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text:
\section{Introduction}

The description of turbulent flows over complex topography is relevant for a large variety of different environmental systems \citep{Sherman1978, Walmsley1982, baines1995, Wood2000, Venditti2013, Finnigan2020}. For example, the flow over hills is of primary interest for wind power, meteorological and air pollution phenomena \citep{Taylor1987}. The properties of these flows are also key to the understanding of geophysical phenomena, including the formation of wind-driven waves on the ocean surface \citep{Sullivan2010}, dissolution bedforms \citep{Claudin2017, Guerin2020}, or sedimentary ripples and dunes \citep{Bagnold1941, Charru2013, Courrech2015}. Importantly, the troposphere presents a vertical structure, with a lower convective boundary layer, of typical kilometer-scale thickness, capped by a stably stratified region \citep{Stull1988}. The largest topographic obstacles, such as mountains, can therefore interact with this upper region and lead to internal wave generation or significant wind disturbances, such as lee-side downslope winds \citep{Durran1990}.

Compared to hills and mountains, aeolian sand dunes offer idealized elevation profiles for the study of atmospheric turbulent flow over topographies, due to their smooth shape, free of canopies. Besides, dunes provide a rather wide range of scales, from decameters to kilometers, and very often come in a fairly regular pattern, which further simplifies the flow structure analysis. Past studies have highlighted two important topographic feedbacks on the wind flow close to the dune/hill surface.
First is the effect on wind speed, with documented flow acceleration on upwind slopes \citep{Weaver2011} and deceleration on downwind slopes \citep{Baddock2007}, where the speed-up factor is essentially proportional to the obstacle aspect ratio \citep{Jackson1975}. Under multidirectional wind regimes with frequent wind reversals, this speed-up effect induces large differences in the amplitude and orientation of the resultant sediment transport between flat sand beds and the dune crests \citep{Zhang2014, Rozier2019, Gao2021}. In addition, the position of maximum velocity is typically shifted upwind of the obstacle crest \citep{Jackson1975, Claudin2013}. This behaviour has been theoretically predicted by means of asymptotic analysis of a neutrally stratified boundary-layer flow over an obstacle of vanishing aspect ratio \citep{Jackson1975, Mason1979, Sykes1980, Hunt1988, Belcher1998, Kroy2002}. Experiments in flumes \citep{Zilker1977, Zilker1979, Frederick1988, Poggi2007, Bristow2022}, in wind tunnels \citep{Gong1989, Finnigan1990, Gong1996} and in field conditions at all scales \citep{Taylor1987a, Claudin2013, Fernando2019, Lu2021}, have also documented this effect. Interestingly, a similar behaviour exists for the pressure perturbation, but with a slight downwind shift for the pressure minimum \citep{Claudin2021}.

The second effect, much less studied, is the flow deflection that occurs when the incident wind direction is not perpendicular to the ridge crest. While predicted to be small (less than $10^{\circ}$) in the linear regime valid for shallow topography \citep{Gadal2019}, significant flow steering has been reported in the field on the downwind side of steep enough obstacles, such as well-developed sand dunes \citep{Tsoar1983, Sweet1990, Walker2002, Smith2017} and in particular coastal foredunes \citep[e.g.][]{Hunter1983, rasmussen1989, Walker2006, Walker2009, Hesp2015, Walker2017, deWinter2020}, mountain ranges \citep{Kim2000, Lewis2008, Fernando2019}, and valley topographies \citep{Wiggs2002, Garvey2005}.

Wind measurements over sand dunes have been mainly performed over small bedforms, typically a few meters high (corresponding to several tens of meters long) \citep[e.g.][]{Mulligan1988, Hesp1989, Lancaster1996, MckennaNeuman1997, Sauermann2003, Andreotti2002, Walker2002, Weaver2011}. For practical reasons, fewer studies have performed similar measurements on giant dunes \citep{Havholm1988}, with kilometer-scale wavelengths and heights of tens of meters. However, such large dunes provide a choice configuration for the study of turbulent flows over a complex topography. First, one expects larger wind disturbances for larger obstacles. Secondly, their large size can make them interact with the vertical structure of the atmosphere \citep{Andreotti2009}. Third, they usually form large patterns in sand seas and thus behave as rather clean periodic perturbations, in contrast with isolated dunes. Finally, because the morphodynamics of aeolian bedforms is strongly dependent on the local wind regime \citep{Livingstone2019}, one can expect to see the consequences of windflow disturbance by large dunes on neighbouring small dunes \citep{Brookfield1977, Ewing2006}. A similar effect is observed on the properties of impact ripple patterns due to the presence of dunes \citep{Howard1977, Hood2021}.

Atmospheric flows have been much studied at the desert-scale with climate reanalyses based on global atmospheric models \citep{Blumberg1996, Livingstone2010, Ashkenazy2012, Jolivet2021, Hu2021, gunn2021}, such as ERA-40, ERA-Interim or ERA5 \citep{Uppala2005, Dee2011, Hersbach2020}. However, the spatial resolution of these reanalyses (tens of kilometers) implies average quantities that do not resolve the smaller scales of interest, which range from individual dunes to small mountains \citep{Livingstone2010}. Recently, the release of ERA5-Land has partly resolved this limitation by providing up to 70 years of hourly wind predictions at a $9$~km spatial resolution \citep{munoz2021}. However, its validity remains to be studied, especially in remote desert areas where assimilation of measured data is very low.

In this work, we compare local wind speeds and directions measured by meteorological stations at four different locations inside and north of the giant linear dune field of the Namib sand sea to the regional predictions of the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis. Where the meteorological stations are surrounded by a relatively flat environment, we show that local measurements and regional predictions agree well. The agreement is also good in the interdune areas of the sand sea, except for some weak winds blowing at night, which exhibit an additional component aligned with the giant dune orientation. These winds are not predicted by the ERA5-Land reanalysis (Sect.~\ref{sec:sec2}). Further, we are able to link the magnitude of these differences to the circadian cycle of the atmospheric boundary layer (Sect.~\ref{sec:sec3}). Finally, we draw implications for the wind disturbances on smaller-scale dunes (Sect.~\ref{sec:sec4}), suggesting a possible origin for crossing dunes, a distinctive secondary dune form observed in the Namib and other sand seas.

\begin{figure}[t]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure1.pdf}
  \caption{Studied field sites. \textbf{a} Location of the different sites in Namibia. \textbf{b-e}: Photographs of the meteorological stations.}
  \label{Fig1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure2.pdf}
\caption{Wind data used in this study. Satellite images of the different environments (Google-Earth, Maxar Technologies, CNES/Airbus) are shown on the left. The black dots show the location of the wind measurements stations. On the right of the photos, the corresponding wind roses representing the data from the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis and the local wind stations are displayed. Note: the graphical convention for the wind roses is that the bars show the direction towards which the wind blows (see color bar for velocity scale).}
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}

\section{Wind Regimes Across The Namib Sand Sea}
\label{sec:sec2}
We measured the wind regime at four different locations in Namibia, representative of various arid environments across the Namib desert (Figs.~\ref{Fig1}~and~\ref{Fig2}). The Etosha West station was located at the Adamax waterhole to the west of Etosha Pan in northern Namibia, in a sparsely vegetated area. The Huab station was near the coast on a hyper-arid flat gravel plain lying north of the ephemeral Huab river. Here, barchan dunes up to a few meters in height develop from the sediment blowing out of the river valley \citep{Nield2017, Hesp1998}. These two stations were both located in relatively flat environments. In contrast, the North Sand Sea and South Sand Sea stations were located in the interdunes between linear dunes with kilometer-scale wavelengths, hectometer-scale heights and superimposed patterns. In this section, we describe and compare winds from local measurements and climate reanalysis predictions.

\subsection{Wind and Elevation Data}
At each meteorological station (Fig.~\ref{Fig1}), wind speed and direction were sampled every 10 minutes using cup anemometers (Vector Instruments A100-LK) and wind vanes (Vector Instruments W200-P) at a single height, which was between 2~m and 3~m depending on the station. The available period of measurements at each station ranged from 1 to 5 discontinuous years distributed between 2012 and 2020 (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig1_supp}). We checked that at least one complete seasonal cycle was available for each station. Regional winds were extracted at the same locations and periods from the ERA5-Land dataset, which is a replay at a smaller spatial resolution of ERA5, the latest climate reanalysis from the ECMWF \citep{Hersbach2020, munoz2021}. This dataset provided hourly predictions of the 10-m wind velocity and direction at a spatial resolution of $0.1^\circ\times0.1^\circ$ ($\simeq 9~\textup{km}$ in Namibia).

To enable direct comparison, the local wind measurements were averaged into 1-hr bins centered on the temporal scale of the ERA5-Land estimates (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig2_supp}). As the wind velocities of both datasets were provided at different heights, we converted them into shear velocities $u_{*}$ (Online Resource section 1), characteristic of the turbulent wind profile. Wind roses in Fig.~\ref{Fig2} show the resulting wind data.

