text:
About Русский
Weekly — 5 October 2019
One to watch: Rostec's Sergei Chemezov makes political waves
Hello! This week our top story is on Sergei Chemezov, the influential head of state conglomerate Rostec whose political star appears to be on the rise. We also look at: why Putin's eldest daughter is in top-level meetings on genetically engineering humans; Russia's latest attempt to compete with Elon Musk; plummeting levels of alcohol consumption; the launch of a sinister humanoid robot; and the two new Russians sanctioned this week over alleged interference in U.S. elections.
President Vladimir Putin this week secretly made his close associate Sergei Chemezov a 'Hero of the Russian Federation'. The title is Russia's highest award and is usually conferred for a feat of special valor in service of the state. For over a decade, Chemezov has been CEO of state conglomerate Rostec, which earns billions of dollars on contracts with the army and security services. But Chemezov is also one of the few people in Putin's inner circle to have spoken out about the recent anti-Kremlin protests in Moscow, and rumors have swirled that he is investing in independent media outlets.
We do not know what exactly Chemezov did to be given this honor and there was no public announcement of the news. The title was conferred for "cumulative merit" in the field of international cooperation on defense technology and for his work at Rostec, according to an official in the presidential administration quoted by Vedomosti newspaper.
Chemezov is one of the most influential — and contradictory — figures in the Russian elite. He is one of Putin's oldest friends: they met when Putin was working for the KGB in Dresden in the 1980s and in the 1990s the two men were employed in Boris Yeltsin's presidential administration. "We lived in one building, and were both work colleagues and neighbors," Chemezov recalled.
Later, Chemezov became head of Rosoboronexport, the state-owned intermediary for the import and export of military technology. Today, Rosoboronexport is part of Rostec, of which Chemezov became CEO in 2007. Initially, Rostec was made up largely of defense assets, but it has grown into a multi-industry giant that controls companies including United Aircraft Company and Kamaz, which makes freight trucks. Rostec also has a controlling stake in arms manufacturer Kalashnikov. Chemezov's immense skill as a lobbyist is legendary and a well-known expert once called (Rus) him the "shadow minister of the defense industry".
Despite all this, Chemezov is the only person in Putin's inner circle who may be sympathetic to the opposition. In August, he unexpectedly spoke out (Rus) in support of protesters in Moscow: he alleged that people were "really upset", warned of stagnation and said a healthy opposition was a political necessity. The rarity of Chemezov's public interventions only makes them more interesting. In 2016, Meduza named (Rus) Chemezov as an investor in independent TV channel RTVi, although he later denied (Rus) this was true.
Why the world should care
It is hard to square Chemezov's critical comments and his career. He may have real sympathy for the liberal community — or it might be some sort of message to Kremlin power-brokers. One thing is clear: Chemezov is one of the most influential people in Russia even though he keeps a much lower profile than, for example, Rosneft CEO Igor Sechin. Despite his age (67), Chemezov is a figure to watch ahead of a power transition in 2024 when Putin reaches the end of his current presidential term.
How Putin's eldest daughter became Russia's informal genetics tsar
Maria Vorontsova (who is widely believed to be Putin's daughter though the relationship has never been officially confirmed) discussed the editing of human DNA at a recent secret meeting with geneticists and health officials, according to a Bloomberg report this week. After more investigation, The Bell has learned there have been many such meetings. Since Putin appointed Vorontsova to a council in charge of a new genetics program, she has become closely involved in discussions about genetic modifications and the attendant ethical questions. A push to move forward on this highly sensitive area of scientific research was apparently lobbied by Putin's friend Mikhail Kovalchuck.
Russia is actively involved in genetic research, but lags the U.S. and Europe in both results and investment, according to the official brief for the $1.9 billion genetic program set-up last year on Putin's order. It goes on to state that "DNA-editing technologies will provide a special contribution towards preserving and strengthening the health of the nation."
An endocrinologist by training, Vorontsova is a member of the council established by presidential order to oversee the program. "It would appear she's personally interested in genetics: others recognize this and play along," one source familiar with the topic told The Bell. The first time Vorontsova was publicly listed to speak on this topic was just a couple of days before the new genetics program was announced. A photograph from this meeting seen by The Bell shows a table with Vorontsova's name tag, although she herself is not in the photo (officials go to great efforts to hide the faces of Putin's daughters).
Vorontsova participates in the council's discussions in her capacity as a member of the Russian Association for the Promotion of Science (RASN), which was also the organizer of the (different) meeting reported by Bloomberg.
The idea that Russia should try and take the lead in the field of genetics — a recent development — belongs to the director of Moscow's famous Kurchatov Institute, Mikhail Kovalchuk, a source told The Bell. Mikhail Kovalchuk and his brother Yuri are both close friends of Putin.
It is no surprise that Mikhail Kovalchuk is a member of the council for the new genetics program alongside Vorontsova. In addition, the two are members of RASN's presidium where discussions on genetics also take place.
Nepotism is almost state ideology in Russia, and Vorontsova's career in genetics shows how Putin prefers to entrust important issues to members of his inner circle. At the same time, all this reveals how DNA modification has become a top priority for the Kremlin — to the point where some fear it may spark a new form of arms race.
Roscosmos vs. Musk: Russia to outsource spaceship construction
State-owned space corporation Roscosmos is set to order multi-use cargo spaceships from a private company at one-quarter of the price per launch cycle of Elon Musk's similar Dragon spacecraft. The first results will not be achieved until 2024 at the earliest, but it hasn't stopped Roscosmos' CEO from doubling-down on his criticisms of Musk.
At the moment, Russia doesn't have any multi-use spacecraft, but this may change with the new spacecraft, called Argo, which will be able to carry two tonnes of cargo to destinations like the International Space Station. While each launch cycle will cost $9.8 million, Roscosmos hopes to earn $500 million from the new vehicle over a decade.
The spacecraft is being developed by privately-owned MTKS and is expected to be completed by 2024. MTKS was founded by former S7 Space CEO, Sergei Sopov. S7 Space is a project of S7 (Russia's largest privately owned airline), which has been developing a floating spaceport since 2016. Sopov is a well-known space enthusiast: in the 1990s, he helped arrange the transfer of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in newly-independent Kazakhstan to Russian hands, and in 1988 he was part of the team that launched the unmanned Buran spacecraft. More recently, he has spoken in favor of joint state-private space exploration and the use of nuclear fuel to power 'tug boats' for cargo rockets.
Comparisons of the MTKS spaceships ordered by Roscosmos and Musk's Dragon are no coincidence: Roscosmos CEO Dmitry Rogozin never misses an opportunity to criticize his U.S. competitors. For example, Rogozin told journalists Thursday that he "wasn't impressed" by the spacecraft designed to colonize Mars recently unveiled by Musk, adding that only "20% of the project" is realizable. Rogozin may have himself been educated as a journalist, but he often points out (Rus) that Musk never trained as a rocket-building specialist.
Unlike Rogozin, many Russians look favorably on Musk and his projects. There is a popular online meme in Russia that goes: "And how do you like this, Elon Musk?". It's posted above photos of bizarre machines or descriptions of crazy ideas that, by some miracle, actually work. Musk himself even commented — in Russian — on one such video showing a car that had had its trunk switched with its engine.
Last week, the organizers of a business forum in southern Russia even rented (Rus) a billboard in California with the meme to promote a video in which they sing "only Tesla, only SpaceX, only Elon in our hearts" to a famous tune from Soviet cinema. Their idea is to persuade Musk to attend their forum. For some reason, Rogozin doesn't get these sorts of invitations.
Russia is losing the space race: last year, Russia ranked third in the world with only 19 space launches after China (38) and the U.S. (34). The attempt to outsource Argo is a gamble for Roscosmos: it might lead to a long-awaited breakthrough, or it may be a debacle.
Alcohol consumption plummets 43% in 13 years
Russian drinking habits are taking a turn for the teetotal: a study by the World Health Organization (WHO) released Tuesday showed Russians drank 43 percent less in 2016 compared to thirteen years earlier.
Hard liquor in particular is being shunned: there was a 67 percent drop in consumption of spirits between 2003 and 2016, according to the WHO, which compares to declines of 8 percent for wine and 4 percent for beer. The WHO concluded these declines were driven by the government's anti-alcohol policies (including advertising restrictions, higher taxation and limitations on sales), and are a major factor in rising life expectancy.
Despite the changes, Russians are still some of the heaviest drinkers in the world. Men who drink at least once a year consumed on average the equivalent of 152 bottles of vodka in 2016, while for women it was the equivalent of 52 bottles of vodka.
The WHO also looked at the consumption of moonshine (known as samogon), which traditionally rises in times of economic crisis. While samogon's popularity has fallen since the early 2000s, the WHO said consumption ticked upwards after 2014 when the economy was hit by a collapse in oil prices and Western sanctions. Last month, we learned (Rus) that one of Russia's biggest moonshine fans is none other than Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, who produces his own samogon to gift to VIP guests (it features a bear on the label — 'medved' is the Russian for bear).
Alcohol is — and will remain — an important part of Russian culture, but the WHO study shows very clearly that drinking patterns are undergoing rapid change.
Start-up launches sale of humanoid robots
Perm-based company Promobot has begun the sale of robots built to resemble any human requested by the client. The 'Robo-C' humanoids, which cost up to $46,440, can hold a conversation and move their eyes, eyebrows, lips and facial 'muscles' — although the rest of the body is immobile. While the company says it anticipates Robo-Cs will be used in museums, shops or as office assistants, Promobot's development director Oleg Kivokurov told The Bell they had a request from a bereaved father to create a robot looking like his dead son (the company has yet to decide whether to accept the order). Since being founded in 2015, Promobot has sold 500 androids in 35 countries: in Russia their clients include the Moscow Metro and state-owned bank Sberbank. Earlier this year, Robo-C made headlines when it was used to present the news on a leading state-owned TV channel.
Who are the two new Russians sanctioned by the U.S.?
There were two new Russian names — Denis Kuzmin and Igor Nesterov — in the sanctions announced by the U.S. on Monday in response to alleged Russian interference in last year's midterms. Aside from an apparent affiliation with the Internet Research Agency (which runs the St. Petersburg-based 'troll farm'), little is known about either man. But The Bell has been able to piece together some background. According to sources, the 28-year old Kuzmin studied in St. Petersburg and spent several years promoting pro-Kremlin media organizations online, even taking part in a 2011 meeting with then-President Dmitry Medvedev. Later, he worked for a media outlet owned by Yevgeny Prigozhin, the founder of the Internet Research Agency who is known as Putin's cook. In one incident, a source said Kuzmin tried to pass on information intended to compromise Lyudmila Savchuk, an activist who worked undercover at the Internet Research Agency before going public with her experience. Less is known about the second man, Nesterov, but sources said he was often seen with Kuzmin.
Anastasia Stognei
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Transsexuality is not seen as a disorder by itself but rather as a common final stage of different dispositions and developments, with the common core of disordered, conflicting gender identity, and the common transsexual desire for "gender reassignment".
Proceeding on the ascertainable increase in frequency in the past 15 years we wonder whether some sort of collaboration between psychological and surgical medicine and persons with identity disorders may not have been conducive to the transsexual desire at the expense of a thorough study of the phenomenon as well as psychotherapeutic possibilities.
Under this aspect it is analyzed and depicted which the dimensions of transsexual experience are, what constitutes the personality of transsexuals, and how the development toward transsexuality takes its course. Subsequently there is a critical analysis of the "fulfillment" of the transsexual desire under the transsexuality-law and by means of physical-medical measures. A study of case histories and follow-ups at hand reveals whether the desire for gender reassignment has indeed been fulfilled.
In conclusion the recent critical re-orientation toward psychotherapy for transsexuals as a method to control psychic disorders by psychic means is corroborated, albeit its chances may be viewed rather skeptically in the light of the present boom of gender reassignment operations.


