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Mexican soldiers find 18 bags of human remains in Jalisco
May 18, 2019Associated PressJalisco
Prosecutors say they have found 18 bags of human remains and tools used to dismember bodies at a farm in San Agustín, in the municipality of Tlajomulco, Jalisco, just outside of Lake Chapala. State prosecutors don't have a count of the bodies. Containers found at the farm that could also hold more. Officials said Friday...
Lake Chapala reaches best levels in a decade
October 7, 2018Vallarta Daily NewsJalisco
In Puerto Vallarta, the rains have generated floods, and these, in turn, have cause road chaos, potholes, and accidents. Not to mention the flooding of shopping centers. But in the basin of the Lerma River, the story is different. According to the records of the State Water Commission (CEA), the current storm has taken Lake...
Expats are very satisfied with healthcare in Mexico
April 7, 2018Vallarta Daily NewsHealth & Fitness
How does medical care compare in Mexico with what expats are used to from their home country? In terms of quality, accessibility and affordability, the answer is very good, according to the majority of expatriates contacted for a recent survey on the subject. The medical care they receive in Mexico Health in Mexico: a research...
A hunt for answers as children fall sick around Lake Chapala
December 4, 2017ReutersMexico News
Eduardo Baltazar is the youngest person in the tiny Mexican village of Agua Caliente to have a kidney transplant, undergoing the life-saving surgery a month shy of his 13th birthday. The boy is one of many victims of a health crisis in the western state of Jalisco that environmental experts are linking to water and...
International Living names Puerto Vallarta as a top place to live in Mexico
August 14, 2016Vallarta Daily NewsPuerto Vallarta News, Real Estate
Mexico is not only the nearest destination abroad for U.S. and Canadian expats; it is also one of the most popular. More than a million expats are estimated to live in Mexico full- or part-time… the largest concentration of North American expats anywhere in the world. Of course, it helps that Mexico is also one...
Why retirees are flocking to Mexico (VIDEO REPORT)
July 7, 2015Vallarta Daily NewsPuerto Vallarta News
Transcript GWEN IFILL: Finally tonight, Americans have long crossed the border with Mexico in search of cheaper medical procedures, dental work and prescription drugs. Now a new trend is afoot: finding a place to live out retirement years. Special correspondent Kathleen McCleery has the story, part of our occasional series about long-term care. KATHLEEN...
New US State Department Travel Warning Increases Alert in Jalisco
May 5, 2015Vallarta Daily NewsPuerto Vallarta News
The US State Department has updated their warning for US Citizens traveling in Mexico. Due to last week's events throughout the state, the US Government has issued stronger warnings. [box type="shadow" align="" class="" width=""]Jalisco: Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, and Lake Chapala are major cities/travel destinations in Jalisco – Exercise caution throughout the state, particularly in rural...
Hundreds of Thousands of Fish Mysteriously Dying in One Jalisco Lake
September 1, 2014Vallarta Daily NewsMexico News
Hundreds of thousands of fish have been washed up on the shores of Lake Cajititlan in the Mexican state of Jalisco over the past week. Almost 50 tonnes of dead popoche chub freshwater fish have been removed from the lake. The local authorities said it was part of a "natural cycle" but state officials said...


GO faster kit is being prepared ready for the Studley Wheelbarrow race on Sunday, August 26.
Raising money for Studley Fast Responders, the fun starts at 12.30pm from The Bell on Alcester Road.
The event takes competitors around all the pubs in the village before returning back The Bell where there will be a DJ, karaoke, food by local firm Bespoke Butchers and a raffle groaning with prizes.
Entry is £20 per wheelbarrow and there are cash prizes of £100 for the faster male, female and mixed barrows, plus additional non-cash prizes for best fancy dress / decorated barrow.
Sponsored by Studley engineering company Ricor, entry forms are available from The Bell.


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Home / About / History
Select...About IWRWelcome from the DirectorMission and VisionLeadershipHistoryTechnical CentersVisiting ScholarsPartnerships
Maass-White Reference Room
Search Maass-White LIbrary
The Institute for Water Resources (IWR) was established by the USACE Chief of Engineers in 1969 with the approval of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees and the Subcommittees on Public Works in order "to enhance the capability of the Corps of Engineers to develop and manage the Nation's water resources, within the scope of the Corps' responsibilities, by developing essential improvements in planning to be responsive to the changing concerns of our society."
View the IWR timeline from 1969-2009 here.
Historical Vignettes
Office of Appalachian Studies (1960s)
Susquehanna Communication-Participation Study (1970s)
McClellan-Kerr Study (1970s)
1978 Water Conservation Study (1970s)
National Hydroelectric Power Resources Study
National Waterways Study (1970s)
Installation-Compatible Use Zone Program (1980s)
Risk Analysis Research Program (1980s)
National Drought Study (1980s)
Devil's Lake, ND Flood Mitigation Analysis (1990s)
NexGen Software Development Program (1990s, 2000s)
Economic Impacts of Climate Change Program (1990s)
National Wetlands Mitigation Banking Study (1990s)
Federal Infrastructure Study (1990s)
Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Study (1990s, 2000s)
Operations and Maintenance Business Information Link (OMBIL) (1990s, 2000s)
Planning Improvement Task Force (2000s)
Maass-White Visiting Scholar Program (2000s)
Sustainable Rivers Project (2000s)
Civil Works Strategic Plan (2000s)
IPET and HPDC Investigations (2000s)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Library installation using compiler I have been writing C++ code snippets sporadically to speed things up in R via Rcpp, but now I would like to do more using Armadillo library, but I am having trouble installing it.
The README file instructs to create a location for "include" folder and tell your compiler to use that location for header files  (in addition to the locations it uses already).
If I save the "include" folder into C:\Users\me\Documents\ARMADILLO, then how do I instruct the compiler to use the appropriate location?
After some search, I tries typing into command line the following (after prompt: C:\Users\me>):
g++ Documents\ARMADILLO\include, but it did not work ("permission denied"). I hence wonder how this should be done.
Moreover, the README file finally instructs to:  Configure your compiler to link with LAPACK and BLAS - I would very much appreciate an advice how this should be done as well.
Thanks a lot!
PS: I have Windows 7 and VS Express 2013 for Desktop.

