(57)【要約】 システムがディジタル/アナログ・コンバータ回路と校正回路とを含む。 (57) Abstract: system and a calibration circuit and digital / analog converter circuit. ディジタル/アナログ・コンバータ回路は、音量調整を行う利得制御回路を含む。 Digital / analog converter circuit includes a gain control circuit for volume control. システムは、校正モードと通常の動作モードとを含む。 The system includes a calibration mode and the normal mode of operation. 校正の間、利得制御回路と関連する補正値は校正回路により測定されて記憶される。 During the calibration, the correction values associated with the gain control circuit is stored is determined by the calibration circuit. 通常動作の間、中間スケール・コードの予め定めた入力に対して、利得制御回路の音量設定における変化にも拘わらず所要のシステム出力は一定のままであるように、記憶された補正値がDAC回路に対する提供前に入力と組合わされる。 During normal operation, with respect to a predetermined input of midscale code, as required system output despite changes in the volume setting of the gain control circuit remains constant, the stored correction value DAC It is combined with the input before providing for the circuit.
【発明の詳細な説明】 利得制御回路を校正する方法および装置発明の分野本発明は、利得制御回路に関し、特に利得制御回路と関連するオフセット電圧に対して補正する校正回路(caliburation circuitry) に関する。 Field of the Invention The method and apparatus invention for calibrating the Detailed Description of the Invention gain control circuit relates to a gain control circuit, and a calibration circuit for correcting (caliburation circuitry) against the offset voltage specifically associated with the gain control circuit. 発明の背景オーディオ・エレクトロニックス(audio electronics)) の分野においては、コンパクト・ディスク・プレーヤなどの如きオーディオ・コンポーネントにおけるユーザ制御された音量特徴を提供することがしばしば望ましい。 In the field of background audio electronics of the invention (audio electronics)), it is often desirable to provide a user controlled volume feature in such an audio component, such as a compact disc player. 従って、このようなコンポーネントに対しては、このような音量制御を提供するための利得または減衰制御回路を含めることが一般的である。 Thus, for such components, the inclusion of the gain or attenuation control circuitry for providing such volume control is common. ディジタル信号処理技術における最近の進歩により、今日見出される大部分のオーディオ・コンポーネントもまた、これら電気回路の多くが関連するDCオフセット・エラー電圧を有する如く、ディジタル/アナログ・コンバータ(以下本文では、「DAC」)およびアナログ/ディジタル・コンバータ(以下本文では、「ADC」)の如き信号変換要素を備えるディジタル回路をも含む。 Recent advances in digital signal processing technology, audio components of most found today also as having a DC offset error voltage that many relevant of these electric circuits in the digital / analog converter (hereinafter Text, " the DAC ") and an analog / digital converter (hereinafter body also includes a digital circuit comprising a such signal conversion element of" ADC "). これらのオフセット・エラー電圧は、出力信号に望ましくない影響を生じ得る。 These offset error voltages can cause undesirable effects in the output signal. このため、多くのシステムは、オフセット・エラー電圧の望ましくない影響を最小化する上で使用される校正回路を含んでいる。 Therefore, many systems include calibration circuitry for use in minimizing undesirable effects of the offset error voltage. 特に、DACおよびADCは、一般に、 著しいオフセット・エラー電圧が有効に無効化されて所要の出力信号が既知の入力信号から結果として生じるように校正される。 In particular, DAC and ADC are generally significant offset error voltage is required output signal is effectively disabled is calibrated to results from a known input signal. このような校正方式の一例は、 Sooch等の米国特許第5,087,914号に教示されている。 An example of such a calibration scheme is taught in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,914, such Sooch. Sooch の米国特許第5,087,914号においては、DACのオフセット・エラー電圧に対するディジタル補正値が、校正ルーチンの間に決定され、正常な動作中にDACに対する各ディジタル入力から差引かれる。 In U.S. Patent No. 5,087,914 of Sooch, digital correction value for the offset error voltage of the DAC, are determined during the calibration routine is subtracted from each digital input to the DAC during normal operation. このため、例えば、中間スケール・コードの予め定めた入力に対しては、例えばゼロ・ボルトの既知の出力信号が結果として生じる。 Thus, for example, for a predetermined input of midscale code, for example, a known output signal of zero volts results. 他の類似の校正方式は、この同じ結果を達成する。 Calibration schemes other similar achieves this same result. あるディジタル・オーディオ用途においては、このような校正方式がオフセット電圧の悪影響を最小化する上で有効である。 In certain digital audio applications, it is effective in such a calibration method to minimize the adverse effects of the offset voltage. しかし、これらの校正方式が望ましくない結果を生じるディジタル・オーディオ用途も存在する。 However, there are also digital audio applications produce results of these calibration methods undesirable. 特に、減衰設定の如何に拘わらず、一定の平均DC出力電圧が既知の入力信号に対して要求される用途においては、このような校正方式はうまくいかない。 In particular, irrespective of the attenuation setting, in applications where a constant average DC output voltage is required for the known input signal, such calibration method does not work. このような用途の一例は、ディジタル変換回路(即ち、DAC)、ならびに(利得および減衰の制御を行う)利得制御回路を含むオーディオ・コンポーネントを含み、DACの出力は増幅器および(または)スピーカ・システムの如き外部の以降の構成要素に対してユーザによりAC接続される。 An example of such an application, the digital conversion circuit (i.e., DAC), as well as (for controlling the gain and attenuation) comprises an audio component including a gain control circuit, the output of the DAC amplifier and (or) a speaker system is AC connected by the user for such external subsequent components. このような回路構成では、中間スケール・コードの既知の入力に対しては、一定の平均DC出力信号(如何なる値でも)が利得制御回路により生じる減衰レベルの如何に拘わらず要求される。 In such circuit configuration, for known input midscale code, a constant average DC output signal (any value) is required irrespective of the level of attenuation caused by the gain control circuit. これは、減衰レベルにおける離散的変化(即ち、ディジタル音量制御の調整)から生じる出力信号の平均DC値がスピーカ・システムにAC接続されユーザに「カチャ(cl ick)」とか「ポン(pop)」とかに聞こえる故にそうなる。 This discrete change in attenuation level (i.e., digital volume control adjustment) average DC value of the output signal generated from the AC-connected to the speaker system is "Kacha (cl ick)" to the user or "Pon (pop)" so it will therefore be heard in Toka. 先に述べた従来技術の校正方式はこんな望ましくない結果を生じる。 Conventional previously described calibration method technique produces results not these undesirable. 発明の概要従来技術方式の先に述べた欠点は、既知の入力信号に対して信号のDC出力レベルが利得制御回路により生じる減衰レベルにおけるどんな変化にも拘わらず、 実質的に一定のままであるように校正される本発明の方法および装置によって克服される。 Summary drawbacks previously mentioned prior art method of invention, the signal of the DC output level despite any change in the level of attenuation caused by the gain control circuit for a known input signal, remains substantially constant They are overcome by the method and apparatus of the present invention to be calibrated as. 特に、本発明によれば、システムは、入力端子と出力端子とを有する利得制御回路を含む。 In particular, according to the present invention, the system includes a gain control circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal. 利得制御回路は、入力端子において入力信号を受取って出力端子において出力信号を与える。 Gain control circuit provides an output signal at an output terminal receiving an input signal at the input terminal. 利得制御回路に接続された校正回路は、出力信号を受取り、補正値を測定して記憶する。 Calibration circuit connected to the gain control circuit receives the output signal is measured and stored correction value. 入力端子、校正回路および利得制御回路間に接続された加算ブロックは、予め定めた入力信号に対して出力信号が利得制御回路によって与えられる利得または減衰の量における変化の如何に拘わらず、実質的に一定なままであるように、記憶された補正値を入力信号に加算する。 Input terminal, connected to summing block between the calibration circuit and the gain control circuit, regardless of the change in the gain or the amount of attenuation provided by the pre-output signals to predetermined input signal is a gain control circuit, substantially to remain constant to be added to the input signal a stored correction value. 本発明の望ましい実施例によれば、利得制御回路は、利得制御回路により与えられる利得または減衰の量を制御するようにそのフィードバック経路に接続された可変抵抗をもつ演算増幅器を含んでいる。 According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gain control circuit includes an operational amplifier having a variable resistor connected to the feedback path to control the gain or the amount of attenuation provided by the gain control circuit. 加えて、本発明の望ましい実施例によれば、システムは更に、加算ブロックに接続された入力端子と、利得制御回路に接続された入力端子とを有するDACを含んでいる。 Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes a DAC having an input terminal connected to the summing block, and an input terminal connected to the gain control circuit. 本発明の他の利点、新規な特徴および目的については、添付図面に関して本発明の以降の詳細な記述を考察すれば明らかになるであろう。 Another advantage of the present invention, the novel features and objects will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. 図面の簡単な説明図1は、本発明によるシステムの全体ブロック図、 図2は、本発明の第1の実施例によるシステムの更に詳細なブロック図、および 図3は、本発明の別の実施例によるシステムの更に詳細なブロック図である。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1, the entire block diagram of a system according to the invention, FIG 2 is a more detailed block diagram of a system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3, another embodiment of the present invention it is a more detailed block diagram of a system according to the embodiment. 詳細な記述図1において、入力端子10と、加算ブロック(summing block )12と、利得制御回路14と、出力端子16と、校正回路18とを含むシステムが示される。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1, an input terminal 10, a summing block (summing block) 12, a gain control circuit 14, an output terminal 16, a system that includes a calibration circuit 18 is shown. このシステムは、校正モードまたは通常の動作モードのいずれかで動作可能である。 The system is operable in either a calibration mode or normal operation mode. 通常動作の間、入力信号が入力端子10で受取られ、加算ブロック12を介して利得制御回路14へ送られる。 During normal operation, the input signal is received at input terminal 10 is sent via the summing block 12 to gain control circuit 14. 利得制御回路14は、出力端子16に出力信号を与える。 Gain control circuit 14 provides an output signal to the output terminal 16. 校正回路18の出力は、線19に沿って送られ、加算ブロック12により入力信号から差引かれる。 The output of the calibration circuit 18 is fed along line 19, is subtracted from the input signal by summing block 12. 本文において用いられる用語「 加算ブロック(summing block)」とは、少なくとも1対の入力において数学演算を行って出力を生じる回路要素を示す。 The term "addition block (Summing block)" as used in the text a circuit element that produces an output by performing a mathematical operation in at least one pair of inputs. この数学演算は、加算または減算を含む。 This mathematical operation may include addition or subtraction. 入力は、ディジタル・コード、電流、電圧、あるいは電荷の形態であり得る。 Input, digital code, a current may be in the form of a voltage or charge. 利得制御回路14は、ユーザに対して音量制御機能を提供し、本例においてはポテンショメータ22が演算増幅器(OPアンプ)20の出力端子Bと反転入力端子A間のフィードバック経路中に接続された反転利得段として構成されたOP アンプ20を含む。 Gain control circuit 14, inverts provides the volume control function for a user, in this example the potentiometer 22 is connected in a feedback path between the operational amplifier (OP amp) 20 Output terminal B and inverting input terminal A of comprising an OP amplifier 20 configured as a gain stage. ポテンショメータ22は、ノード(結合点:node)E (加算ブロック12の出力)における利得制御回路14に対する信号入力の減衰/利得に影響を及ぼすように調整することができる。 Potentiometer 22, node (point of attachment: node) E can be adjusted to affect the attenuation / gain of the signal input to the gain control circuit 14 in the (output of the summing block 12). 本文で用いられる用語「利得制御回路(gain control circ uit))」は、入力信号に対して利得および(または)減衰を与えるように調整可能な回路を示すものと理解すべきである。 The term "gain control circuit (gain Control circ uit))" as used in the text, the gain and (or the input signal) is to be understood as indicating adjustable circuit to provide the attenuation. このような回路は、手動、電気的あるいは他の方法で制御することができ、可変インピーダンス回路を含むことができる。 Such circuit manually, can be controlled by electrical or other methods, it may include a variable impedance circuit. この回路は、OPアンプを含むことが望ましい。 The circuit preferably includes an OP amplifier. 図1ではOPアンプが反転利得段として構成されて示されるが、利得制御回路が非反転利得段として構成されたOPアンプを含むこともできることが判る。 OP amplifier in FIG. 1 is shown configured as an inverting gain stage, but it can be seen that the gain control circuit can also include an OP amp configured as a non-inverting gain stage. また、図1にはシステム共通部21とOPアンプ20の非反転入力端子間に接続された電圧ソースとして示されるのは、他の理想的OPアンプ20と関連するオフセット・エラー電圧と呼ばれる入力であるオフセット・エラー電圧V o2である。 Further, the input of the FIG. 1 is referred to as a non-inverting that shown as connected to a voltage source between the input terminals, the offset error voltage associated with the other ideal OP amplifier 20 of the system common unit 21 and the OP amp 20 it is a certain offset error voltage V o2. 校正回路18は、出力端子16に現れる出力電圧が利得制御回路14の減衰レベル(ポテンショメータ22の設定)の如何に拘わらず既知の一定入力レベルに対して一定(DC)のままであることを保証するよう動作する。 Calibration circuit 18 ensures that the output voltage appearing at the output terminal 16 remains constant (DC) for a constant input level whether the matter without a known level of attenuation of the gain control circuit 14 (setting potentiometer 22) It operates to. 特に、校正ルーチンの間、校正回路18は、フィードバック経路17を介する出力信号から、ノードA、BおよびEにおける電圧が利得制御回路14の減衰レベルの如何に拘わらず予め定めた入力信号に対してV o2で一定のままであるように、加算ブロック12によって各入力信号から差引かれる補正値を生じて記憶する。 In particular, during the calibration routine, the calibration circuit 18, from the output signal via the feedback path 17, node A, with respect to B and a predetermined input signal voltage regardless of the attenuation level of the gain control circuit 14 in the E to remain constant at V o2, and stores generated a correction value subtracted from each input signal by summing block 12. 先に述べたように、このような結果は、例えば、ユーザが外部コンデンサ(図示せず)を出力端子16と直列に置き、このコンデンサが、DC信号を遮断しながら、増幅器およびスピーカ・システムの如き以降の構成要素に対してAC信号を送る高域通過フィルタとして実質的に働くオーディオAC結合用途において要求される。 As mentioned earlier, such a result, for example, the user puts the external capacitor (not shown) to the output terminal 16 in series, the capacitor, while blocking DC signals, amplifier and speaker system It is required in substantially act audio AC coupling application as a high-pass filter for sending the AC signal to such subsequent components. 図2は、更に詳細に、本発明の一実施例によるシステムを示している。 Figure 2 is a more detailed, shows a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. このシステムは、DAC回路24と校正回路26とを含んでいる。 The system includes a a DAC circuit 24 and calibration circuit 26. 本発明の校正方式については、図2に関して以下に記述することにする。 Calibration method of the present invention, will be described below with respect to FIG. 図示の如く、DAC回路24は、ディジタル入力端子バス28と、ディジタル加算ブロック30と、オフセット・レジスタ32と、DAC34と、利得制御回路36と、出力端子38とを含む。 As illustrated, DAC circuit 24 includes a digital input terminal bus 28, a digital summing block 30, an offset register 32, a DAC 34, a gain control circuit 36, and an output terminal 38. V o2 (システム共通部47とOPアンプ46 の非反転入力端子間に接続された)は、OPアンプ46のオフセット・エラー電圧と呼ばれる入力を表わす。 