text:
Home » Documents » Pr. Rex Riches » Chapter Ten
ELLEN WHITE AND THE BRITISH MISSION
The Third European Council of Seventh-day Adventist Missions in Basel completed its work on Monday 28 September 1885. White was now free to spend the next twelve months visiting workers and members in Scandinavia and Central Europe. She would not return to the British Mission until the time of the Fourth European Council voted to be held in Grimsby, England, in September 1886.
In Central Europe and Scandinavia
White did not rest long after the Third European Council before responding to the invitation to visit the European field. On Tuesday 6 October 1985 she departed on a speaking tour of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, not arriving back in Basel, Switzerland, until Thursday 19 November.1
W. C. White, who had returned to America in time for the General Conference meetings of 1885 by way of Norway and England2 wrote with instructions that his mother was to rest before leaving on another tour.3 "Weary and worn" from her northern trip White indicated, "I would gladly have rested a few weeks in our home in Basel,"4 expressing that she had "never done as much work in the same amount of time as in the last four months."5 But she was needed in Northern Italy, in the Waldensean region of Torre Pellice where Czechowski had first started the work in Europe. She began the trip almost immediately on Thursday 26 November 1885. It was the day of her 58th birthday which she "celebrated in a way and place that I had little dreamed of." She was accompanied by her daughter-in-law Mary and Whitney.6 She did not return home to Basel until Thursday 21 December.7
Back home again White spent the winter in Switzerland taking appointments in Basel, Geneva, and Lausanne.8 Throughout January to March 1886 she settled into a routine of writing letters and other manuscripts. She also enjoyed the opportunity to take care of her apartment. She even purchased a horse and carriage to help in her travel to local speaking engagements.9 W. C. White and Louis Richard Conradi (1856-1939)10 came from America in the February, the latter to work in Russia from 28 June 1886.11
During this period White had time to think and judge the work of the Church's three foreign Missions in the Old World. She had seen for herself, first hand, the work and workers in Central Europe, Britain and Scandinavia. She had spent time with almost every worker in these Missions, certainly in England, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, and Norway. Now her talk of returning to America in May 1886, in time for the camp meeting season, has been forgotten. She wrote her son in America, "I can see no way to leave here until one year from now,"12 and she feels it necessary to make plans for further visiting in the Old World. There would be enough work to keep her busy for that year, including another visit to England in September 1886.
White left Basel for a second tour of Italy on Thursday 15 April 1886 accompanied by both her son and daughter-in-law. Before her return to Switzerland Monday 3 May she had spoken seven times.13 Two weeks later she began a tour of the Swiss churches,14 after which she and her party left to attend the Swedish Conference meetings and a second tour of Scandinavia Tuesday 15 June, meeting up with W. C. White in Hamburg, Germany. After the late June meetings in Sweden she visited Norway and Denmark, not returning home to Switzerland until 28 July.15 She stayed home again until Tuesday 14 September when she left for the Fourth European Missionary Council in Grimsby, England.16
Plans for Work in England
On 26 May 1886, while visiting in Chaux-de-Fonds, White had written to William and Jenny Ings in California indicating her plans to start in two weeks for Sweden and Norway and then on to England.17 She had earlier indicated to them that she would like them both to come to Europe, and that she planned to be in England well in advance of the Fourth European Council planned for September of 1886, and "stay some time and labor in England." She really would like them to be with her, to work together with her in Britain:
Then if you come, Brother and Sister Ings, we purpose to have a family together and unite our interests and will have a comfortable home, convenient food, and try to help one another. I must spend considerable of my remaining stay in England, if I can endure the climate. If I cannot, shall go where I can but I am desirous to work in England. I long to speak without a translator. And if I spend much time in England, shall take my carriage with me.
One wonders whether these desires are in the purpose of God, or if they are merely an expression of personal desires resulting from nine months laboring in foreign countries, speaking through either an interpreter, or with those who spoke but little, good English. Mary White had been unable to spend much time with her, perhaps because of an expected baby, or because of developing tuberculosis. Her secretary was usually taking dictation, writing, or on the "calligraphy." Now she has reached the place when she needs the secure comfort of her own home, even if it is not in America, and the company of a close friend with whom she can converse in her own native tongue. The two women had been friends for many years. James White had written as early as January 1879 that they had received a letter from Jenny, living in Switzerland, written in her "usual clear and affectionate style" and "by the hand that has a hundred times ministered to our comfort."18 White is obviously lonely and perhaps would not have denied it:
I have left home and all its comfort and all its attraction. I consider the cause of God and its workings of greater consequence to me than anything that I possess. I will not worry about home, but just as soon as my work is done I shall go back willingly.
She makes one last, almost pathetic, human request for the Ings to come and be with her:
In my dreams I am with Sister Ings. She fell on my neck and said, "Oh, Sister White, I never wanted to leave you, and I want to be with you. The Lord blesses me when I am with you." I said, "Sister Ings, from this time our interests shall never be divorced. We will stand shoulder to shoulder to the close of time."
She struggles not to allow her own selfish desires to persuade the Ings: "If Brother Ings has the blessing of God, he may do a good work in England, and I wish he could spend some time there," but "my pleasure, my wishes, shall not come in to be a controlling power." She wants them both "to move understandingly and with a consciousness that the Lord is leading and guiding." She knows the Ings are hesitant about a long stay, one of more than a few weeks. They are hesitant about returning to the British Mission because of their work at the Health Retreat in California, and because Ings himself is not well and suffering from rheumatics, which he feels could be made worse in the damp climate of England. But White feels Jenny Ings has served the Retreat well and "now it is well that there should be change." She wants them to judge the situation, while at the same time placing them on the spot with what today might well be considered a little moral blackmail:
We would not urge your coming, but we do feel that it would be in the order of God for you both to visit Europe at this time. We cannot advise Brother Ings to come without his wife shall accompany him.(sic) He needs her and we will try to make up a family, for I cannot see any better way to do than to be independent of all families, cook as we please. We have a good girl in England and you will be free to ride with me, walk with me, and help me in many ways. Then when your husband is not well or when he shall rest, he can have a home to come to. If we do not stay in England long, still we will have a home where our interests will be connected. . . . I think you had both better come at once to England, and by the time you arrive we will be making our way from Norway to England. There we will meet, there we will talk over our plans. There are good locations we can obtain in England. We shall secure the most healthy place we can to make a home, and we want you to connect with us.
It would seem that White genuinely believes that the Ings can make a contribution to the work in Britain while she is there. However, they should not come "with the idea that you are to be fixed in England." It would be only for a time, to do a specific work, and then to return to California again "as soon as we will return to America."
White did not journey from Norway to Britain at the end of July as she obviously intended, but returned to Basel even though she must have had some idea that the Ings were leaving America for England. The Ings departed New York aboard the Cunard vessel Servia on 24 July 1886.19 Two weeks after her return to Switzerland White hears that the Ings have had "a favorable passage" to England, arriving 31 August20 and wishes that she was even now in England herself, instead of in Basel.21
During his 1885 visit to Grimsby W. C. White had come to believe that the Mission had "not yet done their best to present the truth in Grimsby" and suggested holding a tent meeting there.22 Obviously the Mission takes his advice for White now hears of a planned tent meeting in that city in conjunction with the Fourth European Council and plans to leave for England "one week or two before the council shall begin," at which time she would like to speak in the tent where she will not need an interpreter."23
Fourth European Council of Seventh-day Adventist Missions
White and her party left Basel on Tuesday 14 September 1886 by way of a not very comfortable train. The seats were "very hard," and "every bone in my body ached," she reported. One redeeming feature was the opportunity to talk in her own tongue with an English-speaking lady. The two hour channel crossing was also memorable, the boat being crowded and many people sick. Fortunately she was up-graded to a first-class compartment on the train to London but she was glad to arrive there the next afternoon, Wednesday 15 September. The party stayed overnight at the Great Northern Hotel where, after climbing seventy-three stairs, they found "a pleasant room, with excellent bed, and slept quite well."24
The following morning, Thursday 16 September, White departed for Grimsby at 5:15 A.M. by way of Peterborough and Boston, arriving at 10:38 A.M. She was met by the Ings whom she had not seen now for more than one year, and was glad to meet the Lanes again and find them "cheerful and happy." She awoke the following morning, Friday 17 September, with a sense of need for "the grace of Christ with me constantly." Certainly the long journey had been waring. She recorded in her diary, "Lord, give me physical strength. Lord, give me Thy wisdom. I need it so much."25 Ahead of her was the Fourth European Council and a series of speaking appointments.
Pre-Council Meetings
A series of Pre-Council meetings were to be held in Grimsby just prior to the Fourth European Council scheduled to begin Monday 27 September. These began on Friday 17 September and were intended to conclude Friday 24 September, but continued over the next weekend. It would appear that these meetings were specifically conducted for the workers in the British Mission, and held in the meeting hall of the Grimsby office. Little is known concerning these meetings which were conducted in conjunction with a series of tent meetings in the city three evenings each week, and intended to continue on through the European Council meetings also.
White was present for these pre-Council meetings and spoke several times, covering such topics as "consecration, courage, and confidence."26 It is difficult in some cases to determine where exactly the available manuscript sermons were preached, for even those dated prior to the council give no indication whether she spoke at the pre-council or tent meetings. We do know that she spoke on her first Sabbath in Grimsby, 18 September, a day which opened "brightly," with a strong east wind, but no fog or clouds. She spoke twice in the day. The short talk at the early morning meeting, with about thirty people present, was on the Bible text "Draw nigh to God and He will draw nigh to you."27 On Sunday 19 September she spoke of the privilege of being a Christian, with the opening text from 1 Jn. 3:1-328
The reports of these meetings indicate that the workers were concerned regarding the difficulties "attending every branch of the work." Early one morning a group of individuals had gathered around the heating stove in the meeting hall and began to discuss experiences, and vent their frustrations:
Good halls for public services were very expensive. To the inexpensive halls the class of people they desired to reach would not come. Tents soon wore out in the damp climate. In their efforts to do house-to-house work, the doors of the best homes did not open to the Bible worker; and in the houses where the doors opened readily, minds were slow to comprehend the importance of obedience to unpopular truths. "What can be done?" was the inquiry.29
Encouragement for discouraged men was the order of the week. White agreed that "life is a conflict," but in trials and afflictions Jesus Christ "is right by our side." She reminded them that when the burden can be carried no longer "He says to us, 'My yoke is easy, and My burden is light.'"30 Tuesday, 21 September, she spoke twice. In the morning it was on the resurrection at the second advent of Christ. In the evening on how the resurrection of Christ inspired the discouraged disciples.31 As well as seeking to encourage these men and women she also sought to remind them to "get hold of the pillars of your faith," and not forget that "the third angel's message is the all important point."32 The early morning meeting of Friday 24 September she spoke of "coming up to our high privilege" and making the most of present opportunities.33 In the evening of that Sabbath a meeting was held especially for the ministers including a few who had already come in from Europe and Scandinavia. They each gave testimonies.34
Some workers responded to White's endeavors to encourage them, showing faith and determination. Others, however, felt that she did not understand the difficulties of the fields and looked for indications on which to base their hopes of future success.35
We know she was the speaker in the tent on Sunday 26 September, where she reminded them of the words of Christ in Rev. 3:7,8, "I have set before Thee an open door, and no man can shut it." She spoke to the people on the subject of child rearing from her own personal experiences.36
Fourth European Council Meetings
The European Council meetings were convened in Mechanic's Hall, Grimsby, Sunday 26 September to Sunday 3 October 1886. They were first scheduled to commence on Friday 24 September but when the day arrived most of the workers from Europe and Scandinavia had not. Whitney had not, and he was chairman and "president" of the Council, and nor had the secretary.37 On Monday morning 27 September W. C. White and Durland acted in temporary capacities. W. C. White reminded his colleagues that just about 40 years earlier there were no more believers in the whole world than the number gathered in Grimsby, and sketched the development of the Church since that time. The rest of the day was taken by Lane who reported on the progress of the British Mission, including the progress of Present Truth and the advantages of lady canvassers. By the next day, Tuesday 28 September, the other delegates had arrived and work began in earnest, commencing with the appointment of the usual committees and reports from the various fields, except the Central European Mission.38 Although there were representatives from the other two Missions there were but a few compared to the previous year. The bulk of the attendees were from Britain and consisted of Lane, Wilcox, Durland, John, Ings, Drew, a number of canvassers and Bible-workers, and lay members from Grimsby and other parts of England.39
The worker's meetings which had been held during the previous week continued through the Council with instruction given on Bible subjects by means of Bible studies given by various ministers present. Preaching services were held every evening, probably in the tent, to which the public were invited. Speakers included J. G. Matteson, O. A. Olsen, John, Andrews, D. T. Bourdeau, Lane, and White. Attendance from the town was "quite large." White spoke at least twice on "practical religion and temperance." She also spoke at the morning meetings, using her experiences and long connection with the Church to give "force and power" to her words.40
At 10:30 A.M. on Tuesday the written reports of W. C. White, R. F. Andrews, D. T. Bourdeau, and John were read. In the afternoon there was a discussion of the publishing work of the British Mission resulting in an agreement to make books more saleable by revising them and adapting them to English readers. They would concentrate on a few good books in an effort to make book sales self-supporting. It was at this meeting that the first moves were made toward establishing a fully eqipped publishing house, permanently and centrally located. It was the general opinion that this should be in London "as soon as consistent." Consequently on Thursday 30 September they voted that in view of the fact that the publishing house in Grimsby "is attended with many inconveniences" and "not calculated to give character and permanence to the work," it be located "in London or vicinity," the religious publishing center of the British Empire.41 At the fourth and fifth business meetings conducted on Wednesday 29 September reports were read by Ings, Lane, Durland, and John.42
Another question carefully considered had to do with the preparation of publications. Four essential things were considered necessary; literature must teach "the truth of God," be presented in a simple style, easily understood, yet with dignity. The publications had to be "pleasing and attractive," and finally, should be inexpensive. It was voted to enlarge Present Truth to a 16 page paper from January 1887. Wilcox planned to put these resolves into practice in the British Mission within the coming year.43
Lane's British Mission report for the United Kingdom indicated three organized churches with 81 members and 41 "Sabbath-keepers" "not included in the organization," making a total of 122. They had baptized 18 persons during the year and 22 persons "embraced the truth." Tithes and donations amounted to $552.53. The worker force was now five ministers, four ship missionaries, and nine colporteurs.44
The small increase of only 22 believers in the British Mission was a cause for concern. Matteson, in his report of work in the Scandinavian countries, had indicated 10 churches in Sweden with 256 members amd a total of 327 Sabbath-keepers for two ministers and seven colporteurs. Denmark had nine churches with 177 members and a total of 299 Sabbath-keepers for four ministers and five colporteurs. Norway had three ministers and four colporteurs for three churches and 175 members and a total of 180 Sabbath-keepers.45
Following the 1885 European Council's decision to purchase tents for use in all three Missions, it was only natural that the subject would be discussed in Grimsby. Norway and Italy had had good success with their new tents, and they expected no problems in Denmark or Sweden. France had met with some difficulty in the controlling of "rabble." Again, it was the British Mission that had encountered the most difficult problems, even though there was still a feeling that tents could be put to good advantage. They had not had as successful a year as the one before, perhaps as a result of the political climate of a general election year. However some believed the expense of running a tent was no less than for the hire of a hall, however, others indicated that it could be used for an entire series of meetings, which was not always true with hired halls and tent attendance was generally larger. The novelty of a tent was also very good for publicity. The major problem was with deterioration due to damp weather and consequently some British workers disagreed regarding the lower expense of tents, when it was borne in mind that a tent lasted no longer than three or four years and made tent use more expensive than halls. What was more, people tended to take cold in tents. At the end of discussion the Council delegation again recommended the use of tents "wherever they seem to furnish the most successful method of advancing the truth."46
A great deal of time was given to the need for educating Bible workers and colporteurs to rightly represent the Church in "conduct and manner" and in their ability to teach "the truth of God" in a "proper manner." The Council reaffirmed its previous desire to hold regular training schools for such individuals, to be conducted by men of experience and held in places where it was possible to do missionary work while receiving instruction. In respect to such schools they requested expert help from America in the form of one or two experienced lady Bible workers.47 In the meantime it was proposed to established a city mission and training center in Liverpool. Here workers could learn something of both ship missionary work while also learning to canvass successfully in the city. This was to continue "as long as the British Mission board shall deem expedient."48
During the Council White was asked by one speaker what could be done to advance the work of the Mission, considering the barriers set up, and whether they could expect changes in the conditions under which they were presently struggling. She believed there would be changes that would open doors that were presently closed, changes that would alter conditions and arouse the minds of the people to understand and appreciate present truth. She spoke of political upheavals, changes in the industrial world, and of a great religious awakening that would prepare minds to listen to their special message of the third angel. But she emphasized that these changes were "nothing for you to wait for. Your work is to go forward, presenting the truth in its simplicity, holding up the light of truth before the people."49 Then she went on to explain that she had seen the matter in vision. Crisler records that she saw the multitudes to whom the message was sent as enveloped in mists and clouds and dense darkness. He wrote:
As in the vision she looked upon this scene with intense sorrow, her accompanying angel said, "Look ye," and as she looked again, there were to be seen little jets of light like stars shining dimly through the darkness. As she watched them, their light grew brighter, the number of lights increased, because each light kindled other lights. These lights would sometimes come together as if for the encouragement of one another; and again they would scatter out, each time going farther and lighting more lights. Thus the work went on until the whole world was illuminated with their brightness. In conclusion, she said: "'Ye are the light of the world.' Matt. 5:14. Your work is to hold up the light to those around you. Hold it firmly. Hold it a little higher. Light other lights. Do not be discouraged if yours is not a great light."50
Sunday 3 October the Council voted Wilcox to attend the General Conference meetings in America in November and represent the British Mission. R. F. Andrews was voted to remain in Britain and labor in different places "where there now seems to be a good opening for the spread of the truth" and "as long as duty may demand,"51 but he would return home to America in time for the General Conference meetings in November.52 Sabbath 2 October was a day for recommitment and dedication.53
During the business sessions an official request was directed to the General Conference for Haskell to visit the European field with E. W. Farnsworth to accompany him. His services would be seen as "of great value to this field" because of his long experience in the work and especially in view of his recent work in the British Colonies over the past year.54 Lane later requested "any others the Conference may decide to send."55 A new European Council Executive Committee was appointed consisting of Whitney, Lane, O. A. Olsen, and Durland as Secretary. The British Mission Executive would consist of Lane, Wilcox, and Ings.56
The meetings ended after the 10:30 A.M. session on Sunday 3 October.57 Lane reported that the Council meetings were "excellent." He expressed his appreciation for the work of the Whites, and the "great amount of good" she had been able to bring about in the countries she had visited so far, considering she had "much strengthened the work in these mission fields."58 By 12 October the last Council representative had returned home. The Fifth European Council would be held in Christiana, Norway.59
General Conference Actions
At the November 1886 twenty-fifth annual meetings of the General Conference in America Wilcox, representing the British Mission, spoke in regard to the work in England, "showing its importance, the special difficulties it has to meet, and the extent and magnitude which the work must assume there in the near future." A written report from Lane concerning work in England was also read.60
The General Conference committee confirmed the requests of the Fourth European Missionary Council that Wilcox return to the British field, to continue work "in connection with our British paper and publications."61 Also that Haskell "visit the European field at his earliest convenience, to remain as long as he deems advisable, to assist especially by his counsels and labors in the British field."62 The same conference voted that Farnsworth join Haskell on this tour, but to remain in Michigan until such time as Haskell was ready to depart for Britain.63
The American leaders requested the Whites' return to American in time for the 1887 spring camp-meetings, adding a rider, or "whenever they feel that it is their duty to return."64
Ings was authorized an agent of the General Conference with the steamship lines "for reduced fare for our laborers who are called to cross the ocean."65 Obviously the number of Church representatives now making the journey to the European Missions had increased considerably since the early 1880's and warranted such negotiations with British owned companies.
Back to Continental Europe
Following the European Council at Grimsby Ings and his wife accompanied White on a visit to the churches in France, Italy and Switzerland, Jenny Ings going as a personal assistant to White. It was while on these travels that Ings wrote a series of articles for Review on the subject of personal witnessing.66 He was certainly one of the most experienced men in this field and he had obviously seen a need. They contained advice and direction that reflected his work in England and the articles were perhaps called forth as a result of listening to discussion in the Council he had just attended.
Departure from Grimsby
The Whites left Grimsby for London before the Council had concluded. W. C. White in company with Whitney had left before his mother, sometime during the last week. Friday 1 October White, in company with the Ings, left Grimsby on the 5:45 A.M. train. They had a compartment to themselves and enjoyed the "very pleasant five hours' ride." W. C. White met them at midday and they ate in a vegetarian restaurant, after which White did a little shopping before returning to the hotel for a rest. Meanwhile Ings met McEnterfer off the 9:00 A.M. train from Grimsby. That evening, while out walking with W. C. White, Whitney, the Ings, and McEnterfer, White decided to purchase blankets for the Mission in Basel.67
White slept well that night and arose on the Sabbath at 5:00 A.M. to write twelve pages of letters to send to America with Whitney, who was attending the General Conference meetings. It rained all day. The party left for Dover that evening in "the worst compartment for second-class we have had in all our travels." They had to change trains once before reaching the Dover harbor. They were met by "a heavy gale" and "waves running mountain high." While a small boy recovered Jenny Ing's hat the party made the decision to stay in a hotel that night and take a later crossing. White could not sleep due to rheumatic pains.68
The next day, Sunday 3 October, the 10:00 A.M. steamer took them across the "dreaded channel" to the Paris train. W. C. White was "very sick and made thorough work of throwing up," Ings looked pale, while the ladies lay on a sofa in the ladies cabin. Eventually the "tediously hard" seats of the French train brought them to Paris at 6:30 P.M. They would still have 24 hours more of train travel before reaching Nimes their final destination.69
It is interesting that White records the fact that Ings preached in Basel, Switzerland, on Sabbath 12 February 1887, and "the German portion of the congregation received a blessing, having an opportunity to hear the Bible truth in their own language." Ings appears to have been fluent in German, having perfected his abilities over the years of his marriage to Jenny.70
In France White visited Paris and the interests in Nimes and Valence, assisting and preaching in meetings as she traveled71 She went on to Italy again for a third visit to the Piedmont Valleys. She visited the churches in Lausanne and Bienne, Switzerland on her return journey to Basel, where she arrived Wednesday 24 November. She had now reached her 59th birthday, and Mary presented her with a new granddaughter, Mabel, on her return.72
Haskell did not leave America for Europe until just in time to attend the Fifth European Council of Seventh-day Adventist Missions in Norway, 14-21 June 1887, and Farnsworth never did arrive. White had counted on Haskell being in Europe in time for the Central European Conference meetings in Switzerland late 1886. She had planned for him and herself to be in England following these meetings and for them to work together there until June or July. Therefore, when Haskell wrote her outlining his plans not to come to Europe until April White wrote him, 14 January 1887, expressing a little more than her disappointment:
We had hoped you would be here at the conference and thought it would prove a blessing and then W. C. W. would accompany Brother Farnsworth and yourself to England and see what could be done there. Then when the way was prepared, I would spend one or two months in England. But as your plans are not to come till April, we shall not unite in the work in England. I am feeling quite sure that I should return to American and that I must be at my house in California at the end of the two years from the time I left California.
We did not propose to wait all the time while you were tarrying in America, so you may consider the promise annulled to do anything in England. We will therefore be on our way to America about, or near, the time you will be coming to England. We felt that we cannot be here any longer, so you must know the situation and consider me released from all promises made to work with you in England. Had you come on as we expected you would, and if the way was made ready, I would have consented to remain until June or July, but now we will make calculations to leave earlier.73
