text:
Jill Brisbois has dedicated her entire legal career to practicing criminal defense and advocating on behalf of the criminally accused. Over the years, she has earned numerous successful results and jury acquittals for clients facing all types of criminal charges, including murder, criminal sexual conduct, assault, DWI, and more. Jill is among just 3% of attorneys in the state to be a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist by the Minnesota State Bar Association.
With over a decade of experience, Jill is equipped with the insight and resources to effectively defend clients in both State and Federal Court. Because she knows her clients often face life-altering penalties, she works aggressively to protect their rights, freedoms, and futures throughout the entire criminal process.
Jill's formidable trial and courtroom skills are sought after by other attorneys with their client's legal issues. She has assisted other lawyers in trial and depositions for criminal, family, personal injury, and bankruptcy matters. She has earned continued recognition for her legal excellence, including selected to the Minnesota Super Lawyers® List of Rising Stars from 2013-2017 and Super Lawyers® List from 2018-2019.
Prior to joining Caplan & Tamburino Law Firm, P.A., Jill was an associate at the Minneapolis law firm that handles criminal and personal injury cases. She is now committed to providing experienced guidance to men and women across the Twin Cities and state of Minnesota who come to our firm in times of need.
MSBA Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist – only 3% of all Attorneys achieve this status
Elected to the Board of Directors of MACDL (MN Assn of Criminal Defense Lawyers)
Super Lawyers® Rising Stars 2013-2017
Super Lawyers® 2018-2019
William Mitchell College of Law, J.D. – 2005
University of Minnesota, B.A. – 2000
Minnesota Association of Criminal Defense Lawyer
Federal District Court of Minnesota
Federal District Court of North Dakota

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sippers Winemakers is a proud member of the RJS Academy. The RJS Craft Winemaking Academy is a network of the best and most passionate winemakers and retailers across the country. RJS Academy stores are committed to providing exceptional products, services, and the best craft winemaking experience to consumers.The RJS Academy collectively aims to build a sustainable and quality craft winemaking industry through standards and consistency. They provide consumers the ultimate retail and on premise winemaking experience. With over 100 committed members, RJS Academy retails across the country are proud to provide excellence in craft winemaking.
Wendy Warkman has lived in Kamloops since 1984, and likes to keep active by biking hiking skiing and kayaking. She is just great; what a chatty gal. There is no way you can have an off day when you are working with Wendy. She is a ray of sunshine on a cloudy day. She is the mastermind behind the operation .She is still completely baffled that she has managed in small business for so long having had no entreprunial background. "It is a miracle, we must be doing something right!". I guess we are because otherwise, it just wouldn't be this much fun. You really have to enjoy what you do because you spend so much time doing it.
Wine kits are absolutely a great way to make wine. We have a huge selection of wines from around the world. We also carry everything else you will need for wine making, including the labels, corks, wine bottles and ton of accessories. All of our equipment is state of the art and maintained in perfect working order to ensure your wine making experience at Sippers is flawless and fun.
Judging from competition results, kit wines are excellent, increasingly often indistinguishable from commercial wines, and are winning more awards.
According to statistics the general interest in wine, globally, is increasing dramatically and we would like to be positioned to provide the Kamloops population a place to learn more about what is available and to have the opportunity to create custom wines to individual tastes whatever is desired and available.
We love wine! Our expertise in recommending the right wine for you is a result of rigorous testing of commercial product coupled with intimate knowledge of all the wines that we offer. The result? You get the wine best suited to your personal tastes. It's guaranteed.
We consider wine as something that adds value to a social setting, a fine meal or a quiet evening at home. We want our customers to create, savour and share fine wines from juices sourced from the best wine producing regions of the world; from vendors who have established a reputation as leaders within the industry.
In an effort to give back to the community, Sippers is proud to sponsor many local events, organizations and charities around the Kamloops area.
Kit winemaking has come a long way since concentrate-in-a-can wines of yesteryears. Today's kit wines are produced from either high-quality concentrate or a blend of concentrate and juice sourced from premium vineyards around the world. Wine kit production technology progressed significantly over the last decade, which has improved the quality of concentrates and the resulting wine.
Kit manufacturers source grapes from vineyards around the world from both northern and southern hemispheres to have a constant supply throughout the year. Concentrates are (and must be) produced year-round, unlike winemaking in each specific region, which happens only once a year. Kit winemakers can therefore make wine year round.
As growers and wineries, kit manufacturers too harvest grapes based not only on sugar level, acidity, and pH, but also on physiological and sensorial (organoleptic) characteristics, such as color and flavors, which must be balanced with the chemistry of the grapes.
Once harvested, white varietal grapes are crushed and pressed, and the juice is transferred to tanks to allow unwanted solids to settle. The juice is stabilized with sulfite, and then enzymes that break down pectin, and bentonite are added, both of which play a critical role in clarifying the juice as well as, ultimately, the wine. The juice is further stabilized at very cold temperatures where it is then separated from the heavy deposit at the bottom of the tank, and filtered. The juice must be maintained cold to prevent fermentation from starting on its own.
In the case of red varietals, where color must be extracted during the juice processing stage (as opposed to during fermentation in winemaking), grapes are crushed and allowed to macerate with the juice in a tank at cold temperatures to prevent fermentation from starting on its own. Special enzymes are added to extract color and aromas from the grape skins; this is the most critical step in producing red juice of high organoleptic quality. When the desired quality is achieved, the grapes are pressed and the juice is moved to the next stage of processing. Some grapes may be kept for shipping with kits where additional maceration is desired during winemaking.
The white or red juice is run through a concentrator to remove some of the water content and concentrate the juice. Key aromas and flavors, which may be lost during processing, are recovered and returned to the concentrate; this is the critical step that now ensures minimal loss of aromas and flavors compared with kits of yesteryear.
At this point, the manufacturer decides on the quality and style of wine the kit is intended to produce. The concentrate may be blended with other concentrates to replicate, for example, a red (typically a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot), or varietal juice is added for greater varietal character.
As a last step, the concentrate is pasteurized to eradicate any latent spoilage microorganisms, and is then packaged for sale.


The Vine's Simply Marinara sauce is a light and delicious tomato sauce made with all organic, Non-GMO ingredients. It has balanced flavors and a beautiful vibrant red color. There is no sodium and no sugar added to the recipe so you can enjoy Simply Marinara every day and feel great about it. 25 mg of naturally occurring sodium (from vegetables) per serving.
Ingredients: Organic Tomatoes, Organic Tomato Purée, Organic Fresh Onions, Organic Fresh Carrots, Organic Fresh Garlic, Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Organic Fresh Basil, Organic Black Pepper.


text:
from typing import List, Optional, Union

def a(x: List[int]) -> List[str]:
    return <warning descr="Expected type 'List[str]', got 'List[List[int]]' instead">[x]</warning>

def b(x: int) -> List[str]:
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def c() -> int:
    return <warning descr="Expected type 'int', got 'str' instead">'abc'</warning>

def d(x: int) -> List[str]:
    return [str(x)]

def e() -> int:
    pass

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    x = int(input())
    if x > 0:
        return <warning descr="Expected type 'Optional[str]', got 'int' instead">42</warning>
    elif x == 0:
        return 'abc'
    else:
        return

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    x = 42

def k() -> None:
    if True:
        pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text: A collection of useful PHP functions to prettify hashes into an Excel file.


text:
Q: Quartic Equation having Galois Group as $S_4$ Suppose $f(x)\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ be an irreducible Quartic polynomial with Galois Group as $S_4$. Let $\theta$ be a root of $f(x)$ and set $K=\mathbb{Q}(\theta)$.Now, the Question is:
Prove that $K$ is an extension of degree $\mathbb{Q}$ of degree 4 which has no proper Subfields?
Are there any Galois Extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ of degree 4 with no proper sub fields.
As i have adjoined a root of irreducible quartic, I can see that $K$ is of degree $4$ over $\mathbb{Q}$.
But, why does there is no proper subfield of $K$ containing $\mathbb{Q}$.
suppose $L$ is proper subfield of $K$, then $L$ has to be of degree $2$ over $\mathbb{Q}$. So, $L$ is Galois over $\mathbb{Q}$. i.e., $L$ is normal So corresponding subgroup of Galois group has to be normal.
I tried working in this way but could not able to conclude anything from this.
any help/suggestion would be appreciated.
Thank You

A: As has been remarked, the non-existence of intermediate fields is equivalent to $S_{3}$ being a maximal subroup of $S_{4}.$ If not, then there is a subgroup $H$ of $S_{4}$ with $[S_{4}:H] = [H:S_{3}] = 2.$ Now $S_{3} \lhd H$ and $S_{3}$ contains all Sylow $3$-subgroup of $H.$ But $S_{3}$ has a unique Sylow $3$-subgroup, which is therefore normal in $H.$ Hence $H$ contains all Sylow $3$-subgroups of $S_{4}$ as $H \lhd S_{4}$ and $[S_{4}:H] = 2.$ Then since $H$ only has one Sylow $3$-subgroup, $S_{4}$ has only one Sylow $3$-subgroup, a contradiction
(for example, $\langle (123) \rangle$ and $\langle (124) \rangle$ are different Sylow $3$-subgroups of $S_{4}$).

A: Convert the question to a problem in permutation groups.
Let $F$ be the splitting field of
$$f(x)=(x-\theta_1)(x-\theta_2)(x-\theta_3)(x-\theta_4)$$
with $\theta=\theta_1$.
We were given that the Galois group realizes all the 24 permutations of the roots $\theta_i,i=1,2,3,4.$ Therefore
$$
\operatorname{Gal}(F/\mathbb{Q}(\theta))=\operatorname{Sym}(\{\theta_2,\theta_3,\theta_4\})
$$
contains automorphisms realizing all the six permutations of the other roots.
Galois correspondence then means that the claim is equivalent to:

There are no subgroups $H$ properly between $\operatorname{Sym}(\{\theta_2,\theta_3,\theta_4\})$ and $\operatorname{Sym}(\{\theta_1,\theta_2,\theta_3,\theta_4\})$.

