text:
Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy
Giovanna Turconi, Claudio Minoia, Anna Ronchi, Carla Roggi
The significant role of trace elements in human health is well documented. Trace elements are those compounds that need to be present in the human diet to maintain normal physiological functions. However, some microelements may become harmful at high levels of exposure, or, on the other hand, may give rise to malnutrition, when their exposure is too low. The aim of the present study was to provide a reliable estimate of the dietary exposure of twenty-one trace elements in a Northern Italian area. For this purpose, trace element analyses were undertaken on total diet samples collected from a university cafeteria in Pavia, Northern Italy. The average daily exposure for the adult people was calculated on the basis of food consumption frequency, portion size and trace element levels in foodstuffs. The mean exposure values satisfy the Italian RDA for all the essential trace elements, except for Fe exposure in females, and are well below the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake for all the toxic compounds, showing that the probability of dietary exposure to health risks is overall small. As far as Fe exposure is concerned, a potential risk of anaemia in the female adult population should be considered, then studies aimed at evaluating the Fe nutritional status of adult Italian women should be addressed. In conclusion, while not excluding the possibility that the daily exposure determined in the present study may not be representative of the population as a whole, this study provides a good estimate of the Italian adult consumer exposure to twenty-one trace elements.
Market basket
Northern Italy
Total Diet Study
Dive into the research topics of 'Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Dietary Exposure Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Trace Elements Medicine & Life Sciences 87%
Diet Medicine & Life Sciences 50%
Portion Size Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Nutritional Status Medicine & Life Sciences 10%
Turconi, G., Minoia, C., Ronchi, A., & Roggi, C. (2009). Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(8), 1200-1208. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508055670
Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy. / Turconi, Giovanna; Minoia, Claudio; Ronchi, Anna; Roggi, Carla.
In: British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 101, No. 8, 2009, p. 1200-1208.
Turconi, G, Minoia, C, Ronchi, A & Roggi, C 2009, 'Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 101, no. 8, pp. 1200-1208. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508055670
Turconi G, Minoia C, Ronchi A, Roggi C. Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy. British Journal of Nutrition. 2009;101(8):1200-1208. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508055670
Turconi, Giovanna ; Minoia, Claudio ; Ronchi, Anna ; Roggi, Carla. / Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy. In: British Journal of Nutrition. 2009 ; Vol. 101, No. 8. pp. 1200-1208.
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title = "Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy",
abstract = "The significant role of trace elements in human health is well documented. Trace elements are those compounds that need to be present in the human diet to maintain normal physiological functions. However, some microelements may become harmful at high levels of exposure, or, on the other hand, may give rise to malnutrition, when their exposure is too low. The aim of the present study was to provide a reliable estimate of the dietary exposure of twenty-one trace elements in a Northern Italian area. For this purpose, trace element analyses were undertaken on total diet samples collected from a university cafeteria in Pavia, Northern Italy. The average daily exposure for the adult people was calculated on the basis of food consumption frequency, portion size and trace element levels in foodstuffs. The mean exposure values satisfy the Italian RDA for all the essential trace elements, except for Fe exposure in females, and are well below the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake for all the toxic compounds, showing that the probability of dietary exposure to health risks is overall small. As far as Fe exposure is concerned, a potential risk of anaemia in the female adult population should be considered, then studies aimed at evaluating the Fe nutritional status of adult Italian women should be addressed. In conclusion, while not excluding the possibility that the daily exposure determined in the present study may not be representative of the population as a whole, this study provides a good estimate of the Italian adult consumer exposure to twenty-one trace elements.",
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author = "Giovanna Turconi and Claudio Minoia and Anna Ronchi and Carla Roggi",
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T1 - Dietary exposure estimates of twenty-one trace elements from a total diet study carried out in Pavia, Northern Italy
AU - Turconi, Giovanna
AU - Minoia, Claudio
AU - Ronchi, Anna
AU - Roggi, Carla
N2 - The significant role of trace elements in human health is well documented. Trace elements are those compounds that need to be present in the human diet to maintain normal physiological functions. However, some microelements may become harmful at high levels of exposure, or, on the other hand, may give rise to malnutrition, when their exposure is too low. The aim of the present study was to provide a reliable estimate of the dietary exposure of twenty-one trace elements in a Northern Italian area. For this purpose, trace element analyses were undertaken on total diet samples collected from a university cafeteria in Pavia, Northern Italy. The average daily exposure for the adult people was calculated on the basis of food consumption frequency, portion size and trace element levels in foodstuffs. The mean exposure values satisfy the Italian RDA for all the essential trace elements, except for Fe exposure in females, and are well below the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake for all the toxic compounds, showing that the probability of dietary exposure to health risks is overall small. As far as Fe exposure is concerned, a potential risk of anaemia in the female adult population should be considered, then studies aimed at evaluating the Fe nutritional status of adult Italian women should be addressed. In conclusion, while not excluding the possibility that the daily exposure determined in the present study may not be representative of the population as a whole, this study provides a good estimate of the Italian adult consumer exposure to twenty-one trace elements.
AB - The significant role of trace elements in human health is well documented. Trace elements are those compounds that need to be present in the human diet to maintain normal physiological functions. However, some microelements may become harmful at high levels of exposure, or, on the other hand, may give rise to malnutrition, when their exposure is too low. The aim of the present study was to provide a reliable estimate of the dietary exposure of twenty-one trace elements in a Northern Italian area. For this purpose, trace element analyses were undertaken on total diet samples collected from a university cafeteria in Pavia, Northern Italy. The average daily exposure for the adult people was calculated on the basis of food consumption frequency, portion size and trace element levels in foodstuffs. The mean exposure values satisfy the Italian RDA for all the essential trace elements, except for Fe exposure in females, and are well below the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake for all the toxic compounds, showing that the probability of dietary exposure to health risks is overall small. As far as Fe exposure is concerned, a potential risk of anaemia in the female adult population should be considered, then studies aimed at evaluating the Fe nutritional status of adult Italian women should be addressed. In conclusion, while not excluding the possibility that the daily exposure determined in the present study may not be representative of the population as a whole, this study provides a good estimate of the Italian adult consumer exposure to twenty-one trace elements.
KW - Market basket
KW - Northern Italy
KW - Total Diet Study
KW - Trace elements
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition


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The human lion and jungle lion.
In the jungle the lion need not to demonstrate his power,which is evident to all resident there and further has to face some challenges when another lion appear in the vicinity,apart from it no other thing is required to maintain his rule and no threat to his authority and the governance goes on at the most natural way.
The human lion need much more to keep his flock together and there is other major difference is that the jungle lion needs are limited to maintain himself but the human lion need much more to maintain him and to be in such a state to upheld the task and be in at good stead with self image.
the human lion earlier were the loner and their muscle strength was sufficient to maintain his dominance ,later on when some group formed he needed some sub group to maintain his authority,the humans are active one and there mind is too fertile for contagious thoughts,so there was a need to create some divine element which suits the authority,than various customs,traditions and others were perpetuated that nobody dares to defies his authority.
later on with the advent of more top rated people who are equivalent to ruling class with their wealth,with their knowledge and skills the rule of group was started to shared as lion /king size living was available to many .
Tumhari nazar paimana safalta ka..
The infusing life into stone.


I do not use the word "genius" lightly.
These photo-comic strips are excellent. Great quality and refreshing humor.
Wow, those are actually quite hilarious and very well done! Kudos to you sir, on an excellent production.
That is my favorite Viking!!! Great Idea!!!
That Truth guy. Always trying to promote himself even when promoting someone else's work.
Check out my blog about the comics. You can either check my profile, check the links in the comic thread, or just browse the blogs. I detail a lot of stuff there about the comics.
gamjuven, I just showed all your strips to my wife. She now has a deeper understanding of the zen of 'Scape. Thank you, again.
Posted April 28th, 2008 at 11:30 PM by Einar Gen.