A: Visual Studio uses solutions which are containers of projects. Each project has a settings page (right click the project in the Solution Explorer window). Under "Configuration properties" there's a VC++ Directories page, which in turn lists "Include Directories". Append ;C:\Users\me\Documents\ARMADILLO
BTW, I find it useful to put such libs under C:\libs\. Saves on path length.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Calls pour in to U.S. Attorney to end Grand Jury
By Joe Iosbaker |
One caller after another asked for the Duty Clerk at the U.S. Attorney's office in Chicago, Dec. 9. The paralegal politely told a woman caller, "We're getting all of these comments to Patrick Fitzgerald so that he knows where the people stand on this issue."
The 'issue' is the witch hunt being carried out against anti-war and solidarity activists. For over two months, the FBI and U.S. Attorney's office have been on an offensive that has resulted in raids of seven homes and an office and subpoenas for 19 people across the Midwest.
In the past week alone, five new subpoenas were delivered in Chicago, all to young people. Three went to a Jewish American woman and two Palestinian American women who travelled together to Palestine last summer. The other two went to more Palestinian Americans.
The call-in to U.S. Attorney Fitzgerald's office was called by the Committee to Stop FBI Repression (CSFR), the national group formed to organize resistance to this wave of attacks.
Stephanie Weiner, one of the people subpoenaed to appear before the grand jury, said, "According to a friend who called Fitzgerald's office, the clerk reported that phones started ringing as soon as the office opened this morning."
To respond to the government's adding five persons to the lists of those subpoenaed this week, CSFR wanted a strong showing for their call in. Reports indicate they achieved that.


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January 15, 2020 DR. NYARKO HONOURED AT THE 2020 AFRICAN QUALITY AWARDS
January 15, 2020 Samini shows off his vast Pineapple farmSamini shows off his vast Pineapple farm
January 15, 2020 Kan Dapaah is a 'slay king'; but resignation isn't an option – Section of Ghanaians react to leaked video
January 15, 2020 Black Stars: CK Akonnor, five options to replace Kwasi Appiah
January 15, 2020 Amin Lamptey questions CK Akonnor's Black Stars appointment
January 15, 2020 GFA president Kurt Okraku gets CAF appointment
January 15, 2020 I'll gladly accept to be Mahama's running mate – Kojo Bonsu
January 15, 2020 Video: Student records lecturer threatening to fail her in a course over sex
January 15, 2020 Ghana ranks 1st in Africa, 4th globally in latest Global Retail Development Index
January 15, 2020 The NDC made a fundamental mistake electing Hannah Bissiw as their National Women's Organizer.
We should be ashamed by Ghana Card failures – Mahama Ayariga
by Mr Kelly Brown
The MP for Bawku Central, Mahama Ayariga says there is no excuse for the country's inability to complete the national identification process.
"It is something that is long overdue, and in this day and age, Ghana regrettably should be ashamed of itself; that it is struggling to identify its nationals and issue them some documents that testify to this identity," he remarked on The Big Issue.
The MP's comments follow the fifth false start by the National Identification Authority as it looked to begin the registration and instant issuance of the Ghana Card. Other comparable countries have been able to roll out a national identification system that Mr Ayariga feels is not beyond Ghana.
"Unfortunately, Ghana, since independence, has not done that and we have no excuse for not doing that," he stated.
He also acknowledged the failures of his National Democratic Congress (NDC) government's on this front.
"I think that it's regrettable that we never did that writing eight years. It's not difficult. Why should we take years to do it?"
Possible sabotage
In his take on the matter, IMANI Africa President Franklin Cudjoe said he suspected some foul play.
"I do not have any proof, but I am tempted to believe that in this whole thing about starting and false starting, there may be some sabotage going on," he said on The Big Issue.
Mr Cudjoe did not think the CEO of the NIA, Professor Ken Attafuah, would make definite pronouncements if he wasn't sure the Authority was ready.
The Ghana Card registration again failed to launch on Monday despite the NIA's assurances.
$1.2b for Ghana card is 'fraud'; give me only $50m and I'll deliver it – Ken Agyapong
The three arms of government, former heads of state, journalists and security officials were to be the first to be issued cards before registration opened to the general public.
The NIA has apologised to the Presidency and other institutions for its inability to issue the Ghana Card.
According to the NIA, it was unable to start the registration and issuance of the card as announced due to "technical difficulties."
In a statement, the NIA said it would outline the challenges it faced in due course.
Monday's failure marked it the fifth time the NIA's has missed an announced deadline.
About The Autor
Mr Kelly Brown
Breaking News Gh is one of the most renowned online news magazine in Africa and the world as a whole with over 1 million+ clicks per day. We only feed our readers with credible source of information educating both the learned and unlearned
DR. NYARKO HONOURED AT THE 2020 AFRICAN QUALITY AWARDS
Samini shows off his vast Pineapple farmSamini shows off his...
Kan Dapaah is a 'slay king'; but resignation isn't an...
© COPYRIGHT 2020 Breaking News Gh


text:
René Dekkers (Antuérpia, 27 de novembro de 1909 - Antuérpia, 22 de outubro de 1976) foi um advogado belga. É geralmente considerado um dos maiores advogados belgas de língua holandesa do século XX. Ele foi particularmente ativo no direito civil, no direito comparado e na história do direito.

Biografia
René Dekkers nasceu na Antuérpia em 29 de novembro de 1909, onde estudou no Royal Atheneum. Estudou direito na Universidade Livre de Bruxelas (ULB) e graduou-se em 1932. Em 1936, foi nomeado professor do curso de Direito Romano da mesma universidade.

Em 1946, Dekkers foi nomeado professor de direito Romano na Universidade de Ghent. Em 1956, suas atribuições foram estendidas ao direito civil e direito processual civil. Também lecionou em filosofia jurídica e direito comparado em Ghent e Bruxelas.

Dekkers foi nomeado reitor da Faculdade de Direito de Ghent em 1958, cargo que ocuparia até 1966. De 1966 a 1970, foi reitor da Universidade de Lubumbashi (Congo-Quinxassa). Dekkers morreu na Antuérpia em 22 de outubro de 1976, aos 66 anos.

