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The Land of the Leopard (Sicily)
This is going to be a long one, because I'm bubbling over with enthusiasm. I've just returned from a marvellous week in Sicily with my parents, who had very kindly taken pity on me and invited me to join them on Voyages Jules Verne's 'Treasures of Sicily' tour. This post therefore has two parts: the first focuses on Sicily itself and the places we visited, while the second part focuses on my experience of travelling with an organised group.
When I first visited Florence, Venice and Rome, I'd already read a lot about the cities, their art and history. Sicily, like Naples, was more of a mystery. My limited knowledge came from three sources: Lampedusa's Leopard, with its evocative picture of the Palermitan aristocracy in decline; John Julius Norwich's study of the Normans in Sicily, The Kingdom in the Sun (which I admire, but have read only in part); and the recent exhibition at Dulwich of Van Dyck in Sicily. This provided a rough framework, but what I have discovered over the last week is a bewitching island which really is a palimpsest of history. Greek ruins, Roman villas and Norman mosaics sit alongside Baroque churches, 19th-century avenues and bustling modern ports and markets. Everything is overshadowed by the primal power of Etna, Europe's largest active volcano, which the Sicilians refer to with fierce pride as 'la donna Etna', scornfully dismissing any comparison with 'that little hill near Naples'.
It is a country of contrasts: the black basalt of Catania set against the white limestone of Syracuse; the fertile coastal regions, lush with oleander, bougainvillea, caper bushes and palm trees, contrasting with the interior, which teems with orange and lemon groves and vast wheat fields, giving way in turn to barren, mountainous scrubland, peppered with olive trees and villages nestling on crags beneath dilapidated fortresses. The lamplit elegance of an after-dinner stroll along the Corso Umberto in Taormina is starkly different from the shabby, uninviting estates sprawling on the outskirts of Palermo. This is a place whose wealth is in its past, not its present: the modern Sicilians feel abandoned by a government which prioritises the demands of the industrialised North against the desperate people of the so-called Mezzogiorno, where unemployment is currently at 30%. And yet they treasure their separateness – their island identity – resisting plans to build a bridge across the Straits of Messina, which would once and for all make Sicily merely a suburb of Italy.
We've done so much in the last week: we've visited Giardini Naxos, Taormina, Syracuse, Piazza Armerina, Agrigento, Palermo, Cefalu and Monreale. In fact, it's been so busy that I could do with another holiday to recover from it. Here are the six things I enjoyed the most (I couldn't quite get it down to five), which I would thoroughly recommend to anyone else travelling to Sicily:
Palatine Chapel · Puppet Show · Santa Cita
Syracuse Duomo · Piazza Armerina · Etna
THE PALATINE CHAPEL IN THE PALAZZO DEI NORMANNI, PALERMO
For me, this was the highlight of the holiday and a serious contender for the most beautiful thing I have ever seen. Yes, the mosaic cycle at Monreale is larger, but we saw this first and so it had the benefit of surprise. There is also something very powerful about having so much packed into a relatively small space: when I entered through the little door from the courtyard, I was completely stupefied. It was a feeling of such intensity that I've only felt it twice before: once in the Lower Church at Assisi, before Cimabue's Madonna, and once in S. Vitale in Ravenna – yet neither of those occasions affected me as powerfully as this.
Every surface of this relatively small chapel is exquisitely decorated. The floor swirls with cosmati-work and circles of porphyry; the lower parts of the nave walls are clad with geometrical marble patterns incorporating the Star of David and Arabic designs; the upper parts of these walls are covered with mosaics showing the Acts of Sts Peter and Paul. Above the arches of the aisles, the undersides of which show portraits of saints in roundels, are two registers of mosaic, the upper showing the Creation and the lower showing scenes from the Old Testament. The transept arch shows the Annunciation and beyond is the apse, with the Madonna flanked by saints, and Christ Pantocrator above, with his right hand extended in the Greek form of blessing.
The ceilings of the aisles are made from strips of beautifully-painted wood; the main ceiling is a staggering labyrinth of painted, coffered wood by Arabic craftsmen, which puts the vaults of King's College Cambridge to shame. Everywhere there is mosaic, marble intarsia and porphyry, the physical expression of horror vacui transformed into searingly beautiful architecture.
A SICILIAN PUPPET SHOW
This wasn't a planned part of the holiday, but when our guide discovered that the vast majority of people were keen to see a performance, he arranged a private show at the Ippogrifo Puppet Theatre owned by Nino Cuticchio, at Vicolo Ragusi no. 6 (not far from the Quattro Canti). It's about as far as one can get from the English Punch and Judy: the Sicilian puppet shows, which began in the early 19th century, focus on tales of Charlemagne and his paladins and full cycles of the stories can last almost a year, with episodes performed every night. The puppeteers used to be itinerant players, and Signor Cuticchio himself was born on the road as his family travelled the towns and villages of Sicily.
The show was performed in Italian (we were given sheets summarising the action beforehand) and lasted about an hour, with two puppeteers taking all the parts and Signor Cuticchio providing all the voices, while a young assistant played the barrel organ to provide music. We saw one of the most famous parts of the cycle, described on our summary as The Great Duel Between Orlando and Rinaldo for the Beautiful Angelica's Love. It was great fun. The puppets are only about 60 cm high and yet the men have such skill with them, that they swagger around the stage, strike attitudes, draw and sheathe their swords and fight dramatic battles. I was amazed at the violence of the show – but of course these are stories for adults, not only for children: heads were struck off, bodies cloven in two and towards the end the pile of slaughtered Saracens resembled the closing scenes of a Jacobean tragedy. There was a serpent, wonderful demons and devils and even a horse for Rinaldo to ride. Night and sunrise were suggested by a moon and sun floating across the backdrop.
It was all so beautifully done, with great humour and gusto. I think I speak for everyone when I say that we thoroughly enjoyed it. And yet there was a bittersweet air to it: this art form is already struggling to survive, against the lure of TV and cinema, and it's in danger of dying out. It's already something requested more by tourists than by the Sicilians themselves – which is such a shame.
THE ORATORIO DI SANTA CITA, PALERMO
Now, I have to mention this because we went there at my request. Two of my colleagues, on hearing that I was going to Sicily, said, 'You mustn't miss Santa Cita!' and, since it was a small chapel and not likely to take up much time, I asked Voyages Jules Verne if the local guides might be able to fit it into our Palermo itinerary. And they did, bless them. As it happened, our tour focused on Sicily's Classical remains and its medieval mosaics (which I was very happy about) and so Santa Cita provided a balancing dose of the Sicilian Baroque.
This tiny oratory, which housed a confraternity dedicated to the Madonna of the Rosary, was decorated between 1685 and 1690 by Giacomo Serpotta, one of Palermo's foremost stuccatori. Every wall is a dizzying tumble of acanthus leaves, putti, angels and allegorical figures, surrounding little scenes of the Mysteries of the Rosary (the Joyful Mysteries on the left, facing the altar; the Sorrowful on the right; the Glorious behind you on the entrance wall). These teatrini or little theatres show figures sculpted in the round and highlighted with touches of gold leaf, while above each scene three putti adopt poses which summarise or comment on the events happening beneath them. Opposite the altar, the entire entrance wall gives the impression of having been draped with a huge curtain, on which the Glorious Mysteries appear alongside a scene of the Battle of Lepanto, the naval victory against the Turks in 1571 which was won in the name of the Madonna of the Rosary. Above the entrance door Serpotta includes a little plaque showing a serpent, which was his playful signature: in dialect, 'Serpotta' means 'little snake'.
Apart from the touches of gold I mentioned, and one touch of black on the plaque with the serpent, the decoration is all in white. This means that, despite the elaboration, the effect is strangely soothing. You can see the wealth of detail and the monumentality of the sculpture in the photograph above. Now consider that every single part of Serpotta's decoration is made in stucco – essentially, plaster. His skill is astonishing – as is the fact that so fragile a monument has survived intact.
THE DUOMO, SYRACUSE
It was our Syracusan guide who used the word 'palimpsest' (which I borrowed above) to describe Sicily's history, with reference to this remarkable building. The exterior of Syracuse's Duomo is a Baroque confection of blindingly white marble, like a particularly over-the-top wedding cake. Yet the interior is very different.
This is the only Greek temple in the world which is still in use: above you can see a photograph taken from the centre of the church, looking out to one of the aisles. The fluted columns along the outside of the building are those of the Temple of Athena's portico, dating from the 5th century BC, all still intact but with the gaps between them walled in by the Byzantines in the 7th century. The arches between nave and aisles have been carved out of the original wall of the temple's naos – the house of the goddess (you can see the same arches carved into the naos wall at the Temple of Concordia at Agrigento, which was also converted for use as a Christian church, though it has long since been restored to its original form). This building has been, in turn, a Greek temple of Athena, a Roman temple of Minerva, a Byzantine church, an Arab mosque, and once again a Christian church.
The statues you can just see in the above photograph are from the workshop of the ubiquitous Sicilian Renaissance family of sculptors, the Gagini; a side chapel is frescoed in a Mannerist style by Agostino Scilla; the altar of the cathedral is Baroque; the bronze lamps hanging from the arches are 'Liberty-style'; the choir 20th-century. Every fascinating aspect of Sicilian history is here, adapted for new functions but still visible, like the strata of an archaeological dig laid open to the eye.
VILLA ROMANA DEL CASALE, PIAZZA ARMERINA
If even one of the mosaics from this stupendous hunting lodge had turned up in England, it'd be the archaeological find of the century. Here there are 3,500 square metres, dating from the 3rd or 4th century AD. It's still not exactly clear who built the villa: some scholars believe it belonged to Maximianus Herculius, who ruled as co-emperor with Diocletian, while others think it's more likely to have been built by a wealthy local landowner.
Some of the glorious mosaics show scenes from the myths, such as Odysseus offering wine to Polyphemus (the Sicilians believe that the Cyclops lived on Mount Etna), or the Labours of Hercules. The vast majority, however, show scenes that would have been appropriate for the villa's function: roundels with animals' heads pave the peristyle, while a long corridor along the eastern side of the villa shows exotic beasts being loaded onto ships in Africa and Asia and transported to Ostia for the games. Here there are representations of elephants, rhinoceroses, ostriches, gazelles and even a wild boar or warthog. In one of the living rooms there's a vast mosaic showing young men hunting around the villa, which begins with a propitiatory sacrifice to Diana and finishes with a grand outdoor feast underneath a scarlet canopy. And then there are mythological or allegorical scenes: amorini fishing; the Four Seasons; the well-known erotic scene (which now seems rather tame).
But perhaps the most famous mosaics at the Villa are those which give us an insight into aspects of everyday life. My personal favourite was the scene shown above, in a little vestibule beside the baths complex, which shows the mistress of the house taking her two children to bathe, accompanied by two servants carrying ointments and a chest of fresh clothing. The odd black curlicues at their feet signify shadows. But much better-known than this charming scene is the mosaic which the guides universally seem to know as 'the Bikini Girls'. Ten girls, wearing the Roman equivalents of bikinis, are showing taking part in some form of athletic competition: two are running; one lifts weights; another prepares to hurl the discus; and two play a game which looks suspiciously like beach volleyball. On the lower part of the mosaic, the victor is being crowned while last year's winner gives up her garland. Was this some kind of festival in honour of Diana? The guidebook suggests that the room may have been the gym for the daughters of the house, but then, why the presentation ceremony beneath? Intriguing. Answers on a postcard, please.
CLIMBING MOUNT ETNA
