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the consumer on the home front: second world war civilian
Features GHI Research Conference Reports GHI News THE CONSUMER ON THE HOME FRONT: SECOND WORLD WAR CIVILIAN CONSUMPTION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE...
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The Home Front During World War II
World War II: The Home Front
Civilian morale during the Second World War - King's College London
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Civilian morale during the Second World War - King's Research Portal
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The Second World War - CDRSEE
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World War II: The Home Front Multiple-Choice Quiz Answer Key. ... 2. Next, discuss the activities students will complete
GHI Research
GHI News
THE CONSUMER ON THE HOME FRONT: SECOND WORLD WAR CIVILIAN CONSUMPTION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Joint Conference of the German Historical Institutes London, Moscow, and Washington at the GHI London, December 5-7, 2013. Conveners: Hartmut Berghoff (GHI Washington), Andreas Gestrich (GHI London), Nikolaus Katzer (GHI Moscow), Jan Logemann (GHI Washington), Felix Römer (GHI London), Sergey Kudryashov (GHI Moscow). Participants: David Clampin (Liverpool), Donald Filtzer (London), Mila Ganeva (Oxford / Ohio), Sheldon Garon (Princeton), Wendy Z. Goldman (Pittsburgh), Neil Gregor (Southampton), Cynthia L. Henthorn (New York), Oleg Khlevnyuk (Moscow), Jan Lambertz (Washington), Bettina Liverant (Calgary), Erina Megowan (Georgetown), Erich Pauer (Marburg), Nicole Petrick-Felber (Jena), Ines Prodöhl (GHI Washington), Uwe Spiekermann (GHI Washington), Pamela Swett (Hamilton), Frank Trentmann (London), Sergej Zhuravlev (Moscow), Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska (Chicago).
The home front of World War II is increasingly recognized by historians as a vital part of not only military strategies during a war with an unparalleled degree of civilian mobilization, but also as a catalyst for broader social developments, e.g. in gender and race relations. Collaboratively organized by three German Historical Institutes, this conference looked at the relationship between war and mass consumption and the role of the consumer in the war efforts of Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. While mass consumption has long been associated primarily with liberal democracies, research on Nazi Germany as well as Communist countries has demonstrated the degree to which these regimes also engaged the growing importance of mass consumption — even if, in the Soviet case, the structures of a mass consumer society did not fully develop until after the war. In the context of the war, however, the state rather than the market often played a central role in organizing consumption across all regimes. In addition to posing comparative questions of how war time consumption was organized and experienced, many papers also highlighted transnational exchanges and learning processes. Hartmut Berghoff introduced the conference topic by highlighting the significance that all major powers attributed to civilian consumption during World War II, building on the lessons from the preceding war.
THE CONSUMER ON THE HOME FRONT
The "modern" home front under conditions of total war was seen as paramount in maintaining civilian morale, which meant that a shift to military consumption was inherently limited. Minimum standards of provisioning and a sense of distributional justice had to be ensured, and consumers were mobilized to participate in production, conservation, and distribution efforts. Consumption in fashion and entertainment also served as a form of distraction while planners and marketing professionals in many countries fostered forms of "virtual consumption," the promise of a consumerist postwar future which created a lasting legacy. In the first keynote address of the conference, Sheldon Garon emphasized the global and transnational nature of home front planning, which runs counter to prevailing myths and narratives of national distinctiveness in collective memories of wartime experience. Using Japan as his vantage point, Garon highlighted shared challenges in maintaining production and morale, as well as in food security and rationing. Like other powers, the Japanese paid close attention to the lessons of World War I and its blockades, shortages, and ultimate home front collapses. They drew on a growing international body of knowledge in nutritional science to prepare for the coming war and mounted an (ultimately failed) attempt to maintain food self-sufficiency during the war. As clothing became increasingly uniform and much of the nascent consumer goods industry was converted to wartime production, food consumption became ever more central to the Japanese war experience by the end of the conflict. Securing civilian nutrition was generally a central element in wartime efforts to maintain the home front, as explored in the first two panels of the conference. Rationing and price controls were part of the war experience in all societies under consideration here, albeit to significantly different degrees. Food provisioning was the central challenge in the Soviet Union, as Wendy Goldman showed, and deprivation was the predominant experience of most Russian civilians. Rationing was almost entirely handled through institutional canteens, while the retail sector was virtually non-existent. Still, the intricate rationing system was riddled with inequalities and corruption, often failing to provide factory workers with the bare minimum needed for survival. The consumer as an individual receded into the background in the Japanese case as well. Erich Pauer discussed the role of neighborhood organizations in organizing rice rationing in Japan and the increasingly centralized distribution system which had supplanted private retailers and markets by the end of the war.
BULLETIN OF THE GHI | 54 | SPRING 2014
In Germany, by contrast, consumer choice remained more viable and certain indulgences were seen as essential to morale. Nicole Petrick-Felber showed that while coffee consumption almost entirely shifted to surrogate products, due to a collapse of imports, tobacco remained "vital" to the war effort. Cigarette production continued, but after 1944, the state increasingly lost control over the rationing process as black markets emerged. For the Western Allies, the situation was entirely different, as Ines Prodöhl's paper demonstrated. She analyzed the Combined Food Board, an international body set up in 1942 to organize the distribution of U.S. agricultural surpluses to allied nations. While shortages in areas such as fats and oils riddled Western Allies as well, American abundance and the global access to goods ensured that starvation was of little concern in the West. Differences in available supplies and the distribution of foodstuffs made for very different experiences in home front consumption by civilian consumers. In the United Kingdom, as Ina ZweinigerBargielowska explained, scarcity, not starvation, was the primary experience. A "flat rate" rationing system promised a sense of equitable sacrifice, but black markets, self-supplied consumers in the countryside and the possibility to circumvent rationing in restaurants posed challenges to the "fair share" principle and its promise to mitigate class distinctions. Still, many postwar Britons would go on to memorialize a mythical "wartime community." Many Germans, too, Felix Römer argued, viewed the home front situation in a relatively positive light. Based on U.S. surveys among German POWs, he analyzed the views of Wehrmacht soldiers regarding the food situation on the home front and cross-referenced them with research about the German rationing system. From soldiers' point of view, he concluded, the maintenance of sufficient caloric intake outweighed the negative experience of deteriorating food quality, which was not in the least due to the vivid memory of conditions during the First World War. Donald Flitzer analyzed Soviet home front experiences by looking at infant mortality rates. Poor hygiene and pervasive illnesses, as well as shortages in milk and fuel, presented rife conditions for mass mortality, which indeed spiked early in the war. Yet, overall, the war saw an eventual decline in mortality, which could in part be attributed to state programs, but also speaks to the already high levels of mortality prior to the war and the continuity in experiences of deprivation and scarcity that, for many Russian consumers, spanned from the interwar to the postwar period.