In other words, this is equivalent to proving that the obvious copy of $S_3$ inside $S_4$ is a maximal subgroup. Have you seen that? If not, can you prove it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
3 areas where your academic journal may be testing authors' trust and how to address them
Image Credit: Pexels
For scholars, submitting a manuscript to an academic journal is somewhat like a trust fall exercise. After spending months, maybe even years, carefully crafting a paper and then selecting a journal to pursue publication in, scholars must let their manuscript metaphorically "fall" into the arms of that journal with hopes that it will be caught by the editors and carefully handled during peer review.
Okay, this may be a bit of an exaggerated metaphor… but you get where we're going here.
It's the job of academic journals to ensure that authors feel supported throughout the submission experience. Yet, many journal teams are so focused on the internal mechanics of their editorial and publishing processes that they fail to look at things from the submissions side. As a result, they can remain unaware of areas of their submission experience that may be frustrating authors and testing their trust in the publication, which could, over time, turn off authors from working with the journal (not a situation you want to have!).
In this post, we look at 3 areas of the submission experience that can test authors' trust in your journal and how to address them.
Unclear manuscript preparation instructions
You don't want to start testing authors' trust before they've even gotten their manuscript to your journal! Yet, this can easily be the case if your journal does not have clear manuscript preparation instructions. Keeping with our introductory metaphor– the first part of any good trust fall is getting lined up to be caught. Manuscript preparation is when authors get their submission in position. They want to be confident that they've been given a fair shot at review without having their paper desk rejected because of a manuscript formatting step that wasn't made obvious.
There's nothing that frustrates authors more than not being able to find straight guidelines on how to prepare a manuscript submission. Among common sources of frustration are having to hunt for manuscript formatting guidelines on a journal's website only to find scattered information, struggling to visualize and follow written formatting instructions, and encountering conflicting information within journal instructions. The more scattered or complex your manuscript formatting guidelines are the more likely authors will be to question the information provided in them. This could turn away authors from submitting to your journal or result in unnecessary email chains between your editors and authors who are trying to get answers to questions they can't easily find on your website.
Journals should aim to make their manuscript guidelines easily accessible and digestible, ideally including formatting examples where possible to alleviate areas of confusion and help authors feel confident that they're preparing their manuscript in the proper way. Among best practices journals should follow are:
Having a dedicated page for submission instructions
Using charts and headers to break up information
Linking to example manuscripts and reference styles (authors won't know if you want manuscripts formatted differently than final articles)
Including information on the placement of key elements (e.g., figures, figure legends, tables, conflicts of interest, funding, and ethics statements)
Providing explicit permission requirements so nothing comes as a surprise to authors
Of course, even with the most well-thought-out instructions, some authors will still have questions about manuscript preparation. Your journal website should include clear instructions for contacting your editors so authors know they have a place to go when in doubt. Ideally, include a person's contact information on your website instead of just a link to a generic contact form or journal email. Authors want to know that their emails are going to real people, not into the void!
Clunky submission experiences
When an author submits their manuscript to your journal, they're "making the fall" so to speak. Once they hit that submit button they want assurance that their paper will be caught by your editorial team and processed efficiently. One of the worst questions for an author to be left with after submitting their manuscript is - "did the journal actually get my paper?" Unfortunately, many submission systems leave authors wondering this.
Authors' trust in your submission system can get tested pretty early on, particularly if they find the submission account set up process unclear or if they experience hiccups while processing their submission. If authors can't figure out how to use your submission system or if it's tripping up and causing authors to lose their work and have to redo it, then you're not making a good first impression on authors or earning their trust.
Another common source of anxiety for authors is when journals use submission systems that don't allow for human interaction. Journals that use submission systems that only use automated emails without a mechanism for one-to-one communication can be highly frustrating for all actors involved, with editors having to send automated emails and then later sift through a journal email inbox to look for responses from authors. In this scenario, author emails can fall through the cracks, and when emails go unanswered it puts a bad taste in authors' mouths making them question if any emails they send will be seen at all.
Building in points in the submission and peer review process to send personal communication can help assuage authors' concerns that their emails may be going into a void and to assure authors that any automated updates they receive are in fact accurately reflecting your journals' workflow. Editors sending simple updates after authors take an action, like saying "Thank you for making these revisions your manuscript will now go through a final round of peer review" can go a long way to assure authors that their submission is moving along. Ideally, journal editors should be able to do this right from their peer review system. For example, Scholastica has a Discussions feature that editors and authors can use to easily communicate with each other right in the system.
Unnecessary bottlenecks between peer review and publication
Once their manuscript is under review, a common source of frustration among authors is unnecessary hold ups in peer review and publishing. Some common causes of this are editors not making decisions on manuscripts in a timely manner, reviewers not being responsive, and production delays that hold up the publication of an article.
The best way you can know if your journal is causing such bottlenecks is to look at the numbers. Ideally, your journal should track internal performance metrics in order to be able to spot and evaluate bottlenecks in your processes. The main metrics you'll want to focus on are:
Articles per editor and time to decision by editor
Reviewer performance stats, including responsiveness and time to review
The average amount of time it takes your journal to publish accepted articles
You should be sensitive to any numbers that seem problematic and address them to ensure editors are able to handle their assignments without losing track of things, that you're not using reviewers prone to cause delays, and that you're publishing articles in a timely manner.
Also, it's a good idea to look at your average revise and resubmission cycle - this may be done anecdotally by checking a few sample submissions. If your manuscripts are going through more than 3 rounds of review, consider how you can eliminate unnecessary rounds. Wendy Belcher, the former managing editor of Aztlán Journal of Chicano Studies, gave some great advice on this in a past blog post.
With regard to your journal's average time to publication – you'll want to consider whether there are any aspects of your publishing process that are causing unnecessary delays in the release of articles. One vestige of print publishing that many journals have perpetuated online, which can cause lengthy delays in publication and frustrate authors, is issue-based publishing. Journals may wait weeks, months, or even years to publish a paper for it to be a part of an issue. This can leave authors feeling pretty anxious wondering when their article will actually be available!
While compiling articles into issues was necessary for print publishing, as it wouldn't be practical to print and distribute articles individually, in online publishing the wait time journals have between accepting articles and publishing them in issues is generally self-imposed. For authors, waiting and wondering when an article they labored over will go out and be able to start making an impact is a big turn off. So if you can avoid waiting to publish articles in issues and instead publish articles on a rolling basis you can vastly improve the experience of authors working with your journal and build up trust.
We hope you find these tips helpful! Are there other aspects of the publishing process that you think can commonly test authors' trust in journals? Let us know your thoughts in the comments section or on Twitter!
Tags:academic publishingscholarly communicationpeer revieweditorial teamacademic journal production
Why Scholastica is taking a different approach to single-source production: Interview with CTO Cory Schires
In this interview, Scholastica CTO and Co-Founder Cory Schires discusses the development of Scholastica's single-source production service, how it differs from other XML-based workflows, and why we're working to optimize the production process for both humans and machines.
DOAJ indexing criteria and how to apply: A guide for OA journals
What are the DOAJ's latest indexing criteria? And how can you apply to add one or more journals to the DOAJ? We break down everything you need to know in this blog post.
Improving journal metadata outputs, from basics to semantics: Interview with Jabin White
Jabin White, Vice President of Content Management for JSTOR and Portico, shares his thoughts on how metadata quality can be improved across academia, and how publishers can move from basic metadata concepts to creating enhanced metadata.
New Features: User experience improvements for journal editors and peer reviewers
At Scholastica, we prioritize user experience in the development of our journal peer review, production, and Open Access hosting solutions above all else. Check out our latest round of software design improvements.
Launching a fully OA society journal: How ASCO started the Journal of Global Oncology
As societies grapple with questions around how to approach open access publishing, one of the best ways to identify viable options is to look to other societies with successful OA titles. In this post, Emilie Gunn, managing editor for the American Society of Clinical Oncology journals, discusses how ASCO launched it's first fully OA journal.
How We Open Knowledge: Interview with Keri O'Keefe, The Journal of Child Life
Keri O'Keefe, Manager of Publications at The Association of Child Life Professionals, discusses how she and her team flipped ACLP's Journal of Child Life: Psychosocial Theory and Practice to a Diamond OA model.


