text:
Seax of Beagnoth
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Revision as of 13:46, 30 October 2011 by BabelStone (talk | contribs) (→Description: disagree -- the sources say it made of iron, so regardless of whether it is cast iron or not we should specify that it is iron)
The Seax of Beagnoth on display at the British Museum
Iron (inlaid with copper, bronze and silver)
Length: 72.1 cm (28.4 in)
Width: 38.7 mm (1.52 in)
Thickness: 8.2 mm (0.32 in)
Runic, Old English
Period/culture
Late Anglo-Saxon
1857; River Thames, Battersea
Present location
Room 41, British Museum, London
1857,0623.1
This article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes.
The Seax of Beagnoth (also known as the Thames scramasax) is a 9th century Anglo-Saxon seax (single-edged knife). It was found in the River Thames in 1857, and is now at the British Museum in London. It is a prestige weapon, decorated with elaborate patterns of inlaid copper, bronze and silver wire. On one side of the blade is the only known complete inscription of the twenty-eight letter Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet, as well as the name "Beagnoth" in runic letters. It is thought that the runic alphabet had a magical function, and that the name Beagnoth is that of either the owner of the weapon or the smith who forged it. Although many Anglo-Saxon and Viking swords and knives have inscriptions in the Latin alphabet on their blades, or have runic inscriptions on the hilt or scabbard, the Seax of Beagnoth is one of only a handful of finds with a runic inscription on its blade.
1 Discovery
3 Epigraphy
4 Date and provenance
5 Significance
5.1 Runic inscribed blades
5.2 The inscribed futhorc
The seax was found in the River Thames near Battersea by Henry J. Briggs, a labourer, in early 1857.[note 1] Briggs sold it to the British Museum, and on 21 May 1857 it was exhibited at the Society of Antiquaries of London by Augustus Wollaston Franks (an antiquary who worked at the Antiquities Department of the British Museum), when it was described as "resembling the Scramasax of the Franks, of which examples are very rare in England; and bears a row of runic characters inlaid in gold".[2] Since then the weapon has usually been called the Thames scramasax; but the term scramasax (from Old Frankish *scrâmasahs) is only attested once, in the History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours, and the meaning of the scrama- element is uncertain,[3] so recent scholarship prefers the term long seax or long sax for this type of weapon.[4][5]
The seax is an iron knife with a single cutting edge and a long tapering point. It is 72.1 cm in length, of which the tang is 17.0 cm and the blade is 55.1 cm.[6] The tang would have been attached to a handle, which has not survived.
The blade is a prestige weapon,[7] decorated on both faces with geometric patterns created by hammering strips of twisted copper, brass and silver wire into grooves cut into the blade, as well as with inlaid triangles and lozenges of copper, brass and silver.[6] The technique of inlaying wire to create decorative patterns and inscriptions was widely used on Germanic and Anglo-Saxon seaxes and spear heads from the 9th and 10th centuries,[8] and is also found on Viking swords from about the same period.[9]
Detail of the Seax of Beagnoth, showing the inlaid wire decoration between the two inscriptions
On both sides of the seax is a deep median groove running the length of the blade, above which is a long rectangular panel bordered at the top and bottom with inlaid copper strips. The panel on one side of the seax is filled with a lozenge pattern in silver and copper, which may have been meant to simulate pattern welding.[8] The panel on the other side bears two runic inscriptions inlaid with brass and silver wire. The inscription on the left comprises the twenty-eight letters of the Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet or futhorc. The inscription on the right, separated from the other by a herringbone design in silver and brass, is the male personal name Beagnoþ or Beagnoth ᛒᛠᚷᚾᚩᚦ, which is assumed to be that of the maker or original owner of the blade.[7][10]
The inscription of the futhorc is as follows:
Order on Seax
Standard rune
Old English name
Transliteration[note 2]
Order in Vienna Codex
1 ᚠ feoh f 1
2 ᚢ ur u 2
3 ᚦ þorn þ 3
4 ᚩ ós o 4
5 ᚱ rad r 5
6 ᚳ cen c 6
7 ᚷ gyfu g 7
8 ᚹ wynn w 8
9 ᚻ hægl h 9
10 ᚾ nyd n 10
11 ᛁ is i 11
12 ᛄ ger j 12
13 ᛇ eoh ɨ 13
14 ᛈ peorð p 14
15 ᛉ eolh x 15
16 ᛋ sigel (written as ᚴ, see below) s 16
17 ᛏ Tiw t 17
18 ᛒ beorc b 18
19 ᛖ eh e 19
20 ᛝ ing ŋ 22
21 ᛞ dæg d 23
22 ᛚ lagu l 21
23 ᛗ mann m 20
24 ᛟ eþel (written as the "lantern rune" ) œ 24
25 ᚪ ac a 25
26 ᚫ æsc æ 26
27 ᚣ yr y 28
28 ᛠ ear ea 27
There are a number of interesting features about this inscription. Firstly, the order of the runes does not exactly match the traditional sequence of the earlier twenty-four letter runic alphabet or that of the twenty-eight letter Anglo-Saxon futhorc preserved in the Vienna Codex. The first nineteen runes are in the correct order, but the next four (20–23: ᛝᛞᛚᛗ) are in a confused sequence which does not match that found in any other source. The last two runes (27–28: ᚣᛠ) are swapped with regard to their order in the Vienna Codex, but as these are later additions to the original twenty-four letter runic alphabet their order may have been less stable, especially as the last letter ᛠ is very rare in Anglo-Saxon inscriptions (elsewhere it occurs in the name Jɨslheard ᛄᛇᛋᛚᚻᛠᚱᛞ on a stone found in Dover).[11]
Secondly, the 16th rune (ᛋ) is very small, and appears to have been squeezed in as an afterthought.[12]
Thirdly, the letterforms of a number of the runes are unusual:
No.12 ᛄ ger is written in an unusual form, with a single horizontal bar instead of the circle, lozenge or cross most commonly found in other epigraphic and manuscript examples.[13]
No.16 ᛋ is written in an unusual form, but one that is attested in a few other inscriptions (for example on the shrine of Saint Cuthbert). Some scholars believe this runic letterform is borrowed from the insular letter s ꞅ used in Anglo-Saxon bookhand as it has a very similar shape (both have a vertical stem with a horizontal or diagonal branch to the right).[14] On the other hand, Elliot sees it as an evolution of the normal runic letter by straightening the left branching stroke and mirroring the letter.[15]
No.21 ᛞ is written in a unique form with the two diagonal crossbars forming a triangle rather than crossing in the middle. This is probably an aberrant form.[12]
No.24 ᛟ is written in an unusual form with a single vertical stem instead of two diagonal legs as is normally the case. This form occurs occasionally in runic inscriptions, and more often in manuscript texts.[14] Ralph Elliott, former professor of English at the University of Adelaide, suggests that it represents a simplified form of the standard rune.[11]
No.27 ᚣ is written in an unusual form with a cross in the centre rather than a vertical stroke.[14]
These peculiarities may indicate that the artisan who designed the inscription was unfamiliar with runic writing,[16] although perhaps some of the unusual letterforms may have been errors occasioned by the difficulty of inlaying wire to form runes.[14]
The inscription of the name Beagnoth is as follows:
There are no unusual features in the inscription of the name, but at the top right of the name are two strange designs that almost look like letters, which no-one has been able to explain.
Date and provenance
Finds of seaxes in Europe range from the 7th to the 11th century, and the earliest examples in England are from 7th-century graves.[6] Isolated finds of seaxes in England are believed to date from the 9th and 10th centuries.[12][17] The exact date that the Seax of Beagnoth was made is uncertain, but on stylistic and epigraphical grounds it has been dated to the 9th century,[7][10] possibly as late as circa 900.[18]
Several seaxes of a similar kind are known from southern England (three from London, one from Suffolk, one from the River Thames at Keen Edge Ferry in Berkshire), and one from Hurbuck in County Durham in the north of England.[19] The Berkshire seax is so similar in construction and design to the Seax of Beagnoth that both may have come from the same workshop.[20]
Elliott suggests a southern, presumably Kentish, origin for the seax because its inscription only comprises the original twenty-eight letters of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc, and does not include any of the additional letters in use in Northumbrian runic inscriptions at that time.[10]
The name Beagnoth inscribed on the seax also supports a Kentish provenance, as the only two examples of this name in manuscript sources are Kentish. One Beagnoth was a witness to a charter (S30) by King Eardwulf of Kent, granting pasture rights to the church of St Andrew at Rochester, Kent, which is dated to 748–760,[21] and another Beagnoth (also spelled Beahnoþ) was a monk from Kent who was present at the Synod of Clovesho in 803 and witnessed a charter by King Æthelwulf of Wessex dated to 844.[22] The name "Beagnoth" derives from the Old English words bēag or bēah meaning "ring, bracelet, torque or crown" and nōþ meaning "boldness", and can be translated as "Ringbold".[23]
Daniel Haigh (1819–1879), a noted Victorian scholar of Anglo-Saxon history and literature, in an 1872 study of the runic monuments of Kent, considered the possibility that although the Beagnoth Seax was found in England, because the scramasax was thought at that time to be a Frankish weapon, it may have been an import from the continent, and would originally have belonged to a Frank. He therefore attempted to read the name as if the runes represented Old Frankish, suggesting the hypothetical Frankish name Baugnanth (reading ᛠ as au, and ᚩ as an).[24] However, modern scholarship considers Anglo-Saxon seaxes to be native to England,[25] and Haigh's theory is not widely accepted today.
The Seax of Beagnoth is significant both as a rare example of a runic-inscribed Anglo-Saxon weapon, and specifically for its runic inscription, which is a unique epigraphical example of the complete twenty-eight letter Anglo-Saxon futhorc.[7]
Runic inscribed blades
Further information: blade inscription
There was a widespread tradition throughout Northern Europe of inscribing runes on weapons, particularly swords. Thus, in Stanza 6 of the eddaic poem Sigrdrífumál the valkyrie Sigrdrífa teaches the hero Sigurd how to engrave runes on his sword to provide magical protection:
"Sigrúnar þú skalt kunna,
ef þú vilt sigr hafa,
ok rísta á hialti hiǫrs,
sumar á véttrimum,
sumar á valbǫstum,
ok nefna tysvar Tý"[26]
"Victory runes you must know
if you will have victory,
and carve the on the sword's hilt,
some on the grasp
and some on the inlay,
and name Tyr twice."[26]
This poem was not committed to writing until the late 13th century (in the Codex Regius), although it may preserve elements from a much earlier date. However, a similar admonishment to carve runes on swords is found in lines 1694–1698 of the Old English poem Beowulf, which is roughly contemporary with the Seax of Beagnoth:
"Swā wæs on ðǣm scennum scīran goldes
þurh rūn‐stafas rihte gemearcod,
geseted and gesǣd, hwām þæt sweord geworht,
īrena cyst ǣrest wǣre,
wreoþen‐hilt ond wyrm‐fāh."[27]
"On clear gold labels let into the cross-piece
it was rightly told in runic letters,
set down and sealed, for whose sake it was
that the sword was first forged, that finest of iron,
spiral-hilted, serpent-bladed."[28]
This poem mentions the practice of carving the sword-owner's name in runes on the hilt. This practice is confirmed by a 6th-century sword pommel from Kent, as well as a 6th-century silver scabbard mouth-piece from Chessell Down, Isle of Wight, which both preserve fragmentary runic inscriptions. The latter is the only known example of an Anglo-Saxon runic inscription on a weapon from outside Kent.[29] Several other Anglo-Saxon weapons have isolated runic letters on them. For example a tiw rune ᛏ, symbolizing the Anglo-Saxon war god Tiw (Tyr in the earlier quotation from the Sigrdrífumál), is found on two sword-pommels and a spear blade, all from Kent.[30] Thus, although some Anglo-Saxon runic inscriptions on weapons are known, none are as extensive or as prominent as the runic inscription on the Seax of Beagnoth. Furthermore, the Seax is Beagnoth is the only known Anglo-Saxon weapon with a runic inscription on its blade, and indeed, other than the Schretzheim sword, which has a cryptic runic inscription on its blade comprising four runes in a cross formation, there are no other certain examples from anywhere in Europe of a sword or knife blade with a runic inscription. In contrast, inscriptions in the Latin alphabet occur frequently on Viking swords. For example, some one hundred swords with the maker's name "Ulfberht" inlaid into the blade are known from a period of about 300 years.[31]