The subsequent panel on wartime advertising provided a stark contrast to the realities of malnutrition in some countries and furthermore provided surprising parallels between liberal democracies, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, and the more organized economy of Nazi Germany. David Clampin related the British case wherein advertisers were keen to contribute to the war effort, but also careful to maintain brand awareness and to encourage future consumption. Postwar visions of consumerism took the form of either forward-looking visions of modernity or a nostalgic promise of return to the "good old days." The anticipation they stoked, however, proved to be a political liability, as rationing continued after the war. Many American advertisers, Cynthia Lee Henthorn argued, also blurred the line between government propaganda and commercial ads. The overriding concern of the U.S. industry, however, was to ensure a return to an unfettered market economy in the postwar years. The consumerist world of the future was to be a world of free enterprise. German advertisers, as Pamela Swett showed, also pursued their own commercial interests. While consumer goods ads linked consumption and national expansionism, industry struggled to retain a degree of distance from the regime, especially towards the end of the war. Maintaining brand awareness during rationing was central for German advertising executives, too, and Swett's examples suggested a surprising degree of continuity from the pre- to postwar period. Wartime nations thus frequently relied on "virtual consumption," the deference of immediate consumer satisfaction in anticipation of later rewards. In addition to advertising, the commercial entertainment industry was utilized to boost morale and to influence consumer desires. Mila Ganeva discussed the prominence of fashion in wartime German media, from magazines to movies. While managing scarcity was an acknowledged reality, the imaginary consumption of luxury high fashion retained a prominent place in the media landscape. Even in the Soviet Union, as Sergej Zhuravlev showed, new fashion magazines appeared during the war. While textiles were extremely difficult to attain, wartime photographs attest to a continuous concern with appearing fashionable among many Russian civilians. Despite a widespread struggle for survival, Russian workers in provincial factories also often had their first encounters with theater and ballet, as cultural institutions were displaced from the major population centers. Erina Megowan argued that the Soviet policy of bringing "high culture" and brigades of performers to the hinterland during the war was well received and had a lasting impact on cultural consumption
across the country. In Germany, by contrast, as Neil Gregor suggested, the continued practice of regular attendance of symphonic concerts attested to a continuation of "banal social habits" and a sense of everyday normalcy amidst total war. At least in certain areas, "normal life" persisted and a shortage in material goods meant that surplus incomes during the war could be spent on entertainment. This panel certainly raised questions about the paradoxes of wartime consumption and the at times jarring juxtaposition of cultural consumption and entertainment with pervasive mass death. The final part of the conference focused on the legacies of wartime consumption. Frank Trentmann opened this section with the second keynote address. He challenged the audience to consider the implications of the war for the long-term development of mass consumption, especially in the Western World. On the one hand, 1945 was not the dramatic break that is often assumed and consumer desires were deeply rooted and well developed prior to a war which did not fundamentally challenge them. On the other hand, the war left its mark on postwar mass consumption. It widened the transatlantic gap in consumption levels, it shifted tastes through wartime migration and exchanges, and it impacted generational patterns of consumption. Finally, the war heightened belief in the possibility of statecraft and planning for consumption, leading to a secular rise in taxation and public forms of consumption across Western nations. The papers in the final panel then looked at various legacies of the war primarily through its impact on expert communities. Jan Lambertz discussed the wartime and postwar studies of U.S. and British nutrition experts, which yielded new analytical techniques for measuring human "need" and "deficiencies" and which would find later application in defining civilian health standards. Looking at Canada, Bettina Liverant showed the impact of the war on economists and policy experts. Canada's experiences with strategic austerity, with rationing, price freezes and consumer surveys, which pre-dated those of its American neighbor, informed postwar efforts in controlling consumer spending and inflation within the framework of a Keynesian economic policy. Jan Logemann similarly argued that the wartime expansion of state-sponsored market research in the United States acted as a catalyst for postwar transformations in marketing research. Focusing on three prominent émigré consumer researchers, the paper traced both transnational transfers in consumer psychology and the entanglement of commercial, academic and government research that
connected the warfare state to the postwar consumer's republic. In the Soviet Union, Oleg Khlevnyuk showed that basic structures of provision remained in place from the 1930s to the 1950s, but victory in the war promoted a growing gap between consumer expectations and the continued reality of shortages. Especially as Russian soldiers came into contact with consumption levels in other parts of Europe, pressures for reform mounted, leading to a "new course" after Stalin's death. The impact of war preparations on innovations in the food industry, finally, was at the center of Uwe Spiekermann's paper, which traced the effects of efforts by German nutrition experts to improve military food. Iconic consumer goods of the postwar "economic miracle," such as instant potato dumplings, he showed, were literally field tested during the war. His paper also provided an important reminder of how closely consumption on the military and civilian home fronts were intertwined. The concluding discussion, led by Hartmut Berghoff and Andreas Gestrich, emphasized the surprising degree to which continuities could be traced in various areas of consumption from the pre- to postwar eras. Especially for the more developed consumer economies, World War II was not as decisive a break in the long-term development of mass consumption. It did, however, provide a point for broader implicit and explicit societal debates about the role of consumption between market and state, individual and community. Despite structural similarities in the challenges posed by wartime consumption and parallel developments across regimes, the comparative look made clear that the experience for consumers also varied tremendously among the countries surveyed, with the United States and the Soviet Union representing opposite ends of a spectrum between curtailed affluence and mass deprivation. The everyday wartime experience, for example in the various constellations of black or grey market activity, was finally noted as an important field for future research — especially as the memories of wartime sacrifices helped shape the cultures of mass consumption in subsequent decades. Jan Logemann (GHI Washington)
World War II and the American Home Front
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2019 College Football Week 12 Michigan State vs #15 Michigan Highlights Please support the channel by visiting https://www.patreon.com/VictorValiantYT DISCLAIMER - All clips property of the NCAA. No copyright infringement is intended, all videos are edited to follow the \"Free Use\" guideline of You
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After years of decline, Detroit is now on the rise. Unlike many of the formerly Manufacturing cities of have declined and remain depressed, Detroit is rising up. We show this now beautiful city on the shores of the Detroit River in this Aerial & Ground tour of the Midwest\'s 2nd Largest City, only b
Decided to make this little video to show you what its like to live in Michigan. This was kind of a joke video, but more or less just what its like to live here. (The Weather Can Get Crazy Sometimes..) (Music Courtesy Of YouTube Free Audio Library) 😄I Hope You Enjoy! 😄 ***************************
Living in Michigan, growing up in Michigan as a kid, and all things Michigan related! Hi friends!! For today\'s video, we are continuing the Michigan series i started last year - Today\'s video is all about growing up in Michigan, Living in Michigan and the whole truth of everything I experienced the
Michigan hosted Michigan State in week 12 of the 2019 college football season. The Spartans and Wolverines battled it out in the game to decide bragging rights in Michigan. Get your SportzCases here! - https://bit.ly/3172z7d Promo Code for 10% off: Wheels Follow me on twitter @WheelsYT Make sure
Wow! Detroit has some really crazy areas! We begin our journey in Detroit on M102. No, that's not a radio station. That's 8 mile road. We drove down 8 mile road on our way into Detroit. 8 mile road is north of Detroit, about 8 miles north of downtown. Along the way, we saw many shuttered business
In 2008, the first black president was elected in the United States and the worst financial crisis in almost a century brought the world's economy to its knees. Since then, a form of domestic terror has been on the rise in America and abroad. But it's not the kind of terror we're used to hearing abo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
British philosopher with alleged 'foot fetish' is accused of harassing student
Colin McGinn has been accused in legal documents of pressuring a student at Miami University
Dr. Colin McGinn Photo: Polaris/eyevine
By Victoria Ward
4:34PM BST 18 Oct 2015
A leading British philosopher with an alleged "foot fetish" has been accused of harassing one of his students and urging her to sleep with him.
Colin McGinn, 65, is said to have exchanged 400 emails and texts with Monica Ainhorn Morrison, 29, writing erotic poems to her foot and giving it a nickname based on the teenage character Lolita in the Nabokov novel.
In other emails he is alleged to have suggested having "sex three times over the summer when no one is around ... to avoid a bad result for either of us" and told her that he owned her, writing: "You are mine ... I want to repeat it so that it sinks in. You are mine, mine, mine."
Miss Morrison, 29, has launched legal action against McGinn and Miami University, where she was studying, claiming that the institution failed to deal with her original complaint properly.
McGinn, a grandfather, was born in West Hartlepool. He lectured at University College London and Oxford University before moving to the US and is the author of more than 20 books, including The Character of Mind, The Problem of Consciousness, Consciousness and Its Objects, and The Meaning of Disgust.
Both his and the university deny the claims, insisting he did nothing unlawful.
Ann Olivarius, the lawyer representing Morrison, told the Sunday Times that her client's career had been destroyed and she had suffered mental stress.