text:
Adah M.M
Author on Reedsy Prompts since Jul, 2020
"and every chapter must come to an end" by Adah M.M
TW TW: heavy discussion of suicide, suicidal ideation Waking up today had felt like a daze to Aira. Her almost bare room which contained only the barest necessity was cold and threatening. Her eyes moves to the books packed at the edge of her bed and a bile immediately rises up her throat. It reminded her of what she dreaded the most, graduation. The thought of leaving university and moving to the outside world where she had nothing and nobody scared her. To most people, Four years is a very long tim...
"Funeral rites" by Adah M.M
It had been twenty-four years since she'd last seen it, but the place looked exactly the same. Not even the decor had changed. She had told herself that coming here would help to soothe the pain and anger she felt but standing here, in the hall that would serve as her father's funeral hall, she felt nothing at all. She walked through the hall, avoiding the curious gaze people threw her way. It was no surp...
"Continuance" by Adah M.M
"It will be fun. Just me, you and a bunch of dead folks singing out to the moon." says Alec "In a cemetery ? There are much saner ways to celebrate an anniversary. Like going to the park or movies or something like that" Jane exclaims "I know but it's October. The month of the spooky and spookay" Alec says jumping and making weird signs with his hands. Jane laughs and...
"One Body for you, One Body for me" by Adah M.M
With intensity, he furiously tries to scrub the blood off his hands. His mind was already in a state of overdrive, desperately trying to sort what was real and what was fake and who was responsible for killing Rachel. Was it him or her ? **********"One body for you and one for me, I take the leg and you take the head,Blood will flow, the flow is blood,One body for you and one for me" a ...
"The problem with dedicating songs" by Adah M.M
Life is one big ball of disappointed.Nothing ever goes according to plan. Good things always happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people. The rest of us that are in between what do we get ? The answer is nothing. Most skills that come naturally to others often seem to elude me. I've been told several times to work on my social skills. To learn to interact with other humans properly. To learn the simple act of communication but it isn't simple or easy if you're like me.
"The Final Blessing" by Adah M.M
Standing in front of the little cottage that she was to spend the weekend in filled her with dread. When she was younger,any excuse to drift off for an impromptu holiday always made her giddy with excitement. Now every form of holiday were just cringe worthy and soul grinding. Something evil always seemed to follow holidays. With a sigh,she drags her luggage to the front door,she was sure everyone was already inside.Everything was still in it's place like the last time she was here. Well, almost eve...
"Without You" by Adah M.M
Trigger warning: depictions of suicide. The Earth is rotating. The sun is shining . The awful plant that sits on the window sill is blooming. The pills you nearly OD'ed are scattered on the floor. Your friends slash self appointed therapists are going to be banging your door soon. You like taking notes of things like this. It's the only way you can keep up with life. One more thing, Death evaded you last night. Jumping from a fire escape can be considered stupid and suicidal but you don't care. You'...
"You" by Adah M.M
Love isn't a foreign word word to you. You have fallen in love so many times that you can count. Your heart has been shattered a lot. It never stopped you. With a teary smile, you pick the pieces of your heart. In less than a minute, you're ready to give it out to the next person. You're really brave stupid sometimes. Love isn't a foreign word to me either. Unlike you, I have fallen in love once and it w...
"Home" by Adah M.M
The stars are twinkling and shining; filling the earth with their beauty. It was a pity she was yet to grasps the beauty. She raises her hand as she tries to remember the names of some stars, maybe the weird circle one was Orion's belt or something, she doesn't remember.She looks at her twin children, the happiness that exudes from them is enough to make her laugh. Like their father, Jones, they love looking at the stars. Whenever they went star watching, Jones would pick out two distinct star and name them after their c...
"Dream" by Adah M.M
It was raining heavily, the streets were all flooded and the wind blew everything like an infernal tornado. There was no doubt that the electricity would be out, the cables wouldn't be able to withstand the storm. She checks the time on her wristwatch, it was a little past eight and no one except her was crazy enough to be outside, not even the homeless man who usually sat by the bus stop. None of this mattered to her, she was going to be late and he was certainly going to punish her. He always did so whe...
" Broken" by Adah M.M
Breathe in , breathe out, breathe in, breathe out. This was the technique Mama taught her, she told her it would help whenever she felt nervous.For the first time, Mama had been wrong. She wasn't feeling better. She felt like she was going to throw up and faint. She needed to leave the house.The only place that seemed quiet enough was the treehouse, James had built it for their daughter when she got into middle school but now it seemed like she was too busy jumping in and out of trouble with her friends to use...
"Even if you're not the one" by Adah M.M
There are so many things wrong with the world, from the government, to the economy, to the pandemic that was currently trying to eliminate half of the world's population, to his neighbor; the sixty nine year old woman who always nagged him when he threw his thrash in her bin, he doesn't get her problem. All in all, nothing was okay, he hadn't been working for almost three months, it was by grace that he hadn't been kicked out of his house, he doesn't even know how he was going to feed the next month, he had bi...
"For everything, there is a season" by Adah M.M
Time is a fleeting concept, it never waits for anyone, your person or issues doesn't concern it, it fulfills it's only mission which is to move and push the world to it's end. She had read on a website the various type of people who were wrapped in the veil called time, it had stated that they were humans who keep on pursuing time despite failing numerously, there were those who tire out and decide to accept their present destination as their final stop and they were the lucky ones, those who always had time by their side, they didn't hav...
Adah M.M has not written a bio yet!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Los 'paches son un platillo típico de Guatemala muy parecido al tamal, pero éste es realizado con masa de papa.
El término paches viene de su forma aplastada o pache que tienen los mismos. Receta centenaria de Quetzaltenango.
Los paches son parecidos a los tamalitos de maíz y a los tamales de carne o tamales de arroz.