V o2 (connected between the non-inverting input terminal of the system common unit 47 and the OP amp 46) represents the input referred offset error voltage of the OP amplifier 46. 全てのブロックは、他の方法で理想的であると仮定される。 All blocks are assumed to be ideal in other ways. 通常の動作中、ディジタル入力信号は入力端子バス28で受取られる。 During normal operation, the digital input signal is received at input terminal bus 28. オフセット・レジスタ32に記憶された補正値は、加算ブロック30によってディジタル入力信号へ加算される。 Stored correction values to the offset register 32 is added to the digital input signal by summing block 30. この和は、これをアナログ信号へ変換してこれを利得制御回路36へ与えるDAC34へ与えられる。 This sum is given this to DAC34 give it converts into an analog signal to the gain control circuit 36. 利得制御回路36は、ポテンショメータ48の設定に応じて減衰あるいは利得を生じ、アナログ出力端子38に出力信号が与えられる。 Gain control circuit 36 produces an attenuation or gain, depending on the setting of the potentiometer 48, the output signal is provided to the analog output terminal 38. 校正回路26は、校正ADC40と、加算ブロック42と、保持レジスタ44 とを含む。 Calibration circuit 26 includes a calibration ADC 40, a summing block 42, and a holding register 44. 校正中に、補正値が決定されてオフセット・レジスタ32に記憶される。 During calibration, the correction values are stored is determined in the offset register 32. 校正ルーチンは、以下に述べる2つのステップを含む。 Calibration routine includes two steps described below. 校正ルーチンの最初のステップでは、DAC回路のオフセット・エラー電圧が減衰された(利得制御回路により完全に減衰された)状態でDAC出力により測定され、第2のステップでは、DAC回路のオフセット・エラー電圧がDAC出力が減衰されずかつ利得制御回路が予め定めた利得に調整された状態で測定される。 The first step of the calibration routine, as measured by the DAC output (fully attenuated by the gain control circuit) state offset error voltage of the DAC circuit is attenuated, in a second step, the offset error of the DAC circuit voltage is measured while the DAC output is not attenuated and the gain control circuit is adjusted to a predetermined gain. 第1のステップでは、利得制御回路36のポテンショメータ48が、非反転入力端子AがOPアンプ46の出力端子Bに直接接続(短絡)されるまで調整される。 In a first step, the potentiometer 48 of the gain control circuit 36, the non-inverting input terminal A is adjusted until directly connected (shorted) to the output terminal B of the OP amplifier 46. この設定は、ディジタル入力端子バス28で受取られた入力信号における変化がノードBのアナログ出力を変化させないように、DACの出力を減衰(減音:mute)する。 This setting, as a change in received input signal with a digital input terminal bus 28 does not change the analog output of a Node B, attenuate the output of the DAC (sound reduction: mute) to. ノードAおよびBにおける電圧は同じとなり、またV o2に等しくなる。 Voltage will be equal to the same, and the addition V o2 at nodes A and B. 従って、出力端子38における出力電圧はV out mute =V o2に等しくなる。 Therefore, the output voltage at the output terminal 38 is equal to V out mute = V o2. 出力電圧V out muteは、フィードバック線39に沿って、出力電圧をディジタル値に変換する校正ADC40へ送られる。 The output voltage V out mute along the feedback line 39, is sent to the calibration ADC40 for converting the output voltage into a digital value. このディジタル値は、保持レジスタ44に記憶される。 The digital value is stored in holding register 44. 従って、保持レジスタ44は、第1の校正ステップの意図された終了結果であるV out muteのディジタル表示を含む。 Therefore, holding register 44 contains a digital representation of V out mute is intended completion result of the first calibration step. 第2の校正ステップでは、中間スケール・コード(midscale cod e)の既知のディジタル入力がディジタル入力端子バス28に与えられ、本例においてはノードEからノードBに対する利得制御回路36の利得が−1に等しくなるように、ポテンショメータ48が設定される。 In a second calibration step, a known digital input is applied to the digital input terminal bus 28, the gain of the gain control circuit 36 for the node B from node E in this example of an intermediate-scale code (midscale cod e) -1 to be equal to, the potentiometer 48 is set. しかし、この利得はゼロでないどんな値にも設定できることが理解されよう。 However, this gain will be appreciated that the set to any nonzero value. この設定により、出力端子38 における電圧はV out uncal =2×V o2に等しく、これはDAC出力端子Eの電圧がシステム共通部にあり、非反転OPアンプ入力端子Aにおける電圧がV o2に等しくなる故である。 This setting voltage at the output terminal 38 is equal to V out uncal = 2 × V o2 , which is the voltage of the DAC output terminal E is the system common unit, the voltage at the non-inverting OP amplifier input terminal A is equal to V o2 it therefore becomes. この出力電圧V out uncalは、同様にフィードバック線3 9に沿って校正ADC40へ送られて、このADCによりディジタル値へ変換される。 The output voltage V out uncal is sent to the calibration ADC40 equally along feedback line 3 9, it is converted into a digital value by the ADC. V out uncalのこのディジタル表示は、線41に沿って加算ブロック42 へ与えられる。 The digital representation of V out uncal is provided to summing block 42 along line 41. 加算ブロック42は、V out uncalのディジタル表示から保持レジスタにおける値(V out muteのディジタル表示)を差引き、その結果(V o2のディジタル表示)を線43に沿ってオフセット・レジスタ32へ与える。 The addition block 42 subtracts the value (digital representation of V out mute) in the holding register from a digital representation of V out uncal, it gives the result (digital representation of V o2) along line 43 to offset register 32. オフセット・レジスタ32は、利得制御回路36と関連するオフセット・エラー電圧のディジタル表示に等しいこのディジタル結果値(V o2のディジタル表示)を記憶する。 Offset register 32 stores this digital result value equal to a digital representation of the offset error voltage associated with the gain control circuit 36 (digital display of V o2). これで、校正ルーチンを完了する。 This completes the calibration routine. 先に述べたように、通常動作の間、校正ルーチンが完了した後、オフセット・ レジスタ32に記憶された値が加算ブロック30によりディジタル入力端子28 で受取られたディジタル入力信号へ加算され、ノードHに現れる和がDAC34 へ与えられる。 As previously mentioned, during normal operation, after the calibration routine is complete, the value stored in the offset register 32 is added to a digital input signal received by the digital input terminal 28 by addition block 30, the node H sum that appears in is given to the DAC34. このディジタル値の和は、DAC34によってアナログ信号へ変換され、このアナログ信号がノードEで利得制御回路36に与えられる。 The sum of the digital values are converted into an analog signal by DAC 34, the analog signal is applied to the gain control circuit 36 at node E. 例えば、ディジタル入力信号が中間スケール・コードに等しいものと仮定すると、ノードHに現れるディジタル和はV o2のディジタル表示と等しく、ノードEに現れるアナログ信号はV o2に等しい。 For example, when the digital input signal is assumed to be equal to midscale code, the digital sum appearing at node H is equal to the digital representation of V o2, the analog signal appearing at node E is equal to V o2. ノードAに現れる電圧もまたV o2に等しい。 Voltage appearing at node A is also equal to V o2. 従って、ノードBにおける電圧は、中間スケール・コードのディジタル入力信号に対してはポテンショメータの位置の如何に拘わらずV o2のままである。 Thus, the voltage at node B, and the digital input signal of an intermediate-scale code remains V o2 regardless of the position of the potentiometer. 換言すれば、中間スケール・コードのディジタル入力信号に対しては、出力端子38に現れる出力電圧は、音量制御設定とは独立的にV o2に常に等しい。 In other words, with respect to the digital input signal midscale code, the output voltage appearing at output terminal 38 is always equal to independently V o2 the volume control setting. このことは重要かつ好ましい結果であり、それはAC結合用途において、中間スケール・コード入力に対して、ユーザが音量を離散的ステップで調整する故であり、出力電圧は一定のままであり、ユーザにはカチャという音あるいはポンという音が聞こえない故である。 This is important and desirable result, it is in AC-coupled applications, the intermediate-scale code input, and the because the user adjusts in discrete steps the volume, the output voltage remains constant, the user is because you do not hear the sound of sound or pop that Kacha. 図3は、DAC回路50と校正回路52とがシグマ−デルタ・アーキテクチャ(sigma−delta architecture)を含む本発明の別の実施例によるシステムを示している。 Figure 3 is a DAC circuit 50 and calibration circuit 52 is a sigma - shows a system according to another embodiment of the present invention, including a delta architecture (sigma-delta architecture). 更に、この校正回路は、ADCシステムとしてDAC回路50とは独立的に使用することができる。 Further, this calibration circuit can be independently used the DAC circuit 50 as ADC system. 図示の如く、DAC回路50は、ディジタル入力端子54と、加算ブロック56と、DACオフセット・ レジスタ58と、内挿フィルタ60と、シグマ−デルタ変調器62と、DAC6 4と、本例では1の公称帯域通過利得を持つアナログ・フィルタ66と、利得制御回路68と、補助入力回路72と、出力加算回路70と、アナログ出力端子7 6とを含んでいる。 As illustrated, DAC circuit 50, a digital input terminal 54, an adding block 56, a DAC offset register 58, an interpolation filter 60, sigma - delta modulator 62, and DAC 6 4, 1 of the present embodiment an analog filter 66 having a nominal bandpass gain, the gain control circuit 68, an auxiliary input circuit 72, an output adder circuit 70, and an analog output terminal 7 6. 通常の動作中、ディジタル入力信号がディジタル入力端子54で受取られ、オフセット・レジスタ58に記憶されたディジタル補正値が加算ブロック56によってディジタル入力信号から差引かれる。 During normal operation, the digital input signal is received at the digital input terminal 54, the digital correction value stored in the offset register 58 is subtracted from the digital input signal by summing block 56. その結果は、サンプリング周波数を増加させる内挿フィルタ60へ与えられる。 The result is provided to the interpolation filter 60 to increase the sampling frequency. この内挿フィルタは、サンプリング周波数を約64倍だけ増加することが望ましい。 The interpolation filter, it is desirable to increase the sampling frequency by about 64 times. 過剰サンプルされたディジタル信号は、従来通り信号についてノイズ整形を行ってディジタル・データ・ストリームをDAC64に対して出力するシグマ−デルタ変調器62へ与えられる。 Excess sample digital signal is sigma outputs the digital data stream for DAC64 performing noise shaping on conventional signal - provided to delta modulator 62. DA C64は、このディジタル・データ・ストリームをアナログ信号へ変換し、このアナログ信号は次にアナログ・フィルタ66によって濾波されて信号の通過帯域外に現れる量子化ノイズのレベルを低減する。 DA C64, the digital data stream is converted into an analog signal, the analog signal is then reducing the level of quantization noise appearing outside the pass band of the filtered the signal by the analog filter 66. 濾波されたアナログ信号は、次に利得制御回路68を介して出力加算回路70へ送られる。 Filtered analog signal is then sent through a gain control circuit 68 to output summing circuit 70. 出力加算回路70は、 補助入力回路72により与えられる信号を前記アナログ信号へ加算する。 Output adder circuit 70 adds the signal provided by auxiliary input circuit 72 into the analog signal. 補助入力回路72がAC接続されるアナログ入力端子74を含むことに注目されたい。 Note that comprises an analog input terminal 74 to the auxiliary input circuit 72 is AC connection. このアナログ和は、出力端子76に出力として与えられる。 The analog sum is provided as an output to the output terminal 76. アナログ・フィルタ66がオフセット・エラー電圧V o1と呼ばれる関連する入力を持ち、利得制御回路68におけるOPアンプ67がオフセット・エラー電圧V o2と呼ばれる関連する入力を持ち、出力加算回路70におけるOPアンプ71がオフセット・エラー電圧V o3と呼ばれる関連する入力を持ち、補助入力回路におけるOPアンプ73 がオフセット・エラー電圧V o4と呼ばれる関連する入力を持つことに注目されたい。 Has an input analog filter 66 is associated called offset error voltage V o1, has an associated input OP amplifier 67 in the gain control circuit 68 is called the offset error voltage V o2, OP amplifier 71 in the output summing circuit 70 There have input associated called offset error voltage V o3, it should be noted that with the associated input OP amplifier 73 in the auxiliary input circuit called offset error voltage V o4. 図3における全てのブロックは、他の方法で理想的であるものと仮定される。 All blocks in Figure 3 is assumed to be ideal in other ways. 校正回路52は、アナログ入力端子78と、このアナログ入力端子78とフィードバック線77間を選択するセレクタ80と、シグマ−デルタADC82と、 デシメータ(decimator)84と、加算ブロック86と、オフセット保持レジスタ88と、ディジタル出力端子90とを含む。 Calibration circuit 52 includes an analog input terminal 78, a selector 80 for selecting between the analog input terminal 78 and the feedback line 77, the sigma - delta ADC 82, a decimator (decimator) 84, an addition block 86, an offset holding register 88 When, and a digital output terminal 90. 校正回路52は、アナログ入力信号がアナログ入力端子78において受取られ、ディジタル出力信号がディジタル出力端子90において与えられるADCシステムとして独立的に働くことができる。 Calibration circuit 52 includes an analog input signal received at the analog input terminal 78, the digital output signal can act independently as ADC system provided in the digital output terminal 90. ADCシステムとして動作する時、セレクタ80がアナログ入力端子78を選択することになる。 When operating as ADC system, so that the selector 80 selects the analog input terminal 78. 校正回路52はまた、校正モードにおいてDAC システム50を校正するようにも働く。 Calibration circuit 52 also serves to calibrate the DAC system 50 in the calibration mode. 校正回路52は、図2に関して先に述べた校正回路26と同様に動作する。 Calibration circuit 52 operates similarly to the calibration circuit 26 discussed above with respect to FIG. 従って、この校正方式については本文では再び記述しない。 Therefore, not be described again in this text about this calibration method. しかし、図3の実施例においては、V out mute =3×V o3 −V o2 However, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, V out mute = 3 × V o3 -V o2 −V o4であり、かつV out nucal =3×V o3 −2×V o2 +V o1 −V o4であることに注目されたい。 -V is o4, and it should be noted that a V out nucal = 3 × V o3 -2 × V o2 + V o1 -V o4. 通常の動作中、図2の実施例におけるように、中間スケール・コードのディジタル入力信号に対しては、ノードE、AおよびBにおける電圧が、利得制御回路68の減衰レベルの如何に拘わらず、V o2に等しくなる。 During normal operation, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, for the digital input signal of an intermediate-scale code, the node E, the voltage at A and B, regardless of the attenuation level of the gain control circuit 68, equal to V o2. ノードCにおける平均DCレベルは、入力がAC接続される時に入力端子74における平均DCレベルとも、また補助入力回路72の減衰設定とも独立的にV o4に等しくなる。 Average DC level at node C, input with the average DC level at the input terminal 74 when the AC connection, also equal to independently V o4 with attenuation setting of the auxiliary input circuit 72. このように、本発明は、利得制御回路を含むシステムに用いられる校正回路および方式を提供する。 Thus, the present invention provides a calibration circuit and method used in a system including a gain control circuit. 本発明により提供される利点は、音量がユーザによって離散的に調整される時にカチャという音およびポンという音が聞こえないことを含む。 The advantage provided by the present invention includes not hear that sound and Pont that Kacha when the volume is discretely adjusted by the user. 本文に述べた校正回路はオフセット・エラー電圧が直接的に測定され、ADC により変換されてレジスタに記憶される開ループ構成を含むが、予期される出力が得られるまで補正値を変化させる連続的近似法あるいは他の技術を用いて閉ループ構成も使用できるものと考えられる。 Calibration circuit described in the text is directly measured offset error voltage, including open-loop configuration that is stored in the conversion has been register by ADC, continuous output that is expected to change the correction value to obtain closed loop configuration using the approximation method or other techniques are also contemplated as usable. 当該システムについては本文では電圧に関して記述し示したが、このシステムが電流または電荷によっても同様に働くであろうことを理解すべきである。 For the system in the text indicated described with respect to voltage, it should be understood that this system would work as well by the current or charge. 本文では本発明について特定の実施例に関して記述したが、上記技術に照らして種々の変更および修正が可能である。 This paper was described with respect to specific embodiments for the present invention but is susceptible to various changes and modifications in light of the above teachings. 従って、本文の実施例は例示としてのみ提示されること、および請求の範囲とその相等技術内で本発明が特に記述されたもの以外の方法で実施可能であることを理解すべきである。 Accordingly, examples of text to be presented by way of example only, and it should be understood that the present invention in the claims and in that equality technique is particularly practiced otherwise than as described.
