text:
Coming to America A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life
United States immigration has been witnessed from Latin America, Canada and also East Asia and due to Americans mindset that time. the immigrants were viewed as sojourners. Asians migrated to America many years ago because of galleon trade. American merchants traded with China through Canton port in the 19th Century. The Chinese immigrants comprised of 10% population of California and 25% that of Idaho due to attraction from railway construction, mining and fishing industries. Japanese concentrated in farming in California, and their immigration to the United States evolved in the 1880s. They lived in ethnic Clusters. Diplomacy of immigration was really concerned with the consequences of keeping some people out and therefore, the diplomatic establishment was made in 1924 partially to facilitate immigration.
Italian: Before 1850, the Italians immigrants from the Mediterranean were widely disbursed but in a small population. Most of them were from Central and Northern Italy largely concentrating in New Orleans. After 1880, most of the Italians from Wales currently referred to as the Mezzogiorno of northwest Europe entered the US through New York concentrating in New England, Chicago, and Mid-Atlantic states. Greeks: Greeks who had strong ties with Greece brought their Orthodox Churches to America in the 1890s although more than half returned to Greece. They created ethnic niches in the restaurant business. Arabs and Armenians: The Armenian population was larger around Turkish Genocide time in 1915 and only 2 mosques were built before 1930 by the small Muslim population. Most of these immigrants were Syrians and Lebanese.
The Poles: more than 26 ethnic groups settled in cities of N.E and Great lakes e.g. Detroit, Cleveland, and Chicago. These were especially Europeans peasants. Most of the immigrants were laborers Roman Catholics, but there were no Poland in the year 1795 to 1919.
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text:
Shay Mitchell Is Obsessed With a $490 Facial Moisturizer — Here's Why
Kendall Jenner Says Stopping Birth Control Gave Her Acne
Selma Blair Just Let Her 7-Year-Old Son Cut All Her Hair Off
Beyoncé's Mom Still Trims the Singer's Hair, and the Beyhive Is Loving It
Hair Ideas: Yvonne Strahovski Gets a Chris McMillan Cut
Kate Sullivan
Yvonne Strahovski delivers some painful blows as tough CIA hottie Sarah Walker on Chuck. But it was at an Allure shoot where hairstylist Chris McMillan gave her a sexy, shoulder-skimming bob that she showed her ability to roll with the punches as McMillan lopped off her hair. We asked Strahovski what she thought of the look—and for more, check out "The New Rachel" in the January issue and our behind the scenes video of the shoot.
What did the cast and crew of Chuck think of your cut? "Everyone loved it. I'm still getting compliments on it. And I really didn't expect it—the shorter it became, the more I fell in love with it. It's so much easier to handle now. I wake up and it's in place. I wish I'd cut it sooner."
What was your first thought when Allure approached you to cut your hair off for this story? "I was hesitant at first, but of course, when you're in the hands of somebody like Chris McMillan, who does amazing work and has such a good reputation, it became the perfect excuse to have a cut I wouldn't have done otherwise."
On the set, you found out that McMillan wanted to lighten you hair. How did you react?"I got a little bit scared, but he kept it blonde; if it were green it would have been a different story. It brightened my face."
Your face looks pretty bright as it is. Any tricks?"I use a cleanser, a scrub, and serums from MyChelle. I also use a Neutrogena face wash, which is great after working long hours with loads of makeup."
Have you learned any beauty skills from being in the makeup chair at work? "I've learned so much—even just putting on eyeshadow. That you use three different shades. I also learned to smile to make my cheeks stick out when I'm applying blush in an upward motion along my cheeks. I was a bit of a joke when it came to doing my hair and makeup at first. I was a bit of a tomboy. I'd never really walked in high heels until I got this job."
Behind The Scenes: Chris McMillan Recreates "The Rachel"
Daily Beauty Reporter: Jennifer Aniston's Hairstylist Chris McMillan On the Do's of Her 'Do
The 6 Best Celebrity Lobs Right Now
7 Beauty Lessons We Learned From Jennifer Aniston
Smashbox Launched a New Oil & Shine Control Version of Its Fan-Favorite Photo Finish Primer
Marci Robin
Here's What I Learned From Katie Jane Hughes's Makeup Masterclass
Alexis Rhiannon
Molly Burke Wants to Talk About the Positives of Blindness

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to bring back user agent stylesheet for specific elements only? I use Compass in my web development. It has a reset component:

@import "compass/reset";

This component resets user agent stylesheet and any header tag
Hello, World
 renders text just like a plain . Here is how Compass resets:
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
b, u, i, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, embed,
figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup,
menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 100%;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

However, I would like to enable user agent stylesheets for headers h(1-5) only. Does current web/browser standards/functions has such an option?

A: That's actually the whole purpose of the CSS reset; it flattens out elements so all styles applied after the reset will look similar across browsers and reduce the amount of CSS you need to write to give the same appearance.
Probably a CSS reset is not what you're after and you'll probably need a CSS normalize.
Hopefully someone developed a Compass plugin for normalize.css, which you can find here with detailed installation instructions.
After the gem installation and requiring the library on your config.rb file you can import individual parts of the normalize.css
So if you want to normalize everything apart from
 -
 tags you can import everything keeping out @import 'normalize/typography'; from your SASS/SCSS file.
@import 'normalize/html5';
@import 'normalize/base';
@import 'normalize/links';
@import 'normalize/embeds';
@import 'normalize/groups';
@import 'normalize/forms';
@import 'normalize/tables';

That would be the most reusable and cleaner way to do it. However, if you strictly need a reset.css, avoiding all other browser defaults all I can suggest to you is to create your own reset.css in a separate file, taking out the tags you don't want to be resetted and then importing it on your main SASS/SCSS file.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Select box laravel undefined variable My select box isn´t working. Trying to display on the select option the names of the table (departments) in a view. The error I get it is :
Undefined variable: department (View: C:\xampp\htdocs\project\resources\views\users\form.blade.php)
This is my controller
    public function edit($userID)
    {
        $usuario = User::query()->findOrFail($userID);
        $roles = Role::pluck('display_name','id');
        $departments = Department::all();

        return view('users.edit',compact('usuario','roles','departments'));
    }

and my view
      <select name="department_id" id="department_id" class="form-select">
          {{--@foreach($departments as $department)--}}
                <option value="{{$department->id}}">{{$department->name}}</option>
          {{--@endforeach--}}
      </select>

A: <select name="department_id" id="department_id" class="form-select">
   @foreach ($departments as $department)
       <option value="{{$department->id}}">{{$department->name}}
   @endforeach
</option>

Looping on the blade is look like this

A: In Laravel Blade the syntax {{-- means that the following is commented out. In your case you commented out the iteration of your departments collection. And that the reason why $department is undefined.
Instead of {{--@foreach($departments as $department)--}} you have to use @foreach($departments as $department) ... @endforeach

A: I solve it changing the controller and without the comments
   public function edit($userID)
    {
        $usuario = User::query()->findOrFail($userID);
        $roles = Role::pluck('display_name','id');
        $departments = Department::all(['id','name']);
        //dd($departments);
        return view('users.edit',compact('usuario','roles','departments'));
    }

<select name="department_id" id="department_id" class="form-select">
        @foreach ($departments as $department)
            <option value="{{$department->id}}">{{$department->name}}</option>
        @endforeach


text:
Q: Play JSON Read Error When Reading a Sequence I have the following case class:
case class VirtualAssetConfigParam(
  id: Long,
  pMin: Double,
  pMax: Double,
  dispatchPriority: Int
)

object VirtualAssetConfigParam {

  implicit val virtualAssetConfigParamReads: Reads[VirtualAssetConfigParam] = (
    (JsPath \ "id").read[Long] and
      (JsPath \ "power_min").read[Double] and
      (JsPath \ "power_max").read[Double] and
      (JsPath \ "dispatch_priority").read[Int]
    )(VirtualAssetConfigParam.apply _)
}

This is the JSON that I get from the database:
[{"id":"1","power_min":"200","power_max":"400","dispatch_priority":"1"},{"id":"2","power_min":"200","power_max":"400","dispatch_priority":"2"},{"id":"3","power_min":"-700","power_max":"0","dispatch_priority":"3"}]

When I tried to validate it as (where virtualAssetConfigParam is a String that I get from the database):
Json.parse(virtualAssetConfigParam).validate[List[VirtualAssetConfigParam]]

I get the following as the validated result:
JsError(
    List(
        ((0)/dispatchPriority,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((0)/pMin,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((0)/pMax,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((0)/id,List(ValidationError(List(error.expected.jsnumber),WrappedArray()))),
        ((1)/dispatchPriority,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((1)/pMin,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((1)/pMax,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((1)/id,List(ValidationError(List(error.expected.jsnumber),WrappedArray()))),
        ((2)/dispatchPriority,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((2)/pMin,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((2)/pMax,List(ValidationError(List(error.path.missing),WrappedArray()))),
        ((2)/id,List(ValidationError(List(error.expected.jsnumber),WrappedArray())))
    )
)

What is the problem? I could not see why this should fail!