Perhaps Haskell did not have his heart and soul in the prospects confronting him in Britain and the rest of Europe. Things seemed much better in Australia where he had begun the work of a new mission, and the same General Conference committee that had voted him to Europe had also been presented with "an earnest petition" from Australia, signed by 83 persons, requesting a visit from him and from White and W. C. White.74 He seemed preoccupied with thoughts of this new mission and White suggested that he get his mind off Australia, she being afraid "it will not bring the blessings of God into your present labors."75
Perhaps Haskell's "tarrying" in America was not the only reason for White's desire to leave Europe, and she may even have been relieved at the change of plans. She had been "very sick with malaria" and had "suffered much" for three weeks before beginning to feel better. She considered that she "dare not be longer exposed to the scents that we have to receive in Switzerland, unless we see it our duty." The cause of her malaria and the bad smells, she believed, was due to houses with indoor water closets being "permeated with poison." If she could "obtain light to remain longer, I would do so," she said.76 This light did not come. Up to 23 May 1887 White sought to finish off her work in Basel, including her manuscripts and sermon editing with the intentions of returning to America.77 By 18 April 1887 she was still "straining every power to close up our work here in Basel."78
White, however, was to spend more time in Europe than anticipated. Now she would attend the Fifth Annual European Council of Seventh-day Adventist Missions to be held in Norway before visiting England and returning home. She would have appointments in Germany, meetings in Prussia with Conradi, and more visits in Sweden and Denmark.79 On Tuesday 23 May, with Jenny Ings as companion, White departed Basel for the last time en route for Norway, arriving 9 June at Jel Island, Moss, Norway.80 There she would meet up with Ings who had been in England, and with Haskell who had arrived in England from America at the end of May and in Norway 6 June 1887.81
Fifth European Council of Seventh-day Adventist Missions
The Fifth European Council of Seventh-day Adventist Missions was held in Moss, Norway, 14-21 June 1887, following "the first camp-meeting ever held in Europe, of which we have any knowledge."82 The campmeeting attracted much public attention for "the sect" when meetings were open to the public on Sunday with about 1500 attending, and with a favorable write-up in Morganposten the local newspaper.83
The European Council consisted of ten business sessions which concentrated in the main on Scandinavian problems. The British Mission was represented by Lane, Ings, and Durland. Officially representing America was Haskell, J. H. Waggoner, who had come to assist Whitney, and the two missionaries on their way to South Africa, D. A. Robinson and C. L. Boyd. The wives of the last two named had remained behind in England.84 Durland served in his capacity of Council Secretary.
The Council amended the constitution to allow for the provision of secretaries for each of the Mission boards, to be appointed at the time of the annual meetings of the Council. Consequently the executive committee of the British Mission would now consist of Haskell, Durland, Ings, with the new secretary being William Ambrose Spicer (1865-1952), a newcomer to the British Mission. Haskell was appointed as chairman of the European Council executive committee with Durland remaining secretary.85
Little information is really available concerning this Council despite the fact that in the opinion of W. C. White it was "the most harmonious, and profitable meeting" he had ever attended, and Matteson believed "we have never before in any council been so much encouraged, not seen so many fields open before us."86
The Council began as did others before it, with "interesting remarks" concerning "the progress and wants of the cause" in the different fields. White gave "a stirring address" concerning the duty of those engaged in the work of spreading the gospel in Europe.
There was much profitable discussion regarding the means for strengthening and broadening the work in all the countries represented by the three Missions and in South Africa.87 Certain laws governing many countries of Europe were seen to be less favorable than in Britain and America. Along with other representatives, Lane rendered his report concerning work in Britain, emphasizing good progress especially in the colporteur work. Matteson reported success with his colporteur schools of the previous year, where after three months of instruction, eighteen of those trained had been working in towns and villages with great success, and had also learned to write. White addressed herself to the "important matter" of giving men a thorough training for the ministry before giving them a license to preach. Such reports prompted plans to be laid and resolutions adopted. The Council again recognized the "great importance of extensively placing our publications before the reading public," and voted that both in England and Europe "files of our journals" be placed in libraries, reading rooms, and hotels, especially in the best hotels visited by tourists. A publishing committee was also appointed for each Mission. Haskell, Durland, and Lane were to constitute the committee for the British Mission.
Looking forward to the education and training of both ministers and colporteurs the Council voted for the development of schools in each conference for such a purpose. This commanded "enthusiastic attention." In the meanwhile each Mission agreed to hold a three-month long training school each year especially for literature evangelists. In an attempt to meet the better classes the Council also voted to encourage the selection of qualified individuals to attend the "best institutions of learning." They considered it "highly expedient" that such persons become familiar with the theories of those who opposed their teachings.88
Another matter of concern was the question of preparing and publishing suitable literature. The subject "called for the most anxious study."89 Consequently committees were appointed to select new books to be translated and published. English publications were to be revised to meet "the circumstances and wants" of European readers. An International Committee was also formed to make recommendations concerning books and journals for use in the three Missions, especially concerning the preparation of the book Thoughts on Daniel and the Revelation by Uriah Smith.
Plans were agreed on to establish a city mission in Hamburg, Germany. The Norwegians organized themselves into a separate conference.90
Third Visit to England
White's party left Moss on Sunday 19 June for Christiania and then on to Stockholm, Sweden.91 They arrived at Stockholm Thursday 23 June for conference meetings commencing the next day Friday 24 June at 10 A.M. They met in "the first tent that has been pitched in Sweden." Both White and Ings spoke during the meetings.92
After the Swedish Conference meetings White and her party left for England. Following a brief stop over in Copenhagen, Denmark, they travelled through Kiel and Hamburg, Germany, and a part of Holland. They crossed the English channel on the steamer Princess Elizabeth, boarding at 10 P.M. Wednesday 29 June.93.
White and her party arrived on British soil and took train to London at 6 A.M. Thursday 30 June. They ate a dry lunch they had prepared before leaving Denmark. This consisted of two pints of strawberries purchased in Copenhagen, and a cup of warm drink purchased on the way. The channel crossing had been smooth but the ladies had to sleep on a hard bunk, in spite of which White slept "quite well." In all they had "a pleasant voyage." A telegram from Lane, sent to Sweden, had informed them to go straight to Kettering on arrival in England,94 and this they did by way of London, arriving at 11:30 A.M. They were met by Durland and taken to his home at Hawthorne Road where White met Mrs. Durland and the family. She learned that those who had left Christiana before them had had a very rough passage on the Baltic Sea crossing.95
On arrival in Kettering the party telegraphed Robinson and Boyd in London informing them that they would meet them the following Monday 4 July. The next day, Friday 1 July, White spent shopping, purchasing shoes, and writing letters to her family. Lane arrived in Kettering at about 1:00 P.M. and W. C. White, who had intended to visit Basel, Switzerland, had changed his mind and arrived in Kettering just before sundown.96 Haskell also appears to have arrived in Kettering by Friday. He had come from Wales where he had visited with John, trying to persuade him to join Durland in a new tent series "about six miles from Kettering."97 This would have been at Wellingborough.
On Sabbath 2 July White spent the morning at the "good-sized hall" used by the Kettering membership. The carriage came to collect her and the others at 10:00 A.M. and conveyed her to her preaching engagement where she spoke to about fifty people "with much freedom of speaking," despite the intense heat generated by the "iron" walls of the church. White recorded in her diary that "the heat was very great" and that the sun "made it seem like an oven." She spoke from Heb. 12:1-4. She departed the morning service
. . . with deep and earnest yearning of heart for the dear people whom we had addressed. We knew that many must have a true conversion to God or they would not be able to keep the truth or to withstand temptation.98
When White returned to the church at 3:00 P.M. she chose to speak to a mixed congregation on Matt. 22: 11-14. For her this was "a most solemn subject" as she spoke of "the terrible fate of the ones who, when Jesus shall come to examine His guests, he shall find without the wedding garment on." Although many bore testimony following her sermon she felt that some were "in peril." As she reported:
Souls were undecided and I urged that those who were not fully on the Lord's side should make decisions that day should break the chains of the powers of Satan and be wholly the Lord's.99
One young husband and wife came forward. He was a building foreman and a drunkard, she a "proud, worldly-loving woman." White saw in them the needs of all who accept the Savior and the Church:
These souls I know needed Jesus, needed Him just then to help them, else they would never have strength to overcome the world and the perverted appetite, and to walk the path of humble obedience. We had a praying session for these souls and then invited them to speak freely and this would give them strength. We know that the Lord had been chastising them to bring them near to Him. Two lovely children had recently sickened and died which was a terrible blow to them and softened their hearts and awakened in them a desire to be different from what they were. Both bore testimony and with much simplicity and deep feeling told their determination, and we must leave them in the hands of God for Him to lead, for Him to guide. He will do this if they will only submit themselves to Him as to a faithful Creator. Oh what a terrible curse is intemperance!100
Her observations were made more poignant it being a shoe dealers general holiday in Kettering, and was "a general scene of drinking, carousing, and low, debasing influence."101
On Sunday 3 July W. C. White returned to London in the early morning but White stayed on to speak again at a 5:00 P.M. meeting, this time in a rented hall, and to both members and public. The hall was not much better for meetings than was the church and was "without proper ventilation, very uncomfortable and warm."102
At about 9 A.M. Monday, 4 July 1887 White and her party returned to London for a four day visit. That first day she visited again with the Robinsons and Boyds.103 On Tuesday she visited the house used by the lady Bible instructors who were trying to reach the higher class population of the city. She also visited with the Marsh family, especially with Mrs. Marsh who had been a Sabbath-keeper for a number of years. Mr. Marsh worked at and lived next door to the Holloway prison.104
That evening White spent saying farewell to the Robinson and Boyd families. They had "some plain talk about how the work should be commenced and carried forward in their new field," South Africa.105 It was perhaps at this time she handed them the letters she had written them after their departure from Moss, and perhaps discussed the contents of the joint letter with them.106 The next day Wednesday 6 July, after some shopping in London, she went to see the two families board their vessel for South Africa.107 They sailed on the Hascaden Castle.108 Interestingly Robinson had been with those who came to say good-bye to White when two years earlier she herself had boarded a vessel to take her to Europe.109 Now she was to see him off, not knowing what he and these other friends would be subject to in establishing the Church in a new field. As she wrote: "I returned from the boat with many sad impressions." That evening, Thursday 7 July, White was able to take time to talk with Haskell "upon many important matters connected with the work."110 The next day she traveled to Southampton.
Accompanied by the Ings, White arrived in Southampton Friday 8 July. They took dinner with Sis. S. Phipson and her mother at their apartment. Phipson was the local literature agent for the Mission at Southampton. Her mother suffered from "stones in kidneys and liver." Haskell arrived the same day in time to speak at an evening meeting in a hired hall. Sabbath White spoke in the afternoon to the membership of the Southampton church.111 It would appear Haskell spoke in the hall meetings Sunday morning 10 July but with "not many outsiders present." White spoke in the afternoon on Christ's words "Let not your heart be troubled" and there was "a much larger number out."112
Monday 11 July White and the Ings visited the Isle of Wight, specifically to spend time with Sargent the ship's captain whom she had previously met in Grimsby, and his "numerous little flock." Sargent, who lived close to the Solent, met them and rowed them in a boat across the bay to visit his home. The Sargents had kept the Sabbath now for five years and White considered them "children of God, keeping the Sabbath with all fidelity." Before returning to Southampton she visited Osborne House, a residence of the Queen of England.113
While in Southampton White met and conversed with a Sister Griffeth, who afterwards wrote her on a matter of concern to her. Whatever her need, White felt that "such cases must not be indifferently passed by," and consequently after returning to America wrote Jenny Ings that she "do something for her."114 Such concern was not uncommon in White.
From this point White's diary information becomes rather sketchy. For the last three weeks of her stay in England only a few details can be pieced together from her available letters. Writing to her children from Kettering, 30 June 1887, White indicated her intention of returning to the area, and in particular to Wellingborough where "there has been an earnest desire for me to speak to the people in this new place where the tent is to stand this summer or fall." She had been specific that it would be "the Sabbath after being in Southampton," and that she would "then go on to Grimsby to speak to them."115 That Sabbath would have been 16 July but in fact a sermon manuscript for Wellingborough bears the date of Thursday 14 July. She spoke from Titus 2:11-14 on the subject of "A Peculiar People," covering the subjects of the second coming of Jesus Christ, the resurrection, the granting of the kingdom to the saints, and a salvation that brings moral power to overcome temptation and bring us into obedience to the law by Christ's imputed righteousness.116 Whether she actually stayed on in Kettering and Wellingborough over 16 July we have no record. The following week she was certainly in Grimsby. No doubt staying again at the Mission headquarters facilities, which still remained in Grimsby, and with the Lanes.117 Perhaps she took time to rest after over seven weeks of what must have been exhausting travel throughout Europe, Scandinavia and England. On 20 July White wrote her son W. C. White and daughter-in-law Mary in London: "I am in good health, appetite good, strength good. We have the very best kind of living, and I am gaining strength."118 Perhaps these two weeks without travel were just what she needed before her departure from Liverpool for America.
Departure and Home
White arrived in Liverpool at 11:00 A.M. Tuesday 2 August, where she was met by members of her family who had arrived earlier from Switzerland and London. Mary "was looking quite changed; poor, yet seems to be as well as I expected," she wrote Jenny Ings. The two grandchildren, Ella and Mabel, were well. W. C. White was now in Europe, at Basel, to complete work "that demanded his special attention." Earlier White had promised the Ings that they would return to America and California when she returned119, but Haskell was anxious for Ings to stay on in England and White considered it right that Jenny remain with her husband, at least until the time when W. C. White should return. So, for White, "it seemed not to be the will of God" that they return with her at this time. If Haskell was successful in getting a Brother and Sister McClure to come to England to ease the situation over workers then together the Ings could be released quite soon.120 Jenny stayed, contrary to her inclination.121
Daniel Bourdeau and his son had accompanied Mary White and her children to England. Although the party were to stay in a local hotel they were first taken to Drew's house at 12 The Woodlands, Clifton Park, Birkenhead, where White was able to visit with them "to my hearts content." She also found time to speak with a Mr. Smith who had come specifically to see her. Smith had been a minister of the Church of England but had left that ministry believing in the doctrine of immortality of the soul only through Jesus Christ, "in accordance with the Word of God." White sought to encourage Smith, this "honest Christian." That evening she talked more with those assembled, and did not get to bed until after 10.00 P.M..122
Before leaving Grimsby White had purchased a fur cape for her daughter-in-law, Mary, and found it to be "just what she wanted," but after arrival in Liverpool realized that she should have purchased other things both for Mary, the children, and for herself. Mary had purchased little for herself before leaving Switzerland, and had "made scarcely anything for the children."123
Thursday 4 August White dashed off a letter to Jenny Ings from the hotel, "amid confusion"124 and someone "rattling on the piano,"125 to inform her that she missed her company after being attached to her over the past months. She expected to meet her "in about four weeks" and expressed her appreciation for her hard work, "laziness or shirking is not your besetting sin", she told her.126
White sailed from Liverpool aboard The City of Rome together with Mary, the two children, Daniel Bourdeau and his son Augustine, and O. A. Olsen127 and his son. Mary and the girls shared White's cabin, and she obtained the necessary nightly ventilation she always required, after Mary slipped the porter a shilling to leave the porthole open.128
During the crossing White's thoughts, for the greater part, were on what she was leaving behind. She had time to reflect and consequently she spent part of her voyage writing letters to the friends and Church leaders she had left to continue with the work in the three Missions, including one written generally to the "Brethren in Europe." She indicated, "I am sorry I could not have done more labor in England," while recognizing the leadership's desire "to see the work make more rapid strides, because we know it can and should."129 She was to write four months later:
After a two years stay in Europe we see no more reason for discouragement in the state of the cause there than at its rise in the different fields in America.130
Now she was speaking from first hand knowledge after two years of visiting, observing, teaching, preaching, and counseling. Her reports to the 1887 General Conference session were those of a missionary from the European Missions.
White arrived in America on Thursday 11 August after a "pleasant and prosperous voyage" that took eight days.131 The ocean had been "as placid as a lake."132 By Wednesday 17 August she was in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and "thankful I can eat tomatoes, green corn, sweet potatoes, bananas, blackberries, huckleberries."133
Interestingly, by the middle of August White was beginning to miss some things she herself had become accustomed to in Europe and now only available in England. She wrote Jenny Ings asking her to obtain "a package of those stockings" that she and the other ladies had used. "I wear them," she wrote, "and they feel so nice." She knew they were obtainable in Liverpool or London and wanted some brought to her in America. She also wanted "two coarse linen sheets" which she knew would not be "dutiable" on entrance to America.134
The General Conference opened Sunday 13 November 1887, and White was present. At this time the Foreign Mission Board was reformulated and pulled together into a stronger organization. She was back home in California by December.
1Details of this tour may be found in White, "Visit to Scandinavia," HS, pp.174-225; Delafield, EGWE, pp.91-132; Crisler, LS, pp.295-296. Detailed information on White's visits to Scandinavia during 1885-1887 can be found in Hans Jorgen Schantz, "Ellen Gould White in Denmark," WES, pp.85-117; Edwin Torkelsen, "Ellen G.White in Norway 1885-1887," WES, pp.149-339; Eric Soderberg, "Ellen G. White in Sweden," WES, pp.118-148; White, Arthur L. EGW, 3:316-329.
2White, "Visit to Scandinavia," HS, p.220.
3W. C. White to Mary White, Letter 28, November 1885.
4White, "Visit to Northern Italy," HS, p.226.
5White to W. C. "Willie" White, Letter 37, 23 November 1885.
6Crisler, LS, p.289.
7Details of this trip may be found in White, "Visit to Northern Italy," HS, pp.226-249; Delafield, EGWE, pp.133-147. Details regarding White's visits in Italy may be found in Guiseppe De Meo, "Ellen G. White in Italy," WES, pp.340-359; White, Arthur L, EGW, 3:330-343 covers winter visits to Italy and her stay in Switzerland 1885-1887.
8Details of White's time spent in Switzerland may be found in Jean R. Zurcher, "Ellen G. White in Switzerland," WES, pp.6-47.
9Delafield, EGWE, pp.148-173.
10See SDAE, art., "Conradi, Louis Richard." This author's elder daughter, Ann-Marie, is presently married to John Timothy Reichert, the great-grandson of Conradi.
11See Louis Richard Conradi, "A Visit to Russia," HS, pp.250-271.
12White, Diary, MS 54, 1886. This MS was a travel outline letter addressed to her son Edson White and his wife, and to her nephew Frank Belden and his wife Hattie.
13Delafield, EGWE, pp.174-180.
14ibid., pp.186-191.
15ibid., pp.192-210; Crisler, LS, pp.297-299; White, Arthur L., EGW, pp.344-358 covers this second visit to Scandinavia.
17White to Brother and Sister Ings, Letter 78, 1886, MS Release #1566 to Rex Riches. See Appendix 4 for the full text of the letter. All facts in the next three pages are from this source unless otherwise stated.
18James White, "The Last Mail," RH, 30 January 1879, p.36.
19Announcement, ST, 29 July 1886, p.464.
20Ings, "Among the Church in Europe," RH, 17 May 1887, p.315.
21White to Bro. Sis. Ings, Letter 7a, 11 August 1886, MS Release #1564 to Rex Riches.
22W. C. White, "The Work in Europe," ST, 22 October 1885, p.634.
23White to Bro. Sis. Ings, Letter 7a, 11 August 1886.
24White, Diary, MS 69, 14,15 September 1886.
25ibid., 16,17 September 1886.
26Crisler, LS, p. 291-294; White, Diary, MS 12, 23 - 25 September 1886; Sermon, "The Privilege of Being a Christian," MS 16, 19 September 1886; Sermon, MS 80, 21 September 1886; Talk, MS 81, 21 September 1886; Talk, MS 82, September 1886; Sermon, MS 83, September 1886; Sermon, MS 84, 26 September 1886.
27White, Diary, MS 69, 18 September 1886.
28White, Sermon, MS 16, "The Privilege of Being a Christian," 19 September 1886.
[29Crisler, LS, p.291.
30ibid., p.291-294.
31White, Talk, MS 80, 21 September 1886; Talk, MS 81, 21 September 1886.
34Wilcox, "General European Council," PT, 21 October 1886, p.160.
35Crisler, LS, p. 294.
36White, Sermon, MS 84, 26 September 1886.
37Wilcox, "General European Council," PT, 21 October 1886, p.160; SDAYB, 1887, pp.92,93.
38SDAYB, 1887, pp.92,93.
40Wilcox, "General European Council," PT, 21 October 1886, p.160; White, Sermon, MS 84, 26 September 1886.
41SDAYB, 1887, p.94,96.
44ibid.; SDAYB, 1887, p.98.
48ibid., p.99.
49LS, pp.294,295.
50ibid., p.295.
52Smith, "General Conference Proceedings," RH, 14 December 1886, p.777.
54Smith, "General Conference Proceedings," RH, 30 November 1886, p.762; SDAYB, 1887, p.96.
55"English Mission Report to General Conference," RH, 23 November 1886, p.731.
58"English Mission Report to General Conference," RH 23 November 1886, p. 731.
59Wilcox, "General European Council," PT 21 October 1886, p.160.
60Lane, "English Mission Report to General Conference," RH, 23 November 1886, pp.730,731.
61Smith, "General Conference Proceedings," RH, 7 December 1886, p. 763.
62ibid., 30 November 1886, p. 744.
63ibid., 7 December 1886, p. 762.
64ibid., 14 December 1886, p. 778.
66"Missionary Work-No.1," RH, 4 January 1887, p.3; "No.2," 11 January 1887, p.23; "No.3," 18 January 1887, p.39; "No.4," 25 January 1887, pp.54,55; "No.5," 1 February 1887, p.70; "No.6," 15 February 1887, pp.102,118,119.
67White, Diary, MS 69, 1 October 1886.
68ibid., 2,3 October 1886.
69ibid., 3 October 1886; Details of White's time in France may be found in Gerard Poublan, "Ellen G. White in France," WES, pp.360-412.
70White, "The Work in Basel, Switzerland," RH, 12 April 1887, p.226.
71See Delafield, EGWE, pp.226-241.
72White, Talk, "Search the Scriptures," MS 43, Thursday 21 October 1886. For details see Delafield, EGWE, pp.236-238.
73White to Haskell, Letter 20, 14 January 1887, MS Release #1567 to Rex Riches. See Appendix 5 for full text.
74Smith, "General Conference Proceedings," RH, 7 December 1886, p. 763. White would answer this request in 1891. See SDAE art., "Australia, Commonwealth Of."
75White to Haskell, Letter 20, 14 January 1887.
77White to Edson and Emma White, Letter 82, 18 April 1887.
79ibid.; see also Delafield, EGWE, pp.275-285.
80See Delafield, EGWE, p.297-301; Arthur White, EGW, 3:367-371 for details of the Fifth European Council in Norway.
81Haskell, "London, England," PT, 16 June 1887, p.361; "From Moss, Norway," PT, 7 July 1887, p.409.
82Haskell, "Camp-meeting and Council in Europe," RH, 19 July 1887, p. 457.
83"Camp-meeting in Norway," PT, 7 July 1887, pp.202,203. The newspaper report of 14 June was reprinted in "Tour to the Camp-Meeting at Moss," ST, 14 July 1887, p.425.
84Crisler, LS, p.300. See Chapter 9 for additional information.
85Durland, "Report of the European Council," PT, 7 July 1887, pp.204,205; RH, 19 July 1887, p.461; ST, 4 August 1887, pp.473,474; SDAYB, 1888, p.75-77. From here on all reports of the Council will be from these sources unless otherwise stated. W. A. Spicer was 22 years of age when he came to Britain to be Secretary to Haskell. For the past six years he had served as callboy at the Battle Creek Sanitariun and as secretary to Dr. J. H. Kellogg. He stayed in Britain until 1892. He would later become a missionary to India and President of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists 1922-1930. See SDAE, art., "Spicer, William Ambrose."
86J. G. Matteson, "Northern Europe," RH, 26 July 1887, p. 474.
87Crisler, LS, pp. 300-302.
88White, Diary, MS 34, 10-20 June 1887; Crisler, LS, p.301.
90N. Clausen, "Organization of a Conference in Norway," PT, 21 July 1887, pp.220,221.
91White, Diary, MS.34, 20 June 1887.
92White, Diary, MS.35, 23-28 June 1887; Delafield, EGWE, pp.305,306.
93White, Diary, MS,36, 28-30 June 1887. It should be noted that the dates of the month do not match the days of the week or the information in this Diary, MS 36, nor in the previous MS 35, from 26 June. Whether this was the fault of White or of a secretary is not known. Corrected dating will appear in footnotes relating to MS 36 from this point. Apart from this Dairy account we have little information of White's third and last visit in England. See also Arthur White, EGW, 3:371-372 for some details.
94ibid., 30 June 1887; White to "Dear Children," Letter 85, 30 June 1887.
95White, Diary, MS 36, 30 June, 1 July 1887.
96ibid., 1 July 1887.
98MS 36, 2 July 1887.
100ibid.
101ibid., 3 July 1887.
104Today Holloway prison is for women and still a major place of incarceration in England.
105White, Diary, MS 36, 5 July 1887.
106White to [Brethren on Your Way to Distant Field of Labor]Dores A. Robinson and Charles L. Boyd, Letter 14, 18 June 1887. See Appendix 6 for full text; White to Boyd, Letter 12, 25 June 1887. See Appendix 7 for full text.
107As it happened, Robinson's stay in Africa would be brief. He returned the next year to Britain, where he labored as superintendent until 1895, at which time he was appointed to begin work in India. In the year 1900 he died of smallpox. See SDAE, art., "Robinson, Dores A." Boyd served in Africa until 1891, when he returned to America to take the presidency of the Tennessee River Conference. He remained in that State until his death in 1898. Mrs Boyd took service for 12 years in Australia as a teacher at Avondale College and Bible instructor. Seventeen years were spent as a Bible instructor in California until her retirement in 1927. See SDAE, art., "Boyd, Maud Sisley."
108Haskell, "A Word from England," RH, 2 August 1887, p.489.
109See Chapter 8.
110White, Diary, MS 36, 6,7 July 1887.
111ibid., 8,9 July 1887.
112ibid., 10 July 1887.
114White to Jenny Ings, Letter 66, 17 August 1887, MS Release #1568 to Rex Riches.
115White to Dear Children, Letter 85, 30 June 1887.
116White, Sermon, MS 25, 14 July 1887. The last page of this document is missing.
117White to Ings, Letter 65, 4 August 1887.
118White to W. C. White, Letter 90, 20 July 1887.
119White to Bro. and Sis. Ings, Letter 78, 26 May 1886.
120White to Jenny [Ings], Letter 64, 3 August 1887.
121White to Sis. Ings, Letter 65, 4 August 1887.
124White, ["Mother"] to Jenny Ings, Letter 65, 4 August 1887. MS release #1568 to Rex Riches.
126White ["Mother"] to Jenny Ings, Letter 65, 4 August 1887.
127Olsen was later to become a president of the General Conference and the first president of the British Union Conference in 1901.
128White to Sis. Ings, Letter 66, 17 August 1887.
129White to Brethren in Europe, Letter 15, 6 August 1887.
130White, "Our Mission in Europe," RH, 6 December 1887, p.753.
131White to Haskell, Letter 50, 1 September 1887. See Appendix 10 for full text.
132White to Jenny Ings, Letter 65, 4 August 1887. MS release #1568 to Rex Riches.
133White to Jenny Ings, Letter 66, 17 August 1887. MS release #1568 to Rex Riches.


