text:
889 F. 2d 363 - Stefan v. A Laurenitis
889 F2d 363 Stefan v. A Laurenitis
15 Fed.R.Serv.3d 1016
Edward A. STEFAN, Jr., et al., Plaintiffs, Appellants,
Robert A. LAURENITIS, etc., et al., Defendants, Appellees.
First Circuit.
Heard May 2, 1989.
Michael Avery, with whom, Avery & Friedman, was on brief for plaintiffs, appellants.
Thomas J. Donoghue, with whom, Moriarty, Donoghue & Leja, P.C., was on brief, for defendants, appellees.
Before BREYER and TORRUELLA, Circuit Judges, and RE,* Judge.
RE, Chief Judge:
Plaintiffs-appellants, Edward Stefan and John Dunn, appeal from an order of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts which denied their motion for reasonable attorneys' fees as the "prevailing parties" in an action brought under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983.
Seeking injunctive relief and damages, Stefan and Dunn brought this section 1983 action alleging that their rights under the first and fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution had been violated by defendants-appellees, Robert Laurenitis and Marion Wysocki, officers of the Town of Sunderland, and the town itself. Stefan and Dunn alleged that Laurenitis and Wysocki, under color of the authority of the town, beginning November 1982 and continuing until the filing of this action in February 1984, harassed and intimidated them in the conduct of their business. The district court denied Stefan and Dunn's motion for a preliminary injunction.
Two days before the trial date, the Town of Sunderland, pursuant to Rule 68 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, filed an offer of judgment for $10,000. This offer was accepted by Stefan and Dunn, and judgment in that amount was entered against the town. The action against Laurenitis and Wysocki was dismissed when each of them agreed to pay $3,000 in damages.
Following these settlements, Stefan and Dunn filed a motion to recover attorneys' fees from the town pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988. Since the district court held that appellants were not "prevailing parties," their motion for attorneys' fees was denied. The district court also held that "even if [Stefan and Dunn] are prevailing parties under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988, there are nevertheless 'special circumstances' present justifying the denial of [their] fees request under this Court's discretionary powers within the statute." Stefan v. Laurenitis, 695 F.Supp. 1330, 1339 (D.Mass.1988).
Stefan and Dunn contend that the district court erred in holding that they had not prevailed, and that "special circumstances" rendered an award of attorneys' fees unjust.
The question presented is whether the district court erred in denying the motion for reasonable attorneys' fees, brought under section 1988, because of its holding that Stefan and Dunn "are not prevailing parties under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988," and, even if they were "prevailing parties" within the meaning of the statute, the presence of "special circumstances" renders the award of attorneys' fees unjust.
Since we hold that Stefan and Dunn are "prevailing parties" because they have prevailed on a "significant issue in the litigation," and that there are no "special circumstances" which justify the denial of reasonable attorneys' fees, the judgment of the district court is reversed, and the case is remanded for a determination of an appropriate award of attorneys' fees.
Edward Stefan and John Dunn were the co-owners of a drinking and entertainment establishment in Sunderland, Massachusetts, called the "Rusty Nail Inn." The Rusty Nail presented performances by rock and roll bands, and primarily attracted local college students. Robert Laurenitis was a member of the Sunderland Board of Selectmen, and Marion Wysocki was a member of the Sunderland Board of Health.
Stefan and Dunn purchased the Rusty Nail in 1971. At that time, Marion Wysocki, and her son Kenneth, had unsuccessfully attempted to purchase the Rusty Nail. Ten years later, Barry Wysocki, another son of Marion Wysocki, sought to purchase the Rusty Nail, but Stefan refused his offer. Barry Wysocki later became an employee of a competing establishment, Hangar One.
A popular band called "The Blushing Brides" performed at Hangar One in the summer of 1982. On November 13, 1982, the band returned to the Sunderland area, but performed at the Rusty Nail instead of Hangar One. The next day, "after the busiest night of the year at the Rusty Nail," Marion Wysocki made three unscheduled inspections of the Rusty Nail. She was accompanied on the first two inspections by two other members of the town Board of Health, and on the third by Laurenitis. Stefan and Dunn characterized Wysocki's manner during the inspections as "rude, belligerent and antagonistic," and asserted that Wysocki threatened to " 'close this place down.' " Dunn wrote a formal letter of complaint to the town, and requested both an apology and a promise that Wysocki "will not behave in that manner in any establishment in Sunderland."
Stefan and Dunn personally presented the letter to the Board of Selectmen at a Board meeting on November 15, 1982, and the minutes of the meeting reflect the hostility that prevailed. After Stefan accused Wysocki of personal bias, Laurenitis ordered Stefan to "[a]ppologize (sic) to everyone or I won't sign your license this year." Then, when Stefan refused to apologize, and asserted that both Wysocki and Laurenitis were biased against him, Laurenitis ordered a town police officer to remove Stefan from the meeting. Later, Laurenitis told Dunn to "[w]ithdraw your letter or we will have a different view of you." Dunn refused to "withdraw" his letter of complaint.
The record indicates that there is a question whether Laurenitis " 'held a grudge against the owners of the Rusty Nail,' " because the former Sunderland police chief, who " 'had quarreled over many issues' " with Laurenitis, worked part time at the Rusty Nail. Record at 181 (quoting Greenfield Recorder, April 13, 1983, at 8, col. 1). Also, " 'Stefan supported the candidacies of former Selectmen ... with whom Laurenitis ha[d] also argued.' " Id.
Stefan and Dunn allege that, subsequent to the Board meeting, Laurenitis continued to use his position as a selectman of the town of Sunderland to harass and intimidate them in conducting their business, the Rusty Nail. They allege that Laurenitis orchestrated a series of harassing inspections by town and state employees. At the hearing on Stefan and Dunn's motion for a preliminary injunction, Stefan testified that
[t]here was just so many [inspections] it was one after another. If it wasn't the Board of Health, it was the State Board of Health. If it wasn't the State Board of Health, it was the Building Inspector.... They would come in and find one thing, and we would fix the thing one way and then they would come in the next time and they wanted that changed because that wasn't right.
Stefan testified that, previous to the confrontation at the Board meeting, the Rusty Nail had received approximately one annual health inspection and one annual building inspection. It is to be noted that there is no evidence in the record of any major health or building code violations at the Rusty Nail.
Stefan and Dunn also allege that Laurenitis threatened to use his office to deny Stefan and Dunn a renewal of their liquor license, and to advance the Sunday morning closing time of the Rusty Nail. At a December 13, 1982, meeting of the Board of Selectmen, Laurenitis maintained that Stefan "is not operating an inn and should not have an Innholders license and he would not sign that license unless Mr. Stefan would change to an appropriate license or" obtain the approval of the state liquor authority. Although Laurenitis finally signed the renewal, he signed only one week before the license was to expire, and only after continually threatening not to sign.
In April 1983, Laurenitis began a campaign to advance the Sunday morning closing time of Sunderland bars from 2:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. Only the Rusty Nail and one other establishment would be adversely affected by the advanced closing time, since these were the only Sunderland bars that regularly remained open until 2:00 a.m. on Sunday. Pursuant to Massachusetts law, "local licensing authorities," such as the Sunderland Board of Selectmen, have authority to establish "[t]he hours during which sales of ... alcoholic beverages may be made by any licensee...." Mass.Gen.L. ch. 138, Sec. 12 (1981 & Supp.1988). However, "[t]he licensing authority shall not decrease the hours during which sales of ... alcoholic beverages may be made by any licensee until after a public hearing ...; provided, that any licensee affected by such change shall be given two weeks notice of such public hearing...." Id. At a Board meeting in May 1983, with one of the three members of the Board of Selectmen absent, and the other abstaining, Laurenitis, by sole vote, enacted an order forcing Sunderland bars to close at 1:00 a.m. on Sundays. No prior notice was given, and no hearing was held.
Suffice it to say that the pleadings of Stefan and Dunn indicate that they were genuinely fearful that Laurenitis and Wysocki, acting in a retaliatory and discriminatory manner, would use their authority as officials of the town of Sunderland to force the Rusty Nail out of business.
On February 2, 1984, Stefan and Dunn filed a complaint under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983, alleging, in pertinent part, that their first and fourteenth amendment rights had been violated by the inhibition of their right to petition the government for redress of their grievances. They also alleged that the discriminatory practices of Laurenitis, Wysocki, and the town, in harassing Stefan and Dunn with an excessive number of inspections of the Rusty Nail, denied them equal protection of the law.