A: If you look at your error you will notice that it is trying to find paths - dispatchPriority, pMin, pMax and id which is different from the paths that you wanted in your read. This indicates that the read implementation that you have shown in code is not being used here.
this leads me to think that probably you are not importing your implicit read into the scope of your code.
case class VirtualAssetConfigParam(
  id: Long,
  pMin: Double,
  pMax: Double,
  dispatchPriority: Int
)

object VirtualAssetConfigParam {

  implicit val virtualAssetConfigParamReads: Reads[VirtualAssetConfigParam] = (
    (JsPath \ "id").read[Long] and
    (JsPath \ "power_min").read[Double] and
    (JsPath \ "power_max").read[Double] and
    (JsPath \ "dispatch_priority").read[Int]
  )(VirtualAssetConfigParam.apply _)

}

object Demo extends App {

  // I think you are missing this import
  import VirtualAssetConfigParam.virtualAssetConfigParamReads

  val virtualAssetConfigParam = [{"id":"1","power_min":"200","power_max":"400","dispatch_priority":"1"},{"id":"2","power_min":"200","power_max":"400","dispatch_priority":"2"},{"id":"3","power_min":"-700","power_max":"0","dispatch_priority":"3"}]

 // It should work if you have that import
 val jsonValidate = Json.parse(virtualAssetConfigParam).validate[List[VirtualAssetConfigParam]]

}

A: The data types in the JSON does not match the expected data types in the case class. So the case class should be as:
  implicit val virtualAssetConfigParamReads: Reads[VirtualAssetConfigParam] = new Reads[VirtualAssetConfigParam] {
    override def reads(json: JsValue): JsResult[VirtualAssetConfigParam] = {
      JsSuccess(VirtualAssetConfigParam(
        (json \ "id").as[String].toLong,
        (json \ "power_min").as[String].toDouble,
        (json \ "power_max").as[String].toDouble,
        (json \ "dispatch_priority").as[String].toInt
      ))
    }
  }

When I now call the parse function on the JSON, I do it like this:
Try((Json.parse(json)).validate[Seq[VirtualAssetConfigParam]])

and then fold on the Success of the Try!


UPDATED: Wed., July 4, 2018, 5:34 p.m.
The Spokane Indians (6-13) take on the Tri-City Dust Devils (9-10) in the first of a three-game Northwest League series at Avista Stadium at 6:30 p.m.
The Indians send LHP Jake Latz (0-1, 5.40) against RHP Adrian Martinez (0-0, 6.23).
Latz was roughed up last time on on June 28 against Everett, allowing six earned runs on seven hits and two walks with a home run and three strikeouts over 5.1 innings.
Martinez started the season with Low-A Fort Wayne and pitched to a 9.87 ERA in eight games including one start. Only once at that level this season dud he give up fewer earned runs than innings pitched.
Last time out against Vancouver on June 28 he gave up one run on four hits and one walk with four strikeouts over five innings.
Spokane has won 7 of 8 on 4th of July and 10 of their last 12 on Independence Day.
Player to watch: 1B/DH Curtis Terry leads the NWL in home runs (8), RBIs (21) and slugging percentage (7.67). Terry is hitting .342 at home.
Tri-City top prospects: C Blake Hunt (2nd round/2017), INF Owen Miller (3rd/2018), OF Grant Little (2nd/2018), OF Mason House (3rd/2017), RHP Sam Keating (4th/2017), RHP Dylan Coleman (4th/2018).
Last night: Tre Holmes homered and the Hops (13-6) topped the visiting Indians (6-13).
Transactions: RHP Kyle Keith (22nd round/2017) and RHP Bobby Eveld (50th round/2010) were added to the roster, while RHP Blake Bass was promoted to High-A Down East.
Promotion: The Indians celebrate our nation's Independence with special edition hats that will be auctioned off to benefit the Fairchild Morale Fund. Stick around for a spectacular 4th of July Fireworks show immediately following the game.
Weather: Game time – Partly sunny, 80. Final out – Cloudy, 72.
Published: July 4, 2018, 4:13 p.m. Updated: July 4, 2018, 5:34 p.m.


To an end-user, checking a consent box and accepting a contract may feel very similar, but legally these are two distinct concepts. Each one is a separate legal basis with unique applicabilities and limitations. Any data elements that Tucows or the registry/service provider requires in order to provide a TLD or other product will be processed on a contract basis, meaning they'll be included in our contractual agreement with the registrant. We do not need to send a consent request to process these data.
Any additional pieces of data, those that are not contractually required but are helpful to have, or have been requested by the registry but not included in their contractual requirements, can only be processed with consent from the registrant. We are also obligated to provide registrants an easy and accessible method to revoke this consent. Our Data use consent settings page accomplishes both of these tasks: collecting registrant consent, and providing them a means to revoke it. Asynchronous services are a special case in this regard because although Tucows doesn't require these additional, consent-based data, the registry or service provider does, despite the fact that they have not provided a contractual legal basis for processing them.


Kalhana's Rajatarangini is the oldest and fullest record of Kashmir history. Sir Stein, recognising the inestimable value of the only work of its kind, succeeded in publishing the critical edition of the text as in 1892 which has been printed here as Vol. III. Later he followed this illustrious venture by presenting a fully annotated translation of the Chronicle, in two volumes, printed as Vol. I and Vol. II, the former containing the translation of the first seven tarangas from the original Sanskrit and the later that of the remaining eighth taranga.
The translation is preceded by a comprehensive and scholarly Introduction in which Stein has endeavoured to elucidate in the first place the data which can be gathered as regards the person of Kalhana, his family and the milieu in which he lived. In the second chapter (of the Introduction) the author has ex-amined as closely as our available materials would permit, the objects and methods which guided Kalhana in the composition of his work, the sources he used for it and the form which he gave to his narrative. The condition in which the text of the Chronicle has been handed down to us and the materials the author has used for its reconstitution, are discussed in the third chapter, while the text chapter contains an exposition of Kalhaha's system of chronology. In the concluding and longest chapter of the Introduction it has been the author's object to present a critical summary of Kalhana's narrative and of the historical data contained in it. The Chronological and Genealogical Tables attached to the Introduction are intended to present in condensed form the information fur-nished by the Rajatarangini regarding the date and descent of successive rulers of Kashmir. The Memoir which follows (Vol. II) the Translation and Notes, pre-sents a connected and detailed account of the ancient geography of Kashmir.


