Египетский мост в Санкт-Петербурге, когда по нему проходил конный эскадрон, причиной чего также считают резонанс, хотя расчётами это не подтверждается. Тем не менее, существует правило, заставляющее строй солдат сбивать шаг при прохождении мостов. 20 мая 2010 года в Волгограде затанцевал мост. По официальной версии мост вошёл в резонанс под действием ветровых нагрузок. Однако больший резонанс со стороны Счётной палаты вызвали финансовые нарушения, допущенные при строительстве моста.

Похищения и кражи мостов
Известны похищения и кражи мостов, особенно металлических (крадут для сдачи в металлолом):
 В Македонии в феврале 2007 года арестованы два человека за кражу двух девятиметровых мостов весом 200 тонн на реках Црна и Райец.
 В Чехии в феврале 2008 года был похищен четырёхтонный металлический мост рядом с городом Хеб. В сентябре того же года железнодорожный мост украли на востоке страны, рядом с деревней Грубчице.
 В апреле 2012 года возле города Соколов (Чехия) неизвестные похитили четырёхметровый десятитонный пешеходный мост над железнодорожными путями, предоставив представителям властей поддельные бумаги на его демонтаж.
 В декабре 2010 года житель Гайского района Оренбургской области сдал в металлолом понтонный мост.
 В 2011 году в посёлке Норт-Бивер в Пенсильвании также украли металлический мост, находившийся в лесистой местности. Длина составляла примерно 15 м, а ширина — около 6 метров. Сооружение было изготовлено из гофрированной стали. Предположительно, для демонтажа злоумышленник (или группа злоумышленников) использовал газовый резак. Приблизительная стоимость моста составляет $ 100 000. Преступников найти не удалось.
 Мост разобрали и в Карагандинской области в 2016 году.
 В 2016 году в Пугачёвском районе Саратовской области парень украл подвесной мост через реку.
 В октябре 2017 года в Красноярском крае злоумышленники тоже украли мост.

В русском фольклоре
В былинах и сказках восточных славян фигурирует Калинов мост через реку Смородину, который, по одному из толкований, соединяет мир живых с миром мёртвых.

Идиома «наводить мосты» в русском языке значит «знакомиться, устанавливать нужные связи», а «сжигать мосты» — окончательно разрывать связи с кем-либо или чём-либо, лишать себя возможности к отступлению. Про бесполезный спор можно сказать: как два барана на мосту.

См. также

 Акведук
 Виадук
 Эстакада
 Путепровод
 Экодук
 Водопропускная труба
 Летающий паром
 Балка Виренделя

Примечания

Литература

 Бобриков Б. В., Русаков И. М., Царьков А. А. Строительство мостов. — , 1978.
 Гибшман Е. Е. Проектирование деревянных мостов. — , 1965.
 Гибшман Е. Е. Проектирование металлических мостов. — , 1969.
 Евграфов Г. К. Богданов Н. Н. Проектирование мостов. — , 1966
 Ефимов П. П. Архитектура мостов. — : Изд-во ФГУП «Информавтодор», 2003
 Ильясевич С. А. Металлические коробчатые мосты. — , 1970
 Надёжин Б. М. Мосты и путепроводы в городах. — , 1964.
 Надёжин Б. М. Архитектура мостов. — : Стройиздат, 1989. — 96 с. — ISBN 5-274-00596-9.
 Назаренко Б. П. Железобетонные мосты, 2 изд. — , 1970.
 Никонов И. Н. Руководство мостовому мастеру. — , Трансжелдориздат, 1958. — 330 с.

 Щусев П. В. Мосты и их архитектура. — : Государственное издательство литературы по строительству и архитектуре. 1953. 360 с.
 Brown, David J. Bridges: Three Thousand Years of Defying Nature. Richmond Hill, Ont: Firefly Books, 2005. .
 Sandak, Cass R. Bridges. An Easy-read modern wonders book. New York: F. Watts, 1983. .
 Whitney, Charles S. Bridges of the World: Their Design and Construction. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2003.  (Unabridged republication of Bridges : a study in their art, science, and evolution. 1929.)

Ссылки

 BridgeArt: Искусство строить мосты
 Мосты и тоннели
 Самые самые мосты
 Engineering, History & Construction of Bridges
 Классификация мостов
 Самые необычные мосты в мире.
 Structurae — International Database and Gallery of Engineerings Structures with over 10000 Bridges.
 U.S. Federal Highway Administration Bridge Technology
 The Museum of Japanese Timber Bridges  Fukuoka University

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Artist(s): Henga and Nyanja girls (Performer) | Composer: Verrah Chirwa (Performer) | 1950/05/11 | Blantyre, Chirwa,Verrah, Folk music, Henga, Henga, Indigenous music, Malawi, Nyanja, Nyasaland, Song story, Southern African, Tumbuka, ILAM | Further details refer ILAM field card no. DM10.
Composer: Blantyre Secondary School Boys (Performer) | 1949/09/16 | Blantyre, Blantyre Secondary School, Central African, Folk song, Henga, Indigenous music, Malawi, Nyasaland, Story Song, Tumbuka, Unaccompanied, ILAM | Song story sung by the Henga/Tumbuka boys at Blatyre secondary school. Further details refer to ILAM card no. C5N2.
Artist(s): Tumbuka men (Performer) | Composer: N. J. Phiri (Performer)Phiri, N.J. (Performer) | 1950-00-00 | Henga, Malawi, Nyasaland, Phiri,N.J., Song, Southern African, story, Tumbuka, Tumbuka, Unaccompanied, ILAM | Further details refer ILAM field record no. SABC-HT42.
Further details refer to ILAM record number: CR3034.


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