After the settlement by all parties, this appeal followed the district court's denial of Stefan and Dunn's motion for an award of reasonable attorneys' fees, from the town, as "prevailing parties" under section 1988.
The determination of this case requires an analysis of section 1988 of title 42 of the United States Code, and of Rule 68 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. In relevant part, Rule 68 states that, "a party defending against a claim may serve upon the adverse party an offer to allow judgment to be taken against the defending party for the money or property or to the effect specified in the offer, with costs then accrued." Fed.R.Civ.P. 68. It has been observed that Rule 68 "is not widely used as a means to dispose of cases because it does not authorize reasonable attorneys' fees as a cost and, therefore, provides no effective deterrent to unreasonable refusals to settle." Sprizzo, Unjustifiable Refusals to Settle and Rule 68, 62 St. John's L.Rev. 443, 444 (1988). It is noteworthy that, in recent years, the Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure has twice recommended revising Rule 68 to allow for an award of attorneys' fees. See id. at 444-48.
In Marek v. Chesny, 473 U.S. 1, 7-12, 105 S.Ct. 3012, 3015-18, 87 L.Ed.2d 1 (1984), the Supreme Court held that the term "costs," as used in a Rule 68 offer of judgment, includes attorneys' fees awardable under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988. The Court observed that Rule 68 was enacted at a time when "federal statutes had authorized and defined awards of costs to prevailing parties for more than 85 years." Id. at 8, 105 S.Ct. at 3016. Indeed, several statutes "directed courts to award attorney's fees as part of the costs in particular cases." Id. Therefore, in Marek, the Supreme Court concluded that
the most reasonable inference is that the term "costs" in Rule 68 was intended to refer to all costs properly awardable under the relevant substantive statute or other authority.... Thus, absent congressional expressions to the contrary, where the underlying statute defines "costs" to include attorney's fees, we are satisfied such fees are to be included as costs for purposes of Rule 68.
Id. at 9, 104 S.Ct. at 3016.
Thus, in the case at bar, Stefan and Dunn are entitled to attorneys' fees, as part of their costs under the Rule 68 settlement, provided that they are entitled to costs under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988.
In pertinent part, section 1988 expressly provides that a federal court, "[i]n any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of section [ ] ... 1983 ... of this title ... in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party ... a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs." 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988 (1982) (emphasis added). The question that must be decided, therefore, is whether Stefan and Dunn are entitled to attorneys' fees as part of the costs under section 1988. The answer to this question depends upon whether they were the "prevailing parties" in this lawsuit.
In Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983), the Supreme Court stated that the standard for determining whether a plaintiff is a "prevailing party" within section 1988 "has been framed in various ways. A typical formulation is that 'plaintiffs may be considered "prevailing parties" ... if they succeed on any significant issue in litigation which achieves some of the benefit the parties sought in bringing suit.' " Id. at 433, 103 S.Ct. at 1939 (emphasis added) (quoting Nadeau v. Helgemoe, 581 F.2d 275, 278-79 (1st Cir.1978)). The Hensley court proceeded to discuss at length, guidelines for determining the amount of the fee award. Id. at 433-37, 103 S.Ct. at 1939-41.
In Texas State Teachers Ass'n v. Garland Indep. School Dist., --- U.S. ----, 109 S.Ct. 1486, 103 L.Ed.2d 866 (1989), the Supreme Court reasserted the Hensley standard, but prescribed more precise guidelines to measure or test whether a party has "prevailed" sufficiently to recover attorneys' fees under Sec. 1988. It is instructive that the Court observed that
[a]lthough ... Hensley did not adopt one particular standard for determining prevailing party status, Hensley does indicate that the degree of the plaintiff's success in relation to the other goals of the lawsuit is a factor critical to the determination of the size of a reasonable fee, not to eligibility for a fee award at all.
Id. 109 S.Ct. at 1492 (emphasis in original).
The Texas Teachers Court reaffirmed the holding of Hensley that "plaintiffs may be considered 'prevailing parties' ... if they succeed on any significant issue in litigation which achieves some of the benefit the parties sought in bringing suit." Id. 109 S.Ct at 1491 (quoting Hensley, 461 U.S. at 433, 103 S.Ct. at 939). It emphasized that the plaintiff need not prevail on the "central" issue of the lawsuit, but only on any significant issue. See id. 103 S.Ct. at 1492-93. The Court stated that "at a minimum, ... the plaintiff must be able to point to a resolution of the dispute which changes the legal relationship between itself and the defendant." Id. 103 S.Ct. at 1493. The Court, of course, noted that if plaintiff's success is so insignificant that it can be characterized as "purely technical or de minimis," then the plaintiff cannot be considered a prevailing party within section 1988. See id.
In Texas Teachers, the petitioners, state and local teachers associations, brought suit under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 alleging that school district policy "prohibiting communication by or with teachers" during school hours regarding union activities, violated their first and fourteenth amendment rights. The Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the district court's entry of summary judgment for the school district, holding that, under the first amendment, the school district was not required to allow union representatives access to the schools during teaching hours. See Texas State Teachers Ass'n v. Garland Indep. School Dist., 777 F.2d 1046 (5th Cir.1985), aff'd mem., 479 U.S. 801, 107 S.Ct. 41, 93 L.Ed.2d 4 (1986). The court of appeals, however, also held that the restraint on inter-teacher communications concerning employee organizations was unconstitutional. See id. at 1053-55. Subsequently, the plaintiffs filed an application, with the district court, to recover attorneys' fees under section 1988 which was denied. The denial was affirmed by the court of appeals. See Texas State Teachers Ass'n v. Garland Indep. School Dist., 837 F.2d 190 (5th Cir.1988). The Supreme Court reversed, and held that, although the plaintiffs did not fully succeed in their lawsuit, they did prevail on a significant issue, by obtaining some of the relief that they originally sought. See Texas Teachers, 109 S.Ct. at 1494. Hence, since they were "prevailing parties," they were entitled to attorneys' fees. See id.
The Court reasoned that the teachers successfully altered their legal relationship with the school district when the court of appeals held that the restraint on inter-teacher communications was unconstitutional. See id. As a result of that decision, the school districts' right to exercise control over its teachers' communications with one another was diminished. Hence, since "[t]hey prevailed on a significant issue in the litigation and have obtained some of the relief they sought," the teachers were "prevailing parties" within section 1988. Id.
Stefan and Dunn, in this case, would be "prevailing parties" within the meaning of section 1988, provided that they "succeeded on 'any significant issue in [the] litigation which achieve[d] some of the benefit the parties sought in bringing suit.' " Texas Teachers, 109 S.Ct. at 1493 (quoting Nadeau, 581 F.2d at 278-79). At a minimum, Stefan and Dunn have succeeded or "prevailed" if their lawsuit can be said to have changed "the legal relationship" between them and Laurenitis, Wysocki, and the town.
Stefan and Dunn sued for an injunction to prohibit the unannounced inspections of the Rusty Nail, and for monetary damages. Although the injunction was denied, they did receive $16,000 in damages as a result of the settlements. Hence, it is clear that Stefan and Dunn succeeded in obtaining some of the relief sought, and did achieve one of their objectives in bringing this suit, viz. monetary damages.
In holding that appellants are not "prevailing parties," the district court relied on "the lack of factual support for plaintiffs' case relating to the constitutional claims, in addition to the relatively small recovery." Stefan, 695 F.Supp. at 1339. The court referred to the settlement as "an example of a 'nuisance settlement.' " Id. The Court noted that the town's Rule 68 offer of judgment expressly stated that it "is not to be construed ... as an admission that the ... Town ... is liable...." See id. at 1338. In substance, the district court deemed the appellants' success to be "purely technical or de minimis," and insufficient to enable appellants to be "prevailing parties" within 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988. See Texas Teachers, 109 S.Ct. at 1493.