On the basis of the Beowulf quotation it may be that "Beagnoth" was the Seax's original owner's name. However, that is not certain, as Viking and Anglo-Saxon weapons often have the name of the weapon's maker engraved on them instead of, or as well as, the owner's (as on the Sittingbourne seax shown below). Raymond Page, former Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Cambridge, considers four possibilities:[32]
A "broken-back" seax from Sittingbourne in Kent, inscribed in Insular majuscules ☩ BIORHTELM ME ÞORTE ("Biorhtelm made me") and ☩ S[I]GEBEREHT ME AH ("S[i]gebereht owns me").
1. That the name is that of the smith who forged the seax, as swords from the Dark Ages often had their maker's name engraved on them.
2. That the name is that of the rune-master who wrote the futhorc. Page supposes that adding the rune-master's name would have added extra magical power to the weapon.
3. That the name is that of the original owner of the seax, for as he notes, "[t]he scramasax is an impressive piece of equipment, one that an owner would be proud to see his name on".[32]
4. That the name is that of someone who gave the seax as a present to someone else, for it is "distinguished enough to make a fine gift bearing the giver's name".[32]
Page concludes that we cannot know which possibility is correct.
The inscribed futhorc
Anglo-Saxon disc-headed pin from Malton, North Yorkshire, engraved with the first seven or eight letters of the futhorc,[note 3] followed by the three vowel letters (ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᚷᛚᚪᚫᛖ).
The runic inscription on the seax not only identifies the maker or owner of the seax, but also provides a rare example of the twenty-eight letter Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet. Examples of the earlier, twenty-four letter Elder Futhark and sixteen letter Younger Futhark alphabets are relatively common in continental and Scandinavian runic inscriptions, but inscriptions of the historically later Anglo-Saxon futhorc are rare in England, with most examples of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc being known from manuscript sources. This seax represents the only surviving epigraphic inscription of the basic twenty-eight letter Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet,[6] although an incomplete inscription of the first sixteen letters of the futhorc occurs on the disc-shaped head of a Middle Saxon pin from Brandon, Suffolk,[12] and the first seven or eight letters of the futhorc are inscribed on the head of a pin from Malton, North Yorkshire.[33]
It is unclear what purpose the inscription of the futhorc served, but Page suggests it cannot be simply decorative, but must have had a magical significance.[34] He notes that the carving of runic letters on swords as a form of magical protection was an ancient practice, but by the 9th century rune lore was probably on the decline in the Kingdom of Kent, and the owner of the seax may have commissioned an archaic runic inscription for prestige purposes. The fact that there are errors in the order and design of the runic letters suggests that the smith who made the seax was not used to adding such runic inscriptions to the weapons he made,[16] and they may have been copied inaccurately from a manuscript text.[18]
Anglo-Saxon art
Franks Casket
Viking Age arms and armour
^ Briggs sold many archaeological finds from the Thames mud to the British Museum between 1843 and 1866, including the Battersea Shield.[1]
^ The system of runic transliteration used is that given in Page 1987, p. 19.
^ According to Page 1999, the eighth letter lagu ᛚ may be an error for the similar-looking letter wynn ᚹ, which is the eighth letter of the futhorc.
^ "Biographical details for Henry J Briggs". British Museum. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
^ London, Society of Antiquaries of (1857), "Notices for Thursday May 21st 1857", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquitaries of London, 4 (47): 83.
^ Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989, ISBN 0198611862
^ Underwood 1999, p. 68
^ Gale The Seax in Hawkes Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England Oxford 1989 ISBN 0947816216
^ a b c d "Search the collection database : seax". British Museum. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
^ a b c d Page 1987, p. 40
^ a b Oakeshott 2006, p. 35
^ Oakeshott 1991, p. 6
^ a b c Elliott 1980, p. 79
^ a b Elliott 1980, p. 36
^ Page 2006, pp. 40, 46
^ Elliott 1980, p. 80
^ a b Thorsson 1987, p. 23
^ DeVries 2007, p. 232
^ a b Wilson 1964, p. 73
^ Backhouse 1984, p. 101
^ "PASE Index of persons : Beagnoth 1 (Male)". Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
^ "PASE Index of persons : Beahnoth 1 (Male)". Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
^ Krause 1993, p. 16
^ Haigh 1872, pp. 235–236
^ a b Jansson 1987, p. 15
^ Wrenn 1973, p. 160
^ Alexander 2003, p. 61
^ Wilson 1992, pp. 120–122
^ Williams 2009, p. 124
^ a b c Page 2006, p. 165
^ Page 1999
^ Page 2006, pp. 114–115
Alexander, Michael (2003), Beowulf: a verse translation (revised ed.), Penguin, ISBN 9780140449310
Backhouse, Janet; Turner, Derek Howard; Webster, Leslie (1984), The Golden age of Anglo-Saxon art: 966 — 1066, British Museum Press, ISBN 9780714105321
DeVries, Kelly; Smith, Robert Douglas (2007), Medieval weapons: an illustrated history of their impact, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1851095268
Elliott, Ralph Warren Victor (1980) [1959], Runes: an Introduction (reprint ed.), Manchester University Press, ISBN 9780719007873
Haigh, Daniel H. (1872), "Notes in Illustration of the Runic Monuments of Kent", Archæologia Cantiana, 8: 164–270, ISSN 0066-5894
Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik (1987), Runes in Sweden, Foote, Peter (trans.), Gidlunds, ISBN 9789178440672
Krause, Wolfgang (1993), Sammlung Göschen (reprint ed.), Walter de Gruyter & Co., ISBN 311014042 Check |isbn= value: length (help)
Looijenga, Tineke (2003), Texts and Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions, Brill, ISBN 9789004123960
Oakeshott, Ewart (1991), Records of the Medieval Sword, Boydell Press, ISBN 9780851155661
Oakeshott, Ewart (2006), The Sword in the Age of Chivalry, Boydell Press, ISBN 9780851157153
Page, Raymond Ian (1987), Runes, Reading the past, British Museum Press, ISBN 9780714180656
Page, Raymond Ian (1999), "Recent Finds of Anglo-Saxon Runes (c. 1998)", Nytt om runer, 14: 9–11, ISSN 0801-3756
Page, Raymond Ian (2006) [1973], An Introduction to English Runes (2nd ed.), Boydell Press, ISBN 978085115946X Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
Thorsson, Edred (1987), Runelore: A Handbook of Esoteric Runology, Weiser, ISBN 9780877286677
Underwood, Richard (1999), Anglo-Saxon Weapons and Warfare, Tempus Publishing Ltd., ISBN 9780752414126
Williams, Alan (2009), "A Metallurgical Study of Some Viking Swords", Gladius, XXIX: 121–184, doi:10.3989/gladius.2009.218, ISSN 0436-029X
Wilson, David Mackenzie (1964), Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork 700 — 1100, in the British Museum, British Museum Press
Wilson, David Raoul (1992), Anglo-Saxon Paganism, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9780415018975
Wrenn, Charles Leslie (1973), Beowulf with the Finnesburg Fragment (3rd ed.), Harrap, ISBN 9780245510083
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Tag Archives: do they know it's christmas
Shelby's 10 Worst Christmas Songs #2
10 Comments Posted by Shelby on December 21, 2011
This one goes in the "are you kidding me???" category:
#2 Do They Know It's Christmas (by various celebrity do-gooders)
I've said it before–I'm a child of the 80s, and I love 80s music. LOVE. But you know, there's some really bad stuff floating around out there, and this song is one of them.
Do They Know It's Christmas was recorded by a group of British and Irish pop stars as a part of Band Aid (the name always cracks me up) to raise money for famine relief. Recorded in 1984, it represented an era of rock stars who thought that getting a bunch of famous people together and singing a song could eradicate world hunger (see also: "We Are the World" and "Hands Across America").
This song is truly awful, but it does have two good things going for it: 1) it apparently raised a lot of money, so, yay! and 2) the video is unbelievably awesome:
And first, a few notes about the video. It's a real trip down memory lane seeing some of those faces. Boy George's shoulder pads are so huge he probably had to turn sideways to get through doorways. The hairstyles are, as always, classic 80s (and I'm personally convinced that the 80s is in a large part responsible for the hole in the ozone layer due to its massive overuse of Aqua Net, and I don't exclude myself here). George Michael sings, which marks his second appearance on Shelby's Worst Christmas Songs like. George, just stick to non-holiday music, okay? And even among this group of highly talented and fashionable men, George Michael STILL has the best mullet.
My heart melted a little at the sight of all of the original members of Duran Duran. I went to one of their concerts in the last few years where they'd replaced a few members and oh my god, it was horrible. So seeing Duran Duran in its original configuration was wonderful. Over there on the drums was Phil Collins, which prompted me to think "Dude, he didn't have any hair all the way back in 1984???" And seriously–Sting? STING! He looks so young! I mean, I know it's almost 30 years later (!) but Sting looks like a toddler version of himself in this video, and according to my lazy research, he was 33 at the time of taping. It's awesome to see a young Bono too.
But that's where my praise of the song ends.
Because really, let's take a good look at it.
It's Christmas time
There's no need to be afraid
At Christmas time
We let in light, and we banish shade
Okay, that's no so bad.
And in our world of plenty
we can spread a smile of joy
throw your arms around the world
Yes! Every Christmas I just want to give the whole world a great big hug!
But say a prayer
pray for the other ones
at Christmas time, it's hard
but when you're having fun
It's hard?
There's a world outside your window
and it's a world of dreaded fear
Oh god, that's cheery!
Where the only water flowing
is a bitter sting of tears
Okay, yes, Africa (specifically Ethiopia) was, at the time, experiencing a horrific drought, but Africa is a BIG continent.
And the Christmas bells that ring there
are the clanging chimes of doom
Clanging chimes of doom? Seriously?
Well tonight thank God it's them
instead of you
Whoa, whoa, whoa–wait a minute here. Thank god it's them instead of me? Like every year, right after I declare I want to give the whole wide world a big hug, I think "Thank God, there are starving people in Africa…and I'm not one of them!!" yep, that sounds about right.
And there won't be snow in Africa this Christmas time
the greatest gift they'll get this year is life
Again, Africa = Big Place. There may not be snow in the flat lands of Ethiopia, but that doesn't mean there's no snow at all. And isn't life the greatest gift we ALL get?
Where nothing ever grows
no rain or rivers flow
do they know it's Christmas time at all?
No rain or rivers flow? Except, like, the NILE??? You know, the longest river in the world? And do they know it's Christmas? Do YOU know they're not all Christians?
raise your glass for everyone
Here's to them
underneath that burning sun
The real question is, do they care? No, because they're all dying.
Let them know it's Christmas time
(repeat several times)
Or, I have an idea–how about we just feed them every day of the year? Like "Hey, here's some rice, since you're a human being enduring unimaginable suffering" instead of "Hey, here's some rice–Merry Christmas!"
Perhaps my favorite part of this whole story is that Bob Geldof, one of the people who wrote the song, now completely hates it. My favorite quote:
He said: 'I am responsible for two of the worst songs in history. One is Do They Know It's Christmas? and the other one is We Are The World.
'Any day soon, I will go to the supermarket, head to the meat counter and it will be playing. Every ****ing Christmas.'
Heh. So why do people keep playing it, and an even bigger question–why do people keep re-recording it???
Do me a Christmas favor and retire this one.
#10 Santa Baby (Madonna)
#9 Jingle Bells by the Singing Dogs
#8 Feliz Navidad
#7 Last Christmas (Wham!)
#6 The Chipmunk Song/I Want A Hippopotamus for Christmas
#5 The Chanukah Song (original version) by Adam Sandler
#4 Grandma Got Run Over By a Reindeer
#3 Please Daddy Don't Get Drunk This Christmas
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kolkata: US-based Indian poet Ranjani Murali received the 'Woman's Voice Award' at the Apeejay Kolkata Literary Festival (AKLF) here.
Murali received the award on Sunday, the last day of the literary festival. The award carries a cash prize of Rs 1 lakh apart from a citation.
The objective of the award – 'Prabha Khaitan Womans Voice Award' – is to recognise and encourage creative writing by women in India, to create a forum for their work and to support the publication of their writing, AKLF Director Anjum Katyal said.


