Only aunties can love you like a mom, keep secrets like a true sister and can become a true friend. Wish your aunt with Good Morning Quotes every morning. Let her also remember you. we have collection of Some Good Morning Quotes,Wishes,Shayaris,Messages for Aunt.
You believe in certain people cross your life as a guardian but some can't be explained off like aunt. Share Good Morning Quotes with Aunt and show your care, strength. We have collection of Some Cute Good Morning Quotes, SMS, Messages, Wishes for Aunt.
Sweet smile, a bright day, hope everything is great for you today! Good morning!
When you wake up in the morning, our blessing begins. A bright sun shines, welcome to a new morning and a new day.
My aunt is an important pillar in the structure of my life.
Dear aunt … I may inherit my mother's grace and my father's intelligence. But I succeeded your ability and made the most of what I have.
Dear aunt … You are fighting from parents, minus from brothers, not committing sin, betraying from friends, treachery, deducting sermons from leaders.
God's love will make your life bright, his kindness will push you into his presence and let him be your leader when you travel the way of life. Good morning.
I believe there should be a better way to get up every morning … rather than get up every morning.
Forget Superman. I have SuperAunt. Good morning.
Some people don't believe in superwomen until they didn't see my aunt. Send them Good Morning Quotes every morning. We have collection of Best Good Morning Quotes, Wishes, Messages for Aunt.
I ruined me who was always rotten, so I never forgot to have grandparents.
I wish a year filled with love, friendship, and endless blessings. You deserve all of them.
You are an elder for me, you were always my friend, so I never understood the meaning of the phrase generation gap.
Everyone is as cool as your aunt's cool. You lock!
Dear aunt … I thank you for being a parent who can share all my secrets.
You may not be my mother, but you showed me the love and care of mother for many years. Thank you for hugging me tightly during this difficult time. You are the best lady.
It is very easy. I love my aunt.
Once a year, I remember how lucky you are to have you in my life. Today, I am considering all the blessings I have received over the years. Thank you from the bottom of my heart. I would like a great future.
Dear aunt, you are a mother who is never scolded, a close friend never betrayed.
Thanks to you I am loved and thankful. Thanks to you, I become confident and strong. And most importantly, I know how to make the best chocolate cake, thanks to you.
The aunt is a women in the child's life that will always be there: through moves, and changes, ups and downs.Wish your aunt by sharing Good Morning Quotes and show them how Valuable she is for you. We have collection of some Amazing Good Morning Quotes, messages, Shayaris for Aunt.
By blood, you may be my aunt, but became my best friend by the spirit. You and your wonderful day are here!
Mommy – Nagging = Aunt.
Look! The best aunt around got just 1 year old and much better than the whole a lot!
Aunt is like a pillow – necessary, comfortable, soft.
My soul of my aunt – my sister has a place here! Peace, love, and good-looking women!
There are many things my parents wanted to be different in my childhood. But being pleased that my parents did not do different things was to appoint you as my big parents.
Very few people can say that you are surprisingly blessed with my aunt. You will let love and hope and faith be exuded in everything you do. Please praise God for you and your bright future.
If you were not a member of a large family, everything was all crazy now.
From the story Mom says, you always know what surprised you. I know you and I am blessed like you are in my life.
My aunt like you is perfect for my niece like me. I thank Heaven who made you part of my destiny.
Being a sister is an honour but being an aunt is priceless.Wish your aunt every morning and show her how much get strength with him.We also have collection of Good Morning Quotes for Mother.


Maltseva D. V., Karpov I.
Our research focuses at the structure of a research community of Russian scientists involved into network studies, which is studied by means of analysis of articles published in Russian-language journals. The direction of network studies in Russia is quite new form of research methodology - however, in recent years we can observe the growing number of scientists working at this direction and institutionalized forms of their cooperation. Studying the structure of these researchers` community is important for the field's development. This paper is the first report on the research, that is why it focuses on methodological issues. It covers the description of method of citation (reference) analysis that we use and the process on data collection from eLibrary.ru resource, as well as present some brief overview of collected data (based on analysis of 8,000 papers). It is concluded by representation of future steps of the research.
Edited by: V. A. Kalyagin, A. I. Nikolaev, P. M. Pardalos et al. Vol. 197. Springer, 2017.


Background and purpose: There has been no objective evaluation of the rate of medical errors in Ïran it seems a disproportionate attitude is the main hindrance to reporting of such errors. Çonsidering the role of the chief managers in executive functioning of every institution, this study has been carried out with the aim of surveying the attitude of chief managers of Mazandaran Üniversity of Medical Sciences towards voluntary report of medical errors.
Materials and methods: Ïn this descriptive cross-sectional study, chiefs, managers, chief nurses, supervisors and head-nurses from 32 hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran Üniversity of Medical Sciences took part. Â self-sufficing questionnaire in two sections containing closed questions, in order to determine experience of medical errors and also to study their attitude towards voluntary report system of medical errors in hospitals was implemented. The questionnaire was based on a review of studies and had validity and reliability of 79% in a pilot study.
Results: Ïn this study, out of 278 (54 %) of questionnaires collected, 110 (39.6%) managers had experienced medical error, 190 (%68.4) stated that in the hospital they work, errors are reported. Most chief managers (%95.7) thought that reporting the medical errors would improve patient safety. 89.6 % of the managers suggested the need for a different approach in executive policies. Majority of responders (%85) disagreed with an absolute punishment policy, in case of a medical error.
Çonclusion: Most hospital managers are in favor of a system for reporting and analyzing the medical errors. Ït seems that establishing a systematic and non-individual reporting and assessing the errors is a crucial step forward.


Zuczag advertisement, iLook Magazine, January 2014.
There wasn't a formulaic pattern for how the dangling leather strips were woven through the front of the skirt; the pattern was instead determined by the designer's eye. It was between this process, and the leather's treatment, laser cutting, and folding, that the skirt passed through the five production locations.
"This skirt is a complicated piece to design and produce," Chinese fashion designer Qiu Hao explained to me.1 By the time it is swinging on hot hips along the Shanghai streets, it will have circulated five local textile and garment manufacturing factories. The designer used a specialized leather-folding technique; the strips of leather were not left with a raw underneath after being laser cut from the hide (as might be seen on a typical mid-Western American cowboy fringed leather jacket), but rather the sides were folded over and pressed down. This creates a jangling needle effect, as the leather strips rustle with a slick, determined sound. And it means the strips won't soften as they are exposed to grease and moisture over time, because the outer facing surfaces of the leather strips are the treated, outer hide.
Since the 1990s, Chinese textile and garment manufacturing factories have predominantly been interested in working to deliver to the big quantity, low price model demanded by Western fashion design companies. When Qiu Hao started his prêt-á-porter line Neither Nor in 2001, it was difficult for a small-volume Chinese business like his to even get his clothing designs produced at all.
One big production house in particular, with technically skilled workers and specialist equipment that can produce high-spec garment designs like Qiu Hao's fringed leather women's skirt, caters to big volume global high fashion brands such as Céline, Nina Ricci, Balenciaga, and Alexander Wang. As of 2014, QIUHAO is the only Chinese fashion design brand that they will do work for, and Qiu Hao has personally worked hard to establish this business relationship. "I re-educate them. So I explain to them what I am doing, what the future will become, and I pay extra money—this is about making them interested in working with my business."3 The designer even invites influential people from the production house to his fashion shows, to show them explicitly how the innovative production requests he makes materialize. He feels this has been successful in overcoming the skepticism he used to encounter when he made production requests that hadn't been tried before or copied from the Western brands.
Likewise, in order to get his designs produced, Qiu Hao is squeezing in small orders with factories by developing relationships and by sharing in the creative and innovation process with the garment manufacturers. He is navigating the demands of the fashion industry by engaging in small, sporadic acts of exchange that allow him to access important resources, and therefore he is transforming the typical "market relations" of globalization into "intimate relations" of kin or culture.5 In doing this, he gets business done, but—more importantly, I think—he is educating the production houses on how to innovate, by taking a local, personal approach: He is generating innovation exchange.


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Q: ngrok forwarding link has wrong format I used ngrok and got a normal(working) link, but the next day got (not once) a different link format. What does that link mean?
Web Interface                 http://127.0.0.1:4040
Forwarding                    https://1a38-2600-1700-880-be80-78c9-a061-2103-62a

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I'm not going to be able to get through all the Halloween catch-up posts I wanted to add so, if you're interested in more Feral Wallpapers, Why Fidelity's, and Spooky Tales of Chilling Terror check out the complete collection of Halloween podcasts at Monster Rally.
And a special thank you to all of this years amazing Halloween bloggers - check out the blogroll at Monster Rally for just a partial list of this year's coolest trick or treaters.
New for 2007 - the latest installment of uneasy listening from your fiend and mine Prof. Ravensdeath!
7. Main Title Theme from "Ghostbusters"
I managed to scrounge a few more quarters from beneath the sofa cushions and my little one's tooth fairy box to resurrect Senses Working Overtime just as the final days of our annual Halloween countdown drop away.
While this blog's been down I've been doing some light posting at Monster Rally. I won't repost everything but the next few posts will cover some of the new material I managed to get up over there.
Prof. Ravensdeath's Feral Wallpaper Vol 3 " It's Only a Movie!!!