In their complaint, Stefan and Dunn sought $1,900,000 in both compensatory and punitive damages, and the settlement was for a much smaller amount. The relative value of the amount obtained by Stefan and Dunn, however, is, at best, only a factor in determining whether appellants' success was de minimis. Notwithstanding the discrepancy in the amount claimed and the amount received, the district court acknowledged that $16,000 is not "an insignificant amount of money." Stefan, 695 F.Supp. at 1339. Indeed, the court added that "even by today's standards it is a substantial sum." Id. It may be added that the settlement not only was not de minimis, but may deter future harassment of Stefan and Dunn. The settlement is "a resolution of the dispute which changes the legal relationship" between the parties. Texas Teachers, 109 S.Ct. at 1493.
The town's Rule 68 offer stated that it "is not to be construed either as an admission that the ... Town of Sunderland ... is liable in this action, or that the Plaintiffs have suffered any damage." The circumstances of the settlement, however, indicate that the parties deliberately left open the question of who should pay Stefan and Dunn's attorneys' fees. At a conference before the district court, prior to entry of the Rule 68 offer of judgment against the town, Stefan and Dunn's attorneys stated that the parties would try to settle the issue of attorneys' fees, and that, if no settlement could be reached, then they would file a motion with the court for attorneys' fees. Under these circumstances, since the issue of attorneys' fees was deliberately left open in the Rule 68 offer, the town cannot state that its language denying liability is also evidence of the parties' intent not to include attorneys' fees in the settlement.
In sum, we hold that a $16,000 settlement is not de minimis, and that, on the totality of the circumstances presented, Stefan and Dunn are "prevailing parties" within 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988.
The district court also held "that even if plaintiffs are prevailing parties under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988, there are nevertheless 'special circumstances' present justifying the denial of [Stefan and Dunn's] fees request under this Court's discretionary powers within the statute." Stefan, 695 F.Supp. at 1339.
In Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Soc'y, 421 U.S. 240, 269, 95 S.Ct. 1612, 1627, 44 L.Ed.2d 141 (1975), the Supreme Court held that "courts are not free to fashion drastic new rules with respect to the allowance of attorneys' fees to the prevailing party in federal litigation or to pick and choose among plaintiffs and the statutes under which they sue and to award fees in some cases but not in others...." Instead, the Court held that it is for Congress "to carve out specific exceptions to a general rule that federal courts cannot award attorneys' fees...." Id. Of course, the Alyeska rule "does not apply when the opposing party has acted in bad faith." Roadway Express, Inc. v. Piper, 447 U.S. 752, 765-66, 100 S.Ct. 2455, 2463-64, 65 L.Ed.2d 488 (1980). When a party acts in bad faith, a federal court has the inherent power to impose sanctions, including an award of attorneys' fees to the opposing party. See generally, G. Joseph, Sanctions: The Federal Law of Litigation Abuse, 385-399 (1989).
In response to the Alyeska decision, Congress enacted 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988. The statute "is designed to allow courts to provide the familiar remedy of reasonable counsel fees to prevailing parties in suits to enforce the civil rights acts which Congress has passed since 1866." S.Rep. No. 1011, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. 2, reprinted in 1976 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 5908, 5909-10. The report of the Senate Judiciary Committee noted that "[a]ll of these civil rights laws depend heavily upon private enforcement, and fee awards have proved an essential remedy if private citizens are to have a meaningful opportunity to vindicate the important Congressional policies which these laws contain." Id. at 5910. Furthermore, in civil rights litigation, "a prevailing plaintiff 'should ordinarily recover an attorney's fee unless special circumstances would render such an award unjust.' " Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 429, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 1937, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983) (quoting Newman v. Piggie Park Enters., Inc., 390 U.S. 400, 402, 88 S.Ct. 964, 966, 19 L.Ed.2d 1263 (1968)).
In this case, relying on the Ninth Circuit case of Seattle School Dist. No. 1 v. State of Washington, 633 F.2d 1338 (9th Cir.1980), aff'd on other grounds, 458 U.S. 457, 102 S.Ct. 3187, 73 L.Ed.2d 896 (1982), the district court concluded that Stefan and Dunn were not entitled to attorneys' fees because this case fell within the "special circumstances" exception which would render the award unjust. Stefan, 695 F.Supp. at 1340. The Seattle School Dist. No. 1 case calls for an analysis of "whether allowing attorney's fees in a particular case would further the congressional purpose in adopting the [civil rights] [a]cts," and for a "balanc[ing] of [the] equities." 633 F.2d at 1348.
In the case at bar, the district court stated that, since the complaint alleged essentially state law torts, "dressed up and pursued in federal court," the Congressional purpose of encouraging private enforcement of the Civil Rights laws would not be favored by the grant of attorneys' fees to Stefan and Dunn. Stefan, 695 F.Supp. at 1341. Additionally, the court found that Stefan and Dunn had "failed to come forth with factual support on virtually all of their constitutional charges," and, thus, the equities did not favor an award of attorneys' fees. Id.
The mere fact that a violation of a constitutional right may also constitute a state law tort would not per se bar a prevailing party in a section 1983 action from recovering attorneys' fees under section 1988. Furthermore, in a Rule 68 offer of judgment or settlement, the question presented is whether the civil rights plaintiff is a "prevailing party," not whether the plaintiff would necessarily have won had the case proceeded to judgment following a trial. See Monell v. New York City Dep't of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 690-95, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 2035-38, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978). See generally, Maher v. Gagne, 448 U.S. 122, 128-29, 100 S.Ct. 2570, 2574, 65 L.Ed.2d 653 (1980) (section 1988 authorizes an award of attorneys' fees to a plaintiff in a section 1983 action who obtained a consent decree pursuant to a settlement, even though the settlement is "without any determination that the plaintiff's constitutional rights have been violated").
It would appear that the district court applied the standard or analysis adopted or utilized in Seattle School Dist. No. 1. This circuit, however, has not adopted the analysis of the Seattle School Dist. No. 1 case.
In Burke v. Guiney, 700 F.2d 767, 772 (1st Cir.1983), this court held " 'that a court which denies an award of attorney's fees must issue findings of fact and conclusions of law identifying the "special circumstances" and explaining why they render an award unjust.' " (quoting Sethy v. Alameda County Water Dist., 602 F.2d 894, 897 (9th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1046, 100 S.Ct. 734, 62 L.Ed.2d 731 (1980)). "Among the special circumstances that may be considered are 'the presence or absence of any bad faith or obdurate conduct on the part of either party, and any unjust hardship that a grant or denial of fee-shifting might impose.' " Id. at 773 (quoting Zarcone v. Perry, 581 F.2d 1039, 1044 (2d Cir.1978)).
The district court, commenting upon the allegations of grievances and harassment of Stefan and Dunn, suggested "that the federal allegations were more contrived by clever counsel than grounded upon sound facts," and that Stefan and Dunn's claim "is a small town political dispute which has sadly been dressed up and pursued in federal court." Stefan, 695 F.Supp. at 1341. Since we have concluded that the recovery in this case is not de minimis the underlying civil rights complaint cannot be deemed frivolous nor the recovery a mere nuisance settlement.
Stefan and Dunn allege a prolonged series of harassments perpetrated by Laurenitis and Wysocki under color of authority of the town of Sunderland. Indignant at what they regarded as discriminatory harassment by town officials who adversely affected their right to pursue a lawful business, Stefan and Dunn sued in federal court under the civil rights laws. Under the circumstances, their resentment and indignation should not be regarded or confused with, "bad faith or obdurate conduct." Thus, there are no "special circumstances" to deprive them of an award of reasonable attorneys' fees.
Since the appellants Stefan and Dunn obtained some of the relief they originally sought in bringing this civil rights action, and since this relief was not de minimis, we hold that they are "prevailing parties" within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988 (1982). Additionally, since there exist no "special circumstances" rendering an award of attorneys' fees unjust, we hold that appellants are entitled to reasonable attorneys' fees from the town.
Hence, judgment of the district court is reversed and the case is remanded for a determination of reasonable attorney's fees, consistent with the standards set forth in Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433-37, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 1939-41, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983).
The Honorable Edward D. Re, Chief Judge of the United States Court of International Trade, sitting by designation