When the station wagon was in the shop for repairs, this girl had to share the front seat with her dog Hoobert in her mom's Miata.
Juliette, 10 months, and her Dobie Ruby enjoying the sunshine in Oakland. They're the best of friends.
A nap is always more restful with a puppy.
Arabella, 4, and Dashel, 2, with their one-and-a-half-year-old bullmastiff, Rocco, contemplating the view on the Mendocino coast.
This python named Ginger is very sociable and loves helping with homework and watching TV.
Nap time is better with a puppy.
Will, 2, and his 15-year-old Brittany Spaniel, Ace. Ace still loves going for walks and seeing the neighborhood but sometimes has a hard time getting around and Will loves sharing his wagon with him.
The dog wants to play too!
Zoe's chocolate lab, Samson, makes a great seat.
Zoe's chocolate lab, Samson, makes a great pillow.
What do you get when you combine cute kids and their cute pets? Cute overload!
Here's a collection of adorable photos from our readers that will make you smile. If you've been on the fence about whether or not to get your kid that pet he desperately wants, this gallery will convince you that every family needs a dog, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, or even a snake. The bond these children share with their pets is beautiful. There's a lot of love in these photos. Thank you to everyone for sharing.


a weekly mail exchange with my art friend , Nancy.
the sofa later and travel vicariously with her.
She told me my blog inspired her and that makes me happy.
losing the inspiration I got from my writing group was hard.
my posts from time to time and hope you too will do what feeds your soul.
sky turned dark and the heavens threatened to open.
was also a tree stump which I rolled in front of the chairs for a foot rest.
" Stand still and be astonished."
This morning our 12 year old golden woke me at 5:45. That was good but 4:45 would have been even better. That would give me time to leisurely sip my coffee, get dressed and out before the sunrise.
I saw it rising over the trees outside my bedroom window but I wasn't out experiencing it. Before the wind begins to stir, there is a stillness to the morning that gives a canvas of ever changing reflections. Walking along the beach this morning was like a religious experience. Nature never fails to amaze me with her palette of color, songs of the shore birds and smells of the sea. Maybe tomorrow I'll see the sunrise.
that sang the best. "
" Job well done! "
The house, which doubled as a gallery, was well worn. Canvas's and colorful bottles filled the large window overlooking Commercial Street. The artwork had an old school Provincetown feeling and when I walked through the front door I felt like I was traveling through time. The small, dark hallway lead into a large living room filled with canvases of all sizes. It was musty in an oddly inviting way, like summer houses we would rent when I was a little girl; always filled with excitement for another summer on Cape Cod.
I heard my husband say " Do you think they are open? " A woman's voice responded " We're a little dusty, if you don't mind dust we are open." Settled comfortably, at an old desk behind the front door, sat a small round woman with twinkly eyes and grey hair. She had a box of corks in her laps from the local resturants. On the floor, up against the wall and under the window were more boxes of corks. Next to the tattered old swivel chair sat a tiny table with a large zip lock bag of corks. She explained the reason for all the corks. " I am the sorter of the corks " she said contentedly. " I go through all these boxes of corks, separate the good ones and we sell them to raise money to buy trees. When you go to the library you will see three new trees, they are cork trees!"
This happy little woman had me at "corks". The more I talked with her the more enchanted I became. Her husband, who sat snoozing in the back room, was the painter. The large tropical bird in the kitchen was her "best friend". Seventeen years ago they agreed to take care of the bird for three weeks. The owner never returned and so the bird, is a great talker and confidante.
She invited us to wander through the house. Along with her husband slept two dogs and three cats. On the kitchen table there was marmalade, jam, toast and an ancient teapot. She told us they had moved to P-town fifty years ago. " A lot has changed since then, back then the only other women were two nurses and two teachers." I am still not sure whether she referred to her only friends or the only women living in Provincetown.
She held up the large zip lock bag of corks and confessed, "These are the prized ones I cannot part with. Some are very rare, some are just too beautiful to part with and some of them have phone numbers on them to call.... of course I have to call those." she said with an enchanting twinkle in her eye.
is the best day in the year. "
Now that it is warm I drink my coffee outside on my new purchase, a dreamy wicker chaise with hunter green cushions. Our house, built around 1840, is on a main road yet the back yard is a private oasis of birdsong. Yesterday my neighbor sat meditating in her backyard with the contented look of Buddha. She said, " I can't think of any place I'd rather be, this is my favorite place in the world. " I had to agree.
There is something about starting the day with the birds flitting and swooping around you. Nothing worldly seems terribly pressing when you are listening to a symphony of birdsong. The variety of song would suggest there are far more birds than I can identify. I see only the chickadees, robins, finches, starlings, mockingbirds, grackles, sparrows and an occasional cardinal. Early in the spring I saw red wing blackbirds but they are gone. Yesterday I saw a pair of morning doves in the bird bath and last night a bunny with a fluffy white tail sat munching the wildly overgrown grass in the backyard.
Spring is most certainly here. We put the skis into storage and the summer clothes are making their debut. Hanging pots of pansies have been adorning the front porch for over a month. The forsythia bushes create a wild border of yellow blossoms around the property. This is a truly happy house and I cannot think of anywhere I'd rather be than here in Harwich.
In the past six months there have been but a handful of days that I didn't walk at least one beach. A stomach bug kept me in one day, another was just too bitter and windy and the days I was away. That was until three weeks ago when I was diagnosed with shingles. I think of myself as pretty bullet proof but this was hideously painful, debilitating and isolating. At one point the nerve pain brought me to tears.
Now I am on the mend; not 100% energy wise but trying to be patient. I did find I have a "window" most days of a couple of decent hours.A few weeks ago I dropped two collages off at the Creative Arts Center in Chatham and later got a call I was an Honorable Mention winner. Later in the week I made my way to The Mayflower , an iconic gift store in Chatham, to show them my line of cards and they enthusiastically placed an order. So those were two very positive things that happened and now I plan to make up for lost time on the beach!
Last week we spent the week in Stowe,Vermont where there was enough snow to do everything we love. The downhill was hard pack with more ice than I care for and very fast. Cross country was similar but we found some trails along sunny farm fields that were spectaular. My favorite days were the days we spent exploring different walking trails.
The Information Center in town has maps with detailed instructions to exquisite walks. Many of them are through woods that have been donated by generous families for conservation and the enjoyment of nature lovers. One family I am grateful to is the Weizner family who donated acres of the woods I took these photographs of.


Savoy from Boulder, Colorado is a high energy DJ that plays Mashup, Electronic, Rave, maybe some Hip Hop and other types of music. This DJ is perfect for Fraternity Parties, Sorority Parties, Festivals, Concerts, Nightclubs and other events. Call or email Music Garden today at 800-689-BAND(2263).


Morgan Denton comes to FEPPS from the WorkFirst program at Olympic College in Kitsap County, where she coordinated life skills classes and supported students facing barriers to starting and completing college, including people that are currently justice involved and many that are formerly justice involved. In that role, her work included student advising, weekly orientations, financial aid assistance, and case management to assist with the facet of barriers students face. She has an AA degree from Olympic College with a Chemical Dependency Professional Certificate and will complete her BA in Criminal Justice at UW Tacoma this quarter. Her passions are restorative justice, the school to prison pipeline, education and reentry policy, accessible and equitable education.


Summer is a novel published in 1917. It is is one of two novels by Wharton that were set in New England. Its themes include social class, the role of women in society, destructive relationships, sexual awakening and the desire of its protagonist, named Charity Royall. The novel was rather controversial for its time and is one of the less famous among her novels because of its subject matter.


Wroxham resident and retired Fleet Street journalist Keith Turner runs a very interesting web site that chronicles the fascinating history of our village.
Keith writes: " Starting with the talk I gave to The Friends of Wroxham Church in 2010 about my boyhood in a village where three generations of my family lived my website has grown over the years with fascinating tales of life here from other contributors. Read about the bear at Bear's Grove, news from the 1800s, the secret wartime warriors living in The Avenue, the double crash of two Liberators in a Wroxham field, and some of the interesting characters who populated the parish.