Trabalho
O trabalho de Dekkers na área do direito civil teve uma influência principal tanto na doutrina jurídica Belga como na jurisprudência do país. Sua primeira publicação importante foi Biblioteca Belgica Juridica (1951), seguida por Le droit privé des peuples (1953). No auge de sua carreira acadêmica, Dekkers escreveu, sozinho, à mão, e em francês, seu Précis de droit civil Belge (1954-56). Também escreveu à mão, porém em holandês, o Handboek Burgerlijk Recht entre 1956 e 1958. Dekkers queria fornecer a seus alunos e os advogados em geral, um manual teórico e confiável para a aplicação do direito civil. Ambos foram considerados sucessos nesse aspecto, uma vez que tanto o Handboek como o Précis foram editados e lançados novamente em 1971. Sua contribuição mais importante é, sem dúvida, seu Manual de Direito Civil (publicado entre 1956 e 1958), um resumo em três partes, em língua holandesa, do Traité élémentaire de droit civil belge, de seu professor Henri De Page. Dekkers também fez uma grande contribuição para a criação do Traité de De Page.

Honras
 1948: Membro da Academia Real Flamenga de Ciências e Artes da Bélgica, Classe de Artes.
 1949: Membro estrangeiro da Sociedade de Literatura Holandesa, Leiden.
 1969: Doutorado honorário da Universidade de Groningen.

Publicações Selecionadas
 La fiction juridique. Étude de droit romain et de droit comparé, 1935
 Het humanisme en de rechtswetenschap in de Nederlanden, 1938
 Traité élémentaire de droit civil belge, deel IV - X-2 (als medewerker van Henri De Page)
 Bibliotheca Belgica juridica, 1951
 Le droit privé des peuples, 1953
 Handboek Burgerlijk Recht (Précis de droit civil belge), 3 dln., 1956-58

 Anuário da Sociedade de Literatura Holandesa 1981, Leiden, 1981, p. 122-128.

Leitura Complementar
 Raoul C. VAN CAENEGEM, Legal historians I have known: a personal memoir, in: Rechtsgeschichte, Zeitschrift des Max-Planck-Instituts für europäische Rechtsgeschichte, 2010, blz. 253-299.

Reitores

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


January 3, 2011 - Honda Aircraft Company announced that it has successfully completed the first flight of its FAA-conforming HondaJet advanced light business jet. The event is a significant step in Honda's aerospace program leading to delivery of aircraft in 2012.
The first conforming HondaJet lifted off, December 20, 2010, at 15:31 EST from Honda Aircraft Company's world headquarters facility at the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, North Carolina.
The HondaJet remained aloft for 51 minutes, during which time the aircraft's flight characteristics and performance were analyzed and systems checks were conducted.
Various test data gathered during the flight were transmitted real-time to Honda's flight test telemetry operations base within the company's world headquarters facility. "This is a very important milestone for the HondaJet program," said Michimasa Fujino, Honda Aircraft Company President and CEO.
"This aircraft was assembled and tested under strict FAA certification processes, and we are very pleased to have achieved this successful first flight. Our team has worked extremely hard to reach this critical step in the HondaJet program, and these results reflect Honda's focus and determination to develop a class-leading aircraft."
To support the company's certification program, Honda has completed its second FAA-conforming aircraft, which already has undergone numerous structural tests required for commencement of certification flight testing. Honda also has completed mating of main assemblies for its third FAA-conforming aircraft, which is now in the systems installation phase of completion.
This third conforming aircraft, to be used mainly for mechanical systems flight testing, is scheduled to be completed in early 2011. A total of five FAA-conforming aircraft, including one additional flight test aircraft and one additional structural test aircraft, are planned to support the HondaJet certification program.
The production HondaJet flight deck features a Honda-customized Garmin? G3000 next-generation all-glass avionics system incorporating a class-leading layout with three 14-inch landscape-format displays and dual touch-screen controllers for overall avionics control and flight plan entries. The HondaJet Avionics Suite is the most advanced glass flight deck available in any light business jet and provides state-of-the-art integrated avionics functionality featuring split screen MFD capability, satellite weather, graphical synoptics, digital audio, and optional Synthetic Vision.