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text:
Geography Quiz: Drainage System in India | 29 June, 2021
Posted on June 29th, 2021 Last modified on June 29th, 2021 CommentsViews : 2.7k
Quiz: Daily Quiz: 29 June 2021
Geography 0%
Category: Geography
Arrange the following rivers from west to east:
Betwa
Sabarmati
The correct order from east to west is son, ken, betwa and Sabarmati.
River son is a tributary of Ganga, while ken and betwa are tributaries of Yamuna.
River Sabarmati is a west flowing river in state of Gujarat.
Source: NCERT – XI Indian Physical Environment
Dam : River
Krishna Raja Sagara : Ganga
Hirakud : Mahanadi
Nagarjuna sagar : Krishna
Source: ICSE – Total Geography and NCERT – XI Indian Physical Environment
Consider the following statements regarding "Peninsular Drainage System":
It is characterized by the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys, and the maturity of the rivers.
Narmada and Tapti rivers flow from east to west.
The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. This is evident from the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys, and the maturity of the rivers.
The Western Ghats running close to the western coast act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and as small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.
Most of the major Peninsular Rivers except Narmada and Tapi flow from west to east. The Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son, originating in the northern part of the Peninsula belong to the Ganga River system.
The other major river systems of the peninsular drainage are – the Mahanadi the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri.
Peninsular rivers are characterized by fixed course, absence of meanders and non-perennial flow of water. The Narmada and the Tapi which flow through the rift valley are, however, exceptions.
Consider the following statements regarding "River Godavari":
It originates from Trimbakeshwar, Nasik District in Western Ghats.
The biggest city on the river banks of the Godavari is Vijayawada.
Kaleshwaram project was built on Godavari River in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
The River Godavari is an important stream in central India, rising in the Western Ghats Mountain Range.
The name of the origin is Trimbakeshwar and it is situated in the Nashik District or Subdivision in the state of Maharashtra and runs towards the east over the Deccan terrain through the Maharashtra state. The river is also named as Southern Ganges or Dakshin Ganga.
The river moves into Andhra Pradesh at Kandhakurthi in Nizamabad district of Andhra Pradesh, moves past the Deccan terrain and subsequently bends to run according to a southeasterly course till it pours into the Bay of Bengal via two mouths.
An important place of attraction on the riverbanks is Basara in Adilabad District.
It houses a popular place of worship for Goddess Saraswati. It is also the second oldest temple for the deity in India.
The biggest city on the riverbanks of the Godavari is Rajahmundry.
In this place, the river has the maximum breadth (about 5 km from Rajahmundry to the other bank at Kovvur.
The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project or KLIP is a multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in Kaleshwaram, Bhoopalpally, Telangana, India.
Source: NCERT – XI Indian Physical Environment and The Hindu
Consider the following statements regarding "Cauvery River Basin":
The basin lies in the States Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.
Cauvery basin consists of about 3% of the cultivable area of the country.
Cauvery basin extends over an area of 87,900 sq. km. which is nearly 2.7% of the total geographical area of the country.
It is bounded by the Western Ghats on the west, by the Eastern Ghats on the east and south and by the ridges separating it from Krishna basin and Pennar basin on the north.
The basin lies in the States Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. Physiographically, the basin can be divided into three parts—the Western Ghats, the Plateau of Mysore and the Delta. The delta area is the most fertile tract in the basin.
The principal soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, lateritic, alluvial soils, forest soils and mixed soils. Red soils occupy large areas in the basin.
Alluvial soils are found in the delta areas. The cultivable area of the basin is about 5.8 Mha which about 3% of the cultivable area of the country.
Consider the following statements regarding "Mahi River basin":
Mahi River drains into Gulf of Kutch.
The basin lies in the States of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
Mahi River is one of the major wests flowing inter-state rivers of India, draining into the Gulf of Khambhat.
The basin is bounded on the North and the North-West by Aravalli hills, on the East by the ridge separating it from the Chambal Basin, on the South by the Vindhyas and on the West by the Gulf of Khambhat.
The basin has a maximum width of about 250km. Mahi River originates on the Northern slope of Vindhyas near the village of Sardarpur in the Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh at an elevation of 500m above mean sea Ievel.
It has a total length of 583 km and it traverses through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The total drainage area of Mahi is 34,842 sq. km.
The principal tributaries of the Mahi River are Som, Jakham, Moran, Anas, and the Bhadar. Major projects are Jakham Reservoir, Panam Dam, Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project and Kadana Project.
Which of the following is/are tributaries of "Brahmaputra River"?
Teesta River
Sankosh River
Manas River
Subansiri River
1, 2, and 3 only
Primary Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River are:
The Dhansiri River.
The Dibang River.
The Subansiri River.
The Kameng River.
The Manas River.
The Sankosh River.
The Teesta River.
'Charmanvati' is the ancient name of which of following River?
Saraswati River
Sabarmati River
Kaveri River
Chambal River
The Chambal River, called Charmanvati in ancient times, is the largest of the rivers flowing through and Rajasthan State.
This is a major tributary of Yamuna which is 960 km long. Located in Central India, the river comprises a significant portion of the Greater Gangetic Drainage System.
Source: The Hindu
The Pakal Dul Hydro Electric Project is often seen in news is proposed on which of the following river?
Marusudar River
Beas River
Chenab River
Alaknanda River
The Pakal Dul Hydro Electric Project (1,000 MW) is proposed on the Marusudar river, a tributary of the Chenab River, in Kishtwar district in Jammu and Kashmir.
Famous place : River
Patna : Ganga
Jabalpur : Yamuna
Ferozpur : Chambal
Which of the pair/pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Source: Central Water Commission
Published June 29, 2021 By ForumIAS
The power of an apology
Explained: Will food become costlier?


text:
How the Turkey's Travels Influenced its Many Names
The Thanksgiving turkey is a quintessentially American bird, yet in English, this native fowl recalls the name of a faraway land. English-speakers aren't alone: People around the world seem to have dubbed this bird with lots of geographical monikers.
By Chaney Kwak
You say Turkey, I say Peru. Some even call it India. The turkey is a quintessentially American bird, which Benjamin Franklin respected far more than the bald eagle—yet in English, this native fowl recalls the name of a faraway land. English-speakers aren't alone: People around the world seem to have dubbed this bird with lots of geographical monikers.
The geographical etymology of this oversize fowl takes us around the world farther than a long-range A340. English diners invoked the Mediterranean nation possibly because of 16th-century Londoners' propensity to add the supposed origin of an item to its name. In fact, Sir William Strickland, who is said to have introduced the American poultry to England, was conferred a coat of arms that read, ahem, "a Turkey cock in his pride proper."
So do Turks claim the bird as their own? Nope. If you're craving a Thanksgiving meal in Istanbul, you'd better look for hindi. The French word dinde, too, probably comes from d'Inde, or from India; Polish inyczka and Yiddish indik both pay homage to the Asian subcontinent. Northern European countries get even more specific. From Norway to Estonia, the North American bird is referred to in variations on kalkun, derived from the Keralan port of Calicut, also known as Kozhikode. The word traveled back to South Asia, where it became kalukuma in Sri Lanka's Sinhala language.
But don't expect Indians to embrace our name for the wrinkly beast. In Hindi, turkeys are known as peru. European colonialism may have played a part here: peru, after all, is also the word favored by the Portuguese, who used to rule Goa. Colonialism also explains why Malaysians call it ayam belanda, or Dutch chicken, while Cambodians use moan barang, or French chicken. Oddly, France also gets the credit in both Greece (gallopoúla) or Scotland (cearc frangach)? And don't even get me started on speculating why it's dik rumi or Roman chicken in Arabic.
Perhaps we should defer to those who have known the Meleagris gallopavo species the longest. Blackfoot speakers name them ómahksipi'kssíí, or "big birds" (not the yellow one). And in the Miami-Illinois Native American language, it's nalaaohki pileewa, meaning "native fowl."
Call it turkey, French chicken or poultry from India, this big bird continues its reign as a native fowl that brings Americans together. I hope you're enjoying it with your loved ones today—Benjamin Franklin would certainly approve.
This article was originally published November 22, 2012.
Everything you need to know about surviving airports, road trips, and the TSA, plus gift ideas for all the travelers on your list.
Topicstips/holiday-travel