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Nesseby Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Nesseby Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nesseby, overlooking the Varangerfjorden. It is the church for the Nesseby parish which is part of the Indre Finnmark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The prayer books in this church are in the Northern Sami language, since that is the predominant language for the people of the area. The church is one of the few old buildings left in Finnmark (the retreating German army burned most at the end of World War II). Adjacent to the church is a small storage building that is regarded by some as the oldest building in the Varanger area, dating from the 18th century.

History
The first church in Nesseby was located in Angsnes and it was built in 1719 by Thomas von Westen. It was consecrated on 11 November 1719. The church was poorly maintained and it had been built on the south side of the fjord, while most development was occurring on the north side of the fjord. That church was torn down in 1746. Soon after, a new church was built at the present church site, about  east of Angsnes on the north side of the fjord. The new church was consecrated in 1747. Some of the materials in the church such as the altar and pulpit were reused from the old chapel in Kiberg. In 1854, the old church was torn down and construction immediately began on a new church on the same site. The new wooden building was designed by Christian Heinrich Grosch and it had seats for 250 people. It was consecrated on 17 August 1858. The new church has a nave that measures  and a choir that measures . The church has a  tall tower above the main entrance. The church was fully restored in 1983.

Design
The church has a narrow choir whose floor is higher than that of the nave. There are sacristies beside the choir, which has a lower ceiling, of a type called a "saddle ceiling", than that of the nave. The roof is supported by wooden columns which separate the central nave from two side-naves. This style was used in churches designed by Grosch in the 1850s. The nave is also distinguished from the two side-naves by the fact that the latter have lower ceilings, a feature which, apparently, Grosch derived from German church design.

Media gallery

See also
List of churches in Nord-Hålogaland

References

Nesseby
Churches in Finnmark
Wooden churches in Norway
19th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1858
1719 establishments in Norway
Long churches in Norway

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Living in Texas, winter tends to be a non-existent season. Where other college students across the nation might be wearing a long coat and jeans, Texas State students can be seen sporting shorts and an assortment of tank tops. The skip from winter straight to summer is truly upon us, and instead of listening to soft winter jams that make you want to stay inside, it's time to blast away the cold with a fun summer playlist. Check out a few of the songs from the playlist and find a link to the playlist down below!
Translating into "Are You Down?" from German, Ace Tee raps with an ease that resembles 90's R&B icons Left Eye from TLC and Aaliyah. Her silky vocals take you to summer days of hanging out with friends, with no exact plans of doing anything but lying around. The music video is just as fun, with Ace Tee and Co. dressed up in a playful nineties wardrobe as they laugh and dance with one another in front of graffiti walls.
With most of us being out of school during the three months of summer, going out is more of a possibility than it was while cramming in assignments. So why not have that quintessential party song that gets you ready for those fun nights? That's where electronic-pop duo AlunaGeorge come in with their bouncing cover of the iconic '90s party bop "This Is How We Do It" by Montell Jordan. From the moment you hear vocalist Aluna Frances' English-tinged voice singing, "This is how we do it/On Friday night," you know that singing along is going to be inevitable. Paired along with producer George Reid's vibrant beats, "This Is How We Do It" is guaranteed to cause nothing but a good time at any summer party.
March 14, 2017 August 31, 2017 Asia DaggsAce Tee, AlunaGeorge, Kwama, Lucero Trevino, Montell Jordan, PWR BTTM, Savannah Olson, Summer Playlist, summer time, Winter Who?