It had to be done, of course: Etna is more than twice the height of Ben Nevis, the tallest peak in Great Britain. We were taken up to 2,000 metres by our bus and then those who wished could continue by cable car to 2,500 metres and from there by four-wheel-drive up to almost 3,000 metres. From the place where the four-wheel-drive stops, you can walk with a guide around one of the craters near to the summit where, as you can see above, steam billows constantly out of a vent and, if you knock away the surface, you find hollows of black and red earth which are hot enough to warm your hands against the knifing wind.
Up here it is always cold, even when it's almost 30°C down at sea level. On the day we went, it was cloudy too and billows of mist poured over the ridge as we clambered back to the car. It's like being on another world. At first glimpse, all is grey and featureless – a lunar landscape – but then you spot the red streaks of iron and the white of sulphur in the earth. Pumice and basalt litter the wayside and underfoot it's like walking on scree or soft, black sand. Plumes of steam rise from the earth and cloud covers everything beyond the immediate vicinity, which emphasises your isolation from civilisation. Here you're acutely conscious of the power of nature.
Of course, vulcanologists can now predict eruptions in time to move people to safety; and it is possible to regulate the lava flows to some extent, using explosions to divert them into safe channels; but I still don't think it is possible to truly control Etna in any shape or form. It's a thrilling, alien and sobering place to be.
THE JULES VERNE TOUR
And so to the tour itself. Of course I'd been excited at the prospect of finally seeing the wonderful places I had read about, but I must be frank and admit that the prospect of touring the island by coach had filled me with dread. I'm very much a do-it-yourself kind of girl, and my Italian holidays are generally home-made affairs involving Easyjet, cheap pensioni and travel by train. This was a very different kettle of fish, with visits arranged with military precision and very little leeway for independent sightseeing.
On the one hand, I chafed at being marshalled around, especially because there was no time left to visit the Museo Archaeologico in Syracuse or the Galleria Regionale in Palermo. It was also a shame that on our particular tour the visits to Erice and Selinunte were cancelled a couple of weeks before our departure, which was never really explained. However, on the other hand it was perfectly clear why our trips were so regimented: there was an awful lot to get through, and looking back now I can't help but be impressed at the amount we fitted into the five days of active sightseeing. It would have been virtually impossible to see as much as we did, if I'd put the holiday together by myself; and besides, getting around Sicily by public transport is a bit of a pain. For this first taster of la vita siciliana it was a definite bonus to be taken here and there and deposited right at the door of wherever we were going.
The whole experience of travelling with a group was new to me. At almost all the hotels we had to sit on tables designated for our tour and so we became used to breakfasting and dining together. The experience reminded me a little of the Pensione Bertolini in A Room with a View. Of course, the success of a trip like this depends very heavily on one's fellow travellers and we were tremendously lucky because our group contained a number of knowledgeable and erudite people. The three of us spent most of our time with two couples of retired teachers, who between them covered Classics, geography, English literature and modern languages. Dinner conversation was an absolute dream, taking in Classical myths, Shakespeare's plays, Anna Karenina, Thomas More and Poggio Bracciolini's rediscovery of Lucretius' De rerum natura. It felt just like being back at Oxford. And virtually everywhere we went, one or another of our friends was able to add some extra insights to those offered by our official guides. We even co-opted our Classicist to guide us around the archaeological park at Giardini Naxos on our final morning, when we were finally granted some free time before our afternoon departure.
Speaking of personalities, I'd be remiss if I neglected to mention our guide: the excellent Francesco Canfora of Egmont Viaggi, accompanied by our steadfast driver Carmelo. The first thing you would notice about Francesco is his exuberance – he greeted us each morning with an effervescent cry of, "Buongiorno miei tesori!", which became a catchphrase of the holiday – but he was also very organised and incorporated our requests about the puppet show and Santa Cita. Throughout the trip, he was keen to give us an insight not only into the rich history of his island but also what it's like to live in Sicily now. Without such splendid people, it would have been a vastly inferior experience.
I shall be writing reviews of the hotels we visited on my Tripadvisor account, so if you'd like to find out about some good places to stay in Sicily (and one place to certainly avoid), do take a peek. Plus, you can see the Sicilian section of my library here on LibraryThing. Do feel free to recommend other books on Sicily: fiction, cookery, art, history; I'll be glad of all kinds of suggestions!
All photographs courtesy of my parents, so please do respect copyright and ask me if you would like to use any of them.
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Posted in: Travel | Tagged: antiquities, architecture, art, history, Italy, sculpture, Sicily
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12 thoughts on "The Land of the Leopard (Sicily)"
maryb says:
Sounds like a great trip! I would especially like to see the mosaics. I've never been south of Rome but some day …
The Idle Woman says:
Yes, it definitely was! And in fact you'll be spoiled for mosaics of all kinds – Piazza Armerina, the Palatine Chapel, Monreale, Cefalu… Highly recommended 🙂
Welcome James! Glad to hear Santa Cita went down well (and very flattering that The Idle Woman exerted more of a pull than the sports pages – high praise indeed from an Englishman!!!).
James McCarthy says:
There I was planning to read the sports pages on the train into London but instead I've travelled back to Sicily! Thank you for that and being responsible for getting The Oratoria di Santa Citi on the schedule; definitely in my top three on the tour!
No flattery. Better written than the sports pages and of course, no results that I don't like! So I will be dipping in from time to time to find how well that uncle of yours is doing on the classic rock correspondence course, how far you are running, learn of films I shouldn't have missed, plays I should have gone to ,,,,,,
Hello Janet! I'm so glad this was helpful 🙂 I think I can guess which two hotels you're staying in – you're not doing the same tour that we did, by any chance, are you? As long as you stay away from that hotel in Palermo you'll be fine! And if you do get the chance to try out the Hilton's pool and dinner menu, please do feel free to make me green with envy by telling me how wonderful they were… Have a GREAT time!
We're off to Sicily in a couple of days and I have just read your Trip Advisor review of one of the hotels we're staying in! I shall look out for the bombolini (yum!) and that's a very useful tip about the supermarket. I have printed off "The Land of the Leopard" to entertain Sahib (and me) on the plane. Thanks!
Edited to add: I have now read your TA review of the *other* hotel we are staying in. You seem to have liked it (a lot!) and even though I usually travel hoping for the best but preparing for the worst, it seems a little confidence might not be misplaced this time!
Duty done, and a great time was had! It wasn't the Hilton after all, but another lovely one nearby in Giardini Naxos. Our other hotel was in Agrigento. Wow, Sicily was spectacular. We went with Riviera, so not the same holiday as you, but very many of the same destinations. I carried your review everywhere and even passed it on, rather battered, to a new arrival the night before we left! It was so interesting to read in the evenings, after we'd done the visits, and to compare your reactions with mine. Very sadly there was not time for use to see much in Palermo and I was bitterly disappointed not to visit the Palatine Chapel, but we did go to Monreale and as I'd recently finished reading The Sarantine Mosaic, it made a huge impression on me. I just … couldn't … stop … looking at Christ Pancreator. But the absolute highlight was the mosaics at the Villa Romana del Casale. Until Sicily, I'd probably have said, "Mosaics? Yeah, whatever – I grew up in Verulamium, you know." But these were so incredibly lively and entertaining that it felt as if the mosaicist had done them just yesterday. Many of them reminded me of Pauline Baynes drawings – almost medieval. Do you remember the one of the tiger attacking the gazelle? It looked like something out of a David Attenborough documentary!
Mount Etna – il Mongibello, even though she's feminine – very obligingly let off a few bangs for us too, and the day we went up was as clear as a bell, though freezing cold right at the top, and we both felt quite light-headed in the thin air. One of our travelling companions even had to be taken down to lower altitude rather quickly as his heartbeat slowed dangerously. And finally, the whole island was smothered in spring flowers and the evenings were heady with the scent of orange blossom. In an attempt to keep the spirit alive I have planted some Italian tomato seeds!
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US, Mexico announce enforcement of worker protection agreement
WASHINGTON, DC – On Thursday, July 8, the U.S. and Mexico announced a comprehensive plan to ensure that international labor standards are being enforced at the General Motors' facility in Silao, Mexico. This effort represents the first step of remediation under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. Through this type of enforcement, American workers are protected from unfair trade practices and are able to compete and succeed in the manufacturing sector.
U.S. Secretary of Labor Marty Walsh reacted to this historic plan:
"If we are to succeed in protecting workers' rights at home, we must ensure that those rights will not be undermined by exploitative labor practices and violations of collective bargaining rights around the world," he said. "This agreement shows the commitment of the Biden-Harris administration to centering workers in our trade policy and – if executed faithfully – it promises to result in meaningful gains for workers on both sides of our border."
The plan reflects the strong partnership between the department and the Mexican Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare here working closely with the Office of U.S. Trade Representative and the Office and the Mexican Secretariat of the Economy. While focused on providing remedy to the more than 6,000 unionized workers of the GM facility in Silao, the plan also includes measures to strengthen policies that will improve bargaining rights and freedom of association more broadly to workers in Mexico.
The joint statement from the U.S. and Mexico follows:
United States and Mexico Announce Course of Remediation
for Workers' Rights Denial at Auto Manufacturing Facility in Silao
First Course of Remediation under the USMCA Rapid Response Labor Mechanism
Washington and Mexico City – The United States and Mexico today announced a course of remediation which seeks to provide the workers of the General Motors facility in Silao, Mexico with the ability to vote on whether to approve (legitimize) their collective bargaining agreement in free and democratic conditions, and to remediate the denial of the right of free association and collective bargaining to workers at the facility. This first course of remediation under United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement's novel Rapid Response Labor Mechanism reflects the shared intent of the United States and Mexico that trade benefit workers.
Today's action follows the request for review under the Rapid Response Labor Mechanism which the United States sent to Mexico on May 12, 2021, in response to concerns arising from events preceding, during, and surrounding an April 2021 legitimization vote of a collective bargaining agreement for workers at the facility. Mexico conducted a review in response to the request, and on June 25 commenced discussions on a remediation plan. The course of remediation builds on steps already being taken by the Mexican government. As part of the course of remediation, Mexico will, among other items:
Ensure that a new legitimization vote is held at the facility by Aug. 20, 2021.
Have federal inspectors from the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare present at the facility starting this week, to prevent and address any intimidation and coercion occurring.
Permit, at and before the new legitimization vote, a robust presence of impartial international observers from the International Labor Organization to be at the facility, and permit domestic observers from a Mexican autonomous institution to be at the vote.
Distribute accurate workers' rights information at the facility.
Investigate and, as appropriate, sanction anyone responsible for the conduct that led to the suspension of the April vote and any other violation of law related to that vote that occurred before the vote, at the vote, after the vote, or in connection with the August vote.
Monitor an email address and create and staff a hotline phone number with STPS officials to receive and respond to complaints from workers about the voting process.
The course of remediation is the result of the commitment of the U.S. and Mexican governments to workers' rights and represents a success for the workers in the facility.
The course of remediation's end date is Sept. 20, 2021.

