In June of 1913, the racing world slowly began to return to normal, or at least to a new normal, one in which bookmakers were banned and bets were made furtively, as customers tried to figure out how they could wager without running afoul of the law.
In further good news for racing, within weeks of the first horse race in New York in two and a half years, a Long Island judge dismissed charges brought before Nassau County D.A. Charles Wysong by some detectives and the editor of the Evening Journal, Arthur Brisbane, who claimed that people were betting at Belmont, in violation of the law.
The judge's response must have been heartening to August Belmont and the other members of the Westchester Racing Association, who had proceeded cautiously in re-opening the racetrack, concerned about being held liable for the illegal acts of their patrons.
Other non-racing decisions were made in June 1913 as well: an appeal of Paul Shane's 1912 case, the one that had opened the door to a revival of racing, was tossed on a technicality, which, while good news for the tracks in that they could continue to operate under the current ruling, dissatisfied Belmont, who wanted the matter settled once and for all.
A day later, it was announced that the Metropolitan Jockey Club meeting, scheduled to open at Jamaica, would instead be moved to Belmont Park. The horses were already stabled at Belmont, the MJC reasoned, and transportation difficulties near Jamaica meant inconvenience for customers, so racing would stay at Belmont until the sport moved upstate in early August for the Saratoga meeting.
But even as the politics and logistics of racing continued to make headlines, the biggest racing event of June 1913 actually happened on the racetrack, when Whisk Broom II ran the 1 1/4-miles Suburban in 2:00 flat, thought to be a new world record for the distance.
Owned by Harry Payne Whitney, Whisk Broom was by Broomstick out of the Kentucky Oaks winning mare Applause; after purchasing him for $2,500, Whitney had shipped his colt as a yearling to England in 1908, where he won six of 23 starts, finishing second in seven other races. Considered one of the top sprinter/milers, he was sent back to the States in 1913 when he was assigned 145 pounds, at which Whitney was said to "take umbrage" at the "apparent injustice." As the New York Times suggested at the time, England's loss was the United States' gain.
On May 30, 1913, the day that racing returned to New York, Whisk Broom won the Metropolitan Handicap, and three weeks later, he took the Brooklyn Handicap despite "loafing" in the stretch, according to the DRF chart.
A week later, in a race the Form called "one of the greatest races on record in any country" and the Times said was "the like of which has never been seen in America, perhaps in the world," Whisk Broom won the Suburban in the hotly contested final time of 2:00 flat, carrying 139 pounds.
That time was contested not only during the race, when Whisk Broom's stablemate, a first-time starter named Nightstick, acted as his rabbit, going :24, :47 1/5, and 1:12 for 6 furlongs, but also as soon as the race was over.
Whisk Broom & Joe Notter win the 1913 Suburban. Keeneland-Cook.
Immediately followed, of course, by skepticism, and by a number of local horsemen putting forth their own hand-timed numbers for the race, which ranged from 2:00 3/5 minutes to 2:03 2/5, along with a possible reason for the miraculous time: that Barretto had stopped the watch at the finish line directly in front of him, instead of at the finish line for 1 1/4-miles races, which was further up at the track. Barretto maintained that he did no such thing, and the official time of 2:00 stood, though disputed. Kelso equaled it in the 1961 Woodward, and on July 4, 1991, In Excess set the current record for 1 1/4 miles at Belmont when he ran it in 1:58.33, also in the Suburban Handicap.
The record Whisk Broom had broken was set by his own sire, Broomstick, who ran the Brighton Handicap in 2:02 4/5 carrying 104 pounds. Whisk Broom's victory also marked another first: the first time any horse had won what the Times called "the triple event"—the Metropolitan, Brooklyn, and Suburban. Only three horses—Tom Fool, Kelso, and Fit to Fight—have done it since.
Throughout 2013, Brooklyn Backstretch will re-visit the racing events of 1913, the year that racing returned to New York after a nearly three-year absence; click here for previous stories.
"Bookmaking Not Shown," New York Times, June 25, 1913.
Bowen, Edward L. Legacies of the Turf: A Century of Great Thoroughbred Breeders (Vol. I). Eclipse Press, 2003.
"More Racing At Belmont," New York Times, June 19, 1913.
"Race Betting Case Appeal Dismissed," New York Times, June 18, 1913.
Robertson, William H.P. The History of Thoroughbred Racing in America. Bonanza Books, 1964.
"Whisk Broom II Runs Fastest Mile And A Quarter On Record In Winning The Suburban Handicap And Is Acclaimed A Wonderful Horse." Daily Racing Form, June 29, 1913.
Whisk Broom past performances, Champions, Daily Racing Form Press, 2005.
"World's Record For Whisk Broom," New York Times, June 29, 1913.
Wonderful story, Teresa. Thank you. I'm looking forward to reading more about the racing events of 1913. The weights carried back then were astounding, but somehow the great ones got it done. This story was interesting and informative – thanks again.
Thanks, Andrea. I love reading up on these old races…and I'm always glad to know that someone else enjoys them, too.
What a pleasure it is to read your accounts of the 1913 season in New York! Your research skills and your writing bring to life many of the stories we have sometimes heard through the years, but many we have not, too. Thank you!
Your reviews also trigger other thoughts about working the New York tracks over the years and add comparative context: 1) The decision to race the Jamaica dates at Belmont Park because of public access-to-Jamaica difficulties at the time boldly reminds me of negotiating the construction barriers set up on North Conduit Avenue adjacent to the Aqueduct parking lot entrance for what seems to me the entirety of my time working at Aqueduct, 1967 through and including 1996. No kidding, the apparently permanent construction site became a bad joke among all of us, and resulted, we thought, from somebody at NYRA stepping on somebody's toes in Albany, or elsewhere.
Of course the aftermath of Whisk Broom's accomplishment was carpeted with naysayers and the like… just like Secretariat's stakes and track-record Preakness time of 1973. Allegedly sloppy time-keeping at Belmont in 1913 was replaced with a faulty Teletimer setup at Pimlico in 1973. The more things change, the more they stay the same. Glad they both worked out in the end.
3) NYRA's once vaunted Handicap Triple — that may no longer be recognized, unfortunately — originated as the "triple event," according to The New York Times. Very interesting! I wonder if it was a journalist, or a race-tracker who was responsible for the initial sobriquet.
4) And now I know where the late Buddy Delp got his clever and catchy nickname for Spectacular Bid: "Greatest horse to look through a bridle!" Three cheers to the Daily Racing Form for picking up on Whisk Broom's also-clever popularity. I always knew there was a good reason I liked that paper.
Great reading, Teresa. Thank you!
Thanks, Marshall. Your description of the Aqueduct parking lot reminds me of our apparently endless wait for the re-opening of the Aqueduct subway station, now more than a year past the deadline promised by Genting.
Was having a conversation over the weekend about the detail in those old reporters' articles, particularly when it came to race recaps, written in meticulous detail, after having seen the race only once, in real time. We concluded (perhaps not terribly seriously) that the very real possibility existed of some embellishment–without a replay, who would know the difference?
But, of course! "The one that got away," and "… he was beaten by a nose" are far more attached than would be otherwise expected!