"To repair and make her whole you are looking at a couple of million dollars. We have got that in other cases," Olivarius said.
She claimed that the case highlighted a long-standing sexist culture in some British universities, where it was regarded as acceptable for older male professors to sleep with younger graduate students and for male students to chat up women.
The 'Meaning of Disgust' by Colin McGinn
According to legal papers seen by the newspaper, McGinn began bombarding Morrison with emails after she enrolled at Miami University in 2011 as a first-year doctoral student and attended his classes on "mind, brain and emotion".
McGinn, who was researching the evolution of the hand, is said to have initially emailed her about academic subjects and later invited her to become his research assistant.
At a meeting in January 2012, McGinn is alleged to have insisted that Morrison allow him to hold her feet, which he then kissed.
He reportedly wrote an email to her foot, which began: "How I miss you already! I can still feel your soft yet firm contours in my sensitive hand."
Morrison accepted a summer research job with him before he allegedly began pressuring her to sleep with him.
In September 2012, she filed a complaint of sexual harassment to the university after resigning from her research post.
Morrison claims the university failed to investigate the case properly or to take the steps necessary to protect her reputation.
Miami University said: "The matters alleged in the lawsuit are strongly disputed. When the plaintiff brought her concerns to the attention of the university the matter was immediately and thoroughly investigated.
"The investigation revealed that the allegedly involved professor exercised poor judgment in his behaviour, but did not engage in any unlawful conduct. Nevertheless, the professor resigned from the university."
McGinn's lawyer, Andrew Berman, said: "Professor McGinn denies the claims and we will vigorously defend against them in the appropriate forum."
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This policy applies to all Police Service Staff employees serving as representatives of AFSCME Police Local 683.
It is the intent of this policy to establish and embrace long term and mutually beneficial relations between Indiana University Administration and AFSCME Police Local 683. This policy is supplemental to and not in lieu of the Conditions for Cooperation. In case of conflict between these policies, the Conditions for Cooperation and Articles of Cooperation shall control.
Neither the university nor the union will discriminate against any employee because of permitted employee organizational activities or membership, or the right to refrain from such activities or membership. There will be no discrimination against any employee in the application of the terms of any policy because of membership or non-membership in the union. No employee will be compensated in any way or receive special privileges for refraining from union activity or membership.
Names of officers and stewards and assigned areas must be furnished to the campus Human Resource office, who in turn shall advise all unit management personnel concerned.
These are meetings with the campus Human Resource office or within an individual department, annual negotiations under the Conditions for Cooperation or to serve on committees when union participation is requested.
Union officers or stewards will be released from their regular work shift without loss of pay to attend such union/management meetings provided the time spent is kept at a minimum. The time paid will be limited to actual meeting time plus necessary time, if any, spent during scheduled working hours, in traveling between the employee's work location and the meeting location.
The Union/management shall hold state-wide meetings via video-conference every six months unless the parties agree no meeting is necessary.
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This provision will remain in effect through June 30, 2015.
Time spent at union business meetings or conducting other union-related business such as solicitation of membership, dues or other internal organization business shall be conducted during non-work hours. Time away from work will either be without pay or charged against accumulated vacation or sick time at the employee's choice and subject to departmental policies and practices concerning the scheduling of such time.
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Any other information approved by the campus Director of Human Resources.


aiia Recordings is a Techno / Experimental label based in Lyon, France. The record company was launched by five friends during in January 2015. Their aim is to promote and help unknown and young artists such as Unc, Yaporigami and Schutzkontakt.


text:
Yale Study on Vaccines and Brain Disorders
WHAT IS THE TRENDING NEWS STORY
Yale University study shows association between vaccines and brain disorder
A team of researchers from the Yale School of Medicine and Penn State College of Medicine has found a disturbing association between the timing of vaccines and the onset of certain brain disorders in a subset of children. Analyzing five years' worth of private health insurance data of children ages 6-15, these scientists found that young people vaccinated in the previous three to 12 months were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with certain neuropsychiatric disorders than their non-vaccinated counterparts.[1]
WHY THE STORY HAS MISINFORMATION
The controversy regarding the link between vaccines and neurological damage is not due to over-vaccination, but specifically about the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine being a causative factor in autism and other developmental disorders as a result of mercury toxicity caused by thimerosal, a preservative used in some vaccines.[2] The study has shown no link between these products and the presence of developmental disorders.[3] The CDC is also adamant about the safety of vaccines, and vaccine ingredients in general.[3][4]
These statements from the article are misleading: "Scientists found that young people vaccinated in the previous three to 12 months were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with certain neuropsychiatric disorders than their non-vaccinated counterparts" and "children who had been vaccinated were 80 percent more likely to be diagnosed with anorexia and 25 percent more likely to be diagnosed with OCD than their non-vaccinated counterparts". The findings did not state that vaccinated children were more likely to be diagnosed with neuropsyciatric disorders but that the diagnoses were only associated with past vaccinations. The findings of the study were that children with OCD, anorexia nervosa (AN), anxiety disorder, and tic disorders were more likely to have received the influenza vaccine during the preceding 1-year period, and that the receipt of any vaccine was highest for children with AN, followed by children with OCD.[5]
The association therefore between modern vaccinations and serious neurological disorders is a true "urban myth". The true causes of many neurological diseases are largely unknown. In reality, the public should bear in mind that the case reports published in the literature have almost always shown only a temporal association between the administration of vaccines and neurological events, while controlled studies have either excluded such associations, as in the case of the MMR vaccine and autism, or have been unable to establish a causal link.[6] Even the article mentioning the dangers of vaccines leading to neuropsychiatric conditions makes this concession.[1]
Despite the initial observations, it is clear that inflammation does take place in neurodegenerative diseases, but its role is still a matter of debate.[7] Neurodegeneration is also observed in neuropscyhiatric disorders.[8] Neuroinflammatory responses may be helpful or harmful, as mechanisms associated with neuroinflammation are involved in normal brain development, as well as in neuropathological processes.[9]
No vaccine is perfectly safe. An adverse event can be said to be caused by a vaccine (i.e., a true reaction) if it is associated with a specific laboratory finding and a specific clinical syndrome, or both. Alternatively, a clinical or epidemiological study is needed to find out whether the rate of a given syndrome in vaccinated individuals exceeds that expected among UN-vaccinated controls.[10]
Children who are vaccinated may be simultaneously administered other medications such as sedative antihistamines, which may have a direct relationship to certain neuropsychiatric disorders.[11]
↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.ecowatch.com/yale-vaccine-study-kennedy-2246059411.html
↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796520/
↑ 3.0 3.1 https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html
↑ https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/thimerosal/index.html
↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24329535
↑ http://www.healing-arts.org/children/vaccines/
↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3540520
Kristel B. Tagatac
Melanie Whiteway
Spiros Theocharous
1,437 days ago
View all verifications
Retrieved from "https://verify.wiki/w/index.php?title=Yale_Study_on_Vaccines_and_Brain_Disorders&oldid=15263"


Eating according to the time is a type of disordered eating in which an individual will only eat food at specific times of the day, or only eat for a set amount of time when (s)he does choose to eat food. This type of disordered eating may be undertaken as a means of dieting to lose weight, or it may be undertaken as a coping mechanism in order to deal with emotional stress. Overcoming this type of disordered eating will depend upon why the individual chose to undertake such eating habits in the first place.
Some disordered eaters choose to eat only at particular times of day. For example, some people may feel that they can not eat food after a particular time of night out of fear that the calories will not be burned off and they will then gain weight. Similarly, some people may feel that they can only eat "heavy food" such as carbohydrates in the morning so that they can be sure to burn them off during the day. Still other people may assign types of food to particular times of day, for example carbohydrates in the mornings, proteins at mid-day and fruits and vegetables in the evening. Any food rules that are depended upon the time of day can be a type of disordered eating.
