text:
\section{Introduction}

One of the basic  principles in classical Fourier analysis is the
impossibility to find a function $f$ being arbitrarily well
localized together with its Fourier transform $\widehat{f}$. There
are many ways to get this statement precise. The most famous of
them is the so called Heisenberg uncertainty principle, a
consequence of Cauchy-Schwarz's inequality which states that for
$f\in L^2(\mathbb{R})$,
\begin {equation}
\left(\int_{-\infty}^\infty x^2\mid f(x)\mid^2dx\right)
\left(\int_{-\infty}^\infty \lambda^2\mid
\widehat{f}(\lambda)\mid^2d\lambda\right) \geq
\frac{1}{4}\left(\int_{-\infty}^\infty \mid f(x)\mid^2dx \right)^2
\end{equation}
with equality only if $f(x)$ is almost everywhere equal to a
constant multiple of $e^{-px^2}$ for some $p>0$. Here
$$\widehat{f}(\lambda)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x)e^{-ix\lambda}dx.$$
In this paper we shall prove that similarly to the classical
theory, a nonzero function and its $q$-Fourier ($q$-Fourier-cosine
and $q$-Fourier-sine) transform cannot both be sharply localized.
For this purpose we will prove a $q$-analogue of the Heisenberg
uncertainly principle. This paper is organized as follows: in
Section 2, we present some preliminaries results and notations
that will be  useful in the sequel. In Section 3, we study some
$q$-harmonic  results and state  $q$-analogues of the Heisenberg
uncertainly principle.

\section{notations and preliminaries}
\indent Throughout this paper, we will fix $q \in ]0,1[$ such that
$\displaystyle \frac{Log(1-q)}{Log(q)}\in\mathbb{Z}$ .
 We recall some usual notions and notations used in the
$q$-theory (see \cite {GR} and \cite{KC}). We refer to the book by
G. Gasper and M. Rahmen \cite{GR}, for the definitions, notations
and properties of   the $q$-shifted factorials and the
$q$-hypergeometric functions.\\

 We note\\
 $\displaystyle \mathbb{R}_q=\{\pm q^n~~:~~n\in\mathbb{Z}\}$ and  $\displaystyle \mathbb{R}_{q,+}=\{
 q^n~~:~~n\in\mathbb{Z}\}$.\\
 We also denote
 \begin {equation}
 [x]_q={{1-q^x}\over{1-q}},~~~~~ x\in \mathbb{C}
\end {equation}
and
\begin {equation}
    [n]_q! ={{(q;q)_n}\over
 {(1-q)^n}},  ~~~~~~ n\in \mathbb{N}.
\end {equation}
 The $q$-derivatives
$D_qf$ and $D_q^+f$ of a function $f$ are given by
\begin {equation}\label {21}
(D_qf)(x)={{f(x)-f(qx)}\over{(1-q)x}},~~
(D_q^+f)(x)={{f({q^{-1}x})-f(x)}\over{(1-q)x}}, ~~ { if}~~
x\not=0,
\end {equation}
$(D_qf)(0)=f'(0)$ and $(D_q^+f)(0)=q^{-1}f'(0)$  provided $f'(0)$
 exists.\\
 The $q$-Jackson integrals from $0$ to $a$ and from $0$ to $\infty$ are
defined by (see \cite {Jac})
\begin {equation} \label {26}
\int_0^{a}{f(x)d_qx} =(1-q)a\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{f(aq^n)q^n},
\end {equation}
\begin {equation} \label{int}
\int_0^{\infty}{f(x)d_qx}
=(1-q)\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}{f(q^n)q^n},
\end {equation}
provided the sums converge absolutely.\\The $q$-Jackson integral
in a generic interval $[a,b]$ is given  by (see \cite {Jac})
\begin {equation}
\int_a^{b}{f(x)d_qx} =\int_0^{b}{f(x)d_qx}-\int_0^{a}{f(x)d_qx}.
\end {equation}
 The improper integral is defined in the following way
(see \cite {KoC})
\begin {equation}
\int_0^{{\infty}\over A}{f(x)d_qx}
  =(1-q)\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}{f\left({{q^n}\over A}\right){{q^n}\over A}
  }.
\end {equation}
 We remark that for $n\in \mathbb{Z}$, we have
\begin {equation}\label {30}
\int_0^{{\infty}\over {q^n}}{f(x)d_qx}=\int_0^{\infty}{f(x)d_qx}.
\end {equation}
 The  $q$-integration by parts is given for suitable functions $f$ and $g$ by
\begin {equation}
 \int_a^{b}{g(x)D_qf(x)d_qx}=f(b)g(b)-f(a)g(a)-\int_a^{b}{f(qx)D_qg(x)d_qx}.
\end {equation}
{\bf Remark} A second $q$-analogue of the integration by parts
theorem is given for a suitable function $f$ and $g$ by (see
\cite{KoT})
\begin {equation}\label{ipp}
 \int_a^{b}{g(x)D_qf(x)d_qx}=f(b)g(q^{-1}b)-f(a)g(q^{-1}a)-\int_a^{b}{f(x)D_q^+g(x)d_qx}.
\end {equation}
\begin {propo}The $q$-analogue of the integration theorem by change of variable
 for  $u(x)=\alpha x^{\beta}, \quad \alpha \in \mathbb{C}$ and
$\beta >0$ is as follows
\begin {equation}
\int_{u(a)}^{u(b)}{f(u)d_qu} =
\int_a^b{f(u(x))}D_{q^{\frac{1}{\beta}}}u(x)d_{{q^{\frac{1}{\beta}}}}x.
\end {equation}
\end {propo}

\indent Jackson \cite {Jac} defined the $q$-analogue of the Gamma
function by
\begin {equation}
\Gamma_q (x) ={(q;q)_{\infty}\over{(q^x;q)_{\infty}}}(1-q)^{1-x} ,
\qquad x\not={0},{-1},{-2},\ldots.
\end {equation}
It is well known that it satisfies
\begin {equation}
\Gamma_q(x+1)=[x]_q \Gamma_q(x),\quad \Gamma_q(1)=1~~~~{\rm
and}~~~~ \lim_{q\rightarrow1^-}\Gamma_q(x)=\Gamma(x),~~ \Re(x)>0.
\end {equation}