text:
Amerant Mortgage launches new division
US mortgage application activity bounces back as rates go down
Amherst Group taps industry expert to manage MBS portfolio
Read next: Non-QM specialist launches revamped portal
"When Amerant Mortgage partnered with Amerant Bank earlier this year, we initially focused on retail offerings as our primary line of business," said Amerant Mortgage chief revenue officer Howard Levine. "As our business evolved, we found an opportunity to accelerate the growth of our wholesale division, which led us to bringing on this accomplished team, which generated a gross loan volume of over $2 billion in the last year, with a heavy focus in the purchase market."
"Since the launch of Amerant Mortgage, the partnership has steadily grown in scale," said Miguel Palacios, executive vice president and chief business officer of Amerant Bank. "The next logical step was a more robust offering to mortgage brokers, and with the addition of this new team, we have the capabilities to deliver unmatched service and product options."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


(anon). Western Railroader. Vol. 24, No. 11. San Mateo. Western Railroader. November, 1961. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(anon). Zeleznice. Cech Moravy a Slezska. Miroslav. Lektorovali. 1995. 150 pps. 4to. Decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white. Fine (owner name on end paper) copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
(Hauck) ed. Colorado Rail Annual No. 9 Nine. A Journal of Railroad History in the Rocky Mountain West. Golden. Colorado Railroad Hist. Foundation. 1971. 126 pps. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 54. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1984. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 64. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1987. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 65. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1987. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 66. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1987. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 72. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1989. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 77. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1990. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 78. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1990. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 80. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1990. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). Premier News No. 87. Crewe. L. & N.W.R. Society. 1992. 21 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(misc). The Horizon Book of Railways. London. Paul Hamlyn. 1961. 160 pps. Octavo. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
(R&LHS). Bulletin Index 1-81 Inclusive... The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Westford. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). January, 1951. 15 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Very scarce reference work. Fine copy.
(R&LHS). Bulletin No. 134. Georgia Railroad, Abandoned Rail Liens, Susquehanna Bridge on the P.W.&B, N.C.N.G... The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Westford. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). Spring, 1976. 119 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(R&LHS). Bulletin No. 135. Shops and Car Building in Fond Du Lac, Dallas and Its First Railroad, Church Hill Tunnel... The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Westford. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). Fall, 1976. 120 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(R&LHS). Bulletin No. 137. Erasmus Gest and the C.W. & Z. Norfolk & Western Roanoke Shops. Railroad Manuscript Collections. Branch Line. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Boston. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). 1977. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(R&LHS). Bulletin No. 138. Car Builders of the U.S. Taunton Car Company. Pullman Standard. Steel Passenger Cars. George P. Kimball. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Boston. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). 1978. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(R&LHS). Bulletin No. 139. Portland Company. Mt. Clare Station. Burlington. Railroad Technology. Locomotive Rosters for Major Railroads. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Boston. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). 1978. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy. Small number taped to spine.
(R&LHS). Bulletin No. 141. Great Schuyler Stock Fraud. Thomas H. Paul. Railroad Nicknames. Panhandle Locomotives. Wootten and the Reading Shops. Narrow Gauge Fallacy. Fast Freight Lines. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Boston. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). 1979. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
(R&LHS). Bulletin No. 142. Boston Locomotive Works. Hinkley Locomotive Construction Records. Weems Torpedo. The Lion. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (R&LHS). Boston. The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society (RLHS). 1979. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.