Sus orígenes son del departamento guatemalteco Quetzaltenango.

Esta receta se ha extendido a lo largo de los años a otros departamentos, modificando así su receta.
Se tiende a confundir la receta de los paches con los tradicionales tamales de carne. Los cuales son de masa de maíz. Como por ejemplo en oriente les llaman tamales de carne y contienen lo tradicional, mas Chile jalapeño u otros y queso que se derrite, lo comen con limón en algunos lugares, tortilla o pan, etc.

(Dado que en Quetzaltenango se come tamalitos de maíz para acompañar las comidas, entonces se le llama tamal sólo a los que son de masa de maíz, aunque en otros lugares le llaman tamal a los hechos de Arroz, cual es el término correcto.

La receta original se ha modificado dependiendo de los gustos locales los cuales pueden llevar chile o no llevarlo.

En la ciudad de Quetzaltenango aún se puede encontrar con su sabor y nombre original, con los lugares marcados con un farol rojo o luz roja indicando donde los venden.

Gastronomía de Guatemala

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: What is wrong with the next sibling of the textarea? When this script is inserted into HTML document, it causes the strange behaviour. The shown textarea element losts its value after the
 tag insertion (I've tested it in the Chrome 42):
var text = document.createElement("textarea");
document.body.appendChild(text);
text.value = "text";
alert("value presents");
document.body.innerHTML += "
"; //(*)
alert("value absents");

What is the reason for this?

A: The innerHTML property is a sledgehammer.
By calling document.body.innerHTML += '
' what you have done is removed every element from the  and replaced them with brand new elements that happen to share the same structure.
The value property was set on the original <textarea> but the brand new one never had its value property set.
If all you want to do is append a
 element, create one and append it through the DOM api:
var br = document.createElement('br');
document.body.appendChild(br);

A: What you are doing when you are using the += operator like this:
document.body.innerHTML += "
";

is the same as:
document.body.innerHTML = document.body.innerHTML + "
";

So you are taking all the elements in the body and convert to HTML code, append some more HTML code, and then turn it into elements again.
When you get the HTML code for an element, you only get the original HTML code that it was created from, not the current values. The text inside the text area is reset to what it was when it was created, i.e. before you set the value property.
To add an element you should rather create it and append it. That won't disrupt the elements that are already there:
var br = document.createElement("br");
document.body.appendChild(br);

A: Change this:
document.body.innerHTML += "
";

to this:
document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("br"));

This will append a single new element to the DOM rather that replace the entire contents of your DOM with all new elements.
When you do this:
document.body.innerHTML += "
";

it is the equivalent of this:
var str = document.body.innerHTML;
str += "
";
document.body.innerHTML = str;

So, you are turning the entire body DOM into an HTML string, adding one thing onto the end of the string, then replacing the entire body DOM with a new piece of HTML which will create all new elements.
Besides the inefficiency of doing it this way, it also replaces all the DOM elements with different DOM elements so any DOM references or event handlers are now broken and any dynamic changes you made to DOM elements that aren't reflected in the HTML will be lost.

A: so why don't you do this
document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("br"));

so there is still a security risk whenever you use innerHTML to set strings over which you have no control. For example:
  var name = "";
  el.innerHTML = name; // shows the alert
  For that reason, it is recommended you not use innerHTML when inserting plain text; instead, use node.textContent. This doesn't interpret the passed content as HTML, but instead inserts it as raw text.

read for details here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Independent Plumbing is located at the address 10S180 Meadow Ln in Naperville, Illinois 60564. They can be contacted via phone at (630) 420-0006 for pricing, hours and directions.
For maps and directions to Independent Plumbing view the map to the right. For reviews of Independent Plumbing see below.


text:
Q: What is the adjective for "sent down" or "descend"? The only word I found is descendant but this is often used for people, and I want to use the word for objects. Is there an adjective or alternative I can use if I want to say sent down, brought down as an adjective? It seems the word descended does not exist.

A: OP shouldn't worry about the fact that descendant is often used of people. That Wikipedia disambiguation page lists several alternatives, of which the last two may match OP's context.
Google gives a lot of hits for "a descendant class", few of which involve people.
Plus, as Bill comments, a descended [testicle/larynx/god/etc.] is perfectly normal English.
For OP's context (things which have been sent/brought down), perhaps lowered would suit.
The semantic differences there are mainly that a descendant normally derives from a "parent". Things which are descended usually got there by themselves (or by accident), whereas if something is lowered, this normally implies that someone (or something) actively caused it to go down.
We don't really have OP's full context, but as Andrew comments below, floored sometimes works. As do felled, downcast, saddened, ousted, humbled, in various related contexts.