You can rest assured our work is completed to a very high standard. We strive to complete all work as efficiently as possible, keeping disruption to a minimum.
06/03/2019 David is a really nice bloke. Reliable, hardworking and thorough. Cleaned up and arranged quick removal of scaffolding. So pleased with my rebuilt chimney and repointed side elevation. Brickwork isn't cheap and it's great to find quality work. Worth every penny. Thanks David.
13/08/2018 Excellent repointing job completed by David. Even popped round to the neighbour's house to clear up the dust in the garden.
27/07/2018 Dave had a difficult job to do. Access was limited and some of the area was high up. He also installed a new window sill. The standard of work was high as was the temperature-the hottest day of the year so far. Considering the amount of work he had to do and the standard of his work, the price was fair. He turned up on time and I would definitely recommend him.
19/05/2018 David replaced flaking or broken bricks on front facade. Work was done with no quibbles, cleanly and discreetly. The price was fair compared to a previous quote from a builder and was done well within the time quoted. David has a very friendly demeanor and is easy to engage with, appreciate the quickness in answering via email. Would use again.
02/05/2018 Seeing the excellent feedback on this site for David Grazier's work we contacted him to quote for work at both back and front of our Edwardian terraced house. He came promptly and quoted a fair price very quickly. Once the timing for the job had been agreed he arrived early and organised the scaffolding and then got to work. Despite the poor weather that applied for most of the days he was here he carried on working in what must have been pretty miserable conditions and has done an excellent job. As others have said he tidied up and removed all the waste. A real craftsman and a pleasure to meet. Strongly recommended and if we need any such work done in future David will be our first and only port of call!
08/02/2018 During a loft extension build our builders told us that we needed some repointing on our gable wall. Based on positive feedback on this website we called Dave and he came over within a couple of days to check out the job and gave us a very reasonable quote. Within a week he was on site and completed the work on time, he did some extra areas we discovered needed doing and he cleared up beautifully afterwards. Very happy with the work he has done. Happy to recommend him.
11/09/2017 Dave re-pointed the front of our victorian terraced house which was in a poor state. He has done a fantastic job. He was very straightforward to deal with. He responded quickly to our call, provided a quote promptly which was a fair price. He worked within the timescale he quoted, arrived promptly and tidied up after himself. It was nice to meet the person that was going to do the actual work and we are very happy to have found him. We would not hesitate to use him again or recommend him.
02/08/2017 Dave did some brick repair work on our house. He has very easy to work with, showing up when he said he would, performed quality work and kept everything tidy. I wouldn't hesitate to hire Dave again for future work.
02/07/2017 Dave re-pointed the side and rear of our Victorian terrace house in the Chiswick Park area. He was quick to respond to our initial enquiry, very prompt, reliable and hard working. He provided very clear quotes, including for some additional jobs that we asked him to do midway through the main works. The pointing looks great. We would happily recommend him.
08/05/2017 Dave re -pointed the back of my Victorian terrace house on the Glebe Estate. He also had to replace a significant number of weathered bricks. it was a tricky job because there is a grazed conservatory which needed protection. Dave was efficient, professional, clean and tidy. He was easy to deal with and I would definitely recommend him.
01/12/2016 The eponymous DG (Dave Grazier) did three smallish jobs on the brickwork on our house: removing and replacing crumbling 'red rubber' bricks on the front; removing and replacing cracked bricks on the side, and repointing a chunk of the back wall that was in a pretty dire state. He came round to quote at a time to suit me, delivered a handwritten quote quickly at a fair price, and completed the work in the time he estimated. The work itself was a great job, and once the mortar has aged a bit you won't be able to tell what's been replaced and what's original. He was friendly and considerate throughout, always waiting outside at first light to start work. I wouldn't hesitate to use Dave again for similar work.
29/10/2016 David came to look at the work promptly and gave me a detailed written quote.
He carried out the work as planned and left the site clean and tidy.
A professional job and am more than happy to use him again.
25/09/2016 Dave did an excellent job replacing very crumbling and neglected brickwork at the front of our terraced Edwardian house. He was extremely helpful, considerate and reliable whilst doing the work, and the end result has given the front of the house a much-needed new lease of life. I would be very happy to recommend him.
18/08/2016 Excellent work from Dave on repointing our gable wall. He responded very quickly to our request for estimate. Agreed price and timescale. He proved very reliable and was very pleasant to deal with. Highly recommended.
09/08/2016 Dave has done a couple of jobs at our house, re-pointed a kitchen wall, and rebuilt the front garden wall. Both were completed on time, in budget with no fuss, and the results are excellent. I would not hesitate to recommend him.
11/02/2016 The front of our house was in pretty dire condition, with about 40 bricks that were just crumbling to bits and mortar that was disintegrating. Dave replaced all the bricks and repointed, and it looks really excellent. He is also very easy to communicate with and a pleasure to work with. The work is not inexpensive, (though his quote matched the others we received) but has made a huge difference.
25/05/2015 Dave has just repointed the whole of the front of my house. It looks really great and my neighbours have commented how much better it looks! Dave is a real craftsman and it is a pleasure to work with him. I highly recommend him.
23/04/2015 Dave has just finished repointing the back of our house. the work he did was to a very high standard and we are very pleased with the result.
Dave is a pleasure to deal with always on time and very tidy.
22/04/2015 Dave repointed our flagstones in the back garden. He was very pleasant to deal with, gave us a good price and did a lovely and efficient job. I wouldn't hesitate to recommend him.
15/12/2014 Dave repointed our entire house this September which was a big job and made more complicated as we are not currently living there but have tenants.
He was extremely professional and efficient and calculated the time it would take very accurately. He also ensured there was minimum disruption to our tenants and surrounding neighbours.
The quality of his work is excellent and he is right to be proud of his craftsmanship. I wouldn´t hesitate in recommending him.
04/12/2014 David Grazier did some brick repairs on my house. The work was to a very high standard, excellent. I would not hesitate to use his services again and cannot recommend him more highly.
17/11/2014 David Grazier came to repoint the lower outside wall of our house. He did a very good job, was efficient, friendly and reasonably priced. Would use him again any day.
24/10/2014 Dave replaced and repointed brickwork on the outside of our house. He is very professional, reliable and works to a high standard. He was able to finish the job one day ahead of schedule. We are very pleased with the results and wouldn't hesitate to recommend Dave.
10/08/2014 David completed the pointing work on the front of our home to a very high standard. A surveyor who recently visited our property commented on the high standard of workmanship which he said you don't often see. David completed the work in a timely manner and worked efficiently and with minimum disruption to us. We would use him again.
13/05/2014 David is a fantastic workman. Tidy, on time and very skilled. The pointing he carried out on our side wall near the roof is exceptional. We will certainly use hime again for further work at the back of our house. It is so good to find a reliable, honest and skilled tradesman. Thanks David.
03/05/2014 David rebuilt about five metres of garden wall that had been demolished by a falling tree. The workmanship was top quality, far higher than the original wall replaced; David's quote was the lowest of three; and he did the work very quickly and without creating any fuss, leaving everything very tidily. I would definitely use him again if I have the need for bricklaying and would recommend him.
02/12/2013 David took down and rebuilt a large chimney stack and did a big repointing job on the side of my house in W3.His charges are reasonable and he provides an excellent service.I have used him before and highly recommend him.
26/11/2013 David repointed, capped and flaunched a number of large chimney stacks on our roof & terrace. Using materials/mortar mixes respectful to our victorian property he completed the work quickly and with minimal fuss. He was reliable, tidy and the result was a high quality finish. Highly recommended.
23/06/2013 Dave rebuilt a chimney stack that was leaning precariously. He managed to save and re-use the existing chimney pots. The new stack looks good and was completed on time with no fuss.
09/01/2013 Dave recently did some re-pointing for me and also fitted a new airbrick. I was pleased with the work and will happily use Dave again.
11/11/2012 DG repointed our house in W6. Good job- neat, tidy and professional. Would recommend.
03/10/2012 Dave did a great job lowering and repairing our two chimneys. He was a friendly and reliable worker and the work was done on budget and on time. He did a thorough job and left the place tidy. We would happily employ Dave again and recommend his work.
14/08/2012 We had some crumbling brickwork. Dave turned up on time, did a fine job, charged a fair price, and left things tidy. We will definitely use him again.
07/06/2012 Dave is a highly professional craftsman, who recently did some brick replacement and re-pointing at our house. I can't fault the quality of the work, and I was extremely impressed by his knowledgable, efficient and unobtrusive service. I would recommend his services to anyone. As an added bonus, he is a very likeable chap too!
14/10/2011 David did a excellent job at re-pointing the brickwork on our house. He is very professional and trustworthy. I would highly recommend him.
04/07/2011 Just want to reinforce the general tone of all the comments already made. Can't think of a single suggestion for improvement in the service we received for what was quite a substantial repointing and redecoration for the front of the property. Prompt, professional and competitively priced. Recommended without reservation.
20/05/2011 Excellent service, prompt, tidy and very professional. Would recommend to all. Simon and Alison G.
04/05/2011 David gave a prompt and competitive quote for the repointing and brick replacement we needed. He came when he said he would and did a very thorough job - leaving the area clear of dust and rubble. would definitely use him again..
04/03/2011 Dave proved himself to be very capable and built all the walls for my extension. He went out of his way when I suddenly realised I needed an extractor fan in the bathroom and he made a suitable hole for it. He arrived on time and completed the job in a very professional manner. I would not hesitate to recommend him for any brickwork jobs.
28/11/2010 Dave did some repointing for us after being recommended by a neighbour. Dave provided a reasonable quote, was efficient, tidy and did a great job. I would have no hesitation in recommending Dave to others.
02/11/2010 I was going to do some re-pointing myself, then I decided I needed some bricks replacing as well and thought this might be a step too far for me, so I decided to get some quotes for an expert to do the work instead. Phoned DG Brickwork and Dave came round the next morning to give a quote. The quote was very resonable, and he was able to come back the week after to do the job. It was probably the smoothist process of booking a tradesman I've ever had. The new bricks and re-pointing are excellent, thank you.
04/06/2010 David re-pointed the rear of our house and the chimney. He was fast, clean and competitively priced. I would recommend.
01/03/2010 David re-pointed the rear of our house efficiently and to a high standard, plus offered helpful advice and suggestions for other work. He did an excellent job and I wouldn't hesitate to recommend him.
01/02/2010 Dave did some re-pointing work for us at the front and rear of our property to a high standard and was competitively priced. We were keen to ensure the new blended with the rest of the house and Dave did an excellent job in matching the colour exactly. No hesitation in recommending him.
27/08/2009 I needed a fractured window arch repaired and some pointing done. I wanted it done with materials that would match the age of the house. David provided a prompt quote, photo examples of work he had done in the area and completed the job ahead of schedule. He did the job with minimal disruption or mess and works to a very high standard. Highly recommended.
25/06/2009 David was excellent in every respect.He repointed the rear of my house and replaced 50 spalled bricks with matching reclaimed yellow stocks.The quote was competitive and he completed the work ahead of schedule with a first class finish.He is a very tidy worker.No hesitation in recommending him.
11/06/2009 I was so pleased by the service David provided. The work was done to a high standard, quickly and at a incredibly reasonable price. There was hardly any disruption and everything was cleaned up afterwards. I wouldn't hesitate to recommend him. Excellent.
07/02/2009 David built us a fantastic london stock patio a couple of years ago. He was really helpful when it came to interpreting our design. He was great to have around and very trustworthy. It was so nice to have a craftsman who obviously took pride in his work.
I am planning to ask him to do more work for us this year.
DG Brickwork did a great job, rebuilding a front wall, rendering and repointing brickwork. David is very professional, honest,and reliable and I would not hestiate to recommend him.
30/01/2009 David was reliable and really nice to have around and did a wonderful job of both pointing my back wall and building my front wall. I would highly recommend him.
26/01/2009 DG Brickwork did a great job of repointing the side of my Victorian terraced house and I am happy to recommend them unreservedly.
24/01/2009 I am happy to recommend DG Brickwork following a great job on the rear wall of our edwardian terrace house. David's quote was very competitive and, after a few bad experiences with other trades people, it was a refreshing change to have someone professional, punctual and tidy who took pride in their work. A geat job.
22/01/2009 I own an 18th C house in Chiswick with walls of the same age surrounding the garden. One wall was in very bad condition and David Grazier of D.G.Brickworks did an absolutely superb job of renovating it. It was completed in a way better that I ever thought possible. The work is very sympathetic in respect to the type and colour of the mortar used and the way it has blended into the original brickwork. David was very reliable and I would not hesitate in recommending him to anybody.
22/01/2009 We live in a 1900s terraced property with a side passage. Since being turned into two flats, the property had been subject to numerous renovations moving exterior doors and windows as well as an old brickbuilt outhouse, and overall the side passage had some terrible brickwork including blown bricks, mismatched brickwork and poor pointing. DG Brickwork quoted for some remedial repairs to the brickwork and repointing. His quote was clear and good value compared to other companies. DG Brickwork turned up promptly, always left the site clear and tidy each day, worked solidly and reliably and finished a day earlier than anticipated. We were delighted with the end result. The side passage and arch over the window now look so much better, and structurally its now 100% solid good quality brickwork. Clearly, David is a craftsman who takes pride in his work and does an excellent job for a reasonable price, on time and to budget. Highly recommended for peace of mind.
20/01/2009 We are a firm of managing agents (Castlebar Management Ltd) managing blocks of flats in the west London area. We have used DG Brickwork (David Grazier) many times over the years. The work is always first class, the service punctual and the prices reasonable. We would commend him to you.
18/01/2009 I was impressed. Very professional service; completed on time and budget. Punctual and courteous. The estimate was comparable to other firms but we went forward with Dave as he was recommended by a friend and I would in turn recommend him myself. Made quite a big job simple and straightforward.
16/01/2009 We have used David on two occassions, to repoint the front of the house and to repair damaged brick work on the side of the house. On both occassions he did an excellent job. David is reliable, professional and easy to work with. We would not hesitate in recommending him.
15/01/2009 We had two garden walls built, retaining walls and the garden paved with brick in a herringbone pattern. DG Brickwork gave a detailed written quote, setting out every cost and the materials required, together with a firm start time. DG Brickwork began the work on the agreed date, were very extremely punctual, polite and kept any dirt and disruption to a minimum, tidying up the site at the end of every day. DG Brickwork were also knowledgeable and able to offer advice when required. The work was completed on time, on budget and to a very high standard. As a result we also engaged DG Brickworks to build a wall at the front of the house and pave the area. Again, the work was completed on time, on budget and to a very high standard. I would have no hesitation in recommending them.


