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Drugs & Diseases > Allergy & Immunology
Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions
Author: Becky Buelow, MD, MS; Chief Editor: Michael A Kaliner, MD more...
Sections Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions
Histamine1-receptor antagonists (antihistamines)
Histamine2- antagonists
Leukotriene inhibitors
5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
Deterrence/Prevention
The immune system is an integral part of human protection against disease, but the normally protective immune mechanisms can sometimes cause detrimental reactions in the host. Such reactions are known as hypersensitivity reactions, and the study of these is termed immunopathology. The traditional classification for hypersensitivity reactions is that of Gell and Coombs and is currently the most commonly known classification system. [1] It divides the hypersensitivity reactions into the following 4 types:
Type I reactions (ie, immediate hypersensitivity reactions) involve immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. [2] Examples include anaphylaxis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
Type II reactions (ie, cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions) involve immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M antibodies bound to cell surface antigens, with subsequent complement fixation. An example is drug-induced hemolytic anemia.
Type III reactions (ie, immune-complex reactions) involve circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes that deposit in postcapillary venules, with subsequent complement fixation. An example is serum sickness.
Type IV reactions (ie, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, cell-mediated immunity) are mediated by T cells rather than by antibodies. An example is contact dermatitis from poison ivy or nickel allergy.
Some authors believe this classification system may be too general and favor a more recent classification system proposed by Sell et al. [3] This system divides immunopathologic responses into the following 7 categories:
Inactivation/activation antibody reactions
Cytotoxic or cytolytic antibody reactions
Immune-complex reactions
T-cell cytotoxic reactions
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Granulomatous reactions
This system accounts for the fact that multiple components of the immune system can be involved in various types of hypersensitivity reactions. For example, T cells play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic reactions (see Pathophysiology). In addition, the term immediate hypersensitivity is somewhat of a misnomer because it does not account for the late-phase reaction or for the chronic allergic inflammation that often occurs with these types of reactions.
Allergic reactions manifest clinically as anaphylaxis, allergic asthma, urticaria, angioedema, allergic rhinitis, some types of drug reactions, and atopic dermatitis. These reactions tend to be mediated by IgE, which differentiates them from non-IgE-mediated (formerly called anaphylactoid) reactions that involve IgE-independent mast cell and basophil degranulation. Such reactions can be caused by iodinated radiocontrast dye, opiates, or vancomycin and appear similar clinically to urticaria or even anaphylaxis. [4, 5]
Patients prone to IgE-mediated allergic reactions are said to be atopic. Atopy is the genetic predisposition to make IgE antibodies in response to allergen exposure. [6]
The focus of this article is allergic reactions in general. Although some of the clinical manifestations listed previously are briefly mentioned, refer to the articles on these topics for more detail. For example, see Allergic and Environmental Asthma; Anaphylaxis; Food Allergies; Rhinitis, Allergic; and Urticaria.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE, but T and B cells play important roles in the development of these antibodies. CD4+ T-cells are divided into 3 broad classes: effector T-cells, memory T-cells, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Effector T-cells are further divided based on the cytokines they produce: TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells. TH1 cells produce interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, and promote a cell-mediated immune response. TH2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-13, which then act on B-cells to promote the production of antigen-specific IgE. TH17 cells produce IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22 to help fight extracellular pathogens, to produce antimicrobial peptides, and to promote neutrophil inflammation essential for immunity at the skin and mucosal surfaces. [57] Memory T-cells rapidly differentiate into effector T-cells in secondary immune responses. CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells are essential in peripheral tolerance and serve to suppress dysregulated immuneresponses.CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs inhibit TH2 cytokine production through the secretion and action of IL-10 and TGF-beta. Proper function of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells has been shown to be important in the tolerance of allergens. [8] Abnormalities in the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg population may play a role in the development of allergic disease.
The allergic reaction first requires sensitization to a specific allergen and occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. The allergen is either inhaled or ingested and is then processed by an antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as a dendritic cell, macrophage, or B-cell. [7, 8] The antigen-presenting cells then migrate to lymph nodes, where they prime naïve TH cells that bear receptors for the specific antigen.
After antigen priming, naïve TH cells differentiate into TH1, TH2, or TH17 cells based upon antigen and cytokine signaling. In the case of allergen sensitization, the differentiation of naïve TH cells is skewed toward a TH2 phenotype. These allergen-primed TH2 cells then release IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. IL-5 plays a role in eosinophil development, recruitment, and activation. IL-9 plays a regulatory role in mast cells activation. IL-4 and IL-13 act on B cells to promote production of antigen-specific IgE antibodies.
For this to occur, B cells must also bind to the allergen via allergen-specific receptors. They then internalize and process the antigen and present peptides from it, bound to the major histocompatibility class II molecules found on B-cell surfaces, to the antigen receptors on TH2 cells. The B cell must also bind to the TH2 cell and does so by binding the CD40 expressed on its surface to the CD40 ligand on the surface of the TH2 cell. IL-4 and IL-13 released by the TH2 cells can then act on the B cell to promote class switching from immunoglobulin M production to antigen-specific IgE production (see image below).
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Sensitization phase of an immunoglobulin E–mediated allergic reaction.
The antigen-specific IgE antibodies can then bind to high-affinity receptors located on the surfaces of mast cells and basophils. Reexposure to the antigen can then result in the antigen binding to and cross-linking the bound IgE antibodies on the mast cells and basophils. This causes the release and formation of chemical mediators from these cells. These mediators include preformed mediators, newly synthesized mediators, and cytokines. The major mediators and their functions are described as follows: [9, 10]
Preformed mediators
Histamine: This mediator acts on histamine 1 (H1) and histamine 2 (H2) receptors to cause contraction of smooth muscles of the airway and GI tract, increased vasopermeability and vasodilation, enhanced mucus production, pruritus, cutaneous vasodilation, and gastric acid secretion.
Tryptase: Tryptase is a major protease released by mast cells. Its role is not completely understood, but it can cleave C3, C3a, and C5 in addition to playing a role in airway remodeling. [11, 8] Tryptase is found in all human mast cells but in few other cells and thus is a good marker of mast cell activation.
Proteoglycans: Proteoglycans include heparin and chondroitin sulfate. The role of the latter is unknown; heparin seems to be important in storing the preformed proteases and may play a role in the production of alpha-tryptase.
Chemotactic factors: An eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis causes eosinophil chemotaxis; an inflammatory factor of anaphylaxis results in neutrophil chemotaxis. Eosinophils release major basic protein and, together with the activity of neutrophils, can cause significant tissue damage in the later phases of allergic reactions.
Newly formed mediators
Arachidonic acid metabolites
Leukotrienes - Produced via the lipoxygenase pathway:
Leukotriene B4 - Neutrophil chemotaxis and activation, augmentation of vascular permeability
Leukotrienes C4 and D4 - Potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability, and cause arteriolar constriction
Leukotriene E4 - Enhances bronchial responsiveness and increases vascular permeability
Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 - Comprise what was previously known as the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis
Cyclooxygenase products:
Prostaglandin D2 - Produced mainly by mast cells; bronchoconstrictor, peripheral vasodilator, coronary and pulmonary artery vasoconstrictor, platelet aggregation inhibitor, neutrophil chemoattractant, and enhancer of histamine release from basophils
Prostaglandin F2-alpha - Bronchoconstrictor, peripheral vasodilator, coronary vasoconstrictor, and platelet aggregation inhibitor
Thromboxane A2 - Causes vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and bronchoconstriction
Platelet-activating factor (PAF): PAF is synthesized from membrane phospholipids via a different pathway from arachidonic acid. It aggregates platelets but is also a very potent mediator in allergic reactions. It increases vascular permeability, causes bronchoconstriction, and causes chemotaxis and degranulation of eosinophils and neutrophils.
Adenosine: This is a bronchoconstrictor that also potentiates IgE-induced mast cell mediator release.
Bradykinin: Kininogenase released from the mast cell can act on plasma kininogens to produce bradykinin. An additional (or alternative) route of kinin generation, involving activation of the contact system via factor XII by mast cell–released heparin, has been described. [12, 13] Bradykinin increases vasopermeability, vasodilation, hypotension, smooth muscle contraction, pain, and activation of arachidonic acid metabolites. However, its role in IgE-mediated allergic reactions has not been clearly demonstrated. [4]
IL-4: IL-4 stimulates and maintains TH2 cell proliferation and switches B cells to IgE synthesis.
IL-5: IL-5 is key in the maturation, chemotaxis, activation, and survival of eosinophils. IL-5 primes basophils for histamine and leukotriene release.
IL-6: IL-6 promotes mucus production.
IL-13: IL-13 has many of the same effects as IL-4.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which activates neutrophils and eosinophils and increases monocyte chemotaxis. [14, 8]
The collective biological activities of the aforementioned mediators can cause variable clinical responses depending on which organ systems are affected, as follows:
Urticaria/angioedema: Release of the above mediators in the superficial layers of the skin can cause pruritic wheals with surrounding erythema. If deeper layers of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues are involved, angioedema results. Angioedema is swelling of the affected area; it tends to be painful rather than pruritic.
Allergic rhinitis: Release of the above mediators in the upper respiratory tract can result in sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and itchy or watery eyes.
Allergic asthma: Release of the above mediators in the lower respiratory tract can cause bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and inflammation of the airways, resulting in chest tightness, shortness of breath, and wheezing.
Anaphylaxis: Systemic release of the above, resulting in symptoms in 2 or more organ systems, is considered anaphylaxis. In addition to the foregoing symptoms, the GI system can also be affected with nausea, abdominal cramping, bloating, and diarrhea. Systemic vasodilation and vasopermeability can result in significant hypotension and is referred to as anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock is one of the two most common causes for death in anaphylaxis; the other is throat swelling and asphyxiation. [4, 10]
Allergic reactions can occur as immediate reactions, late-phase reactions, or chronic allergic inflammation. Immediate or acute-phase reactions occur within seconds to minutes after allergen exposure. Some of the mediators released by mast cells and basophils cause eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis. Attracted eosinophils and resident lymphocytes are activated by mast cell mediators.
These and other cells (eg, monocytes, T cells) are believed to cause the late-phase reactions that can occur hours after antigen exposure and after the signs or symptoms of the acute-phase reaction have resolved. The signs and symptoms of the late-phase reaction can include redness and swelling of the skin, nasal discharge, airway narrowing, sneezing, coughing, and wheezing. These effects can last a few hours and usually resolve within 24-72 hours.
Finally, continuous or repeated exposure to an allergen (eg, a cat-allergic patient who owns a cat) can result in chronic allergic inflammation. Tissue from sites of chronic allergic inflammation contains eosinophils and T cells (particularly TH2 cells). Eosinophils can release many mediators (eg, major basic protein), which can cause tissue damage and thus increase inflammation. Collectively, this results in structural and functional changes to the affected tissue. Furthermore, a repeated allergen challenge can result in increased levels of antigen-specific IgE, which ultimately can cause further release of IL-4 and IL-13, thus increasing the propensity for TH2 cell/IgE–mediated responses. [10]
The prevalence of atopic diseases (i.e., asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis) has increased since the year 2000. [8]
Allergic rhinitis is the most prevalent allergic disease; [6] it affects approximately 17-22% or more of the population. [15]
Asthma was estimated to affect approximately 25.7 million people in the United States in 2010. Asthma prevalence increased from 7.3% in 2001 to 8.4% in 2010. [16] Ninety percent of asthma cases in children are estimated to be allergic, compared with 50-70% in adults. [15]
Atopic dermatitis has increased in prevalence worldwide over the last decade. [8]
The prevalence of anaphylaxis may be as high as 2%, with an increase in younger patients. [17]
Approximately 300 million people worldwide are estimated to have asthma. Prevalence rates vary around the world and are estimated to be from 3-38% in children [18] and 2-12% in adults. [19]
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) is an epidemiological research program that was established in 1991 to evaluate asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis in children worldwide. The study is composed of 3 phases. Phase 1 used questionnaires designed to assess the prevalence and severity of asthma and allergic disease in defined populations in centers around the world. Most of this data was collected in the mid 1990s. Phase 2 was designed to assess possible etiological factors based on information gathered from Phase 1. Phase 3 is a repetition of Phase 1 to assess trends in prevalence. [20] Data from ISAAC show variations in the prevalence of allergic diseases between countries.
ISAAC researchers found significant variability in the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children from 56 countries. Rates varied from 1.4-39.7% and, although sites varied, a general trend of increasing prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was found over the 7 years between phases 1 and 3. [21]
Similar to other allergic diseases, the prevalence in atopic dermatitis varies widely between countries. Prevalence varies from 1.4% in China to 21.8% in Morocco, and prevalence is generally increasing. [21, 8]
Asthma, as with other atopic diseases, was previously increasing in prevalence. [22, 23] Data from a study from England suggest that the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis may be stabilizing. [24] Hospital admissions for anaphylaxis, however, have increased by 600% over the past decade in England and by 400% for food allergy. Admission rates for urticaria increased 100%, and admission rates for angioedema increased 20%, which suggests that these allergic diseases may be increasing in prevalence.
Studies in Africa and Europe have shown a greater prevalence of reversible bronchospasm in urban populations than in rural populations. This difference was initially thought to be related to environmental pollution, but the results from studies of asthma prevalence before and after the unification of Germany contradict this theory. [25]
The prevalence of asthma in East Germany prior to 1990 was lower than in West Germany, despite the fact that East Germany had more air pollution.
Over the 10 years after unification, the prevalence of asthma in the former East Germany has increased and is now comparable with that of former West Germany. [25]
In addition, children placed in day care and with older siblings have a lower likelihood of developing atopic disease. [26]
These findings have led to the hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that early exposure to infectious agents or endotoxins helps direct the immune system toward a TH1 cell–predominant response that, in turn, inhibits the production of TH2 cells. A TH1 response does not lead to allergies, while a cleaner, more hygienic environment may lead to TH2 predominance and more allergies. [27]
Mortality/Morbidity
Mortality from allergic diseases occurs primarily from anaphylaxis and asthma, although deaths from asthma are relatively rare. [10] Between 2007-2009 in the United States, the asthma death rate per 1,000 persons was 0.15. [28] The death rate was 75% higher for blacks compared to whites, 30% higher for females compared to males, and nearly 7 times higher for adults than children. Approximately 500 people die annually from anaphylaxis in the United States.
Allergic diseases are a significant cause of morbidity. In 2007, $56 billion was spent on medical costs, lost school, and work days and early deaths due to asthma in the United States alone. [29] Children with untreated allergic rhinitis do worse on aptitude tests than their nonatopic peers.
The reason for the differences in the prevalence of allergic diseases with respect to race are complex and not completely understood. In the US between 2008-2010, multiracial individuals had the highest asthma prevalence at 14.1%. [28] Next, blacks had a prevalence of 11.2%, followed by American Indian/Alaska Native at 9.4%, and whites at 7.7%. [28] Among the Hispanic population, the highest asthma prevalence rates were seen in persons of Puerto Rican (16.1%) and Mexican (5.4%) descents. [28] Asthma prevalence was also higher in persons with a family income below the poverty level. [28] Thus, it is likely that differences in allergic diseases among different racial or ethnic groups is multifactorial and includes genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors.
Some unexplained differences exist in the prevalence of allergic diseases between the sexes. Asthma is more prevalent in boys during the first decade of life; [6] after puberty, prevalence is higher in females. [9] The male-to-female ratio of children who have atopic disease is nearly 2:1.
Skin test reactivity in women can fluctuate with the menstrual cycle, but this is not clinically significant. [9]
In general, allergic rhinitis symptoms (and skin test reactivity) tend to wane with increasing age. [15]
Food allergies and subsequent anaphylaxis are more prevalent in children. Some children may outgrow their allergies to certain foods, or their reactions may diminish over time. However, anaphylaxis from food and other triggers is still a threat in adults. Some food allergies, such as allergy to shellfish, may last a lifetime.
Childhood asthma is more prevalent in boys and can often resolve by adulthood. However, females tend to develop asthma later in life (beginning in adolescence) and can also have asthma that is more severe. [9, 8]
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Weber RW. Immunotherapy with allergens. JAMA. 1997 Dec 10. 278(22):1881-7. [Medline].
Wilson AM, Haggart K, Sims EJ, Lipworth BJ. Effects of fexofenadine and desloratadine on subjective and objective measures of nasal congestion in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 Oct. 32(10):1504-9. [Medline].
Xystrakis E, Boswell SE, Hawrylowicz CM. T regulatory cells and the control of allergic disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006 Feb. 6(2):121-33. [Medline].
SABA PRN
Low-dose ICS
Medium-dose ICS
Medium-dose ICS plus LABA or montelukast
High-dose ICS plus LABA or montelukast
High-dose ICS plus LABA or montelukast and oral corticosteroids
Low-dose ICS plus LABA or LTRA or theophylline
Medium-dose ICS plus LABA
High-dose ICS plus LABA
High-dose ICS plus LABA plus oral corticosteroids
12 years or older
Low-dose ICS plus LABA or medium-dose ICS
Becky Buelow, MD, MS Instructor, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin
Becky Buelow, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Society, Wisconsin Allergy Society
John M Routes, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chief, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin
John M Routes, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Society, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, American Society for Virology, American Association of Immunologists, American Society for Microbiology
Michael R Simon, MD, MA Clinical Professor Emeritus, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont University School of Medicine; Adjunct Staff, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital
Michael R Simon, MD, MA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, Michigan Allergy and Asthma Society, Michigan State Medical Society, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Disclosure: Have a 5% or greater equity interest in: Secretory IgA, Inc. ; siRNAx, Inc.<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: siRNAx, Inc.
Michael A Kaliner, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Institute for Asthma and Allergy
Michael A Kaliner, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American Society for Clinical Investigation, American Thoracic Society, Association of American Physicians
Miriam K Anand, MD, FAAAAI, FACAAI Consulting Staff, Department of Allergy/Immunology, Allergy Associates and Lab, Ltd; Clinical Assistant Professor, Midwestern School of Osteopathic Medicine
Miriam K Anand, MD, FAAAAI, FACAAI is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: TEVA pharmaceuticals Honoraria Speaking and teaching
encoded search term (Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions) and Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions
Pediatric Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis in the Operating Room
Distributive Shock
Wasp Stings
5 Best of 2019: Most-Read Pediatrics Viewpoints
Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccine May Help Protect Australian Infants Against Food Allergies
5 Arthropod Envenomations: From Benign Bites to Serious Stings
According to Allergist / Immunologists
Risk for Side Effects With Repeat Oral Corticosteroids
Vaginal Birth and Breastfeeding Linked to Less Allergy
Is Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Too Risky?
Precision Medicine in Atopic Diseases
Errors Common in Epinephrine Use for Pediatric Anaphylaxis
Diseases & Conditions Pediatric Anaphylaxis
Diseases & Conditions Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis
Diseases & Conditions Anaphylaxis
2001 /viewarticle/921588