text:
Powder Metallurgy Review
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LECO highlights metallographic preparation process
Sample preparation is critical to accurately performing metallographic analysis (Courtesy LECO)
LECO, a global provider of analytical equipment and services headquartered in St. Joseph, Michigan, USA, has published a series of pre-recorded webinars that highlight key considerations for successful material analysis. Included in the webinars is a presentation on the metallographic preparation and analysis of carburised steel, along with an overview of the process.
To accurately perform metallographic analysis of a sample, explains LECO, its preparation is critical. The microstructure and hardness of the sample have to be identified, and the analyser has to be able to trust that what they are seeing is what is actually there, and not just something inadvertently created in the preparation stages.
LECO states that proper metallographic preparation of a sample such as carburised steel has five or six steps, depending on the type of analysis required. The steps include:
Sectioning – to provide a workable cross-section exposing the area to be analysed
Mounting – where the sample is secured in an appropriate mounting material that allows for sharp edge retention and will grind away at the same rate as the sample in future preparation steps
Grinding – to create a flat and even surface
Polishing – to remove the deeper scratches left by the rougher grinding abrasives
Etching – if analysing the microstructure of your sample this is done immediately after polishing, to prevent oxidation
Dave Coulston, LECO's Corporate Metallurgist, explains that the etching stage is best performed in several smaller steps. He noted, "You can't unbake a cake. If you over-etch a sample, there is no going back."
Whether or not a sample is etched, states the company, the metallographic analysis is the final step. Through hardness testing or microscopic image analysis, more of the makeup of a sample can be revealed.
Coulston explains the metallographic preparation and analysis process in more detail in these webinars on steel analysis.
www.leco.com
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As well as an extensive Powder Metallurgy industry news section, this 88-page issue includes the following exclusive articles and reports:
Arcast: A decade of innovation and a bright future for metal powder atomisation
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JPMA Awards 2020: A showcase of innovation in PM for new and existing applications
Understanding how the surface area of metal powders influences Additive Manufacturing
Euro PM2020: PM functional materials in energy management and magnetic applications
Japan's Kyocera Corporation has announced that it will begin construction of a new research and development centre in January 2021 at its Kokubu campus in Kirishima City, Kagoshima, Japan»
Rusal America, Rye Brook, New York, USA, has expanded its aluminium product offerings to include a range of aluminium powders suitable for Additive Manufacturing applications»
The European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA) has issued a reminder that the deadline for abstract submissions for presentations at its Euro PM2021 Congress & Exhibition will close on January 2...»
A global semiconductor shortage is reported to be causing a number of automotive manufacturers to cut back on vehicle production, despite growing demand following the coronavirus (COVID-19)»
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Powder Metallurgy: The original net-shape production process
Powder Metallurgy components are relied upon by a wide variety of manufacturing industries, from automotive to power tools, household appliances, chemical engineering, filtration and more.
The main reason for the technology's success is its cost-effectiveness at producing high volumes of net-shape components, combined with its ability to allow the manufacture of products that, because of the production processes, simply cannot be manufactured by other methods.
To discover more about how the technology has revolutionised component production, browse our Introduction to Powder Metallurgy.
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› Weekend
The circus around the 'chowkidar'
By Veenu Sandhu | Last Updated at March 23 2019 10:50 IST
Having grown up largely in army cantonments, I encountered the chowkidar rather late in life. The first time I heard his shrill whistle piercing the night was at a family friend's home in Chandigarh when I had just finished school. A watchman blowing the whistle and tapping a bamboo stick on the road as he walked past the house took some getting used to, but the sound eventually became reassuring. And I'd go to sleep secure in the belief that he was there, awake, alert and watchful.
The chowkidar in the colony where I now live would also move around armed with a whistle and a bamboo stick. Along the way he'd check every car and alert the owner if he found one that was unlocked. He'd stand there till the owner locked it and then proceed on his rounds with his high-pitched whistle.
Now all of this was very comforting. The only problem was that there were still thefts. First, some kid's bicycle got stolen from one part of the colony. Then a few car batteries got pinched. And so on. This started bothering the residents a bit. They had put their faith in the chowkidar and had expected him to do his job diligently. And though he had created an illusion of security, there were thefts. Perhaps the thieves were too clever for him. Perhaps the area he had been put in charge of was too large for him to monitor.
Whatever the reason, a few residents decided to do something about it. They turned their attention to the dark and dimly lit areas of the colony and got the streetlights there fixed. The chowkidar could continue going about checking cars, but with everything now lit up, the deterrence for thieves was greater.
At the beginning of every month, the chowkidar and the occasional thefts under this watch. A bicycle here, a few car batteries there, weren't a big deal after all, they felt.
But the thing is that trust is the bedrock of a chowkidar's job. And if what he provides is largely the illusion of security, then he needs to up his act. He also needs to keep a watch on each and every part of the area he is entrusted with supervising, especially the vulnerable ones. He cannot be overly vigilant of some areas and casual about others.
Also, just having a shrill whistle does not qualify one to become a chowkidar for their own sake, the way some residents in my colony did by lighting up the vulnerable areas.
But there is a larger issue here: of the farce being enacted in the name of the chowkidar, an underpaid and overworked unskilled labourer who works at least 12 hours a day, seven days a week and earns between Rs 5,000 and Rs 9,000 a month — a fraction of the minimum wage in most states. Two of the country's largest political parties, the Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party, are competing with each other to form the next government on ridiculous slogans around this worker whose own future shows little hope of improvement.
The real chowkidar is the proverbial poor man that Mahatma Gandhi gave his "talisman" for: if in doubt about a contemplated action, ask if it will bring a smile to the faces of the poorest. He is the last man in the queue that Deen Dayal Upadhyaya, whom the BJP worships, said that the politics of upliftment should benefit. But their followers are busy in an absurd fight of one-upmanship in this poor man's name, waging an election war on social media instead of telling us what they will do to make his life better if we vote them to power — or how they plan to address the real issues that affect us.
Back in 2014, the BJP launched a focused campaign that rested on din (good days) ahead. It was a campaign of hope. Today, what we are seeing is a circus in which we are being treated as jokers. And what's scary is that we are allowing them to do so.
veenu.sandhu@bsmail.in
Read our full coverage on Lok Sabha elections 2019
First Published: Fri,March 22 2019 21:35 IST
Prev » Kesari thrusts a forgotten battle into popular consciousness: What it means
Congress mocks BJP's 'chowkidar' campaign, struggles for own tagline
Modi terms quota bill as 'historic', warns against opposition rumour mills
GST Council meet today: PM Modi wants exemption limit raised to Rs 75 lakh
Chowkidar effect: BJP mops up bulk of private security donations


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This quantity, according to prior volumes, provides us with state-of-the-art contributions of significant value. the 1st paper offers over a hundred compounds bought from Broussonetia spp., and discusses organic actions. this can be by means of comparable contributions facing the genus Licania and Ginkgo biloba. extra papers describe intimately a few fascinating and significant usual compounds or structural periods: retinoids, tetramic acid metabolites, isoprenylated flavonoids, plant polyphenols, crocin, marcfortine and paraherquamide, acaricides, podolactones, triterpene glycosides and sulfur-containing marine compounds. an extra paper specializes in the antitumor actions of lipids, and a last contribution offers with traditional product amelioration of melanoma chemotherapy-induced antagonistic reactions.
This can be a vital e-book for researchers in electrochemistry; it covers components of either basic and sensible significance, with experiences of top quality. the cloth is especially good awarded and the alternative of themes displays a balanced editorial coverage that's welcomed.
Benefit from sludge The processing of wastewater sludge to be used or disposal has been a continuous problem for municipal organisations. but, whensludge is correctly processed, the ensuing nutrient-rich product--biosolids--can be a invaluable source for agriculture and different makes use of. Wastewater Sludge Processing brings jointly a large physique of information from the sphere to envision how you can successfully approach sludge to harvest its advantages, but safeguard public wellbeing and fitness.
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This is accessed via an SVL function. The default scheme is called PCH (Polarity-Charged-Hydrophobicity). g. PlanarPolar-Charged-Hydrophobicity . If the structural information of a receptor is not available, molecule alignments can be performed using an all-atom flexible alignment procedure that combines a force field and a 3D similarity function based on Gaussian descriptions of shape and pharmacophore features to produce an ensemble of possible alignments of a collection of small molecules .
2 Catalyst Catalyst®  was launched 1992 by BioCAD (now Accelrys) as a tool for automated pharmacophore pattern recognition in a collection of compounds based on chemical features correlated with three-dimensional structure and biological activity data. Catalyst models (hypotheses) consist of sets of abstract chemical features arranged at certain positions in the three-dimensional space. g. hydrophobic, H-bond donor, H-bond acceptor, positive ionizable, negative ionizable. Except in some special cases, different chemical groups that lead to the same type of interaction, and thus to the same type of biological effect, 27 28 2 Pharmacophore Model Generation Software Tools are handled as equivalent.
Privileged structures – an update. Rep. Med. Chem. 2000, 35, 289–298. 4 Sheridan, R. , Miller, M. , A method for visualizing recurrent topological substructures in sets of active molecules. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1998, 38, 915–924. 11 12 1 Pharmacophores: Historical Perspective and Viewpoint from a Medicinal Chemist 5 Thompson, L. , Ellman, J. , Synthesis 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 and applications of small molecule libraries. Chem. Rev. 1966, 96, 555–600. Wermuth, C. , Search for new lead compounds: the example of the chemical and pharmacological dissection of aminopyridazines.


