text:
// Copyright 2014 The Gogs Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package db

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"image"
	_ "image/jpeg"
	"image/png"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/nfnt/resize"
	"github.com/unknwon/cae/zip"
	"github.com/unknwon/com"
	"gopkg.in/ini.v1"
	log "unknwon.dev/clog/v2"
	"xorm.io/xorm"

	"github.com/gogs/git-module"
	api "github.com/gogs/go-gogs-client"

	embedConf "gogs.io/gogs/conf"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/avatar"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/conf"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/db/errors"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/errutil"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/markup"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/osutil"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/process"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/semverutil"
	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/sync"
)

// REPO_AVATAR_URL_PREFIX is used to identify a URL is to access repository avatar.
const REPO_AVATAR_URL_PREFIX = "repo-avatars"

var repoWorkingPool = sync.NewExclusivePool()

var (
	Gitignores, Licenses, Readmes, LabelTemplates []string

	// Maximum items per page in forks, watchers and stars of a repo
	ItemsPerPage = 40
)

func LoadRepoConfig() {
	// Load .gitignore and license files and readme templates.
	types := []string{"gitignore", "license", "readme", "label"}
	typeFiles := make([][]string, 4)
	for i, t := range types {
		files, err := embedConf.FileNames(t)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal("Failed to get %q files: %v", t, err)
		}

		customPath := filepath.Join(conf.CustomDir(), "conf", t)
		if com.IsDir(customPath) {
			customFiles, err := com.StatDir(customPath)
			if err != nil {
				log.Fatal("Failed to get custom %s files: %v", t, err)
			}

			for _, f := range customFiles {
				if !com.IsSliceContainsStr(files, f) {
					files = append(files, f)
				}
			}
		}
		typeFiles[i] = files
	}

	Gitignores = typeFiles[0]
	Licenses = typeFiles[1]
	Readmes = typeFiles[2]
	LabelTemplates = typeFiles[3]
	sort.Strings(Gitignores)
	sort.Strings(Licenses)
	sort.Strings(Readmes)
	sort.Strings(LabelTemplates)

	// Filter out invalid names and promote preferred licenses.
	sortedLicenses := make([]string, 0, len(Licenses))
	for _, name := range conf.Repository.PreferredLicenses {
		if com.IsSliceContainsStr(Licenses, name) {
			sortedLicenses = append(sortedLicenses, name)
		}
	}
	for _, name := range Licenses {
		if !com.IsSliceContainsStr(conf.Repository.PreferredLicenses, name) {
			sortedLicenses = append(sortedLicenses, name)
		}
	}
	Licenses = sortedLicenses
}

func NewRepoContext() {
	zip.Verbose = false

	// Check Git installation.
	if _, err := exec.LookPath("git"); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to test 'git' command: %v (forgotten install?)", err)
	}

	// Check Git version.
	var err error
	conf.Git.Version, err = git.BinVersion()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to get Git version: %v", err)
	}

	log.Trace("Git version: %s", conf.Git.Version)
	if semverutil.Compare(conf.Git.Version, "<", "1.8.3") {
		log.Fatal("Gogs requires Git version greater or equal to 1.8.3")
	}

	// Git requires setting user.name and user.email in order to commit changes.
	for configKey, defaultValue := range map[string]string{"user.name": "Gogs", "user.email": "gogs@fake.local"} {
		if stdout, stderr, err := process.Exec("NewRepoContext(get setting)", "git", "config", "--get", configKey); err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(stdout) == "" {
			// ExitError indicates this config is not set
			if _, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok || strings.TrimSpace(stdout) == "" {
				if _, stderr, gerr := process.Exec("NewRepoContext(set "+configKey+")", "git", "config", "--global", configKey, defaultValue); gerr != nil {
					log.Fatal("Failed to set git %s(%s): %s", configKey, gerr, stderr)
				}
				log.Info("Git config %s set to %s", configKey, defaultValue)
			} else {
				log.Fatal("Failed to get git %s(%s): %s", configKey, err, stderr)
			}
		}
	}

	// Set git some configurations.
	if _, stderr, err := process.Exec("NewRepoContext(git config --global core.quotepath false)",
		"git", "config", "--global", "core.quotepath", "false"); err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Failed to execute 'git config --global core.quotepath false': %v - %s", err, stderr)
	}

	RemoveAllWithNotice("Clean up repository temporary data", filepath.Join(conf.Server.AppDataPath, "tmp"))
}

// Repository contains information of a repository.
type Repository struct {
	ID              int64
	OwnerID         int64  `xorm:"UNIQUE(s)" gorm:"UNIQUE_INDEX:s"`
	Owner           *User  `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`
	LowerName       string `xorm:"UNIQUE(s) INDEX NOT NULL" gorm:"UNIQUE_INDEX:s"`
	Name            string `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL" gorm:"NOT NULL"`
	Description     string `xorm:"VARCHAR(512)" gorm:"TYPE:VARCHAR(512)"`
	Website         string
	DefaultBranch   string
	Size            int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:0"`
	UseCustomAvatar bool

	// Counters
	NumWatches          int
	NumStars            int
	NumForks            int
	NumIssues           int
	NumClosedIssues     int
	NumOpenIssues       int `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`
	NumPulls            int
	NumClosedPulls      int
	NumOpenPulls        int `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`
	NumMilestones       int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:0"`
	NumClosedMilestones int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:0"`
	NumOpenMilestones   int `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`
	NumTags             int `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`

	IsPrivate bool
	// TODO: When migrate to GORM, make sure to do a loose migration with `HasColumn` and `AddColumn`,
	// see docs in https://gorm.io/docs/migration.html.
	IsUnlisted bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
	IsBare     bool

	IsMirror bool
	*Mirror  `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`

	// Advanced settings
	EnableWiki            bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT true" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:TRUE"`
	AllowPublicWiki       bool
	EnableExternalWiki    bool
	ExternalWikiURL       string
	EnableIssues          bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT true" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:TRUE"`
	AllowPublicIssues     bool
	EnableExternalTracker bool
	ExternalTrackerURL    string
	ExternalTrackerFormat string
	ExternalTrackerStyle  string
	ExternalMetas         map[string]string `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`
	EnablePulls           bool              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT true" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:TRUE"`
	PullsIgnoreWhitespace bool              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:FALSE"`
	PullsAllowRebase      bool              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:FALSE"`

	IsFork   bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false" gorm:"NOT NULL;DEFAULT:FALSE"`
	ForkID   int64
	BaseRepo *Repository `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`

	Created     time.Time `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`
	CreatedUnix int64
	Updated     time.Time `xorm:"-" gorm:"-" json:"-"`
	UpdatedUnix int64
}

func (repo *Repository) BeforeInsert() {
	repo.CreatedUnix = time.Now().Unix()
	repo.UpdatedUnix = repo.CreatedUnix
}

func (repo *Repository) AfterSet(colName string, _ xorm.Cell) {
	switch colName {
	case "default_branch":
		// FIXME: use db migration to solve all at once.
		if repo.DefaultBranch == "" {
			repo.DefaultBranch = "master"
		}
	case "num_closed_issues":
		repo.NumOpenIssues = repo.NumIssues - repo.NumClosedIssues
	case "num_closed_pulls":
		repo.NumOpenPulls = repo.NumPulls - repo.NumClosedPulls
	case "num_closed_milestones":
		repo.NumOpenMilestones = repo.NumMilestones - repo.NumClosedMilestones
	case "external_tracker_style":
		if repo.ExternalTrackerStyle == "" {
			repo.ExternalTrackerStyle = markup.IssueNameStyleNumeric
		}
	case "created_unix":
		repo.Created = time.Unix(repo.CreatedUnix, 0).Local()
	case "updated_unix":
		repo.Updated = time.Unix(repo.UpdatedUnix, 0)
	}
}

func (repo *Repository) loadAttributes(e Engine) (err error) {
	if repo.Owner == nil {
		repo.Owner, err = getUserByID(e, repo.OwnerID)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getUserByID [%d]: %v", repo.OwnerID, err)
		}
	}

	if repo.IsFork && repo.BaseRepo == nil {
		repo.BaseRepo, err = getRepositoryByID(e, repo.ForkID)
		if err != nil {
			if IsErrRepoNotExist(err) {
				repo.IsFork = false
				repo.ForkID = 0
			} else {
				return fmt.Errorf("get fork repository by ID: %v", err)
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (repo *Repository) LoadAttributes() error {
	return repo.loadAttributes(x)
}

// IsPartialPublic returns true if repository is public or allow public access to wiki or issues.
func (repo *Repository) IsPartialPublic() bool {
	return !repo.IsPrivate || repo.AllowPublicWiki || repo.AllowPublicIssues
}

func (repo *Repository) CanGuestViewWiki() bool {
	return repo.EnableWiki && !repo.EnableExternalWiki && repo.AllowPublicWiki
}

func (repo *Repository) CanGuestViewIssues() bool {
	return repo.EnableIssues && !repo.EnableExternalTracker && repo.AllowPublicIssues
}

// MustOwner always returns a valid *User object to avoid conceptually impossible error handling.
// It creates a fake object that contains error details when error occurs.
func (repo *Repository) MustOwner() *User {
	return repo.mustOwner(x)
}

func (repo *Repository) FullName() string {
	return repo.MustOwner().Name + "/" + repo.Name
}

func (repo *Repository) HTMLURL() string {
	return conf.Server.ExternalURL + repo.FullName()
}

// CustomAvatarPath returns repository custom avatar file path.
func (repo *Repository) CustomAvatarPath() string {
	return filepath.Join(conf.Picture.RepositoryAvatarUploadPath, com.ToStr(repo.ID))
}

// RelAvatarLink returns relative avatar link to the site domain,
// which includes app sub-url as prefix.
// Since Gravatar support not needed here - just check for image path.
func (repo *Repository) RelAvatarLink() string {
	defaultImgUrl := ""
	if !com.IsExist(repo.CustomAvatarPath()) {
		return defaultImgUrl
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%d", conf.Server.Subpath, REPO_AVATAR_URL_PREFIX, repo.ID)
}

// AvatarLink returns repository avatar absolute link.
func (repo *Repository) AvatarLink() string {
	link := repo.RelAvatarLink()
	if link[0] == '/' && link[1] != '/' {
		return conf.Server.ExternalURL + strings.TrimPrefix(link, conf.Server.Subpath)[1:]
	}
	return link
}

// UploadAvatar saves custom avatar for repository.
// FIXME: split uploads to different subdirs in case we have massive number of repositories.
func (repo *Repository) UploadAvatar(data []byte) error {
	img, _, err := image.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("decode image: %v", err)
	}

	_ = os.MkdirAll(conf.Picture.RepositoryAvatarUploadPath, os.ModePerm)
	fw, err := os.Create(repo.CustomAvatarPath())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("create custom avatar directory: %v", err)
	}
	defer fw.Close()

	m := resize.Resize(avatar.AVATAR_SIZE, avatar.AVATAR_SIZE, img, resize.NearestNeighbor)
	if err = png.Encode(fw, m); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("encode image: %v", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// DeleteAvatar deletes the repository custom avatar.
func (repo *Repository) DeleteAvatar() error {
	log.Trace("DeleteAvatar [%d]: %s", repo.ID, repo.CustomAvatarPath())
	if err := os.Remove(repo.CustomAvatarPath()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	repo.UseCustomAvatar = false
	return UpdateRepository(repo, false)
}