Atom Tickets, the first-of-its-kind theatrical mobile ticketing platform and app, today announced that visionary filmmakersSteven Spielberg, J.J. Abrams, and Tyler Perry have joined its newly formed advisory board. The board will serve as a resource to Atom Tickets as it continues to bring the most innovative and convenient theatrical movie experiences to consumers.
"The formation of the Atom Tickets advisory board underscores our commitment to building the best product and experience available to movie-goers," said Matthew Bakal, co-founder and Executive Chairman of Atom Tickets. "We are extremely fortunate to have industry leaders Steven Spielberg, J.J. Abrams, and Tyler Perry as the first members of our advisory board. As we build a company that is enhancing the movie-going experience, we are grateful to have the opportunity to seek their deep experience and knowledge in the motion picture industry."
"Our hopes are that Atom Tickets triggers a social movie-going revolution. This is a big win for anyone who loves going to the movies with his or her friends," says Steven Spielberg.
"The best ideas are the ones you can't believe don't exist already. Atom Tickets makes going to the movies with your friends easy, fun and more affordable. It's the app that studios, exhibitors and moviegoers didn't know they needed," says J.J. Abrams.
"Atom Tickets is a game changer for anyone who loves going to the movies, making it an easier, more fun and more social experience," says Tyler Perry.
Atom Tickets will look to announce additional members to the advisory board next year.
Atom Tickets reimagines the most convenient way for users to plan a night out at the movies. Available for free on the Apple App Store and Google Play, the app provides relevant reviews, trailers and synopses to help customers make the best decision on what to see. Moviegoers may then invite friends (via Facebook or their contact lists) to purchase their own tickets to join them. Atom Tickets enables seamless ordering of tickets and concessions from any Android or iOS phone. At the theater, consumers go directly to the ushers and concession counters, where they simply scan a QR code at tablet kiosks. Paper tickets and IOUs have been replaced by Atom's innovative platform, which keeps all plans, messaging, payment and tickets in one place.
Atom Tickets is the first-of-its-kind theatrical mobile ticketing platform. Through its patent pending recommendation and personalization technology, Atom Tickets allows consumers to search for films instantly, invite friends, buy tickets, pre-order concessions and more. Enabled on over 15,000 screens across the U.S., the platform's innovative marketing capabilities help studios, exhibitors and brands to maximize revenue opportunities. The free app is available in the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store. For more information, please visitwww.atomtickets.com.


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Najda – rodzaj ogniska skonstruowanego z dwóch dopasowanych do siebie bali drewnianych (ociosanych z jednej strony), położonych jeden na drugi (płaskimi ociosanymi stronami), między którymi umieszczano klin. W tak utworzoną szczelinę sypano rozżarzone węgle, które powodowały żarzenie całości przez ponad 9 godzin. Kloce powinny mieć średnicę 25-30 cm. Ten typ ogniska po rozpaleniu nie wymaga dalszych zabiegów i długo zapewnia ciepło. Najbardziej polecany do rozpalania między dużymi dwustronnymi zasłonami. Często stosowany w tajdze.

Inne sposoby tworzenia najdy
 Każdy z dwóch pni ociosujemy z jednej strony. Następnie kładziemy je na ziemi obciosanymi stronami do siebie. Rozsuwamy je i w powstałą szczelinę wsypujemy żar.
 Rozłupujemy kłodę na połowy. Jedną połówkę kładziemy na ziemi, płaską częścią do góry. Na niej w poprzek umieszczamy dwa grube kije, między które  wsypujemy żar. Całość przykrywamy drugą połówką.
 Robimy rowek głęboki na kilkanaście centymetrów i długi jak kłoda, którą chcemy zapalić. Do rowka wsypujemy żar, na którym umieszczamy kłodę.
 Układamy równolegle dwie dość spore kłody – suchą i surową. Na nich kładziemy trzecią kłodę, suchą i rozpalamy ogień. Drewno na kłodę suchą: drewno iglaste, na przykład sosna. Drewno na kłodę surową: twarde drewno liściaste, na przykład buk, klon, jesion itp.

Przypisy

Turystyka
Rozpalanie ognia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Real estate downturn could have consequences for Coquitlam rental construction
Below-market and purpose-built rental units are often tied to market condo developments
Townline confirmed to The Tri-City News this week that it would be temporarily postponing the sales launch of its Meridian project, a 38-storey highrise development located a block from Burquitlam Station.
A downturn in the residential real estate market could jeopardize some of the purpose-built and below-market rental units awaiting construction in the city of Coquitlam.
Coun. Dennis Marsden told The Tri-City News that because many rental units are provided through density incentives, they may be delayed if developers start putting the brakes on some of their projects.
"The affordable housing and the purpose-built rental, which we have been really looking to have, are tied to market projects," he said. "If there is a slowdown on the market project, it puts that rental component that we need in jeopardy."
Coquitlam Coun. Dennis Marsden - File Photo
Marsden's comments come after Townline announced it would be temporarily postponing the sales launch of its Meridian project in Burquitlam. The 38-storey highrise development, which is slated to be built a block from Burquitlam Station, includes 54 purpose-built and nine below-market rental units.
Chris Colbeck, vice-president of sales and marketing with Townline, told The News there has been a lot of interest in the 261-unit project but buyers are reluctant to make a commitment.
As a result, the company decided against moving the project to the pre-sale phase, Colbeck said, noting that a certain number of pre-sales are necessary to meet provincial regulations and lending requirements.
"When you put the brakes on the supply chain… what you get is an eventual supply crunch once the current inventories are absorbed, ultimately causing a run-up on market prices," Colbeck said in an email. "This applies to both market condos and desperately needed purpose-built rental units."
Townline's 38-storey proposed highrise development includes 54 purpose-built and nine below-market rental units. - File Photo
Townline's situation mirrors what has been seen in many parts of the Lower Mainland, according to Michael Ferreira, a real estate consultant with Urban Analytics. His most recent report found the number of new condos and townhouses sold in Metro Vancouver during the first quarter of 2019 fell 56% compared to the same time period last year — and it's the third lowest quarterly sales total since 2010.
"Given the unrelenting headwinds and storm clouds battering the residential market in Metro Vancouver over the past 12 to 18 months, the lower quarterly sales total in the first quarter of 2019 is not a surprise," he said.
Townline is not the only developer operating in Coquitlam that is closely analyzing sales figures.
Construction on the retail portion of a Beedie Living project on Austin Avenue is well underway and the company expects to begin building its east tower this summer. - File Photo
Houtan Raffi, a vice-president with Beedie Living, which is in the process of building a Safeway and two towers on Austin Avenue, acknowledged the market has softened. But he told The Tri-City News it is difficult to compare current real estate sales numbers to those from two years ago, when transactions hit record-breaking heights.
While he said the company believes the market is "adequately strong," Beedie is monitoring sales activity.
"When you have slower absorption, you have to be more mindful about the size of your projects and, of course, the phasing," he said.
As for how Beedie intends to move forward with its Safeway site project, Raffi said "time will tell." Construction on the retail portion of the project is well underway and the company said it expects to begin building its east tower this summer. Marketing for the west tower will commence in the fall or winter, he said.
When it is completed, the Beedie Living project on Austin Avenue will consist of two residential towers and a new Safeway store. - File Photo
The depth of the slowdown in residential development is still unclear.
Jim McIntyre, Coquitlam's general manager of planning and development, said statistics the city tracks are, so far, on pace with numbers from last year. For example, there have been 14 rezonings in 2019 compared to 15 during the same time period in 2018 while the number of building permits has fallen slightly, from 212 to 195.
But one figure McIntyre said he is keeping an eye on is pre-applications, which have fallen sharply, from 15 at this point in 2018 to five so far this year.
"To my mind, that is the canary in the coal mine," he said. "That indicates to me that there is a bit of easing up. There is uncertainty in the market."
A report from Cental 1 Credit Union states B.C. real estate sales will remain "marshmallow soft" for the rest of the year. - File Photo
How long the real estate downturn will last is still an open question.
According to a forecast published by Central 1 Credit Union this week, home sales in B.C. will remain "marshmallow soft" for the rest of the year, with an 11% decline over 2018.
But when things begin to turn around, McIntyre said developers want to be "launch ready."
He added that the last time the real estate industry experienced a downturn, developers may have been too quick to pull the plug on their projects.
"Everything just ground to a halt," he said, noting that led to delays when sales picked up again. "When the market turned around they had to dust off their projects… Sometimes that took a bit of time."
*An earlier version of this story indicated that Townline had already commenced pre-sales on their Meridian project in Coquitlam. However, the company had only started registering customers and had yet to commence the pre-sale process.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What is the maximum capacity of 1778 Events?
Our main room can accommodate up to 600 standing and 150 seated with round tables, 200 with rectangular tables.
The private Gallery room can accommodate up to 80 standing and approximately 50 seated.
What type of events do you host at 1778 Events?
What dates are available for rental?
Once the date availability has been confirmed, we require guest to sign a contract. A 50% deposit is also required to guarantee the date. The remaining balance is due the day before event. In some cases, a security deposit will be required, which is refunded within ten (10) business days after the event provided there are not damages to venue.
Additionally, if guest is requesting use of the kitchen there is a $500 deposit which is refunded within 10 days after the event, provided there is no damage and kitchen is left in clean and working condition. We accept payments via check (on deposit only, if paid 10 days prior to event), credit card and/or cash.
What is the rental fee for an event?
We will place your requested date on hold for up to one (1) week. If the event is not confirmed within that time frame, the date will be released and open for availability.
The only exclusive provider we have is our own in-house audio/visual technician for all sound, lighting and visual needs. You are welcome to use the vendors of your choosing provided they meet out building insurance requirements and are not a liability to our venue. You may also consult our list of preferred vendors.
It is not required. You have the option with working with our Event Planner. All outside event planners or coordinators must work directly with our Director of Events.
All remaining décor, marketing materials, personal items, etc must be removed from the space and consolidated for pick-up or shipping once your event is over. Any items that need to be shipped, must be taken out of the venue. We can not confirm availability of staffing and venue for any shipment pick-ups.
All rentals must be folded and stacked, and all items must be bagged and consolidated by the kitchen. All rentals scheduled for pick up must first be cleared by the venue Director of Events prior to drop off.
Any and all left over food must be packed and removed.
All boxes must be broken down and trash must be bagged at the end of the event.
We do require you to provide a Certificate of Insurance that covers your and your vendors. Your caterer must add the venue to their COI and provide the Director of Events with a copy of the COI prior to the start of the event.
We offer Valet for our premises. Self-Parking is also available as well as Street Parking.Valet is $20, Self-Parking is $10, and Street Parking is free.
You may set up as early as you would like based on availability, keeping in mind that your set-up time will be factored into your rental cost. Please consult with the Director of Events for specific load-in timing.
There is absolutely no smoking or vaping allowed inside the venue.
Yes. All guests required ADA access can enter and exit the venue through the loading doors in the main lobby. All bathrooms are also handicap accessible.
Can I put signs out in front of the venue?
This is allowed on a case-by-case basis and signage must be approved prior to event. Please consult the Director of Events.
Yes, we do offer and can accommodate a coat check. Please consult the Director of Events for staffing and pricing.
Can I bring in my own photographer/videographer?
Yes, you are more than welcomed to bring in your own photographer and/or videographer. All photographers and videographers must check in with the Director of Events or Event Manager prior to start of event.
Can I bring in a DJ?
You may bring in your own DJ; however, all DJ's must bring their own equipment.
Yes, we offer Street Parking (free), Self Parking $10, and Valet Parking ($20).