text:
Días sin luna (lit. Dias sem lua) é uma telenovela mexicana produzida pela Televisa e exibida entre 14 de maio e 31 de agosto de 1990, substituindo Simplemente María e sendo substituída por Angeles blancos.

Foi protagonizada por Angélica Aragón, Sergio Goyri e Gabriela Roel e antagonizada por Ofelia Guilmáin e Sylvia Pasquel.

Enredo
Lúcia é uma mulher que sofre de uma doença crônica. Ela vive com seu tio Roger e sua atual esposa Laura, que odeia Lucia e por isso, esconde um passado humilde e disposto a revelar. Lucia tem qualidades artísticas: toca piano e canta. Mas por causa de sua doença e eventos traumáticos que ocorreu em sua infância sempre está deprimida e excluída. Andrew é um jovem professor que trabalha na escola onde Roger é o diretor, e Lúcia se apaixona por ele, mas Andrew tem outra namorada, Silvia uma jovem infeliz, que é completamente dominada por sua mãe possessiva, Carlota Parlange, uma mulher cruel e amarga que odeia a filha e faz sua vida miserável. Silvia, portanto, em meio a tanta infelicidade encontra consolo em Andrew. Enquanto isso, Carlota está disposta a fazer qualquer coisa para destruir a sua filha. Além de Alfonso, ela tem uma filha adotiva, Lorena, completamente oposta à de sua mãe, escondendo-se atrás de sua personalidade tímida. Ela se opõe a todos os males que planeja para sua mãe, mas não tem a coragem de enfrentá-la.

Elenco
 Angélica Aragón .... Lucía Álvarez
 Sergio Goyri .... Andrew Monasterio
 Gabriela Roel .... Sylvia Parlange
 Ofelia Guilmáin .... Carlota Parlange
 Silvia Pasquel .... Laura Santamaría
 Daniela Castro .... Lorena Parlange
 Jorge Russek .... Rogelio Santamaría
 Gaston Tusset .... Alfonso Parlange
 Lupita Sandoval .... Chayito
 Lucía Guilmáin .... Lourdes
 Juan Carlos Casasola .... Gastón Solís
 Mercedes Olea .... Sonia
 Maty Huitrón .... Magdalena
 Zaide Silvia Gutiérrez .... Irene
 Mario Iván Martínez .... Jaime
 Jair de Rubín .... Rodrigo Parlange
 Alejandro Gaitán .... Julio Monasterio
 Magda Giner .... Tere
 Patricia Bolaños .... Marcela
 Miriam Calderón .... Cirila
 John Pike .... Marcial
 Alicia Brug Alcocer .... Chelita
 David Rencoret .... Rodolfo
 Berenice Domínguez .... Estíbaliz

Prêmios e indicações

Prêmios TVyNovelas 1991

Ligações externas

Días sin luna no Alma-latina.net

Telenovelas do México
Telenovelas da Televisa da década de 1990
Programas de televisão do México que estrearam em 1990
Programas de televisão do México encerrados em 1990
Telenovelas em espanhol

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: mysqli_fetchall($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC) returns associative array of null values I'm just trying to get data from a table in a MySQL database, but outputting the result after running mysqli_fetch_all($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC); returns {"current_field":null, "field_count":null, "lengths":null, "num_rows":null, "type":null}. I haven't had a problem with this before, as I was getting correct data back before. Other queries that would return true like INSERT and UPDATE work fine, and there are records in the table. I am, however, pretty new to PHP, so I could be missing something obvious.
<?php

include("APIBase.php");

//Get query from POST request
//$content = trim(file_get_contents("php://input"));
//$decoded = json_decode($content, true);
//$query = $decoded["apiData"];

if($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "GET"){
    //exit("yeahhhh no");
    $query = "SELECT * FROM `user_accounts`"; //this line for testing purposes
}

//connect to database
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "id14495771_root", "Thereisnopa55word$", "id14495771_user_info");
$result = mysqli_query($conn, mysqli_escape_string($conn, $query));

//check result
if($result == false){
    exit(APIResponse(true, mysqli_error($conn), array()));
}
else if($result == true){
    $data = $result;
}
else {
    $data = mysqli_fetch_all($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);
}

//free and close connection
mysqli_free_result($result);
mysqli_close($conn);

//return data
$output = APIResponse(false, "", $data);
exit($output);
?>

APIBase.php:
<?php

header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *");

function APIResponse(bool $isError, $errorMessage = "", $data){
    $output = array("isError" => $isError, "errorMessage" => $errorMessage, "data" => $data);
    exit(json_encode($output));
}

?>

A: In my else if statements, I was using == instead of ===. So after type-juggling, $result==true came back as true. To fix this, just replace == with === to check type as well.

A: Do a strict comparison for the if else statement.