text:
Women's Voices Missing From News, Study Finds
NEW YORK -  A new study into the representation of women in media says news organizations should do more to include female perspectives.
The first step to achieving that equity is for journalists to acknowledge that imbalance exists in newsrooms and news production, Luba Kassova, who authored the report, told VOA.
The report, "The Missing Perspectives of Women in News" - commissioned by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - focused on India, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Britain and the U.S. It looked at four indicators: diversity in the workplace, newsroom leadership, women as sources and as figures in news stories, and coverage of gender equality issues.
Overall, marginal progress has been made in the past 10 years, the report found. It challenges policymakers and newsroom leadership to double female representation in coming years to present more balanced perspectives of issues.
When it comes to workplace diversity, "there are no success stories" in any of the countries the study examined, Kassova, who is director of AKAS, said at a media briefing Tuesday. AKAS is an international audience strategy group commissioned to carry out the study.
Top positions in the newsroom remain largely a reserve of the men, and the absence of female voices in the decision-making process means news about women and for women is mostly decided by men, Kassova said.
The world "is missing out on the perspective of half of its population," Pamella Makotsi Sittoni, executive editor of Kenya's Daily Nation, told VOA
Women will continue to be denied their right to be heard or to take up leadership or influential positions in the media if the imbalance persists, Makotsi Sittoni said.
"There is an opportunity when you have equality to tap from both sides and to tap from both perspectives, and that is what we are missing out on by leaving out women," the Kenyan journalist said.
The study found an imbalance in the news gathering process, which continues to give preference to male voices. Between 2005 and 2015, "fewer than one in five experts globally in the news were women," and today, the report said, men are quoted in online news five times more often than women in Nigeria, and six times in India.
The report analyzed news content and academic articles to create a database, and it used Google trends and surveys to collect data in the six countries. More than 2,000 articles and three case studies were considered, and the content of nearly 12,000 publications and more than 56 million stories were analyzed.
The researchers found that women have the best coverage in lifestyle stories, where their voices are captured more than in news linked to policymaking or current affairs.
Similarly, of the 19 beats analyzed, lifestyle reporting was where female journalists have most parity. Women tend to be assigned coverage of education, environment, and issues of poverty and development, with fewer assigned to investigative reporting, the economy, or politics within newsrooms, the study found
When it comes to expert sources cited in politics coverage, men's voices were up to seven times more likely to be heard than that of women. This further dwindles in economic issues where male experts were up to 31 times more likely to be featured than women. In all six countries, women were two to 15 times more likely to appear in the arts and media news genre than in articles on the economy, researchers found.
The study found that with the exception of India, "gender representation in political news coverage is lagging behind women's actual position in political life in Kenya, the U.S., South Africa, and the UK."
The researchers found no indication that the Me Too movement had an impact on coverage of women's issues in the U.S. and Britain, Kassova told VOA. The campaign against sexual harassment and abuse gained prominence in 2017 when Hollywood celebrities and others spoke publicly about their experiences.
Generally, researchers found that the more rooted the patriarchal norms, the bigger the barrier to gender equality. In such countries, both sexes appear to believe that women must be subservient to men - a perception mirrored in the news environment.
The report's findings should be addressed holistically and intentionally, Makotsi Sittoni said. The Kenyan journalist said those in the media should be more proactive and inclusive in eliminating gender biases in newsrooms.
Report author Kassova agreed, saying change is possible but only if newsrooms push for it.
Navalny Appeals Extension Of Detention Order By Russian Court
TMC's allegations of threatening voters are far from truth'
Acharya Manish initiates 'Right To Health' Campaign

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A tale of two worlds
Darwin as a monkey – The view of the church of England and the conservative British press in 1860.
This week I travelled to Europe for an extended break (and offset my travel). From a climate change perspective what met me was such a breath of fresh-air. I've temporarily left Australia, a nation whose politics are torn apart by an inward looking, big business dominated, unrepresentative, and non-scientific political system whose rejection of the Emissions Trading Scheme only serves to remind me of the rejection of Darwin's 'then' theory of evolution by Church of England back in 1860.
Although Europe is haemorrhaging in a barrage of disgusting neo-facism fronted by the alarming views and representations of characters such as Nick Griffin their exists so much development of opinion, media comment and personal action that can only be commended. Europe is far from perfect, but a feeling that even the most conservative right wing media outlets are mostly pushing an agenda of climate change as fact is refreshing.
I've witnessed competitions by employers keen to be have the greenest corporate car fleet, every conceivable renewable energy source being explored as a genuine potential power plant, and the average Joe in the street keen to do their bit by buying green electricity, and increasing recycling to 90% in some locations, and seeing low carbon economies as business opportunities. Europe is full of problems, its economies are in tatters, unemployment is high, and neo-facism is on the march. O2 emissions are enormous and car dependency is huge. But looking beyond this are the small but clear green roots of development towards a low carbon economy. If Europe can take such a path at a time of severe economic downturn then why must Australia be hesitant?
As my mother expressed yesterday: "these are not issues of economics or lifestyle, they're about the future prosperity and happiness of our very own children and grand children. Inaction by politicians and governments about such an issue that will define our generation bring me to tears".
The politicians of Australia need to remember that they are elected to undertake a mandate. Australia may be presented as a nation of climate sceptics by its politicians, its media, and its big business, but in 2007 the people democratically elected the Labor government with a mandate to join the Kyoto treaty and develop an ETS. The time is right for some politicians to respect the democratic will of the people and help introduce legislation intended to progress Australia towards that low carbon economy that is being developed in other regions of the World.


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If you havent seen it, you have made a huge mistake up to this point. Drop everything and go see it immediately. It is wonderful.
Yes Sir!!! But can you watch my kids please?
I'm going to see it WEDNESDAY! Yay!!!!!!! BTW, I loved him as Corny Collins (hairspray).


What is Conductive Education (CE)?
Conductive Education is a holistic educational system for children and adults with motor difficulties and allied needs, developed by Hungarian Professor Andras Peto at the International Peto Institute, in Budapest, Hungary.
Conductive Education views motor disorders as a potential barrier to learning due to the effect such problems can have on a child's ability to explore and interact with their environment independently and spontaneously. CE teaches students techniques to overcome these barriers by providing opportunities to problem solve.
Conductive Education sees the child as a whole, recognising that each area of human development impacts on the next. Although the primary problem may be of a physical nature, cognition, social skills, health, emotional development, perceptual abilities, speech and language may all be involved, therefore these conditions cannot be seen as isolated physical disabilities.
What are the features of Conductive Education?
The integrated programme/daily routine is structured to meet each child's needs within the group. It provides consistency, continuity, and reinforcement through opportunities to generalise skills across the day.
Rhythmic Intention is a strategy used whereby speech, language and rhythm assist children to learn to regulate movement.
The Task Series is a teaching tool used in Conductive Education. It is a series of tasks broken down into small achievable steps, designed to teach children the skills required to achieve a specific goal. The Task Series is an integral part of the school curriculum.
The primary goal of Conductive Education is to develop the child's personality – to develop an "orthofunctional personality". That is, to teach the child the ability to cope, to adapt to new situations and to be spontaneous.
Essentially, it is about developing a "can do" attitude – an active, problem solving approach to life and an adaptable, flexible nature in order to cope with the daily challenges life throws up – from walking, dressing, eating and personal hygiene to communicating, exploring the environment and engaging with activities and resources across all learning areas.
The key to success and independence is to instill in the child both a desire and an expectation that they can achieve.
Parents and families are encouraged to be actively involved in the program so that they can help the children transfer the skills they are learning at school into their home environment. By using the principles of Conductive Education across the whole day, the "can do" approach becomes a way of life for the whole family. The child's confidence, desire and ability to be active, independent, problem solving learners will grow and grow.
Click here to view a short video about Conductive Education in WA.
What CE Programs are available at Carson Street School?
This is earliest intervention for very young children (0-4 years) with motor disorders who attend and learn alongside their parents, run by a Teacher Conductor and supported by a Speech and Language Specialist.
Click here to see the Windows to Our World videos.
Teacher Conductors run programs for Kindergarten to Year One aged students with motor disorders, with support from a Speech & Language Specialist.
Several other primary school aged classes for students with motor disorders, use aspects of Conductive Education. This means they are run by teachers with experience of working within a CE model, who are supported by a Teacher Conductor and Speech & Language Specialist for part of the week.
The Conductive Education Coordinator determines which students are appropriate for which type of intervention after careful evaluation.
The school would like to acknowledge the partnership which has developed over the past 10 years with the Conductive Education Charity of Western Australia (CECWA) which aims at improving programs and practices.