There are more women than men in Mitchell County, Iowa. Total population of Mitchell County, Iowa is estimated at 10,779 people with 5,334 male and 5,445 female. There are 111 more women than men in the county, which is 1.03% of the total population.
The Mitchell County, Iowa Gender Ratio is 98 men to 100 women (98:100) or 0.98. Mitchell County, Iowa's gender ratio is lower than the Iowa State average of 99 men to 100 women (99:100) or 0.99. The gender ratio is also higher than the national average of 97 men to 100 women (97:100) or 0.97.
Gender Ratios vary by age group as well as location. The table below shows the gender ratios breakdown in Mitchell County, Iowa by age.
Carpenter, Little Cedar, Mc Intire, Orchard, Osage, Saint Ansgar, Stacyville, and Toeterville.


Your mother is suffering from dementia .Dementia is the term used where a person has decline in cognitive function( eg memory) that impairs with activity of daily living.Most common causes of dementia are Alzheimer and vascular dementia next comes mixed dementia.You need to consult neurologist for detail neurological assesment and higher function test ,to categorize her to which class of dementia she belongs.She requires certain blood test to rule out reversible dementia.She requires MRI brain and EEG also.
Hi, Your mother is suffering from dementia .Dementia is the term used where a person has decline in cognitive function( eg memory) that impairs with activity of daily living.Most common causes of dementia are Alzheimer and vascular dementia next comes mixed dementia.You need to consult neurologist for detail neurological assesment and higher function test ,to categorize her to which class of dementia she belongs.She requires certain blood test to rule out reversible dementia.She requires MRI brain and EEG also.
Hi, my mother is 86 years old and has dementia. About five years ago she had her gallbladder removed, every since she has had stomach problems and in pain constantly. Ct scans, xrays and MRIs do not show anything wrong. She gets constipated regularly and is now dehydrated and not eating. What is being missed.
How can epiglottis and dementia be managed while suffering from Parkinson s disease?


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Q: QGIS 3.10.7 - Subscript/superscript in the legend text I'm trying to add subscript/superscript in the legend text of a layout in QGIS. I can do it in a simple text box just click on View as HTML and then using for example <sub> in order to write a subscript.
How could I do this in the legend text? I don't find anything to enable HTML on the legend property panel.


Friday morning I had the opportunity to do a 5 minute spot on Channel 15's morning show, Sonoran Living Live. Stephanie Sandoval was an absolute sweetheart to work with and loved the ideas that we came up with. I write, we because I had the help with the following vendors in creating the cute table designs. I want to personally thank the fabulously talented Diane & Melissa @ Table Tops, Etc., Cindy @ Tri-Rentals & and the miracle worker Karen @ BBJ Linen.
For a direct link to the website including my segment spot and the article written click here: Life Design Event Planning on Sonoran Living Live.
Also, Stephanie mentions at the beginning of the spot that I was featured planner of a show called, Party Momma's on the WE channel. I was on the show and it will aire at the end of July or beginning of August. It was an amazing experience and so fun! I will blog on that experience soon.


Education and skills are important prerequisites for faster economic and social development of a country. A skilled workforce is an asset and helps in ensuring enhanced productivity, adoption of new technology, global competitiveness, increased income and reduction of poverty. The East Asian countries achieved a higher growth path with adequate investment in skills development.
Social values form the basic foundation of a nation. The values define what is acceptable in a society and determine the behaviour of the people. Social values are however not static and can change over time based on what beliefs and attitudes people embrace as they move on.
Can we do something about Dhaka's unbearable noise pollution?
The alarmingly high level of noise pollution in Dhaka city calls for urgent attention of the authorities as well as the people at large.
The share of Bangladesh's urban population reached 35 percent in 2018 with a total urban population of about 58 million, which is expected to reach 80 million by 2030.
Child mortality reduction was a crucial aspect of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It is considered to be an important indicator of socioeconomic advancement under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Target 3.2 under Goal 3 of the SDGs calls for ending preventable deaths of newborns and children under five years of age.


I will keep this short and sweet as we have the Full Review + More photos to come (and i've got the flu, allow me).
Peep our festival highlights video below!
IN-REACH // HORIZON FESTIVAL HIGHLIGHTS from Inreachmag on Vimeo.
Lastly massive shouts to everyone we rolled with + met out there.
Special thanks to Skep, Chris, The Croxley lot, Family Creative, TFH, Fine Dining, OnRecord and of course the Horizon family.


Alice T. Saito, born Alice Tanaka in Kapaa, Kauai, passed peacefully at home with her son Richard by her side. Alice was an R.N. and a P.H.N. She is survived by her loving husband of 62 years, Yasuo; children Janice (Henry) Law, Ray (Sonya), Paul (Pam) and Richard Saito; and her 8 grandchildren. She is also survived by siblings Elaine Hirano, Abe (Ani) Tanaka, Gil (Fumi) Tanaka, Bernice Kashiwai and their children. Services will be on Friday, March, 27, 2015, 11 a.m. in Green Hills Memorial Chapel.


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Vietjet plans e-commerce foray as air travel competition heats up
Budget carrier aims to reach 'hundreds of millions of customers,' executive says.
Vietjet Vice President Nguyen Thi Thuy Binh said the platform will cover banking, insurance and other financial services, as well as hotels, consumer goods and more. (Photo by Ken Kobayashi)
Vietnamese budget carrier Vietjet Aviation plans to launch an e-commerce platform selling everything from financial services to consumer goods as it follows Malaysian peer AirAsia in seeking new ways to profit from customer data.
Vietjet aims to roll out the service within two years, in partnership with banks, hotels and other companies.
AirAsia, on the other hand, aims to establish an online travel and fintech platform primarily through its own subsidiaries. While AirAsia says it is investing $20 million a year in its diversification effort, Vietjet declined to specify how much it is spending on its initiative.
According to Vietjet Vice President Nguyen Thi Thuy Binh, budget carriers are looking to leverage their abundant consumer data to expand their reach beyond travel and into consumers' everyday lives.
"Following our concept of 'Consumer Airline,' we will have an e-commerce platform to serve not only air tickets but whatever they need," Binh told the Nikkei Asian Review on Monday. "All the suppliers and partners will join our platform to serve the products to not only our 30 million passengers but also hundreds of millions of customers in Vietnam and other parts of the world."
Binh said the platform will cover banking, insurance and other financial services, as well as hotels, consumer goods and more. The idea is for partner companies in such sectors to join Vietjet's platform and use blockchain technology to smoothly share transactions among themselves. Vietjet said it is already in talks with some companies.
Binh said the focus for now is on selling to passengers, whose number is expected to reach 30 million in 2019, up 30% from 2018. But after two years, she believes that passengers will not be the only ones using the platform. "We are integrating companies step by step to make the system richer."
Vietjet is attempting to bolster its ancillary revenue, which is derived from sales of non-ticket products and services, as rising fuel costs put pressure on its core transport business. The company's overall air travel revenue rose 28% on the year in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, while ancillary revenue alone grew 45%.
Vietjet's platform is already starting to take off. In June, the carrier tied up with HD Saison Finance -- a joint venture between HDBank, which has the same parent company as Vietjet, and Japan's Credit Saison -- to enable customers to buy any Vietjet air tickets using loans ranging from 2 million to 15 million dong ($85 to $642). No prepayment or salary confirmation is required.
This service provides a "good chance for people who don't have enough money to buy their tickets but who want to pre-book them in advance to get a promotion fare," Binh said. "It is a new way to buy a ticket, and is one of examples of integrations with our partners."
AirAsia already offers limited travel plans on its website and intends to expand its online services to include e-commerce and bookings with rival airlines. The carrier, which aims to carry more than 100 million passengers this year, has a similar motivation as Vietjet: to secure alternative revenue sources as profits tumble amid rising fuel costs and intensifying competition. CEO Tony Fernandes told the Nikkei Asian Review earlier this year that he intended to invest 100 million ringgit ($24.6 million) a year to turn AirAsia into a technology-led company.
Vietjet's Binh was in Tokyo to announce the launch of two new routes -- Ho Chi Minh City-Tokyo and Danang-Tokyo -- at a ceremony attended by Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc and high-ranking Japanese dignitaries.
The carrier has grown rapidly since its launch in December 2011 and currently operates 119 domestic and international routes with a fleet of nearly 80 aircraft. Vietnam's economy is growing at about 7%, giving its population of roughly 100 million more disposable income for travel.
However, competition is heating up. The country's flag carrier Vietnam Airlines and newcomer Bamboo Airways, which launched in January, have their sights set on direct flights to America following approval from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration earlier this year.
When asked about its own plans on this front, Binh said Vietjet is focusing on the domestic and other Asian markets, "where we already serve half of the population in the world." The company is, however, studying the feasibility of operating outside of Asia with a suitable fleet serving long-haul routes.
Vietjet agreed in February to buy an additional 100 Boeing 737 Max airplanes, on top of the 100 it had already ordered. Binh said the company is still waiting for official feedback from Boeing and U.S. and Vietnamese authorities on when the planes can return to service. The 737 Max was grounded globally after it was involved in two deadly crashes since last October. "We are adjusting the business plan not to bring this impact to passengers," Binh said, adding that the company will also receive aircraft from Airbus and international leasing companies.
Banks need solutions to raise long-term capital
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Government should hold controlling interest in only two banks
Huge difference in chartered capital of banks
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Growth of corporate bond investment
At the end of April 2019, the total assets and total chartered capital of banking and credit institutions stood at VND 11,214,000bn and VND 582,000bn, respectively. In which the state-owned banks constituted 44% and 25.6% of the total assets and total chartered capital of the system, while these numbers in commercial banks were 41.3% and 46.2%, respectively. However, looking deeply into the data, we see a big difference in assets and capital among banks.
Vietnam must build more national brands
China Sheds Millionaires as Slowdown Shaves Fortunes