A: if you got a results or not..  this condition
( $result  == true )

will be always your case.
the result variables there is some property and methods belong to A class Php Doc
If you assign the address of the result to the data it will be lost after free result and closing the connection.
the best ways is loop through result using fetch and fill an array or an object dynamically.
the you free the result.
Or maybe you have to clone the result not just assign it as any other variables try it maybe it works.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New legal sector powerlist to be launched by Financial News
Clare Dickinson
The FN20 Most Influential in Legal Services will feature the lawyers working on the largest and most innovative corporate and financial services deals and cases
FN20 Most Influential in Legal Services
legal sector power list
World Economic Forum to be held in Singapore in 2021
James Booth
Tuesday December 08, 2020 10:07am
The meeting of global political and business leaders is usually held in the Swiss mountain resort Davos
Europe's 50 Most Influential in Private Equity in 2020
Monday November 30, 2020 10:29am
The third annual list of the 50 Most Influential People in European Private Equity, compiled by Private Equity News and Financial News
50 Most Influential People in European Private Equity
PE50
Double win for Private Equity News editorial team
PEN Editorial
Thursday November 12, 2020 1:00pm
Dow Jones journalists win clutch of prizes at State Street's UK Institutional Press Awards
Revealed: European private equity's most influential women
Mark Latham and Elisângela Mendonça
Monday October 19, 2020 8:57am
We highlight the 10 women in private equity from Financial News's 14th list of the 100 Most Influential Women in European Finance
FN100
Women in private equity
Meet the European private equity's most influential women
The World Economic Forum will not be held in Davos in 2021
Wednesday September 23, 2020 8:25am
The postponed meeting of global political and business leaders will also be moved from the location it has become synonymous with
Davos 2021 'probably' cancelled due to Covid-19
Tuesday September 22, 2020 12:29pm
The meeting of global political and business leaders has reportedly been cancelled
Private equity powerlist: deadline for submissions extended
Tuesday September 08, 2020 10:14am
FN50 Most Influential in Private Equity 2020 list will be published at the end of November
Wanted: Most influential people in private equity
PEN and Financial News are accepting submissions for the third FN50 list until 11 September
FN50 Most Influential in Private Equity 2020 nominations still open
Wednesday August 19, 2020 10:51am
The deadline for submissions is close of business on 11 September
Wanted: Nominations for FN100 Most Influential Women in Finance
Thursday June 04, 2020 2:21pm
The deadline for submissions is 29 June
Meet the 2020 Rising Stars of European Private Equity
Monday May 25, 2020 7:00am
This year's 25 rising stars stand out for their ability to help shape the future of their firms as the sector emerges from the coronavirus crisis
Wanted: Nominations for Private Equity Rising Stars
Monday February 03, 2020 11:47am
We are looking for young executives who are making their mark on the European private equity industry
Private equity's most influential list: deadline extended
FN & PEN are seeking nominations for its second FN50 Most Influential in Private Equity list
In Pictures: Private Equity Rising Stars Dinner 2019
Wanted: Nominations for FN's Women in European Finance list
PEN team
Friday June 21, 2019 1:11pm
Submission deadline for the annual list is July 4, 2019
Juliette Pearse
Wednesday February 27, 2019 12:26pm
The hunt is on for the best young talent in European private equity
See more online editions
© 2021 Private Equity News


(Full disclosure: I'm already an active participant here and at StackOverflow, but for reasons that should hopefully be obvious, I'm choosing to ask this particular question anonymously).
I currently work for a small software shop that produces software that's sold commercially to manage small- to mid-size business in a couple of fairly specialized industries. Because these industries are customer-facing, a large portion of the software is related to storing and managing customer information. In particular, the storage (and securing) of customer credit card information. With that, of course, comes PCI compliance.
To make a long story short, I'm left with a couple of questions about why certain things were done the way they were, and I'm unfortunately without much of a resource at the moment. This is a very small shop (I report directly to the owner, as does the only other full-time employee), and the owner doesn't have an answer to these questions, and the previous developer is...err...unavailable.
There are any NON-encrypted pieces of sensitive information in the database (added through a manual database statement instead of through the business object, for example). This should not happen during the ordinary use of the software.
The current key has been in use for more than a particular period of time. I believe it's 12 months, but I'm not certain of that. The point here is that the key "expires".
This is my first foray into commercial solution development that deals with PCI, so I am unfortunately uneducated on the practices involved. Is there some aspect of PCI compliance that mandates (or even just strongly recommends) periodic key updating?
This isn't a huge issue for me other than I don't currently have a good explanation to give to end users if they ask why they are being prompted to run it.
Question 1: Is the concept of key expiration standard, and, if so, is that simply industry-standard or an element of PCI?
Here's my real issue...the encryption key is stored in the database, just obfuscated. The key is padded on the left and right with a few garbage bytes and some bits are twiddled, but fundamentally there's nothing stopping an enterprising person from examining our (dotfuscated) code, determining the pattern used to turn the stored key into the real key, then using that key to run amok. This seems like a horrible practice to me, but I want to make sure that this isn't just one of those "grin and bear it" practices that people in this industry have taken to. I have developed an alternative approach that would prevent such an attack, but I'm just looking for a sanity check here.
Question 2: Is this method of key storage--namely storing the key in the database using an obfuscation method that exists in client code--normal or crazy?
Believe me, I know that free advice is worth every penny that I've paid for it, nobody here is an attorney (or at least isn't offering legal advice), caveat emptor, etc. etc., but I'm looking for any input that you all can provide. Thank you in advance!
Issue 1 : You mention password encryption. Firstly why are passwords rather than salted hashes of passwords used? As for key rotation/expiration, I've seen (and coded for) policies like that. The longer a key is in use (and the more times it is used) the higher the risk it may become comprised/discovered. Some systems, for example Windows DPAPI automatically expire keys, SSL certificates have expiration dates after which a lot of systems will not use them to encrypt new data and so on.
Issue 2: Yes, that's bad. Incredibly bad.
The PCI compliance audit specs for the PAN state "Strong cryptography, such as Triple-DES 128-bit or AES 256-bit, with associated key management processes and procedures"
Rotation could be argued to be part of the key management process, and storing the key securely away from the data definitely is part a key management process.
If you've not already I'd recommend looking through the PA-DSS and PCI-DSS docs, as they've got a lot of info. regarding the requirements. If your software is certified for PA-DSS then I'd guess you'll have a QSA who should have more specific information about expectations for passing those requirements.
In terms of managing the encryption of data, if you can I'd recommend using inbuilt features from whichever database engine you're using in that getting application level crypto. right can be very tricky. There's a good paper on the options here.
(Also known as re-keying). Yes, that is normal, though not required.
Specifically, expiring keys is necessary, and required by PCI. At least once a year, with the option of doing it sooner.
How you deal with that is another matter... For instance, once the key for 2010 expires, what do you do with all the data that was encrypted with that key?
One solution is to store a history of all keys, and a "key version" for each piece of data so that when you decrypt it, you'll know which key to use. (Of course you encrypt using only the new key.) Another solution is the aforementioned rekeying - only have a single at each point (except during rekeying...) and when expiring, decrypt with the old key and re-encrypt with the new one.
Quite simply, its bad, and makes encryption (not quite, but nearly) pointless.
Proper key management techniques in general, and PCI in particular, define a strict key management policy and procedures. Some of it is technical: e.g. the Encryption Key (EK) must be encrypted using strong encryption, e.g. DPAPI; some of it is procedural: e.g access to the Key Encryption Key (KEK) must be documented; some of it is manual: e.g. split knowledge / dual control of the KEK.
As @Rory said, talk to your PA QSA, and if you don't have one - get one.
I am most interested in the 2nd question. I struggled sometime with understanding the reasons for storing the encryption key so close to the encrypted data, even though you store it encrypted with a key encryption key.
The only reason that I can think of is using the database encryption infrastructure/capabilities for performing transparent encryption/decryption. Though, this is highly database vendor specific (as stated in a document linked by a previous post too).
I would advice keeping the keys in a different storage, protected by passwords or with an HSM device.
Issue 1 : I'm amazed it's only after 12 months. Our servers require new keys/passwords every 3 months. Nothing credit card related, but still. I guess that's sensible practice, although I can't say for sure it's PCI compliant, but if it isn't, it should be.
Issue 2 : Sounds very sane to me. I'd never store a key, not even obfuscated, right next to the data. That's just an open challenge: "Please, try and hack me".
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged cryptography key-management compliance pci-dss or ask your own question.
What is the most cost effective way to comply with PCI requirement 6.5, developer training?


4. S1 Nowadays, air pollution is a common problem in many places. What can people do to reduce air pollution? Include reasons and details to support your response.
5. S1 One of your friends wants to increase his income. What suggestions can you give to him? Please give specific details.
S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Instead of always being busy, people should have a relaxed lifestyle.


text:
LAND AND WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH GROUP
Special Issue in Water
Dr. Christopher Wellen (PI)
Dr. Wellen is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Ryerson University. Chris is an environmental scientist whose work focuses on the intersection of hydrology and biogeochemistry in human dominated environments. His work has focused on agricultural, urban, and surface mined areas, but the essential questions are typically: How do natural processes and human modifications to a watershed interact to transport water and materials? What are the effects on instream and downstream ecosystems, and how are these effects likely to change in the future?
Dr. Wellen received a PhD from the University of Toronto in 2013 focusing on comparing the phosphorus export dynamics of urban and agricultural watersheds. His postdoctoral work at McMaster University focused on the role of surface mining in affecting selenium release from watersheds. His subsequent postdoctoral work at the University of Waterloo focused on improving the numerical analysis of watershed data from agricultural systems. Dr. Wellen received an MSc in GIScience from McGill University and a BSc in Water Environments and Ecosystems from McGill University's School of the Environment.
Alexander Pardy
Masters of Spatial Analysis
Mallory Carpenter
Currently GIS Specialist with Ducks Unlimited Canada
Jung Lee
Research Technician
Currently Supply Chain Analyst at OECM
Hannah Burdett
Currently PhD Student at the University of Waterloo
Larissa Gospodyn
Masters of Environmental Applied Science and Managament
Currently Research Assistant at Ryerson University
Dr. Sohom Mandal
Currently Lead Data Scientist at Canadian National Rail
Dr. Clare Nelligan
Currently Biologist at Minnow Consulting
Bryant Serre
Currently M. Sc. Student at McGill University
Dr. Cody Ross
Post-Doctoral Fellow, co-supervised with Claire Oswald
Cody joined the group in January 2021 following a PhD at the University of Manitoba. His work focuses on the development of surrogate models for predicting concentrations of critical water quality parameters. More broadly this work aims to leverage available sensor technologies to better understand high-frequency water quality dynamics and guide future monitoring programs. Fun fact: Cody enjoys cycling and completed a solo, unsupported Winnipeg – California round-trip in 2012.
Dr. Kelly Biagi
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Kelly is working to determine the landscape drivers behind nutrient loading dynamics in several headwater streams in Southern Ontario. Kelly joined the team in April 2021 after completing her PhD at McMaster University which focussed on constructed wetland hydrology and hydrochemistry in the Athabasca oil sands region. Kelly loves spending time outside, camping and hiking but also enjoys spending time at home playing board games and trying to improve her green thumb.
Bhaswati Mazumder
Bhaswati joined the team after completing MSA at Ryerson. Her research focuses on chloride pathways in watersheds due to road salt applications. Current research interests include legacy chloride due to long term road salting in urban and urbanizing catchments, chloride retention in soil, and water quality modelling.
Larissa Gospodyn
Larissa joined the lab in May 2018 as a research assistant. She began her MASc degree in the following fall and completed it in August 2020. Larissa's research focuses on isotope hydrology in agricultural catchments and other research interests include water quality and catchment hydrology.
Baochen (Noah) Wang
MASc Student
Noah joined the lab in September, 2020. His work focuses on chloride retention in urban soils.
Shanice Rodrigues
MSA Student
Shanice joined the lab in September, 2020. Her work is focused on assessing the value of water stable isotope data in hydrological and water quality modelling.