【手続補正書】特許法第184条の8 【提出日】1994年12月29日【補正内容】 1994年12月29日付34条補正 請求の範囲1. [Procedure amendment] the scope of the Patent Law No. 184 Article 8 [filing date] of December 29, 1994 [correction content] 1994 December 29 date Article 34 correction claim 1. 入力端子(E)と出力端子(B)とを有し、入力端子において入力信号を受取り、出力端子において出力信号を与える利得制御回路(14)と、 利得制御回路に接続され、校正サイクルの間に出力信号を受取って利得制御回路に対する補正値を生じて記憶する校正回路(18)と、 前記校正回路(18)と前記利得制御回路(14)とに接続され、予め定めた入力信号に対して、利得制御回路の減衰または利得の量における変化にも拘わらず出力信号が実質的に一定のままであるように、記憶された補正値を入力信号と組合わせる加算ブロック(12)と、 を備えるシステム。 Having an input terminal (E) and an output terminal (B), it receives an input signal at an input terminal, a gain control circuit (14) for providing an output signal at the output terminal, is connected to the gain control circuit, during the calibration cycle receiving the output signal to the calibration and circuit (18) for storing generated compensation values for the gain control circuit, coupled to said calibration circuit (18) said gain control circuit (14), with respect to a predetermined input signal Te, so that the output signal despite changes in the amount of attenuation or gain of the gain control circuit remains substantially constant, the sum is combined with the input signal a stored correction value block (12), the system provided. 2. 2. 前記利得制御回路が、入力端子と出力端子とを持つ演算増幅器を含み、更に該演算増幅器の入力端子に接続された可変抵抗を含む請求の範囲第1項記載のシステム。 It said gain control circuit includes an operational amplifier having an input terminal and an output terminal, the system ranging first claim of claim further comprising a variable resistor connected to the input terminal of the operational amplifier. 3. 3. 前記加算ブロックに接続された入力端子と、前記利得制御回路に接続された出力端子とを持つディジタル/アナログ・コンバータを更に備える請求の範囲第2項記載のシステム。 Wherein an input terminal connected to the summing block, the gain control circuit further digital / analog converter with the output terminal connected to the provided claims second Claims system. 4. 4. 前記ディジタル/アナログ・コンバータが、シグマ−デルタ・ディジタル/ アナログ・コンバータを含む請求の範囲第3項記載のシステム。 The digital / analog converter, sigma - system ranging third claim of claim containing delta digital / analog converter. 5. 5. 前記校正回路が、前記利得制御回路に接続された入力端子と前記加算ブロックに接続された出力端子とを有するアナログ/ディジタル・コンバータを含む請求の範囲第3項記載のシステム。 Wherein the calibration circuit, the system ranging third claim of claim, including an analog / digital converter having an output terminal connected is connected to the gain control circuit the input terminal to the summing block. 6. 6. 前記校正回路が更に、アナログ/ディジタル・コンバータと加算ブロックとに接続されて補正値を記憶するオフセット・レジスタを含む請求の範囲第5項記載のシステム。 Wherein the calibration circuit further system ranging fifth claim of claim including an offset register for storing a correction value is connected to the the summing block analog / digital converter. 7. 7. 前記校正回路が更に、アナログ/ディジタル・コンバータとオフセット・レジスタとに接続されて、校正サイクルの間に中間値を記憶する保持レジスタを含む請求の範囲第6項記載のシステム。 Wherein the calibration circuit is further connected to an analog / digital converter and the offset register, the system ranging sixth claim of claim including a holding register for storing an intermediate value during the calibration cycle. 8. 8. 入力端子(E)において入力信号を受取るステップと、 出力端子(B)に出力信号を生じるように、利得制御回路(14)により入力信号の利得または減衰を制御するステップと、 校正サイクルの間に補正値を決定するステップと、 該補正値を記憶するステップと、 予め定めた入力信号に対して、前記利得制御回路の減衰量における変化にも拘わらず、出力信号が実質的に一定のままであるように、補正値を入力信号と組合わせるステップと、 を含むシステムの校正方法。 A step of receiving an input signal at an input terminal (E), to produce an output signal to the output terminal (B), and controlling the gain or attenuation of the input signal by a gain control circuit (14), during the calibration cycle determining a correction value, and storing the correction value with respect to a predetermined input signal, despite the changes in attenuation of the gain control circuit, the output signal remains substantially constant some manner, a calibration method of a system including the steps of combining an input signal a correction value. 9. 9. 前記補正値決定ステップが、 入力端子に予め定めた入力信号を提供するステップと、 前記利得制御回路の利得または減衰を予め定めた量に設定するステップと、 出力信号を測定するステップと、を含む請求の範囲第8項記載のシステムを校正する方法。 Wherein the correction value determining step comprises the steps of providing a predetermined input signal to the input terminal, and setting the predetermined amount of gain or attenuation of the gain control circuit, measuring the output signal, the method of calibrating a billing system in the range paragraph 8, wherein the. 10. 10. 入力端子において入力信号を受取る前記ステップが、ディジタル入力端子においてディジタル入力信号を受取るステップを含む請求の範囲第9項記載のシステムを校正する方法。 Wherein said step is to calibrate the system in the range 9 claim of claim including the step of receiving the digital input signal in a digital input terminal for receiving an input signal at the input terminal. 11. 11. ディジタル入力端子においてディジタル入力信号を受取る前記ステップの後に、前記ディジタル入力信号と前記補正値との組合わせをアナログ信号へ変換して、該アナログ信号を利得制御回路へ提供するステップを更に含む請求の範囲第10項記載のシステムを校正する方法。 After said step of receiving a digital input signal in the digital input terminal, said digital input signal and the combination of the correction value is converted into an analog signal, according to step further comprising the providing the analog signal to the gain control circuit method of calibrating the system in the range 10 Claims. 12. 12. 補正値を決定する前記ステップが更に、出力信号をディジタル信号へ変換するステップを含む請求の範囲第11項記載の方法。 Wherein the step of further determining the correction value, the method in the range 11 claim of claim including the step of converting the output signal to a digital signal.
【特許請求の範囲】 1. [Claims] 1. 入力端子と出力端子とを有し、入力端子において入力信号を受取り、出力端子において出力信号を与える利得制御回路と、 利得制御回路に接続され、校正サイクルの間に出力信号を受取り、利得制御回路に対する補正値を生じて記憶する校正回路と、 前記校正回路と前記利得制御回路とに接続され、利得制御回路の減衰量または利得量における変化にも拘わらず予め定めた入力信号に対して、出力信号が実質的に一定のままであるように、記憶された補正値を入力信号と組合わせる加算ブロックと、 を備えるシステム。 Having an input terminal and an output terminal, receives an input signal at an input terminal, receives a gain control circuit for providing an output signal at the output terminal, is connected to the gain control circuit, the output signal during a calibration cycle, the gain control circuit a calibration circuit for storing generated compensation values for, connected to said a calibration circuit and said gain control circuit for a predetermined input signal despite changes in attenuation or gain of the gain control circuit, the output system comprising signal to remain substantially constant, the addition block for combining an input signal stored correction value. 2. 2. 前記利得制御回路が、入力端子と出力端子とを持つ演算増幅器を含み、更に該演算増幅器の入力端子に接続された可変抵抗を含む請求の範囲第1項記載のシステム。 It said gain control circuit includes an operational amplifier having an input terminal and an output terminal, the system ranging first claim of claim further comprising a variable resistor connected to the input terminal of the operational amplifier. 3. 3. 前記加算ブロックに接続された入力端子と、前記利得制御回路に接続された出力端子とを持つディジタル/アナログ・コンバータを更に備える請求の範囲第2項記載のシステム。 Wherein an input terminal connected to the summing block, the gain control circuit further digital / analog converter with the output terminal connected to the provided claims second Claims system. 4. 4. 前記ディジタル/アナログ・コンバータが、シグマ−デルタ・ディジタル/ アナログ・コンバータを含む請求の範囲第3項記載のシステム。 The digital / analog converter, sigma - system ranging third claim of claim containing delta digital / analog converter. 5. 5. 前記校正回路が、前記利得制御回路に接続された入力端子と前記加算ブロックに接続された出力端子とを有するアナログ/ディジタル・コンバータを含む請求の範囲第3項記載のシステム。 Wherein the calibration circuit, the system ranging third claim of claim, including an analog / digital converter having an output terminal connected is connected to the gain control circuit the input terminal to the summing block. 6. 6. 前記校正回路が更に、アナログ/ディジタル・コンバータと加算ブロックとに接続されて補正値を記憶するオフセット・レジスタを含む請求の範囲第5項記載のシステム。 Wherein the calibration circuit further system ranging fifth claim of claim including an offset register for storing a correction value is connected to the the summing block analog / digital converter. 7. 7. 前記校正回路が更に、アナログ/ディジタル・コンバータとオフセット・レジスタとに接続されて、校正サイクルの間に中間値を記憶する保持レジスタを含む請求の範囲第6項記載のシステム。 Wherein the calibration circuit is further connected to an analog / digital converter and the offset register, the system ranging sixth claim of claim including a holding register for storing an intermediate value during the calibration cycle. 8. 8. 入力端子と出力端子とを持ち、該入力端子において受取った入力信号の利得または減衰を調整して出力端子に出力信号を生じる利得制御手段と、 前記利得制御手段に接続されて、校正サイクルの間に該利得制御装置に対する補正値を測定して記憶する校正手段と、 前記校正手段と前記利得制御手段とに接続されて、予め定めた入力信号に対して、前記利得制御手段の減衰量における変化にも拘わらず出力信号が実質的に一定のままであるように、記憶された補正値を入力信号と組合わせる加算手段とを備えるシステム。 Having an input terminal and an output terminal, the gain of the input signal or damping adjustment to the gain control means for producing an output signal to an output terminal received in the input terminal is connected to said gain control means, during the calibration cycle in a calibration means for measuring and storing a correction value for said gain control device, is connected to the calibration means and said gain control means, with respect to a predetermined input signal, the change in the attenuation amount of the gain control means to remain even if the output signal regardless of substantially constant, the system comprising adding means for combining an input signal with stored correction values. 9. 9. 前記利得制御手段が、入力端子と出力端子とを持つ演算増幅器を含み、更に該演算増幅器の入力端子に接続された可変レジスタを含む請求の範囲第8項記載のシステム。 It said gain control means includes an operational amplifier having an input terminal and an output terminal, the system in the range 8 claim of claim further comprising a variable resistor connected to the input terminal of the operational amplifier. 10. 10. 前記加算手段に接続された入力端子と前記利得制御手段に接続された出力端子とを持つディジタル/アナログ・コンバータを更に備える請求の範囲第9項記載のシステム。 Further comprising a billing system in the range paragraph 9, wherein the digital / analog converter with the output terminal connected to said gain control means and an input terminal connected to said adding means. 11. 11. 前記ディジタル/アナログ・コンバータがシグマ−デルタ・ディジタル/ アナログ・コンバータを含む請求の範囲第10項記載のシステム。 The digital / analog converter is a sigma - delta digital / system in the range 10 claim of claim including analog converter. 12. 12. 前記校正手段が、利得制御手段に接続された入力端子と前記加算手段に接続された出力端子とを持つアナログ/ディジタル・コンバータを含む請求の範囲第10項記載のシステム。 The calibration means, the system in the range 10 claim of claim including analog / digital converter having an output terminal connected to said adding means and an input terminal connected to the gain control means. 13. 13. 前記校正手段が更に、前記アナログ/ディジタル・コンバータと前記加算手段とに接続されて補正値を記憶する第1の記憶手段を含む請求の範囲第12項記載のシステム。 The calibration means further first system range 12 claim of claim including storage means for storing the correction values are connected to said adding means and said analog / digital converter. 14. 14. 前記校正手段が更に、前記アナログ/ディジタル・コンバータと前記第1 の記憶手段とに接続されて、校正サイクルの間に中間値を記憶する第2の記憶手段を含む請求の範囲第13項記載のシステム。 The calibration means further wherein connected to an analog / digital converter and said first storage means, claims including a second storage means for storing an intermediate value during the calibration cycle range of 13 Claims system. 15. 15. 入力端子において入力信号を受取るステップと、 出力端子に出力信号を生じるように、利得制御回路により入力信号の利得または減衰を制御するステップと、 校正サイクルの間に補正値を決定するステップと、 該補正値を記憶するステップと、 予め定めた入力信号に対して、前記利得制御回路の減衰量における変化にも拘わらず、出力信号が実質的に一定のままであるように、補正値を入力信号と組合わせるステップとを含むシステムの校正方法。 A step of receiving an input signal at an input terminal, to produce an output signal to the output terminal, and controlling the gain or attenuation of the input signal by the gain control circuit, and determining a correction value during a calibration cycle, the storing a correction value for a predetermined input signal, said despite changes in attenuation of the gain control circuit, so that the output signal remains substantially constant, inputs the correction value signal calibration method of a system including the steps of combining a. 16. 16. 前記補正値決定ステップが、 入力端子に予め定めた入力信号を提供するステップと、 前記利得制御回路の利得または減衰を予め定めた量に設定するステップと、 出力信号を測定するステップと、を含む請求の範囲第15項記載のシステムを校正する方法。 Wherein the correction value determining step comprises the steps of providing a predetermined input signal to the input terminal, and setting the predetermined amount of gain or attenuation of the gain control circuit, measuring the output signal, the method of calibrating a billing system in the range paragraph 15, wherein the. 17. 17. 入力端子において入力信号を受取る前記ステップが、ディジタル出力端子においてディジタル信号を受取るステップを含む請求の範囲第16項記載のシステムを校正する方法。 Wherein said step is to calibrate the system in the range 16 claim of claim including the step of receiving a digital signal in the digital output terminal for receiving an input signal at the input terminal. 18. 18. ディジタル入力端子においてディジタル入力信号を受取る前記ステップの後に、前記ディジタル入力信号と前記補正値との組合わせをアナログ信号へ変換して、該アナログ信号を利得制御回路へ提供するステップを更に含む請求の範囲第17項記載のシステムを校正する方法。 After said step of receiving a digital input signal in the digital input terminal, said digital input signal and the combination of the correction value is converted into an analog signal, according to step further comprising the providing the analog signal to the gain control circuit method of calibrating the system in the range 17 Claims. 19. 19. 補正値を決定する前記ステップが更に、出力信号をディジタル信号へ変換するステップを含む請求の範囲第18項記載の方法。 Wherein the step of further determining the correction value, the method in the range 18 claim of claim including the step of converting the output signal to a digital signal.