Some disordered eaters also set time limits as a part of their eating habits. These people often allow themselves to eat whenever they choose, but only for a set amount of time. This can be a behaviour similar to binge eating in which a disordered eater allows him or herself to eat whatever (s)he wants, so long as (s)he adheres to the time limit, or it may be that during these blocked eating sessions the individual follows other eating patterns as well. These patterns may also include eating particular foods depending on the time of day, eating food by texture or eating food by colour. It usually turns out that the more food rules that an individual follows at any one time mean the more disordered his or her overall eating patterns.
Like most disordered eating patterns, the best way to overcome eating according to time is to investigate why the disordered eater turned to this habit in the first place. Very often disordered eating begins as a way to lose weight or as a means of coping with emotional stress, but these are not the only reasons that someone may fall into the habit of eating at specific times or for specific amounts of time. Some people may have food allergies that they are not aware of, and it may be that they are better able to cope with their reactions at particular times of day. Others may have been "grazers" and would eat small amounts quite often and setting a limit was a way to try to consolidate their eating into one main meal. Those who eat according to the time may consider visiting a GP, nutrition professional, counsellor or therapist in order to help them discover why they began to eat in this manner and what would be the best strategies to stop doing so.
Eating according to the time is a type of disordered eating in which an individual will either eat only at a particular time of day or will only eat for a specific set time period. Understanding why a disordered eater has turned to these habits will help him or her to overcome them.


Based on popular usage, it is 4.291 times more common for Conall to be a boy's name.
I am not aware of any deceased famous people named Conall.
Get the meaning of the name Conall.
When naming your baby Conall, it's important to consider the gender of the name itself. When people look at the name Conall, they might ask the question, "is Conall a man or a woman?", or "what is the gender of the name Conall?" Some names are more gender neutral than others, and some names are more strongly associated with either males or females. Some spelling variations of the name Conall might be more popular than others. The Baby Name Guesser can answer all these questions about the name Conall. To find out more about Conall, Baby Name Guesser uses up-to-date data from across the Internet on how the name Conall is actually used.


Bloons TD 5 provides five-star tower defense gameplay which players can build impressive towers and complete the most popular tower defense in history. Besides, players can choose their favorite upgrades and hire Special agents to get achievements.
Bloons TD 5 can get more and more challenging while digging deep and deliver hours of fun to you. With amazing graphics, it's time for players to pop some Bloons! And the developer will keep the game fresh and fun with regular updates - making sure you can get new items to have fun.
✤ Bloons TD 5 now has 21 powerful towers with two upgrade paths, and you can use the Activated Abilities any time you want.
✤ Choose your favorite Speical Agents. Have a try of our two-player mode to play together on custom co-operative paths in Bloons TD 5.
✤ Bloons TD 5 will give you more than 250 random missions to complete and 50 tracks to play. Besides, there're ten special missions waiting for you in the game.
✤ After mastering a track, players will enter the free play mode. And you have three different modes to choose. Bloons TD 5 also has three difficulty settings for you to choose. And you can invite your family or friends to play together with you.
✤ Players can earn free Monkey Money by watching rewarded video ads.
✤ Bloons TD 5 will request the permissions to access your external storage on your Android devices to read and write.


text:
Proper 16B Sermon (2000)
Girardian Lectionary > Reflections > Year B > Proper 16B Sermon (2000)
Texts: Ephesians 6:10-20;
John 6:56-69; Josh 24
'OUR STRIVING WOULD BE LOSING'
I'd like to start with a very interesting letter that was faxed to the church on Friday. It's from an unusual source, the United Auto Workers Union, Local 180, their vice-president & chaplain, Kevin Mieczkowski. And what he has to say is quite unusual, I think, too:
Dear Church & Congregation:I am writing this letter in regards to the up coming Prayer Vigil or service to be held on August 29, 2000….
In light of the uncertainty in the Racine area, presently with the announcements of Sauer-Danfoss, Lake Electric and Case Corporation (CNH) on how many lives and jobs may be greatly affected. It's time to make a difference!
We come together as people of faith to recognize, to encourage and to pray for all the workers and their families who have fears and concerns of their future. Looking deeper than their own personal situation, what affect does it have in our community?
Bringing home a paycheck to feed your family, having clothes on your back, having shelter over your head. Knowing that part of your pay (taxes) are used to aid someone else to help the needy the poor, sick, and the elderly. Promote education, health and family recognition. Aiding the church. Being prideful, knowing that I gave and contribute not only to my family but also to the community. Being, that I am somebody! I can make a difference! I care!
I believe that it ought to be the goal of every human being not to exploit each other but to encourage one another. It is our duty to do the best we can with what we have to aid every human being.
We need to pray for the city, county, state and nation as a whole…. We are the community that cares about one another.
Sincerely and God Bless,
Kevin M. Mieczkowski
I lift up this letter because I think it fits well with our second lesson from Ephesians 6. It's a call to arms, in a sense. Mr. Mieczkowski speaks with a sense of urgency and passion, with the sense that something needs to be done. "It's time to make a difference!" But what? A word that is glaring to me is his word "uncertainty." "In light of the uncertainty in the Racine area." There's something wrong — isn't there? But what? He names the plant closings, but the scope and tenor of his letter seems to grope for something more. There's "uncertainty" in our community. I think he's right. But what is it? I don't think it's a feeling that's too much different than a lot of other communities across our nation and our world.
St. Paul tells us that it isn't flesh and blood we contend with. No, we fight "against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places." But, if that's the case, you can see why there's such "uncertainty." Who exactly is it that we fight against? What should we do? Pray, suggests Mr. Mieczkowski. And so does St. Paul:
Pray in the Spirit at all times in every prayer and supplication. To that end keep alert and always persevere in supplication for all the saints.
There's something else I think we need to see from this letter, though. A bit more troubling, perhaps, is the sense in this letter that we need to do something despite our best efforts. He names all the right things we do: 'Bringing home a paycheck for food, clothes and shelter; knowing that part of your pay (taxes) are used to aid the needy; promoting education and health care; aiding the church; contributing not only to family but also to community.' He even speaks of "the goal of every human being not to exploit each other but to encourage one another." Yet, despite all our best efforts, there's an "uncertainty" to which we must respond. We are called to make a difference against a foe that's uncertain, not flesh and blood, but unseen powers. Let's see if we can't shed a bit of light on this.
Take a quick look at Gen. 3 again, the story about the first man and woman in the garden, a story which is really about all of us. Notice, first of all, that the story doesn't say the serpent is some terrible creature, and certainly not some supernatural being like Satan. Later generations put all that stuff on the poor snake. No, the story simply says that the serpent is the craftiest creature in the garden. It's beguiling. And what he says is attractive, tempting, not fearsome.
Even more importantly, notice the point of contention in this story, the tree in the middle of the garden which they are not to touch. What is it called? The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Now, really, is knowledge about good and evil such a terrible thing? In fact, it sounds a lot like what Mr. Mieczkowski recited for us: 'Bringing home a paycheck, paying taxes to help the needy, aiding the church, not exploiting one another, etc.'
We are usually ready to summon up all kinds of otherworldly dark powers to explain our problems, our "uncertainties." But this biblical story seems to refrain from that. The serpent is not an otherworldly power, it is one of God's creatures, an alluring one, at that. And it's not some invisible demon dreaming up all kinds of bad stuff for us that gets us into trouble, it's our own decision to go after something as seemingly good as the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. It is us even striving to know the good and do it — and it still gets us into trouble. Why's that?
I had an explanation to answer this question. But, then, last night at the Saturday worship, I found something better — simpler and more to the point. We sang "A Mighty Fortress" from the Methodist hymnal, which has a different translation of Martin Luther's German, and here's how the second verse begins:
Did we in our own strength confide,
our striving would be losing. (1)
Did you catch that? Our striving would be losing. That says it all, I think. When it's in our own strength that we confide, all our striving ends up getting us nowhere. We can even try our best to do what's right, and we still run up against a wall of uncertainty. We end up facing these seemingly unnamed forces.
