text:
SendRegister::SendRegister()
	:
	SendAbstract(),
	bTimerOn(false)
{
}

SendRegister::~SendRegister()
{
}

void* SendRegister::creator()
{
	return new SendRegister;
}

MStatus	SendRegister::doIt(const MArgList& args)
{
	MStatus status;

	// reset socket
	if (!DataStore::getInstance().isServerSet())
	{
		HackPrint::print("Set Server using \"SetServer\" command");
		return status;
	}

	pMessaging->resetSocket(DataStore::getInstance().getAddress(), DataStore::getInstance().getPort());

	MSelectionList selList;
	MGlobal::getActiveSelectionList(selList);
	MItSelectionList selListIter(selList);
	selListIter.setFilter(MFn::kMesh);

	// check any meshes are actually selected
	if (selListIter.isDone())
	{
		HackPrint::print("no mesh selected!");
		return MStatus::kFailure;
	}

	for (; !selListIter.isDone(); selListIter.next())
	{

		MDagPath dagPath;

		status = selListIter.getDagPath(dagPath);

		if (!status) {
			status.perror("MItDag::getPath");
			continue;
		}
		MFnDagNode dagNode(dagPath, &status);
		if (!status) {
			status.perror("MFnDagNode constructor");
			continue;
		}

		// turn tweaks into a node before sending
		if (registerAndSendMesh(dagPath) != MStatus::kSuccess) return MStatus::kFailure;

		// only gonna handle one mesh for now
		break;
	}

	if (bTimerOn) return MS::kSuccess;

	status = CallbackHandler::getInstance().startTimerCallback();

	if (status == MStatus::kSuccess)
	{
		bTimerOn = true;
	}

	return status;
}

MStatus SendRegister::registerAndSendMesh(MDagPath & meshDAGPath)
{
	MStatus status;

	// grab all nodes and set callbacks

	std::vector<json> nodeList;

	std::function<bool(MFnDependencyNode&)> getNodeAddCallbackFunc = [this, &nodeList](MFnDependencyNode& node) {

		json genNode;
		if (getGenericNode(node, genNode) == MStatus::kSuccess)
		{
			genNode["edit"] = EditType::ADD;

			nodeList.push_back(genNode);
			CallbackHandler::getInstance().registerCallbacksToNode(node.object());
		}

		return false;
	};

	traverseAllValidNodesForMesh(meshDAGPath, getNodeAddCallbackFunc);

	CallbackHandler::getInstance().registerCallbacksToDetectNewNodes();

	// should have atleast 3 nodes for a mesh
	// transform, shape and mesh
	if (nodeList.size() < 3) return MStatus::kFailure;

	json meshData;

	// names are slightly confusing
	// we use the shape nodes ID
	// but its knows by the transforms name
	// first do the transforms node
	MFnDependencyNode transformNode(meshDAGPath.transform());
	meshDAGPath.extendToShape();
	MFnDependencyNode meshShapeNode(meshDAGPath.node());

	// use shape nodes id.
	meshData["id"] = std::string(meshShapeNode.uuid().asString().asChar());

	DataStore::getInstance().setCurrentRegisteredMesh(meshData["id"]);

	// transforms name, because i dunno
	meshData["name"] = std::string(transformNode.name().asChar());

	// add user id to the mesh too
	meshData["uid"] = DataStore::getInstance().getUserID();

	// we pass the last node. which should be the first geo node.
	meshData["type"] = MayaUtils::getPolyType(nodeList.back(), status);
	if (status == MStatus::kFailure) return status;

	// add all its nodes
	// minor hack
	// the order of the nodes is going thw wrong way from most recent to older
	std::reverse(nodeList.begin(), nodeList.end());
	meshData["nodes"] = nodeList;

	json message;
	message["uid"] = DataStore::getInstance().getUserID();
	message["requestType"] = ReqType::REGISTER_MESH;
	message["mesh"] = meshData;

	HackPrint::print("sending " + transformNode.name());
	if (pMessaging->sendUpdate(message))
	{
		HackPrint::print("mesh sent succesfully");
		return MStatus::kSuccess;
	}

	HackPrint::print("unable to send");
	return MStatus::kFailure;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
You Are Here Home News Police Bust Factory Repackaging Used Condoms In Vietnam
Police Bust Factory Repackaging Used Condoms In Vietnam
Authorities in Vietnam uncovered a vast number of used condoms being recycled and stocked for sale following a raid on an apartment on Saturday.
According to local market monitors, nearly 324,000 used condoms, equivalent to 360 kilos, were recycled at the facility and would be sold on the market later.
They confiscated all products at the facility, which is located at DX12, Hoa Nhut Quarter, Tan Vinh Hiep Ward, Binh Duong Province, located in southern Vietnam.
Upon their swoop on the illegal production base, all the used condoms were found unpackaged and unlabeled.
READ Teacher Dies In US After Being Denied COVID-19 Test Twice
Pham Thi Thanh Ngoc, owner of the facility, who comes from Nghe An Province, admitted that she had received a monthly input of used condoms from an unknown person.
The used condoms then underwent a process including washing, drying, and reshaping with a dildo in unhygienic conditions before being put up for sale.
Every year, Vietnamese people use 500-600 million condoms, according to statistics.
Using condoms from dubious manufacturing sources poses a huge threat to human health, including severe infection.
A couple of years ago the Centers For Disease Control And Prevention tweeted out a message aimed at sexually active Americans – advising them not to wash condoms. This is not a joke.
READ Read What Katie Hopkins Said About A Security Man Putting Out Fire With Bowls
The agency tweeted: "Don't wash or reuse condoms. We say it, because people do it."
According to the Daily Mail, as many as three per cent of people have tried to re-use condoms and the CDC want to do their job and help reduce the risk of people contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), they also reminded everyone that prophylactics can be picked up for free at health centres and can only be used the one time.
READ Foreign Investment Pumped Into NEV Sector As China Continues Opening Up
You might think three per cent (3.3 per cent to be precise) isn't that many people, but there are a lot of people in the US, so that would still equate to a hefty amount of people going for round two with their rubber friend.
To give those people some credit – and the benefit of the doubt – washing condoms used to be standard practice.
The Sex Pistols (appropriately enough) and Elvis Costello have even sung songs about washing condoms. But that was back in the '70s, people.
Israeli Soldier Found Dead With Stab Wounds In West Bank
Kepa Arrizabalaga Set To Become The Most Expensive Goalkeeper Ever
NIMASA And BPSR Partner On Maritime Transformation
Killer Herdsmen Must Leave Southwest Now
Over 45 Houses Submerged By Flood In Niger
Man Kills Wife's Friend For Visiting His House Late At Night

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Difference between revisions of "Unilever"
PaulF (talk | contribs)
1959 Its first margarine in a tub wqas released - ''Blauband'' in Germany followed by ''Flora'' in Britain.
1959 Its first margarine in a tub was released - ''Blauband'' in Germany followed by ''Flora'' in Britain.
1963 Launch of ''Cornetto'', the first packaged and branded ice cream cone, in Europe.
May 1939.
October 1954. Summer County Margarine.
1930s The business of Unilever grew and new ventures were launched in Latin America. In face of the depression, Unilever cuts its 50 soap-manufacturing companies to concentrate on fewer brands, continental Europe governments acted to protect local butter production, and so Unilever's margarine and edible fat plants were cut from ten to five.
1936 Lever Brothers sold out of Candles Ltd, taking the Bromborough works and all the soap manufacturing rights with it. It continued to develop Bromborough for its specialist fatty acid production (the factory operates today as part of Unichema Ltd, producing a complex and sophisticated range of specialist fats and glycerides for the manufacture of cosmetics, polishes, ice cream, confectionery, soaps and detergents, printing inks, plastics and pharmaceuticals - all derived from the basic industrial chemistry that George Wilson first explored in the 1840's. Many of its employees continue to live in the Bromborough Pool village built by Price's).
1959 Its first margarine in a tub was released - Blauband in Germany followed by Flora in Britain.
1964 All of the publicly held shares in John Knight Ltd, William Gossage and Sons and Joseph Crosfield and Sons were acquired and cancelled[1]
1972 Having sold Cavenham Foods its interests in Allied Suppliers, Unilever acquired Lipton's tea interests as part of the deal[2], making the tea business one of the largest in the world. Launch of Impulse deodorant and Mentadent as health brand of gum.
1975 Developed a "video typing system" for its own use, Unicom, which was then to be sold to others by Unilever Computer Services Ltd[3]
1981 Unilever merged T. Wall and Son (Ice Cream) Ltd with Birds Eye Foods to form Birds Eye Wall's Ltd.
1990s The US division continued to carry the Lever Brothers name until the 1990s, when it adopted the parent company's name. The American unit is now headquartered in New Jersey, and no longer maintains a presence at Lever House, the iconic skyscraper on Park Avenue in New York City.
1995 Acquired the Colman's part of Reckitt and Colman. As well as mustard, it applied its name to condiments, sauces and other foodstuffs. The Robinsons brand was bought by Britvic.
1997 Sold to ICI the four chemicals businesses: National Starch, Quest, Unichema, and Crosfield
2000, the company absorbed the American business Best Foods, strengthening its presence in North America and extending its portfolio of foods brands. In a single day in April 2000, it bought, ironically, both Ben and Jerry's and Slim Fast.
Today the company is fully multinational with operating companies and factories on every continent and research laboratories at Colworth and Port Sunlight in England; Vlaardingen in the Netherlands; Trumbull, Connecticut, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey in the United States; Bangalore in India; Pakistan; and Shanghai in China. Its European IT infrastructure headquarters is based in Unity House, Ewloe in Flintshire, Wales.
2015 Employs 172,000 persons worldwide.[4]Port Sunlight employs 2,000 persons.[5]
↑ The Times, Aug 24, 1972
↑ The Times May 4, 1976
↑ [https://www.unilever.com/investor-relations/ Unilever Investor Relations
↑ Liverpool Echo
History of Unilever
Retrieved from "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Unilever&oldid=1184774"
Town - Leatherhead
Country - Netherlands
Companies employing 10,000+