IZABELA AKAR-KASYNA has position Secretary in company DYNAMICS PROFESSIONAL SOLUTIONS LTD. At current position Secretary of company DYNAMICS PROFESSIONAL SOLUTIONS LTD is 13 years.
IZABELA AKAR-KASYNA has been employed at DYNAMICS PROFESSIONAL SOLUTIONS LTD since 2006.05.10 currently as a Secretary.
IZABELA AKAR-KASYNA Score for IZABELA AKAR-KASYNA is 4.5 stars.


text:
package com.microsoft.azure.management.streamanalytics.v2016_03_01;

import java.util.List;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeName;
import com.microsoft.rest.serializer.JsonFlatten;

/**
 * The binding to an Azure Machine Learning web service.
 */
@JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY, property = "type")
@JsonTypeName("Microsoft.MachineLearning/WebService")
@JsonFlatten
public class AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding extends FunctionBinding {
    /**
     * The Request-Response execute endpoint of the Azure Machine Learning web
     * service. Find out more here:
     * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/machine-learning-consume-web-services#request-response-service-rrs.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.endpoint")
    private String endpoint;

    /**
     * The API key used to authenticate with Request-Response endpoint.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.apiKey")
    private String apiKey;

    /**
     * The inputs for the Azure Machine Learning web service endpoint.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.inputs")
    private AzureMachineLearningWebServiceInputs inputs;

    /**
     * A list of outputs from the Azure Machine Learning web service endpoint
     * execution.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.outputs")
    private List<AzureMachineLearningWebServiceOutputColumn> outputs;

    /**
     * Number between 1 and 10000 describing maximum number of rows for every
     * Azure ML RRS execute request. Default is 1000.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.batchSize")
    private Integer batchSize;

    /**
     * Get the Request-Response execute endpoint of the Azure Machine Learning web service. Find out more here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/machine-learning-consume-web-services#request-response-service-rrs.
     *
     * @return the endpoint value
     */
    public String endpoint() {
        return this.endpoint;
    }

    /**
     * Set the Request-Response execute endpoint of the Azure Machine Learning web service. Find out more here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/machine-learning-consume-web-services#request-response-service-rrs.
     *
     * @param endpoint the endpoint value to set
     * @return the AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding object itself.
     */
    public AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding withEndpoint(String endpoint) {
        this.endpoint = endpoint;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the API key used to authenticate with Request-Response endpoint.
     *
     * @return the apiKey value
     */
    public String apiKey() {
        return this.apiKey;
    }

    /**
     * Set the API key used to authenticate with Request-Response endpoint.
     *
     * @param apiKey the apiKey value to set
     * @return the AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding object itself.
     */
    public AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding withApiKey(String apiKey) {
        this.apiKey = apiKey;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the inputs for the Azure Machine Learning web service endpoint.
     *
     * @return the inputs value
     */
    public AzureMachineLearningWebServiceInputs inputs() {
        return this.inputs;
    }

    /**
     * Set the inputs for the Azure Machine Learning web service endpoint.
     *
     * @param inputs the inputs value to set
     * @return the AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding object itself.
     */
    public AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding withInputs(AzureMachineLearningWebServiceInputs inputs) {
        this.inputs = inputs;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get a list of outputs from the Azure Machine Learning web service endpoint execution.
     *
     * @return the outputs value
     */
    public List<AzureMachineLearningWebServiceOutputColumn> outputs() {
        return this.outputs;
    }

    /**
     * Set a list of outputs from the Azure Machine Learning web service endpoint execution.
     *
     * @param outputs the outputs value to set
     * @return the AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding object itself.
     */
    public AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding withOutputs(List<AzureMachineLearningWebServiceOutputColumn> outputs) {
        this.outputs = outputs;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get number between 1 and 10000 describing maximum number of rows for every Azure ML RRS execute request. Default is 1000.
     *
     * @return the batchSize value
     */
    public Integer batchSize() {
        return this.batchSize;
    }

    /**
     * Set number between 1 and 10000 describing maximum number of rows for every Azure ML RRS execute request. Default is 1000.
     *
     * @param batchSize the batchSize value to set
     * @return the AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding object itself.
     */
    public AzureMachineLearningWebServiceFunctionBinding withBatchSize(Integer batchSize) {
        this.batchSize = batchSize;
        return this;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You are invited to the Lake Osoyoos Sailing Club's annual general meeting and Christmas party on Saturday, December 2, 2017. Both events will be at the clubhouse.
The AGM is scheduled for 4:30 PM. Please see your email for the complete AGM package. If you are unable to attend, please forward your completed proxy form to the attention of Terry Ford at the club's email address.
Following the AGM, we will be hosting a cocktail and appetizer potluck, commencing at the latest by 6:00 PM. Admission is one hot or cold appetizer.
Don't miss this evening of camaraderie and cheer!
Our final clean up of the year will be Saturday, November 18th, at 9:30AM at the clubhouse.
Bring your rakes and gloves so we can do the leaves and tidy up the grounds. We will also do a cleaning inside the clubhouse to get ready for the AGM.
A hot lunch will be provided: hamburger soup and buns. Yum!


Summertime doesn't have to mean putting your child's education on hold. Why not take the family to Kennedy Space Center?
Arbor Day reminds us of the importance of trees and how we can benefit from planting trees in our neighborhoods.


text:
Q: Query taking more than one minute to execute Executing my current query takes 1:16 minutes. That is way too long. Here is how my query looks like atm:
SELECT

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Id,

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Title,

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Created,

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].StartProgress,

    [dbo].[worktime]([plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Created, GetDate()) AS OpenstaandeTijdInUren,

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].firstresponse,

    DATEDIFF(HOUR, [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Created, [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].FirstResponse) AS ReactietijdInUren,

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Status,

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Priority,

         DATEDIFF (MINUTE, [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Created, [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].EndProgress) as OplostijdTicketInUren

FROM

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket]

WHERE

    [dbo].[worktime](

        [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].Created, GetDate()

    ) >= 1

    AND (

        [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].status <= 2

    )

ORDER BY

    [plugin.tickets].[Ticket].id

In the query there is a function I use which I made. The function calculates the difference in hours between two dates. For calculating the time excluding holidays I have made a table which contains the holidays for oncoming 10 years. Most likely thats why it is taking so long for the query to execute, because for every row it checks of the date contains same date as the holiday table. But I am not sure what the solution for this problem is?
Here is my function:
ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[WorkTime]

(

    @StartDate DATETIME,

    @FinishDate DATETIME

)

RETURNS BIGINT

AS

BEGIN

    DECLARE @Temp BIGINT

    SET @Temp=0

       --DECLARE @hdays Table (values) date

       --insert into @hdays

       --select [Datum_Feestdag]  --= (Datum_feestdag)

       --from [dbo].[Feestdagen]

    DECLARE @FirstDay DATE

    SET @FirstDay = CONVERT(DATE, @StartDate, 112)

    DECLARE @LastDay DATE

    SET @LastDay = CONVERT(DATE, @FinishDate, 112)

    DECLARE @StartTime TIME

    SET @StartTime = CONVERT(TIME, @StartDate)

    DECLARE @FinishTime TIME

    SET @FinishTime = CONVERT(TIME, @FinishDate)

    DECLARE @WorkStart TIME

    SET @WorkStart = '08:00'

    DECLARE @WorkFinish TIME

    SET @WorkFinish = '18:00'

    DECLARE @DailyWorkTime BIGINT

    SET @DailyWorkTime = DATEDIFF(HOUR, @WorkStart, @WorkFinish)

    IF (@StartTime<@WorkStart)

    BEGIN

        SET @StartTime = @WorkStart

    END

    IF (@FinishTime>@WorkFinish)

    BEGIN

        SET @FinishTime=@WorkFinish

    END

    IF (@FinishTime<@WorkStart)

    BEGIN

        SET @FinishTime=@WorkStart

    END

    IF (@StartTime>@WorkFinish)

    BEGIN

        SET @StartTime = @WorkFinish

    END

    DECLARE @CurrentDate DATE

    SET @CurrentDate = @FirstDay

    DECLARE @LastDate DATE

    SET @LastDate = @LastDay

    WHILE(@CurrentDate<=@LastDate)

    BEGIN

        IF

             (DATEPART(dw, @CurrentDate)!=1 AND DATEPART(dw, @CurrentDate)!=7)

             and @CurrentDate not in (select Datum_feestdag from Feestdagen)

        --@CurrentDate not in (@hdays)

             BEGIN

            IF (@CurrentDate!=@FirstDay) AND (@CurrentDate!=@LastDay)