 The third $q$-Bessel function (see \cite{Ism, KS}) is given and denoted by M.
E. H. Ismail  as
\begin {equation}
J_{\alpha}(z;q^2)=\frac{z^{\alpha}}{(1-q^2)^{\alpha}\Gamma_{q^2}(\alpha+1)}
        {_1\varphi_1(0;q^{2\alpha + 2};q^2,q^2z^2)}.
\end  {equation}
It verifies for $\alpha,~~ \beta$ reals (see \cite{KS})
\begin {equation}
J_{\alpha}(q^{\beta};q^2) =J_{\beta}(q^{\alpha};q^2),
\end {equation}
and we have the following orthogonality relation (see \cite{KS})
\begin {equation}\label{ort}
\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty
q^{2k}q^{n+m}J_{n+k}(x;q^2)J_{m+k}(x;q^2)=\delta_{n,m},~~\mid
x\mid <q^{-1},~~~~n,~m\in\mathbb{Z}.
\end {equation}
Moreover, if $\displaystyle \alpha >-1$, we have (see \cite{FKB}, \cite{KS}
),
 \begin {equation} \label{asj}
    \forall x\in \mathbb{R}_{q,+},~~~~\mid
J_{\alpha}(x;q^2)\mid\leq\frac{(-q^2;q^2)_{\infty}(-q^{2(\alpha+1)};q^2)_{\infty}}{(q^2;q^2)_{\infty}}\left\{
\begin{array}{ccc}
  1 & {      \textrm{if}} & x\leq1 \\
  q^{(\frac{Logx}{Logq})^2} & {      \textrm{if}} & x>1.
\end{array} \right.
\end{equation}
and
\begin {equation} \forall \nu\in \mathbb{R},
~~J_{\alpha}(x;q^2)=o(x^{-\nu})~~~~{ \textrm{as}}
~~~~x\rightarrow+\infty ~~~~~{      \textrm{in}}~~
\mathbb{R}_{q,+}.\end{equation}

The $q$-trigonometric functions $q$-cosine and $q$-sine are
defined by ( see \cite {FB}):
\begin {equation}
 \cos(x;q^2)=~~
_1\varphi_1\biggl(0,q;q^2,(1-q)^2x^2\biggr)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^nq^{n(n-1)}
{{x^{2n}}\over{[2n]_q!}}
\end {equation}
and
\begin {equation}
 \sin(x;q^2)=x~~_1\varphi_1\biggl(0,q^3;q^2,(1-q)^2x^2\biggr)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^nq^{n(n-1)}
{{x^{2n+1}}\over{[2n+1]_q!}}.
\end {equation}

Note that we have the relations
\begin {equation} \label{cos}
\cos(x;q^2) =
\frac{\Gamma_{q^2}(\frac{1}{2})}{q(1+q^{-1})^{\frac{1}{2}}}x^{\frac{1}{2}}J_{-\frac{1}{2}}(\frac{1-q}{q}x;q^2),
\end {equation}

\begin {equation} \label {sj}
\sin(x;q^2) =
\frac{\Gamma_{q^2}(\frac{1}{2})}{(1+q^{-1})^{\frac{1}{2}}}x^{\frac{1}{2}}J_{\frac{1}{2}}(\frac{1-q}{q}x;q^2)
\end {equation}
and they verify

\begin {equation}
D_q\cos(x;q^2)=-\frac{1}{q}\sin(qx;q^2)
\end {equation}
and
\begin {equation}
D_q\sin(x;q^2)=\cos(x;q^2).
\end {equation}
\section{$q$-Uncertainly principle}
We define the $q$-Fourier-cosine and the $q$-Fourier-sine as ( see
\cite{FB} and \cite{KS})
\begin {equation}
\mathcal{F}_q(f)(x)=c_q\int_0^\infty f(t)\cos(xt;q^2)d_qt
\end {equation}
and
\begin {equation}
_q\mathcal{F}(f)(x)=c_q\int_0^\infty f(t)\sin(xt;q^2)d_qt,
\end {equation}
where
\begin {equation}
c_q= \frac{(1+q^{-1})^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\Gamma_{q^2}(\frac{1}{2})}.
\end {equation}
It was shown in \cite{D} that $\mathcal{F}_q$ is an isomorphism of
$L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ and we have $\mathcal{F}_q^{-1}= \mathcal{F}_q$ and the following
Plancherel formula: $$ \parallel \mathcal{F}_q(f)\parallel_{q,2}=\parallel
f\parallel_{q,2},~~~~f\in L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+}),$$ where
$L_q^n(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ is the set of functions defined on $\mathbb{R}_{q,+}$
such that $\displaystyle \int_0^\infty \mid f(t)\mid^nd_qt < \infty$,
equipped with the norm $\displaystyle \parallel f\parallel_{q,n}=\left(
\int_0^\infty \mid f(t)\mid^nd_qt\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}$. \\
The $q$-Fourier-sine verifies the following properties.
\begin{propo}
For $f\in L_q^1(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$, we have\\
1) $\displaystyle \forall \lambda \in \mathbb{R}_{q,+},
\mid~_q\mathcal{F}(f)(\lambda)\mid\leq
\frac{(1+q^{-1})^{1/2}}{\Gamma_{q^2}(1/2)
(q;q)_\infty^2}.\parallel f\parallel_{q,1};$\\
2) $\displaystyle \lim_{\lambda\rightarrow \infty}~_q\mathcal{F}(f)(\lambda)=0.$
\end{propo}
\proof Using the inequality (see \cite{FB})
$$ \mid \sin(x;q^2)\mid \leq \frac{1}{(q;q)_\infty^2},~~x\in \mathbb{R}_q,$$
we obtain
$$ \mid f(t)\sin(\lambda t;q^2)\mid \leq \frac{1}{(q;q)_\infty^2}\mid f(t)\mid ,~~\lambda, t\in \mathbb{R}_q.$$
Which gives, after integration, the first inequality and together
with the Lebesgue theorem it gives the limit. \quad \hfill$\blacksquare$\vspace{0.15cm}\\ \\
In the following proposition, we shall try to prove a Plancherel
formula for the $q$-Fourier-sine transform. We begin by the
following useful result:
\begin {lemme}
 For all
$x, y\in \mathbb{R}_{q,+}$, we have
\begin {equation}
\sqrt{xy}\int_0^\infty \sin(xt;q^2)\sin(yt;q^2)d_qt=
\frac{q^2\Gamma_{q^2}^2(\frac{1}{2})}{(1+q^{-1})(1-q)}\delta_{x,y}.
\end {equation}
\end {lemme}
\proof Let $x=q^n$ and $y=q^m$, $m,n \in\mathbb{Z}$ be two elements of
$\mathbb{R}_{q,+}$. The orthogonality relation (\ref{ort}) leads to
$$\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty
q^{2k}q^{n+m}J_{n+k}(q^{\frac{1}{2}};q^2)J_{m+k}(q^{\frac{1}{2}};q^2)=\delta_{n,m},$$
which is equivalent to
$$\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty
q^{2k}q^{n+m}J_{\frac{1}{2}}(q^{n+k};q^2)J_{\frac{1}{2}}(q^{m+k};q^2)=\delta_{n,m}.$$
Using the relation (\ref{sj}), we obtain
$$\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty \frac{(1-q)(1+q^{-1})}{q\Gamma_{q^2}^2(\frac{1}{2})}
q^{\frac{n+m}{2}}q^{k}\sin\left(\frac{q}{1-q}q^{n+k};q^2\right)\sin\left(\frac{q}{1-q}q^{m+k};q^2\right)=\delta_{n,m}.$$
Then $$\frac{1+q^{-1}}{q\Gamma_{q^2}^2(\frac{1}{2})}
q^{\frac{n+m}{2}} \int_0^\infty \sin
\left(\frac{q}{1-q}q^{n}t;q^2\right)\sin\left(\frac{q}{1-q}q^{m}t;q^2\right)d_qt=\delta_{n,m}.$$
The change of variable $u= \frac{q}{1-q}t$ gives
$$\frac{(1+q^{-1})(1-q)}{q^2\Gamma_{q^2}^2(\frac{1}{2})}
q^{\frac{n+m}{2}} \int_0^\infty \sin
\left(q^{n}t;q^2\right)\sin\left(q^{m}t;q^2\right)d_qt=\delta_{n,m}.$$
Thus
$$\sqrt{xy}\int_0^\infty \sin
\left(xt;q^2\right)\sin\left(yt;q^2\right)d_qt=\frac{q^2\Gamma_{q^2}^2(\frac{1}{2})}{(1+q^{-1})(1-q)}\delta_{x,y}.$$
\quad \hfill$\blacksquare$\vspace{0.15cm}\\
\begin{propo}\label{spl} 1) For
$f\in L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$, we have $_q\mathcal{F}(f)\in L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ and
$$\displaystyle
\parallel _q\mathcal{F}(f)\parallel_{q,2}= q\parallel
f\parallel_{q,2}.$$
 2)$_q\mathcal{F}$ is an isomorphism of
$L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ and  $\displaystyle (_q\mathcal{F})^{-1}=\frac{1}{q^2}~~_q\mathcal{F}$.
\end{propo}
\proof 1) For $x\in \mathbb{R}_{q,+}$, we have
\begin{eqnarray*}
_q\mathcal{F}(f)(x)&=&c_q\int_0^\infty f(t)\sin(xt;q^2)d_qt\\
     &=& c_q (1-q)\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty q^nf(q^n)\sin(xq^n;q^2).
\end{eqnarray*}
So, for $x\in \mathbb{R}_{q,+}$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left( _q\mathcal{F}(f)(x)\right)^2&=& c_q^2 (1-q)^2\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty
q^{2n}f^2(q^n)\sin^2(xq^n;q^2)\\
&+& c_q^2 (1-q)^2\sum_{n,m=-\infty, n\neq m}^\infty
q^{m+n}f(q^m)f(q^n)\sin(xq^m;q^2)\sin(xq^n;q^2) .
\end{eqnarray*}
By integration, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray*}
\int_0^\infty \left( _q\mathcal{F}(f)(x)\right)^2d_qx &=& c_q^2
(1-q)^2\int_0^\infty \sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty
q^{2n}f^2(q^n)\sin^2(xq^n;q^2)d_qx\\
&+& c_q^2 (1-q)^2\int_0^\infty \sum_{n,m=-\infty, n\neq m}^\infty
q^{m+n}f(q^m)f(q^n)\sin(xq^m;q^2)\sin(xq^n;q^2)d_qx.
\end{eqnarray*}
The previous lemma, the relation (\ref{asj}) and Fubini's theorem
imply that we can exchange  the integral and the sum signs and we
have:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\int_0^\infty \left( _q\mathcal{F}(f)(x)\right)^2d_qx &=& c_q^2 (1-q)^2
\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty
q^{n}f^2(q^n) q^n\int_0^\infty\sin^2(xq^n;q^2)d_qx\\
&=& c_q^2
(1-q)^2\frac{q^2\Gamma_{q^2}^2(\frac{1}{2})}{(1+q^{-1})(1-q)}
\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty
q^{n}f^2(q^n)\\
&=&q^2 \int_0^\infty f^2(t)d_qt.
\end{eqnarray*}
2) Using the same arguments, we can see that for $y\in\mathbb{R}_{q,+}$,
we have
\begin{eqnarray*}
\int_0^\infty~ _q\mathcal{F}(f)(x)\sin(xy;q^2)d_qx &=&
c_q(1-q)\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty q^nf(q^n)\int_0^\infty
\sin(xq^n;q^2)\sin(xy;q^2)d_qx\\
&=& \frac{q^2}{c_q}  f(y).
\end{eqnarray*}
\quad \hfill$\blacksquare$\vspace{0.15cm}\\
The following result gives a relation between the
$q$-Fourier-cosine and the $q$-Fourier-sine.
\begin{lemme}\label{cfs}
For $f\in L_q^1(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ such that  $D_qf\in L_q^1(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$,
we have:\\ 1)
\begin {equation}
_q\mathcal{F}(D_qf)(\lambda)=-\frac{\lambda}{q}
\mathcal{F}_q(f)\left(\frac{\lambda}{q}\right), ~~\lambda\in \mathbb{R}_{q,+}.
\end{equation}
2) Additionally, if $f(0)=0$  then
\begin {equation}
\mathcal{F}_q(D_qf)(\lambda)=\frac{\lambda}{q^2}~~ _q\mathcal{F}(f)(\lambda),
~~\lambda\in \mathbb{R}_{q,+}.
\end{equation}
\end{lemme}

\proof Since $f$ is in $L_q^1(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ then for all $\lambda\in
\mathbb{R}_{q,+}$, $f(t)\sin(\lambda t;q^2)$ and  $f(t)\sin(\lambda
t;q^2)$ tend to $0$ as $t$ tends to $\infty$. So by
$q$-integrations by parts, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray*}
 _q\mathcal{F}(D_qf)(\lambda)&=& c_q\int_0^\infty D_qf(t)\sin(\lambda t;q^2)d_qt\\
  &=& -c_q\int_0^\infty \lambda f(qt)\cos(\lambda t;q^2)d_qt\\
  &=& -\frac{\lambda}{q} \mathcal{F}_q(f)\left(\frac{\lambda}{q}\right)
\end{eqnarray*}
and
\begin{eqnarray*}
 \mathcal{F}_q(D_qf)(\lambda)&=& c_q\int_0^\infty D_qf(t)\cos(\lambda t;q^2)d_qt\\
  &=& \frac{c_q}{q}\int_0^\infty \lambda f(qt)\sin(q\lambda t;q^2)d_qt\\