text:
TEXPERS Advises Galveston on Pension Fund Dynamics
TEXPERS' executive director, Max Patterson, urges the city of Galveston to guard itself against the pitfalls of moving to 401(k)-styled defined contribution plans for its public employees, police officers and firefighters. Patterson wrote a July 25 op-ed for The Daily News of Galveston County.
Click here to read Patterson's editorial. If you don't have a subscription to the newspaper's site,
the full article as originally submitted is posted below.
Raise the Foundations of Galveston's Pension Funds
By Max Patterson
"Stay in school. Finish your degree. Don't get distracted." It's hard to argue against these words of wisdom. Tried and true, they offer solid guideposts to success in life.
The cities which contribute to their pension funds for police, firefighters and city workers have similar words of wisdom to guide them: "Fund the full contribution required to maintain a healthy retirement plan. Work with your pension fund board closely. Don't disrupt your pension systems' ability to make long-term investments."
We know principles these work well. Most of the 93 pension systems monitored by a state monitoring agency have used these to thrive since the great financial meltdown of 2008-09. They have, in the aggregate, shortened the time it would take to pay off all current and future retirement obligations to their employees.
Not all cities have recovered in equal fashion. Unforeseen problems can arise. In Dallas, outsized investments in real estate couldn't mature as expected. In Houston, adjustments to unsustainable benefits promised in the stock market heydays before 2001 were made. Those cities worked on solutions to those challenges in the last regular legislative session.
Galveston's pension funds have faced down a double whammy. In 2008, Hurricane Ike struck, requiring the city to lay off police, firefighters and municipal workers while retaining the obligations to their retirements. Pension fund health can suffer when the contributions for younger employees aren't available as assets for longer-term investing. At the same time, pension fund assets across the United States were suffering hard knocks from the stock market.
These blows might have spelled absolute disaster for Galveston's pension funds. It did not. Texas pension funds are durable - they are structured well to weather storms. Galveston's pension funds have shown steady improvements in the last six critical years of adjustment, just like most other Texas pension systems. The Galveston Employees' Retirement Fund now has one of the most cherished positions in the state, below the 15-year mark for amortization period, a measure similar to the estimated payoff for your home mortgage. Galveston's pension systems for firefighters and police also have shown slow but steady progress given the setbacks.
Now is not the time for Galveston to become impatient or to defer payments to its pension funds. We know that surefire disaster occurs when a city shortchanges its annual required contribution. The ARC is the number actuaries derive after they number-crunch every single factor to determine the lowest contribution for the city to pay for workers' employment.
Having an actuarially sound pension fund attracts good people to serve in tough, thankless jobs. A solid retirement plan with modest but adequate benefits also helps retain a workforce. There is a competitive market for well-trained police, firefighters and municipal employees. Other Texas cities and towns would love to have your city's staff. They promote their retirement plans to your employees. Don't think for a second that Galveston can move away from defined benefit plans and not suffer. That's not the experience of any city or town which disrupted its retirement plans.
As Galveston continues its economic juggernaut and moves forward on its remarkable recovery after Hurricane Ike, the city should do what it has historically done. It should look at the likelihood of future storms and raise foundations. Fund your pension systems appropriately. Don't set them on course to go underwater.
Patterson is executive director of the Texas Association of Public Employee Retirement Systems and previously served as the appointed city treasurer for three city pension plans in Houston's Finance & Administration Department in 1990-96.
Posted by About TEXPERS at 10:31 AM No comments:
With trillions in investments, public retirement systems may shape global climate change reform efforts. Find out what risks your fund needs to be aware of inside the new edition of TEXPERS Pension Observer.
Things you'll learn in this issue:
Why you need to gauge how your fund communicates with its members
How to prepare your fund for Texas' next legislative session
New insights into pension system investments
How TEXPERS' new communications manager can work with your fund to spread the importance of defined benefits
How climate change plays into your fund's investment risks
The five best practices in becoming an empowered leader of your fund
TEXPERS Pension Observer is published quarterly and is the official magazine of the Texas Association of Public Employee Retirement Systems.
A print version is in the mail and will soon arrive in the mailboxes of TEXPERS members. Until then, enjoy the digital version below.
Posted by Allen Jones at 1:53 PM No comments:
Infographic: 3 Things That Make TEXPERS' 2017 Summer Forum Better Than Ever
An illustrated look at what to expect during this year's event. Register now at www.texpers.org.
Posted by Allen Jones at 8:01 AM No comments:
Infographic: TEXPERS Summer Forum. Don't miss out! Register today! www.texpers.org
Registration open for firefighter pension trustee training conference
By Allen Jones
TEXPERS Communications Manager
Fiduciary responsibility, board management, and investment practices are some of the topics firefighters serving pension boards can learn about during an upcoming trustee training conference.
The Texas Local Fire Fighters' Pension Conference occurs Oct. 1-3 at The Woodlands Waterway Marriot Hotel and Convention Center, 1601 Lake Robbins Dr. in The Woodlands. The township is a master-planned community located north of Houston along Texas 45.
Registration is required to attend the conference and costs $50 for trustee members. Those wanting to bring a spouse must pay an extra $25 registration fee. A registration form is available on the conference website at www.tlffra.org.
In addition to the board training programs, a golf tournament, skeet shooting, and a dinner will be offered free of charge. Those looking to stay at the hotel will receive a nightly room rate of $159.
Event sponsorship opportunities are available. Sponsorships range from $1,000 to $3,000 and provide a variety of marketing opportunities based on support level. Vendor booths are available for $500. Visit the conference website for additional details.
Conference organizers include The Woodlands Township, The Woodlands Firefighter's Retirement System, The Woodlands Convention Bureau and the Texas Local Fire Fighters' Retirement Act board.
The Texas Local Fire Fighters Pension Conference, a nonprofit corporation, hosts the event. According to its website, in addition to hosting the conference, the goal of the TLFF is to provide educational opportunities including regional workshops and lectures.
Legislative session good despite multitude of bills targeting public retirement
Public pensions made it through Texas' 85th legislative session relatively unscathed, but that wasn't for lack of trying on the part of legislators. TEXPERS tracked 27 bills related to public pensions and retirement during the session, which ended May 29. The association opposed 12 bills and supported one. TEXPERS took a neutral stance on the remaining bills.
Among those opposed by TEXPERS were two firmly pushed bills, Senate Bill 509 by Sen. Joan Huffman, R-Houston, and House Bill 2434 by Rep. Dan Flynn, R-Canton. Neither bill passed but both would have created unfunded mandates for pension systems.
Huffman's bill would have required certain public pensions systems to evaluate investments in a report separate from those the systems already provide the state's Pension Review Board. The proposed legislation did not offer any state funding assistance to pension systems. Flynn's bill would have required certain funds to adopt a funding plan to achieve actuarial soundness. Not only would the legislation have required pensions systems to take on additional costs, but it would also have moved the Pension Review Board from an oversight agency to a statutory authority.
"Moving forward, it is incumbent upon all plans to attempt to address the issues raised by these two bills otherwise they are likely to reappear in the next session," says TEXPERS Executive Director Max Patterson.
Other bills that were successfully opposed included legislation that would have limited the amount of annuity for basic pay of members of the armed forces, limited the ability of municipalities to raise funds for pension shortfalls, given cities the authority to approve or reject ordinances or resolutions regarding their pension funds, and moved the Employees Retirement System of Texas and Teacher Retirement System of Texas to defined contribution plans.
During the session, the legislature also addressed pension funding issues in Houston and Dallas, which were both local issues. Patterson hopes those funds will improve upon their problems and will not reappear in the next session in 2019.
An opposed bill that did manage to pass was known as the University Park bill. House Bill 3056, authored by Rep. Morgan Meyer, R-Dallas, and Flynn, is intended to replace the City of University Park's 76-year-old pension system. The bill achieves that by amending the firefighters' pension so it can place all of the fire department's new hires in the Texas Municipal Retirement System. The amendment goes into effect Sept. 1. Although wording narrowed the exclusion to "municipalities with populations less than 200,000, in counties with a population not less than 2 million and not more than 4 million," the concern is the trend could spread.
"Hopefully that will remain unique to University Park and not have a ripple effect on the other small plans," Patterson said.
The lone bill supported involved the creation of a statewide retirement program for Texas workers who do not have access to employer-sponsored 401(k) investment plans. The legislation, House Bill 3601 authored by Rep. Roberto Alonzo, D-Dallas, stalled in the House's Pensions Committee. (See a related article below).
TEXPERS previously published a recap of the legislative session on its blog. Op-eds from Patterson and TEXPERS' board president, Paul Brown, regarding the session can also be found in "TEXPERS Pension Observer," the association's membership magazine. A digital edition of the magazine is available on the online.
The work of TEXPERS' Legislative Committee and its Legislative Subcommittee in reviewing bills was extremely helpful and very much appreciated, Patterson says.
"Ways to improve the process will be ongoing with every effort to look for improvements," he added.
Author Bio: Allen Jones is the communications and public relations manager for TEXPERS. He has a bachelor's degree in Journalism and Communications. He is a former community journalist and editor. He previously worked for the Houston Community Newspapers group and Hibu and was a freelance writer for the Houston Chronicle.
Posted by Allen Jones at 12:00 AM No comments:
Statewide IRA plan could level playing field with public pensions
Legislation seeking to establish a statewide 401(k) retirement plan for private-sector workers who do not have access to retirement benefits through their employers failed to make it into law this legislative session. That doesn't mean the idea has been K.O.-ed.
The legislation was among 27 pensions and retirement related bills tracked by TEXPERS during Texas' 85th legislative session. It also was the only bill to receive the association's backing.
Authored by Rep. Roberto Alonzo, D-Dallas, House Bill 3601 died without having received a single vote. When the legislative session ended May 29, the bill was left pending action in the state's House Pensions Committee, preventing it from progressing to the full House for a vote.
Establishing the state retirement pool may have failed to gain traction this year, but for Alonzo, authoring the bill was merely a first step to help secure retirement for millions of full-time working Texans who do not have access to retirement savings. The state's regular legislative session may be over, but he intends to keep building support for the plan until he can refile it during the state's next legislative session in 2019.
"Sometimes it takes several sessions to get a bill across the finish line," Alonzo says.
The Dallas representative has been in office since November 1992. His constituency re-elected him in January. Alonzo spent many years focusing on securing defined benefit pensions for public employees. During the recent legislative session, he served as vice chairman of the House Pensions Committee. He was named Legislator of the Year in 2015 by the Texas Public Employees Association, a legislative advocacy organization for state government employees and retirees. He also took a leadership role in addressing the unfunded liabilities of the Employees Retirement System pension fund.
Alonzo says he will run for reelection in 2019 and is confident he will retain his seat in the House. Securing retirement for public and private-sector workers is at the top of his agenda.
Before becoming a lawyer and later running his first campaign for office in 1992, he grew up on a family farm in Crystal City, Texas. The seat of Zavala County, Crystal City was settled as a farming and ranching community was once referred to as the "Spinach Capital of the World." Growing up, Alonzo says he never thought about a pension or retirement while working his family's farm.
"Our pension was having a big family," he says. "We took care of each other. I'm 60 years old now. I'm grown up; I'm an attorney and a legislator. I see the benefit of pensions. I see how the government can be a part of it by ensuring those who've contributed to society have some savings when they retire."
Alonzo's retirement bill received the support of TEXPERS, says its executive director, Max Patterson, because it would be an opportunity to see all working Texans start planning for their golden years.
Many critics want to compare public workers having a defined benefit plan when private-sector workers only have 401(k)s, Patterson says, but a state pool would level the playing field. Plus, he says, a statewide 401(k) would be voluntary as those workers would have the option of opting out of the plan.
"Numerous states have moved in this direction, and now it's time for Texas to come on board," Patterson says.
In July, Oregon became the first state to launch a retirement savings program for employees whose employers don't provide one. California, Connecticut, Illinois, and Maryland also gained legislative approval to establish similar programs. According to a July 10 report in "Pensions & Investments" magazine, 24 other states are considering a similar idea and legislators are keeping an eye out on the challenges faced by states that have already enacted the investment programs.
More than 30 million full-time, full-year private-sector workers between the ages of 18 and 64 do not have access to an employer-based retirement plan, according to data provided in a 2016 report published by The PEW Charitable Trusts. That means that nationwide, only 58 percent of workers had access to a workplace retirement plan. And the study indicates that among those, 49 percent of workers were not participating in a plan. The percentage is worse in Texas. Only 50 percent of its workers have access to retirement, according to the PEW report.
Under Alonzo's proposed plan, the Texas program would be managed by the state and offer conservative investment options. He says enacting a pooled plan would stabilize contributions and equalize investment risk while providing for a lifetime of retirement income for Texans.
Current studies indicate a significant number of Americans are struggling financially and are not saving for retirement. Investment experts believe state programs like Alonzo's proposal could encourage retirement savings.
Rachel Schneider is senior vice president of the Center for Financial Services Innovation, an organization dedicated to improving the financial health of Americans. She says Alonzo's proposal is precisely what states should be doing to help people better prepare for life after work.
She recently co-authored "The Financial Diaries: How American Families Cope in a World of Uncertainty." The book is the result of a lengthy research study into why a large portion of Americans feel financially insecure. In the book, Schneider and her co-author, Johnathan Morduch, found that 65 percent of households in the study sample had a savings account, but only 8 percent of them saved at least as much as their perceived need. Schneider says households were saving money, but not for long-term needs, especially not retirement.
"On average, 72 percent of their savings was intended for needs that had to be met within the next six months," she says. "Eighty-three percent would be spent within a year. Only 10 percent was for needs three or more years away."
In addition, the book's authors say those workers with access to 401(k)s are taking on too much risk as private investors. It is a risk employers should be shouldering if states cannot enact retirement programs.
"What we are doing right now is expecting people to know so much about their own financial lives and their own financial futures," Schneider says. "That isn't realistic."
Schneider says government institutions are best positioned to create pooled risk structures that spread the cost of economic ups and downs across large groups.
"Achieving this will require a mix of legislation, regulation, collective action, and recognition by businesses that worker and consumer protections are in their corporate self-interest," she says.
She likes what Texas and other states are trying to do for private-sector workers, but says more needs to be done, such as urging financial service companies to create savings programs that enable people to make good choices so the shift within the investment market is less worrisome.
"Financial service companies can do a lot to create new products or services or improve financial services to do more to build financial health," Schneider says.
She hopes lawmakers and companies will use her research to understand why so many Americans are feeling financially insecure. Understanding that she says will help create stable earnings which will then enable people to save for lives outside the workforce.
Defined benefit pension systems survive, but turbulence ahead
By Joe Gimenez
The 85th Legislative session ended with affirmation that defined benefit plans will remain the preferred retirement vehicle for public employees across the state. Despite noise from several political groups who oppose DB plans, not a single defined contribution element was introduced to the pension systems in statute. Nor was there any modicum of success in forcing other systems into DC plans.
Maintenance of the status quo is testament to TEXPERS' core position: defined benefit plans serve Texans well by maintaining trained workforces at reasonable cost. DB plans help cities manage their budgets through deferred compensation, empowering the pension fund to invest employer and employee contributions so as to create, in many cases, 50-70 percent of an employees retirement benefits from investment returns.[A1] And most importantly, the larger trends indicate that most Texas pension funds have been steadily improving for each of the last six years.[A2] The systems have overcome a low-interest rate, slow-growth environment and reduced their assumed rates to reflect new market expectations. They continue to perform and balance the workforce needs of their city with responsible benefits and investments.
The yearly filing of a "local control" bill, House Bill 1502, went nowhere. The current laws maintaining 13 of the largest local public pensions in statute were unchanged. Not even a hearing was held on the matter, as compared to the ballyhoo created last session when local control bill sponsor Rep. James Murphy convened a press conference before a late session hearing. [A3] In the sense that state laws help preserve these systems as quasi-trust funds for employees who earn the benefits, the session was very successful in pushing the local control advocates to irrelevancy.
But pension systems and public employees should not become complacent. The foes of defined benefit plans will continue to agitate in the interim. They will push legislators to authorize unneeded studies about defined contribution plans. They will seek unnecessary third-party verification of system operations. They will skew Pension Review Board statistics in the media so as to sway public opinion against defined benefit plans and public employees' earnings.
One such foe began its work influencing the general public for the 86th Session just one week after the 85th ended. The Texas Public Policy Foundation hosted luncheon briefings across Texas featuring the comments of defined contribution advocate James Quintero. These sorts of efforts will continue through the next 18 months. Legislators do pay attention to organizations which show the most energy influencing their constituents. It's never too early for pension systems to anticipate the start of the next session, using the interim to tell their story to locally elected officials and representatives. It matters.
Author Bio: Joe Gimenez is a business management and communications counselor to business unit directors for Fortune 500 companies and public employee pension funds for the past 20 years. His clients include TEXPERS, San Antonio Fire and Police Pension Fund, Houston Firefighters' Relief and Retirement Fund, Microsoft, Capgemini, Dell, Eli Lilly, and others. He has a Master's degree from George Mason University in International Trade and Transactions.
TEXPERS' 2017 Summer Forum will be held Aug. 13-15 in San Antonio, Texas. Register today: www.texpers.org.
Labels: 2017, Education, Registration, Summer Forum, Training
TEXPERS Advises Galveston on Pension Fund Dynamics...
With trillions in investments, public retirement s...
Infographic: 3 Things That Make TEXPERS' 2017 Summ...
Infographic: TEXPERS Summer Forum. Don't miss out!...
Registration open forfirefighter pension trustee t...
Legislative session good despite multitude of bill...
Statewide IRA plan could level playing field with ...
Defined benefit pension systems survive, but turbu...
TEXPERS' 2017 Summer Forum will be held Aug. 13-15...