If you've stopped by Ecto-Containment in the last week, you probably noticed the black piano theme I've been using has been replaced. I've been wanting to change the layout again for sometime. I've been testing different designs. Depending on when you read this, the design in all likely hood has changed again. For personal, creative, and maybe technologic reasons.
I also have a couple of other timely updates planned. One involves a new Ghostbusters collectible to my collection. The other, a new The Real Ghostbusters review.
If you live either in New Jersey or close enough to travel, members of Ghostbusters NJ and myself will be at the Jersey Shore Comic Book Show this Sunday, July 17, 2016. This smaller show runs from 10AM-4 PM. JSCBS is in a regional shore area. One could even visit one of the area boardwalks afterwards. With games, oversized food, and beaches along the Atlantic ocean.
GBNJ will have our mobile HQ (i.e.: 3 tables) with enough equipment, ectoplasm, activities, usually Ghostbusters S.W.A.G to give away, ("the kids love us") with more to display and share. We also usually have multiple ECTOs right outside.
Source: Computer Technology from 2120.


PA6300 enables real time printing and application of labels on to product packages. Information such as production data, serial & batch numbers, anti-counterfeit numbers, unique product ID, packaging data, and distribution channel data etc. can be printed to the label in characters, barcodes, or 2D codes, or even in the form of RFID. Automatic application of these information on-line enables effective track and trace of the products in the subsequent distribution channels.


I ended 2017 with 65 qualifying nights at Hyatt, helping me to secure Globalist status through February 2019.
The value proposition of Hyatt Globalist status really depends on the type of properties you stay in. For example, if you are staying mostly at roadside Hyatt Place or Hyatt House properties, your benefits as a Globalist are limited. Namely, breakfast is included for all guest regardless of all status and suite upgrades are generally not available.
But stay in upper-end Hyatt properties and even some Regency properties and you'll quickly see the benefit of loyalty. Recently I stayed at the Park Hyatt New York and was upgraded to a suite that was selling for $2455/night. I also ran up a $145 breakfast bill. The hotel theoretically sets a limit at $42 per guest, but took off the entire amount. I would have spent that anyway. I can point to a similar stories at Hyatt properties around the world.
I've also had great fortune in securing many complimentary upgrades without even asking (I have also strategically used my confirmed Diamond suite upgrades). These are such a blessing when traveling with my family or with on business with colleagues.
We know Hyatt has a limited global footprint compared to others, so in case you are curious how I re-qualified, here is a breakdown of every Hyatt stay in 2017. An asterisk indicates an award stay.
I've created a chart in Excel mapping out every property I stayed at, how many nights, the star level of the hotel, and the type of hotel.
The numbers reveal exactly why Globalist has been so valuable to me. For example, I stayed in Park Hyatt hotels 19/75 night, 25% of all stays. I stayed in four or five star Hyatt properties 71/75 nights or 95% of stays.
I think demonstrates clearer than anything else why I remain valuable to Hyatt. It's not that I could not replace almost every hotel (and perhaps every hotel) with a Hilton or Marriott in the same area. Instead, so many of the hotels above I like for the hotel itself, not just the brand.
Just take the six above. These properties, like the Hyatt Carmel Highland and Hyatt Mainz, I would stay in whether I had status or not. That's 33 nights right there.
With award nights now counting and only 55 nights needed to re-qualify, making Globalist status will be easier this year. I consider it a forgone conclusion.
But for those who question why I am so loyal to Hyatt, I hope this clarifies a bit why.
Maybe a minor detail, but contrary to the headline, you didn't actually earn status through 2019. I was hoping there was a secret ninja trick that I didn't know to get status for longer.
Hi Christian, thanks for your comment. It was not my intention to be misleading. Sorry for the confusing headline.
You should put Andaz Mayakoba on your list for 2018.


Angel Calkins is a second-generation Clearwater native. She comes from a large family that has been very active in the Tampa Bay area real estate market since 1947. She has a Florida Broker license and is also a licensed real estate agent in Louisiana. Keeping with her Florida roots she attended University Of Florida and Eckerd College graduating with honors. Prior to joining Klein & Heuchan, Inc., she started her commercial real estate career with a Tampa based tenant representation firm serving the southeastern United States.
Angel's experience in commercial real estate has ranged from assisting small businesses with their real estate needs to helping national clients with more than 1,600 locations improve their commercial real estate footprint. She has worked with publicly-traded organizations as well as local business owners from Florida to Massachusetts. Her responsibilities included structuring leasing and sale transactions covering industrial, office, and retail space including specializing in Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges. Throughout her career, she has focused on healthcare and wellness businesses' needs, utilizing her education and life experience to assist her clients in achieving their commercial real estate goals. She recently earned a prestigious Pinnacle Award from the Florida Gulf Coast Commercial Association of Realtors.
Angel has spent the last 10 years putting her husband, Caleb Calkins, through medical school and during that time received a Master in Business Administration with a focus in healthcare administration from Davenport University in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Since, then she has practiced real estate in a number of different areas throughout the world.
Angel has significant international real estate experience from her work on a resort project in the eastern Caribbean. Her direct involvement included leasing, resort operations, and property management of a $17 million dollar mixed-use commercial and residential property on Seven Mile Beach, Grand Cayman. That property is now known as the Margaritaville Beach Resort on Grand Cayman.
During her husband's medical residency at Tulane University in New Orleans, Angel obtained her Louisiana real estate license and sold and leased real estate in the French Quarter, Uptown Area, Garden District, Warehouse District, and Lakeview District. During her first year she earned the 2015 Bronze Award for selling almost $3,000,000 of real estate. While in Louisiana she worked with high profile clients, including a famous chef, a renowned political cartoonist, a radio talk show host, and an Emmy Award winning actress.
Angel also specializes in social media marketing channels. She manages her clients' real estate needs by focusing on cutting-edge marketing strategies, including the powerful use of all social medial platforms. Her strategies include focused target marketing, a strong online presence (including all major social medial channels), and search engine optimization.
Angel has volunteered for many local charities including Clothes to Kids, Locks of Love, Hospice, Achieve Tampa Bay, Cayman Islands Tourism Association, Clearwater Chamber of Commerce, Carlouel Yacht Club, Clearwater Beach Chamber of Commerce, and Skip Kline of Morton Plant Hospital Foundation. She is also an active member of Florida Gulf Coast Commercial Association of Realtors and the National Association of Realtors. She loves traveling, enjoying the beach, boating, and most recently learning to the play the guitar.


