Just a bit farther south from the Arkansas River tour, the Great Sand Dunes National Park is one of the most magical places in the state, and camping here for a night or two should surely be on every Colorado traveler's bucket list. And fear not, San Luis Valley Brewing in Alamosa, just a thirty minute jaunt from the Dunes, is brewing perfect beers for the climate and region. Enjoy a tasting tray and then buy a bomber of their Valle Caliente, (a spicy Mexican lager), or a growler of the refreshing, more tame, Valle Especial, to sip back at the Sand Dunes along the only place in the world where the river has a tide.
Headed home from here? Drive east on 160 back to I25 and stop in at your favorite Colorado Springs brewery. Going farther? Take the half-hour ride west to Del Norte, and get ready for Colorado's biggest little surprise, and a lot more beer . . .
After the thirty-mile drive between Alamosa and Del Norte, you'll arrive at the legendary Three Barrel Brewing, once housed in the back of an insurance agency, but now remodeled for a full brewery and food operation. John, the owner and operator of Three Barrel, loves to hear thoughts from his patrons about his beer and the brewing process. He's proud of the craft beer scene in the San Luis Valley and in Colorado. And he should be, because he's at the heart of it all . . .
Three Barrel Brewing represents everything that a small microbrewery in Colorado can be . . . crafty and individualized, aspirations for expansion, a variety of styles, and an ideal to use local ingredients like both hops and malts grown in the stunning San Luis Valley. John is a man who knows his beer and the ingredients that goes into it. And he enjoys opening up his doors to share the flavorful suds that he's brewing in his three-barrel system. For anyone headed to Durango, this is not a brewery to forgo for the sake of time . . . just confirm the open hours before going.
From Del Norte, delight in the scenic drive over Wolf Creek pass, and then drop into Pagosa Springs, where right across the street from one another, you can enjoy the extract brew at Pagosa Pub Works and the awesome summer beer garden of Pagosa Brewing Company. Pairing a large Pagosa Brewing sample tray with pretzels and fried green beans is a must here, and it will give you the impression that you've teleported to Munich.
Pagosa Springs is another town to allow some time to wander around, and the hot springs, (though the cost might cut into your beer budget), are a delightful way to spend the afternoon rejuvenating your driving woes and your beer curl muscles. After enjoying all that there is to offer in Pagosa Springs, head on to Durango and other wonderful San Juan adventures.


Warm candle light in the evening.
Reminder of a fun walk with Megan.
The cozy feeling I have when I step outside at night and look back at my home.
The two I treasure most cuddling and falling asleep together.
When Chuck returns home tomorrow we are taking off for a weekend get away. I will be back Monday with pictures of the fun. I hope that you are taking time to enjoy the simple moments!
Any ideas what was done with all of this?
Sixty bags or as Chuck likes to tell me 3600 lbs of concrete. Remember a few years ago when I posted about a leak in a drain pipe? Well, the hole has been here for what seems like forever. Chuck did use scrap wood to cover it so it wasn't like we were falling in the hole while on the back porch.
We don't have credit cards and needed the funds to finish this project. You know how it goes... when we had the time there was no money and when there was money there was no time. Finally time and money came together to get this done.
Megan loves to help out. She carried down a piece of 2x4 that was used as a frame.
Saturday was a chilly day and our crew showed up nice and early. Here my dad (in the shorts) and my father-in-law are helping Chuck.
Almost done and I was starting to get excited!
After all of their hard work I thought it was only right to feed the crew.
Nothing better on a chilly day then a nice pot of chili. That was served along with toasted cheese and homemade apple crisp.
I am so happy (and so is Chuck!) to have this project marked off of the list.
It has been a long weekend so I am off to bed. Tomorrow I am going to finish laundry and make some applesauce. I hope that you are taking time to enjoy the simple moments!
As many of you know the great State of Indiana has had a very dry summer. Yesterday there was another field fire and 160 acres of corn were lost. I saw the clouds moving in and thought do I dare hope that rain is coming? Come it did!
It started out with a slow pitter patter on the tin porch roof and then it let loose.
When it has been dry for so long what is a girl to do when the rain starts? Go out and play of course!
We still need more rain, but I am so thankful for what we received.
It was such a treat to sit outside and smell the wonderful scent of rain!
I have been working on a new header. All of the pictures except for the center one I have taken. The center picture is a special to me picture. It was taken some time in the 1950's and is a picture of my Granny's home. She is my great grandmother who lived in Lucketts, VA. I have great memories of visiting Granny's. From the wood stove in the kitchen, collecting eggs, seeing my first runt piglet, sitting on front porch, playing with a favorite cousin, Georgie and so many more! The farm and house are still in my family. George's mom is still living there.
I hope that everyone had a great weekend. My weekend started out with a play date at a local park Friday afternoon.
The only thing that has changed about this park in twenty years is new paint and mature trees. There are still the old metal slides and merry go round. It was lots of fun and we are hoping to make it a monthly thing.
Saturday was the company picnic for Chuck's work. This year they hosted it at a place that has a pioneer settlement.
One of the great things about this place is that it is very hands on. Megan pretended to pump water.
We watched the blacksmith make nails.
It was such a neat thing to watch!
After lots of walking Megan decided it was break time.
By this time we had walked and walked and it was about all that a four year old could handle. We headed off for a cold drink and then home.
It is starting to look a little bit like fall! We are still having some 90* days, but the mornings and nights are getting cooler.
In my spare time I worked on laundry and changing out Megan's clothes. All of her winter items are washing, ironed and put away. I have a couple stacks of summer clothes to look through and decide if they should be stored for next year or given away. I hope to hit our room this week and do the same thing. We don't have much to switch out, but it is always good to go through things and get rid of items we are no longer wearing.
It looks to be a busy week with school, babysitting, housework and few fun things on my list. I hope that you are taking time to enjoy the simple moments!
Time had certainly been marching on around here! Last Wednesday Chuck came down with the stomach flu. I caught it Wednesday night and by Thursday Megan was feeling bad. All three of us sick at the same time was not fun! Luckily Megan had it least of any of us. As you all know it is hard to see your child not feeling well. The plus of the whole thing is that by Friday we all were feeling better and ended up having a relaxing weekend. Sad that it sometimes takes getting sick to make you slow down.
I haven't done much fall decorating yet. My tubs are still down in the shed. I did buy some mums a couple of weeks ago.
A couple of pot to put here and there and the rest were placed in the ground. It is super dry here and I am hoping that they will make it.
Since it has been so dry I have been making sure that the bird bath has fresh water every evening.
Not many bird have been out, but the squirrels have been using it. It is so dry that the other day a squirrel keep watching us while on the swing set and keep creeping closer and closer to the bird bath. He finally risked it for a drink. I have never seen the squirrels get that close while we have been out.
This is a picture of my front lawn.
That will give you an idea of how dry it is. The area farmers are having a hard time because of it. The other day there were three field fires in one day. Unfortunately not only crops were damaged, one family lost their home.
This time of year evenings are a favorite time of mine. We have been spending some time out enjoying the cooler weather. The other night we stayed out well past dark, lite a candle and then ended up putting on a puppet shadow show.
It really is the simple things that make life fun!
Chuck and Megan have a special time at bedtime. After we read a story and have prayer time I leave the room.
Megan asks Daddy to tell her a story about her friends. They make us stories about each of her favorite stuffed animals. Chuck has stated writing down the stories they create so we can create a book for her. It really warms my heart to see them have this special time.
I hope that you are taking time to enjoy the simple moments!
No place to be and beautiful weather. Windows were wide open and a fresh breeze blew through out my home all day.
Laundry hung out to dry.
Banana bread fresh from the oven cooling.
A sweet sleeping child tuckered out from all the fresh air and outside play.
Some time to tweak. I had a coupon and tarts were on sale at Yankee Candle so I stocked up. I love the way they look displayed in this glass jar.
Time to relax with the soft glow of candle light and a wonderful fragrance of Farmers Market.
It was the kind of day that just clicked along and make me praise the Lord for all of my blessings. I love a day like this. I feel tired and content and know that I will sleep well tonight. I hope you were able to find time to cherish the simple things today.
I hope that you all enjoyed your long weekend. We sure did. I teased Chuck and told him that he gets a Labor Day holiday so he can labor at home!
Faith, our youngest niece, celebrated her first birthday this weekend.
She was so dainty while eating her cake and was not happy to have dirty hands. It was funny to watch.
Sunday evening we went to my parents to take the steps out of their pool. It is hard to believe that it is that time already. It feels like we were just getting the pool ready. After a dinner of my mom's fried chicken we all headed out to the pool.
With the cooler temperatures we have been having the water is too cold for swimming. The girls still had a fun time dipping in their toes. Notice the dryer sheets? That was my sister's idea for mosquito protection!
Monday was spent working outside. While Chuck worked on prepping our shed for paint I painted my potting bench and then gave the back porch a really good clean.
Boy did it need it! I hadn't realized how dirty the siding or windows had become. I am amazed at how clear my view is now. I will have to put outside window cleaning on the list more then just spring and fall.
When I was almost done with the porch a new neighbor came by. He asked us to join his family for an early dinner. They are Mexican and served steak and pork in homemade corn tortillas. Yummy! We had spoken to them in passing and it was great to get to know them better.
Here is the potting bench almost complete.
The buckets are something I got on clearance after Easter. I got them dirt cheap and love the way they look. Eventually I will paint them with chalkboard paint and then I can mark what is in them.
After so much time spent outside I am off to give the inside of my home and little TLC. Have a great Tuesday!
Yesterday we headed out to a local orchard.
I love this picture. It just screams peace, quiet and simplicity to me.
There was fun area for pictures and I couldn't resist taking a picture of the apple of my eye!
There was plenty room for Abe to run. He worked off a lot of energy and took a long afternoon nap.
Hey Mama, here are some apples!
I came home with 1/2 bushel of some firm, tart, delicious apples. I'll share next week what I do with them.
I am looking forward to a long weekend. We get to see my brother-in-law who just returned from Afghanistan and have many things on list for around home. Hope you have a great weekend!