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Cedric Angeles
Hunting Marsh Rail Birds on North Carolina's Cape Fear River
Rail hunting was once described as the "Sport of Kings" and enjoyed by the likes of Roosevelt and Ruark. While these odd marsh birds are no longer as popular as they once were, they're still insanely fun to hunt
By T. Edward Nickens
Get a first look at the year's hottest new shotguns for waterfowl, upland birds, and turkeys—including some can't-miss bargains
By Phil Bourjaily
Get first looks at this year's hottest new loads for rifles, shotguns, and handguns—including the introduction of a brand-new rifle cartridge, the 6.8 Western
By Richard Mann
There's a reason NASA-inspired heat sheets have survived for so long
By Keith McCafferty
A .22 Long Rifle is the cheap and easy way to become a better rifle shot. Here are the best rimfire rifles to sharpen your game
By David E. Petzal
Knowing how to choose the best concealed-carry gun could wind up being a life-changing decision. One of these reliable semiautos or revolvers could be the right ccw for you
When you travel into the backcountry, it's important to be prepared to stay alive if things go wrong. Here is the essential survival gear you'll need
By Jim Baird
Upgrade your compound bow with the most innovative new sights and rests of the year
By Tony J. Peterson
Need something to do in the offseason? These five fishing books are sure to keep your head in the game until the spring
By Joe Cermele

