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Advanced Dispute Resolution Law and Practice
LLM07
The University of Law
QUESTION 1 (Word limit: 1,800 words)
Assume that it is Tuesday, 3 December 2019.
You are a solicitor working with the dispute resolution team of Collaws LLP at 6 Cheapway, London, E6 3UT.
Earlier today your colleague, Hilary Kirk took an urgent telephone call from Frederick Davison, an existing client of the firm. The transcript of Frederick Davison's conversation with Hilary Kirk is DOCUMENT A (attached). A file has been opened under reference: FD/.95/KMTL.
Hilary Kirk informs you that she is preparing the client's witness statement in support of an application for a search order to be made to the Commercial Court (QBD) of the Business and Property Courts here in London. She tells you that the court, at her request, has agreed to hear the application tomorrow, Wednesday, 4 December 2019. There will be no time to prepare a formal application notice nor a claim form before the hearing.
Prepare a memorandum to Hilary Kirk that addresses the following matters. Hilary Kirk has made it clear to you that you must carry out all necessary legal research in order properly to address each matter.
By reference to any relevant law, including case law, and the available facts, provide an explanation as to why it is appropriate that the application for the search order is being made without notice.
By reference to any relevant law and the available facts, set out the arguments that you would make on behalf of your client in favour of granting the search order.
Concisely and precisely describe the undertakings that the court will require the client to give if the search order is made.
DOCUMENT A
TRANSCRIPT OF TELEPHONE CONVERSATION
Hilary Kirk ("HK"): Hello, Mr Davison. I understand you have an urgent issue that you wish to discuss with me.
Frederick Davison ("FD"): Yes, that's right.
HK: I understand from Ian North in our Commercial Department that you are a photographer, specialising in art photography.
FD: That's right. Ian has helped me negotiate book deals with my publishers, Art Books Publishing Plc. So far, I have published 3 volumes of photographs. I'm currently negotiating a further book deal for a fourth volume of images. This time it's the works of art by Sir Terry Frost, entitled "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51".
HK: So how can I help?
FD: Well, I'm not sure where to start. The problem arises from my lectureship at LCCA. HK: LCCA?
FD: Oh, that's the London College of Contemporary Arts in Holborn. From September last year until June this year, I supervised a post-graduate student, Sofija Lisjak. It's all a bit embarrassing because I ended up having an affair with her and she got herself expelled from LCCA.
HK: I appreciate this is difficult for you. Just give me the facts as you recall them in chronological order.
FD: Just before I met Sofija, in August 2018, I bought a cutting-edge piece of kit, a very high-quality digital camera to take photographs in extremely fine detail for "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51". Do you know Frost's work at all? All very abstract expressionist. So, I started to develop some new techniques of electronically manipulating the images which really improved the quality of my photographs. As my relationship with Sofija blossomed, I invited her to my studio and she took a keen interest in my new photography techniques. She persuaded me to show her how I was manipulating my images for use in "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51".
HK: So, these new techniques you were using were personal to you. You did not develop them at or for LCCA?
FD: They had nothing to do with LCCA. They are personal to me. I stupidly should not have become romantically involved with Sofija. Business and pleasure don't mix, do they? But I was lucky that LCCA turned a blind eye to the affair.
HK: So, what happened next?
FD: Towards the end of this February, Sofija was accused by another student of copying his work. Sofija vehemently denied plagiarism. Well, LCCA had to have a full-
blown investigation and held an academic board of enquiry. Apparently at the hearing the board heard evidence from another student that Sofija had boasted to him that her plagiarism could not be proved because she had destroyed all incriminating copies. At the end of the enquiry, Sofija was found to have committed a serious act of plagiarism. She was expelled from LCCA in June this year and was not permitted to graduate. I ended the relationship with Sofija then. I was horrified at her behaviour and felt that any trust between us had gone.
HK: How did Sofija react?
FD: She was extremely angry and bitter. For the next few months I got numerous threats from her by text and over the telephone that she would get revenge on me and wreck my career. These stopped last month and I thought it was all over. I'd got behind with my photographs for "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51" and was looking forward to completing the project by the end of the year. But then I got a visit yesterday lunchtime from Davina Foskett, my book editor. She told me that around 2 months ago, Sofija had sent Art Books Publishing a series of proofs of photographs. These had gone unnoticed until one of her fellow editors got around to looking at them and the proofs were reviewed at an editorial board meeting yesterday morning.
HK: What happened?
FD: Apparently, there was a big row amongst the editorial team. The chief editor, Andy McGuire, was thinking of offering Sofija a book deal in preference to my own fourth book because Sofija's photographs are also based on the theme of Sir Terry Frost and Andy thought they offered, and here I quote Davina, "a refreshing, new approach". Davina showed me the proofs and I immediately identified them to her as copies of my own "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51" photographs. Davina has let me keep the proofs temporarily and I arranged earlier for them to be couriered to your offices, along with a set of my own "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51" images. They should be with you now.
HK: Let me put you on hold and I'll make some enquiries. [Pause in conversation of approximately 4 minutes.]
HK: Sorry for keeping you on hold. Yes, I've got the proofs and the set of your own Frost images that you included. So how do you think Sofija managed to copy your Sir Terry Frost images?
FD: I've never given her any copies of my images and I can't prove that she took them. But the images were on my laptop at my studio and Sofija would have seen me log on to it countless times. She most probably knew my password or could easily have guessed it. I'm in no doubt that she downloaded copies onto a memory stick or similar device whilst at my studio.
[At this part of the conversation HK and FD had a detailed conversation comparing his images to Sofija's. The conversation then continues.]
HK: So, I agree with you, Sofija's proofs are thinly disguised copies of your images. She appears to have simply extracted the central section of each of your "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51" photographs and expanded it to a larger size.
FD: As I've made clear, I've invested a significant amount of time and money into the production of my "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51" images. I was hoping to recover my costs from the income that would be generated from publishing them. In case you don't know, for my first 3 volumes, I earned royalties totalling around
£1,000,000 and I expected to generate at least £500,000 from "Abstract Green and Black Movement 51".
HK: Do you think Sofija will have approached other publishers?
FD: Undoubtedly. She's very ambitions and clearly wants to carry out the threats she has made to me in the past. In fact, I can recall advising her as a student to target as many publishers as possible once she had built up a sizeable portfolio of work.
[The conversation ends with Frederick being advised that the best way to secure evidence against Sofija would be to apply immediately for a search order. Frederick confirms that Sofija currently resides at a flat in Richmond, London and works from a shared studio in Balham, London.]
QUESTION 2 (Word limit: 1,800 words) Assume that it is Tuesday, 3 December 2019.
Your colleague, Hilary Kirk has recently been consulted by Carys Moss, the managing director of Welsh Hops & Malt Limited ("WHM"), a well-known Welsh beer manufacturer, following the deterioration of its business relationship with its customer, Jamaican Cave Valley Limited ("JCV").
Read the attached e-mail that you have received from Hilary Kirk.
Draft the memorandum to Hilary Kirk as requested by her.
------ Original Message ---------
From: Hilary Kirk
To: Trainee
Date: 03/12/2019 08.05:14
Subject: Welsh Hops & Malt Limited
Attachments: A_B_C_.doc
I have recently been consulted by Carys Moss, the managing director of Welsh Hops & Malt Limited ("WHM"). The company is registered in Cardiff, Wales. It is in dispute with one of its customers, Jamaican Cave Valley Limited ("JCV"), a company that is registered in Kingston, Jamaica and has no presence outside Jamaica.
WHM manufactures Truly Welsh Beer in Cardiff using hops from Caerphilly's Aber Valley, malt from Ceredigion and brews it with Welsh water. WHM is ahead of other manufacturers in that it has managed to produce the same taste in its draught beer as in its bottled beer which it exports all over the world.
On 7 December 2017, the parties entered into a contract in which it was agreed that WHM would supply JCV with a cargo of Truly Welsh Beer (see DOCUMENT A attached). This was to be carried by a refrigerated vessel because beer needs to be kept at a temperature of 0 to 7 degrees centigrade during transit to stop it deteriorating and becoming unusable. The contract for transport of the Truly Welsh Beer is set out in the 'bill of lading' (see DOCUMENT B attached). The carrier was Scenic Voyages Carriers Limited, owners of the container the Marley, in which space was booked to accommodate the crates of Truly Welsh Beer. The shipping window was a three-week period during July 2018 and the Marley sailed on 7 July 2018 from Liverpool, arriving at Kingston, Jamaica on 28 July 2018. The method of payment was stipulated to be by telegraphic transfer. The completed bill of lading was faxed by Carys Moss to JCV on 17 July 2018.
JCV's complaint is that when the cargo of Truly Welsh Beer was delivered to JCV's agent, Ice-Cool Truckers, at Kingston, Jamaica on 28 July 2018, JCV claimed that it had deteriorated and was not fit for consumption. However, despite requests from Carys Moss, JCV has not produced any evidence to support this allegation. If, which the client feels is most unlikely, JCV's allegations have any substance, then the most likely explanation is that the beer was not properly refrigerated on the Marley. The client's head of quality control, Patricia Knight, tested the beer before if left WHM's brewery and also as it was loaded at Liverpool. She has informed Carys Moss that the beer met all quality standards on both occasions.
Contractual negotiations were conducted between the parties mainly by an exchange of draft contracts by email and fax between WHM's Welsh administrative office in Swansea, Wales and JCV's agents, Kingstonian Assistance, from its offices in Kingston, Jamaica. Carys Moss has spoken to Paul Jackson, the senior sales manager who led WHM's negotiation team. He has confirmed to her that the final version of the contract (as it appears in DOCUMENT B) was drafted by WHM and acceptance of it was faxed from Kingstonian Assistance to WHM on 6 December 2017.
Amongst the client's papers there is a note of what appears to be an arbitration agreement dated 7 December 2017 (see DOCUMENT C attached). This is not, of course, contained in the contract (DOCUMENT A). You will see that it is written on
Kingstonian Assistance company note paper. Carys Moss told me that it was found by Paul Jackson in his file of material created during the negotiations with Kingstonian Assistance. To the best of Paul Jackson's recollection there was, on 6 December 2017, some last-minute telephone discussion about provision for dispute resolution. Paul recalls that, during the discussion on 6 December 2017, he suggested arbitration through the International Chamber of Commerce and that Kingstonian Assistance agreed to it in a subsequent telephone call that day. However, what turned out to be the final version of the contract (as it appears in DOCUMENT B) had already been drafted by him on 2 December 2017 and acceptance of it was faxed from Kingstonian Assistance to him on 6 December 2017 without any arbitration provision being included. He cannot recall when he received the undated Kingstonian Assistance's company note paper (DOCUMENT C).
Owing to the alleged deterioration of the beer supplied, JCV has refused to pay WHM any of the contract price. I have already sent a letter before claim on behalf of WHM to JCV demanding payment – no mention was made of ADR or arbitration in the letter on the client's express instructions (the letter is not produced for the purpose of this assessment). No response has been received and WHM wishes to commence proceedings in the Commercial Court. We will, of course, need to apply to serve these proceedings on JCV out of the jurisdiction.
I need you to carry out any necessary research and then let me have a memorandum answering the following points.
Explain how and why my witness statement in support of the client's application to serve proceedings on JCV out of the jurisdiction should address:
The claim;
The grounds for such service; and
Why England and Wales is the proper place in which to bring the claim.