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Standard Bank Sees First-Half Earnings Falling 20% on Virus
Stefania Bianchi
Jun 01 2020, 11:56 AM Jun 01 2020, 12:12 PM June 01 2020, 11:56 AM June 01 2020, 12:12 PM
(Bloomberg) -- Standard Bank Group Ltd. expects first-half earnings to be more than 20% lower this year as the fallout of the coronavirus pandemic takes its toll on Africa's largest lender.
The bank said it anticipates headline earnings per share and earnings per share will be lower than the 837.4 cents and of 827 cents reported a year earlier, it said in a statement on Monday.
Standard Bank Profit Drops as Virus Spurs More Loan Defaults
The lender will issue a further trading statement with more specific guidance ranges once there is reasonable certainty regarding the extent of the decline, it said.
In April, Standard Bank said first-quarter net income declined 27% as it prepared for a surge in loan defaults as measures to contain the coronavirus batter business and personal incomes alike.
Loan growth in the first four months was "robust"
Common equity tier one ratio was 12.9% and liquidity coverage ratio was 141.9% at end March
Remains well-capitalized and liquid. Based on scenario analysis, the group's capital ratios are expected to remain strong
Not planning to declare an FY20 interim ordinary dividend in line with Prudential Authority's guidance
1H results expected to be released on Aug. 20
Stay Updated With OnWeb News On BloombergQuint


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Josh Coutts is the lead designer for the Victoria Hand Project (VHP), a nonprofit based in the UVic's Biomedical Design and Systems Lab headed by mechanical engineer Nikolai Dechev. The VHP helps amputees in developing nations by providing them with low-cost, highly functional and custom-fitted 3D-printed, upper-limb prostheses. Photo: Jake Farmer.
What will you do with your engineering or computer science degree?
John is available to meet with students, whether in the co-op program or not.
Visit learninginmotion.uvic.ca for more information or to book an appointment.


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Former Dean Theodore Lockwood mourned
Theodore "Ted" Davidge Lockwood, former dean, provost and professor of history, passed away Jan. 21, 2019 at his home in Stowe, Vt. He was 94.
At Union from 1964 to 1968, Lockwood is credited with curricular reform, the trimester calendar and expanding the arts program. He served first under President Carter Davidson, then President Harold Martin.
He led the development of a general education curriculum called Comprehensive Education. He re-aligned the academic administration to create two centers with deans, one for the humanities and social sciences, the other for science and engineering. The design, he said, would create "an administrative structure that cuts across those barriers separating one discipline from another." He combined Music, Art and Drama into a Department of the Arts with shared facilities and a departmental major, according to the Encyclopedia of Union College History (Wayne Somers, ed.)
In a citation from the Board of Trustees, Lockwood "brought to Union College a fine talent for administration, the courage to break molds, and the tenacity that was largely instrumental in making new ones."
He left Union to assume the presidency of his alma mater, Trinity College, serving there until 1981. He then served as founding president of the United World College of the American West in Montezuma, New Mexico, from 1982 to 1993.
The son of a Dartmouth professor, he was born in Hanover, N.H., and lived for many years in Hartford, Conn., when his father taught at Trinity. He entered Trinity in 1942 but left the following year to serve with the Army 10th Mountain Division in the Italian campaign during World War II.
He held a bachelor's in history from Trinity, and earned his master's and Ph.D. in modern European history from Princeton University.
Before coming to Union, he taught at Trinity, Dartmouth, MIT and Juniata College. At Concord College in Athens, W.V., he transitioned from teaching into administration.
Survivors include his wife, the former Lucille "Lu" Abbot and several children. He was predeceased by his wife, Elizabeth, in 1980.
A memorial is planned for Saturday, Feb. 9, at noon at Stowe Community Church, 137 Main Street, Stowe, Vt.
A full obituary is here.


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from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.apps import AppConfig

class OperacionConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'operacion'
    verbose_name = 'Operación'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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How Socialists from the '60s Primed Millennials to Feel the Bern
By Stanley Kurtz
Bernie Sanders and his young supporters say, "No worries, we're democraticsocialists." Outsiders say, "No problem, they barely know what socialism is." Others see Sanders's movement as a passing response to an economic downturn.
All of this is largely mistaken. Modern American socialism is decidedly undemocratic; its young acolytes are far less ignorant of socialism than they appear; and contemporary socialism is more of a religious than an economic phenomenon. Distracted by the disturbing rise of Donald Trump, liberals and conservatives alike are responding far too complacently to a recrudescent socialist movement that is destined to harm our democracy.
Today's socialism is a direct descendant of the student radicalism of the 1960s. Sixties radicals were enthusiasts of violent, socialist revolution. Ostensibly democratic in their preference for consensus-based decision-making, the radicals favored authoritarian "self-criticism sessions," precursors to modern-day political correctness. As the passions of the '60s cooled, the radicals placed revolutionary hopes on hold and flooded into two professions: community organizing and academia.
Saul Alinsky-style community organizing is a form of incremental socialism. Instead of overthrowing capitalism, Alinskyites "confront power" and "attack targets" (like conservative politicians or "capitalist" donors to conservative causes). Instead of nationalizing banks, Alinskyite groups intimidate banks into programs of financial redistribution. This ideologically reticent, yet still self-consciously socialist world was President Obama's milieu. He has helped to popularize and legitimate it.
America's leading community organizers of the '70s and '80s worked closely with Michael Harrington, then America's most respected democratic socialist. Although they adopted Harrington's rhetorical commitment to democracy, most let slip in private that violent revolution was their long-term hope and democracy merely a tactic. Harrington himself made a similar admission in 1967. Even Marx once adopted democratic gradualism as an expedient. Yet the very structure of Marx's thought was irreconcilable with liberal democracy, and this is no less true of socialism today.
Classic socialism is commonplace in academia, yet the many neo-Marxist approaches to gender, race, ethnicity and the environment are more influential. Marx saw religion, individual liberty and the rule of law as masks for the interests of the capitalist class. He aimed to puncture the proletariat's belief in these comforting myths by exposing the exploitative nature of the system. Thus disillusioned, workers would seize power by force.
Marx's intellectual descendants in the academy write off individual liberty and the classic American narrative as masks for the power of wealthy white European males. They point to "systemic oppression" to justify group preferences and their attacks on the free speech of the "privileged."
Postmodern thinking expands this debunking critique. Yet knowing of socialism's despotic tendencies, postmodernists have abandoned Marx's Utopian vision. They drift toward nihilism and paralysis instead.
This cocktail of neo-Marxism, multiculturalism and postmodernism has long since migrated from colleges to our high schools. The popularity of Howard Zinn's Marxist-inspired rendering of American history is the clearest example, but the College Board's Advanced Placement history courses draw on the same broad ethos.
So while Sanders's millennial supporters may not be able to define socialism or recount its despotic legacy, they have absorbed its debunking critique of our democratic liberties and are drawn to the hardball tactics of its organizer-activists.
Sixties socialism was a phenomenon of affluence. Amidst a fraying social fabric, the first generation that could afford mass higher education was pulled from family and community at the brink of adulthood. Leftist protest movements served as antidotes to the alienation. The Vietnam draft was a factor, but the '60s ethos also spread through Europe, where there was no draft.
Economic stresses are a factor today, yet socialism remains a creature of affluence and alienation. Years of postgraduate education and delayed marriage drive isolation and secularism, and also the yearning for a substitute secular faith. It was only a matter of time before postmodern pessimism gave way to Utopian yearnings once again.
The upper-middle-class climate-warriors at the heart of Sanders's movement imagine themselves victims of a world-destroying capitalist conspiracy. Incremental nationalization of the energy industry is their path to global salvation; nor is the silencing of climate dissenters too high a price to pay. Other Sanders socialists aim to shut down Trump rallies. This is not democracy but a return of authoritarian socialism, the most seductive secular religion that history has ever known.
Stanley Kurtz is a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center and author of "Radical-in-Chief: Barack Obama and the Untold Story of American Socialism."
DeSantis's Triumph, Kemp's Test
Stanley Kurtz
If we are going to save the culture, it will take serious pushback against the powers that be.
National Review Online / December 27, 2022
The Missing Link in American History
The square, boring, long-overlooked 19th century Midwest turns out to be the missing link in American history.
National Review Online / November 21, 2022
Stealth CRT in Biden's Budget
Republican elected leaders need to wake up and stop being fooled by superficially appealing proposals like community schools and "civics."
National Review Online / October 31, 2022
Neo-Marxing the College Board with AP African American Studies
APAAS clearly proselytizes for a socialist transformation of the United States, although its socialism is heavily inflected by attention to race and ethnicity.
National Review Online / September 13, 2022
Always see the latest from Stanley Kurtz and other EPPC Scholars. Sign up for EPPC Briefly!