// This method assumes following fields have been assigned with valid values:
// Required - BaseRepo (if fork)
// Arguments that are allowed to be nil: permission
func (repo *Repository) APIFormat(permission *api.Permission, user ...*User) *api.Repository {
	cloneLink := repo.CloneLink()
	apiRepo := &api.Repository{
		ID:            repo.ID,
		Owner:         repo.Owner.APIFormat(),
		Name:          repo.Name,
		FullName:      repo.FullName(),
		Description:   repo.Description,
		Private:       repo.IsPrivate,
		Fork:          repo.IsFork,
		Empty:         repo.IsBare,
		Mirror:        repo.IsMirror,
		Size:          repo.Size,
		HTMLURL:       repo.HTMLURL(),
		SSHURL:        cloneLink.SSH,
		CloneURL:      cloneLink.HTTPS,
		Website:       repo.Website,
		Stars:         repo.NumStars,
		Forks:         repo.NumForks,
		Watchers:      repo.NumWatches,
		OpenIssues:    repo.NumOpenIssues,
		DefaultBranch: repo.DefaultBranch,
		Created:       repo.Created,
		Updated:       repo.Updated,
		Permissions:   permission,
		// Reserved for go-gogs-client change
		//		AvatarUrl:     repo.AvatarLink(),
	}
	if repo.IsFork {
		p := &api.Permission{Pull: true}
		if len(user) != 0 {
			p.Admin = user[0].IsAdminOfRepo(repo)
			p.Push = user[0].IsWriterOfRepo(repo)
		}
		apiRepo.Parent = repo.BaseRepo.APIFormat(p)
	}
	return apiRepo
}

func (repo *Repository) getOwner(e Engine) (err error) {
	if repo.Owner != nil {
		return nil
	}

	repo.Owner, err = getUserByID(e, repo.OwnerID)
	return err
}

func (repo *Repository) GetOwner() error {
	return repo.getOwner(x)
}

func (repo *Repository) mustOwner(e Engine) *User {
	if err := repo.getOwner(e); err != nil {
		return &User{
			Name:     "error",
			FullName: err.Error(),
		}
	}

	return repo.Owner
}

func (repo *Repository) UpdateSize() error {
	countObject, err := git.CountObjects(repo.RepoPath())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("count repository objects: %v", err)
	}

	repo.Size = countObject.Size + countObject.SizePack
	if _, err = x.Id(repo.ID).Cols("size").Update(repo); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("update size: %v", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// ComposeMetas composes a map of metas for rendering SHA1 URL and external issue tracker URL.
func (repo *Repository) ComposeMetas() map[string]string {
	if repo.ExternalMetas != nil {
		return repo.ExternalMetas
	}

	repo.ExternalMetas = map[string]string{
		"repoLink": repo.Link(),
	}

	if repo.EnableExternalTracker {
		repo.ExternalMetas["user"] = repo.MustOwner().Name
		repo.ExternalMetas["repo"] = repo.Name
		repo.ExternalMetas["format"] = repo.ExternalTrackerFormat

		switch repo.ExternalTrackerStyle {
		case markup.IssueNameStyleAlphanumeric:
			repo.ExternalMetas["style"] = markup.IssueNameStyleAlphanumeric
		default:
			repo.ExternalMetas["style"] = markup.IssueNameStyleNumeric
		}
	}

	return repo.ExternalMetas
}

// DeleteWiki removes the actual and local copy of repository wiki.
func (repo *Repository) DeleteWiki() {
	wikiPaths := []string{repo.WikiPath(), repo.LocalWikiPath()}
	for _, wikiPath := range wikiPaths {
		RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository wiki", wikiPath)
	}
}

// getUsersWithAccesMode returns users that have at least given access mode to the repository.
func (repo *Repository) getUsersWithAccesMode(e Engine, mode AccessMode) (_ []*User, err error) {
	if err = repo.getOwner(e); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	accesses := make([]*Access, 0, 10)
	if err = e.Where("repo_id = ? AND mode >= ?", repo.ID, mode).Find(&accesses); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Leave a seat for owner itself to append later, but if owner is an organization
	// and just waste 1 unit is cheaper than re-allocate memory once.
	users := make([]*User, 0, len(accesses)+1)
	if len(accesses) > 0 {
		userIDs := make([]int64, len(accesses))
		for i := 0; i < len(accesses); i++ {
			userIDs[i] = accesses[i].UserID
		}

		if err = e.In("id", userIDs).Find(&users); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	if !repo.Owner.IsOrganization() {
		users = append(users, repo.Owner)
	}

	return users, nil
}

// getAssignees returns a list of users who can be assigned to issues in this repository.
func (repo *Repository) getAssignees(e Engine) (_ []*User, err error) {
	return repo.getUsersWithAccesMode(e, AccessModeRead)
}

// GetAssignees returns all users that have read access and can be assigned to issues
// of the repository,
func (repo *Repository) GetAssignees() (_ []*User, err error) {
	return repo.getAssignees(x)
}

// GetAssigneeByID returns the user that has write access of repository by given ID.
func (repo *Repository) GetAssigneeByID(userID int64) (*User, error) {
	return GetAssigneeByID(repo, userID)
}

// GetWriters returns all users that have write access to the repository.
func (repo *Repository) GetWriters() (_ []*User, err error) {
	return repo.getUsersWithAccesMode(x, AccessModeWrite)
}

// GetMilestoneByID returns the milestone belongs to repository by given ID.
func (repo *Repository) GetMilestoneByID(milestoneID int64) (*Milestone, error) {
	return GetMilestoneByRepoID(repo.ID, milestoneID)
}

// IssueStats returns number of open and closed repository issues by given filter mode.
func (repo *Repository) IssueStats(userID int64, filterMode FilterMode, isPull bool) (int64, int64) {
	return GetRepoIssueStats(repo.ID, userID, filterMode, isPull)
}

func (repo *Repository) GetMirror() (err error) {
	repo.Mirror, err = GetMirrorByRepoID(repo.ID)
	return err
}

func (repo *Repository) repoPath(e Engine) string {
	return RepoPath(repo.mustOwner(e).Name, repo.Name)
}

func (repo *Repository) RepoPath() string {
	return repo.repoPath(x)
}

func (repo *Repository) GitConfigPath() string {
	return filepath.Join(repo.RepoPath(), "config")
}

func (repo *Repository) RelLink() string {
	return "/" + repo.FullName()
}

func (repo *Repository) Link() string {
	return conf.Server.Subpath + "/" + repo.FullName()
}

func (repo *Repository) ComposeCompareURL(oldCommitID, newCommitID string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/compare/%s...%s", repo.MustOwner().Name, repo.Name, oldCommitID, newCommitID)
}

func (repo *Repository) HasAccess(userID int64) bool {
	return Perms.Authorize(userID, repo.ID, AccessModeRead,
		AccessModeOptions{
			OwnerID: repo.OwnerID,
			Private: repo.IsPrivate,
		},
	)
}

func (repo *Repository) IsOwnedBy(userID int64) bool {
	return repo.OwnerID == userID
}

// CanBeForked returns true if repository meets the requirements of being forked.
func (repo *Repository) CanBeForked() bool {
	return !repo.IsBare
}

// CanEnablePulls returns true if repository meets the requirements of accepting pulls.
func (repo *Repository) CanEnablePulls() bool {
	return !repo.IsMirror && !repo.IsBare
}

// AllowPulls returns true if repository meets the requirements of accepting pulls and has them enabled.
func (repo *Repository) AllowsPulls() bool {
	return repo.CanEnablePulls() && repo.EnablePulls
}

func (repo *Repository) IsBranchRequirePullRequest(name string) bool {
	return IsBranchOfRepoRequirePullRequest(repo.ID, name)
}

// CanEnableEditor returns true if repository meets the requirements of web editor.
func (repo *Repository) CanEnableEditor() bool {
	return !repo.IsMirror
}

// FIXME: should have a mutex to prevent producing same index for two issues that are created
// closely enough.
func (repo *Repository) NextIssueIndex() int64 {
	return int64(repo.NumIssues+repo.NumPulls) + 1
}

func (repo *Repository) LocalCopyPath() string {
	return filepath.Join(conf.Server.AppDataPath, "tmp", "local-repo", com.ToStr(repo.ID))
}

// UpdateLocalCopy fetches latest changes of given branch from repoPath to localPath.
// It creates a new clone if local copy does not exist, but does not checks out to a
// specific branch if the local copy belongs to a wiki.
// For existing local copy, it checks out to target branch by default, and safe to
// assume subsequent operations are against target branch when caller has confidence
// about no race condition.
func UpdateLocalCopyBranch(repoPath, localPath, branch string, isWiki bool) (err error) {
	if !osutil.IsExist(localPath) {
		// Checkout to a specific branch fails when wiki is an empty repository.
		if isWiki {
			branch = ""
		}
		if err = git.Clone(repoPath, localPath, git.CloneOptions{
			Branch:  branch,
			Timeout: time.Duration(conf.Git.Timeout.Clone) * time.Second,
		}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("git clone [branch: %s]: %v", branch, err)
		}
		return nil
	}

	gitRepo, err := git.Open(localPath)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("open repository: %v", err)
	}

	if err = gitRepo.Fetch(git.FetchOptions{
		Prune: true,
	}); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("fetch: %v", err)
	}

	if err = gitRepo.Checkout(branch); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("checkout [branch: %s]: %v", branch, err)
	}

	// Reset to align with remote in case of force push.
	rev := "origin/" + branch
	if err = gitRepo.Reset(rev, git.ResetOptions{
		Hard: true,
	}); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("reset [revision: %s]: %v", rev, err)
	}
	return nil
}

// UpdateLocalCopyBranch makes sure local copy of repository in given branch is up-to-date.
func (repo *Repository) UpdateLocalCopyBranch(branch string) error {
	return UpdateLocalCopyBranch(repo.RepoPath(), repo.LocalCopyPath(), branch, false)
}

// PatchPath returns corresponding patch file path of repository by given issue ID.
func (repo *Repository) PatchPath(index int64) (string, error) {
	if err := repo.GetOwner(); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return filepath.Join(RepoPath(repo.Owner.Name, repo.Name), "pulls", com.ToStr(index)+".patch"), nil
}

// SavePatch saves patch data to corresponding location by given issue ID.
func (repo *Repository) SavePatch(index int64, patch []byte) error {
	patchPath, err := repo.PatchPath(index)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("PatchPath: %v", err)
	}

	if err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(patchPath), os.ModePerm); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err = ioutil.WriteFile(patchPath, patch, 0644); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("WriteFile: %v", err)
	}

	return nil
}

func isRepositoryExist(e Engine, u *User, repoName string) (bool, error) {
	has, err := e.Get(&Repository{
		OwnerID:   u.ID,
		LowerName: strings.ToLower(repoName),
	})
	return has && com.IsDir(RepoPath(u.Name, repoName)), err
}

// IsRepositoryExist returns true if the repository with given name under user has already existed.
func IsRepositoryExist(u *User, repoName string) (bool, error) {
	return isRepositoryExist(x, u, repoName)
}

// CloneLink represents different types of clone URLs of repository.
type CloneLink struct {
	SSH   string
	HTTPS string
	Git   string
}

// ComposeHTTPSCloneURL returns HTTPS clone URL based on given owner and repository name.
func ComposeHTTPSCloneURL(owner, repo string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/%s.git", conf.Server.ExternalURL, owner, repo)
}

func (repo *Repository) cloneLink(isWiki bool) *CloneLink {
	repoName := repo.Name
	if isWiki {
		repoName += ".wiki"
	}

	repo.Owner = repo.MustOwner()
	cl := new(CloneLink)
	if conf.SSH.Port != 22 {
		cl.SSH = fmt.Sprintf("ssh://%s@%s:%d/%s/%s.git", conf.App.RunUser, conf.SSH.Domain, conf.SSH.Port, repo.Owner.Name, repoName)
	} else {
		cl.SSH = fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s:%s/%s.git", conf.App.RunUser, conf.SSH.Domain, repo.Owner.Name, repoName)
	}
	cl.HTTPS = ComposeHTTPSCloneURL(repo.Owner.Name, repoName)
	return cl
}

// CloneLink returns clone URLs of repository.
func (repo *Repository) CloneLink() (cl *CloneLink) {
	return repo.cloneLink(false)
}

type MigrateRepoOptions struct {
	Name        string
	Description string
	IsPrivate   bool
	IsUnlisted  bool
	IsMirror    bool
	RemoteAddr  string
}