Type 316H is a higher carbon variant of 316 making the steel more suitable for use in applications where elevated temperatures are present. Stabilized Grade 316Ti offers similar qualities.
The steel lends itself well for use in the petrochemical, gas and chemical industry. Steber Steel supply Grade 316H to a variety of customers including fabricators of pressure vessels, industrial boilers and heat exchangers.
Excellent in a range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media – generally more resistant than 304. Subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 600C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 1000mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 500mg/L at 600C.
316 is usually regarded as the standard "marine grade stainless steel", but it is not resistant to warm sea water. In many marine environments 316 does exhibit surface corrosion, usually visible as brown staining. This is particularly associated with crevices and rough surface finish.
We export 316H Stainless Steel Pipe and Tube to Iran, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Albania, Muscat, Bahrain, Turkey, Egypt, Maldives, Italy, UAE, Bahrain, Indonesia, Australia, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Germany, UK, Denmark, Canada, USA, Peru, Brazil, Nizeria, Mexico, Venezuela (Latin America), South America, Russia, kazakhstan etc.
Solution Treatment (Annealing) – Heat to 1010-11200C and cool rapidly. These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.


text:
Necro, född Ron Braunstein 7 juni 1976, är en rappare från Brooklyn i New York. Han driver skivbolaget Psycho+Logical Records samt producerar sina egna beats. Han har producerat beats till andra artister som Cage och Non Phixion. Han är också känd för att ha producerat Goretex's The Art Of Dying, som släpptes 2004. Innan Necro började med hiphop så hade han och hans storebror Ill Bill ett Death metal-band tillsammans som hette Injustice som splittrades efter att de spelade in två demos, eftersom de tyckte att de inte kom någonstans. Ill Bill är även han en känd rappare.