Please do not formally draft any part of my witness statement. You should however give a detailed explanation of all relevant facts and cite all relevant law and/or procedure.
Explain the significance and effect, if any, of DOCUMENT
Briefly explain the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration, in particular that conducted by the International Chamber of Commerce, to resolve the dispute between WHM and
The file reference number is: jcv/197635/MLB. Many thanks,
Hilary Kirk, Partner, Collaws LLP
Direct dial: 0207 384 2947
6 Cheapway, London, E6 3UT DX 79534 CHEAPWAY
Buyer: Jamaican Cave Valley Limited
Seller: Welsh Hops & Malt Limited
Product: Truly Welsh Beer
Quantity: 40,000 crates (480,000 bottles)
Price: £7.50 per crate
Shipment: July 2018
Carrier: Scenic Voyages Carriers Limited using its vessel, the Marley
Port of Loading: Liverpool, UK
Arrival Port: Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
Payment: By telegraphic transfer to the Seller's bank (Cardiff, Wales, HSBC 40-36-90) upon receipt by the Buyer of a completed bill of lading showing the freight prepaid.
Risk and Delivery: Risk to pass from the Seller on the Product being placed on board the ship at the Port of Loading. This shall constitute delivery for the purposes of section 32 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979.
Express Terms: (i) The Seller shall transport to and arrange for loading of the Product at the Port of Loading. The Seller shall pay for the transportation of the Product to the Port of Loading and pay the loading costs. The Buyer shall pay the cost of marine freight, transport, insurance, unloading and transportation from the Arrival Port.
(ii) The Product must be kept at a temperature between 0 and 7 degrees centigrade during the voyage.
This contract shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales and all claims relating to or arising out of this contract, or the breach thereof, whether sounding in contract, tort or otherwise, shall likewise be governed by the laws of England and Wales.
Jackson Bailey for Buyer Date: 7 December 2017
Paul Jackson for Seller Date: 7 December 2017
DOCUMENT B
Bill of Lading for Port-to-Port Shipment
www.sv.com
Shipper:              Welsh Hops & Malt Limited
Consignee:            To order of Jamaican Cave Valley Limited
Notify Address:       Jamaican Cave Valley Limited
Registered Office at 43 Commission Avenue, Kingston 5, Jamaica
Vessel and Voy. No.:  M/V Marley PLE 0710
Port of Loading:      Liverpool, UK
Port of Discharge:    Kingston, JA
B/L No. 5843
Marks & Nos.:
Description of Goods: Truly Welsh Beer
Quantity: 40,000 crates
SHIPPED at port of loading in good order and condition on board the vessel for carriage to the port of discharge at a temperature between 0 and 7 degrees centigrade.
IN WITNESS whereof the Master of the vessel has signed this bill of lading. Place and date of issue: Liverpool, 7 July 2018
Freight: Prepaid
Signature: A. Murray Master, M/V Marley
DOCUMENT C
Kingstonian Assistance Ltd 14, Ocean Boulevard
Phone: 00 1 876 1 036-2011
Truly Welsh Beer
Shipment: 7th December 2017
All disputes arising out of or in connection with the contract shall be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) by one arbitrator appointed in accordance with the said Rules of Arbitration
Seat: England
Directors: N Arora B Clifford I Quddus
Your colleague, Hilary Kirk has been asked by your firm's Commercial Department to advise a new client, Florence Harvey Limited.
Read the attached e-mail from Hilary Kirk.
Prepare a draft of Hilary Kirk's letter to Ian Deval, the managing director of Florence Harvey Limited, as requested by her.
------ Original Message --------
From: Hilary Kirk To: Trainee Date: [TODAY]
Subject: Florence Harvey Limited
Attachments: A_B_C.doc
Ian Deval, the managing director of Florence Harvey Limited, has been referred to us by the Commercial Department. The firm has only recently been instructed by the company and the Commercial Department has, amongst other matters, been reviewing the company's contractual dispute resolution provision. You'll see two contractual clauses that have been flagged up in an email that I've had from Janet Hudson in the Commercial Department and which I've now forwarded on to you (see DOCUMENT A attached).
This matter has become urgent as Florence Harvey Limited are in the process of negotiating a very substantial deal with an American company that needs to be finalised in the next few weeks or it will be lost. The Commercial Department are anxious about the proposed dispute resolution clause in the draft contract prepared by the American company's attorneys (see DOCUMENT B attached). Please note that I've seen the rest of the draft contract and it is irrelevant so far as we are concerned from a dispute resolution perspective, save that it is agreed that the contract will be governed by English law.
The Commercial Department tell me that Alice Hathaway, named as the mediator and arbitrator in the American contract, is a well-known, dual-qualified mediator and arbitrator in the fashion industry in the United Kingdom. The client has no objection in principle to her appointment.
I have had a brief chat with Ian Deval on the telephone (see my attendance note attached, DOCUMENT C). By the end of the conversation we were on first name terms and correspondence can reflect this.
I need to send some detailed advice to Ian about:
the client's current contract dispute resolution clause (as set out in DOCUMENT A),
the Italian contract dispute resolution clause (also set out in DOCUMENT A), and
the proposed dispute resolution clause in the American contract (as set out in DOCUMENT B).
Please prepare a draft letter from me to Ian. The letter should briefly refer to our telecon and then it needs to cover:
whether the client's current dispute resolution clause is adequate and, if it is inadequate, a brief outline of how it should be improved;
using the research that I have asked you to undertake, the pros and cons of the Italian dispute resolution clause insofar as we are able to advise him without seeking the advice of Italian lawyers (which is the next step);
a short, simple description of how the proposed dispute resolution clause in the American contract would work in practice if a dispute arose; and
the advantages and disadvantages of the dispute resolution process prescribed by the dispute resolution clause in the American
Please have the draft letter ready for me to consider by close of business tomorrow.
Many thanks, Hilary.
6 Cheapway, London, E6 3UT
DX 79534 CHEAPWAY
------ Original Message ---------------
Date: [TODAY]
Subject: Re: Florence Harvey Limited ADR clauses
Here's the email I've had from Janet in Commercial.
I need you to consider both the client's own clause and the Italian clause.
I've seen dispute resolution clauses like the Italian one before but I've never heard of either the mediation regulations of the Fashion Mediation Association, or the Venice Chamber of Arbitration Fashion Division, so you'll need to research both of these. I expect you will find some relevant details on the Internet.
----- Forwarded Message -------------
From: Janet Hudson [Commercial Department]
To: Hilary Kirk [Dispute Resolution Department]
Subject: Florence Harvey Limited ADR clauses
Hi Hilary,
We spoke about this new client earlier. Thanks for agreeing to speak to Ian. The company has been using the following in its own contracts from its inception 3 years ago.
"The parties agree to negotiate in good faith any dispute arising under this contract."
The first contract we are handling for the client is with an Italian fashion company on its terms. Its ADR clause reads as follows:
1.1 The parties hereby agree that each and every dispute, arising in any way from this contract or related thereto, shall first be subject to an attempt at mediation, pursuant to the mediation regulations of the Fashion Mediation Association, an association with registered offices in Milan, (the most recent version available when the dispute arises), adopted and published by Fashion Mediation Association on its website. The mediation will be conducted in Italian
1.2 The parties shall undertake to participate in the above mediation Proceedings.
1.3 Should it prove impossible to attempt the mediation referred to in the previous paragraph, or in the event of failure to reach an agreement within 4 (four) months from the start of the relevant Proceedings – in the absence of a mutually approved extension – the dispute shall be submitted to a sole arbitrator, in administrative proceedings held in the Venice Chamber of Arbitration, Fashion
1.4 The arbitration Proceedings shall take place in accordance with the regulations of the aforementioned Venice Chamber of Arbitration, which shall be requested to nominate the Sole Arbitrator, upon request from the more diligent party
1.5 The arbitration shall be held in Venice and take place in Italian.
In the event of a dispute (the Dispute) arising out of or relating to this contract, the parties agree to the following:
The parties agree to use their best endeavours to resolve the Dispute by Mediation and to the appointment of Alice Hathaway as mediator (the Mediator).
The parties will attend the Mediation to be conducted by the said Alice Hathaway in London, England in English. The parties shall attend in person or be represented by [insert name(s) and address(es)]. These representatives are authorised to resolve the dispute.
The parties will provide the Mediator with mediation statements and copies of any relevant documents at least 7 days before the Mediation.
The Mediation will be carried out on a without prejudice basis and may not be used, referred to or relied upon in any other proceedings Any agreement will be recorded and signed by the parties or their representatives. By their signature to this document and their signature or that of their representatives to a mediation agreement, the parties agree to be legally bound by any agreement and to give effect to the agreed terms.
The fees and expenses of the Mediator and the Mediation as well as any other administrative expenses of the Mediation will be met equally by the Each party will bear its own cost of representation in the Mediation.
If and when the Mediator determines that no agreement can be achieved by Mediation, the resolution of the dispute, or such issues as remain unresolved by the Mediation, will revert to Arbitration conducted by the said Alice Hathaway as arbitrator (the Arbitrator). The seat of the arbitration shall be England and The Arbitration shall be governed by the Arbitration Act 1996.
By taking part in the Mediation/Arbitration the parties agree that the entire Mediation/Arbitration is and will be kept confidential; the parties, their representatives and advisers and the Mediator/Arbitrator shall keep confidential all statements and all other matters whether oral or written including any settlement agreement relating to the Mediation/Arbitration except insofar as disclosure is necessary to implement and enforce such settlement agreement.
The Mediator/Arbitrator may not act for either party individually in any capacity with regard to the subject matter of the Mediation, and the parties acknowledge that in acting under this agreement, the Mediator is not representing or giving legal advice to, nor assessing, upholding or protecting (or attempting to assess, uphold or protect) any rights of the parties.
Telephone Attendance Note
Persons attending: Ian Deval and Hilary Kirk of Collaws LLP
Date:                   [Today]
Client:                 Florence Harvey Limited
Matter:                 Dispute Resolution – Contractual Provisions
I rang to introduce myself to Ian Deval, the managing director of Florence Harvey Limited, following the referral from the Commercial Department.
Unfortunately, Ian was just off to a meeting so we only had time for a brief chat. The company manufactures and retails high quality fashion accessories. Since being incorporated 3 years ago, it has grown into a multi-million-pound enterprise. It is mainly based in the UK with some European business but it is looking to move into the American market.
Ian is aware that the majority of claims that arise in the fashion industry involve intellectual property disputes concerning trademarks, copyright, counterfeiting, trade secrets and the like. He was less clear that disputes can also involve product liability claims, data privacy claims and contractual disputes between brand owners, manufacturers, suppliers and distributors. The company has never been involved in any significant dispute and has always negotiated a settlement of any contentious issues that have arisen. Ian appreciated that the size to which the company had grown and intends to grow in the short-term meant that was likely to change.
I agreed to write to him about the dispute resolution matters that have been forwarded to me by the Commercial Department. His contact address is Florence Harvey Limited, The Fashion House, 277 London Road, Manchester M1 2AB.
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The Priory, | 21. North Bank, | Regents Park.
CD was in London from 7 to 16 November 1868 (see 'Journal' (Correspondence vol. 16, Appendix II)). The previous Sunday was 8 November.
The lines are taken from 'A poem, said to be written by Major Mordaunt during the last German war', that appeared in the 12 October 1791 issue of the Bee, or Literary Weekly Intelligencer (5: 178–9). The lines were made famous when quoted by Walter Scott in Old mortality at the beginning of chapter 13 of the second volume.
August Weismann had sent CD a copy of his inaugural lecture on the justification of Darwinian theory (Weismann 1868; see letter to August Weismann, 22 October 1868 and n. 1, and letter to Friedrich Hildebrand, 14 November ).
Lewes refers to Ernst Haeckel and Haeckel 1868c.
Has CD seen August Weismann's inaugural address [see 6297]?