We bolded that last sentence because it pretty much explains the predicament for AI. Until we more fundamentally understand that which we're trying to clone, everything else is an impressive attempt up Everest that never totally summits.
We've got a ways to go before machines are truly smart.
SOURCE: Why We Can't Yet Build True Artificial Intelligence, Explained In One Sentence – Yahoo Finance.
I seem to come across a lot of talk lately about how machines will eventually rule the world and the humans will become obsolete. Having lived a big part of my life in the software development area maybe I understand a little more than most how this worry is very much unfounded. We have nothing to worry about for probably centuries. We simply can't simulate something we really don't even understand in the first place. Plainly speaking artificial intelligence is not even yet on technology's radar screen.
When I first become interested in computer things back in the 1970s I purchased a TRS-80 personal computer and spent hours of my free time learning to program it. It costs a whopping $500 (that's about $3,000 in today's dollar). It had 16 kbytes of Ram and a 85k floppy disk (today's computers have about a million times more memory and storage). But even this gargantuan increase is still not even close to what the human mind is capable of doing.
Even when the hardware finally comes in the neighborhood of our minds we still have to write the programs to simulate our mental processes. That is something we still don't begin to understand. We got a long way to go before we have to be concerned with machines becoming smarter than their inventors if that is even possible….


On Friday, Pakistan - the recipient of billions of dollars in U.S. aid - released from house arrest Abdul Qadeer Khan, the nuclear scientist who for two decades ran a black market that sold nuclear-weapons technology to U.S. adversaries including Iran and Libya.
Two days earlier, Kyrgyzstan announced that it would not renew a U.S. lease at the Manas air base, a critical transshipment point in the Afghanistan war. Meanwhile, the Russians - who offered Kyrgyzstan $2 billion in cash and loans to oust the Americans - said that they intend to establish a new base in a breakaway enclave of Georgia, the country Moscow invaded over the summer in response to a Georgian assault on another enclave.
Michael Ledeen, a conservative foreign policy specialist at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, agreed that foreign leaders are watching Mr. Obama, on domestic as well as foreign issues.
"Everybody wants to figure him out. What is he? Who is he? It's obviously very important," Mr. Ledeen said.
A White House spokesman, Tommy Vietor, said the new White House expected to be tested.
The administration faces a number of serious challenges abroad, from drawing down troops in Iraq, stabilizing Afghanistan and Pakistan, and dealing with Iran's advancing nuclear program.
A new national security team is in the process of major policy reviews for Afghanistan and Pakistan, Iran and the war in Iraq, and is looking at how to proceed in the wider confrontation with al Qaeda.
Thus far, responses to foreign provocations have come largely from the podium.
The State Department, for example, chastised Russia for announcing its intention to build a navy base and two army bases in Abkhazia - a breakaway republic that Moscow has recognized as independent.
The U.S., which does not recognize Abkhazia's independence, said the commitment undermined prior pledges from Moscow to remove its troops from the territory of the former Soviet republic.
Speaking at a security conference in Europe on Saturday, Mr. Biden emphasized a change in tone sought by the Obama foreign policy team.
"I come to Europe on behalf of a new administration determined to set a new tone not only in Washington, but in America's relations around the world," he told the conference in Munich.
Mr. Biden did not answer directly when asked whether the Obama administration, like the Bush administration before it, would support Georgia's bid to join NATO.
Mr. Biden said in his speech that the administration was looking to "press the reset button" and cooperate with Russia where possible.
In contrast, the announcement last week that Kyrgyzstan was ejecting U.S. forces has, according to Pentagon and State Department officials, sparked a frenzied bidding war in an effort to buy back the leasing rights to Manas.
Any substantive policy changes toward Pakistan are awaiting the outcome of a trip to the region this week by Mr. Obama's representative for Pakistan and Afghanistan, Richard C. Holbrooke, as well as a strategic review by Gen. David H. Petraeus, the commander of U.S. Central Command.
Beyond testing a new U.S. administration, there are ample domestic reasons for the recent actions. Mr. Khan, for example, is regarded as a hero in Pakistan, and restrictions on his movement have long been unpopular.
However, Mr. Mead said the Pakistanis may have freed Mr. Khan in part to show displeasure about the Obama administration's decision to remove the Kashmir dispute from Mr. Holbrooke's portfolio. Pakistan claims the Muslim-majority region, which India has largely controlled for 60 years.
"It would not be a surprise if this was a response to the attempt of the new administration to put Kashmir on a different track of U.S.-Pakistan relations," Mr. Mead said.
In some ways, the Iranian satellite launch was the biggest rebuke for Mr. Obama, who on the campaign trail promised to begin constructive engagement with Iran in an effort to get the Islamic republic to suspend its uranium enrichment program.
At the same time, the launch had a domestic motivation.This month marks the 30th anniversary of the 1979 Islamic revolution, and the Iranian regime would like to divert attention from domestic problems, especially a poor economy.
Aaron David Miller, a former U.S. Middle East peace negotiator, said that the recent pokes and prods reflect the decline in U.S. influence abroad more than a frontal challenge to U.S. power.
"None of these things represent the test Vice President Biden suggested," said Mr. Miller, who is working on a book about presidential greatness as a scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
Mr. Miller said these challenges are likely to increase.


text:
At what age should you have your cats neutered?
What is the right age to neuter a cat? Opinions differ on this. Because the answer to this question depends on several factors: Have your cat neutered: before or after sexual maturity? - Image: Shutterstock / Schubbel
Some are convinced that one should wait at least until the animal is sexually mature before neutering a cat. Others are of the opinion that the intervention should be carried out beforehand as part of a so-called early castration.
Have the cat neutered: which age is correct?
Most cats become sexually mature between the ages of 6 and 10 months. Hangovers tend to be a little late. They usually reach sexual maturity between 8 and 10 months.
However, at the latest when the cat loses sleep to its neighbors or the cat begins to mark while it is in the lurch, it can no longer be denied that the animal is in puberty. Then many cat owners go to the vet with their parlor tiger to make an appointment for castration.
In principle there is nothing wrong with it. However, there can be nasty surprises for owners of several cats or free-litter owners if they don't want four-legged offspring and the cat has become sexually mature unnoticed.
Advantages of castration before sexual maturity
Castration before sexual maturity has advantages and disadvantages. Proponents of early castration believe that a cat's need to be ready to be castrated does not have to be waited for. They see the prevention of unwanted offspring as a decisive advantage. This is particularly important for free-range animals and animals with siblings.
In some animals (for example, many that were born in winter), sexual maturity begins at the age of 3 to 4 months, i.e. much earlier than normal. Advocates of early castration therefore recommend that the surgery be carried out in cats with 4 months and in cats with 5 to 10 months.
If castration is not performed before sexual maturity, owners run the risk that their velvet paw will reproduce in an uncontrolled manner. Kittens are cute in themselves, but not all animals always find a home. The result: you end up in the shelter or live as a stray animal.
Another advantage of pre-sexual castration is that it reduces the risk of certain diseases, such as mammary tumors in cats.
Castrate or sterilize the cat: what's the difference?
So that no unexpected offspring snows into the house, many pet owners have their cats neutered ...
Disadvantages of early castration in cats
Opponents of the early intervention argue that the young animal may not yet be fully developed and may remain smaller than its counterparts as disadvantages. Kittens who are neutered very early often look untypical of cats.
In addition, these hangovers are said to have an increased risk of developing urinary stones because the urinary tract can still be poorly developed. Due to the lack of sexual maturity, the animals often remain a little more playful and kitty than their peers. However, this does not have to be a disadvantage.
The right time: a decision by the veterinarian
The age at which sexual maturity occurs varies from animal to animal. The urgency of castration must be assessed individually depending on the housing conditions. Your veterinarian can give you the best advice for an ideal appointment, taking into account his experience, after examining the animal and assessing the respective requirements. So seek him out as soon as possible!
At what age should you have your cats neutered?...