Spring is here – The value and importance of the reward mark!
I don't know about you… but, I am excited that spring is here! I have enjoyed taking my dogs back outside and its nice to see people back out enjoying the weather and taking their dogs out with them before it gets to hot again.


Prince Kaybee Church. South African Dance Artist, Prince Kaybee dishes out his much anticipated single "Church" which features Lavish.
The New single "Church" comes after the massive success of Prince Kaybee's record breaking track "Club Controller".
Great track – love it!


text:
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EPA Claims Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts Drinking Water
Published: Wednesday, 14 December 2016 16:11
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its scientific report on the impacts from hydraulic fracturing activities on drinking water resources, which provides states and others the scientific foundation to better protect drinking water resources in areas where hydraulic fracturing is occurring or being considered. The report, done at the request of Congress, provides scientific evidence that hydraulic fracturing activities can impact drinking water resources in the United States under some circumstances.
As part of the report, EPA identified conditions under which impacts from hydraulic fracturing activities can be more frequent or severe. The report also identifies uncertainties and data gaps. These uncertainties and data gaps limited EPA's ability to fully assess impacts to drinking water resources both locally and nationally. These final conclusions are based upon review of over 1,200 cited scientific sources; feedback from an independent peer review conducted by EPA's Science Advisory Board; input from engaged stakeholders; and new research conducted as part of the study.
"The value of high quality science has never been more important in helping to guide decisions around our nation's fragile water resources. EPA's assessment provides the scientific foundation for local decision makers, industry, and communities that are looking to protect public health and drinking water resources and make more informed decisions about hydraulic fracturing activities," said Dr. Thomas A. Burke, EPA's science advisor and deputy assistant administrator of EPA's Office of Research and Development. "This assessment is the most complete compilation to date of national scientific data on the relationship of drinking water resources and hydraulic fracturing."
Not everyone is on-board with the results of the study. "EPA's decision to remove the easy-to-understand conclusion that they had no evidence hydraulic fracturing has led to widespread, systemic impacts on groundwater is a disappointing one," said Isaac Orr, research fellow, The Heartland Institute. "Study after study, such as those conducted by the University of Cincinnati, and a review of the impact of fracking on groundwater in Pavilion, Wyo., has concluded fracking does not impact groundwater resources. EPA is correct in identifying specific instances when equipment failure and human error have impacted water quality or quantity, however it should have stood by it's initial findings that these instances are rare compared to the number of wells drilled."
The report is organized around activities in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle and their potential to impact drinking water resources. The stages include: (1) acquiring water to be used for hydraulic fracturing (Water Acquisition); (2) mixing the water with chemical additives to make hydraulic fracturing fluids (chemical mixing); (3) injecting hydraulic fracturing fluids into the production well to create and grow fractures in the targeted production zone (well injection); (4) collecting the wastewater that returns through the well after injection (produced water handling); and (5) managing the wastewater through disposal or reuse methods (wastewater disposal and reuse).
EPA identified cases of impacts on drinking water at each stage in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle. Impacts cited in the report generally occurred near hydraulically fractured oil and gas production wells and ranged in severity, from temporary changes in water quality, to contamination that made private drinking water wells unusable.
As part of the report, EPA identified certain conditions under which impacts from hydraulic fracturing activities can be more frequent or severe, including:
• Water withdrawals for hydraulic fracturing in times or areas of low water availability, particularly in areas with limited or declining groundwater resources.
• Spills during the management of hydraulic fracturing fluids and chemicals or produced water that result in large volumes or high concentrations of chemicals reaching groundwater resources.
• Injection of hydraulic fracturing fluids into wells with inadequate mechanical integrity, allowing gases or liquids to move to groundwater resources.
• Injection of hydraulic fracturing fluids directly into groundwater resources.
• Discharge of inadequately treated hydraulic fracturing wastewater to surface water resources.
• Disposal or storage of hydraulic fracturing wastewater in unlined pits, resulting in contamination of groundwater resources.
The report provides information about potential vulnerabilities to drinking water resources, but was not designed to be a list of documented impacts.
Data gaps and uncertainties limited EPA's ability to fully assess the potential impacts on drinking water resources both locally and nationally. Generally, comprehensive information on the location of activities in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle is lacking, either because it is not collected, not publicly available, or prohibitively difficult to aggregate.
"In places where we know activities in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle have occurred, data that could be used to characterize hydraulic fracturing-related chemicals in the environment before, during, and after hydraulic fracturing were scarce," EPA stated. "Because of these data gaps and uncertainties, as well as others described in the assessment, it was not possible to fully characterize the severity of impacts, nor was it possible to calculate or estimate the national frequency of impacts on drinking water resources from activities in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle."
EPA said its final assessment benefited from extensive stakeholder engagement with states, tribes, industry, non-governmental organizations, the scientific community and the public. This broad engagement helped to ensure that the final assessment report reflects current practices in hydraulic fracturing and uses all data and information available to the agency. This report advances the science. The understanding of the potential impacts from hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources will continue to improve over time as new information becomes available.
EPA Hydraulic Fracturing Drinking Water
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text:
Immediate early gene expression in axotomized and regenerating retinal ganglion cells of the adult rat.
To determine if axotomy-induced immediate early gene (IEG) expression accompanies regenerative efforts in central nervous system (CNS) neurons, immunohistochemistry using antibodies to c-Jun, JunD, JunB, c-Fos, FosB and Krox-24 proteins was used to examine gene expression in identified adult rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) under two conditions: (1) after axotomy alone, and (2) 1 month after replacement of the optic nerve with an autologous peripheral nerve graft to allow axonal regrowth. Strong RGC c-Jun expression was induced 1 day, but not 3 h, after axotomy in most RGCs and was maintained in surviving cells throughout the 3-week study period. Axotomy also induced a limited number of RGCs to express Krox-24, but only transiently. c-Fos expression was also seen in a limited number of control RGCs, however, it was not induced by axotomy. Nucleolar FosB immunoreactivity in axotomized RGCs persisted 1 day after axotomy, but was subsequently lost. One month after axotomy and peripheral nerve graft placement, identified RGCs with regrown axons showed only nuclear c-Jun and nucleolar FosB expression. These findings support a role for IEG expression in the regeneration process of CNS neurons.
Robinson, GA
Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research
24 / 1-4
10.1016/0169-328x(94)90116-3
Early Growth Response Protein 1
Genes, Immediate-Early
Immediate-Early Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun