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text:
Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
e-ISSN: 2321-6182 p-ISSN: 2347-2332
COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF MAIN METHODS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL TESTS
Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal*
Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal
Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology
Department of Biological Chemistry , Regional University of Cariri – URCA,
Crato- CE, Brazil, Rua Cel. Antônio Luís 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000
Tel: +55 (86) 998417808
Fax: +55(88) 2156 0603
E-mail: antoniolinkoln@hotmail.com
Received date: 25/01/2019; Accepted date: 14/02/2019; Published date: 25/02/2019
Visit for more related articles at Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Bacteria present great importance in the clinic, where the mechanisms to combat these pathogens appear more and more to find a substance with low cost, good pharmacological properties and low toxicity. It can be mentioned that the main microbiological methodologies found in the literature for the detection of bacterial and fungal activity can be of three types: bio autographic, dilution and diffusion. Generally the techniques used are disk diffusion, cavity diffusion, agar paste, agar dilution and broth dilution. These assays are quantitative methods in which the effects can be classified. Experiments as an in vitro experimental model are the results of competition. The different types according to the method employed, such as diffusion assays in the medium, are capable of influencing the oxidation of compounds that favor the development of bacterial membrane. Objective: to gather the main methodologies applied in the antibacterial test and those that help to corroborate with the antimicrobial research, where comparisons will be made between methodologies applied by the authors, but with the intention of providing the execution protocol for each of the cited trials. The materials were collected in the main databases, using articles, books, technical manuals and international regulations, all in the most current contexts. Conclusion: the research gathered seven methodologies applicable directly to the antibacterial tests, followed by five tests that corroborate with the antibacterial results for the development of a possible pharmaceutical alternative, such as the experimental toxicity test with Drosophila megalogaster; Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and cytoprotection against Microbial Heavy Metal Models.
Methodology, Antimicrobial assay, Antibacterial.
The search for efficient drugs to combat bacterial infections has revolutionized the focus of research. Wave with the discovery of antibiotics in the 1930's led to a drastic reduction in mortality caused by microbial diseases. It is known that bacterial resistance is a spontaneous phenomenon, which was later favored after the large-scale use of antibiotics in the fight against infectious diseases, often without previous knowledge of which microorganism was treated [1,2].
Taking into account that bacterial resistance is a reality, it should be noted that it is an enormous genetic capacity to transmit genetic material of resistance to another bacterium, besides the fact that acquiring resistance to the effect of drugs used as therapeutic agents happens all the time [3]. The prior knowledge of which microorganism is being controlled is of great importance, and which substances most sensitive to these pathogens will greatly favor the decrease of these resistant bacterial [5, 33]. The main method used to find an antimicrobial susceptibility profile is known as antibiogram, a test commonly done in clinical microbiology laboratories [6].
For the determination of the sensitivity profile, several methodologies are available, but those considered as gold standard, such as agar dilution and broth microdilution, may present different reading forms as colorimetric method with reazasurin or by reading in absorbance in the ELISA. Although it can be done by routine laboratory trials, although they provide quantitative results minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has qualitative techniques, such as disk diffusion, although they are easy to perform are not able to predict MIC, possibly through the interaction of the medium with some oxidizable compounds [7,8].
The main methodologies for detecting the antimicrobial activity found in the literature for fungi and bacteria can be of three types: dilution and diffusion. The agar diffusion methodologies are a quantitative method where the effects can be graded and can be performed through disk, well or model techniques. Taking into account that several methodologies that can be approached for antibacterial assays, and the understanding that each method is able to prove the presence of biological activity or not, this material was made with the main methods used for antibacterial assays.
We used articles, technical manuals and standards present in the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) describing the different types of methodologies used for antibacterial assays found in the literature up to the year 2018. The work is not aimed at comparisons but rather as a guideline for the execution of each methodology applied by the authors, in order to provide knowledge from how to prepare each of the tests until the reading with the current form, and other complementary tests that corroborate for the cited tests [9].
Bacterial assays
Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration–MIC
Macrodilution
Assays involving macrodilution are laborious, where small numbers of replicates are used [10,11]. Initially, bacterial samples should be reactivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium and incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37°C for 24 hours [18]. After incubation, samples should be transferred to test tubes containing 5 mL of BHI broth, additional incubation at 37°C for 24 h. The inoculum should then be adjusted using a spectrophotometer in appropriate cuvettes to determine absorbance. The wavelength used generally ranges from 420 nm to 660 nm [9].
To begin the assay, 0.9 ml of the culture medium with different concentrations and 0.1 ml of bacterial inoculum adjusted to (1 to 3 X 108 CFU/ml) should be added to microtubes. The assays are given in duplicates having the microtubes incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After the incubation, a visual reading is made to show the bacterial growth, translated by the turbidity [18]. An aliquot with a loop is then collected in each tube, so that the material is seeded in Mueller-Hinton agar for further incubation at 37°C for 24 hours and reading to corroborate with the other results [9].
Following reading after incubation, 20 μl of 0.01% sodium breath oxidation reduction indicator should be added, waiting one hour for the results to be read according to [10], at which time blue staining demonstrates bacterial inactivity and red, bacterial activity. Regarding the seeded plates, after the incubation period, they were inspected for observation of the surface growth of bacterial colonies [13].
Microdilution-determination of intrinsic activity through CIM
The assays to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration [14] after bacterial reactivation made in BHI at the concentration prescribed in the label, as lineages should be transferred to 3 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution and then shaken with the aid of vortex apparatus to form a suspension of 105 CFU / mL and adjusted to Mcfarland scale 0.5%. Then, 150 μL of the inoculum will be added to the medium containing 1,350 μL of BHI (10%) which at the end is 1,500 μL, it should be transferred to each labeled eppendorf or "micro centrifuge tubes [15].
The product in turn is weighed 10 mg which can be increased according to the concentrations to be tested. Then, 1 ml of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-Merck, Marmstadt, Germany) is diluted to give an initial concentration of 10 mg/ml, which will then be diluted in sterile water to a concentration of 1024 μg/mL [14].
After mixing with vortexing the solution containing BHI + inoculum with total of 1,500 μL is mixed, 100 μL of this solution is transferred into each well of the microdilution plate, then it must be micro diluted with 100 μL of the product to be tested, starting in the first cavity until the penultimate, keeping the last cavity free of dilution of the test product, this in all the repetitions, being necessary to be maintained as control of microbial growth, then takes to stove adjusted 24 h at 37°C [16].
The CIM reading can be done by adding 20 μL of reazasurin to each well. Reazasurin is a dye that, when it comes into contact with some type of living microorganism, changes its chemical structure, turning its coloration from a bluish tone (absence of microorganism) to pink (confirmed) that there is presence of viable microorganism cells. If the researcher has the need to compare and/or confirm bactericidal or bacteriostatic function, the CBM minimum bactericidal concentration assay may obtain this data, noting that this should be done before reasurin is added, subcultured with 0.5 μL of each well to a petri dish with labeling of each well/concentration on the plate then incubated in an oven for 24 h 37°C. After a period of 24 hours/37°C, each concentration that has been subcultured is read, if there was bacterial growth or not [12,17].
Currently the ELISA equipment is another form of reading used in several laboratories, being able to provide a form of interpretation where the generated data can provide graphs that guarantee the fidelity of the tests besides informing the cellular viability, providing directly to what extent the product was able to act under the microorganism, such as the 50% inhibition of bacterial growth known as inhibition concentration in 50% of microorganism (IC50) [12].
For readings made at ELISA, there is a need for product dilution controls and sterility control. In the dilution control, 1,350 μL of 10% BHI medium + 150 μL of saline will be obtained, the purpose of which is to compare the dilution of the product with the microorganism, with the dilution of the product with saline only, in order to compare those that precipitate, besides generating an average of the triplicate decreasing of the control of dilution, which would result in the precise growth of the microorganism. The sterility control will provide information of the exemption of contaminants that make unfeasible the reliability of the tests [12,16].
Microdilution - antibiotic activity modifying effect direct contact
To verify the modifying effect of the antibiotics against the strains tested, the method proposed by [14]. Eppendorf tubes containing the sub-inhibitory concentration (MIC/8), 10% BHI content according to the sub-inhibitory concentration volume and 150 μL of the bacterial suspension (corresponding to 10% of the solution). For the control, eppendorf tubes were prepared with 1.5 mL of solution containing 1,350 μL of BHI (10%) and 150 μL of microorganisms' suspension. The plate was filled numerically by adding 100 μL of this solution into each well. Subsequently, serial dilution was performed with 100 μL of the antibiotic discarded in the penultimate well. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and then 20 μL of resazurin was added for determination of viable cells by staining [12].
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for fungi
