text:
Religious groups working for peace and love
15 Saturday Oct 2016
Grand Imam, interfaith, justice, Olav Fykse Tveit, peace, The Huffington Post, World Council of Churches
Switzerland, Geneva, 30 September 2016
The Grand Imam of Cairo's Al-Azhar mosque and university, Prof. Dr Ahmad al-Tayyeb, visited today the World Council of Churches to participate in high-level dialogue on interreligious peacemaking.
"Religious groups working for peace and love" was originally published on the World Council of Churches' site, "Pilgrimage of Peace and Justice".
It is now reposted on the Huffington Post.
Teenagers pose lots of challenges for any parent. Emotional, rebellious, and subject to inevitable pressures, it is undoubtedly difficult to raise children who are transitioning from becoming children to adults. I am in this situation—I have three. As I reflect on their growing into individualized people, I can only hope that, once they embark on their respective paths, they live in a society that is peaceful and accepting.
One of the ways we can approach peace is to be in dialogue with one another. One of my motives for writing my book Embracing the Other, was to unravel some of the fears we may have of the Other and to break down the walls that segregate us. This can be done through listening and understanding each other.
Religions have been one of the forces in creating division. We tend to be afraid and anxious of the faces of strangers—people who are unfamiliar. Our personal faiths tend to prevent us from loving one another and tend to alienate one from the other.
But there are religious groups who are trying to build understanding and welcoming of each other. The World Council of Churches (WCC) has been working toward that end, striving for acceptance of one faith by another.
The WCC is an ecumenical body of many different Christian denominations from virtually all bands of the spectrum who began to work toward building ecumenical understanding and Christian fellowship in 1948. The WCC brings together 348 member churches, including the Anglican Communion, the Assyrian Church of the East, most jurisdictions of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Old Catholic Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, most mainline Protestant churches (such as Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist and Reformed) and some evangelical Protestant churches (such as Baptist and Pentecostal).
The WCC sees itself and its member churches as on a pilgrimage of justice and peace, exploring how religions have a responsibility to be peace builders in our society. During this anxious time elections in the United States, people around the world are watching with curiosity, concern, and fear.
They understand that the rhetoric Donald Trump is using to build a bigger wall between the United States and Mexico is a narrative of separation and racism rather than communion. Trump's desire to bar Muslims from entry into the United States is also feeding our Islamophobia and xenophobia. Americans cannot live in fear of the other and still expect to be at ease with the rest of the world community. We need to learn how we can be good, kind, and loving toward our neighbors.
In light of the desire to engage in dialogue, the WCC invited the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar to the Ecumenical Center to a dialogue on peace. The chief cleric of Cairo's prestigious Al-Azhar mosque and university, Prof. Dr Ahmad al-Tayyeb gave a public lecture and participated in high-level talks on interreligious peacemaking. Al-Tayyeb was chosen in 2010 as Grand Imam of the Al Azhar mosque in Cairo and is an advocate for religious dialogue and peace.
He is a strong critic of religious extremism. In 2016, he made a historic visit to the Vatican to meet with Pope Francis, and he visited Paris six months after terrorist attacks in that city.
The WCC general secretary, Rev. Dr. Olav Fykse Tveit, stated, "We are honored to welcome one of the world's highest-ranking and most influential Muslim leaders to Geneva, and I very much look forward to his lecture and to sharing views with him on the many challenges that we as religious persons and leaders face together".
Dialogue like this, between Christians and Muslims, makes me realize that we have much more in common than others may believe, based on superficial differences. The Grand Imam emphasized that the word Islam comes from the word Peace. Peace is one of God's names. God's name is merciful, full of love.
Muslims are people who do not believe in injustice against non-Muslims. They are against terrorism. They do not promote acts of shedding blood. Islam is about peace, and they want to build peace between religious leaders and their flocks.
"Religion should give people hope," Tveit said. "We are not only accountable to the texts as expressions of the Word of God," he said. "We are also accountable for how we use them (or abuse them) in sharing them with the fellow human beings of today who need hope for tomorrow".
The Grand Imam reminded us that the Qur'an requires Muslims to have good relations with their neighbors. We are a global family. Our lives are intertwined. We must claim hope in the midst of diversity.
When God asks Cain, "Where is your brother?" Cain replies, "Am I my brothers' keeper?" Yes, he was supposed to protect and love his brother. To have peace in the world, we must engage in dialogue with one another and provide our common ground to work for peace.
In our competitive and globalizing world, it is more important than ever to work toward peace. There is a stronger need for formal rules to work and build harmony in this nation. This is not an issue of tolerance; it is the issue of welcoming the stranger. Jesus said, "Whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me" (Matthew 25:40).
As my children get older, I want to ensure that the world we leave behind will not be a world of fear, intolerance, hate, and walls. I want to ensure a world of peace, even with those who are most alien to us. We need to remember that all human beings are created in the image of God and religions should never be used to justify violence. We need to demand engagement in paving a road of peace and love for our children, who will live in a ever-more connected world.
PETER WILLIAMS/WCC
Grace Ji-Sun Kim is an Associate Professor of Theology at Earlham School of Religion. She is the author of Embracing the Other; Making Peace with the Earth;Here I Am;Christian Doctrines for Global Gender Justiceco-edited with Jenny Daggers;Theological Reflections on "Gangnam Style"co-written with Joseph Cheah;Reimagining with Christian Doctrines co-edited with Jenny Daggers;Contemplations from the Heart;Colonialism, Han and the Transformative Spirit;The Holy Spirit, Chi, and the Other; and The Grace of Sophia. She is a co-editor with Dr. Joseph Cheah for the Palgrave Macmillan Book Series, "Asian Christianity in Diaspora".