/*
	GitHub, GitLab, Gogs: *.wiki.git
	BitBucket: *.git/wiki
*/
var commonWikiURLSuffixes = []string{".wiki.git", ".git/wiki"}

// wikiRemoteURL returns accessible repository URL for wiki if exists.
// Otherwise, it returns an empty string.
func wikiRemoteURL(remote string) string {
	remote = strings.TrimSuffix(remote, ".git")
	for _, suffix := range commonWikiURLSuffixes {
		wikiURL := remote + suffix
		if git.IsURLAccessible(time.Minute, wikiURL) {
			return wikiURL
		}
	}
	return ""
}

// MigrateRepository migrates a existing repository from other project hosting.
func MigrateRepository(doer, owner *User, opts MigrateRepoOptions) (*Repository, error) {
	repo, err := CreateRepository(doer, owner, CreateRepoOptions{
		Name:        opts.Name,
		Description: opts.Description,
		IsPrivate:   opts.IsPrivate,
		IsUnlisted:  opts.IsUnlisted,
		IsMirror:    opts.IsMirror,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	repoPath := RepoPath(owner.Name, opts.Name)
	wikiPath := WikiPath(owner.Name, opts.Name)

	if owner.IsOrganization() {
		t, err := owner.GetOwnerTeam()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		repo.NumWatches = t.NumMembers
	} else {
		repo.NumWatches = 1
	}

	migrateTimeout := time.Duration(conf.Git.Timeout.Migrate) * time.Second

	RemoveAllWithNotice("Repository path erase before creation", repoPath)
	if err = git.Clone(opts.RemoteAddr, repoPath, git.CloneOptions{
		Mirror:  true,
		Quiet:   true,
		Timeout: migrateTimeout,
	}); err != nil {
		return repo, fmt.Errorf("clone: %v", err)
	}

	wikiRemotePath := wikiRemoteURL(opts.RemoteAddr)
	if len(wikiRemotePath) > 0 {
		RemoveAllWithNotice("Repository wiki path erase before creation", wikiPath)
		if err = git.Clone(wikiRemotePath, wikiPath, git.CloneOptions{
			Mirror:  true,
			Quiet:   true,
			Timeout: migrateTimeout,
		}); err != nil {
			log.Error("Failed to clone wiki: %v", err)
			RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository wiki for initialization failure", wikiPath)
		}
	}

	// Check if repository is empty.
	_, stderr, err := com.ExecCmdDir(repoPath, "git", "log", "-1")
	if err != nil {
		if strings.Contains(stderr, "fatal: bad default revision 'HEAD'") {
			repo.IsBare = true
		} else {
			return repo, fmt.Errorf("check bare: %v - %s", err, stderr)
		}
	}

	if !repo.IsBare {
		// Try to get HEAD branch and set it as default branch.
		gitRepo, err := git.Open(repoPath)
		if err != nil {
			return repo, fmt.Errorf("open repository: %v", err)
		}
		refspec, err := gitRepo.SymbolicRef()
		if err != nil {
			return repo, fmt.Errorf("get HEAD branch: %v", err)
		}
		repo.DefaultBranch = git.RefShortName(refspec)

		if err = repo.UpdateSize(); err != nil {
			log.Error("UpdateSize [repo_id: %d]: %v", repo.ID, err)
		}
	}

	if opts.IsMirror {
		if _, err = x.InsertOne(&Mirror{
			RepoID:      repo.ID,
			Interval:    conf.Mirror.DefaultInterval,
			EnablePrune: true,
			NextSync:    time.Now().Add(time.Duration(conf.Mirror.DefaultInterval) * time.Hour),
		}); err != nil {
			return repo, fmt.Errorf("InsertOne: %v", err)
		}

		repo.IsMirror = true
		return repo, UpdateRepository(repo, false)
	}

	return CleanUpMigrateInfo(repo)
}

// cleanUpMigrateGitConfig removes mirror info which prevents "push --all".
// This also removes possible user credentials.
func cleanUpMigrateGitConfig(configPath string) error {
	cfg, err := ini.Load(configPath)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("open config file: %v", err)
	}
	cfg.DeleteSection("remote \"origin\"")
	if err = cfg.SaveToIndent(configPath, "\t"); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("save config file: %v", err)
	}
	return nil
}

var hooksTpls = map[git.HookName]string{
	"pre-receive":  "#!/usr/bin/env %s\n\"%s\" hook --config='%s' pre-receive\n",
	"update":       "#!/usr/bin/env %s\n\"%s\" hook --config='%s' update $1 $2 $3\n",
	"post-receive": "#!/usr/bin/env %s\n\"%s\" hook --config='%s' post-receive\n",
}

func createDelegateHooks(repoPath string) (err error) {
	for _, name := range git.ServerSideHooks {
		hookPath := filepath.Join(repoPath, "hooks", string(name))
		if err = ioutil.WriteFile(hookPath,
			[]byte(fmt.Sprintf(hooksTpls[name], conf.Repository.ScriptType, conf.AppPath(), conf.CustomConf)),
			os.ModePerm); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("create delegate hook '%s': %v", hookPath, err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Finish migrating repository and/or wiki with things that don't need to be done for mirrors.
func CleanUpMigrateInfo(repo *Repository) (*Repository, error) {
	repoPath := repo.RepoPath()
	if err := createDelegateHooks(repoPath); err != nil {
		return repo, fmt.Errorf("createDelegateHooks: %v", err)
	}
	if repo.HasWiki() {
		if err := createDelegateHooks(repo.WikiPath()); err != nil {
			return repo, fmt.Errorf("createDelegateHooks.(wiki): %v", err)
		}
	}

	if err := cleanUpMigrateGitConfig(repo.GitConfigPath()); err != nil {
		return repo, fmt.Errorf("cleanUpMigrateGitConfig: %v", err)
	}
	if repo.HasWiki() {
		if err := cleanUpMigrateGitConfig(path.Join(repo.WikiPath(), "config")); err != nil {
			return repo, fmt.Errorf("cleanUpMigrateGitConfig.(wiki): %v", err)
		}
	}

	return repo, UpdateRepository(repo, false)
}

// initRepoCommit temporarily changes with work directory.
func initRepoCommit(tmpPath string, sig *git.Signature) (err error) {
	var stderr string
	if _, stderr, err = process.ExecDir(-1,
		tmpPath, fmt.Sprintf("initRepoCommit (git add): %s", tmpPath),
		"git", "add", "--all"); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("git add: %s", stderr)
	}

	if _, stderr, err = process.ExecDir(-1,
		tmpPath, fmt.Sprintf("initRepoCommit (git commit): %s", tmpPath),
		"git", "commit", fmt.Sprintf("--author='%s <%s>'", sig.Name, sig.Email),
		"-m", "Initial commit"); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("git commit: %s", stderr)
	}

	if _, stderr, err = process.ExecDir(-1,
		tmpPath, fmt.Sprintf("initRepoCommit (git push): %s", tmpPath),
		"git", "push", "origin", "master"); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("git push: %s", stderr)
	}
	return nil
}

type CreateRepoOptions struct {
	Name        string
	Description string
	Gitignores  string
	License     string
	Readme      string
	IsPrivate   bool
	IsUnlisted  bool
	IsMirror    bool
	AutoInit    bool
}

func getRepoInitFile(tp, name string) ([]byte, error) {
	relPath := path.Join(tp, strings.TrimLeft(path.Clean("/"+name), "/"))

	// Use custom file when available.
	customPath := filepath.Join(conf.CustomDir(), "conf", relPath)
	if osutil.IsFile(customPath) {
		return ioutil.ReadFile(customPath)
	}
	return embedConf.Files.ReadFile(relPath)
}

func prepareRepoCommit(repo *Repository, tmpDir, repoPath string, opts CreateRepoOptions) error {
	// Clone to temporary path and do the init commit.
	_, stderr, err := process.Exec(
		fmt.Sprintf("initRepository(git clone): %s", repoPath), "git", "clone", repoPath, tmpDir)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("git clone: %v - %s", err, stderr)
	}

	// README
	data, err := getRepoInitFile("readme", opts.Readme)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("getRepoInitFile[%s]: %v", opts.Readme, err)
	}

	cloneLink := repo.CloneLink()
	match := map[string]string{
		"Name":           repo.Name,
		"Description":    repo.Description,
		"CloneURL.SSH":   cloneLink.SSH,
		"CloneURL.HTTPS": cloneLink.HTTPS,
	}
	if err = ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "README.md"),
		[]byte(com.Expand(string(data), match)), 0644); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("write README.md: %v", err)
	}

	// .gitignore
	if len(opts.Gitignores) > 0 {
		var buf bytes.Buffer
		names := strings.Split(opts.Gitignores, ",")
		for _, name := range names {
			data, err = getRepoInitFile("gitignore", name)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("getRepoInitFile[%s]: %v", name, err)
			}
			buf.WriteString("# ---> " + name + "\n")
			buf.Write(data)
			buf.WriteString("\n")
		}

		if buf.Len() > 0 {
			if err = ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".gitignore"), buf.Bytes(), 0644); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("write .gitignore: %v", err)
			}
		}
	}

	// LICENSE
	if len(opts.License) > 0 {
		data, err = getRepoInitFile("license", opts.License)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getRepoInitFile[%s]: %v", opts.License, err)
		}

		if err = ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LICENSE"), data, 0644); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("write LICENSE: %v", err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// initRepository performs initial commit with chosen setup files on behave of doer.
func initRepository(e Engine, repoPath string, doer *User, repo *Repository, opts CreateRepoOptions) (err error) {
	// Somehow the directory could exist.
	if com.IsExist(repoPath) {
		return fmt.Errorf("initRepository: path already exists: %s", repoPath)
	}

	// Init bare new repository.
	if err = git.Init(repoPath, git.InitOptions{Bare: true}); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("init repository: %v", err)
	} else if err = createDelegateHooks(repoPath); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDelegateHooks: %v", err)
	}

	tmpDir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "gogs-"+repo.Name+"-"+com.ToStr(time.Now().Nanosecond()))

	// Initialize repository according to user's choice.
	if opts.AutoInit {
		if err = os.MkdirAll(tmpDir, os.ModePerm); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository for auto-initialization", tmpDir)

		if err = prepareRepoCommit(repo, tmpDir, repoPath, opts); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("prepareRepoCommit: %v", err)
		}

		// Apply changes and commit.
		if err = initRepoCommit(tmpDir, doer.NewGitSig()); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("initRepoCommit: %v", err)
		}
	}

	// Re-fetch the repository from database before updating it (else it would
	// override changes that were done earlier with sql)
	if repo, err = getRepositoryByID(e, repo.ID); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("getRepositoryByID: %v", err)
	}

	if !opts.AutoInit {
		repo.IsBare = true
	}

	repo.DefaultBranch = "master"
	if err = updateRepository(e, repo, false); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("updateRepository: %v", err)
	}

	return nil
}

var (
	reservedRepoNames    = []string{".", ".."}
	reservedRepoPatterns = []string{"*.git", "*.wiki"}
)

// isRepoNameAllowed return an error if given name is a reserved name or pattern for repositories.
func isRepoNameAllowed(name string) error {
	return isNameAllowed(reservedRepoNames, reservedRepoPatterns, name)
}

func createRepository(e *xorm.Session, doer, owner *User, repo *Repository) (err error) {
	if err = isRepoNameAllowed(repo.Name); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	has, err := isRepositoryExist(e, owner, repo.Name)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("IsRepositoryExist: %v", err)
	} else if has {
		return ErrRepoAlreadyExist{args: errutil.Args{"ownerID": owner.ID, "name": repo.Name}}
	}

	if _, err = e.Insert(repo); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	owner.NumRepos++
	// Remember visibility preference.
	owner.LastRepoVisibility = repo.IsPrivate
	if err = updateUser(e, owner); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("updateUser: %v", err)
	}