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In love, the stakes are high. When you live for no one... or when you have almost no one... will you still bet your all? The story follows a popular guy named Drake Sison, who makes a bet with his best friend Andrei, to make the nerdy transfer student, Sophia Taylor, fall in love with him in 30 days. Once she falls for him, he must confess that it was all a bet.
Love stories of students in a re-preparing school for college entrance exams.


Let's start with the backyard, relaxing patio overlooks yard and woods, watch for deer! Open and bright living room, gleaming oak hardwood floors on the main level. Efficient kitchen overlooks backyard. 2 upper BR with full bath and laundry. Extra deep single car garage offers extra storage. New hot water heater Nov 2018. This home is in move-in condition and ready for you! Close to dining, shopping and entertainment. Walking/bike trail around perimeter of neighborhood leads to nearby Lake Ann Park and Minnewashta Regional Park (with lake access and dog park). Just 5 min to the MN Landscape Arboretum. Award winning Eastern Carver County Schools. Come see in person. Soak up the sun on the patio! Pets allowed with limitations.
Like-new townhome in Liberty on Bluffs Creek. Walk into the spacious first-floor featuring large living room with doors leading to the deck. The beautiful light and bright kitchen has granite counter tops, stainless steel appliances, breakfast bar and walk-in pantry. The dining room is adjacent to the kitchen and is big enough for a full sized dining table. Upstairs there are three bedrooms plus laundry. The master has a 3/4 bath and huge walk-in closet. The other two bedrooms are ample sized and perfect for a child's rom, office or guest room. The lower level is finished for the perfect movie room, man cave or hobby area. Conveniently located in Chanhassen close to Lifetime and shipping and restaurants. Enjoy the summer in the association-maintained pool.
Value is in the pole barn and over 300 Kiwi fruit plantings. Pole barn is 38x42 Miracle Truss building, 18 ft high to eaves, full concrete foundation below ground with foundation, double thick fiberglass insulated walls, 3" insulated 20x16 garage door, hydronic in-slab heating with off peak meter installed and 10 4x4 framed windows roughed in. Could be used as a auto or boat repair facility or dry heated storage etc. House is livable, 1 conforming and one non conforming bedroom.
Brand new townhome in Chanhassen! A great place to call HOME! Interior unit with sunroom! This home offers an open floor plan with a supersized granite kitchen island, maple cabinets, stainless steel kitchen appliances, hardwood laminate flooring, and much more! We have a neighborhood fire pit & pond. Come explore the fun possibilities of building your dream townhome! Next to Lake Susan! Visit & fall in love with a brand-new- personally designed townhome! Location! Location! Location!
Don't miss this home it is sure not to last. Bright, sunny, large lot with an up to date kitchen. This home has beautiful Lotus Lake views, public access w/ dock, playground, tennis courts & walking path all w/ in 1 block. New patio w/ fire pit. LL boasts an extra kitchen, huge family room & laundry hookups. Main floor laundry. Oversized 3 car garage w/ 10 ft. high opening.
The Meadow View under construction by Castle Gate Construction. Featuring a spacious floor plan, 4 bedroom all 1 level. Upper laundry, private master suite, and more! Unfinished basement allows for additional customizable space. Beautiful finishes throughout the home!
Gorgeous property in sought after Preserve at Bluff Creek. Large center-island kitchen, comfortable main level family room featuring floor to ceiling stone fireplace, four bedrooms up, which includes large master suite with full bath and walk-in master closet, huge multi-use space in lower level, fifth bedroom and full bath. Sun-room overlooking beautifully landscaped backyard with brand new wrought iron fence. Plus over sized garage.
This 2013 built home has a comfortable floor plan providing all the modern amenities you want. Upgraded kitchen has a large center island and morning room. 4 beds up including luxurious owner's suite, spacious loft and 2nd floor laundry. Hdwd floors and fresh, neutral decor thru-out. Unfinished LL is the perfect template for a custom home theater, gym, or add a 5th bedroom with the egress and rough-in. Professional landscaping, paver patio, fire pit and fully fenced backyard await you!
Gorgeous two-story with a spacious and open floor plan, walls of windows allowing for natural-light filled spaces, gourmet kitchen with large center island and walk-in pantry! Additional features include dining room off of the kitchen, formal living room- easily modified into an office, master suite with walk-in closet and upper level laundry room. Private setting with expansive nature views tucked away in the sought after Pioneer Pass neighborhood! Meticulously maintained, truly a must see!
Grand, spacious 5 bed 4 bath home in great neighborhood. Beautiful two story living room. Almost an acre lot that backs up to wetlands. Four bedrooms on one level. Large kitchen area great for entertaining. Award-winning Minnetonka school district. Close to downtown Chanhassen, Excelsior and Lake Minnetonka.
Charles R. Stinson designed and Streeter built modern masterpiece! Unsurpassed quality and finishes including Vola fixtures and Brazilian cherry hardwood and stained concrete floors. Open floor plan, glass expanses and high ceilings allow natural light to flow unimpeded. Gourmet kitchen with Valcucine cabinets, Sub-Zero appliances and soapstone countertops. Private tree-top master suite with spa bathroom, large walk-in closet and laundry. Spacious outdoor deck. Deeded access to Lotus Lake.
Inviting Lotus Lake with 245 acres of water to play on just minutes from downtown, local area amenities and award-winning Minnetonka Schools. Large 1.06 acre lot featuring 121 feet of level lakeshore, private dockage and extraordinary privacy. Home highlights include: Freshly updated aesthetics inside and out with designer details around every corner. Unique second story incorporating an oversized master suite with two adjacent bedrooms, flex room, and a large addition featuring two more bedrooms, office and laundry. Open main floor with easy access to both dining and entertainment areas. Incredible three season porch and backyard hot tub area. Neighborhood amenities include tennis courts and bonfire area.
This Cape Cod luxury designed home by Mike Sharratt rests on an extremely rare 1.23 lot, unquestionably, the best lot on Lotus Lake. It is nestled between a year round creek that features a custom foot bridge, a pond with a water feature, a private point with approx. 150 ft. of the most pristine lake shore on Lotus Lake. Home features 6 bedrooms, 6 baths, heated 6 car garage, master retreat, 3 fireplaces, custom lofts in 2 bedrooms, yoga/exercise studio, spacious billiard/entertainment/man cave room which is all above ground. Fine exceptional finishes throughout this Move-In Ready Estate!