Well, with the word of God from Jesus, we can begin to name those powers we run up against. It's basically us. It's not necessarily just the "flesh and blood" us. It's something more. It's 'our strivings.' Our strivings, instead of us trying to do God's strivings. The problem is that it's only God's strivings that are big enough and loving enough to ultimately get the job done. Our strivings, no matter how well intentioned, no matter how good they seem, always wind up making someone lose. And when someone loses, the final score is that we all lose. We run up against these forces of darkness that leave us uncertain, at best.
There's so many examples. One might be the fight for equality over the past number of years. We've made so many strides forward; it seems like we've made so much progress in the fight for racial equality and the women's movement. And yet we continue to run up against unseen forces that leave us uncertain. Could it be that those forces are our own strivings, the ways in which if our efforts aren't rooted in God's strivings, we still end up losing? (2)
The issue we've named in recent weeks is economics. Our capitalist form of economics is undoubtedly the best that has ever come along, the best of our human strivings. But there is the uncertainty which Mr. Mieczkowski names, represented by some in our community who are losing out because of plant closings. Despite our best efforts, our striving would be losing. There's so many other areas: health and education, family, science and technology. The bottom line is that when these things are seen as our strivings only, we still end up losing somehow.
Why? It doesn't seem fair. Yet I believe that Jesus is the Word of Eternal Life which has come to show us why, and to promise us that God sent him to make it different. That rooted in Jesus, and in his striving, which were God's strivings, we could know and experience God's kingdom, where everyone is a winner. Jesus showed us why our best strivings aren't good enough. He showed us that, when in our own strength we confide, our desirings always turn to losing. Our desirings, our strivings, begin to conflict with one another until we rival one another and resent one another. Peter got it right in this morning's gospel reading, but by the end of the Gospel story, we see how even Peter and the disciples end up playing the games of rivalry. They ended up vying for the best positions around Jesus, who would sit on the right and the left, who would be first among them. All that rivalry and resentment threatens to blow us apart, to make it impossible for us to live together in community — until it finally finds its own way of coming together: by focusing on one who's to blame for the mess. Our desiring and striving finally come together by picking at least one loser, one scapegoat, if you will. Jesus was willing to take the place of even the scapegoat, to be the Lamb of God who we chew up. 'When we in our own strength confide, our striving turns to losing.' Someone always loses. The cross reveals to us that the foe, in essence, is us. Even the powers that go beyond simple flesh and blood are our strivings which leave God's strivings out of the equation.
But Jesus also came as the Bread of Life. This is one time when our striving began to turn in God's direction — not because we did something differently. No, our strivings ended up with the same old sacrifice. The difference was with God: that God had sent the Son this time as the one for us to sacrifice, and then raised him as the promise of something different. When we chew him up this Lamb of God, he forgives us, and he feeds us with God's love, God's strivings, so that when we go out our striving can be changed into something else besides losing: serving the Lord, going in peace.
Can we really do God's strivings and not just our own? Yes, and an essential part of that is 'praying in the Spirit.' And we came here this morning to do that, too, so let's get on with it….
Paul J. Nuechterlein,
Delivered at Emmaus Lutheran,
Racine, WI, August 26-27, 2000
1. Martin Luther, "A Mighty Fortress," verse 2, trans. by Frederick H. Hedge, 1853 (from the United Methodist Hymnal, 1989, #110).
2. For an insightful look at the women's movement, see Deadly Innocence: Feminism and the Mythology of Sin, by Angela West (London: Mowbray, 1995). A supporter and insider to the women's movement, Ms. West takes an honest look at how folks within the movement so often came to rival one another and fight with one another; and so she takes a closer look at the Christian doctrine of original sin, seeing many things that might be classified as very Girardian.


text:
Q: Example of differentiable function with $f'(s_{n})=0$ but $f'(0)>0$ Ex: Give an example of a differential function $f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $0$ is a limit (accumulation) point of a sequence of critic points ($f'(x)=0$) and however $f'(0)>0$
This may be related somehow with the fact that the set of critic points of a $C^1$-class function is closed (but I can't relate it!)
I think a fuction involving $\sin(1/x)$ or $\cos(1/x)$ may work with a sequence like $s_{n}=1/2n\pi$, but every fuction I try doesn't have derivate at 0.
Thanks!
Edit: I know that $x^2\sin(1/x)$ (with $f(0)=0$) has discontinuos derivative at zero, and if I add $kx$ then $f′(0)>0$. But I can't find a sequence of critical points converging to zero, because in the derivative I have a sine, a cosine and a constant ($k$).

A: As you have remarked one possible solution is
$$
f(x)=\frac{x}{2}+x^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)
$$
Note that, for $n\geq 1$,
$$
f'\left(\frac{1}{ \pi n}\right)=\frac{1}{2}-(-1)^n
$$
This means that $f'$ changes its sign on each interval $I_n=\left(\dfrac{1}{\pi(n+1)},\dfrac{1}{\pi n}\right)$, so there is some $s_n\in I_n$ such that $f'(s_n)=0$. Moreover, clearly $f'(0)=\dfrac{1}{2}$.

A: Something like $|x|^{3/2} \sin(1/x)$ will work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
SURPRISE!! Tijuana Donkey Showdown - Cover Reveal!
Well it looks like the cat is out of the bag. I have no idea how that could possibly have happened!
I didn't give anything away! I suspect there is a spy in the ranks somewhere intercepting my private messages. There is no other way people could have known!
I really do despair.
Anyway, now the secret is out, Mr. Adam Howe would like to tell you all about his new book, Tijuana Donkey Showdown and let you see, FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER, the wonderful cover. I have absolutely no idea what it is about because I have never, ever in my life heard that phrase before, honest gov!
If you have never read Adam Howe before then I can only suggest you check out my review of Die Dog or Eat the Hatchet, here, or my interview with him here, to see what he is all about.
Once you do that, then pay very close attention to the pre-order news further down the page and get yourself prepared to hit the important pages to do just that and pre-order this little gem, which promises to be another big hit.
Go Mr. Adam Howe……….
(Mr Howe clears throat)..........
Thank you Mr Murray.
As you've probably guessed from the title, Tijuana Donkey Showdown is a wholesome children's book about the rivalry between a pair of adorable jackasses at a Mexican petting zoo…
Just fucking with you.
It's as worrisome as it sounds.
But I won't rule out writing a children's book some day. If you were to remove the sleazy sex and depraved violence from my work, there's still a lot for a child to enjoy. And I aim to test this theory on my newborn daughter, Georgia Mae. If she grows up to be a basket case, I'll hold my hands up and admit I was wrong.
For the innocents among you – yeah, right – who would claim not to know what a 'donkey show' is – obviously this excludes Nev – let me clue you in: It's a live sex show involving a gal and a jackass.
Because sometimes Spearmint Rhino isn't enough.
A 'donkey show' is also the term used to describe a fucked-up situation.
And in Tijuana Donkey Showdown, that's exactly the kinda situation my character Reggie Levine finds himself in.
Tijuana Donkey Showdown is the (ahem) eagerly awaited sequel to Damn Dirty Apes from my Die Dog or Eat the Hatchet collection, in which I continue the misadventures (or prolong the misery) of my unlikely hero: ex-boxer turned strip club bouncer turned 'skunk ape' slayer, Reggie Levine.
In Damn Dirty Apes, Reggie led a misfit posse on a backwoods safari to rescue the local high school football mascot, Boogaloo Baboon, from an oversexed skunk ape, and stumbled across a gang of meth-cooking bikers.
As Reggie himself admits:
"Probably that sounds a little strange to you? Well, no shit. I was there and I still struggle to believe it really happened."