	// Give access to all members in owner team.
	if owner.IsOrganization() {
		t, err := owner.getOwnerTeam(e)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getOwnerTeam: %v", err)
		} else if err = t.addRepository(e, repo); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("addRepository: %v", err)
		}
	} else {
		// Organization automatically called this in addRepository method.
		if err = repo.recalculateAccesses(e); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("recalculateAccesses: %v", err)
		}
	}

	if err = watchRepo(e, owner.ID, repo.ID, true); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("watchRepo: %v", err)
	} else if err = newRepoAction(e, doer, owner, repo); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("newRepoAction: %v", err)
	}

	return repo.loadAttributes(e)
}

type ErrReachLimitOfRepo struct {
	Limit int
}

func IsErrReachLimitOfRepo(err error) bool {
	_, ok := err.(ErrReachLimitOfRepo)
	return ok
}

func (err ErrReachLimitOfRepo) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("user has reached maximum limit of repositories [limit: %d]", err.Limit)
}

// CreateRepository creates a repository for given user or organization.
func CreateRepository(doer, owner *User, opts CreateRepoOptions) (_ *Repository, err error) {
	if !owner.CanCreateRepo() {
		return nil, ErrReachLimitOfRepo{Limit: owner.RepoCreationNum()}
	}

	repo := &Repository{
		OwnerID:      owner.ID,
		Owner:        owner,
		Name:         opts.Name,
		LowerName:    strings.ToLower(opts.Name),
		Description:  opts.Description,
		IsPrivate:    opts.IsPrivate,
		IsUnlisted:   opts.IsUnlisted,
		EnableWiki:   true,
		EnableIssues: true,
		EnablePulls:  true,
	}

	sess := x.NewSession()
	defer sess.Close()
	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err = createRepository(sess, doer, owner, repo); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// No need for init mirror.
	if !opts.IsMirror {
		repoPath := RepoPath(owner.Name, repo.Name)
		if err = initRepository(sess, repoPath, doer, repo, opts); err != nil {
			RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository for initialization failure", repoPath)
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("initRepository: %v", err)
		}

		_, stderr, err := process.ExecDir(-1,
			repoPath, fmt.Sprintf("CreateRepository 'git update-server-info': %s", repoPath),
			"git", "update-server-info")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("CreateRepository 'git update-server-info': %s", stderr)
		}
	}

	return repo, sess.Commit()
}

func countRepositories(userID int64, private bool) int64 {
	sess := x.Where("id > 0")

	if userID > 0 {
		sess.And("owner_id = ?", userID)
	}
	if !private {
		sess.And("is_private=?", false)
	}

	count, err := sess.Count(new(Repository))
	if err != nil {
		log.Error("countRepositories: %v", err)
	}
	return count
}

// CountRepositories returns number of repositories.
// Argument private only takes effect when it is false,
// set it true to count all repositories.
func CountRepositories(private bool) int64 {
	return countRepositories(-1, private)
}

// CountUserRepositories returns number of repositories user owns.
// Argument private only takes effect when it is false,
// set it true to count all repositories.
func CountUserRepositories(userID int64, private bool) int64 {
	return countRepositories(userID, private)
}

func Repositories(page, pageSize int) (_ []*Repository, err error) {
	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, pageSize)
	return repos, x.Limit(pageSize, (page-1)*pageSize).Asc("id").Find(&repos)
}

// RepositoriesWithUsers returns number of repos in given page.
func RepositoriesWithUsers(page, pageSize int) (_ []*Repository, err error) {
	repos, err := Repositories(page, pageSize)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Repositories: %v", err)
	}

	for i := range repos {
		if err = repos[i].GetOwner(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	return repos, nil
}

// FilterRepositoryWithIssues selects repositories that are using internal issue tracker
// and has disabled external tracker from given set.
// It returns nil if result set is empty.
func FilterRepositoryWithIssues(repoIDs []int64) ([]int64, error) {
	if len(repoIDs) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, len(repoIDs))
	if err := x.Where("enable_issues=?", true).
		And("enable_external_tracker=?", false).
		In("id", repoIDs).
		Cols("id").
		Find(&repos); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("filter valid repositories %v: %v", repoIDs, err)
	}

	if len(repos) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	repoIDs = make([]int64, len(repos))
	for i := range repos {
		repoIDs[i] = repos[i].ID
	}
	return repoIDs, nil
}

// RepoPath returns repository path by given user and repository name.
func RepoPath(userName, repoName string) string {
	return filepath.Join(UserPath(userName), strings.ToLower(repoName)+".git")
}

// TransferOwnership transfers all corresponding setting from old user to new one.
func TransferOwnership(doer *User, newOwnerName string, repo *Repository) error {
	newOwner, err := GetUserByName(newOwnerName)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("get new owner '%s': %v", newOwnerName, err)
	}

	// Check if new owner has repository with same name.
	has, err := IsRepositoryExist(newOwner, repo.Name)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("IsRepositoryExist: %v", err)
	} else if has {
		return ErrRepoAlreadyExist{args: errutil.Args{"ownerName": newOwnerName, "name": repo.Name}}
	}

	sess := x.NewSession()
	defer sess.Close()
	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("sess.Begin: %v", err)
	}

	owner := repo.Owner

	// Note: we have to set value here to make sure recalculate accesses is based on
	// new owner.
	repo.OwnerID = newOwner.ID
	repo.Owner = newOwner

	// Update repository.
	if _, err := sess.ID(repo.ID).Update(repo); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("update owner: %v", err)
	}

	// Remove redundant collaborators.
	collaborators, err := repo.getCollaborators(sess)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("getCollaborators: %v", err)
	}

	// Dummy object.
	collaboration := &Collaboration{RepoID: repo.ID}
	for _, c := range collaborators {
		collaboration.UserID = c.ID
		if c.ID == newOwner.ID || newOwner.IsOrgMember(c.ID) {
			if _, err = sess.Delete(collaboration); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("remove collaborator '%d': %v", c.ID, err)
			}
		}
	}

	// Remove old team-repository relations.
	if owner.IsOrganization() {
		if err = owner.getTeams(sess); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getTeams: %v", err)
		}
		for _, t := range owner.Teams {
			if !t.hasRepository(sess, repo.ID) {
				continue
			}

			t.NumRepos--
			if _, err := sess.ID(t.ID).AllCols().Update(t); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("decrease team repository count '%d': %v", t.ID, err)
			}
		}

		if err = owner.removeOrgRepo(sess, repo.ID); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("removeOrgRepo: %v", err)
		}
	}

	if newOwner.IsOrganization() {
		t, err := newOwner.getOwnerTeam(sess)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getOwnerTeam: %v", err)
		} else if err = t.addRepository(sess, repo); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("add to owner team: %v", err)
		}
	} else {
		// Organization called this in addRepository method.
		if err = repo.recalculateAccesses(sess); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("recalculateAccesses: %v", err)
		}
	}

	// Update repository count.
	if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `user` SET num_repos=num_repos+1 WHERE id=?", newOwner.ID); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("increase new owner repository count: %v", err)
	} else if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `user` SET num_repos=num_repos-1 WHERE id=?", owner.ID); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("decrease old owner repository count: %v", err)
	}

	if err = watchRepo(sess, newOwner.ID, repo.ID, true); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("watchRepo: %v", err)
	} else if err = transferRepoAction(sess, doer, owner, repo); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("transferRepoAction: %v", err)
	}

	// Rename remote repository to new path and delete local copy.
	if err = os.MkdirAll(UserPath(newOwner.Name), os.ModePerm); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err = os.Rename(RepoPath(owner.Name, repo.Name), RepoPath(newOwner.Name, repo.Name)); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("rename repository directory: %v", err)
	}

	deleteRepoLocalCopy(repo)

	// Rename remote wiki repository to new path and delete local copy.
	wikiPath := WikiPath(owner.Name, repo.Name)
	if com.IsExist(wikiPath) {
		RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository wiki local copy", repo.LocalWikiPath())
		if err = os.Rename(wikiPath, WikiPath(newOwner.Name, repo.Name)); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("rename repository wiki: %v", err)
		}
	}

	return sess.Commit()
}

func deleteRepoLocalCopy(repo *Repository) {
	repoWorkingPool.CheckIn(com.ToStr(repo.ID))
	defer repoWorkingPool.CheckOut(com.ToStr(repo.ID))
	RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository local copy", repo.LocalCopyPath())
}

// ChangeRepositoryName changes all corresponding setting from old repository name to new one.
func ChangeRepositoryName(u *User, oldRepoName, newRepoName string) (err error) {
	oldRepoName = strings.ToLower(oldRepoName)
	newRepoName = strings.ToLower(newRepoName)
	if err = isRepoNameAllowed(newRepoName); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	has, err := IsRepositoryExist(u, newRepoName)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("IsRepositoryExist: %v", err)
	} else if has {
		return ErrRepoAlreadyExist{args: errutil.Args{"ownerID": u.ID, "name": newRepoName}}
	}

	repo, err := GetRepositoryByName(u.ID, oldRepoName)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("GetRepositoryByName: %v", err)
	}

	// Change repository directory name
	if err = os.Rename(repo.RepoPath(), RepoPath(u.Name, newRepoName)); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("rename repository directory: %v", err)
	}

	wikiPath := repo.WikiPath()
	if com.IsExist(wikiPath) {
		if err = os.Rename(wikiPath, WikiPath(u.Name, newRepoName)); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("rename repository wiki: %v", err)
		}
		RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository wiki local copy", repo.LocalWikiPath())
	}

	deleteRepoLocalCopy(repo)
	return nil
}

func getRepositoriesByForkID(e Engine, forkID int64) ([]*Repository, error) {
	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, 10)
	return repos, e.Where("fork_id=?", forkID).Find(&repos)
}

// GetRepositoriesByForkID returns all repositories with given fork ID.
func GetRepositoriesByForkID(forkID int64) ([]*Repository, error) {
	return getRepositoriesByForkID(x, forkID)
}

func getNonMirrorRepositories(e Engine) ([]*Repository, error) {
	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, 10)
	return repos, e.Where("is_mirror = ?", false).Find(&repos)
}

// GetRepositoriesMirror returns only mirror repositories with user.
func GetNonMirrorRepositories() ([]*Repository, error) {
	return getNonMirrorRepositories(x)
}

func updateRepository(e Engine, repo *Repository, visibilityChanged bool) (err error) {
	repo.LowerName = strings.ToLower(repo.Name)

	if len(repo.Description) > 512 {
		repo.Description = repo.Description[:512]
	}
	if len(repo.Website) > 255 {
		repo.Website = repo.Website[:255]
	}

	if _, err = e.ID(repo.ID).AllCols().Update(repo); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("update: %v", err)
	}

	if visibilityChanged {
		if err = repo.getOwner(e); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getOwner: %v", err)
		}
		if repo.Owner.IsOrganization() {
			// Organization repository need to recalculate access table when visibility is changed
			if err = repo.recalculateTeamAccesses(e, 0); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("recalculateTeamAccesses: %v", err)
			}
		}

		// Create/Remove git-daemon-export-ok for git-daemon
		daemonExportFile := path.Join(repo.RepoPath(), "git-daemon-export-ok")
		if repo.IsPrivate && com.IsExist(daemonExportFile) {
			if err = os.Remove(daemonExportFile); err != nil {
				log.Error("Failed to remove %s: %v", daemonExportFile, err)
			}
		} else if !repo.IsPrivate && !com.IsExist(daemonExportFile) {
			if f, err := os.Create(daemonExportFile); err != nil {
				log.Error("Failed to create %s: %v", daemonExportFile, err)
			} else {
				f.Close()
			}
		}

		forkRepos, err := getRepositoriesByForkID(e, repo.ID)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getRepositoriesByForkID: %v", err)
		}
		for i := range forkRepos {
			forkRepos[i].IsPrivate = repo.IsPrivate
			forkRepos[i].IsUnlisted = repo.IsUnlisted
			if err = updateRepository(e, forkRepos[i], true); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("updateRepository[%d]: %v", forkRepos[i].ID, err)
			}
		}