text:
The Lodge at Solitude Cabins
Rates ▾
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Estes Park Activities
Front Range Cities
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▸About ▾
About Solitude Cabins
Estes Park's Top Rated Local® Vacation Rental Cabins
Solitude Cabins in Estes Park is fashioned to give tribute to a renowned watercolor artist, Charles Partridge Adams, who owned this property in the early 1900's and built the original house as his studio. Mr. Adams named his studio "The Sketch Box," (hence, the name of our street through Solitude Cabins — Sketch Box Lane). In addition, the covered picnic pavilion is appropriately named the Charles Patridge Adams Pavilion.
Solitude Cabins, located in the heart of Colorado's Rocky Mountains, inhabits nine acres with over 300 trees and a total of 45 cabins. There are approximately 30 cabins in Solitude's rental program. Each Estes Park cabin is a privately owned vacation home. Owners use their cabins as a vacation getaway and then welcome you into their homes when they are not there.
All cabins are basically the same floor plan. However, the owners of each cabin have gone to great efforts to decorate their home uniquely and to offer a comfortable and relaxing atmosphere for you as their guests. All units are stand-alone, two bedrooms, two baths with either queen or king beds in each bedroom. With the use of the queen sofa sleeper in the living room, capacity is available for six persons. Your Estes Park cabin will feel like a "home away from home" with a fully equipped kitchen, living room with gas fireplace, washer/dryer, patio furniture, and gas grill on the private deck. The manager living on site is available at all times to assist you with your needs, so you can truly relax.
Each unit has a guestbook and the owners love to hear how you enjoyed their hospitality. Their hope is that guests express their appreciation through the careful manner in which they use their home.
Take a look at our beautiful Estes Park cabins today!
Amenities at Our Estes Park Cabins
Amenities include an on-site hot tub. Make a reservation to use it privately and enjoy the serenity of looking at the stars in the clear Colorado sky while you have a relaxing soak. Directly across the street is the Estes Valley Hike/Bike Trail that leads north to Lake Estes, or on into town (2 miles) for shopping and great restaurants. Just a short walk takes you to a great playground for children. Going south is a refreshing walk past the 18-hole golf course, a great place to view elk in the early evenings. Solitude Cabins is located close to fun activities such as hiking in Rocky Mountain National Park, horseback riding, rafting, bicycling, a very nice local theatre, and a family fun center with mini-golf, bumper boats, batting cage, go-carts and an arcade.
Meet the Friendly Faces of Solitude
Solitude Cabins in Estes Park and the luxurious, quiet ambiance are the vision and creation of Paul & Katherine Kochevar. The Kochevar family has been a part of the Estes Park community since 1979. Paul, a successful civil engineer, developed the resort and designed all of the units. Katherine is in charge of the management company that provides all of the resort services to guests. They, the Solitude Cabins staff, as well as each owner, take extreme pride in the quality and privacy of your stay at Solitude Cabins.
The Solitude team also features Kay and Steve Kruger who moved to Estes Park in the Fall of 2008. Prior to working at Solitude Cabins, Kay and Steve both worked in the hospitality business. Kay was the Front Office Manager for JQH Marriot, while Steve was the Food and Beverage Director for the Amana Holiday Inn. They have been vacationing in Estes Park for most of their lives. Kay and Steve both enjoy the outdoors, fishing, hiking, camping, which makes Estes Park a perfect fit.
Book your Rocky Mountain National Park vacation today at our cabins in Estes Park!
Contact Us Today Make a Reservation
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©2021 Solitude Cabins - All rights reserved.
THE RUT IS ON; AND THE ELK ARE BUGLING! Make a change for yourself while enjoying the change of seasons! We invite you to enjoy some SOLITUDE....Cabins or Lodge Rooms, give us a call for BEST RATES.


Take a look at the hottest hardware, cabinets, countertops and more.
Sliding doors connect this kitchen to the backyard, flooding the space with light.
For the kitchen island, homeowner and real estate agent Emily Norris reused a solid wood cabinet that came with the house (she was told it was an old Simpsons department store display case). Emily tried to talk herself into saving money with butcherblock counters, but in the end she realized if she didn't do Bianco Carrara Statuario marble, she'd regret it forever.
Contractor, Artisans Unlimited; marble, K.C. Granite & Marble; gas range, BlueStar; rug, Elte; doors, Synergy Manufacturing; shelves, Ikea.
Let drapes pool on the floor for a soft, casual look.
A storage wall is a beautiful way to display art, dishes and decor accessories.
Shelves, drapes, Ikea; white dishes, William Ashley China; rug, Elte.
A sliding panel conceals pantry shelving.
Intent on making this room a place to linger, not just to cook, designer Karen Cole purposefully aimed for airiness and light. Pale grey-blue cupboards — but not too many — complement a stainless steel-tile backsplash and deep open counters.
Kitchen design, cabinets, ColeDesign Studio; backsplash tile, Antica Tile & Stone; countertop, shelf, Dixie Marble and Granite.
Use warm metals like gold and antiqued brass for an eye-catching accent.
Designer Sophie Burke included glass-front, Shaker-style cabinets in her parents' Vancouver kitchen to house her mother's china. "We both love white dishes!" Burke says.
Millwork, Open Space Urban Cabinetry; cabinet colour, Off-White (3), Farrow & Ball; Okite quartzcompositecounters, Bordignon; brass pulls, Cantu; backsplash tile, Bullnose Tile.
Make a statement with a patterned backsplash.
Corbels and moulding conceal a custom range hood above the stove.
Bamboo lower cabinets add rustic contrast to the white uppers.
Designers David Zacharko and David Yustin included a window seat in the kitchen to give the owners' three kids a cosy spot to hang out.
A creamy marble backsplash and white CaesarStone countertops are classic choices that will feel fresh for many years.
Pops of teal inject life into a black-and-white palette.
Create a modern-vintage vibe with a feature wall of old world tiles.
Instead of upper cabinets, a ceiling-height backsplash creates a dramatic effect.
The island was designed specifically to suit the room's modest dimensions and to keep things open visually. While small, it comes in handy during food prep.
Kindred kitchen sink, faucet, Kitchen and Bath Classics; window, window installation, Cossins Windows Canada; island fabrication, CountryFurniture; Glow Crystal Rain ceiling light fixture, Cartwright Lighting; Kenmore Elite 30" slide-in range, Jenn-Air dishwasher, Sears; Euro Kitchen Spagna Vetro hood fan, KitchenHoods; toaster, Ultra Power Plus tilt-head standmixer in white, KitchenAid; Frigidaire Professional upright freezer and refrigerator, Coast Wholesale Appliances; She Set A Fire in the Master Bedroom 2003 by Mike Patten (graphite on paper above toaster); floating shelves, walnut door and drawer fronts, Windsor Plywood; Vintage Knob cabinet pulls, Restoration Hardware; Absolute Black granite countertop, Botticino Classic marble island countertop, countertops' installation, Icon Stone & Tile; porcelain mortar & pestle, Williams-Sonoma; Everstone Bullets marble mosaic backsplash in Multi Brown (USi-Blts-Mlt-Brown), Universal Slate International.


Team sports bring people together. Special Olympics Unified Sports team to that too, and much more.
Team sports bring people together. Special Olympics Unified Sport teams do that, too, and much more. More than 1.2 million people globally take part in Unified Sport, breaking down stereotypes about people with an intellectual disability in a fun way.
Unified Sport brings together people with and without intellectual disabilities on the same team. It was inspired by a simple principle: training together and playing together is a quick path to friendship and understanding.
In Unified Sport, teams are made up of people of a similar age and ability. ensuring practices are more fun and games more challenging and exciting for all. Having sport in common is just one more way that preconceptions and false ideas are swept away.