text:
The delicate flowers of Wall Street: Financial titans warn Hillary to be mindful of their feelings
Wall Street tycoons advise Democrats that the UK elections show people hate it when you say mean things about banks
By Simon Maloy
May 12, 2015 3:59PM (UTC)
Hillary Clinton, Elizabeth Warren (AP/Carolyn Kaster/Pablo Martinez Monsivais/Photo montage by Salon)
There is no commodity more precious, more delicate, more vulnerable to lasting and irreparable harm than the feelings of a Wall Street executive. The titans of the financial industry have faced zero criminal liability for nearly destroying the economy in 2008, they still enjoy unrivaled influence over the policy platforms of both major political parties, and no one except Bernie Sanders even considers making a run for the president without hitting up the hedge fund managers for donations. Life is very, very good for the rich and powerful. But it isn't quite good enough, in their view, largely because certain politicians are apt to say unflattering things about Wall Street.
Politico reported yesterday that, in the aftermath of the Tories' unexpected rout of Labour in last week's elections in the United Kingdom, Wall Street executives are warning Hillary Clinton and other Democrats that if they keep it up with the populism, then they're going to meet the same fate as freshly resigned Labour Party leader Ed Miliband:
These bankers and their ideological supporters say if likely Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton keeps tacking to the left on Wall Street issues — as Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, other progressive Democrats and Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders are demanding — she could wind up facing the same fate.
"[Prime Minister David] Cameron embraced the role of the financial sector in growing the U.K. economy and creating jobs, never once criticizing hedge funds, banks or the wealthy," said a top executive at one of Wall Street's largest firms. "Miliband ran against hedge funds and bankers, promising bonus and mansion taxes and lost big. Is that a lesson for Hillary as well?"
Is it? IS IT??? A few months ago we were told that the kings of Wall Street were none too perturbed with Hillary Clinton's populist rhetoric because they largely understood that she has to say such things to win the Democratic nomination. In the meantime, they'd keep funneling cash to her campaign and trust that she wouldn't make life too difficult for them once in office. Now that a politician somewhere in the world has lost badly while campaigning on a platform to attack inequality, they're seizing the opportunity to make the case that populism is bad and that average people, deep down, carry the fire for hedge fund managers and recoil at the prospect of slightly higher tax rates on unearned wealth.
It's an inspiring defense of the overly-maligned banks and the wealthy. And, of course, none of the wealthy people mounting that defense want their name attached to it because they're afraid they'll look bad, thus undermining the entire defense:
This executive, like several others who cited the U.K. election result as a warning to populists, declined to be identified by name or by firm for fear of eliciting a heavy backlash.
This is all part of the broader pathology of the masters of the financial universe in which they've so thoroughly convinced themselves of their own superiority that they feel they should be above criticism. As far as they're concerned, populist anger at the banking industry is largely illusory, a campaign gimmick egged on by the media – after all, no one was ever prosecuted after the crash, so that means no one did anything wrong, right? And while they're willing to allow a little populist posturing from the candidates they try to purchase, even a light wrist slap from someone like Hillary Clinton, who makes campaign-trail references to outrageous CEO salaries while also hitting up Goldman Sachs executives for contributions, can easily become too much to tolerate.
This overriding sense of self-importance of course leads them to believe that elections are won and lost based solely on who said what about the bankers. Again, from Politico:
"I would say that this is the second major election in a row where bank bashing no longer seems to move voters," said a lobbyist for the banking industry. "Even where voters may continue to have anger about banks, other issues seem to be driving their votes. We saw that last year in the U.S., and now we seem to be seeing an echo in the U.K."
Imagine that. A bank lobbyist believes anti-bank political rhetoric is a loser. No motivated reasoning there! Maybe it's possible that voters in the U.K. decided to throw Miliband out on his [checks British-English dictionary] arse because he was too hostile toward the financial industry. It could also be that they thought he was a wanker and was not effective at tapping into the country's overwhelming dissatisfaction with the banking system. Alternately, Miliband could be paying the long-deferred price for Tony Blair's wankery. Whatever the reason, I'm not entirely sure it has much relevance to a presidential election that is still over a year away in a different country with a different political system.
But if you're a self-absorbed Wall Street dimwit, the connection is clear: the British man criticized my friends, and the British people didn't vote for him, so clearly this Elizabeth Warren type-stuff won't play well in New Hampshire.
Simon Maloy
MORE FROM Simon Maloy • FOLLOW SimonMaloy
2016 Elections Big Banks Ed Miliband Elizabeth Warren Financial Industry Hillary Clinton Income Inequality Labour Party Politico U.k. Government Wall Street