text:
Speeches, Interviews & Other Statements
Complete list of 8,000+ Thatcher statements & texts of many of them
Essential Margaret Thatcher
MT: online exhibition
Pre-PM
PM (1979-90)
US sources
1983 May 24 Tu
TV Interview for BBC1 Nationwide (On the Spot)
Speeches, interviews, etc.
Document kind:
TV Interview
BBC Television Studios, Lime Grove, London
Thatcher Archive: BBC transcript
Journalist:
Sue Lawley, BBC, chairing
Editorial comments:
On the Spot was broadcast live. MT arrived at the studios at 1745 and took questions from viewers in BBC studios around the country 1825-1900. She returned to No.10 at 1915.
Importance ranking:
Conservatism, Defence (arms control), Defence (Falklands War, 1982), Economy (general discussions), Employment, Industry, General Elections, Public spending & borrowing, Taxation, Law & order, Religion & morality, Social security & welfare, Voluntary sector & charity, Famous statements by MT
Sue Lawley (SL)
Good evening. 'Nationwide' tonight: as the General Election campaign gathers momertum, we have the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, in our studio, to answer your questions.
For the next 35 minutes we'll be inviting viewers around the country to put Mrs. Thatcher 'on the spot', as we call it. We've been asking for questions over the past two weeks, since the election was declared, and the points our questioners will be making reflect the main areas of concern that you've indicated to us as this General Election approaches—points on unemployment, taxation, pensions, the Falklands question, the arms race, our police, and our Health Service.
But we start with Janet Blair from Exeter, who has a question on a topic that Mrs. Thatcher has mentioned many times in the past 12 months. Mrs. Janet Blair, your question please.
Janet Blair (JB)
Yes. You have expressed an approval for 'Victorian values'. Victorian times create for me images of child labour, unemancipated women, rigid class barriers, almost impossible poverty traps, and a variety of frigid morality which rejected fun and generally helped to maintain the status quo.
Now, I'd like to know why you're so attracted to the values of these times?
Mrs. Thatcher?
Rt. Hon. Margaret Thatcher, MP (MT)
I think you have mixed up, if I might respectfully say so, some of the conditions with some of the values.
In fact, during Victorian times, as you know, conditions improved—that was the great … improvement in industry, the great expansion in industry which gave us a chance to have a rising standard of living. And almost every school, when I was Secretary of State for Education, that we were replacing used to be a school that had been given by voluntary effort in Victorian times. So too the hospitals. So too even the prisons.
It was time when you had great self-reliance, you lived within your income, great integrity, great duty, a great increase in empire, and a great increase in self-confidence [end p1] as a nation. Yes, they were very difficult and dark days, but the fact was that we were creating the extra wealth with which to improve those conditions, and that time was the greatest time of improvement that we've seen for a long time.
Mrs. Thatcher, at the end of the Victorian period, if you look at the proportions of people in relation to the distribution of wealth … You say that things were improving during the Victorian period; at the end of the Victorian period there were nearly 40 million poor people and less than four million people who might be described as being comfortably off.
It has to be said, Mrs. Thatcher, that a lot of people who wrote into us on this point—and there were quite a few—did feel that perhaps your summoning up the virtues of the Victorian times were perhaps an excuse for reducing the welfare state, which is what I think Mrs. Blair is getting at.
That's absolute nonsense. What I'm getting at is I think many of those values would stand us in very good stead now; living within your income, thrift, self-reliance, personal responsibility, the spirit of voluntary effort. All of those things were very characteristic of Victorian times, and I think we could do with more of those now.
But there was a tremendous spirit of voluntary effort during those times and it was then that we were creating the resources to improve the very conditions of which you speak. And, my goodness, they were improved and they needed to be.
A quick last go, Mrs. Blair.
Well, I think that perhaps it's a misunderstanding of cause and effect if Mrs. Thatcher thinks that by imposing these values in some way that she can create the greatness which she referred to, the great power that Britain was in Victorian times.
They are not values you impose. You either believe in them or you don't. You either believe in self-reliance and in duty to others …
No, I don't think they're peculiarly Victorian. Those values are around now, actually. The implication is that people do not recognise or practice those values now, and I feel that is a little insulting.
I would agree with you—they're not peculiarly Victorian. They are eternal truths, and I would be very happy to call them that.
Let's leave it there and move on to what we've called 'Unemployment and the Economy', which is, obviously, quite a vast area. [end p2]
Let's start off with Mr. Andrew Richard (phon), who's in our Manchester studio. He's 28 years old and he is a lecturer. Mr. Richard, your question?
Andrew Richard (AR)
Well, my question for Mrs. Thatcher is this: how has she the audacity to go into an election reaffirming economic policies that have brought so much unemployment to this country?
She talks about national prosperity and the create of real jobs. There's little sign of this, in fact. I think that what we need to be doing for true national prosperity, what we need to be doing is fully utilising the labour force of this country. That, obviously, means getting rid of unemployment, and especially the unemployment of our polytechnic and university graduates. What is Mrs. Thatcher's response to this, please?
Mr. Richard, just let me ask you briefly before Mrs. Thatcher replies: are you unemployed?
I was unemployed for 15 months following graduation. I've now got a temporary appointment at a polytechnic, and, quite clearly, unemployment is something that I'm very concerned about.
Right Mrs. Thatcher.
Yes, Mr. Richard, I would be the first to want to get rid of unemployment. So would every politician of every party and, I believe, every human being. But we don't do it just by talking, as if it could be done at a stroke. We can only get rid of unemployment by producing goods and services that the housewives and employed people of this country will purchase.
And they have a wide choice to choose from. At the moment there is a very, very great demand for goods and services, and not all of it's being filled by what we produce here. We have to get industry efficient and have well-designed goods and services. You're in the public sector, so am I. We rely on the prosperity of those industries and services and we rely on, therefore, them producing effective goods efficiently.
Mr. Richard, would you like to come back on that?
Well, yes, I'd like to say that, you know, decimating the economy is not a good way of making it efficient. I think starving the cow won't bring us any benefits whatsoever. In fact, I would like to say that Mrs. Thatcher's policies are not only morally bankrupt, they're actually a blatant lie because what she is suggesting is that her policies will lead this country to greater prosperity in the future. Obviously this is not the case.
And a second point I would really like to make is this … [end p3]
Quickly, if you will.
… Yes, right, O.K., that effective leadership of this country demands that the leader shows a degree of humility. That is a basic quality of all successful leaders. I doubt whether Mrs. Thatcher can successfully lead this country for the next four or five years.
Mrs. Thatcher.
Do you think you show a degree of humility, Mr. Richard?
Oh, yes, I showed a great degree of humility to my students, who are studying for their exams at the moment and are now facing life on the dole following completion of their examinations.
Let me come to what you said. You said "decimating the economy". Getting inflation down isn't decimating the economy, it's making certain that people's savings still keep their value. The contrary is having a dishonest policy and deliberately plundering the value of people's savings. Getting interest rates down isn't decimating the economy. Reducing severely the National Insurance Surcharge on industry and so getting its costs down isn't decimating the economy. Helping small businesses to start isn't decimating it. Getting a lot of extra money for research into technology in the partnership between university, polytechnics, industry, and government isn't decimating it. Having the biggest training scheme we've ever had isn't decimating in, Mr. Richards.