When we catch up with Reggie in Tijuana Donkey Showdown, the events of Apes have since been adapted into a critically panned Video on Demand motion picture directed by Uwe Boll and starring Academy Award winner Nicolas Cage as Reggie. (I can neither confirm nor deny rumours that Mr. Cage makes an explosive, gotta-read-it-to-believe-it cameo in Tijuana Donkey Showdown.) Reggie has become a local celebrity in his small town of Bigelow, Arkansas, and is much in demand as a yokel troubleshooter, or a one-man A-Team, as he puts it.
When a seedy used-car salesman named Harry Muffet recruits Reggie to retrieve his prize Chinese crested terrier from a fleapit roadside zoo, where the ugly fucking show dog has been mistaken for the chupacabra, Reggie soon finds himself embroiled in a deadly criminal conspiracy involving neo-Nazi drug smugglers, a wannabe serial killer, an ornery Vietnam veteran, a badass veterinarian, and a freakishly endowed adult entertainment donkey named Enrique. (And maybe, maybe not Nicolas Cage; I simply cannot say.)
Pretty much business as usual for Reggie Levine.
There's not a lot more I can tell you without giving away spoilers…
So how about we drop the curtain on some art?
The cover for my previous book, Die Dog or Eat the Hatchet, was so well received, that this one really had to be special. I kept seeing the work of this 'Mike Tenebrae' dude on my Facebook feed. I understand that Mike is a friend of Confessions! So you don't need me to tell you how crazy talented this guy is. I didn't have much in the way of an art budget, but I figured there was no harm in reaching out to him, even if only for future reference. To my surprise, Mike dug my pitch for a 'video box art'-style poster, agreed to work in exchange for glamour shots of myself in compromising poses, and created something that exceeded my giddy expectations. This led to Comet Press commissioning Mike for the cover design, and again, he knocked it out of the park. So, big props to Mike; he'll be my first port of call as and when I write that children's book.
Tijuana Donkey Showdown is now available for pre-order in advance of a December 9th release. Plenty of time for those of you who haven't read Damn Dirty Apes in the Die Dog or Eat the Hatchet collection to get yourselves up to speed. Between now and then, I'll be sharing early reviews as part of my promotion.
Like these, from Messrs. James Newman and Pete Kahle:
"It would be easy to say that Adam Howe writes like Lansdale on meth, or like '80s action-movie icon Shane Black on crack, so I won't say that. I will say that I have yet to read anything by Howe that didn't have me laughing so hard I wondered more than once as I flipped the pages if I might have sprained something vital inside of me. He's done it again with TIJUANA DONKEY SHOWDOWN. The only thing I hate about this guy's books is the fact that, as soon as I finish one, there's not another I can start right away. Dammit."
James Newman (author of UGLY AS SIN, ODD MAN OUT, and ANIMOSITY)
"Adam Howe has oodles of insane talent. His latest offering, TIJUANA DONKEY SHOWDOWN, is the perfect follow-up to DAMN DIRTY APES. It reads like the script of the greatest B-movie ever, written by the unholy offspring of Joe R. Lansdale and Jeff Strand, and directed by Uwe Boll. Howe is a purveyor of beautiful, ridiculous violence, and I hope the misadventures of Reggie Levine continue for a long time."
Pete Kahle (award-winning author of THE SPECIMEN)
If that doesn't whet your appetite – tough crowd – I would ask you to look closely at this picture of my daughter Georgia Mae, and consider that, much to my surprise as a new parent, babies require food and clothing; I would hate for you to be complicit in her neglect. So please, pre-order generously.
PS. Some of you may be wondering: How far did I take my research? Did I actually witness a live donkey show in preparation for this book, in order to give my readers the gritty realism they have come to expect from the author of titles like Jesus In A Dog's Ass and Of Badgers & Porn Dwarfs? Alas, I was unable to attend a live donkey show; although Gabino Iglesias assures me the offer remains open when I next visit the States. However, in the name of art, I did investigate this particular paraphilia at notorious bestiality website, Rustler. The site has since been shut down pending the outcome of a lawsuit issued by Larry Flynt. Curious parties should contact me personally for the video(s). But rest assured I was thorough in my research. And that it was not my proudest wank.
PPS. After the Damn Dirty Apes controversy, I was mindful not to anger any other factions of the cryptozoological community. I'm pleased to report that I've yet to hear a peep from the C.D.L aka the Chupacabra Defamation League. This may change when Tijuana Donkey Showdown is translated into Spanish.
Tijuana Donkey Showdown is not fully available for pre-order in advance of a December 9 release, as yet.
As soon as it is though, Confessions will let you know in a style Mr Cage would be very proud of!
Reggie Levine, ex-boxer turned bouncer, and hapless hero, has barely recovered from his ordeal in Damn Dirty Apes, when he is called back to action. Recruited to a retrieve a Chinese crested terrier from a fleapit roadside zoo, where the ugly effing show dog has been mistaken for the chupacabra, Reggie finds himself embroiled in a deadly criminal conspiracy involving neo-Nazi drug smugglers, a seedy used-car salesman, a wannabe serial killer, an ornery Vietnam veteran, a badass veterinarian, a freakishly endowed adult entertainment donkey named Enrique, and in an explosive cameo, an Academy Award winning Hollywood icon.
From Adam Howe, writer of Die Dog or Eat the Hatchet, Black Cat Mojo, and the winner of Stephen King's On Writing contest, comes another slice of pulp Southern crime, 80s action, pop Americana, and pitch-black comedy.
Adam Howe writes the twisted fiction your mother warned you about. A British writer of fiction and screenplays, he lives in London with his partner, their daughter, and a hellhound named Gino.
Writing as Garrett Addams, his short story Jumper was chosen by Stephen King as the winner of the international On Writing contest, and published in the paperback/Kindle editions of King's memoir.
His fiction has appeared in places like Nightmare Magazine, Thuglit, Mythic Delirium, and Year's Best Hardcore Horror Volume 1. He is the author of Tijuana Donkey Showdown, and two novella collections, Die Dog or Eat the Hatchet, and Black Cat Mojo.
In the pipeline: the occult thriller Scapegoat, co-written with James Newman, a horror/crime collaboration with Adam Cesare, and 80s action throwback, One Tough Bastard.
And for more about Adam, visit his site or find him on social media:
Posted by Unknown at Monday, October 10, 2016
Labels: Adam Howe, books, confessions of a reviewer, cover reveal, guest posts, horror, Mike Tenebrae, Tijuana Donkey Showdown


text:
Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report
Differences in Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes Among Hispanic/Latino Men and Women Receiving HIV Medical Care — United States, 2013–2014
Ruth E. Luna-Gierke, MPH; R. Luke Shouse, MD; Qingwei Luo, MS; Emma Frazier, PhD; Guangnan Chen, MD; Linda Beer, PhD
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2018;67(40):1109-1114.
Abstract and Introduction
The prevalence of diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States is approximately twice that of non-Hispanic whites.[1] Barriers to, and experiences with, medical care have been found to vary by sex.[2] Describing characteristics of Hispanics/Latinos in care by sex can help identify disparities and inform delivery of tailored services to this underserved population. Data from the 2013 and 2014 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) were analyzed to describe demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics among Hispanics/Latinos by sex. MMP is an annual cross-sectional, nationally representative surveillance system that, during 2013–2014, collected information about behaviors, medical care, and clinical outcomes among adults receiving outpatient HIV care. Hispanic/Latina women were significantly more likely than were men to live in poverty (78% versus 54%), report not speaking English well (38% versus 21%), and receive interpreter (27% versus 16%), transportation (35% versus 21%), and meal (44% versus 26%) services. There were no significant differences between Hispanic/Latino women and men in prescription of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (95% versus 96%) or sustained viral suppression (68% versus 73%). Although women faced greater socioeconomic and language-related challenges, the clinical outcomes among Hispanic/Latina women were similar to those among men, perhaps reflecting their higher use of ancillary services. Levels of viral suppression for Hispanics/Latinos are lower than those found among non-Hispanic whites[3] and lower than the national prevention goal of at least 80% of persons with diagnosed HIV infection. Providers should be cognizant of the challenges faced by Hispanics/Latinos with HIV infection in care and provide referrals to needed ancillary services.