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What to watch out for in the run home to the AFL trade deadline
By Daniel Cherny
October 10, 2021 — 4.21pm
A trade period that loomed as relatively uninspiring yielded a reasonable flurry of activity last week. We now turn into the home stretch, with three days remaining for players to secure moves to new clubs.
So, which are the biggest balls still in air?
The Crows' first offer for Jordan Dawson was rejected by the Swans. Credit:Getty Images
Dawson's Creep
Sydney were very unhappy when emerging wingman Jordan Dawson requested a trade - firstly to South Australia and then, specifically, to Adelaide - and their approach in dealing with the Crows has reflected that. Put simply, there has been a gulf between what the Swans suggest Dawson is worth, and what Adelaide have tabled as a fair price. Sydney rejected a proposal which would have handed them pick 17, and have since come back to the Crows with offers of their own - at least one of which involves Adelaide's pick No.4 - which the Crows don't feel are reasonable.
This looms as a classic blinking contest, and the Swans are more than toying with the idea of letting Dawson go for nothing and try his luck in the pre-season draft if Adelaide don't come to the party. Sydney are of the view that there has essentially been a blurring of lines between free agency and merely falling out-of-contract. And they are taking a stand on it.
Young talent time
There had been murmurings since the middle of the year about the future of Rory Lobb, while rival clubs had also been aware for a while that Bobby Hill might also have itchy feet. Those two names lurked a touch below the surface until the back half of last week, when both requested trades; Lobb from Fremantle back to his former club Greater Western Sydney, and Hill from the Giants to Essendon.
Big man Lobb still has two years to run on his contract with the Dockers, while Hill remains tied to GWS for another season. Rarely flush with salary cap space, could off-loading Hill help the Giants land Lobb? And could a draft selection GWS gain from the Dons be passed to Freo? The key figure here is Colin Young, the WA-based player agent whose company manages both players and who rival clubs suggest has been driving the moves.
Ruckin' roulette
It wouldn't be trade period without the annual shuffling of ruck stocks around the competition. Like goalkeepers and wicketkeepers, the ruck is a specialised position, meaning clubs need to have a couple in reserve at any given time but won't field more than one or two in the same 22. That makes for a very fluid marketplace, and this year is no exception.
Callum Coleman-Jones has already moved to North Melbourne, bumping Tristan Xerri down the pecking order at Arden Street. Xerri looks likely to join St Kilda. Jonathon Ceglar finds himself in no-man's land at Hawthorn and is in the sights of Geelong, who will only let Darcy Fort move to the Brisbane Lions if they can land a replacement like Ceglar.
Peter Ladhams is arguably the most promising of the bunch and, unable to make the No.1 ruck spot his own at Port Adelaide, he is in the sights of Sydney. Hawthorn are interested in Max Lynch, which could save Mason Cox at Collingwood. Levi Casboult is more of a forward/ruck but shapes as an option for Gold Coast. West Coast are also on the lookout after missing out on Jordon Sweet. Then there is Lobb. The upshot is: except plenty of ruckmen to move between now and Wednesday night.
Hawker hall
Having already lost Tim O'Brien as a free agent to the Western Bulldogs, and with Ceglar potentially bound for Geelong, Hawthorn are open to off-loading stars Jaeger O'Meara, Tom Mitchell, Chad Wingard or Jack Gunston for the right price if it helps significantly bolster their draft hand, with the Hawks keen to expedite their rebuild under new coach Sam Mitchell.
Chad Wingard tackled by Jason Johannisen. Credit:AFL Photos
But with cap space tight across most of the league, there are few clear suitors for any of the quartet. Helping Hawthorn's cause is that they do have plenty of room in their own cap and could potentially contribute to these players' salaries should any move to a new club. But the key thing for the Hawks will be getting early picks. All four are contracted, so the status quo is that they will be at Waverley Park next season. But it is clearly a case of watch this space.
The Lipinski file
Without the cap space or draft capital to land a big fish, Collingwood have picked off a couple of fringe players at premiership contenders to bolster their rebuilding list. The Magpies were active early in trade period, acquiring Nathan Kreuger cheaply from Geelong. Talks around their other target - Patrick Lipinski from the Dogs - have been a bit slower. The Pies have the upper hand here, given they have pick No.2 in the pre-season draft and the midfielder is out of contract. But despite some lingering resentment from the Adam Treloar saga, there is an expectation a deal will be done in good-faith for a third or fourth round pick, perhaps with some peripheral swapping and sliding.
Clark attack
Geelong still have the whip-hand in dealings with Fremantle over a potential trade for Cats speedster Jordan Clark, who wants to return to Western Australia and become a Docker. Clark is contracted for another year, so the default is that he stays. The Dockers rejected a request for pick No.8 for Clark, while the Cats asked for more than pick 27. Fremantle would prefer to keep their first three picks but, having traded in several selections in deals last week, the Dockers are prepared to offload pick 22 as part of a deal for Clark, which appears likely to materialise by the deadline.
AFL trades 2021: Stay across the moves, news and what it all means as our Real Footy newsletter goes daily for trade period. Sign up to get it here.
Daniel Cherny is an Age sports reporter, mainly covering AFL and cricket. In 2019 he won the Clinton Grybas Rising Star award at the Australian Football Media Association awards.Connect via Twitter, Facebook or email.