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• photography courtesy of @riadjardinsecret.


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I was born in a small town in northern California; I have two sisters, and happily married parents. My parents got certified when my sisters and me were relatively young. Once we were all old enough we were able to get certified, I was 14 when I completed my PADI OW certification. This experience began a lifelong love of the ocean and diving. Between when I got certified and graduated high school my diving experience only consisted of family vacations, once a year. During these vacations I was fortunate enough to visit locations like; Hawaii, Fiji, Cozumel, Belize, Key west, Cancun, and San Diego. Between this time I managed to rack up around 75 dives and an Advanced open water certification. After a year of college I found out about a study abroad opportunity that centered on diving. The program was called SEAmester, and it was a 3 month long trip aboard a 88ft schooner, this trip involved learning sailing skills, diving, and hiking around the various islands while studying marine biology and oceanography. The trip offered certifications from open water to dive master, depending on what certification you had at the beginning of the trip. So I decided to take a Rescue diver class at Dolphin Scuba in Sacramento before I left on the trip so I could achieve the dive master certification. During this trip my life became scuba, I began to lead dives and help the newer divers with any problems that they had, and gained my first nickname "Scuba Steve" a little cliché but fun. We had traveled from the British Virgin Islands to Grenada and back over the course of 3 month and dove on every single island. I returned from the trip with my new calling, I moved to Santa Cruz California to be closer to the ocean with hopes of living my dream of diving for work. This dream was soon crushed; Santa Cruz and Monterey are not industries where dive masters are in high demand. So I took the next logical step, I moved to Grand Cayman, began an internship with a dive shop called Divers Down and lived my dream until I could start my Instructor Development Course (IDC). The time spent working in the Caymans was better than I had imagined, 4 to 5 dives a day then drinks at the bar with all of the people that you got to dive with. This happened every day. But all things must come to an end, I was able to pass my Instructor Exam (IE) and received my Open Water Scuba Instructor (OWSI) certification and returned home to Santa Cruz. Once again luck was on my side and I was able to find a job relatively quickly with Adventure Sports Unlimited, the owner Dennis and Ginny were willing to take a chance on the new guy and I am very grateful for that opportunity. I began my professional career with a bevy of hand me down equipment with the exception of a BCD I had purchased before going to the Caymans and a computer my father had purchased me as a present. I found it a pretty big shock to venture into cold water, especially because my first experience was while assisting with a class. But I figured things out relatively quickly, and replaced many of my hand me down pieces of equipment.


text:
Morphomordellochroa is a genus of beetles in the family Mordellidae, containing the following species:

 Morphomordellochroa guineensis Ermisch, 1969
 Morphomordellochroa testacea Ermisch, 1969

References

Mordellidae

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Q: How to determine whether the request is asking for JSON in CodeIgniter? It's possible to determine whether the request is using Ajax in CodeIgniter. Is there any way in CodeIgniter, similar to Laravel's Request::wantsJson(), to determine whether the request is asking for JSON?