text:
Trippy Talk: Legalizing Psychedelic Therapy
News / Psychedelics / Science
Reality Sandwich · November 16, 2019 · 2 Comments
Ronan Levy, with his company Field Trip Ventures, are building the infrastructure for legal psychedelic therapy.
Levy, along with his co-founders, come to the psychedelic field having formerly built the largest network of cannabis clinics in Canada–Canadian Cannabis Clinics. Bringing this knowledge and expertise, they are now setting up the first network of psychedelic clinics in the world. Locations are already set to open in Toronto and New York, with other flagship locations planned in Los Angeles, Portland and London. Furthermore, they are currently constructing the world's first legal cultivation facility in Jamaica focused on psilocybin producing mushrooms. Field Trip Ventures is aiming to bring psychedelic medicine to the masses. And with millions of suffering with mental health disorders, the need for effective treatments is urgent.
"Our mission is to heal the sick and better the well."–Ronan Levy, founder of Field Trip Ventures
We sat down with Ronan Levy to discuss Field Trip Ventures, what he learned from his extensive experience in the cannabis industry, and how to support the ethical and sustainable growth of psychedelic medicine.
Interview with Ronan Levy of Field Trip Ventures
RS: How did you get into the psychedelic field?
RL: The background of the five founders is in the Canadian medical cannabis industry. We started two sister companies, one called Canadian Cannabis Clinics and one called Canvas RX. The former has grown to become the largest network of cannabis specialized medical clinics in Canada. And we spent a couple of years after the sale of Canvas RX to Aurora Cannabis, working with Aurora, and left about a year and a half ago to explore new opportunities.
During that period of exploration, we came across Michael Pollan's book, How to Change your Mind. And we met one entrepreneur that was trying to raise capital for a pharmaceutical focused start-up in the psychedelic space. This opened our minds to the potential of psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapy both from an impact as well as an economic perspective. So we spent some time reading Michael Pollan's book, researching the space, and trying to understand the players. Then eventually we realized that there was a great opportunity. We could leverage some of our core strength and much of our experience from the cannabis industry into helping create a future market, community and business in psychedelics. And that's what led to Field Trip.
RS: Do you feel the psychedelic industry will have an even greater impact on people's lives than the cannabis industry has?
RL: Cannabis has certainly been a remarkable game changer for many of our patients. It's improved their quality of life, particularly in dealing with chronic conditions and pain management. But, by in large, cannabis helps relieve the symptoms of the underlying condition. It doesn't always, most typically doesn't, relieve the underlying cause. Whereas psychedelics seem to have the potential to really fundamentally address some of the most challenging chronic mental health conditions out there.
Most of the patients who came through our clinics at Canadian Cannabis Clinics had some kind of physical condition. But very often some mental health component overlapped it. There's a saying that if you heal the mind, you heal the body. It's really interesting. There's not a whole lot of evidence out there. But, it seems like if you can improve people's mindsets, change their outlook, change their habituation in terms of the pathways that their brains use, you have the potential not only to affect their mental health but their physical health as well. Now that's purely speculative. Even just assuming that we can fundamentally address depression and PTSD through these clinics, I think the impact is going to be so significant.
RS: From your experience in cannabis, what lessons are you carrying with you? What do we need to be mindful of as this industry grows?
RL: The most important thing is to be prudent. With Canadian Cannabis Clinics, we took patient's care and the best medical evidence and advice. Then we applied that to the cannabis industry. That enabled the local medical community to believe in the type of care we were providing. And by building that trust, it opened the medical community's mind to cannabis. I think that's what really facilitated the growth of medical cannabis in Canada and beyond now. We did it right, and didn't identify cannabis as a panacea as some people do.
We said, "It's good for some things. It's not good for other things, and there's a whole host of things that we don't know about it. But, it makes sense to use for patients who present in this way." By speaking like that, by providing follow-ups to the referring physicians, by doing it prudently, that built support for cannabis and opened minds.
Another piece to answer your question: don't let the hype get ahead of the evidence. CBD is definitely being spoken about as a panacea for just about everything that ails you these days. In some respects that's good. CBD is potentially a very potent therapeutic molecule. I think we're going to experience a backlash against CBD because the actual data is almost certainly never going to live up to the hype. And I don't want to see that happen with psychedelics. There's so much promise in psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. We want to keep the momentum moving forward and positive. If we open people's minds, provide the data to confirm the statements, that will lead to a much healthier, sustainable level of growth.
RS: Let's talk about Field Trip Ventures – what is it and the different branches within it?
RL: With Field Trips, we're the process of building the first network of psychedelic focused medical clinics in the world. The initial five may expand to many more, much sooner than we were planning but that's great. Those clinics will exist as a starting point to provide psychedelic medicine. The clinics will also support clinical trials, the ones existing and the future ones.
From our perspective, psychedelic medicine is anything that shrinks the ego and temporarily suspends the DMN. Thus, that enables psychotherapy to have a much greater impact and outcome than conventional psychotherapy. The classic psychedelics are still unfortunately all scheduled. So, we can't really work with them. We will work with them when our sites are used for clinic trails. But outside of clinical trials, we'll work with ketamine as a starting point. Ketamine is not conventionally seen as a psychedelic, it's a dissociative anesthetic. But it actually offers many of the same experiential features as psychedelics, enough to open people up to greater impact of psychotherapy.
We will also provide integration therapy to people who choose to participate with psychedelics on their own. We certainly would never advocate that people take psychedelics outside of the context of a medical professional. But we want people to have access to care and the necessary support.
RS: What is the value of building clinical models for these drugs? And, is this a traditional medical model or a new system?
RL: It's a bit of a hybrid. Presently, conventional general practitioners tend to be the frontline in treating most mental health conditions. And typically, they are the largest prescriber of antidepressants and other mental health drugs. They're just not equipped to support this. So, we're building a new clinical model. It provides the physical infrastructure as well as the care and the integration. The existing infrastructures are just not well-suited to provide this kind of care to a large number of people. And by providing it to a lot of patients, and still providing great care, hopefully we can also bring down the cost. Anything we can do to reduce the cost while still providing great quality care is going to help this reach the greatest number of people and deliver the greatest amount of impact.
M: Since you touched upon accessibility and cost, how do you see insurance factoring into this equation?
R: With ketamine assisted psychotherapy, many benefit plans do cover some degree of some psychotherapy in the coverage, so being thoughtful about how we price the care and emphasize the psychotherapy over the pharmacological agent. We'll be starting ketamine because it's relatively low cost. It should position most people to be able to look at some degree of coverage. In Canada, it's a little different because we have a socialized health care system.
Plus, having a patient get one or two transformational doses and be relieved of depression symptoms for potentially a year or longer is going to become more cost-effective than keeping people on SSRI's and benzos over the course of a lifetime. So the economics of psychedelic-assisted therapy, even though more expensive on an upfront basis, are probably going to be lower cost on a long-term basis.
RS: Let's move to the second pillar of Field Trips, which is research.
RL: We announced about six weeks ago now the commencement of construction of the world's first legal and cultivation facility focused on psilocybin producing mushrooms. Ultimately we'd like to expand that to all plant-based psychedelics. But we're starting with psilocybin. The purpose of that facility is really two fold.
There's a very real possibility that in the next year or two that you'll see a market for psilocybin producing mushrooms, as opposed to just the synthetic molecules that underpins much of the research right now. And there is no one out there who has really developed the standard procedures and protocols to produce consistent high quality psilocybin producing mushrooms that are safe and would pass all analytical testing standards, that may apply to the cannabis industry, for instance. So part of the work we're going to do is develop cultivation techniques and ways to produce psilocybin, and potentially other molecules. in a very efficient, very safe, very replicable manner.
Now the more important part of the research we're doing in Jamaica is the basic plant research. No one has really studied psilocybin producing mushrooms in-depth. With cannabis, there have been 150 cannabinoids identified beyond THC and CBD. Our hypothesis is that you'll find a number of other interesting molecules in psilocybin producing mushrooms, just like cannabis. So really what we hope to do there is to go over these novel molecules and potentially new tryptamine alkaloids, characterize them and then assess their potential for their therapeutic impact as well.
RS: Do you think we're going to see a refinement of the psychedelic experience like we've seen in cannabis?
RL: Predictability and understanding of the experience is going to open this up to a broader audience, both in terms of patients as well as medical professionals. Which is knowing the outcomes to some degree. That's going to make people more comfortable with exploring psychedelic-assisted therapy. We also have a healthy respect that some people will want to keep it very natural even if it's unpredictable.
RS: On a podcast, you proposed to looking at psychedelics as tools for mental fitness. Why it is important to project a positive image of mental health?
RL: Most people accept that going to the gym and being proactive in terms of maintaining your physical fitness is a good idea. That generally improves the wellbeing health and longevity of most people. We don't yet have that for mental health. The awareness of emotional health and wellbeing as a proactive process as opposed to a reactive process is becoming more and more public. But I think psychedelics can potentially open that up to a much bigger audience.
RS: Clinical medical applications versus advocates of adult use: how do you see those two agendas functioning together?
RL: We're definitely supportive of a more wellness market. Meaning, they are being provided in the context of a medical professional who can oversee the care. That ensures the safety of the people who are participating. It maximizes the likelihood of positive outcomes and minimizing the likelihood of negative outcomes. To the extent that people want to see an open recreational market where you can buy mushrooms in dispensaries, or anything along the lines of cannabis? I don't think we have any inherent opposition to them. Except for the fact that there isn't enough evidence to understand the long-term impacts on that. Let the data catch up and then we can have that conversation.
RS: There is a lot of concern in the psychedelic community about capitalism and commercialism – do you have any thoughts about that?
RL: We came at that issue from the perspective that Triple Bottom Line Capitalism, that focuses on people, profit then planet is the best way to make psychedelics available. Capitalism, at its most extreme, can create very negative outcomes. But capitalism done well and thoughtfully can create the greatest amount of positive impact. That's why we're pursuing this as a for-profit enterprise. And we don't offer any apologies for that because we're going to do it in the right way, consciously and thoughtfully.
Are the concerns of the people in the community valid that the interests from businesses as well as mainstream acceptance are going changing the community? Absolutely. It is going to change and I don't think that's necessarily a bad thing. Subcultures can't remain subcultures and be mainstream. It's inherently contradictory. So I'm entirely sympathetic to that concern. But trying to predefine the rules of how this all emerges is going to be challenging. Because we don't know how this goes. We don't know what it looks like. So it's more important to maintain an open dialogue with all the participants and make sure that everyone gets the necessary respect. And then hopefully we can all do this together in a very cooperative way even if it's not inherently communal.
RS: Is there anything missing from the conversation about psychedelics currently?
RL: I think more thoughtful open discourse about what is safe and not safe. Psychedelics aren't the demonized molecules. Nor are they entirely harmless and should be afforded a healthy amount of respect.
RS: What piece of advice would you give to yourself at 20 years old? Or, is there a piece of advice that still resonates with you that you could share?
RL: "It's never too late to have a happy childhood." (Tom Robbins)
About Reality Sandwich
Life is Psychedelic. Reality Sandwich serves you the most up to date information on psychedelic science, art, culture, news and substances. Knowledge is power, have a bite!
thanks for that great interview.
I'd love of watch video-interviews in the near future (:
Maria Mocerino
Thank you for your support! We'll get there. (:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
package com.google.gapid.rpclib.any;