text:
PART - A: GENERAL ABILITY TEST
SELECTING WORDS
Directions for the following 10 (ten) items: Each of the following items in this section has a sentence with a blank space and four words or groups of words given after the sentence. Select whichever word or group of words you consider most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
1. I _____ you to be at the party this evening.
(a) look forward to (b) hope
(c) expect (d) think
2. When I met John yesterday, it was the first time I _____ him since Christmas.
(a) saw (b) have seen
(c) had seen (d) have been seeing
3. He _____ to listen to my arguments and walked away.
(a) denied (b) disliked
(c) prevented (d) refused
4. The flow of blood was so________ that the patient died.
(a) intense (b) adequate
(c) profuse (d) extensive
5. You have never _____ me about your experiences in America.
(a) said (b) told
(c) explained (d) spoken
6. I always felt hungry _____ I heard the dinner bell.
(a) as much as (b) as well as
(c) as soon as (d) as close as
7. Although they took every precaution, they could not _____ the accident.
(a) defer (b) allow
(c) avoid (d) block
8. The ambitious nobleman _____ to marry the king's daughter.
(a) transpired (b) perspired
(c) aspired (d) expired
9. The dictator of that country was a monster of wickedness, insatiable in his _____ for blood and plunder.
(a) idea (b) vision
(c) lust (d) intention
10. Please don't give me any more, I have had _____ .
(a) few (b) too
(c) little (d) little
Directions for the following 5 (five) items: In this section, each item consists of a sentence with a word underlined and is followed by four words. Select the word that is most opposite in meaning to the underlined word and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet accordingly.
11. My first lecture in the classroom was a fiasco.
(a) success (b) joy
(c) fun (d) disaster
12. It was indeed arduous to cross streets in New York.
(a) pleasant (b) effortless
(c) interesting (d) risky
13. Unlike his brother, he is affable.
(a) reserved (b) gullible
(c) irritable (d) lovable
14. The birth of his child decidedly proved to be an auspicious event in his life.
(a) precious (b) ominous
(c) useless (d) unforgettable
15. The witness corroborated word for word the statement of the victim.
(a) accepted (b) confirmed
(c) denied (d) repeated
Directions for the following 5 (five) items: In this section, each item consists of a sentence with a word underlined and is followed by four words or groups of words. Select the word or group of words that is most similar in meaning to the underlined word and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet accordingly.
16. It is unwise to sever diplomatic relations with a neighbouring country over small matters.
(a) engage (b) estrange
(c) cut off (d) twist
17. Bad tendencies are to be countered by good ones until all that is evil disappears.
(a) Opposed (b) balanced
(c) reduced (d) bypassed
18. The police fired indiscriminately at the crowd, killing many innocent women and children.
(a) continuously (b) without distinguishing
(c) foolishly (d) rapidly
19. Businessmen who lack acumen cannot be expected to be very successful.
(a) fairness (b) sharpness
(c) boldness (d) righteousness
20. His candid opinions have won him many friends.
(a) kind (b) courteous
(c) generous (d) frank
Directions for the following 10 (ten) items: In this section, look at the underlined part of each sentence. Below each sentence, are given three possible substitutions for the underlined part. If one of them (a), (b) or (c) is better than the underlined part, indicate your response on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter (a), (b) or (c). If none of the substitutions improves the sentence, indicate (d) as your response on the Answer Sheet. Thus a 'No improvement' response will be signified by the letter (d).
21. disliked him not so much for his meanness but for his dishonesty.
(a) as for (b) but because
(c) but due to (d) No improvement
22. He preferred death rather than imprisonment.
(a) for (b) to
(c) than (d) No improvement
23. They kept the idea secretly.
(a) secretive (b) secret
(c) secretively (d) No improvement
24. He ought not to tell me your secret, but he did.
(a) telling (b) have told
(c) having told (d) No improvement
25. If I don't know the meaning of a word, I look it after in the dictionary.
(a) look it out (b) look it for
(c) look it up (d) No improvement
26. Mr. and Mrs. Rao stay in their home every evening.
(a) at home (b) inside home
(c) within their home (d) No improvement
27. When we saw him last, he ran to catch a bus.
(a) has run had run
(c) was running (d) No improvement
28. She cut a sad figure in her first performance on the stage.
(a) made a sorry figure (b) cut a sorry face
(c) cut a sorry figure (d) No improvement
29. Last evening I went to the optician and bought spectacles.
(a) a spectacle (b) two spectacles
(c) a pair of spectacles (d) No improvement
30. I would like to avail a fifteen days' holiday this summer.
(a) to avail of (b) to avail myself of
(c) to avail myself (d) No improvement
Directions for the following 5 (five) items: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined parts labelled (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response in the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
31. I can fly (a) if l will be (b) a bird (c). No error (d)
32. As soon as (a) the train arrived (b) the passengers entered the compartments (c). No error. (d)
33. Never (a) I have (b) seen such a town. (c) No error. (d)
34. He goes to his office (a) by bicycle (b) every day (c). No error (d).
35. Far from being appreciated, (a) his conduct was discussed (b) and sharply commented. (c) No error (d).
Directions for the following 6 (six) items: In this section, you have two short passages. Read the passages and answer the items that follow. You are required to select your answers based on the contents of the passage and opinion of the author only.
Passage – 1
We had just passed Tenali, where I roused myself in order to hear the name of the station. As I was falling asleep again, a violent jolt shot me into the arms of somebody in the seat opposite. The engine with one wheel broken was lying across the track and beside it was the luggage van, likewise, derailed. Groaning, wheezing, gasping, sputtering in its death agony, the engine was like a fallen horse which, snorting, trembling in every limb, its flanks heaving, its chest labouring, seems incapable of making the smallest effort to struggle on to its legs again.
36. The author had roused himself as he wanted to
(a) get off (b) meet someone
(c) know the name of the station
(d) keep himself awake
37. The engine stopped because
(a) the driver had stopped it
(b) one of the wheels was broken
(c) there was a halting place
(d) there was no fuel
38. The engine is compared to a fallen horse because
(a) it was groaning like a horse
(b) it was lying across the track
(c) it could make no effort to stand upright
(d) it had a broken wheel
I was beginning to tire a little now. I had been cutting steps continuously for two hours, and Tenzing, too, was moving very slowly. As I chipped steps around still another comer, I wondered rather dully just how long we could keep it up. Our original zest had now quite gone and it was turning more into a grim struggle. I then realized that the ridge ahead, instead of still monotonously rising, now dropped sharply away, and far below I could see the North Col and Rongbuk glacier. I looked upwards to see a narrow ridge running up to a snowy summit. A few more whacks of the ice-axe in the firm snow and we stood on top.
39. Which of the following is the most appropriate description of the area in which the narrator had been moving?
(a) A steep rocky slope
⦁ A peak with a flight of steps
⦁ A high' peak covered with snow
⦁ A long ridge
40. 'I had been cutting steps continuously for two hours' suggests that
(a) the climber was unskilled in the art of making steps
⦁ he had to cut the steps out of snow before climbing up which was necessarily a slow process
⦁ the slowness was caused by the fact that as soon as he cut the steps they were again covered with snow
⦁ he had to work suspended from a ledge
41. 'It was turning more into a grim struggle' would mean
(a) that after the long exertion he was . feeling so weak that any further climbing meant a hard struggle with the forces of nature
⦁ that Tenzing was making the task more difficult
⦁ that strong cold wind was pushing him down from above and that he had to struggle with tire forces of nature
⦁ that he was in a mood to give up ultimately
ORDERING OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE
Directions for the following 9 (nine) items: Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence the parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
42. Farm workers (P) spend (Q) outdoors (R) most of their time (S)
(a) PQRS (b) P R Q S
(c) P Q S R (d) R P Q S
43. He (P) shuffled the papers (Q) in a (R) drawer together (S)
(a) P Q S R (b) P Q RS
(c) P S Q R (d) RS P Q
44. Do you think (P) will (Q) this soap (R) shrink woollen clothes. (S)
(a) P Q R S (b) P R Q S
(c) Q R P S (d) Q P R S
45. We advised (P) the hijackers to surrender (Q) to the police (R) themselves (S)
46. Sports cars (P) appeal (Q) to some motorists only (R) with noisy exhausts (S)
47. He (P) almost (Q) planned the entire strategy of operation (R) single-handed (S)
(a) R S P Q (b) P R Q S
(c) S Q R P (d) Q P S R
48. She has (P) more (Q) intelligence (R) than we suspected her to possess (S)
(a) P Q S R (b) P R Q S
(c) P S Q R (d) P Q R S
49. They (P) should implant (Q) in the minds of young children (R) sound principles (S)
(a) P Q R S (b) PQSR
(c) R P Q S (d) P R Q S
50. When I was a student (P) I learnt swimming at the age of 15 (Q) of class X (R) in a government school (S)
(c) Q P R S (d) Q S P R
PART-B
51. Which one of the following devices changes low voltage alternating current to high voltage alternating current and vice versa?
(a) Generator (b) Motor
(c) Transformer (d) Vibrator
52. An optical illusion which occurs mainly in deserts during hot summer is based on the principle of
(a) Reflection (b) Interference
(c) Dispersion (d) Total internal reflection
53. At which place Earth's magnetic field becomes horizontal?
(a) Magnetic meridian (b) Magnetic equator
(c) Geographical pole (d) Tropic of Cancer
54. The speed of a car travelling on a straight road is listed below at successive intervals of 1 s:
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4
Speed (m/s) 0 2 4 6 8
Which of the following is/are correct?
The car travels
1. with a uniform acceleration of 2 m/s2.
2 16 m in 4 s.
3. with an average speed of 4 m/s.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1 only
55. The speed of a body that has Mach number more than 1 is
(a) supersonic (b) subsonic
(c) 300 m/s (d) about 10 m/s
56. Molecules of which of the following ha cage like structure?
1. Diamond 2. Graphite 3. Fullerenes
Select the correct answer using the cod given below:
(c) 2 only (d) 3 only
57. Temporary hardness in water is due to which one of the following of Calcium and Magnesium?
(a) Hydrogencaibonates (b) Carbonates
(c) Chlorides (d) Sulphates
58. Stung by hairs of nettle leaves causes burning pain. This is due to the injection of
(a) Acetic acid (b) Methanoic acid
(c) Sulphuric acid (d) Hydrochloric acid
59. Which one of the following elements is least reactive with water?
(a) Lithium (b) Sodium
(c) Potassium (d) Cesium
60. Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment was responsible for the discovery of
(a) Electron (b) Proton
(c) Nucleus (d) Helium
61. Glass is a
(a) liquid (b) colloid
(c) non-crystalline amorphous solid
(d) crystalline solid
62. Cell wall of any fungus is different from plants in having
(a) cellulose (b) chi tin
(c) cholesterol (d) glycogen
63. Sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by
(a) Histomonas (b) Trypanosoma
(c) Angomonae (d) Naegleria
64. Which one of the following agencies enforces the laws on food security in India?
(a) FDA (b) WHO (c) FSSAI (d) FAO
65. Dengue virus causes high fever, rashes and reduces the number of a particular type of blood cells. Those blood cells are
(a) Monocytes (b) Platelets
(c) Eosinophils (d) Neutrophils
66. Kidney secretes an enzyme, which changes plasma protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin. The enzyme is
(a) Renin (b) Nitrogenase
(c) I-lydrolase (d) Mono-oxygenase
67. Red blood cells (RBCs) have
(a) no nucleus, no mitochondria and no endoplasmic reticulum
(b) nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
(c) nucleus, mitochondria but no endoplasmic reticulum
(d) no mitochondria but endoplasmic reticulum is present
68. According to the Census 2011, the density of population in which one among the following States is the lowest?
(a) Sikkim (b) Nagaland
(c) Manipur (d) Mizoram
69. Headquarters of the World Meteorological Organization is located in
(a) Washington (b) Geneva
(c) Moscow (d) London
70. Match List I with List II. and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
(Industry) (Place)
A. Petrochemical 1. Coimbatore
B. Aircraft 2. Pinjore
C. Machine tools 3. Bengaluru
D. Cotton textiles 4. Bongaigaon
71. Consider the following statements pertaining to Coffee plantation in India ;
1. Need warm and moist climate with a spell of dry weather during the ripening period
2 Rolling fields having good drainage
3. Strong sunshine over hilly slopes exceeding temperature 35 °C .
4. Karnataka is the leading producer in India
(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
72. Dr. Urjit Patel, who has been appointed , recently as Governor of Reserve Bank of India, was holding which position immediately prior to this appointment?
(a) Chief Economist, IMF
(b) Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India
(c) Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India
(d) Professor of Economics at Harvard University
73. Who among the following personalities is NOT a Governor of any Indian State?
(a) Najma Heptulla (b) Ram Nath Kovind
(c) Acharya Dev Vrat (d) Arvind Subramanian
74. Which of the following cricket teams was defeated bv India to lift the Women's Twenty 20 Asia Cup 2016?