Dune properties were computed using autocorrelation on the 30-m Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the shuttle radar topography mission \citep{Farr2007}. For the North and South Sand Sea stations, we obtain, respectively, orientations of $85^\circ$ and $125^\circ$ with respect to the North, wavelengths of $2.6~\textup{km}$ and $2.3~\textup{km}$ and amplitudes (or half-heights) of $45~\textup{m}$ and $20~\textup{m}$ (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig4_supp} for more details). This agrees with direct measurements made on site.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure3.pdf}
\caption{Temporal comparison between the wind data coming from the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis (orange lines) and from the local measurements (blue lines). Coloured swathes indicate day (between 10.00 UTC and 22.00 UTC) and night (before 10.00 UTC or after 22.00 UTC). Numbers in legends indicate the average flow deflection $\delta_{\theta}$ and relative wind modulation $\delta_{u}$ over the displayed period (see Sect.~\ref{DataDistribution} for their definitions), as well as the percentage $f_\theta$ and $f_u$ of occurrence of extreme events ($\delta_{\theta} > 50^\circ$, $\vert\delta_{u}\vert > 0.6$). \textbf{a,b}: Huab station in summer. \textbf{b,c}: Huab station in winter. \textbf{d,e}: Etosha West station in summer. \textbf{f,g}: Etosha West station in winter. Time series of the two other stations are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig5}.}
\label{Fig3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure4.pdf}
\caption{Distributions of wind direction at Huab and Etosha West stations for the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis (orange) and the local measurements (blue). In each subplot, both distributions are plotted from the same time steps, selected for different ranges of the wind wind velocity (rows) in the ERA5-Land dataset. The numbers at the upper right corners give the percentage of time steps selected in each sub-range (top), as well as the percentage of them corresponding to the day -- defined between 10.00 UTC and 22.00 UTC (bottom).}
\label{Fig4}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Comparison of Local and Regional Winds}
\label{section_data_feedback}
The measured and predicted wind regimes are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig2}. In the Namib, the regional wind patterns are essentially controlled by the sea breeze, resulting in strong northward components (sometimes slightly deviated by the large scale topography) present in all regional wind roses \citep{lancaster1985}. These daytime winds are dominant during the period October--March (Fig.~\ref{Fig3}f and Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig4}f). During April--September, an additional (and often nocturnal) easterly component can also be recorded, induced by the combination of katabatic winds forming in the mountains, and infrequent `berg' winds, which are responsible for the high wind velocities observed \citep{lancaster1984}. The frequency of these easterly components decreases from inland to the coast. As a result, bidirectional wind regimes within the Namib Sand Sea and at the west Etosha site (Fig.~\ref{Fig2}a,c and d) and a unidirectional wind regime on the coast at the outlet of the Huab River (Fig.~\ref{Fig2}b) are observed.

In the case of the Etosha West and Huab stations, the time series of wind speed and direction from the regional predictions quantitatively match those corresponding to the local measurements (Figs.~\ref{Fig3}, ~\ref{Fig4} and Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig5_supp}). For the North Sand Sea and South Sand Sea stations within the giant linear dune field, we observe that this agreement is also good, but limited to the October-March time period (Fig.~\ref{Fig4}a, b and e, f). However, the field-measured wind roses exhibit additional wind components aligned with the dune orientation, as evidenced on the satellite images (Fig.~\ref{Fig2}c and d).

More precisely, during the April--September period, the local and regional winds in the interdune match during daytime only, i.e when the southerly/southwesterly sea breeze dominates (Figs.~\ref{Fig5}c,d,g,h and \ref{Fig6}). In the late afternoon and during the night, when the easterly `berg' and katabatic winds blow, measurements and predictions differ. In this case, the angular wind distribution of the local measurements exhibits two additional modes corresponding to reversing winds aligned with the dune orientation (purple frame in Fig.~\ref{Fig6}, Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig6_supp}). This deviation is also associated with a general attenuation of the wind strength (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig7_supp}). Remarkably, all these figures show that these wind reorientation and attenuation processes occur only at low velocities of the regional wind, typically for $u_{*}^{\textup{ERA5-Land}} \lesssim 0.2~\textrm{m}~\textrm{s}^{-1}$. For shear velocities larger than $u_{*}^{\textup{ERA5-Land}} \simeq 0.3~\textrm{m}~\textrm{s}^{-1}$, the wind reorientation is not apparent. Finally, for intermediate shear velocities, both situations of wind flow reoriented along the dune crest and not reoriented can be successively observed (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig6_supp}). Importantly, these values are not precise thresholds (and certainly not related to the threshold for sediment transport), but indicative of a crossover between regimes, whose physical interpretation is discussed in the next section.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure5.pdf}
\caption{Same as Fig.~\ref{Fig3} for North Sand Sea station in summer (\textbf{a,b}), North Sand Sea station in winter (\textbf{b,c}), South Sand Sea station in summer (\textbf{d,e}) and South Sand Sea station in winter (\textbf{f,g}).}
\label{Fig5}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure6.pdf}
\caption{Same as Fig.~\ref{Fig4} but for North Sand Sea (\textbf{a}) and South Sand Sea (\textbf{b}) stations. Here, subplots correspond to different ranges for the wind direction (columns) and wind velocity (rows) of the ERA5-Land dataset. The grey vertical dashed lines indicate the main dune orientation. In contrast with observations at the Huab and Etosha West stations (Fig.~\ref{Fig4}), histograms do not match well at low wind velocities, and the purple frame highlights the regime (low wind velocities, nocturnal easterly wind) in which the data from both datasets differ most.}
\label{Fig6}
\end{figure}

\section{Influence of Wind Speed and Circadian Cycle on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer}
\label{sec:sec3}
The wind deflection induced by dunes has previously been related to the incident angle between wind direction and crest orientation, with a maximum deflection evident for incident angles between $30^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$ \citep{Walker2009, Hesp2015}. In the data analysed here, the most deflected wind at both the North and South Sand Sea stations is seen to be where the incident angle is perpendicular to the giant dunes (Figs.~\ref{Fig2} and \ref{Fig6}). It therefore appears that in our case, the incident wind angle is not the dominant control on maximum wind deflection. Further, and as shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig6}, winds of high and low velocities show contrasting behaviour in characteristics of deflection. This suggests a change in hydrodynamical regime between the winds. In this section, we discuss the relevant parameters associated with the dynamical mechanisms that govern the interactions between the atmospheric boundary layer flow and giant dune topographies. This analysis allows us to provide a physics-based interpretation of our measured wind data.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure7.pdf}
\caption{\textbf{a,b}: Vertical profiles of the virtual potential temperature $T_{\rm vp}$ at two different time steps (day - 03/11/2015 - 12.00 UTC, night - 01/13/2013 - 09.00 UTC) at the North Sand Sea station. Dots: data from the ERA5 reanalysis. Dashed lines: boundary layer height given by the ERA5 reanalysis (Online Resource section 2). Plain lines: vertical (boundary layer) and linear (free atmosphere) fits to estimate the stratification properties. \textbf{c--f}: Sketches representing the interaction between the giant dunes and the atmospheric flow for different meteorological conditions. \textbf{g}: Streamlines over a sinusoidal topography $\xi(x,y)$ qualitatively representing the effect of low, medium and strong flow confinement, in relation to the above panels (see Appendix~\ref{turbulent_wind_model} for more details). The blue arrow indicates the undisturbed wind direction.}
\label{Fig7}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Flow Over a Modulated Bed}
\label{theoretical_framework}
Taking as a reference the turbulent flow over a flat bed, the general framework of our study is understanding and describing the flow response to a bed modulation (e.g. a giant dune). Without loss of generality, we can consider in this context an idealised bed elevation in the form of parallel sinusoidal ridges, with wavelength $\lambda$ (or wavenumber $k = 2\pi/\lambda$) and amplitude $\xi_0$, and where the reference flow direction makes a given incident angle with respect to the ridge crest \citep{Andreotti2012}. Part of this response, on which we focus here, is the flow deflection by the ridges. In a simplified way, it can be understood from the Bernoulli principle~\citep{Hesp2015}: as the flow approaches the ridge crest, the compression of the streamlines results in larger flow velocities, and thus lower pressures \citep{Jackson1975}. An incident flow oblique to the ridge is then deflected towards lower pressure zones, i.e towards the crest. Turbulent dissipation tends to increase this effect downstream, resulting in wind deflection along the crest in the lee side~\citep{Gadal2019}.

Flow confinement below a capping surface, which enhances streamline compression, has a strong effect on the hydrodynamic response and typically increases flow deflection. This is the case for bedforms forming in open channel flows such as rivers~\citep{Kennedy1963, Chang1970, Mizumura1995, Colombini2004, Fourriere2010, Andreotti2012, Unsworth2018}. This is also relevant for aeolian dunes as they evolve in the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) capped by the stratified free atmosphere (FA) \citep{Andreotti2009}. Two main mechanisms, associated with dimensionless numbers must then be considered (Fig.~\ref{Fig7}). First, topographic obstacles typically disturb the flow over a characteristic height similar to their length. As flow confinement is characterised by a thickness $H$, the interaction between the dunes and the wind in the ABL is well captured by the parameter $k H$. The height $H$ is directly related to the sensitive heat flux from the Earth surface. It is typically on the order of a kilometre, but significantly varies with the circadian and seasonal cycles. Emerging and small dunes, with wavelengths in the range $20$ to $100$~m, are not affected by the flow confinement, corresponding to $k H \gg 1$. For giant dunes with kilometer-scale wavelengths, however, their interaction with the FA can be significant \citep{Andreotti2009}. This translates into a parameter $kH$ in the range $0.02$--$5$, depending on the moment of the day and the season. A second important mechanism is associated with the existence of a thin intermediate so-called capping layer between the ABL and the FA. It is characterised by a density jump $\Delta\rho$, which controls the `rigidity' of this interface, i.e. how much its deformation affects streamline compression. This is usually quantified using the Froude number \citep{Vosper2004, Stull2006, Sheridan2006, Hunt2006, Jiang2014}:
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{F} = \displaystyle\frac{U}{\sqrt{\displaystyle\frac{\Delta\rho}{\rho_{0}}gH}},
\label{FroudeNumber}
\end{equation}
where $U$ is the wind velocity at the top of the ABL and $\rho_{0}$ its average density. The intensity of the stratification, i.e. the amplitude of the gradient $\left | \partial_z \rho \right|$ in the FA, also impacts the ability to deform the capping layer under the presence of an underlying obstacle, and thus affects the influence of flow confinement. This can be quantified using the internal Froude number~\citep{Vosper2004, Stull2006, Sheridan2006, Hunt2006, Jiang2014} $\mathcal{F}_{\textup{I}} = k U/N$, where $N = \sqrt{-g \partial_z \rho / \rho_{0}}$ is the the Brunt-V\"ais\"al\"a frequency \citep{Stull1988}. Both Froude numbers have in practice the same qualitative effect on flow confinement (a smaller Froude corresponding to a stiffer interface), and we shall restrict the main discussion to $\mathcal{F}$ only.