A new contract will see FacePhi technology used for digital onboarding of Red Link customers in Argentina.
Red Link is an operator of ATM networks in the country, and evidently has extensive business ties: According to a statement from FacePhi, the new agreement, facilitated by regional partner Compusistem, will see FacePhi's mobile facial recognition solution offered to "banks, companies and government agencies".
News of the deal comes after FacePhi found its biggest client yet earlier this summer in the Argentinian subsidiary of ICBC, suggesting that FacePhi is intensifying its presence in the country. The deal also comes after FacePhi rebranded its flagship solution from its previous moniker, "Selphi", to its new name, "ME".
The agreement seems to reflect a growing enthusiasm for mobile and biometric technology in Latin America, with a recent GSMA report indicating that Argentina is among the region's top three countries in smartphone penetration and 4G connectivity.


text:
" Encouraging changes in government policy on education and refugees in Iraq. "
Life on the Inside
Gulaiym Ashakeeva reports from Kyrgyzstan's only prison for women, where many of the inmates are repeat offenders as they cannot adjust to life outside.
By IWPR Central Asia
Despite efforts to provide rehabilitation services, many women are ill-equipped to cope when they are released, frequently because they cannot find a way of earning a steady living. Some also have alcohol problems which helped land them in jail in the first place.
Mothers with very young children keep them until they are three, after which they must go to relatives or into state care.
Ashakeeva interviewed one such mother whose story was different from those of most of her fellow-inmates.
She was one of two women imprisoned after unrest in the southern town of Nookat in October 2008, when a demonstration against the town council's refusal to allow celebrations for the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Fitr spilled over into violence. A wave of detentions of alleged ringleaders and supporters of the Islamic group Hizb ut-Tahrir ensued, and 32 people were convicted of offences including incitement to cause mass unrest, overthrow the authorities, and create ethnic or religious strife.
They received sentences of up to 20 years in prison. The women interviewed by IWPR got 15 years, but this was later halved on appeal, and she is hoping she will be released under a general amnesty in future, as female convicts often are.
CAR Issue 89
http://tinyurl.com/y4znnp2z
Uncertainty Over Kyrgyz Halal Label

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


200-400mm of rain is still expected over the next four days for the Gold Coast and the Southeast Coast thanks to ex-Tropical Cyclone Oswald.
The latest Severe Weather Warning issued by the BOM at 11:40pm (copy at the end of the post) now includes the Southeast Coast forecast district to affect the Sunshine Coast and Brisbane with heavy rainfall on Friday - but so far the damaging winds are staying north of Sandy Cape.
However for coastal waters there is a strong wind warning current with E to NE winds at 25 to 33 knots extending southwards from Double Island Point to Point Danger during Friday. Seas to 3 metres with NW swells 1.5 to 2 metres over open waters.
So whilst the extreme weather hasn't reached us on the Gold Coast (yet), it's still going to be a wet and windy Australia Day weekend with squally rain periods and rough surf conditions on Saturday and Sunday. So it's not going to be fun or safe out on the water this long-weekend and other onshore activities are going to get dampened as well.
At this stage, official Australia Day activities are still going ahead at Evandale Parklands by Gold Coast City Council - so best to bring an umbrella and gumboots!
Looking at tomorrow's (Friday) forecast it will be cloudy with showers increasing to rain periods during the day with a maximum temperature of 25. Moderate E to NE winds will become fresh and gusty during the day and strengthening further in the evening.
Remember, if it's flooded - forget it! Pay attention to the local road conditions should any rainfall cause localised flash flooding, and make sure your children aren't playing in any stormwater or around drains.
For people in the Central Coast and Whitsundays, Capricornia, Wide Bay and Burnett and parts of the Central Highlands and Coalfields and Southeast Coast Forecast Districts.
Issued at 11:40 pm Thursday, 24 January 2013.
At 10pm, Ex-Tropical Cyclone Oswald was located over land, approximately 150 km west-northwest of Mackay and moving south-southeast at about 20 kilometres per hour. The monsoon trough extended from the Gulf of Carpentaria to Ex-Tropical Cyclone Oswald and then to the east coast near Fraser Island.
Destructive winds with gusts in excess of 125 km/hr are possible about the Central Coast-Whitsundays and Capricornia districts. Areas that may be affected include islands and coastal areas between Bowen and Agnes Water.
Damaging winds with gusts to 90 km/hr are possible over the Wide Bay and Burnett district. Areas that may be affected include islands and coastal locations between Agnes Water and Sandy Cape.
Heavy rainfall which may lead to flash flooding is likely over the Central Coast-Whitsundays, Capricornia, Wide Bay and Burnett, eastern parts of the Central Highlands and Coalfields, extending to the Sunshine Coast during Friday and possibly reaching areas north of Brisbane late in the day. Coastal locations and adjacent inland areas between Bowen and Brisbane may be affected. Six hour rainfall accumulations of 100 to 200mm are possible. Heavy rain areas are expected to begin easing from the Central Coast-Whitsundays district during Friday morning.
Flood Warnings are current for various rivers and streams in these districts, see www.bom.gov.au/qld/warnings.
The next warning is due to be issued by 5:40 am Friday.