100 years ago, the Great War changed the world. On a global scale, and more importantly a local one, the lives of girls were irrevocably changed. Yet their voices often go unheard, and this year, we'd like to correct that.
Who were the millions of women and girls whose lives were impacted by WWI?
This exhibition continues our Heroines Quilt project, highlighting girls and women who made contributions to WWI. Theirs are stories of individuals and groups of girls on all sides of the home front and beyond—from family to fashion to music to work. These girls faced hardship and loss on a previously unimaginable scale. Many grew up to fight in the Second World War, greatly influenced by their childhood experiences.
Young children feed chickens on a British farm during the World War One. Image via BBC.
The First World War brought about great changes within girls' home lives. Many faced the absence of father, uncles and older brothers. This absence was unbearable, but for those who lost all contact with their loved ones, like Gert Adams, permanent separation was made a reality. After six months of chasing news of her husband, Gert was notified of his death.
Other changes happened when girls left home to join the war effort. Although less common in Western Europe and America, many girls did join the men on the front lines. This was especially true in Southeastern Europe, where women had recently fought in the Balkan Wars. One such woman was Sofia Jovanović of Serbia, who was tasked to lead a battalion of men to capture an Austrian stronghold and cut communication lines.
By the end of the war, 9 to 15 million people had died. And the casualties weren't limited to men. By 1916, Serbia alone had lost 40,000 women due to ill health and malnutrition. Elsewhere, like in India, girls who survived the war were placed into difficult situations when their fathers died, leaving their mothers penniless and their property – maybe even their lives – now controlled by their father's family.
Female munitions workers guide 6-inch howitzer shells being lowered to the floor at the Chilwell ammunition factory in Nottinghamshire, UK, July 1917, WikiCommons.
Other absences were created by war work. Many young women left home for the first time to work in specialist compounds. The Canary girls of the munitions factory were situated on private compounds where they lived and worked with some significant side effects, like their skin turning yellow due to sulphur exposure, with deaths frequently happening around the factories.
There was also the Land Army, where girls and women from all walks of life helped to work the land.
However, the majority of girls did stay at home or worked near enough to return home at night. Many women took part in voluntary projects, like knitting, particularly in Britain where Queen Mary helped to promote the idea that females should be "sitting and knitting" items such as blankets, socks, or gloves for soldiers and refugees.
Man holding a heavy loaded bicycle in balance, two children and a large bundle of clothing on it, a woman and and other man helping. The children warmly dressed. Refugees from Antwerp. Belgium, 1914, Nationaal Archief.
The standard of living for families was largely affected by their location. The majority of the fighting took place on the European continent, in places like France, Belgium, and Germany. Those living on the front lines faced food shortages and violence every day.
In Germany, school children suffered malnutrition, anaemia, and tuberculosis. In France, an area the size of Wales was destroyed through trench warfare and 40,000 civilians died. Many families had to move out of their homes, and in some cases, entire towns were destroyed.
On the other hand, people who lived away from the fighting, like in England, had a much higher standard of living. British school children's cleanliness, nutrition, and health increased despite the war. Children living outside of conflict zones were encouraged to forego sugar and collect excess wheat to be sent to the soldiers and refugees.
But this wasn't the case in all countries. In India, high taxation to fund war efforts left many girls and their families struggling. The disruption of trade caused prices to rise, and many were left deeply in debt just to survive.
The Women's Royal Air Force during the First World War. Members of the Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) on board an RAF lorry circa 1918, WikiCommons.
War also had its own effect on family life. Rising numbers of fathers signed up and shipped out to the trenches in Belgium, France and Germany.
Governments involved in the war used all the methods at their disposal to drum up national support for the war effort.
In Canada, many young girls helped to make bandages, collect books and newspaper, and baked goods for the soldiers.
In Australia, women volunteered with organizations like the Australian Red Cross and Australian Women's National League. And in New Zealand, the Women's Royal Air Force was created. Despite the distance, the home front still supported their soldiers with as much ferocity as if it were on their own front step.
The next-of-kin of a soldier was usually informed of his death by a letter, Army form B104-82.
The sense of loss and deprivation due to rationing, death and financial hardship were similar for children around the world.
Older siblings, mainly older sisters, were tasked with looking after younger siblings if their mother had to go out to work. Many would continue to do so, or have to find work themselves, when fathers or brothers died in the war. This forced many to quit school early and to take on adult responsibilities while still children themselves.
By the end of the war, the world was faced with a generation of under-educated children.
Dickinson children, dressed up in WW1 army, navy and nursing costumes, 10 Feb 1916, WikiCommons.
All members of society were expected to contribute to the war effort. However, this could be a fun time spent making things or working together with friends to raise money.
The children of Auckland and Wellington in New Zealand challenged each other to build a trail of copper coins, following the main truck line between the two cities and meeting each other in the middle, which provided lots of money for troops.
Girls also contributed to the war effort by knitting and sewing socks and scarves to keep troops warm. They sent letters to soldiers along with clothes, food and other small items.
Yet the war also impacted other ways of having fun, which served as constant reminders that the world was at war.
Wartime propaganda was not limited to posters. Popular toys reflected the expected activities of a nation at war. Dolls were dressed as auxiliary nurses, working on the front, while guns and helmets let children act out wartime roles. Children used their imaginations to play soldier or nurse, sometimes with their own costumes.
While pre-war children dreamed of owning a German-made Steiff bear, the war made this impossible. British toy companies rushed to create patriotic British bears to satisfy the demand. Some of their favourite, but foreign-made, toys disappeared from shelves, replaced by items made locally. These were not always as successful as the toys they replaced, but both patriotism and the disruption of trade necessitated national toy production.
As the war progressed, many of the factories that produced toys in Britain were claimed by the Ministry of Defence and started to make uniforms, bombs, and bullets. The availability of new toys during the war decreased and children increasingly relied upon their imaginations and what they had already at home.
Hurray! A war picture-book, 1915, Herbert Rikli, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin.
During WWI, publishers made their own contribution to the war effort.
A book entitled Hurray! A War Picture-Book was published and widely read in Germany, explaining the war and encouraging its young readers to actively support the war effort.
On the other side of the world, the New Zealand School Journal, first published in May 1907, offered readers feature sections on Gallipoli and the Western Front, in addition to reports on children's fundraising efforts, patriotic poems and songs to sing together, moral fables and tales of heroism.
Children were encouraged to write poems, letters and draw pictures for those stationed in on the front lines. By reading letters written by children, we see that they had a strong grasp on what was going on in Europe and beyond. They were in touch with world events as loved ones often discussed these matters openly in front of children.
And they say he'll get reward.
And it's me now we've lost Dad.
Dad they tell me is a soldier.
And I'm sure he's going right.
Girl Guides during WWI, via BBC.
Founded just four years before the war, the Girl Guides were popular among girls in the UK and US.
During the war, members of the Guides fulfilled important wartime tasks, such as carrying important messages and helping deliver milk. Guide activities started to include first aid and learning to send messages using small flags.
Guides would also raise donations for the war effort, coordinating the sending of care packages and organising their own knitting and sewing sessions.
They may have even been used by the British Security Service to pass secret messages during wartime, inspiring girls like 14-year-old Audrey Hepburn, who acted as a messenger for the Belgian resistance during World War II.
Sport became an important part of the school day, with government ministers wanting to prepare young people for active service.
Schools allocated extra time for sports.
Children spent some of their spare time playing football, hockey and other sports on parks and common land.
Due to the majority of fit young men being on the front, a large gap was created in sport and entertainment. Young female munitions workers were encouraged to play to keep their morale up, and quickly were used to keep the general population's morale up by playing public sports.
The greatest goal scorer England had ever seen, Lily Par, began playing during WWI — and would score over 1,000 goals during her 31-year career. Sadly, in 1921, many football grounds banned women from playing.
School life continued as normal as possible.
Schools adopted a nationalistic, patriotic focus, with the expectation of all to support the nation's troops included in lessons.
One commonly held belief during World War I was that if children undertook physical exercise this would lead to better school performance. Particularly, in New Zealand schools, there was a strong emphasis on outdoor life and sports. Children were taught out of doors as much as possible, with running, swimming and athletics a key part of their education.
During the war girls were taught sport at school. Many had a lesson called "drill", the equivalent of today's "Physical Education" lesson. These mainly consisted of marching on the spot, stretching and swinging large wooden clubs around as a strengthening exercise.
Fashion reflected the changing roles of women in this period and the decades after the war. Women's fashion changed to reflect their roles in the Home Front, in the Munitions Factories, or as nurses on the Front Lines.
Before the war, women were expected to be the 'Angel in the House'. This term extends from Coventry Patmore's poem of the same name, which described the ideal woman in terms of her virtuousness, obedience and patience. Naturally, this ideal of womanhood transferred itself to the very clothes and underwear that women wore: tight-laced corsets and masses of petticoats.
Changing female silhouette 1914 to 1922.
A 'New Woman' emerged from the doldrums of Edwardian morals. She was well educated, independent and somewhat uninterested in the traditional pursuit of marriage and motherhood. The echoes of this 'New Woman' channelled throughout the Suffragette movements across the world. The 'New Woman' finally found a resting place in the roles played by women and fashion brought on by World War I. This ushered in shorter skirts and relaxed waistlines of women's clothing. By 1915, hemlines were ten inches from the floor, something unheard of before the war.
Photograph of a lady wearing a corset and petticoat © Edward Linley Sambourne Archives.
In 1915, more and more women were being called to work in the munitions factories, Women's Royal Naval Service (W.R.N.S.), Land Army, etc. The uniforms they wore reflected the military dress of the men at the front, as women were expected to be as smart looking as the average soldier or sailor. In Figure 3, we can see an example of an American female uniform from 1917, while Figure 4 displays coats influenced by military fashion. The coats on the women borrow the large pockets and military detailing that is present in the uniforms.
Uniform of an American army contract surgeon c.1917-1918. Digital print, Smithsonian.
Whether the majority of women adopted 'new' fashion styles is still debated. Yet the appearance of one fashion designer would forever change women's fashion. Coco Chanel produced innovative fashions throughout the war period. Chanel used surplus jersey fabric to produce jersey jumpers, trousers, and dresses that were fashionable and practical.
Illustration of French fashion c.1915.
The reality of life for most women was rationing, making do, and mending through hand or machine sewing. The home sewing industry was supported by thousands of companies that made paper patterns reflecting the latest fashion trends. As Figure 5 shows, the latest styles in fashion were available to women on a reduced income. Paper patterns were also used to encourage women not involved in war work to make uniforms for nurses and medical staff. Patterns approved by the Red Cross were used by women who became nurses and could not afford a tailor made one.
Paper pattern for a military inspired coat, Colour photograph of original pattern, McCall's Archive 2015.
Women were also encouraged to make 'comforts' for the troops serving on the frontlines. In 1914 and 1915, there was an explosion of 'patriotic knitting and sewing' done on such a feverish level that charitable societies were inundated with knitted garments. This changed when women were called into the munitions factories, military hospitals, the armed forces to free fighting men for the front lines. With more and more women entering the wartime workforce, a large majority of these women's focus changed from the domestic and private spheres to the workplace and its very public sphere. Young girls took up the responsibility of producing 'comforts' for those on the front lines – while also heading the households so their mothers could work.
Groups of nurses, young girls and Prisoners of War knitting comforts for Front Line Troops, Priscilla Publishing Book.
Fashion throughout the Great War changed at a rapid pace. It was seen as a patriotic duty for women to look their best at all times to counteract the loss of life and sadness that came with war. Fashion became a propaganda tool for governments across Europe to persuade women to join the armed forces by using glamourous uniforms.
By the end of the war in 1918, fashion was unrecognizable to what it had been at the start of the war just four years prior. The impact of Great War fashion was to be felt throughout the 1920s, as fashion began to reflect the ever-evolving and more independent roles of women in the 20th century.