		// Change visibility of generated actions
		if _, err = e.Where("repo_id = ?", repo.ID).Cols("is_private").Update(&Action{IsPrivate: repo.IsPrivate || repo.IsUnlisted}); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("change action visibility of repository: %v", err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func UpdateRepository(repo *Repository, visibilityChanged bool) (err error) {
	sess := x.NewSession()
	defer sess.Close()
	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if err = updateRepository(x, repo, visibilityChanged); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("updateRepository: %v", err)
	}

	return sess.Commit()
}

// DeleteRepository deletes a repository for a user or organization.
func DeleteRepository(ownerID, repoID int64) error {
	repo := &Repository{ID: repoID, OwnerID: ownerID}
	has, err := x.Get(repo)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	} else if !has {
		return ErrRepoNotExist{args: map[string]interface{}{"ownerID": ownerID, "repoID": repoID}}
	}

	// In case is a organization.
	org, err := GetUserByID(ownerID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if org.IsOrganization() {
		if err = org.GetTeams(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	sess := x.NewSession()
	defer sess.Close()
	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if org.IsOrganization() {
		for _, t := range org.Teams {
			if !t.hasRepository(sess, repoID) {
				continue
			} else if err = t.removeRepository(sess, repo, false); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	if err = deleteBeans(sess,
		&Repository{ID: repoID},
		&Access{RepoID: repo.ID},
		&Action{RepoID: repo.ID},
		&Watch{RepoID: repoID},
		&Star{RepoID: repoID},
		&Mirror{RepoID: repoID},
		&IssueUser{RepoID: repoID},
		&Milestone{RepoID: repoID},
		&Release{RepoID: repoID},
		&Collaboration{RepoID: repoID},
		&PullRequest{BaseRepoID: repoID},
		&ProtectBranch{RepoID: repoID},
		&ProtectBranchWhitelist{RepoID: repoID},
		&Webhook{RepoID: repoID},
		&HookTask{RepoID: repoID},
		&LFSObject{RepoID: repoID},
	); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("deleteBeans: %v", err)
	}

	// Delete comments and attachments.
	issues := make([]*Issue, 0, 25)
	attachmentPaths := make([]string, 0, len(issues))
	if err = sess.Where("repo_id=?", repoID).Find(&issues); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for i := range issues {
		if _, err = sess.Delete(&Comment{IssueID: issues[i].ID}); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		attachments := make([]*Attachment, 0, 5)
		if err = sess.Where("issue_id=?", issues[i].ID).Find(&attachments); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		for j := range attachments {
			attachmentPaths = append(attachmentPaths, attachments[j].LocalPath())
		}

		if _, err = sess.Delete(&Attachment{IssueID: issues[i].ID}); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if _, err = sess.Delete(&Issue{RepoID: repoID}); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if repo.IsFork {
		if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_forks=num_forks-1 WHERE id=?", repo.ForkID); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("decrease fork count: %v", err)
		}
	}

	if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `user` SET num_repos=num_repos-1 WHERE id=?", ownerID); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if err = sess.Commit(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Commit: %v", err)
	}

	// Remove repository files.
	repoPath := repo.RepoPath()
	RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete repository files", repoPath)

	repo.DeleteWiki()

	// Remove attachment files.
	for i := range attachmentPaths {
		RemoveAllWithNotice("Delete attachment", attachmentPaths[i])
	}

	if repo.NumForks > 0 {
		if _, err = x.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET fork_id=0,is_fork=? WHERE fork_id=?", false, repo.ID); err != nil {
			log.Error("reset 'fork_id' and 'is_fork': %v", err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// GetRepositoryByRef returns a Repository specified by a GFM reference.
// See https://help.github.com/articles/writing-on-github#references for more information on the syntax.
func GetRepositoryByRef(ref string) (*Repository, error) {
	n := strings.IndexByte(ref, byte('/'))
	if n < 2 {
		return nil, errors.InvalidRepoReference{Ref: ref}
	}

	userName, repoName := ref[:n], ref[n+1:]
	user, err := GetUserByName(userName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return GetRepositoryByName(user.ID, repoName)
}

// GetRepositoryByName returns the repository by given name under user if exists.
// Deprecated: Use Repos.GetByName instead.
func GetRepositoryByName(ownerID int64, name string) (*Repository, error) {
	repo := &Repository{
		OwnerID:   ownerID,
		LowerName: strings.ToLower(name),
	}
	has, err := x.Get(repo)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	} else if !has {
		return nil, ErrRepoNotExist{args: map[string]interface{}{"ownerID": ownerID, "name": name}}
	}
	return repo, repo.LoadAttributes()
}

func getRepositoryByID(e Engine, id int64) (*Repository, error) {
	repo := new(Repository)
	has, err := e.ID(id).Get(repo)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	} else if !has {
		return nil, ErrRepoNotExist{args: map[string]interface{}{"repoID": id}}
	}
	return repo, repo.loadAttributes(e)
}

// GetRepositoryByID returns the repository by given id if exists.
func GetRepositoryByID(id int64) (*Repository, error) {
	return getRepositoryByID(x, id)
}

type UserRepoOptions struct {
	UserID   int64
	Private  bool
	Page     int
	PageSize int
}

// GetUserRepositories returns a list of repositories of given user.
func GetUserRepositories(opts *UserRepoOptions) ([]*Repository, error) {
	sess := x.Where("owner_id=?", opts.UserID).Desc("updated_unix")
	if !opts.Private {
		sess.And("is_private=?", false)
		sess.And("is_unlisted=?", false)
	}

	if opts.Page <= 0 {
		opts.Page = 1
	}
	sess.Limit(opts.PageSize, (opts.Page-1)*opts.PageSize)

	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, opts.PageSize)
	return repos, sess.Find(&repos)
}

// GetUserRepositories returns a list of mirror repositories of given user.
func GetUserMirrorRepositories(userID int64) ([]*Repository, error) {
	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, 10)
	return repos, x.Where("owner_id = ?", userID).And("is_mirror = ?", true).Find(&repos)
}

// GetRecentUpdatedRepositories returns the list of repositories that are recently updated.
func GetRecentUpdatedRepositories(page, pageSize int) (repos []*Repository, err error) {
	return repos, x.Limit(pageSize, (page-1)*pageSize).
		Where("is_private=?", false).Limit(pageSize).Desc("updated_unix").Find(&repos)
}

// GetUserAndCollaborativeRepositories returns list of repositories the user owns and collaborates.
func GetUserAndCollaborativeRepositories(userID int64) ([]*Repository, error) {
	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, 10)
	if err := x.Alias("repo").
		Join("INNER", "collaboration", "collaboration.repo_id = repo.id").
		Where("collaboration.user_id = ?", userID).
		Find(&repos); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("select collaborative repositories: %v", err)
	}

	ownRepos := make([]*Repository, 0, 10)
	if err := x.Where("owner_id = ?", userID).Find(&ownRepos); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("select own repositories: %v", err)
	}

	return append(repos, ownRepos...), nil
}

func getRepositoryCount(_ Engine, u *User) (int64, error) {
	return x.Count(&Repository{OwnerID: u.ID})
}

// GetRepositoryCount returns the total number of repositories of user.
func GetRepositoryCount(u *User) (int64, error) {
	return getRepositoryCount(x, u)
}

type SearchRepoOptions struct {
	Keyword  string
	OwnerID  int64
	UserID   int64 // When set results will contain all public/private repositories user has access to
	OrderBy  string
	Private  bool // Include private repositories in results
	Page     int
	PageSize int // Can be smaller than or equal to setting.ExplorePagingNum
}

// SearchRepositoryByName takes keyword and part of repository name to search,
// it returns results in given range and number of total results.
func SearchRepositoryByName(opts *SearchRepoOptions) (repos []*Repository, count int64, err error) {
	if opts.Page <= 0 {
		opts.Page = 1
	}

	repos = make([]*Repository, 0, opts.PageSize)
	sess := x.Alias("repo")
	// Attempt to find repositories that opts.UserID has access to,
	// this does not include other people's private repositories even if opts.UserID is an admin.
	if !opts.Private && opts.UserID > 0 {
		sess.Join("LEFT", "access", "access.repo_id = repo.id").
			Where("repo.owner_id = ? OR access.user_id = ? OR (repo.is_private = ? AND repo.is_unlisted = ?) OR (repo.is_private = ? AND (repo.allow_public_wiki = ? OR repo.allow_public_issues = ?))", opts.UserID, opts.UserID, false, false, true, true, true)
	} else {
		// Only return public repositories if opts.Private is not set
		if !opts.Private {
			sess.And("(repo.is_private = ? AND repo.is_unlisted = ?) OR (repo.is_private = ? AND (repo.allow_public_wiki = ? OR repo.allow_public_issues = ?))", false, false, true, true, true)
		}
	}
	if len(opts.Keyword) > 0 {
		sess.And("repo.lower_name LIKE ? OR repo.description LIKE ?", "%"+strings.ToLower(opts.Keyword)+"%", "%"+strings.ToLower(opts.Keyword)+"%")
	}
	if opts.OwnerID > 0 {
		sess.And("repo.owner_id = ?", opts.OwnerID)
	}

	// We need all fields (repo.*) in final list but only ID (repo.id) is good enough for counting.
	count, err = sess.Clone().Distinct("repo.id").Count(new(Repository))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("Count: %v", err)
	}

	if len(opts.OrderBy) > 0 {
		sess.OrderBy("repo." + opts.OrderBy)
	}
	return repos, count, sess.Distinct("repo.*").Limit(opts.PageSize, (opts.Page-1)*opts.PageSize).Find(&repos)
}

func DeleteOldRepositoryArchives() {
	if taskStatusTable.IsRunning(_CLEAN_OLD_ARCHIVES) {
		return
	}
	taskStatusTable.Start(_CLEAN_OLD_ARCHIVES)
	defer taskStatusTable.Stop(_CLEAN_OLD_ARCHIVES)

	log.Trace("Doing: DeleteOldRepositoryArchives")

	formats := []string{"zip", "targz"}
	oldestTime := time.Now().Add(-conf.Cron.RepoArchiveCleanup.OlderThan)
	if err := x.Where("id > 0").Iterate(new(Repository),
		func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
			repo := bean.(*Repository)
			basePath := filepath.Join(repo.RepoPath(), "archives")
			for _, format := range formats {
				dirPath := filepath.Join(basePath, format)
				if !com.IsDir(dirPath) {
					continue
				}

				dir, err := os.Open(dirPath)
				if err != nil {
					log.Error("Failed to open directory '%s': %v", dirPath, err)
					continue
				}

				fis, err := dir.Readdir(0)
				dir.Close()
				if err != nil {
					log.Error("Failed to read directory '%s': %v", dirPath, err)
					continue
				}

				for _, fi := range fis {
					if fi.IsDir() || fi.ModTime().After(oldestTime) {
						continue
					}

					archivePath := filepath.Join(dirPath, fi.Name())
					if err = os.Remove(archivePath); err != nil {
						desc := fmt.Sprintf("Failed to health delete archive '%s': %v", archivePath, err)
						log.Warn(desc)
						if err = CreateRepositoryNotice(desc); err != nil {
							log.Error("CreateRepositoryNotice: %v", err)
						}
					}
				}
			}

			return nil
		}); err != nil {
		log.Error("DeleteOldRepositoryArchives: %v", err)
	}
}

// DeleteRepositoryArchives deletes all repositories' archives.
func DeleteRepositoryArchives() error {
	if taskStatusTable.IsRunning(_CLEAN_OLD_ARCHIVES) {
		return nil
	}
	taskStatusTable.Start(_CLEAN_OLD_ARCHIVES)
	defer taskStatusTable.Stop(_CLEAN_OLD_ARCHIVES)

	return x.Where("id > 0").Iterate(new(Repository),
		func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
			repo := bean.(*Repository)
			return os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(repo.RepoPath(), "archives"))
		})
}

func gatherMissingRepoRecords() ([]*Repository, error) {
	repos := make([]*Repository, 0, 10)
	if err := x.Where("id > 0").Iterate(new(Repository),
		func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
			repo := bean.(*Repository)
			if !com.IsDir(repo.RepoPath()) {
				repos = append(repos, repo)
			}
			return nil
		}); err != nil {
		if err2 := CreateRepositoryNotice(fmt.Sprintf("gatherMissingRepoRecords: %v", err)); err2 != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("CreateRepositoryNotice: %v", err)
		}
	}
	return repos, nil
}