Our grass-fed Red Ruby Sirloin of beef makes a stunning centrepiece that's so simple to cook and carve.
If you're a fan of the finely grained texture and robust flavour of a sirloin steak, you'll love this joint. A beautiful melting layer of fat combines with subtle marbling to produce meat that's flavoursome, juicy and with a real depth of flavour.
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Save the Trees on Jessore Road, the landmarks of Bangladesh's National Liberation.
At least 2300 trees will be cut down for the (proposed) expansion of the historic Jessore Road to four lanes. The Jessore Road is an integral part of the history and spirit of our liberation war and the trees that stand on the sides of the road bear the witness of the pain and suffering of the people of Bangladesh as they struggled to become a nation. The trees and the road deserve to be a national historical landmark, but instead, our government is planning to deal a death blow to this site of great beauty and heritage.
Although the Government claims that it will replace the trees, history and heritage cannot be replaced but should be protected and cherished. The same road expansion project has been done on the other side of the border (in West Bengal) without hampering the historical trees. The Bengalis on the other side of the border toiled hard, marched on the streets, hugged the trees and went to the court in order to protect what they deemed as an important witness of the history of the two Bengals. They have so far been able to stop their government from cutting the trees down. If necessary, we, the people of Bangladesh, will follow suit.
The trees and the Jessore Road contribute to our brave heritage that is like the umbilical cord of Bangladesh as a country. We will not let this inseparable part of our history be obliterated.
I am a #JessoreRoadTreehugger and I support this message.
Government of Bangladesh: Save the Trees on Jessore Road, the landmarks of Bangladesh's National Liberation.
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Report of Case
Case Report | February 2016
Abdominal Trigger Points and Psychological Function
Roy R. Reeves, DO, PhD; Mark E. Ladner, MD
From South Mississippi State Hospital in Purvis (Dr Reeves); the William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine in Hattiesburg, Mississippi (Dr Reeves); the G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi (Dr Ladner); and the University of Mississippi School of Medicine in Jackson (Dr Ladner).
*Address correspondence to Roy R. Reeves, DO, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, South Mississippi State Hospital, 823 Highway 589, Purvis, MS 39475-4194. E-mail: rreeves@smsh.state.ms.us
Neuromusculoskeletal Disorders / Pain Management/Palliative Care / Psychiatry
Reeves RR, Ladner ME. Abdominal Trigger Points and Psychological Function. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2016;116(2):114–117. doi: https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2016.025.
Myofascial trigger points (TPs) are a poorly understood phenomenon involving the myofascial system and its related neural, lymphatic, and circulatory elements. Compression or massage of a TP causes localized pain and may cause referred pain and autonomic phenomena. The authors describe a 58-year-old woman who experienced precipitation of substantial psychological symptoms directly related to her treatment for a lower abdominal TP. Her symptoms resolved after 2 weeks of receiving high-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation and soft tissue massage. Particularly in the abdomen, TPs may be associated with psychological reactions as well as physical aspects of bodily function.
Myofascial structures make up the largest organ in the body and constitute approximately half of the body's mass.1 Somatic dysfunction affecting myofascial structures may thus have a substantial impact on muscle functions and visceral hemostasis. One manifestation of somatic dysfunction is the myofascial trigger point (TP) defined by Simons et al2 as "a hyperirritable spot, usually within a taut band of skeletal muscle or in the muscle's fascia, that is painful on compression and that can give rise to characteristic referred pain, tenderness, and autonomic phenomenon." We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman who had onset of severe psychological symptoms as a direct consequence of abdominal myofascial TP management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of this type reported in the medical literature.
A 58-year-old woman seeking a second opinion presented to a general medical clinic with right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Her primary care physician had not determined a definite cause. The pain had started about 15 months previously when her annual contract as a public school teacher had not been renewed. She had difficulty finding another position and later experienced interpersonal conflict and stress in her new workplace. Then, she quit teaching altogether because of stress and because she did not get a renewal contract with her new position. During this time, the abdominal pain had been present intermittently but had become more persistent during the past few months. She described the pain as an aching sensation in her right lower abdomen that worsened with movement.
Results of urinalysis, blood chemistry analysis, liver function test, and complete blood cell count were normal, as were levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, vitamin B12, and folate. Results of a computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and pelvis were unremarkable.
The patient's medical history was unremarkable except for complaints of recurrent nonspecific pain in various parts of her body. She had never been hospitalized, undergone surgery, had substantial injury or concussion, or misused alcohol or drugs. She was not taking any prescription medications. The patient had been evaluated by a psychiatrist, who told her that she may have depression and a personality disorder. Treatment with sertraline was recommended, but the patient declined.
On presentation to the clinic, the patient was somewhat talkative and anxious. Physical examination revealed right lower abdominal discomfort on palpation (rated as 6 on a pain scale of 1 to 10, with 10 indicating the worst pain ever experienced) without guarding. Paravertebral muscle tension and somatic dysfunctions of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar region were present. Also detected was a distinct TP consisting of a palpable exquisitely tender nodule (rated as 9 on a scale of 1 to 10 when pressure was applied) about 1 cm in diameter within taut fibers of the right external oblique muscle in the area between the anterior superior iliac spine and McBurney point. Pressure on this TP caused radiation of pain to the epigastric area and, to a lesser degree, to her back. A smaller, less tender TP was present at the left anterior pectoral muscle.
High-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation and soft tissue massage were used to manage the thoracolumbar somatic dysfunctions. The TPs were managed by applying gentle digital pressure as recommended by Simons et al.2 When pressure was applied to the abdominal TP, in addition to local pain and referred pain in the epigastrium, the patient often had concurrent emotional symptoms, including spontaneous crying and feelings of distress. She had intrusive memories of the stressful events leading to her loss of employment and reexperienced the same emotions she had felt during those stressful times. The phenomenon was reproducible with reapplication of pressure to the TP. The patient experienced no emotional distress with pressure to the TP in the pectoral region.
Over the next 2 weeks, the patient was treated 3 times per week, and both the abdominal TPs and emotional distress brought on by application of pressure to the abdominal area resolved. She was referred to a psychotherapy program in which she actively participated. She continued to refuse any psychotropic medications. In the subsequent year, she did not have recurrence of the abdominal pain.
There is no universally accepted explanation of the causes and symptoms of TPs.3 Trigger points are more likely to be present in patients with perpetuating factors, particularly postural and other mechanical disorders, including somatic dysfunction.4 Other factors that may contribute to their occurrence include anemia, endocrine dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, chronic infections, and psychological stressors.2 Kuchera5 indicated that TPs may be "a particular subset of somatic dysfunction" and that they "represent impaired or altered function of the myofascial system and its related neural, lymphatic, and circulatory elements." Thus, they are more than a localized area of tenderness; they may represent spinal or central nervous system dysfunction. Trigger points are part of the whole person's overall function and therefore are related to the neural, lymphatic, and circulatory elements of the body. For example, an identified TP may disappear when osteopathic manipulative treatment techniques are applied to a vertebral dysfunction in a dermatomal relationship to the TP. Managing a TP can sometimes result in resolution of the corresponding vertebral somatic dysfunction.6 Acupuncture applied to TPs may also affect emotional states, although the mechanism by which this could occur has been largely unexplored.7
The pathophysiology of TPs is poorly understood. Hubbard and Berkoff8 used electromyography to simultaneously record trapezius TPs with adjacent nontender fibers of the same muscle in healthy participants and in 2 patient groups—1 group with tension headaches and 1 group with fibromyalgia. They found spontaneous and sustained electromyographic activity and spike discharge in the 1- to 2-mm nidus of all TPs but no such activity in non-TP areas.8 The researchers postulated that the TP activity was generated by efferent sympathetically induced hyperactivity of the muscle spindle.8 Hocking3 proposed that TPs may be produced by central nervous system–maintained global changes in α motor neuron functioning. Electromyographic activity in TPs (but not adjacent nontender muscle) has been shown to increase during mental activity (mental arithmetic).9
Gastrointestinal complaints are among the most common psychosomatic symptoms encountered by physicians. Anxiety and depression are common in patients with abdominal pain of unknown origin.10 In some cases, chronic pelvic pain may indicate the presence of psychological disturbances or problems, and somatization may be a factor in the production of these symptoms.11 Somatization is thought to be related to an inability of brain receptors to screen or inhibit bodily sensation and to sensitize pain receptors. Somatosensory amplification is theorized to serve a critical role in somatization. Neural correlates of cognitive-affective amplifiers have been postulated to be integrated into a neurocircuit for somatosensory amplification with some of the anatomical components, including the anterior cingulate gyrus, insula, amygdala, hippocampal formation, and striatum.12-14 Somatosensory amplification is closely related to depression, anxiety, and hostility.15,16
The patient described in the current case report meets criteria for a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder (previously known as hypochondriasis). This disorder is characterized by 6 months or more of a general and nondelusional preoccupation with having a serious disease, owing to misinterpretation of bodily symptoms. Cognitive features include attention focused on somatic symptoms and attribution of normal bodily sensations to physical illness. Because of the strong focus on somatic concerns, the disorder is most often encountered in medical settings, and physicians need to be aware of a possible psychological component to somatic complaints.17
We postulate that somatosensory amplification or a related phenomenon may have occurred with the present patient, which resulted in the production of TPs and her unusual presentation and behavior. Our findings suggest a possible relationship between abdominal TPs and certain aspects of psychological and neurophysiological functioning in some cases.
The presence of abdominal TPs may indicate that the patient has an underlying psychological issue. We propose that TPs may reflect not only pathologic aspects of the myofascial system and its physical elements, but also psychological and neurophysiological components for some patients. Treatment in a holistic manner may require assessing and addressing psychological issues in certain patients with TPs, specifically those with abdominal TPs. Further research in this area is needed, particularly exploration of therapeutic opportunities to modify neurocircuit activity through medication, psychotherapy, and osteopathic manipulative treatment techniques.
Kuchera ML, McPartland JM. Myofascial trigger points: an introduction. In: Ward RC, executive ed. Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1997:915-918.
Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell and Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual: Volume 1. Upper Half of the Body. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1999:3.
Hocking MJ. Exploring the central modulation hypothesis: do ancient memory mechanisms underlie the pathophysiology of trigger points? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17:347. doi:10.1007/s11916-013-0347-6. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Kuchera ML. Gravitational stress, musculoligamentous strain and postural alignment. In: Dorman T, ed. Spine: State of the Art Reviews. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus; 1995:463-490.
Kuchera M. Travell and Simons' myofascial trigger points. In: Ward RC, ed. Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1997:919-933.
Greenman PE. Principles of Manual Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003:97.
Cheng KJ. Neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture for some common illnesses: a clinician's perspective [published online August 17, 2013]. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2014;7(3):105-114. doi:10.1016/j.jams.2013.07.008. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Hubbard DR, Berkoff GM. Myofascial trigger points show spontaneous needle EMG activity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18(13):1803-1807. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
McNulty WH, Gevirtz RN, Hubbard DR, Berkoff GM. Needle electromyographic evaluation of trigger point response to a psychological stressor. Psychophysiology. 1994;31(3):313-316. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Heger S. Abdominal pain syndrome as the chief complaint of an anxiety and depressive disorder: successful treatment with inpatient psychotherapy [in German]. Psychiatr Prax. 2001;28(1):45-47. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Dellenbach P, Haeringer MT. Chronic pelvic pain: expression of a psychological problem [in French]. Presse Med. 1996;25(13):615-620. [PubMed]
Perez DL, Barsky AJ, Vago DR, Baslet G, Silbersweig DA. A neural circuit network for somatosensory amplification in somatoform disorders [published online November 10, 2014]. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015;27(1):e40-e50. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13070170. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Rief W, Barsky AJ. Psychobiological perspectives on somatoform disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005;30(10):996-1002. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nakao M, Barsky AJ. Clinical application of somatosensory amplification in psychosomatic medicine. Biopsychosoc Med. 2007;1:17 doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-17. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Barasky AJ, Goodson JD, Lane RS, Cleary PD. The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosom Med. 1988;50(5):510-519. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Duddu V, Issac MK, Chaturvedi SK. Somatization, somatosensory amplification, attribution styles and illness behaviour: a review. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2006;18(1):25-33. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013:309-315.