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This InfoPage in unregistered, if this is your news page register Office of the Children's Commissioner for InfoPages here.
Office of the Children's Commissioner - Latest News [Page 2]
Families package welcome news at Christmas
Thursday, 14 December 2017, 2:22 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
"We welcome the Families Package announced today and we hope it will make a big difference to the lives of many New Zealand children", said Children's Commissioner Andrew Becroft. More >>
Child Poverty Monitor 2017: Sustainable Improvements Needed
Thursday, 7 December 2017, 8:30 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
The growth in child poverty has been halted and relevant indicators are dropping, says the Children's Commissioner on release of the latest Child Poverty Monitor data. However, sustained progress is needed so that all children have the same opportunities ... More >>
Time to make world-leading family group conferences reality
Friday, 1 December 2017, 1:38 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Time to make world-leading family group conferences a reality: Children's Commissioner The Children's Commissioner has called for significant change and improvement in the way Family Group Conferences (FGCs) are prepared for and conducted for both care ... More >>
A new chapter for children's rights in New Zealand?
Monday, 13 November 2017, 12:43 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
The Children's Commissioner is calling on the country to embrace children's rights to ensure their overall well-being. More >>
Report shows the way to improve the lives of all children
Thursday, 15 June 2017, 8:53 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Report shows the way to improve the lives of all children and young people 15 June 2017 More >>
Budget 2017 good news for Kiwi kids
Friday, 26 May 2017, 2:45 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
The Family Incomes Package revealed in Budget 2017 has been welcomed by the Children's Commissioner as good news for children living in families experiencing severe poverty. More >>
Budget 2017 provides more assurance for kids in care
Thursday, 25 May 2017, 3:23 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Media release – Budget 2017 provides more assurance for kids in care 25 May 2017 More funding for independent monitoring has been hailed by the Children's Commissioner as a significant step forward for children in the care and protection and youth justice ... More >>
Time to start moving on outdated children's residences
Monday, 15 May 2017, 8:51 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
The conditions for children in many of New Zealand's secure residences are prison-like, dated and bleak, and it's time to move on better alternatives, Children's Commissioner Andrew Becroft says. More >>
New Zealand and Canterbury rugby to be applauded
Wednesday, 3 May 2017, 10:13 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Children's Commissioner Andrew Becroft is congratulating the New Zealand and Canterbury rugby unions on a new approach to work better with young players accused of misconduct. More >>
UN-funded report another reason to stop locking children up
Thursday, 27 April 2017, 9:48 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Children's Commissioner Andrew Becroft says a new United Nations-funded report is more compelling evidence why New Zealand should stop locking children in police cells. More >>
Once in a lifetime opportunity to do better for NZ children
Friday, 31 March 2017, 11:39 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
The Children's Commissioner says there will never be a better chance in our lifetimes to improve the lives of the children and young people who need it most than with the launch of the new Oranga Tamariki. More >>
Children's Commissioner: UN report must be taken seriously
Sunday, 9 October 2016, 9:23 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Children's Commissioner says UN report must be taken seriously 9 October 2016 For immediate release Children's Commissioner Judge Andrew Becroft says he welcomes the latest UN report outlining how well New Zealand is upholding children's rights ... More >>
State of Care 2016: move to child-centred culture now
Monday, 20 June 2016, 10:13 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Moving to a more child-centred culture within Child, Youth and Family can and must start now if we want to see better outcomes for children currently in careand build a strong platform for the reforms to come, says Children's Commissioner Dr Russell ... More >>
Vulnerable children deserve this radical change
Thursday, 7 April 2016, 2:39 pm | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills welcomes today's announcement on the proposed radical changes to the child protection and care system. More >>
"This Bill is shameful" – Children's Commissioner
Wednesday, 17 February 2016, 9:25 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills has described a bill originally intended to improve the poor quality of rental housing as "shameful". More >>
Child Poverty Monitor 2015 released
Tuesday, 15 December 2015, 8:20 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
This year's Child Poverty Monitor has a simple message for New Zealand about the high number of children living in poverty: "It's not choice." More >>
"These are our children too" - Children's Commissioner
Thursday, 24 September 2015, 9:31 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills today welcomed the interim report from the Modernising Child, Youth and Family Expert Panel. "The report makes sad reading, but sets out sets out a promising platform for the next stage of reform - with children ... More >>
Children's Commissioner releases first State of Care report
Thursday, 27 August 2015, 8:31 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills today released his Office's first public annual report on the service Child, Youth and Family provides to our most vulnerable children. More >>
Children's Commissioner – "Budget a surprise but not a plan"
Children's Commissioner – "Budget a surprise but not a plan" "I'm surprised" says Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills following today's Budget announcement. "I wasn't expecting Government to increase incomes for the poorest families with ... More >>
No better time to track progress on poverty
Tuesday, 2 December 2014, 8:53 am | Office of the Children's Commissioner
Today's release of the second annual Child Poverty Monitor shows a slight reduction in the number of children living in income poverty but reveals Kiwi kids are still more than twice as likely to be in poverty than our senior citizens. More >>


The Cultural Activities and Chinese Language Class introduces children in grades 2 through 4 to Tai Chi, singing in Chinese, using chopsticks, paper cutting, plum blossom ink painting, Chinese calligraphy, and painting Beijing opera masks. Students also learn basic words and sentences in Mandarin Chinese. The class is held at Soaring Heights Charter School every Friday and is led by instructors from New Jersey City University, Ms. Lichang Zhang and Mr. Xuyang Jiang.


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China releases Early Rain house church member after 12 days in jail
CP World | Monday, August 29, 2022
Early Rain Covenant Church in China | Facebook/Early Rain Covenant Church
China's Early Rain Covenant Church says one of its members, who was arrested in a raid during a recent worship service and suffered while in detention due to his medical condition, has been released on bail and had a celebratory dinner with his family.
Xing Hongwei, who was arrested on Aug. 14 after more than 20 police officers in uniform and plainclothes from the Wuhou district raided the Chengdu-based ERCC while its members were holding worship at a tea shop, was released on bail pending his trial last Friday, the U.S.-based persecution watchdog International Christian Concern said.
The heavily persecuted ERCC announced Xing's release in a prayer request update, saying the house church's members accompanied his wife, Zhao Qing, to the Jinhuaqiao Police Station to bring him home. There, he celebrated his release with dinner with his family.
During the 12 days of detention, Xing suffered physically due to his post-meningitis recovery. Still, his faith in God became firmer during that time, the church said, adding that he also jokingly said that he successfully went on a diet, which he could not have achieved if "outside."
Xing expressed his gratitude for the concern his church and friends had for him during his detention and for the legal defense provided by his lawyers.
During the raid, the church members, about 60 in number, were locked inside the building and released only after they provided their identification. Xing was arrested because he refused to comply with authorities' demands.
The police said ERCC was ordered to disband and the gathering was illegal.
Open Doors USA, which monitors the persecution of Christians in over 60 countries, estimates that China has more than 97 million Christians, many of whom worship in unregistered or "illegal" underground churches.
The five state-sanctioned religious groups in China are the Buddhist Association of China, the Chinese Taoist Association, the Islamic Association of China, the Protestant Three-Self Patriotic Movement and the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association.
"China's ongoing crackdown against ERCC is the prime example of how Beijing continues to disregard religious freedom for its people even if the Constitution guarantees this right," said Gina Goh, ICC's regional manager for Southeast Asia, at the time.
"Since the incarceration of ERCC Pastor Wang Yi and elder Qing Derfu in 2018, the government has not ceased its harassment and persecution of the house church. The government's goal is to see all house churches go extinct so they can fully control Christianity in China."
Even the organizations affiliated with the five authorized religions can be subject to surveillance and limitations.
ICC documented more than 100 incidents of Christian persecution in China between July 2020 and June 2021 as the country's communist regime sought to forcefully convert independent religious groups into mechanisms of the Chinese Communist Party.
Trial date set for Cardinal Joseph Zen, longtime critic of China's communist regime
Police in China raid Early Rain house church, lock doors to prevent members from leaving
Chinese authorities shut down historic house church over refusal to join state-controlled movement