text:
More Reader Feedback on Climate Change: Earth Headed for a Mini Ice Age
July 19, 2015 / hardythomast
WE CONTINUE TO RECEIVE READER FEED BACK ON CLIMATE CHANGE.
One reader referred us to an July 11, 2015 in The Telegraph article by Dan Hyde writing entitled the "Earth heading for 'mini ice age" within 15 years and that scientists say the "River Thames could freeze over in the 2030's when the Northern Hemisphere faces bitterly cold winters." (The Telegraph is a publication in the United Kingdom.)
Ice as a Blanket (Pierre/flickr)
According to Mr. Hyde: "Solar researchers at the University of Northumbria have created a new model of the sun's activity which they claim produces "unprecedentedly accurate predictions".
They said fluid movements within the sun, which are thought to create 11-year cycles in the weather, will converge in such a way that temperatures will fall dramatically in the 2030s.
Solar activity will fall by 60 per cent as two waves of fluid "effectively cancel each other out", according to Prof Valentina Zharkova."
Professor Zharkova, in her presentation at the National Astronomy Meeting in Llandudno said: The result would be similar to freezing conditions of the late 17th century."
The effect will be that in the cycle between 2030 and 2049 "the two waves exactly mirror each other – peaking at the same time but in opposite hemispheres of the sun."
"We predict that this will lead to the properties of a 'Maunder minimum." Maunder minimum, indicating low sunspot activity, was the name given to the period between 1645 and 1715, when Europe and North America experienced very cold winters.)
Additionally she said:
• "Climate change could undermine the last 50 years of health advances"
• "Loaves of bread 'smaller in future' due to climate change"
• "Polar bears 'have started eating dolphins due to climate change"
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/11733369/Earth-heading-for-mini-ice-age-within-15-years.html
In a July 13, 2015 in http://www.IFLSCIENCE.com, Caroline Reid explains the Maunder minimum:
"The Maunder minimum was a 70-year period between 1645 and 1715. The Sun produced barely any sunspots and the Earth experienced a mini ice age. Parts of northern Europe and the United States experienced uncharacteristically cold winters. The river Thames, flowing through London, even froze over for seven weeks and was passable by foot. The surface was so stable that residents could even hold 'frost fairs' on the ice.
Sunspots are relatively 'cool' regions on the Sun that appear darker when photographed. They are cooler than the rest of the Sun, but they are still around 4500 K (4200ºC, 7600ºF). They are caused by a concentration of intense, magnetic field from the Sun. This inhibits and redirects the flow of hot matter to that region and makes it darker – what we call a sunspot.
Sunspots last between 1 to 100 days, during which they rotate around the Sun, following the flow of solar fluid. Sunspots go through cycles of intensity and sparsity based on the motion of the fluid cycles. There are two main waves that are slightly offset over time, producing periods of maximum and minimum solar activity."
THEN ALMOST CONCURRENTLY THIS READER'S REFERED TO A JULY 16, 2015 ARTICLE IN the guardian BY DANA NUCCITELLI ENTITLED "Back from the dead."
"Recently there's been a flood of media stories claiming that the sun may be headed towards a quiet phase (a possibility), which could send the Earth into a "deep freeze" (a virtual impossibility). These stories appear to have originated in the biased conservative media (like the Daily Mail and Telegraph) and seeped into other media outlets (like CNN). Some media outlets, like the Washington Post, did a good job researching the story and discovering its flaws before publishing.
The stories stemmed from a presentation at the Royal Astronomical Society's National Astronomy Meeting in Wales by mathematician Valentina Zharkova. Her research (not yet published) suggests the sun could be headed for a quiet phase like the one that coincided with a period known as the "Little Ice Age," but doesn't say anything about how this solar minimum would impact the Earth's climate.
Some of the fault for raising this zombie myth from the dead lies with the Royal Astronomical Society's press release, which mentioned the previous mini ice age without making it clear that it was solar activity but not the Earth's climate that was the subject of the study. Some of the fault lies with Zharkova, who made comments 'skeptical' of human-caused global warming that were not supported by her research.
And much of the fault lies with media oulets like the Daily Mail and Telegraph, which ran rather sensationalist stories about an impending mini ice age apparently without consulting a single climate scientist. It's not a coincidence that the media outlets that didn't contact climate scientists spread this myth, while the media outlets that did contact climate scientists debunked it."
THEN THIS EMAIL:
"Welcome to the world of controversy."
ONE OTHER READER OFFERED THESE COMMENTS:
"Generally, greenhouse gases are not bad:
-the most abundant (number one) greenhouse gas is: H2O (water vapor) – greater than 90%; CO2 levels vary between 3% and 5%
-all animals exhale CO2; should we kill all the spotted owls, baby seals, polar bears and other endangered species because they exhale carbon dioxide ?
-plants and animals have a symbiotic relationship with each other – neither can survive without the other
-plants produce oxygen for animals to breathe
-animals produce carbon dioxide for the plants to absorb/carry out photosynthesis and produce oxygen for the animals to breathe
-crop production is best when the carbon dioxide levels are highest; some farmers purchase land closest to coproducing electrical plants because of the increased carbon dioxide production from them resulting in higher crop yields (before the EPA enforced regulations to cut back on the emissions/shut them down)."
The reader continued: "I believe everything that I have stated can be verified through Wikipedia and other Internet sources, but you will have to do digging. It is only because I am positive that the amount of water vapor has not decreased by 90% since my ecology final in college was based on greenhouse gases, that I was able to assimilate the above bullet points. All of this BS is to promote higher taxes (redistribution of wealth). In the Bible this is referred to as the New World order. Agenda 21 is the plan for the 21st century agreed to by Bill Clinton in 1992 at the Earth Summit and agreed to by every president since then; the United Nations refers to it as one world government."
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You've come to this article to learn more about how you can use Patreon to crowdfund. Why? Well, you may have started your WordPress blog as a hobby. Or perhaps you've invested a lot of time into creating valuable content to earn some passive income and seen no real payoff? This can be especially frustrating if you have a decent following, but traditional revenue streams aren't even bringing in enough to cover your hosting fees.
In this scenario, you may want to learn more about crowdfunding. This is an extremely popular method of raising money that improves on the old-school concept of a 'tip jar.' Patreon in particular is becoming an increasingly common way for creators to earn revenue on a consistent basis. In a nutshell, it enables your followers to contribute to your site's costs and generate regular income for your content.
Throughout this post, we'll introduce you to Patreon and explore its benefits further. Then we'll show you how to integrate it with your WordPress site, so you can crowdfund your content. Let's dive in!
Simply put, Patreon is a member-based platform that enables you to get paid directly by your audience. Through this site, you generate revenue from the content that you are already creating. Fans, or 'patrons', commit to paying an amount they choose, which is usually due each month or every time you post new content. When you use Patreon to crowdfund they take a small fee, and you get the rest of the money.
Patreon gives subscribers a way to join your community and pay you for making the things they enjoy, without the need for a middleman. Since they choose the amount and frequency of payment, they never have to worry about unplanned charges. More importantly, Patreon helps you build a patron and artist relationship with your audience.
You get a predictable income. Since you can clearly see how much each subscriber pays and at what frequency (such as per post or on a monthly basis), you know how much money to expect.
You can still use other income sources. If you are using affiliate links, Google AdSense, or any other type of revenue generation, you can continue to benefit from them without affecting your Patreon account.
You retain ownership of your content. Everything you create is still yours, with Patreon claiming no rights to ownership.
You don't have to manage payments or support. All of the details of processing payments and providing support for the Patreon platform are handled for you.
Before you get started, it's important to note that using Patreon to crowdfund works best when you already have a following on your blog or website. Your patrons will usually become aware of this option through your site and social media presence, and will choose to support you because they already enjoy your content. This means you should take the time to build your audience before you invite them to become patrons.
Another thing to keep in mind is that Patreon charges a finance fee, based on a percentage of your patron's contributions. The rates are transparent, but are subject to change, which can impact your patrons and your earnings down the road.
Dyson Logos earns approximately $213 per post with its creations.
While you don't need thousands of regular site visitors to be successful on Patreon, you should have a following of some kind before you get started. Increasing your site traffic through SEO, actively engaging with followers on social media, and providing high-quality content are all ways to generate a solid following. Then, you can set up your account on Patreon!
If you are already a member of Patreon, you just need to log in to your account, navigate to your Settings menu, and select Become a Creator. If you are completely new to the site, on the other hand, you can simply click the Start My Page button on the home page. From there, you can sign up with your Facebook account or using your email.
Your social media accounts, along with a profile and cover photo.
An idea for how you want your payment schedule to be set up.
An audience-generating pitch (you may also want to consider creating an intro video).
Plans for how to reward your patrons for their support (extra or early content, 'making-of' videos or posts, a special forum or newsletter, etc).
Being prepared with these details will make the page creation process much easier. Of course, you can always edit all of this information later on.
Once you have a page ready, you can launch it whenever you'd like. This is where things get interesting. First, however, it's important to do some groundwork and promote your Patreon Page on your WordPress site and social media platforms. Otherwise, no one will ever know about this opportunity.
Plan a lead-up to your launch, by discussing your Patreon membership and outlining your goals to your audience.
Take advantage of your pre-launch tools, and make sure to preview your page.
Once your pre-launch promotion is out of the way, go ahead and make your Patreon page live. Just remember that you'll want to continue promoting it, on your site and anywhere else your audience hangs out.
Now that you've launched your page on Patreon to crowdfund, you will want to keep the momentum going on your site. One of the best ways to do this is to use a plugin that connects your site directly to your Patreon account. To do this, we recommend Patreon Button, Widgets, and Plugin.
Add Call to Action (CTA) buttons directly to your WordPress site.
Include widgets that connect your pages and posts directly to your Patreon account.
What's more, if you upgrade to the pro version, you can even include Patron Only content directly on your WordPress site. This lets you link to your special Patreon content, while encouraging fans to support you.
Chances are, you put a great deal of effort into building content for your followers. While you may do it for the love of creating, it's also smart to ensure financial support by using Patreon to crowdfund so you can keep the production of high-quality content going. Enabling your followers to become 'patrons' who provide consistent revenue is an ideal way to do this.
In this post, we've discussed the benefits of using Patreon to crowdfund your WordPress content. We also explained how to get started, and how to integrate Patreon with your existing site. But maybe we missed something. Do you have any questions about using Patreon to crowdfund your content? Let's discuss them in the comments section below!
Thanks for writing about my plugin! Great and easy to use guide.
I also wanted to note that now with the official free Patreon WordPress plugin and premium Patron Plugin Pro, there is tighter integration in between WordPress and Patreon. Elegant themes have a review/guide about it. Patreon Button, Widgets & Plugin is included in Patron Pro package too.
As a disclaimer – I developed Patron Plugin Pro too, and I also work with Patreon on developing Patreon WordPress – the official plugin.
Also we have the official Patreon forum for WordPress support – just drop by if you have any issues!


Blighty's Bistro featured an array of tasty, seasonal dishes to tempt serious gourmands and comfort foodies alike. Come in and sample their fresh seafood, updated classics like filet mignon and rack of lamb, and the popular box of delectable desserts.
Let Blighty's Bistro bring comfort with a beautiful backdrop and all the amenities of a home. Their 13-table room oozes a relaxed candlelit warmth that works for any occasion.
Blighty, commonly used as a term of endearment by the expatriate British community or those on holiday referring to home.
Bistro or bistrot is, in its original Parisian incarnation, a small restaurant, serving moderately priced meals in a modest setting. Bistros are defined mostly by the foods they serve.