A: Well, if there is an application/json content type header
like
'Content-Type application/json'
Then you just get the header like so,
$content_type = $this->input->get_request_header('Content-Type', TRUE);

Then formulate a conditional response based on the value of $content_type.
Yo.

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The agenda for the meeting of the North Bovey Parish Council on Tuesday 12 February 2019 is below.
The meeting will take place at 7.30pm in the Parish Hall, in North Bovey.
Press and members of the Public are most welcome.
A paper copy of this agenda will also be displayed on the Parish Council noticeboard on the Parish Hall.


text:
College: Pharmacy
Buckley Confirmed as New Chancellor for the University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Written by Peggy Reisser
Peter F. Buckley, MD, became the 11th chancellor of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) today, after a unanimous confirmation vote by the University of Tennessee System Board of Trustees. His appointment is effective February 1, 2022. Most-recently dean of the School of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) and executive vice president of medical affairs for the VCU Health… Read More
UTHSC Advisory Board Holds Final Meeting for 2021
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center's Advisory Board met virtually Wednesday for its last meeting of 2021, receiving a condensed look at UTHSC Chancellor Steve Schwab's 2021 State of the University Address and an overview of the numbers behind the university's anticipated tuition recommendation for FY 2023. Anthony Ferrara, CPA, MAS, senior vice chancellor… Read More
Pimentos Opens in UTHSC's Madison Plaza Food Court
Memphis-based Pimentos opened its newest location in the food court in the Madison Plaza on the University of Tennessee Health Science Center's Memphis campus. Hours of operation are 7 a.m. to 3 p.m., Monday through Friday. The restaurant joins Starbucks, Chick-fil-A, and Soi No. 9 in the university's food court located in the lobby of… Read More
UTHSC Advisory Board to Meet November 17
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center's Advisory Board will meet virtually Wednesday, November 17, at 2 p.m. CDT for its final meeting of 2021. Interested individuals are encouraged to watch the meeting online. Information to access the meeting is available at https://www.uthsc.edu/advisory-board/index.php. Items on the agenda are: The chancellor's fall semester report and recap of… Read More
Public Art Installation Draws Attention to Pedestrian Safety
Faculty, staff, and students arriving at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center this morning, as well as motorists traveling on Madison Avenue where it bisects the campus, were met with a stark and silent reminder of a major public safety problem across the city. A traveling art installation set up in the green space… Read More
2021 A Challenging, but Good Year, Chancellor Reports
In his 12th and final State of the University Address Thursday, Chancellor Steve J. Schwab, MD, said 2021 has been a challenging, but good year for the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. Speaking from the Mooney Library in the newly renovated Historic Quadrangle at the center of the Memphis campus and via Zoom, the… Read More
AED/CPR Trainings Set This Month for UTHSC Campus Community
Eleven years ago, Kelly Rogers, PharmD, BCCP, FCCP, FACC, professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, organized a CPR/AED training class for the campus community. The free class has been held every year since, with the exception of 2020, when the global pandemic intervened, said Dr. Rogers,… Read More
UTHSC College of Pharmacy Alumnus Named Mrs. Pakistan
Written by Nathan Handley
Faria Chaudhry, PharmD, a 2020 graduate of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, was named Mrs. Pakistan USA at the Miss Pakistan USA pageant August 31. Dr. Chaudhry was also named Mrs. Perfect, Mrs. People's Choice, and Mrs. Photogenic. Miss Pakistan USA is a pageant for Pakistani women worldwide, which seeks… Read More
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His Holiness the Dalai Lama interacting with young Indian scholars at his residence in Dharamsala, HP, India on January 24, 2019.
One family influences another, and then another, then ten, a hundred, and a thousand, and thus the whole of society will be better off.
His Holiness the Dalai Lama proposed that reviving ancient Indian understanding of the mind and emotions, reason and logic, in modern India, is a contribution Tibetans can make.
Interacting with a delegation of Indian scholars at his residence, His Holiness the Dalai Lama observed that although such knowledge developed in India, in the course of time, interest in it diminished.
"However, we Tibetans have kept it alive and have brought it back to the land of its birth," he said.
His Holiness mentioned that in the re-established Monastic Universities in India, there are 10,000 monks and nuns who are trained and equipped to teach the ancient Indian wisdom.
"Now we have ten thousand monk students who have studied this tradition for twenty to thirty years." He added that they are available to teach the ancient knowledge among Indians.
At the age of 83, His Holiness said he has committed himself —with the help of the monastic community—to revive the ancient Indian knowledge through education based on the Indian secular understanding.
He asserted that ancient Indian knowledge is not only relevant but valuable in today's world where societies are fundamentally facing an emotional crisis.
The entire corpus of Buddhist texts could be classified into three: Science, mainly mind and emotion; Philosophy and Religion. Of which, His Holiness argued that the Buddhist science and philosophy can be introduced in education system as an academic subject on human mind and emotions.
"India's ancient knowledge is very useful to today's world. Now in order to help other countries, first this knowledge should be revived in this country. You, Indians please pay more attention to your ancient knowledge on inner world. Without inner peace, we cannot achieve external peace," His Holiness concluded.


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Q: New Cassandra nodes in cluster with different version I have a Cassandra cluster with 3 nodes running on v3.11.4
I want to add 3 more nodes to this cluster. Now, Cassandra v4 is available so i have installed it on the new nodes.
When i restart Cassandra, the new nodes are unable to join the cluster.
Error: There are nodes in the cluster with a different schema version than us
I even tried added skip_schema options in jvm-server.options file but still the nodes could not join.
Please help me how can i add the new nodes in the existing cluster. I want to keep v4 for new nodes so i don't have to update these when upgrading older nodes to v4.

A: It isn't possible to add nodes running a new major version to the cluster. You will only be able to add nodes running Cassandra 3.11.
They won't be able to stream data to each other because they have different formats. This is the reason you can't run repairs during an upgrade. You also can't add or decommission nodes in the middle of an upgrade. Cheers!

A: So the plan forward here, would be to shut down the Cassandra 4.0 nodes.  Then upgrade the 3.11 nodes to 4.0.  Then adding the new 4.0 nodes should work as expected.


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Check out the new Smash content, and stay for the Treehouse Live session afterwards for tons of Nintendo content!
A quick mention and some new footage of the team. But is it a REAL Star Fox game? Can Falco be trusted?
A new Smash Bros for Switch will be shown off and used in a tournament, plus lots of new game reveals and footage on Tuesday. Can't wait!
See Nintendo's 3DS focused Nintendo Direct tomorrow at 7AM Pacific.


-5KG Large Weighing Range: Featuring a newly enlarged weighing platform, this digital kitchen scale weighs up to 5000g / 176oz - one of the largest in its class, to accommodate large food items or bowls.
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This scale is really formidable, both for construction quality that precision in addition to the designe really cute, looks like in the description, has many features and all with already two AAA batteries included, paid just under € 8 excellent purchase.
Точные весы, с современным дизайном до 5 кг. Батарейки шли в комплекте.
Accurate and modern looking design scale weighing up to 5 kg. 2 batteries included.
Нормальные весы, красивые, батарейки в комплекте, работают, пока никаких проблем нет, коробка удобная и прочная.
1.- Buena Calidad de material.
2.- Muy exacta para pesar.
3.- solo utiliza 2 baterías y las tiene incluidas.
No tengo contras por ahora.
Отличные весы, выглядят очень стильно и современно. Батарейки в комплекте. Есть все нужные меры весов, кг, мл.
Great compact kitchen scales, amazing design and very accurate, definently worth the purchase if anyone if keen for an item to weigh things.