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Arts and humanities World history Beginnings - 600 BCE The origin of humans and early human societies
The origin of humans and early human societies
History and prehistory
Prehistory before written records
Practice: Knowing prehistory
Homo sapiens and early human migration
Peopling the earth
Practice: Where did humans come from?
Paleolithic societies
Paleolithic technology, culture, and art
Organizing paleolithic societies
Practice: Paleolithic life
Practice: The origin of humans and early human societies
The Neolithic Revolution and the birth of agriculture
Current time:0:00Total duration:10:48
Arts and humanities·World history·Beginnings - 600 BCE·The origin of humans and early human societies
- [Instructor] Anatomically modern human beings have been on this planet for roughly 200,000 years. And even though that's a small fraction of the amount of time the Earth has been around, which is over 4 billion years, on a human scale it's an incredibly long amount of time. Just to put it in perspective, if this is present time, if you wanted to put, when was the Roman Empire? Well, if we're talking about 2000 years ago, it would show up on our timeline right about there. If you wanted to talk about when the pyramids were constructed, it would be right about there. You could hardly see the time difference between now and several thousand years ago. If you want to see how long we've had writing, about 5000 years is our current best estimate. Once again, it barely shows up on this timeline. How long have we had agriculture? Well, 10 to 15 thousand years. Once again, it's a small fraction of this. Another way to think about it, think about all of our ancestors, the various generations that have passed since the first appearance of anatomically modern human beings. This is over 6 or 7 thousand generations into the past. Think about all of the stories that must have happened. A lot of simple things. It might be a founding of a village, a killing of an animal, a very simple courtship, a tenderness between a mother and their child. And think about the big things, the wars, the battles, the natural disasters. It's hard for us to imagine how much has occurred even in the last hundred or two hundred or thousand years, much less 200,000 years. But we seek to understand regardless. And that is what history is all about. And as we'll see, history is in general trying to understand the stories of our past. And if we want to get a little bit more technical, we can also think about prehistory, which is, technically, the things that happened before we had writing. Because writing is our main tool for history. What I have right over here, this picture, this is Egyptian hieroglyphs. And Egyptian hieroglyphs are over 5000 years old. I could write 5000 years before the present. But even when you have writing, it's not enough as we'll see not only in this video, but in many videos as we study history and world history. It's really a lot of science and a lot of detective work to make sense of what has happened. And that understanding will constantly evolve. For example, we didn't know what these hieroglyphs said until 1799 when we found the Rosetta Stone. And what was useful about the Rosetta Stone is that they had some text written in the hieroglyphs and they had the same text then written in a Greek that we were able to understand and that started to help unlock what these hieroglyphs said. But even once you have a sense of what they say or even if you understand it quite well, you still have to do a lot of detective work and take everything with a grain of salt. You can imagine if there's a bunch of groups of people here and we get the history from this group, for some reason we were able to find what they wrote, well it might not be completely unbiased. They might have a negative view of this group or that group. And so you have to take it all with a grain of salt. At the extreme form, they might have eliminated some of these groups and then only they were around to say what actually happened. You also have to be skeptical because you don't know whether these stories are actual accounts or whether someone just made it up to fit a worldview. You also have to keep in mind that these stories, whether they were transmitted written or orally, they're oftentimes retransmitted from generation to generation, and especially in the oral case. But even in the written, you've gotta wonder what's added over each generation. You can imagine people embellishing, making the story a little bit better. Or taking out things of the story that really doesn't fit in with their worldview. So even when we have the writing, and this is once again, some images of early writing. This is the famous Sumerian cuneiform tablet here. Even when we have it, obviously, we have much much more writing as we get to the more recent past, we have to be very very very skeptical. We know, today, even if two observers observed something yesterday, something that just happened, they might have very very different perceptions of what happened. So even though there's writing, we have to be skeptical. But things get, in some ways, even more interesting before we have writing, when we go into prehistory. You might wonder how do we know anything about what happened if there's no written accounts? Well that's where the science and we get even more detective work. For example, this is a Neanderthal skull. And the type of people, the sciences that will study this, you'll hear terms like anthropologists. Anthropologists or anthropology. This is the study of present and past humans and human society. And then a subset of anthropology, which is really delving into prehistory and even history itself, is archaeology. Archaeology which is the subset of anthropology that focuses on the past study of humans and human society and they're mainly going to do it through remains. Now there's other fields, you might associate, the field of paleontologist. Paleontologist. Paleontology. You might associate this with things like dinosaur bones, but their techniques are also useful for old human remains or even pre-human remains. And so it might inform archaeology and anthropology. So for example, an archaeologist might unearth this Neanderthal skull. They will use some science in order to figure out: When did this skull enter into the ground? They might use a technique like radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dating, which could be used for things up to around 50,000 years old, so around that time span on our timeline. And it's based on this idea that you have this atmospheric carbon-14 that actually comes from nitrogen-14 that gets between interactions with the solar wind and these cosmic particles becomes this radioactive carbon-14. And the carbon-14 which can become part of carbon dioxide incorporate into plants through photosynthesis which then get eaten into animals. So while something is living, they'll have a certain amount of carbon-14 in their tissue. But then once they die, they're now no longer adding more carbon-14. And the carbon-14 decays into the more stable carbon-12. And so based on the ratio between the carbon-14 to the carbon-12, and it takes roughly 5,000 years, 5,730 years to be exact, for roughly half of the carbon-14 to decay into carbon-12. So based on this ratio, and I go into much more detail in other videos, you can figure out how old these things are and you get reasonably precise, within a couple of a hundred, hundreds of years. If you want to go further into the past, there's things like potassium-argon dating, which is once again taking a radioactive form of potassium and using the idea that it decays into argon. And that when a volcano releases the argon in that rock, is able to go into the atmosphere, but then once it hardens, you have the decay and so you can see how long since that volcanic eruption are we looking at. And so for example, you can dig, you can do stratographic techniques right over here. Stratigraphy, I have trouble saying these words. That's looking at the various layers of the earth. And you might use some dating techniques, for example potassium-argon. Say: "Okay, this is that, a certain amount of age, "that is a certain amount of age, "this was volcanic rock from a volcanic eruption." And then you can look at the fossils. You can say: "Okay, a fossil that I found here" "is going to be newer than the stuff here" "and it's gonna be older than the stuff here" "and this might be the newest of all." So you can look at relative dating and if you're lucky enough to have some volcanic rock, you could do some of this potassium-argon dating and there's many many many other techniques. And it isn't just about saying: "Oh, this skull "was in this place in the world at this time." You can start to infer other things. You can look for fossils of the type of animals, the type of plants near these burial sites. You could see how dense these burial sites were, what type of cultures were there. You could start to make inferences. You can try to infer how these people died. You might have some trauma fractures here and you might say: "Okay, that was a violent death." You might look at their teeth to think about the type of things they might have eaten or their general health. You might look at the tools that are buried near them. This right over here, these are Paleolithic arrow, I guess, spearheads or tools right over here. Paleolithic is defined by more of these harder edges. You have Neolithic tools which have more of these smoother edges. Then Old Stone Age, New Stone Age right over here. And by looking at all of that, you have all of these scientists, you have these anthropologists, archaeologists, paleontologists, who are starting to piece together prehistory. And sometimes these techniques are done together. Sometimes we have writing and we have these technique to try to get a more complete picture. Now I want to end with just a note of caution. Even though we have all of these techniques, we're learning more everyday, our understanding of all that has happened is very very incomplete. And even more, it constantly gets challenged the more we learn. There are things that very serious people believed 50 or 100 years ago that we have now proven to be false. And things that we now take very seriously, it's likely that in 50 or 100 years people might prove some of that wrong. So history, even though it's about the past, it is constantly evolving. We're constantly learning more and we should have a very solid humility about what we know and what we don't know.