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Nomination of Seth Waxman to b...
Nomination of Seth Waxman to be Solicitor General : hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session on the nomination of Seth Waxman, of the District of Columbia, to be Solicitor General of the United States, November 5, 1997
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
Government Document Book
Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1998
S. hrg. ; 105-494
Waxman, Seth Paul, > 1951-
United States. > Solicitor General > Officials and employees > Selection and appointment
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS LOWER LEVEL
Holdings details from GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS LOWER LEVEL
GOVDOCS Y 4.J 89/2:S.HRG.105-494
Confirmation hearing on the nomination of Paul D. Clement to be Solicitor General of the United States : hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, April 27, 2005
Nominations of George D. Gould and Charles O. Sethness : hearing before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on nominations of George D. Gould to be Under Secretary of the Treasury, Charles O. Sethness to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance, September 16, 1985
The Seth Eastman paintings of Indian life : on display at the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the Honorable George Miller, chairman
by: Eastman, Seth, 1808-1875
Confirmation hearing on the nominations of Larry D. Thompson, to be Deputy Attorney General and Theodore B. Olson to be Solicitor General of the United States : hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, April 5, 2001
Nominations of Thelma Drake, Jeffrey Nadaner, and Seth Appleton : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, second session, on nominations of: Thelma Drake, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration; Jeffrey Nadaner, of Maryland, to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Enforcement; Seth Appleton, of Missouri, to be Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Policy Development and Research, April 17, 2018


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HomeMila Kunis candidly opens up about Ashton Kutcher's marriage to Demi Moore
Mila Kunis candidly opens up about Ashton Kutcher's marriage to Demi Moore
August 02, 2018 | by Rebelander Basilan
Mila Kunis said she got insights into her husband Ashton Kutcher's prior marriage to Demi Moore.
On the July 30 episode of Marc Maron's "WTF" podcast, Kunis, 34, opened up about Kutcher's eight-year marriage to Moore, 55.
"They had, like, a normal, real relationship," the Spy Who Dumped Me actress told Maron, 54.
Follow us on our Twitter account @amomama_usa to learn more.
"They had three kids they were raising. It was, like, a normal life … Yeah, he was younger, but he loved those kids."
Kunis also said that Kutcher, 40, still keeps in touch with Moore's children with actor Bruce Willis - Rumer, Scout, and Tallulah Willis.
According to the star, she became more than friends with Kutcher after she unwittingly ogled him at an award show in 2012.
"I was looking around, and there was a really beautiful man from the back," she recalled. "I was literally like, 'Oh, he's kinda hot.' … And then he turned around, and I was like, 'Oh, my God, it's Kutch.' I thought it was the weirdest thing that I was checking this guy out, and it was someone that I had known forever."
Kunis and Kutcher began hooking up instead of dating. They coincidentally channeling their films at the time.
"I did a movie called Friends With Benefits. He did a movie that was very similar: No Strings Attached," she told Maron.
"We lived our movies out, where we were like, 'Let's just hook up. Let's have fun. We're both single. We both trust each other. Everything's great.' None of us wanted tension. OK, great. We hooked up for three months. And just like our movies, one of us caught feelings."
Kunis realized she had feelings for Kutcher only when he told her that he was dating someone.
"I felt like I got punched in the gut, literally overnight," she said. "He said something, and I was like … 'Oh, my God. I love this man, and I have to walk away because this is not the agreement that we had. And so I'm going to speak up.'"
Celebs Mar 13, 2019
'For 4 Days, I Had to Be Trapped,' Tami Roman Opens up about Being Kidnapped, Held Hostage & Abused
The Black Swan actress decided to tell Kutcher about her feelings, and the next day, the actor asked her to move in with him.
"He was only single by that point for maybe a year, maybe a year and a half," she said on the podcast.
In October 2014, the couple welcomed daughter Wyatt. They tied the knot in July 2015 and welcomed son Dimitri in November 2016.
"He's one of the most brilliant human beings I've met in my entire life," Kunis told the host.
Music Mar 29, 2019
Michael Bublé Opens up about How His Life Changed after His Young Son's Terrible Diagnosis
People Mar 26, 2019
Bruce Willis Kisses Wife in Intimate Photo as They Renew Their Vows after 10 Years of Marriage
Michelle Obama recalls how her brother 'approved' her marriage to Barack
Kenya Moore Daly Breaks down in Tears While Contacting Dead Grandmother Doris on 'Hollywood Medium'
Celebs Jan 18, 2020
Kathie Lee Gifford Explains Why She Doesn't Want Religion in Her Life


Azerbaijani-Caucasian Rugs presents a plethora of Azerbaijani-Caucasian rugs from the Ulmke Collection, supplemented by twelve additions, on entire pages with colour plates in high print quality. There is also a substantial section on the background of Azerbaijani-Caucasian rugs, their history, material and techniques. In total, 232 rugs are documented. With bibliographic references and index.


Green Tea Extract - What is it?
The EGCG in green tea extract protects against digestive and respiratory infections, blocks the actions of carcinogens which promotes cancer, is anti-bacterial, and also helps lower cholesterol levels.
Green tea extract is also a common ingredient in many fat burners - it helps with thermogenesis and helps the metabolism of fat. It works without increasing the heart rate which is most often associated with most fat burners. With green tea, dieters get the weight loss without the jitters and side effects. Green tea extract itself is used as a weight loss supplement among its many other beneficial uses. Green tea extract also helps reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, and has been recently show to help prevent liver failure.
.Green Tea Study 2: In a research studying the effects of green tea on treating acne, researcher Gan Wong et al. (Memorial Medical Center in the Philippines) compared the effects of 3% green tea cream and 4% benzoyl peroxide on moderate to severe acne.
108 subjects were randomized into 2 treatment groups: 1) benzoyl peroxide cream and 2) green tea extract cream, and the creams were applied twice daily for 12 weeks for the 2 groups. The study found the green tea cream to lighten patient's skin color and improve overall skin complexion. The study also suggests that green tea extract cream causes fewer side effects than benzoyl peroxide, and the green tea group reported fewer cases of dry skin, itching, and allergic responses.
Green tea leaf extract contains EGCG, a powerful antioxidant 200 times more potent than vitamin E.
Green tea leaf is anti bacterial, helps lower cholesterol, reduces inflammation, and lowers blood pressure.
It also help prevent some forms of cancer including colon, pancreatic, and stomach cancer.
Green tea extract stimulates the immune system, and also helps defend against dental plaque.
Green tea extract also protects against liver damage.
Some new research suggests green tea may help prevent liver transplant failure in patients.


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Akshay Kumar's Laxmmi Bomb to release on Eid next year- Cinema express
Akshay Kumar's Laxmmi Bomb to be released next Eid
The supernatural comedy features Akshay as a fearful man who gets possessed by a transgender ghost
CE Features
Published: 26th August 2019
Akshay Kumar's horror-comedy, Laxmmi Bomb, will release on May 22, 2020, during the Eid weekend. The announcement was made hours after Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Inshallah — starring Salman Khan and Alia Bhatt — was shifted from the release slot and indefinitely shelved.
Laxmmi Bomb is the Hindi remake of the successful Kanchana/Muni franchise in Tamil. The supernatural comedy features Akshay as a fearful man who gets possessed by a transgender ghost. The film is directed by Raghava Lawrence, who helmed and starred in the original series. Kiara Advani plays the female lead opposite Akshay.
The film is co-produced by Cape of Good Films, Tushar Entertainment House and Shabinaa Entertainment, and presented by Fox Star Studios.
Akshay Kumar's upcoming releases are Housefull 4, Good News, and Sooryavanshi. Kiara Advani was recently seen in Kabir Singh. She essays the lead in the upcoming comedy Indoo Ki Jawani.
Akshay Kumar Inshallah Laxmmi Bomb


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BENNETT & McDERMOTT
Date at Late
Town Time
Collectively, Sharon Bennett and Dan McDermott have 30 years experience as professional artists.
Their first collaborative project, the participatory installation Twenty Years, was presented at Aspex Gallery, Portsmouth in June 2019. They were shortlisted for Best Visual Artist at the 2019 Portsmouth Guide Awards. They have recently received an Arts Council Project Grant to tour Twenty Years to a number of UK venues.
Bennett & McDermott both have individual practices that feed into the collaboration.
Working with community groups, artists or family and friends Sharon Bennett blurs the boundaries between the positions of artist, artwork and audience. Bennett has worked with Aspex Gallery, Portsmouth on a number of projects including being artist in residence in 2018 and 2019. Bennett is co-founder of artist duo The Women's Art Activation System (WAAS). Their performance A Visit by the Officials of the Bureau for the Validation of Art, was presented at Social Works?: Live commissioned by Axisweb, at Grace Exhibition Space in New York City via live stream during the COVID-19 lockdown and will be performed as part of the Offbeat Festival at The Old Fire Station, Oxford in June 2021. The WAAS were recently awarded a Lottery Community Fund grant to present their project The Baby Makers and are one of six artists commissioned by Axisweb, Manchester Metropolitan University and Social Art Network for their 2021 Social Art for Equality Diversity and Inclusion research project. Bennett has been interviewed by a-n for their Artist Parent Resource series
Dan McDermott is an experienced artist working primarily in painting and printmaking. His works have been placed in private and corporate art collections worldwide. He has had numerous solo exhibitions, has been included in over 60 group shows and international art fairs and is currently represented by Alon Zakaim Fine Art.
Bennett and McDermott are based in Stroud, Gloucestershire where they live with their two daughters. They were shortlisted for the Best Visual Artist award at the Portsmouth Guide Awards 2019 for their project Twenty Years.
Our collaboration as a new way to practice art, no longer separate, but as a duo, have a numbers of ideas or guiding principles that are emerging; they are:
We hope to embody these notions in what we do now and next.
https://www.sharonbennett.net/
https://www.alonzakaim.com/artists/mcdermott_dan/