text:
defilafil.fr » No category » Private Charity and the Public Purse: Development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794-1988
Download Private Charity and the Public Purse: Development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794-1988 fb2
by Bernard Cashman
Bernard_Cashman English
Author: Bernard Cashman
Other formats: rtf lrf mobi doc
Publisher: Bedford Hospital NHS Trust; First Edition edition (November 1988)
Read by Bernard Cashman.
Read by Bernard Cashman. See a Problem? We'd love your help. Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia.
Bernard Cashman, Private Charity and the Public Purse: the development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794–1988 .
Bernard Cashman, Private Charity and the Public Purse: the development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794–1988 (Bedford, 1988), p. 14. oogle Scholar. 62. See M. Jeanne Peterson, The Medical Profession in Mid-Victorian London (Berkeley, 1978), pp. 175–6, andGoogle Scholar. See S. J. Reiser, 'Creating Form Out of Mass: the development of the medical record', in E. Mendelsohn (e., Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences: essays in honor of I. Bernard Cohen (New York, 1984), pp. 301–16; Rosner, Hospitals and Health Care, pp. 55 et passim; andGoogle Scholar.
Publication, Distribution, et. . North Bedfordshire Health Authority, (c)1988. On this site it is impossible to download the book, read the book online or get the contents of a book. Physical Description: xvii, 206 p. : il. facsims. 22 cm. General Note: Includes index. The administration of the site is not responsible for the content of the site. The data of catalog based on open source database. All rights are reserved by their owners.
Private Charity and the Public Purse: the Development of Bedford General Hospital 1794-1988. Pp xiii+206+index; figs; £. 5 paper-back. Bedford: North Bedfordshire Health Authority, 1988.
Private Charity and the Public Purse by Bernard Cashman (1988). 1985) The English workhouse: a study in institutional poor relief in selected counties. University of Oxford. BMJ Report on Bedford Workhouse and Infirmary, 1895.
BERNARD CASHMAN, Private charity and the public purse. The development of Bedford General Hospital: 1794-1988, Bedford, For the North Bedfordshire Health Authority, 1988, 8vo, pp. xxvii, 206, illus. Britannia Place, Bedford MK42. T. G. DAVIES, Deeds not words: a history ofthe Swansea General and Eye Hospital 1817-1948, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 1988, 8vo, pp. xv, 259, illus.
It is a quotation illustrative of one of this book's great strengths: lucid discussion of the personalities and groups associated with the tumultuous changes occurring within the institutions of nineteenth-century medicine, as seen through the lens of economic and social change in mid- to late-Victorian British society. Many hospital administrators recognize an increasing need to educate the public on the important role their institutions play in the economic viability of the local community.
Charity Hospital was one of two teaching hospitals which were part of the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans (MCLNO), the other being University Hospital
Charity Hospital was one of two teaching hospitals which were part of the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans (MCLNO), the other being University Hospital. Three weeks after the events of Hurricane Katrina, then Governor Kathleen Blanco said that Charity Hospital would not reopen as a functioning hospital. The Louisiana State University System, which owns the building, stated that it had no plans to reopen the hospital in its original location
Purse: Development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794-1988 by Bernard Cashman. Hospitals -England - Bedford - History. Hospitals and Dispensaries. Bedford (Bedfordshire). Bedfordshire -Bedford.
Private Charity and the Public Purse: Development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794-1988 by Bernard Cashman. Book title: Private Charity and the Public Purse: Development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794-1988. Other Formats: rtf lrf mobi doc. Pages: 224 pages. Bedford (England) - Hospitals - History.
Provenance; from the library of the Birmingham Medical Institute with its presentation bookplate, being presented by the Birmingham Hospital Saturday Fund. Physical description; 206, xvii p. : ill., 1 map, facsims, plans, ports ; 22 cm (pbk). Notes; Includes bibliographies and index. Subjects; Bedford General Hospital (Bedfordshire, England) - History. St. Peter's Hospital, Bedford. Bedford General Hospital - Studies. 18th Century. 19th Century. 20th Century. Hospitals - history. Hospitals - England - Bedford - History. Hospitals and Dispensaries. Bedford (Bedfordshire). Bedfordshire - Bedford. England. Bedfordshire. Bedford (England) - Hospitals - History. Bedfordshire. Bedford. Hospitals: Bedford General Hospital, - history. Genre; Illustrated.
Related to Private Charity and the Public Purse: Development of Bedford General Hospital, 1794-1988 fb2 books:
Bedford Introduction to Literature : Reading, Thinking, Writing fb2
Dialogues With Convention: Essays in Renaissance Poetry fb2
Bedford's Motoring Heritage fb2
Legacy fb2
If I Had You fb2
England's Glorious Revolution 1688-1689: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford Series in History and Culture) fb2
A History of Bedford Athletic R.U.F.C fb2
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford Series in History and Culture) fb2
Dred Scott v. Sandford: A Brief History with Documents (The Bedford Series in History and Culture) fb2
Ian T. Ramsey: Makers of the Modern Theological Mind fb2