As we gather in Port Harcourt during the weekend of October 6 and 7, 2018, permit me to welcome you to Nigeria's city of Aquatic Treasure. A city of oily beauty and wealth that sustains the nation.
A city that has resolved to provide the platform for the revival of Nigeria. A city where the people have agreed to provide the essential foundation to end this evil wind of APC that is choking Nigeria.
This is the home city of PDP. A city that has maintained her fidelity to PDP since 1999. Where the government, people and natural elements eat, sleep, breath and drink PDP.
I tell you, here the people don't play hide and seek with the PDP. From the beginning to the end, they are PDP in flesh and blood.
The commitment to PDP in Rivers State is beyond the Nicodemus pattern. Rivers people love PDP, Night and day. The love story is unequalled. It is systemic.
Port Harcourt is a representation of the Rivers spirit. A convergence of the courage of the people and their dedication to justice, fairplay, development and inclusive growth.
Permit me to inform you that Rivers Spirit was displayed during the Rivers Legislative Rerun when Rivers people defied the bitter onslaught of the Federal Might to defend their votes and stand with the PDP.
Very early in the day, Port Harcourt told the entire world that the failed APC Federal Government has only one agenda; to use criminal security agencies and compromised INEC officials to rig. This revelation was not taken seriously by other towns.
It was Port Harcourt, the City of Aquatic Treasure that set out the template for the resistance of criminal rigging policemen as exemplified by SARs.
Thousands of Port Harcourt residents on December 12, 2016 at the Rivers East Senatorial District Collation Centre stopped Rivers SARS Commander, Akin Fakorede from robbing collated results. This was captured in a video that has become a reference point on police criminality in Electoral Matters.
This is a city of good governance, pleasure, friendship and reinvention.
I urge you to arrive early for the PDP National Convention so that you can have the time to enjoy the nightlife of Port Harcourt.
When you come in early, you will also have ample time to see first hand the reinvention of the city of Port Harcourt by Rivers State Governor, Nyesom Ezenwo Wike. Recall that he inherited a decayed city from the failed immediate past APC administration of Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi.
Through careful investment of scarce resources, Governor Wike rebuilt infrastructure across the state, enhanced the security infrastructure and embarked on unique urban renewal.
My personal suggestion to you. Don't leave Port Harcourt City until you have visited the internationally acclaimed Port Harcourt Pleasure Park.
This Park is the first of its kind in the country with state-of-the-art facilities that would give you a lifetime experience. Spend a day at the Port Harcourt Pleasure Park and thank Governor Wike for this innovation.
Whilst you are here, you will see the resilience of an opposition State Government that has continued to soldier on, despite the evil machinations of the APC Federal Government.
Governor Wike has built a brand new Federal High Court Complex , a National Industrial Court and rehabilitated the Court of Appeal, Port Harcourt Division to emphasise that the failures of the APC Federal Government should not inhibit one's progress. If you are chanced, take out time to see these federal facilities developed by the Rivers State Government.
We have other iconic projects around Port Harcourt City that will inspire other PDP leaders to develop their respective states and communities. They should visit the Garrison-Trans-Amadi-Slaughter Road, the Woji-Elelenwo Dual Carriageway and Bridge, the Obiri-Ikwere Airport Road, the Mother and Child Hospital, Rivers State Ecumenical Centre, Government Girls Secondary School, Rumuokwuta, Doctors Quarters And the Rumuokoro Market and Park.
For the five to seven days that the very important PDP National Delegates would spend in Port Harcourt, you should not forget to enjoy the excellent cuisine of Rivers State. A taste of Onunu, Native Soup, Bole, Fisherman Soup, Kekefie (Plantain Porridge), Ikoli (Crab Delicacy), Iji Nakasa (Boiled Yam/Pepper Soup) would remain indelible in your mind.
We have ample sporting facilities across the city. From Sharks Stadium to the Civic Centre through to the Yakubu Gowon (Former Liberation) and the Adokiye Amasiemaka Stadium, our guests will have facilities to keep fit.
The accomodation facilities are second to none. They are used to hosting all classes of persons. They have hosted the Annual General Conference of the Nigerian Bar Association, the Nigerian Guild of Editors, West African Architects, Super Eagles, Rotary International, African Universities Beauty Pageant,African Wrestling Championship among other prominent events. When PDP leaves, Port Harcourt will host the National Festival of Arts and Culture later in October.
Port Harcourt is a city that highlights the beauty of diversity. Everyone is accomodated in Port Harcourt.
This city of Aquatic Treasure represents the springboard for the reclamation of the Presidential Villa by Nigerians through the PDP.
It is for this reason that I join all meaning Nigerians to commend the PDP National Leadership for rising up to the occasion by sticking to Port Harcourt as the host city of the National Convention.
The PDP leaders in taking this honourable path, stood by the process to reclaim the mandate stolen by the APC through electoral manipulation, propaganda, outright lies and ethnic profiling of the immediate past Nigerian President.
Port Harcourt, the headquarters of the South-South, represents the resolution of the nation to embrace a new beginning.
From Port Harcourt, all PDP members from across the country will draw strength to face and defeat the rigging machine of the APC Federal Government in 2019. They shall be annointed with supernatural commitment to end the days of lifeless leadership.
In the city of Aquatic Treasure comes life. A never ending circle of life to quicken the vibrant spirit of the PDP for the purpose of rescuing Nigeria from a failed Federal Government peopled by thieves, unpatriotic elements and undemocratic politicians.
This is a ground for all PDP faithful to re-dedicate themselves to the greater ideals of national politics. A turf where all geo-political zones and components have equal stakes. A political space where nobody is used and shoved aside. Most importantly, Port Harcourt is a city of victory.
Once again, welcome to Port Harcourt, Nigeria's City of Aquatic Treasure. Remember, water always finds a way, no matter the obstacle. With the city of Aquatic Treasure, the obstacle of rigging thrown up by the APC Federal Government would be drowned by the natural strength of water for the good of all Nigerians.


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Home Sport Scottish Championship Comeback delayed for Falkirk defender Peter Grant as son of former Celtic...
Sport In Brief
Comeback delayed for Falkirk defender Peter Grant as son of former Celtic favourite asks for extra week's training
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PETER Grant has asked for an extra week's training before making his eagerly-anticipated playing comeback for Falkirk following a serious knee injury.
The 22-year-old had been expected to play for the first time in eight months in Tuesday night's under-20s outing against Dundee United after returning to full training last week.
However, after a recent back strain caused by him over-working in the gym, the determined defender is keen to enjoy another week on the training pitch before clearing the next hurdle in his lengthy recovery from a torn cruciate knee ligament.
(Pic: Twitter @falkirkbairns)
The ex-Peterborough United stopper suffered the damage in the Bairns' 1-1 draw with Livingston on January 23 but played through the pain barrier against Rangers the following week before the full extent of the injury was discovered.
Grant, son of the former Celtic favourite of the same name, is now set to play in the Development League clash with Hamilton Accies next Tuesday as he eyes a top-team return.
Manager Peter Houston explained: "Peter is going to play at Hamilton next week, for definite. We've spoken about it and he would rather get another week in the legs.
"We were planning for him to play against United on Tuesday night but, simply because of the back injury and the lay-off he had with that, we're delayed a week.
"It has absolutely nothing to do with his knee. He probably could play on Tuesday but he just wants more training and I'm not going to force him.
"He's doing full contact training and he wants to make sure he's ready. If he wants an extra week he can have it because we're not going to rush him.
"The team has won the last five games so he's not going to get into the first-team right away anyway. We'll bed him in gradually."
@IainCollin
falkirk fc
Peter Houston
Hamilton Accies
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