Diskografi

Externa länkar
Officiell webbplats

Amerikanska hiphopmusiker
Födda 1976
Män
Levande personer
Personer från Brooklyn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are varieties of Protinex products available in the market for all age groups ranging from infants to old age. Even pregnant women can also buy Protinex mama chocolate, to fulfil their protein deficiencies. It is enriched with dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins and high protein. In addition, it is an essential protein supplement for women during pregnancy and lactation.


text:
Q: How can I synchronize all PDFs from one directory with Dropbox? I want to synchronize all the PDFs from one directory (my Zotero library) to Dropbox. Finally, I want to have a list of all the PDFs, not the directory names.
I successfully synchronized all my PDFs with the following command:
rsync -az --include="*/" --include="*.pdf" --exclude="*" \
--prune-empty-dirs /zotero /dropbox

I think I can easily set up a cron job to redo that task every day, but haven't tried that yet.
But now my folder on Dropbox still has all the directories with the PDFs in it (e.g. 6NVTACJH > xyz.pdf)
My problem:
I would love to only have all the pdfs listed in one directory. Following an advice from the web, I tried to find all pdfs and create a hardlink.
But this command does not work yet.
ln $( find -name="*.pdf" -type f - links 1 ) /dropbox

Can you please help me with that last command?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Stephen Baldwin was arrested in New York City yesterday ... TMZ has learned.
Law enforcement sources tell us ... Baldwin was initially pulled over at 5:14 PM after cops say he made an illegal U-turn in Harlem.
During the stop, we're told cops noticed Baldwin was driving with a suspended license ... so they arrested the actor and hauled him to a nearby jail where he was booked for aggravated unlicensed operator [of a motor vehicle].
Baldwin is scheduled to appear in court in October to be arraigned.
We reached out to Baldwin's people for comment -- so far, no word back.


text:
Hays celebrates 50th anniversary
5th	of February, 2018
Hays, the world's leading recruiting experts in qualified, professional and skilled people, is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year.
The business began its life in 1968, based in a small office in London with just a handful of employees. The company is now a FTSE 250 business, operating out of 250 offices, across 33 countries and with over 10,000 employees.
Alistair Cox, Hays CEO, commented, "This is such a proud moment for our business and it provides us the opportunity to reflect on our history and how much the business has changed in that time. From our beginnings as a small UK-based business, to the world's largest specialist recruiter today, it's quite an extraordinary journey. It's also a real testament to the hard work of thousands of people over the years. This anniversary also gives us the chance to look forward to the future and use the lessons we have learnt over the years to ensure we're best placed to make the most of the many opportunities that lie ahead."
On average, Hays conducts 45,000 face-to-face interviews every month and fills 1,000 jobs around the world every working day. To build such scale, the company has invested heavily in its workforce, as well as embracing evolving technologies and digital platforms, including partnerships with Google, SEEK, Xing and LinkedIn – with over 2 million followers on the social networking site. Hays is also the Official Recruitment Partner of Manchester City FC and Manchester City's Women's FC.
Alistair added, "It is a huge endorsement to our company that we have so many long serving employees. The heart of a business is its people and our dedicated staff have played a big part in what has made us so successful over the past 50 years. We look forward to not only celebrating this huge occasion with our employees, but with clients and candidates too."
To find out more about Hays, visit their website: https://www.hays.com.sg/
This entry was posted in Company News. Bookmark the permalink.
Argyll Scott business expansion and increased hiring in Thailand
Argyll Scott business expansion and increased hiring in Thailand posted on October 21, 2016

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As I was enjoying my newest favorite beverage the other day, Efferve Sparkling Pink Lemonade from Aldi (yes!), I realized that refreshing drinks are the best way to enjoy the warmer weather. Such a simple joy.
Of course, you can always add a splash or two of your favorite liquor & make it a mixed drink. It's your call. Enjoy!


tarcasm is an student project in Tunku Abdul Rahman Collage.
We aim to research on optimization at assembly source level. Research will be based 8051 microcontroller developing an cross assembler on C++ platform.
STL_Import is a tool designed to import into MATLAB both binary and ASCII STL files.
This script is mainly a collage between file exchange file id 22409 and 3642, plus some other features that can be considered new.


The Swedish Final, Melodifestivalen 2000, was held on March 10th at the Operahouse in Gothenburg. There were 10 hosts - Björn Skifs, Arja Saijonmaa, Elisabeth Andreassen, Lasse Holm, Lena Philipsson, Loa Falkman, Lasse Berghagen, Lotta Engberg, Tommy Körberg & Carola. The winning song was chosen by a mixture of regional juries and televoting - Roger Pontare was the favourite with both.
1394 songs were submitted and 10 progressed to the final, which was one of the most seen TV shows ever in Sweden with 4 175 000 viewers. Just like last year, 11 juries combined with televotes selected the winner, which surprisingly was folk-inspired rock song När vindarna viskar mitt namn. It was sung by Roger Pontare, who had also represented Sweden at the 1994 contest. The song was written and composed by Thomas Holmstrand, Linda Jansson and Peter Dahl.
The song När vindarna viskar mitt namn extols the traditions of indigenous peoples and their efforts to protect their territories and cultures. For his solo appearance in 2000, Pontare wore a Sami costume associated with the indigenous population of Lapland in northern Sweden (and also the northern regions of Norway, Finland, and Russia). On his performance at the Eurovision Song Contest, Pontare was accompanied by an Indian dancer, a Thule Eskimo and a Norwegian Sami.
Roger performed his song in the 18th spot, and received much cheers from the home public. The song had been translated into English and was now called When Spirits Are Calling My Name, and the stage show was quite spectacular with Native American and Sami themes. Sweden finished 7th with 88 points.
Fred Roger Pontare (born as Fred Roger Johansson on 17 October 1951 in Slagnäs, Arjeplog Municipality, Sweden) is a Swedish musician. He currently lives in Vingåker, Södermanland County.
He represented Sweden twice in the Eurovision Song Contest, in 1994 (duet with Marie Bergman) with Stjärnorna and in 2000 with When Spirits Are Calling My Name, placing 13th and 7th, respectively. Roger released 5 quite successful labums.


Instead of reading or watching television, NPR for iPad allows you to obtain your news by hearing the unique voice and approach of National Public Radio. This interactive app has a magazine-style format, but allows you to access past radio broadcasts on-demand, or that are being broadcast live on NPR stations around the country. Accompanying these audio-based broadcasts and reports are informative articles and photos, as well as other relevant multimedia content.
From this free app, you can quickly find the local NPR radio station wherever you happen to be visiting, or tune into familiar voices from your home city's NPR station while away.


text:
body { background-color: #BADA55; }

body .card { box-shadow: 1px 1px 10px silver; }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
BREAKING NEWS Sat 01 Jan 2022
Everton Sign Mykolenko
Everton have signed defender Vitalii Mykolenko from Dynamo Kiev for an undisclosed fee, the Ukraine international agreeing a four-and-a-half-year deal until the end of June 2026.
Mykolenko, 22, becomes the Blues' first signing of the January transfer window having impressed at both club and international level in recent years.
Ukraine's premier left-back, Mykolenko has won 21 caps for his country and was a key part of the team which reached the quarter-finals of Euro 2020.
Mykolenko featured regularly in Dynamo's past two Champions League campaigns and was instrumental in his side's domestic league title triumph in 2020/21. He has also won two Ukrainian Cups with Dynamo.
Speaking to evertontv after becoming manager Rafa Benitez's sixth signing as Blues manager, Mykolenko said: "Moving to Everton is a big and important step in my life.
"I have always dreamed of playing in the Premier League. English football is where the game was born and I think that it will suit my game very well.
"I am 22 but I don't feel like a youngster. I have experience of playing at European level and hope I will continue to improve as a player.
"I am excited about the opportunity of playing in front of our supporters at Everton. I have seen the last few games at Goodison Park and they were unbelievable.
"They are incredible fans to whom I feel great responsibility."
Mykolenko, who can also operate in central defence and as a wing-back, made his Dynamo debut aged just 18, with his consistently high-quality performances seeing him rewarded with a senior international call-up one year later.
He quickly established himself as the number one left-back for club and country and shone as Ukraine qualified for Euro 2020 in Impressive fashion.
Andriy Shevchenko's team went through their qualifying section unbeaten, finishing top of a group featuring a star-studded Portugal side. Mykolenko went on to start four of Ukraine's five matches at the European Championship.
Mykolenko's growing status at Dynamo, meanwhile, was underlined when, aged 21, he was named captain for a league game against FC Lviv last season. He made a total of 132 first-team appearances for Dynamo, scoring seven goals and providing 20 assists.
I believe here at Everton, with the Club's traditions and ambitions, I will grow as a person and as a player.
Mykolenko added: "I like to play on the front foot and get forward when I can.
"Modern football demands that full-backs are able to attack as well as defend. I think I am a versatile defender who can get up and down the pitch.
"But I believe desire and commitment are the most important attributes and I will aim to bring those qualities.
"I hope it won't take me too long to settle in and get used to the style of football.
"I feel great right now and it is very important for me to communicate with the team, the management and the fans.
"For that, I need to learn the language and understand culture of this city, this country and this club. I will do my very best.
BREAKING NEWS First Team News Welcome, Vitaliy
WATCH: Mykolenko's Exclusive Interview
Sat 01 Jan, 2022 New signing speaks to evertontv after completing move from Dynamo Kiev.
Mykolenko's Everton Shirt Number Revealed
Sat 01 Jan, 2022 Defender will wear number 19 for the Toffees.
GALLERY: Mykolenko Is A Blue
Sat 01 Jan, 2022 Images of our latest recruit in his new colours.
In Profile: Vitalii Mykolenko
Sat 01 Jan, 2022 All you need to know about the Blues' new defender.