(a) Bangladesh (b) Sri Lanka
(c) Pakistan (d) Afghanistan
75. Which one of the following was the venue of 2nd BRIGS Youth Summit of the Ministers, Officials and Youth Delegations?
(a) New Delhi (b) Mumbai
(c) Shillong (d) Guwahati
76. Which one among the following States of India has recently proposed to frame the first Internal Security Act to deal with the challenges of terrorism, insurgency, communalism and caste violence?
(a) Maharashtra (b) Gujarat
(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Chhattisgarh
77. The World Humanitarian Day is being observed every year on which date?
(a) 24 October (b) 19 August
(c) 10 December (d) 8 March
78. Surge pricing takes place when a service provider
(a) raises the price of its product or service as demand outstrips supply
(b) follows preset prices immune to demand and supply dynamics
(c) fixes a minimum price for its sex-vices
(d) fixes an average price on the basis of transactions carried over a day
79. By fulfilling which of the following conditions can a political party claim the status of a national party?
1. It secures at least six per cent (6%) of the valid votes polled in any four ox- more states, at a general election to the House of the People or, to the State Legislative Assembly
2. It wins at least four seats in the House of the People from any State or States or wins at least two per cent (2%) seats in the House of the People (i.e., 11 seats in the existing House having 543 members), and these members are elected from at least three different States
3. The party in question has got recognition as a state party in at least two states
4. It must have its headquarters in New Delhi
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 3 and 4
80. In its emphasis on enhancing human capabilities, which one among the following does NOT figure in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan?
(a) Life and longevity
(b) Education
(c) Delivery of Public Service
(d) Skill development
81. Which one of the following is NOT a target of the 12th Five-Year Plan?
(a) Real GDP Growth Rate of 8 per cent
(b) Agriculture Growth Rate of 5 per cent
(c) Manufacturing Growth Rate of 10 per cent
(d) Increase in green cover by 1 million hectare every year during the Plan period
82. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
(a) In the conduction mode of transference of heat, the molecules of solid pass heat from one molecule to another without moving from their positions
(b) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance is called its specific heat capacity
(c) The process of heat transfer in liquids and gases is through convection mode
(d) The process of heat transfer from a body at higher temperature to a body at lower temperature without heating the space between them is known as radiation
83. The amount of heat required to change a liquid to gaseous state without any change in temperature is known as
(a) specific heat capacity
(b) mechanical equivalent of heat
(c) latent heat of vaporization
(d) quenching
84. The following figure shows displacement versus time curve for a particle executing simple harmonic motion:
(a) Phase of the oscillating particle is same at t = 1 s and t=3 s
(b) Phase of the oscillating particle is same at i = 2's and t = 8 s
(c) Phase of the oscillating particle is same at t = 3 s and t=7 s
(d) Phase of the oscillating particle is same at t = 4 s and t = 10 s
85. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists ;
(Disease) (Remedy)
A. Hypermetropia 1. Concave lens
B. Presbyopia 2. Bifocal lens
C. Myopia 3. Surgery
D. Cataract 4. Convex lens
86. A circular coil of single turn has a resistance of 20 . Which one of the following is the correct value for the resistance between the ends of any diameter of the coil?
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 40
87. In a solenoid, the current flowing through the wire is I and number of turns per unit length is n. This gives a magnetic field B inside the solenoid. If number of turn per unit length is increased to 2 n, what will be the value of magnetic field in the solenoid?
(a) B (b) 2B (c) B/2 (d) B/4
88. Which one of the following statements is correct about the magnification of an optical microscope?
(a) Magnification increases with the increase in focal length of eyepiece
(b) Magnification increases with the increase in focal length of objective
(c) Magnification does not depend upon the focal length of eyepiece
(d) Magnification decreases with the increase in focal length of eyepiece
89. A homogeneous mixture contains two liquids. How are they separated?
(a) By filtration (b) By evaporation
(c) By distillation (d) By condensation
90. Which one of the following elements forms highest number of compounds?
(a) Oxygen (b) Hydrogen
(c) Chlorine (d) Carbon
91. Which one of the following elements corrodes rapidly?
(a) Aluminium (b) Iron
(c) Zinc (d) Silver
92. 20 g of common salt is dissolved in 180 g of water. What is the mass percentage of the salt in the solution?
(a) 5% (b) 9% (c) 10% (d) 15%
93. The valency of an element depends upon the
(a) total number of protons in an atom
(b) mass number of an atom
(c) total number of neutrons in an atom
(d) total number of electrons in the outer most shell of an atom
94. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
95. Colour vision m human eyes is the function of photoreceptor cells named
(a) Rods (b) Cones
(c) Blind spot (d) Fovea
(a) All proteins are enzymes
(b) Mostly enzymes are proteins
(c) All fats are energy rich compounds
(d) Glucose is a common carbohydrate
97. Sugarcane is one of the important cash crops in India. It is grown to obtain
(a) Starch (b) Glucose
(c) Fructose (d) Sucrose
98. The colourful paid of the Sunflower or Marigold plant is
(a) Flower (b) Inflorescence
(c) Fruit (d) Seed
99. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer rising the code given below the Lists:
(Mineral) (Leading State)
A. Manganese 1. Uttarakhand
B. Gypsum 2. Karnataka
C. Limestone 3. Rajasthan
D. Magnesite 4, Odisha
(d) 4 3 2 l
100. Which one among the following is the correct order of tiger reserves situated from North to South in India?
(a) Corbett – Slmlipal – Sariska – Periyar
(b) Periyar – Sariska – Simlipal – Corbett
(c) Corbett – Sariska – Simlipal – Periyar
(d) Periyar – Simlipal – Sariska – Corbett
101. Which of the following are correct with regard to Indian Monsoonal Rainfall?
(a) Largely governed by the topographical features
(b) Regional and seasonal variation in the distribution of rainfall
(c) Heavy downpour resulting in considerable runoff
(d) Beginning and end of rain is regular and on time
102. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
(Type of climate) (State)
A. Monsoon with Short Dry Season (Amw) 1. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
B. Cold Humid Winter with Short Summer (Dfc) 2. Tamil Nadu Coast
C. Monsoon with Dry Winter (Cwg) 3. Arunachal Pradesh
D. Monsoon with Dry Summer (As) 4. Kerala and Karnataka Coast
103. Which one of the following Himalayan rivers does NOT originate from across the Himalayas?
(a) Indus (b) Satluj
(c) Ganga (d) Brahmaputra
104. The Headquarters of Eastern Railway Zone of Indian Railway is located at
(a) Bhubaneswar (b) Kolkata
(c) Hajipur (d) Guwahati
105. Which one among the following countries is the largest trading partner of India in external trade for the year 2015-2016?
(a) United States of America
(b) United Kingdom
(c) United Arab Emirates
(d) China
106. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 20 cm. The refractive index of the glass is 15. What is the power of this lens (in units of dioptre)?
(a) +75 D (b) – 75 D
(c) +25 D (d) + 50 D
107. The time period of a simple pendulum made using a thin copper wire of length L is T. Suppose the temperature of the room in which this simple pendulum is placed increases by 30°C, what will be the effect on the time period of the pendulum?
(a) T will increase slightly
(b) T will remain the same
(c) T will decrease slightly
(d) T will become more than 2 times
108. Which one of the following physical quantity has the same unit as that of pressure?
(a) Angular momentum (b) Stress
(c) Strain (d) Work
109. Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to the material of electrical insulators?
(a) They contain no electrons
(b) Electrons do not flow easily through them
(c) They are crystals
(d) They have more number of electrons than the protons on their surface
110. Which one of the following physical quantities does NOT affect the resistance of a cylindrical resistor?
(a) The current through it
(b) Its length
(c) The resistivity of the material used in the resistor
(d) The area of cross-section of the cylinder
111. Which one of the following statements regarding King Krishnadevaraya is NOT correct?
(a) He was a great scholar of Telugu and Sanskrit
(b) Foreign travellers Paes and Nuniz visited his court
(c) Barbosa praised him for the great justice and equity prevailing in his empire
(d) He wrote his magnum opus Amuktamalyada in Sanskrit
(Amendment to the Constitution of India) (Subject)
A. 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 1. Reduction of voting age from 21 to 18
B. 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 2. Right to Education
C. 61st Amendment Act, 1988 3. Panchayati Raj
D. 86th Amendment Act, 2006 4. Disqualification on grounds of defection
113. Which one of the following was NOT a cause of the Revolt of 1857?
(a) The rumour that the British had mixed the bone dust of cows and pigs into the flour being sold in the market.
(b) The prophecy that British rule would come to an end on the centenary of the Battle of Plassey on 23rd June, 1857.
(c) Popular discontent with British rule.
(d) The prophecy that the end of British rule would lead to the end of the Kali Yuga and the return of Ram Rajya.
114. Which one of the following was NOT a feature of the Subsidiary Alliance of Lord Wellesley?
(a) The British were responsible for protecting the ally from any external threats
(b) All internal threats were to be handled by the ally alone, with no help from the British
(c) The ally was to provide resources for maintaining a British armed contingent stationed in its territory
(d) The ally could not enter into any agreement with other rulers without the permission of the British.
(Place) (Mineral)
A. Lakwa 1. Copper
B. Malanjkhand 2. Petroleum
C. Kalakot 3. Zinc
D. Zawar 4. Coal
116. Which of the following are the major coral reef areas of India?
(a) Gulf of Kachchh (b) Gulf of Mannar
(c) Lakshadweep
(d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
117. Which of the following regions is/are NOT known for cotton-textile industry?
1. Mumbai – Pune region
2. Madurai – Coimbatore region
3. Dhanbad – Jamshedpur region
4. Indore – Ujjain region
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 3 only
118. Which one of the following States does NOT have the Headquarters of any Railway Zone?
(a) Jharkhand (b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Odisha (d) Bihar
119. Suppose a rod is given a negative charge by rubbing it with wool. Which one of the following statements is correct in this case?
(a) The positive charges are transferred from rod to wool
(b) The positive charges are transferred from wool to rod
(c) The negative charges are transferred from rod to wool
(d) The negative charges are transferred from wool to rod
120. Which one of the following is the correct relation between frequency f and angular frequency?
(a) f = (b) = 2f
(c) f = 2k (d) f = 2
121. A Kelvin thermometer and a Fahrenheit thermo- meter both give the same reading for a certain sample. What would be the corresponding reading in a Celsius thermometer?
122. If the potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is doubled while keeping the separation between the filament and the target as same, what will happen to the cutoff wavelength?
(a) Will remain same (b) Will be doubled
(c) Will be halved
(d) Will be four times of the original wavelength
123. Which one of the following statements is true for the relation F =?
(All symbols have their usual meanings)
(a) The quantity G depends on the local value of g, acceleration due to gravity
(b) The quantity G is greatest at the surface of the Earth
(c) The quantity G is used only when earth is one of the two masses
(d) The quantity G is a universal constant
124. Why is it difficult to measure the coefficient of expansion of a liquid than solid?
(a) Liquids tend to evaporate at all temperatures
(b) Liquids conduct more heat
(c) Liquids expand too much when heated
(d) Their containers also expand when heated
125. Radon is
(a) an inert gas (b) an artificial fibre
(c) an explosive (d) a metal
126. The chemical name of baking soda is
(a) Na2CO3 (b) NaHCO3
(c) CaCO3 (d) NaOH
127. Which one of the following elements is used in pencil-lead?
(a) Zinc (b) Lead
(c) Carbon (Graphite) (d) Tin
128. Who among the following is one of the authors of the book "Philosophy of the Bomb?"
(a) Bhagat Singh (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Surya Sen (d) Yashpal
129. Which of the following statements about Chiitagong group is NOT correct?
(a) Its membership included a large number of youth including Ganesh Lokenath Baul and Anant Singh
(b) Its leader Surya Sen had been a lawyer in Dhaka before joining the group
(c) Surya Sen and his group were closely associated with Congress work in Chittagong
(d) This group had prepared an action plan to occupy the armouries in Chittagong
130. Which one of the following was a significant feature of the Quit India Movement?
(a) Women did not play an important role in the movement
(b) Nasik in Maharashtra was an important regional base during the movement
(c) It was marked by anti-zamindar violence
(d) It was marked by the emergence of parallel governments in different parts of India
131. Which one of the following characteristics does NOT describe the Khilafat movement?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi sought to link it to the Non-Cooperation movement.
(b) It was not supported by the Congress.
(c) It demanded that the Turkish Sultan must retain control over Muslim sacred spaces in the erstwhile Ottoman empire.
(d) It was led by Muhammad Ali and ShaukatAli.