With this theoretical framework in mind, and in the context of the measured wind data in the North and South Sand Sea stations, the smallest wind disturbances are expected to occur during the day, when the ABL depth is the largest and comparable to the dune wavelength ($k H \gtrsim 1$), which corresponds to a weak confinement situation (Fig.~\ref{Fig7}c and d). In contrast, large wind disturbances are expected to occur during the night, when the confinement is mainly induced by a shallow ABL (Fig.~\ref{Fig7}e). However, this strong confinement can be somewhat reduced in the case of strong winds, corresponding to large values of the Froude number and a less `rigid' interface (Fig.~\ref{Fig7}f). This is in qualitative agreement with the transition from deflected to non-deflected winds related to low and high velocities observed in our data (Sec.~\ref{section_data_feedback}).

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure8.pdf}
\caption{Regime diagrams of the wind deviation $\delta_{\theta}$ (\textbf{a}) and relative attenuation/amplification $\delta_{u}$ (\textbf{b}) in the space $(\mathcal{F}, \, kH)$, containing the data from both the North Sand Sea and South Sand Sea stations. The green dashed lines empirically delimit the different regimes. The point density in each bin of the diagrams is shown in Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig10_supp} -- 95\% of the data occur in the range $-1 < \delta u < 1$. Similar regime diagrams in the spaces $(\mathcal{F}_{\textup{I}}, \, kH)$ and $(\mathcal{F}_{\textup{I}}, \, \mathcal{F})$ are shown in Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig11_supp}.}
\label{Fig8}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Data Distribution in the Flow Regimes}
\label{DataDistribution}
We can go one step further and analyse how our data quantitatively spread over the different regimes discussed above. For that purpose, one needs to compute $kH$ and $\mathcal{F}$ from the time series. $H$, $U$ and the other atmospheric parameters can be deduced from the various vertical profiles (temperature, humidity) available in the ERA5 climate reanalysis (Online Resource section 2). We quantify the flow deflection $\delta_{\theta}$ as the minimal angle between the wind orientations comparing the local measurements and the regional predictions. We also compute the relative velocity modulation as
\begin{equation}
\delta_{\textup{u}} = \frac{u_{*}^{\textup{ERA5-Land}} -  u_{*}^{\textup{Local mes.}}}{u_{*}^{\textup{ERA5-Land}}}.
\end{equation}
These two quantities are represented as maps in the plane $(\mathcal{F}, \, kH)$ (Fig.~\ref{Fig8}a and b), and one can clearly identify different regions in these plots. Small wind disturbances (small $\delta_{\theta}$ and $\delta_{\textup{u}}$) are located in the top-right part of the diagrams, corresponding to a regime with low-interaction as well as low-confinement ($k H$ and $\mathcal{F}$ large enough, Fig.~\ref{Fig7}d). Lower values of $k H$ (stronger interaction) or of Froude number (stronger confinement) both lead to an increase in wind disturbances, both in terms of orientation and velocity. Below a crossover value $k H \simeq 0.3$, wind disturbance is less sensitive to the $\mathcal{F}$-value. This is probably due to enhanced non-linear effects linked to flow modulation by the obstacle when confinement is strong (e.g. wakes and flow recirculations). The Froude number also controls a transition from damped to amplified wind velocities in the interdune, with a crossover around $\mathcal{F} \simeq 0.4$ (Fig.~\ref{Fig8}b). Such an amplification is rather unexpected. Checking the occurrence of the corresponding data, it appears that these amplifications are associated with the southerly sea breeze, and occur dominantly during the October-March period, when the other easterly wind is not present (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig12_supp}a--b). Furthermore, they occur less frequently during the afternoon, and more frequently at the end of the day (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig12_supp}c). This effect may be linked to a change in the flow behaviour in the lee side of the obstacles but further measurements are needed in order to assess the different possibilities \citep{baines1995, Vosper2004}.

As the hydrodynamic roughness $z_0$ determine the magnitude of wind shear velocities, Froude
number $\mathcal{F}$ and relative velocity modulation $\delta_{u}$, it is important to discuss
the sensitivity of the results to the $z_0$-values chosen for both the ERA5-Land and the field
data (see Online Resource Sect.~\ref{calib_z0}). Other quantities associated with wind direction are
independent of this choice. Considering the possible range of realistic roughness values, the
uncertainty on velocities estimated using the law of the wall is at most 30~\%. A similar
maximum uncertainty applies to the Froude number. This uncertainty also propagates to
$\delta_{u}$, for which Figure~\ref{Fig14_supp} shows that the choice of roughness has little influence on
its temporal variations,even if it can induce a global increase or decrease of its values. Hence, the choice
of the $z_0$-values will not qualitatively affect the overall aspect of the regime diagram
presented in Figure 8b. It may only change the value of $\delta_u$ for which the transition
between regimes is observed (dashed green lines in Figure~\ref{Fig8}b). Our conclusions are thus robust
with respect to the somewhat arbitrary choice of the hydrodynamic roughness values.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{Figure9.pdf}
\caption{Implications for smaller scale patterns in (\textbf{a}) the South Sand Sea and (\textbf{b}) North Sand Sea. The ellipses indicate the different types of elongating dunes, at large (plain line) and small (dashed line) scales. Dune orientation are predicted using the model of \citet{Courrech2014} from the sand flux angular distributions, shown here (roses) along with the resultant transport direction (brown arrow) for typical values (grain size $180~\mu$m, flux-up ratio of $1.6$). Code for corresponding arrows: use of ERA5-Land data (plain line), use of local measurements (dashed line), prediction for the bed instability growth mechanism (blue), prediction for the elongation growth mechanism (red). Wedges show the uncertainty on the orientation calculation when parameters are varied. The black dots indicate the location of the meteorological stations in the interdune. See Appendix~\ref{app:app2} for additional details.}
\label{Fig9}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion and Conclusion}
\label{sec:sec4}

The feedback of the giant dunes on the wind flow has important implications for smaller scale bedforms. As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{Fig9}, small linear dunes ($\sim50$~m wide) are often present within the 1--2~km interdune spaces between giant linear dunes in the Namib Sand Sea \citep{Livingstone2010}. These smaller dunes do not exhibit the same orientation as the large ones, and are sometimes named `crossing dunes'~\citep{Chand22}. Whilst differences between large and small scale dune patterns are observed ubiquitously, they are usually attributed to the presence of two different dune growth mechanisms, leading to two different dune patterns (orientations and/or morphologies) for the same wind regime~\citep{Courrech2014, Runyon2017, lu2017, Song2019, Gadal2020, Hu2021}. Here, however, our arguments enable the development of differing orientations for the small and giant linear dunes governed by the same dune growth mechanism (elongating mode). Figure~\ref{Fig9} shows how the orientations for the small and giant dunes can be derived from the locally measured and regionally predicted winds respectively (red arrows in Fig.~\ref{Fig9}). These predictions require the threshold of aeolian sand transport to be specified. Importantly, its value (a shear velocity estimated at $u_{\textup{th}} \simeq 0.15~\textup{m}~\textup{s}^{-1}$ -- see Appendix~\ref{app:app2}) can be reached in periods during which deflected winds are observed (recall that the stronger winds, responsible for most of the sediment transport and associated dune morphodynamics, are not deflected -- see Fig.~\ref{Fig6}). The feedback of the giant dunes on the wind described in this study, through wind deflection and attenuation, thus provides a potential explanation for the existence of these small linear dunes elongating across the interdune, a dynamic which has remained unresolved to date. These crossing dunes could provide additional constraints for the inference of local winds from bedforms, similarly to that currently performed on Mars using ripple orientations \citep{Liu2015, Hood2021}. Further work is needed to investigate these processes in more detail, including measurements of sediment transport and flow on the top of dunes.

This study presents field and reanalysis-based evidence that wind flow patterns around giant dunes are influenced by the atmospheric boundary layer, particularly during nocturnal conditions. However, we do not address here the question of the limitation of the giant dune pattern coarsening, and leave open the debate as to whether their size is controlled by the depth of this layer \citep{Andreotti2009}, in contrast to sediment supply limited and ever-slower growth with size \citep{Werner1999, Gunn2022}. More field evidence is definitively needed from additional dune fields, but this mechanism would allow for the inference of the ABL depth from giant bedform wavelengths where measurements are not feasible or available, such as Titan \citep{Lorenz2010}.

To conclude on conditions under which the ERA5-Land reanalysis data can reliably be used to study dune morphodynamics, we summarise the comparison of local (direct measurements) and regional (climate reanalysis) wind data as follows. In flat areas, the agreement between the two confirms the ability of the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis to predict the wind regime down to scales $\sim10$~km, i.e the model grid. When smaller scale topographies are present (giant dunes in our case), locally measured winds can significantly differ from the regionally predicted ones. This is the case when the disturbances induced by the dunes interact with the lower part of the ABL vertical structure, which presents circadian variations. During the day, when the capping layer is typically high, this interaction is small, and the ERA5-Land predictions are also quantitatively consistent with the local data. During the night, however, the presence of a shallow atmospheric boundary layer induces a strong confinement of the flow, and is associated with large wind deflection by the dunes. Importantly, we find that this effect can be counterbalanced for large wind velocities, which are capable of deforming the capping layer, thus decreasing the influence of the confinement.

The theoretical computation of the wind disturbances induced by sinusoidal ridges under flow confinement has been performed in the linear limit \citep{Andreotti2009, Andreotti2012}, i.e. when the aspect ratio of these ridges is small ($k\xi_0 \ll 1$). These models are able to qualitatively reproduce the observed wind deflection (Appendix~\ref{turbulent_wind_model}, Online Resource Figs.~\ref{Fig11_supp} and \ref{Fig13_supp}), and thus provide the physical support for the interpretation we propose here based on hydrodynamic regimes. However, these models cannot quantitatively predict the magnitude of our observations, probably due to the presence of expected non-linearities in high confinement situations linked to strong flow modulations. Besides, these linear calculations only predict wind attenuation in the interdune, in contrast with the observed enhanced velocities associated with particular evening winds from the south during the period October-March (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig12_supp}). Some other models predict different spatial flow structures in response to a modulated topography, such as lee waves and rotors \citep{baines1995, Vosper2004}. However, our measurements are located at a single point in the interdune, and we are thus unable to explore these types of responses. Data at different places along and across the ridges are needed to investigate and possibly map such flow structures, and for further comparisons with the models.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We would like to acknowledge the contributors of the following open-source python librairies, Matplotlib \citep{Hunter2007}, Numpy \citep{Harris2020} and Scipy \citep{Virtanen2020}, which provide an incredibly efficient ecosystem allowing scientific research in Python. We also thank B. Andreotti and A. Gunn for useful discussions.