MMP data were collected annually during 2013–2014 using three consecutive sampling stages (states and territories, outpatient HIV facilities, and patients), and response rates for the two cycle-years of data that were included in the analysis were 100% (states and territories), 85%–86% (outpatient HIV facilities) and 55%–56% (patients). Data were collected using face-to-face or telephone interviews and medical record abstraction from June 2013 through May 2015.
The analysis included 1,774 men and 577 women who self-identified as Hispanic or Latino, regardless of race. Data were self-reported from the interview and abstracted from the respondent's medical record. Data were weighted based on known probabilities of selection and adjusted for facility and patient non-response. Rao-Scott chi-square tests were used to assess differences by sex; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Selected sociodemographic and behavioral variables, use of ancillary services, and clinical outcomes are presented by sex. All analyses accounted for the complex sample design and weights.
Women were significantly more likely than were men to live in poverty (78% versus 54%), live in a household with ≥1 dependents aged <18 years (66% versus 37%), have public insurance coverage (72% versus 54%) and, among those living outside of Puerto Rico, report not speaking English well (38% versus 21%) (Table 1). Compared with men, women were less likely to have more than a high school education (28% versus 47%), be employed (29% versus 48%), have any private insurance (14% versus 22%), and have been born outside the United States (36% versus 45%). Women most often reported their country or region of origin in the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico) (38%), followed by the mainland United States (33%). Men most often reported the mainland United States as their country or region of origin (36%), followed by Mexico and Central America (32%) (Table 1). Women were also less likely than were men to report using stimulants (3% versus 10%), non-injection drugs (8% versus 23%), injection drugs (0.4% versus 3%), or any opioids (0.8% versus 3%) (Table 2). Women were more likely than men to receive interpreter (27% versus 16%), transportation (35% versus 21%), and meal services (44% versus 26%). Women did not report a greater unmet need for these services than did men. Among women and men, prescription of antiretroviral therapy (95% versus 96%) and prevalence of sustained viral suppression (68% versus 73%) did not significantly differ.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2018;67(40):1109-1114. © 2018 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Table 1. Selected characteristics of Hispanics/Latinos receiving medical care for diagnosed HIV infection, by sex — United States, 2013–2014*
Total (N = 2,351)
Men (N = 1,774)
Women (N = 577)
Rao-Scott chi-square p-value comparing men and women
% (95% CI)†
<High school 741 33.5 (29.4–37.7) 487 29.2 (25.4–33.0) 254 48.0 (38.5–57.4) <0.0001
High school diploma or GED 571 24.1 (22.2–26.1) 435 24.3 (21.9–26.7) 136 23.6 (20.0–27.2)
>High School 1,038 42.3 (37.8–46.8) 852 46.5 (42.2–50.8) 186 28.4 (19.6–37.3)
Employed 1,028 43.2 (39.3–47.1) 860 47.5 (43.9–51.1) 168 28.8 (24.2–33.3) <0.0001
Unemployed 415 19.6 (17.2–21.9) 322 20.0 (17.7–22.3) 93 18.2 (13.2–23.1)
Other 908 37.3 (32.7–41.8) 592 32.5 (28.9–36.2) 316 53.1 (46.1–60.0)
Annual household income
<$19,999 1,642 73.3 (70.0–76.5) 1,174 69.9 (66.5–73.3) 468 84.0 (80.9–87.1) <0.0001
$20,000–$39,999 411 18.4 (16.1–20.6) 343 20.4 (18.0–22.7) 68 12.1 (9.1–15.0)
≥$40,000 179 8.4 (6.7–10.0) 153 9.8 (7.7–11.8) 26 3.9 (2.5–5.4)
No. of household dependents aged <18 years
0 565 54.7 (50.7–58.7) 449 63.2 (58.6–67.9) 116 34.1 (25.8–42.3) <0.0001
1–2 374 37.0 (33.4–40.5) 204 29.9 (25.7–34.2) 170 53.9 (46.6–61.2)
≥3 85 8.4 (6.6–10.1) 49 6.8 (4.8–8.8) 36 12.1 (7.8–16.3)
Household poverty level§
Above 891 40.7 (36.2–45.2) 766 46.5 (42.3–50.8) 125 22.2 (18.1–26.3) <0.0001
At or below 1,340 59.3 (54.8–63.8) 904 53.5 (49.2–57.7) 436 77.8 (73.7–81.9)
Health coverage or coverage for medications
Any private insurance 454 20.4 (17.7–23.2) 375 22.3 (19.2–25.3) 79 14.3 (11.1–17.5) <0.0001
Public insurance only 1,363 57.9 (50.7–65.0) 954 53.6 (47.4–59.8) 409 72.2 (63.8–80.6)
Uninsured or Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program coverage only 481 21.7 (15.3–28.0) 411 24.1 (18.2–30.1) 70 13.5 (6.3–20.7)
Homeless¶ 155 7.2 (5.7–8.7) 129 7.9 (6.3–9.6) 26 4.6 (2.9–6.4) 0.0015
HIV acquisition risk
MSM 1,031 44.4 (39.4–49.4) 1,031 57.8 (53.8–61.8) N/A N/A N/A
IDU 189 7.9 (6.3–9.6) 146 7.9 (5.7–10.1) 43 7.9 (5.5–10.4) N/A
MSM and IDU 55 2.3 (1.5–3.1) 55 3.0 (2.0–4.0) N/A N/A N/A
Heterosexual contact 405 16.3 (12.4–20.1) 119 7.0 (5.3–8.8) 286 46.8 (38.2–55.4) N/A
Other** 671 29.1 (26.7–31.5) 423 24.2 (21.8–26.6) 248 45.3 (37.4–53.2) N/A
Speaks English (mainland United States only)
Well/Very well 1,400 75.4 (72.5–78.3) 1,153 79.0 (76.2–81.9) 247 62.0 (56.1–67.8) <0.0001
Not well/Not well at all 473 24.6 (21.7–27.5) 317 21.0 (18.1–23.8) 156 38.0 (32.2–43.9)
Foreign born 982 43.2 (33.1–53.4) 786 45.3 (36.4–54.2) 196 36.4 (22.6–50.2) 0.0007
Country or region of origin
Mainland United States 751 35.5 (28.3–42.8) 586 36.4 (29.7–43.0) 165 32.8 (22.7–42.9) <0.0001
Mexico and Central America 706 29.9 (21.7–38.2) 568 31.6 (24.3–38.8) 138 24.6 (13.1–36.0)
South America 142 6.8 (4.5–9.1) 118 7.5 (5.1–9.8) 24 4.6 (1.9–7.3)
Caribbean (including Puerto Rico) 741 27.8 (11.7–43.8) 492 24.6 (10.6–38.6) 249 38.1 (16.9–59.3)
Median years of U.S. residence (range)†† — 19.7 (0–62) — 19.7 (0–62) — 19.3 (0–59) —
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; GED = General Educational Development; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IDU = injection drug user; MSM = men who have sex with men; N/A = not applicable.
*Numbers might not sum to total because of missing data. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding. All estimates are based on self-report from interview except where otherwise noted. All estimates are based on the 12 months preceding interview except where otherwise noted.
†Percentages are weighted percentages. 95% confidence intervals incorporate weighted percentages.
§Poverty guidelines as defined by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/faq.cfm.
¶Living on the street, in a shelter, in a single-room-occupancy hotel, or in a car.
**Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
††Among persons who were foreign-born.