// DeleteMissingRepositories deletes all repository records that lost Git files.
func DeleteMissingRepositories() error {
	repos, err := gatherMissingRepoRecords()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("gatherMissingRepoRecords: %v", err)
	}

	if len(repos) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	for _, repo := range repos {
		log.Trace("Deleting %d/%d...", repo.OwnerID, repo.ID)
		if err := DeleteRepository(repo.OwnerID, repo.ID); err != nil {
			if err2 := CreateRepositoryNotice(fmt.Sprintf("DeleteRepository [%d]: %v", repo.ID, err)); err2 != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("CreateRepositoryNotice: %v", err)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// ReinitMissingRepositories reinitializes all repository records that lost Git files.
func ReinitMissingRepositories() error {
	repos, err := gatherMissingRepoRecords()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("gatherMissingRepoRecords: %v", err)
	}

	if len(repos) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	for _, repo := range repos {
		log.Trace("Initializing %d/%d...", repo.OwnerID, repo.ID)
		if err := git.Init(repo.RepoPath(), git.InitOptions{Bare: true}); err != nil {
			if err2 := CreateRepositoryNotice(fmt.Sprintf("init repository [repo_id: %d]: %v", repo.ID, err)); err2 != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("create repository notice: %v", err)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// SyncRepositoryHooks rewrites all repositories' pre-receive, update and post-receive hooks
// to make sure the binary and custom conf path are up-to-date.
func SyncRepositoryHooks() error {
	return x.Where("id > 0").Iterate(new(Repository),
		func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
			repo := bean.(*Repository)
			if err := createDelegateHooks(repo.RepoPath()); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			if repo.HasWiki() {
				return createDelegateHooks(repo.WikiPath())
			}
			return nil
		})
}

// Prevent duplicate running tasks.
var taskStatusTable = sync.NewStatusTable()

const (
	_MIRROR_UPDATE      = "mirror_update"
	_GIT_FSCK           = "git_fsck"
	_CHECK_REPO_STATS   = "check_repos_stats"
	_CLEAN_OLD_ARCHIVES = "clean_old_archives"
)

// GitFsck calls 'git fsck' to check repository health.
func GitFsck() {
	if taskStatusTable.IsRunning(_GIT_FSCK) {
		return
	}
	taskStatusTable.Start(_GIT_FSCK)
	defer taskStatusTable.Stop(_GIT_FSCK)

	log.Trace("Doing: GitFsck")

	if err := x.Where("id>0").Iterate(new(Repository),
		func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
			repo := bean.(*Repository)
			repoPath := repo.RepoPath()
			err := git.Fsck(repoPath, git.FsckOptions{
				CommandOptions: git.CommandOptions{
					Args: conf.Cron.RepoHealthCheck.Args,
				},
				Timeout: conf.Cron.RepoHealthCheck.Timeout,
			})
			if err != nil {
				desc := fmt.Sprintf("Failed to perform health check on repository '%s': %v", repoPath, err)
				log.Warn(desc)
				if err = CreateRepositoryNotice(desc); err != nil {
					log.Error("CreateRepositoryNotice: %v", err)
				}
			}
			return nil
		}); err != nil {
		log.Error("GitFsck: %v", err)
	}
}

func GitGcRepos() error {
	args := append([]string{"gc"}, conf.Git.GCArgs...)
	return x.Where("id > 0").Iterate(new(Repository),
		func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
			repo := bean.(*Repository)
			if err := repo.GetOwner(); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			_, stderr, err := process.ExecDir(
				time.Duration(conf.Git.Timeout.GC)*time.Second,
				RepoPath(repo.Owner.Name, repo.Name), "Repository garbage collection",
				"git", args...)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", err, stderr)
			}
			return nil
		})
}

type repoChecker struct {
	querySQL, correctSQL string
	desc                 string
}

func repoStatsCheck(checker *repoChecker) {
	results, err := x.Query(checker.querySQL)
	if err != nil {
		log.Error("Select %s: %v", checker.desc, err)
		return
	}
	for _, result := range results {
		id := com.StrTo(result["id"]).MustInt64()
		log.Trace("Updating %s: %d", checker.desc, id)
		_, err = x.Exec(checker.correctSQL, id, id)
		if err != nil {
			log.Error("Update %s[%d]: %v", checker.desc, id, err)
		}
	}
}

func CheckRepoStats() {
	if taskStatusTable.IsRunning(_CHECK_REPO_STATS) {
		return
	}
	taskStatusTable.Start(_CHECK_REPO_STATS)
	defer taskStatusTable.Stop(_CHECK_REPO_STATS)

	log.Trace("Doing: CheckRepoStats")

	checkers := []*repoChecker{
		// Repository.NumWatches
		{
			"SELECT repo.id FROM `repository` repo WHERE repo.num_watches!=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `watch` WHERE repo_id=repo.id)",
			"UPDATE `repository` SET num_watches=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `watch` WHERE repo_id=?) WHERE id=?",
			"repository count 'num_watches'",
		},
		// Repository.NumStars
		{
			"SELECT repo.id FROM `repository` repo WHERE repo.num_stars!=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `star` WHERE repo_id=repo.id)",
			"UPDATE `repository` SET num_stars=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `star` WHERE repo_id=?) WHERE id=?",
			"repository count 'num_stars'",
		},
		// Label.NumIssues
		{
			"SELECT label.id FROM `label` WHERE label.num_issues!=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `issue_label` WHERE label_id=label.id)",
			"UPDATE `label` SET num_issues=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `issue_label` WHERE label_id=?) WHERE id=?",
			"label count 'num_issues'",
		},
		// User.NumRepos
		{
			"SELECT `user`.id FROM `user` WHERE `user`.num_repos!=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `repository` WHERE owner_id=`user`.id)",
			"UPDATE `user` SET num_repos=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `repository` WHERE owner_id=?) WHERE id=?",
			"user count 'num_repos'",
		},
		// Issue.NumComments
		{
			"SELECT `issue`.id FROM `issue` WHERE `issue`.num_comments!=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `comment` WHERE issue_id=`issue`.id AND type=0)",
			"UPDATE `issue` SET num_comments=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `comment` WHERE issue_id=? AND type=0) WHERE id=?",
			"issue count 'num_comments'",
		},
	}
	for i := range checkers {
		repoStatsCheck(checkers[i])
	}

	// ***** START: Repository.NumClosedIssues *****
	desc := "repository count 'num_closed_issues'"
	results, err := x.Query("SELECT repo.id FROM `repository` repo WHERE repo.num_closed_issues!=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `issue` WHERE repo_id=repo.id AND is_closed=? AND is_pull=?)", true, false)
	if err != nil {
		log.Error("Select %s: %v", desc, err)
	} else {
		for _, result := range results {
			id := com.StrTo(result["id"]).MustInt64()
			log.Trace("Updating %s: %d", desc, id)
			_, err = x.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_closed_issues=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `issue` WHERE repo_id=? AND is_closed=? AND is_pull=?) WHERE id=?", id, true, false, id)
			if err != nil {
				log.Error("Update %s[%d]: %v", desc, id, err)
			}
		}
	}
	// ***** END: Repository.NumClosedIssues *****

	// FIXME: use checker when stop supporting old fork repo format.
	// ***** START: Repository.NumForks *****
	results, err = x.Query("SELECT repo.id FROM `repository` repo WHERE repo.num_forks!=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `repository` WHERE fork_id=repo.id)")
	if err != nil {
		log.Error("Select repository count 'num_forks': %v", err)
	} else {
		for _, result := range results {
			id := com.StrTo(result["id"]).MustInt64()
			log.Trace("Updating repository count 'num_forks': %d", id)

			repo, err := GetRepositoryByID(id)
			if err != nil {
				log.Error("GetRepositoryByID[%d]: %v", id, err)
				continue
			}

			rawResult, err := x.Query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `repository` WHERE fork_id=?", repo.ID)
			if err != nil {
				log.Error("Select count of forks[%d]: %v", repo.ID, err)
				continue
			}
			repo.NumForks = int(parseCountResult(rawResult))

			if err = UpdateRepository(repo, false); err != nil {
				log.Error("UpdateRepository[%d]: %v", id, err)
				continue
			}
		}
	}
	// ***** END: Repository.NumForks *****
}

type RepositoryList []*Repository

func (repos RepositoryList) loadAttributes(e Engine) error {
	if len(repos) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	// Load owners
	userSet := make(map[int64]*User)
	for i := range repos {
		userSet[repos[i].OwnerID] = nil
	}
	userIDs := make([]int64, 0, len(userSet))
	for userID := range userSet {
		userIDs = append(userIDs, userID)
	}
	users := make([]*User, 0, len(userIDs))
	if err := e.Where("id > 0").In("id", userIDs).Find(&users); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("find users: %v", err)
	}
	for i := range users {
		userSet[users[i].ID] = users[i]
	}
	for i := range repos {
		repos[i].Owner = userSet[repos[i].OwnerID]
	}

	// Load base repositories
	repoSet := make(map[int64]*Repository)
	for i := range repos {
		if repos[i].IsFork {
			repoSet[repos[i].ForkID] = nil
		}
	}
	baseIDs := make([]int64, 0, len(repoSet))
	for baseID := range repoSet {
		baseIDs = append(baseIDs, baseID)
	}
	baseRepos := make([]*Repository, 0, len(baseIDs))
	if err := e.Where("id > 0").In("id", baseIDs).Find(&baseRepos); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("find base repositories: %v", err)
	}
	for i := range baseRepos {
		repoSet[baseRepos[i].ID] = baseRepos[i]
	}
	for i := range repos {
		if repos[i].IsFork {
			repos[i].BaseRepo = repoSet[repos[i].ForkID]
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (repos RepositoryList) LoadAttributes() error {
	return repos.loadAttributes(x)
}

type MirrorRepositoryList []*Repository

func (repos MirrorRepositoryList) loadAttributes(e Engine) error {
	if len(repos) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	// Load mirrors.
	repoIDs := make([]int64, 0, len(repos))
	for i := range repos {
		if !repos[i].IsMirror {
			continue
		}

		repoIDs = append(repoIDs, repos[i].ID)
	}
	mirrors := make([]*Mirror, 0, len(repoIDs))
	if err := e.Where("id > 0").In("repo_id", repoIDs).Find(&mirrors); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("find mirrors: %v", err)
	}

	set := make(map[int64]*Mirror)
	for i := range mirrors {
		set[mirrors[i].RepoID] = mirrors[i]
	}
	for i := range repos {
		repos[i].Mirror = set[repos[i].ID]
	}
	return nil
}

func (repos MirrorRepositoryList) LoadAttributes() error {
	return repos.loadAttributes(x)
}

//  __      __         __         .__
// /  \    /  \_____ _/  |_  ____ |  |__
// \   \/\/   /\__  \\   __\/ ___\|  |  \
//  \        /  / __ \|  | \  \___|   Y  \
//   \__/\  /  (____  /__|  \___  >___|  /
//        \/        \/          \/     \/

// Watch is connection request for receiving repository notification.
type Watch struct {
	ID     int64
	UserID int64 `xorm:"UNIQUE(watch)"`
	RepoID int64 `xorm:"UNIQUE(watch)"`
}

func isWatching(e Engine, userID, repoID int64) bool {
	has, _ := e.Get(&Watch{0, userID, repoID})
	return has
}