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Home Politics Ontario gaming agency will expand online and mobile betting
Ontario gaming agency will expand online and mobile betting
TORONTO — Think you know when U.S. President Donald Trump will be impeached? How about who the next James Bond will be? Or perhaps you have an inside track on the name of the next royal baby?
Ontario's gambling agency could soon allow online novelty bets to be placed on those scenarios.
The Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation said this week it is searching for a company to help expand its online and mobile sports betting capacity. But the request for proposals also opens the door for other, more off-beat types of gambling, like novelty betting and gambling on eSports — video game competitions.
OLG spokesman Tony Bitonti said its too early to say what the final product will look like but noted that a number of other jurisdictions allow customers to make eSports and novelty bets.
"In the last few years, (eSports) and betting on it, has surged in popularity," Bitonti said in a statement. "There are hundreds of eSport tournaments events held each year, many in Ontario."
"Novelty betting is placing a bet on an outcome that's not part of a sports or athletic event. For example, the winner of an election or the gender of a baby about to be born to royalty," he added.
The expansion, which is largely focused on sports betting, will also allow people to place live bets during games, something currently unavailable through OLG.
"OLG sports offering will include new products that will provide more betting options on a wider variety of events, including all major North American sports leagues and major international sports," Bitonti said, noting that the online expansion coincides with OLG's plan to replace and update retail lottery terminals across the province.
"The new terminals will allow OLG to considerably improve the range of product offerings through its retail channel, including a substantially improved sports betting product."
OLG could not say how much the online expansion will cost because the procurement process has just begun. The agency also could not say when it will launch but expects to select a company for the project by fall 2018.
The expansion would see Ontario join four other Canadian jurisdictions which currently have online sports, eSports and novelty betting — Atlantic Canada, British Columbia, Quebec and Manitoba.
In British Columbia and Manitoba, players can choose from dozens of novelty bets at those province's online portals. The subjects range from predicting a reason for a possible Trump impeachment to how much the upcoming Star Wars film will gross at the box office.
In Atlantic Canada, the Atlantic Lottery Corporation has introduced an app for mobile devices that allows users to access their games and receive custom alerts.
Ontario Finance Minister Charles Sousa said the government supports OLG's online expansion but added that it must continue to prioritize responsible gaming, he said.
"We've been looking at the modernization strategy," he said. "We're looking at expanding and protecting consumer activity … The situation is that a lot of online (gambling) activity occurs that is unregulated and many people are exposed, especially young kids."
"In my capacity I have a duty of social responsibility here," he said. "I also have to ensure that we re-invest in things that will help people with addiction."
Shawn Jeffords, The Canadian Press
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Spain - Wage structure in 2014 - June 30, 2016
Spain - Wage structure in 2014 - June 30, 2016 https://wageindicator.org/labour-laws/collective-bargaining/2016/spain-wage-structure-in-2014-june-30-2016 https://wageindicator.org/@@site-logo/wageindicator.png
The statistical office INE published final data on the country's wage structure over the whole year 2014. The average gross wage in 2014 slightly increased with 0.7% to 22,858 euro. The data reveal large differences in the average annual wage of workers per occupation and sector, type of contract, regions and nationality. The poorest paid jobs can be found in hospitality, administrative work and cultural activities, the best paid jobs are in financial services and energy. Jobs in the property sector recovered most in 2014 in pay terms.
The data (Spanish): http://www.ine.es/en/prensa …
For more information, please contact the editor Jan Cremers, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies (AIAS) cbn-aias@uva.nl or the communications officer at the ETUI, Willy De Backer wdebacker@etui.org. For previous issues of the Collective bargaining newsletter please visit http://www.etui.org/E-Newsletters/Collective-bargaining-newsletter. Since June 2013 readers can consult our archive and search through all articles in our database at www.cbnarchive.eu. You may find further information on the ETUI at www.etui.org, and on the AIAS at www.uva-aias.net.
© ETUI aisbl, Brussels 2016. All rights reserved. We encourage the distribution of this newsletter and of the information it contains, for non-commercial purposes and provided the source is credited. The ETUI is not responsible for the content of external internet sites. The ETUI is financially supported by the European Union. The European Union is not responsible for any use made of the information contained in this publication.
This email is sent from www.etui.org.
Cite this page: © WageIndicator 2020 - WageIndicator.org - Spain - Wage structure in 2014 - June 30, 2016