  &=& \frac{\lambda}{q^2}~~ _q\mathcal{F}(f)(\lambda)
\end{eqnarray*}
\quad \hfill$\blacksquare$\vspace{0.15cm}\\
Now, we are in a situation to state a $q$-analogues of the
Heisinberg uncertainty principle.
\begin{theorem}
Let $f$ be in $L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ such that $D_qf$ is in
$L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$. Then
\begin {equation}\label{upc}
\left(\int_0^\infty t^2\mid
f(t)\mid^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty x^2\mid
\mathcal{F}_q(f)(x)\mid^2d_qx\right)^{1/2}\geq
\frac{q}{q^{\frac{3}{2}}+1}\parallel f
\parallel_{q,2}^2
\end {equation}
\end{theorem}
\proof First, using the previous lemma and Proposition \ref{spl},
we have
\begin{eqnarray*}
\int_0^\infty \lambda^2\mid \mathcal{F}_q(f)(\lambda)\mid^2d_q\lambda &=&
1/q\int_0^\infty  \mid
\frac{\lambda}{q}\mathcal{F}_q(f)(\frac{\lambda}{q})\mid^2d_q\lambda\\
&=& 1/q \int_0^\infty  \mid~~
_q\mathcal{F}(D_qf)(\lambda)\mid^2d_q\lambda\\
&=&q\int_0^\infty  \mid D_qf(t)\mid^2d_qt.
\end{eqnarray*}
The relation
$$D_q(f\overline{f})(t)= D_qf(t)\overline{f} +
f(qt)D_q\overline{f}(t)$$ leads to
\begin{eqnarray*}
 \left|\int_0^\infty tD_q(f\overline{f})(t)d_qt\right|&\leq&
 \int_0^\infty \left|tD_qf(t)\overline{f}(t)\right|d_qt + \int_0^\infty
 \left|tf(qt)D_q\overline{f}(t)  \right|d_qt\\
 &\leq& \left(\int_0^\infty
 \left|t\overline{f}(t)\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty
 \left|D_qf(t)\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\\ &+& \left(\int_0^\infty
 \left|tf(qt)\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty
 \left|D_q\overline{f}\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\\
 &=& \left(\frac{q^{3/2}+1}{q^2}\right) \left(\int_0^\infty t^2\left|f(t)\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty
 x^2\left|\mathcal{F}_q(f)(x)\right|^2d_qx\right)^{1/2}.
\end{eqnarray*}
On the other hand, since $f$ is in $L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ then
$t|f(t)|^2$ tends to $0$ as $t$ tends to $\infty$ in $\mathbb{R}_{q,+}$.
So by $q$-integration by parts, we obtain
$$\int_0^\infty tD_q(f\overline{f})(t)d_qt = -\int_0^\infty
|f(qt)|^2d_qt=-1/q\int_0^\infty |f(t)|^2d_qt.$$

Finally
$$\left(\int_0^\infty t^2\mid
f(t)\mid^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty x^2\mid
\mathcal{F}_q(f)(x)\mid^2d_qx\right)^{1/2}\geq
\frac{q}{q^{\frac{3}{2}}+1}\parallel f
\parallel_{q,2}^2.$$
\quad \hfill$\blacksquare$\vspace{0.15cm}\\
Similarly, we have an uncertainty principle for the
$q$-Fourier-sine transform.

\begin{theorem}Let $f$ be in $L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ such that $D_qf$ is in
$L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+})$ and $f(0)=0$. Then
\begin {equation}\label{ups}
\left(\int_0^\infty t^2\mid
f(t)\mid^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty \lambda^2\mid
_q\mathcal{F}(f)(\lambda)\mid^2d_q\lambda\right)^{1/2}\geq
\frac{q}{q^{\frac{-3}{2}}+1}\parallel f
\parallel_{q,2}^2.
\end {equation}
\end{theorem}
\proof Owing to Lemma \ref{cfs} and the Plancherel formula, we
have
\begin{eqnarray*}
\int_0^\infty \lambda^2 \mid ~ _q\mathcal{F}(f)(\lambda)\mid^2d_q\lambda
&=& q^4 \int_0^\infty  \mid
\mathcal{F}_q(D_qf)(\lambda)\mid^2d_q\lambda\\
&=&q^4\int_0^\infty  \mid D_qf(t)\mid^2d_qt.
\end{eqnarray*}

Using the same steps of the previous proof, we have

\begin{eqnarray*}
1/q\int_0^\infty |f(t)|^2d_qt
 &\leq&  \left(\int_0^\infty
\left|t\overline{f}(t)\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty
\left|D_qf(t)\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\\ &+& \left(\int_0^\infty
\left|tf(qt)\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty
\left|D_q\overline{f}\right|^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\end{eqnarray*}
 $$=
\frac{1+q^{-3/2}}{q^2}\left(\int_0^\infty t^2\mid
f(t)\mid^2d_qt\right)^{1/2}\left(\int_0^\infty \lambda^2\mid
_q\mathcal{F}(f)(\lambda)\mid^2d_q\lambda\right)^{1/2}.$$

\quad \hfill$\blacksquare$\vspace{0.15cm}\\
{\bf Remark.} Note that when $q$ tends to $1$, the inequalities
(\ref{upc}) and (\ref{ups}) tend at least formally to the
corresponding classical ones.
\section{Uncertainty Principle in Hilbert space}
For $A$ and $B$ operators on a Hilbert space $H$, with domains
$D(A)$ and $D(B)$ respectively, we note\\
 $\displaystyle [A,B]=AB-BA$  ~~ and ~~ $\displaystyle [A,B]_q=qAB-BA$.
 The commutator $[A,B]$ and the $q-$ commutator $[A,B]_q$ are
 both defined on $D[A,B]=D(AB)\cap D(BA)$, where $\displaystyle D(AB)=\{u\in D(B):Bu\in
 D(A)\}$ and likewise for $D(BA)$. Let us begin by the following
well-known result:
\begin{lemme}{\bf \rm(Cauchy-Schwarz's inequality)} For $x$ and
$y$ in the Hilbert space  $H$ the following inequality
\begin {equation}
|<x,y>|\leq \parallel x\parallel \parallel y\parallel
\end{equation}
holds.
\end{lemme}
Using this lemma, one can prove easily the following proposition,
which gives the uncertainty principle for normal operators.
\begin{propo} For $s\geq 0$, note $\displaystyle [A,B]_s=sAB-BA$.
If $A$ and $B$ are  operators on the Hilbert space $H$, then for
all $u\in D[A,B]$, we have
\begin {equation}
\parallel Au\parallel \parallel B^*u\parallel+s\parallel
Bu\parallel \parallel A^*u\parallel\geq~~ <[A,B]_su,u>|.
\end {equation}
In addition, if $A$ and $B$ are normal on $H$, we obtain
\begin {equation}
\parallel Au\parallel \parallel Bu\parallel\geq\frac{1}{1+s}
|<[A,B]_s
u,u>|.
\end {equation}
\end{propo}
\proof For $s\geq0$, using the lemma  we have , and $u\in
D([A,B])$
\begin{eqnarray*}
|<(sAB-BA)u,u>|&=&|s<ABu,u>-<BAu,u>|\\&=&|s<Bu,A^*u>-<Au,B^*u>|\\
&\leq& |s<Bu,A^*u>| + |<Au,B^*u>|\\&\leq& s\parallel  Bu \parallel
\parallel A^*u\parallel + \parallel  Au \parallel
\parallel B^*u\parallel.
\end{eqnarray*}
Additionally, if  the operators $A$ and $B$ are normal, we obtain
$$|<(sAB-BA)u,u>|\leq(1+s) \parallel Au\parallel \parallel
Bu\parallel.$$
\quad \hfill$\blacksquare$\vspace{0.15cm}\\

Now, take $\displaystyle H= \{f\in L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+}): f(0)=0\}$, $ A:
f(x)\mapsto xf(x)$, $ B: f(x)\mapsto iD_qf(x)$ and $ C:
f(x)\mapsto iD_q^+f(x)$. $A$ is self-adjoint on $H$,  $B^*= C$ (
according to (\ref{ipp}))  and
$$D[A,B]=D[A,C]=\{f\in H: xf, D_qf\in L_q^2(\mathbb{R}_{q,+}\}.$$
For all $f\in D[A,B]$, we have\\
$$[A,B]_qf(x)=-if(x)$$ and  $$[A,C]f(x)=-iq^{-1}f(q^{-1}x).$$
So, for all $f\in D[A,B]$, we have
\begin {eqnarray}\label{uph}
\parallel f\parallel_{q,2}^2&\leq& (\parallel D_q^+f\parallel_{q,2}+q \parallel
D_qf\parallel_{q,2}) \left(\int_0^\infty
x^2|f(x)|^2d_qx\right)^{1/2}\\
&=&\frac{1+q^{3/2}}{q^{1/2}}\parallel D_qf\parallel_{q,2}
\left(\int_0^\infty x^2|f(x)|^2d_qx\right)^{1/2}
\end {eqnarray}
and
\begin {eqnarray}
\left|\int_0^\infty f(x)\overline{f(qx)}d_qx\right|&\leq&
(\parallel D_q^+f\parallel_{q,2}+ \parallel D_qf\parallel_{q,2})
\left(\int_0^\infty
x^2|f(x)|^2d_qx\right)^{1/2}\\
&=&(1+\frac{1}{q^{1/2}})\parallel
D_qf\parallel_{q,2} \left(\int_0^\infty
x^2|f(x)|^2d_qx\right)^{1/2}.
\end {eqnarray}
{\bf Remark.} Using the fact that $\displaystyle \parallel
D_qf\parallel_{q,2} = 1/\sqrt{q}\left(\int_0^\infty
\lambda^2|\mathcal{F}_q(f)(\lambda)|^2d_q\lambda\right)^{1/2}$, one can see
that (\ref{uph}) is exactly (\ref{upc}).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
"The 12-Step Chocoholics Program: Never be more than 12 steps away from chocolate"
The first "twelve step program" was used by Alcoholics Anonymous in the 1930s. "The 12-step chocoholics program: Never be more than 12 steps away from chocolate" is a jocular statement that has been cited in print since at least 2000. The one-line saying has been credited to "Terry Moore," who is possibly the comic book artist named Terry Moore and not the actress Terry Moore.
Wikipedia: Twelve-step program
A Twelve-Step Program is a set of guiding principles (accepted by members as 'spiritual principles,' based on the approved literature) outlining a course of action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems. Originally proposed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as a method of recovery from alcoholism, the Twelve Steps were first published in the book Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism in 1939. The method was then adapted and became the foundation of other twelve-step programs
Google Groups: alt.penpals.forty-plus-yrs
Spuddie
~~~The 12-step chocoholics program: Never Be More Than 12 Steps Away From Chocolate!~~~ (Terry Moore)
Google Groups: alt.support.thyroid
"The 12-step chocoholics program: Never Be More Than 12 Steps Away FromChocolate!"
-- Terry Moore
30 January 2003, The Daily Reflector (Greenville, NC), "International Chocolate Festival benefits eastern North Carolina agencies" by Kim Grizzard
Q: Why is there no such organization as Chocoholics Anonymous?
A: Because no one wants to quit. It's been said that the 12-step program for chocoholics has just one rule: Never be more than 12 steps away from chocolate.
The Chocolate Mouse Trap:
A Chocoholic Mystery
By JoAnna Carl
New York, NY: Signet (New American Library)
"The 12-step chocoholic program: NEVER BE MORE THAN 12 STEPS AWAY FROM CHOCOLATE!" —Terry Moore
Savannah Classic Desserts:
Recipes from Favorite Restaurants
By Janice Shay and Deborah Whitlaw Llewellyn
Gretna, LA: Pelican Pub Co.
"The chocoholics 12-step program: Never be more than 12 steps away from chocolate!" — Terry Moore.
4 February 2012, Times-Mail (Bedford and Lawrence County, IN), "The dark side of chocolate" by Carol Johnson:
"The 12-step chocoholics program: Never Be More Than 12 Steps Away From Chocolate!"
New York City • Food/Drink • (1) Comments • Wednesday, October 24, 2012 • Permalink