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World Cup: Aguero back, Di Maria out for Argentina Getting ready for semi final against the Netherlands … Lionel Messi with Sergio Aguero
ANGEL Di Maria has been ruled out of Argentina's semi-final against the Netherlands but fellow forward Sergio Aguero has recovered from a muscle strain and is fit to play, the team doctor confirmed.
Aguero looked comfortable in training at the Argentine camp, but Di Maria was missing and undergoing intensive treatment after hobbling out of their 1-0 quarter-final win over Belgium.
In their first semi-final since 1990, the South Americans play the Netherlands in Sao Paulo on Wednesday.
"Angel has a Grade 1 injury. Of course he won't play in Argentina's next game. After that, we'll evaluate the situation day-by-day," team doctor Daniel Martinez told reporters.
"Sergio has practiced three times. He's ready to play."
Aguero missed two games due to a muscle strain but on the evidence of Sunday's afternoon training session at their camp in Belo Horizonte, the speedy forward should at least make the substitutes bench.
The absence of Di Maria, the South Americans' most creative player after captain Lionel Messi, will be a big blow but the return to form of Gonzalo Higuain lessens the impact.
Higuain's instinctive strike against Belgium gave Argentina passage to the semi-finals.
Roared on by tens of thousands of fans who have crossed the border, Argentina are bidding for a third World Cup. To achieve it on the soil of rivals Brazil would be especially sweet.
The squad looked relaxed during training, laughing and joking with coach Alejandro Sabella.
They are based at local team Atletico Mineiro's training complex, where motivational banners in blue-and-white colours give them encouragement as fans huddle at the gates outside.
"The group as a whole is very happy, except for the situation with Angel, which is a great shame," midfielder Javier Mascherano told reporters. "We hope he recovers soon."
Mascherano said Argentina's improved performance against Belgium was due to a more intelligent approach, which they had to repeat against the skilful Dutch.
"Against Belgium, we used the spaces better. We didn't rush. We waited for the right moment to pass," he said.
"It was a lovely game but it was yesterday. Now we're focused on Holland. We know they are still smarting from defeat (in the final) in South Africa four years ago.Advertisement
"We've come far, Argentines have waited 24 years for this, but we want to go further."
Defender Jose Basanta said he had been dreaming all his career of playing in the World Cup.
"I'm so happy. Argentina are making history, but we've not won anything yet," he added.


text:
Q: Dimension and length I was trying to prove the following:
Let $R$ be a Noetherian ring and let $M$ be a finitely generated $R$-module. Then $M$ has finite length if and only if $\mathrm{dim}(M)=0$.
I was able to prove only one direction:
if $M$ is finitely generated, we have the following ascending chain
$0 = M_0 \subset M_1 \subset \dots \subset M_r = M$
and $M_i/M_{i-1} \cong A/\mathfrak{p_i}$
for $1 \leq i \leq r$, where each $\mathfrak{p_i}$
is a prime ideal of $R$. By hypothesis
$\mathrm{dim}(R/\mathrm{Ann}_R(M))= 0$ this means that every prime ideal in $R/\mathrm{Ann}_R(M)$ (that is, every prime ideal of $R$ containing $\mathrm{Ann}_R(M)$) is a maximal ideal. Moreover, since $\mathrm{Ann}_R(M) \subseteq p_i$ for all $i$, we conclude that each quotient $M_i/M_{i-1}$ is a simple module, hence $M$ has finite length.
I'm having some trouble proving the other one.

A: Assume $M$ has finite length. Let's show that there's a finite product $P$ of maximal ideals such that $PM=0$.
If this is the case, then we have a surjection $R/P \rightarrow R/\mathrm{Ann}(M)$, thus $\dim{M}=0$ (because the only prime ideals of $R/P$ are maximal).
Indeed, $M$ has finite length, so there is a sequence $0=M_0 \subset M_1 \subset M_2 \ldots \subset M_r=M$ such that $M_i/M_{i-1}$ is simple: it is of the form $R/\mathfrak{m}_i$ for some maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}_i$, and $P=\prod_i{\mathfrak{m}_i}$ fits the bill.