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International tourists who need a new go-to place for a holiday or vacation might go to the city of Dubai. Some of the busiest establishments in the world include Dubai holiday resorts which has gotten full brim of activities in the past couple of years.
The tourists around the world who continue to flock to this country grow in numbers as it opens its doors to the globe. With the mix of new sights, modern skyscrapers, man made innovations and cosmopolitan night scenes, Dubai has a lot more to boast for than the usual attractions found in Arabian countries like sand dunes and architectural finds.
Vacationers in Dubai will find that wild parties are not to be expected in this region since most of the locals hold their culture and beliefs sacred. Tourists who are looking for a fun filled but less rowdy vacation ventures will find Dubai as the perfect place for their holidays.
Some Dubai holiday resorts provide their guests with a wide assortments of leisure activities that can amply fit their vacation schedules. Most resorts like these are found located along the coast where a perfect view of the southern gulf can be observed. There are resorts that provides extra amenities like gyms, spas and private swimming pools. The resorts may also offer special deals and packages for scuba diving and boat tours that you can inquire about if such activities interests you. You have to keep in mind though that the more activities you add to your package, the more expensive it becomes. To help you decide, choose the kinds of amenities and activities that you absolutely have to have during your Dubai holiday vacation. Try squeezing in everything that can fit your budget. If you have insufficient budget for everything that you need, simply trim your list down starting from the bottom. Now, if you have some more money left after your "must-dos," then you can choose from the host of other exciting activities in Dubai.
Tourists that are lodged in Dubai holiday resorts need not go far to enjoy their holidays, which is one of the great things about these resorts. All you have to do is to step out to dig your toes into the fine warm sand and feel the waves lap at your feet. You can enjoy an active and vibrant vacation in the resort with enough amenities that can fill your needs. Since it is warm in Dubai all year round, you can have your beach vacation in any one of their resorts any time you want to.


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Ok, I'm officially hyped for the Assassin's Creed movie. It's not huge news, but it's just another indication Ubisoft and the rest of the folks behind the Assassin's Creed are going all in.
All of the historical scenes in the Assassin's Creed movie will be shot in Spanish. Get your glasses. We're going to be reading.
Nice! The more I hear about Assassin's Creed, the more I believe this will be the one that finally breaks the streak of bad video game movies. Yeah, the 65/35 percent split between present day and past isn't ideal. But remember, the present day was garbage in the video games because of gameplay. Not necessarily story.
With a movie, transitions between present and past can be much faster than in a video game. It's jarring in a game. Not so much in a movie. Plus, a 65/35 split isn't that bad when you consider all the setup that's going to have to happen. Getting Fassbender hooked up to the Animus, figuring out how to use it, his eventual escape (you know it's happening) and so on.
So, language appropriate scenes join the 'Leap of Faith' and the Assassin's Creed combat fans love from the games.
The pieces are in place for a solid movie. I'm crossing my fingers it will be. I want more Assassin's Creed movies, but more importantly, more video game movies. Halo movie anyone?
Total Film's latest issue comes out Friday. Pick up a copy for the full interview with Kurzel along with Michael Fassbender, Marion Cotillard and Jeremy Irons.
Assassin's Creed's release date is set for December 21, 2016. You're playing with fire, Ubisoft. Five days after Rogue One? I hope you know what you're doing.


After all our fun at the Monster Jam Show (read all my posts here), I bet my son is thinking about driving his own Monster Truck!
Today after picking my son up from the bus, and finding replacement shoes for the ones thrown out the window, we headed over to the park for a play date. I confess it's been a while since I hung out with the other Japanese moms with blasian kids in my area. I see them on a regular while walking around, but tend to say hi and bye quickly and then go on my way.
I KNOW we should get the kids together again but honestly I feel a bit out of place being the only black mom surrounded by Asian moms. Can you fault me for that? It ain't easy looking like the babysitter. Tsk!
But recently with all the "what color am I" questions I've been dealing with from my son I have to acknowledge it ain't easy for him either. The same need to see someone like himself is in his head and heart also. It's not fair to keep him away. And so we....I....finally made plans for a blasian play date. This time with only one Japanese mom and her son. I figured I wouldn't look to much like a babysitter with those odds.
Soon the kids started getting tired, especially Daniel who didn't have a nap, and it was time to head home. As we walked back. Well we walked. The Japanese mom piggy backed her son. Is this an Asian mom thing? Cause I don't think a black mom will piggy back a 5 year old. I barely hip carry my 4 year old. Barely.
Anyway, the little boy kept asking if we're coming to their house now. I explained Daniel is tired and we need to go to our own house and rest. Then I promised we'd visit their house another day.
I promised and I mean to keep that promise.
Because this is the same little boy we meet months ago who was excited Daniel looked liked him. I'm sure it means something to this little boy to play with Daniel. I'm sure it's along the same lines of what it means to Daniel. Something I can identify with but never quite understand.
I know what it's like to want to see someone who looks like you. Who's brown like you. Who can identify with being "black" in this world. But I don't know what it's like to be biracial. To have the idea of different twice being part of your identity. I don't know what my son is thinking about being biracial beyond the questions he asks me. But maybe this little boy and other's blasian children like him does.
This is my son's community. I'm lucky that I found them. I need to allow him full access to it.....even if I do look like the babysitter.


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Friday, 30 January 2015: Woolworths, the fresh food people, have signed on to be the Official Supermarket of the Australian Olympic Team for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.
The partnership means Woolworths Supermarkets will support the team as they prepare to represent Australia in the greatest sporting show on earth.
The announcement was made in Melbourne at an Ignite Roadshow, part of the 'Road to Rio' and an opportunity for the Australian Olympic Committee to engage and inspire Olympic hopefuls ahead of team selection. The roadshow allows athletes to meet, enjoy a barbecue and some great Australian fresh food provided by Woolworths.
Woolworths Chief Marketing Officer, Tony Philips, said the partnership was a natural fit for both organisations.
"Woolworths are the fresh food people and we want to help inspire a healthy Australia. Olympic athletes are at the absolute top of their game and we hope together we can inspire Australians to lead fit and healthy lifestyles. Our athletes know the benefits of great fresh, nutritious food and so do we.
"We've been a proud Australian company since we were founded more than 90 years ago. That year Australia sent 37 athletes to the Paris Olympics and they came home with six medals. Woolworths and the Australian Team have come a long way since then and we're very proud to be able to support the team for Rio in 2016," he said.
Chef de Mission of the 2016 Australian Olympic Team, Kitty Chiller, said "On behalf of the athletes, we welcome Woolworths as a valued member of the Australian Olympic Team.
"Food and nutrition are vital for athletes as they strive to beat the best and our Team will benefit greatly from the support of Woolworths. We are all on a winner with Woolies," she said.
The partnership will continue through to the end of 2016 and will include a number of other events and opportunities for Woolworths and Olympic team members to work together.
For further information please contact: Woolworths Press Office on (02) 8885 1033.
Download a copy of our Woolworths supports the Australian Olympic Team on the Road to Rio 2016	Find out more


text:
Q: How do I use a flask REST api for authenticating in a react app? I am trying to create a frontend for a database, and I have created a REST api in flask which authenticates using a JWT stored in an httpOnly cookie. I need to make sure if a user tries to access a page that authentication is checked by the react frontend and the flask backend. The resources all have the @jwt_required decorator, so they cannot be accessed without one. What I need to do is redirect the user to my react login screen if they have not yet authenticated with the api. I have a solution that kind of works, but it uses an asynchronous fetch call to the api to check if the user is currently authenticated. Below is the code I am using.
App.js
    function App() {

  return (
    <Routes>
      <Route path="/" element={<Login />} />
      <Route path="/dashboard" element={<AuthCheck><Dashboard /></AuthCheck>} />
    </Routes>
  )
}

As you can see, I have wrapped the child component in the component I am using to check authentication.
AuthCheck.js
const AuthCheck = ({ children }) => {

    const navigate = useNavigate();
    const fetchData = async () => {
        const res = await fetch("/authcheck", {
            mode: 'cors',
            method: "GET",
            credentials: 'include',
            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
        })
        if (!res.ok) {
            navigate('/');
        }
    }

    useEffect(() => {
        fetchData();
    })

    return children;
}

I am checking the credentials with the api using the authcheck resource in the api. This does technically work, but since I am using an async function, it will render the entire child component first and then redirect me if not authenticated. Is there any way to get around rendering the child component before authenticating?
I am open to trying a different form of authentication all together if need be, but I have read that using an httpOnly cookie with csrf protection on the flask backend for jwt authentication is a secure way to go.