text:
package org.dcache.xdr;

/**
 *
 * Why authentication failed.
 */
public final class RpcAuthStat {

    private RpcAuthStat() {
    }

    /*
     * failed on remote end
     */
    /** success */
    public static final int AUTH_OK = 0;
    /** bad credential (seal broken) */
    public static final int AUTH_BADCRED = 1;
    /** client must begin new session */
    public static final int AUTH_REJECTEDCRED = 2;
    /** bad verifier (seal broken) */
    public static final int AUTH_BADVERF = 3;
    /** verifier expired or replayed */
    public static final int AUTH_REJECTEDVERF = 4;
    /** rejected for security reasons */
    public static final int AUTH_TOOWEAK = 5;

    /*
     * failed locally
     */
    /** bogus response verifier */
    public static final int AUTH_INVALIDRESP = 6;
    /** reason unknown */
    public static final int AUTH_FAILED = 7;

    /*
     * AUTH_KERB errors; deprecated.  See [RFC2695]
     */
    /** kerberos generic error */
    public static final int AUTH_KERB_GENERIC = 8;
    /** time of credential expired */
    public static final int AUTH_TIMEEXPIRE = 9;
    /** problem with ticket file */
    public static final int AUTH_TKT_FILE = 10;
    /** can't decode authenticator */
    public static final int AUTH_DECODE = 11;
    /** wrong net address in ticket */
    public static final int AUTH_NET_ADDR = 12;

    /*
     * RPCSEC_GSS GSS related errors
     */
    /** no credentials for user */
    public static final int RPCSEC_GSS_CREDPROBLEM = 13;
    /** problem with context */
    public static final int RPCSEC_GSS_CTXPROBLEM = 14;

    /**
     * Get human readable {@link String} representation of error code.
     */
    public static String toString(int i) {
        switch (i) {
            case AUTH_OK:
                return "OK";
            case AUTH_BADCRED:
                return "AUTH_BADCRED";
            case AUTH_REJECTEDCRED:
                return "AUTH_REJECTEDCRED";
            case AUTH_BADVERF:
                return "AUTH_BADVERF";
            case AUTH_REJECTEDVERF:
                return "AUTH_REJECTEDVERF";
            case AUTH_TOOWEAK:
                return "AUTH_TOOWEAK";
            case AUTH_INVALIDRESP:
                return "AUTH_INVALIDRESP";
            case AUTH_FAILED:
                return "AUTH_FAILED";
            case AUTH_KERB_GENERIC:
                return "AUTH_KERB_GENERIC";
            case AUTH_TIMEEXPIRE:
                return "AUTH_TIMEEXPIRE";
            case AUTH_TKT_FILE:
                return "AUTH_TKT_FILE";
            case AUTH_DECODE:
                return "AUTH_DECODE";
            case AUTH_NET_ADDR:
                return "AUTH_NET_ADDR";
            case RPCSEC_GSS_CREDPROBLEM:
                return "RPCSEC_GSS_CREDPROBLEM";
            case RPCSEC_GSS_CTXPROBLEM:
                return "RPCSEC_GSS_CTXPROBLEM";
        }
        return "Unknow state " + i;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The California Golden Bell award-winning Summer Enrichment Program, now in its twelfth year, will be held at Gant Elementary School. Children entering first through eighth grades are eligible to attend the fee-based program held in sessions from June 25 to July 12 and from July 16 to August 2.
Classes in music, art, science, cooking and other topics are taught by credentialed Long Beach Unified School District staff Monday through Thursday from 9 a.m. to noon. The cost for each three-week session is $260 or less (early and sibling discounts are available). Recreation supervision is included at no additional charge. Recreation hours are 8 to 9 a.m. and noon to 4 p.m., Monday to Thursday and from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Fridays from June 29 to July 27.
The program is managed by LBUSD's School for Adults.


State Street, the US investment management firm behind the Fearless Girl statue, isn't as supportive of gender-diversity as one would think, according to a new Morningstar study.
Research from Morningstar associate director of quantitative research Madison Sargis shows the firm's US-incorporated gender diversity fund SHE failed to support eight of the 10 gender and diversity resolutions it faced, voting against six and abstaining on two.
Notably, SHE failed to support any of the five pay equity disclosure resolutions—requesting boards to examine workforce gender-based pay gaps—and opposed both resolutions requesting the incorporation of senior management diversity metrics in chief executive performance pay.
"Of the three gender diversity funds reviewed, the voting record for State Street's Gender Diversity Index is the least supportive of shareholder resolutions addressing gender and diversity," Sargis says.
"This seems at odds with the investment objective stated in the fund's prospectus, namely, to invest in US companies that are leaders in advancing women through gender diversity on their boards of directors and in management.
"SHE is evidence that a fund can state an ESG-focused investment objective but can also then vote in opposition on relevant shareholder resolutions," Sargis added.
Sargis says State Street's trailing vote record can be attributed to its stated preference for engagement over voting: "Our preference continues to be constructive engagement, and we only take voting action as a last resort," notes State Street Global Advisors chief executive Cyrus Taraporevala.
However, Sargis says engagement and voting work hand in hand.
"Investment stewardship is the exercise, on behalf of fund beneficiaries, of the control rights inherent in investments. Under SEC rules, fund managers have a fiduciary duty to actively vote their proxies as part of this stewardship responsibility," she says.
"Engagement usually precedes the filing of a resolution, and a breakdown in the dialogue can be the very reason that a resolution ends up on a proxy ballot. For [resolution] filers, engagement is a strategy supported by proxy voting, rather than precluding it."
SHE racked up its voting record while State Street was positioning itself as an advocate for women in corporate America. In 2017, the firm installed its Fearless Girl statue in New York's financial district - a 130cm-high bronze sculpture of a girl defiantly staring down the Charging Bull, erected in 1989 – and called on companies in State Street's portfolios to increase the number of women on their corporate boards.
The statue is considered by many to be a powerful symbol of female strength, and a replica of the statue stood in Melbourne's Federation Square ahead of International Women's Day on 8 March.
State Street's campaign was amplified by public statements around the firm's intention to use proxy voting power if companies fail to take action. State Street reports having engaged with a large number of companies over board diversity concerns and having voted against 581 companies' nominating committee chairs in 2018 where boards failed to add a female director.
In a rebuttal to Morningstar's research, State Street head of ESG investments and asset stewardship Rakhi Kumar said looking at proxy votes alone can produce an incomplete measure of the firm's dedication to gender equality.
Sargis's study analysed the voting records of three US funds with a primary focus on gender - State Street's SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity ETF (SHE); Glenmede's Women in Leadership portfolio (GWILX); the Pax Ellevate Women's Equity Global Leadership Fund (PXWEX) — to see how they voted across the 63 gender-related shareholder resolutions.
Pax Ellevate Global Women's Leadership Fund voted in support of all 23 gender and diversity resolutions on the ballots of portfolio companies over the past three years.
Glenmede's Women in Leadership portfolio fund voted affirmatively on all 14 gender and diversity resolutions it faced.
Sargis says voting in support of workplace diversity and gender pay resolutions - positioned to address structural, cultural, and other barriers to advancement that leave women underrepresented in senior management - provides the most important pool of future board nominees.
"Advancement to corporate boards starts with equal opportunities to participate in the workforce, to rise to senior management positions, and to be rewarded with equal pay for equal work," she says.
"Funds can have impact through how they invest and how they exercise ownership rights, including proxy voting and engagement."
Sargis characterises SHE's failure to support initiatives that foster access to the highest corporate positions as "short-sighted".
"SHE is voting against the very initiatives that can help address gender inequality in corporate America."