The assays for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for fungi can be carried out using the broth dilution technique using quadruplicate-labeled 96-well plates, with 100 μL of double-concentrated sabouraud dextrose broth (CSD) + fungal suspension being added thereafter performed serial dilution with 100μL of the natural product at the concentration of 4,096 μg/mL micro diluted in the first 2048 μg/mL well to the penultimate 2 μg/mL. The last well is not diluted, as it will serve to control fungal growth, in addition, sterility controls of the dilution medium of the natural product and of the antifungal should be performed, preferably. The plates should be incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and after that the minimum fungicidal concentration (CFM) test for subsequent reading in the ELISA (Termoplate®) device is initiated, generating a cell viability curve and IC50 [18]. For the antiseptic modification; tests described by [19] with modifications to fungal means.
In this test it is verified whether the action of the natural product is capable of causing on the yeasts some dimorphism by inhibiting the emission of hyphae. Firstly, they must install sterile and humid micro morphological chambers to promote the growth of yeasts. Within each test tube should contain 3 mL in all, having 1 mL of detoxified Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) depleted to cause yeast stress and thus emitting hyphae, + test substance in CSA/2 (8,192 μg/mL) , CSA/4 (4,092 μg/mL) and CSA/8 (2,048 μg/mL), then poured into lamina. The petri plates with lamina are inoculated by a calibrated loop (1 μg) where two parallel grooves are made on the already solidified medium, then covered by a sterile microscopical coverslip. After incubation and after 24 h (37°C) the culture was visualized by light microscopy. A control was made for yeast growth whose hyphal emission was stimulated by the impoverishment of the medium, as well as a control with the commercial antifungal fluconazole, for comparative purposes. The assays were performed according to [18] and in compliance with the experiments of [18] with some modifications.
Measuring the extension of filamentous structures
Possibly it is necessary a high resolution microscope the most appropriate are from the optical model (AXIO IMAGER M2- 3525001980-ZEISS- Germany), coupled to a computer with Zen software it was possible to measure the extensions reached by the hyphae, and the values of reduction after fractions. Where photos of each slide will be taken across all fields for measurements of growth controls and compared to tests [18].
Disk diffusion
Firstly, the strains to be reactivated in the culture medium usually employed are: Brain Heart Infusion BHI and Agar Mueller Hinton. For the test tubes 4 to 5 mL of BHI is transferred with the aid of a pipette, after which bacterial sample is reactivated in incubation of 24 h/37°C. Then with the aid of the sterile swab the microorganisms are replicated from the inoculum to the sterilized petri dish previously prepared with Mueller Hinton, where the smear should be repeated more than twice. After this step the disks used for control in one plate and the ones soaked by the test substances in another one should be used, if enough space can be made in the same plate then incubated for future reading [20,21].
The methodology is performed according to [2], adapted by [7,22] where first the solutions of the compounds are prepared in 10%, 5%, 0.6% and 0.3%. The diffusion assay should be prepared by adding initially weighing the test substance and bringing it to the concentration to be evaluated which according to [14], initially of 1024 μg/mL below significance for clinical use, 10 μL of the solution to be tested in its respective concentration on sterile filter paper discs of 6 mm diameter should be added at the concentrations to be evaluated. The application of this method is limited to fast growing microorganisms, being aerobic or aerobic facultative. The intent is that the test substance is able to inhibit the growth of the microorganism or prevent its proliferation. The evaluation is comparative against a reference biological standard (positive control) generally a broad spectrum antibiotic, the zone or halo of growth inhibition is measured starting from the circumference of the well or disk, to the margin where there is growth of microorganisms and compared to the size of the halo found in the test substance [10].
Diffusion for essential oil
First reactivation of the lines is done by inoculating previously in BHI 3.7%, and later they are seeded in plates with Heart Infusion Agar - HIA incubated by 24/37°C. Then for minimum inhibitory determination - DIM the oil should be weighed 50 μg dissolved in 50 μL of 1:1 DMSO and further prepared 1:2 serial dilutions (50-1,562 μg oil). After reactivation period, the strains should be transferred and adjusted McFarland scale (105 CFU/mL) with equivalent turbidity, later with the aid of sterile swab or loop should be made seed in the base of plates with more suitable means for its test, generally HIA.
A quantity of 100 μL of each of the dilutions will be applied to the top petri dish to be incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. DIM is defined as the minimum inhibitory dose per volume of air capable of suppressing the growth of the microorganism in a closed system [12]. The controls should be prepared with medium and only the solvent as a test, free of the presence of the oil [23].
Activity modifying the action of antibiotics in vitro by gaseous contact (essential oil)
The possible combination with antibiotics may be added disks of their antibiotics preferably, then the plates should be inverted and a volume of 50 μL of each concentration will be placed inside the lid. Three plaques are used per microorganisms, the antibiotic disks and the substance in the lid being placed on the first plate, the second placing the antibiotic and DMSO on the lid and the third only the antibiotic disks [24].
The plates were then incubated for 24 h at 37°C and the results read with the help of a pachymeter, the diameters of the inhibition halos of the controls being compared to the Inhibition Halo Diameters Interpretative Standards established by [9]. While the diameters of the inhibition halos in the three conditions are measured and evaluated to ascertain statistical significance [23].
Diffusion in cavity
Diffusion assays using cavities have become an alternative for antibacterial assays, according to the methodology described by [19] the substance studied should be solubilized in DMSO and then distilled water to obtain a solution in the desired concentration.
Having as culture media BHI and Agar Mueller Hinton prepared according to the manufacturer. The reactivation is done in BHI after the incubation period with the help of the swab embedded in the bacterial sample is replicated to petri dish with Mueller Hinton being repeated smear more than twice. Thus perforations of the 6 mm wells are performed using cannulae, sealing them later with Mueller Hinton Agar medium.
Each well is filled with 50 μL of tested substance and at the concentration determined by MIC, after procedure the plates are taken to the incubator for 24 hours/37°C. The results are measured with pachymeter considering as halos positive activity greater than 6 mm. The final result is given by the arithmetic mean of the diameters of the inhibition halos in triplicates being compared with halos of the controls, possible antibiotics used for comparative purposes [16,19].
Other techniques being used by researchers worldwide
The methodology used to describe this in [10], using references [11,25]. The technique consists of the application of stainless steel cylinder in medium under the culture medium then addition of the sample on the cylinder, in study [4] a 200 μL of the extracts of medicinal plants, and did not have essay reports with essential oil using this methodology. As a positive control, bacteria were used chloramphenicol (40 μg/mL; 200 μL) and water as negative control. The assay consists of both bacteria and fungi.
Antibacterial assays using stainless steel cylinders were also proposed by [25] where they adapted the cylinders in the method of diffusion in agar. A bacterial suspension at 108 CFU/mL was used, challenging 200 μL of glycolic extracts from a plant species. At the end as a positive control, ampicillin was used.
Light-mediated antibacterial evaluation- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
The assay for the evaluation of light-mediated antibacterial activity is known as Photodynamic Therapy - PDT, which is capable of causing inactivation of microorganisms. Known for the first time more than 100 years ago, when Oscar Raab [27] reported the lethal effect of acridine hydrochloride on Paramecia caudatum.
At first the technique has been developed as a therapeutic option for cancer, based on a concept in which a non-toxic photosensitizing agent can be localized preferentially in certain tissues and subsequently activated by light generating singlet oxygen and free radicals which are cytotoxic to the cells of target tissue [27]. Currently the PDT has been used to treat infections in addition to the scope of the research trials to eliminate microorganisms in vitro, suggesting its usefulness as an adjuvant to current disinfection techniques [4,28].
For the assays the bacteria should be reactivated in more suitable medium, then 10 μL of the test solution is added to the blanks (100 μg/disc) in triplicate. The photosensitivity assessment should be performed simultaneously to avoid false positive results. While a plate is exposed to UVA light (5 W/m2, 315-400 nm, from a Osram Dulux S Blue UVA 9W/78-G23 lamp, with maximum emission at 350 nm) for 2 hous, the another must be kept in the dark for the same period. The emission flow rate shall be monitored with a digital ultraviolet light meter to avoid possible variations in emission values and consequently erroneous results. Soon the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, followed by reading the diameters of the growth inhibition zones with a digital caliper [26].
The positive control used for growth inhibition was ampicillin (10 μg/disc). Disks with ethanolic solution (100%) of 8-methoxypsoralein 8-MOP (10 μg/disc) is being used as a positive control of phototoxic activity. Then discs with DMSO (10 μL/ disc) solvent were used to dilute product which is used as negative control [26].
Cytoprotection against toxic metals microbial models
The presence of metals in the body is able to generate free radicals, which in large concentrations cause serious damage to the DNA, inducing lipid peroxidation, depletion of thiols groupings. Phytoremediation is still under study to determine which plants can be used to remove, contain, transfer, stabilize or render toxic metals harmless. First test must be done to evaluate minimum inhibitory concentration (described methodology by microdilution). However, another M9 TRIS medium of mineral growth can be used, such as the BHI itself used in the top methodology [9,12].
After the results of the CIM, the eppendorf should contain the sub-inhibitory concentrations of the samples (extract, not being informed some test with oil), as the microorganisms must be standardized 105 CFU/mL in M9 TRIS medium with 2% glucose.
Then add to 100 μL of solution containing medium + microorganism + extract then microdilution with mercury chloride (in 10 mM concentration), after the microdilution it should be incubated for 48 h at 37°C. Subsequently expected the incubation period is carried out the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, given by the lowest concentration capable of inhibiting the growth of the microorganisms. The subcutaneous is made in plate with HIA medium, withdrawing with a handle from each microdiluted well to the plate with HIA, then incubated for 24hours at 37°C. CBM is given by the lowest concentration capable of inhibiting bacterial growth, taking into account growth control [9,12].
Experimental toxicity test with Drosophila megalogaster