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Statue of Nude Pregnant Woman Upsets Long Island Village
Published at 3:48 am on May 7, 2014
A 33-foot bronze sculpture of a nude pregnant woman with an exposed fetus, skull and tissue is upsetting some people in a ritzy Long Island village, causing children to have nightmares, the mayor says.
The statue, "The Virgin Mother" by British artist Damien Hirst, sits on a conservation easement of the historic Old Westbury estate of real estate mogul Aby Rosen.
Mayor Fred Carillo told NBC 4 New York that several people had written letters about the statue. Parents told him kids could see it from a passing school bus and were terrified.
"The residents were upset that the children in the area could see this," Carillo said.
The mayor said Rosen has been amenable to adding landscaping around the statue to better conceal it, and is working with the town to come up with a solution. In the meantime it has been covered with a black tarp.
Officials say the village has strict rules regulating easements, and the statue was installed without proper permitting and architectural board approval. The statue previously sat in the courtyard at Lever House in midtown.
The village is considering limiting such "accessory structures" to a height of 25 feet. A hearing on the issue is set for May 19.
According to his website, Hirst has created several versions of the piece, which he says is posed in a way to recall Edgar Degas' "Little Dancer of Fourteen Years."
Hirst said the reference to Degas "is kind of naughty; she shouldn't really be pregnant. I wanted a feeling of that."
Rosen had no comment, according to Newsday.
--Michael George contributed to this story


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text:
Akai Gurley
National | thebuzzcincy Staff
Here Are All The Reasons Cops Have Killed Black People
Alton Sterling's death at the hands of Baton Rouge police officers and the recent shooting of Philando Castile, who was shot by Minnesota police during a routine traffic stop, are just two of many that fall into the same category ― Black people being assaulted and killed by police while performing normal, day-to-day tasks.
NYPD Failed To Give Dying Black Man CPR For 10 Minutes, Video Shows
Williams was caught selling MetroCard swipes on September 17, 2013 and ran from the police. He was eventually tackled to the ground and restrained by handcuffs at 1:57 p.m., according to the surveillance footage.
News | thebuzzcincy Staff
Ex-NYPD Cop Peter Liang's Manslaughter Conviction Reduced
A Brooklyn judge on Tuesday reduced ex-New York Police Department officer Peter Liang's conviction in the death of Akai Gurley in a darkened public housing stairwell, arguing that the rookie officer never intended to kill the unarmed man in 2014, reports the Los Angeles Times.
Manslaughter Conviction Stands Against Ex-NYPD Cop Peter Liang After Challenge
A judge ruled Thursday that a manslaughter conviction will stand against a former New York Police officer who shot and killed an unarmed Black man in a public housing stairwell, The Associated Press reports.
Arts & Entertainment, National | thebuzzcincy Staff
No Jail Time For Officer Who Killed Akai Gurley? Roland Martin & Tamika Mallory Weigh In
Roland Martin talks to Tamika Mallory of the New York Justice League, about the black Brooklyn DA not wanting the cop who killed Akai Gurley…
DA Suggests Community Service, House Arrest For Cop Who Killed Akai Gurley
Brooklyn District Attorney Kenneth Thompson suggested that former NYPD cop Peter Liang should serve community service and house arrest instead of jail time.
NYPD Probes CPR Instructor Of Cop Who Fatally Shot Akai Gurley
NYPD officials are investigating the Police Academy CPR instructor who trained the officer convicted of fatally shooting Akai Gurley. They've taken her gun and shield.
Ex-NYPD Cops Blame Akai Gurley For His Fatal Shooting Death
Peter Liang and Shaun Landau responded to a $50 million lawsuit by blaming the victim, the Daily News reports.
NEWS ROUNDUP: Kentucky Gov. Sues Planned Parenthood…AND MORE
On Thursday, Kentucky Gov. Matt Bevin shared that the state filed a lawsuit against the nonprofit organization, claiming that their Louisville location performed illegal abortions without a license.
NYPD Cop Peter Liang Found Guilty In Fatal Shooting Of Akai Gurley
Rookie NYPD officer Peter Liang, who gunned down unarmed Akai Gurley in the darkened stairwell of a Brooklyn public housing project, was found guilty of manslaughter late Thursday, reports the New York Daily News. Liang faces up to 15 years in prison when he is sentenced later this year. News of the verdict spread rapidly across social media mostly because it represents […]
NEWS ROUNDUP: Jury Deliberations Begin For Cop Who Shot Akai Gurley…AND MORE
If found guilty, 28-year-old police officer Peter Liang could face up to 15 years behind bars.
Testimony Heard For NYPD Cop Peter Liang In Akai Gurley Shooting
Officer Peter Liang, the Asian rookie NYPD cop who is accused of shooting and killing Black unarmed Brooklyn man Akai Gurley, has opted to have his case heard by a jury. As the selection of the jury is still days away, testimony was heard Tuesday in court regarding evidence and statements made by Liang after […]


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Home > WordPress User Guide > User Management
Site administrators are able to add, edit, and remove users from their site.
WordPress gives site administrators the ability to add, edit, and remove users. The process for managing users is slightly different than out-of-the-box WordPress sites because your site will need to authenticate access through Harvard Key. To do this, log into WordPress and click the Authorizer link in the WordPress navigation.
Site administrators can add users by providing an email address and role.
On the screen, you will see a list of pending users, approved users, and blocked users. To add a new user, scroll to the Approved Users section. This shows a list of all existing users. Scroll to the bottom of the list and click on the email address field. Enter the new user's email address. Then select their role and click the Approve button.
To change an existing user's access level, click into the user's role dropdown and select the new level of access you'd like them to have. Once selected, this will automatically save.
To remove an existing user, click on the x icon on the far right of the user's row. To block the user, click on the minus icon on the far right of the user's row.
For convenience, this table is also available on your WordPress dashboard.
You must have Administrator or Site Owner level access to add users to the site.
Site Owners are expected to maintain an up-to-date list of site users on their site's wiki page within the GSD's site documentation wiki.
User Roles and Capabilities
WordPress provides users with different access depending on the role they are assigned. The user levels available on your site include:
Administrator: A user who has access to all the administration features within a single site, and can read Harvard Key protected content. This level of access is typically reserved for the GSD's web team. External vendors may also be granted this permission level, if their services require access.
Site Owner: The highest level of access for content creators. This user has access to most administrative features within a single site, and can read Harvard Key protected content. Site Owners are restricted from adding plugins to the site.
Editor: A user who can publish and manage all pages and posts, including the posts of other users, and read Harvard Key protected content.
Author: A user who can publish and manage their own pages and posts, and read Harvard Key protected content.
Contributor: A user who can write and manage their own pages and posts but cannot publish them, and read Harvard Key protected content.
Subscriber: A user who can only manage their profile, and read Harvard Key protected content.
The GSD encourages all Site Owners to regularly review their site's users and remove any user that no longer needs access.


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Prof. Marcel H. Zwietering, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
Talk Title: "Zero Risk does not Exist"
Marcel studied Biotechnology at Wageningen University and finished cum laude his PhD project in 1993 entitled 'Modeling of the microbial quality of food'. He continued in the Food Process Engineering group as tenured assistant and later associate professor. His research focused on quantitative microbiology and risk assessment. In 1995 he joined the Unilever research lab in Colworth House, UK during his sabbatical leave. In 1998 he moved to the research lab of Danone in France, where he worked on starter cultures, symbiosis, metabolic flux analysis, and quantitative risk assessment. Since 2003 he is professor in Food Microbiology at Wageningen University and his chair focusses on research subjects in the domain of food safety management, risk analysis, fermentation, detection and hygiene, eco-physiology and functional genomics. Marcel published more than 200 papers and has a h-factor of 42. He is editor of the International Journal of Food Microbiology and member of the editorial board of the Journal of Food Protection. Marcel is co-chair of the ILSI-Europe Microbiological Food Safety task force, and he is regularly invited for international expert consultations for the FAO/WHO, EFSA, and Codex working groups. He is also member of the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, the Dutch Health Council, and the Academic Board of Wageningen University. Marcel currently supervises 10 PhD students and has supervised more than 30 PhD students.
Personal page: http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/Persons/Marcel-Zwietering.htm
Laboratory page: http://www.fhm.wur.nl


Niclas Fasth conquers VIII Madeira Island Open in Santo da Serra.
Niclas Fasth led the competition from start to finish to become the Swedish quarter to win the Madeira Island Open in eight editions of the biggest sporting event on Madeira Island.
Fasth won the title with 66, 72, 68 and 73 strokes, two fewer than a trio of Englishman Mark Davis, Scot Ross Drummond and his fellow countryman Richard S. Johnson.
"It was a great honour to play on the Madeira Island Open, the course is fantastic, the Clubhouse very beautiful, the food even better and the caring phenomenal. I hope to return…"