132. Which one of the following was NOT a feature of railways in colonial India?
(a) The main purpose of the setting up of railways in India was to serve the interest of the empire
(b) British capital investments were invited with 15% guaranteed interest to be paid if necessary from Indian revenues
(c) The construction work disturbed ecology.
(d) The construction of the railways was planned in such a way that it connected the internal markets with the ports, but provided no interconnection between internal market cities.
133. Which colonial administrator made the following declaration about the partition of Bengal in 1904? "Bengal united is a power. Bengal divided will pull in different ways. That is perfectly true and one of the merits of the scheme"
(a) Lord Cnrzon (b) H. H. Risley
(c) Lord Minto (d) Sir Lancelot Hare
134. Who launched the Bardoli Satyagraha on 4th February, 1928?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Raj endra Prasad (d) Kalyanji Mehta
135. Which one of the following Princely States did NOT support the Congress during the course of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) Bhavnagar (b) Mysore
(c) Junagad (d) Kathiawar
136. Which one of the following is a feature of thought and philosophy of the Kandukuri Viresalingam?
(a) He believed that science and morality were unconnected to truth.
(b) He believed in universal education.
(c) He believed that language had no role in inculcating morality in students.
(d) He did not attempt to build a national con- sciousness on a cultural base.
137. Name the calligrapher in Akbar's court who was honoured with the title "Zarrin Kalam" or Golden Fen
(a) A bill Fazl (b) Tansen
(c) Muhammad Husayn (d) Muhammad Kasim
138. Which one of the following sections of the Golden Quadrilateral Highway in India is the longest in terms of route distance?
(a) Delhi –Kolkata (b) Kolkata – Chennai
(c) Chennai – Mumbai (d) Mumbai – Delhi
(Classification of resources) (Example)
A. Basic inexhaustible resource 1. Hydel power
B. Conventional non-renewable 2. Coal
C. Non-conventional renewable resource 3. Solar energy
D. Non-conventional non-renewable resource 4. Natural gas
(c) 4 1 2 3 (d) 4 2 1 3
140. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists;
(Mineral deposit) (State)
A. Gypsum 1. Odisha
B, Graphite 2, Gujarat
C. Fluorspar 3. Amnachal Pradesh
D. Nickel 4. Rajasthan
141. Which one of the following pairs of Tribe and State is NOT correctly matched?
(a) Tharu: Madhya Pradesh
(b) Adi: Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Irula: Kerala
(d) Shaharia: Rajasthan
142. If the absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively, what Mil be the ratio of velocity of light in glass and water?
(a) 3: 4 (b) 4: 3 (c) 8: 7 (d) 8: 9
143. A positive charge +q is placed at the centre of a hollow metallic sphere of inner radius a and outer radius b. The electric field at a distance r from the centre is denoted by E. In this regard, which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) E = 0 for a < r < b
(b) E = 0 for r<a
(c) E = q/40r for a < r < b
(d) E = q/40a for r < a
144. Consider the following Indian States:
(a) Bihar (b) Rajasthan
(c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Haryana
145. Which one of the following is the correct ascending order of the above States on the basis of percentage of State's population to total population of India (based on census 2011)?
(a) 3 – 4 – 1 – 2 (b) 4 – 2 – 1 – 3
(c) 3 – 4 – 2 – 1 (d) 2 – 3 – 4 – 1
146. Who among the following was the author of the Badshah Nama?
(a) Abdul Hamid Lahori (b) Abul Fazl
(c) Shah Jahan (d) Sadullah Khan
147. Which one of the following statements about Fatehpur Sikri is NOT correct?
(a) It was located on the direct road to Ajmer
(b) Akbar commissioned the building of a marble tomb for Sheikh Salim Chisti next to the Friday mosque at Fatehpur Sikri
(c) The arched gateway or Bulund Darwaza was meant to remind visitors of the Mughal victory in Gujarat
(d) In 1585, the capital of the Mughal emperor shifted from Fatehpur Sikri to Delhi
147. Which one of the following cities hosted the 3rd World Trauma Congress recently?
(a) New Delhi (b) Dacca
(c) Singapore (d) Bangkok
148. Which one of the following is NOT one of the objectives of Act East Policy?
(a) To promote economic cooperation, cultural ties and develop strategic relationship with countries in the Asia-Pacific region
(b) To promote peace and amity with the neighbouring countries of Asia
(c) To place emphasis on India- ASEAN cooperation in India's domestic agenda
(d) To provide enhanced connectivity to the North East of India
149. Arrange the following countries in ascending order on the basis of the total medals earned by them in Rio Olympic 2016:
1. United States 2. China
3. Great Britain 4. Russia
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 1, 3, 2, 4
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 4, 3, 1, 2
150. Which one of the following is NOT an objective of the National Civil Aviation Policy 2016?
(a) Establish an integrated eco-system which will lead to significant growth of civil aviation sector
(b) To promote tourism, increase employment and lead to a balanced regional growth
(c) Ensure safety, security and sustainability of all sectors through the use of technology
(d) Enhance regional connectivity through fiscal support and infrastructure development
UPSC Analytical Reasoning #1
Comprehension Passage #1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
WHAT IS THE ISLAMIC RULING ON MUSIC?
There is much debate on the subject of music in Islam. Let us analyze each evidence to come to a conclusion. Allah (swt) says in the Quran:
"And of mankind is he who purchases idle talk (Lahw Al-Hadith) to mislead from the path of Allah without knowledge, and takes it by way of mockery"
(Al Quran-31:6)
Evidence for music being haram.
In tafsir ibn kathir the above verse the word "Lahu Al-Hadith"(idle talk) was interpreted by ibn Abbas (rali) as singing. Ibn Abbas (rali) swore on this. The below hadith of prophet (sal) explains it further. The prophet (sal) said:
"Verily I did not prohibit weeping [per se], but rather I forbade two voices [sowtayn] which are imbecilic [ahmaq] and sinfully shameless [faajir]: one a voice [singing] to the accompaniment of musical amusement [lahw] and Satan's[wind] instruments; the other, a voice [wailing] due to some calamity, accompanied by striking of the face and tearing of garments. But this [weeping off mine] stems from compassion, and whosoever does not show compassion will not receive it."
(Narrated by Haakim and graded hasan by strengthening from other narrations).
In the hadith of bukhari we see the following hadith.
Narrated Abu 'Amir (rali) or Abu Malik Al-Ash'ari (rali) that he heard the Prophet (sal) saying, "From among my followers there will be some people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk, the drinking of alcoholic drinks, and the use of musical instruments [ma'aazif] as lawful.
In the above hadith it is clear that singing accompanied with musical instruments is haram.
The above narrations prove clearly that singings accompanied with musical instruments are haram. But this is in a general sense. There is evidence from other authentic narrations to prove that music is allowed with certain instruments and on certain occasions.
Hadith's which prove music to be permissible,
It was narrated from 'Aa'ishah that Abu Bakr (rali) entered upon her and there were two girls with her during the days of Mina beating the duff, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was covering himself with his garment. Abu Bakr rebuked them, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) uncovered his face and said, "Leave them alone, O Abu Bakr, for these are the days of Eid." That was during the days of Mina.
The above hadith clearly proves that the duff is a permissible musical instrument in Islam because two young girls were beating the duff and the prophet (sal) allowed them to play when Abu Bakr (rali) rebuked them. Some scholars try to argue that playing the duff is permissible only during Eid. This argument is an erroneous argument because there is clear evidence that playing even the flute is also allowed during the Eid.
It was narrated that Aisha (RA) said: "Abu Bakr (RA) entered upon me and there were two of the young girls of the Ansar with me who were singing the verses that the Ansar had recited on the day of Bu'ath."She said: "But they were known to be singers. "Abu Bakr (RA) said: "Wind instruments of the shaitan in the house of Allah's Messenger (PBUH)? That was the day of Eid. Allah's Messenger (Sal) said: "O Abu Bakr! Every people have their Eid and this is our Eid. "In another narration it is said that Allah's Messenger (Sal) said: "Let them be O' Abu Bakr, for these are the days of Eid."
(Narrated in Sahih Muslim)
The above hadith narrated in sahih Muslim clearly debunks this argument. This very hadith proves that you can play any musical instrument during Eid. The other argument put forward by scholars is that the beating of the duff should only be done by women or girls and men are forbidden to play these instruments. This argument has no basis. It's only the opinion of the salaf scholars may Allah (swt) reward them but they are like all other humans are prone to mistakes and blindly sticking to their opinions is haram in Islam. The other evidence to prove the permissibility comes from the next hadith.
It was narrated that Buraydah said: The Messenger of Allah (sal) went on one of his military campaigns, and when he came back, a black slave woman came and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I vowed that if Allah brought you back safe and sound, I would beat the daff before you and sing. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "If you vowed that, then do it, otherwise do not do it.'" So she started to beat the duff, and Abu Bakr came in whilst she was doing so. Then 'Ali came in whilst she was beating the daff, then 'Uthmaan came in whilst she was beating the daff, then 'Umar came in and she threw the daff beneath her and sat on it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The Shaitan is afraid of you, O 'Umar. I was sitting and she was beating the daff, then Abu Bakr came in when she was beating the daff; then 'Ali came in when she was beating the daff; then 'Uthmaan came in when she was beating the daff, but when you came in, O 'Umar, she put the daff down."
(Narrated in Tirmidhi and authenticated by sheikh Albani in sahih al Tirmidhi)
The above hadith prove two points, one is
1) The general permissibility to listen to music which is not forbidden
2) from the statement of the prophet(sal) The Shaitan is afraid of you, O 'Umar" it shows that although this kind of singing by the slave was likened to Shaitan, the prophet (sal) listened to it and also allowed the other of his companions like Abu Bakr(rali) and Umar(rali) also to listen. The permissibility to listen to music that is halal like beating the duff, tamborine or any instrument during Eid is also allowed. Islam is so lenient, listening to music which is haram for the purpose of determining what it is also allowed.
In the above hadith Ibn Umar (rali) narrated that the prophet (sal) put the fingers in his ears when he heard a woodwind instrument but it is clear from this hadith that the prophet (sal) did not order ibn Umar (rali) to do so. From this we can conclude that if haram music is played in the bus or in a public area it is not wajib to stop oneself from listening to it. The main reason here is that the haram music is being played by somebody else.
It was narrated that al-Rubayyi' bint Mu'awwidh ibn 'Afra' said: "After the consummation of my marriage, the Prophet (sal)me and sat on my bed as far from me as you are sitting now, and our little girls started beating the duff and reciting verses mourning my father, who had been killed in the battle of Badr. One of them said, 'Among us is a Prophet who knows what will happen tomorrow.' On that the Prophet said, 'Omit this (saying) and keep on saying the verses which you had been saying before.'"
(Narrated by al-Bukhari).
The above hadith further proves that as long as you don't sing anything that contains shirk, kufr, or sinful. It is permissible to sing. Many scholars have come to the conclusion that playing the duff is only allowed during the Eid or during the consummation of a marriage giving the above hadith examples. This opinion is once again baseless because the prophet (sal) never said anywhere that the duff should only be played during such an occasion. Some scholars are trying to derive meanings of their own using these hadiths. It is clear from all the Quranic verses and sahih hadith that playing musical instruments apart from the Eid is haram except for the duff which can be played during any occasion. Now the question rises whether it is permissible to play instruments like the tabla and similar instruments. Some try to argue that it is haram by mentioning the below hadith.
Narrated from 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade alcohol, gambling and drums.
(Abu Dawud and authenticated by Albani)
The above hadith is only talking about drums in particular and not the general beating instruments. So from this we can conclude that the tabla comes under the things which Islam is silent. There are many weak narrations that are used by some Muslims. Below are some of the most famous of them.
Al-Hakim At-Tirmidhi related from Abu Musa Al-'Ash'ari that the Prophet (sal) said,
"Whoever listens to the sound of singing will not be permitted to listen to the spirits in Paradise."
Ibn 'Asakir relates from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet (sal) said,
Ibn 'Asakir relates from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him that the Prophet (sal) said
"Whoever listens to a female singer, molten lead will be poured into his ears on the Day of Judgment."
In Thamm Al-Malahi Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya' relates from Ibn Mas'ud a saying of the Prophet:
(Sal):
"Singing makes hypocrisy to grow in the heart like water makes herbs grow." (Al-Baihaqi 10/223 and Abu Dawud no. 4927)