You may know there are some MSP430F5 devices that have a USB device peripheral built-in to the MCU. This is kind of great, because the cost of an MSP430F55xxdevice and glue circuits is not much more than the cost of an FTDI FT232 or SiLabs CP210x bridge chip, so you could save a bunch of board space and money, or you could use the MSP as a dedicated front-end and put on a full-blown TTY driver and minimal shell. That would be pretty cool.
In contrast to the STM32 USB library, the MSP430 USB library is extremely easy to setup for basic testing. However, it's a giant pain to integrate it with a pre-existing system (such as OpenTag). It's also bloated as hell (5KB) and somewhat unreliable, although the unreliability is mostly to do with the fact that the MSP430 doesn't have an NVIC, so other time-critical, interrupt-driven processes can cause some data corruption of the USB buffer (the USB MAC generates quite a few interrupts and is somewhat time-critical, itself).
I've spent a long time optimizing the OpenTag MPipe driver to work as reliably as possible with MSP430F5 USB, while not interfering with DASH7 MAC processes. Occasionally, you might receive some broken data on OTcom, which occurs when RF interrupt handling blocks USB interrupts, but it's quite fine for building a little USB stick. I've also de-bloated the TI code by quite a bit (now 3.5KB) and made it CDC-specific. There's a lot more potential for optimization, though.
The code is available with OpenTag. GitHub is a good place to look at it.