Music can make us happy or sad, calm and soothe us, or even recall a specific moment with our loved ones. Even though music wasn't as accessible 100 years ago as it is today, it still had a great effect on people. And it was very useful during wartime. Music was used for pleasure, for morale and as a propaganda tool before conscription was introduced in Britain.
Classical composers were the rock stars at the turn of the nineteenth century. But to be able to listen to classical music with a full orchestra was reserved to those who could afford it. Even a simple gramophone was extremely expensive, so not everyone was able to listen to records in the comfort of their own homes. And radios as we know them were not yet invented. Those without played homemade instruments or sang to their heart's content.
American enrolled 'Yomanettes' during 'Happy Hour' at US Navy Yard, Mare Island, California in c.1918. WikiCommons.
The rock stars of the time were composers such as Ralph Vaughan Williams and Ivor Gurney who were inspired by the English countryside and folk music. However, these gentlemen joined up to fight for the war effort, though some would continue composing. Unfortunately, it was still rare to find a woman in an orchestra at that time. In fact, during 1916, only 8 women were included in The Hallé's records show, and by 1920, the orchestra was back to being fully dominated by men.
With limited modes of entertainment, many households relied on musical instruments to pass the time, especially in the evening. Women used music in their new roles, with nurses providing musical instruments for their injured charges. For women who had successfully enrolled within the armed services, music offered a way to boost morale, bring a division together and wile away the long evening hours.
Music played a very important role in war to raise morale. However, this wasn't something that those in the war office were behind at first.
Within Girl Museum's Heroine Quilt, there is a woman who fought policies to prove that music was and should be used to help men on The Front. With pure grit and determination, she arranged entertainment road shows for the troops to lift their spirits. Can you find her?
During the First World War, music was more upbeat than later wars, with songs like 'Pack up Your Troubles in Your Old Kitbag' and 'It's a Long Way to Tipperary'.
Some classical composers felt passionately about writing music that would embrace and encompass feelings of mourning their loved ones, commemorating their lives, to celebrating when they came home, and to keep their spirits high when they were away. 'Keep the Home Fires Burning' was aimed at all the families left on the Home Front. 'Pack up Your Troubles in Your Kitbag' gained huge popularity because of how it was easily accessible via sheet music that could be played on any piano.
Women were most effective with music as propaganda in music halls. Theatre halls were accessible for most people, unlike classical music concerts, so they were popular entertainment venues. In London alone, there were more than 300 musical theatres. These ranged from posh halls in the West End to smaller places in the East End. Music halls also doubled up as places where men of all fighting ages signed up to join the war effort. Vesta Tilley was nicknamed 'Britain's Greatest Recruitment Sergeant'. Here, a young woman named Kitty Eckersley recalls the moment that her husband was recruited by Vesta.
Vesta was draped in a Union Jack, singing "We Don't Want to Lose (But We Think You Ought To Go)" amidst the audience, and by the end of the song there were so many men following her that there wasn't enough room on the stage for all of them. It's hard to imagine the true power of this popular recruitment tool, which appealed to their patriotism. There was also a darker side to this; men who refused were sometimes given a white feather, which was a sign of cowardice.
The clip at left, from the film "Oh! What a Lovely War", gives us an image of what it could have been like.
Before World War I, most women across the world did not have the vote; they were paid less than men and certain jobs were considered inappropriate for them. In the UK, the vast majority of working class women worked as domestic servants or in factories, offices and shops. Women in less industrialized countries, such as Russia, France and Germany, predominantly worked the land. Many were not expected to engage in paid work after marriage.
However, the war required women to take on a variety of jobs. There was initial resistance for hiring women, but conscription made the need for women workers urgent, thus changing the workforce forever. In Britain, 2 million women replaced men in their jobs during the war. In Russia, the percentage of women in industry increased from 26% to 43%, and a million women joined the workforce in Austria. In France, the percentage of women in the workforce increased by 20%.
In contrast, in Germany, fewer women joined the workforce during the war. A large part of this was because trade unions were afraid women would undercut men's jobs. These unions were partly responsible for forcing the German Government to turn away from moving women into work. Many female labourers were volunteers, leading to a smaller proportion of women entering employment in comparison to other countries. It has been suggested that not encouraging women into work played a contributing factor to Germany's loss in the war.
Click through the tabs below to learn about the different roles women played in the workforce during World War I.
These farmerettes are harvesting a peach crop on a farm near Leesburg, VA, in August 1917. The farmerettes are wearing the regulation bloomers and smocks and are ready to march into the Virginia peach orchard. Photo courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration.
The disruption of trade meant that one of the most pressing issues was the provision of food. At this time, food was produced by national farmers and involved little of the processing that we expect today.
In France, Germany and Russia, many women already worked on the land. With the loss of male workers, their workload increased dramatically. As the war progressed, farm animals were requisitioned by the army, leaving women labourers to plough the field by hand. Many countries suffered food shortages and famine.
In the UK, the majority of women worked in towns and cities, so women and girls were asked to volunteer to work the land. The Government invited women to join the Women's Land Army, an organisation that offered cheap female labour to farmers. From 1914 to 1918, the number of women working as farm labourers doubled. The 260,000 volunteers that made up the WLA were given a uniform and ordered to work as hard as possible in manual agricultural labour.
Women in the U.S. also responded to government posters to support the troops through food production. For some, agricultural work would have been a very new and difficult experience. But it also offered young women an opportunity to meet new people and, perhaps for the first time, experience independence.
Interior of a ward on a British Ambulance Train in France, via the National Library of Scotland.
The work of female doctors, nurses, orderlies and ambulance drivers was essential to the war. Military nursing expanded across many nations and saw a wider participation by female doctors. At the start of the war, the British army was resolutely opposed to all female military nurses. Early volunteers from Britain were obliged to serve the French and the Belgian forces instead.
Until 1916 many of the nurses were unpaid, so they mostly came from wealthier families who could support them. These were powerful women who became quickly versed in the management of military hospitals. Women as far afield as Australia and New Zealand volunteered to go to anywhere that needed them, including makeshift hospitals on the front. In Southeastern Europe, many women served as medical staff, including Queen Marie of Romania, who trained as a nurse and set up various hospitals within Romania.
Due to their close proximity to the war, nurses and doctors were injured and killed while tending to the wounded and while travelling to and from sites. In Britain, 45 nurses were killed and over 200 were decorated for their services to the nation.
Flora Sandes in uniform, about 1918. Via Wikimedia Commons.
Women and girls joined the service as well. Over 100,000 British women became a part of the armed forces.
From 1917, the British and American armed forces allowed women to enlist, but only men were officially allowed to go into battle. Women were recruited to free up men occupying non-combat roles. The British army established the Women's Royal Navy Service (WRNS) and the Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF), who carried out support duties. Many of the women who enlisted in the U.S. undertook clerical work, and while French women were not given military status, they too contributed to military duties.
After the 1917 Russian Revolution, Maria Botchkareva, a 25-year-old peasant woman, formed a battalion of women. Over 2,000 women volunteered to form the 'Battalion of Death', fighting side-by-side with Russian men. Bochkareva was wounded and decorated several times.
In Serbia, Flora Sandes joined the Serbian army as a soldier in 1916. She was initially an ambulance driver on the Eastern Front. When she enlisted with the Serbians, she was allowed to serve on the front lines and, by 1916, was promoted to Sergeant Major. After the war, she stayed in the army and became a Major.
Women were also used as spies, particularly in countries that were occupied by military forces. Nurses and other women working on the front were also inadvertently involved in military operations, hiding troops during invasions and lying about information that they had gathered during their time with the soldiers.
Tram conductress – a 'Clippie'. Photo uploaded by Paul Townsen on Flickr.
The first British women to serve as police officers occurred during the World War I. These female officers patrolled public areas, such as railway stations, streets, parks and public houses.
One of their main responsibilities was to maintain discipline and monitor the behaviour of women around factories and hostels. They carried out inspections of women who worked in factories to ensure that they didn't take anything into the factories which had the potential to cause explosions.
Women also began to work in the transport industry and were given positions such as bus conductress, ticket collector, porter, carriage cleaner or bus driver. The number of women working on the railways increased from 9,000 to 50,000 during the war.
After the war, many of these opportunities became closed to women as servicemen returned to their jobs. This was a common story for many professions after the end of the war.
'On munitions – dangerous work: packing TNT', Archibald Standish-Hartrick, 1917. Photo via Archives New Zealand.
WWI was a defining factor for the professional and social status of women engineers. Increasing numbers of women were working in munition factories as well as aeronautical and automobile engineering.
After 1915, a large number of women began to work in munitions manufacturing as the need for shells increased. By 1918, almost one million women were employed in some aspect of munitions work.
However, factory work was monotonous – women often found themselves doing jobs that had been simplified into a series of unskilled tasks. Working in munitions was relatively well paid, especially for women who had previously worked in domestic service. However, women workers in munitions factories were still paid as little as half the wages of men doing similar jobs.
Working in munitions factories often meant long hours and unpleasant or dangerous work. There were several devastating explosions in which women workers were killed. There was also little work/life balance. In order to keep up with the pace of demand from the front line, twelve-hour shifts were common and some women would work thirteen days in a row. However, the government did not provide a nursery provision for women working in other fields of work: this meant that they women had to rely on friends and family to help with their childcare.
Poster of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) for the elections to the Weimar National Assembly in 1919.
After the war, the clock was turned back and women were dismissed from their jobs, instead expected to care for their injured male relatives or husbands. The war had upset traditional gender expectations. The reality of post-war society was more complex, with relatively few women accepting notions of social, sexual or political liberation.
Old ways began to reassert themselves as newly unemployed women were pressured into becoming domestic servants or to marrying. However, there were some positive outcomes. During the war, many women developed new skills, self-confidence and contacts as a result of their jobs. The status of women fundamentally changed and would continue to do so throughout the rest of the 20th century.
Women in many countries had been fighting for the right to vote before the start of the war. By the war's end, only Finland, Norway, New Zealand, parts of Australia and a couple of American states had granted female suffrage. Between 1917 and 1920, women gained the vote in Austria, Belgium, Britain, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, Russia, Scandinavia, Sweden and the United States. World War I changed patterns of work for women, broken down barriers between the home and the world outside, disrupted the class system, and offered women from across the globe new opportunities and experiences.
How did girls' experiences of war change between WWI and WWII?
Below are the stories of incredible girls and women whose lives were forever changed by World War I. Click their images to discover their stories.
Download our Girls in WWI Educational Guide for fun activities related to World War I. Designed for classroom or home use, this guide is aligned to US educational standards (which can also be adapted for use in the UK).
This year's quilt is dedicated to all girls and women who have lived and died through wars not of their own making or design, but who contributed, participated and grieved as a result.
Special thanks to our curatorial and education team—Sarah Raine, Tiffany Rhoades, Rachel Sayers, Charleigh Powell, Mary Horrell, Emma Brynning, Lucy Palmer and Hillary Hanel—for such a wonderful job honoring these girls' and women's lives.
Here are some of the sources we used to created this WWI Quilt. If you are interested in knowing more, have a dig through some of these very informative books and sites.
Bawtree, Viola. 'Episodes of the Great War 1916 From the Diaries of Viola Bawtree', unpublished diary, 23/02/16-5/03/16. Ref.no: IWM DD 91/5/1.
Winners and Losers: Women's Symbolic Rile in the War Story'. In Evidence, history and the Great War: historians and the impact of 1914-18 by G. Braybon.
Children's Experiences of World War One by Stacey Gillis & Emma Short.
Nice Girls and Rude Girls: Women workers in World War I by D. Thom.
Adlington, Lucy. 'Fashion for the Few', in Great War Fashion: Tales from the History Wardrobe (London; The History Press, 2013) pp. 33-51.
Why do we remember the poets and not the composers of WW1?
Women in World War One propaganda at the British Library.
Daughters of decadence: the New Woman in the Victorian fin-de-siecle at The British Library.