text:
Big plans for L Building Renovations
Posted on April 22, 2014 by cnmchronicle
By Nick Stern, Senior Reporter
Main Campus' L Building is looking at major renovations that are meant to create a cutting-edge place of learning for students, Director of Communications and Media Relations Director, Brad Moore said.
The renovation is a huge project and is planned to create better learning opportunities for everyone, especially science students and instructors, by creating a bigger and better learning environment, he said.
"This is an exciting project because it is going to greatly enhance the teaching and learning experience for faculty and students in the science fields," Moore said.
All of the science labs that are currently located in the L Building are intended to be improved by adding new "state-of-the-art technology" in order to create the best learning environment for students, he said. The building houses an array of different labs in diverse scientific fields like chemistry, biology, geology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, geography, physics, and astronomy, which will all be updated with the newest technology, he said.
There is also a plan to implement more biology and chemistry labs in order to be on par with the high demand of those particular classes, Moore said.
Moore said that New Mexico is actually in need of an increasing number of careers in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, which makes the future of the L building important to the students and the community as a whole, he said.
"Our state's economy is also in serious need of many more college graduates in the STEM fields. CNM is doing its best to produce more STEM graduates and this L Building renovation is an important step in supporting those efforts," Moore said.
The building is not only meant to be an amazing place for anyone in the science fields, but the plans also include areas meant for any and all students to hang out and study, or just rest between classes, he said.
These areas for students would be a first in and around the L Building along with new solar panels intended to be mounted outside and will serve as a means to make hot water and will include information on energy used, Moore said.
"The building has not had areas where students can meet or study together. Once the building is renovated, it will have 'agility' spaces where students can meet, study or relax. These areas will be decorated with scientific displays and artwork of science topics," he said.
The L Building is considered to be the main laboratory building for the sciences on Main campus and the CNM community is very enthusiastic about the fact that it is being improved upon and will ultimately serve as a way to improve how teachers can teach and how students can learn, Moore said.
"CNM is very excited to be upgrading the primary science laboratory building on Main Campus. This renovation is going to provide faculty and students with an exceptional teaching and learning environment. This building is going to generate more excitement and interest beyond the sciences at CNM," Moore said.
The building has already been vacated and is currently being prepared for demolition, Moore said.
The renovation was designed by SMPC Architects and Flintco, LLC is the general contractor of the project which will see the building increased from 33,000 square feet to 43,000 square feet, Moore said.
The budget for the project is estimated at $15 million, and will be planned to have the building reopened to the community in the 2015 fall term, Moore said.
Posted in Front Page NewsTagged Brad Moore, Issue 41 Volume 19, L Building, Nick Stern, Science Labs
Previous Post Watch out for people out there on the roads
Next Post Student Allocation Board combines with Executive Council of Students