Dr. Rosy Sandhu is the founding director of Neem Medical Spa. Dr. Sandhu is a board-certified internal medicine physician with 10 years of hospital medicine experience. She has a special interest in anti-aging and aesthetic medicine and has had years of training in advanced cosmetic procedures and medical weight loss.
Dr. Sandhu completed her residency in Internal Medicine at Rochester General Hospital in New York and has been practicing medicine for over a decade. She is certified in Aesthetics and Medical Weight Loss by the International Association for Physicians in Aesthetic Medicine. Dr. Sandhu is a member of the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine and American Society of Bariatric Physicians, and her leadership in healthcare is why she was chosen for the VIP Woman of the Year Circle by the National Association of Professional Women (NAPW). She was recently nominated and awarded the GK100 Award, which is given to Boston's 100 most influential people of color. In addition, she was nominated along with 20 other women of Indian origin for the 2018 Women of the Year Award.
Apart from her career in medicine, Dr. Sandhu is married and has a seven-year-old daughter who is the love of her life! She loves to take her to the beach or the zoo and enjoys spending time with her family and friends.
Dr. Sandhu's vision is to make Neem Medical Spa the ultimate wellness destination in the Northeast region. Her center offers a vast array of anti-aging, rejuvenating, weight loss, and wellness services that combine the latest advances in western technology for aesthetic treatments, such as state-of-the-art laser treatments, radio-frequency-assisted body contouring and skin tightening, physician-directed weight loss, Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy, dermal fillers and injectables, and chemical peel treatments. She is also a Y Lift® Certified professional. Given her eastern roots and interest in Ayurveda, the ancient holistic science from the East, she brings the benefits of time-proven Neem-based natural wellness treatments that are incorporated in many of the skin care treatments.