text:
China's strategic missile soldiers debut at military parade
时间:2009-10-09 15:51 来源:SRC-174
Conventional missiles are displayed in a parade of the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, on Chang'an Street in central Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 1, 2009. (Xinhua/Ding Lin)
BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- China's strategic missile forces debuted at a grand military parade Thursday morning to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
A total of 352 cadets of the People's Liberation Army Second Artillery Force goose-stepped through Tian'anmen Square.
They were from the Wuhan-based Second Artillery Command College, the Xi'an-based Second Artillery Engineering College and a sergeant school in Shandong Province.
They wore dark green camouflages compatible to mountainous circumstances.
Wang Puze, a soldier prepared for the parade for at least five months, said he wore out three pairs of boots and two sets of training clothes.
China developed the country's first A-bomb, H-bomb and satellite in the 1960s and 1970s despite the poor technological level and stringent financial status.
编辑:杨云涛
刘翔跟腱手术照片曝光
出乎意料的朝鲜年轻人
沙特女运动员被骂妓女
兽兽珍藏素颜照曝光
跳水公主最新私照曝光
荧屏唯美吻戏盘点
全球萝莉比拼中国稳胜
盘点日本奥运美女主播
毛宁杨钰莹亲密拥吻
盘点奥运十大"突破"


text:
Q: How to fetch groupmembership attribute from Oracle LDAP server(OID) using VBScript? I am using a VBScript to do an authentication between my application with OID(Oracle Identity Directory) using an LDAP script. I am successfull in doing authentication. The next step involved is fetching all the groups that user is belonging to and map with the groups in my application. For some reasons I am not able to fetch the group information from the LDAP server. I know the attribute I should query is "groupmembership". But I am not able to get any values from this attribute. Any help on this is required. Here is a code snippet of what I have -
'ldapauth.vbs
'Version: 1.0
'Use:  c:\cscript ldapauth.vbs <userName> [<password>]
'Ex - Anonymous:       c:\>cscript ldapauth.vbs svc_testconsona
'Ex - Authenticated:   c:\>cscript ldapauth.vbs svc_testconsona wipro@123

Dim oUser      'LDAP object holding user info
Dim oDSP       'Directory Service Provider
Dim oArgs      'Command line arguments
Dim sCN        'search parameter - LDAP attribute: CN
Dim sPWD       'CN's password parameter
Dim sRoot      'Holds the root of the LDAP object
Dim sDN        'Distinguished Name of authenticating account
Dim sLDAPsrv   'LDAP server
Dim sLDAPsb    'LDAP search base
Dim bAuthQuery 'Query Type - True=Authenticated, False=Anonymous