\end{acknowledgements}

{\footnotesize\noindent\textbf{Data Availability}~All data used in this study can be found in \citet{DataPaper}. Note that it contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service Information (2021). Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus Information or Data it contains. Documented codes used in this study to analyse this data are available at https://github.com/Cgadal/GiantDunes (will be made public upon acceptance of this manuscript for publication).}

\vspace{.2cm }

{\footnotesize\noindent\textbf{Fundings}~Multiple grants have supported the collection of wind data through visits to the four sites between 2013 and 2020 (John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund (121/474); National Geographic (CP-029R-17); Natural Environment Research Council UK (NE/R010196/1 and NE/H021841/1 NSFGEO-NERC); Southampton Marine and Maritime Institute SMMI EPSRC-GCRF UK), along with research permits (1978/2014, 2140/2016, 2304/2017, 2308/2017, RPIV00022018, RPIV0052018, RPIV00230218).  The authors are very grateful for support from Etosha National Park (especially Shyane K\"otting, Boas Erckie, Pierre du Preez, Claudine Cloete, Immanuel Kapofi, Wilferd Versfeld, and Werner Kilian), Gobabeb Namib Research Institute (Gillian Maggs-K\"olling and Eugene Marais), The Skeleton Coast National Park (Joshua Kazeurua).  Various researchers and desert enthusiasts have assisted with instruments and the logistics of expeditions, especially Mary Seely for expert guidance at the North Sand Sea site.
Finally, we acknowledge financial support from the Laboratoire d'Excellence UnivEarthS Grant ANR-10-LABX-0023, the Initiative d'Excellence Universit\'e de Paris Grant ANR-18-IDEX-0001, the French National Research Agency Grants ANR-17-CE01-0014/SONO and the National Science Center of Poland Grant 2016/23/B/ST10/01700.}

\vspace{.2cm }
{\footnotesize\noindent\textbf{Conflict of interest}~The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.}

\section*{Appendix 1: Linear Theory of Wind Response to Topographic Perturbation}
\label{turbulent_wind_model}

Following the work of \citet{Fourriere2010}, \citet{Andreotti2012} and \citet{Andreotti2009}, we briefly describe in this appendix the framework for the linear response of a turbulent flow to a topographic perturbation of small aspect ratio. As a general bed elevation can be decomposed into Fourier modes, we focus here on a sinusoidal topography:
\begin{equation}
\xi = \xi_{0}\cos\left[k\left(\cos(\alpha)y - \sin(\alpha)x\right)\right],
\end{equation}
which is also a good approximation for the giant dunes observed in the North Sand Sea and South Sand Sea Station (Fig.~\ref{Fig2} and Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig4_supp}). Here, $x$ and $y$ are the streamwise and spanwise coordinates, $k=2\pi/\lambda$ the wavenumber of the sinusoidal perturbation, $\alpha$ its crest orientation with respect to the $x$-direction (anticlockwise) and $\xi_{0}$ its amplitude. The two components of the basal shear stress $\boldsymbol{\tau} = \rho_{0} u_{*}\boldsymbol{u}_{*}$, constant in the flat bottom reference case, can then be generically written as:
\begin{align}
\tau_{x} & = \tau_{0}\left(1 + k\xi_{0}\sqrt{\mathcal{A}_{x}^{2} + \mathcal{B}_{x}^{2}}\cos\left[k\left(\cos(\alpha)y - \sin(\alpha)x\right) + \phi_{x}\right]\right), \\
\tau_{y} & = \tau_{0} \, k\xi_{0}\sqrt{\mathcal{A}_{y}^{2} + \mathcal{B}_{y}^{2}}\cos\left[k\left(\cos(\alpha)y - \sin(\alpha)x\right) + \phi_{y}\right],
\end{align}
where $\tau_{0}$ is the reference basal shear stress on a flat bed. We have defined the phase $\phi_{x, y} = \tan^{-1}\left(\mathcal{B}_{x, y}/\mathcal{A}_{x, y}\right)$ from the in-phase and in-quadrature hydrodynamical coefficients $\mathcal{A}_{x, y}$ and $\mathcal{B}_{x, y}$. They are functions of $k$ and of the flow conditions, i.e the bottom roughness, the vertical flow structure and the incident flow direction, and the theoretical framework developed in the above cited papers proposes methods to compute them in the linear regime.

Following \citet{Andreotti2012}, the effect of the incident wind direction can be approximated by the following expressions:
\begin{align}
  \mathcal{A}_{x} & = \mathcal{A}_{0}\sin^{2}\alpha, \\
  \mathcal{B}_{x} & = \mathcal{B}_{0}\sin^{2}\alpha, \\
  \mathcal{A}_{y} & = -\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\mathcal{A}_{0}\cos\alpha \sin\alpha, \\
  \mathcal{B}_{y} & = -\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\mathcal{B}_{0}\cos\alpha \sin\alpha,
\end{align}
where $\mathcal{A}_{0}$ and $\mathcal{B}_{0}$ are now two coefficients independent of the dune orientation $\alpha$, corresponding to the transverse case ($\alpha=90$). In the case of a fully turbulent boundary layer capped by a stratified atmosphere, these coefficients depend on $k H$, $k z_{0}$, $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{F}_{\textup{I}}$ \citep{Andreotti2009}. For their computation, we assume here a constant hydrodynamic roughness $z_{0} \simeq 1$~mm (Online Resource section 1). For the considered giant dunes, this leads to $k z_{0} \simeq 2 \cdot 10^{-6}$, as their wavelength is $\lambda \simeq 2.4$~km (or $k \simeq 2 \cdot 10^{-3}$~m$^{-1}$). Values of $z_{0}$ extracted from field data indeed typically fall between 0.1 mm and 10 mm \citep{Sherman2008, Field2018}. Importantly, $\mathcal{A}_{0}$ and $\mathcal{B}_{0}$ do not vary much in the corresponding range of $k z_{0}$ \citep{Fourriere2010}, and the results presented here are robust with respect to this choice.

With capping layer height and Froude numbers computed from the ERA5-Land time series, the corresponding $\mathcal{A}_{0}$ and $\mathcal{B}_{0}$ can be deduced, as displayed in Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig13_supp}. Interestingly, it shows similar regimes as in the diagrams of Fig.~\ref{Fig8} and Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig11_supp}a,b, supporting the underlying physics. However, the agreement is qualitative only. Further, the linearity assumption of the theoretical framework requires $\left(\vert \tau \vert - \tau_{0}\right)/\tau_{0} \ll 1$, which translates into $k\xi\sqrt{\mathcal{A}_{0}^{2} + \mathcal{B}_{0}^{2}} \ll 1$. In our case, the giant dune morphology gives $k\xi_0 \simeq 0.1$, which means that one quits the regime of validity of the linear theory when the coefficient modulus $\sqrt{\mathcal{A}_{0}^{2} + \mathcal{B}_{0}^{2}}$ becomes larger than a few units. In accordance with the theoretical expectations, these coefficients present values on the order of unity ($\mathcal{A}_{0} \simeq 3$ and $\mathcal{B}_{0} \simeq 1$) in unconfined situations \citep{Claudin2013, Lu2021}. In contrast and as illustrated in Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig13_supp}a,b, larger values are predicted in case of strong confinement, which does not allow us to proceed to further quantitative comparison with the data.

Finally, the linear model is also able to reproduce the enhancement of the flow deflection over the sinusoidal ridges when $\sqrt{\mathcal{A}_{0}^{2} + \mathcal{B}_{0}^{2}}$ is increased (Online Resource Fig.~\ref{Fig13_supp}). Here, using $k\xi_0 \simeq 0.1$ to be representative of the amplitude of the giant dunes at the North Sand Sea station, the coefficient modulus is bounded to $10$.

\section*{Appendix 2: Sediment Transport and Dune Morphodynamics}
\label{app:app2}

We summarise in this appendix the sediment transport and dune morphodynamics theoretical framework leading to the prediction of sand fluxes and dune orientations from wind data.

\paragraph{Sediment Transport} ---
The prediction of sand fluxes from wind data has been a long standing issue in aeolian geomorphological studies~\citep{Fryberger79, Pearce2005, Sherman2012, Shen2019}. Based on laboratory studies in wind tunnels \citep{Rasmussen96, Iversen99, Creyssels2009, Ho2011}, as well as physical considerations \citep{Ungar1987, Andreotti2004bis, Duran2011, Pahtz2020}, it has been shown that the steady saturated saltation flux over a flat sand bed depends linearly on the shear stress:
\begin{equation}
\label{transport_law_quadratic}
\frac{q_{\textup{sat}}}{Q} = \Omega\sqrt{\Theta_{\textup{th}}}\left(\Theta - \Theta_{\textup{th}}\right),
\end{equation}
where $\Omega$ is a proportionality constant, $Q = d\sqrt{(\rho_{\textup{s}} - \rho_{0})gd/\rho_{0}}$ is a characteristic flux, $\Theta = \rho_{0} u_{*}^{2}/(\rho_{\textup{s}} - \rho_{0})gd$ the Shields number, and $\Theta_{\textup{th}}$ its threshold value below which saltation vanishes. $\rho_{\textup{s}} = 2.6~\textup{g}~\textup{cm}^{-3}$ and $d=180~\mu\textup{m}$ are the grain density and diameter, and $g$ is the gravitational acceleration. The shear velocity, and consequently the Shields number as well as the sediment flux, are time dependent.