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Garth Brooks Permanently Removes Himself From CMA Entertainer of the Year Contention
Garth Brooks is permanently removing himself from the running for CMA Entertainer of the Year. The country icon announced the news on Wednesday morning (July 29), during a press conference.
To media and fans, who were watching live on Brooks' Facebook page, the singer explained that he began discussing the possibility of officially pulling himself out of the running for Entertainer of the Year with the Country Music Association soon after the 2019 CMA Awards. Brooks won the award that night over, among others, Carrie Underwood and Eric Church, each considered favorites for the honor, prompting Church to make an onstage dig at Brooks during a concert.
"You pretty much saw what happened after the CMAs, all the way through the new year. It got a little — it wasn't fun, let's put it that way," Brooks admitted. "But there was one tweet that really stuck in my head," he adds, explaining that the message asked Brooks to step down from contention for the honor in the future.
The tweet stuck with Brooks, who "100 percent agreed" with the idea. "The last thing I want to do is seem ungrateful," he notes, but "it's time for somebody else to hold that award ... 'cause they're all out there busting their butts."
Throughout his career, Brooks has won CMA Entertainer of the Year seven times: in 1991, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2016, 2017 and 2019. The singer considers seven his lucky number.
Brooks had hoped to share this decision during CMA Fest, if not earlier, but due to the novel coronavirus pandemic, he used the press conference to make the announcement ahead of the announcement of 2020 CMA Awards nominations. He clarifies, however, that he still would like to be considered for all other CMA Awards, and all ACM categories, including Entertainer of the Year.
"I'm extremely competitive," the artist admits, saying that those wins "mean the world to me ... It's just, with Entertainer, we've been lucky enough to carry that home a number of times, and feel like it's somebody else's turn."
In a statement to the Tennessean, the CMA explains that voting rules do not allow artists to officially withdraw from award consideration: "If voters have nominated Garth Brooks in the first round, his name will appear on the second ballot. It will then be up to voters in this second round to select their top finalists."
Brooks had a stadium tour planned for 2020, and was hoping to do more small-venue, "dive bar"-style shows, but those plans have been put on hold due to the novel coronavirus pandemic. The country superstar has, however, continued his weekly Inside Studio G Facebook livestream events, and he's also put on two livestream concerts, as well as a drive-in show.
Brooks recently released a brand-new song, "We Belong to Each Other." His long-promised next album, Fun, is done, the singer says, but he's not particularly eager to release it while fans are quarantined due to COVID-19.
"I don't want to be the guy that tries to do something in the midst where everybody is hurting," Brooks says. "The album's ready to go. It's just, how do you get out and promote and be happy and jolly while everybody's out there fighting for their lives not only physically, but fighting for their lives financially?"
The Story of Garth Brooks' New Song:
Source: Garth Brooks Permanently Removes Himself From CMA Entertainer of the Year Contention
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How are laws passed in ancient Athens?
How were laws enforced in Athens?
How are laws passed in Greece?
How Athenians structured their laws?
How were laws enforced in ancient Greece?
What were laws in ancient Greece?
Who carried out justice in Athens?
What is ancient Athens known for?
Did ancient Athens have police?
Who can vote about laws in Athens?
What is the Athenian law in A Midsummer Night's Dream?
How was a trial in ancient Athens different from one today?
How did the Athenian justice system work?
Who rules ancient Greece?
What was the law of Athens in which the story is based?
How did Greek law influence Canadian law?
Decrees were passed by a vote of the Assembly, of the Council, or both. Laws came into being by a more complicated process. Laws took precedence over Decrees. … Laws were passed through a process called nomothesia (νομοθεσία) or "legislation." Each year the Assembly met to discuss the current body of laws.
Draco and Solon
In 620 B.C.E., Draco, the first creator of laws in Ancient Athens, replaced these family feuds with a written code that was designed to be enforced by a court of law. The first law that Draco wrote established that the penalty for murder was exile out of the country.
The Parliament votes for a Bill (Nomosxedio) to become a Law (Nomos) in three voting sessions: firstly in principle, then per article and then as a whole. Once the bill is passed, it is sent to the President of the Democracy to promulgate and publish it in the National Gazette (Efimerida tis Kyberniseos).
IT\'S FUNNING: You asked: What goods did Athens have to trade?
The laws were inscribed on large stone blocks erected in various public areas of Athens. … There was no system of precedent through case-law since there were no Athenian law reports. Verdicts were not regularly recorded and in any case the jury did not reveal the reasons for its decision.
Athenian law was divided into public and private actions. Public actions involved the community as a whole, whereas private actions concerned individuals. There was no public prosecutor. Though in practice many cases would have been that "anyone who wishes" was free to initiate prosecution in a public action or graphe.
Ancient Greek law consists of the laws and legal institutions of Ancient Greece. … The general unity of Greek law shows mainly in the laws of inheritance and adoption, in laws of commerce and contract, and in the publicity uniformly given to legal agreements.
At the present stage of research, the only judicial system sufficiently known to warrant description is that of 4th-century Athens. In the democratic period its justice was administered by magistrates, popular courts (dikastēria), and the Areopagus.
Athens was the largest and most influential of the Greek city-states. It had many fine buildings and was named after Athena, the goddess of wisdom and warfare. The Athenians invented democracy, a new type of government where every citizen could vote on important issues, such as whether or not to declare war.
IT\'S FUNNING: Quick Answer: What is the Weather like in Albania in April?
The Scythian archers were a hypothesized police force of 5th- and early 4th-century BC Athens that is recorded in some Greek artworks and literature. … They acted for a group of eleven elected Athenian magistrates "who were responsible for arrests and executions and for some aspects of public order" in the city.
Only adult male Athenian citizens who had completed their military training as ephebes had the right to vote in Athens. The percentage of the population that actually participated in the government was 10% to 20% of the total number of inhabitants, but this varied from the fifth to the fourth century BC.
There was a law in the city of Athens which gave to its citizens the power of compelling their daughters to marry whomsoever they pleased; for upon a daughter's refusing to marry the man her father had chosen to be her husband, the father was empowered by this law to cause her to be put to death; but as fathers do not …
Unlike a modern trial, in which evidence is presented in a highly fragmented form and later synthesized into a coherent case by the attorneys' summation, Athenian litigants provided a largely uninterrupted narrative of their case punctuated with the reading of evidence; in an Athenian court the evidence did not make …
The Athenian law court was large and decisions were made by majority. The courts could also exile those from society who were gaining too much power and could become tyrants. The laws of Athens also changed as the courts changed to work better with society.
IT\'S FUNNING: How close is Greek Orthodox different from Catholic?
From about 2000 B.C.E. to 800 B.C.E., most Greek city-states were ruled by monarchs—usually kings (the Greeks did not allow women to have power). At first, the Greek kings were chosen by the people of the city-state. When a king died, another leader was selected to take his place.
Duke Theseus is the law in Athens. … Egeus says to Theseus, he has the right under Athenian Law to decide Hermia's fate. 'I beg the ancient privilege of Athens / As she is mine, I may dispose of her. ' Egeus wants Hermia to marry Demetrius, but she loves Lysander.
During the Ancient Greek Law, only certain people were allowed to vote and represent themselves in court which is similar to how the Canadian Legal System was first set up. … Greek Laws have introduced many different types of laws into our country, becoming a major influence on the Canadian Legal system today.


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हिन्दी साहित्य
More Language And Literature (5981)
Books > Language and Literature > Samskara (A Rite for a Dead Man)
Samskara (A Rite for a Dead Man)
by U.R. Ananthamurthy
A classic of modern Indian literature, Samskara is both a novel about ritual and religion and a contemporary reworking of ancient Brahmanical themes and myths. Probing multiple meanings of 'Samskara' rite of passage, ritual, preparation, transformation, as well as death rites this is an engrossing tale of a man whose personal transformation comes not through his learning and practice but through grace. With an essay by Susheela Punitha based on interviews with the author, this Oxford India Perennials edition bears testimony to Samskara's enduring significance since its original publication in 1965 and translation in 1976.
U.R. Ananthamurthy (b.1932), novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, and literary critic, is one of India's most celebrated modern writers. Recipient of the country's highest literary award, the Jnanpith, in 1995, his writing is characterized by egalitarian themes. He is one of the most important representatives of the 'Navya' movement in Kannada literature. A distinguished scholar, he has taught and lectured at many universities in India and abroad, and is currently the chairman of the Film and Television Institute of India.
1 Translator's Note ix
2 The novel Samskara 1-117
3 Afterword 119
4 Notes 126
5 In Conversation with U.R. Ananthamurthy 135
NAF924
Oxford University Press, New Delhi
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Stories of Vikramaditya Simhasana Dwatrimsika
by V.A.K. Aiyer
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan


The FACS Booster Club is holding a fundraising event to kick off Catholic Schools Week! Both parishes directly fund the athletic program, so we want to spread the positive spirit of our community! Funds raised directly support the expense of new uniforms and athletic equipment for all sports activities.
Preschool through Grade 8 will be showing off their STREAM (science, technology, religion, engineering, arts and math) learning projects. Bring the whole family to learn, play and celebrate together!
GRACE Registration for 2018-19 opens January 28th!


at the site for all IT related issues if no other IT support team unavailable like for MI calls.
Strong experience working on custom end-to-end SFDC and CRM projects. Tackle inconsistencies in data quality and create processes to overcome system deficiencies. Experience in Remedy force will be added... 3,00,000 - 3,50,000 P.A.
Responsive and Retina ready front end code. Job Description 4,00,000 - 6,00,000 P.A.


On 31 July 2014, STAR closed the STAR Finance Partnership LP, a specialist alternative investment fund focused on asset-backed financing for SMEs, via the STAR Asset Finance umbrella.
The fund's strategy is to consolidate a number of independent asset finance brokers across the UK and provide them with the capital to grow the leasing volumes on their own balance sheet. The target is to create a significant alternative source of finance for SMEs, the engine room of the UK economy. The strategy represents a natural extension to STAR's long-standing track record of investing in and arranging financing for asset-based businesses.
Since inception, STAR Asset Finance has acquired four successful and well established specialist asset finance companies: Kennet Equipment Leasing Limited, Ignition Credit PLC, First Capital Finance and Credo Holdings Limited. The group has arranged a large and committed credit facility to support the growth of the business.