Look at those things dispassionately. Every single one of those things is a strategy far jobs. You and I can't just sit down and design something that will sell, but by doing those things and creating those conditions we make it easier for some people who can. And I remind us both—in all humility—that you and I, both being in the public sector, depend on the prosperity of industry and commerce.
Mr. Richards, a quick last word from you, 'cause I want to move on and broaden the discussion.
Well, I would finally say that if inflation is the problem, it is a problem for those people who have to survive on meagre unemployment benefit as a result of Margaret Thatcher's policies.
Let me bring in, then, a vicar, in fact, the Reverend David Horne (phon), from Handsworth Wood in Birmingham. Can we have your question on this subject, Mr. Horne.
Rev. David Horne (DH)
Good evening, Prime Minister, and I must say, not a vicar, merely a curate.
You might well be a vicar one day!
But I'd like to ask, Prime Minister: your government, as I understand it, has embarked on a programme [end p4] of national economic recovery, and I want to ask to what extent you see that as able to be successful, inasmuch as less attention is paid to issues of social justice and issues of incentives for those not only on good money but those on poor money.
What issues of social justice do you mean, Mr. Horne? Can we just clarify the question?
Well, I'm thinking of … I'm basically concerned with issues of dignity and people's power and control of their own lives, the ability to hold their heads up in the marketplace in terms of the money they have to spend and the freedom they have to spend it.
But you have in mind, obviously, the unemployed to a great extent?
Well, I'm thinking of the interrelations, really, of benefit and of taxation, as much as anything.
Can I, now I know what you want, can I try to answer? The 23½ million people in work obviously have to provide for the pensioners, for the sick, for the unemployed, and for us all who are on the public sector. So we rely on them, the goods and services they produce. So if ever we're to have a very thriving public sector and do everything we want there—in pensions, National Health Service, and for the disabled—we can only do it if we have a thriving industry and commerce. So everything, I'm afraid, comes back to that.
Now, I would say that during this, the most severe recession we've had since the 1930s—which is a world recession, because we've got 26 million unemployed in the OECD countries—during that I think this government has a very good record indeed on the social services. For example, on the pensioners, we've kept the pensions ahead of rising prices, we haven't delayed increases. Now, for example, in France and Germany they've delayed their increases for five or six months …
We've got someone, Mrs. Thatcher, who's going to pick you up on that very point in a minute …
Yes, indeed, but please … No, please, I must answer him. We've kept pensions ahead of prices. We've actually spent more on the National Health Service, even taking prices into account. In Great Britain we've got 56,000 more nurses and nearly 7,000 more doctors in the National Health Service. We have spent more on the disabled, we've tax-relieved some of the mobility disabled allowances, tax-relieved war widows' pensions, we've given a widow's bereavement allowance for the first time. And all of this during a very tough world recession. [end p5] Indeed, you go through one thing after another and you'll find that we have made it our duty and our pride to lock after those who've been ill-served by a recession.
Mr. Horne, does that convince you?
Well, no, not entirely, because those are issues of some of the most vulnerable, and I think that is well made. The difficulty has been, as I see it, that at a time, as it were, when the economic cakes got smaller, it's the very rich who've had pay rises in terms of paying less tax, and if you include National Insurance it's those on the lowest wages who've actually paid less. Those getting, between '79 and '82, those receiving £850 a week or chereabouts, five times the national income, have had a pay increase of £58 a week, less tax.
Indeed, Mrs. Thatcher, we had a lot of letters from people who feel that you have not offered the support in terms of taxation for the family that you said you would. And I would quite like to draw your attention to one specific case, from Mrs. S. Clark from Ipswich in Suffolk—a very moving letter, actually. She says her husband lost his job two years ago; she and he have gradually watched all that they put into their lives eroded in the past year; they can't afford to replace or repay their house—indeed, she says, it would pay her husband and her to separate because they would get more from supplementary benefits if they did that. "It is no longer true that two can live as cheaply as one. Does Mrs. Thatcher understand this kind of degradation?'
Yes, of course I understand difficulties—you wouldn't be human if you didn't. Of course one understands what it feels like if, all of a sudden, you become redundant and can't find a job. And there are three million people whom one would wish to have jobs, and there are 26 million people in the OECD countries.
But the kind of things that I have described in answer to an earlier question are the kinds of things which will make it easier to bring new business and new industry into being, so we get new jobs and new products here.
With regard to those who you said are the poorest, there are some people who are very low income earners, and I think it's better, myself, that they should work because it's much better to have the dignity of bringing some wages home at the end of the week than to be on social security. For those, we have specially increased what is called the Family Incomes Supplement, so that they have that to make up their wages to a reasonable income, and we've increased that more than inflation. From next November we've increased the amount for the child benefit to an all-time high—that will be £6.50 per child … . and also all of those an average earnings are now better off in terms of net take-home pay than they were. So we have tried to look after those. [end p6] Can I just say a word about those on higher incomes?
Briefly, because I've got to move on.
Yes, indeed, but you see each person is asking so many.
Indeed, but in … (inaudible) …
I had the impression that you didn't like it that we'd taken down the top rate of tax on earnings from 83 pence in the pound to 60 pence in the pound.
Yes, we did do that. We need the most successful, most brilliant managers here, people who can start new businesses, and the people who can create new products in the new science-based industries. I need them here. There's a market for them all over the world. What we have not had here is sufficient good management in the last ten years. If we're to thrive, I must keep those people here. And I believe that they too had a right to be treated reasonably as far as tax is concerned.
Mr. Horne, make it very brief.
But Prime Minister, that incentive is the nub of my concern, because I'm not convinced that incentives are only important for the very rich. I have just had a nearly £100 a month pay increase. I'm on FIS (phon). I kept £28 of that when tax and insurance was off it, and that's before my FIS is adjusted, which it will be in February …
(inaudible discussion of meaning of FIS—Family Incomes Supplement)
… and you can see that more and more of us are in a poverty trap. Now, if I was on piece rates, there's no incentive there.
… Mrs. Thatcher, and this is very typical of a lot of the letters we've had, which is: why should you have given anything at all to the rich, whether you altered their tax threshold at all, as long as there were the poor and the needy people like Mr. Horne and Mrs. Clark?
Look, to give something to the rich does not, in fact, cost very much. But let me come back to the question—I'll deal with the other aspect of it in a moment. If we're to get more industry, if it's to flourish, I must have those who can create jobs. You and I are not job-creators. I've got to have people who can create new business, new jobs—that's absolutely vital. I must keep them here and they must be good managers.
Now, we have in fact, actually increased the tax allowances, that is, the amount that is tax-free. They're up by 5 or 5 per cent—6 per cent, actually—over and above inflation. [end p7] We've increased them. The last government didn't. We've actually taken down the standard rate of tax, income tax, from 33 per cent to 30. We have done those things.
Yes, we would like to go further, but please may I put this to you as well: everyone wants to do two things simultaneously. Increase expenditure and reduce tax! I cannot do both things, and what we have to try to do is to be fair to all groups of people. Every time we put up benefits … we're on a 'Pay as you go' scheme. What is paid out in pensions and unemployment and sickeness benefit this year has to come in in National Insurance contributions and taxation. Therefore we have to watch the benefits to people who need it and the burden on the working population, all of whom have to pay it. Well, on average earnings, after income tax people are better off than they were. And, as I say, we've taken down the standard rate of income tax and put up income tax allowances.