text:
Estevan Montemayor Elected President of the CSW Board of Directors
May 10, 2018 | CSW Communications Team
May 10, WEST HOLLYWOOD – This week, the Board of Directors of Christopher Street West (CSW), the 501(c)3 non-profit that produces the annual LA Pride Festival and Parade, unanimously elected Estevan Montemayor as the next CSW Board President, effective immediately. This leadership change comes on the heels of the recent announcement that Madonna Cacciatore will become the organization's first full-time Executive Director in more than a decade. Her tenure will begin on July 1, 2018.
"Thanks to Chris Classen's leadership over the past three years and the incredible work done by the all-volunteer CSW Board of Directors, this LA Pride Week 2018 – including the annual LA Pride Festival and Parade – is on track to be one of the most successful in decades," said Estevan Montemayor, CSW Board President. "I look forward to working with Madonna and the entire Board to continue evolving our organization, create new and engaging programming, and grow our fundraising efforts while still being inclusive, transparent, and representative of our community in everything we do. That is at the heart of our mission."
CSW's mission is to create safe and inclusive spaces for self-expression, inspire an authentic sense of activism in the continued fight for equality, and celebrate the unique heritage and diverse cultures of Los Angeles' LGBTQ+ community and its allies.
This year's pre-Pride ticket sales are stronger than ever, thanks in part to the diverse array of artists, including two popular female headliners as well as a number of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender performers across all of the LA Pride Festival's three stages. Corporate sponsorship revenue for the 2018 LA Pride Festival has already exceeded the prior year – and is on-track to reach a new all-time high for the organization. Revenue from the LA Pride Festival and Parade will be used to create new programs and events that aim to further CSW's mission. The organization's annual tax returns are published on the LA Pride website as they are made available. Following the 2018 LA Pride Festival and Parade, Montemayor and Cacciatore will lead an effort to engage community members and leaders in a review of CSW's programming, vendor relationships, and operations.
Montemayor succeeds former Board President Chris Classen, who stepped down from his role of President after three years of service. Classen will remain on the CSW Board to transition his duties and share institutional knowledge with both Montemayor and Cacciatore.
Montemayor joined the CSW Board in October 2017 as part of a new class of 8 Board members. He is currently the Director of Communications and External Affairs for Los Angeles Councilmember David Ryu, representing Council District 4. He has served in senior management positions for numerous political and advocacy campaigns. From 2015-2017, he served as a member of the Public Safety Commission in the City of West Hollywood, where he's also lived for the past six years. In addition, he worked on the communications and research team for the American Foundation for Equal Rights (AFER), the sole sponsor of the federal constitutional challenge to California's Proposition 8. He currently serves as a Delegate to the California Democratic Party. A native of San Diego, Estevan graduated with a B.A. in Theater from UCLA.
To purchase tickets to for this year's LA Pride Festival, LGBT Night at Universal Studios, or LGBT Night at the LA Dodgers or to register to walk in the annual LA Pride Parade, please visit lapride.org. To stay up-to-date on all things LA Pride, follow @lapride or #JUSTBE on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and YouTube.
About Christopher Street West (CSW) & LA Pride
Christopher Street West (CSW), a 501(c)3 non-profit, organized the world's first permitted parade advocating for gay rights on June 28, 1970, as a response to and in commemoration of the Stonewall Rebellion on Christopher Street in New York City the year prior. Since then, we have built a rich history as an active voice for the LGBTQ+ community across the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. Today, we continue to produce the globally-recognized LA Pride Parade and Festival every June in the City of West Hollywood. We also organize a number of events throughout the year with our non-profit, philanthropic, community, and corporate partners. Visit lapride.org for more information.
Elsa Remak
CK&D Public Relations
Brian Rosman
CSW Board Member
All requests for media credentials for the LA Pride Festival and the LA Pride Parade must be sent to [email protected] no later than Monday, June 4, 2018. Please note that we receive a large number of requests each year. Unfortunately, we cannot fulfill all requests – even though we'd love to be able to!
Tags: Chris Classen, Christopher Street West, CSW, CSW Board, CSW Board of Directors, CSW Board President, Estevan Montemayor, LA Pride, Madonna Cacciatore
https://lapride.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/LA-Pride-HORZ-WHITE-RGB.png 0 0 CSW Communications Team https://lapride.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/LA-Pride-HORZ-WHITE-RGB.png CSW Communications Team2018-05-10 08:30:162018-05-09 20:23:55Estevan Montemayor Elected President of the CSW Board of Directors
Madonna Cacciatore
Named CSW Executive Director LA Pride Unveils Limited-Edition Merchandise Collection