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Articles / English / Subproject: Structure and Function of Medieval Armorials (Elmar Hofman)
A treasure hidden in plain sight. The armorial behind the Schichtbuch
by Elmar Hofman · Published 25/11/2015 · Updated 26/11/2015
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, MS extrav. 120, f.165r
This is the first post in a new series on armorials, in which each time a manuscript from the digitized armorials list will be highlighted (click here for the list). The armorial will not be treated in full, but specific aspects, problems or ideas will be discussed. Your thoughts on these issues are valuable and therefore you are more than welcome to share your ideas and comments.
The manuscript Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 120 extrav. is well-known for containing the Schichtbuch. The Schichtbuch is a moralizing history of medieval urban uprisings in the northern German town of Brunswick. This book has been the subject of several articles and last year an entire conference was dedicated to it ("500 Jahre Schichtbuch. Aspekte und Perspektiven der Bote Forschung").[1] Despite this considerable attention for the manuscript, historians have generally ignored the large collection of coats of arms that follows the Schichtbuch. It has remained under the radar of most heraldists as well, illustrated by the fact that it is not included in Steen Clemmensen's comprehensive database of armorials. This should be changed, since this collection of coats of arms is a rich source that has the potential of improving our understanding of the possible purposes and functions of armorials.
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, MS extrav. 120, f.165v
The section with the collections of coats of arms covers several themes, some of which do not feature in other armorials. First, the Holy Roman Emperor is displayed with his coat of arms and portrait (f.165r). This is followed by a page with the coats of arms of the four Kontors of the Hanseatic League (f.165v): Bruges, London, Bergen and Novgorod. Specialists might notice that the coat of arms of the Kontor of Bruges is painted wrong, as a grant of arms of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III from 1486 reads that the arms are "einen schild in mitte nach der lenge abgeteilt, da vorder swartz und das hindter teil gelb oder goldfarb, darinn in mitte ein adler mit zweien houptern und ausgespannten flugeln nach des schilds farben geteilt, habende voren an der prust ein stern nach des adlers farben".[2] So the actual arms do feature an eagle, but on a parted black/golden field and with a star on the chest.
Then come the coats of arms of the seven prince electors (f.166r), followed by predominantly German bishops (f.166r-168r) and two interesting sections displaying first the coats of arms of cities of to the Hanseatic League (f.168v-173r) and then of a couple of cities which are not part of this league (f.173v-176r). The author clearly holds the Hanseatic League in high regard, which is underlined by an accompanying text in which he spurs the cities to stick to the slowly disintegrating league.[3] Next, there are texts on the churches and monasteries in Brunswick (the so-called Kirchen- und Klosterverzeichnis, f.177r-187v) and on the origins and development of Saxonian arms (f.188r-194r), followed by the quaternions (f.188v-199v) and several collections of coats of arms of mostly northern German nobles (f.200r-224r) and last but not least the coats of arms of the townsmen of Brunswick (f.224v- 253v).
Author and dating
It is generally assumed that both the Schichtbuch and the armorial were made by Hermann Bote. He does not identify himself in the manuscript; the attribution is based on a comparison of handwritings with a text that is known to be written by him.[4] Bote was a city scribe in Brunswick who wrote a considerable amount of texts on a variety of topics including political poems, two chronicles and a book on tolls. His birth date is unknown, but is presumed to be somewhere in the 1450s/1460s and he probably died around 1520.
The Schichtbuch is usually dated around 1510, based on the events described in the work. It is often assumed that the armorial and texts behind the Schichtbuch were made in the same period. This rests on the notion that all the sections of the manuscript belonged together in the first place. However, this cannot be said with certainty. The issue of the material aspects of the manuscript will be the subject of a forthcoming paper, but for now it suffices to state that the relations between the various sections of the manuscripts are unclear.[5] This includes the relations between the sections with collections of coats of arms following the Schichtbuch, so perhaps one should speak of multiple armorials. Considering this material uncertainty, it is hard to determine the dating of the sections of the manuscript.
Townsmen of Brunswick
There are many interesting elements in the collections of coats of arms, but with an eye to the conference "Heraldry in the Medieval City" held in Rome earlier this year, I will zoom in on the last section: the coats of arms of the townsmen of Brunswick. An interesting element of this manuscript is that the collections of coats of arms are introduced by short texts. For improving our understanding of the content, functioning and purpose of armorials, accompanying texts are very valuable, as they can provide insights on these and other issues. The text introducing this section of the townsmen of Brunswick reads:
"Hyr volghen na de wapen der borger hir uth der stad Brunswick unde van den slechten. Der is vele vorstorven, so dat or wapen is bygelecht. unde itlike wapen de sin entholden unde wedder upgehaven vor eyn wapen van fromeden slechten, ock wol van den frunden der spylhalven. Wat eddeldom de wapen hebben, dat stelle ick an den herolt.
Ock sunt wapen de me vint in den seggelen, ock in den kercken an pylre unde vensteren, dede namenlos sin, unde de tiit vorlopen is dat neymet de wapen bekent, der namen dede se gevoret hebben: de stan alle na dussen wapen dede namen hebben. Is we de den namen vint to den wapen de dar tohore de mach se unde ore namen boven schriven"[6]
These lines touch on many interesting topics. Bote mentions for example the habit that the last member of an extinct family takes the family arms with him in his grave (Der is vele vorstorven, so dat or wapen is bygelecht). It is also clear that the maker of this collection of coats of arms is not a herald, which illustrates Torsten Hiltmann's claim that the practice of heraldry was not limited to heralds. However, Bote does acknowledge the herald's authoritative status when it comes to judge on the nobility of the arms (Wat eddeldom de wapen hebben, dat stelle ick an den herolt).
Living, dead, use and purpose
One of the most asked and least answered questions with regard to armorials is: What were they for? As many armorials lack texts stating their aims or their context of use, this remains a challenging subject. Different texts in this particular manuscript might however give some indications on the purpose of the section of the townsmen of Brunswick that we are focusing on.
The author explicitly mentions that what follow are not only the coats of arms of the living, but of the dead as well (Hyr volghen na de wapen der borger hir uth der stad Brunswick unde van den slechten. Der is vele vorstorven). In late medieval armorials it is not unusual to find coats of arms representing deceased persons or extinct families. Sometimes this is attributed to the fact that these sections of the manuscript were copied from older sources, but here we find evidence that these deceased are deliberately included in the armorial.
This is underlined by the second paragraph. Here the author states that he has depicted coats of arms that he found on seals and in churches of which the bearers are unknown, due to passing of the time (Ock sunt wapen de me vint in den seggelen, ock in den kercken an pylre unde vensteren, dede namenlos sin, unde de tiit vorlopen is dat neymet de wapen bekent, der namen dede se gevoret hebben). Presumably this concerns families that have died out. Bote says that he nevertheless painted these nameless coats of arms after the ones he could identify (de stan alle na dussen wapen dede namen hebben). And indeed, one notices that the coats of arms of first part of the armorial of townsmen of Brunswick are provided with legends and the coats of the second part largely appear without legends. The dividing line seems to be on f.243v.
I say largely, because there are some coats of arms in this second part that are identified by a legend as well. Bote spurs the people that know the names to these coats of arms to write them above the shields (de den namen vint to den wapen de dar tohore de mach se unde ore namen boven schriven). Although most of the legends in the second part appear to be of the same hand as those in the first part (perhaps Bote's own additions), this may imply that the manuscript was not destined for the author himself, as he expects other people to read it and write in it. So it was not a personal notebook. Regrettably, the exact intended context of use remains shrouded in mystery.
If this armorial was meant to be read by other people, what was its purpose? Bote did not want to present particular persons in the section with the townsmen of Brunswick, since the armorial contains coats of arms of which he did not even know who the bearers were. The statement that he included anonymous coats of arms from seals and churches, suggests that he painted all the arms he could find. Therefore one might argue that Bote wanted just to present an overview of Brunswickian coats of arms as an end in itself, perhaps as a result of an interest in collecting arms.
However, one could also argue that Bote wanted to do more than just collecting coats of arms for its own sake. His clear appeal to future readers to add the names to the unknown coats of arms could be a hint for another purpose. The desired adding of the names suggests that this overview is not only about the coats of arms, but about their bearers as well, of which, as Bote stated, many were deceased. In the preceding section, where he presented the coats of arms of mainly northern German nobles, he also included the dead. And in the text introducing this section he specified why:
"Ock sin hir vele wapen manget dede vorstorven sin unde dat slechte vorghan van dodes halven […] Doch sunt ore wapen hir getekent to eyner dechtenisse der vervallenen slechte"[7]
Bote included the coats of arms of the extinct noble families in order to remember them. This focus on commemoration in armorials is not unique; it can be also be found in for example the Grünenberg armorial.[8] In the foreword to his armorial Grünenberg wrote that he collected the coats of arms in his book "vermainend der gedechtnuss des hochflammendn adels hiemit ain wenigs zu geschurt haben."[9] With his armorial Grünenberg hoped to stimulate the commemoration of the nobility.
So armorials could be used for commemoration, and this was clearly Bote's aim for the section of the northern German nobles. I would argue that the collection of coats of arms of the townsmen of Brunswick serves a similar purpose, not only focused on nobles, but on all the members of the urban community and that is why he encouraged future readers to write the names above the unknown arms. He collected all these coats of arms not just for heraldic or collective reasons, but to present and commemorate the Brunswickian townsmen, both of the present and of the past.
[1] Research on the Schichtbuch started with a 19th century edition and study by Ludwig Hänselmann, "Das Schichtbuch. 1514," in Die Chroniken Der Niedersächsischen Städte. Braunschweig. Bd. 2 (Leipzig, 1880), 269–532. More recent articles dealing with the Schichtbuch include: Herbert Blume, "Das Schichtbuch. Am Beispiel des Aufruhrs wegen zweifacher Steuer," in Hermann Bote: Braunschweiger Stadtschreiber und Literat ; Studien zu seinem Leben und Werk, ed. Herbert Blume, Braunschweiger Beiträge zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur 15 (Bielefeld, 2009); Martin Kintzinger, "Hermann Bote, Schichtbuch (Cod. Guelf. 120 Extrav.)," in Wolfenbütteler Cimelien. Das Evangeliar Heinrichs des Löwen in der Herzog August Bibliothek, in Ausstellungskataloge der Herzog August Bibliothek (Weinheim, 1989), 249–54; Wolfgang Milde, "Das Autograph von Hermann Botes Schichtbuch in Publikationen des Jahres 1985," Uelenspiegel-Jahrbuch 26 (1986): 95–98. Other sections of the the same manuscript following the Schichtbuch have also been studied and edited: Matthias Puhle, Stadt und Geld im ausgehenden Mittelalter. Zur Münzgeschichte "Van der Pagemunte" des Braunschweiger Autors Hermen Bote (ca. 1450-1520), vol. 58, Arbeitsberichte aus dem Städtischen Museum Braunschweig (Braunschweig, 1988); Eberhard Rose, "Kirchen und Klösterverzeichnis der Stadt Braunschweig," in Kirchen, Klöster, Heilige. Vorreformatorische Kirchengeschichte Braunschweigs im Werk Hermann Botes, ed. Jürgen Diestelmann (Braunschweig, 1988), 16–23.
[2] Cited from Matthias Ohm, Thomas Schilp, and Barbara Welzel, Ferne Welten – freie Stadt. Dortmund im Mittelalter, vol. 7, Dortmunder Mittelalter-Forschungen (Bielefeld, 2006), 372
[3] f.168v: "So volghen hirna de erbaren stede, geheten de hengstede. Over dersulften stede is vele van dem henghe vallen, so is der ock vele dussen hengk noch vaste holden umme wolstandes willen … [and then the author addresses the Hanseatic cities directly] … Och gy erliken stede de henge, de ju uth der keden entvallen sin, henget ju juck wedder tosammede".
[4] Hänselmann compared the handwritings of Hermann Bote's Zollbuch (Tollenboyck) with the Schichtbuch and concluded that they were the same. However, in the 19th century the Zollbuch was considered lost and Hänselmann used a written facsimile for his study. This problematic assumption remained unchallenged throughout the 20th century, until Herbert Blume remarked in a note that modern comparison of handwriting with the retrieved original of the Zollbuch affirms Hänselmann's claims. Herbert Blume, "Tollenschriver' in Braunschweig und 'Hogrefe' im Papenteich? Beobachtungen zu Botes Leben anhand seines Zollbuchs," in Hermann Bote: Braunschweiger Stadtschreiber und Literat ; Studien zu seinem Leben und Werk, Braunschweiger Beiträge zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur 15 (Bielefeld, 2009), 187. Since this remark is not founded by arguments or references, I am following the attribution to Bote, but with some reservations.
[5] Elmar Hofman, 'Armorials behind the Schichtbuch. A material and visual exploration', will appear in the conference proceedings of "500 Jahre Schichtbuch. Aspekte und Perspektiven der Bote Forschung".
[6] f. 224v. Transcription by Hänselmann, "Das Schichtbuch. 1514," 491–492.
[7] f.210r. Transcription by Ibid., 490.
[8] On Grünenberg's foreword in relation to late medieval culture of commemoration see Klaus Graf, "Adel Als Leitbild: Zur Geschichte Eines Grundwerts in Spätmittelalter Und Früher Neuzeit," in Gelungene Anpassung? Adelige Antworten, ed. Horst Carl and Sönke Lorenz (Ostfildern, 2005), 67–81. Accessible online
[9] München, BSB Cgm 145, f.11r-v.
Cite the article as: Elmar Hofman, "A treasure hidden in plain sight. The armorial behind the Schichtbuch", in: Heraldica Nova: Medieval and Early Modern Heraldry from the Perspective of Cultural History (a Hypotheses.org blog), published: 25/11/2015, Internet: https://heraldica.hypotheses.org/3960.
Tags: 15th c.16th c.armorialsdigitisedheraldrymedieval city
Next story Digitized armorials list restructured with an expanded focus
Previous story Die "Berliner Papierhandschrift" des Wappenbuchs Grünenberg ist jetzt online
G. Miller says:
For non-German speaking people, it would be invaluable for someone familiar with old German letters to print the letters in each surname so they can be read by everyone.
Pantens Christiane says:
Initiative très interessante;l'édition d'armoriaux souvent inconnus est toujours bienvenue et encore trop rare; mais chacun sait le temps que prend une étude la pluscomplète possible. Bonne continuation
Thank you for your comment. An edition of this armorial would indeed be very welcome; Hänselmann's 19th century edition of the Schichtbuch only lists the names of the legends. For such an edition, I think especially this part of the townsmen of Brunswick would pose a great challenge, as it probably contains a high number of coats of arms for which this manuscript is the only source. However, I think it would be worth it, since it is not only a great source for heraldic studies, but for urban history as well.