import com.google.gapid.rpclib.binary.*;
import com.google.gapid.rpclib.schema.*;

import java.io.IOException;

final class Float32 extends Box implements BinaryObject {
    @Override
    public Object unwrap() {
        return getValue();
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    //<<<Start:Java.ClassBody:1>>>
    private float mValue;

    // Constructs a default-initialized {@link Float32}.
    public Float32() {}

    public float getValue() {
        return mValue;
    }

    public Float32 setValue(float v) {
        mValue = v;
        return this;
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    @Override
    public BinaryClass klass() { return Klass.INSTANCE; }

    private static final Entity ENTITY = new Entity("any", "float32_", "", "");

    static {
        ENTITY.setFields(new Field[]{
            new Field("Value", new Primitive("float32", Method.Float32)),
        });
        Namespace.register(Klass.INSTANCE);
    }
    public static void register() {}
    //<<<End:Java.ClassBody:1>>>
    public enum Klass implements BinaryClass {
        //<<<Start:Java.KlassBody:2>>>
        INSTANCE;

        @Override
        public Entity entity() { return ENTITY; }

        @Override
        public BinaryObject create() { return new Float32(); }

        @Override
        public void encode(Encoder e, BinaryObject obj) throws IOException {
            Float32 o = (Float32)obj;
            e.float32(o.mValue);
        }