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Home » Travel Guides » Malta » 25 Best Things to Do in Malta
25 Best Things to Do in Malta
Malta has an almost mythical quality to it that comes from its eerie underwater caves, stunning temples, and medieval architecture. The streets here wind around towns and villages taking you past churches, markets, and museums, and some of the oldest buildings in the world can be found on this pretty isle. The country is actually an archipelago that sits in the Mediterranean Sea and is close to both neighboring Sicily and Africa.
There are three main islands here in the form of Malta proper, Gozo and Comino, and whichever one you choose to visit you can expect to be surrounded by azure seas and clear blue skies. Whatever you are looking for, one of the islands is sure to deliver and you can pick from museums, fishing trips, and diving opportunities, or just relax and enjoy the cafes and eateries that usually serve fresh seafood plucked straight from the ocean.
Here are the best things to do in Malta:
1. Visit the old capital of Mdina
Source: Damian Pankowiec / Shutterstock.com
Old Capital Of Mdina
Mdina is the ancient capital of Malta and sits of a scenic hill in the center of the island.
It is famous for being encircled by dominating fortifications and as such it is not to be missed if you are something of a history buff.
There are a huge range of activities to enjoy here such as strolling around the picturesque streets as well as ducking into the many museums.
The town is also known for its cute cafes and eateries that are perfect for whiling away the hours.
Suggested tour: Mdina City Walking Tour
2. Take in the views from Upper Barrakka Gardens
Upper Barrakka Gardens sits close to Valletta and is the place to come if you want to take in some of the best views across Malta.
From the vantage point of the pretty gardens you will get to look out across the famous 'Three Cities' of Malta and can see as far as the Grand Harbor.
Once you have finished taking in the scenery and enjoyed a stroll around the garden you can then walk down into the center of the capital city of Valletta.
3. Dive beneath the seas at the HMS Maori
HMS Maori
Malta enjoys a warm climate and is also blessed with azure seas which mean that it is perfect if you like swimming, snorkeling, or diving.
There are a range of artificial reefs here as well as a number of military wrecks which date from the Second World War.
One of the most famous is called the HMS Maori which is a destroyer that was sunk by the Germans and now rests on the sea floor at a depth of 14 meters.
This is a good spot for beginners due to its easy access and relatively shallow depth and there are a number of diving schools across the country if you want to get certified.
4. Delve into the Lascaris War Rooms
Lascaris War Rooms
If you are a history buff, particularly of militant history, then make sure not to miss a trip to the Lascaris War Rooms which are located 45 meters below ground.
The rooms are actually tunnels underneath the Upper Barracca Gardens and were used in World War Two.
They consist of chambers that would have been used as strategic headquarters and it was here that all the main defensive plans to keep Malta safe would have been drawn up.
Included in:
5. Tour Casa Rocca Piccola
Casa Rocca Piccola
Built in the 1680s, Casa Rocca Piccola is a beautiful home that would have been used in former times by aristocrats from Malta.
Nowadays it has been turned into a museum and you can take a tour and check out all the gorgeous architectural features as well as the extensive historical collection.
This includes costumes from the 18th and 19th century as well as art work, antiques, and silver pieces.
There are also photographs and documents related to the families who would have made the mansion their home which give you an intimate glimpse into aristocratic life in this country.
6. Explore Fort St. Elmo
Fort St. Elmo
Malta's history is riddled with stories of the Knights of St. John who were akin to something like a military group who fought in the days of the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
Fort St. Elmo is built in a star formation and looks out over Valletta's harbor in order to protect it.
This was the focal point of the Siege of Malta which happened in 1565 and was a bloody period in history when some 1,500 knights lost their lives.
Guided tours will take you all around the fort and fill you in on the fascinating history of the fortification.
7. Go cave diving in Comino
Comino is the best spot in Malta if you like reef and cave diving.
Comino is actually an uninhabited island that sits off the coast of Malta between the mainland and Gozo and you will find a series of underwater caves that shimmer with a dark blue luminescence.
It's also a great choice if you want to see a wide range of aquatic life such as octopus and barracuda.
Recommended tour: Comino: Blue Lagoon, Crystal Lagoon, and Seacaves Tour
8. Marvel at Mosta Dome
Mosta Dome
Malta doesn't hide away from lavish architecture and this includes the Mosta Dome.
The church is dedicated to St. Mary and is furnished in the neo-classical style.
The dome is the main feature here and measures 121 feet and 220 feet high, making it bigger than the uber-famous St. Paul's Cathedral in London.
Much of the inside of the church is decorated in gilt and the floors are paved with marble.
It is meant to be modeled on the Pantheon in Rome and you will also find a pipe organ here with an impressive 2,000 pipes.
See it a night: Valletta, Mdina, and Mosta Night Tour
9. Go on a day trip to Gozo
The island of Gozo is often referred to as the 'sister' of Malta but it only takes 20 minutes to travel here by ferry.
The main reasons to make the trip include enjoying the cultural activities as well as rugged coastlines and secluded sandy beaches.
Make sure not to miss the Citadella in Victoria which is made up of a fortified city that is designed in the Byzantine and Roman styles and is something of an architectural wonder.
10. Go horse riding at Golden Bay
Source: Darkydoors / Shutterstock.com
Golden Bay is made up of a soft sandy beach that backs on to towering cliffs in the north of Malta.
One of the best ways to take in the stunning scenery in this part of the country is on horseback and you can choose from a range of options including day trips.
If you prefer you can join a sunset horseback ride which is the perfect way to end the day as you watch the sun slip below the horizon.
11. Admire St John's Co-Cathedral
St John's Co-Cathedral
Blessed with a Baroque façade, St. John's Cathedral is said to be one of the prettiest churches in all of Europe, which is high praise indeed.
The church was built by the Knights of St. John and construction finally finished in 1577. One of the signature features here is the marble tombstone floor which has 400 monuments that are meant to honor the knights.
Just some of the decorations on the tombs include angles, skulls, and even coats of arms dedicated to each knight.
Also make sure to look out for the decorative frescoes which tell the stories of key scenes from the Bible.
Related tour: Guided Walking Tour with St. John's Co-Cathedral
12. Dance the night away at the Isle of MTV
Isle Of MTV
If you are looking for a party in Malta then make the trip to the Isle of MTV music festival which is held in July every year.
It usually welcomes music stars from all over the world and past acts have included the Black Eyed Peas, Lady Gaga, and Akon.
The entire festival takes place out of doors and the venues sees some 50,000 guests so you know that this is going to be a party to remember.
13. Visit Palazzo Parisio and Gardens
Palazzo Parisio
Palazzo Parisio and Gardens was designed in 1733 and is still occupied by the current Maltese owners.
The public can tour some of the building and the grounds however and the gardens here are a sight to be seen.
They are designed in the Italianate style and have bubbling fountains and pristine box hedges.
If you come in the summer months you will find a beautiful orangery here bursting with ripe fruit.
14. Explore the Ggantija Temples
Ggantija Temples
The Ggantija Temples translate to 'Gigantic' and sit on the idyllic island of Gozo.