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Engaging Teens and Families
Keep your teens and families engaged year-round through the Fort Wayne Museum of Art! During crucial developmental stages of your family's life, art plays a significant role in their social, emotional and mental development. We offer several programs for family members of all ages.
John S. and James L. Knight Learning Center
In the earliest stages of life, visual literacy directly relates to a child's need for self-expression. As kids learn to talk, they're also developing the impulse to express themselves and relate to the world around them. The Knight Learning Center was developed to meet these needs in a fun, interactive and hands-on environment. The Center includes artwork from the FWMoA collection curated especially for families, art-making activities, and hands-on engagement stations that teach the elements of art. The Center functions as a classroom for school groups and can be combined with a tour of the museum galleries.
Teen Council
The FWMoA Teen Council is led by and for area youth, providing opportunities for leadership and learning through arts programming. As ambassadors of the Museum, council members work collaboratively with staff to develop creative, community-oriented projects and events. Applications open in the fall of each year.
Mission: The FWMoA Teen Council works to provide activities and opportunities for area youth to learn new skills and ideas by exploring their creative side, thus adding value to their life and work and attracting a more diverse audience to the museum.
We're collecting feedback! Please complete the short survey here to help shape the future of teen programming at FWMoA.
2021-22 Teen Council Members
Ash Bushnell, Homestead High School, Grade 10
Anna Driscoll, North Side High School, Grade 12
Arly Durand, Wayne High School, Grade 12
Mackenzie Germano, Carroll High School, Grade 12
Myo Khawng, North Side High School, Grade 11
Izzy Roussel, Carroll High School, Grade 12
Jackeline Shackleford, North Side High School, Grade 10
Megan True, Canterbury School, Grade 11
Scholastic Art & Writing Awards
The Fort Wayne Museum of Art is an Affiliate Partner of the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards, a national program sponsored by the Alliance for Young Artists & Writers, which celebrates the art and writing talents of students in grades 7-12. The Scholastic Awards highlight the exemplary originality, technical skill and emergence of personal voice and vision of Northeast Indiana teens.
Our program is one of only 26 in the country to offer the full art and writing program. Our regional participation has grown to include 52 counties in Indiana and Ohio, with many students continuing on to win national awards.
Stay tuned for more information about the 2021 Scholastic Art & Writing Awards.
2021 Scholastic Awards in Art by Student
2021 Scholastic Awards in Writing by Student
Digital Gallery of Artwork and Writing
The documents available for download here are designed to help educators and their students make the most of their Fort Wayne Museum of Art experience. These resources are designed to be flexible—use them to extend learning before or after a visit to the museum, or to experience the artwork in your classroom if you're unable to bring a field trip. The scripts are expanded versions of what our docents use to guide learning at the Museum and may be used for self-guided tours.
If you're bringing your class for a field trip, please contact us to schedule it, even if you don't want a docent-led tour.
Pre-Visit Resources
Know-Before-You-Go Pre-Visit Presentation
Principal Letter
Virtual Tour Resource
Winslow Homer: from Poetry to Fiction – The Engraved Works
46th International Glass Invitational Award Winners
Medieval to Metal: The Art and Evolution of the GUITAR
American Quilts from the Collection
Reclamation: The Art of Lucien Shapiro, Ben Venom, and Ravi Zupa
Full Spectrum: Paintings, Drawings and Prints of Julian Stanczak; Wood and Stone Sculptures of Barbara Stanczak
Roger Shimomura
Marie Watt
Jaune Quick-to-See Smith
Warrington Colescott
Mary Lee Bendolph
Leo Haas
Elizabeth Catlett
Steve Prince
Sometimes, art education needs to come to your home. We're proud to offer resources to make your at-home arts curriculum more robust and fun for your family!
Download the Chihuly Coloring Book
Download the Hanna Family Coloring Book
Download the Helmholtz Coloring Book
Download Directions to Make-A-Quake
Self-Guided Virtual Tours
A Century of Making Meaning (Coming Soon!)
American Impressionism
A Year of Making Meaning
Bold Assemblage (Coming Soon!)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Yep, you can use your travel pictures to get more followers on Pinterest. It is the same idea as using your vacation pictures to get more followers on Pinterest – and the process is the same as the one I outlined on that article.
About the picture: This was taken in Cluj Romania in 2009 while visiting a World Vision program.
‹ Poll: How Happy Are You With Your Pinterest Marketing?


text:
, __edited, Materialism
Brain Matter: Denyse O'Leary and The Spiritual Brain
Audio File (6.3 mb)
https://chrt.fm/track/G42895/idthefuture.com/podcast-player/36454/167.mp3
Download file | Play in new window | Duration: 00:06:55 | Recorded on September 4, 2007 | Speakers: Anika Smith, Denyse O'Leary
Today on ID The Future, CSC's Anika Smith sits down with journalist and blogger Denyse O'Leary to discuss the focus of her new book The Spiritual Brain. In this interview, O'Leary grapples with materialist arguments concerning the mind and spirituality. She also explains why materialism is a monistic philosophy and explores the effect this has on its line of reasoning.
About Denyse O'Leary
Denyse O'Leary is a Toronto-based journalist who has written on science-related topics for many years. She has authored several books including By Design or By Chance? and her latest, The Spiritual Brain, with Mario Beauregard. O'Leary is also an avid blogger who publishes Mindful Hack and Post-Darwinist, and contributes to a number of other blogs.
Denyse O'Leary is a freelance journalist based in Victoria, Canada. Specializing in faith and science issues, she has published two books on the topic: Faith@Science and By Design or by Chance? She has written for publications such as The Toronto Star, The Globe & Mail, and Canadian Living. She is co-author, with neuroscientist Mario Beauregard, of The Spiritual Brain: A Neuroscientist's Case for the Existence of the Soul. She received her degree in honors English language and literature.
Follow Denyse
Nothing Up His Sleeve: Executive Producer Walt Ruloff and Expelled (Part II)
ID The Future presents the second installment of a two-part interview with Walt Ruloff, executive producer of the upcoming docudrama Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed. Today Ruloff explains how interviews were obtained with top Darwinists including Richard Dawkins and PZ Myers, and dispels claims …
Dr. John West Reads from Darwin Day in America
On this episode of IDTF, Dr. John West reads from the preface and introduction to his forthcoming book, Darwin Day in America: How Our Politics and Culture Have Been Dehumanized in the Name of Science. Darwin Day in America tells the disturbing story of scientific expertise run amuck, exposing how …


text:
Má-fé (em latim: mala fides) é uma forma sustentada de engano que consiste em entreter ou fingir entreter um conjunto de sentimentos enquanto age como se fosse influenciado por outro. Está associado à hipocrisia, quebra de contrato, afetação e conversa fiada. Pode envolver engano intencional de outros ou autoengano.