        @Override
        public void decode(Decoder d, BinaryObject obj) throws IOException {
            Float32 o = (Float32)obj;
            o.mValue = d.float32();
        }
        //<<<End:Java.KlassBody:2>>>
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
On self-doubt and the verdict of others
By Jude Collins on August 3, 2015
Picture by Kombizz
We all have moments of self-doubt. You've been taking a particular line on a particular subject, or maybe a general line on things in general, and then the worm of doubt starts burrowing in: what if you're wrong ? What if the line you're taking is a load of cobblers and you've been galloping east when you should have been galloping west?
Personally, I've always found that at moments like this, it's important to check what other people are saying about you. When you do, you can get fresh heart and your conviction that you're doing the right thing is confirmed. Myself, I like to turn in such wavering moments to the words of one of our eminent politicians: Nelson McCausland. Nelson's verdict on me is that I am "that nasty little man" and "One of the most sectarian journalists I have ever come across". If that doesn't quite do the trick, I toss in Willie Frazer's thoughtful characterisation: "I was struggling to find a term suitable for Jude Collins but I couldn't, so prat will have to do".
That's why I'm sure Jeremy Corbyn is feeling heartened this morning in his campaign to become leader of the Labour Party. A week or two ago, he must have experienced a significant boost when Tony Blair made a speech and told people that if their heart was with Jeremy Corbyn, they should get a transplant. To be rejected by the man who led Britain into a disastrous Iraq invasion which cost tens of thousands of lives: that must have felt reassuring. But even the most reassuring signs can wear thin as the days go by, so it's a safe bet Jeremy is doing little leps in the air this morning and shouting "Alleluia!" and similar. Why? Because now Lord Kinnock, formerly Neil Kinnock, leader of the Labour Party, has also come out against him. Anyone thinking of voting for Corbyn, says the good Lord, should think again: "In the leadership election, we are not choosing the chair of a discussion group who can preside over two years or more of fascinating debate while the Tories play hell with cuts". What's more, there are malign "Trotskyite forces" at work in the Labour Party. In other words, avoid extremes and dump Corbyn.
No doubt at this very minute Corbyn is remembering how Thatcher used to dismiss Kinnock as a "Welsh windbag". He may recall how Kinnock couldn't speak a sentence that was shorter than 100 words. Or maybe he's remembering the time Kinnock, hand-in-hand with his wife, tripping along a beach line, with the media's cameras trained on him, fell into the sea. Or maybe he's remembering when, with the polls speaking optimistically of a Labour Party win and General Election day looming, Kinnock attended a mass rally, told the troops that "We're aaaaaaallll rriiiiiight! We're aaaaaalll right!" and by looking and sounding asinine succeeded in snatching defeat from the jaws of victory.
With the likes of Blair and now Kinnock lined up against him, Corbyn can't be other than in good heart today.
Jeremy Corbyn, Labour leadership, Neil Kinnock, Tony Blair
Poll position?
"O'Donovan Rossa State commemoration: 'The Fools, the Fools, the Fools' " by Ciaran Mc
29 Responses to On self-doubt and the verdict of others
Am Ghobsmacht August 3, 2015 at 8:43 am #
For what it's worth Dr C I've never found anything faintly sectarian in any of your posts, so people can't tell the difference between having an Irish nationalist point of view and being sectarian, that says more about them than anything else.
As for Nelson, you at least post my comments no matter how much you might disagree with them, same can't be said for Hawf.
Jude Collins August 3, 2015 at 10:39 am #
Go raibh maith agat, A M – thank you for those kind words. Help the Aged, that's what I always say…
Jack Dash August 3, 2015 at 9:58 am #
And I always take with a pinch of salt the pronouncements on labour movement values of self-styled socialists who jump at the chance of an aristocratic title such as Lord or Baron.
Iolar August 3, 2015 at 10:21 am #
Messrs Mandelson, Blair and Kinnock, barren of policies that will improve working and living standards for the many as opposed to the few, now strive to maintain all the trappings of wealth, status and privilege. Mr Corbyn was against the war in Iraq while the views of Mr Blair held the day. Mr Corbyn lost the battle. Mr Blair lost the war leaving Mr Cameron to deal with a growing refugee problem.
Crowds from Liverpool, Luton and Leicester gather to hear Mr Corbyn articulate his labour credentials and opposition to reduced spending on public services as millions of pounds are spent on nuclear arms. People are sick of scandals in the unelected House of Lords while others go homeless and hungry on the streets of London. The electorate in Scotland rejected leaderless Labour and have opted for a party determined to govern without deference to anachronistic political allegiances. The Labour leadership bluffed the Scottish electorate once and suffered a subsequent humiliating rout in Scotland. It would appear that the electorate in England is about to do battle with the real foe, austerity.
ANOTHER JUDE August 3, 2015 at 2:37 pm #
Kinnock was useless in his Irish policy, he was useless when it came to the miners, he was useless….you get my drift. I hope Jeremy Corbyn wins, the reason being he at least is a proper left wing politician not a smarmy failure like Burnham or part of a grotesque double act like Cooper, they are the reason people hate Labour. If the British electorate don`t want to vote Labour, proper Labour, then that`s their loss. If they can be influenced so easily by the Murdoch press then they are probably too thick to vote. As for Nelson and Willie, their politics are so awful it would be better to tear up a ballot paper than give it to them. Being called sectarian by those two clowns is like being called ugly by the elephant man. They don`t do irony.
John Patton August 3, 2015 at 2:55 pm #
I don't accept that the Labour defeat in 92 was the result of a few spontaneous actions by Neil Kinnock at the Sheffield Rally. It may well have been a minor contributing factor but Labour, in my view, was defeated because it told the truth. Always an unwise strategy in British elections; John Smith, the Shadow Chancellor, detailed his financial plans and the impact they might have on the purse. The right wing press and the CBI had a field day with them. The economy and racism are prime factors in UK elections as we saw when this current lot got themselves elected again without saying what they proposed to do on benefit changes.Kinnock was given to verbosity – not a cardinal fault in my book but he showed determination and courage when he became leader of a party struggling against Thatcherism and demoralised by 12 years in opposition
neill August 3, 2015 at 2:57 pm #
I want Jeremy Corbyn to win because the Conservatives will win the next election with a landslide as Jeremy will spilt the labour party from top to bottom.I have no time for Blair Kinnock however in this case they are right Labour will become unelectable and the Conservatives will rule for the next political generation.
Jude Collins August 3, 2015 at 6:55 pm #
Woo hooo! Wunnerful news, neill – congratulations on being first with the scoop…And five years before it happens! My God – talk about prescient…
Ah Jude having a tough day at work or have you just been told there wont be a United Ireland in 2016?
Anyhoo any time you need a hug….
Jude Collins August 4, 2015 at 7:38 am #
Ha haaa – no matter how dull the day, neill, I know I can always get a laff from you. Grma…
RJC August 3, 2015 at 10:14 pm #
Ted Heath now, eh Neill? Gotta love those Tories…
neill August 4, 2015 at 8:23 am #
One bad Tory he wasn't much of a Tory after all even the unions beat him….
RJC August 4, 2015 at 10:49 am #
What is it about the Conservative party that appeals to you?
What is it about SF that appeals to you?
RJC August 4, 2015 at 4:17 pm #
I was asking you a genuine question, Neill. You began this thread by saying 'I want Jeremy Corbyn to win because the Conservatives will win the next election with a landslide' and I was interested to know what it was about the Conservative party that appealed to you.
If you don't want to answer a question I've put to you, that's fine – don't answer. Better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to speak and to remove all doubt.
Child abuse is actually the lesser of the crimes he is alleged to have committed with his paedo pals.
Perkin Warbeck August 3, 2015 at 3:24 pm #
Nothing like a prat on the back all the same, Esteemed Blogmeister, to boost the old confidence.
Not least when the booster in q. is none other than the redoubtable Willie Frazer.
One can easily imagine you dining off such a delicious compliment for at least a month of Sundaes.
Those yummy scoops of tummy-cajoling ice cream with the one provis, oops, proviso. Topped with sauces or syrups or in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries or assorted fruits. The one proviso (see above) being: provided the 'assorted fruits' are oranges.
Last Saturday marked the launch of the 1916 Centenary Year of 1916 and the reliable Unionist Times was first to fire a fusillade of fulsome praise across the bows of the LE Neamhnite / Irish Ship Unwashed.
This happened when they headstoned, oops, headlined a piece on O'Donovan Rossa thus: 'O'Dynamite Rossa: was Fenian leader the first terrorist?'.
At this moment in t. , going forward, this looks like being the winner of the Nobel Price for Plawmaws though the decision must needs be postponed till the anticipated piece on that blistering agent John Redmond is published under the following lung irritant of a headline:: 'Mustard Gas Redmond'.