It was a beautiful day to have an outdoor Adoption Day at Top Golf in Allen Texas. A great time was had by all. Our dogs Patrick, Handsome and Cadet greeted every visitor with hugs and smiles. We did not have any adoptions today but Handsome did have some interest from two different families, both of whom were going to take their golf clubs home and think about adding a possible new family member to their home. Thanks goes to all of our volunteers who came out and helped with the event.
After setting up our booth the day begins.
Handsome is a great name for this guy.
Cadet played with her empty coke bottle all day.
Jasmine R. and Patrick enjoying the wonderful weather. Patrick is always trying to find a lap to sit in.
Linda R. and Handsome pose for a picture.
Linda A. introduces Cadet to one of our visitors.
Some young men practicing their driving skills.
David B. and Patrick out for a walk.
Linda R. and Renee M. take the dogs for a potty break.
Patrick found another lap to sit in.
Cadet and Patrick wait for their turn to get their belly rubbed.
Handsome tries to talk this guy into taking him home.
Patrick almost went to sleep while he was getting his belly rubbed.


text:
Network system for distributing video information to clients
A network system according to the present invention comprises an IP encoder connected with a plurality of clients through a network. The IP encoder compresses and encodes inputted video information, forms a packet comprising the compressed and encoded video information, and multicasts the formed video information to the plurality of clients.
Yokoyama, Kozo (Kawasaki, JP)
Hirose, Tomonori (Kanagawa, JP)
Takenaka, Yuuji (Kawasaki, JP)
Tashima, Hirotaka (Kawasaki, JP)
YOKOYAMA KOZO
HIROSE TOMONORI
TAKENAKA YUUJI
TASHIMA HIROTAKA
348/E7.071, 348/E7.086, 725/98
H04N5/85; H04L12/18; H04N5/765; H04N7/173; H04N7/18; H04N21/2187; H04N21/231; H04N21/2381; H04N21/472; H04N21/643; (IPC1-7): H04N7/173
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VU, NGOC K
KATTEN MUCHIN ROSENMAN LLP (575 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY, 10022-2585, US)
1. A network system for distributing video information to a plurality of clients comprising: a network for accommodating the plurality of clients; and an encoder connected to the network, and wherein the encoder comprises a compression coding unit compressing and encoding to inputted video information, a packet forming unit forming a packet comprising the compressed and encoded video information, and a transmission unit multicasting the formed packet to the plurality of clients through the network.
2. A network system according to claim 1, further comprising a storage device for storing video information subjected to compression coding by the compression coding unit, and wherein the video information stored in the storage device is distributed at requests from the clients.
3. A network system according to claim 2, wherein part or all of the video information stored in the storage device is stored by another storage device.
4. A network system according to claim 3, wherein the other storage device is a video server which is connected to the network, collects and stores the video information stored in the storage device, and distributes the stored video information at requests from clients.
5. A network system according to claim 4, further comprising a management device connected to the network, and wherein the management device receives distribution requests for the video information stored in the storage device or the video server from a client, and executes a distribution process for distributing video information corresponding to the distribution requests to the corresponding client.
6. A network system according to claim 5, wherein, the management device, when respectively receives a plurality of distribution requests which priority is set from a plurality of clients, executes a distribution process corresponding to each of the distribution requests in the order of the set priorities.
7. A network system according to claim 5, wherein the management device limits a client for acquiring video information stored in the storage device or the video server.
8. A network system according to claim 5, further comprising another network connected to the network and accommodating another single client or a plurality of other clients, and wherein the video information stored in the storage devices or the video server are distributed at a distribution request from the other client.
9. A network system according to claim 8, further comprising a distribution server, connected to the network and the other network, distributing the video information stored in the video server to the other network.
10. A network system according to claim 1, further comprising another network connected to the encoder and a video input device connected to the other network, and wherein the encoder receives video information inputted to the video input device through the other network.
11. A network system according to claim 1, further comprising a video device connected to the encoder, and wherein the encoder receives video information input to the video input device.
12. A network system for distributing video information to a plurality of clients, comprising: an encoder compressing and encoding inputted video information, forming a packet comprising the compressed and encoded, and transmitting the formed packet to a network; and a concentrater accommodating the plurality of clients through communication lines, receiving the packet transmitted by the encoder through the network, and muluticasting the received packet to the plurality of clients.
13. A network system according to claim 1, wherein the encoder compresses and encodes a plurality of inputted video signals.
14. An encoder for distributing video information to a plurality of clients through a network, comprising: a compression coding unit compressing and encoding inputted video information; a packet forming unit forming a packet comprising the compressed and encoded video information; and a transmission unit multicasting the formed packet to the plurality of clients.
[0002] The present invention relates to a network system and, more particularly, to a network system for distributing video (movie) information to clients through a network.
[0004] In the field of a conventional monitor system using a network, when a video is shot by a camera is distributed to a plurality of clients, a video signal (video information) transmitted from the camera is temporarily stored in a storage device of a server. Thereafter, the server distributes the stored video information to each of the clients through the network.
[0005] In the monitor system, display contents in a client require real-time properties. More specifically, a delay time from when a video is shot to when the video is displayed on the display device of the client is preferably short.
[0006] However, the conventional technique has the following problem. More specifically, in the conventional technique, a server unitarily stores pieces of video information from a plurality of cameras in a storage device and, at the same time, distributes the video information stored in the storage device to a plurality of clients. For this reason, an amount of data per unit time which can be stored in the storage device by the server is limited. In addition, since the server executes a storing process and a distributing process at the same time, a processing load on the server is large, and an amount of data per unit time which can be distributed by the server is limited. Therefore, the length of the delay time when from the video is shot to when the video is displayed can not neglect.
[0007] In addition, in the conventional technique, the clients request the server to redistribute the stored video information as needed. For the requests, the server executes a process for redistributing the video information, a load on the server increases, and the speeds of the storing process and the distributing process decrease. As a result, the delay time from the shooting to the displaying lengthen.
[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide a network system which can make a time for distributing video information to clients shorter than that of a conventional system.
[0009] The first aspect of the present invention employs the following configuration to achieve the above object. More specifically, the present invention is a network system for distributing video information to a plurality of clients comprising a network for accommodating the plurality of clients, and an encoder connected to the network, wherein the encoder comprises a compression coding unit compressing and encoding to input video information, a packet forming unit forming a packet comprising the video information which is compressed and encoded, and a transmission unit multicasting the formed packet to the plurality of clients through the network.
[0010] According to the present invention, since the video information is transmitted to the clients without being temporarily stored by a video server, display delay caused by a conventional storing process by a server does not occur. Therefore, a time from when the video information is acquired to when the video information is displayed can be shortened, real-time properties which can obtain a display more proper than that of a conventional system can be secured.
[0011] In the present invention, part or all of the video information stored in the storage device may be stored by another storage device. The other storage device is a video server which is connected to the network, collects and stores the video information stored in the storage device, and distributes the stored video information at requests from clients.
[0012] According to the present invention, the compression coding unit of the encoder may compress and encode a plurality of input video signals (a plurality of video information). More specifically, the compression coding unit may compress and encode to a plurality of video signals outputted from a certain video input device, and may compress and encode a plurality of video signals respectively transmitted from a plurality of video input devices.
[0013] The second aspect of the present invention is a network system for distributing video information to a plurality of clients, comprising: an encoder compressing and encoding inputted video information, forming a packet comprising the compressed and encoded, and transmitting the formed packet to a network; and a concentrater accommodating the plurality of clients through communication lines, receiving the packet transmitted by the encoder through the network, and muluticasting the received packet to the plurality of clients.
[0014] The third aspect of the present invention is an encoder for distributing video information to a plurality of clients through a network, comprising: a compression coding unit compressing and encoding inputted video information; a packet forming unit forming a packet comprising the compressed and encoded video information; and a transmission unit multicasting the formed packet to the plurality of clients.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the entire configuration of a network system according to an embodiment.
[0016] FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams of IP encoders shown in FIG. 1.
[0017] FIG. 3 is an illustration showing a display example of a live screen.
[0018] FIG. 4 is an illustration showing a display example of a video-on-demand screen.
[0020] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of in the network system shown in FIG. 1.
[0021] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of an on-demand display in the network system shown in FIG. 1.
[0022] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another configuration of a network system.
[0023] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawing.
[0024] [Entire Configuration of Network System]
[0025] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the configuration of a network system according to the embodiment of the present invention. The network system shown in FIG. 1 is used as a monitor system for monitoring video images photographed by a plurality of cameras C1 to C4 (corresponding to video input devices according to the present invention) by first clients 1 to 3.
[0026] The concrete configuration is as follows. The first clients 1 to 3 are accommodated in a LAN (100 BASE-TX: corresponding to the network according to the present invention) 7. The LAN 7 also accommodates a video server 8 (corresponding to another storage device according to the present invention), a management system (corresponding to the management device according to the present invention) 9, and a distribution server 10. The LAN 7, the first clients 1 to 3, the video server 8, the management system 9, and the distribution server 10 constitute a center system in the monitor system.