Ultimate Freeroam is a multiplayer game server on SA-MP with thousands of options to enjoy. Racing, Deathmatch, Capture The Vehicle, Vehicle Export. Nov 28, 2015 The Ultimate Phantom Pain Mod by NasaNhak. Metal Gear Solid V: The Allow use of ARMORed soldiers in free roam and extra missions. MTA SA: Multi Theft Auto San Andreas, MTA DayZ, мониторинг, ресурсы, форум, магазин для МТА сервера. BeamNG Drive - своего рода духовный наследник Rigs Of Rods с более проработанной физикой. Основной.
Description: The Friends for Life mod (known on Strategy Informer as the "Free Ride Ultimate" mod) is the most complex Mafia Jun 29, 2015 to swap between any playable character in free roam with the push perhaps one the PC version will be remembered as the ultimate.


text:
:orphan:

.. @raise litre.TestsAreMissing

=====================
 In-Place Operations
=====================

:Author: Dave Abrahams
:Author: Joe Groff

:Abstract: The goal of efficiently processing complex data structures
  leads naturally to pairs of related operations such as ``+`` and
  ``+=``: one that produces a new value, and another that mutates on
  the data structure in-place.  By formalizing the relationship and
  adding syntactic affordances, we can make these pairs easier to work
  with and accelerate the evaluation of some common expressions.

Examples
========

In recent standard library design meetings about the proper API for
sets, it was decided that the canonical ``Set`` interface should be
written in terms of methods: [#operators]_ ::

  struct Set<Element> {
    public func contains(_ x: Element) -> Bool                // x ∈ A, A ∋ x
    public func isSubsetOf(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Bool         // A ⊆ B
    public func isStrictSubsetOf(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Bool   // A ⊂ B
    public func isSupersetOf(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Bool       // A ⊇ B
    public func isStrictSupersetOf(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Bool // A ⊃ B
    ...
  }

When we started to look at the specifics, however, we ran into a
familiar pattern::

  ...
    public func union(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Set<Element>        // A ∪ B
    public mutating func unionInPlace(_ b: Set<Element>)        // A ∪= B

    public func intersect(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Set<Element>    // A ∩ B
    public mutating func intersectInPlace(_ b: Set<Element>)    // A ∩= B

    public func subtract(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Set<Element>     // A - B
    public mutating func subtractInPlace(_ b: Set<Element>)     // A -= B

    public func exclusiveOr(_ b: Set<Element>) -> Set<Element>  // A ⊕ B
    public mutating func exclusiveOrInPlace(_ b: Set<Element>)  // A ⊕= B

We had seen the same pattern when considering the API for
``String``, but in that case, there are no obvious operator
spellings in all of Unicode.  For example::

  struct String {
    public func uppercase() -> String
    public mutating func uppercaseInPlace()

    public func lowercase() -> String
    public mutating func lowercaseInPlace()

    public func replace(
      _ pattern: String, with replacement: String) -> String
    public mutating func replaceInPlace(
      _ pattern: String, with replacement: String)

    public func trim() -> String
    public mutating func trimInPlace()
    ...
  }

It also comes up with generic algorithms such as ``sort()`` (which is
mutating) and ``sorted()``, the corresponding non-mutating version.

We see at least four problems with this kind of API:

1. The lack of a uniform naming convention is problematic.  People
   have already complained about the asymmetry between mutating
   ``sort()``, and non-mutating ``reverse()``.  The pattern used by
   ``sort()`` and ``sorted()`` doesn't apply everywhere, and penalizes
   the non-mutating form, which should be the more economical of the two.

2. Naming conventions that work everywhere and penalize the mutating
   form are awkward.  In the case of ``String`` it was considered bad
   enough that we didn't bother with the mutating versions of any
   operations other than concatenation (which we spelled using ``+``
   and ``+=``).

3. Producing a complete interface that defines both variants of each
   operation is needlessly tedious.  A working (if non-optimal)
   mutating version of ``op(x: T, y: U) -> T`` can always be defined
   as ::

     func opInPlace(x: inout T, y: U) {
       x = op(x, y)
     }

   Default implementations in protocols could do a lot to relieve
   tedium here, but cranking out the same ``xxxInPlace`` pattern for
   each ``xxx`` still amounts to a lot of boilerplate.

4. Without formalizing the relationship between the mutating and
   non-mutating functions, we lose optimization opportunities.  For
   example, it should be possible for the compiler to rewrite ::

     let x = a.intersect(b).intersect(c).intersect(d)

   as ::

     var t = a.intersect(b)
     t.intersectInPlace(c)
     t.intersectInPlace(d)
     let x = t

   for efficiency, without forcing the user to sacrifice expressivity.
   This optimization would generalize naturally to more common idioms
   such as::

     let newString = s1 + s2 + s3 + s4

   Given all the right conditions, it is true that a similar
   optimization can be made at runtime for COW data structures using a
   uniqueness check on the left-hand operand.  However, that approach
   only applies to COW data structures, and penalizes other cases.

The Proposal
============

Our proposal has four basic components:

1. Solve the naming convention problem by giving the mutating and
   non-mutating functions the same name.

2. Establish clarity at the point of use by extending the language to
   support a concise yet distinctive syntax for invoking the mutating
   operation.

3. Eliminate tedium by allowing mutating functions to be automatically
   generated from non-mutating ones, and, for value types, vice-versa
   (doing this for reference types is problematic due to the lack of a
   standard syntax for copying the referent).

4. Support optimization by placing semantic requirements on mutating
   and non-mutating versions of the same operation, and allowing the
   compiler to make substitutions.

Use One Simple Name
-------------------

There should be one simple name for both in-place and non-mutating
sorting: ``sort``.  Set union should be spelled ``union``.  This
unification bypasses the knotty problem of naming conventions and
makes code cleaner and more readable.

When these paired operations are free functions, we can easily
distinguish the mutating versions by the presence of the address-of
operator on the left-hand side::

  let z = union(x, y)  // non-mutating
  union(&x, y)         // mutating

Methods are a more interesting case, since on mutating methods,
``self`` is *implicitly* ``inout``::

  x.union(y) // mutating or non-mutating?

We propose to allow method pairs of the form:

.. parsed-literal::

  extension **X** {
    func *f*\ (p₀: T₀, p₁: T₁, p₂: T₂, ...p\ *n*: T\ *n*) -> **X**

    func **=**\ *f*\ (p₀: T₀, p₁: T₁, p₂: T₂, ...p\ *n*: T\ *n*) -> **Void**
  }

The second ``=f`` method is known as an **assignment method** [#getset]_.
Assignment methods are implicitly ``mutating``.
Together these two methods, ``f`` and ``=f``, are known as an
**assignment method pair**.  This concept generalizes in obvious ways
to pairs of generic methods, details open for discussion.