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Our Obsession with "Looking Good" Led Us To This Stage of Coronavirus
The price we pay for sticking our head in the sand
Stella Guan
Three months before Coronavirus paralyzed every country in the world, I went into self-isolation due to my chronic illness. Despite being in extreme pain every single day and alone in my apartment, not one of those days agonized me as much as the state of our world today. As more and more information came into light, I realized there is a common denominator in this global pandemic that may have led us to this stage.
Politicians Wanted to "Look Good", So They Covered Up the Truth and Told People Lies
I'm neither a medical professional nor a lawmaker. In this current situation, I feel as powerless, useless and helpless as I have ever been. My heart breaks every single day for the suffering humanity is going through, but if we don't reflect on what went wrong, we will never ever learn.
I'm not here to discuss politics or point any fingers. The media and every comment section on the Internet already has enough of that. I'm only going to pick out some key events and put them in perspective.
December, 2019: Li Wenliang, a young doctor in China sounded the alarm that a mysterious new respiratory virus was spreading rapidly in Wuhan, where he worked as an ophthalmologist. He was promptly silenced by the local authority and made to sign a note that says he will "not spread lies and rumors again". He sadly contracted the virus himself while treating patients and passed away in February, 2020.
The Chinese government has always prioritized political stability over anything else. This time, there was no difference. The Party wanted to "look good" to its people to maintain firm centralized power. Local Party officials wanted to "look good" to their superior, the central government, as their power grab. In normal times, this would be old news. However, this time, their "political vanity" quickly spiraled out of control. Their coverup led to inaction, which then led the country to miss critical time in initial containment.
Fast forward several months, Coronavirus had quickly but somewhat silently spread across the globe without most countries taking it seriously. Here in the US, this is what we heard:
"This is a hoax."
"We have tremendous control over this."
"We have plenty of tests."
"The Chinese Virus…"
"The risk to average Americans remains low…"
If the eerie similarity between the initial response of the Chinese government and the constant downplaying by the US government isn't apparent, we can look at examples from Italy, where the same lack of action in the beginning has caused the older generation of Italians on the brink of being wiped out.
It's not hard to figure out the motivation behind the US government's inaction and desperate attempt to keep the numbers low initially — to "look good" to voters for the upcoming election.
I Wanted to "Look Good", So I Brushed Off My Mother's Warning
Back in January, when China was experiencing the first wave of outbreak, I became concerned because my parents live there. They were relatively calm but alert. My mother told me to start wearing a mask when going out in public because she predicted that the virus will soon make its way to the US.
I brushed off her advice. Well, not entirely. I did buy a mask preemptively just in case, but I didn't really wear it that much. Even back in January, the mask inventory was already dangerously low — I looked everywhere and they were almost sold out. The best I could get was a fabric dusk mask. I knew it wasn't the best kind, but something is better than nothing. Sadly, during this time, most Americans didn't even think to buy a mask.
When things started to get worse, I began wearing the mask more frequently. However, I was still not comfortable wearing it everywhere because no one did. I also started to hear Asians being targeted by racists for wearing masks (and later for not wearing one). As an Asian woman who often walks alone, I feared for my safety. On the other hand, I felt weird wearing one as I needed to face a class full of students doing my job as a college professor.
And soon enough, history revealed that mothers are (almost) always right.
Hospitals Wanted to "Look Good", So They Forbid Doctors and Nurses to Wear Masks
Since January, the CDC has been telling the American public that they should NOT wear a mask because according to them, masks do not work to protect ourselves from the virus; masks should be reserved for healthcare workers; most people have no clue how to properly wear an N95 mask, which needs to be fit-tested.
To be fair, the CDC was not lying entirely, but their flawed messaging led the American public down a dangerous path to the point of no coming back.
Now many Americans realized that masks do work; masks should indeed be worn by healthcare workers but we have a severe shortage; and yes, N95 masks should be fit-tested, but wearing it is almost always better than wearing nothing.
So why did the CDC repeatedly tell us not to wear a mask? It's simple — because they know how low our mask inventory is and they wanted to prevent panic buying. This is absolutely a valid concern. So what's the problem?
The problem is that each and every one of us has the right to protect ourselves, and by protecting ourselves, we protect other people as we now know this virus spread like invisible wild fire. If we had started to mass manufacture masks early on and encourage the public to wear them while supplying plenty of protective gears to our heroic healthcare workers, we could have slowed the spread of the virus. But instead, we chose to stick the public's head in the sand and misled them into believing that masks are not necessary.
The more infuriating side of this is the response from hospitals. I have many college classmates and friends who are now doctors, nurses and pharmacists. When they told me that they were forbidden by their hospital employers to wear masks, I was utterly baffled. I asked them why.
The answer I heard was that they do not want to scare patients who do not have COVID-19. That was not the answer I was expecting — my naive self was thinking because they are short on supply, which is unfortunately the truth.
As absurd as this rationale was, it reminded me of my most recent doctor's visit. A few weeks before the lockdown, my whole body broke out in horrible rashes. I had to cancel my trip to speak at a conference in California and figure out what my skin issue was. The first doctor I saw told me I had scabies, which is highly contagious (and later it turned out not to be the case). I applied the cream that was prescribed to me but saw no sign of improvement. I then decided to get a second opinion.
When I went to the other dermatologist's office, the medical assistant put a sheet of paper on the exam chair before asking me to sit on it. I had no reaction to that, but she felt obliged to tell me that "I'm not just putting the paper for you. I do this with every patient."
As much as I appreciate her reassurance, I sensed that this is a common internalized fear that our action or words may be misconstrued by others as discriminatory. This is a byproduct of America's multiracial and diverse society (at least in metropolitan areas). When this fear is so entrenched in our everyday lives, it can often get the better of us.
Hospitals cannot afford to want to "look good" when the life of their employees is at risk every single minute.
In China, doctors and nurses have always routinely worn masks regardless if there was a pandemic. I was used to seeing healthcare workers protecting themselves. It makes sense — why would you not wear one when you are being exposed to sick patients all day every day?
Corporations Wanted to "Look Good", So They Refused to Let Non-Essential Workers Work From Home
I quit my corporate job at the end of January to be an entrepreneur and an educator. It turned out I made it just in time. Some might ask: "Don't you wish you didn't quit so fast?" It's quite the opposite because I saw the bone-chilling callousness of Corporate America from their response (or lack thereof) to this crisis.
The week that most universities took the lead to shut down, I bid farewell to my students in 3 schools within one day. I was bombarded with emails which started from "we are still waiting for guidance" to "we are shutting down", all in a couple of hours. It was an emotionally overwhelming day.
As late as our response as a country was, I appreciated the swift action of universities and the genuine concern school administrators have shown to students, their family and faculty members. At the end of every email, the university administration expressed sincere gratitude towards our work as faculty and our willingness to adapt to online instruction despite the many challenges.
In contrast, Corporate America showed no sympathy towards employee's safety by delaying work from home arrangements until the last minute. I was informed by many friends who are in the corporate world that they were told that if they are young, they should not be concerned and that working from home is not productive.
Many of my friends expressed their furiousness and helplessness. Most of them did not dare to speak up because they still needed the paycheck. I, on the other hand, am no longer at the mercy of the corporate world, so I took to social media to denounce their irresponsible actions. Soon enough, some of them noticed the swarm of negative press and quickly revised their policies.
When I asked a friend who also left the corporate world why working from home, a seemingly no brainer to combat a pandemic, encountered such resistance from some corporations and managers, she said: "it's a power grab. They fear that if they are not seen enough, they will be forgotten."
Again, the obsession of "looking good" fueled by corporate greed and power hunger further pushed us to this new harrowing reality.
There is no doubt that our society will never look the same after this pandemic. No one knows when and how it will end, but we must reflect before the wounds heal up and we repeat our mistakes again.
As a new entrepreneur, I am looking for creative ways to help our community. While the details are still in the works, I am dedicating the next few months to come up with a plan using what I do best to help us get back up on our feet.
Since the world went into lockdown, I have seen many kind actions that reminded me why I still have faith in humanity, even when we are not seeing any light at the end of the tunnel. However, let's examine how we got here and where we should go next. "Looking good" should never drive us to do things that go against the basis of humanity. Like Andrew Cuomo said: "practice humanity" — it may be our only chance to get out of this.
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Ranking the top 12 movie theaters in Houston for when you want to see a film on the big screen
Streaming's great, but here are the places we like to go in the Houston area when we want to see a film on the big screen.
Cary Darling
Cary Darling, Staff Writer
Dec. 15, 2022 Updated: Dec. 15, 2022 4:51 p.m.
Three high-profile films this season — "The Fabelmans," "Empire of Light" and "Babylon" — are set in the world of making or watching movies. Each, in its own way, is a salute to sitting in the dark with a crowd, mesmerized by sound, light and story.
Of course, the romance of that shared space has dimmed in recent years, thanks to streaming, COVID and the nation's irresistible urge to text in public places. But movie theaters slowly have been clawing back their audiences since the depths of the pandemic and have done especially well with the likes of such blockbusters as "Top Gun: Maverick" and "Black Panther: Wakanda Forever." Even Amazon is getting into the theater game with a brick-and-mortar venue in Los Angeles.
MORE MOVIE NEWS: Why can't Houston get a new movie theater inside the Loop? The 'burbs got 'em.
So, as "Avatar: The Way of Water" makes its big splash this week and the holiday season is underway, many people are going to be heading to the theaters. With that in mind, we have compiled our favorite places in the Houston area — that don't involve living rooms, pajamas or pressing pause — to see a commercially released film. The criteria were pretty basic — programming, projection, comfort, food options (if any), price, staff, parking — the things most audiences care about when seeing a movie. Note that admission prices are subject to change. Here are the top 12:
1. Alamo Drafthouse LaCenterra
The exterior of Alamo Drafthouse LaCenterra in Katy.
Melissa Phillip/Staff Photographer
The Austin-based chain's only Houston-area location, which opened in 2018, ranks high in all categories, even attracting customers from across the region who don't live anywhere near it. The eight-screen venue programs mainstream hits but also peppers the schedule with classics, cult favorites and indie films — such as Owen Kline's "Funny Pages," the horror thriller "Hypochondriac," or "Her Smell," starring Elisabeth Moss — that aren't screening elsewhere. Then there's the generally knowledgeable staff, not to mention there are always events, like a "Little Women" brunch or an "Elf" movie party and late-night horror films under the "Graveyard Shift" banner. If Alamo Drafthouse didn't exist in Houston, someone would have to invent it.
Atmosphere: The retro videos and vintage commercials that play before the films set Alamo's cheeky tone. But don't mistake it for laxness. Alamo is known for its strict "no talking/no texting" rules. Also, those who show up late won't be allowed to enter the auditorium after the movie has started. According to the website, if you are late "we will happily exchange your ticket for a different showtime or for a raincheck to a future show." On the technical side, all auditoriums feature Sony 4K digital projection.
A very Texas-centric sign at Alamo Drafthouse Cinema LaCenterra Katy.
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema LaCenterra, 2707 Commercial Center Blvd., is shown Thursday, Nov. 3, 2022, in Katy.
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema LaCenterra in Katy.
The bar at Alamo Drafthouse Cinema LaCenterra in Katy is lined with movie posters.
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema LaCenterra in Katy. (Melissa Phillip/Staff Photographer) Alamo Drafthouse Cinema LaCenterra in Katy. (Melissa Phillip/Staff Photographer)
Food: There's a Western-themed bar off the lobby. The dine-in choices — from vegan buffalo cauliflower ($11) and the Alamo Bowl (a Southwest version of a Buddha Bowl, $14) to a choice of cauliflower crust on all pizzas, like the tomato basil ($13) — are more varied than some of their competitors, especially for those wanting vegan or gluten-free options. And the servers are generally as quiet and unobtrusive as possible under the circumstances.
Address: 2707 Commercial Center, Suite K-100, Katy; drafthouse.com
2. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Entering the Lynn Wyatt Theater at MFAH
Raquel Natalicchio/Staff photographer
With the opening of the sleek Lynn Wyatt Theater in the Nancy and Rich Kinder Building at the end of 2021, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston became the home to two of the area's prime showcases for foreign, art, independent and classic films. The older Brown Auditorium Theater had been shouldering that responsibility for years, especially after the River Oaks Theatre shuttered in March 2021. Now, the two MFAH theaters make for a matched set of cinematic treasures. They show films — whether it's the local debuts of Ryûsuke Hamaguchi's acclaimed "Drive My Car" and Laura Poitras' "All the Beauty and the Bloodshed" or serving as the primary location for the annual Houston Cinema Arts Festival — that may not show anywhere else.
Atmosphere: Audiences tend to be knowledgeable and respectful. Both the Brown and the Lynn Wyatt have the capability of projecting 35 mm film, the only theaters in the area with this capacity. The one drawback is that the wooden steps at the Wyatt will loudly announce your entrance if you arrive late to the quiet, darkened auditorium.
The Lynn Wyatt Theater at MFAH in Houston.
The Lynn Wyatt Theater at MFAH in Houston
The Lynn Wyatt Theater at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. (Raquel Natalicchio/Staff photographer) The Lynn Wyatt Theater at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. (Raquel Natalicchio/Staff photographer)
Food: None. You'd better eat before you get there.
Parking: $10 (lot); free street parking
Address: 1001 Bissonnet (Brown Auditorium Theater); 5500 Main (Lynn Wyatt Theater), Houston; mfah.org/films
3. Rice Cinema
Rice University's Sewall Hall is the temporary home of Rice Cinema
This showcase for independent and classic films is in the midst of a transition. After having to move out of Rice Media Center, it's now housed in a temporary location in Rice University's Sewall Hall while waiting for a move to new and more permanent digs in 2025. So, for now, the feeling is of being in a classroom as much as a theater. You half expect to be asked to take a pop quiz. But the programming is far more interesting than that. From hosting an area premiere of "Tár" to showings of critically loved films like "Another Round," "Riders of Justice" and Houston director Jenny Waldo's "Acid Test," Rice Cinema is a valuable addition to the moviegoing landscape. One downside is that its schedule mirrors the school year, meaning it's closed through the holidays until mid-January.