text:
Q: Loop group_by function over multiple columns So I am trying to create a table with counts of distinct records in my data table
mytable <-
   group team num  ID
 1   a   x    1    9
 2   a   x    2    4
 3   a   y    3    5
 4   a   y    4    9
 5   b   x    1    7
 6   b   y    4    4
 7   b   x    3    9
 8   b   y    2    8

The column names are group,team, num, and ID. I want an individual table that contains the counts of distinct records in each of the columns. I want the table names to be in the format "table_colName"
colName <- c('group','team','num','ID')

for (col in colName)
     'table_'+colName <- mytable %>% group_by(col) %>% summarise(Count = n())

This generate an error "Error in grouped_df_impl(data, unname(vars), drop) : Column col is unknown".
Is there a way I can iterate through the group_by function using the columns in my data table and to save it to a new data table each time so that in this example I end up with table_group, table_team,table_num, and table_ID?

A: An option is to use group_by_at in combination with lapply. You need to pass columns of mytable to lapply. The function will group each columns and result will be available in a list.
library(dplyr)

lapply(names(mytable), function(x){
  group_by_at(mytable, x)%>%summarise(Count = n()) %>% as.data.frame()
})

# [[1]]
#   group Count
# 1     a     4
# 2     b     4
#
# [[2]]
#   team Count
# 1    x     4
# 2    y     4
#
# [[3]]
#   num Count
# 1   1     2
# 2   2     2
# 3   3     2
# 4   4     2
#
# [[4]]
#   ID Count
# 1  4     2
# 2  5     1
# 3  7     1
# 4  8     1
# 5  9     3

Data:
mytable <- read.table(text=
"group team num  ID
1   a   x    1    9
2   a   x    2    4
3   a   y    3    5
4   a   y    4    9
5   b   x    1    7
6   b   y    4    4
7   b   x    3    9
8   b   y    2    8",
header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

A: try this:
mytable %>%
  group_by(.dots=c('group','team','num','ID')) %>%
  summarise(Count = n())

A: I was able to fix this with the code below, thank you all for your attempt at helping me but I am new to coding and probably did not phrase the question right, sorry!
 colName <- c('group','team','num','ID')

 for (col in colName) {
     tables <- paste('table',col, sep = '_')
     assign(tables, mytable %>% group_by(.dots = col) %>% summarise(Count = n()))
     }

A: A solution using data.table and lapply.
Create data
library(data.table)

dt <- read.table(text = "
group team num  ID
1   a   x    1    9
2   a   x    2    4
3   a   y    3    5
4   a   y    4    9
5   b   x    1    7
6   b   y    4    4
7   b   x    3    9
8   b   y    2    8")

Code to generate results
setDT(dt)

l <- lapply(cnms, function(i)setnames(dt[, .N, get(i)], "get", i))
names(l) <- paste0("table_", cnms)
str(l)


On 30th November 2014, the Indian clients came to Dasion to visit Concrete Batching Plant and Concrete Mixer. Since last year, we had contact this client and now they finally made an decision to purchase our products. The India clients cared the quality , price and the delivery time very much. We intruduced our machines in detail. At last, the Indian clients expressed that they were very satisfied with our products and both of us were looking forward to the cooperation.


Century Square showcases curated offers, new-to-market concepts, new tenants and more to complement the larger Tampines retail ecosystem. It aims to create a community space where shoppers can indulge in its diverse offerings.
Modernised with a new façade, the community-serving mall comprises of 6 exciting levels of retail, entertainment and F&B establishments with open-concept dining areas. The mall includes family-friendly services and activity spaces such as larger nursing rooms, family car park lots, roof deck, 24-hour gym and more, leaving shoppers satisfied.
Century Square also leverages on digital technologies to deliver a seamless, relevant and convenient shopping environment. National Library Board's first-of-its-kind virtual library in a mall will be located at level 4. Shoppers can look forward to many firsts and other exciting details as Century Square is ready to welcome shoppers now!


Technological innovation is transforming how businesses plan and invest. Evidence shows that European businesses fare well on investing in technology compared to peers around the world. With competition intense, firms must balance thorough due diligence with staying ahead of the curve in order to invest successfully. This infographic highlights the technology investment in the European Union [ 1832 kb ].
European businesses recognise that investment in technology and investment in future growth are synonymous. But they are not the only ones.
Against this backdrop, data from the Grant Thornton International Business Report suggests that European businesses are keeping pace in the technology stakes. Net 42% of EU firms plan to increase investment in technology over the next 12 months in Q1 2018. This is up from net 38% in the previous quarter. The figure is identical to businesses in Asia Pacific, and ahead of counterparts in Latin America (37%).
These are encouraging signs. Yes, the proportion of firms in North America planning to boost investment in technology is some way higher at net 62%. But country comparisons reveal a more even contest. Ireland (net 66%) outstrips the US (net 63%), for example. And the UK (net 50%) currently pips China (net 49%) for investment intentions.
We see Blockchain being used to make significant efficiency improvements to invoicing processes. Or, to bring together multiple supply chain parties' data in a digital platform that offers a way to track and verify activity.
If tax functions become more automated, it can free up individuals previously in those roles to play a more central role in advising on and influencing business strategy.
From Blockchain to AI to the cloud to smartphones, technology is disrupting how we do businesses. But the same rules of business investment still apply. It is important to spend time understanding how individual areas of technology work, what their applications are, and the benefits it could create for your firm.
As with other investments outside the realm of technology, have specific objectives and growth targets in mind.
Additionally, new European regulation is an important consideration. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the European Union's new data law, comes into effect this May. Businesses must ensure customer data privacy complies with the new rules.
This regulation will affect social media platforms, cloud computing, geolocation services and other technologies your business may use. It will also affect companies that use technology platforms, such as Amazon, to sell and distribute their products and services. Customers of these companies will expect assurances on data security.
Our research shows that businesses around the world, not just in Europe, see the importance of investing in new technologies. European firms, therefore, must strike a fine balance. Avoid a gold rush mentality and invest without proper planning. But don't fall back from the pack and lose out to competitors.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Owin;
using Owin;

[assembly: OwinStartup(typeof(Finance.Service.Startup))]

namespace Finance.Service
{
    public partial class Startup
    {
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            ConfigureAuth(app);
        }
    }
}