Recently, \citet{Pahtz2020} suggested an additional quadratic term in Shields to account for grain-grain interactions within the transport layer at strong wind velocities:
\begin{equation}
\label{transport_law_quartic}
\frac{q_{\textup{sat, t}}}{Q} = \frac{2\sqrt{\Theta_{\textup{th}}}}{\kappa\mu}\left(\Theta - \Theta_{\textup{th}}\right)\left(1 +\frac{C_{\textup{M}}}{\mu}\left[\Theta - \Theta_{\textup{th}}\right]\right),
\end{equation}
where $\kappa = 0.4$ is the von K\'arm\'an constant, $C_{\rm M} \simeq 1.7$ a constant and $\mu \simeq 0.6$ is a friction coefficient, taken to be the avalanche slope of the granular material. The fit of this law to the experimental data of \citet{Creyssels2009} and \citet{Ho2011} gives $\Theta_{\textup{th}} = 0.0035$. The fit of Eq.~\ref{transport_law_quadratic} on these same data similarly gives $\Omega \simeq 8$ and $\Theta_{\textup{th}} = 0.005$. The sand flux angular distributions and the dune orientations in Fig.~\ref{Fig9} are calculated using this law \eqref{transport_law_quartic}. We have checked that using the ordinary linear relationship \eqref{transport_law_quadratic} instead does not change the predicted dune orientations by more than a few degrees.

\paragraph{Dune Orientations} ---
Dune orientations are predicted with the dimensional model of \citet{Courrech2014}, from the sand flux time series computed with the above transport law. Two orientations are possible depending on the mechanism dominating the dune growth: elongation or bed instability. The orientation $\alpha$ corresponding to the bed instability is then the one that maximises the following growth rate \citep{Rubin1987}:
\begin{equation}
\sigma \propto \frac{1}{H_{d} W_{d} T}\int_0^T  q_{\textup{crest}}\vert \sin\left(\theta - \alpha\right) \vert \, \textup{d}t,
\end{equation}
where $\theta$ is the wind orientation measured with respect to the same reference as $\alpha$, and $H_{d}$ and $W_{d}$ are dimensional constants respectively representing the dune height and width. The integral runs over a time $T$, which must be representative of the characteristic period of the wind regime. The flux at the crest is expressed as:
\begin{equation}
q_{\textup{crest}} = q_{\textup{sat}}\left[1 + \gamma\vert\sin\left(\theta - \alpha\right)\vert\right],
\end{equation}
where the flux-up ratio $\gamma$ has been calibrated to $1.6$ using field studies, underwater laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Predictions of the linear analysis of \citet{Gadal2019} and \citet{Delorme2020} give similar results.

Similarly, the dune orientation corresponding to the elongation mechanism is the one that verifies:
\begin{equation}
\tan(\alpha) = \frac{\langle q_{\textup{crest}}(\alpha) \boldsymbol{e}_{\theta}\rangle \cdot \boldsymbol{e}_{WE} }{ \langle q_{\textup{crest}}(\alpha) \boldsymbol{e}_{\theta} \rangle \cdot \boldsymbol{e}_{SN}},
\end{equation}
where $\langle.\rangle$ denotes a vectorial time average. The unitary vectors $\boldsymbol{e}_{WE}$, $\boldsymbol{e}_{SN}$ and $\boldsymbol{e}_{\theta}$ are in the West-East, South-North and wind directions, respectively.

The resulting computed dune orientations, blue and red arrows in Fig.~\ref{Fig9}, then depend on a certain number of parameters (grain properties, flux-up ratio, etc.), for which we take typical values for aeolian sandy deserts. Due to the lack of measurements in the studied places, some uncertainties can be expected. We therefore run a sensitivity test by calculating the dune orientations for grain diameters ranging from $100~\mu\textup{m}$ to $400~\mu\textup{m}$ and for a speed-up ratio between $0.1$ and $10$ (wedges in Fig.~\ref{Fig9}).

\clearpage

\bibliographystyle{spbasic_updated}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Are you planning your vacation in Castellana Grotte, Italy? Are you looking for all the information on Castellana Grotte? On Visititaly Varese you find tourist guides written by the editorial staff and travel experiences of travellers who, like you, have chosen Castellana Grotte as a destination for a trip or for their holidays. Discover Castellana Grotte Top travel tips with Visititaly's suggestions, recommendations, travel advice and all things to know about Castellana Grotte.
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Stephanie began playing volleyball competitively at the age of 15. In high school, Stephanie played varsity all four years as an outside hitter and middle. She played club volleyball and made the USAV second team twice. She began her college career at the University of Hawaii, making a final four appearance her sophomore year before transferring to the University of Florida. She competed as both an outside hitter and opposite for both programs. She began her coaching career 12 years ago with Imi'Ike Volleyball Club in Honolulu and has since had the pleasure of coaching both at the high school and club level in Florida, Hawaii, California and Nevada.
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I recall the day I graduated high school in 1997 - I could not imagine my 10 year high school reunion. It seemed so far away and while that day came and went, it truly showed me how fast 10 years goes by. Crap, my 20 is less than 4 years away!!!!!
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While it is very hard for me to grasp that it has been 10 years since I have spoken to, seen or be held by my father, I still miss him every day and it breaks my heart he is not here for my upcoming wedding.
I knew I had to honor this day to Brian Wood. I mean, I celebrate national guacamole day so I am making up my own fake holiday today - National London Broil Day. This blog wouldn't be alive if it weren't for Daddy. He gave me the competitive drive to achieve goals which I couldn't imagine (NYC Marathon). He taught me to cook. Daddy was my go to foodnetwork.com before it existed (Dad.....how do I know when a steak is Medium Rare? Dad, how do I make my mashed potatoes non-lumpy? Dad, I have a fire in my kitchen!?). Cooking was my way to connect to my father.
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In a heated cast iron skillet, sear your meat for 2 minutes each side. If 1", place into an oven for 3 minutes for Medium Rare. Add more time for additional thickness. Let rest for 5 minutes and cut against the grain.
Boil a large pot of salted water. bringing to a boil - meanwhile, peel your potatoes and cut them into cubes. Place potatoes into water and bring back to a boil then lower to a simmer for 15 minutes until you can stick a fork in them and they fall apart.
Heat milk and butter in a saucepan (don't let it come to a boil). Set aside.
When the potatoes are done, drain and mash them using a potato masher (I usually vision exes or bad co-workers). Once they are to a mashed consistency, stir in the hot milk mixture with a rubber spatula. Slowly add the buttermilk to make your mashed potatoes to the creamy consistancy you are looking for. Season to taste.
Normally, I would serve this dish with an amazing red wine. I chose to serve this with a bottle of bubbles to honor my Daddy. I fell in love with a bottle of bubbles, Franciacorta Cuvée Brut Casa Bellavista. The grapes are 80% Chardonnay, and 20% Pinot Bianco and Pinot Nero - perfection to any bubble lover.
I would normally pair this amazing bottle of bubbles with a nice seafood dinner but wanted to honor my Dad in a fancy way that would embarrass him if he was around!! This bottle was equivalent to those one spends $150+ a bottle on and I know exactly what I will be stocking up for the last week of November after 3 huge races are completed.
This is such an amazing post Megan. I'm sure it would've made your Dad very proud. Loved reading the wayfarers reference and that everyone still calls him "Coach" today. He sounds like a really, really cool guy. Will have to make this recipe soon...looks and sounds so yummy.
I loved this post I found you looking for a london broil recipe and this post was just full of so much more.