Atmosphere: Collegiate casual
Projection at Rice Cinema in Houston
Food: None
Address: 6100 Main, Houston vada.rice.edu/rice-cinema
4. 14 Pews
14 Pews theater in Houston
Houston filmmaker Cressandra Thibodeaux has been operating what has to be the city's most unique movie space since 2010. Housed in a former church — hence the name — 14 Pews doesn't feel anything like a traditional movie theater. Sitting upright in a pew is the exact opposite of the recline 'n' dine ethos of the newest, fanciest multiplexes. The programming is also unique, ranging from the Bechdel Film Festival featuring films from female, trans and nonbinary directors, to the Cat Video Festival and such nonmainstream movies as Australia's "Bouyancy" and Kiyoshi Kurosawa's 1997 Japanese film "Cure." It's also a space for events beyond films, like the screenwriting workshop taking place next month.
Atmosphere: Appropriately reverential
Food: Concession basics like popcorn, though it's Skinny Pop.
14 Pews theater, a little church turned into cinematic haven on the furthest northern reaches of The Heights neighborhood in Houston.
Elizabeth Conley/Staff photographer
Admission: $10 online, $15 at the door
Parking: Free street parking
Address: 800 Aurora, Houston; 14pews.org
5. Cinépolis Luxury Cinemas
Cinepolis Luxury Cinemas in the Woodlands
The Woodlands/Tomball area is lucky to have this compact, well-appointed, 11-screen multiplex, one of just three Texas locations for the chain originally from Morelia, Mexico. (The other locations are in downtown Dallas and Euless, though Cinépolis also owns Moviehouse & Eatery, which has locations all over North Texas and Austin). The programming is mostly mainstream Hollywood, with occasional forays into South Asian cinema or films bound for streaming, like "Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio" or "Ammonite" with Saiorse Ronan, that get a limited theatrical run before making their debuts on Netflix or Prime Video.
Atmosphere: Homey, with a friendly bar that has a "where everybody knows your name" vibe. It turned out to be a pretty good spot to catch the World Series.
The lobster grilled cheese sandwich at the Cinepolis Luxury Cinema in The Woodlands
Courtesy Cinepolis Luxury Cinema
Food: Three words: lobster grilled cheese ($16.50). Of all the movie theater menus, the one at Cinépolis may be the most foodie forward, as it features lobster tacos ($16), hummus toast ($13.50), poke bowl ($16.50), shaved rib-eye sandwich ($15.50) and a three-cheese mac made with cavatappi noodles tossed in a Boursin Gournay cheese sauce, caramelized onions, green chile and bacon with a topping of garlic herb bread ($14.50).
Admission: $12.47-$13.50 (adults), $11.55-$12.50 (children 12 and younger/seniors)
Address: 26543 Kuykendahl, Tomball; cinepolisusa.com
6. Regal Edwards Houston MarqE
The main entrance exterior of the Regal Benders Landing multiplex theater in Spring. The renovated Regal MarqE in Houston will have a similar look.
Michael Wyke/Contributor
If you want to see what the Regal Edwards Houston MarqE, currently undergoing massive renovations, is going to look like when it's complete, check out the new Regal Benders Landing in Spring, which opened in June 2021. The MarqE will be bringing the contemporary, upgraded big-box movie experience closer to the Loop, which has missed out on the evolution in theatrical exhibition that has been popping up all over the 'burbs. With its variety of auditoriums (4DX, ScreenX, IMAX, RPX) and programming that can run from "Black Adam" to the David Bowie doc "Moonage Daydream" and Asian films, as well as being a prime location in town for prerelease screenings of top movies, there's a little something for everyone.
Atmosphere: A cross-section of Houston
The VIP area of the remodeled Regal MarqE movie theater in Houston
Food: The usual movie-theater fare. It remains to be seen what's going to be offered when the renovations are done. Benders Landing opened with a smoothie and juice bar called B-Fresh, a Lavazza coffee stand and a full-service bar.
Admission: $13.25 (general adult), $10.60 (seniors), $10.06 (children), $27.05 (VIP, with free popcorn and soft drink, access to private bar, more luxurious seats)
Address: 7600 Interstate 10 W., Houston; regmovies.com
7. Cinemark Memorial City
Cinemark Memorial City in Houston
Of the old-school, nonspecialty and non-dine-in theaters, Cinemark Memorial City remains a favorite on Houston's west side for its relative ease of access and enough screens (16) to offer a wide range of programming. This theater has become one of the main spots for films from South Asia.
Atmosphere: It's your basic multiplex but with some nice touches, like the colorful, mural-like art above the box offices and the mall's merry-go-round outside the front door, that give it a sense of whimsy separating it from the average multiplex.
Box office at Cinemark Memorial City
Food: The concession basics.
Admission: $9.25-$15
Parking: Free, but it's at Memorial City Mall, so parking might be hard to find on weekends and during the holidays.
Address: 310 Memorial City, Houston; cinemark.com
8. Star Cinema Grill
Reclining seats at Star Cinema Grill in Richmond.
The first time many Houston residents who live in the center of the city heard of Star Cinema Grill was when it was announced earlier this year that this Sugar Land-based chain had agreed to take over and reopen the shuttered River Oaks Theatre. But SCG already has several locations throughout the region, including Missouri City, Friendswood, Conroe, College Station, Cypress, Spring and Vintage Park. But it's the Richmond location that has what Star Cinema Grill says is, at 46 feet wide, the world's largest Onyx cinematic LED screen, which offers optimal color accuracy. It is the first Samsung Onyx p3.3 Cinema LED in the Western Hemisphere and only the second in the world, according to the company. A recent showing of "Black Adam" seemed to back up the hype. No doubt, many are going to want to see the new "Avatar" here. SCG has also been open to screening Texas indie films, showcasing the Houston-shot "Playing God" and Isaiah Washington's "Corsicana."
Atmosphere: Typical sprawling multiplex with lots of families.
The lobby of Star Cinema Grill on Thursday, Oct. 27, 2022 in Richmond. The theater is the only one in North America that has a 45-feet-wide Samsung Onyx p3.3 Cinema LED screen.
The 45-feet-wide Samsung Onyx p3.3 Cinema LED screen at Star Cinema Grill on Thursday, Oct. 27, 2022 in Richmond.
Reclining seats at Star Cinema Grill on Thursday, Oct. 27, 2022 in Richmond. The theater is the only one in North America that has a 45-feet-wide Samsung Onyx p3.3 Cinema LED screen.
Tap beer selections at Star Cinema Grill on Thursday, Oct. 27, 2022 in Richmond.
Star Cinema Grill in Richmond. The theater is the only one in North America that has a 45-feet-wide Samsung Onyx p3.3 Cinema LED screen. (Elizabeth Conley/Staff photographer) Star Cinema Grill in Richmond. The theater is the only one in North America that has a 45-feet-wide Samsung Onyx p3.3 Cinema LED screen. (Elizabeth Conley/Staff photographer)
Food: If you go to a screening early in the day, you can order from a brunch menu that includes chicken and waffles ($16), biscuits and gravy ($13) and doughnut holes made to order ($12). The regular menu features the likes of salmon fajita tacos ($18) and cauliflower rice stir fry ($13).
Admission: $9.24 (matinee), $12.93 (evening) for basic admission, but there is an upcharge for premium pods (only sold in pairs, designed for couples, with heated seats and blanket service) and the Onyx screen and 3D screenings.
Parking: Free, though paid VIP parking, through the ParkVIP app, is available closer to the theater.
Address: 22125 FM 1093, Richmond; starcinemagrill.net
9. CUT! By Cinemark Cypress
Cut! By Cinemark theater in Cypress
The North Texas-based Cinemark chain, which has big multiplexes throughout the state, including a just-opened theater in Missouri City, wanted to get into the dine-in theater business and launched the CUT! brand in Frisco in 2019 and opened the eight-screen Cypress location in 2020. It feels more compact than the standard Cinemark, but the programming is similarly mainstream — though South Asian films are sometimes booked, as well as specialty engagements such as "Live From the Artists Den: The Lumineers." It is one of the handful of theaters locally screening "Emancipation," starring Will Smith.
Atmosphere: The first things to notice when walking in are the large bar area, patio and the prominently visible pizza oven. Obviously, Cinemark wants to make this a place suitable for some serious adult downtime that has nothing to do with the movies. But once you are in the auditoriums, the heat-controlled, reclining seats and the menu continue the Mommy-and-Daddy-gotta-relax-too vibe.
Food: There are some interesting menu items, ranging from eloté pizza ($15), Korean barbecue chicken pizza ($16.50), truffle mac burger ($16) and Hawaiian Sunset salad ($16). The staff seems especially efficient, with a server bringing a second glass of water without it being requested.
Admission: $7-$10 for most films; evening tickets for "Avatar" in 3D are $14.75
Address: 29030 U.S. 290, Cypress; cinemark.com
10. Rooftop Cinema Club
High-rises provide the backdrop for watching a movie at Rooftop Cinema Club
Located on the rooftop of the BLVD Place development at Post Oak and San Felipe, Rooftop Cinema Club shows classic, well-known films for audiences who've largely seen these movies before and just want to hang out with friends while watching "The Wizard of Oz," "Waiting to Exhale," "Encanto" or "The Shining" for the millionth time. The seating is all lounge chairs, the mood is casual and everyone is given their own headphones so people can come and go, talk or check their phones with little worry about angering their neighbors.
Atmosphere: Super-casual, with games like Jenga on hand if you get bored with the movie.
Concession stand before a showing of "Top Gun: Maverick" at Rooftop Cinema Club a
Karen Warren/Staff photographer
Previews play on the screen as moviegoers start to fill in before a showing of "Top Gun: Maverick" at Rooftop Cinema Club
An LED sign near the entrance to the Rooftop Cinema Club
Moviegoers wear headphones with the Rooftop logo during a showing of "Top Gun: Maverick" at Rooftop Cinema Club
Houston's Uptown neighborhood provides the backdrop for watching a movie at Rooftop Cinema Club. (Karen Warren/Staff photographer) Houston's Uptown neighborhood provides the backdrop for watching a movie at Rooftop Cinema Club. (Karen Warren/Staff photographer)
Food: Basic concession fare is available, though you can also bring outside food in, for example, from the Whole Foods downstairs.
Admission: Varies depending on time of day: $17.50-$18.50 (lounge seat), $20.50-$21.50 (lounge seat + popcorn), $24.25-$25.25 (Adirondack chair + popcorn), $26.25-$27.25 (Adirondack seat + popcorn)
Address: 1700 Post Oak, Houston; rooftopcinemaclub.com
11. iPic Houston
Entrance to the iPic movie theater in Houston
This theater gives those inside the Loop a chance to have the dine-in theater experience. The programming is largely mainstream, though streamers like Netflix will use iPic as one of the places to debut films theatrically in Houston (i.e. "Hillbilly Elegy," "MLK/FBI," "The Prom") before launching them on their platforms. The theater also shows a healthy number of indie films, such as "Farewell Amor," "----house," "Wild Mountain Thyme" and "A Glitch in the Matrix."
Atmosphere: With its love booth setup in the premium-plus seats, the theater definitely has a date-night vibe. Standard, single seats are available, but you can't order food from them. So you'll have to rely on the traditional concession fare, like candy and popcorn.
Art on the wall greets customers at the iPic Theater in Houston
Food: Nothing too remarkable, but there is a variety of pizzas ($16-$19), sandwiches ($15.50-$20) and main plates, including chicken and red velvet waffles ($18), from which to choose.
Admission: $19.75 (premium-plus adult), $11 (premium-plus child), $14 (standard seating), $10 (standard child)
Address: 4444 Westheimer, Houston (in River Oaks District); ipic.com
12. ShowBiz Cinemas Fall Creek and Baytown
Showbiz Cinemas Fall Creek in Humble has its own bowling lanes.
Doug Sweet Jr./Contributor
ShowBiz Cinemas, now operated by Austin's EVO Entertainment, has something in two of its theaters you're not going to find at other multiplexes: a bowling alley. There's also an arcade, so customers can scratch their various gaming urges. If the movie is not to your liking, maybe you'll have better luck in the lanes. There's a separate charge for the bowling alley.
Atmosphere: Very family-friendly.
ShowBiz Cinemas' Fall Creek theater
Food: The usual concession suspects.
Admission: $9-$13 adults, $6.51-$9.50 children
Address: 4811 Canyon Lakes Trace, Humble; 10550 Interstate 10 Service Road, Baytown; showbizcinemas.com
Don't forget drive-ins
Drive-ins helped film lovers immensely through the pandemic, as pop-up drive-ins from the likes of Rooftop Cinema Club and Houston Museum of African American Culture helped satisfy the moviegoing urge. But it's the full-time drive-ins, such as Moonstruck in east Houston and The Showboat in Hockley, that really proved their worth.
N.T. Rama Rao Jr. in the film "RRR" (Rise Roar Revolt)
DVV Films
Around the world in a multiplex
Until recently, movies from across Asia and the Middle East would open at a handful of area multiplexes. Then when one of these locations, AMC Studio 30, shuttered in 2020 at the start of the pandemic, it seemed as if fans of Asian cinema might go wanting. But just the opposite happened. Whether it's due to competitors seeing a hole in the market or simply the increasing popularity of Asian cinema and TV in a post-"Parasite," "Squid Game" and "RRR" world, the fact remains that some Asian films — especially those from South Asia — open on as many Houston screens as Hollywood releases.
The theaters where you can regularly find at least one but often more Asian films opening each week include the AMC stalwarts First Colony 24 (Sugar Land) and Loews Fountains 18 (Stafford), which, along with Studio 30, were the prime spots back in the day. Now, others in the AMC chain, such as Katy Mills 20 (Katy) and Gulf Pointe 30 (Houston) also showcase them. (For sheer size, the 30-screen Gulf Pointe, which includes IMAX, rules.)
AMC has been joined by many in the Cinemark chain, such as the aforementioned Cinemark Memorial City, Cinemark Tinseltown 290, Cinemark 17 (The Woodlands), Cinemark 18 (Webster), Cinemark 19 (Katy) and the brand-new Cinemark Missouri City and XD. Regal's not about to be left out and often screens Asian films at Edwards Houston MarqE (Houston), Regal Edwards Greenway Grand Palace (Houston), Benders Landing (Spring), Lone Star (Tomball) and Grand Parkway (Richmond).
Also worthy of mention is the Asia Society Texas Center with its Kung Fu Film Nights and other specialty programming.
The exterior of Studio Movie Grill in Tyler. The exterior and interior of the Pearland location mirrors the Tyler theater.
Good things, small movies
Houston has never had as many theatrical options for small-scale indie and art films as many other large cities, and the temporary closure of the three-screen River Oaks has exacerbated the problem. But, in addition to playing the MFAH, 14 Pews, Alamo Drafthouse and Rice Cinema, such titles sometimes will pop up with little fanfare at Regal Greenway Grand Palace, Regal MarqE, iPic and AMC Houston 8 (the only movie theater in downtown Houston). Meanwhile, America Cinemas Houston and Studio Movie Grill Pearland book a lot of smaller films as well — though, at times, they are of the low-budget Bruce Willis/Nicolas Cage/Mel Gibson action flick variety. It's worth checking their lineups to see if there's a movie from outside the Hollywood industrial complex — and that can include faith-based films or low-rent horror projects — that might be worth catching.
Attendees arrive to a premiere event at the DeLuxe Theater for Mo Amer's 'Mo,' a semi-autobiographical show set in Houston
Annie Mulligan/Contributor
Coming (sort of) soon
But things might be improving over the next couple of years for fans of independent cinema. In addition to the new Rice Cinema coming in 2025, the 1939-built River Oaks, saved from a potential wrecking ball earlier this year by the Star Cinema Grill chain, is due to reopen in the next several months as a totally renovated space.
The recently renovated DeLuxe Theater in Fifth Ward has been utilized for special events, such as the annual Houston Cinema Arts Festival and a screening of the Houston-set Netflix series "Mo," and it would be a boon to movie fans if it could be used more often.
See you at the movies.
cary.darling@houstonchronicle.com
Reach Cary on
Cary Darling joined the Houston Chronicle in 2017 where he writes about arts, entertainment and pop culture, with an emphasis on film and media. Originally from Los Angeles and a graduate of Loyola Marymount University, he has been a features reporter or editor at the Orange County Register, Miami Herald, and the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. In addition, he has freelanced for a number of publications including the Los Angeles Times and Dallas Morning News.