text:
In-Store Team Building
13 BEST Nashville Museums to Visit | Music, Sports, and History
Posted: Thursday, Jun 10 2021
Nashville is famous for its nightlife, Southern charm, and lively musical scene.
However, there is way more to Music City beyond cowboy boots and the bars on Broadway! The museums in Nashville offer plenty of opportunities for cultural enjoyment. Keep reading for the thirteen best Nashville museums worth a visit!
If you're looking for some other things to do in Nashville, we've also got you covered here!
1. The Country Music Hall of Fame
📍 222 Rep. John Lewis Way S
A Nashville staple, The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is home to more than 2.5 million priceless artifacts related to country music legends. Through in-person exhibits, digital content, publications, and educational initiatives, the museum teaches the enduring beauty and cultural importance of American country music.
Gallery collections include countless recordings, photographs, stage costumes, musical instruments, and more. This is a must-see for any country music lover, whether you're a fan of the classic artists or the more modern country crowd!
A post shared by Madame Tussauds USA (@madametussaudsusa)
2. Madame Tussauds Nashville
📍 515 Opry Mills Drive
While there are Madame Tussauds galleries all over the globe, the Nashville museum edition focuses solely on singers, songwriters, and other lyrical legends who have helped shape the American musical landscape. Naturally, Music City makes a great home for this wax museum! Museum guests can explore themed rooms and check out the lifelike wax figures of over 50 musical icons!
From Elvis Presley to Katy Perry, you can snap a pic with your favorite celeb!
Photo courtesy of Visit Music City
3. Frist Art Museum
📍 919 Broadway
The Frist Art Museum is a world-class art museum located in downtown Nashville. Presenting an extensive collection of exhibits, from both local and international artists, The Frist is a great place for any art appreciator to spend an afternoon!
If you want to do more than look at art, why not create some? Inside The Frist is the award-winning Martin ArtQuest Gallery, an interactive learning environment with 30 art-making stations. Aspiring artists of all ages can dabble and learn more about drawing, animation, printmaking, and painting.
Make sure to check out the free live music on Thursday and Friday evenings!
4. Johnny Cash Museum
📍 119 3rd Avenue South
Located in the heart of downtown Nashville, The Johnny Cash Museum is dedicated to the life and musical career of renowned country star, Johnny Cash.
This museum features the world's largest collection of Johnny Cash artifacts and memorabilia. Items include stage costumes, instruments, personal letters, artwork and handwritten lyrics!
This is definitely an iconic spot for any classic country lovers. The prime downtown location means you can check out the museum, then stop in at a nearby bar for a drink and some live music!
5. Andrew Jackson's Hermitage
📍 4580 Rachel's Lane
Photo courtesy of Andrew Jackson's Hermitage
Andrew Jackson's Hermitage, a 1,120-acre National Historic Landmark was once home to President Andrew Jackson and his family. It is now one of the largest and most visited presidential homes in the United States.
The all-encompassing property served as a living space, an office, and a place for entertaining for our former president. Believe it or not, it has actually been restored with most of Jackson's original belongings. The mansions is also considered to be the most accurately preserved early presidential home in the country!
Guests can take tours through the 30+ historic buildings and flower gardens or take seasonal wagon tours. There are also various events year round, from weddings and wine tastings to book clubs and leadership summits.
6. Cheekwood Estate and Gardens
📍 1200 Forrest Park Drive
Photo courtesy of Cheekwood Estate and Gardens
This 1930s estate is favorite locale for Nashville natives and tourists alike. Cheekwood serves as a botanical garden and arboretum, over 55 acres of land. The property includes 12 gardens and a 1.5-mile woodland trail with modern and contemporary outdoor sculptures.  Inside the mansion is a museum featuring historic rooms and art galleries, with over 7,000 works in the permanent collection!
A post shared by Adventure Science Center (@adventuresci)
7. Adventure Science Center
📍 800 Fort Negley Boulevard
From outer space to tiny atoms, the Adventure Science Center showcases interactive learning experience and the wonders of science. Guests can experience simulated weightlessness and fly like an astronaut in Space Chase. Or they can check out the Virtual Reality Studio to see dinosaurs that once roamed our planet up close.
The Adventure Science Center is also home to the state-of-the-art Sudekum Planetarium! Guests of all ages can be swept away under the stars and explore landscapes in our galaxy and beyond!
8. Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum
📍 401 Gay St
The Musicians Hall of Fame honors musicians of all instruments and genres who have accomplished notable milestones in the music industry. Located within the museum and included in the admission price is the immersive GRAMMY Museum Gallery. Guests can see for themselves what goes on behind-the-scenes in a recording studio, from songwriting and recording to engineering and producing!
9. Tennessee State Museum
📍 1000 Rosa L Parks Blvd
The Tennessee State Museum is home to 13,000 years of Tennessee art and history. If you're a tri-star state fan, or just a history buff, this is the museum for you!
The museum features a "Tennessee Time Tunnel," six permanent exhibition, a hands-on Children's Gallery, and a digital learning center.
Photo courtesy of Tennessee State Museum
10. National Museum of African American Music
Photo courtesy of National Museum of African American Music
There's no shortage of music museums and memorabilia in Nashville! For more cultural enrichment, check out the National Museum of African American Music. From classical to country, jazz and hip hop, the museum exhibits share the untold story of more than 50 music genres, as well as the role black artists played in shaping American music.
A post shared by Hatch Show Print Est. 1879 (@hatchshowprint)
11. Hatch Show Print
Hatch Show Print is one of America's oldest letterpress poster shops, operating since 1879. The shop produces original art, creating posters for entertainers to sports teams. Check out their stuff and maybe purchase a print of your own! It may be smaller than other Nashville museums, but it's definitely worth a visit!
12. Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame
📍 501 Broadway Bridgestone Arena
Photo courtesy of Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame
Established in 1966, The Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation of Tennessee's sports heritage. With vintage uniforms and artifacts, the museum honors athletes, coaches, sportswriters, and administrators who have made an impact on Tennessee sports history. The Hall is located in Bridgestone Arena where the Nashville Predators hockey team plays.
A post shared by Patsy Cline Museum (@patsyclinemuseum)
13. The Patsy Cline Museum
📍 119 Third Avenue South, Second Level
Last, but certainly not least, is The Patsy Cline Museum. Though she passed away at 30 years old in 1963, Patsy Cline left a lasting imprint on country history. This Nashville museum celebrates the life of the legendary singer and features hundreds of exclusive artifacts and personal belongings.
As you can see, Nashville has plenty of museums that are worth a visit!
What is the best activity to try next after exploring the city's history? Playing The Escape Game! There are three different locations, and exclusive games, around Nashville.
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text:
You are here: > Audio > TV audio soundtracks > TV episode audio soundtracks > The Daleks' Master Plan
The Daleks' Master Plan
No. 17 of 57 in the TV episode audio soundtracks series
Starring: William Hartnell, Peter Purves, Adrienne Hill & Nicholas Courtney
By: Terry Nation & Dennis Spooner
Rating: 9 (54 votes) Vote here
Review: A true Masterpiece Read more (3 in total)
Editions: UK (CD) | UK (MP3-CD) | UK (standard LP) | UK (limited LP)
Description: Audio soundtrack of the 1965 Doctor Who TV story of the same name, with linking narration by Peter Purves. Not to be confused with the novel reading of the same story released in 2011.
Edition: UK (CD)
Publisher: BBC Audio
Format: 5 x CD
Used: £22.00
Note: Also includes bonus data content on one of the CDs: the un-narrated episodes in MP3 format, the full script in PDF format, and before-and-after restoration samples.
THE DALEKS THREATEN TO DESTROY THE FABRIC OF TIME ITSELF IN THIS EXCLUSIVE RECORDING OF AN EPIC 'LOST' ADVENTURE, STARRING WILLIAM HARTNELL WITH LINKING NARRATION BY PETER PURVES
'We at this table pledge our allegiance to the Dalek cause. Our armies will reduce the galaxies to ashes, their people to dust. And Earth we will conquer first!'
In their quest to gain control of the Solar System, the Daleks have taken posession of the Time Destructor, a weapon which threatens the safety of all who stand in their way. They have formed an alliance with the Outer Galaxies, all of them bent on destroying the human race, and called a council of delegates to their base on the planet Kembel. In their midst is none other than Mavic Chen, treacherous Guardian of the Solar System.
When the Doctor learns the extent of the Daleks' plan, he steals the taranium core which powers the weapon — without it their conquest cannot begin. Together with two agents of the 41st Century's Space Security Service, the TARDIS crew is pursued across volcanos and deserts, through jungles and futuristic cities, and to London, Egypt and even Hollywood. As the Daleks close in and the stakes become progressively higher, allies and enemies are won and lost. Shockingly, not all of the Doctor's companions will escape with their lives...
Also included in this release is Mission To The Unknown, a single episode 'teaser' which sets the scene for the incredible twelve-part adventure.
Edition: UK (MP3-CD)
Released: April 2003
Format: 1 x MP3-CD
(Not currently available)
(Unable to fetch price)
Note: Does not contain the bonus data content included on the CD edition.
The Daleks threaten to destroy the fabric of time itself in this exclusive recording of an epic lost adventure starring William Hartnell, with linking narration by Peter Purves.
The Daleks have taken possesion of the Time Destructor, a weapon which threatens the safety of all who stand in their way. They have formed an alliance with the Outer Galaxies, all of them bent on destroying the human race, and called a council of delegates to the planet Kembel. In their midst is Mavic Chen, treacherous Guardian of the Solar System.
Also on this MP3 CD is Mission to the Unknown, a single episode teaser which sets the scene for the incredible twelve-part adventure.
Edition: UK (standard LP)
Released: March 2019
Publisher: Demon Records
ISBN: None
Format: 7 x LP
Used: £142.94
Note: Pressed on blue vinyl. The "prequel" episode Mission to the Unknown is included as one of the seven discs but only takes up one side — the reverse is etched with a TARDIS design.
Edition: UK (limited LP)
New: £111.63
Note: Amazon-exclusive edition of 1,000 copies. The difference is that the discs are instead pressed on orange "splatter" vinyl and the rear of the Mission to the Unknown disc contains a Dalek etched design.


text:
Q: Is my code stopping NON duplicates from being entered into a table? I am developing an application to use JSON data that is regularly topped up with fresh JSON data via a Delphi application I'm also writing. I have a SP to import this information, copied here:
USE [CMUtility]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_Import_CareAlerts]    Script Date: 13/02/2020 09:08:40 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- ===========================================================================================
-- Author:      Me
-- Create date: 02/12/2019
-- ===========================================================================================
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_Import_CareAlerts]
    -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
    @home_name nvarchar(50)
AS
BEGIN
    -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
    -- interfering with SELECT statements.
    SET NOCOUNT ON

    DECLARE @FILEPATH NVARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)

    SET @FILEPATH = 'C:\Users\User\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Projects\CMServer\Win32\Debug\CareAlertsReport-'+@home_name+'.json'
    SET @SQL = 'DECLARE @JSON VARCHAR(MAX) SELECT @JSON = BULKCOLUMN FROM OPENROWSET(BULK '''+@FILEPATH+''', SINGLE_CLOB) AS j; '

    IF OBJECT_id(QuoteName('CareAlerts-'+@home_name)) IS NOT NULL
    BEGIN
        SET @SQL = @SQL +'BEGIN TRY INSERT INTO '+QuoteName('CareAlerts-'+@home_name)+' SELECT j2.*, j3.Day, j4.*, ''0'' as Deleted '
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        SET @SQL = @SQL + 'BEGIN TRY SELECT j2.*, j3.Day, j4.*, ''0'' as Deleted INTO '+QuoteName('CareAlerts-'+@home_name)
    END

    set @SQL = @SQL + '
        FROM OPENJSON(@JSON)
        WITH
        (
            ........)STUFF EDITED HERE BECAUSE NOT IMPORTANT
        )

    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH PRINT ''Duplicate records attempted: ''+ERROR_MESSAGE( ) --catches error message and adds to Messages, without tripping up the code
    END CATCH

    IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc --checks to see if there is already a unique constraint and adds if necessary
    inner join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE cu
        on cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
    where
    tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = ''UNIQUE''
    and tc.TABLE_NAME = '+QuoteName('CareAlerts-'+@home_name, char(39))+'
    and cu.COLUMN_NAME like ''%Day%'') = 0
    BEGIN
        ALTER TABLE '+QuoteName('CareAlerts-'+@home_name)+' ADD CONSTRAINT U_NAMECAs UNIQUE(Day, CareNote, AlertTypeEnum, OccurredWhen, ConnectionID);
    END'

I then run this in order to import the JSON. However, there will be occasion where there will be some duplicate rows in addition to non-duplicated information, but my code is basically stopping either of them being entered.
I'm assuming there is a more elegant way of accomplishing this without the need to rewrite all my code, but I am still new(ish) to this and could use some help. I've read that maybe a temp table would work to put the fresh import in, and then do a distinct insert, but I'm not sure how it would work for MY code.
Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks

Ant

A: So I added did a few things:
1) Changed the top of the SP to import everything to a temporary holding table (and removing the bit about insert or select into)
2) Once at the end of my import, added the following.
SET @SQL1 = 'INSERT INTO '+QuoteName('Residents-'+@home_name) +'
SELECT * FROM [ResidentsDUMP] RD
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM '+QuoteName('Residents-'+@home_name)+' R
WHERE RD.PersonID = R.PersonID)'

Seemed very simple to do, yet I couldn't work out why the extra resident I'd placed in the JSON file to test still wasn't showing...then I realised I had left the PersonID value the same for both the original and extra resident, so of course it wouldn't show. Idiot!
Anyway, I'm sure there are plenty of other ones like this on here, but that was my experience.
Cheers


Originally Posted by kdogg69er. Does anybody else on this forum own this computer? Local Loopback inet addr: Likewise the last upgrade to I think it was 2. April 27th, 7. SET failed on device wlan0 ; No such device.
This book contains many real life examples derived from the author's experience as a Linux system ateros network administrator, trainer and consultant. Registration is quick, simple and absolutely free. Originally Posted by kdogg69er i am using wireless, i use a laptop.
The time now is Hope this helps Cheers Richard. It connects OK in windows, help please.
The procedure I linked too before worked perfectly for me and it also says that when he blacklisted the driver it didn't work. December 15th, 4. Find More Posts by lupusarcanus.
No such device root bt: Visit the following links: Block out your IP address. If you need to reset your password, click here.
VMware PCI bridge rev 02 All times are GMT Welcome to the most active Linux Forum on the web. Post the output of "lspci" again. Join Date Dec Beans 5. Intrepid The main hassle with this qtheros that each time there is a kernal update you need to redo the whole process.
December 13th, 3. Join our community today!
Type in "lspci" and post the output here. Ubuntu Forums Code of Conduct. Are you new to LinuxQuestions. Type in "ifconfig -a" and post the output here. Its a pain but we have got around it with the following link: What is wrong with it?
Has anybody figured out exactly how to gain wifi access with this particular computer? Results 1 to 8 of 8.
For more advanced trainees it can be a desktop 5070eg, and a collection of the base knowledge needed to proceed with system and network administration.
Page 1 of 2. Upgrade to Jaunty and it works out of the box!!!! I have the same exact card We will need to know the problem first, before we can start fixing it What Linux distribution are you using? Wonderful no more recompiling!!!! April 26th, 6.