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Church of the Assumption: What happens now?
Jared Brey
Colliers 'informally marketed' Church of the Assumption for $2.1 million
The years-long fight to preserve the Church of the Assumption, a historic building once owned by the Archdiocese of Philadelphia at 12th and Spring Garden streets in Philadelphia, has come to an odd impasse.
Last fall, the Court of Common Pleas upheld the Historical Commission's finding that reusing the property posed a hardship, which was the basis for Siloam getting a permit to demolish the building. But earlier this month, the Commonwealth Court vacated the Common Pleas decision.
The Historical Commission's hardship finding had previously been overturned by the Board of L&I Review, and during the interim between the Board's decision and a Common Pleas court ruling, the building had been sold from Siloam, a nonprofit group that provides services to people with HIV and AIDS, to Chinatown developer John Wei.
Attorneys for Callowhill Neighborhood Association, which has led the preservation charge, asked the Common Pleas judge, Idee Fox, to rule that Siloam's appeal of the BLIR decision was moot, since the group no longer owned the property. Judge Fox declined to rule that way, and instead overturned the Board's decision and upheld the Historical Commission's.
The Commonwealth Court ruled that the case was moot after all, and directed Judge Fox to dismiss Siloam's appeal.
Still, the decision leaves very few hints of what's next for the historic building, and the current owner, John Wei, isn't offering any hints of his own.
Wei pulled a permit to demolish the building this time last year, but the Board of L&I Review issued a stay of demolition pending the Commonwealth Court appeal. Reached for comment on Monday, Wei said he still doesn't know what he plans to do with the property, and declined to answer any further questions.
The city could appeal the Commonwealth decision, though Andrew Ross, the city solicitor who has been representing the Historical Commission, says that's not likely.
"[The Historical Commission] made a decision, and obviously they believe it was the right decision," Ross said. "At this point we're in more of a secondary position, because we really haven't heard from the current owner in quite a while."
Ross said it's not likely that anything will happen until Wei makes another move.
What about the stay of demolition ordered by the Board of L&I Review?
Ross said that technically the Board had issued that stay pending the Commonwealth Court review, so it could be lifted now that the decision has come down, or it could be reinforced since the court overturned the Common Pleas decision. He doesn't know what the Board will do, and that it's probably beside the point anyway.
"Until the owner attempts to do anything, it won't really matter at the Board or at the Court, because nothing will go forward …" Ross said.
Ross said that the city is likely to take one step in the near term: reassessing the safety of the property. He said that L&I will "reestablish the current condition of the building," which was previously deemed unsafe.
"We don't expect it to have improved," he added.
Another question remains open. Does the hardship ruling apply to the property in perpetuity, or does it disappear when the building is sold? The Historical Commission maintains that the finding stays with the property, but no court has ruled on that question yet.
Commonwealth Court rules Assumption case moot, orders Common Pleas to dismiss Siloam appeal
Commonwealth Court to rule on Church of the Assumption
Preservation updates: 40th & Pine house, Church of the Assumption moving through courts
About Jared Brey
@jaredbrey jbrey@planphilly.com


Spacious 3 bedrooms in Pacific plaza towers .Floor area is 303 sqm. Walking distance to the offices in Fort Bonifacio and 10 minutes going Burgos Circle. Complete amenities like swimming pool, gym, jacuzzi, childrens playground and function room .


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October 15, 2017 Mark Leave a comment
Pop artist born Ella Marija Lani Yelich-O'Connor in 1996 in Auckland New Zealand.
She chose the stage name Lorde when she was 16, because she was fascinated with royals and aristocracy, and she wanted a name that was strong and had a grandeur to it. She added the 'e' on the end to make it appear more feminine.
In 2009, she and a friend competed as a duo in a school talent show, and won. Later that year, they were invited to a radio broadcast where they performed songs by Pixie Lott (a popular artist in the UK) and Kings of Leon. They also had a recording of a cover of a song by Duffy, which was sent to a record company executive. Lorde was signed to a development contract based on her demo work – she was barely 13 years old.
In 2011, her record company hired a vocal coach, and she started writing songs. She started reading fiction to improve her writing skills, and by November that year, she had her first public performance of songs written by her. The record company paired her with producer Joel Little, and in late 2011 they recorded 5 songs for an EP called The Love Club EP.
Lorde self released the EP on her SoundCloud account for free in November 2012. After 60,000 downloads, her record company decided it was time to release it commercially, in March 2013. Lorde was now 16 years old.
One of the songs on the EP was Royals. The song became a huge hit – it reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and stayed their for 9 weeks. Eventually, the song had over 7 million downloads, and it won 2 Grammy awards, including Song of the Year. Pretty good for someone who could barely get a driver's license!
Her debut studio album was released in September 2013 – Pure Heroine. The album included the song Royals, along with 9 other songs written by Lorde and Little. The single Team peaked at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, selling over 4 million downloads, and the album has sold over 3 million copies in the U.S.
In 2014, Lorde released Yellow Flicker Beat as the first single from the soundtrack to the film The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1, and she contributed vocals to several other songs on the soundtrack.
Her second album, Melodrama, was released in June 2017. It has been acclaimed by critics as one of the best albums of 2017. The first single from the album, Green Light, reached #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
It's early, but Lorde shows huge potential in becoming a major music success story. We'll have to keep an eye on her. Here's the song that put this teenager on the map – Royals.
Posted in: 2010s Filed under: alternative, Electronic, indie, Lorde, Pop
← John Mellencamp
Cheap Trick →


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Posts tagged 'honour'
Play and honour
Yesterday, the most honourable of my footballing team-mates asked, rhetorically, why people got so worked up by the Chinese, Korean and Indonesian Olympic badminton players' recent 'cheating'. These players, if you've been living on the Moon for a few days, all contrived to lose a game in order to get a better draw in the next round. To my footballing team-mate, what the badminton players did was just a way of gaining a sporting advantage; there is, he said, no rule against what they did.
As we were talking, that part of my brain that stores all the weird and wonderful information I often don't mentally tag with references, kicked in; except this time, I had mentally tagged my previous reading – Johan Huizinga wrote about cheating:
The player who trespasses against the rules or ignores them is a 'spoil-sport'. The spoil-sport is not the same as the false player, the cheat [who] pretends to be playing the game and, on the face of it, still acknowledges the magic circle [of the play's rules].
Johan Huizinga (1950), Homo Ludens (Beacon Press reprint)
In other words, Huizinga is saying that the spoil-sport tends to be treated with disdain; the false player, or cheat, is tolerated more because they only bend the rules. I'm going to let the word 'cheat' go in this writing here because Huizinga's definition has more of a playful, positive spin than our current society's model of 'the cheat as a negative'. Instead, I'm going to use 'spoiler' and 'rule-bender'.
So, were the badminton players spoilers or rule-benders? The interpretations are two sides of the same coin. To the players, they were rule-benders (let's ignore the fact for the moment that, apparently, there's no actual rule that says they shouldn't play badminton in the way that they did). The players were bending the unwritten, or unsaid, rules of the game, i.e. you play to win, try your best. To the spectators, however, the players were spoilers. The spectators inside the arena had entered into a social transaction with the athletes: in this case they'd paid money to watch them, in the expectation that the athletes would try their best in return.
Perhaps my footballing team-mate, who hadn't paid money in that social transaction and had been spectating from home, didn't therefore feel the need to be 'paid back' in return. He was then free to have sporting empathy for athletes who were merely bending the rules. For him, nothing had been spoiled.
Now, what about children's play? There are social transactions in place here too: the unwritten, or unsaid, 'rules' – the agreements that just get acknowledged, that seem to be inherently known, without needing to be outlined to one another at the start of, or during, the play. However, as soon as any unwritten rule of play is bent so far as to be seen as broken, then things change.
When the child-law of 'finders keepers' kicks in, for example (e.g. when a ball that Johnny drops gets taken away by Jimmy), Johnny sees Jimmy as a spoiler because Johnny's making use of the child-law of 'I got it first'. Jimmy's invoking the child-law of 'finders keepers', so he's just bending the rules a little bit by finding and – not just keeping but – running away with the ball as well. The spoiler and the rule-bender are two sides of the same coin in play.
I realise that this line of reasoning could be why I won't say to any child: play fair. 'Play fair' means me coming down on the side of one child or the other. 'Play fair' means: (a) I'm drawing the line of what the unwritten/unsaid rules should be, making them into 'said rules'; (b) I am, in effect, saying who shall be seen as 'spoiler'; (c) I'm carelessly brushing at the intricate web of child-law, it having been diligently constructed over years and generations.
So, we come now to honour. What is this? You can't make someone honour someone else, or be honourable. These are not written or said rules that you can impose on someone else. Honour is something that comes from within. The act of honour is something we choose to do because this honourable person is who we choose to be. My internal referencing system kicks in again at this point:
Last year, at the International Play Association conference in Cardiff, I listened to a presentation by Marc Bekoff, a leading American animal behaviourist. He was talking about morality in the animal kingdom and said that there are four basic 'rules of animal play': be honest; admit when you're wrong; ask first; follow the rules. So, animal honour.
Being animal play rules, these are, of course, unwritten/unsaid rules. Animals play, and when any playing animal goes too far (is seen to be a spoiler) they tend to get thrown out of the group. This, says Bekoff, can have dire consequences because animals not in groups have a higher mortality rate. Animals, therefore, have an ulterior motive for honouring the four unwritten/unsaid rules of their play.
Children don't like being left out either. There may not be the same consequences that animals face when children are thrown out of the group by other children, but maybe the same evolutionary mechanisms are still in place, hiding under the surface. That is, deep down, children may well have a feeling that being on your own is not a good place to be.
When the basic unwritten/unsaid rules of play are seen to be bent too far, or spoiled, it is a dishonourable act. Dishonour is treated with contempt.
Yesterday, as the spontaneity of a play session evolved into a full-blown affair of merging two gardens, creating a colourful sensory wind-blown fabric-strewn den-world, as neighbour-children came over to play, I found myself unintentionally acting dishonourably not once, but three times.
'Gol,' said Gack, standing at the wooden table, unable to reach the centre of it. 'Helicopter' (which was the toy he couldn't reach). Of course, he wanted me to help him. I walked up, as if I was going to help, looked and said: 'Oh right, yes', before walking away. Gack shot me daggers. How dishonourable of me.
The eldest of the neighbours had wrapped himself up in the fabric and netting play (actually, and emotionally, I suspect). There was some rough and tumble. His shoe ended up on top of the parachute den, somehow, and he couldn't reach it. He was not happy. I had not honoured the social play transaction.
Gack brought a chocolate biscuit to me and asked me to help him unwrap it. I was still caught up in the play. I unwrapped it and said thank you to him and pretended to start eating it. Gack was not happy at my action.
These might seem small things, but in three small instances I became a spoiler. I was fortunate to recover my worthiness of being honoured (perhaps by taking past good conduct into account, Your Honour).
When all is said and done, I can only look after my own actions, work on my own self, choose to be honourable or not, or try to rectify my dishonourable actions; I can't impose on others that they be honourable, 'play fair', not be spoilers. When we impose our own 'rules' and expectations on children at play, we start to shape that intricate web of child-law into something less refined.
No matter how much I may not like the spoiling actions of the Chinese, Korean and Indonesian badminton players, it's their own honour they're affecting. In play, children find their own way too.
I shall be away from the screen for eight days now, to further find my own way. Playwork practice calls . . .