            BEGIN

                SET @Temp = @Temp + @DailyWorkTime

            END

            --IF it starts at startdate and it finishes not this date find diff between work finish and start as hours

            ELSE IF (@CurrentDate=@FirstDay) AND (@CurrentDate!=@LastDay)

            BEGIN

                SET @Temp = @Temp + DATEDIFF(HOUR, @StartTime, @WorkFinish)

            END

            ELSE IF (@CurrentDate!=@FirstDay) AND (@CurrentDate=@LastDay)

            BEGIN

                SET @Temp = @Temp + DATEDIFF(HOUR, @WorkStart, @FinishTime)

            END

            --IF it starts and finishes in the same date

            ELSE IF (@CurrentDate=@FirstDay) AND (@CurrentDate=@LastDay)

            BEGIN

                SET @Temp = DATEDIFF(HOUR, @StartTime, @FinishTime)

            END

        END

        SET @CurrentDate = DATEADD(day, 1, @CurrentDate)

    END

    -- Return the result of the function

    IF @Temp<0

    BEGIN

        SET @Temp=0

    END

    RETURN @Temp

END

A: Your query is taking longer than it should most likely because you are calculating your values row by row in a while loop.  This is fundamentally not how SQL databases are supposed to be used.
Try to solve your problem by combining and comparing sets of data, rather than iterating over each value in your table.  A starting point for you to develop your own solution would be something like this:
declare @t table(id int,StartDate datetime, EndDate datetime);
insert into @t values
 (1,'2019/01/01 00:00:00','2019/01/02 15:00:00')
,(2,'2019/01/02 04:00:00','2019/01/03 15:00:00')
,(3,'2019/01/02 08:30:00','2019/01/02 15:00:00')
,(4,'2019/01/04 13:45:00','2019/01/07 15:30:00')
,(5,'2019/01/07 22:00:00','2019/02/03 15:00:00');

declare @EarliestStart datetime;
declare @LatestEnd datetime;

select @EarliestStart = min(StartDate)
      ,@LatestEnd = max(EndDate)
from @t;

declare @WorkStart time = '08:00';
declare @WorkEnd time = '18:00';

with n(n) as (select t from(values(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) t(t))    -- Crete a tally table of numbers, by taking the ROW_NUMBER of 10 rows CROSS JOINed multiple times.  In this case 6 times for 10*10*10*10*10*10 = 1,000,000 potential rows
    ,m(m) as (select top(datediff(minute,@EarliestStart,@LatestEnd)+1) dateadd(minute,row_number() over (order by (select null))-1,@EarliestStart) from n n1,n n2,n n3,n n4,n n5,n n6)  -- and add that number as minutes to the minumum StartTime up to the maximum EndTime for a list of all potentially worked minutes
    ,w(w) as (select m from m where cast(m as time) >= @WorkStart and cast(m as time) < @WorkEnd)   -- then filter this list of minutes to just those that can be worked
select t.id
        ,t.StartDate
        ,t.EndDate
        ,count(w.w)/60. as WorkingHours
        ,count(w.w) as WorkingMinutes
from @t as t
    join w
        on t.StartDate <= w.w       -- JOIN onto the list of dates to get a row for each minute actually worked between each StartDate and EndDate, that can be COUNTed for total working time
            and t.EndDate > w.w
group by t.id
        ,t.StartDate
        ,t.EndDate
order by t.id
        ,t.StartDate
        ,t.EndDate;

Output
+----+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------+
| id |        StartDate        |         EndDate         | WorkingHours | WorkingMinutes |
+----+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------+
|  1 | 2019-01-01 00:00:00.000 | 2019-01-02 15:00:00.000 |    17.000000 |           1020 |
|  2 | 2019-01-02 04:00:00.000 | 2019-01-03 15:00:00.000 |    17.000000 |           1020 |
|  3 | 2019-01-02 08:30:00.000 | 2019-01-02 15:00:00.000 |     6.500000 |            390 |
|  4 | 2019-01-04 13:45:00.000 | 2019-01-07 15:30:00.000 |    31.750000 |           1905 |
|  5 | 2019-01-07 22:00:00.000 | 2019-02-03 15:00:00.000 |   267.000000 |          16020 |
+----+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------+


text:
Q: Query a dynamic deduplicated table I am using BigQuery to give my colleagues access to aggregated data in our system.
I have a raw_orders table where I store orders data. The thing is that the lines in this table are subject to change across time. When a change occurs, I add a new line in this table. So my table looks like this:
+-----+-------+---------------------+---------------------+
| id  | total |     created_at      |     updated_at      |
+-----+-------+---------------------+---------------------+
| ABC | 15.76 | 2020-01-01 12:56:32 | 2020-01-02 14:58:43 |
| ABC | 12.43 | 2020-01-01 12:56:32 | 2020-01-01 12:56:32 |
| DEF | 19.03 | 2020-01-01 12:56:32 | 2020-01-02 14:58:43 |
| DEF | 12.03 | 2020-01-01 12:56:32 | 2020-01-01 12:56:32 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+---------------------+

To allow my collaborators to query on a deduplicated table easily, I created a view of deduplicated lines using:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW xxx.orders as
select ro.*
from (
  select ro.id, max(ro.updated_at) max_updated_at
  from xxx.raw_orders ro
  group by ro.id
) tmp inner join xxx.raw_orders ro2 on ro2.id = tmp.id && ro2.updated_at = tmp.max_updated_at
order by f.created_at desc

This works great, but I feel that I am spending too much budget on simple requests like:
SELECT * FROM rubee.orders WHERE created_at > '2020-11-01 00:00:00';

If I understand well, because of the view step, big query must use a lot of storage to deduplicate lines before responding a single result.
Am I doing something wrong here? How do you give access to deduplicated data without spending too much storage? Would you have a better strategy for what I try to do?

A: Ideally, you will use a materialized view for the purpose, but right now BigQuery has limited support on materialized view. You cannot create a mview to replace the view you were using.
It is possible to create a materialized view for the inner query, which may make the whole query less expensive but please read on.

*

*Cost. There is no simple answer whether you are "spending too much budget" on the query.

*

*If you're on pay-per-query plan and charged by "processed bytes", then although the query is more expensive for BigQuery to process, you're charged no more than scanning the whole table once (although technically the table was scanned more than once). In another word, deduplication is free. However, if your query pattern allows to to cluster/partition your table somehow to avoid scanning the whole table, then this "self-join" view does prevent you from saving the budget.

*If you have reservation on slots, then you will benefit from making the query faster.

*Suggestions. Give the situation is different case by case, the general suggestions are:

*

*If it is possible, separating the data into "archived" and "active" so that "archived" data stay deduplicated (and partitioned/clustered to allow efficient search), and you only need a view to dedup "active" data.

*Create a materialized view (on the inner "GROUP BY" query) may speed up the query a bit but not necessarily make it "cheaper", you may be charged the size of the base table + mview.


text:
U.S. Tornadoes: An Examination of the Past to Prepare for the Future.
Track of 2013's EF5 tornado in Moore, Okla., is overlaid on ZIP codes in Cook County, Ill. (Photo: Swiss Re)
Swiss Re has just issued a new report that could leave many who reside in large U.S. cities sleepless. It asks and answers the gritty question: What if a tornado hit a major U.S. city?
The report notes that a single violent tornado could cause as much as $20 billion in property damage — and countless casualties and deaths — if it hit a big city such as downtown Chicago. In addition to deaths and injuries, there would be thousands of people made homeless, tens of thousands would lose power, and hundreds of thousands would be unable to get to work. Sounds like an earthquake or hurricane doesn't it?
Fierce tornado outbreaks have dogged the U.S. in recent years, with high death tolls and damage from twisters in and around smaller cities such as Joplin, Mo., Tuscaloosa, Ala., and Moore, Okla. These of course are relatively small towns. Overall, the annual average loss from severe thunderstorms and the tornadoes they produce is about $5.5 billion, Swiss Re reports.
Swiss Re found that densely populated and developed Cook County, Ill., which includes the city of Chicago, has the greatest potential exposure to a violent and long-track tornado. If the same EF5 tornado that hit Moore, Okla., in 2013 hit Chicago, tens of billions of dollars' worth of property would lie in the tornado's path.
Damage estimates for the tornado would be in excess of $20 billion. An estimated 112,000 people live within the tornado damage swath, of which many would be injured or killed, despite improvements in tornado warnings from the National Weather Service, a branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
The report is an interesting read and available on the Swiss Re website using the link below.
http://media.swissre.com/documents/2014_us_tornadoes.pdf
Winter tornadoes Hit the American South in mid-January Storms
New Use for Drones? Predicting Tornadoes!
Tornadoes Ravage the Midwest – Seven States Impacted – Six Deaths
Severe Weather To Start Off Week In Midwest – Tornadoes Tonight & Tomorrow
Costly Weather Disasters and Near Record Heat in 2016
Global Insurance Industry Faces Sharp Rise In Costs After 350 Natural Disasters Jan – June 2016
previous post: High-profile victim of a hacking – European Central Bank
next post: May and June beat the global temperature records for heat – it's hot out there!