An assignment method is only accessible via a special syntax, for
example:

.. parsed-literal::

  x\ **.=**\ union(y)

The target of an assignment method is always required, even when the
target is ``self``::

  extension Set {
    mutating func frob(_ other: Set) {
      let brick = union(other) // self.union(other) implied
      self.=union(other)       // calls the assignment method
      union(other)             // warning: result ignored
    }
  }

Assignment Operator Pairs
-------------------------

Many operators have assignment forms, for instance, ``+`` has ``+=``, ``-``
has ``-=``, and so on. However, not all operators do; ``!=`` is not the
assignment form of ``!``, nor is ``<=`` the assignment form of ``<``. Operators
with assignment forms can declare this fact in their ``operator`` declaration:

.. parsed-literal::

  infix operator + {
    **has_assignment**
  }

For an operator *op* which ``has_assignment``, a pair of operator definitions
of the form:

.. parsed-literal::

  func *op*\ (**X**, Y) -> **X**

  func *op*\ =(**inout X**, Y) -> **Void**

is known as an **assignment operator pair**, and similar
generalization to pairs of generic operators is possible.

To avoid confusion, the existing ``assignment`` operator modifier, which
indicates that an operator receives one of its operands implicitly ``inout``,
shall be renamed ``mutating``, since it can also be applied to non-assignment
operators:

.. parsed-literal::

  postfix operator ++ {
    **mutating** // formerly "assignment"
  }

If an operator ``op`` which ``has_assignment`` is in scope, it is an error to
declare ``op=`` as an independent operator:

.. parsed-literal::

  operator *☃* { has_assignment }

  // Error: '☃=' is the assignment form of existing operator '☃'
  operator *☃=* { has_assignment }

Eliminating Tedious Boilerplate
===============================

Generating the In-Place Form
----------------------------

Given an ordinary method of a type ``X``:

.. parsed-literal::

  extension **X** {
    func *f*\ (p₀: T₀, p₁: T₁, p₂: T₂, ...p\ *n*: T\ *n*) -> **X**
  }

if there is no corresponding *assignment method* in ``X`` with the signature

.. parsed-literal::

  extension **X** {
    func *=f*\ (p₀: T₀, p₁: T₁, p₂: T₂, ...p\ *n*: T\ *n*) -> **Void**
  }

we can compile the statement

.. parsed-literal::

  x\ **.=**\ *f*\ (a₀, p₁: a₁, p₂: a₂, ...p\ *n*: a\ *n*)

as though it were written:

.. parsed-literal::

  x **= x.**\ *f*\ (a₀, p₁: a₁, p₂: a₂, ...p\ *n*: a\ *n*)

Generating the Non-Mutating Form
--------------------------------

Given an *assignment method* of a value type ``X``:

.. parsed-literal::

  extension **X** {
    func *=f*\ (p₀: T₀, p₁: T₁, p₂: T₂, ...p\ *n*: T\ *n*) -> **Void**
  }

if there is no method in ``X`` with the signature

.. parsed-literal::

  extension **X** {
    func *f*\ (p₀: T₀, p₁: T₁, p₂: T₂, ...p\ *n*: T\ *n*) -> **X**
  }

we can compile the expression

.. parsed-literal::

  **x.**\ *f*\ (a₀, p₁: a₁, p₂: a₂, ...p\ *n*: a\ *n*)

as though it were written:

.. parsed-literal::

  {
    (var y: X) -> X in
    y\ **.=**\ *f*\ (a₀, p₁: a₁, p₂: a₂, ...p\ *n*: a\ *n*)
    return y
  }(x)

Generating Operator Forms
-------------------------

If only one member of an *assignment operator pair* is defined, similar
rules allow the generation of code using the other member.  E.g.

we can compile

.. parsed-literal::

  x *op*\ **=** *expression*

as though it were written:

.. parsed-literal::

  x **=** x *op* (*expression*)

or

.. parsed-literal::

  x *op* *expression*

as though it were written:

.. parsed-literal::

  {
    (var y: X) -> X in
    y *op*\ **=**\ *expression*
    return y
  }(x)

Class Types
===========

Assignment and operators are generally applied to value types, but
it's reasonable to ask how to apply them to class types.  The first
and most obvious requirement, in our opinion, is that immutable class
types, which are fundamentally values, should work properly.

An assignment operator for an immutable class ``X`` always has the form:

.. parsed-literal::

  func *op*\ **=** (lhs: **inout** X, rhs: Y) {
    lhs = *expression creating a new X object*
  }

or, with COW optimization:

.. parsed-literal::

  func *op*\ **=** (lhs: **inout** X, rhs: Y) {
    if isUniquelyReferenced(&lhs) {
      lhs.\ *mutateInPlace*\ (rhs)
    }
    else {
      lhs = *expression creating a new X object*
    }
  }

Notice that compiling either form depends on an assignment to ``lhs``.

A method of a class, however, cannot assign to ``self``, so no
explicitly-written assignment method can work properly for an
immutable class. Therefore, at *least* until there is a way to reseat ``self``
in a method, explicitly-written assignment methods must be banned for
class types::

  // Invalid code:
  class Foo {
    let x: Int
    required init(x: Int) { self.x = x }

    func advanced(_ amount: Int) -> Self {
      return Self(x: self.x + amount)
    }

    // Error, because we can't reseat self in a class method
    func =advanced(amount: Int) {
      self = Self(x: self.x + amount)
      // This would also be inappropriate, since it would violate value
      // semantics:
      // self.x += amount
    }
  }

That said, given an explicitly-written
non-assignment method that produces a new instance, the rules given
above for implicitly-generated assignment method semantics work just
fine::

  // Valid code:
  class Foo {
    let x: Int
    required init(x: Int) { self.x = x }

    func advanced(_ amount: Int) -> Self {
      return Self(x: self.x + amount)
    }
  }

  var foo = Foo(x: 5)
  // Still OK; exactly the same as foo = foo.advanced(10)
  foo.=advanced(10)

The alternative would be to say that explicitly-written assignment methods
cannot work properly for immutable classes and "work" with reference
semantics on other classes.  We consider this approach indefensible,
especially when one considers that operators encourage writing
algorithms that can only work properly with value semantics and will
show up in protocols.

Assignment Methods and Operators In Protocols
=============================================

The presence of a ``=method`` signature in the protocol implies that
the corresponding non-assignment signature is available.  Declaring
``=method`` in a protocol generates two witness table
slots, one for each method of the implied pair.  If the
``=method`` signature is provided in the protocol, any
corresponding non-assignment ``method`` signature is ignored.  A type can
satisfy the protocol requirement by providing either or both members
of the pair; a thunk for the missing member of the pair is generated
as needed.

When only the non-assignment ``method`` member of a pair appears in the
protocol, it generates only one witness table slot.  The assignment
signature is implicitly available on existentials and archetypes, with
the usual implicitly-generated semantics.

----------

.. [#operators] Unicode operators, which dispatch to those methods,
   would also be supported.  For example, ::

     public func ⊃ <T>(a: Set<T>, b: Set<T>) -> Bool {
       return a.isStrictSupersetOf(b)
     }

   however we decided that these operators were sufficiently esoteric,
   and also inaccessible using current programming tools, that they
   had to remain a secondary interface.

.. [#getset] the similarity to getter/setter pairs is by no means lost on
          the authors.  However, omitting one form in this case has a
          very different meaning than in the case of getter/setter
          pairs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Looking to add a little more to the rear of your Golf or possibly convert your GTI to a single exit exhaust? You will need this piece. Mounts on both Golf and GTI rear bumpers in the original clips. GTI's have everthing needed to secure the rip valence in place.
Golf owners require the GTI brackets below but they aren't necessary. For our Golf we secured with tie straps and haven't had an issue and they can't be seen. The brackets mount near the rear of the wheel and allow you to secure with one screw on each side.


Airtel Walk-in Drive scheduled for the post of Data Field Engineer for B.E/B.Tech/Diploma candidates at Chennai. The detailed eligibility and venue details are given in below.
Interested and Eligible candidates can attend walk-in at the following venue on 30 May to 1 June 2018.


Watch these Trek ambassadors get prepped for a day at San Diego Comic-Con! If you're in the area, look for more crew members like these to participate in the #TrekDiscovery Challenge. Watch the series premiere of Star Trek: Discovery on Sunday, September 24 at 8:30/7:30c on CBS All Access.