Bush speaks... sort of. Through the words of a staffer, anyway. But he pretty much gets it all right. The McCain candidacy was a mess from day one. How he got as far as he did, I will never know.
Well, I'm not sure that his assessments were off the mark. Sounds accurate to me and though I like Sarah, she was not ready and needs to be seasoned a little bit more in the lower 48.
Romney was the only guy in the race that could have had a chance in guiding us through the economic issues, but hey since when did being qualified mean anything in DC?


For payment & fintech providers, we power payments with best-in-class technology, reporting, flexibility, and transparency. Cass Integrated Payments is pioneering the future of fintech, so you'll never get left behind.
More than a bank, Cass puts the "fin" in fintech. Most companies like yours are working with both a processing company and third-party bank to move funds. Not Cass clients. We are both the processor and the bank.
Because of this, you eliminate layers of cost and complexity. Our clients enjoy faster transaction execution because there are no extra steps between the payment service and bank. Payments can be handled within our organization without adding layers of red tape, reviews, and paperwork.
Cass simplifies payments of all types: ACH, check, virtual cards, wire transfers, and more. We manage all the rails so you can focus on your business.
With transparent reporting, you stay informed so you have greater visibility and control. See real-time when payments clear. Know earlier about incomplete transactions. Avoid funding issues. Keep your ledger healthy. Better manage the payment process end-to-end.
Deep experience with the world's leading organizations shapes our processes and reduces your risk. Cass continuously updates systems to the latest requirements, keeping you ahead of compliance issues automatically.
Cass is one of the market's leading brain trusts for payments. Our system is built on six decades of experience, and has evolved to satisfy common challenges easily.
Many solutions work well when everything goes as planned. But Cass builds in greater protection across the payment cycle, ensuring inevitable problems are easier to catch and manage. Processes stay cleaner, even when integrating with complex customer systems. Our team is here to support and guide you.
When choosing a payments partner, Cass Integrated Payments stood out with a flexible platform and deep experience. Their solution simplifies the process and reporting. Plus, they can address new requirements quickly. Any company considering a new solution should talk to Cass.
Now payments run smoothly. Our system works as it should, so things are quiet. But when we occasionally do need to troubleshoot, our main contact and everyone at Cass are always very accommodating. I'm super pleased with how everything has turned out.
In our business, partnerships are critical. We only work with people we trust. Cass has grown with us from our early stages. We see them as a long term strategic partner and continue to find ways to leverage their expertise and services. I highly recommend talking with Cass.
In today's dynamic payment environment, the right partner makes all the difference. Give your network the security and vision of a market leader: Cass Information Systems.
Learn how innovative processes, market foresight, and the financial strength of Cass Bank can position you to succeed now, and in tomorrow's redefined payments landscape.


text:
Russ Ballard è il sesto album del cantante rock inglese Russ Ballard, pubblicato dalla EMI su vinile (catalogo EJ 24 01331) e CD (catalogo CDP 538, 777 7 91663 2) nel 1984.

Voices
La versione singolo ha durata 4:13.

Il brano è presente nella colonna sonora della prima stagione del telefilm Miami Vice e precisamente nella seconda parte dell'episodio (il 5°) intitolato Il ritorno di Calderone. Curiosamente, la canzone In the Night, proveniente dallo stesso album Russ Ballard, è stata inserita nella prima parte dell'episodio (il 4°).

Tracce
Testi e musiche di Russell Glyn Ballard.
Lato A

Lato B

Staff artistico
 Russ Ballard - voce, chitarra
 Simon Phillips - batteria
 Mo Foster - basso
 Greg Sanders - tastiere

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
NewsChevron Right IconEurope
Essex truck deaths: Driver named after 39 bodies found dead in 'horrific' tragedy
Alex Chapman
Published: 23/10/2019 Updated: Thursday, 24 October 2019 9:03 AM GMT+11
39 dead bodies found in the back of truck
39 dead bodies have been discovered, locked in the back of a truck east of London.
The man arrested on suspicion of murder after dozens of bodies were found in the back of a cargo truck he was supposedly driving cross-country has been identified.
British police made the horrific discovery of 39 corpses in the back of the truck in England's southeast on Wednesday morning (local time).
Watch the video above
A 25-year-old man from Northern Ireland was arrested on suspicion of murder and remains in custody.
Though police are yet to formally identify him, local media have named him as Mo Robinson.
More on 7NEWS.com.au
Truck driver arrested on suspicion of murder after 39 bodies found in Essex
Pokemon Go player shot and killed after accidentally witnessing armed robbery
Nine-year-old boy accused of intentionally starting fatal fire appears in court
Robinson's social media profile shows photos of him driving a truck similar to the one swarmed by detectives on Wednesday.
His partner has also told local outlet Belfast Live she had not been told why he was taken into custody, just that he had been arrested.
Robinson's social media presence shows photos of him driving a truck similar to the one swarmed by detectives on Wednesday.
Robinson's social media presence shows photos of him driving a truck similar to the one swarmed by detectives on Wednesday. Credit: Facebook
An ambulance crew discovered the bodies after being called to an industrial site near Essex.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson said he was appalled by the news and was receiving regular updates about the investigation, alluding to the probability of human trafficking.
"We know that this trade is going on - all such traders in human beings should be hunted down and brought to justice," he said.
Identifying the victims
The victims and their nationalities remains unknown.
Police say it will be a "lengthy process", only confirming one of the bodies was a teenager.
"At this stage, we have not identified where the victims are from or their identities and we anticipate this could be a lengthy process," Essex Police Deputy Chief Constable Pippa Mills told reporters.
"This is an absolute tragedy."
Police cordon off the back of the truck in which 39 bodies were found. Credit: AP
Tracking the truck
Investigators are now working to understand how a truck full of bodies made its way across multiple borders unnoticed.
The truck was registered in Bulgaria by a company owned by an Irishwoman, Bulgaria's foreign ministry says.
It is thought to have entered Britain at Holyhead, a North Wales port that is a major entry point for traffic from Ireland, on Saturday and to have originally started its journey in Bulgaria.
Country's collaborating
The Bulgarian embassy in London received information about the registration from British police, the ministry said in a statement on Wednesday.
"The Scania truck was registered in the city of Varna under the name of a company owned by an Irish citizen," the ministry said.
Bulgarian public broadcaster BNR, citing unnamed sources, said the truck, which has been registered in Bulgaria on June 19, 2017, had left the Balkan country the next day and has not returned since.
Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar said authorities would carry out any investigations necessary if it was established that the truck had passed through Ireland.
- with Associated Press
EuropeCrimeWorld News
News Just In
6:34 PM Queenslanders could be banned from smoking on balconies after landmark ruling
6:25 PM Blinken warns of sudden Russian attack
5:25 PM Taliban demands international recognition after taking over Afghanistan
4:22 PM HK activist Edward Leung freed from jail