[0027] The LAN 7 accommodates IP encoders 11 to 14 (corresponding to the encoder according to the present invention), and video images (video information) from the cameras C1 to C4 are distributed to the first clients 1 to 3 through the LAN 7.
[0028] The IP encoder 11 is connected to the camera C1 through a CODEC 15 and a WAN (e.g., INS64 or DA128) 16. The IP encoder 12 is connected to the camera C2 through a CODEC 17 and a WAN 16 (corresponding to another network according to the present invention). The IP encoder 13 is connected to a camera C3 through a video signal transmission network (video signal transmission network) 18. The IP encoder 14 is connected to the camera C4 through the video signal transmission network 18.
[0029] The distribution server 10 is connected to second clients 4 to 6 through the Internet 19. The constituent elements shown in FIG. 1 will be independently described below.
[0030] <Camera>
[0031] The cameras C1 to C4 are arranged at specific monitoring positions to photograph events occurring at the monitoring positions. For example, when the monitor system according to the embodiment is used as a monitor system for a traffic state, the cameras C1 to C4 are arranged at junctions or the like, respectively.
[0032] Each of the cameras C1 to C4 has a microphone and a loudspeaker, and outputs an NTSC signal including a photographed video image (video) and a sound.
[0033] The NTSC signal output from the camera C1 is input to the CODEC 15, and the NTSC signal output from the camera C2 is input to the CODEC 17. On the other hand, the NTSC signals output from the cameras C3 and C4 are received by the IP encoder 13 or the IP encoder 14 through the video signal transmission network 18.
[0034] <CODEC>
[0035] The CODECs 15 and 17 convert the NTSC signal output from the camera C1 or the camera C2 into a transmission signal (to be referred to as an "H. 320 signal" hereinafter) based on a protocol of H. 320, and outputs the converted H. 320 signal. The H. 320 signals output from the CODECs 15 and 17 are received by the IP encoder 11 or the IP encoder 12 through the WAN 16.
[0036] <IP Encoder>
[0037] FIG. 2A is a diagram of the configuration of each of the IP encoders 11 and 12 shown in FIG. 1. The IP encoder 11 will be described as an example. The IP encoder 11 comprises an interface circuit (I/F) 21 on the camera side, a CODEC 22 connected to the I/F 21, an MPEG encoder 23 (corresponding to the compression coding unit according to the present invention) connected to the CODEC 22, a packet forming unit 24 connected to the MPEG encoder 23, an I/F 25 (corresponding to the transmission unit according to the present invention) on the LAN 7 side connected to the packet forming unit 24, a hard disk drive (HDD: including a hard disk: corresponding to the storage device according to the present invention) 26, and a control unit 29 including a CPU 27 and a main memory (MM) 28.
[0038] The CODEC 22 converts the H. 320 signal received from the WAN 16 through the I/F 21 into an NTSC signal to input the NTSC signal to the MPEG encoder 23.
[0039] The MPEG encoder 23 performs compression coding to the input NTSC signal to convert the NTSC signal into MPEG (MPEG 1 or MPEG 4) data (corresponding to video information). The MPEG data is input to the packet forming unit 24 and stored in the hard disk drive 26.
[0040] The packet forming unit 24 forms and outputs a packet including the MPEG data input from the MPEG encoder 23. When the packet forming unit 24 distributes a video image photographed by the camera C1 to the first clients 1 to 3 on real time, the packet forming unit 24 forms a UDP multicast packet including the MPEG data of the video images. On the other hand, when the packet forming unit 24 transfers the MPEG data stored in the HDD 26 to the video server 8, the packet forming unit 24 forms a TCP packet including the MPEG data.
[0041] The I/F 25 transmits the packet (UDP multicast packet or the TCP packet) input from the packet forming unit 24 to the LAN 7.
[0042] In this manner, the MPEG data of the video image photographed by the camera C1 is multicasted without being temporarily stored. In this manner, a present video image (live video image) photographed by the camera C1 is distributed to the first clients 1 to 3. Therefore, the first clients 1 to 3 can display the live video image of the camera C1 with a delay time which is shorter than that of a conventional system.
[0043] The HDD 26 stores the MPEG data of a predetermined period of time (e.g., 2 hours) output from the MPEG encoder 23 while updating the MPEG data at any time. The MPEG data stored in the HDD 26 is transferred to the videoserver 8 at a predetermined timing.
[0044] The control unit 29 is constituted by the CPU 27, the MM 28, a ROM (not shown), and the like. When the CPU 27 executes an operating system (OS) or a firmware recorded on the ROM to control a data format conversion process performed by the CODEC 22 and the MPEG encoder 23, a packet forming process performed by the packet forming unit 24, a write/read process of MPEG data performed by the HDD 26, and the like.
[0045] FIG. 2B is a diagram of the configuration of the IP encoder 13 shown in FIG. 1. The IP encoder 13 is the same as the IP encoder 11 except that the IP encoder 13 does not comprise the CODEC 22. However, the IP encoder 13 does not transmit a TCP packet including the MPEG data stored in the HDD 26 to the video server 8, and the IP encoder 13 forms a TCP packet including the MPEG data stored in the HDD 26 to transmit the TCP packet to the LAN 7 at a request of on-demand distribution from the first client 1.
[0046] The IP encoder 14 has the same configuration as that of the IP encoder 13 except that the IP encoder 14 does not comprise the HDD 26. The IP encoder 14 performs only transmission (real-time distribution of a live video image) of a UDP multicast packet including MPEG data.
[0047] In place of the above configuration, the MPEG data stored in the HDDs 26 of the IP encoders 11 and 12 may be designed to be distributed to the first clients on demand. The MPEG data stored in the HDD 26 of the IP encoder 13 may be designed to be transferred to the video server 8. The IP encoder 14 may comprise the HDD 26, so that the MPEG data stored in the HDD 26 is collected and stored by the video server 8 or distributed on demand to the first clients.
[0048] The CODEC 22 is an option which is mounted when the IP encoder receives an H. 320 signal. The CODEC 22 is not required when the IP encoder receives an NTSC signal.
[0049] In this embodiment, the MPEG encoder 23 is designed to convert an NTSC signal into MPEG data. However, the MPEG encoder 23 may be designed to convert an H. 261 signal into MPEG data.
[0050] <First Client>
[0051] Each of the first clients 1 to 3 is constituted by a personal computer (PC) comprising a display for displaying video images photographed by the cameras C1 to C4, a workstation (WS), a computer corresponding to a host device.
[0052] FIG. 3 is an illustration showing a display example of a live screen 31. The live screen can be substantially united into one window-like user interface as shown in FIG. 3. In the window-like live screen 31 as described above, an image display unit which can display a video image at a desired point (area) and an operation unit (illustrated on the right side toward the screen in FIG. 3) comprising interactive function buttons. If necessary, a plurality of live screens 31 of different area video images to be displayed can be also opened (displayed).
[0053] Each of the first clients 1 to 3 operates the plurality of function buttons arranged on the operation portion on the live screen 31 with a pointing device or the like, so that the display devices of various live screens 31 can be selected. More specifically, searching and selection of an area to be displayed, camera control operations such as enlargement/reduction of an area video image which is being displayed, movement of an image pickup angle, and adjustment of focus can be performed, past video images stored in the IP encoder (to be also described) or the video server 8 can be referred to, and write, edition, and the like of a comment document can be performed.
[0054] Each of the first clients 1 to 3 has a video image distribution request function 34 (see FIG. 6). More specifically, each of the first clients 1 to 3 requests the management system 9 to perform real-time distribution of video images photographed by the cameras C1 to C4.
[0055] Each of the first clients 1 to 3 has a stream receiving function 35 (see FIG. 6). More specifically, the first clients 1 to 3 receive UDP multicast packets multicasted from the IP encoders 11 to 14, and display video images based on MPEG data included in the packets on the live screen 31 (see FIG. 3) of the display. In this manner, a video image at a monitoring position is displayed on real time.
[0056] The user of the first clients 1 to 3 refers to the displayed real-time video image, so that the user can monitor the present state of the monitoring position. Each of the first clients 1 to 3 comprises a loudspeaker for outputting a sound to output a sound obtained by -microphones held by the cameras C1 to C4 from the loudspeaker. The first clients 1 to 3 store the video images which are distributed on real time in the storage devices held by the first clients 1 to 3 as needed.
[0057] The first client 1 has an on-demand operation function 39 (see FIG. 7). More specifically, the first client 1 requests the video server 8 to provide (on-demand distribution) desired MPEG data (video image) stored in the video server 8. Thereafter, when the first client 1 receives the video image stored in the video server 8, the video image is displayed on a video-on-demand screen 32 (VOD screen 32: see FIG. 4) of the display. In this manner, the user of the first client 1 can refer to the past video image of the monitoring position.
[0058] The first client 1 requests the on-demand operation function 39 to provide (on-demand distribution) of images (to be referred to as "library images") edited and stored by the video server 8. Thereafter, when the first client 1 acquires the library images stored in the video server 8, the library images are on the VOD screen 32 (see FIG. 5).
[0059] In addition, the first client 1 requests the on-demand operation function 39 to perform on-demand distribution of a desired video image stored in the HDD 26 of the IP encoder 13. Thereafter, when the first client 1 acquires the desired video image stored in the HDD 26 of the IP encoder 13, the video image is displayed on the VOD screen 32 (see FIG. 4) of the display device. In this manner, the user of the first client 1 can also refer to the past video image of the monitoring position. The first client 1 stores the video image or the library images subjected to on-demand distribution in the storage device held by the first client 1 as needed.
[0060] When the user of the first client 1 requests on-demand distribution, the user designates a monitoring position or a camera and a photographing period (start time and end time) of the camera. In this case, a request message for on-demand distribution including the information of the camera and the photographing period is supplied from the first client 1 to the management system 9. The management system 9 specifies a position where a corresponding video image is stored on the basis of the information of the camera and the photographing period, and acquires the corresponding video image from the specific position to give the video image to the first client In this example, when the first client 1 requests a video image of the camera C1 or the camera C2, the management system 9 acquires a desired video image stored in the video server 8. In contrast to this, when the first client 1 requires a video image of the camera C3, the management system 9 acquires a desired video image stored in the HDD 26 of the IP encoder 13.
[0061] The first client 1 can display the video images or the library images which are distributed to the live screen 31 on demand. In contrast to this, the first client 1 can display a video image subjected to stream distribution (real-time distribution) on the VOD screen 32. In addition, the live screen 31 and the VOD screen 32 can also be displayed at once. In this manner, the user of the first client 1 can refer to a present video image, a past video image, and a library image at once.