Alguns exemplos de má-fé incluem: soldados agitando uma bandeira branca e depois disparando quando o inimigo se aproxima para fazer prisioneiros (cf. perfídia); um representante da empresa que negocia com trabalhadores sindicais sem intenção de se comprometer; um promotor que defende uma posição legal sabendo que ela é falsa; e uma seguradora que usa linguagem e raciocínio deliberadamente enganosos para negar um sinistro.

Na filosofia, após a análise de Jean-Paul Sartre dos conceitos de autoengano e má-fé, o último conceito foi examinado em campos especializados no que se refere ao autoengano como duas mentes agindo de forma semi-independente dentro de uma mente, com uma enganando a outra. A má-fé pode ser vista em alguns casos como não envolvendo engano, como em alguns tipos de hipocondria com manifestações físicas reais. Questiona-se sobre a veracidade ou falsidade de declarações feitas de má-fé e autoengano; por exemplo, se um hipocondríaco faz uma reclamação sobre sua condição psicossomática, ela é verdadeira ou falsa?

A má-fé tem sido usada como termo artístico em diversas áreas envolvendo feminismo, supremacia racial, negociação política, processamento de sinistros de seguros, intencionalidade, ética, existencialismo, negacionismo climático, e a lei.

Definição
No livro O Ser e o Nada (1943), o filósofo Jean-Paul Sartre definiu a má-fé (fr. mauvaise foi) como a ação de uma pessoa esconder a verdade de si mesma. Que "aquele a quem a mentira é contada e aquele que mente são uma e a mesma pessoa, o que significa que devo conhecer a verdade, na minha qualidade de [o] enganador, embora [a verdade] esteja oculta de mim na qualidade de enganado"; assim, na práxis da má-fé, "devo conhecer essa verdade com muita precisão, para ocultá-la de mim mesmo com mais cuidado — e isso não em dois momentos diferentes da temporalidade".

Uma pessoa que escolhe o autoengano é a questão fundamental sobre a má-fé: o que torna possível o autoengano? Para que um mentiroso consiga enganar a vítima, o mentiroso deve saber que a mentira é uma falsidade. Para ser enganada com sucesso, a vítima deve acreditar que a mentira é verdadeira. Quando uma pessoa age de má-fé, essa pessoa é ao mesmo tempo mentirosa e vítima da mentira. A contradição em que uma pessoa em autoengano de má-fé acredita que algo é verdadeiro e falso ao mesmo tempo.

As pessoas mantêm falsas crenças apesar de estarem cientes de que suas falsas crenças são contrariadas pelos fatos da realidade externa; assim, essas crenças são mantidas de má-fé em relação a si mesmo.

Na teologia
Na Bíblia, a duplicidade aparece como uma metáfora para a fé religiosa literalmente incorreta. Vários comentaristas e tradutores discutiram ser de duas crenças ou fés como sendo de coração duplo ou mente dupla. O Dicionário Webster equipara a má-fé a "ter dois corações". "Duplo coração" também é traduzido como "dupla mente", ou como sendo "de dois corações", "de duas mentes" ou almas, de duas atitudes, de duas lealdades, de dois pensamentos, de duas crenças, ou de duas almas ao mesmo tempo. A Bíblia hebraica e as Epístolas do Novo Testamento admoestam os crentes religiosos a não serem indecisos. Em Salmos 119:113, uma tradução é "Odeio os homens de mente dúbia, mas amo a tua lei." A New Living Translation enfatiza a lealdade dividida, traduzindo a passagem como "Eu odeio aqueles com lealdades divididas, mas amo suas instruções."

A Epístola de Tiago adverte contra confiar em uma pessoa que "perpetuamente discorda de si mesma". "Tomar o nome do Senhor em vão", a má-fé justifica ações sabidamente erradas ao reivindicar uma direção de Deus ou autoridade religiosa para assumir posições antiéticas ou defender crenças falsas, quando uma pessoa deveria saber o contrário. Comentando a mente dúbia em Tiago 1 e sua relação com a hipocrisia em Mateus 6:22, o Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary diz "dúplice, literalmente, 'dupla alma', uma alma voltada para Deus, a outra para outra coisa [...] Não é um hipócrita que se quer dizer, mas um homem inconstante, 'vacilante', como mostra o contexto". A tradução de Alford da Bíblia usa o "vacilante" da literatura grega antiga para expressar "mente dupla".

Em Tiago 1:8, denota instabilidade de uma atitude cognitiva, "ele é um homem de mente dúbia, instável em atitude". Na God's Word Translation, "uma pessoa que tem dúvidas está pensando em duas coisas diferentes ao mesmo tempo e não consegue se decidir sobre nada". A Young's Literal Translation traduz isso como sendo "duas almas". No comentário de Adam Clarke sobre a Bíblia, um homem de mente dupla é uma das duas almas em que uma é para a terra e a outra para o céu, desejando proteger os dois mundos ao mesmo tempo. A exposição de Gill da Bíblia refere-se a pedir uma coisa e significar outra, honrar em palavras, mas não no coração, confuso na mente..

Clarke comentou sobre o Deuteronômio 26:17 e a teologia judaica a respeito de ser de coração duplo, em que o rabino Tanchum (fol. 84) observou: "Eis que a Escritura exorta os israelitas e diz a eles quando oram, que não devem tem dois corações, um para o santo e abençoado Deus, e outro para outra coisa." Clarke comenta que "Tiago se refere aos judeus que estavam se esforçando para incorporar a lei com o Evangelho, que estavam divididos em suas mentes e afeições, não querendo desistir dos ritos levíticos, e ainda não querendo renunciar ao Evangelho. Tal as pessoas não poderiam progredir nas coisas divinas".

A Igreja Católica não considera todos os que têm visões heréticas de má-fé: por exemplo, pessoas que buscam a verdade com seriedade e levam uma vida exemplar.

Em filosofia, psicologia e psicanálise

Psicanálise freudiana
A psicanálise freudiana responde como o autoengano de má-fé é possível ao postular uma dimensão inconsciente de nosso ser que é amoral, enquanto o consciente é de fato regulado pela moral, pela lei e pelo costume, realizado pelo que Freud chama de repressão. Os verdadeiros desejos do inconsciente se expressam como realização de desejos em sonhos, ou como uma posição ética tomada inconscientemente para satisfazer os desejos da mente inconsciente.

Valores de verdade
Há controvérsias sobre se as proposições feitas de má-fé são verdadeiras ou falsas, como quando um hipocondríaco tem uma queixa sem nenhum sintoma físico.

Budismo zen
Os praticantes do zen afirmam não estar sujeitos à "má-fé" do "autoengano", pois não explicam uma motivação para a ação, como faria um racionalista. Um racionalista deve racionalizar um desejo irracional que está realmente enraizado no corpo e no inconsciente como se não estivesse.