CONST ADS_SECURE_AUTHENTICATION = &H0001
CONST ADS_USE_ENCRYPTION = &H0002
CONST ADS_USE_SSL = &H0002
CONST ADS_READONLY_SERVER = &H0004
CONST ADS_NO_AUTHENTICATION = &H0010
CONST ADS_FAST_BIND = &H0020
CONST ADS_USE_SIGNING = &H0040
CONST ADS_USE_SEALING = &H0080
CONST ADS_USE_DELEGATION = &H0100
CONST ADS_SERVER_BIND = &H0200
Const ADS_PROPERTY_NOT_FOUND  = &h8000500D

sLDAPsrv = "myserver.domain.com:389"
sLDAPsb = "ou=Active,o=CMI"

'Get the command line args
set oArgs=WScript.Arguments

'Check command line args
On Error Resume Next
sCN = oArgs.item(0)    'username
If Err.Number <> 0 Then
    Echo ""
    Echo "**** ERROR: No username supplied."
    Echo ""
    Echo "Use: c:\>cscript ldapauth.vbs <userName> [<password>]"
    Echo ""
    Echo "Aborting..."
    Echo ""
    WScript.Quit
End If

sRoot = "LDAP://" & sLDAPsrv & "/cn=" & sCN & "," & sLDAPsb
sDN = "cn=" & sCN & "," & sLDAPsb

wscript.echo "the query is:"
wscript.echo sRoot

On Error Resume Next
sPWD = oArgs.item(1)   'password
If Err.Number <> 0 Then   'This will be a non-authenticated query
    bAuthQuery = False
    Echo ""
    Echo "Performing anonymous LDAP query..."
    Echo ""
Else    'This will be an authenticated query
    bAuthQuery = True
    Echo ""
    Echo "Performing authenticated LDAP query..."
    Echo ""
End If
'Done checking command line args

'Set directory service provider
Set oDSP = GetObject("LDAP:")

'Perform requested type of query - anonymous or authenticated
If bAuthQuery Then   'authenticated query requested

    'Set the LDAP object query
    On Error Resume Next
    Set oUser = oDSP.OpenDSObject(sRoot,sDN,sPWD,ADS_SERVER_BIND)
    If Err.Number <> 0 Then
        If Err.Number = "-2147023570" Then
            Echo "**** ERROR: Authentication failed. Check username, password and search base."
        ElseIf Err.Number = "-2147016646" Then
            Echo "**** ERROR: LDAP server not found."
        Else
            Echo "**** ERROR: Unable to bind to LDAP server. " & Err.Number
        End If
        Echo ""
        Echo "Use: c:\>cscript ldapauth.vbs <username> <password>"
        Echo ""
        Echo "Aborting..."
        Echo ""
        WScript.Quit
    End If

Else                 'anonymous query requested

    'Set the LDAP object query
    On Error Resume Next
    Set oUser = oDSP.OpenDSObject(sRoot,vbNullString,vbNullString,ADS_SERVER_BIND AND ADS_NO_AUTHENTICATION)
    If Err.Number <> 0 Then
        If Err.Number = "-2147016656" Then
            Echo "**** ERROR: Username not found."
        ElseIf Err.Number = "-2147016646" Then
            Echo "**** ERROR: LDAP server not found."
        Else
            Echo "**** ERROR: Unable to bind to LDAP server. " & Err.Number
        End If
        Echo ""
        Echo "Use: c:\>cscript ldapauth.vbs <username [<password>]"
        Echo ""
        Echo "Aborting..."
        Echo ""
        WScript.Quit
    End If
End If

'Populate the user property cache
oUser.GetInfo

'Iterate through available user attributes
For count = 0 to (oUser.PropertyCount-1)
    sAttribName = oUser.Item(CInt(count)).Name
    -'This line fetches the attribute name poroperly. But values from groupmembership is not getting it.
    if sAttribName = "groupmembership" then
        sAttribVal = oUser.GetInfoEx(sAttribName)
    else
        sAttribVal = oUser.Get(sAttribName)
    end if

    If IsArray(sAttribVal) Then
        For Each sMultiVal in oUser.GetEx(sAttribName)
            sAttribList = sAttribList & sAttribName & Space(16-Len(sAttribName)) & ":: " & sMultiVal & vbCRLF
        Next
    Else
        sAttribList = sAttribList & sAttribName & Space(16-Len(sAttribName)) & ":  " & sAttribVal & vbCRLF
    End If
    sAttribName = ""
    sAttribVal = ""
    if err.number <> 0 then
        err.Clear
    end if
Next