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Editor.Shared.Preview;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Editor.Shared.Tagging;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Editor;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Utilities;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Editor.ReferenceHighlighting;

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Editor.Implementation.Preview
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Special tagger we use for previews that is told precisely which spans to
    /// reference highlight.
    /// </summary>
    [Export(typeof(ITaggerProvider))]
    [TagType(typeof(NavigableHighlightTag))]
    [ContentType(ContentTypeNames.RoslynContentType)]
    [ContentType(ContentTypeNames.XamlContentType)]
    [TextViewRole(TextViewRoles.PreviewRole)]
    internal class PreviewReferenceHighlightingTaggerProvider
        : AbstractPreviewTaggerProvider<NavigableHighlightTag>
    {
        [ImportingConstructor]
        public PreviewReferenceHighlightingTaggerProvider() :
            base(PredefinedPreviewTaggerKeys.ReferenceHighlightingSpansKey, ReferenceHighlightTag.Instance)
        {
        }
    }

    [Export(typeof(ITaggerProvider))]
    [TagType(typeof(NavigableHighlightTag))]
    [ContentType(ContentTypeNames.RoslynContentType)]
    [ContentType(ContentTypeNames.XamlContentType)]
    [TextViewRole(TextViewRoles.PreviewRole)]
    internal class PreviewWrittenReferenceHighlightingTaggerProvider
        : AbstractPreviewTaggerProvider<NavigableHighlightTag>
    {
        [ImportingConstructor]
        public PreviewWrittenReferenceHighlightingTaggerProvider() :
            base(PredefinedPreviewTaggerKeys.WrittenReferenceHighlightingSpansKey, WrittenReferenceHighlightTag.Instance)
        {
        }
    }

    [Export(typeof(ITaggerProvider))]
    [TagType(typeof(NavigableHighlightTag))]
    [ContentType(ContentTypeNames.RoslynContentType)]
    [ContentType(ContentTypeNames.XamlContentType)]
    [TextViewRole(TextViewRoles.PreviewRole)]
    internal class PreviewDefinitionHighlightingTaggerProvider
        : AbstractPreviewTaggerProvider<NavigableHighlightTag>
    {
        [ImportingConstructor]
        public PreviewDefinitionHighlightingTaggerProvider() :
            base(PredefinedPreviewTaggerKeys.DefinitionHighlightingSpansKey, DefinitionHighlightTag.Instance)
        {
        }
    }
}


text:
Shadowrun Returns developer announces "diabolical dungeon delve" Necropolis
Having found success with Shadowrun Returns and its follow-up, Shadowrun: Dragonfall, developer Harebrained Schemes is moving on to something completely different: an action-focused roguelike called Necropolis. The hook is that its combat is based on timing and animation rather than straight-up numbers, and the dungeon is designed to shift and change as you play.
The setup is about as complex as most roguelikes, albeit with a slight twist. The powerful mage Abraxis created and then withdrew into a great underground labyrinth. But unlike most deep, dark tombs, this one actually welcomes adventurers, so that the malevolent intelligence within can kill them and use their spirits and reanimated corpses to power its traps and patrol its corridors.
Combat will take place from the third-person perspective, and is intended to require effective timing and combos rather than stats and button-mashing. The dungeon layout itself will change with every playthrough, which is fairly standard stuff for a roguelike, but will also shift during play. Monsters will "interrelate" with one another, something players will be able to exploit to their benefit, and of course there will be potions, magical books, and other dungeon-appropriate bric-a-brac to collect.
The art style looks pretty fantastic, although I'm a little less enthusiastic about the promise of "self-aware dark comedy," delivered by way of "a liberal sprinkling of dark humor, playing specifically on the tropes of early 1980s D&D." But it's obviously way too early in the process to judge that or any other aspect of the game, which isn't expected to be ready until sometime in 2016, and very minor trepidation about potential un-funniness notwithstanding, I do like what I've seen so far. See it for yourself at Necropolisgame.com. (And enjoy a couple of screens below.)
Harebrained Schemes


I have always loved your books. I never want one to end, and can hardly wait for each new one!
Love your books, Sigma series should all be made into movies!
I jave loved your books from the very first one I tead!! It was The Judas Strain and I had to go out and find all the previous ones to be complete.


Much like celebrities, your business is in the public eye, even if it's a B2B business, so you probably receive requests for donations, and solicitations for sponsorships all the time.
How do you make the decision whether or not to respond to all of them? Do you cherry pick a few organizations to help, or go with your personal bias and choose a charity close to your heart, or do you choose based on what is right for your brand / business? Depending on your answer, you approach could cause you to miss out on opportunities to strengthen your brand through charitable efforts.
Compared to yesterday's customer, today's customer is much savvier and expects more from your company. Today, they have greater access to company information, so it's pretty transparent when a business does a few good things to boost their reputation, versus a business that has put all their charitable efforts and resources into making a real impact on society.
As a business owner myself, I recommend shifting your business's approach from obligation (something you feel your company should do) to opportunity (something your company might want to do).
Does this organization have relevance in your industry?
Support issues and platforms relevant to your industry. If you are part of the food industry, try getting involved with a charity that promotes healthy eating habits, provides meals… etc.
Does this organization have community relevance?
Your customers are your community. Ask yourself, would your customers be on board with your charity of choice?
Is this organization relevant to your target market?
By supporting causes your target market cares about, you gain their attention, respect and trust (something businesses can spend years and big money building). Align yourself with what appeals to your target.
Does this organization have brand relevance?
By having your charitable efforts feed into your brand identity and positioning you will reinforce your brand message, and differentiate yourself.
To support an organization is a strategic decision, and if selected carefully, it won't dilute your brand's core values. If anything, selecting an appropriate charity communicates your goals and ideals more clearly to your target customers and partners.
Also, don't forget – as much as donating to or sponsoring a charity is beneficial to your brand, it also just feels good to give.
Is your business involved with a charity? If so, why did you pick that charity? What was your approach, and what do you hope to gain (if anything) by involving yourself with that organization? Share your thoughts with us in the comment section!
Is a Company Mission/Vision Statement as Useful as a Marketing Strategy?
Ideally, to be successful in business you need to have mission and vision statements, as well as a marketing strategy. They are all equally important as they are all powerful sign-posts to provide clear and succinct directions. The mission and vision statements are focused on the purpose and aspirations of the company, while a marketing strategy focuses on highlighting what is unique about your company to a targeted audience.
A mission statement articulates the purpose of the company, why it exists, and what it does and for whom. It should serve as an ongoing guide that spells out what the company is all about. The mission should focus on the here and now.
A vision statement outlines the goals and aspirations for the future. It creates a mental picture of a specific medium-term target and should be used as a source of inspiration.
With those definitions in mind, I have outlined below what I believe to be the reasons why having all three of these documents written down and adhered to is essential to helping you clearly define your goals, objectives, audience and value both internally and externally.
For Mission (or Purpose): What is the core purpose of the organization? What do we do and for who?
For Vision (or Ambition): Where do we want to be in 5 or 10 years time? What are our aspirations?
For Marketing Strategy: What makes your service/product stand apart from the competition?
Do you feel your corporate mission statements and marketing strategy are useful, or do you disagree with me and feel (even well crafted) vision and mission statements and marketing strategies are not necessary/useful? Please share you views in the comments below!


text:
Your Current Location » Faith Stories » Buffalo Bills
For Bills Quarterback, Faith Is Surest Victory
host posted on March 10, 2010 09:20
Scroll down for larger text.
The Buffalo Bills' Frank Reich, pro football's man of the moment, says the impending Second Coming of Jesus Christ prepped him for his backup role in leading the Bills to a record come-from-32-points-behind victory over the Houston Oilers last Sunday.
The Second Coming? And the NFL playoffs?
"The Lord tells us we don't know the hour or the day [of the Second Coming], and that's much like my job," said Reich, as dedicated a Bible student as he is backup quarterback.
"Being a Christian athlete has made me a better quarterback because I understand the concept of what it is to be prepared for something that I don't know when it's coming."
In a recent telephone interview, Reich carefully avoided claiming that he wins because he is a Christian. He said that he doesn't understand why God allows the Bills to win some games and lose others.
"All I know is that I have to go out and prepare and play as hard as I possibly can," he said.
Reich did pray for victory over the Oilers, but not for the reasons that most fans might suspect. Reich has been reading in Samuel I and II about King David, who prayed for victory so he could proclaim the name of the Lord to the nations.
"I prayed, 'Lord, I want us to win, and I want us to have the opportunity just to glorify your name,'" Reich said.
For eight years Reich, 31, has played a backup role to a quarterback whom he calls one of the game's greatest, Jim Kelly. But last Sunday, he got his chance to prove his own talents, filling in for the injured teammate. It was an experience he had lived before.
Reich also played backup to Boomer Esiason for three years at the University of Maryland.
After Esiason graduated, Reich got his chance to take the primary quarterback slot. But in his fourth game as a senior, Reich separated his right shoulder. When Reich was well enough to get back into the game, the coach told the player he did not want to switch quarterbacks again in mid-season even though Reich had been leading the nation in passing efficiency at the time of his injury.
Reich was devastated – so much so that one day he walked out of church in the middle of the sermon. "I was mad at God, and I couldn't understand why this was happening to me," Reich said.
The answer to Reich's dilemma and payers came the following Saturday on Nov. 10, 1984, at the Orange Bowl against the University of Miami. Maryland was losing 31-0 at halftime when Reich took over as quarterback and led his team to the greatest comeback win in the history of college football.
"All of a sudden my eyes were opened," Reich said. "God didn't want football to be my entire life. And then He showed me, 'What's more important is that you get to know Me in a more intimate way.'"
After starting only seven college games, Reich was chosen by the Buffalo Bills as the second quarterback in the draft. Soon after, Reich found himself in a Bible study surrounded by 20 of his Buffalo teammates.
Wide receiver Don Beebe, who caught Reich's first touchdown pass in last Sunday's 41-38 victory, considers himself fortunate to have Reich as his best friend and roommate on the road. "Frank has a real strong belief in God," Beebe said. "He knows why he's here. He's not here for the money or fame.
"He knows when he gets the chance, and he comes in, he's going to give all the glory to God – win or lose, good or bad."
Beebe also praised Reich as one of the best students of the game. Although the play that produced Beebe's touchdown catch and brought the score to 35-17 wasn't designed with Beebe as the primary receiver, Reich spotted a weakness in the Oiler defense and told Beebe before the play that the pass was going to him.
Before the game, Bills chaplain Fred Raines had exhorted the players to focus on God's special purpose for their talents regardless of the outcome of the game.
Raines said he told a story specifically with Reich in mind. A conductor was asked, "Which musical instrument is the most difficult to play?"
"Second violin," the conductor replied. He might have said backup quarterback.
Posted in: Athletics, Sports, Pro Football, Bible Study, Buffalo Bills, Frank Reich, Praying for Victory, NFL Playoffs, Second Coming