Conceitos em ética
Psicologia
Conceitos existencialistas
Conceitos jurídicos
Conceitos políticos
Psicanálise
Teologia
Crenças


Historical daily share price chart and data for IQVIA Holdings since 2013 adjusted for splits. The latest closing stock price for IQVIA Holdings as of April 25, 2019 is 137.36.
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text:
#import "NSObject.h"

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@interface IDEStringWrapper : NSObject
{
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@property(copy) NSString *value; // @synthesize value=_value;
- (void).cxx_destruct;
- (void)dvt_encodeAttributesWithXMLArchiver:(id)arg1 version:(id)arg2;
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@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Heat your grill on its medium setting or prepare charcoals for cooking.
Place the burger patties on direct heat on the grill and cook to desired doneness, flipping once.
Spoon pizza sauce onto the burger patties and then top with diced tomatoes. Place a slice of mozzarella onto each burger. Close the grill lid and cook for 2-3 minutes until the mozzarella is softened.
Pile basil onto each of the hamburger buns. Top each with a loaded burger. Cover with the bun top.
These aren't your ordinary burgers.
They're unexpected and exciting. Something special for a backyard barbecue or Sunday dinner. When you serve them, they draw a 'Wow.' Good stuff!
Take one juicy beef burger and cook it to your favorite doneness, then add the toppings for one delicious Margherita Pizza. The result? An amazing burger that's part pizza, part summer classic.
And don't worry…this Margherita Pizza Burger recipe is easy to make too. Easy is good!
I made these with Muir Glen's special 2011 Reserve Tomatoes and Muir Glen Pizza Sauce. The Reserve Tomatoes are sweet bits of amazing freshness – the freshest tomatoes I have ever gotten out of a can. A-mazing. I highly recommend them. But if for some reason you don't use them, you can also use Muir Glen's No-Salt Diced Tomatoes.
Use fresh mozzarella on these. It softens nicely in the heat in just a few minutes and adds nice fresh dairy flavor.
Oh, and a pile of basil. Yes, a pile! It ended up being the favorite part of this burger when I served it.
Sarah W. Caron (aka scaron) is a food writer, editor and blogger that writes about family-friendly foods and raising a healthy family at Sarah's Cucina Bella.


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Soros preparing revolution in Ukraine
Pravda ^ | March 31, 2004 | Yaroslav Rodin
Posted on 03/31/2004 1:25:55 PM PST by Land_of_Lincoln_John
first previous 1-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 ... 101-109 next last
To: katnip; kosta50; FormerLib
Thanks!!! ROFL. I love it!!
Look at this, too, here is the story on Moscow kicking them out, yet another aspect of the Russian Orthodox church being so involved with the government ( which some people decry).
"In 1999, the Moscow Open Society office started a major five-year project, "The Development of Education in Russia." Its goal is to "reeducate rural teachers at a cost of US $100-150 million" (Nezavisimaya Gazeta, September 19, 1998). It is also applying a program called "Tolerance" in Russian secondary schools, but its masterminds may have made a linguistic blunder. >B>According to a Russian critic of the program,
The Russian translation of this Latin word-tyerpimost-has the dual meaning of prostitution and could be confused with doma tyerpimosti, houses of ill fame . . . How come this financial manipulator tries to teach us about tolerance, us who grew up with Leo Tolstoy, one of the first philosophers of non-violence? . . . But Mr. Soros is also a horribly distorted mirror, which should make us see our own, present image, without blinking or turning away.There are times when evil can become an eye-opener, when its derisive laughter can waken us up and help regaining our strength. We should not miss this opportunity.
A first step in that direction may have been taken last November 7, when the OSI Moscow office was raided by a private security company hired by the owner of the building with whom the foundation was engaged in a protracted legal battle. Only weeks before, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the billionaire oligarch and OSI Moscow executive director who has his own NGO called the Open Russia Foundation, was arrested and charged with tax evasion, theft, forgery, and fraud. Soros denounced the arrest as an act of "persecution" that should disqualify Russia from belonging to the G-8 group of industrialized countries. "I believe that he acted within the constraints of the law. I am doing the same in the United States," said Soros, alluding to his multimillion-dollar donations toward "regime change" in Washington next November. The American press indignantly reported that the raid was directed against a philanthropic organization that had spent "more than $US 1 billion on charitable projects in Russia in the past 15 years."
Sniff, sniff. Gosh I was just so sad to read about Moscow booting Soros and his group. Probably was persecution, too. What a shame that Moscow is not a completely free society, dontcha know? :-)
21 posted on 03/31/2004 1:55:09 PM PST by MarMema (Next Year in Constantinople!)
To: Land_of_Lincoln_John
Let's see. An international busybody comes to your country to tell you how to run your elections. I think I'd get angry too. Especially since he's not just a plain old busybody, but a billionare busybody global socialist who wants to see global socialism before he dies (and he's 80 so he doesn't have a lot of time). Yep, I can see why people reacted.
22 posted on 03/31/2004 1:56:11 PM PST by hedgetrimmer
To: katnip
One more from the link....what a great writing! ( and a terrific Orthodox author, to boot! LOL)
" There is not one patriot (Russian, Croat, Latvian, Serb, Rumanian, Hungarian) or one practicing Christian on Soros' payroll. In all postcommunist countries, Soros relies on the sons and daughters of the old communist establishment..."
To: aimhigh
A little more info on Russians and their view of foreign "help."
24 posted on 03/31/2004 2:01:17 PM PST by FormerLib (Feja e shqiptarit eshte terorizm.)
To: hedgetrimmer
Soros is pro-abortion, pro-euthanasia, and pro-socialist, and one could surmise strongly anti-Christian. He put millions into supporting training of med students in this country to help them get over their vision of a sanctity of life. Now his former students are promoting the idea of organ removal from still-alive, but brain-damaged and chronically ill children in the ICU in Boston. Young fresh organs, why wait for those kids to die, anyway?
He is the very epitome of evil in every direction you look.
To: mattdono
No, to understand you must really know that part of the world: this has something to do with Soros being Jewish, and the "fact" that "Jews rule the world."
The author merely explains how they do that and gives an illustration:
to overthrow [observe the choice of words] President Bush. While waiting for his chance [to step in and rule], the oligarch [a REALLY bad word in Russia] is training on smaller countries [such as Ukraine but apparently not limites to Ukraine -- hint, hint, hint; this is happening all over the world.]
These very people insist that the communist revolution in that country was imposed on poor, kind but uneducated Russians by the Jews. This is much the same but on a bigger scale as our own Pat Buchanan: our war in Iraq is imposed on poor, kind but uneducated Bush, Cheney and Rice by the Jews --- Wolfowitz et al.
This is a centuries-long tradition, but to read between the lines one has to be somewhat familar with that particular psychosis.
26 posted on 03/31/2004 2:04:11 PM PST by TopQuark
To: dennisw
come share your wisdom here, please.
To: MarMema
"Ziggy is Polish I think, what is Soros' ethnicity?"
Delusional rich person
28 posted on 03/31/2004 2:09:07 PM PST by richardtavor (Pray for the peace of Jerusalem in the name of the G-d of Jacob)
To: richardtavor
Or just plain "Of Hades". We could say, perhaps, "Hadean".
One of the great ironies of our time is that Pravda is sounding more and more like a beacon of freedom and liberty and American newspapers are sounding more and more like totalitarian rags.
Ol' George must have been real surprised to find that former bastions of political oppression don't care for his meddling and ideas about globalism. They want freedom-and that means freedom to manage their own affairs and not be bothered by self-appointed inspectors.
31 posted on 03/31/2004 2:13:42 PM PST by marshmallow
The last reseach project I did online looking at Soros funds led me to a project in which chronically ill children were placed in hospices instead of hospitals when they had a crisis.
The push was supposedly to keep them from the trauma of all that darn medical care, you see. The bottom line was sure, they were in rooms with colored walls and got stuck less with needles, and btw, they also died a lot sooner without the medical care.
He is the sickest, most evil thing on earth, I sometimes think. Some of the kids were only in need of a few days of intensive care, but their parents were on the poor side. So he stepped in and offered them free "care" in a hospice.
Ziggy is Polish I think, what is Soros' ethnicity?
Hungarian.
33 posted on 03/31/2004 2:18:13 PM PST by Paleo Conservative (Do not remove this tag under penalty of law.)
To: Bigg Red
It's terrific that you take so seriously the newspaper founded by Lenin and now ran by bigoted nationalists.
What are you going to take up next?
To: TopQuark
Pravda is no worse than CNN, and in many cases does a better job. Look at home for communism today. The Russians have kicked it, while we are waist-deep. Lenta.ru is my favorite.
Pravda is no worse than CNN, and in many cases does a better job.
Sorry to see that, like so many Russians, you confuse freedom with nationalist bigotry.
These very people insist that the communist revolution in that country was imposed on poor, kind but uneducated Russians by the Jews.
I hope you don't mean the Ukrainians. I married into a huge Ukrainian family and my mother-in-law grew up there and speaks the language. What you are saying is not true of the Ukrainians I know.
Anyone with half a brain knows that the bolsheviks grew from the Intelligentsia. Including the Russians.
Like many people who jump to conclusions, you assume incorrectly that I am Russian. I am an American mutt all the way, mostly German if anything.
That said I have spent a lot of time living in Russia and if you have not, you are the one who is confused.
I hope you don't mean the Ukrainians. Currently, Ukrainians are much freeer from the things I mentioned than the Russians. You will find that there is a big divide between the "Zapadyane"s (Westerners, ask your family) and the rest. Western Ukrainians (in Lviv, for instance) tended to be more worldly and attuned to the world. The easterners, especially close to to the Russian border (Kharkiv, for instance) are much like Russians in mentality.
I married into a huge Ukrainian family and my mother-in-law grew up there and speaks the language. What you are saying is not true of the Ukrainians I know. Which is why anecdotal evidence, whether positive of negative, is dangerous.
I agree. You'd think that anyone with half a brain could see in 1930s that Hitler's path was a disaster for Germany --- and it was, with Germans losing the largest proportion of their population. You'd think that anyone with hald a brain would not believe that Israelis perpetrated Sep 11, but almost all of the Arab world, and many here, believe so. The point is, people do not always have one half of the brain that you refer to.
What actually is "nationalist bigotry"?
Would you say that this passgae was an example?
We oppose all forms of liberalism, socialism, fascism, pacifism, totalitarianism, anarchism, government enforced atheism, abortionism, feminism, homosexualism, racism, wacko environmentalism, judicial activism, etc. We also oppose the United Nations or any other world government body that may attempt to impose its will or rule over our sovereign nation and sovereign people. We believe in defending our borders, our constitution and our national sovereignty.
I lifted it from the Free Republic home page and it was written by Jim Robinson.