The trail head is right next to the pavilion at Forest Park. Be sure to send your trail pictures to creationhealthgc@gmail.com.
I am looking forward to taking my family out there this spring/summer, as well as some other groups from our community. I hope to see you out there soon!
Choice is the first step toward improving your well-being. Before we can achieve positive changes in any area of our lives, we must first choose to do so. Conscious decision-making is key to experiencing the positive impact of good choices. Every day, often numerous times a day, you exercise the power of choice. Today, use that power to make one small change that will lead to long-term positive results.
This very truth is what our CH Coaches are currently promoting to their co-workers and patients as many employees are competing in Takoma's Biggest Loser Competition. They are encouraging people to commit to making healthier choices in 2017 while simultaneously supporting those who are competing in the contest for cash prizes. All departments have been challenged to make one small change to help create a healthier work environment. For example, making available in their units fruit, nuts and bottled water instead of candy, cookies and soda. Or implementing a 10 minute walking break for employees every hour, or a lunch walking group. What could YOU do to promote better health and wellness in your place of work?
As I make my hospital rounds, I have been so pleased to see some of the creative displays that have been made apart of these healthy workplaces. I just fell in love with this colorful bulletin board the first time I saw it. I had to snap a picture because the bright colors jump out at you and everything about it screams Creation Health. It is located on the 3rd floor, just outside the employee break room. At the top it reads "Shout Out To You For All That You Do" and employees are encouraged to fill out a sticky note with praise for a fellow co-worker and then hang it on the board. Did you know it is a proven fact that people who have an optimistic outlook, a positive attitude are more likely to make better choices which lead to improved health and well-being? What a great way to foster optimism in the work place!
This is another fantastic display which hangs in our OB unit just outside the employee break room, to encourage people to set healthy goals for 2017. It tells them how to set goals, as well as what kind of goals to set. I love how it ties in scripture. Such a detailed, well thought out display that will truly impact lives for the better!
I am so excited to have a great group of coaches on board this year, promoting CH inside the hospital walls and out in the community with me, encouraging people on their wellness journeys. Hopefully some of these ideas will help you think of ways to promote health and wellness where you work, as we are all on this journey together!
Last week after school, I had the privilege of speaking to the Devils On The Go students @ GMS, giving them an overview of the CREATION acronym principles C - Choice, R - Rest, E - Environment, A - Activity, T - Trust, I - Interpersonal Relationships, O - Outlook, and N - Nutrition to encourage them on their wellness journey. But really, I am the one who was encouraged by these awesome students and their awesome teachers. They have a really great thing going, that I would love to see happening at all schools!
Basically, each time they are together after school, they enjoy a healthy snack and then spend their time exercising through walking, hiking Takoma's Creation Health Nature Trail or doing yoga. During the fall and spring when the weather is nice, they train for 5K's using the Couch to 5K program. Some of these kids could not even walk/jog for a few minutes when they started, and now they are completing 5K's!
Don't they look great in their shirts? I look forward to meeting them out on our Creation Health trail this spring, but for today, I am off to work with the lovely students @ Tusculum View!


Oatmeal Pancakes – a simple breakfast the whole family will enjoy. Add everything into the blender, cook on your griddle and voila, you have some of the best pancakes you'll ever make.
My kids love pancakes in the morning; besides crepes, it's their most requested breakfast item. They love them so much we will even make them for dinner. And these Oatmeal Pancakes are one of my favorite recipes for my kids morning favorite.
In our house, my son Aiden is known as the pancake king. He makes some of the best pancakes I have ever had. Naturally, I thought it would be fun to have a pancake throw-down. So I needed to perfect my homemade pancake recipe, to ensure a victory.
These Oatmeal Pancakes are going to be the flapjack recipe that brings me the win! I just know it. And another great thing about these pancakes is that you can make large batches – triple or double the recipe – and freeze the already cooked pancakes for later. To warm them up, just stick them in the toaster and you have an easy, homemade pancake breakfast without bringing the blender, griddles and everything else out. Easy, right!
These pancakes have a great nutty flavor from the oats and more of a hearty texture. I love using my NutriBullet Select to make these pancakes, and of course, Raspberry Peach Sauce to go with them. Really you can make any sort of sauce or syrup to go with this oatmeal pancake recipe. I even just prefer plain with butter or peanut butter.
How do you make oatmeal pancakes?
Pulse until oats have become like flour, a fine powder.
Add flour, sugar, salt, baking powder & soda and pulse until combined.
Brown on both sides, serve hot with syrup!
How do you store pancakes?
Stack the pancakes, with a layer of wax paper in between each cake.
Store in an airtight container at room temperature for about 5-7 days.
You can also place the pancakes in the refrigerator or freezer.
They will last around 5-7 days in the refrigerator.
To freeze, store in an airtight freezer bag.
They will keep for 1-2 months in the freezer.
Unused batter can be kept in the fridge for about 5 days.
My favorite kitchen items to make this recipe for Oatmeal Pancakes are below, you will want of few of these just for your everyday cooking.
Don't forget to pin this recipe for Oatmeal Pancakes to your favorite Pinterest board for later.
Oatmeal Pancakes - a simple breakfast the whole family will enjoy. Add everything into the blender, cook on your griddle and voila, you have some of the best pancakes you'll ever make.
Place oats into blender, I used the NutriBullet Select.
And pulse until oats have become like flour, a fine powder.
Add flour, sugar, salt, baking powder & soda and pulse until combined. Add remaining ingredients and blend until smooth.
Heat a lightly oiled griddle or frying pan over medium high heat. Pour or scoop the batter onto the griddle, using approximately 1/4 cup for each pancake. Brown on both sides, serve hot with Raspberry Peach Sauce or your favorite syrup.
OMG the most delicious, fluffy pancakes.
Just what I was craving and looking for.
I made them with oatmeal and buckwheat flour and a dash of cinnamon.
That sounds delicious, I'm so glad you enjoyed them!
I want to eat these for breakfast!
We love to make pancakes on the weekend! These look so simple and yummy!
Love that this is so simply, yet delicious. Adding everything to my grocery list now!
These looks like a simple, delicious, and filling breakfast!
My kids would love these oatmeal pancakes!
I'm always looking for simple pancake recipes I can make with my kids! This one sounds perfect!
I love how easy this is! What a perfect weekend breakfast recipe!


text:
Browsing: Home » Review » GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY Vol. 2 | Review #1
GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY Vol. 2 | Review #1
"A GOOD MIX TAPE THAT CAN'T TOP THE FIRST"
BY: DANIEL GUZMAN
I was ready to take the journey to another galaxy and see Peter Quill aka Starlord(Chris Pratt) and his band of super misfits once again save the universe from annihilation. My copilot for this journey was none other than my 12 year old son. Holding on to his poster of the Guardians of the Galaxy V.2 ever so gently and having a Hershey's bar on his other hand, my son's eyes were beaming with excitement as the movie began. Guardians of the Galaxy V.2 did not disappoint him, but it didn't thrill me as much as my first encounter with the Guardians.
For those of you reading this whom have not seen the first Guardians of the Galaxy, do me a favor and read no more of my synopsis of volume 2. Go and see what all the buzz was about that was a sure fire pleaser the first time around. The adventure jumps immediately into an action scene showing the Guardians working hand in hand in the beginning of this film, fighting off some gargantuan monster that must be wreaking havoc in some galaxy. The opening action sequence is a blurb thanks to the dance sequence Baby Groot goes on to perform so effortlessly and adorably on the screen. We come to discover that the Guardians are now working as protectors for hire who were currently on a mission for a planet inhabited by gold colored human-like beings that believe there is no equal to them. We find Starlord hung up on not knowing his biological father. Briefly after this, the Guardians are saved by Quill's long lost father, Ego, played by Kurt Russell, during a galactic space pursuit. Every character is given a subplot that we are led to follow along. The bigger plot taking place is in discovering whether Ego is a good dad, or a father who just turned up out of the blue with a shadow mission at play.
Director, James Gunn, had plenty of work cut out in order to surpass the audience's expectations. The director doesn't necessarily fail, and neither do the actors. Gamora(Zoe Saldana), Drax(Dave Bautista), and Rocket(Bradley Cooper) all perform to their likeable personas. Even former adversaries from volume 1 such as Yandu(Michael Rooker) and Nebula(Karen Gillan) are given meatier roles that develop their characters. Unfortunately, the height and feverish excitement of the first film seem impossible to match while recreating much of the same funny tactics and action thrills. There is no doubt that Guardians volume 2 is a fun outing at the theater, but it feels like your seeing a fantastic magic show that you loved and are seeing for a second time. You enjoy it, but you know what is coming. In the end, you will still find my son and I in a theater line waiting eagerly to watch Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 3 whenever it hits the screens.


Biggest King Size Bed Good How Big is A King Size Bed Mattress – the best design of your choice.
astonishing Pics Of Biggest King Size Bed – From the thousands of Shots on-line concerning biggest king size bed, we selects the most collections having ideal resolution indeed for our readers, and this photos is actually among images libraries inside our good-looking pictures gallery concerning astonishing Pics Of Biggest King Size Bed. I feel you will love it.
written simply by Amanda Garza at 2018-06-11 23:58:25. To discover lots of photograph throughout astonishing Pics Of Biggest King Size Bed figure gallery be sure to comply with this specific website hyperlink.