text:
"Never Go Back" is a song by Israeli singer-songwriter Dennis Lloyd. Written and produced by Lloyd, it was released by Arista Records on 15 February 2019 as the lead single from his debut extended play, Exident (2019). The song's lyrics are a continuation of the narrative of his 2016 single "Nevermind". Lloyd said, "I recorded 'Nevermind' at the beginning of my relationship, and I wrote 'Never Go Back' two days after we broke up."

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2019 singles
2019 songs
Dennis Lloyd songs
Arista Records singles
English-language Israeli songs
Number-one singles in Israel
Song recordings produced by Dennis Lloyd
Songs written by Dennis Lloyd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
We don't have a biography for Karen Gillan.
IMDb 7.22022 120 m
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Genre: Adventure, Drama, Family
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Stars: Dwayne Johnson, Karen Gillan, Kevin Hart, Jack Black, Rhys Darby, Bobby Cannavale, Nick Jonas, Alex Wolff, Ser'Darius Blain, Madison Iseman, Morgan Turner, Sean Buxton, Mason Guccione, Marin Hinkle, Tracey Bonner, Najah Jackson, Natasha Charles Parker, Kat Altman
The Guardians struggle to keep together as a team while dealing with their personal family issues, notably Star-Lord's encounter with his father the ambitious celestial being Ego.
Stars: Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Sylvester Stallone, Kurt Russell, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Tommy Flanagan, Laura Haddock, Aaron Schwartz, Hannah Harlow, Hilty Bowen
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Stars: David Dastmalchian, Karen Gillan, David Koechner, Jennifer Morrison, Richard Cabral, John Doe, Walter Coppage, Sam Salary, Abel Becerra, Chad Crenshaw, Vanessa A. Davis, Tony Ruiz, Max Curnin, Sergio D. Acosta, Katabelle, D'Andre McKenzie, Jorge M. Roman, Jamie Addison
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When her best friend takes his own life, Liusaidh has to deal with stresses of such a situation.
Stars: Karen Gillan, Lee Pace, Matthew Beard, Paul Higgins, Siobhan Redmond, Jamie Quinn, Rachel Jackson, Lesley Harcourt, Daniela Nardini, Julie Graham, Ralph Riach, Paul Tinto, David McKay, Duncan Brown, Joe Cassidy, Ian Sheepie Smith, Paula Sage, Niall Greig Fulton
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The newest and bloodiest compilation in short horror, Fun Size Horror: Volume Two continues the spine-tingling delivery of an unexpected variety of frightful stories all told in bite size pieces.
Stars: Karen Gillan, Matty Cardarople, Michael May, James Ransone, Ryan Turek, Lara Sebastian, Katie Parker, Mali Elfman, Trey Everett, Tracie Thoms, Adi Shankar, Kevin Daniels, Paul Telfer, Jake Varta, Tony Krol, Diva Zappa, Jan Munroe, Alexandra Olson
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Genre: Sci-Fi, Thriller
Country: Finland, United States
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Genre: Horror, Mystery
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Stars: Karen Gillan, Iris Apatow, Pedro Pascal, Leslie Mann, Vir Das, David Duchovny, Keegan-Michael Key, Fred Armisen, Samson Kayo, Maria Bamford, Audrina Woolrich, Guz Khan, Grant Woolrich, Maria Bakalova, Kate McKinnon, Dave Simon, Harry Trevaldwyn, Danielle Vitalis