Student travel like no other. Education. Travel. Philanthropy.
Rustic Pathways was voted the best Youth Travel Operator in 2018 for the third time in four years by the World Youth and Student Travel Conference.
"My experience with rustic was life changing. I grew so much as a person and met people that would become my friends for life. I know it sounds cheesy but I found a second family on my trip."
Create a story about how Myanmar is changing during this Critical Issues program.
Discover the beauty of southern Thailand's pristine islands.
"So amazing experiencing another culture. Very safe, well organized and fun!!! I will be taking another trip next summer!"
"The week consisted of misty mountains, muddy shoes, and meaningful conversations with lots of laughs in between."


text:
Ricky Grace's Girls Academy helps Indigenous girls become tomorrow's leaders
By Briana Shepherd
Posted Sat 9 Mar 2019 at 10:20pm Saturday 9 Mar 2019 at 10:20pm Sat 9 Mar 2019 at 10:20pm
Christal Quartermaine fell pregnant with her son "Junior" when she was in Year 11. (ABC News: Briana Shepherd)
abc.net.au/news/how-ricky-grace-girls-academy-helped-christal-quartermain/10881318
Christal Quartermaine was 15 years old when her 13-year-old sister took her own life, just four days before her birthday.
The Girls Academy was founded in 2004 by basketballer Ricky Grace
It is a network of mentors set up to empower young Indigenous girls
It now operates in 46 schools nationally, and has a 97 per cent graduation rate
"You don't ever get over losing someone in that sense," Ms Quartermaine said.
As the oldest of five girls, now four, Ms Quartermaine had little time to deal with her grief.
"I did have to step up," she said.
"My mum was finding it hard losing a child and I was finding it hard at losing a sister, but there were still three other siblings that I had to worry about."
Ms Quartermaine worked during the school holidays at a bank to help support her family.
Little more than a year later she fell pregnant while in Year 11 at school.
"The hardest part was still dealing with losing my sister and then, you know, you're going to have a kid," she said.
Lifeline on 13 11 14
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As a student at Clontarf Aboriginal College, a Catholic school in Waterford in Perth's south, Ms Quartermaine thought her academic life was over.
But the college, along with her mother, were insistent she finish school.
"You don't see many pregnant students at a Catholic school and at first I didn't think I could do it," she said.
"But they more or less said 'why do all these years and then not graduate', you know, not get anything out of it?"
'The Girls Academy really turned me around'
The 19-year-old now works full time at Catholic Education Western Australia, on a traineeship as an administrative assistant in the religious education and faith formation team.
She lives with her partner, Kenneth, and their two-year-old son also named Kenneth, but who goes by the name "Junior".
"Making time for Junior and making time for the relationship me and his dad have, and working full time … it's a bit full on but I couldn't imagine it not being like this at the moment," she said.
Ms Quartermaine said had it not been for the support of her school and in particular the Girls Academy — a not-for-profit charitable organisation that places mentors and role models at schools — she did not think she would have made it through.
Kristel Cooke said the Girls Academy was about showing the girls the world was their oyster. (ABC News: Briana Shepherd)
"I don't like to go out there and tell everyone my problems or whatever, but the Girls Academy really turned me around," she said.
"They connected with me because one of the ladies loved sport so we got talking and I sort of let them know why I had these walls up, why I didn't like communicating with people, because if you let people in you don't know how they're going to use that information.
"We made that relationship … it was much more than just a teacher-student … they were like friends."
Finding the leaders of tomorrow
Founded in WA in 2004 by basketballer and former captain of the Perth Wildcats, Ricky Grace, the Girls Academy now runs out of 46 schools across the nation.
Girls Academy founder and former Perth Wildcat Ricky Grace. (ABC News: Samuel Yang)
Indigenous or Torres Strait Islander women make up 70 per cent of staff, an element that Krystal Cooke, Girls Academy development officer at Clontarf, said was integral to the program's success.
"I'm Aboriginal, I'm a young Indigenous woman, I'm Noongar and also half Yamatji, and I've got ties to the Kimberleys," she said.
"I was raised by a strong black woman — my mum was a school teacher — and I've had the exposure of all types of communities and country towns and stuff, so I feel like I have that connection.
"It's about empowering young Indigenous girls to be the leaders of the future.
"It's not only being a role model for them but it's also being someone that they can rely on."
Last year 97 per cent of the Girls Academy year 12 students graduated, and of its 2017 cohort, 84 per cent went on to further their education or gain employment.
Girls Academy regional manager Narelle Henry said it was inspiring working with so many women all driven towards the same goal.
Girls Academy WA regional manager Narelle Henry (right) said it was inspiring to work with driven women. (ABC News: Briana Shepherd)
"I don't think right now for Indigenous women it is the norm, that they need to graduate," Ms Henry said.
"It has to be.
"We look at our mission: 'Develop a Girl, Change a Community', I mean we're aiming for about 3,500 students at the end of 2019.
"Going from 30 to 3,500, I mean that's 3,500 opportunities to change a community and to make the space better for, not just Indigenous women, but women as well."
Focused on the future
Ms Quartermaine is one of many success stories for the Girls Academy and while for now she was focused on providing for her son, she planned to continue her studies in the future.
Ms Quartermaine is focusing on her son, who is almost two years old. (ABC News: Briana Shepherd)
"I would like to work in mental health services, especially for Aboriginal communities," she said.
"We saw this year, six kids under the age of 15 committed suicide in two weeks.
"I think when you go through it, it's different to [be] just witnessing it, so I might be able to connect in ways others can't."
And while the loss of her younger sister would remain with her forever, the 19-year-old has made the decision not to live in the past.
"You can't change anything that's happened, you know, you've just got to be accepting of it.
"If I could go back then that might not have happened but then I might not have had Junior, you know, and that's the way that I look at it now."
Posted 9 Mar 2019 9 Mar 2019 Sat 9 Mar 2019 at 10:20pm
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Many of the country's leading health equity researchers, practitioners and advocates were interviewed during the making of UNNNATURAL CAUSES, including the following key individuals (*appears in documentary):
(For a complete list of scholars interviewed for the film, please see the episode production credits.)
*Margarita Alegría, director of the Center for Multicultural Mental Health Research (www.multiculturalmentalhealth.org) at Cambridge Health Alliance, is the principal investigator for two large-scale studies on Latino health, including the National Latino and Asian American Study (NIMH).
Hortensia Amaro, director of the Center for Urban Health Research and Distinguished Professor, Bouve School of Health Sciences at Northeastern University, is vice chair of the board of the Boston Public Health Commission, and has been principal investigator on numerous studies investigating HIV/AIDs, substance abuse and mental health issues among women.
Lisa Berkman, Cabot professor of public policy / epidemiology and chair, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health at the Harvard School of Public Health, is a social epidemiologist whose work focuses extensively on psychosocial influences on health outcomes. The majority of her work is devoted to identifying the role of social networks and support in predicting declines in physical and cognitive functioning, onset of disease and mortality, especially related to cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.
Stephen Bezruchka, MD, is an emergency room physician and founder of the Population Health Forum (http://depts.washington.edu/eqhlth), an organization of health activists working to promote awareness and dialogue about the impact of social inequities on health. He also lectures in the University of Washington Department of Health Services.
*Angela Glover Blackwell is founder and CEO of PolicyLink, an Oakland-based research and advocacy organization advancing economic and social equity. She is a renowned community activist and expert on race, policy and neighborhood revitalization (www.policylink.org).
*Harvey Brenner, professor emeritus of Johns Hopkins University and chair of the University of North Texas School of Public Health, has tracked the relationship between unemployment and death rates for 30 years.
*Sheldon Cohen, Robert E. Doherty professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, has conducted rhino-virus experiments that explore the role of social and environmental stress on health and well-being.
*James Collins, MD, and *Richard David, MD, are neonatologists in Chicago whose studies, including one comparing birth outcomes in the U.S. among African-born, African American, and white women, point to racism – not genetics – as a key risk factor.
*Ana Diez-Roux, MD, is a University of Michigan epidemiologist and a leading expert on neighborhoods and health.
*Carol Hogue and *Fleda Jackson are principal investigators on a multi-year project exploring ways to measure stress among African American women. Hogue directs the Women's and Children's Center, Rollings School of Public Health at Emory University and Jackson is a visiting assistant professor with the center.
*Anthony Iton, MD, director of the Alameda County Public Health Department (CA), is helping shift public health practice to tackle the root causes of health inequities. His survey found that recent Latino immigrants, although poor, have the best health in the county, but their health status deteriorates the longer they are here.
*Camara P. Jones, MD, is research director on social determinants of health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). She is pioneering ways to measure racism and investigate the structural causes of health inequities.
*Ichiro Kawachi, MD, director, Harvard Center for Society and Health (www.hsph.harvard.edu/centers-institutes/society-and-health), Harvard School of Public Health, has authored or co-authored several books linking larger social forces such as income inequality to population health.
*Jim Yong Kim, MD, is an expert on tuberculosis, chief of the Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and François-Xavier Bagnoud Professor of health and human rights, Harvard University School of Public Health. He co-founded Partners in Health (www.pih.org).
*James Krieger, MD, is director of epidemiology, planning and evaluation, Seattle-King County Public Health Department, and one of visionaries behind the new High Point mixed-income neighborhood in West Seattle.
*Nancy Krieger, professor of society, human development and health, Harvard School of Public Health, is an international leader in social epidemiology whose research explores the links between social justice and public health.
*Steve Larson, MD, worked with the Kennett Square Mexican community in the early 1990s. During his career he has treated and researched thousands of Latino immigrants.
*Michael Lu, MD, is an obstetrician and gynecologist at UCLA. His "lifecourse perspective" suggests that the added stress burden of racism over a lifetime, not just during pregnancy, increases the risk of pre-term labor.
*Sir Michael Marmot is chair of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, professor at University College London, and principal investigator of the groundbreaking Whitehall II Studies of British civil servants, which link occupational status to health risks. He is also author of The Status Syndrome.
*Bruce McEwen is Albert E. Mirsky professor and head of the Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University. His lab explores the long-term impact of stress and stress hormones on the brain and on immune function.
*Neal Palafox, MD, is a University of Hawaii professor and family practitioner who researches health issues affecting Pacific Islanders.
*Richard Price, psychologist, directs the University of Michigan Prevention Research Center, which is a national resource on the connections between employment conditions, economic stress and health (www.isr.umich.edu/src/seh/mprc).
Dennis Raphael is professor at the School of Health Policy and Management at York University in Toronto, Canada, and a member of the advisory committee for Canada's National Collaborating Center on the Determinants of Health. He is editor of Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives and author of Poverty and Policy in Canada: Implications for Health and Quality of Life.
*Carol Shively is professor of pathology, Wake Forest University Bowman School of Medicine and professor of psychology, and studies social hierarchy and health in macaque monkeys.
*Jack Shonkoff, MD, Julius B. Richmond FAMRI professor of child health and development, Harvard School of Public Health; director, Center for the Developing Child (www.developingchild.harvard.edu) and chairs the National Scientific Council for the Developing Child.
*S. Leonard Syme is professor of epidemiology (Emeritus), School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, principal investigator of the Youth Empowerment Strategies Project (YES!), and many other studies.
*Adewale Troutman, MD, is director of Louisville Metro Public Health and Wellness and founder of the Louisville Center for Health Equity (www.louisvilleky.gov/health/equity).
*William Vega is professor of psychiatry at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and principal investigator on a national study of drug use and risk factors for Latino youth.
*Donald Warne, MD, comes from an Oglala Lakota family of traditional healers and is a Harvard-trained doctor, a professor of law at Arizona State University and an expert on American Indian health policy.
*David R. Williams, Norman professor of public health, Harvard University School of Public Health, and executive director, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America, is one of the country's leading authorities on health inequities.