text:
Review: "Manhunter"
Garth Franklin
Friday, August 5th 2005 12:00 am
I'm regularly finding that its usually in ones early teen years that people first see the films that they will remember and cherish for a life time – amongst them were "Aliens" and "The Silence of the Lambs".
But where as I was aware that "Aliens" was a sequel (something a lot of my young peers didn't know of till the further sequels came along), I had no clue 'Silence' itself was a sequel to this film until about two years later. Even today you could easily walk down the street and find that a good portion (if not the majority) of people who know of 'Silence' are unaware of the first Lecter outing which was done by a little-known Director at the time called Michael Mann who has gone on to become one of Hollywood's biggest names with films like "Heat" and "The Insider".
The clips I had seen never really interested me and it wasn't until late last year that I finally got around to seeing Mann's film which sadly suffers quite noticeably from its age. 'Silence' is a work of art with each frame beautifully dark and rendered in rich colours with everything from the lighting, the dialogue, the haunting music, the performances – all spot on tone and still look totally fresh even ten years later.
"Manhunter" suffers from a lower budget and less skilled filmmaking with nowhere near as memorable characters and a decent but not particularly engaging tale. Nevertheless the film certainly has some great moments which push it only just slightly above the average efforts of the genre and while it lacks the richness of 'Silence' it certainly does come across as more realistic.
The main thing pushing it along are the performances. Petersen proves surprisingly engaging as the burned out cop which is done in a way that never resorts to cheap scenes done purely for exposition purposes. His dialogue may not be that great, but its actually his body language which is the more telling performer here. Noonan is also surprisingly good as the killer, a character much deeper and more complex than the rather stereotypical style of Jamie Gumb in 'Silence'.
Noonan's insane of course, but is more of a loner who desperately wants to be loved – and there are times one can't help but sympathise with him. However easily the best performer of the whole film is Joan Allen as the blind woman Noonan feels for. Allen is fantastic in the way that she's an assertive female character in a time when there weren't many in cinema an she does the emotional bits well.
The scene involving her stroking and listening to the heart beat of a anesthetized tiger is the movie's emotional highpoint and is the scene you'll probably remember the most. The other most memorable scene is on the complete opposite end of the scale and is a quick one-second shot of the fate of a nosy reporter that gets too close to Noonan. Its so fast and surprising you'll jump in your seat.
Then we come to Dr. Lecter of course. Brian Cox plays the flesh eating cannibal this time around and sadly can't hold a flame to Hopkins. From the very first shot we see of of Hopkins standing in his cell smiling in 'Silence' you could fell the sheer menace, power and intelligence behind those eyes. As the performance went on you quickly learned how terrifying a monster this man is. Cox however plays the role much more straightly and thus while nowhere near as memorable or frightening, he certainly does make the Lecter character more realistic.
Lecter only appears in two scenes in the movie, both played one right after the other with a total screen time of only about 4-5 minutes. The first has Petersen and him talking and is more of a flat Q&A bit with Lecter eventually taunting Petersen (who seems asleep in those scenes). More interesting is the second scene which shows off the crafty side of Lecter as he places a call. The rest of the characters aren't so great with Dennis Farina playing a completely forgettable Jack Crawford.
The cinematography is still kind of interesting but things like the gunfight scene scream 80's, though not as much as a truly awful synthesizer style soundtrack which ruins the atmosphere in certain scenes. It may have worked back then but today it comes across as shite. The much touted 'Directors Cut' adds a small number of scenes and a new ending – most noticeable addition being a boring pre-Lecter briefing to Petersen by Dr. Chilton.
This scene is a real highlight of the difference between the two as in 'Manhunter' the warnings Chilton gives are in a flat tone that's almost like a Uni Lecture (ie. dull) but in 'Silence' Chilton's now famous "Do No Touch the Glass, Do Not Approach The Glass…" bit was great at building suspense. Its rare to find sequels better than originals, in this case though the sequel is light years ahead whilst the original itself remains a decent-good movie anyhow.
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text:
Don't Worry, Dudes: The Heat Is a 'Gender Neutral' Movie
Filed to: moviesFiled to: movies
film schooled
women and hollywood
As usual, there are quite a few dude-centric flicks coming this summer — from Iron Man to Man of Steel to This Is The End, Lone Ranger and Wolverine. (Not to mention The Internship, World War Z, White House Down, Pacific Rim, Grown-Ups 2, 2 Guns.) And although two women — Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy — star in The Heat, the studio is hoping the film reads as gender-neutral.
As Alexandra Cheney writes for the Wall Street Journal:
One of the film's largest hurdles is to attract both men and women. Fox is positioning "The Heat" as an action-laden buddy comedy, and regard the movie as "gender neutral," according to Daria Cercek, Fox's vice president of production who oversaw the film.
Also to generate buzz, two of "The Heat's" male stars, Marlon Wayans and Michael Rapaport, appeared on ESPN2's show "Nation at Night" last week to promote the film closer to its June 28 release.
Oh boy. It's probably true that if you market the movie to women alone, men will think it's not for them. That's the kind of atmosphere we live in: Girly stuff is for ladies, and creative efforts can get pigeon-holed, branded a "chick flick" or "chick lit." But since we live in a patriarchy, and male-oriented is the default, men and women are both expected to go to male-lead superhero movies, and enjoy male-character-driven franchises like The Hangover, The Dark Knight and Spider-Man.
But by playing up The Heat's "gender neutral" status, is Fox really saying, "ignore the fact that these are women"? Is the studio trying to trick dudes into watching women on screen, like sneaking vegetables into brownies? Or is this right way to teach the world that a woman's story can be for everyone, not just for women?
"It's crazy; over 50% of the people on the planet are women and there are only a couple of movies coming out that appeal to them or are made by them," says The Heat's director, Paul Feig (also responsible for Bridesmaids.) And:
"For so many years now the movies catering to women have left men bored out of their minds. The Heat was built from the ground up to just be ridiculously funny."
[WSJ]
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brewer of the mead of invulnerability.
O god of art, blacksmith unequaled, I honor you.
the best and truest work that resides within.
O god of art, woodwright unequaled, I honor you.
the choicest of treasures in any king's trove.
O god of art, goldsmith unequaled, I honor you.


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The rights of parents to nurture and raise their children are deeply embedded in the history and culture of Western Civilization. This primary role of the parents in the upbringing of their children is now established beyond doubt as an enduring American tradition. Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972).
Accordingly, as a Constitutional protection, the United States Supreme Court has held that parents have a "fundamental liberty interest in the care, custody, and management of their child[ren]". Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745 (1982)
However, just as any of our "fundamental rights", they are not absolute. The state also has what's called an important government interest in protecting children. When these two interests collide, the state may move in and terminate a parent's rights.
There are two ways to terminate a parent's rights. This article will address those two processes.
I. Voluntarily
This is most commonly seen in adoption cases. The scenario usually goes along these lines – Mom and dad have a child and either never get married or get divorced, etc. But one way or another they split up, and separate far and wide. Mom takes her child with her and, years down the road, she finds herself married to another man, and they start having a family of their own. In many cases, husband and wife would like to adopt mother's child. There are a number of reasons a step parent would want to adopt a child of a spouse, but this article's focus is on termination of parental rights, so we will leave the details of adoption for another time.
The easiest way to adopt a child of the spouse is to simply get the biological parent's consent. To say that is the easiest way does not, by any means, mean it will be easy. The biological parent, for whatever reason, may not consent to the adoption.
There are, of course, good reasons for the biological parent to simply consent to the adoption. When the biological parent consents to the adoption, he is giving up all his legal parental rights in the child or children. That also means he is giving up all his legal obligations, i.e. child support. As someone famous, either Gandhi or Spiderman once said, with great rights come great responsibility.
In the case of voluntarily terminating parental rights, you also give up your responsibilities.
Now, what if biological parent doesn't want to consent or voluntarily give up their rights? A parent can ask the court to terminate the other parent's rights. Assume biological parent left when the child was born and child is now ten years old, having never seen that parent.
A court may terminate parental rights if the court finds ANY ONE of the following grounds:
Only token efforts have been made by the parent to:
A Parent is unfit or incompetent.
Parent has neglected or abused the child.
Parent has abandoned the child.
Support or communicate with the child.
Prevent neglect of the child.
Among other reasons.
In the case of the parent who left the child at an early age and has been absent for years, it's a pretty easy case to show abandonment or neglect.
II. Involuntary
The second way to terminate parental rights is to remove the child from the parent(s) involuntarily. This usually, comes in the form of the Division of Child and Family Services (DCFS) who initially removes the child from a home on a finding that there is some form of abuse, neglect, endangerment or other factors.
Because of the Constitutional rights parents have with their children, discussed at the beginning, the steps DCFS has to take to terminate parental rights are stringent, to say the least. The Division can initially remove a child from a dangerous environment, say, in the face of drug use, physical abuse and the like. That, in and of itself, does not terminate a parent's rights. The state must give wide latitude in helping the parents recover, go through therapy or take every reasonable measure to put the child back into the home of the natural parents and in a safe environment.
However, if the Division determines that the parent is unfit or incompetent and on a showing that there is a substantial likelihood that the parent will not be capable of exercising proper and effective parental care, the Division will petition the court to terminate the parent's rights.


Charming cottage home with refinished original hardwood flooring. Additions include master bedroom with en-suite bath, laundry room, screened porch and deck on rear of home. Kitchen has been remodeled and includes custom made maple cabinets, made by the carpenter/cabinet maker that previously owned the home. The original plumbing and wiring in this home have both been replaced. Huge backyard with lots of room for a boat, storage building, etc… Backyard has a gate and driveway that opens up directly to Frederica Road, for easy ingress/egress. Future owner has the option to come and go this way. Entire lot is serviced by an irrigation system that is connected to a well with a new pump. Flood insurance is only $650 per year for this home. Very convenient location, near shopping, restaurants, Redfern Village, pharmacy and approximately 2.3 miles to East Beach. This is a great opportunity to own a home with a large backyard within biking distance of the beach and village!
Directions: Heading north on Frederica Road past the roundabout, turn Right into Oglethorpe Park and right again onto Maxwell. Home will be a few houses down on the right with the Sea Palms Coastal Realty sign out front.
Hello, I have a question about 77 Maxwell Ave St. Simons Island GA 31522.