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tion of about 34c, but the turn soon oame.
sented an exceedingly dull appearance.
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trast from that of twenty hours ago.
ted Society of Engineers, New York;H. S.
and Labor association, Cincinnati; W. C.
International union of America; J. 11.
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impairing nerve health, and Dr." J. B.
Darwin, Errerson and the gospel.
ST. PAUL, MINN, WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 22, 1883.
hail, some of which were of . terrific . size.
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the banks and tenants is slight.
to exceed $15,000 to $25,000; no insurance.
-000. The building is insured for $130,000.
of the finest operating rooms in the world.
in a month or six weeks.
were on the train and none were injured.
known families, On Sunday evening Col.
his wife went out for a short drive, leaving !
Capt. Edward A. Beil and T. K. Fuller.
< THE COMING PHABMCEUTICAL SESSION.
pected that 600 will attend this year.
TO SEE THE FBENCH ABMY MANEUVEB.
SALE OF MINNESOTA PUBLIC LANDS.
assistant treasurer of the United States.
taken in a day or two.
The president has appointed Charles L.
Palmer postmaster of Baker City, Oregon.
and Hiram Rice at Albion, Neb.
day, but no new cases.
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a. m. The greater number are unmarried.
work the pledges given were broken.
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WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 22 — II A.M.
Nicollet House. Union National Bank Block.
German Visitors to tli ■* Country.
gold, a masterpiece of American art."
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resort, in giving a genuine good time to all . .
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text:
The Best Movies to Ever Win Cannes' Palme d'Or — IndieWire Critic Survey
As we gear up for the 70th edition of the Cannes Film Festival, we look back at the best movies to ever take home its coveted top prize.
"Dancer in the Dark"
Every week, IndieWire asks a select handful of film and TV critics two questions and publishes the results on Monday. (The answer to the second, "What is the best film in theaters right now?", can be found at the end of this post.)
This week's question: In honor of the Cannes Film Festival, the 70th edition of which starts this week, what is the best film to ever win the coveted Palme d'Or?
For a complete list of Palme d'Or winners, click here.
Erin Whitney (@Cinemabite), ScreenCrush
This question is impossible because I clearly haven't seen all 40 Palme d'Or winners (it's on my to do list, I swear). But I could easily say "Apocalypse Now," "Paris, Texas," "Taxi Driver," "Amour," or even "Pulp Fiction." But since this is a personal question, I have to say "The Tree of Life." No film has moved me as much as Terrence Malick's Palme d'Or winner.
Malick haters can mock it all you want, but it's a masterpiece of spiritual filmmaking that plays with the macro and micro questions of our existence. It marks a marriage between Malick's more straightforward filmmaking style that preceded it, and the experimental that has since defined the reclusive director's career. It's the type of movie you return to again and again, not only to try and understand it better, but to use it to try to understand yourself. If that's not worthy of a Palme d'Or, what is?
Christopher Campbell (@thefilmcynic) Nonfics and Film School Rejects
I don't want to choose a best, because it's impossible to compare "The Conversation" and "Dancer in the Dark," which are my two favorites (maybe only the latter semantically counts as a "Palm d'Or winner"?). Instead I'll ignore the question and answer another: the most important Palme d'Or winner is "The Silent World," the first and only one of two docs to ever take the prize.
Cannes hasn't always done well to recognize documentary as cinematically significant, and sadly the second one — "Fahrenheit 9/11" — isn't the best representation of the form. As many as 30 docs have been in competition since the start of the festival, most of them in the earlier years and from such Cannes-favored auteurs as Louis Malle or focused on artists as subjects. I'd love to see more, and I'd love to see another truly great doc win as Malle and Jacques Cousteau's oceanographic feature did 61 years ago.
READ MORE: What Movies Critics Are Most Excited To See At Cannes 2017
Miriam Bale (@mimbale), Freelance
Thank you for asking. I hadn't realized how few stone-cold masterpieces have won the top award. The best is probably "The Taste of Cherry." Though I have soft spot for the weird ones, like "The Ballad of Narayama" and even "Wild at Heart." Bringing worldwide attention to the weird ones is perhaps the festival's strength.
Tomris Laffly (@TomiLaffly), Film Journal International, Film School Rejects
A1. It's of course impossible to pick the best Palme d'Or winner of all time. But among the ones I have seen, Jane Campion's "The Piano" is one of my favorites. Every moment of "The Piano" is poetry — the kind of film where you see an auteur at work and sense her touch on every delicate detail.
Christian Blauvelt (@Ctblauvelt), BBC Culture
Looking over the list of Palme d'Or winners, it's astounding how many bad films received Cannes' top honor – Delbert Mann's "Marty" won the initial prize in 1955 for God's sake – and how many "just okay" films seemed to be selected because they were "important" rather than artistically accomplished. As a companion to this list I'd suggest a counter-canon of "films that were booed at Cannes," which is stunning a round-up of titles: "L'Avventura," "Fire Walk With Me," "Gertrud," "Personal Shopper." And remarkably there are a number of films that were both Palme d'Or winners and the recipient of boos: "Taxi Driver," "Pulp Fiction," "The Tree of Life."
My pick for the best all-time Palme d'Or recipient, however, is "Barton Fink." The Coens' dreamlike view of Hollywood and its discontent is as surreal as a latter-day Buñuel film and just as fun – formal sophistication aside, it's the entertainment value of Fink that brings a smile to my face more than anything. It is a profoundly watchable film, and part of that comes from the fact it feels like a movie the Coens themselves would want to see. It's a personal statement as rollicking romp, and it's the culmination of Cannes' three-year coronation of the American indie movement: "Sex, Lies and Videotape" in 1989, "Wild at Heart" in 1990, and then the Coens' ode to peeling wallpaper and Wallace Beery wrestling pictures.
Before this trifecta of indies, Cannes seemed to award the Palme d'Or based on seriousness of intent as much as style: even a film like 1964 Palme d'Or winner "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" that revels in surfaces could be equally acknowledged for its "importance" as a serious, revisionist, tragic take on the Hollywood musical. "Apocalypse Now" is a masterpiece, but how much of its Palme d'Or win was due to its kinesthetic pleasures or to voters taking Coppola's pontificating that his film "was Vietnam" oh-so-seriously? That's why "Barton Fink," as a culmination of the indie films acknowledged the two previous years, stands apart – it's playful, it's fun, it's a film where the memory of the ringing of a lobby bell can put a shiver down your spine long after you've left the cinema. It's the final triumph of Manny Farber's "termite art" over the "white elephant" art that had long defined Cannes' top honorees. "Barton Fink" is nothing more than a direct portal into the minds of its creators, the cost of admission is that, by the time the credits roll, they've colonized a bit of your brain as well.
Eric Kohn (@EricKohn), IndieWire
It's tough to pick the best movie that won the Palme d'Or since there are so many wonderful movies that stand the test of time on that list. But I'm going to go with "Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives," in part because it was such a perfect example of how this worldly festival has the power to catapult a unique filmmaker and sensibility onto the world stage. Suddenly, an esoteric, dreamlike vision of Thai history and mythology touched toes with popular culture. My favorite Cannes moment was Apichatpong Weerasethakul accepting the Palme d'Or and telling Tim Burton, "I love your hair."
Manuela Lazic (@ManiLazic), Freelance for Little White Lies, The Film Stage
Unlike the Oscars, the Cannes Film Festival frequently rewards films that actually deserve praise, which makes it difficult to pick a favourite. Yet among all these great victories, some have a particularly delightful taste. Steven Soderbergh's filmmaking career may be on hold today, but his output so far has been consistently impressive from his very beginnings. His 1989 debut feature "sex, lies and videotape" put him in the spotlight for the outstanding quality of the film itself, but also because of the impact it would have on the independent film industry.
The film, despite its low budget, limited settings and lack of stars, managed to be one of the most entrancing cinematic explorations of our patriarchal and capitalistic society and the disconnect and fear it creates between people. When the drifter Graham (who, as played by a young, longhaired and nonchalant James Spader, strongly recalls David Hemmings' Thomas, the iconic lead in Antonioni's own Palme d'Or winner "Blowup") arrives in Baton Rouge to visit his long-lost college friend John Mullany (Peter Gallagher, aka the greatest eyebrows in Hollywood) and his very square wife Ann (Andie MacDowell in a career-best performance), not only does he disturb their lives, he also finds himself transformed by his relationship with this repressed but kind woman. As they discuss sex through the medium of video, they both acknowledge their sexual insecurities and disclose their deepest psychological traumas. Even Ann's sister Cynthia, played with heat and heart by Laura San Giacomo, will have to thank Graham for showing her that, after all, Ann's issues aren't so different from her own. Like Cynthia, only those willing to face their fucked-up nature will be able to change and finally relate to other people instead of using them. Soderbergh's ability to discuss sex with astonishing creativity, understanding and humanity aged only 26 put him on everyone's radar, and proved that a movie needn't be big to be beautiful.
Richard Brody (@tnyfrontrow), The New Yorker
Cannes has been almost uninterruptedly behind the times since the very moment when it could have joined them. Scan the list of Palme d'Or winners; not one of the filmmakers who propelled the French cinema into the forefront of modernity, whether Godard or Truffaut or Rivette or Rohmer or Chabrol or Varda (she at least got an honorary one in 2015), is on the list; without these filmmakers, the French cinema would be more or less what the Italian cinema is today, local stories told in borrowed styles with no world-historical reach. Also, has a sub-Saharan African director or a director from the African diaspora ever won it? No; and, though "sex, lies, and videotape" is a very good movie, the fact that it won the prize over "Do the Right Thing" is, among other things, a celebration of chilly classicism (and eroticism) over Spike Lee's modernity.
Like most prize-giving organizations, Cannes almost always gets it wrong. A multi-part answer for a multi-part matter–in 1946, in the first post-war festival, Cannes handed out Grand Prizes like candy, to eleven films, but one of them is the best film ever to win one: Rossellini's "Open City." On the other hand, that diluted award hardly honors discerning judgment; four other awards leap out as exemplary: Orson Welles's "Othello," from 1952; "Taxi Driver," 1976; "Taste of Cherry," in 1997; and "The Tree of Life," 2011. At least in these five awards, the festival looked to the future of cinema.
Charles Bramesco (@intothecrevasse) Freelance for the Guardian, Vulture, Nylon
I'm not just going with Fellini's "La Dolce Vita" because it is one of my favorite films of all time, but because it is the Palme recipient that most wholly captures the spirit of Cannes and the festival's value system. A film overtly concerned with the rotting soul of Europe, a critical perspective on the hollow nature of glamour and celebrity, it might as well be a piece-by-piece deconstruction of the toxic particles in the Cannes atmosphere.
Jordan Hoffman (@JHoffman), Freelance for The Guardian, Vanity Fair
My answer is "The Cranes Are Flying." Based entirely of when and where and with whom I saw it, but I'm not divulging that here.
Christopher Llewellyn Reed (@chrisreedfilm), Hammer to Nail
The list of winners at Cannes over the years – at times awarded a Palme d'Or (1955-63, 1975-present), at others a Grand Prix (1939-54, 1964-74) – includes many of my favorite films. Indeed, unlike our own Motion Picture Academy, Cannes appears to have been a fairly consistent arbiter of high-quality cinema. All of this makes it extremely difficult to choose one "best" among the lot. So I'll cheat and pick two, all the while feeling guilty about the others I leave out. On a purely emotional level, my favorite is probably the Soviet film "The Cranes Are Flying" (Mikhail Kalatozov, 1957). Shot by cinematographer Sergey Urusevsky, who had worked as a cameraman in the battlefields of World War II, the movie features brilliant visuals and stunning performances in a tale about the human cost of war. Its release was one of the harbingers of the new cultural "thaw" put in motion by the anti-Stalinist reforms of new Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Profoundly sad, yet also life-affirming, it combines melodrama and stylized hyper-realism in a heady mix.
That's what my heart tells me to pick. My head says that the Coen Brothers' brilliant 1991 dissection of writer's block, "Barton Fink," is equally worthy. Featuring John Turturro as the hapless titular character, fixated on turning intellectual musings into moving drama, yet unable to see the real story right in front of him, the film remains a great parody of the Hollywood dream machine, even today. So much else is good, though: Fellini's "La dolce vita"; Visconti's "The Leopard"; Antonioni's "Blowup"; Coppola's "The Conversation"; Scorsese's "Taxi Driver"; Soderbergh's "Sex, Lies, and Videotape"; Campion's "The Piano" (the only woman to win one of these); Tarantino's "Pulp Fiction"; Leigh's "Secrets & Lies"; Kiarostami's "Taste of Cherry"; the Dardenne Brothers' "L'enfant" … and more and more and more …
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This Article is related to: Film and tagged Cannes, Criticwire Survey, Palme d'Or