The central idea is cool, but I'm mixed on the connection to the DJ. The idea of someone getting high on 'shrooms, accidentally creating something that defies natural laws, and then proceeding to accidentally cut his hand off with the very thing he created is out-of-tone with many mainlist articles and yet rather believable in its own, Darwin-award-esque way.
Perhaps the tone should just be worked on more in the DJ paragraph - some details, such as locking himself in his room for 17 hours and what he said in the interview cause the article to lean a bit more towards -J.
I fixed the tone, but it seems really macabre now (with the DJ dying and all). Dose that make it better or worse?


text:
Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names
Hisakazu Ohtani, Masayuki Takeda, Yuki Imada, Yasufumi Sawada
Brand name confusion is one of the most common causes of drug-related errors. The aim of this study was to develop quantitative measures of similarity among brand names of drugs. We modified the fragmentary pattern-based measure, a measure of similarity for character strings based on the string resemblance system, to develop three novel measures of similarity, i.e., the head and tail-weighted fragmentary pattern-based measure (htfrag), visually weighted htfrag (vwhtfrag), and auditorily weighted htfrag (awhtfrag). The 227 pairs of brand names for which confusion errors have been reported were used as a positive control group. Ten sets of 2270 random pairs of brand names were generated as negative controls. Then we evaluated the measures developed by using the geometric mean of sensitivity and selectivity as an objective function, in comparison with two conventional measures of similarity based on the vector space model (cos1 and htco). The measures developed, htfrag, vwhtfrag, and awhtfrag, provided better discrimination with mean objective function values of 0.953, 0.962, and 0.940, respectively, which were higher than those for the conventional measures cos1 and htco (0.922 and 0.892, respectively). The rates of false-positives and false-negatives were 3.3 - 10.7 % and 5.3 - 11.9% for cos1, respectively, while the rates for vwhtfrag were 4.8 - 5.9% and 2.2%, respectively. The measures of similarity developed may provide significant information to avoid drug-related errors associated with brand name confusion.
Yakugaku Zasshi
https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.126.349
Character string
Fragmentary pattern
Medical error
Similarity index
Similarity measure
10.1248/yakushi.126.349
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Names Medicine & Life Sciences
Space Simulation Medicine & Life Sciences
Head Medicine & Life Sciences
Control Groups Medicine & Life Sciences
Ohtani, H., Takeda, M., Imada, Y., & Sawada, Y. (2006). Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names. Yakugaku Zasshi, 126(5), 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.126.349
Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names. / Ohtani, Hisakazu; Takeda, Masayuki; Imada, Yuki; Sawada, Yasufumi.
In: Yakugaku Zasshi, Vol. 126, No. 5, 05.2006, p. 349-356.
Ohtani, H, Takeda, M, Imada, Y & Sawada, Y 2006, 'Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names', Yakugaku Zasshi, vol. 126, no. 5, pp. 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.126.349
Ohtani H, Takeda M, Imada Y, Sawada Y. Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2006 May;126(5):349-356. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.126.349
Ohtani, Hisakazu ; Takeda, Masayuki ; Imada, Yuki ; Sawada, Yasufumi. / Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names. In: Yakugaku Zasshi. 2006 ; Vol. 126, No. 5. pp. 349-356.
@article{b458deef8a6d4828832527761761ce3a,
title = "Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names",
abstract = "Brand name confusion is one of the most common causes of drug-related errors. The aim of this study was to develop quantitative measures of similarity among brand names of drugs. We modified the fragmentary pattern-based measure, a measure of similarity for character strings based on the string resemblance system, to develop three novel measures of similarity, i.e., the head and tail-weighted fragmentary pattern-based measure (htfrag), visually weighted htfrag (vwhtfrag), and auditorily weighted htfrag (awhtfrag). The 227 pairs of brand names for which confusion errors have been reported were used as a positive control group. Ten sets of 2270 random pairs of brand names were generated as negative controls. Then we evaluated the measures developed by using the geometric mean of sensitivity and selectivity as an objective function, in comparison with two conventional measures of similarity based on the vector space model (cos1 and htco). The measures developed, htfrag, vwhtfrag, and awhtfrag, provided better discrimination with mean objective function values of 0.953, 0.962, and 0.940, respectively, which were higher than those for the conventional measures cos1 and htco (0.922 and 0.892, respectively). The rates of false-positives and false-negatives were 3.3 - 10.7 % and 5.3 - 11.9% for cos1, respectively, while the rates for vwhtfrag were 4.8 - 5.9% and 2.2%, respectively. The measures of similarity developed may provide significant information to avoid drug-related errors associated with brand name confusion.",
keywords = "Brand name, Character string, Fragmentary pattern, Medical error, Similarity index, Similarity measure",
author = "Hisakazu Ohtani and Masayuki Takeda and Yuki Imada and Yasufumi Sawada",
doi = "10.1248/yakushi.126.349",
journal = "Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan",
publisher = "Pharmaceutical Society of Japan",
T1 - Development of the measures to evaluate the similarity of drug brand names
AU - Ohtani, Hisakazu
AU - Takeda, Masayuki
AU - Imada, Yuki
AU - Sawada, Yasufumi
N2 - Brand name confusion is one of the most common causes of drug-related errors. The aim of this study was to develop quantitative measures of similarity among brand names of drugs. We modified the fragmentary pattern-based measure, a measure of similarity for character strings based on the string resemblance system, to develop three novel measures of similarity, i.e., the head and tail-weighted fragmentary pattern-based measure (htfrag), visually weighted htfrag (vwhtfrag), and auditorily weighted htfrag (awhtfrag). The 227 pairs of brand names for which confusion errors have been reported were used as a positive control group. Ten sets of 2270 random pairs of brand names were generated as negative controls. Then we evaluated the measures developed by using the geometric mean of sensitivity and selectivity as an objective function, in comparison with two conventional measures of similarity based on the vector space model (cos1 and htco). The measures developed, htfrag, vwhtfrag, and awhtfrag, provided better discrimination with mean objective function values of 0.953, 0.962, and 0.940, respectively, which were higher than those for the conventional measures cos1 and htco (0.922 and 0.892, respectively). The rates of false-positives and false-negatives were 3.3 - 10.7 % and 5.3 - 11.9% for cos1, respectively, while the rates for vwhtfrag were 4.8 - 5.9% and 2.2%, respectively. The measures of similarity developed may provide significant information to avoid drug-related errors associated with brand name confusion.
AB - Brand name confusion is one of the most common causes of drug-related errors. The aim of this study was to develop quantitative measures of similarity among brand names of drugs. We modified the fragmentary pattern-based measure, a measure of similarity for character strings based on the string resemblance system, to develop three novel measures of similarity, i.e., the head and tail-weighted fragmentary pattern-based measure (htfrag), visually weighted htfrag (vwhtfrag), and auditorily weighted htfrag (awhtfrag). The 227 pairs of brand names for which confusion errors have been reported were used as a positive control group. Ten sets of 2270 random pairs of brand names were generated as negative controls. Then we evaluated the measures developed by using the geometric mean of sensitivity and selectivity as an objective function, in comparison with two conventional measures of similarity based on the vector space model (cos1 and htco). The measures developed, htfrag, vwhtfrag, and awhtfrag, provided better discrimination with mean objective function values of 0.953, 0.962, and 0.940, respectively, which were higher than those for the conventional measures cos1 and htco (0.922 and 0.892, respectively). The rates of false-positives and false-negatives were 3.3 - 10.7 % and 5.3 - 11.9% for cos1, respectively, while the rates for vwhtfrag were 4.8 - 5.9% and 2.2%, respectively. The measures of similarity developed may provide significant information to avoid drug-related errors associated with brand name confusion.
KW - Brand name
KW - Character string
KW - Fragmentary pattern
KW - Medical error
KW - Similarity index
KW - Similarity measure
U2 - 10.1248/yakushi.126.349
DO - 10.1248/yakushi.126.349
JO - Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
JF - Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan


text:
Unity asset that provides the ability to share the current screen on various social media platforms that your device supports natively.

### Development

I have set the repository up as a unity project. When adding features you will need to open the contents of the repository in unity. For any new features add a new UI Button and connect the feature up to that button and name it accordingly.

If you would like to make any changes or update the android layer of the asset you can do so by changing the contents of the [android-social-library](https://github.com/frispgames/android-social-library). You will then need to replace ```frisp-social.jar``` inside of this repo with the one generated from working on [android-social-library](https://github.com/frispgames/android-social-library).

### Installing into your own project

* Download the [asset](https://github.com/frispgames/frisp-social-unity-asset/blob/master/package/frisp-social.unitypackage) and import it into your unity project.
* Create a class that takes a screenshot of the game and then use the API provided with the asset to share it. See the below class as an example:
```CSharp
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class Share : MonoBehaviour {
  private const string TITLE   = "Title";
  private const string MESSAGE = "Message";

  public void shareScreenShot() {
    StartCoroutine (FrispSocial.Instance().PostScreenshot(TITLE, MESSAGE));
  }
}

```

### Troubleshooting
#### Android:
* INSTALL_FAILED_CONTAINER_ERROR: When exporting the project to Android Studio change:
``` android:installLocation="preferExternal" ```
to:
``` android:installLocation="auto" ```
on the following line:
```
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.frispgames.frispsocialunityasset" android:versionName="1.0" android:versionCode="1" android:installLocation="preferExternal">
```
* Permission issues: Make sure the following line is in your AndroidManifest.xml this should be under ```Plugins/Android``` folder. If not you can find one under the ```Temp/StagingArea``` directory after building for android. Add this into your ```Plugins/Android``` directory and add the below line:
```
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
```


Here we find a picture I took of my lovely lady friend with a wonderful backdrop of the Edinburgh sky line. I don't often post my random photos on here, but this one is pretty cool. Edinburgh is quite an extraordinary place. From afar, it looks like a scene from a bombed out Eastern European city; but you get deep into the veins, and it's all kilt shops and funny accents. Quite lovely.