text:
Misuse Of Section 498A Of Indian Penal Code, 1860
To start with first we have to look that what this word marriage means. 'Marriage is the voluntary union for life of one man and one woman to the exclusion of all others.' It is a social institution where a husband has the responsibility to take care of and maintain his wife. He cannot neglect his duties. But at this great institution, a stigma called 'dowry' still exists. Women are ill-treated, harassed, killed, divorced for the simple reason that they didn't bring dowry.
For safeguarding the interest of woman against the interest of woman against the cruelty they face behind the four walls of their matrimonial home, the Indian Penal Code,1860(hereinafter referred to as I.P.C.) was amended in 1983 and inserted S.498A which deals with 'Matrimonial Cruelty' to a woman.
ABOUT SECTION 498-A
Chapter 20-A, IPC, having only one section was introduced in the IPC in 1983 in order to curb cruelty and domestic violence against married women. Section 498-A, IPC deals with the cases wherein a woman is subjected to cruelty or harassment, perpetrated either by the husband or husband's relatives. Cruelty in simple terms means a state of conduct which is painful and disserting to another; harassment is the act of systematic and/or continued unwanted and annoying actions of one party or a group, including threats and demands. Not the only husband can be held liable for cruelty but also the relatives can be held liable in case of cruelty or harassment.
Section 498A is read as follows:-
[498A. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.—Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be pun-ished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, "cruelty" means—
(a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman; or
(b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand.] i
Section 113-A of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 is read as follows:
[113A. Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman.—When the question is whether the commission of suicide by a woman had been abetted by her husband or any relative of her husband and it is shown that she had committed suicide within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage and that her husband or such relative of her husband had subjected her to cruelty, the Court may presume, having regard to all the other circumstances of the case, that such suicide had been abetted by her husband or by such relative of her husband.1
[113A. Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman.—When the question is whether the commission of suicide by a woman had been abetted by her husband or any relative of her husband and it is shown that she had committed suicide within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage and that her husband or such relative of her husband had subjected her to cruelty, the Court may presume, having regard to all the other circumstances of the case, that such suicide had been abetted by her husband or by such relative of her husband." Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, "cruelty" shall have the same meaning as in section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).] ii
Section 498-A, IPC was inserted as an independent Chapter with effect from 25 December 1983 by the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, 1983. The amending Act also added Section 113-A to the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, in order to raise the presumption regarding abetment of suicide. The object behind inserting this chapter was to punish the husband and relative(s) of the husband who tortures the wife in order to coerce her or her relative(s) to satisfy any unlawful demands or to drive her to commit suicide.
It is very much relevant to point out at this conjuncture that Hon'ble Supreme Court observed in the case of B.S. Joshi v. State of Haryana iii, the object of introducing Chapter 20-A, in IPC to prevent torture to a woman by her husband or the relatives of the husband.
MEANING OF CRUELTY
It was held in 'Kaliyaperumal v. State of Tamil Nadu' iv, that cruelty is a common essential in offences under both the sections 304B and 498A of IPC. The two sections are not mutually inclusive but both are distinct offences and persons acquitted under section 304B for the offence of dowry death can be convicted for an offence under sec.498A of IPC. The meaning of cruelty is given in explanation to section 498A. Section 304B does not contain its meaning but the meaning of cruelty or harassment as given in section 498-A applies in section 304-B as well. Under section 498-A of IPC cruelty by itself amounts to an offence whereas under section 304-B the offence is of dowry death and the death must have occurred during the course of seven years of marriage. But no such period is mentioned in section 498-A.
In the case of 'Inder Raj Malik v. Sunita Malik ' v , it was held that the word 'cruelty' is defined in the explanation which inter alia says that harassment of a woman with a view to coercing her or any related persons to meet any unlawful demand for any property or any valuable security is cruelty.
Kinds of cruelty covered under this section include the following:
• Cruelty by vexatious litigation
• Cruelty by deprivation and wasteful habits
• Cruelty by persistent demand
• Cruelty by extra-marital relations
• Harassment for non-dowry demand
• Cruelty by non-acceptance of a baby girl
• Cruelty by false attacks on chastity
• Taking away children
The presumption of cruelty within the meaning of section 113-A, Evidence Act,1872 also arose making the husband guilty of abetment of suicide within the meaning of section 306 where the husband had an illicit relationship with another woman and used to beat his wife making it a persistent cruelty within the meaning of Explanation (a) of section 498-A.
CONSTITUTION VALIDITY OF SECTION 498-A
In 'Inder Raj Malik and others v. Mrs Sumita Malik 'vi, it was contended that this section is ultra vires Article 14 and Article 20 (2) of the Constitution. There is the Dowry Prohibition Act which also deals with similar types of cases; therefore, both statutes together create a situation commonly known as double jeopardy. But Delhi High Court negatives this contention and held that this section does not create a situation for double jeopardy. Section 498-A is distinguishable from section 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act because in the latter mere demand of dowry is punishable and the existence of the element of cruelty is not necessary, whereas section 498-A deals with an aggravated form of the offence. It punishes such demands of property or valuable security from the wife or her relatives as are coupled with cruelty to her. Hence a person can be prosecuted in respect of both the offences punishable under section 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act and this section.
This section gives wide discretion to the courts in the matters of interpretation of the words occurring in the laws and also in matters of awarding punishment. This provision is not ultra vires. It does not confer arbitrary powers on courts.
In the leading case of 'Wazir Chand v. State of Haryana 'vii, involving the death by burning of a newly married woman, the circumstances did not establish either murder or an abetted suicide and thus in-laws escaped the jaws of section 300 and 306, but they were caught in the web of this newly enacted section for prevention of harassment for dowry. Not to speak of the things they are persistently demanding from the girl's side, the fact that a large number of articles were taken by her father after her death from her matrimonial abode showed that there was pressure being exerted on-in laws and continued to be exerted till death for more money and articles.
With the rise in modernization, education, financial security and the newfound independence the radical feminist have made 498A a weapon in her hands. Many hapless husbands and in-laws have become victims of their vengeful daughters-in-law. Most cases where Sec 498A is invoked turn out to be false (as repeatedly accepted by High Courts and Supreme Court in India) as they are mere blackmail attempts by the wife (or her close relatives) when faced with a strained marriage. In most cases, 498A complaint is followed by the demand of huge amount of money (extortion) to settle the case out of the court dowry."
GUIDELINES INCORPORATED IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE,1973
Section 174 Cr.P.C specially empowers the police officers to make an investigation into cases of suicides and other unnatural or suspicious deaths. The object of the proceeding is merely to ascertain whether a person has died under suspicious circumstances or had an unnatural death and if so, what is the apparent cause of the death.
Section 174 (3) gives discretion to a police officer not to send a body for post-mortem examination only in a case, namely, where there can be no doubt as to the cause of death. The amendment introduced by the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, 1983 makes it mandatory for the police officer to send the body for post-mortem examination if:-
i. The case involves suicide by a woman within seven years of her marriage;
ii. The case relates to the death of the woman within seven years of her marriage, in circumstances raising a reasonable suspicion that the woman was the victim of an offence;
iii. Any relative of the woman made a request in that behalf when she died within seven years of her marriage; and
iv. There is any doubt regarding the cause of death.
Section 176 Cr.P.C provides for enquiry by Magistrates into the cause of death in Police Custody and into other cases of unnatural or suspicious death. The 1983 Amendment similarly empowered the magistrate to have, in these four situations, stated above, an enquiry into the cause of her death, either instead of or in addition to the investigation held by the Police Officer.
Amending the First Schedule to the Cr.P.C, the offence of dowry death has been made cognizable, non-bailable and triable by the Court of Session.
INSERTION IN THE EVIDENCE ACT, 1872
To make the Amendments in the IPC more effective, the amendment in the Evidence Act, 1872 was considered to be necessary. Thus, section 113-A and Section 113-B were added.
Thus a presumption under Section 113-A Indian Evidence Act, 1872 has the following ingredients:
a. Where the question is whether suicide by a married woman was abetted by her husband or in-laws and;
b. Following two conditions are fulfilled:
i. She has committed suicide within seven years of her marriage.
ii. She was subjected to cruelty
c. It will be presumed that her husband and in-laws have abetted her to commit suicide which is an offence under Section 306 IPC.
d. The burden of proof would be shifted to in-laws to show that they had no role to play in the episode and it was the result of her own voluntary act.
e. The word "cruelty" has the same meaning as in Section 498-A of IPC.
Section 113-A is retrospective and so it applies to a case where the offence was committed prior to the insertion of the section. viii This provision is provisional.
In State of Himanchal Pradesh v. Nikku, ix the Supreme Court held that this section shows that if the woman has been subjected to cruelty as defined in Section 498-A I.P.C., the court may presume, having regard to all circumstances of the case that suicide had been abetted by her husband or any of his relatives.
The Supreme Court in a case P. Mani v. State of Tamil Nadu x ruled that where the presumption of a suicide of married woman is not available, the conviction is to be based upon cogent also.
One of the circumstances which have to be considered by the Court is whether the alleged cruelty was of such a nature as was likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health of the woman. xi
MISUSE OF SECTION 498-A AND JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS
It has been felt by many quarters of the society and also by the courts that section 498-A has been abused from at times to harass the husband and his relatives or settle personal scores, it is true that possibility of abuse does not make the provision invalid and it must be presumed, unless contrary is proved, the administration and application of a particular law would be done "not with evil eye and unequal hand" xii in Preeti Gupta v. State of Jharkhand xiii the Supreme Court observed:
A serious look of the entire provision is warranted by the Legislature. It is also a matter of common knowledge that exaggerated versions of the incident are reflected in a large number of complaints. The tendency of over-implication is also reflected in a very large number of cases.
In an earlier case also, Sushil Kumar Sharma v. Union of India xiv the Supreme Court lamented that in many instances, a complaint under section 498A was being filed with an oblique motive to wreck personal vendetta and observed, "It may, therefore, become necessary for the legislature to find out ways how the makers of frivolous complaints and allegations can be appropriately dealt with." Since then it has been a constant endeavour by the Supreme Court to balance the needs of the society to protect the vulnerable women and also the gullible relatives of the erring husband.
The Law Commission of India in its 243rd Report reviewed section 498A and recommended that the offence under section 498A should be made compoundable, with the permission of the court and subject to cooling off period of three months. xv The Law Commission noted that the preponderance of view is to make it compoundable' however, the offence should remain non-bailable. The safeguard against arbitrary and unwarranted arrests lies in strictly observing the letter and spirit of the conditions laid down in section 41 and section 41-A Cr.P.C. relating to the power of arrest and sensitizing the police on the modalities to be observed in cases of this nature.
Not only this, again the Supreme Court issued guidelines in the case of Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar xvi which needed to be followed during the investigating officer in case of cruelty and against women. Again the Supreme Court in 2017 in the case of Rajesh Sharma v. State of U.P. xvii issued several guidelines. Here, the division bench issued the new set of directions to prevent the misuse of Section 498A of Indian Penal Code. A two-Judge Bench of Hon'ble Mr. Justice AK Goel and Hon'ble Mr. Justice UU Lalit observed that Section 498A was inserted in the statute with the laudable object of punishing cruelty at the husband or his relatives against a wife particularly when such cruelty had potential to result in suicide or murder of a woman as mentioned in the Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Act 46 of 1983.
"It is a matter of serious concern that a large number of cases continues to be filed under Section 498A alleging harassment of married women. To remedy the situation, we are of the view that involvement of civil society in the aid of administration of justice can be one of the steps, apart from the investigating officers and the concerned trial courts being sensitized. It is also necessary to facilitate closure of proceedings where a genuine settlement has been reached instead of parties being required to move High Court only for that purpose." xviii
The same judgment is sub-judice and has been referred to a larger bench for review as some of the recommendations were not in view of the principle of natural justice.
SECTION 498A: PROBLEMS
Any critical analysis of Sec 498A would be incomplete without understanding the history of criminal law reform in India. "The demand for criminal law reform came about because of a large number of women that were dying in their matrimonial homes due to dowry-related harassment. Therefore, the initial demand was for a law to prevent only dowry-related violence. Sec 498A was thus introduced in the IPC in 1983 closely followed by Sec 304B which defined the special offence of the dowry-related death of a woman in 1986 and the related amendments in the Indian Evidence Act 1872." "It is believed that Sec 498A and Sec 304B were introduced to complement each other and be part of a scheme since Sec 304B addresses the particular offence of dowry death and Sec 498A sought to address the wide-scale violence against married women for Meaning of Cruelty.
1. As it has been recommended by the Law Commission of India in its 243rd report that the said provision must become compoundable.
2. There should be an investigation first then the arrest as in protecting the interest of women the fundamental rights of men is being violated.
The parliament made these laws in order to prevent the women from the torture of husband and his relatives and not only the said provision but also the parliament has passed a separate legislation in order to protect a woman from domestic violence i.e., Protection of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005 also known as DV Act. It is although not a penal law but it has ushered in a new jurisprudence in the arena of cruelty against women. But women started taking advantages of these laws and therefore, the courts from time to time issued several guidelines and Law Commission of India issued many recommendations through its reports. At last the case has been referred to a larger bench of the apex court to issue guidelines which will protect the interest of both the parties- husband and wife.
[i] Indian Penal Code, 1860, § 498-A,
[ii] Indian Evidence Act, 1872, §113-A.
[iii] (2003) 4 S.C.C. 675.
[iv] (2004) 9 S.C.C. 157.
[v] (1986) 92 C.R.L.J.1510.
[vi] Id.
[vii] (1989) S.C.C.(Cr.) 105.
[viii] Gurbachan Singh v. Satpal Singh, A.I.R. 1990 S.C. 209.
[ix] Himanchal Pradesh v. Nikku, A.I.R. 1996 S.C. 67.
[x] P. Mani v. State of Tamil Nadu, (2006) 3 S.C.C. 161.
[xi] Rajbaba & another v. State of M.P., A.I.R. 2008, ⁋ 3216.
[xii] Satish Kumar Batra v. State of Haryana, (2009) 12 S.C.C. 491.
[xiii] (2010) 7 S.C.C. 667.
[xiv] (2005) 6 S.C.C. 281.
[xv] Law Commission of India, 237th Report.
[xvi] (2014) 8 S.C.C. 273.
[xvii] (2017) S.C. Decided on 27 July 2017.
[xviii] http://www.livelaw.in/breaking-misuse-of-s-498a-sc-directs-to-form-family-welfare-committees-to-examine-each-cases-no-arrests-before-committees-report-read-new-guidelines/
Case Laws, Know Your Rights, Legal Concept
Cognizable offence, Cruelty, Guidelines by Supreme Court, Indian Penal Code, Misuse of Section 498-A, non - bailable offence, Offences Against Women, Supreme Court Judgments