Amazingly these structures actually pre-date the Pyramids of Egypt and there are two temples here encircled by an outer fortification wall.
Their huge size is the main draw here and it is even more difficult to imagine how they were built when you consider that they were constructed before the invention of the wheel.
In ancient times the temples would have been used for sacrifices and as a place to make offerings.
Included in: Gozo Full-Day Jeep Tour with Lunch and Powerboat Ride
15. Explore the Great Siege of Malta and the Knights of St. John
Source: Anibal Trejo / Shutterstock.com
Great Siege Of Malta and The Knights Of St. John
The Great Siege of Malta & the Knights of St. John is an interactive exhibition that features sound and light effects to tell the story of the Great Siege of Malta in 1565. The siege saw the Knights of St. John battling the Turks and the exhibition takes you back in time to the 12th century when the knights were formed and helped pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land.
A number of dioramas are used to tell the story and visitors can look at the history of the siege through the eyes of Francesco Balbi who was a Spanish poet who witnessed this bloody battle.
16. Visit Marsaxlokk
Marsaxlokk is a quaint fishing village which is located in the south of Malta.
The main reasons to come here include the throbbing market that takes place here every day as well as the harbor which has pretty bobbing fishing boats.
These are an attraction in their own right in Malta and are known as luzzus and come in a range of different hues and styles.
Make sure to check out the prows which are painted with glaring eyes which are said to help to guard against evil spirits.
As you would expect from a fishing village, there is an abundance of seafood here so make sure to stop off for lunch or dinner.
17. National Museum of Archeology
Source: Yevgen Belich / Shutterstock.com
National Museum Of Archeology
Malta has some fascinating archaeology and you can learn all about it at the National Museum of Archeology.
Here you will find displays that document historical artifacts from all over the country including Bronze Age weapons and a Phoenician sarcophagus.
There are a variety of pretty statues as well as altar stones and jewelry and the building the collection is presented in is also a work of art in itself.
The Auberge de Province used to belong to the Knights of St.
John and you should make sure to look up and take in the beautiful ceiling that curves over the Grand Salon.
18. Explore Valletta Harbor
Valletta Harbor
Valletta Waterfront is also known as Pinto Wharf and has been lovingly preserved over the years.
In ancient times it would have been made up of maritime treasures such as warehouses but now it has been transformed into a tourist complex.
This means that you will now find restaurants, cafes, and shopping outlets, and you can also go for a breezy walk along the promenade and take in the vistas across the water.
If you are here at night then you can also visit the many nightclubs that dot the area.
19. Visit Auberge de Castille
Source: Caron Badkin / Shutterstock.com
Auberge De Castille
The Auberge de Castille dates from the 16th century and sits overlooking the city of Valletta.
It would have been the home of the Knights of St.
John, but in the present day it is now the office of the Prime Minister of Malta and is worth a visit to take in the picturesque facade.
If you happen to be here in the evening then the building is fully illuminated making it one of the prettiest sights in the city.
20. Visit Ta'Quali Craft Village
Ta'Quali Craft Village
Located on an old airfield from the Second World War, Ta'Quali is the place to come if you are looking for traditional Maltese handicrafts.
Some of the items on sale include pretty glass that is still blown by hand as well as leather, linen, and ceramics.
All the pieces are made by locals and you can watch many of the craftsmen and women at work when you visit to learn how the pieces are made.
21. Enjoy the Tarxien Temples
Source: EQRoy / Shutterstock.com
Tarxien Temples
The Tarxien Temples have the claim to fame of being the largest temple complex in Malta and are also part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Situated to the south of Valletta, there are four different temples here that date from 3,300-2,400 BC. The temples are dedicated to the goddess of fertility and you will find a wealth of treasures here including carved images of animals and a range of ornate altars.
Included in: Private Half-Day Archeological Sites Tour
22. Explore Ghar Dalam Cave and Museum
Ghar Dalam Cave
Known for being the oldest of all the prehistoric sites in Malta, Ghar Dalam Cave and Museum is also strangely one of the least visited.
The cave is made up of a huge underground tunnel which contains the fossils of a range of extinct animals.
Many of these date from the Ice Age and include giant mice, hippos, deer and dwarf elephants.
Other items such as ancient cooking vessels were also found here and it is thought to be the first settlement in all of Malta.
Signs of human life here stretch back 7,400 years but even more amazingly people still lived in the cave until 1911.
23. Check out the Three Cities
Across the Grand Harbor from Valletta are the so-called 'Three Cities' of Senglea, Cospicua and Vittoriosa.
In ancient times they would have made up one long wall of defense in Malta encircled by a fortification and construction would have started in the 16th century.
Senglea and Cospicua are known for their scenic waterfront promenades and pretty marinas, but it is Vittoriosa that is the most impressive of the Three Cities.
Some highlights here are the Church of St. Lawrence and the Malta at War Museum, as well as Fort St. Angelo which played a major role in the Great Siege of Malta in 1565.
Related tour: Valletta and 3 Cities Private 4-Hour Shore Excursion
24. Take in a show at Manoel Theatre and Museum
Source: maltacultureguide
Manoel Theatre And Museum
This theater has been in operation since 1732 and constructed under the Grand Master of the Knights of St. John.
The interior is the main attraction here and you will find gilt decorations all over the structure including in the main auditorium which is covered in blue and gold.
There are only 623 seats here which give the theater an intimate feel and you should also look out for the white marble staircase and a courtyard bar.
The theater is a showcase for all the arts in Malta such as music concerts, opera shows, and ballet recitals, or you can even see a rock or folk concert here.
Make sure to check out the local listings to see what's on when you are in town.
25. Wander around San Anton Gardens
San Anton Gardens
Malta doesn't have a huge range of public parks, but one wonderful green space in the country is San Anton Gardens.
Amazingly, this is also the residence of the President of Malta, but it was given to the public in 1882 which means that anyone can visit the grounds.
Here you will find scenic gardens and aromatic citrus orchards as well as fountains and sculptures.
Many of the trees that dot the grounds are over 300 years old and provide a shady environment if you want to explore this quiet little corner of the country.
There is also an aviary here and a petting zoo for younger visitors.
Get the tour: Malta's Noble Homes and Palaces Private Tour
Where to stay: Best Hotels in Malta
Categories Malta
25 Best Things to Do in Malta:
Visit the old capital of Mdina
Take in the views from Upper Barrakka Gardens
Dive beneath the seas at the HMS Maori
Delve into the Lascaris War Rooms
Tour Casa Rocca Piccola
Explore Fort St. Elmo
Go cave diving in Comino
Marvel at Mosta Dome
Go on a day trip to Gozo
Go horse riding at Golden Bay
Admire St John's Co-Cathedral
Dance the night away at the Isle of MTV
Visit Palazzo Parisio and Gardens
Explore the Ggantija Temples
Explore the Great Siege of Malta and the Knights of St. John
Visit Marsaxlokk
Explore Valletta Harbor
Visit Auberge de Castille
Visit Ta'Quali Craft Village
Enjoy the Tarxien Temples
Explore Ghar Dalam Cave and Museum
Check out the Three Cities
Take in a show at Manoel Theatre and Museum
Wander around San Anton Gardens