text:
Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein
Naoya Kobayashi, Keiichi Yanase, Takaaki Sato, Satoru Unzai, Michael H. Hecht, Ryoichi Arai
The design of novel proteins that self-assemble into supramolecular complexes is an important step in the development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Recently, we described the three-dimensional structure of WA20, a de novo protein that forms an intermolecularly folded dimeric 4-helix bundle (PDB code 3VJF). To harness the unusual intertwined structure of WA20 for the self-assembly of supramolecular nanostructures, we created a protein nanobuilding block (PN-Block), called WA20-foldon, by fusing the dimeric structure of WA20 to the trimeric foldon domain of fibritin from bacteriophage T4. The WA20-foldon fusion protein was expressed in the soluble fraction in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to form several homooligomeric forms. The stable oligomeric forms were further purified and characterized by a range of biophysical techniques. Size exclusion chromatography, multiangle light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses indicate that the small (S form), middle (M form), and large (L form) forms of the WA20-foldon oligomers exist as hexamer (6-mer), dodecamer (12-mer), and octadecamer (18-mer), respectively. These findings suggest that the oligomers in multiples of 6-mer are stably formed by fusing the interdigitated dimer of WA20 with the trimer of foldon domain. Pair-distance distribution functions obtained from the Fourier inversion of the SAXS data suggest that the S and M forms have barrel- and tetrahedron-like shapes, respectively. These results demonstrate that the de novo WA20-foldon is an effective building block for the creation of self-assembling artificial nanoarchitectures.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b03593
10.1021/jacs.5b03593
Dive into the research topics of 'Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Proteins Engineering & Materials Science 100%
X ray scattering Engineering & Materials Science 85%
Oligomers Engineering & Materials Science 78%
Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Chemical Compounds 53%
Ultracentrifugation Engineering & Materials Science 51%
Size exclusion chromatography Engineering & Materials Science 47%
Kobayashi, N., Yanase, K., Sato, T., Unzai, S., Hecht, M. H., & Arai, R. (2015). Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 137(35), 11285-11293. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b03593
Kobayashi, Naoya ; Yanase, Keiichi ; Sato, Takaaki et al. / Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2015 ; Vol. 137, No. 35. pp. 11285-11293.
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title = "Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein",
abstract = "The design of novel proteins that self-assemble into supramolecular complexes is an important step in the development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Recently, we described the three-dimensional structure of WA20, a de novo protein that forms an intermolecularly folded dimeric 4-helix bundle (PDB code 3VJF). To harness the unusual intertwined structure of WA20 for the self-assembly of supramolecular nanostructures, we created a protein nanobuilding block (PN-Block), called WA20-foldon, by fusing the dimeric structure of WA20 to the trimeric foldon domain of fibritin from bacteriophage T4. The WA20-foldon fusion protein was expressed in the soluble fraction in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to form several homooligomeric forms. The stable oligomeric forms were further purified and characterized by a range of biophysical techniques. Size exclusion chromatography, multiangle light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses indicate that the small (S form), middle (M form), and large (L form) forms of the WA20-foldon oligomers exist as hexamer (6-mer), dodecamer (12-mer), and octadecamer (18-mer), respectively. These findings suggest that the oligomers in multiples of 6-mer are stably formed by fusing the interdigitated dimer of WA20 with the trimer of foldon domain. Pair-distance distribution functions obtained from the Fourier inversion of the SAXS data suggest that the S and M forms have barrel- and tetrahedron-like shapes, respectively. These results demonstrate that the de novo WA20-foldon is an effective building block for the creation of self-assembling artificial nanoarchitectures.",
author = "Naoya Kobayashi and Keiichi Yanase and Takaaki Sato and Satoru Unzai and Hecht, {Michael H.} and Ryoichi Arai",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 American Chemical Society. Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.1021/jacs.5b03593",
journal = "Journal of the American Chemical Society",
Kobayashi, N, Yanase, K, Sato, T, Unzai, S, Hecht, MH & Arai, R 2015, 'Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 137, no. 35, pp. 11285-11293. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b03593
Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein. / Kobayashi, Naoya; Yanase, Keiichi; Sato, Takaaki et al.
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, No. 35, 09.09.2015, p. 11285-11293.
T1 - Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein
AU - Kobayashi, Naoya
AU - Yanase, Keiichi
AU - Sato, Takaaki
AU - Unzai, Satoru
AU - Hecht, Michael H.
AU - Arai, Ryoichi
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2015 American Chemical Society. Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - The design of novel proteins that self-assemble into supramolecular complexes is an important step in the development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Recently, we described the three-dimensional structure of WA20, a de novo protein that forms an intermolecularly folded dimeric 4-helix bundle (PDB code 3VJF). To harness the unusual intertwined structure of WA20 for the self-assembly of supramolecular nanostructures, we created a protein nanobuilding block (PN-Block), called WA20-foldon, by fusing the dimeric structure of WA20 to the trimeric foldon domain of fibritin from bacteriophage T4. The WA20-foldon fusion protein was expressed in the soluble fraction in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to form several homooligomeric forms. The stable oligomeric forms were further purified and characterized by a range of biophysical techniques. Size exclusion chromatography, multiangle light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses indicate that the small (S form), middle (M form), and large (L form) forms of the WA20-foldon oligomers exist as hexamer (6-mer), dodecamer (12-mer), and octadecamer (18-mer), respectively. These findings suggest that the oligomers in multiples of 6-mer are stably formed by fusing the interdigitated dimer of WA20 with the trimer of foldon domain. Pair-distance distribution functions obtained from the Fourier inversion of the SAXS data suggest that the S and M forms have barrel- and tetrahedron-like shapes, respectively. These results demonstrate that the de novo WA20-foldon is an effective building block for the creation of self-assembling artificial nanoarchitectures.
AB - The design of novel proteins that self-assemble into supramolecular complexes is an important step in the development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Recently, we described the three-dimensional structure of WA20, a de novo protein that forms an intermolecularly folded dimeric 4-helix bundle (PDB code 3VJF). To harness the unusual intertwined structure of WA20 for the self-assembly of supramolecular nanostructures, we created a protein nanobuilding block (PN-Block), called WA20-foldon, by fusing the dimeric structure of WA20 to the trimeric foldon domain of fibritin from bacteriophage T4. The WA20-foldon fusion protein was expressed in the soluble fraction in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to form several homooligomeric forms. The stable oligomeric forms were further purified and characterized by a range of biophysical techniques. Size exclusion chromatography, multiangle light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses indicate that the small (S form), middle (M form), and large (L form) forms of the WA20-foldon oligomers exist as hexamer (6-mer), dodecamer (12-mer), and octadecamer (18-mer), respectively. These findings suggest that the oligomers in multiples of 6-mer are stably formed by fusing the interdigitated dimer of WA20 with the trimer of foldon domain. Pair-distance distribution functions obtained from the Fourier inversion of the SAXS data suggest that the S and M forms have barrel- and tetrahedron-like shapes, respectively. These results demonstrate that the de novo WA20-foldon is an effective building block for the creation of self-assembling artificial nanoarchitectures.
U2 - 10.1021/jacs.5b03593
DO - 10.1021/jacs.5b03593
JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Kobayashi N, Yanase K, Sato T, Unzai S, Hecht MH, Arai R. Self-Assembling Nano-Architectures Created from a Protein Nano-Building Block Using an Intermolecularly Folded Dimeric de Novo Protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2015 Sep 9;137(35):11285-11293. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b03593


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Fast food workers in 60 cities around the country have been on strike this past week, demanding $15 an hour (or almost double the minimum wage in some areas) and the right to form unions.
Some commentators have dismissed the strike, saying that fast food jobs were never meant to be real careers, and that minimum wage, food service gigs like these are just a stepping stone to bigger and better things. The problem is that fast food jobs are for-real jobs for many workers. As the infographic below shows, flipping burgers isn't just a way for high school students to make a few extra bucks.
– 67 percent of fast food workers are aged 20 and over.
– The median age is over 28.
– One in four adult fast food workers has a child or children.
– The majority make around $13,000 – 14,000 a year — just over poverty level for a single person, and below it for a family of two.
Do you think fast food workers should make $15 an hour? We want to hear from you! Leave a comment or join the discussion on Twitter.