text:
Catastrophic Leave
Cal Poly Report — Nov. 8, 2017
Please note: Because the campus will be closed Friday in observance of Veterans Day, the deadline for the Nov. 15 issue of Cal Poly Report is 12:30 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 9.
Read the Fall Issue of Cal Poly Magazine
Experience a life-or-death adventure on Mt. Everest with alumnus John Stenderup. Celebrate WOW's 60th anniversary with a photo essay of this year's event. Learn what Cal Poly faculty researchers are doing to help feed the world's growing population. All these stories and more are in the new issue of Cal Poly Magazine, now on newsstands around campus and online at magazine.calpoly.edu.
Campus Health and Wellbeing to Host Health Fee Adjustment Forum on Nov. 9
Campus Health and Wellbeing invites the campus community to participate in a discussion about the proposed student health fee adjustment. The forum is open to the entire campus community. Students will have the opportunity to submit their comments and share their opinions. The forum will be held from 11 a.m. to noon Thursday, Nov. 9, in UU 220. Learn more about health and wellness services at https://chw.calpoly.edu/healthfee. Unable to attend the forum? View the Cal Poly Health Fee Advisory Presentation online here.
Vet Net Ally Training to be Held for Faculty and Staff on Nov. 9
Faculty and staff are invited to participate in a workshop on Thursday, Nov. 9, during Veterans Awareness Week. The Vet Net Ally Training will be held at 10 a.m. at the Smith Alumni and Conference Center (No. 28). The workshop will focus on understanding the experiences of student veterans. Attendees will receive Vet Net Ally stickers to display in their offices. RSVP to veteranscenter@calpoly.edu.
Campus Dining Seeks Feedback to Build a Better Dining Experience
As part of its "Build a Better Dining Experience" campaign, Campus Dining is inviting members of the campus community to share their thoughts and opinions in exchange for a chance at prizes. The survey is intended to generate feedback that will drive key decisions about the future of the dining program. The effort is aimed at providing on-trend dining options and world-class facilities for the university. Students, faculty and staff who participate in the survey will be entered in a contest to win one of several prizes. The drawing includes one GoPro Hero 6, one Cal Poly Cornhole set, and Amazon Echo Plus. The survey takes about nine minutes to complete and can be accessed online at surveymonkey.com/r/DDG7GGD. It is open now and will run through Sunday, Nov. 17.
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KCPR Ranked First by Great Value Colleges
Student-run radio station 91.3 KCPR took the No. 1 spot on Great Value Colleges' list of 30 Amazing College Radio Stations of 2017-18. The list of rankings was released in September and includes university radio stations such as Georgetown University and UC Berkeley. Cal Poly took the top spot based on its "dedication to the students and culture," according to Great Value Colleges, a website dedicated to helping students make decisions about their college education. "Our programming has moved to appeal to a larger demographic on the Cal Poly campus," said journalism senior and General Manager Brian Robbins. "We've really pushed new music in the last three years, and we've gotten a lot more structure as an organization." Students have opportunities to work in music journalism, production, on-air broadcasting, marketing, graphic design and business administration. The station's FM radio signal reaches from Paso Robles to the Santa Maria Valley, and can be streamed live from any location online at kcpr.org. Read more here.
University Honors Program Makes Blankets for County Women's Shelter
During the past several weeks, Honors Program students have been visiting the Honors office and making tie blankets. Honors student assistants coordinated the blanket-making drive as a volunteer opportunity within the first-year course and experience. The program recently donated the blankets to the Women's Shelter Program of San Luis Obispo County, which works to provide counseling, support and transitional housing for women and children who are victims of domestic abuse. Dozens of Honors students worked together to tie over 20 fleece blankets, providing valuable service for an important local community organization. Learn more about the Women's Shelter at http://www.womensshelterslo.org.
Nominations Sought for 2017-18 Outstanding Student Employee Award
Faculty and staff members can show their appreciation for student employees by nominating them for the university's 2017-18 Outstanding Student Employee of the Year (OSEY) award. Nominees must have completed at least six months part-time student employment during the academic year, June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018. Eligible candidates include state, ASI and Corporation student employees. Nominees can be Federal Work-Study and non-Federal Work-Study students. The 2017-18 OSEY will be announced in April. The winner is entered into the state competition and may go on to the regional and national competitions. The national winner is announced during the National Student Employment Week, held the second week of April. To print the 2017-18 OSEY nomination form, go to https://afd.calpoly.edu/payroll/student and click on the link under "Outstanding Student Employee of the Year." Nomination forms are due to Financial Aid by Friday, Feb. 9. Questions? Contact Barbara Rollins at ext. 6-6584 or brollins@calpoly.edu.
Learn How to Reduce Textbook Costs at Nov. 13 Session
Textbooks represent a significant expense for students, but the good news is there are ways that faculty can help make their education more affordable. If you would like to learn how to reduce textbook costs for students, join this session. The "Affordable Learning Solutions: Introduction to Open and Affordable Resources" session will be held from 10 a.m. to noon Monday, Nov. 13, in the Center for Teaching, Learning and Technology's Teaching and Learning Commons in Kennedy Library (No. 35, Room 209). Faculty members will increase their awareness of the breadth of affordable and open resources and explore how to incorporate them into their courses. The session is the first stage in a program designed to support faculty and lower-cost educational materials (stipends available). For more information and to register, visit https://ctlt.calpoly.edu/affordable-learning-solutions-al-program.
Many Employees Are Eligible for CSU Educational Fee Waiver Program
The fee waiver program provides eligible faculty, staff and management employees the opportunity to attend classes at CSU campuses at greatly reduced rates. This benefit may also be transferred to eligible dependents. For information regarding eligibility, guidelines, procedures, fees and deadlines, visit the Educational Fee Waiver Program website. For more information, contact Terizza Miller at feewaiverslo@calpoly.edu.
Accessible Document Design Workshops to be Offered Weekly
Cal Poly is committed to creating a culture of access for an inclusive learning environment. This means ensuring that all campus electronic and information technology resources, including course materials, are fully accessible to students with disabilities. The Center for Teaching, Learning and Technology is dedicated to helping faculty create accessible course materials. Join the CTLT for one of its Accessible Document Design Workshops to create an accessible Word document with hands-on guidance. Workshops are offered weekly through Dec. 1 in Kennedy Library (No. 35), Room 209. Bring your own laptop for this 90-minute workshop. The facilitator, Instructional Designer/Accessibility Specialist Pam Dougherty, can be reached at padouge@calpoly.edu. View the workshop dates and register at https://ctlt.calpoly.edu/accessible-document-design.
Join Cal Poly Volleyball for Faculty/Staff Appreciation Night on Nov. 10
As a sign of appreciation for everything faculty and staff members do for the university, Cal Poly Athletics is pleased to offer four free general admission tickets to the Cal Poly Volleyball match on Friday, Nov. 10, as part of Faculty/Staff Appreciation Night. The nationally ranked team will take on UC Davis at 7 p.m. in Mott Athletics Center. All faculty and staff can claim their four free tickets to the match by showing their Cal Poly ID at the Cal Poly Ticket Office or at the Mott Athletics Center Box Office on the night of the match. For more information or to purchase tickets to other volleyball matches, visit www.gopoly.com.
Drop-In Training Sessions to be Held on Curriculum Management System
Are you a faculty member new to the online Curriculum Management system used for submitting 2019-21 catalog proposals, or would you like a refresher? Drop-in/open lab traning sessions will be held on the following dates (no RSVP required):
— 11:10 a.m. to noon Wednesday, Nov. 15, in Kennedy Library (No. 35), Room 217D.
— 11:10 a.m. to noon Tuesday, Nov. 28, in Kennedy Library (No. 35), Room 217D.
Schedule a one-on-one or group training session by sending an email to catalog@calpoly.edu.
International Center Seeking Employees to Host Students for Thanksgiving
The International Center is seeking staff and faculty members to host international students on Thanksgiving Day (Nov. 23). A small number of international students remain in the area during Thanksgiving, and the International Center wants to give those students the opportunity to experience a traditional Thanksgiving celebration. Consider opening your home to an international student on Thanksgiving Day and engage in a unique cross-cultural experience! Interested in being a host? Fill out an interest form by Nov. 16. Questions? Email intlservices@calpoly.edu.
Holiday Photo Sessions Available to Faculty and Staff
The Brock Center for Agricultural Communication is offering family and holiday photo sessions to Cal Poly staff and faculty from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Friday, Nov. 10. The cost is $50 for a 30-minute session on campus. The package includes 10 high-quality digital images. Multiple areas throughout campus and numerous props will be available. To make an appointment, call the Brock Center at ext. 6-6138 or email brockctr@calpoly.edu.
Extended Education to Offer Winter Drawing and Painting Classes
Extended Education will offer two drawing classes during winter quarter. They include:
Drawing with Mixed Media: 9 a.m. to noon on Saturdays starting Jan. 6 through Feb. 10, 2018. Create painterly drawings of still life subjects or interiors. Use charcoal, gouache and tinted paper to create a masterpiece. Choose a range of color accents and textured paper to enhance any work. The enrollment deadline is Dec. 15.
Drawing and Sketching Pets, Animals and Birds: 9 a.m. to noon on Saturdays from Feb. 17 through March 24, 2018. Learn to portray animals and birds in their environment. Use pencils, pens and watercolors to capture any subject. Discover how to simply depict fur, feathers, backgrounds and other details. The enrollment deadline is Dec. 31. Learn more here or call ext. 6-2053.
Members Needed for Committee to Review Research Involving Human Subjects
Due to the number and variety of research projects involving human subjects at Cal Poly, the Institutional Review Board (IRB) is seeking new members. Consistent with federal regulations and the Cal Poly Policy on the Use of Human Subjects in Research, the membership of the committee includes representatives of various races, cultural backgrounds and genders from a range of campus departments involved in human subjects research. The IRB will consider any interested staff or faculty member, but currently has identified a need for candidates who represent social science and business. Also, effective Oct. 18, the IRB will be using an online system, IRBManager, to receive and review all documentation related to human subjects research. Information and instructions on how to use the system are in the section on "The Review Process" in the Procedures and Guidelines for Human Subjects Research. If you are interested in membership or need assistance with the online system, contact Debbie Hart at dahart@calpoly.edu or at ext. 6-1508.
'Grants 2.0' Workshop to be Held Nov. 16
Are you interested in obtaining funding for research, but aren't quite sure how to get started? Have you submitted a proposal and had it rejected? If so, plan to attend the Grants 2.0 Workshop, presented by the Office of Research and Economic Development, in collaboration with colleagues from Hanover Research, from 8:10 to 10 a.m. Thursday, Nov. 16, in the Performing Arts Center Pavilion. Topics will include an overview of Cal Poly's grant administration, types of funders and funding, RFP analysis, concept development, building relationships with program officers, proposal writing, and detailed tips on developing the "DNA" of a proposal. To reserve a spot or for more information, contact Allie Walter at abwalter@calpoly.edu or ext. 6-5153. Additional information on the workshop can be found on the Research and Economic Development website. Learn more here about Hanover Research.
International Education Week to be Held Nov. 13-16