They are flies commonly found in fruits and contain approximately 1,500 species in the family Drosophilidae [12]. Drosophila melanogaster, is an emerging model system in toxicological research. The toxicity test is carried out by means of the evaluation of survival and negative geotaxia on exposure to the test substance through fumigation. Generally (Harwich strain) D. melanogaster are obtained from the National Species Stock Center, Bowling Green, OH. Adult flies should be transferred to 130 ml glass containers, containing filter paper. Next, 1 ml of 20% sucrose should be added to the filter paper remaining on the floor of the flask and the amounts of 1 mL, 5 ml and 10 ml of the substance to be tested on the container lid, finally the flies are added in the amount of 20 per bottle. The test period should be controlled in 12-hour light/dark cycles with controlled temperature at 26°C and relative air humidity of ± 60%. The survival and geotaxia readings of the flies should be performed in periods of 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. While analyzing the toxicity data a two-way ANOVA test is performed using GraphPad Prism 6.0 software and then performed a Tukey multiple comparison test. The conclusive reading can be seen through death, deficits of locomotion after the time intervals of exposure and those that did not present any visible change [29,30].
Interferences in the mentioned methodologies
The conditions that are performed interfere directly in the susceptibility of the diffusion and dilution methods, so the need to understand the condition that the experiments are made and the standardization of the same according to the relevant regulations, provide important considerations like [10]:
Culture mediums: The culture medium is one of the factors that can influence the bacterial growth and consequently the future results. The formation of the blisters may influence and further hamper the assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility, for example, those that diffuse poorly through agar, such as polymyxin [31].
Availability of oxygen: In study [10], reports that research by [32], observed a relation that the availability of oxygen can influence the multiplication of aerobic, anaerobic or facultative microorganisms.
Pipetting errors: The lack of calibration of the pipette may interfere with the volume and will be pipetted and consequently the exact concentration of the substances to be evaluated, which leads the authors to use the means of the triplicates or quadruplicates, which will reduce the margin of error.
Discs: The thickness and the uniformity of the agar are essential for the good resolution of the results, it must be controlled strictly its volume in order to avoid formation of superficial streaks and bubbles [32]. The discs used in the microdilution assays may influence the results, if they are not of a larger size or less than 6 mm; they must be sterilized [10].
Calibration of inoculum: Each strain used for each test separately presents unique characteristics, there is a standard to be followed for a perfect incubation, each strain has an incubation time greater than another, the nutrients that favor its growth vary, and consequently the amount of CFU used cannot escape of standards, such as the McFarland Scale 0.5%.
The "screening" under the main methodologies used in the antimicrobial activity were externalized, providing in depth knowledge to prepare and analyze the results. Highlighting the corroborating tests to elucidate the compounds that act, in addition to the prior knowledge of how to choose a good pharmaceutical formulation for the use of that compound found. The work provides sufficient material for assistance in the search for methodologies that can be applied under antimicrobial activity and previous toxic, with current context and following standards considered gold. Finally, it is important to evaluate the interfering factors, establishing parameters according to the need of the method used for the given objective.
Lilian M Sejas, et al. Evaluation of the quality of the antimicrobial agents disks used in disk-diffusion tests commercially available in Brazil. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial. 2001;39:1-9.
Blair JM, et al. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2015;13:42-51.
Gislene GF and Nascimentoe. Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extract and Phytochemicals in Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2000;31:1-4.
Ng R, et al. Endodontic photodynamic therapy ex vivo. J Endod. 2011;37:217-22.
O'neill J. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. London (UK): HM Government and the Wellcome Trust. 2016.
Marco JVF. Interpreted interpretation of the antibiogram of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli; Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002;20:304-12.
Campana EH, et al. Evaluation of the M.I.C.E.®, Etest® and broth microdilution methodologies for MIC determination in clinical isolates. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2011;47:157-64.
Koneman EW, et al. Diagnostico Microbiologico. 2a ed. Editoral Médica Americana. 1993.
Wayne. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. 6. ed. PA: NCCLS Approved Standard M7-A6. 2003.
Almeida GR, et al. Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen: Sensitivity to Carbofuran and Biomonitoring of its Residues in Cabbage. Quim. Nova. 2001;24:768-72.
Silveira, et al. Estratégias utilizadas no combate a resistência bacteriana. Quím. Nova. 2006;29:844-55.
Coutinho HDM, et al. TECHNICAL RESEARCH MANUAL: Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology/Regional University of Cariri. 2016;1-93.
NCCLS - Nattinal Committeen For Clinical Laboratoryy Standards. Padronização dos testes de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos por disco-difusão: Norma Aprovada. 2003;23..
Javadpour, et al. Antimicrobial peptides with low mammalian cell toxicity. J. Med. Chem. 2013;39:107-3113.
Zgoda JR and Porter JR. A convenient microdilution method for screening natural products against bacteria and fungi. Pharm Biol. 2001;39:221-5.
Henrique DM and Coutinho. Comparative evaluation of antibiotic modulation against bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Health Sciences Magazine. 2015;13:1-10.
Araujo MM and Longo PL. In vitro antibacterial action of commercial essential oil of Origanum vulgare (oregano) against strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Inst. Biol. 2016;83:1-7.
Maria Flaviana B and Morais-Braga. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diodic Array Detector, Fungistatic, and Anti-Morphogenical Analysis of Extracts from Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC. Against Yeasts of the Genus Candida. International Journal of Food Properties. 2016;19:1837-51.
Coutinho HDM, et al. In Vitro anti Staphylococcal Activity of Huptis Martiusii Benth Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Strains. Braz. J. Pharmacog. 2008;18:670-5.
Barbosa JASA, et al. Use of antimicrobials in hospitalized patients. Rev. Bras. Farm. 2009;90:69-74.
Romeiro RS. Métodos em bacteriologia de plantas. Viçosa Editora UFC. 2001.
Pinto TJA, et al. Biological Quality Control of Pharmaceutical, Related and Cosmetic Products. Atheneu Editora. 2003;2:2-325.
Caldas FRL. Evaluation Of Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Essential Oils Of Leaves And Inflorescences Of Ocimum gratissimum L. (LAMIACEAE). 2011
Inoute S, et al. Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their major constituents against respiratory tract pathogens by gaseous contact. JAC. 2001;47:565-73.
Lopes DCDXP, et al. TCB Antimicrobial and phototoxic activities of fruit and root extracts of Physalis angulata L. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2006;16:206-10.
Balows, et al. Sahm D. F. Washington II JA Antibacterial susceptibility tests: Dilution methods. Manual of clinical microbiology. ASM. 1991;5:1105-16.
Lilian MS, et al. Evaluation of the quality of the antimicrobial agents disks used in disk-diffusion tests commercially available in Brazil. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial. 2001;39:1-9.
Xu Y, et al. Endodontic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: safety assessment in mammalian cell cultures. J Endod. 2009;35:1567-72.
Nascimento AV, et al. Dosage Screening of αlfa-bisabolol Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Model. Scientific Initiation Week. FJN. 2018;1-2.
Onzi PS, et al. Evaluation of the Injectable Antimicrobial Intake of a Private Hospital in the year 2009. Revista Bras. Farm. Hosp. Serv. Health. 2011;2:20-5.
World Health Organization. The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Action options. WHO Publications Office, World Health Organization. 2012.
Bauer W, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Journal Clinical Pathology. 1996;45:493-6.
Bonan, et al. Evaluation of the thermal stress of Candida albicans using microplates and resazurin as an indicator of oxidation. In: FORUM - REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: UNIMONS COMMITMENT. 2010;1-4.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This porch in Arlington, Virginia, was built for a family that wanted Arts and Crafts style, space for a budding family, and a raised deck in back for relaxing on lazy afternoons. But the deck got so much sun that they couldn't use it. Instead they commissioned a screened-in porch in its footprint.
The new porch, which is accessed via the family room, overlooks nearby treetops and offers the family a place to unwind. French doors lead to a small deck for grilling.
The homeowner collaborated with the designer/builder of the house, Brian McCracken, to come up with a plan for the new 10-by-14-foot covered porch, which went up on the existing deck framing. Not wanting to forgo open-air grilling, however, he added a scaled-down 6-by-7 deck—which did require new footings—off the end of it. A square-baluster railing, chunky columns, tongue-and-groove ipe flooring, and lots of trimwork details give the new back room front-porch polish. Says McCracken, "You feel like you're in another room of the house, not just an outdoor space."
The original 6x6 deck supports were wrapped with Azek boards to create a beefier look.
Arts and Crafts-style trim with square columns and exposed beams tie in with the rest of the home's architectural detailing. Reproduction pendant lights hang slightly below the blades of the ceiling fan, so there's no strobe effect when it's in use.
A square-balustar railing dresses up the screened-in area. It also provides a buffer between the screen panels and kids and dogs that might rub up against it, causing wear and tear. The screen panels stop a half-inch above the floor, protecting the frames from water damage when rain accumulates.
The top rail's ledge is deep enough to hold a drink glass, meaning this porch needs fewer tables. It is supported by chunky, curved brackets.
The tongue-and-groove beadboard ceiling rises to a symmetrical peak as though it were the underside of a gable rather than a shed roof. It's painted in a pale blue, in keeping with the tradition of making a porch ceiling reminiscent of clear skies. The exposed beams and wall-paneling details are painted a custom green.
The old pressure-treated deck connected to the family room and to a lower-level patio via an outdoor stairway.
1. Reused the original framing: Because the deck footings were able to withstand the load of the new porch, which was designed in the same footprint, the contractor could strip off the old deck boards and railings and build on existing framing.
2. Included a small deck: Adding a 6-by-7-foot deck for barbecuing—making trips up and down the stairs to the patio below unnecessary—required new footings and framing.
3. Put up a roof and airy walls: A new shed roof shelters the porch and the peaked ceiling underneath it. Wall panels were made from charcoal-colored fiberglass screening sandwiched between two frames built from baluster stock; they sit outside the porch railing. Prepainting the stock for the panels kept the mesh pristine.
4. Used rot-resistant materials: Mold- and decay-resistant ipe covers the floors. Oil-based caulks keep small spaces watertight, and Azek PVC planks trim out spots where moisture could rest or seep in, such as the column bases and top rails.