Rachel is an endorsed Sport and Exercise Psychologist and Director of Lift High Performance Consultants. She is passionate about helping people of all ages and performance levels reach their performance potential in sport, exercise, medicine, performing arts, academia, business and everyday life.
Rachel has a background in sport and exercise science, and has held roles in strength and conditioning, athlete welfare, tactical training and sports rehabilitation assessment and management, giving her an additional perspective to bring to her psychology work and a special interest in injury rehabilitation and pain management. Rachel has also completed Clinical Cognitive Neuropractitioner training and is a Certified PR-6 Brain-Based Resilience Coach.
She has experience working with elite athletes from Australian teams and organisations including Super Rugby, NRL, Wallabies, Queensland Jockeys' Association, Racing Queensland, Goalball Queensland, Sporting Wheelies, Professional Golfers' Association of Australia, Australian Institute of Sport, Queensland Academy of Sport and more. She is currently the lead Sport Psychologist for the Australian Paracanoe Team, the Australian Women's Gymnastics Team, Cycling Queensland, Brisbane Roar W-League Football Queensland (women's program) and Hockey Queensland (women's program). She is also a part of the National Sport Psychology Provider Network for Athletics Australia, Table Tennis Australia, and the AFL Players' Association.
Rachel specialises in working with multidisciplinary teams to get the best performance and health and wellbeing outcomes for performers. She also has experience managing critical incidents in sport and has a special interest in mental toughness, coach development, athlete and performer welfare, mental health, injury rehabilitation, athlete career transitions and helping athletes reach the elite level in their sport. Rachel is also a regular contributor to a number of sporting magazines and provides expert commentary on sport psychology topics on radio and various online platforms.
Kurt is a performance psychologist based in South East Queensland. He completed the Master of Applied Psychology, specialising in Sport and Exercise at The University of Queensland. He is a member of the Australian Psychological Society and the College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists.
Kurt has a passion for supporting individuals and teams to reach their peak performance in a variety of settings, including sport, business and everyday life. He applies evidence based techniques that comply with the latest neuroscientific insights to bring about long term changes through a deep understanding of the brain and behaviour.
Alongside his role at Lift High Performance, Kurt works in the field of pain management and has publications in the field of neuroscience related to pain and empathy for pain. His research interests extend to the psychological management of injuries in elite athletes. Kurt has experience working with a range of sports, including tennis, AFL, volleyball and softball. He works with a wide scope of age groups, including youth athletes. Kurt has a special interest in injury and pain management, thriving in pressure situations, depression, anxiety and building team culture and cohesion to optimise the success of individuals, teams and organisations.
Giummarra, M. J., Tracy, L. M., Young, K. A., & Fitzgibbon, B. M. (2017). The social side of pain: What does it mean to feel another's pain? In S. van Rysewk (Ed.), Meanings of pain (pp. 355-373). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature.


Michael Connelly is one of a select few authors that I will grab off the shelf without even reading the blurb on the back. He's never let me down. Oh sure, I like some books better than others - but I have yet to come across a truly bad one. And Chasing the Dime is no exception. (Thank goodness!) If you are a Connelly fan you will immediately recognize his easy to read, well put together writing style. There's no one left hanging upside down, on a cliff, holding onto a daisy in his novels. All the characters are defined, three dimensional and connected -- not only to the story, but easily connect to the listener. This is a good book, only made better by the profession narration of Johnathan Davis. Davis skillfully maneuvers within this psychological thriller - using depth, tone, and character defining range to treat the listener to easily recognizable characters, with emotions so real you feel you could reach out and touch 'em. Excellent narration...adds a whole new level of enjoyment to Chasing the Dime. If you're searching for a new book - you can put on your headphones, settle in to a comfy chair and enjoy the twists, turns and surprises that await you in Michael Connelly's Chasing the Dime.
**There's been criticism of the nerdy, scientist turned arm chair detective - why get involved? why didn't he just change his phone number and mind his own business? Well, curiosity gets the better of us sometimes...even the highly educated can fall victim to the desire to "know." Plus, he's lived a pretty straight laced, nerdy, and what most would call "boring" life... Now, he's given the opportunity to be be around "women of the night" and possibly be a hero. He doesn't intend to get so wrapped up in the darkier, seedier side of life - he only wanted to dip his toe into the deep end of that side of the pool. Thank goodness he gets sucked in - the result... a full length novel that keeps you right in the middle all the way through. The story is believeable, entertaining, interesting, and just down right fun. Every thriller doesn't have to be about homeland security, terrorism, nuclear or biological attacks...Sometimes it's nice to go in a different direction and suspend for a few hours whatever cut and dry box you confine thriller novels to and let one roam free.
Listen to Chasing the Dime - judge for yourself.


text:
You are here : Home » Family Fun » GAA Museum Croke Park Family Fun
A heart-warming day out with the family
The GAA is at the heart of every community in Ireland and it's true to say that it represents our way of life as much as our love of sport. It's completely embedded in our DNA – it's what we love and it's what we do. So if you're looking for a memorable day out with the family, why not head to Croke Park and have fun exploring the GAA's heart and home?
There's so much to see and do here and the Tour Guides really are the best in the world – full of passion, charisma and memorable stories. Everyone who visits comments on just how good they are. The bonus effect of this is that the kids will leave understanding more about who we are as a people – without feeling like they've had any lessons!
Walk in the footsteps of legends
on this access-all-areas guided tour
First up, there's the Croke Park Stadium Tour, your backstage pass to all the behind-the-scenes action and secrets. Did you know that Croke Park is actually the third largest stadium in Europe? Its size is only part of its greatness, however, as you'll discover on this eye-opening guided tour. From quirky insights into why Croke Park's grass is always greener to learning about defining moments in Irish history, you're sure to feel inspired. You'll each have your own best bits, but some of the highlights include taking a seat in the VIP area, getting a birds-eye view from the media centre, sneaking a peek inside the dressing room, and of course, walking in the footsteps of legends as you go pitchside through the players' tunnel!
€38 per family*
contact GAA
*Based on 2 adults and 2 children
Discover Dublin's famous landmarks from
17 storeys high on Croke Park's rooftop
Depending on the age of your kids (they need to be at least 1.2 metres tall), you could finish the day on a 17-storey high with the thrilling rooftop walkway that is Croke Park's Ericcson Skyline Tour. This is actually Dublin's highest open-viewing platform and offers breathtaking views of our vibrant capital from the mountains to the sea. The Tour Guides will highlight the city's main landmarks for you, while giving you insights into its heartfelt history, including some very amusing tall tales! Then of course there's the sporting highlight – the incredible view from the platform that's suspended over the pitch itself!
Discover the rich heritage of Ireland's
national games at the GAA Museum
The museum's interactive collections vividly illustrate the story of Gaelic games from ancient times to present day.
The most spine-tingling part of your day will be your visit to the GAA Museum. This really is the heart and soul of the whole experience, taking you through the completely unique story of Gaelic games from ancient times to present day. Featured exhibitions include the original Sam Maguire and Liam MacCarthy Cups, the rousing Hall of Fame, and a whole floor dedicated to the games as they are today. There's even a Junior Explorer's route, which highlights some of the most fascinating and famous exhibitions for younger visitors. When you're done exploring, get a taste of the action in the extremely popular Interactive Games Zone, where you can put your own hurling and football skills to the test!
Maybe you'll want to pack all three attractions into one day, or maybe you'd prefer to cherry pick the bits that appeal to you most. Either way, if you make the trip to Croke Park, you're guaranteed an experience that's so full of heart, you'll leave a little bit of your own behind. Have fun!
crokepark.ie