[0062] <Video Server>
[0063] The video server 8 is constituted by using a computer comprising a storage device (not shown) such as an HDD functioning as an image database (image DB 82: see FIGS. 6 and 7). The video server 8 has a correction/storage function (video storage function 81: see FIG. 6) of MPEG data (video image) stored in the HDD 26 of the IP encoder.
[0064] More specifically, the video server 8, according to a predetermined schedule (e.g., a collection interval of 3 to 5 minutes) or an external trigger (e.g., an instruction from the management system 9 or the first client 1), requests the IP encoders 11 and 12 to transfer the MPEG data stored in the HDD 26, and stores the MPEG data transferred at the request to the image DB 82 as a video image file. The schedule is formed by the management system 9 and registered on the video server 8.
[0065] The video server 8 has a video data edition function. More specifically, the video server 8 executes a cut process for images, a merge process, and a capture process for still images by using the video image file stored in the image DB 82. The video server 8 also performs a superimpose process, a telop insertion process, an inter-media synchronization process (SMIL or the like), audio edition, frame adjustment, and the like if necessary. The video server 8 stores library images formed by an edition process using the video data edition function in the image DB 82 as a library image file.
[0066] The video server 8 has an on-demand distribution function 85 (see FIG. 7). More specifically, the video server 8, at a request from the management system 9 which receives an on-demand distribution request from the first client 1, reads a corresponding video file or a corresponding library image file from the image DB 82 to distribute the file to the first client 1.
[0067] In place of the above configuration, the first clients 1 to 3 may directly request the video server 8 to perform on-demand distribution of the video file or the library image file stored in the image DB 82.
[0068] In addition, the video server 8, at a request from the distribution server 10, reads the corresponding video image file or the corresponding library image file from the image DB 82 to give the file to the distribution server 10. At this time, the distribution server 10 the video image file or the library image file received from the video server 8 to the second clients 4 to 6 or any one of the second clients 4 to 6 through the Internet 19.
[0069] In this embodiment, all the video images temporarily stored in the HDDs 26 of the IP encoders 11 and 12 are stored in the video server 8. However, when users of the first clients 1 who do not require video images older than video images of the period in which video images can be stored in the HDDs 26 of the IP encoders 11 and 12, i.e., when it is satisfactory that the video images stored in the HDDs 26 of the IP encoders 11 and 12 are used, the video server 8 may not be arranged. Even in the above case, the video server 8 may be prepared to store a video image required for editing the library images or only a video image which is specially required.
[0070] <Management System>
[0071] The management system 9 is constituted by using a computer such as a PC or a WS. The management system 9 has a schedule forming/managing function. More specifically, the management system 9 forms a schedule of storage of video images to register the schedule in the video server 8.
[0072] In place of this configuration, the management system 9 may form schedules of MPEG data transfer performed by the IP encoders 11 and 12 to register the schedules in the IP encoders 11 and 12. The IP encoders 11 and 12, according to the registered schedules, may transfer the MPEG data stored in the HDDs 26 to the video server 8.
[0073] The management system 9 has a video image distribution request management function 51 (see FIG. 6) for performing communication management between the first clients 1 to 3 and the IP encoders 11 to 14. More specifically, the management system 9 gives an instruction for transmitting a UDP multicast packet to the corresponding first client at request of stream distribution (real-time distribution) from the first clients 1 to 3 to a specific IP encoder. In this manner, the first client which requests stream distribution can receive the stream (UDP multicast packet) of video images from the specific IP encoder.
[0074] The management system 9 instructs the IP encoders 11 to 14 to stop real-time-distribution to the specific first client at a request from the first client or as needed. For this reason, the IP encoder which receives the instruction stops real-time distribution the specific first client.
[0075] As described above, the management system 9 controls stream distribution (real-time distribution) to the first clients 1 to 3 by the video image distribution request management function 51. For this reason, a video image photographed by a certain camera can be prevented from being provided to a certain first client.
[0076] The management system 9 has an on-demand management function 56 (see FIG. 7). More specifically, the management system 9 requests the video server 8 or the IP encoder 13 to supply stored MPEG data (video image file) or a library image file to the first client 1 in place of the management system 9 at a request of on-demand distribution from the first client 1 (representative request of distribution).
[0077] In addition, the management system 9 controls on-demand distribution to the first clients 1 to 3 by the on-demand management function 56. More specifically, the management system 9 can select a first client which receives a video image or a library image distributed on demand from the video server 8 or the IP encoder 13 by the on-demand management function 56.
[0078] In this example, only the first client 1 is set to receive a video image or a library image distributed on demand. In addition, the setting of the first client 2 and/or the first clients 3 can be changed such that the first client 2 and/or the first client 3 receives a video image or the like distributed on demand. Video images stored in the HDDs 26 of the IP encoders 11 and 12 can also set to be distributed to the first clients 1 to 3 or at least one of the first clients 1 to 3 on demand.
[0079] When the management system 9 is set to receive on-demand distribution request messages from a plurality of first clients, and the management system 9 simultaneously receive the plurality of distribution request messages, the management system 9 executes a process for the distribution requests in the order based on priority information included in these messages. More specifically, the management system 9 extracts pieces of priority information from the messages and executes a process (representative request of distribution) to the distribution request in the order of priority.
[0080] The management system 9 limits a video image or an image supplied from the video server 8 to the distribution server 10. More specifically, the management system 9 gives an instruction that only a specific type of video image or image to the distribution server 10 to the video server 8. At this time, the video server 8 receives the provided request only when the type of video image or image which is distributed by the distribution server 10 to be provided is a specific type instructed by the management system 9.
[0081] In place of the above configuration, on-demand distribution of video images stored in the video server 8 or the HDD 26 may be performed to the first clients 2 and 3, and the video image stored in the HDD 26 of the IP encoder 13 may be collected and stored in the video server 8. In this case, when each of the first clients 1 to 3 gives the on-demand distribution request message to the management system 9, the management system 9 generates a representative request of distribution as follows on the basis of photographing time designated by the message.
[0082] More specifically, when a desired video image is stored in only the HDD 26 of the IP encoder, the management system 9 gives the representative request of distribution to the corresponding IP encoder. In contrast to this, when the desired video image is stored in only the video server 8, and when the desired video image is stored in the HDD 26 and the video server 8, the management system 9 gives a representative request of distribution to the video server 8.
[0083] In this manner, when the first clients 1 to 3 give on-demand distribution request messages to the management system 9, the first clients 1 to 3 can receive a desired video image without considering a storage position of the desired video image.
[0084] The function of the management system 9 is given to the video server 8, so that the management system 9 can also be omitted. However, in order to reduce the processing load on the video server 8, the management system 9 is arranged independently of the video server 8.
[0085] <Distribution Server>
[0086] The distribution server 10 is arranged by using a computer. The distribution server 10 functions as the proxy server of the second clients 4 to 6 connected through the Internet 19.
[0087] More specifically, at requests from the second clients 4 to 6, the distribution server 10 receives a video image or image corresponding to the request from the video server 8 to transmits the video image or the image to the corresponding second client.
[0088] When a request from any one of the second clients 4 to 6 is made by the setting of the distribution server 10 or an external trigger, the distribution server 10 acquires a video image or an image corresponding to the request to multicast the video image or the image to the second clients 4 to 6.
[0089] The distribution server 10, by the setting of the distribution server 10 or an external trigger, receives a specific kind of image from the video server 8 according to a predetermined schedule and transmits each of the second clients 4 to 6 or any one of the second clients 4 to 6.
[0090] The distribution server 10 stops distribution of a video image or an image corresponding to a specific second client according to an external trigger (e.g., an instruction from the management system 9).
[0091] In place of the above configuration, the following configuration may be used. That is, the distribution server 10 receives a video image stored in the HDD of an IP encoder to transmit the video image to the second client.
[0092] <Second Client>
[0093] Each of the second clients 4 to 6 is constituted by a PC, a WS, a mobile computer or the like comprising a display. Each of the second clients 4 to 6 requests the distribution server 10 to distribute a video image, so that each of the second clients 4 to 6 receives video images of the cameras C1 to C4 stored in the video server 8 to display the video images on the display.
[0094] <Other>
[0095] In the network system shown in FIG. 1, the first client 1 executes control (pan adjustment of a camera, tilt adjustment, and volume adjustment of a microphone and a loudspeaker) of the cameras C1 and C3.
[0096] More specifically, the first client 1 operates a monitor screen to request the management system 9 to control the camera C1. A this time, the management system 9 outputs a control signal for the camera C1. The output control signal is input to the camera C1 through the LAN 7 and the CODEC 22, the WAN 16, and the CODEC 15 of the IP encoder 11, and an operation depending on the control signal is executed in the camera C1.
[0097] When the first client 1 requests the management system 9 to control the camera C3, a control signal from the management system 9 is input to the camera C3, and the camera C3 operates on the basis of the control signal.
[0098] [Operation in Network System]
[0099] An operation in the network system will be described below.
[0100] <Live Video Image Display>
[0101] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of a live video image display and video storage in the network system shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 6, as the operation example, an example in which-a video image photographed by the camera C1 is displayed as a live video image (real-time display) by the first client 1.
[0102] As shown in FIG. 6, when the live video image is displayed, the first client 1 functions as a device comprising the video image distribution request function 34, the stream receiving function 35, a browser 36, a network interface (I/F) 37 to the LAN 7, an MPEG viewer 38, and a cameral control function such that a processor (not shown) (e.g., a CPU) held by the first client 1 executes a program.