Of course, as the proto-provo Alfred Nobel invented both dynamite and gelignite it might even be possible to do a Solomon and split the atom, oops, the, award.
Incidentally, O'Donovan Rossa is in NO way connected with Frank Ross the legendary thrower of parties. Whereas the former took on the agnomen out of romantic notions the latter plumped for plain old 'Proinisas de Rossa' (mar is e ata ann !) for more pragmatic and yet no less idealistic reasons:
-It p for pushes me further up the b for ballot paper.
Nor is the latter in anyway associated with the old music hall songwriter on Liffeyside: Frank O'Donovan. Whereas he was the composer of 'Sitting on the Bridge Below the Town', Frank Ross was known to position his morally superior butt on the ditch when the likes of his comrades in charms from the mainland Labour Party, like Blair and Kinnock, were living out their fantasies of Empah from the Bogside to Baghdad.
As the Dame Dowager was wont to remind Pekie in his younger days: 'Be very careful about the enemies you choose, Warbeck Minor: a good adversary will last you a lifetime'.
": 'Mustard Gas Redmond" +'Sitting on the Bridge Below the Town' = joint cigar winners today. I'd forgotten that old ballad but I'll never forget M G Redmond…
Perkin Warbeck August 4, 2015 at 9:14 am #
GRMA, Esteemeemed Blogmeister.
Just two points:
1. Perhaps Willie and Nelson might even be prompted, if not by their joint songwriting abilities, then by their happy confluence of first names, to pen you a paean in the form of a tune. An Ulster Scot take, perchance, on what was at one stage the most played song in American jukeboxes.
That would be 'Crazy' by ole Willie Nelson.
As there is, of course, no equivalent of that concept to be found among the ubermensch of the Ulster Scots perhaps an approximation might do.
One understands 'Gowk' might vaguely fit the bill.
2. In fairness, going backward, Mustard Gas Redmond must never be spoken of in the same context as Dynamite Jerry Rossa. And one apologies unreservedly for doing so. He is not, for instance, mentioned in a morally superior snorter of a letter on DJR to The Unionist Times today. Mea mad maxima.
Whereas the Corkonian was indiscriminate in his targetting, the Wexican, as befitted a native Yellow Bellow from the Sunny South East,, was able to cut the,erm, mustard far better as a humane wager of civilised warfare. It was no coincidence of course that he was also an alumnus of that comfort zone of civilisation, Clongowes Wood College. Not unlike, curiously enough, his great successor, the Bullock-befriending Bruton.
While WW1 has attracted many monickers, some suitable, some not so, there is one cognomen which has strangely fallen out of use. Perhaps it is time to bring it back into popularity.
That, of course, would be 'The Fast Food Feud' for it was upon the outcome of this four year long War to End all Whatsit that the very future of modern civilisation as we know it, hinged.
If it had gone the other way, today we would all be eating 'Frankurters'; instead, TG, we dine on hot dogs. It was a measure of the magnanimity of the Allied Victors and as a gesture of reconciliation that the much loathed term 'hamburger' was allowed to stay on our plate. (Not to mention the inherent Civility of the War between two branches of ze same klan).
This devoutly to be desired outcome would never have been achieved without the use, of course, of Mustard Gas. Unlike dynamite which was inherently volatile and prone to render innocent bystanders supine, Mustard Gas was perfect for the purpose it was designed for: economic targets.
Those pig farms, in other words, in Prussia (say hi ! to High Germany) where the essential ingredients of the Frankfurter were duly fattened and slaughtered for later consumption by the ubermensch (see above).
Mustard Gas as Redmond's inner humaitarian yellow man understood, was not indiscriminate, being only at the mercy of the vagaries of the wind. And if der Wind commt aus dem Osten / if the wind came from the East, it was not the swine of the Huns that suffered but rather the gallant Dublin fusiliers.
The Joxers and Whackers who answered Mustard Gas Redmond's call and thus became the J.A. W. bone of the ass in the great Donkey Derby 14-18.
They embraced this technology in the full knowledge that it could end up, like the Village Schoolmaster of old, hurting themselves more than the intended target.
We honour them at the going down of the sun and in the morning. And at the changing of the wind.
Argenta August 3, 2015 at 4:10 pm #
Given the evidence of the recent Westminister election,it's debatable whether a Labour Party led by Corbyn would be electable as a Government.I suppose for him and his followers,ideological purity is more important than actually achieving power.Whatever the many faults of Tony Blair,Sinn Fein will always be indebted to him for the various concessions and side deals they obtained under his watch!
You have a point, Argenta – well, half a point anyway. Blair did help bring about the GFA – what you clearly know, on good authority, was nothing but concessions and side deals to the Shinners- and he did some good things domestically in Britain. But all that was eclipsed by his appalling foreign policy.
sherdy August 3, 2015 at 4:56 pm #
AJ, – Have to disagree with you that Kinnock was totally useless – his wife Glenys was a looker. Can that stand in his favour?
Jude, if Nelson and Willie had shown any admiration of you, not matter how furtively, I would have seriously worried about my own judgment.
Somehow I don't think you'll need any sleeping pills to overcome their feelings about you.
Well, Sherdy, I feel honoured that either man noticed me. So honoured, you'll find their words stage front and centre in the 'About Me' bit of this blogsite.
She was a fine looking woman as the late Joe Dolan might have said.
Ryan August 3, 2015 at 5:48 pm #
Jude, you definitely know your doing something right when you have the likes of Orange men Nelson McCausland and nutty Willie Frazer coming out against you. I don't have to say much about Nelson other than the words: Red Sky. This is the same Nelson McCausland that demands tolerance for "Orange Culture" but yet calls for the complete opposite for Irish culture and anything Republican. To disagree with anything Nelson believes in is completely unacceptable. Nelson is right, everyone else is wrong. End of. Maybe Nelson and Gregory Campbell were separated at birth?…
Then we come to nutty Willie Frazer, a man who definitely has potential to do stand up comedy. But on a serious note lets have some facts about Willies past. Willie has spoke out in admiration of LVF psychopath Billy Wright. Willie himself has actively supported and encouraged collusion. On an even more serious note, Willie was once a manager of a club where the UVF stabbed two protestant teenagers to death for insulting a dead UVF commander and was confronted on live radio by one of the victims fathers.
There is even unanswered questions about Willies father. Willies father was killed by the IRA. His father has been accused multiple times by multiple people, apparently even in a book, of being allegedly part of the "Glenanne Gang" which murdered over 120 innocent Catholics. Certainly Willies father was in the UDR and worked in the barracks many Glenanne gang UDR men worked in as well. Willie and his mother, Margaret, were interviewed in Susan McKays excellent book "Northern Protestants: an unsettled people" (I highly recommend it). The author even noted Margaret Frazer as being "an extremely bitter woman".
Willie has also came out numerous times in support of the paras who committed Bloody Sunday and the Ballymurphy massacre and has done so many times on his many videos on his youtube channel (still available on youtube). He has attacked those murdered by the paras by saying they were "rioting" and attacking the paras, even though the evidence clearly shows many of the people murdered were shot running away….Willie (and the media too) likes to portray himself as a "victims campaigner" and yet on his "Victims List" is the man who committed the Dublin/Monaghan bombings and many other people who were UVF/UDA members.
If I was criticized by Willie Frazer (I spoke to him once on Facebook but he blocked me immediately when I asked him was his father a member of the murderous glenanne gang) and Nelson McCausland, I would certainly take it as a compliment.
So Ryan I take it you don't like Willie Frazer then?
If my father had been killed by Republicans there is a good chance I would dislike the Republican movement. In saying that though I have tremendous respect for Gordon Wilson and his ability to forgive a fine man indeed.
The problem with the likes of Willie is his inability to accept the suffering of his political enemies, he refuses to acknowledges the brutality of the UDR for example.
Séamus Ó Néill August 4, 2015 at 9:13 am #
Will the Labour party in Britain , in it's present form , ever be electable again ? Proposed boundary changes , circa 2018 , and the proposal to cut the number of MP's will certainly limit their ability .Their routing in Scotland was self-inflicted by stupidly declaring against any pact with the SNP and combining that with pseudo left-wing politics and a completely ineffectual leader , they were instrumental in their own demise.. Politics and political arrangements or alliances ,I believe ,will shift dramatically in the coming years ,not only in Britain, but on this Island also….Scotland will achieve independence , Northern England will want more say and clout and Wales certainly will not be voiceless.Here Unionism ,unless they form a pact with their natural allies , ( Fine Gael ) will become increasingly isolated and irrelevant …..their "not an inch" sectarianism and racism has ensured that , so all in all a riveting future of turmoil and mayhem to look forward to !
I was only being playful its really quite simple I support their core beliefs hard work low taxation social mobility and less government interference.