Ryan Braun playing in 2015. Photo credit: Scott Paulus/Milwaukee Brewers.
What else can Ryan Braun say? He loves playing at Wrigley Field.
That's true even though Braun, a longtime star for the rival Milwaukee Brewers, is approximately as welcome there as a fungal disease in the iconic ivy that adorns the outfield walls.
Cubs fans love to boo the 35-year-old Braun, the foremost reason being that he has made Wrigley Field his personal playpen. Braun -- the most prominent Jewish player in the major leagues -- has more hits (205), doubles (48), and runs driven in (125) against the North Siders than he has against any other opponent.
"I've always enjoyed playing here," he told reporters last August after belting two home runs in a 7-0 Brewers victory. "As a competitor, there's no more enjoyable atmosphere to play in than this."
And then he added this whopper: "The more hostile the environment, the more enjoyable it is."
He said those things, of course, before the Brewers got wickedly hot and caught -- and, arguably, crushed -- the National League Central rival Cubs down the stretch of the 2018 season. The Cubs won eight of the first nine games between the teams in 2018, but the Brewers roared back to win eight of the last 11. The capper was the division tiebreaker -- Game 163 -- at Wrigley, in which Braun's eighth-inning single put the visitors ahead 3-1 in a game they'd win by that same score.
The Cubs lost the N.L. wild-card game to the Colorado Rockies a day later, leaving Chicago fans in a bewildered stupor.
Braun, a Los Angeles native, was on an upward trajectory from the very start of his baseball days. He starred as a high schooler and at the University of Miami before becoming the Brewers' first-round pick in the 2005 draft. He was the N.L. Rookie of the Year in 2007 and reached his peak in 2011, as the league's Most Valuable Player. Braun has six All-Star Games on his considerable resumé.
In 2013, though, Braun's career was tarnished -- some Cubs fans would say permanently -- by a 65-game suspension for violating baseball's policy against performance-enhancing drugs. It's a turn-of-events he pays for to this day in the forms of boos and heckles, nowhere more so than at Wrigley.
"I can take it," he said last season. "It's not about me, anyway. To me, it's all about my team."
As the 2019 season gets rolling, Braun's Brewers are locked into -- along with the Cubs and the St. Louis Cardinals -- what baseball insiders expect to be as rough-and-tumble and gnarly a division race as there is in the game. The stakes will be as high as ever for an aging outfielder (and sometimes first baseman) who still likes to push his arms out to his sides and "fly" into the infield after victories.
Yes, that particular gesture is meant to tweak the sensibilities of whichever team the Brewers have just beaten. If it's the Cubs, all the better.
Braun's father, Joe, was born in Tel Aviv. His mother, Diane, is Catholic. Braun never attended a temple regularly, nor did he have a bar mitzvah. But he told USA Today several years into his career that his Jewish identity was important.
"It's a touchy subject because I don't want to offend anybody, and I don't want groups claiming me now because I'm having success," he said. "But I do consider myself definitely Jewish. And I'm extremely proud to be a role model for young Jewish kids."
Some might question the role-model value of the T-shirts the Brewers wore at Wrigley Field for a 2017 series against the Cubs. The Brewers' shirts declared their team the "un-blank-withables." Only the shirts didn't say "blank." Brewers players clearly loved those shirts, Braun included.
"We're not here to make the other [team] happy," he said.
Braun is the Brewers' all-time leader in home runs, with 322. It only seems like most of those have come against the Cubs. He's old enough to be on the downside of his career, but that won't stop Cubs fans from jeering his every non-superstar-like moment. What else is anyone to say? Braun loves playing at Wrigley, and the feeling most definitely isn't mutual.
Many a football fan in the city has encountered Levy on one of his daily walks near his Lincoln Park home, or as he bounds about Northwestern's downtown campus.
As for where he gets his hard-working, never-give-up attitude, Rifkind attributes much of it to being the son of a Holocaust survivor.