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Franklin Andrés Nazareno Macías (born 24 April 1987) is an Ecuadorian sprinter who specializes in the 200 metres. He was born in Portoviejo, Manabí. His personal best time is 20.47 seconds, achieved in June 2007 in Cochabamba. In the 100 metres he has 10.22 seconds, achieved in March 2007 in Cuenca and repeated this same brand in other different cities (La Paz) in the 2008 for becoming the best sprinter in the history of Ecuador and the athlete more often repeated the brand to enter the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

He finished sixth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. He also competed at the 2007 World Championships and the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final. In Beijing he placed 5th in his 100 metres heat in a time of 10.60 seconds, while he placed 8th in his 200 metres heat, running the distance in 21.26 seconds.

Personal bests
100 m: 10.22 s A (wind: +1.1 m/s) –  Cuenca, 10 March 2007
200 m: 20.47 s A (wind: +0.0 m/s) –  Cochabamba, 3 June 2007
400 m: 47.52 s A –  Quito, 7 September 2006

Competition record

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Ecuadorian male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2011 Pan American Games
Olympic athletes of Ecuador
People from Portoviejo
Athletes (track and field) at the 2007 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Ecuador
World Athletics Championships athletes for Ecuador
South American Games gold medalists for Ecuador
South American Games silver medalists for Ecuador
South American Games medalists in athletics
Competitors at the 2006 South American Games
Competitors at the 2014 South American Games
Competitors at the 2007 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 2009 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 2011 Summer Universiade
21st-century Ecuadorian people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Wizards of the Great White Way
Joan Furey
MEYERS '75
Portrait by Christopher Domurat
Joan Furey's service in the combat zone exposed her to a staggering barrage of brutality and death, forcing her to "perform at a level that far exceeded anything you were prepared for," she says, while also teaching her the necessity of "shutting down" emotionally in order to do her job. But when Furey, a first lieutenant with the US Army Nurse Corps, returned home in 1970 from her tour of duty in Vietnam, the letters PTSD did not mean anything to anyone, though symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder have been evident in returning soldiers for as long as there have been wars.
After earning her master's degree in nursing, Furey was hired by the Department of Veteran Affairs, where she helped pioneer a PTSD treatment program to aid traumatized veterans who were often demeaned as "antisocial, drunks, drug abusers, everything negative you can think of," she says. "It seemed like no one gave any thought to why they might be behaving this way."
The program helped many of these (mostly) young men, just as she had helped so many in a different capacity overseas—and then there was another person whose pain she diagnosed. "When I started doing this, and the more people talked about PTSD, I said to myself, Joan, you might have this, to some degree." The nurses with whom she had served, and other female vets, had no one to support them in discussing and processing the horrors they had seen and the stresses they had endured. Early attempts to comfort meant placing these women, says Furey, "in the wives group—you're putting a woman who had been in Vietnam as a nurse with the wives of Vietnam veterans"—well-meaning, perhaps, but a ticket to greater isolation.
Furey was able to get help for her own "unsealed" experiences, in her word; she became founding director of the VA's Center for Women Veterans and started a treatment program for women in Palo Alto. Furey believes all of this repair work might not have happened without her time at NYU, which enabled her to think "differently, critically, expanding my worldview." Says Furey: "We had to take on the establishment to allow us to do things that hadn't been done before. We had to be able to articulate to them why this was so important."
—Andrew Postman
In San Francisco while based at her first duty station, just before deploying to Vietnam.
Furey with directors Lynn Novick and Ken Burns at the premiere of "The Vietnam War;" she was the only female vet featured in the documentary.
Photos courtesy of Joan Furey; Christopher Domurat (medals)
Furey in 1970 after being awarded the Bronze Star for Meritorious Service.
Furey's medals, awarded for her service in Vietnam.
Cheryline Pezzullo
DEN '15
Lorel Burns
Portrait by Andre D. Wagner
If they can do this, I can do this.
It's a thought that encouraged Cheryline Pezzullo (part Dominican, part Italian) when she saw fellow minority students thriving in dental school.
So after her classmate Lorel Burns attended an American Dental Association (ADA) leadership conference and returned to campus excited to create a pipeline program at NYU for minority and low-income high school students from the five boroughs, she enlisted Pezzullo's help. (According to the ADA, in 2015 only 5.2 percent in dentistry were Hispanic, 3.8 percent black.) To address this imbalance, the second-year students cocreated Saturday Academy.
Seven Saturdays each fall, NYU College of Dentistry students meet with high schoolers, with each session split between teaching the kids what it means to be a dentist (the favorite part is the hands-on work with mannequins—taking impressions, making mouthguards, filling cavities, cleaning teeth), then guiding them on the college application process—filling out the Common App, dealing with standardized tests, learning to interview, applying for financial aid, and more. Burns (above right) and Pezzullo (above left) ran the program when they were students, and they now serve as advisers. They're also both professors at their alma mater; Burns teaches endodontics (procedures involving the tooth's roots) while Pezzullo teaches cariology (the study of tooth decay).
Saturday Academy just completed its fifth year, seeing 82 students through. Its inaugural cohort will be applying to dental school this year and next, with
71 percent projected to be the first in their family to attend college.
"People have a certain idea of what dentistry is, that it's just filling cavities," Pezzullo says. "It's so much more. You can work with children if you want. You can be a surgeon. You can make dentures. You can make smiles [go] from nothing to something. You can change someone's life. You can do research. You can do academics. We show them how they can diversify their DDS."
And, one hopes, the ranks of American dentistry.
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Next: Wizards of the Great White Way »


The package says Do not operate at temperature 60 degrees or above. Is that correct?
How can I tell how much power is left on my Pac2Go Mobile Power Charger?
How can I tell if the Pac2Go Mobile Power Charger is charging my device?
How soon can I use my device once I plug in the Pac2Go Mobile Power Charger?
Once fully charged, how long does the Pac2Go Mobile Charger hold the charge if not used?
How many times can I recharge the Pac2Go Mobile Power Charger?
Will this charger get hot when it is charging devices?
How can I tell when the device is partially or fully charged while charging?
Can I use the device if it only partially charged?
The package says "Do not operate at temperature 60 degrees or above". Is that correct?
It is actually 60 degrees Celsius which is the equivalent of 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Even I don't operate at 140 degrees Fahrenheit.
There are 4 blue LED lights just below the Pac2Go label. When even one light is lit the device is charging.
device will charge faster if the device is idle but you should be able to use your device and charge at the same time though it will take longer to charge.
Generally, most of our external batteries' static power consumption is lower than 20uA, which will take between 3.5 and 20 years to drain the battery completely if they are not used. However, the chemicals within the li-ion battery will gradually become less active over prolonged periods without use. Most will be 60% power after 2 years without use.
We do recommend that you charge and recharge it at least once a month to extend your battery's life.
The Pac2Go Mobile Power Charger can be recharged greater than 500 times.
I've carried it in my front pocket in Thailand while it was charging my phone and didn't notice any significant heat. That said, if the unit is set in an tightly enclosed space it might warm up but it is still safe.
Generally around 2-3 hours depending on the charger you are connected to.