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Archdiocese gears up for a year of St. Joseph filled with 'real graces'
St. Gabriel School to close; students to attend nearby St. Thomas Aquinas
Archbishop Perez inspires young adults to learn, get involved in church
Court ruling against safe injection site a 'victory,' say local experts
PCC pans effort to provide abortifacient drugs via telemedicine
Young women bring Christ to Kensington streets
Lent 2019 parish events
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Deepen your Lenten experience by participating in one of many events taking place each week of Lent in parishes of the Philadelphia Archdiocese.
Share your parish's Lenten retreats, prayer gatherings and devotions by emailing them to us at editor@catholicphilly.com.
First Week of Lent
St. Francis of Assisi Church (136 Saxer Avenue, Springfield), March 5 at 7 p.m. "Seven Last Words of Christ" (part one). The program will consist of Evening Prayer, Benediction, and a talk entitled "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do." The speaker will be Msgr. Gregory Fairbanks of St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, Wynnewood. A social will follow the program. All are invited to attend. For information, call 610-543-1046.
Second Week of Lent
Our Lady of Fatima Church (1 Fatima Drive, Secane), March 12 at 7 p.m. "Seven Last Words of Christ" (part two). The program will consist of Evening Prayer, Benediction, and a talk entitled "Today you will be with me in Paradise." The speaker will be Msgr. Paul Dougherty, pastor of St. Margaret Parish in Narberth and a chaplain of the Archdiocesan Deaf Apostolate. A social will follow the program. All are invited to attend. For information, call 610-543-1046.
Third Week of Lent
St. Madeline Church (Penn Street and Morton Avenue, Ridley Park), March 19 at 7 p.m. "Seven Last Words of Christ" (part three). The program will consist of Evening Prayer, Benediction, and a talk entitled "Woman, this is your Son. This is your mother." The speaker will be Kelly Anderson, assistant professor of Biblical Studies at St. Charles Borromeo Seminary. A social will follow the program. All are invited to attend. For information, call 610-543-1046.
Fourth Week of Lent
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church (2130 Franklin Avenue, Morton), March 26 at 7 p.m. "Seven Last Words of Christ" (part four). The program will consist of Evening Prayer, Benediction, and a talk entitled "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" The speaker will be Father Steven Kiernan, parochial vicar at Mother of Divine Providence Parish, King of Prussia. A social will follow the program. All are invited to attend. For information, call 610-543-1046
Fifth Week of Lent
Our Lady of Peace Church (200 Milmont Avenue, Milmont Park), April 2 at 7 p.m. "Seven Last Words of Christ" (part five). The program will consist of Evening Prayer, Benediction, and a talk entitled "I thirst." The speaker will be Sister Anne Amati, O.S.F., from the retreat ministry of the Sisters of St. Francis in Philadelphia. A social will follow the program. All are invited to attend. For information, call 610-543-1046.
Sixth Week of Lent
St. Gabriel Church (233 Mohawk Avenue, Norwood), April 9 at 7:00 pm. "Seven Last Words of Christ" (part six, final session). The program will consist of Evening Prayer, Benediction, and a talk entitled "It is finished. Father, into your hands I commend my spirit." The speaker will be Father Anthony J. Costa, pastor of St. Francis of Assisi Parish, Springfield. A social will follow the program. All are invited to attend. For information, call 610-543-1046.
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Nighttime closures on US 160 begin September 13, east of the CO 151 intersection
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Nighttime closures on US 160 begin September 13, east of the CO 151 intersection August 30, 2021 - Southwestern Colorado - The weeklong nightly closures, near Chimney Rock National Monument, will allow for work associated with wildlife crossing project https://www.codot.gov/news/2021/august-2021/us160-chimney-rock-wildlife-project-begins https://www.codot.gov/@@site-logo/siteLogo.png
August 30, 2021 - Southwestern Colorado - The weeklong nightly closures, near Chimney Rock National Monument, will allow for work associated with wildlife crossing project
PAGOSA SPRINGS — U.S. Highway 160 will be fully closed nightly for one week in mid-September. The five nights of closures will begin on Mon., Sept. 13 and continue through Fri., Sept. 17, from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. The section of U.S. 160 to be closed is located just east of the CO Highway 151 junction, near Chimney Rock National Monument and Lake Capote (near mile point 127)
The intersection of U.S. 160 and CO 151 will remain open; however, motorists will only be able to travel westbound (toward Bayfield and Durango) during nighttime closure times. Eastbound travel (toward Pagosa Springs) will not be allowed, as the closure area is just east of the intersection.
During the nighttime closures, motorists seeking eastbound/westbound access on U.S. 160 are advised to arrive at the closure point before 9 p.m. Otherwise, travelers may consider an alternate southern route via U.S. Highways 84, 64 and 550, through NM. A detour at the work zone is not available. Additionally, vehicles are not permitted to stop or wait overnight on U.S. 160 while the highway is closed.
"Closing U.S. 160 is necessary to set the wildlife overpass structure into place," said Julie Constan, CDOT Southwest Regional Transportation Director. "Large precast concrete arches will be placed over the roadway. Keeping the traveling public safe during these crane operations is a priority and dictates the need for the closure."
Wildlife-vehicle collisions make up more than 60 percent of crashes along this stretch of highway. The $11.3 million dollar project is expected to reduce those collisions by at least 80-90 percent, potentially mirroring success rates of other wildlife mitigation projects in Colorado. The project is expected to conclude in late fall.
US 160 Wildlife Project Detour
Nighttime work: From 9 p.m. to 6 a.m., Monday through Friday, Sept. 13-17 (for five nights) motorists can expect a full shutdown of U.S. 160. Alternate routes via southern NM highways are advised during this timeframe. No detour for passenger or commercial traffic is available. Motorists are not allowed to park and wait along the highway overnight. (The project team has coordinated with area agencies to ensure law enforcement and medical vehicles have emergency access if needed.
Daytime work: Daytime work will not take place during the closure. Daytime construction activity will resume on Mon., Sept. 20, weekdays from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. A temporary signal will be in place 24/7, reducing vehicles to a single-lane and alternating traffic intermittently in either direction. Motorists can expect short delays. Speeds are reduced to 30 mph in the work zone.
Project Milestones
More than 3/4 of the wildlife fencing is completed
Paving of the CO 151 and U.S. 160 intersection is completed and a deer guard installed
The south side of the underpass is completed, with the north side being set in the next two weeks
Paving and widening of the highway is completed from the west end of CO 151 in the eastbound lanes
Stay Informed on US 160 Wildlife Crossings
The public is encouraged to sign-up for email updates or access information through the following resources:
Project Hotline: 970-903-4004
Project Email: [email protected]
Website: codot.gov/projects/us160-wildlife-crossing
Travelers are urged to "know before you go." Gather information about weather forecasts, anticipated travel impacts and current road conditions prior to hitting the road. CDOT resources include:
Road conditions and travel information: COtrip.org
Sign up for project or travel alerts: bit.ly/COalerts
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CDOT's Whole System-Whole Safety program has one simple mission — to get everyone home safely. Our approximately 3,000 employees work tirelessly to reduce the rate and severity of crashes and improve the safety of all modes of transportation. The department manages more than 23,000 lane miles of highway, more than 3,000 bridges and 35 mountain passes. CDOT also manages grant partnerships with a range of agencies, including metropolitan planning organizations, local governments and airports. It also operates Bustang, the state-owned interregional express bus service. Gov. Jared Polis has charged CDOT to further build on the state's intermodal mobility options.
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In Sweden's Preschools, Boys Learn to Dance and Girls Learn to Yell
Ellen Barry | March 24, 2018 | From the Media |
Andrea Bruce for The New York Times
This article was originally published in The New York Times.
STOCKHOLM — Something was wrong with the Penguins, the incoming class of toddlers at the Seafarer's Preschool, in a wooded suburb south of Stockholm.
The boys were clamorous and physical. They shouted and hit. The girls held up their arms and whimpered to be picked up. The group of 1- and 2-year-olds had, in other words, split along traditional gender lines. And at this school, that is not O.K.
Their teachers cleared the room of cars and dolls. They put the boys in charge of the play kitchen. They made the girls practice shouting "No!" Then they decided to open a proper investigation, erecting video cameras in the classroom.
Science may still be divided over whether gender differences are rooted in biology or culture, but many of Sweden's government-funded preschools are doing what they can to deconstruct them. State curriculum urges teachers and principals to embrace their role as social engineers, requiring them to "counteract traditional gender roles and gender patterns."
It is normal, in many Swedish preschools, for teachers to avoid referring to their students' gender — instead of "boys and girls," they say "friends," or call children by name. Play is organized to prevent children from sorting themselves by gender. A gender-neutral pronoun, "hen," was introduced in 2012 and was swiftly absorbed into mainstream Swedish culture, something that, linguists say, has never happened in another country.
Exactly how this teaching method affects children is still unclear.
One of the few peer-reviewed efforts to examine the method's effects, published last year in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, concluded that some behaviors do go away when students attend what the study called "gender-neutral" preschools.
For instance, the children at these schools do not show a strong preference for playmates of the same gender, and are less likely to make assumptions based on stereotypes. Yet, the scientists found no difference at all in the children's tendency to notice gender, suggesting that may be under a genetic influence.
At the Seafarer's Preschool, the effort sometimes has the feeling of a venture into uncharted territory.
On a recent Friday in Hammarbyhojden, south of Stockholm, Elis Storesund, the school's in-house gender expert, sat bent over a work sheet with two teachers of the 4- and 5-year-old Seagulls, reviewing their progress on gender objectives.
"When we are drawing," said Melisa Esteka, 31, one of the teachers, "we see that the girls — they draw a lot — they draw girls with lots of makeup and long eyelashes. It's very clear that they are girls. We ask, 'Don't boys have eyelashes?' And they say, 'We know it is not like that in real life.'"
Ms. Storesund, 54, nodded thoughtfully. "They are trying to understand what it is to be a girl," she said.
Ms. Esteka looked frustrated. She had set a goal for herself: To stop the children from identifying things as "for girls" or "for boys." But lately, her students were absorbing stereotypes from billboards and cartoons, and sometimes it seemed like all the slow, systematic work of the Seafarer's Preschool was flying away overnight.
"There is so much they bring with them," she said. "They bring the whole world with them. We can't stop that from happening."
Sweden's experiment in gender-neutral preschools began in 1996 in Trodje, a small town near the edge of the Baltic Sea. The man who started it, Ingemar Gens, was not an educator but a journalist who dabbled in anthropology and gender theory, having studied Swedish men seeking mail-order brides in Thailand. Newly appointed as a district "equal opportunity expert," Mr. Gens wanted to break down the norm of stoic, unemotional Swedish masculinity.
Preschool struck him as the right place to do this. Swedish children spend much of their early life in government-funded preschools, which offer care at nominal cost for up to 12 hours a day starting at the age of 1.
Two schools rolled out what was called a compensatory gender strategy. Boys and girls at the preschools were separated for part of the day and coached in traits associated with the other gender. Boys massaged each other's feet. Girls were led in barefoot walks in the snow, and told to throw open the window and scream.
All humans are born human
© 2019 PACH