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Updated 14 December, 2019 - 01:29 Saurav Ranjan Datta
Gautamiputra Satakarni: Warrior King of the Satavahana Dynasty
In India as in various parts of the world, from the time of the Vedic culture of around 1,500 BC, the royal dynasties have always held the names of their fathers when a new king succeeded to the throne. But there was one imperial dynasty from the Indian sub-continent which took the names of their mothers for their royal title. This culture of matriname though not exactly a matrilineal line was quite an aberration in the scheme of things.
That ancient dynasty of India is now known as the Satavahanas who ruled a vast part of the Deccan, roughly corresponding to parts of modern south India today. The etymology of Deccan has come from the local word for south – Dakkhin. However, the Satavahanas took their mother's name not exactly to honor or uphold a matriarchal society , but it is said that since their kings had numerous wives, the children were given the names of their mothers to identify him precisely in reference to his mother.
Origins of the Satavahana Dynasty
The Satavahanas were quite ancient and they were referred to as the Andhras in the Puranas of Hinduism . According to the Puranas, they succeeded an earlier imperial dynasty called Kanvas in the middle of the 1st century BC and ruled from their capital called 'Pratisthana' which is the modern town of Paithan in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state. But their origin can be traced further back.
Page of text from a Purana, ancient text that mentions Gautamiputra Satakarni. (Ms Sarah Welch / CC BY-SA 4.0 )
The great emperor Devanampiya Piyadasi Raja Ashoka Maurya in his major rock edicts has referred to a clan called the Andhras, living within the southern boundaries of his empire. Not only that, the Greek ambassador Megasthenes who visited the court of Chandragupta Maurya (Ashoka's grandfather) also wrote in his Indika about a powerful race of people called 'Andarae'. Even the Kalinga king Kharvela mentioned them in his inscriptions.
All these denote the ancient lineage of the Satavahanas. In all probability, this dynasty was founded by somebody called King Simuka whose date of reign cannot be ascertained with any certainty now, until and unless discovery of further archaeological evidence is made. The name Satavahana probably means 'driven by seven' and comes from the Prakrit word 'Sapta Vahana'.
Also, the original homeland of this dynasty is now much disputed among historians. They probably ruled a vast area which presently would include parts of the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and some parts in central India too. This article is about their most powerful ruler called 'Gautamiputra Satakarni'.
Coin of Gautamiputra Sri Yajna Satakarni. ( CC BY-SA 3.0 )
The Rise of Gautamiputra Satakarni
Much of what is known today about Gautamiputra Satakarni is from the numismatics evidence, the Puranas and the Nasik inscriptions of his mother 'Gautami Balashri'. He ruled in the 2nd century AD but the exact dates of his rule or his birth cannot be determined with any certainty now. However, it is quite certain that during his rule, the Satavahanas reached the greatest extent of their empire covering the areas mentioned in the above paragraphs and also beyond.
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Full inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni's mother. ( पाटलिपुत्र / Public Domain )
According to the inscription of his mother, he defeated the Sakas, also known as the Western Kshatrapas; the Indo-Parthians also called Pahlavas; and the Indo-Greeks. Though it has been erroneously depicted in some popular media that Satakarni defeated the Indo-Greek king Demetrius, in reality Demetrius existed much before Gautamiputra.
Gautamiputra Satakarni considered the Western Kshatrapas as outsiders, since they had Iranian and Central Asian Steppe origins. However, the Western Kshatrapas, after settling into the western and northwestern part of the Indian-subcontinent, had embraced Indian culture too and were a powerful empire in their own right. (Their most famous ruler Rudradaman was much extolled in Indian literature as he had supported both Sanskrit literature and culture during his time.)
But Gautamiputra Satakarni wanted to unite the entire Indian sub-continent under his rule and the Western Kshatrapas were encroaching on his borders. So Satakarni set out with his huge army to fight the Saka king Nahapana. He met the army of Nahapana, defeated him, and then issued coins to celebrate the victory.
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Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire under Gautamiputra Satakarni, 124 AD, as suggested by the Nashik prashasti inscription. (Chetanv / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
This remained his greatest victory, which is evident from its references made in numismatics and other literary sources. Satakarni is said to have had a huge army of cavalry, infantry, elephants, and chariots, just like other rulers of his time.
The Administration of Gautamiputra Satakarni
Gautamiputra Satakarni was a very cultured ruler and has been favorably considered by most historians. Though he was a staunch Hindu, he also seems to have patronized Buddhism which also flourished under his rule. The same happened with Jainism.
Trade also flourished and there were extensive exchanges with the Roman Empire. He and his descendants also seem to have commissioned many religious structures. Gautamiputra looked after his subjects with empathy and his empire had peace and prosperity.
He was generally known as a benign ruler to his subjects. Due to his attitude, agriculture also prospered, and the farmers and peasants remained mostly happy during his time. However, there were pitfalls too with Satakarni.
Being a staunch follower of Brahmanism, he did not take measures to check the flow of the evils of casteism. In fact, he was said to have encouraged it by stopping inter-caste marriages between various 'Varnas'.
He also did not stop the superstitious rituals of Hinduism like sati etc. Due to these reasons, the culture of considering a section of the society as untouchables as they were born of low birth, increased during his rule.
Sati, an old Hindu tradition of a widow immolating herself after her husband's death, usually on her husband's funeral pyre. (Unibond / Public Domain )
Gautamiputra Satakarni's Later Life and the Decline of the Satavahanas
The reason and the year of Gautamiputra's death cannot be ascertained now with any definite clarity. He was however succeeded by his son Vasishthiputra Pulumavi who was also an able ruler. But due to the growing power of King Rudradaman of the Western Kshatrapas, the Satavahana rule declined and the later Satavahana rulers were confined to a very small area in the Deccan.
But the Satavahanas will always be remembered in history for their uniqueness of taking their mother's name which is a rarity in this sub-continent. And Gautamiputra Satakarni will remain their most glorious and famous ruler. The legacy is evident now from the numismatics, paintings, and art which survived from his era.
Gautamiputra Satakarni was a ruler of the Satavahana Empire, in present-day Deccan region of India. (KCVelaga / CC BY-SA 4.0 )
Saurav Ranjan Datta has just released his first book of 12 extraordinary stories of women from India, " Maidens of Fate ', available now from Amazon.
Top image: Representative image of Gautamiputra Satakarni a ruler of the Satavahana dynasty. Source: Pranjal / Adobe Stock.
By Saurav Ranjan Datta
Charles Allen, C. 2018. Coromandel - A Personal History of South India-Little . Little, Brown Book Group.
Karashima, N. 2014. A Concise History of South India . Oxford University Press.
Satavahanas
matriname
Satavahana dynasty
Gautamiputra Satakarni
Saurav Ranjan
Saurav Ranjan Datta is a history and travel buff who has been writing for several publications for the last 10 years in both these subjects. By education, he is a post-graduate in management. He belongs to the city of Kolkata... Read More
9 January, 2021 - 20:19 Alicia McDermott
Ancient Hilltop Monastery Led by Female Monk Found in India
Archaeologists have discovered a unique hilltop monastery in eastern India. The 11th or 12th century religious center is special because of its location and because it was headed by a Buddhist nun,...
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27 December, 2020 - 13:38 Alicia McDermott
Using Ayurvedic Medicine to Fight the Common Cold and Flu
Since ancient times people have had to deal with runny and stuffy noses, coughs, body aches, chills, and all the other unpleasantness that accompanies being bitten by a winter bug. While there is no...
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18 December, 2020 - 21:56 Tawseef Mushtaq
Remembering Winter in Kashmir: Shaping A Collective Memory of the Past
During nineteenth and first-half-of-the-twentieth century, a popular proverb on every Kashmiri's tongue was Sountas na keneras, Te hardas na neeles , meaning "plough the soil in spring even if it is...
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Indian Civilization Applied Advanced Nanomaterials to Their Pots 2500 Years Ago
Researchers in India have made an amazing discovery. They have found evidence for the earliest known carbon nanotubes. These are tiny materials, known as 'nanomaterials', that have several...
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14 November, 2020 - 00:59 Saurav Ranjan Datta
The Haryanka Dynasty of India: Betrayals of Fathers by Sons
This is the story of a son in ancient India who killed his father for no other reason than uncontrolled ambition. In the royal dynasties of India, the killing of family members and family rivals is a...
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22 September, 2020 - 00:59 Saurav Ranjan Datta
The Badami Chalukyas: An Indian Dynasty Spanning Over 200 Years
At a glance, history can seem chaotic. We need to delve into the depths of any particular era, and not just focus on particular incidents. History is not just a timeline of earth-shattering battles,...
Read more about The Badami Chalukyas: An Indian Dynasty Spanning Over 200 Years