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Kuzman Kapidan ( ) ali Kuzman Karamak ali Vojvoda Kuzman ali Kuzman Kareman je priljubljen legendarni junak bolgarske, kasneje pa makedonske epske poezije. Njegov lik temelji na zgodovinski osebi, ki je bil sprva hajduk, nato pa - serdar v službi Dželadin-beja (), guvernerja Ohridskega kaza na začetku 19. stoletja.  Premagal je tolpe roparjev Osmana Mure in Derviša Mucha. Po nekaterih legendah so ga zastrupili sovražniki, po drugih pa je bil ubit v bitki. Njegov boj proti razbojnikom je bil še vedno dejaven med Makedonci v 20. stoletju, zlasti v regiji Debar, od koder je deloval in od koder je domnevno izviral. Spomini nanj se vrstijo v številnih epskih pesmih, med drugim v nagrajeni pesnitvi O Armatolosu, ki jo je napisal bolgarski pesnik Grigor Parlichev v 19. stoletju.

Zgodovinsko ozadje
Na začetku 19. stoletja je Ohridsko območje pripadalo Osmanskemu cesarstvu, ki je imelo status kaze na Ohrijskem sandžku. Guverner sandžaka je bil Dželadin-bey, ki je moral vzdrževati ravnovesje med osmansko porto na eni strani in Ali-pašo, vodjo roparskih napadov v sosednjem Yanhalovem pašaluku. Roparkse skupine Ali Paše so pogosto oropale sosednja ozemlja, vključno z ozemljem, ki je bilo pod nadzorom Dželadin-beya. Dželadin-bey je pripadal vplivni skupini osmanskih uradnikov na zahodnem Balkanu, ki so se uprli reformam, da bi zaščitili svoje imetje, ki so ga prisilno zaplenili od drugih ljudi. Tako je Dželadin-bey "zaslužil" okoli 100 čiflikov na ozemlju kaze, ki ga je nadziral. Da bi se bolje upirali Osmanskemu cesarstvu so morali zbrati lokalne kristjane, da bi svojim rednim vojaškim silam pomagali varovati gorske prelaze proti Albaniji. Ko je Kuzman umrl, je njegov sin Đore podedoval njegov položaj in še naprej varoval njihovo kazo s svojimi silami, ki so jih sestavljali Albanci in makedonski Slovani.