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Twitch Streaming: Tutorials for PC, PS4 and Xbox
How to stream on Twitch with PC, PS4 or XboX One
What kind of content is Twitch suitable for?
Twitch streaming: technical requirements
Streaming on Twitch: how it works
Step 1: install streaming software
Step 2: creating a Twitch account
Step 3: setting up your Twitch channel
Step 4: configuring you Twitch channel
Step 5: linking broadcasting software to Twitch
Step 6: start your Twitch channel
How to stream on Twitch with a PS4
How to stream Xbox One games on Twitch
If you love video games and want to share your gaming experience with other gamers, then you probably already know about Twitch. With 15 million active users every day, and live video from more than two million different players a month, the streaming platform is the undisputed number one in the gaming world. However, Twitch's range of functions goes far beyond streaming video games: the service, which was bought by Amazon for almost a billion dollars in 2014, has long become a social setting for professional streamers and simple computer game enthusiasts. The prerequisites needed to stream on Twitch and how to set up your own channel are explained in this Twitch stream tutorial.
First and foremost, Twitch is considered the first choice for PC video game fans, PlayStation, Xbox, and Nintendo console fans. As a result, most of the monthly broadcast transmissions are streams for these formats. There are no genre restrictions on Twitch, which means you have freedom of choice as both a viewer and a streamer. Of course, streaming a game that is already popular is a good idea if you want to get as many users as possible interested in, and viewing your content.
A large proportion of Twitch's regular traffic are streaming channels that are otherwise characterized by direct references to video games. For example, many game developers operate their own channels, as well as magazine publishers that deal with gaming topics, gaming hardware, etc. Twitch streams e-sport events including interviews, panel discussions, etc. Gaming conventions are also becoming increasingly popular to stream.
In order to protect your privacy, the video will not load until you click on it.
Although Twitch's focus is on gaming, the platform is becoming more popular among users with other interests too. Content categories like IRL (in-real-life), creative, fitness, or music provide space for topics beyond the computer world – whether politics, cooking, health, crafts, fashion, or music. A more detailed overview of the development and importance of streaming on Twitch is available in our basic article on "What is Twitch?".
Before you set up your own Twitch channel and select streaming settings for your videos, you first need to make a good technical framework. When it comes to hardware, there are three basic areas to consider:
System performance: Broadcasting a twitch stream consumes additional system resources, so you need to be sure you have enough computing power. For example, Twitch recommends at least one Intel Core i5-4670 or a comparable AMD model and eight gigabytes of RAM for streaming PC games. The operating system requires at least Windows 7. You do not have to go into a lot of detail with gaming consoles - as long as you know the system is correct - since their hardware setup is often predefined. Checking that the version you have is supported by the streaming platform is usually sufficient.
Webcam: In principle, you can stream or upload content that does not feature a person visually. It is not necessary to make yourself visible to the audience when recording live. However, there are hardly any successful channels on Twitch that do not feature the physical person playing. When they are visible, the streamer's emotions are much clearer when the audience can immediately see you and can react to you. Corresponding webcams that deliver HD-quality images are already available in the low double-digit dollar range.
Microphone: Although the most important component of a live video – particularly when it comes to video games – is picture quality, you should not underestimate the importance of decent sound quality. Music as a background for streamed Twitch content is not uncommon, but using it all the time can quickly lead to boredom among the audience. With your own audio commentary, you can give your channel a little extra something and you can use a simple headset microphone to record it. However, if you want to go for something of a higher standard, we recommend using a stand-alone USB microphone.
You also need to have enough bandwidth on an existing Internet connection. Otherwise, your Twitch stream will run very haltingly, or not transmit to potential viewers at all.
Once you have the hardware you need, you can start setting up your Twitch account and linking to the streaming software (also called broadcasting software). In the latter scenario, you can choose between different options like Bebo, Gameshow, or XSplit Gamecaster by OBS studio used in this switch stream tutorial. For a listing of the most common tools, visit the official Twitch page.
Start by choosing a streaming software and then visit their website to download the installation files. The OBS studio used in this tutorial is available to download for free from obsproject.com. This open source program, whose source code can be extended and customized by anyone, runs with Windows, macOS, and Linux. Just select the appropriate version you need and start the installation process by double-clicking the file or shell command after downloading.
OBS Studio not only supports streaming on Twitch, but can also be used for live broadcasts on other platforms like YouTube gaming, Mixer, or Smashcast
The next step is to create a user account with Twitch. To do this, go to the Twitch homepage and select the register button located at the top right of the navigation bar. The registration, which only requires a username, password, and valid e-mail address, is free of charge. There is also an option to choose a paid Prime subscription, which links the platform to Amazon's Prime offer, among other things. After entering your information, you will receive a confirmation e-mail, including a verification link. Click on this link to complete the registration.
Instead of creating a completely new account for Twitch, users can connect their Facebook account to Twitch
Once you have completed the registration progress, you can log in with your newly-created Twitch account and start designing your personal video channel. To do this, open the settings in the user menu by clicking on the triangle symbol in the navigation bar. This will take you to your profile menu, where you can set the display name (which can be the same as your username) and the profile picture for your Twitch channel, and submit up to 300 characters of personal biography or channel information.
Display name, profile picture, and a biography help you keep visitors to your channel informed and engaged
To configure your Twitch channel, go to the 'channel' and 'videos' tab. There you can change basic settings in these four areas:
Channel design: Under the menu option 'channel design', you have the option to create a banner that will be visible to Twitch users when your channel is offline. Click on 'browse' and upload the desired image file by specifying the storage location and confirming the selection. For the entire player to be filled by the banner, you will need an aspect ratio of 16: 9.
Automatic hosting: Twitch offers the ability to host other streamer's broadcasts on your channel. By doing this, you can provide your followers with content when you are offline. The hosting feature also offers the option to view someone else's stream and provide your own audio commentary for your viewers. Enable automatic hosting if you want to automatically send out foreign channels when they are online. The desired channels are defined by the 'host list' (random or priority order).
Parental controls: If you are streaming content that is inappropriate for younger viewers, you will need to tag your channel accordingly by selecting 'adult content'.
Chat: Twitch automatically helps you moderate your channel chat. The AutoMod examines viewers' comments for inappropriate expressions, swear words, or racist remarks, and filters out anything illicit. You can set the filter level from 0 (only blocks phrases and terms defined by you) to rule 4 (highly moderated by the AutoMod). In addition, you can select that only confirmed Twitch users may leave comments. Clicking 'block links' will automatically delete posted URLs unless they come from you, moderators, or admins.
Successfully streaming on Twitch requires interacting with your audience often, so you should allow yourself enough time to configure your channel settings
After you have created the basis for your channel in the previous step, you can now focus on your channel design. You will find the dashboard in the user menu. As well as being able to post messages to your chat feed, the overview menu also provides you with access to viewer statistics and a list of all your viewers. However, an important tool for configuring your channel is the 'stream information' section of the menu, which allows you to change settings in the following five areas:
Your title tells the twitch community in 140 characters what your channel is all about. Use keywords that will come up easily in searches, making your channel easy to find.
Your followers will receive a notification as soon as you begin broadcasting (if they have selected to receive these updates).
Game/category
Assign your channel to a category on Twitch, so that you are visible to users browsing that category. Alternatively, you can list your channel in the category for the game you are playing.
You have the option of specifying up to three communities whose members' broadcasts you are willing to stream.
Specify the language of your Twitch stream. You can also restrict comment and chat language settings by selecting 'restrict language'.
To set up the final settings necessary for a live broadcast, start OBS Studio (or whichever streaming software you have decided to use). In the settings menu, look for the term 'stream' after which you can begin configuring it to your Twitch channel.
Twitch is registered as a streaming platform by default with OBS Studio
You can leave the default settings for your stream and platform, as well as the automatic server selection – OBS always selects the Twitch server best suited to your streaming activities. The setting 'Stream Key' is particularly important, as it establishes the connection between the streaming software and your channel. To be able to enter this key, you will need to return to the Twitch dashboard and open your settings.
The stream key generated by Twitch is the equivalent to a user ID, but can be replaced at any time by a new (reset) key in the event of any problems
Select 'Stream Key' and then 'Show Key'. The following dialog box will pop up and inform you not to share your key with others (not even Twitch employees, moderators, or admins). If you close the message box by clicking on 'I understand', Twitch provides you with the key that you can then copy-and-paste into the corresponding line in OBS Studio. With 'Apply' you can save the entry, and your link is complete.