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Weed May Affect Men and Women Differently
Thanks to all the restrictions, research is still half-baked.
by Lea Surugue
April 6, 2018, 12:00pm
KKGAS/Stocksy
If there's an area where men outperform women, it's in how much cannabis they consume. The available data suggests that three-quarters of weed smokers are men and—though marijuana addiction is fairly rare—they are much more likely to develop dependence than women.
For years, health professionals have grappled with this reality, leaving the question of how women respond to the drug and how they might differ from men in that aspect. This matters because the culture of weed is slowly beginning to change. More flexible cannabis policies around the globe that have happened in the last two decades have led to a greater acceptance of the drug, both for medical and recreational purposes. In the US, the number of people who use cannabis is therefore rising steadily and women appear to make up a large part of these new consumers. The gap between women's use of weed and men's is shrinking, especially when looking medical cannabis.
These changes comes at a time when, across all realms of science, researchers are starting to realize that a range of drugs may work differently in males and in females, and to investigate the mechanisms involved. Medical cannabis may just be one of those therapeutics that triggers a different response according to sex. Given the growing number of women using it, scientists believe it's time we start paying attention.
"It's important that we investigate how the effects of cannabis differ for males and females because a growing number of people are using it for therapeutic purposes," says researcher Chandni Hindocha, who studies cannabinoids (chemical compounds in cannabis like THC and CBD) at University College London. "Preclinical data suggests that women may experience more adverse effects than men. We need to clarify this to allow women to balance out the pros and cons of taking medical cannabis—as they would do with any other medicine."
Most of the quality research in humans regarding the therapeutic effects of cannabis have focused on pain relief, and to date this is the area where the evidence is the strongest. Other indications are beginning to emerge, ranging from chemotherapy-induced nausea, to anxiety, PTSD or PMS. However, very few of these studies have investigated sex differences.
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While going through the scientific literature on the subject, Ziva Cooper, an associate professor of clinical neurobiology at Columbia University, decided it was time to do something about this. "When it comes to cannabis and cannabinoids, there has been a lot of evidence from animal studies showing that there are profound differences between males and females, especially in the area of pain relief. These findings piqued my interest in studying this in humans," she explains.
Focusing on pain relief, she tested how differences in pain sensitivity and tolerance differ among male and female cannabis smokers. In a 2016 placebo-controlled study, Cooper and a colleague had participants who were already regular weed smokers immerse their hand in cold water to report how much pain they felt, and to see how long they could tolerate it, after smoking a cannabis cigarette. Men appeared to experience greater pain relief than women.
Animal studies can partly guide us to understand these findings. Experiments have indicated that females rats are more sensitive to the pain relieving effects of THC, the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis. However, when given this compound everyday, they also develop tolerance much faster than males. This means that on the long run, they may need higher doses of THC to get the same pain-relieving effect.
"We have looked at the effects of cannabis in heavy recreational cannabis users. It's possible that the women were not getting pain relief because they developed tolerance to this effect, requiring a higher strength or dose," Cooper points out. "We need to study both higher strengths in women as well as measure the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in patient population who are lighter users, to determine how cannabis and cannabinoids can help ease pain."
In a review published a few months back in Nature Neuropsychopharmacology, the researcher put these conclusions in perspective with other findings on the subject. Beyond the sex-differentiated effects in the management of pain, the research gleaned that females might also experience stronger adverse effects than males when using medical marijuana.
While the data is clear that men are more likely to be cannabis users, this is at odds with the results of studies conducted in both animals and humans. Females indeed appear to be more sensitive to cannabinoids and to escalate more rapidly from trying cannabis to the point of addiction. When they stop taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms also appear to be stronger—and they're more likely to experience anxiety and nausea.
What remains unclear is what biological mechanisms are driving all these differences in the first place. "What is mediating these differences? Is it because there are differences in the brain's cannabinoid receptors?" Cooper wonders. "Is it because the drug is metabolized differently? Or perhaps differences are driven by hormones."
Although it's too early to say, her review makes a compelling case that the metabolic breakdown of cannabis in the body may differ between males and females. This may have an impact at the molecular level, regulating long term sex differences, in particular the increased tolerance seen in females relative to males.
This Is Why Weed Makes Some People Anxious
Suzannah Weiss
Men and women also seem to have different preferences when it comes to the way they consume cannabis too, with women more likely to turn to edibles. Exploring how the route of administration may change the effects of the drug will then also prove crucial in the future. Studies will also have to move on from looking at the effects on pain to studying other conditions, as the evidence suggests women are more likely to take medical cannabis to help treat mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.
Answering all these questions will be difficult, in particular because cannabis research receives little funding and is still strictly regulated, so designing rigorous studies is no easy feat. A lot of variables have to been controlled, from the doses given to participants to the method of consumption, the type of pain patients may be feeling, or other relevant social factors.
"If you compare male and female pain patients or cannabis-dependent users, any sex differences you find may be confounded by environmental factors such as social influences on medical or recreational drug use," says Tom Freeman, senior academic fellow at King's College London. These challenges explain why so little medical cannabis research is still taking place despite the recent policy shifts, and more specifically, why investigating women's responses has only just started to be seen as a priority.
For researchers in the field, the situation cannot change soon enough. "Things have to move. We need to do quality research and to include female's response from the get-go. Otherwise, we will always conclude that there is limited evidence for the medical use of cannabis," Hindocha says. "How can we use cannabis more safely, who's likely to benefit and who is not? Seeing the growing number of medical cannabis users, including women, these are pressing questions we cannot ignore anymore."
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Ukraine vs France Prediction and Betting Tips
Home Match Previews Ukraine vs France Prediction and Betting Tips
Tolu Shotade, 2nd September 2021 2nd September 2021 , Match Preview, 0
Ukraine vs France
World Cup, KO: 19:45 Sep 4, 2021, NSK Olimpiyskiy
Seeking to maintain their unbeaten run in the 2022 World Cup qualifiers, France travel to the NSK Olimpiyskiy for a Group D clash with Ukraine. The French have failed to impress so far and could be in for a tricky tie against a dangerous Ukraine team.
Ukraine were held to a 2-2 draw in Kazakhstan in their previous qualifying fixture. They took the lead twice but were pegged back both times.
Oleksandr Petrakov's men are still winless in the qualifiers, although they have drawn all four of their matches. They are expected to finish second in the group behind France but will need to start turning draws into wins in order to fend off the chasing pack.
The problem for Ukraine is a shaky defence which means they are often unable to hold on to leads as evidenced by the clash against Kazakhstan. They are without a clean sheet in the qualifiers and have conceded in their last six matches across all competitions.
France are also coming off a draw as they were held 1-1 by Bosnia & Herzegovina in their previous fixture. The World champions had Antoine Griezmann to thank for a first half equaliser as they had to play much of the second period with 10 men.
Les Bleus appeared to still be battling the ghosts of their Euro 2020 performance as they struggled to find their rhythm for much of the contest. While manager Didier Deschamps is likely to consider the red card to Jules Kounde a factor, the result means the French have now drawn their last four matches in all competitions.
France appear to have lost their defensive solidity from the early stages of Deschamps's tenure. They are without a clean sheet in their last four matches across all competitions, conceding seven goals in that run.
France head into Saturday's match as favourites among the bookies with a win priced at 13/20 by Unibet. A victory for Ukraine is valued at 5/1 with bet365 while betfair is offering odds of 3/1 for a draw.
France have a 6-1 advantage with four draws from 11 previous matches against Ukraine. Both teams battled to a 1-1 draw in the reverse fixture back in March.
Roman Yaremchuk appears to have carried on from his performances at the Euros following his goal against Kazakhstan. France look shaky at the back and the striker can ensure Ukraine continue their run of scoring in every qualifying fixture at 77/100 with Vbet.
The French have plenty of quality in attack with Kylian Mbappe, Karim Benzema and Antoine Griezmann, who was on target last time out. They have scored in all four of their qualifying matches and are likely to once again find the net at 2/11 with Vbet.
Ukraine and France have found the net in their last two meetings and both teams could once again be tipped to score at 20/21 with BetVictor. The French have seen over 3.5 goals in two of their last three matches and a repeat is priced at 11/4 with Betfred while over 2.5 goals is valued at 21/20 with BetVictor.
With a closely fought encounter expected on Saturday, a halftime draw could also be considered at 63/50 with Sporting Index.
This World Cup match between Ukraine and France will be played on Sep 4, 2021 and kick off at 19:45. Check below for our tipsters best Ukraine vs France prediction. You may also visit our dedicated betting previews section for the most up to date previews.
Ukraine Form
1 Sep 21
France Form
Ukraine vs France Betting Tips & Predictions
Halftime Draw