Sklici

Nadaljnje branje

Mitološke osebe
Makedonska kultura

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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When You're a Christian...The Whole World Is From Missouri - with Leaders Guide
Living the Life of Faith in a "Show Me" World
By Rev. James W. Moore
Published July 1999
James W. Moore says that just as Missouri is the "Show Me" state, this is a "show me" world, where talking a good game is not enough. Essentially, the world says to us, "If you're a Christian, then show me!"
Moore contends that we, as Christians, must show the world that our faith is not only a way of believing but also a way of behaving - that it is not just something we celebrate on Sunday, but something we live out in the world every day.
In his warm, conversational style Moore explores characteristics that must be visible in our daily lives if we are to be effective witnesses in this "show me" world - forgiveness, dedication, gratitude, love, compassion, a spirit of service, perseverance, strength, faith and vision. Only when these are evident in our lives will the world know that we are Christians.
Rev. James W. Moore
James W. Moore (1938–2019) was an acclaimed pastor and ordained elder in The United Methodist Church. He led congregations in Jackson, TN; Shreveport, LA; and Houston, TX. The best-selling author of over 40 books, including Yes, Lord, I Have Sinned, But I Have Several Excellent Excuses, he also served as minister-in-residence at Highland Park United Methodist Church.
The Top Ten List for Christians with Leader's Guide
Priorities for Faithful Living


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California Code of Regulations
Title 10 - Investment
Chapter 13 - Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development
Article 1 - California Competes Tax Credit
Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 10, § 8060 - Website Posting. [Repealed]
Current through Register 2021 Notice, Register No. 40, October 1, 2021
Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 10, § 8060
Note: Authority cited: Sections 17059.2 and 23689, Revenue and Taxation Code. Reference: Sections 17059.2,18410.2 and 23689, Revenue and Taxation Code.
1. New section filed 2-20-2014 as an emergency; operative 2-20-2014 (Register 2014, No. 8). A Certificate of Compliance must be transmitted to OAL by 8-19-2014 or emergency language will be repealed by operation of law on the following day. 1. New section filed 2-20-2014 as an emergency; operative 2-20-2014 (Register 2014, No. 8). A Certificate of Compliance must be transmitted to OAL by 8-19-2014 or emergency language will be repealed by operation of law on the following day.
2. Readoption of 2-20-2014 action filed on 8-18-2014 as an emergency, including repealer of section; operative 8-18-2014 (Register 2014, No. 34). A Certificate of Compliance must be transmitted to OAL by 11-17-2014 or emergency language will be repealed by operation of law on the following day.
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text:
Journal of Clinical and Translational Science | VOL. 4
4377 Missed Opportunities to Prevent Homicide: An Analysis of the National Violent Death Reporting System
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.413
Publication Date Jun 1, 2020
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this study is to better understand the homicide victim population who were institutionalized within 30 days prior to their death. Improved knowledge of this population can potentially prevent these future homicides. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A retrospective analysis of the 36 states included in the 2003-2017 National Violent Death Reporting System was performed. Demographics of recently institutionalized homicide victims (RIHV) in the last 30 days were compared to homicide victims who were not recently institutionalized. Circumstances of the homicide, such as suspected gang involvement, were also compared. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were performed. Significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There were 81,229 homicides with 992 (1.2%) RIHV. The majority of RIHV were Black (49.6%) and older than victims who were not recently institutionalized (37.2 vs. 34.8, p<0.001). RIHV had a high school degree or higher in 54.8% of cases and the primary homicide weapon was a firearm in 67% of the deaths. They were more likely to be homeless (3.1% vs. 1.5%), have a mental health diagnosis (9.2% vs. 2.3%), abuse alcohol (6.1% vs. 2.2%), or abuse other substances (15.2% vs. 5.8%) [all p <0.001]. These victims were most commonly institutionalized in a correctional facility or a hospital compared to other facilities such as nursing homes. Homicide circumstances for RIHV were more likely to involve abuse/neglect (4.3% vs. 2.2%, p<0.001), gang violence (7.6% vs. 5...
National Violent Death Reporting System Violence Intervention Programs Homicide Victims High School Degree Mental Health Diagnosis Hate Crime Gang Violence Correctional Facility Risk Of Homicides Analysis Of System