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The Layton Nest Of Tables are a stunning set of tables that combine versatility and functionality with distinctive sleek styling. Made from high quality solid pine wood and completed in a silk grey finish. These nest of tables will add a touch of class and style to any living area.


Products With Sun Protection: Worth It?
Manufacturers are adding new categories of chemically treated products that are supposed to block ultraviolet light--from clothing and shoes to makeup and umbrellas. Emily Glazer on Lunch Break looks at how to gauge their legitimacy. Photo: L.L. Bean.


Easy-to-follow ideas on how to make sure that your garage door is in good condition. Check out these awesome posts and learn things you didn't know about electric garage doors, how to maintain them, what the best materials are and how to paint them.
Keeping your garage door maintained is a necessity. We're going to talk about the ways that you can keep your door running like brand new.
Usually one car garages need one torsion spring, but wider doors with greater demands will require two torsion springs. In this case, it's important to pay attention to the winds of the springs.
Installing a garage door is a fairly simple process but unfortunately in today's modern era people have forgotten the basic elements of manual labor. Even if you don't know how to install a door you can still learn.
Garage doors are often not paid much attention. We use them every day; they are an important part of the aesthetics of a home.
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Painting is the most economical and simple way of dealing with rust. All things that are made of metal are bound to rust.
There are many things out there that we think we are on top off and that we think we have fully figured out but as it appears we know very little or even nothing about.


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What the Health Director to Release Film Exposing Link Between Animal Agriculture and Coronavirus
Keegan Kuhn and Alex Lockwood plan to expose how the global animal agriculture industry is responsible for public health crises such as food-borne illness, MRSA, and now COVID-19.
Keegan Kuhn—co-director of vegan documentaries What the Health and Cowspiracy—is currently producing a new documentary about the spread of diseases from animals to humans. The film will be directed by Alex Lockwood—the award-winning British director behind 73 Cows and Test Subjects—and aims to expose the culpability of the animal agriculture in creating massive public health threats such as antibiotic resistance, swine and bird flu, food-borne illness, MRSA, and, our current pandemic COVID-19, which started at a wet animal market in Wuhan, China late last year. "Alex Lockwood and I started working on this film almost six months ago, long before COVID-19 began making headlines because the dangers of zoonotic diseases in its present form have been with us since humans started farming animals," Kuhn said. While the film does not yet have an official title, Kuhn believes it will be the first feature-length documentary about COVID-19 and plans to release it sometime this year. "Whilst the public is becoming increasingly aware of the threat of zoonotic diseases, animal agriculture's threat still isn't being given the level of urgency it requires with regards to media attention," Lockwood said. "With this film, we hope to lift the veil of misinformation and corruption which help to keep this scientific reality a muted rumor."
The 12 Best Vegan Documentaries to Start Streaming Now
by Charlotte Pointing
Antibiotic-Free Claims on Animal Products Can't Be Trusted, New Study Finds
92-Year-Old Clint Eastwood: Plant-Based Diet Is Critical for the Planet
Cory Booker: Banning Factory Farms Is a Bipartisan Issue
by Jamie Evan Bichelman
'Cowspiracy' Filmmaker Backs New Film On the 2.5 Billion Animals Used for Fashion
Coming Soon: New Documentary 'I Could Never Go Vegan' Tackles Vegan Skepticism