More pennsylvania cities. pennsylvania newspapers 5 Most Visited. Philadelphia, pennsylvania. (For US Residents only). See also magazines from USA. Hot Offers.
Pennsylvania: 24,317,836 New York State: 7,452,226 New York City: 928,753 New Jersey: 2,015,012 Connecticut: 328,280 Massachusetts: 25,566 Rhode Island: 16,455 Maine: 17,777 New Hampshire: 15,223 Vermont: 15,511 Pennsylvania, the "Keystone State", has a host of different types of media coming on-line. As with the rest of our site, we have here an organized selection of URL addresses for television, newspaper and radio stations with an online presence in the state. Use this page as your one-stop news shop every morning to see what is going on around the state. Visit Our Sponsors PA Media Directory Click here for our new database searchable by town, etc. Just about every newspaper, radio station and TV station in PA is here.
SITES Top sites newspapers magazines Radio/TV Resources INTERACT Search Update Feedback Info JOBLINK Post ad Search ads Menu, pennsylvania newspapers.
Local newspapers, magazines, radio stations and links to site on the Molly Maguires,coal mining and pennsylvania sites of interest.
SITES Top sites newspapers magazines Radio/TV Resources INTERACT Search Update Feedback Info JOBLINK pennsylvania, pennsylvania Newspaper Publishers Association.
Wisconsin Newspaper Association R ETURN Main menu Top of page Prev. page NewsLink Assoc. Policies and privacy Comments?
Enjoy newspapers, magazines and periodicals from the state of pennsylvania. Newspaper Allentown Morning Call State pennsylvania Country USA Category News.
Pitt Magazine University of Pittsburgh s quarterly magazine University of Newspaper Members Contact information for college newspapers in pennsylvania.
A weekly university publication to keep you up-to-date on what is happening at the University.
An independent student newspaper of the University of Pittsburgh. Offers a New Student Guide, an email newsletter, a Police Blotter for the past week.
University of Pittsburgh Research Review Published quarterly by the University, this publication will inform you of the research news at Pitt.
the publication of the Carnegie Institute, which includes the Carnegie Museum of Art, Museum of Natural History, Science Center, and Andy Warhol Museum.
The New Yinzer is an online magazine bent on promoting Pittsburgh's culture and redefining what it means to live in this city through good stories and fine writing. The New Yinzer first published online on January 30, 2002, was incorporated as a non-profit company on June 14, 2002, and publishes, without fail, on the first Wednesday of each month.
Compare Bucks County Courier Times 1 consumer review Compare Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 7 consumer reviews Compare Philadelphia Daily News 7 consumer reviews Compare The Dickinsonian Compare Greensburg Tribune Review 2 consumer reviews Showing 1-7 of 7 items Help Member Center Privacy Statement Site Index ... Trademark Notice Epinions.com periodically updates pricing and product information from third-party sources, so some information may be slightly out-of-date. You should confirm all information before relying on it.


Morningstar Continues Rollout of Analyst Mutual Fund Ratings, Only 7% Negative.
Morningstar has been rolling out it's new "forward looking" analyst ratings for mutual funds since last November as I have touched on before. The number of funds rated has gone from 349 funds to 924 as of the end of the 2nd quarter (You can see the full list as of 6/30/12 here). While it has been good to see the distribution of ratings even out somewhat, Morningstar still appears to have an allergic reaction to rating funds "negative" as can be seen below.
After reading that you might assume that anything rated gold, silver or bronze is a fund Morningstar analysts think will provide risk-adjusted outperformance compared to a relevant benchmark over a full market cycle of atleast 5 years. Apparently not......as can be seen by the majority of ratings given to 29 index funds. Obviously you could not expect an index fund to outperform it's relevant benchmark....after all, index funds are designed to REPLICATE their relevant benchmark. So they should generally perform in line with the benchmark, minus fees. The best an index fund can hope to do is meet Morningstar's definition of neutral "Fund that isn't likely to deliver standout returns, but also isn't likely to significantly underperform".
Despite the fact that by their very nature index funds can't be expected to outperform their relevant benchmark, of the 29 index funds Morningstar rated, the ratings breakdown as follows: 14 Gold, 9 Silver, 3 Bronze, 2 Neutral, 1 Negative. It is true that the majority of actively managed mutual funds underperform their benchmarks as can be seen below (you can see more in S&P's Indicies vs Active Report). However, the reality is index funds always underperform their benchmarks! (unless a sampling error works in their favor).
However, what Morningstar should take away from the above info is not that index funds deserve metal ratings, what they should take away is that they need to be much more stingy in giving away Gold, Silver & Bronze....because the majority of mutual funds, ACTIVE & PASSIVE, underperform their benchmarks! If everyone knew that metal ratings only meant they would perform like their benchmark I doubt anyone would care for that information, yet Morningstar thinks that is exactly what they should do.


*Webinars are held on Tuesday evenings from 5:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m. PST June - December 2019. After registration, you will receive log in details on how to access webinars and supporting documents. Instructors may require that two articles are reviewed before each webinar. Active participation during the scheduled webinars is highly encouraged. All webinars will be recorded and can be viewed on demand shortly after they are recorded. You may find that a headset improves the listening quality of the webinar.


text:
Q: Rotate MongoDb collection automatically in a periodic manner Let's say I have a mongo collection ("resultData"). I want that every month collection rotation happens (similar to log rotation or archiving) and automatically rename the old collection to "{{old_collection_name}}_{{month_year}}."
This will help me to keep all data without increasing the size of the collection.
NOTE: I am using golang for development.

A: In MongoDB collections do not need to exist prior to using them: you can insert into a collection that does not yet exist, and it will be created automatically.
So a simple and automatic solution is to always use a collection whose name is generated using the current month. As a result, documents will be inserted into a new collection once a new month starts (named after the month).
Here's a simple helper that implements this logic:
func getResultColl(db *mongo.Database) *mongo.Collection {
    name := "resultData_" + time.Now().Format("01_2006")
    return db.Collection(name)
}

This month (2022 November) this function returns a collection whose name is resultData_11_2022. In the next month, the name of the returned collection will be resultData_12_2022.
Using it:
var db *mongo.Database // initialize your Mongo DB

c := getResultColl(db)

if _, err := c.InsertOne(ctx, resultData); err != nil {
    // Handle error
}

Tip: if you move the year in front of the month, then the alphabetical order of the collections will be identical to the chronological order. So I suggest to use "2006_01" format (layout) instead of "01_2006".
Also note that there's nothing wrong having many documents in a collection. You could simply add the month as a field to the documents, and you can filter the results by month if you need, with an index it won't be slower. If you also store the timestamp or use an ObjectId as the _id, you can even do this without adding the month as an extra.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


To save the rainforest, Chico Mendes and the rubber workers union asked the government to set up reserves as they wanted people to use the forest without damaging it. They also used a very effective technique they called the 'empate' where rubber tappers blocked the way into rubber reserves, preventing their destruction.
^ Smallman, Shawn C.; Brown, Kimberley (2011). Introduction to International and Global Studies. UNC Press Books. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-8078-7175-1.
^ Palmer, Joy; et al., eds. (2001). "Chico Mendes". Fifty key thinkers on the environment. Psychology Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-415-14699-9.
^ Palmer, Joy A. (2002). "Mendes, Chico". In Barry, John; Frankland, E. Gene (eds.). International encyclopedia of environmental politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-415-20285-5.
^ Hochstetler, Kathryn; Keck, Margaret E. (2007). Greening Brazil: environmental activism in state and society. Duke University Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8223-4048-5.
^ Keck, Margaret E. (2001). "Social Equity and Environmental Politics in Brazil: Lessons from the Rubber Tappers of Acre". In Domínguez, Jorge I. (ed.). Mexico, Central, and South America: Social movements. Taylor & Francis. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8153-3695-2.
^ Devine, Carol (1999). "Mendes, Chico". In Devine, Carol; Poole, Hilary (eds.). Human rights: the essential reference. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-57356-205-8.
^ Melone, Michelle A. (1993). "The Struggle of the Seringueiros: Environmental Action in the Amazon". In Friedmann, John; Rangan, Haripriya (eds.). In defense of livelihood: comparative studies on environmental action. Kumarian Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-56549-020-8.
Rodrigues, Gomercindo; Rabben, Linda (2007). Walking the forest with Chico Mendes: struggle for justice in the Amazon. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71705-3.


These glassed front and back frames make them not only great for photographs but also a creative way to display other memorable keepsakes, like postcards and drawings. We have put them on our wall in generous quanities to show off our favourite inspiration and product images from our A/W story. Perfect for making a thoughtful gift filled with treasures.
Each brass metal edged photo frame is strung with a pretty velvet taupe tie.


Combine the dry ingredients and cut in butter or shortening. Dissolve baking soda in the boiling water and add, stirring continuously. Toss in the cranberries (I don't bother measuring — just throw them in until it looks right).
Mold with hands and shape into a long, fairly dense, wedge (you might need to flour hands and board to help with this). Slice off wedges and bake in 400°F oven for 10 – 15 minutes.
As I said, none of this is really specific. It's not a dainty recipe that requires stringent measurements. Really, it's oatmeal, right? You will be rewarded for your efforts, and your creativity… what about apple instead of cranberries? Yum. What about orange zest and OJ instead of water? Raspberries?
Apple would be good, I think. They're only in the oven for 10 or 15 minutes, so they would have to be little skinny apple pieces (julienned?) or cooked a bit beforehand, I think.
Oh those look good…I wish I had the ingredients so I could just whip them up right now.
Yummm…strawberries are on sale right now at Avery's…I wonder if that would work instead of cranberries. I gotta try this recipe…thanks for sharing Joan!!