Yes, I want to do more. We've got to create the wealth first, and for that I've got to keep the most talented wealth-creators here.
I'm going to move on, much as Mr. Horne still looks very worried. Sorry, Mr. Horne—Love to stay with you.
Let's go to Mrs. Diana Gould in our Bristol studio. Mrs. Gould, your question, please?
Diana Gould (DG)
Mrs. Thatcher, why, when the Belgrano, the Argentinian battleship, was outside the exclusion zone and actually sailing away from the Falklands, why did you give the orders to sink it?
But it was not sailing away from the Falklands. It was in an area which was a danger to our ships and to our people on them.
Outside the exclusion zone!
But it was in an area which we had warned … at the end of April we had given warnings that all ships in those areas, if they represented a danger to our ships, were vulnerable. When it was sunk that ship, which we had found, was a danger to our ships. My duty was to look after our troops, our ships, our navy. And, my goodness me, I lived with many, many anxious days and nights.
Mrs. Thatcher, you started your answer by saying it was not sailing away from the Falklands. It was on a bearing of 280 and it was already west of the Falklands, so I'm sorry but I cannot see how you can say it was not sailing away from the Falklands when it was sunk.
When it was sunk it was a danger to our ships.
No, but you have just said at the beginning of your answer that it was not sailing away from the Falklands, and I'm asking you to correct that statement. [end p8]
Yes, but it was in an area outside the exclusion zone, which I think is what you are saying is 'sailing away'.
We're arguing about which way it was facing at the time.
It was a danger to our ships.
Mrs. Thatcher, I am saying that it was on a bearing 280, which is a bearing just north of west. It was already west of the Falklands and therefore nobody with any imagination can put it sailing other than away from the Falklands.
Mrs. … . I'm sorry, I've forgot your name——
Mrs. Gould.
Mrs. Gould, when orders were given to sink it and when it was sunk it was in an area which was a danger to our ships. Now, you accept that, do you?
Well, I'm sorry, it was. You must accept that when we gave the order, when we changed the rules which enabled them to sink Belgrano, the change of rules had been notified at the end of April. It was all published, that any ships that were a danger to ours within a certain zone, wider than the Falklands, were likely to be sunk.
And again I do say to you my duty—and I'm very proud that we put it this way and adhered to it—was to protect the lives of the people in our ships and the enormous numbers of troops that we had down there waiting for landings. I put that duty first, and when the Belgrano was sunk—and I ask you to accept this—she was in a position which was a danger to our navy.
Mrs. Gould, let me ask you this, Mrs. Gould. What motive are you seeking to attach to Mrs. Thatcher and her government in this? Is it inefficiency? Lack of communication? Or is it a desire for action, a desire for war?
It is a desire for action and a lack of communications, because giving those orders to sink the Belgrano when it was actually sailing away from our fleet and away from the Falklands was, in effect, sabotaging any possibility of any peace plan succeeding. And Mrs. Thatcher had 14 hours in which to consider the Peruvian peace plan that was being put forward to her, in which—those 14 hours—those orders could have been … (inaudible) …
One day all of the facts, in about 30 year's time, will [end p9] be published …
That is not good enough, Mrs. Thatcher. We need …
Would you please let me answer!
Let Mrs. Thatcher answer. I think you've put a fair point.
Would you please let me answer. I lived with the responsibility for a very long time. I answered the question giving the facts—not anyone's opinions, but the facts.
Those Peruvian peace proposals, which were only in outline, did not reach London until after the attack on the Belgrano. That is fact. I'm sorry, that is fact, and I am going to finish. They did not reach London until after the attack on the Belgrano.
Moreover, we went on negotiating for another fortnight after that attacked. I think it could only be in Britain that a Prime Minister was accused of sinking an enemy ship that was a danger to our navy when my main motive was to protect the boys in our navy. That was my main motive and I'm very proud of it.
One day all the facts will be revealed, and they will indicate as I have said.
Mrs. Gould, have you got a new point to make, otherwise I must move on?
Just one point. I understood that the Peruvian peace plans, on a Nationwide programme, were discussed on midnight, May 1st. If that outline did not reach London for another 14 hours, I think there must be something very seriously wrong with our communications—and we are living in a nuclear age when we're going to have minutes to make decisions, not hours.
I have indicated what the facts are. And would you accept that I am in a position to know exactly when they reached London, exactly when the attack was made. I repeat: the job of a Prime Minister is to protect the lives of our boys or our ships. And I'm proud of it, 'cause that's what I did.
Let's move on to discuss that nuclear age, Mrs. Thatcher, if we can, because we've got a lot of questions on defence, as you might imagine.
Let me bring in Miss Julia Banwell (phon) from Herne Bay, Julia Banwell, your question please.
Julia Banwell (JB)
Mrs. Thatcher, because of the ever-increasing arms race, many people are very scared about the possibility of nuclear war. How will your policies relating to nuclear weapons help to lessen this fear? [end p10]
Because nuclear weapons are kept as a deterrent. And if you look about the world, where we have had nuclear weapons as a deterrent between the two big powers, we've had peace, in fact, for 38 years, because nuclear weapons are part of the balance between Nato and the Warsaw Fact countries. And peace to me, with freedom and justice, not at the expense of freedom, peace with freedom and justice to me is the greatest prize of all.
Where we've not had them, alas, there have been some 140 conflicts with conventional weapons. Don't think conventional weapons are comfortable or easy. They kill large numbers of people. We've had two terrible wars with them, and those conventional wars have killed some ten million people. But nuclear weapons have deterred not only nuclear war—it is what Winston calls a 'balance of terror'—but also conventional war in Europe. And I am not willing to put that great price of peace at risk.
Miss Banwell, do you accept the deterrent argument?
Well, whether it's true or not that the nuclear deterrent has kept the peace in Europe, I think that we've changed now from the old strategy of deterrents to a counterforce strategy, a war-fighting strategy. Why is it that we need so many nuclear weapons? Why do we need such an enormous overkill capacity? You can only kill somebody once, and once they're dead it doesn't matter how many times their corpse is blown to pieces!
And why do nuclear weapons have to be so accurate? If a missile is aimed at a city and it lands half a mile off its target it'll still destroy that city. But now we're moving towards such accuracy and such enormous overkill, and the only reason I can see for that is that we need this capacity so that we can strike at the Soviet missiles in their siloes before the Russians have a chance to use them.
To go back to the first point, there, that Miss Banwell made, Mrs. Thatcher, a lot of letters said that, that there's a lot of talk about reducing arms; there is only action, as in the coming of Cruise, to increase them.
With all due respect, that is not so. But you put up so many questions, this is the trouble, I'll just have to try to answer them.
The purpose of nuclear weapons is the strongest deterrent that there is, and if we were unilaterally—just one-sidedly—to abandon nuclear weapons, we should leave them in the hards of our Sworn Enemies, enemies who didn't hesitate to roll into Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Afghanistan and deprive other people of their freedom. If we had no deterrent to deter them from attacking us, then if they threatened us and we had no nuclear weapons, we simply couldn't fight them because, in fact they could use that nuclear weapon on us very easily. [end p11]
Can I come back, because I have not answered all the questions? Therefore it is deterrence, and, in fact, it has deterred for 38 years. Don't forget, between World War One and World War Two there are only 22 years, only 22 years. We've been very fortunate in having 33 years of peace, and the policy has, in fact, kept that peace.
Now, the greater accuracy. The SS20s are a modernised version of the intermediate nuclear weapons. They are very accurate. The Cruise missile is modernising the present nuclear bombs which are stationed in this country. They're not extra—as some go in others will be taken out. They're modernising. Again, they deter.