// IsWatching checks if user has watched given repository.
func IsWatching(userID, repoID int64) bool {
	return isWatching(x, userID, repoID)
}

func watchRepo(e Engine, userID, repoID int64, watch bool) (err error) {
	if watch {
		if isWatching(e, userID, repoID) {
			return nil
		}
		if _, err = e.Insert(&Watch{RepoID: repoID, UserID: userID}); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		_, err = e.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_watches = num_watches + 1 WHERE id = ?", repoID)
	} else {
		if !isWatching(e, userID, repoID) {
			return nil
		}
		if _, err = e.Delete(&Watch{0, userID, repoID}); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		_, err = e.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_watches = num_watches - 1 WHERE id = ?", repoID)
	}
	return err
}

// Watch or unwatch repository.
func WatchRepo(userID, repoID int64, watch bool) (err error) {
	return watchRepo(x, userID, repoID, watch)
}

func getWatchers(e Engine, repoID int64) ([]*Watch, error) {
	watches := make([]*Watch, 0, 10)
	return watches, e.Find(&watches, &Watch{RepoID: repoID})
}

// GetWatchers returns all watchers of given repository.
func GetWatchers(repoID int64) ([]*Watch, error) {
	return getWatchers(x, repoID)
}

// Repository.GetWatchers returns range of users watching given repository.
func (repo *Repository) GetWatchers(page int) ([]*User, error) {
	users := make([]*User, 0, ItemsPerPage)
	sess := x.Limit(ItemsPerPage, (page-1)*ItemsPerPage).Where("watch.repo_id=?", repo.ID)
	if conf.UsePostgreSQL {
		sess = sess.Join("LEFT", "watch", `"user".id=watch.user_id`)
	} else {
		sess = sess.Join("LEFT", "watch", "user.id=watch.user_id")
	}
	return users, sess.Find(&users)
}

func notifyWatchers(e Engine, act *Action) error {
	// Add feeds for user self and all watchers.
	watchers, err := getWatchers(e, act.RepoID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("getWatchers: %v", err)
	}

	// Reset ID to reuse Action object
	act.ID = 0

	// Add feed for actioner.
	act.UserID = act.ActUserID
	if _, err = e.Insert(act); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("insert new action: %v", err)
	}

	for i := range watchers {
		if act.ActUserID == watchers[i].UserID {
			continue
		}

		act.ID = 0
		act.UserID = watchers[i].UserID
		if _, err = e.Insert(act); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("insert new action: %v", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// NotifyWatchers creates batch of actions for every watcher.
func NotifyWatchers(act *Action) error {
	return notifyWatchers(x, act)
}

//   _________ __
//  /   _____//  |______ _______
//  \_____  \\   __\__  \\_  __ \
//  /        \|  |  / __ \|  | \/
// /_______  /|__| (____  /__|
//         \/           \/

type Star struct {
	ID     int64
	UID    int64 `xorm:"UNIQUE(s)"`
	RepoID int64 `xorm:"UNIQUE(s)"`
}

// Star or unstar repository.
func StarRepo(userID, repoID int64, star bool) (err error) {
	if star {
		if IsStaring(userID, repoID) {
			return nil
		}
		if _, err = x.Insert(&Star{UID: userID, RepoID: repoID}); err != nil {
			return err
		} else if _, err = x.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_stars = num_stars + 1 WHERE id = ?", repoID); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		_, err = x.Exec("UPDATE `user` SET num_stars = num_stars + 1 WHERE id = ?", userID)
	} else {
		if !IsStaring(userID, repoID) {
			return nil
		}
		if _, err = x.Delete(&Star{0, userID, repoID}); err != nil {
			return err
		} else if _, err = x.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_stars = num_stars - 1 WHERE id = ?", repoID); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		_, err = x.Exec("UPDATE `user` SET num_stars = num_stars - 1 WHERE id = ?", userID)
	}
	return err
}

// IsStaring checks if user has starred given repository.
func IsStaring(userID, repoID int64) bool {
	has, _ := x.Get(&Star{0, userID, repoID})
	return has
}

func (repo *Repository) GetStargazers(page int) ([]*User, error) {
	users := make([]*User, 0, ItemsPerPage)
	sess := x.Limit(ItemsPerPage, (page-1)*ItemsPerPage).Where("star.repo_id=?", repo.ID)
	if conf.UsePostgreSQL {
		sess = sess.Join("LEFT", "star", `"user".id=star.uid`)
	} else {
		sess = sess.Join("LEFT", "star", "user.id=star.uid")
	}
	return users, sess.Find(&users)
}

// ___________           __
// \_   _____/__________|  | __
//  |    __)/  _ \_  __ \  |/ /
//  |     \(  <_> )  | \/    <
//  \___  / \____/|__|  |__|_ \
//      \/                   \/

// HasForkedRepo checks if given user has already forked a repository.
// When user has already forked, it returns true along with the repository.
func HasForkedRepo(ownerID, repoID int64) (*Repository, bool, error) {
	repo := new(Repository)
	has, err := x.Where("owner_id = ? AND fork_id = ?", ownerID, repoID).Get(repo)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, false, err
	} else if !has {
		return nil, false, nil
	}
	return repo, true, repo.LoadAttributes()
}

// ForkRepository creates a fork of target repository under another user domain.
func ForkRepository(doer, owner *User, baseRepo *Repository, name, desc string) (_ *Repository, err error) {
	if !owner.CanCreateRepo() {
		return nil, ErrReachLimitOfRepo{Limit: owner.RepoCreationNum()}
	}

	repo := &Repository{
		OwnerID:       owner.ID,
		Owner:         owner,
		Name:          name,
		LowerName:     strings.ToLower(name),
		Description:   desc,
		DefaultBranch: baseRepo.DefaultBranch,
		IsPrivate:     baseRepo.IsPrivate,
		IsUnlisted:    baseRepo.IsUnlisted,
		IsFork:        true,
		ForkID:        baseRepo.ID,
	}

	sess := x.NewSession()
	defer sess.Close()
	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err = createRepository(sess, doer, owner, repo); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	} else if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_forks=num_forks+1 WHERE id=?", baseRepo.ID); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	repoPath := repo.repoPath(sess)
	RemoveAllWithNotice("Repository path erase before creation", repoPath)

	_, stderr, err := process.ExecTimeout(10*time.Minute,
		fmt.Sprintf("ForkRepository 'git clone': %s/%s", owner.Name, repo.Name),
		"git", "clone", "--bare", baseRepo.RepoPath(), repoPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("git clone: %v - %s", err, stderr)
	}

	_, stderr, err = process.ExecDir(-1,
		repoPath, fmt.Sprintf("ForkRepository 'git update-server-info': %s", repoPath),
		"git", "update-server-info")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("git update-server-info: %v - %s", err, stderr)
	}

	if err = createDelegateHooks(repoPath); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("createDelegateHooks: %v", err)
	}

	if err = sess.Commit(); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Commit: %v", err)
	}

	if err = repo.UpdateSize(); err != nil {
		log.Error("UpdateSize [repo_id: %d]: %v", repo.ID, err)
	}
	if err = PrepareWebhooks(baseRepo, HOOK_EVENT_FORK, &api.ForkPayload{
		Forkee: repo.APIFormat(nil),
		Repo:   baseRepo.APIFormat(nil),
		Sender: doer.APIFormat(),
	}); err != nil {
		log.Error("PrepareWebhooks [repo_id: %d]: %v", baseRepo.ID, err)
	}
	return repo, nil
}

func (repo *Repository) GetForks() ([]*Repository, error) {
	forks := make([]*Repository, 0, repo.NumForks)
	if err := x.Find(&forks, &Repository{ForkID: repo.ID}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	for _, fork := range forks {
		fork.BaseRepo = repo
	}
	return forks, nil
}

// __________                             .__
// \______   \____________    ____   ____ |  |__
//  |    |  _/\_  __ \__  \  /    \_/ ___\|  |  \
//  |    |   \ |  | \// __ \|   |  \  \___|   Y  \
//  |______  / |__|  (____  /___|  /\___  >___|  /
//         \/             \/     \/     \/     \/
//

func (repo *Repository) CreateNewBranch(oldBranch, newBranch string) (err error) {
	repoWorkingPool.CheckIn(com.ToStr(repo.ID))
	defer repoWorkingPool.CheckOut(com.ToStr(repo.ID))

	localPath := repo.LocalCopyPath()

	if err = discardLocalRepoBranchChanges(localPath, oldBranch); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("discard changes in local copy [path: %s, branch: %s]: %v", localPath, oldBranch, err)
	} else if err = repo.UpdateLocalCopyBranch(oldBranch); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("update branch for local copy [path: %s, branch: %s]: %v", localPath, oldBranch, err)
	}

	if err = repo.CheckoutNewBranch(oldBranch, newBranch); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("create new branch [base: %s, new: %s]: %v", oldBranch, newBranch, err)
	}

	if err = git.Push(localPath, "origin", newBranch); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("push [branch: %s]: %v", newBranch, err)
	}

	return nil
}

// Deprecated: Use Perms.SetRepoPerms instead.
func (repo *Repository) refreshAccesses(e Engine, accessMap map[int64]AccessMode) (err error) {
	newAccesses := make([]Access, 0, len(accessMap))
	for userID, mode := range accessMap {
		newAccesses = append(newAccesses, Access{
			UserID: userID,
			RepoID: repo.ID,
			Mode:   mode,
		})
	}

	// Delete old accesses and insert new ones for repository.
	if _, err = e.Delete(&Access{RepoID: repo.ID}); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("delete old accesses: %v", err)
	} else if _, err = e.Insert(newAccesses); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("insert new accesses: %v", err)
	}
	return nil
}

// refreshCollaboratorAccesses retrieves repository collaborations with their access modes.
func (repo *Repository) refreshCollaboratorAccesses(e Engine, accessMap map[int64]AccessMode) error {
	collaborations, err := repo.getCollaborations(e)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("getCollaborations: %v", err)
	}
	for _, c := range collaborations {
		accessMap[c.UserID] = c.Mode
	}
	return nil
}

// recalculateTeamAccesses recalculates new accesses for teams of an organization
// except the team whose ID is given. It is used to assign a team ID when
// remove repository from that team.
func (repo *Repository) recalculateTeamAccesses(e Engine, ignTeamID int64) (err error) {
	accessMap := make(map[int64]AccessMode, 20)

	if err = repo.getOwner(e); err != nil {
		return err
	} else if !repo.Owner.IsOrganization() {
		return fmt.Errorf("owner is not an organization: %d", repo.OwnerID)
	}

	if err = repo.refreshCollaboratorAccesses(e, accessMap); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("refreshCollaboratorAccesses: %v", err)
	}

	if err = repo.Owner.getTeams(e); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	maxAccessMode := func(modes ...AccessMode) AccessMode {
		max := AccessModeNone
		for _, mode := range modes {
			if mode > max {
				max = mode
			}
		}
		return max
	}

	for _, t := range repo.Owner.Teams {
		if t.ID == ignTeamID {
			continue
		}

		// Owner team gets owner access, and skip for teams that do not
		// have relations with repository.
		if t.IsOwnerTeam() {
			t.Authorize = AccessModeOwner
		} else if !t.hasRepository(e, repo.ID) {
			continue
		}

		if err = t.getMembers(e); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("getMembers '%d': %v", t.ID, err)
		}
		for _, m := range t.Members {
			accessMap[m.ID] = maxAccessMode(accessMap[m.ID], t.Authorize)
		}
	}

	return repo.refreshAccesses(e, accessMap)
}

func (repo *Repository) recalculateAccesses(e Engine) error {
	if repo.Owner.IsOrganization() {
		return repo.recalculateTeamAccesses(e, 0)
	}

	accessMap := make(map[int64]AccessMode, 10)
	if err := repo.refreshCollaboratorAccesses(e, accessMap); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("refreshCollaboratorAccesses: %v", err)
	}
	return repo.refreshAccesses(e, accessMap)
}