From the 8th to the 22nd of August, 2015 a group of young, dedicated and initiative Ukrainians took part in the youth exchange of twin-towns "One Country, One World", which was held in Eurocamp Helenesee in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. The camp was organized by the NGO Frankfurt pewobe g GmbH. Center for European Initiatives acted as a partner of the project from Ukrainian side.
Summer is time of rest and bright impressions, time for fun, positive emotions, pleasant meetings and new experiences. And what could be better than a combination of the vacation abroad and productive exchange of experience with the youth of the European community?
During fourteen days youth from Belarus, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and France discussed European values, active citizenship, unicity and diversity, influence and communication technologies for the future of humanity. For two weeks, almost 90 boys and girls aged 16 to 23 years transformed from strangers into a real friendly family. Successfully developed program, interesting classes, sports and entertainment events, meetings with interesting people, excursions and group forms of work in international teams quickly changed one another, giving participants an opportunity to integrate and better know each other, the culture and mentality of the participants from twin - towns. Everyone found himself - a variety of workshops gave fruitful results. The participants presented the Shadow Theater, modern dances and Zumba dances, handmade plaster masks, videos and stories about the life of the camp.
The productive meeting with German politicians became the peasant surprise. They spoke on par with the participants, advised and carefully listened to the views of young people on important economic and political issues. An example of the bilateral dialogue was the conference in City Hall A conference in the City Hall became the example of bilateral dialogue where the mayors of Frankfurt (Oder), Germany and Slubice, Poland contacted with young people, took part in the interactive presentation, discussed the pressing questions of financing of the camp and analyzed group performances about the influence of various factors on the further collaboration of twin-towns and on the future of humanity in whole.
A visit of the former Nazi concentration camp Sachsenhausen near Oranienburh caused the wide range of emotions among the participants. This visit is certainly not be attributed to the entertainments, but should be done. Impression is heavy, it makes people think about terrible deeds and ideas which people are capable for. These places need to be seen in order to feel the pain of the people. During the discussion of the visit to Sachsenhausen camp participants stressed the need of similar memorial museums as an integral part of our history and underlined the importance of life -lessons learned to prevent analogical events in the future in order to value the peace and protect it.
Thanks to the skills and organizers' seventeen – year experience Eurocamp successfully combined the work and entertainment. Intercultural evenings were made in the form of the fair where participants were tasting traditional dishes, playing folk games, learning the language and traditions of each other. And, as always, sincere hospitality gathered all the participants at the Ukrainian table. Guests admired contests and games, enjoyed real Ukrainian "salo" with cucumbers, danced "hopak" and circle folk dances. For a long time the phrase "We are Ukraine" which sounded nice even with the French and German accent was heard in the room.
The best way to show the mood of the project is the opinion of its participants. Here are the impressions Ukrainian delegation.
Diana Odyntsova: "I don't regret that I used the wonderful opportunity to visit the Eurocamp in Germany. New acquaintance from other countries, communication in English, active sports, rest at the lake, discussing of important issues of present times, summer festival, visiting historic monuments of the capital and other equally interesting places and, finally, the cool evening with friendly gatherings by the fire made my best impressions".
Stanislav Sorochenko: "This camp helps us to learn other European countries, their culture and customs. Most of the participants liked the presentation of the Ukrainian cuisine – thy tasted Ukrainian dishes with pleasure. The work in international groups helped us to improve foreign communication. The camp has left different memoirs for everyone: someone met new friends; some improved foreign language skills; and someone met your love".
Volodymyr Gubskyi: "It's been two weeks of happiness, joy, fun, friendship, and of course language practice. A variety of activities and workshops, exciting excursions, sport games and many more didn't allow the sorrow to rule the mood. Night songs and talks around the campfire made us closer as a magnet. The only negative point in the camp was a day of departure. Tears in the eyes of children, the last embrace, exchange contacts for future communication simply describe these sad moments. But I think sadness is unnecessary, because next year evenings meeting by the fire will again gather all the participants together. And finally, a great thank to the organizers and camp staff for these happy moments, because without them the camp would be nothing. So with a smile on his face we are waiting for the next year meeting in summer camp Eurocamp".
Volodymyr Tsiluiko: "During 14 days we were able to make new friends, improve foreign languages, not only English but also Polish and German! We got acquainted with the most amazing features of participant countries of the exchange. All participants of Sommercamp become more than friends. All members want to meet more than once in these camps Sommercamp".
Mykola Horyan: "This summer I had the great honor to visit Sommercamp camp in Germany. This place combines harmony, self-respect, openness and mutual support. We visited the workshops according to our interests. Moreover, this camp provides an opportunity to communicate in foreign languages and improve knowledge in linguistics. Every moment in the camp was brilliant thanks to organization German partners".
Andriy Kondratenko: "I spent fourteen unforgettable days in Sommercamp in Germany. I had the opportunity to meet with old friends and new ones. The organizers prepared a rich program, which skillfully combined elements of education and rest. Group work, accommodation, international competition helped us better acquaint with traditions, history and culture of twin - towns, to increase the level of knowledge of foreign languages and learn some words in the languages of participating countries. It is impossible to choose the most interesting activity. Every day was special. It's even hard to imagine that this project is one year younger than me - so many participants, positive emotions; much new and useful information which we got for all this time.
Many thanks to the organizers - you are doing the good work. I hope that next year we will meet again and as one big family will spend fourteen unforgettable days".
Mariia Svystun: "It was difficult to imagine what adventures were waiting for you – some of them were succeeded, some remained somewhat in dreams. But I must assure you that the program was the balance of relaxation and fertile plain work. Every morning energizers and new friends' smiles gave inspiration for the whole the day. Drive rhythms of Zumba will always be in our memory as the positive ones. The most important and most useful thing is the communication with foreign youth. This helps to develop language, knowledge about other cultures and, most important to find true friends forever. I want to describe those two weeks in Germany in one sentence - one country, one world, because all of us have become one big family".
Denys Diakonov: "Summer Camp is always a wonderful and interesting experience for a lifetime. First, communication with foreigners is always very interesting and useful, and the summer camp twin-towns, cheerful and warm company provide a tremendous opportunity for this. Secondly, light and interesting program of the camp gave enough chances to enjoy all the pleasures of summer with new friends. So, I am very pleased with the trip to a summer camp in Germany, even the longest journey couldn't spoin those impressions".
Ukraine is marching to Europe, and this is a fact! The young Ukrainian are not only fluent in a foreign language, but also offer useful ideas with fresh eyes, full of energy, hope for a better future and are prepared to act for their Motherland. NGO Center for European Initiatives is committed to provide opportunities for Ukrainian youth in order to show that they are worth to be called Europeans. Organizers and partners hope to continue to gather young people from the twin – towns of Europe and post-Soviet space in the Eurocamp, because, as the practice shows the youth with its noble enthusiasm, vague desire for honest and fairness is one of the greatest forces of the progress.


The North Rim of the Grand Canyon is an isolated paradise of canyons at the end of Arizona Highway 67. This beautiful highway is a path through a forest of pine and aspens. The vast sub-alpine forest of the Kaibab reaches over into the North Rim where wild flowers burst with color. The North Rim is simply spectacular, but due to the remote location nine out of ten will visit the South Rim instead. Those who vacation in Southern Utah however, are in for a treat because the North Rim is a quick jaunt away for them. The North Rim has it all, mule rides, outstanding views and trails, four wheel drive adventures to some of the best views in the entire Grand Canyon and then there is the charming and rustic Grand Canyon Lodge. The original lodge burned down but was rebuilt in 1937. This National Historic Landmark is a must see. Sitting on the back patio is a favorite of many who visit the North Rim.
Set out early in the morning for the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, located 85 miles from the junction of Highway 9 & Highway 89.
Le Fever view point is an enjoyable stop where you can get out and stretch your legs on the way from Fredonia to the Grand Canyon. From this spot you can see the steps of the Grand Staircase. The North Rim of the Grand Canyon is the lower step and Bryce Canyon and Cedar Breaks are the top risers.
The Kaibab Visitor Center is located at the junction of Arizona Highways 89 and 67. Stop at the visitor center and see the wonderful display on the California Condor and the geological display of the layers (steps and risers) of the Grand Staircase.
Continue down Highway 67 to the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, through the forested and relatively deserted lands of the Kaibab National Forest.
After driving through the entrance station to the Grand Canyon, look for the road to Cape Royal. The Cape Royal Trail is an easy paved path with little elevation change. It is a great hike for everyone in the family.
This is a delightful part of the Cape Royal Trail. There is a nice view of Unkar Delta and the Colorado River from this view point.
After hiking the Cape Royal Trail, back track down the road the way you came in. This time stop at the Roosevelt Point View point. This is a .2 mile round trip that is an easy and relaxing walk through the woodlands.
This trail is only a half-mile round-trip and is located near the Grand Canyon Visitor Center and lodge. The path is a short, flat gravel trail, weaving down to a view point of the canyon.
If you have not visited Zion National Park, head to East Zion and prepare for more Southwest adventures. East Zion is the "Heart of the Parks."
The Kaibab Plateau is the highest of the Grand Canyon plateaus. The elevation on the plateau reaches up to 9,000 ft. From this altitude the view of the Grand Canyon is impressive. This densely forested land, blossoms with life and vegetation flourishes in the cool, highlands. Engelmann and blue spruce, ponderosa pine, white fir, Douglas fir, gambel oak and quaking aspen all thrive in this primitive environment.