Echo sAttribList

'Clean up
set oDSP=Nothing
set oUser=Nothing

wscript.Quit

Sub Echo(byref message)
   WScript.Echo message
End Sub

A: OID doesn't normally have an attribute on a user called groupmembership (unless you added one yourself).
If you are trying to find the groups that a user is a member of, you have to do a second ldap search for the groups.
Groups in OID have either groupOfNames or groupOfUniqueNames as their object class. Each of these object classes has a multivalued attribute for storing the names of group members. When a user is assigned to a group, their DN is added to the respective multivalued attribute. In the groupOfNames object class, this multivalued attribute is member, and, in the groupOfUniqueNames object class, it is uniqueMember.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Eyewitness Report: ANTIFA Outmaneuvers Police During Chapel Hill Confederate Statue Protest
Published on August 23, 2017 August 23, 2017 in Politics by Eduardo Rivero
Yesterday night, Black Lives Matter, ANTIFA and other extremist left-wing groups gathered on McCorkle Place on northern side of the University of North Carolina campus in Chapel Hill to demand the tearing down of Silent Sam, a Confederate Civil War memorial dedicated to fallen alumni soldiers.
Initially, the demonstration started with the usual left-wing protest chants of "Hey Hey Ho Ho, Silent Sam Has Got To Go!" and "Cops & The Klan Go Hand-In-Hand" and other rehashes of 60's protest anthems. The left is forever locked in the time warp of the Civil Rights era.
As the evening wore on, the demonstration became increasingly aggressive and took on more of a mob tone. At one point, an ANTIFA member, wearing a black bandana over his face, assaulted a bystander wearing the iconic red Trump hat. They initially placed a banner in front of the Trump follower, in order to conceal his hat of hate. As time passed, they surrounded him and became more aggressive. His hat was eventually stolen by a masked ANTIFA thug and then tossed into a cheering crowd. He was harassed to the point of having to be escorted out of McCorkle Place. The simple presence of alternative ideas or symbols is enough to warrant assault and the denial of basic rights, according to ANTIFA and their sympathizers.
Sometime later, two ANTIFA members were arrested by the police for wearing masks in a public place and resisting arrest, both misdemeanors. In southern US states, it is illegal to wears masks at public rallies for obvious historical reasons pertaining to the Ku Klux Klan. As soon as the police apprehended the criminals, ANTIFA began to actively challenge the police. Outnumbered and sensing an escalating aggression from the mob, the Chapel Hill Police made a scramble with their suspect to Hyde hall, a university administrative building, while being harassed by ANTIFA every step of the way with demands to release their comrade.
With the criminal secured there, ANTIFA became increasingly aggressive toward the barricaded cops. Seemingly trapping themselves in Hyde Hall, the police stopped securing the building externally and retreated indoors. A few moments later, the police quickly moved the captured ANTIFA member out a side door of Hyde Hall into a paddy wagon. What happened next was incredibly shocking, as the police van with their captor began heading due east, ANTIFA members rushed out into the streets to block traffic and stand in front of the police van in order to prevent them from leaving. While blocking the police van with their bodies and banging repeatedly on the front hood of the vehicle with their fists, they forced the police van with the captured ANTIFA member back to its starting point.
In an incredibly terrifying display, the ANTIFA terrorists were able to get the police to back down, retreat off of Franklin Street, and back into the parking lot adjacent to Hyde Hall. Never in all my days have I seen the police so out maneuvered before. The fact that this chaotic mob was able to dictate to the police where they could and could not go was jarring, and shows the limits of the ability of cops to keep the public safe. The Chapel Hill Police and the Sheriff's Department were always on the defensive in their clashes with ANTIFA; they were always reactionary instead of proactive. Eventually, the police did secure and remove the two alleged perpetrators, however, it came after several failed attempts to extract them from protest area.
The Chapel Hill Police and the Sheriff's Department handed BLM and ANTIFA victories by backing down to them. Emboldened by these small victories, they will surely be more aggressive in the future. To the credit of the police, they do have the self-control and the discipline of monks. Throughout the day, they were constantly harassed and never once did I see them act aggressively towards what over time became an intimating mob. The police were carrying protective gas masks, but never deployed riot-control measures. In essence, one could say that they dealt with ANTIFA with kid gloves.
The long term goal of the left is to deconstruct the history of the United States. After all the Civil War memorials are torn down, the radical left will have grounds to target the founding fathers and destroy symbols and ideas representing them. With the founding fathers destroyed, the path will be fully cleared to dismantle the Constitution and all its protections. I mean, who will be able to argue with the "Washington and Jefferson were slave owners too!" rationale once the precedent is set with the removal of these Confederate monuments?
The long term end goal is to dismantle the foundational building blocks of this nation, and replace them with modern cultural Marxism. Just as the Taliban and ISIS continue to destroy historical symbols in the territories they conquer and displace them with their own ideology, the left seeks to do the same. Make no mistake about it, the modern-day left is just as vicious as ISIS and will. ANTIFA and BLM didn't claim victory tonight, but they did gain some momentum in a fierce battle that is really just getting started.
Tags: AntifaBlack Lives MatterConfederate Monumentsfar leftnorth carolinaSilent Sam
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Eduardo Rivero
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John D. Horton says:
Why are the police not shooting when they are being imprisoned (surrounded) and kidnapped (forced to move against their will) by Antifa and BLM? It was observed that people riding on the same Soros-funded chartered buses were wearing both KKK and BLM t-shirts and laughing and joking with each other while on the bus until they exited the buses and separated. Soros apparently staged both sides of the Charlottesville event.
This reminds me of the border police in Europe who are issued machine guns and just let the Islamic Invasion Army walk right through the border or climb over fences to get through the border. The machine guns are issued to the border police to use to stop by deadly force the Islamic Invasion Army entering Europe.
It seems that all police agencies worldwide have been given stand down orders to allow the Left to violate all the laws. Failure of the police to shoot at the Left is emboldening the Left to engage in more unlawful activity.
(((Aron))) says:
You should start shooting at everyone you don't like. I can't wait to see what would happen to you.
But just remember: you idiots aren't the only ones with guns.
Captain Insano says:
Why let it escalate like that? It's the fault of the police for letting the situation escalate as it did, either show your athoritah or call in backup who is able to show their athoritah and control the situation (like the national guard).
I'm not condoning the antifa terrorists behavior by any means, and I think they should all be shipped to Afghanistan, but the police must be policing (controlling) situations like this and stopping them from growing to an unmanageable incident where you are forced to take drastic measures like using lethal force on the terrorists.
Jimmy Rustler says:
im sure that the police were given orders to no be aggressive towards ANTIFA, the university is liberal after all.
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An appeal to Barack Obama: Please free Leonard Peltier, the seriously ill Native American civil rights activist!
US President visits Lakota reservation
On occasion of the visit of US President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle to the Lakota reservation "Standing Rock" in North Dakota, the Society for Threatened Peoples would like to draw attention to the tragic fate of the Native American civil rights activist Leonard Peltier. "We appeal to President Obama to finally pardon the seriously ill Anishinabe-Lakota Indian, who has been imprisoned since 1976. Peltier was blamed for the deaths of two FBI officials who – in 1975 – were killed in another Lakota reservation. He is innocent!" said Yvonne Bangert, the STP's expert for questions concerning indigenous peoples, in Göttingen on Friday.
Over the years, many prominent voices campaigned on behalf of Leonard Peltier, including the late Simon Wiesenthal, director of the Documentation Centre of the Association of Jewish Victims of the Nazi regime, the Nobel Peace Prize winners Rigoberta Menchu and Nelson Mandela, numerous members of the US Congress, the Canadian, Belgian, Dutch and the European Parliament as well as members of the German Bundestag. Apart from the STP, Amnesty International campaigns for the civil rights activist too.
"Despite the proven fact that there were irregularities and attempts to obstruct the defense, the proceedings could not be revised or re-opened – so the legal process is exhausted. This is why Peltier's only chance is to be pardoned by President Obama, who has so far shown more commitment towards the rights of the indigenous population of his country than any of his predecessors. Peltier, who will turn 70 this year, is almost blind on one eye because of a stroke in 1986. He is suffering from diabetes and a heart disease. It would be an act of humanity to finally let him return to his native reserve and spend his old age together with his family. Please consider the appeals of the many thousands of people all around the world who have repeatedly expressed their support for this brave man."
Yvonne Bangert - Indigenous Peoples Department - is available for further questions: Tel. 0551 49906 14 or indigene@gfbv.de.
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In a complicated world that involves school runs, monster mummies and fussy little eaters, there's something reassuring about black and white fashion. It's quick, easy and effortlessly cool – especially when worn in dogtooth, stripes and spots. No wonder the trend has been embraced by so many mini fashionistas, including Suri Cruise and Harper Beckham.
Okay, so we're entering a world without colour. But is that so bad when white denotes innocence and black repels dirt? Besides, the classic colour combination is deliciously practical for time poor parents who still dress their kids. It's simple to mix, match and even layer with colour. Plus, it's a timeless look, making it straightforward to hand down monochrome pieces to younger siblings and relatives. Coupled with high-quality materials such as prima cotton, wool and cashmere, they can be passed on for generations. Really.
Go on – give it a try and teach your little one their first lesson in styling.
1. Monochrome can save you money. Little clothes and accessories can be quite expensive and children can outgrow them quickly. So it makes sense to focus on quality rather than quantity. Black and white pieces rarely go out of style and can be sold on in garage sales and online.
2. Help them express their individuality with slogan T-shirts and quirky accessories like kitty ears and pom-pom keyrings.
3. Give monochrome outfits a lift with a pop of primary colour. Red shoes never lose their allure.


Walt Disney World will mark the 35th Night of Joy event with performances by Amy Grant, Steven Curtis Chapman, MercyMe, Kirk Franklin.
Continuing in its new location at ESPN Wide World of Sport, the 2017 Night of Joy will take place on September 8th and 9th.
It is expected that tickets will go on sale in early June.


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PRESIDENTS OF WAR by Michael Beschloss
About Presidents of War
From a preeminent presidential historian comes a groundbreaking and often surprising saga of America's wartime chief executives
Ten years in the research and writing, Presidents of War is a fresh, magisterial, intimate look at a procession of American leaders as they took the nation into conflict and mobilized their country for victory. It brings us into the room as they make the most difficult decisions that face any President, at times sending hundreds of thousands of American men and women to their deaths.
From James Madison and the War of 1812 to recent times, we see them struggling with Congress, the courts, the press, their own advisors and antiwar protesters; seeking comfort from their spouses, families and friends; and dropping to their knees in prayer. We come to understand how these Presidents were able to withstand the pressures of war—both physically and emotionally—or were broken by them.
Beschloss's interviews with surviving participants in the drama and his findings in original letters, diaries, once-classified national security documents, and other sources help him to tell this story in a way it has not been told before. Presidents of War combines the sense of being there with the overarching context of two centuries of American history. This important book shows how far we have traveled from the time of our Founders, who tried to constrain presidential power, to our modern day, when a single leader has the potential to launch nuclear weapons that can destroy much of the human race.
About Michael Beschloss
Michael Beschloss is the author of nine books on presidential history, including, most recently, the New York Times bestsellers Presidential Courage and The Conquerors, as well as two volumes on Lyndon Johnson's White House tapes. He was also editor of the number-one global bestseller Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy. He is the NBC News Presidential Historian and a PBS NewsHour contributor and has received an Emmy and six honorary degrees. He is on Twitter at @BeschlossDC.


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Support for HM Armed Forces personnel, Veterans and their families
Useful services contacts for HM Service Personnel, Veterans and their families
The Veterans Gateway website
Veterans' Gateway is the first point of contact for veterans seeking support on a broad range of issues including:
The site is also a valuable resource for professionals assisting veteran clients. The team are available 24/7 and have expertise in accessing and signposting the most appropriate organisation for you. Alternatively, you can search the site yourself to find what support is available in your area. Messaging options are also available.
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We are here to administer and support the delivery of welfare services. We are also responsible for membership and fundraising activities of the Legion's branches and clubs throughout Cornwall.
Find the legion near you
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We want our Armed Forces veterans and their families to know they can depend on SSAFA for support. Now and for the rest of their lives. This is for both Regular and Reserves veterans. Our values mean we are committed, practical and understanding.
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This is for Regular and Reserve, single or married veterans.
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Are an independent charity who are completely impartial in their choice of suppliers of services or equipment. They will first assess your need before suggesting a solution to meet your particular circumstances.
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