Numerous events will be held from Nov. 13-16 for International Education Week, an opportunity to celebrate the benefits of international education and exchange worldwide. Campus Dining will have international-themed meals all week to help celebrate. Unless noted, events are open to all. The events include:
Monday Nov. 13
— Semester at Sea: Learn about faculty opportunities from 2 to 3 p.m. in the Science Building (No. 52), Room E46. A campus advisors information session will be held in the same location from 3 to 4 p.m.
— A panel in collaboration with the Cross Cultural Centers on exploring the complexities of identity will be held from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. in the University Union, Room 207.
— International coffee and tea time, a chance to interact with international students, will be held from 11 a.m. to noon in the Multicultural Center, Room 217B in the University Union. Event will also include a guest speaker from Career Services.
— A keynote presentation, "Global Gypsy: Romani Music and Human Rights" by Dr. Carol Silverman will be held from 5:30 to 7 p.m. in Spanos Theatre.
— A Faculty International Opportunities Resource Fair will include information on Faculty Fulbright awards, overseas teaching opportunities and internationally related grants. The event will be held on a drop-in basis from 2 to 3:30 p.m. in the Science Building (No. 52), Room E28.
For more information, go to http://international.calpoly.edu/iew-2017/index.html.
Basak Williford, student services professional II — Office of the Registrar, has qualified for catastrophic leave. Those wishing to donate leave credits to help her remain in full-pay status during an extended leave of absence should contact catastrophic leave coordinator Helen Bailey at ext. 6-6313 or hbailey@calpoly.edu to request a donation form.
New Mindfulness Meditation Group
A new mindfulness meditation group will meet from 12:10 to 1 p.m. every Monday in the Erhart Agriculture Building (No. 10), Room 201. Mindfulness meditation is a non-religious exercise of paying attention to your present-moment experience. Many people find it calming and relaxing. No experience is necessary. Faculty, staff and students are welcome. For more information, contact political science Professor Matthew J. Moore at mmoore02@calpoly.edu or ext. 6-2895.
Presentation to be Held Nov. 27 on New Technology to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
The Office of Research and Economic Development is sponsoring a presentation, "How to Save the World, or Carbon Capture by Temperature Swing Adsorption," by John Dunning, a Cal Poly Research Scholar in Residence. He will discuss a developing technology that can capture carbon dioxide and contain the gas so that it cannot contribute to global warming. The presentation will be held at 4:10 p.m. Monday, Nov. 27, in Kennedy Library (No. 35), Room 209. All faculty, staff, students and community members are welcome. Refreshments will be served. For more information, contact Allie Walter in the Office of Research and Economic Development at abwalter@calpoly.edu or ext. 6-5153, or visit the Research Scholars in Residence website.
Research Compliance Information Available for Faculty, Staff and Students
In response to federal requirements, the university has established policies and procedures for protecting people and animals involved in research projects, for addressing instances of scientific fraud, and for regulating the export of materials and information that are considered relevant to national security. All faculty, staff and students should be aware of these policies and follow designated procedures when conducting research. Information on all policies governing research at Cal Poly can be found on the Grants Development website.
Submission Guidelines for Cal Poly Report
Cal Poly Report (CPR) is Cal Poly's official employee newsletter, designed to communicate information about officially sanctioned university news or events to faculty, staff and administrators. Submissions may run a maximum of three times and should be limited to 150 words. To help ensure CPR continues to contain only relevant and approved information, submissions are required to come from or be approved by the employee designated to approve submissions in the respective colleges, units and work areas. A list of designated approvers is available on the Cal Poly Report index website. Entries submitted by those other than the designated approver must be accompanied by an approval form signed by the unit's approver. The approval form is available online in fillable pdf format or a downloadable Microsoft Word format. CPR is published weekly during the school year, except during academic breaks, and monthly in the summer. The deadline for each issue is 12:30 p.m. the Friday prior to publication.
Theatre and Dance Department to Present '4000 Miles' Nov. 9-11
The Theatre and Dance Department has opened its season with Amy Herzog's "4000 Miles," which continues at 8 p.m. Thursday through Saturday, Nov. 9-11, in Spanos Theatre. "4000 Miles" was a 2013 Pulitzer Prize finalist and the winner of the 2012 Obie Award for Best New Play. Herzog also won the 2012 New York Times Outstanding Playwright Award. This honest and warmhearted play is a rich study in two characters. While biking across America, 21-year-old Leo spends a month with his feisty 91-year-old grandmother, Vera, in New York City. Together, the pair navigates a maze of heartbreak, humor and healing. Tickets are available through the Performing Arts Ticket Office. For more information, contact the Theatre and Dance Department at ext. 6-1465 or thtrdanc@calpoly.edu.
Cal Poly Bands Begin Season of 'Earth and Sky' at Bandfest Concert Nov. 12
Nearly 300 students will perform at the annual Bandfest at 3 p.m. Sunday, Nov. 12, in the Performing Arts Center. The Wind Orchestra and Wind Ensemble will present bold and powerful works for the modern symphonic band, including a celebration of Leonard Bernstein's centenary. The afternoon will also include the Mustang Marching Band performing high-energy selections from this year's athletic band catalogue. The Wind Orchestra begins the concert with performances of Bernstein's Overture to "Candide" and David Maslanka's "Give Us This Day." The Wind Ensemble will continue with performances of Percy Grainger's "Lincolnshire Posy," Roger Cichy's "Bugs" and Bernstein's "Profanation" from his Symphony No. 1. The Mustang Band will conclude the concert with arrangements the group is performing at this fall's football games in Spanos Stadium. Along with traditional favorites, the band will perform music from "Les Miserables" and hip-hop artist Macklemore. The band will be introduced by Mike Moreno, the "voice" for Cal Poly football. The bands are directed by Interim Director of Bands Christopher J. Woodruff. Tickets for the concert are sold at the Cal Poly Ticket Office, ext. 6-4849. For more information, visit the Music Department calendar website or call ext. 6-2406.
International Education Week Keynote Talk to be Held Nov. 15
As part of International Education Week, a keynote presentation will be made by Carol Silverman, a cultural anthropologist and folklorist who has been involved with Balkan music and culture for more than 30 years as a researcher, teacher, activist and performer. She also explores the phenomenon of "Gypsy" music in relation to issues of appropriation, representation and the negotiation of identities in the world music market. Silverman will speak from 5:30 to 7 p.m. Wednesday, Nov. 15, in Spanos Theatre. The talk is a collaboration with the College of Liberal Arts and the Social Sciences Department. The event is free; seating is on a first-come basis. A parking permit is required; event parking is $10 per vehicle. Learn more at www.international.calpoly.edu/iew-2017/keynote.html. The full schedule of International Education Week events is available here.
To find out what's going on at Cal Poly, visit the Events Calendar. The site includes community events that are open to the public and Campus Life events open to students, faculty and staff. The calendar also includes events at the Performing Arts Center. A link from the calendar allows staff, faculty and students to check facility availability before requesting and reserving on-campus locations for activities and events. For more information about publishing an event on the calendar, contact events@calpoly.edu, or visit the university scheduling page.
For an overview of up-to-date sports information, photos and videos, visit gopoly.com. Students always get in free. Faculty and staff discounts are available.
Upcoming Events @ Home
Women's Volleyball vs. UC Davis, Mott Athletics Center, 7 p.m.
Saturday, Nov. 11
Women's Volleyball vs. UC Irvine, Mott Athletics Center, 2 p.m.
Football vs. Sacramento State, Spanos Stadium, 6:05 p.m.
Wednesday, Nov. 15
Men's Basketball vs. Holy Names, Mott Athletics Center, 7 p.m.
Women's Basketball vs. Grand Canyon, Mott Athletics Center, 11 a.m.
Women's Basketball vs. Robert Morris, Mott Athletics Center, 2 p.m.
Sunday, Nov. 26
Women's Basketball vs. San Francisco, Mott Athletics Center, noon.
The complete listing of staff and management vacancies is posted on the Cal Poly Jobs website. To apply, go online and complete the application form. For assistance, call Human Resources at ext. 6-2236.
#104672 — Communication Specialist (Public Affairs / Communication Specialist II), Orfalea College of Business — Dean's Office. $3,515-$5,818 per month. Anticipated hiring range: $3,515-$4,833 per month. Open until filled.
#104663 — Per-Diem Phlebotomist/Clinical Laboratory Assistant, Campus Health and Wellbeing — Health Services. Up to two hourly per diem positions, temporary through June 30, 2019, with possible extension (non-benefited). Anticipated hiring range: $20-$23 per hour. Hours will vary. Applicant must be able to work Monday through Friday between the hours of 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. as needed. Open until filled.
#104674 — Registered Nurse, Student Affairs — Health Services. Anticipated hiring range: $3,403-$4,618 per month. This position is paid under the 10/12 pay plan, where salary for 10 months is distributed over 12 months with July and August off (with pay, benefits and vacation/sick leave accrual continuing through months off). Open until filled.
#104656 — Software Developer/Stack Developer (Analyst/Programmer – Career), Information Technology Services — Application Development and Information Management. Up to two positions available. $4,372-$9,877 per month. Anticipated hiring range: $5,417-$7,500 per month. Open until filled.
#104677 — Educational Opportunity Counselor (Student Services Professional III), Student Affairs — Student Academic Services. $4,288-$6,109 per month. Anticipated hiring range: $4,288-$4,414 per month. Open until filled. Review begins Nov. 11.
#104676 — Administrative Support Coordinator I, College of Science and Mathematics — Center for Engineering, Science and Mathematics Education — Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority and Underrepresented Student Participation Program. Temporary, parttime. $1,424-$2,355.50 per month. Open until filled. Review begins Nov. 27.
#104667 — Associate Director of Financial Aid and Scholarships (Administrator I), Financial Aid and Scholarships. Salary commensurate with background and experience. Open until filled. Review begins Dec. 8.
#104680 — Vice President of University Development (Administrator IV), Office of the President — University Development. Salary commensurate with background and experience. Open until filled.
Faculty Employment Opportunities
Candidates are asked to visit the Cal Poly Jobs website to complete an application for any of the positions shown below. The complete listing of faculty position openings is posted on the website. For assistance, call Academic Personnel at ext. 6-2844.
There are no listings at this time.
Executive and Academic Management Employment Opportunities
Candidates are asked to visit the online employment web site to view detailed information about the following vacancies and to complete the management application to apply for the positions shown below. Salary is commensurate with qualifications and experience. Submit all requested application materials as attachments to your online application. For assistance, call Academic Personnel at ext. 6-6574.
#104620 — Associate Vice Provost for Academic Programs (Administrator III — internal recruitment open to full-time Cal Poly employees with tenured full professor rank and status in an academic department), Academic Programs and Planning. Open until filled. Review begin date extended to Nov. 17.
#104653 — Dean, College of Engineering (Administrator IV). Open until filled.
#104662 — Dean, College of Liberal Arts (Administrator IV). Open until filled.
Corporation Employment Opportunities
Cal Poly Corporation is a separate entity operating in concert with the university to provide a diverse range of services and resources to students, faculty and staff. To view job postings or apply, visit the Corporation website. For assistance, contact Human Resources at ext. 6-1121.
ASI Employment Opportunities
Candidates are asked to visit the ASI website to complete an ASI application and apply for open positions. For more information, visit the ASI Business Office in UU 212 or call ext. 6-5800.