It is possible to automatically record your Twitch streams. To do this, just check the 'Save previous transfers' checkbox in the stream key menu. Your transfers will be archived for up to 14 days as VOD (video on demand). Twitch transfers from partners and prime users can be stored for up to 60 days.
Starting a stream on Twitch is easy. In the OBS studio interface, right click on the 'sources' box and add the desired recording devices(S) (video game, window, browser, etc.).
The order of recording source devices determines which elements are visible in the foreground (such as layer technology in image editing)
Click on the 'Studio Mode' button to preview. You can use this to align all the elements perfectly, as long as you use several transmission components, like recording game scenes in combination with a webcam recording of yourself. If you are happy with this setup, you can begin streaming by clicking the 'Start Streaming' button. If you want to stop streaming, click 'Stop Streaming'.
OBS Studio does not just offer the ability to stream, but also includes its own recording function so that you can store video material locally
Detailed information about fine-tuning the video and sound settings in OBS Studio is provided by the following OBS studio tutorial from the creator Nilson 1489:
If you want to showcase Twitch PS4 games in your stream, you do not need separate broadcasting software, just the Twitch app. These can be found in the PlayStation Store. Simply use the search function and enter "Twitch" in the search bar, and then download it. Once you have installed the application, there are just a few steps left to go through to get your console hooked up to the streaming platform:
Begin playing the game you want to stream.
Press the SHARE button on your PS4 controller, and select 'Transfer Game' from the pop-up menu.
In the next window, select Twitch as your chosen streaming platform
You will be asked to log into Twitch or create a new account if you don't yet have one.
After logging in, you will get access to the broadcasting menu, where you can then configure your Twitch stream. Among other things, it is possible to activate the live recording with the PlayStation camera and the sound transmission through the microphone. Additionally, you can decide whether the viewers' comments are displayed in the screen (in this case, the game will play in the minimized window).
Finally, set the title and quality for the stream on Twitch and start the broadcast by selecting 'Start Livestream'.
To stop the stream, just press the Share button again and select 'Stop Transmission'.
Xbox One has its own Twitch app, which means that you do not need specialized software to stream it. You can download this app for free from the Xbox store. You can find the app by searching for Twitch in the search bar on the app. You can then download the app and follow these steps to start streaming on Twitch with your Xbox One:
Log into a PC or mobile device with your Twitch account. If you do not already have an account, then make one first.
Once you are logged into the streaming platform with another device, open the Twitch app on your Xbox One and press the 'Login' button.
You will be prompted to go to the twitch.tv/activate link on the external device and enter the six-digit code that the Twitch app will present to you on the game console.
The Twitch account is now linked to your Xbox Live account. Be sure to set your Xbox Live status to 'online' to stream (otherwise your twitch stream will be hidden from other users). Also, check your Xbox's general settings to allow other users to see your online status.
To configure your stream, press 'Transfer' and then 'Next'. Twitch automatically runs a performance test on first launch to determine the optimal bitrate for your broadcasting. In the next few steps, you can activate the Kinect camera and the microphone.
Finally, give your Twitch stream an expressive title before selecting the desired game and putting the stream online using the 'Start Transfer' button.
If you use the voice control feature of your Xbox, you can easily start your stream using the 'Xbox Transfer' command. If you want to switch off the Twitch stream later, the words "Finish Xbox Transmission" will do the job.
The 10 best YouTube alternatives at a glance
YouTube has revolutionized the Internet: since it was founded, it has been inundated with video content and more than two billion users have been recorded. No other alternative has come close to this impressive number. But what are the other video portals are available and what do they have to offer? Here are the 10 best YouTube alternatives at a glance.
Video marketing – Content marketing 2.0
Online video marketing is an increasingly popular form of advertising, which can be easily integrated into social media channels. This article explains what you need to consider in order to enrich your campaign with video marketing. These helpful tips for video marketing on the five most popular social media platforms will help you to decide which strategy is best for you.
Twitch: TV for gamers
Despite slipping under the radar for many internet users, video streaming platform, Twitch, has quietly established itself as a new form of online entertainment, enjoyed by millions of people around the world. Using this platform, people can watch each other play video games, chat to other players, and celebrate the celebrities of a scene that many don't even know exists. So, what is Twitch? In...
Netiquette: What you need to know for discussions online
When participating in discussions online, you should be sure to follow the netiquette of the group you're interacting in. If you violate these rules of politeness, you'll not only make a bad impression but might even have your post deleted or be banned from the group. But since netiquette is pretty much universal, you can easily avoid landing in these sticky situations.
How to set up a RTMP streaming server
Whether it's gaming, e-learning, or lifestyle – streaming content online enjoys huge popularity and content can be broadcast on platforms like Twitch. But there is another way. With your own RTMP server, you retain full control over your streams. The necessary software for this is available free of charge online and installation is as easy as 1-2-3.
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Adding Google Analytics to WordPress
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Our WordPress guide will guide you step-by-step through the website making process...
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My first real introduction to Larry Kim was when I helped coordinate the webinar: The 10 Weirdest A/B Tests Guaranteed to Double Your Business Growth.
Larry came up with that genius headline and naturally we had a full house that day. I've been hooked on Larry ever since.
We wanted to catch up with Mr. Kim and ask him a few questions around conversion rate optimization, testing, and digital marketing.
1. With A/B testing, most variations of the control underperform and fail. Correct? And if so, why is that?
Yes. This is true and becomes increasingly the case the more you do A/B testing.
Here's why: Conversion rates aren't random. There is a theoretical limit to how high say, a whitepaper download form can convert at. It's not like you can keep doubling the conversion rate forever.
This is essentially the law of diminishing returns. Every time you discover a new "winner," the harder and harder it becomes to find the next winner and the extent to which the new contender beats the previous champ becomes smaller and smaller.
You can read about this and other CRO Truth Bombs here.
2. In the modern web, a smooth experience is becoming very important. A/B tested websites often feel inconsistent and sometimes ruin the overall "experience." Is this a legitimate concern? If so, what are some ways to avoid this?
Some advanced users might be annoyed at seeing different homepages or unusual URL parameters based on different browsing sessions. It bugs me a bit but probably just because I'm an internet marketer and so, of course, I notice that. My wife is a doctor and probably wouldn't even notice.
3. Can you share one of your biggest marketing fails? What went wrong? In hindsight, what would you do differently?
4. Can you share one of your greatest marketing wins? What happened? In hindsight, what would you do differently?
My greatest marketing win was the creation of my AdWords Grader. It's a free tool that has been used by a gazillion people and has graded gazillions of dollars of ad spend.
In hindsight, I would have made it three years earlier. That's the problem with great ideas – they're usually obvious in hindsight.
5. Have you ever been involved with an A/B test that sought to optimize for something other than business metrics? If not, can you imagine a legitimate reason to do so?
Say you really wanted to expand your market to a new audience – you could optimize for new visitors (as opposed to repeat visitors) – even though the conversion metrics for "new" people is usually much worse than people who are familiar with your brand.
I also often advise people to optimize for user engagement metrics like Click Through Rates, even though they are technically just one step removed from a business metric like Cost Per Conversion.
6. If I had an online business, and I gave you $1 million to spend on marketing, what would you spend it on? Without knowing what type of online business it is?
Probably Facebook Ads. And you wouldn't even need 1 million.
7. Is there a new, emerging marketing tactic you're really excited about?
Content Promotion Networks like Taboola, etc.
8. Is A/B testing here to stay? Do you envision it being replaced by something else?
A/B testing is likely to be pushed down a level in the marketing stack. If you're just testing small changes to flows or presentation, an AI-enabled system should be able to do this monkey work, automatically.
That is not to say that other important marketing disciplines like User Experience, Design (etc.) are any less relevant today than before. But the mechanical grunt work behind A/B testing is likely to become increasingly automated.
9. If you could describe modern digital marketing in 3 words, what would they be?
10. Out of all the songs that have ever been written, if you could've authored one of them, which one would it be?
11. The internet (and internet marketing) is constantly changing. What do you do to stay current?
I do a lot of marketing. Most marketers, over time, get promoted to managerial roles that are less hands on. I still spend a good part of my day doing internet marketing activities like blogging, SEO, Adwords, Facebook Ads, content marketing, etc.
12. After years of testing and experimentation, are you starting to notice repeatable trends in human behavior? Predictable behavior? Or, are you always surprised?
Earlier on in my career, I believed the CRO Kool-Aid – that small A/B tests, when added up, could make a big difference. Naturally, I would want to attribute changes in results to my hard work in conducting these experiments. But now that I've been doing this for over a decade I realize that I may have been misattributing cause and effect. The biggest CRO hack by far is brand awareness. That people, consciously or unconsciously, dramatically favor clicking on and buying from the brands they have heard of and love.