We have put forward—the whole of Nato has put forward and the United States has put forward—proposals for disarmament. Don't accuse as of not putting forward proposals for disarmament. We've said …
… (inaudible) …
… Well, I rather thought that Miss Lawley said that a number of people said that. We said "Look, if you take down the SS20s we need have no Cruise or Pershings". Now, that is disarmament on both sides, no nuclear weapons of that class.
With regard to the very large missiles, it was suggested that they are taken down by a third—that was President Reagan. He's not yet had an adequate response.
But don't forget, we did disarm in one sphere in this country: we, in fact destroyed all our stockpile of chemical weapons. We did it in a one-sided way. Now, we hope, perhaps, that the Soviet Union might do the same thing. Far from it: She goes on building up her stockpile of chemicals, so one-sided disarmament did not, in tact, work there.
Please value the peace we've had for 38 years. It is the greatest price of all.
Mrs. Thatcher, I didn't mention anything about unilateral disarmament. The question I asked you was why we have to have so many! And you just brought up the question of Cruise missiles—Cruise missiles would be able to carry conventional, chemical, or nuclear warheads. The Russians will not know which warheads are on which missiles. Verification would be impossible. Without verification you cannot have agreement, without agreement you cannot have multilateral disarmament.
Let me ask Mrs. Thatcher to answer you very quickly, as quickly as she can. And I know it's difficult. Mrs. Thatcher, the nub of the question is: why so many, Mrs. Thatcher? [end p12]
Because in fact the Soviet Union has so many and as far as we are concerned here, we are not having very many. On both Polaris and Trident, we're down to the irreducable minimum to deter. We have only 4 submarines we can only rely on one being on station at any one time and that is the irreducable minimum still to deter. On the Cruise Missile a comparatively small number coming here and of course they take the place of nuclear weapons. We are only too anxious to negotiate on disarmament. I do not believe myself that Andropov will negotiate seriously, as long as he believes that by his propaganda he can try to persuade people in this country to give up nuclear weapons but at the same time allowing him to keep all his. And I do suggest that many people who put this point to me would be better off addressing their points, their efforts in trying to persuade the Soviet Union not to go on putting so many extra nuclear weapons into place, because that is exactly what they have been doing a thousand SS20 warheads, 600 of which are targeted on Europe.
Right I want to move on. Let me bring in Bill Sykes from Crawley in Sussex. Mr. Sykes, your question please?
Bill Sykes
5 years ago, Mrs. Sally Oppenheim said if the purchase in power of the pensioners' Christmas bonus is to be maintained it should be £20. Last year, Lord … . said that it needed to be about £35. It is still only £10 in spite of the TV licence increase of £21. Which mollifies the Christmas bonus and leaves the pensioner £11 worse off.
What's the question Mr. Sykes—do you want more money?
How can you call yourself a caring government when you treat the pensioners so shabbily?
Mrs. Thatcher can now ask for a brief answer on this one?
Yes, I will give a brief answer. First on your weekly pension, the weekly pension has gone up more than prices have gone up. Your last increase under the last government was in November 1978, prices have risen since then by 61%;.
Mrs. Thatcher, I'm talking about the Christmas bonus … .
… . 68%;. We have paid a Christmas bonus, each and every year we've been in office—yes, it has only been £10. You did not get a Christmas bonus even of £10 for two years when Labour was in Office they don't pay it at all.
… . pensioners' bonus from £5 to £10.
You do not get a Christmas bonus for two years during the lifetime of the last Labour Government, they paid you nothing at all in respect of two years.
Do you remember that Mr. Sykes in 1975 and '76? [end p13]
We have paid one each year. It is on top of the National Insurance Pension. Again, money that goes out has to be Let by money that comes in, this time from the tax-payer. And we have felt that having kept the pension well ahead of prices, and it will still be well ahead of prices this November, we could not actually ask the tax-payer to pay more to add to the Christmas bonus.
I am talking about the Christmas bonus Mrs. Thatcher … .?
Yes, I have just answered about the Christmas bonus.
No you haven't you've avoided the question. We're £11 worse off because of the increase in the TV licence from £25 to £46.
May I repeat, the television licence you'd expect to come in the normal cost of living and it does come in the normal Retail Price Index and we have infact, kept the pension ahead of prices, the weekly pension.
An increase of £21 a year to me and I only get £10 Christmas bonus, I'm £11 worse off.
Yes and if you say how much your pension has gone up since November 1972.
A percentage and a percentage of nothing is still nothing.
I'm sorry, but the facts show the pension has gone up by 68%; and prices have gone up by 61%;, those are facts. On the Christmas bonus, you're right, it is still at £10, it is paid for by the tax-payer. We have paid that £10 through the tax-payer's money. Each and every year whereas Labour didn't. I cannot enter into a public auction at this Election. That public auction is with the money paid through tax and National Insurance Contributions of the working population. There are now some 600,000 more pensioners than there were when we came in.
You still call yourself a caring government?
I can only care with the money of other people and the money of other people, I do ask you has in fact provided a bigger pension than the rise in prices. And I think that during the time of a world-wide recession to have done that and to have spent more on the National Health Service and more on the disabled people, is a very, very good record both for government and for the burden which the 23½ million people who are in work, have to bear.
Mrs. Thatcher, Mr. Sykes, can we leave that one there and come to our final subject of the evening from Mr. Paul Wheeler from Taunton in Somerset, who I'm told to tell you Mrs. Thatcher has an eye infection which is why he has got … .
I'm sorry, I do hope it gets better. [end p14]
Mr. Wheeler, your question please.
Paul Wheeler
Mrs. Thatcher, when you were elected to Office in 1979 you promised to take action to improve law and order. But, despite the measures which you have implemented, crime figures have continued to rise. In the light of this, what further action would you take if you return for a second term?
Before you answer that Mrs. Thatcher, let me just ask you Mr. Wheeler if you were Home Secretary what would you do about it?
Well the first thing I would do would be to hold a referendum on the introduction of the death penalty.
With regard to what we have done about it as you know. We have paid police just exactly what the Edmand Davis Committee proposed and we have now got in England, 9,000 more policemen and they are properly equipped, and we've put more of them back on the beat. Now it takes a time to find them and to train them to get them on the beat and to see the improvement of doing that. But in fact I'm afraid you're right, crime has gone up and in good times and in bad, although the effect of putting the policemen back on the beat and having more of them and giving them extra powers is showing some benefit in Inner Cities. Now with regard to your referendum on hanging, I think I know what the result of a referendum on the death penalty would be. I believe that the majority of the people in this country who would vote, would vote for the restoration of the death penalty. I too would do that, and have always done so when it has come up in Parliament because I believe that there are some people who go out with guns or weapons determined to shoot their way out if anyone sees them committing a crime. There would not do that if they felt that they might pay the penalty if they were found cut. I answer in that capacity as a person, not as Leader of the Conservative Party because it is always a personal vote.
It is an enormously important point and that is reflected in the fact that we have an enormous number of letters about it. If I can just short-circuit the whole system. I'm sorry Mr. Wheeler can I just ask you. Will there be a free vote in the next Parliament … .
Oh indeed yes there is a free vote in every Parliament.
And how fervent is your hope that there will be a return of capital punishment if that free vote is held?
I believe that a return to capital punishment would deter some people who go out to do violent crime which leads to murder.
Mrs. Thatcher and everyone around the country, thank you all very much indeed for being with us this evening. On Thursday Mr. Foot will be with me. On the Spot.
Copyright © Margaret Thatcher Foundation 2020. All Rights Reserved.