text:
L'Austrian Open 1998  è stato un torneo di tennis giocato sulla terra rossa. È stata la 53ª edizione dell'Austrian Open, che fa parte della categoria International Series nell'ambito dell'ATP Tour 1998. Si è giocato al Kitzbühel Sportpark Tennis Stadium di Kitzbühel in Austria, dal 27 luglio al 2 agosto 1998.

Campioni

Singolare maschile

 Albert Costa ha battuto in finale  Andrea Gaudenzi 6–2, 1–6, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1

Doppio

 Tom Kempers /  Daniel Orsanic hanno battuto in finale  Joshua Eagle /  Andrew Kratzmann 6–3, 6–4

Note

Collegamenti esterni

ATP Tour 1998

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sometimes, things feel hopeless—tremendously, no-way-of-happening hopeless.
This has the chance of happening at any time, from the not-so-serious situation to the life-altering situation. Perhaps, you've faced a situation which is utterly debilitating. In those situations, it's hard to hold on to the promises of God. Yes, I understand that God's promises cover every aspect of my life, but when things are hopeless, it's very hard to feel hopeful.
Last March, my father went to sleep and didn't wake up. I entered the darkest time of my life. He was young, relatively, just 67 years old. He had been to the doctor a month before. He would walk four miles every day with my mother (proof from his iPhone's odometer which showed 28 miles walked in the last week). My father went to sleep and he didn't wake up and I was surrounded by darkness. I'm a pastor. On the Saturday he died, I had a memorial scheduled. I shared the hope we have in Jesus. I pointed everyone to the hope of the resurrection and the restoration of all things. Less than a week later, I would do the funeral for my father and continue to point everyone to the hope of the resurrection and the restoration of all things. It was Lent. Every Sunday, and in the extra services, I would share the hope we have in Jesus, His resurrection and the restoration of all things. I could share the Gospel but I couldn't hear the Gospel. There was darkness everywhere I looked. Dad was healthy. He was strong. He was more likely to die from a car accident or a mugging than to die of "natural" causes. There was no reason for Him to die. God didn't need him. I needed him. My mother and sister needed him.
Jesus revealed Himself to these two men. His presence destroyed the darkness and delivered hope.
After my father's passing, it took months for me to be able to hear the Gospel again. I needed encouragements from family and friends to open my ears. There are still bad days, mournful days, but I grieve with hope.
I have a Savior, who is stronger than death.
We are different. We have hope.
Love hopes. When you see people flying, legitimately flying through the air, be prepared to see the hope-maker, the death-destroyer, the King of Kings who brings life and love—Jesus Himself. While you wait for Him, may you be filled with hope today and every day.
Hope would be at the top of my list titled "Things I Can't Live Without." I don't know how people do it. I think you have to make stuff up to hope in, if you don't have it, because this life can eat you alive otherwise. There's so much junk, so much crap, so much ugly in this world and when it crashes into our lives, it feels like a tidal wave. Hope says, "You won't drown. I've got you. I'm saving you even when it looks like walls of water and endless sea." That hope is breath in my lungs. I need it to live.


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NEW YORK (AP) — "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part" was easily the weekend's top ticket-seller in theaters over the weekend, but the film's estimated $35 million haul came well shy of expectations.
In second was "What Men What," starring Taraji P. Henson in a loose remake of the 2000 Mel Gibson comedy. It opened with $19 million.
The Liam Neeson thriller "Cold Pursuit" debuted with $10.8 million. Earlier in the week, Neeson drew heavy criticism after he acknowledged wanting to kill a random black person when a close friend told him she had been raped by a black man.


The long-anticipated follow-up to the hit "Independence Day" rolls into theaters Friday, June 24. Jessie T. Usher and Maika Monroe sat down with FOX 4's Shawn Edwards to chat about how they worked to reintroduce the story line into a new generation that was not alive when the original was initially released.
When asked what first comes to mind when they hear "Independence Day" the two quickly said, "this movie."


ETOWAH COUNTY, AL (WBRC) - A state lawmaker from Etowah County says he may not vote for Governor Ivey's proposed gas tax.
At issue, according to Craig Lipscomb, is the northbound bridge that connects Southside and Rainbow City on Highway 77. We told you Monday about the Southside bridge.
A one lane bridge built in 1939 supports a two-lane northbound lane, while a two-lane southbound lane was built in 1979.
Petitions are circulating over traffic congestion caused by the lack of a two-lane bridge heading north.
Lipscomb, a Republican who represents Southside, says ALDOT director John Cooper told him there were no plans for any such bridge. He says Cooper told him that might not change in the future.
"I've been told by ALDOT Director John Cooper, that with or without an infrastructure bill being approved by the legislature, that there will not be a replacement of the antiquated northbound bridge in Southside. It just is not a priority to him," Lipscomb originally told us in a statement.
"I guess if you are a resident of Southside, Rainbow City or any city between the Honda plant and their suppliers, that you just don't matter as much to the State of Alabama and Governor Ivey as everyone else does. Apparently, promises to Honda and residents of House District 30 were just lies. How can the Governor expect me to vote yes on a gas tax that will not benefit my constituents?"
Now Lipscomb is considering voting against the gas tax, if his constituents don't get anything out of it.
"We've got people who work at Honda, people who go to school back and forth across the bridge. We've got tier two and tier three suppliers going back and forth to the Honda plant, that would like to be in a non-congested area obviously," Lipscomb told WBRC.
We've reached out to John Lipscomb but were told he was away from his office.
"Mr. Cooper is traveling and is out of the office for the remainder of the week. He will reach out to you once he returns to the office next week," an ALDOT spokesperson told WBRC by email.


text:
import simpleDDP from '../index';
import { ddpFilterOptions } from '../options';
import { ddpOnChange } from './ddpOnChange';
import { ddpReactiveCollection } from './ddpReactiveCollection';

export interface CollectionChangeEvent<T> {
    changed: boolean | CollectionChangeEventData<T>;
    added: boolean | T;
    removed: boolean | T;
}

export interface CollectionChangeEventData<T> {
    prev: boolean | T;
    next: boolean | T;
    fields: Fields;
    fieldsChanged: FieldsChanged<T>;
    fieldsRemoved: unknown[];
    predicatePassed: boolean[];
}

export interface Fields {
    eventName: number;
    args: number;
}

export interface FieldsChanged<T> {
    eventName: string;
    args: T;
}

export class ddpCollection<T> {
    constructor(name: string, server: simpleDDP);
    exportData(format: 'string' | 'raw'): object | string;
    /**
     * Returns collection data based on filter and on passed settings. Supports skip, limit and sort.
     * Order is `filter` then `sort` then `skip` then `limit`.
     */
    fetch(options: ddpFilterOptions): object;
    /**
     * Allows to specify specific documents inside the collection for reactive data and fetching.
     * @param f Filter function, recieves as arguments object, index and array.
     */
    filter(filterFunc: (data: T) => boolean): this;
    /**
     * Imports data inside the collection and emits all relevant events. Both string and JS object types are supported.
     */
    importData(data: string | object): void;
    /**
     * Returns change observer.
     */
    onChange(f: (data: CollectionChangeEvent<T>) => void, filter?: (data: T) => boolean): ddpOnChange;
    /**
     * Returns reactive collection object.
     */
    reactive(settings: ddpFilterOptions): ddpReactiveCollection<T>;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Il Manisa Büyükşehir Belediyespor, è un club di pallacanestro turco con sede a Magnesia, in Turchia. Il club partecipata alla Basketbol Süper Ligi.