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Headspun Review
Kim Snaith
I don't know about you, but I've often wondered about how, exactly, my own brain works.
Where exactly do certain thoughts come from? And why can you remember some things better than others? It's something that Headspun, a new game from Superstring and Wales Interactive, wants you to think about. You see, your protagonist Ted isn't an ordinary person: he's an employee of Cortex. And Cortex isn't an ordinary workplace; it's the brain of Theo Kavinsky – a twenty-something man who's just woken up from a coma.
After being in a traffic accident, Theo's been asleep for five weeks, and as such, his brain isn't in the best condition. This is represented by Cortex being in an absolute state of disarrary; corridors are blocked, rooms are on fire, and many of Ted's co-workers are dead. It's a poor state of affairs.
Throughout the course of the game, Ted – and his more lively colleague Teddy – must help Theo through his rehabilitation by fixing up key parts of Cortex. It's not just a case of getting Theo back on his feet though; they also need to help him work out exactly what happened the night of the accident. Theo has lost his memory – and as a result, Ted and Teddy have too – and so part of Cortex's recovery means getting the Memory Bank back up and running, and filling in the missing gaps.
What's most interesting about Headspun is how it's delivered. Cortex is beautifully animated with a hand-drawn cartoon style. You take control of Ted, exploring the corridors and various rooms in a 2D sidescrolling fashion. But Theo – well, Theo is a real person. And Ted and Teddy can view what Theo sees in the form of various first-person FMV scenes. These real-life video scenes play out while Ted and Teddy are in the 'control room'; they can see what Theo sees and, as the overseers of his brain, can control what he does or says.
These FMV cutscenes are drip-fed to you throughout the game, slowly unravelling more about Theo, about the accident, and about his life leading up to this point. It becomes quickly apparent that Ted and Teddy have very differing opinions about how Theo's life should be. Ted represents the pragmatic, success-oriented side of Theo's brain; Teddy is more concerned with creativity. Unfortunately, Ted's opinion carries the most weight in Cortex, which means Theo's dreams of creating comic books have been pushed aside for a soul-crushing corporate job.
Getting Cortex back up and running plays out a little like a basic management sim. Through Theo's viewpoint FMV, you'll carry out certain minigames – basic crossword puzzles, 'reading', solving number puzzles, or simply resting – each earning you a certain amount of points. Those points can be used to unlock the ability to fix up rooms, which you'll need to hire and assign staff to do. As more rooms become functional, you'll also progress the story, learning more about the day of Theo's accident.
Although rather brief, Headspun's narrative is enough to captivate. Its acting is hardly cutting-edge, and for some reason one of the actors' dialogue audio sounds overblown compared to the rest, but you'll want to keep watching. While you may never quite learn enough about Theo to truly care about him, you'll likely be interested enough to keep playing. As you're drip-fed new information, it really does make you think about the power of the brain and the struggle that many of us have faced in life: having to spend our time in a job that pays the bills rather than chasing the creative endeavours that make you happy.
That's perhaps the most powerful thing about Headspun; it has an extremely human perspective despite its often silly, cartoonish art style. It deals with real matters in human life; problems many of us have faced regularly, and puts a humorous face to them. Every single one of us has a Ted and Teddy inside our heads: one thought process that's concerned with serious matters, and another concerned with frivolity and creativity. Which one wins out depends on the person, but Headspun does a fine job of arguing a case for both.
It's a shame, then, that Headspun is let down by a number of unfortunate bugs. Gladly, some of the issues have already been patched out, but some ugly technical issues still persist. Options become inexplicably unselectable, for instance, and two-choice menus have a forever-cycling marker so you have no discernable way to know which one is selected and which one isn't. Subtitles contain numerous errors, and often pressing a button to skip through dialogue will also interact with whatever game element is below the text box, putting you in a frustrating loop. Headspun needed much more time in QA before it was released. There's still hope for the issues to be patched out, and I hope they do, but it's unfortunate for people who've jumped into the game straight away.
Thankfully, Headspun is still playable for the most part – the bugs just take away from some of the enjoyment. Cortex is fun to explore, and seeing the place come back to life provides a rewarding sense of progress. The FMV cutscenes, too, while rough around the edges, are engaging, and you'll be keen to see where the narrative takes you. With its unique ideas and presentation, Headspun stands out for trying to be different, and for that it should be celebrated. It's just disappointing that it wasn't given that last coat of much-needed polish.
Headspun is available on PC, PS4, Xbox One and Switch. We reviewed the Xbox One version.
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text:
package metricdata

import (
	"time"
)

// Exemplar is an example data point associated with each bucket of a
// distribution type aggregation.
//
// Their purpose is to provide an example of the kind of thing
// (request, RPC, trace span, etc.) that resulted in that measurement.
type Exemplar struct {
	Value       float64     // the value that was recorded
	Timestamp   time.Time   // the time the value was recorded
	Attachments Attachments // attachments (if any)
}

// Attachments is a map of extra values associated with a recorded data point.
type Attachments map[string]interface{}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Anjith George

About

Research

Curriculum Vitae

Contact

Demos

				Curriculum Vitae :

Download CV

Updated on 30-Oct-2015

  Web Version (Short) :

Education

 Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (2012 - Current)

 PhD (Pursuing) in Electrical Engineering

 Computer Vision

 Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (2010 - 2012)

 M. Tech (Instrumentation)in Electrical Engineering

 CGPA : 9.17 /10

 Calicut University, Kerala (2006 - 2010)

 B. Tech (Hons. ) in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Publications

 A Score-level Fusion Method for Eye Movement Biometrics

             A. George, A. Routray

               Pattern Recognition Letters (accepted)

 A Vision Based System for Monitoring the Loss of Attention in Automotive Drivers

		        		A. Dasgupta , A. George, SL. Happy, A. Routray

		        		 Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on

 An on-board vision based system for drowsiness detection in automotive drivers

				        A. Dasgupta , A. George, SL. Happy, A. Routray

				         International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics

 A real time facial expression classification system using Local Binary Patterns

				        SL. Happy, A. George, A. Routray

				         Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (IHCI), 2012 4th International Conference on

 A video database of human faces under near Infra-Red illumination for human computer interaction applications

				        SL. Happy, A. Dasgupta, A. George, A. Routray

				         Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (IHCI), 2012 4th International Conference on

 A Drowsiness Detection Scheme Based on Fusion of Voice and Vision Cues

				         A. Dasgupta, B. Kabi, A. George, SL. Happy, A. Routray

				         arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.04887

 Design and Implementation of Real-time Algorithms for Eye Tracking and PERCLOS Measurement for on board Estimation of Alertness of Drivers

				         A. George, A. Routray

				         arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.06162

 An On-board Video Database of Human Drivers

				         A. Dasgupta, A. George, SL Happy, A. Routray

				         arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.04853

 A Framework for Fast Face and Eye Detection

				          A. George, A. Dasgupta, A. Routray

				         arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.03344

Patents

 A SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME ASSESSMENT OF ALERTNESS LEVEL OF HUMAN BEINGS

 A. Routray, A. Dasgupta, A. George, SL. Happy

 634/KOL/2013 (Published)

 Awards and Honours

 Winner, BioEye 2015, International Eye Movement based biometrics competition, Organized by IEEE BTAS

 A. George, A. Routray

 Finalist, Intel IEC 2012

 A. George, A. Dasgupta, A. Routray

 MHRD Fellowship during PhD

 MHRD Fellowship during M Tech

 Teaching Experience

 Teaching Assistant, Embedded Systems Lab(P)

  IIT Kharagpur (3 terms)

 Real-time Signal Processing Lab(P) a

  IIT Kharagpur (3 terms)

 Signals and Networks(T)

  IIT Kharagpur 2011-2015 (3 terms)

 Signals and Networks(T)

  IIT Kharagpur 2011-2015 (3 terms)

 Electrical Technology(T)

  IIT Kharagpur 2011-2015 (4 terms)

 Control and electronic system design(P)

  IIT Kharagpur 2014 (1 term)

 Digital Signal Processing (T)

  IIT Kharagpur 2015 (1 term)

 Research Areas

  Embedded Signal and Image Processing

     Computer Vision and Applications

  Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

   Eye Gaze Tracking and Applications

   Human Computer Interaction


text:
Elections for local government were held in Northern Ireland on 7 June 2001, contesting 582 seats in all, along with the 2001 general election across the entire United Kingdom.

Results

Overall

By council

Antrim

Ards

Armagh

Ballymena

Ballymoney

Banbridge

Belfast

Carrickfergus

Castlereagh

Coleraine

Cookstown

Craigavon

Derry

Down

Dungannon

Fermanagh

Larne

Limavady

Lisburn

Magherafelt

Moyle

Newry and Mourne

Newtownabbey

North Down

Omagh

Strabane

References

Council elections in Northern Ireland
Local elections
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
2001 elections in Northern Ireland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Energy is a major operational expense for most large businesses. Instead of just trying to find a cheaper rate, 001 will work closely with you to find out exactly what you should be paying by performing a risk assessment. We will find out if you're getting the most efficient kilowatt per hour rate, understanding your energy use against your budget as well as a full historic audit and bill validation.
As a lead energy specialist, we are no stranger to working with businesses who have multiple sites. We will help you reduce total energy costs by providing insightful reports and analysis of energy consumption for all your sites. We capture your meter reads on a monthly or quarterly basis for both half-hourly and non-half hourly reads to provide you with an accurate view of consumption trends and provide you with opportunities to identify energy savings.
According to a survey by Ofgem, more than 60% of businesses value the help they get from their energy consultant. By working with us, we can help you to take control of your energy costs and improve your energy consumption. This will help your businesses cut costs, reduce risk and grow.
Many large organisations have trouble with large scale energy efficiency, especially when there are multiple premises. The projects are notoriously complex to start and remain tricky to manage, taking both time and resources.
It's not easy to predict the future. Therefore it's not easy to predict how much energy you will require and how much you can save, but by working with us, we're confident that after our initial reviews and audits we will be able to show you where your business can save money and how we can keep you saving money on your energy for the future. We're transparent and we are we not biased. As such, we show you how we arrive at our conclusions guaranteeing the best deal in the market.
Our outsourced and risk-transferred integrated energy solutions have helped us to save over £21m to date, and this number just keeps growing. By switching to 001 you will enjoy a long term relationship where we will not only ensure you start on the best deal but remain on it.
Energy improvement - We will help identify potential inefficient energy processes across your entire organisation with aims of fixing or improving them.
Long term savings - We don't just find a cheaper contract, we're with you all the way, saving you money over the years.
Risk reduction - Our fully outsourced and risk-transferred solution will be based upon the results of our audits and analysis consumption reports, coupled with our expertise of the market.


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Start your visit in the legendary Zenith Steakhouse with a delicious Navajo-Certified Premium Grade Steak, aged for 35 days or enjoy your favorite house made dishes in the 24/7 Four Elements Café. If you want more action, catch it in Arrows Sports Bar where you can watch all your favorite games on multiple televisions while enjoying an ice cold craft beer or beverage of your choice. Need more? Load your plate sky high in the Food Court Buffet featuring a wide variety of choices including American, Asian and traditional Navajo fare.