Table 2. Selected behaviors and clinical outcomes of Hispanics/Latinos receiving medical care for diagnosed HIV infection, by sex — United States, 2013–2014*
Behavior/Clinical outcome
Meets criteria for depression, past 2 weeks
No 1,854 80.2 (78.4–81.9) 1,425 81.6 (79.8–83.4) 429 75.5 (71.9–79.1) 0.0058
Other depression 235 9.7 (8.2–11.1) 166 9.1 (7.7–10.6) 69 11.3 (8.6–14.0)
Major depression 235 10.2 (8.6–11.7) 160 9.3 (7.7–10.8) 75 13.2 (9.7–16.7)
Binge drinking in past 30 days 401 16.6 (14.7–18.6) 353 19.3 (16.9–21.6) 48 8.0 (4.9–11.1) <0.0001
Non-IDU 423 19.5 (16.7–22.3) 380 23.1 (20.0–26.2) 43 7.7 (5.4–10.0) <0.0001
IDU 58 2.3 (1.7–2.9) 54 2.9 (2.1–3.7) 4 0.4§ (0.1–0.7) <0.0001
Stimulant use 197 8.5 (7.1–9.9) 178 10.2 (8.4–12.0) 19 2.9 (1.3–4.6) <0.0001
Any opioid use 65 2.6 (1.9–3.2) 59 3.1 (2.3–3.9) 6 0.8§ (0.1–1.6) 0.002
Receipt of services
Interpreter 420 18.9 (14.1–23.7) 283 16.4 (12.9–19.9) 137 27.1 (15.8–38.4) 0.0063
Transportation 550 24.5 (20.6–28.3) 364 21.4 (18.0–24.7) 186 34.8 (25.5–44.0) 0.0006
Meal 713 30.5 (27.4–33.7) 467 26.4 (23.4–29.4) 246 44.1 (39.4–48.8) <0.0001
Unmet need for services
Interpreter 23 0.8 (0.4–1.3) 16 0.8§ (0.3–1.3) 7 0.9§ (0.2–1.7) 0.7522
Transportation 224 9.4 (7.8–10.9) 165 9.2 (7.5–10.9) 59 10.0 (7.1–12.8) 0.5992
Meal 213 8.8 (7.5–10.2) 161 8.9 (7.4–10.3) 52 8.7 (6.2–11.2) 0.9237
STD screening¶
Gonorrhea 1,334 54.1 (48.7–59.5) 1,020 55.0 (49.8–60.1) 314 51.2 (42.0–60.4) 0.3408
Chlamydia 1,325 53.9 (48.8–59.1) 1,013 54.7 (49.8–59.7) 312 51.2 (42.6–59.9) 0.3425
Syphilis 1,694 70.4 (67.2–73.7) 1,317 72.5 (69.1–75.8) 377 63.7 (57.3–70.2) 0.0069
ART prescribed¶ 2,244 95.9 (95.1–96.7) 1,698 96.1 (95.2–97.0) 546 95.1 (93.2–97.1) 0.3652
Adherent, past 3 days** 1,939 88.5 (86.7–90.3) 1,461 88.1 (86.3–89.8) 478 90.1 (86.4–93.7) 0.3078
Sustained viral suppression¶ 1,707 71.8 (69.4–74.2) 1,311 72.9 (70.2–75.6) 396 68.0 (62.7–73.3) 0.0888
Abbreviations: ART = antiretroviral therapy; CI = confidence interval; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IDU = injection drug use; STD = sexually transmitted disease.
* Numbers might not sum to total because of missing data. Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding. All estimates are based on self-report from interview except where otherwise noted. All estimates are based on the 12 months preceding interview except where otherwise noted.
§Coefficient of variation >0.30; estimate might be unstable.
¶Estimates from medical record abstraction. Abstractions were performed at the usual source of outpatient HIV medical care in the 12 months before the last care visit.
**Among persons taking ART, took 100% of ART doses in the past 3 days.
Authors and Disclosures
Ruth E. Luna-Gierke, MPH1, R. Luke Shouse, MD1, Qingwei Luo, MS1,2, Emma Frazier, PhD1, Guangnan Chen, MD1,2 and Linda Beer, PhD1
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC; 2ICF International, Fairfax, Virginia.
Ruth E. Luna-Gierke, RGierke@cdc.gov.
All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
What is already known about this topic?
The prevalence of diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States is approximately twice that of non-Hispanic whites. Describing Hispanics/Latinos with HIV-infection in medical care by sex could inform service delivery.
What is added by this report?
During 2013–2014, among Hispanics/Latinos with HIV infection in care, women were significantly more likely than were men to live in poverty, have English language difficulties, and receive ancillary services. Prescription of antiretroviral therapy and sustained viral suppression did not significantly differ by sex.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Providers should be cognizant of the challenges faced by Hispanics/Latinos with HIV-infection in care and provide referrals to needed ancillary services.
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Overtime Pay Update
Under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), employers must pay an employee an overtime rate of at least one and one-half times the regular pay rate for any hours in excess of 40 hours a week. There are exemptions from this requirement for several types of employees, including employees in executive, administrative, or professional capacities.
Two recent decisions by federal appellate courts illustrate the fine distinctions that are sometimes made between employees who are deemed entitled to overtime and those who are not because they are employed in an "administrative" capacity.
Under the FLSA and its regulations, an employee earning at least a threshold amount per week is an administrative employee if his or her primary duties consist of the performance of office or nonmanual work directly related to the management policies or general business operations of the employer or the employer's customers and if the work requires the exercise of discretion and independent judgment.
Insurance Adjusters Exempt
In the first case, the primary duty of an insurance company's automobile damage adjusters consisted of the assessment, negotiation, and settlement of automobile damage claims, making the adjusters exempt from the FLSA overtime pay provision. The fact that the adjusters engaged in total-loss negotiations 20 times per year demonstrated that their duty included the exercise of discretion and independent judgment.
The adjusters also worked in the absence of immediate supervision the majority of the time and made decisions that were reviewed only after the estimate had been written and the claim had been paid. They had full authority to settle claims within their limits of $10,000 or $15,000, as long as they could justify their decision on the facts of each claim, thereby binding their employer financially.
Saleswoman Entitled to OT
By contrast, in the second case, an advertising saleswoman for a magazine publisher, who was also compensated weekly above the threshold amount, was not an "administrative employee" for the purposes of the FLSA, and thus was entitled to overtime pay.
The employer pointed out that the employee's responsibilities included developing new clients, with the goal of increasing sales generally, and that this task concerned general management and business operations. That was true as far as it went, but the fact remained that the employee's primary duty, meaning the duty that consumed a major part, or over 50%, of her time, was simply to sell specific advertising space to clients. Since, in the court's view, the employee was "plainly a salesperson," she had to receive overtime pay whenever it was earned.
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Mayor Britten presented awards at the 2015 NSW Volunteer of the Year ceremony in Cooma on Tuesday 1 September.
The Centre of Volunteering held this year's NSW Volunteer of the Year Award Ceremony at Cooma's Ex-Services Club.
Nominees included Eden Marine High School students for the 'Volunteer Team Excellence' award for their support of Bupa Aged Care in Eden.
Volunteering in NSW provides 235 million work hours each year, contributing to $5 billion to the State's economy.
Council alone has 364 volunteers involved in a range of projects and activities across the Shire.
Cr Michael Britten presented numerous awards at the event saying it was a wonderful opportunity to recognise the valuable contribution of volunteers.
"The role that Eden Marine High School students are playing to support residents of Bupa Aged Care is impressive. Congratulations to the team and their teachers for their outstanding contribution to their local community," he said.
The Award program is sponsored by the NSW Government, ClubsNSW and Bupa Aged Care.
For volunteering opportunities please call Bronty Burhop on 6499 2263 e-mail volunteers@begavalley.nsw.gov.au or visit Council's website.