// RecalculateAccesses recalculates all accesses for repository.
func (repo *Repository) RecalculateAccesses() error {
	return repo.recalculateAccesses(x)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Top Storey Lofts carry out loft conversions in Sedgefield, and we pride ourselves on high quality craftsmanship and first class customer care, we strive to build you a cost effective bespoke loft conversion to achieve its greatest potential in your home, both efficiency and minimal inconvenience to your daily home life, guaranteed. Call Top Storey today !
Top Storey Lofts are leaders in the loft conversion industry with over 25 years experience, with the involvement of over 1000's of conversions to date, Top Storey Lofts are probably the most experienced loft conversion company operating in Sedgefield, from standard conventional & truss rafter conversions to total roof lift conversion's, we have a passionate work ethic that shows clearly in the results we do achieve.
Whether it's a velux or dormer loft conversion you are looking to have carried out, now is the best time to do so, mainly due to the recent changes to the planning laws made by the government. Most loft conversions these days are now considered as permitted development, therefore do not require planning permission, provided certain criteria's are met, which in turn will save you money as you will not have to submit a planning application. For more information or advice on a loft conversion in Sedgefield, please get in touch with Top Storey today on 01642 679317 or at info@topstoreyloftconversions.co.uk.
If you wish to view the Sedgefield building regulations then please click here.
Areas we cover in County Durham: Barnard Castle, Bishop Auckland, Chester le Street, Consett, Coxhoe, Crook, Darlington, Easington, Ferryhill, Greatham, Hartlepool, Lanchester, Murton, Newton Aycliffe, Peterlee, Seaham, Shildon, Spennymoor, Stanley, Stanhope, Trimdon, Tow Law, Wingate, Willington, and Wolsingham.


text:
ELLICSR Healthy-Steps group: Winners of the 2015 Healthy-Steps Dance Contest
HomeConnect With ELLICSRELLICSR NewsletterELLICSR Healthy-Steps group: Winners of the 2015 Healthy-Steps Dance Contest
By: Barbara Jenkins, CPTN-CPT, CLM
Healthy-Steps includes fun stretches and dance moves set to music in a healing exercise program designed to help you thrive.
Last month, we were delighted to receive the longawaited news that the ELLICSR Healthy-Steps group's entry was chosen as one of the five winners of the 2015 Healthy-Steps dance contest. I chose a Kokomo by the Beach Boys back in the New Year and choreographed a line dance routine to it. The group practiced the dance through the winter and finally, we had it videotaped in March.
"Kokomo" was such amazing fun to record. On a cold winter's day, we dressed up in beach clothes, and with the backdrop of the home-made palm trees and a friendly parrot, we really did feel like we were all transported to a "place called Kokomo"!
At some points in the verses we had to "feel the water" which made us imagine being even closer to the warm blue Caribbean.
It has been a rather stellar year for ELLICSR's Healthy-Steps group. In January, I learned that our song, "Do Healthy-Steps" was the winner of the one-time only Healthy-Steps song contest. It has become the official program song in perpetuity and will be sung at conferences, workshops and classes around the world!
Special thanks go to Julian Cardozo and Natasha Icliates from the Web & Digital department at ELLICSR. Their incredible techno wizardry and patience during the video shoot made all of this possible. As always, I would also like to thank my co-facilitator, Stephanie Phan for lending her wonderful support, guidance and enthusiasm to this venture.
If you are interested in being part of this fun exercise program, you can pick up registration packages at ELLICSR reception, from the Survivorship Centre on Level 2 in the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre or from the Patient & Family Library on the main floor of Princess Margaret. Healthy-Steps runs on Wednesdays from 12:00 till 1:00.
Please call Barbara at 416-505-5578 for further information.
"Do Healthy-Steps each week and it will make you smile, smile, smile…"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Being curious about how things work, especially the mind. Asking why at every turn. Lots of things usually just happen. We are not the instruments which dictate most of what goes on. Keeping this in mind, whether winning or losing, being open to the experience.
"If" by Rudyard Kipling raises issues we all face. Written in 1910 it does echo some societal beliefs of the time; don't take those points too literally. The themes are responsibility, response rather than react, life values… every line has a world of consideration. Kipling is highlighting the nature of things: "If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew, To serve your turn long after they are gone," just as Elio's father does: "if there is pain, nurse it. And if there is a flame, don't snuff it out.." .
Trying to not let the bad things get in the way of your curiosity. Minimise the unhelpful. Being curious how things work. These traits allow us to learn to avoid the traps of overreacting to the crazy things happening. When we have knowledge we can be creative and try out different ways to think about things.
Sadness and gladness (If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster, And treat those two impostors just the same;…) run alongside each other with every breath we take. The moment there is wanting something there is yearning and uncertainty… will it be gotten? Get it and there is gladness but soon enough, fear of losing it will eat away at the joy. Then when it's lost sadness and grieving take over. Now uncertainty raises it's influence. When thinking about uncertainty we can see it accompanies nearly every stage of the journey.
Our experiences are interpreted according to our outlook, education and consequent knowledge Our education is usually not designed to teach us to interpret and think about things so we have to learn to do that ourselves. If our parents are clever, they will provide us with an endless supply of influencers; friends and visitors to the home bringing in ideas from all quarters. Books and visits to galleries and concerts.
Film nights and loads of talking around the table.
The educated mind can only want more stimulation. Each new thought springs forth myriads of possibilities for the enquiring mind. Elio's family is a prime example of this. We can't all have what Elio had but we can always encourage our friends, children, partners, ourselves to experiment and try the new. Seeing what makes things work is an antidote to the poison and rot of TV and the craziness of social media.
The Kadashians are probably lowering the average IQ of the world's citizens as we read. Hilariously this book is written as an accompaniment for the clinic, even thorugh many people admit they rarely read. Some will agree to reading blogs and news on their phones. But a book? A rare sight these days. Till we start seeing people with books in their hands as they go about their day we may face a limited influence for introducing new ideas and processes. Luckily we do have podcasts and films and plays and music.


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Marketplace and political reactions to short term manipulations of activist funds
For previous Forum attention to some of the issues addressed in the article below, see the "Stock Buyback Policy" section of the reference page for the Forum's 2014 project reviewing a buyback controversy. For plans to initiate a new program on the subject, see the March 18, 2016 Forum Report: Inviting Proposals of Candidates for Analysis of Stock Buyback Policies.
Source: Financial Times, March 29, 2016 article
Activist hedge funds found wanting in essential tasks
US hedge funds not fulfilling function of making profits and helping wider investor community
© EPA
[march 29, 2016] by: Stephen Foley in New York and Miles Johnson in London
US lawmakers including Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders are supporting a new bill that aims to curb activist hedge funds, but it seems that financial markets are already taking the wind out of activists' sails without them.
While concern about whether activists exacerbate corporate short-termism has now reached Capitol Hill, it has been building for some time among the wider shareholder community.
Activist hedge funds have been on site at an accumulating number of corporate disasters, of which the plunging share price of Valeant Pharmaceuticals is just the latest.
By urging companies to improve their returns to shareholders, these activists are supposed to benefit the wider investor community at the same time as making fat profits for their own funds — but on both counts they have often been found wanting.
"Activism is a credibility game," says Alper Ince, an investor in hedge funds at fund of funds group Paamco. "You have to have credibility with management and a good reputation. At the end of the day this is also a stock picking strategy, so if your batting average goes down with bad picks then it will become more difficult to convince the market of your view."
Last week, Valeant, a company effectively built by the activist fund ValueAct, repudiated its entire corporate culture as one where "the tone at the top of the organisation and the performance-based environment … may have been contributing factors resulting in the company's improper revenue recognition".
It is not the first time that activists have been blamed for pushing companies to enhance short-term shareholder value at the expense of the long term. Between 2012 and 2014, ADT, the alarms business, bought back more than $2bn in stock, partly at the behest of activist fund Corvex; the buybacks were followed by a profit warning that the company blamed on its failure to match rivals' investment in marketing.
Corvex got $44 per share selling back the bulk of its stake to the company before the profit warning, a share price the company has never seen since.
More recently, LPL Financial, a stockbroking business, went on a debt-funded buyback spree under pressure from Marcato Capital, which is run by Mick McGuire, a protégé of Bill Ackman, only to see its shares crash 40 per cent this year as faltering earnings prompted concerns about its debt load.
The debacles risk robbing activists of one of the things that gives them their edge: their reputation for adding shareholder value.
Activist funds lost 9 per cent, after fees, in the year to February 29, according to HFR, and have returned just 2.8 per cent a year over the past three years, a period when the broader stock market returned an annualised 10.8 per cent. The industry's biggest stars dimmed: Daniel Loeb's activist portfolio lost 3 per cent in 2015; Carl Icahn lost 18 per cent; and Mr Ackman suffered a 20 per cent meltdown last year that has only worsened in the opening months of this year.
The reaction has been swift. For the first time since the financial crisis, investors pulled money out of activist funds in the fourth quarter of 2015, a net $1.5bn, about 1 per cent of their total assets, and there is an expectation that this year's first-quarter figure could be even worse.
Anthony Scaramucci, founder of the fund of hedge funds company SkyBridge Capital, reduced his company's investments with several high-profile funds late last year when it became clear that profits were no longer rolling in, despite an apparently benign environment for activism.
"The activists over the past 24 months have had only tailwinds," Mr Scaramucci said. "There has been tons of cash on S&P 500 balance sheets, near-zero interest rates and all the positive rules in the Dodd-Frank act that improved minority shareholder rights and allowed activists to exert more power over companies. They had these huge tailwinds and yet they did not do well."
The so-called Brokaw Bill introduced on Capitol Hill earlier this month is designed to add some headwinds. It is named after the little Wisconsin town where locals blame the closure of a paper mill by Wausau Paper on pressure from activist fund Starboard Value.
"We cannot allow our economy to be hijacked by a small group of investors who seek only to enrich themselves at the expense of workers, taxpayers and communities," said Tammy Baldwin, the Democratic representative who has co-authored the proposed legislation.
The bill aims to make life harder for activist hedge funds by forcing them to disclose their stakebuilding and derivatives positions more quickly — within two days of hitting a 5 per cent stake, rather than the current 10 days — and limiting their ability to work with other funds.
For the time being, the bill has received little traction beyond the core group of liberals who signed up earlier this month, but that might not matter. The skies are getting darker for activists regardless.
"This is an unforgiving industry," says Paamco's Mr Ince. "Making mistakes can lead to massive outflows."
Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2016.


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TEPCO execs 'should face poverty' over Fukushima
AFP , Monday 26 Mar 2012
Lawyer for shareholders suing Japanese Fukushima operator TEPCO for $68 billion says executives should be held accountable for meltdown
A lawyer representing shareholders suing Fukushima nuclear plant operator TEPCO for $68 billion said Monday the company's executives should be prepared for misery and poverty to make amends.
Hiroyuki Kawai, who is leading 42 shareholders in their bid for compensation from Tokyo Electric Power Company for negligence over the tsunami-sparked disaster at the plant, said senior managers must be made to pay.
"Warnings have to be issued that, if you make wrong decisions or do wrong, you must compensate with your own money," Kawai told a press conference.
"You may have to sell your house. You may have to spend your retirement years in misery. In Japan, nothing can be resolved and no progress can be made without assigning personal responsibility."
The lawsuit, which is demanding a record 5.5 trillion yen, claims that 27 current and former executives of TEPCO ignored warnings by researchers about the possible damage to the Fukushima Daiichi plant that a huge earthquake and tsunami could cause.
The Fukushima crisis might have been prevented, had TEPCO taken the research seriously and carried out simple preventative measures, such as placing an emergency power source on higher ground, Kawai said.
Reactors at the plant were sent into meltdown when huge waves swamped their cooling systems following the March quake.
Radiation leaked over a large area, forcing tens of thousands of people from their homes and rendering vast areas unfarmable.
No one from TEPCO has been arrested and there is no active criminal investigation into the case, despite a number of inquiries that found serious shortcomings in the company's emergency safety procedures.
TEPCO declined to immediately comment on the ongoing civil case.