Cronistoria

Palmarès
Türkiye Basketbol Ligi: 1
 2021-2022

Cestisti

Allenatori

Note

Collegamenti esterni


This month, take a moment to assess your lifestyle. Are you living a heart-friendly life or you are heading for disaster? Preventing heart disease requires attention to many aspects of your life. Consider these heart healthy habits. Which ones can you add to your heart-healthy lifestyle?
Your heart is a muscle that needs to be worked regularly to stay strong and healthy. Aim for at least 150 minutes of cardiovascular (heart pumping) exercise each week. Keep track of your activity on a calendar and count your weekly minutes. Don't forget strength training twice a week and a relaxing type of exercise at least once a week. Yoga and tai chi are examples of activities that can help you focus on breathing, patience and quieting your mind.
Breakfast: Use salsa with your veggie egg scramble.
Snack: Keep a piece of fruit on your desk to remind you to eat a healthy snack.
Lunch: Always include a veggie soup or a colorful salad.
Snack: Keep snack size portions of unsweetened dried fruit and nuts in your desk or purse.
Dinner: Steam or roast a mixture of veggies. Save leftovers for a tasty salad topper, to blend into a soup or to serve as a colorful salad.
Dessert: Try grilled nectarines, poached pears or baked apples. So tasty!
Even if you don't reach the target of eight servings per day, there is still a 4 percent risk reduction per portion of vegetables or fruits that you eat each day.
One of the reasons that vegetables and fruits are cardio-protective is that they are full of bioactive plant chemicals, called antioxidants, that protect blood vessels and arteries from the damaging effects of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, the environment and diets that are high in fat, sugar, and flour. Try to eat a variety of colors every day, even every meal. These are some examples of antioxidant-rich vegetables, fruits, nuts and beans from each of the color categories.


text:
FILE - In this June 5, 2018, file photo, Education Secretary Betsy DeVos testifies during hearing on the FY19 budget on Capitol Hill in Washington. A little-known venture capitalist is on the verge of acquiring one of the country's biggest for-profit colleges, a transaction that would put him in control of a troubled national chain vastly larger than the tiny California school he currently owns.(AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File)
Little scrutiny in DeVry sale, as DeVos targets protections
WASHINGTON (AP) — A little-known venture capitalist is on the verge of acquiring one of the biggest for-profit colleges in the country, a transaction that would put him in control of a troubled national chain that's more than 60 times the size of the tiny California school he currently owns. The...
West Virginia's Will Grier (7) throws down field during the first half of an NCAA college football game against Texas Tech, Saturday, Sept. 29, 2018, in Lubbock, Texas. (AP Photo/Brad Tollefson)
September 29, 2018 - 5:23 pm
Grier, No. 12 WVU hold on to beat No. 25 Texas Tech, 42-34
LUBBOCK, Texas (AP) — Will Grier sparked a 28-point first quarter for No. 12 West Virginia. Keith Washington ended any concern over a second-half collapse. Grier threw for 370 yards with three touchdowns, Washington returned an interception 51 yards for what amounted to a clinching score and the...
Clemson wide receiver Hunter Renfrow (13) makes a catch against Georgia Tech defensive back Tariq Carpenter (29) during the first half of an NCAA college football game, Saturday, Sept. 22, 2018, in Atlanta. (AP Photo/Mike Stewart)
Lawrence throws 4 TDs, No. 3 Clemson routs Ga Tech 49-21
ATLANTA (AP) — With plenty of family and friends cheering him on at his first college road game, Trevor Lawrence certainly played like a starting quarterback. Now, the Clemson Tigers have to decide if it's time to push the talented freshman to the top of the depth chart. Lawrence claimed a leading...
Education Secretary Betsy DeVos speaks during a student town hall at National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Monday, Sept. 17, 2018. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
DeVos to students: Don't hide behind a Twitter handle
PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Education Secretary Betsy DeVos on Monday encouraged students to engage others with respect and not to "be nasty" while hiding behind Twitter handles, leading one student to wonder why her boss, President Donald Trump, doesn't appear to abide by those rules. DeVos appeared at...
Trump administration backs Asian-Americans in Harvard case
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration on Thursday sided with Asian-American students suing Harvard University over the Ivy League school's consideration of race in its admissions policy. The lawsuit, filed by Students For Fair Admission on behalf of the students, argues that Harvard...
FILE - In this Sept. 7, 2017, file photo, Education Secretary Betsy DeVos speaks at George Mason University Arlington, Va., campus. Complaints and lawsuits lodged against for-profit colleges are unfolding as DeVos engineers a seismic shift in the regulatory landscape that stands to benefit the multibillion-dollar industry. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, File)
For-profit colleges have allies now, but complaints persist
WASHINGTON (AP) — A lawsuit against Ashford University describes an admissions office with a cutthroat sales culture more akin to a used-car lot than a place of higher learning, peddling "false promises and faulty information" to lure students eligible for federal financial aid. Sound familiar? The...
FILE - In this Oct. 4, 2006, file photo, teacher Tara Grinstead is displayed on a billboard in Ocilla, Ga. New court documents suggest that within weeks of a south Georgia teacher's disappearance, two of her ex-students told friends at a party they had killed her and burned her body. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reports Ryan Alexander Duke and Bo Dukes made the admission a month after Tara Grinstead was reported missing in October 2005. (AP Photo/Elliott Minor, File)
Documents: Suspects in missing teacher's death admit slaying
ATLANTA (AP) — New court documents suggest that within weeks of a south Georgia teacher's 2005 disappearance, two of her ex-students told friends at a party they had killed her and burned her body. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reports Ryan Alexander Duke and Bo Dukes made the admission a month...
Cathleen Dacey, right, a Quinnipiac University law student, talks to Jeanne Piccirillo, 90, and Cairisse Miessau, 85, at Masonicare at Ashlar Village, a retirement community in Wallingford, Conn. Dacey will live at the center this school year as part of an intergenerational learning program. (AP Photo/Pat Eaton-Robb)
Program combats ageism by having students live with seniors
WALLINGFORD, Conn. (AP) — Victoria Kozar, like many students, met one of her best friends while in college. The now 23-year-old, who attended Quinnipiac University in Connecticut, says she and Beth lived in the same building and spent hours talking about everything from boyfriends to baking. Her...
FILE - In this Wednesday, Feb. 21, 2018 file photo, Stormzy poses for photographers upon his arrival at the Brit Awards 2018 in London. London rapper Stormzy said Thursday Aug. 16, 2018, he is setting up a scholarship to help black students attend Britain's prestigious Cambridge University. (Photo by Vianney Le Caer/Invision/AP, File)
Grime star Stormzy launches scholarship for black students
LONDON (AP) — London rapper Stormzy is setting up a scholarship to help black students attend Britain's prestigious Cambridge University. The grime artist says the Stormzy Scholarship will pay the 9,250 pound ($11,750) a year tuition fees, plus a maintenance grant, for two undergraduates at the 800...
FILE - In this Feb. 21, 2015 file photo, an Oscar statue appears outside the Dolby Theatre for the 87th Academy Awards in Los Angeles. The diversity crisis in Hollywood may rage on, but the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is trying to open up access to the entertainment business for people from underrepresented communities. Academy Gold, an inclusive film academy internship program that just wrapped its second summer, helps students learn the ropes of the entertainment business and get a foot in the door before college graduation. (Photo by Matt Sayles/Invision/AP, File)
Diversity-focused academy program boots Hollywood dreamers
LOS ANGELES (AP) — The diversity crisis in Hollywood may rage on, but the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is trying to open up access to the entertainment business for people from underrepresented communities at the most critical moment — when college graduation is in sight. Now its...