Hot pink flowers with green foliage.
The Tuscarora Crape Myrtle is a hybrid between the Japanese Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia faurei) and the common Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), which was developed by the US National Arboretum in 1978. The Tuscarora Crape Myrtle produces long lasting clusters of dark pink flowers. Each cluster within the Tuscarora Crape Myrtle has hundreds of pink flowers and each cluster can range from 8" to 16" long. The Tuscarora Crape Myrtle has a very tall and vigorous growing habit with small alternate leaves that are rounded at the base and are 1" to 3" long. The Tuscarora Crape Myrtle has leaves that are glossy green in the summer and in the fall they turn red-orange. Each summer the Tuscarora Crape Myrtle exfoliates its light brown colored bark in thin strips to expose a smooth and light gray colored bark. The Tuscarora Crape Myrtle is adaptable to a wide range of soil types, very drought tolerant and has a very good resistance to powdery mildew.


To sustain wildlife populations and their habitats, biologists implement a management or conservation plan. These can be written for small areas or an entire state, but they describe a schedule for implementation of practices and activities needed to maintain habitats and species populations. Each plan normally consists of a list of conservation priorities by species or habitat as well as actions necessary to maintain those habitats and species.
A conservation plan is built from information about populations present as well as their available habitats and life history. However, as was discussed in our blog "Estimating Wildlife Numbers" (link), completing a census of every individual animal that exists on a landscape is neither possible nor practical. So, wildlife biologists rely on various sampling techniques to estimate relative abundance or whether a certain species is present on the landscape.
But, there is another measure that is important to any conservation plan, species density or number of animals per area. While it's great to know there are 750,000 plains zebras in Africa or that there are 150,000 specifically in Serengeti National Park; biologist need to know how many zebra there are per hectare in different areas of the park. Information about density can provide biologists insight into carrying capacity of an area and better understanding of the health of the population. Or, in the case of zebra, how much prey there is per hectare for large predators, like lions and hyenas.
Measuring density requires factoring in an amount of land area where the number of individuals was measured. To add to the complexity, all techniques still involve the basic problem of estimating the probability of seeing, capturing, or otherwise detecting animals during some type of survey.
A recent study, "Improving effectiveness of systematic conservation planning with density data", is making the case that if more information is provided on species density, biologist can better protect wildlife and their habitats. Researchers found that using specific information on species density protected more individuals of each species than just using information on whether a species was present. Moreover, conservation priorities developed using density models correctly valued important conservation areas.
The ability to find the most effective research method is both intricate and complex. Wildlife managers are constantly working to alter new strategies to best fit wildlife research needs. This difficult task requires a multifaceted approach and their efforts are necessary for continued wildlife conservation.


Thrilled to say hi, let me introduce myself… I'm Lucy Felton, Alex and Alexa's Life + Style Contributor, a fashion journalist turned lifestyle blogger at The Lucy Edit, wife, mum of two (one on the way) and lover of chocolate, décor and buying hordes of magazines I inevitably never get to read!
Just like you guys, I'm a mother trying to juggle it all, stay sane and pretend I've got all bases covered when I'm generally having a meltdown on the inside and dropping plates left, right and centre. I never get to go to the bathroom alone anymore and can't remember the last cup of tea I drank hot but would I change it? Of course not! Hopefully, you'll get to know me a bit over the coming months as I share my motherhood journey with you all. Expect plenty of baby hacks, parenting tips and pregnancy advice.
What is it about the autumn/winter season that gets us all crafty and inventive? Must be something to do with the hours spent indoors, the shorter days and cold snaps, that force us indoors for snuggling. Suddenly burning fires, cosy blanket and good family movies on repeat become our priority and all we want to do is make our homes the ultimate happy dens for hunkering down. Well, I know just the way to add some more of that welcoming charm to your nests.
Cue the statement woodland wreath. I'm always keen to find fun ways and ideas to capture my son's imagination – making things, crafting and anything creative really. It's so important to let them explore, discover the new and stimulate their senses and it's certainly the perfect time of the year to make low-fuss projects with high impact their new favourite activity.
A stroll through the park or rummage in your local woods and mother nature's treasure is everywhere to be found – and for free! Copper leaves, pine cones, you name it. While you might want to leave the Christmas wreath making to the adults (those pines can be prickly!) pulling together a woodland autumn wreath is such a great fun pastime to get the kids involved in. Especially if you keep it simple. Here's how to ace a basic leaf wreath for an anything-but-basic cosy autumn décor boost!
Head out bright and early to your local woods or park and task the kids with collecting as much of nature's materials that can be used to create a beautiful wreath. For ours, Hector and I stuck to leaves in everything from copper to yellow, but a few pinecones and sprigs of berries would also have looked fab. Let their imaginations run wild. And don't forget to take some bags.
Head home and get everything else together. You can pick up wreath bases in florists, supermarkets and craft stores. I went for a willow one that I can reuse throughout the season. Once the leaves start to crumble in a few weeks, I'll add in some top-up pieces to spruce it up and get the most out of it. Some floristry wire (get the kind that's wrapped in paper) is the easiest way to secure foliage but be sure to snip it with secateurs if you don't want to blunt the kitchen scissors. Lastly, you'll need some ribbon for hanging.
3. Have Fun & Get Creative!
By this point, the kids have probably lost interest! Hector is still very young but he loved throwing the leaves around the kitchen. I encouraged him to pick out a handful of leaves for me while I wrapped the bunches together with the wire. Leave a long length of wire at the end so that you can wrap and secure the bunches of leaves straight onto the wreath base in one go. Coil around and twist to secure tightly at the back. Continue to add your leaves around the wreath, slightly overlapping them, tucking under as you go.
Hector loved collecting all of the leaves in our local woods. He threw them everywhere! We headed out on a really crisp autumn morning, wrapping up in our big coats and boots and took in all of the fresh air. Can't beat it! His red Mayoral puffer really stood up to the cold and also gave him the freedom to move and run around. It's going to be our winter staple. Remember to throw an old pair of Wellingtons underneath the pram and switch over their footwear if it's wet and muddy. His khaki Adidas trainers are his everyday go-to's so I didn't want them getting ruined once we ventured deeper into the woods!
I'm now on the last few days before my baby daughter makes an appearance, it's been panic nesting 24/7 in our house, I can tell you! Hector has been helping to pack his sister's hospital bag – crammed with newborn delights like this Aden and Anais dream blanket. I can't wait for the first walk in the park post-hospital too now this Absorba pramsuit is ready and waiting for her. It's the ultimate mini cosy goals and check out the bows. One piece I know she's going to live in right through to spring.
It's going to be so nice for Hector to finally have a playmate in the house, but any tips for the first weeks of adjusting to life with two tiny ones would be so appreciated gang… What are your mum hacks for bringing a new baby home to meet siblings? Oh, and how am I going to survive the first trip out with two under two – a double pram is new territory! Let me know how you found it all in the comments below, would love to hear your wisdom. I'll be sharing more fashion, baby and parenting over at my blog The Lucy Edit and Instagram @TheLucyEdit so please swing by and get involved in the conversation.
Next time, she'll be here! Looking forward to sharing our exciting newborn news with you all very soon.