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BIG HOUSE was a three day site-specific arts festival that took place over the August bank holiday weekend in 2013. It was Cultural Carnival of arts, music, film and entertainment that filled the magical surroundings of Castletown House and Parklands with over 50 events each day. The event attracted an audience of over 6,000 over the weekend.
Billed as a 'Cultural Carniva'l of arts, music, film and entertainment in the magical surroundings of Castletown House and Parklands, Celbridge. Big House, had a new experience around every corner, whether you were looking for top-drawer culture and entertainment, fab food and drink, or a day-trip with a difference in extraordinary surroundings.
Tea-time theatrics, dancing in the colonnades, rock 'n roll ballroom or trad with a twist, picnic on the lawn as an opera plays out before you, pause by the silver screen, or bathing in the sounds of a classical quartet by the lake. Loosing yourself in a forest full of mechanical birds, or speaking your mind at the Big House Parliament. Visitors came along at lunchtime and stayed until last light at what was Ireland's first site-specific arts festival.
unusual mix of acts in an amazing venue – it was a festival completely unlike any other festival!


Let ArtMovz provide a theme based project to compliment your special occasion or party. Make your engagement party, baby shower, or bachelorette party even more memorable with an entertaining art workshop.
Don't have an idea? Don't worry! Let us provide you with exciting options for your event or special occasion. Our instructors will provide the supplies, set up, and clean up so you can focus on your guests.
Plan a creative bachelorette party that might make you blush. A custom figure drawing workshop with a live male model will make this night with your besties one you won't forget.
When you contact us we will work with you to tailor any project to fit your party. These are just examples to get you started thinking of an amazing art event!
ArtMovz fees includes cost of planning, set-up and clean-up, art project materials and instruction for group, and bags for participants to take home their work. Generally the cost is $25 per person for 1 hour of instruction, or $35 for 1.5 hours with an 8 guest minimum. Want your guests to pay individually? No problem- we can do that!


text:
using System.Linq;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace Umbraco.Tests.Configurations.UmbracoSettings
{
    [TestFixture]
    public class ScheduledTasksElementTests : UmbracoSettingsTests
    {
        [Test]
        public virtual void Tasks()
        {
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.Count() == 2);
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(0).Alias == "test60");
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(0).Log == true);
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(0).Interval == 60);
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(0).Url == "http://localhost/umbraco/test.aspx");
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(1).Alias == "testtest");
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(1).Log == false);
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(1).Interval == 61);
            Assert.IsTrue(SettingsSection.ScheduledTasks.Tasks.ElementAt(1).Url == "http://localhost/umbraco/test1.aspx");
        }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Pop a bottle of wine, clear an half of an hour from distraction, and join me on a wonderful feast for the eyes and ears: a two-part tour of Mongolian folk music.
Instead of embedding all of the videos in one, long page, I decided to use a YouTube playlist. This should make it much easier to sit back and enjoy the music, especially if you are watching this on a TV.
Pop a bottle of wine, clear an half of an hour from distraction, and join me on a wonderful feast for the eyes and ears: a tour of the group Voices of Music.
Pop a bottle of wine, clear an half of an hour from distraction, and join me on a wonderful feast for the eyes and ears: a tour of baroque music and dance.


Note from P-Dub: While I haven't had a chance to photograph the process yet, here's the recipe for my Homemade Turkey Brine in case you need the ingredient list. For now, here's Pastor Ryan, who brings us some Wine Wisdom for Thanksgiving. Take it, Ryan!
So you're hosting a Thanksgiving feast at your home, and you're wondering what the adult beverage field should look like. The obvious choice for a holiday such as this would be wine. Vino. Fruit of the vine.
But you're not sure what to get, right? Wine is intimidating, right? Well, don't fret. We've all been there. You want to offer something nice…you know—something sophisticated. But you're on a budget just like the rest of us, and you don't know what everyone likes. You just want everyone to enjoy themselves. So what do you do?
I AM NOT A WINE PRO. I have no degree in wine snobbery and I'm not going to act like I know what I'm talking about. I've got some experienced tips that I think might help you out this holiday season and I'd love to share them with you—that's all. Enter at your own risk.
1 // Buy Local – Yes, you will spend $1-$2 more for each bottle of wine you purchase. However, by going to a local wine shop (if you've got one, that is; don't worry if not) you will be able to ask questions and get advice on what wines to buy during this season. Your local wine shop will be able to tell you what will work for the crowd you have and they'll be quick to sell you something that's high-quality for your price range. Supermarkets have nothing on the local yokels.
2 // Realize that wine is like salsa – This may sound a little goofy, but most people like to act as if they enjoy their salsa a lot spicier than they really do. The same goes for wines – people want you to think they like the big, full-bodied wines, but in truth…most tend to lean towards the wimpier varieties.
3 // Go higher, then lower – I buy a variety of wines in different price ranges. If I grab some wines in a medium price range – say $15 per bottle, I'll pick up some less expensive wines for later in the evening. After 2 glasses of wine, most people never notice when you've switched them over to a $6 bottle. Save some cash…there's no need to spend just for the sake of spending.
4 // Buy several of the same type – You don't want to buy one bottle of something and run out just as people realize that they like it. Grab a few of the same bottle to keep the peace…you might just get through Uncle Bob's comedy routine with this one.
5 // Riesling and Pinot Noir – These are very safe wine varieties to go with if you aren't familiar with the different wines or if you're not sure what you're crowd will want. Riesling is one of the easiest drinking white wines and it goes with pretty much everything. The same goes for Pinot Noir…this is a great red wine to please the masses. Oh, and you know that whole "white wine with light meats" & "red wines with dark meats" rule? Go ahead and reject that. Drink the wine you enjoy—don't conform to what the world says you have to like.
6 // Don't fear the screw cap – For many years people have considered wines with corks to be far superior to the wines with screw caps. There's just one problem; there are $2 bottles of corked wine out there that taste rotten and $20 bottles of screw cap wine that are wonderful. If you're not looking to keep a bottle of expensive wine in a temperature-controlled environment for years and years, a screw cap bottle of wine is just fine. And it's easier to open.
7 // 20 for whites and 60 for reds – There are many debates out there as to what temperature your wine should be served at. Many will say that a red wine should be served at "room temperature", but in my experience 71 degrees just doesn't taste good. An easy way to get your wines to the right temperature is to chill them in the refrigerator until they are nice and cold. Remove white wines for about 20 minutes or so before serving and they'll be just right. Remove red wines for about 60 minutes or so and they'll be just right.
8 // Don't ice it down, grape it down – Got some slow sippers on your hands or maybe you just want to take things to the next level of awesome? Drop some frozen grapes into the wine to keep it chilled. You would never want to put ice into the wine as it would water it down, but the grapes will do the trick and maintain the integrity of the wine. They taste great at the end of a glass as well.
9 // Go universal with the glass – There is simply no need to buy all those different glasses that Williams-Sonoma is trying to convince you that you need. If you buy a decent set of glasses you'll be set…as long as you're an amateur like me.
10 // 3 and a half – The exact amount of poured glasses in a bottle of wine is pretty well impossible to define. Many standard wine servings suggest 4oz…this would equal 6 glasses of wine per bottle, but this is also a ridiculously small serving. In my experience with family and friends…3 and a half "real-world" glasses are poured from a normal 750ml bottle of wine. Keep this in mind when buying for the group.
Wow! Thanks! That's a lot of useful info. Happy Thanksgiving!
While I don't actually drink, I think these photos are fantastic!
I go as local as possible. My brother makes his own wine and I like it better than lots of the more expensive varieties!
Ummm, sorry not a "wine-y" kind of gal….But great pics!
Fantastic tips!!!!!! Have a great Thanksgiving!
great tips and great photography to match!
I LOVE #3. That is too funny. Have a great Thanksgiving! Thanks for all of the advice!!
I am the queen of cheap wine drinkers, and I have found that one of my favorite wines for turkey (and sipping, and just about everything else) is a nice Pinot Grigio – Yellow Tail makes a good, fruity, not-too-sweet-not-too-dry Grigio for less than ten bucks. The awful pronouce Gerwuertztraminer (sp) can also be nice, lite and yummy. And, since I can't imbibe too much, Martinelli's cranberry-apple sparkling cider is a good "red" to sip.


Put on tender mercies, kindness, humility, meekness, longsuffering; bearing with one another.
At the end of a conference in Nairobi, Kenya, our group traveled from the conference center to a guesthouse to prepare to fly back home the next morning. When we arrived, one person in our group reported that she had forgotten her luggage back at the conference center. After she left to retrieve it, our group leader (always meticulous on detail) criticized her sharply to us in her absence.
The next morning when we arrived at the airport, the leader discovered to his dismay that he too had left his luggage behind. It and his passport were back at the guesthouse. It was now going to cost us even more to go for his baggage. Later, he apologized and said to all of us, "I'll never criticize so harshly again!"
Because we all have faults and weaknesses, we should bear with one another and forgive each other when things go wrong (Colossians 3:13). We need to be constructive in our criticism and "clothe [our]selves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience" (v.12 NIV).
When correction is necessary, it should be done with kindness and love. In that way we become imitators of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Dear God, You know that there are times when I just don't feel patient and humble and gentle. Those days in my life, the fruit of Your Spirit seems in short supply. Please enable me to love others today. Amen.