text:
10 Reasons to Support CJFE
Free expression is more than just the right to say what you want. It's a universally recognized human right, which CJFE is working to defend and protect. Focusing on issues that impact Canadians, we are a reliable resource for free expression information.
Need more convincing? Here are 10 reasons why you should support CJFE:
1. Protecting right to information Over the past year, Canada's Right to Information ranking – assessing the laws in all countries with access to information legislation – has dropped from 40th to 55th, and is only continuing to slip. CJFE is working to defend your right to information that you need to keep governments accountable. 2. In-depth analysis and context of Canadian issues Our annual Review of Free Expression in Canada provides a one-stop resource for in-depth coverage of the issues that impact Canadians, such as digital rights, access to information and censorship, and includes our annual report card grading the year in free expression. 3. Honouring those who stand up for free expression Each year at our annual CJFE Gala, we honour courageous individuals who are committed to free expression. Shining a spotlight on their stories helps to provide a degree of protection for journalists working in dangerous conditions, and allows us to understand the challenges media face around the world, and how important it is that their stories are told. 4. Advocacy in action Canadians are comparatively lucky: battles for freedom of expression in this country are more often fought with words in courtrooms than with bullets and tear gas on the streets. Nevertheless, Canadians' vital free expression rights have been challenged repeatedly in Canada. CJFE intervenes in legal cases that will lead to the creation of better laws to protect freedom of expression across the country. 5. Defending digital rights The flow of information online does not respect national boundaries, and there are growing concerns about how this will impact Canadians' right to free expression. As the internet continues to become more integrated into our daily lives, CJFE is working to ensure that decisions about its future are not made behind closed doors. 6. Our partnerships make us stronger Did you see our public service announcement on access to information that we created with OMNI and Juniper Park? Or read our submission to the UN on the state of free expression in Canada, which we prepared with the Centre for Law and Democracy, BC Freedom of Information and Privacy Association (FIPA), Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada (LRWC), and PEN Canada? Collaboration and partnerships are a key component of our work. 7. Cross-Canada coverage With our team of volunteers from across the country tracking free expression news in each province and territory, CJFE isn't just focused on national issues. We are working to ensure that regional and local issues are being monitored and integrated into larger conversations on free expression in Canada. 8. Helping journalists to tell their stories The Journalists in Distress fund provides humanitarian assistance to journalists who have been attacked or threatened, usually because of their work. We have helped cover medical expenses for injured journalists, secured visas to help reporters relocate to safety, and paid lawyers' fees when journalists are detained. The Scotiabank/CJFE Journalism Fellowship brings a working journalist from Latin America to Massey College, University of Toronto for a year to continue their research and education. 9. A global network: IFEX Based in Toronto, CJFE manages the IFEX Clearing House, a network of more than 80 organizations around the world committed to free expression. Connecting and collaborating with organizations working and campaigning on similar issues allows us to magnify our impact. We are Canada's voice in this international network. 10. Working to end impunity In a culture of impunity, journalists must overcome censorship, threats, attacks, fear and corruption to report on important stories in the public interest. As a part of the International Day to End Impunity campaign, CJFE is working to ensure that these voices are not silenced.
Want to show your support for CJFE? Make a donation today
Free Expression: Canada type-feature type-blog_entry


Naomi Sakr is Professor of Media Policy at the Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI), University of Westminster, UK. She led a three-year research project on children's screen media in the Arab region (2013-16), supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), and now helps to run a series of workshops about content for young children affected by forced migration, also funded by the AHRC. Her books include 'Children's TV' and 'Digital Media in the Arab World' (co-edited with Jeanette Steemers, 2017).


CMS, The Ablyss Care Management System is a software tool designed solely for the care sector that looks after your home's care management and staffing needs, from care plans, risk assessments and reviews through to absence tracking, training and rotas. The software comes with an extensive data bank of care planning resources and a range of tutorials that gently guides you through the best practices in care planning.
Please visit our website to either watch our short demonstration for a general overview of what CMS can offer you or take a tour of CMS by using the menus on the left hand side of the website to display further information about each of the screens within CMS.


text:
Impressions from "Vlachs in Europe" project
Posted on July 3, 2014 by Cătălina Soare
"Vlachs in Europe" project, held in Tulcea, Romania was a great opportunity for the participants to learn about vlachs history and culture, to accept them as a minority, to live among them. As far as I'm concerned, I enjoyed the time spent in Tulcea with the other participants from Albania and Macedonia.
These people are so friendly, funny, intelligent and I'm glad I've met them. Thanks to the project, I've found out a lot of information about vlachs culture and history, as I sad.
I had the occasion to meet many vlachs people, some of them were participants of the project, and the rest I've met were local people from Tulcea, due to our visits in town. They are very talkative, kind and generous persons.
I'm truly happy that I had the chance to be a part of this beautiful project.
Pleștiu Mihaela (Miki) – ROMANIA
The project called "Vlachs in Europe" was a youth exchange which was held in Tulcea, Romania, from 28th of April until the 6th of May 2014. As the title implies, the project was about the Vlachs, an endangered ethnic minority, and the subjects of the exchange were the culture, language and traditions of Vlachs, and how these can be preserved. It was organised by F.O.R.T.E.S. from Romania. The Association for Progress, Education and Lobbying was the partner organisation from Macedonia, and there were also participants from Albania, from the organisation Beyond Barriers. These countries were chosen on purpose, as all of them have a significant population of Vlachs.
There were eight representatives from Macedonia, and two of us were Vlachs, therefore we had a special interest on the subject. The youth exchange was held in a villa in the city of Tulcea on the Danube delta. We had many activities concerning the cultural and linguistic realities of Vlachs and the countries they live in. We also had one day per each country to present the situation of Vlachs in our countries individually (which finished with an intercultural presentation of each country in the evening).
Apart from the activities in the villa, we also had a planned visit to the Vlach community in Tulcea, the ethnological museum (where among other things the life of the Vlachs in the area was represented), and we also visited Vlachs who live in a nearby village and learned about their lives, customs and traditions – and even made friends with them! At the end of the youth exchange, we had a final performance divided in three groups: a song group, where participants sang Vlach songs, a dance group with traditional dances, and a drama group about Vlach traditions, which used improvised theatre plays to demonstrate Vlach traditions such as wedding and new year.
It was a great project where we learned a lot of things we didn't know about the Vlachs as a people, and discussed about many ways how to improve their position and preserve them as a minority. We also made a lot of friends with the participants from Romania and Albania – but also with the local population – and we are sure we will meet these friends again somewhere!
http://www.pel.mk/impression-of-pel-participants-on-the-project-vlachs-in-europe-in-romania/
Nikola Shteriov – MACEDONIA
This project held in Tulcea, Romania, where the main objective were Vlachs in Europe, showed positive results, given that participants were leaders from Romania, Albania and Macedonia, and all of them had one common motto – to learn about Vlachs, their customs, culture, language and their lifestyle.
Although we were from different countries, but the friendship and the interest to learn and learn something new, wasn't obstacle for us to met each other, socialize, and also to explore, to ask questions, to give answers using the plays, presentations, through songs, to achieve that which associated us in this project. This project and organizers themselves had a good plan and a good organization for the participants as well as how to push themselves to explore.
Everyday activities through Key competences were a guide and how to get to the issues which were topics of interest for the project, as well as familiarizing themselves with Vlachs customs which were presented by representatives in Tulcea, trying on the best way to show their origin. All days until the end of the project we had daily agenda consisted of games, workshops, energizer, and the best of all was the presentation of Vlachs customs through role plays, whose themes were related to the Vlach traditional wedding where the biggest impression left among participants was to find out more about Vlach flag named Hlambura, then customs for Easter, and for the pie named Placinta, and in the end to finish with traditional Vlach music accompanied by dances and songs.
The best key to introduce about Vlachs were workshops, where division into groups and our role inside was helpful for us to be more responsible to finish our duties where all of us had the opportunity to express their opinion, than we exchanged what we had learn, and on that way to helped us to find out more about Vlachs. It was our honor and pleasure to introduce and talk with several Vlach representatives, including the President of Vlach Organization, who live and work in Tulcea, they told us more about Vlachs history where their main objective is to fight to be recognized as a minority and to have some rights and benefits which are supposed to posses as Vlachs, that is not case in Macedonia, because here Vlachs are recognized as a minority where they have big advantages in education and work.
In order to express what we had learn, we had that opportunity to give our suggestions which is the best way to present the Vlachs people, which will be the most appropriate way to learn Vlach language, culture and tradition. On this way we made a difference about Vlachs in Romania, Albania and Macedonia and their way on life. This project was a great challenge and a great experience, because in this way we had that opportunity to express our opinion, ideas, to know more about ourselves, about other people, about meeting with them, and not only about Vlachs, but in all areas in all over the world.
Elena Nikolova – MACEDONIA
"Vlachs in Europe" was a multicultural youth exchange, which was held in the country of Tulcea, Romania. The project took place from 28th April until 7th of May, with a partnership consisting in three countries with Vlachs roots: Romania, Macedonia and Albania. As you can understand, the thematic of this project was about Vlach community, a minority with a culture endangered. The main goals were to learn more about Vlachs costumes and traditions, to exchange information regarding the evolution in time and space of this community, to preserve and promote the Vlachs cultural heritage along with the other European cultures.
In order to accomplish all of them we followed a daily agenda rich with different activities such as workshops, seminars, free-discussions, brain storming, intercultural nights, games, energizers, role plays ect. Apart of this activities we visited the Vlach community in the Tulcea branch, the ethnological museum and we also visited Vlachs who live in a nearby village, in the area of Dobrogea and learned more about their lives. We also had the honor to introduce and talk with several Vlach representatives, including the President of Vlach Organization, who live and work in Tulcea.
Everybody was so friendly with us and that made this project more successful. We not only reached the goals of the project but we also had an amazing experience, that for everybody is hard to forget. I had the opportunity to cooperate with people from different backgrounds and I am glad I have met them! I am really happy to have been part of this project!
Besia Flaka – ALBANIA
During the project I've developed a lot of important information, the exact ones that I expected to accumulate before the project. An important step in this development was the way the activities were organized but also the friendly compact group that was created.
Tatu Horațiu Ștefan – ROMANIA
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Product description: Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a full-length recombinant ACY1.
Immunogen: ACY1 (AAH00545, 1 a.a. ~ 408 a.a) full-length recombinant protein with GST tag. MW of the GST tag alone is 26 KDa.
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