[0103] The management system 9 functions as a device comprising the video image distribution request management function 51, a network interface (I/F) 52 to the LAN 7, a WWW server 53, a DBMS 54, management information 55, a camera operation information management function, and a camera control right management function such that a processor (not shown) (e.g., a CPU) held by the management system 9 executes a program.
[0104] In addition, the IP encoder 11 functions as a device comprising I/Fs 21 and 25, the HDD 26, a stream distribution function 41, a video storage function 42, and a camera control function such that the CPU 27 executes a program.
[0105] The stream distribution function 41 is realized by the CODEC 22, the MPEG encoder 23, the packet forming unit 24, and the control unit 29, and the video storage function 42 is realized by the packet forming unit 24, the HDD 26, and the control unit 29.
[0106] At the first, a user of the first client 1 inputs a video image distribution request of the camera C1 to the first client 1. At this time, the video image distribution request function 34 forms a real-time distribution request message of a video image photographed by the camera C1 and transmits the real-time distribution request message from the I/F 37 to the management system 9. The transmitted request message is received by the I/F 52 of the management system 9 through the LAN 7 to give the request message to the video image distribution request management function 51.
[0107] In this case, the video image distribution request management function 51 refers to the management information 55 to check whether the video image distribution request management function 51 may accept the request from the first client 1 or not. The video image distribution request management function 51 accepts the request, the video image distribution request management function 51 updates the management information 55 by the check result.
[0108] Thereafter, the video image distribution request management function 51 transmits a real-time distribution request message from the I/F 52 to the IP encoder 11. The transmitted request message is received by the I/F 25 of the IP encoder through the LAN 7 and received by the stream distribution function 41.
[0109] In this case, the stream distribution function 41 adds the address of the first client 1 to the destination address of a UDP multicast packet transmitted to the LAN 7. Thereafter, when the H. 320 signal of a video image photographed by the camera C1 is input to the I/F 21, the stream distribution function 41 forms a UDP multicast packet including MPEG data corresponding to the H. 320 signal to multicast the UDP multicast packet from the I/F 25 to the LAN 7. The multicasted UDP multicast packet is received by the I/F 37 of the first client 1 and input to the stream receiving function 35 through the browser 36.
[0110] In this case, the stream receiving function 35 extracts the MPEG data from the UDP multicast packet to give the MPEG data to the MPEG viewer 38. At this time, the MPEG viewer 38 displays a live video image of the camera C1 based on the MPEG data on the live screen 31 which is displayed on the display in advance (see FIG. 3).
[0111] In this manner, a user of the first client 1 refers to the video image which is lively displayed, so that the user can monitor an event occurring at a point (area) at which the camera C1 is arranged.
[0112] <Video Storage>
[0113] An operation example of video storage in the network system shown in FIG. 1 will be described below with reference to FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, in a video storage operation, a CPU (not shown) held by the video server 8 executes a program, so that the video server 8 functions as a device comprising a video storage function 81, an image DB 82, and I/Fs 83 and 84.
[0114] In FIG. 6, the stream distribution function 41 of the IP encoder 11 receives the H. 320 signal of the video image photographed by the camera C1, forms MPEG data corresponding to the received H. 320 signal, and gives the MPEG data to the video storage function 42.
[0115] In this case, the video storage function 42 stores the MPEG data received from the stream distribution function 41 in the hard disk in the HDD 26. In this manner, the video image of the camera C1 is stored in the HDD 26 of the IP encoder 11.
[0116] On the other hand, the video storage function 81 of the video server 8 is started according to a schedule which is recorded by the management system 9 in advance to form a MPEG data transfer request message. The formed request message is given to the video storage function 42 through the I/F 83, the LAN 7, and the I/F 25.
[0117] The video storage function 42 reads MPEG data to be transferred from the HDD 26, forms a TCP packet including the read MPEG data, and transmits the TCP packet from the I/F 25 to the LAN 7. The transmitted TCP packet is received by the I/F 83 of the video server 8 through the LAN 7 and given to the video storage function 81.
[0118] The video storage function 81 extracts the MPEG data from the TCP packet to store the MPEG data as a video image file in the image DB 82. An operation similar to this is also performed between the video server 8 and the IP encoder 12. Therefore, the MPEG data stored in the HDDs 26 by the IP encoders 11 and 12 are stored in the image DB 82 of the video server 8.
[0119] <On-demand Display>
[0120] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of an on-demand display in the network system shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 7 shows an operation example in which the first client 1 accepts on-demand distribution from the video server 8.
[0121] As shown in FIG. 7, in an on-demand display, the first client 1 functions as a device comprising the browser 36, the I/F 37, the MPEG viewer 38, and the on-demand operation function 39.
[0122] The video server 8 functions as a device comprising the image DB 82, the I/Fs 83 and 84, the on-demand distribution function 85, and a VOD server 87. In addition, the management system 9 functions as a device comprising the I/F 52, the WWW server 53, the DBMS 54, the management information 55, the on-demand management function 56, and a meta-data 57.
[0123] As a presumption, the VOD screen 32 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is displayed on the display of the first client 1. A user of the first client 1 operates buttons displayed on the VOD screen 32 to execute a file selection operation or a stream operation.
[0124] In this manner, the on-demand operation function 39 acquires specific information of a monitoring position (camera) designated by the user and information of a photographing period to form an on-demand distribution request message including the acquired information. The formed request message is transmitted to the LAN 7 through the browser 36 and the I/F 37 and received by the on-demand management function 56 through the I/F 52 and the WWW server 53 of the management system 9.
[0125] In this case, the on-demand management function 56 refers to the management information 55 and the meta-data 57 to specify a monitoring position included in the request message of the first client 1 and a storage position of a video image corresponding to the information of the photographing period. In this example, it is assumed that the video image is stored in the image DB 82 of the video server 8.
[0126] Thereafter, the on-demand management function 56 acquires data required to form a representative request message from the management information 55 and the metadata 57 and updates the management information 55 or the metadata 57 as needed.
[0127] Thereafter, the on-demand management function 56 forms a representative request message of distribution of a video image or a library image to the video server 8 on the basis of information (information of a monitoring position and a photographing period) included in the message from the first client 1 and information obtained from the management information 55 and the metadata 57.
[0128] The formed representative request message is transmitted to the LAN 7 through the WWW server 53 and the I/F 52 and received by the on-demand distribution function through the I/F 84 of the video server 8.
[0129] In this case, the on-demand operation function 39 refers to the information included in the representative request message to detect a corresponding video image file (or a library image file) from the image DB 82.
[0130] The detected video file is transmitted from the on-demand distribution function 85 to the LAN 7 through the VOD server 87 and the I/F 84. In this manner, on-demand distribution of a video image to the first client 1 is performed.
[0131] The video file transmitted to the LAN 7 is received by the on-demand operation function 39 through the I/F 37 and the browser 36 of the first client 1. At this time, the on-demand operation function 39 gives the received video image file to the MPEG viewer 38.
[0132] In this case, the MPEG viewer 38 displays a video image (past video image) based on the video image file in the VOD screen 32 displayed on the display device (file reception and stream display). In this manner, the user of the first client 1 can refer to a desired video image.
[0133] [Operation of Embodiment]
[0134] In the network system according to the embodiment of the present invention, information (video information) of video images photographed by the cameras C1 to C4 are multicasted from the IP encoders 11 to 14 to the first clients 1 to 3 without being temporarily stored.
[0135] In this manner, unlike a conventional system, delay caused such that the video information is temporarily stored and then distributed does not occur. For this reason, a delay time from when a video image is photographed to when the video image is displayed by a client can be reduced in comparison with the conventional system.
[0136] Therefore, a proper reaction faster than that of the conventional system can be made to an event occurring for the monitoring position. When video information is multicasted, the video information can be distributed to clients faster than distribution performed by repeating uni-casting to a plurality of destinations.
[0137] When the HDDs 26 are arranged in the IP encoders 11 to 13, unlike a conventional system, video images need not be simultaneously stored in a server. In addition, the video server 8 does not perform real-time distribution.
[0138] In this manner, the processing load on the video server 8 is smaller than that of a conventional system. For this reason, when the video server 8 is requested to perform on-demand distribution, the processing load on the video server 8 does not increase unlike the conventional system. For this reason, a process for an on-demand distribution request is prevented from being delayed.
[0139] In addition, when it is satisfactory that video images stored in the HDD 26 are used, the video server 8 for on-demand distribution of the video image is not necessary. For this reason, the cost required to construct a network system can be suppressed.
[0140] The network system of the present invention can be constituted as the network configuration shown in FIG. 8. More specifically, the network system can be constituted as follows. That is, the camera C1 and the IP encoder 11 are directly connected to each other, the IP encoder 11 is connected to a line concentrater (router) 19a through a network 16a (corresponding to another network in the second invention), and the line concentrater (router) 19a is connected to clients 1a to in constituting a center system and the LAN 7 accommodating the video server 8 and the management system 9.
[0141] In the network configuration shown in FIG. 8, when the IP encoder 11 is designed to store a video image photographed by the camera C1 without any condition, the center system performs monitoring by a real-time display. When a user recognizes the occurrence of an event, the video image can be collected from the HDD 26 to the video server 8 in the IP encoder As described above, only a video image required for the video server 8 can be designed to be stored. For this reason, a network (LAN 7) used to collect video images can be efficiently used. More specifically, lines can be prevented from being continuously busy due to video image collection performed by a video server.
[0142] In the network configuration shown in FIG. 8, unlike the network configuration shown in FIG. 1, the IP encoder 11 transmits video information including multicast designation to the line concentrater (router) 19a, and the router 19a multicasts the video information to the clients 1a to 1n.
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