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How did companies facing a make-or-break 2019 do?
0 of Chip Somodevilla/Getty
The verdict on 15 faltering firms
At the beginning of 2019 we highlighted 15 troubled companies grappling with a number of challenges that were weighing heavily on their respective share prices, from legal setbacks, scandal fallout and strike action, to sagging revenues and shrinking profits, amid the backdrop of an intensifying US-China trade dispute, Brexit uncertainty, evolving markets and slowing global growth. So, how have these firms fared so far this year? Click through the gallery to find out.
1 of John Gress Media Inc/Shutterstock
General Motors – hitting speed bumps as it strives to recover
Back in early January General Motors was gearing up for a major cost-cutting drive, which has translated in 2019 to a rash of factory closures and lay-offs of thousands of employees. These economies together with booming sales of pickup trucks and crossovers in North America have made for better-than-expected results for Q1, Q2 and Q3.
2 of Jeff Kowalsky/AFP/Getty
Still, the auto giant isn't out of the woods just yet. Sales of its vehicles in China have plummeted, while a 40-day strike by staff affiliated with the United Auto Workers Union has cost the company an estimated $1 billion ($773m) for that quarter, with the overall cost expected to reach around $4 billion (£3bn). These factors go some way to explaining the GM share price, which has gone up and down like a yo-yo this year, though it's currently up 17% compared to the beginning of January.
3 of Hector Retamal/AFP/Getty
Huawei – getting a boost from flourishing sales in China
The controversial Chinese telecoms company, which has been accused by the US government of facilitating cyberespionage via its development of 5G networks, had a bad start to 2019, having pulled out of the American market. To date, the enterprise has been banned from participating in 5G networks in the US, Australia, New Zealand and Japan, and faces potential bans or restrictions in Canada, India, Vietnam and some European nations.
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Nevertheless, Huawei has managed to turn the West's hostility into a distinct advantage at home. Buoyed on by strong support from Chinese consumers who clearly see it as their patriotic duty to splurge on Huawei products, the telecoms titan reported 66% annual growth in the third quarter of this year and has eclipsed rivals like Apple on its home turf.
Find out more about Huawei and why the Chinese tech titan is so controversial
Facebook – trying to move on from its annus horribilis
Facebook had a nightmarish 2018. The social media behemoth faced a storm of criticism last year when it was revealed that British political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica had harvested personal data from millions of profiles. The fallout has continued into 2019 as regulators have lined up to sue the company for its role in the scandal. Facebook was hit with a record $5 billion fine from the Federal Trade Commission in July this year over the platform's privacy issues.
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Adding to its woes, the company is struggling to develop Libra, its dedicated cryptocurrency, and recently lost several high-profile partners. In spite of all these setbacks, Facebook reported healthier-than-anticipated results for Q1, Q2 and Q3, advertisers are still flocking to the company and monthly users increased by 2% in the third quarter, while the firm's share price has surged 47% since the start of January.
Facebook's 15-year timeline and the staggering numbers behind its success
7 of Philippe Lopez/AFP/Getty
Air France-KLM – contending with soaring fuel prices
Air France-KLM was plagued by a succession of strikes last year that resulted in months of disruption, millions of euros of losses and the resignation of the group's CEO. The industrial action came to end in October after new head honcho Ben Smith reached a deal with union bosses, but the airline's problems didn't end there.
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Rising fuel prices dented the company's profits in Q1 and Q3, though Air France-KLM reported an increase in profits for the second quarter and passenger numbers and revenues have been growing throughout the year. This is reflected in the company's share price, which is up 13.7% since the start of January.
9 of Oliver Berg/DPA/AFP
RWE – powering ahead with its green transformation
RWE had a tough 2018 as the German power company began to get the ball rolling on phasing out its coal power plants, but hit a stumbling block when a court blocked a major lignite mining project in the 12,000-year-old Hambach Forest (activist Greta Thunberg is shown here attending a protest against the project). The company is in the process of transforming from a polluting fossil fuel-focussed business to one based on renewable energy that aims to be carbon neutral by 2040.
10 of Courtesy E.ON
The transformation gained steam in September when RWE, which was bolstered by positive first half-year results, completed its acquisition of E.ON and Innogy's renewables concerns, making it Europe's third-largest renewable energy provider. The deal has worked wonders on the company share price, which has risen by 43.8% since the beginning of January.
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Deutsche Bank – struggling to revive the business
Germany's flagship bank was in dire straits at the start of year. Its cost-cutting initiatives were failing to bear fruit and the financial institution was coping with the fallout resulting from its alleged involvement in a number of money-laundering and tax evasion schemes, which culminated in a police raid of its Frankfurt HQ in late 2018. The bank, however, did post its first full-year net profit since 2014.
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In July Deutsche Bank embarked on a major "radical" restructuring plan, which entails the shutting down of its global equities trading arm and the axing of around 20% of its workforce – around 18,000 workers – by 2022. The project has eaten into the company's bottom line and losses are mounting up, impacting on profits. It could be some time yet before the bank gets back on track and this is evident in its share price, which is down 7.7% since early January.
13 of Willy Barton/Shutterstock
GlaxoSmithKline – enjoying a stellar 2019
GlaxoSmithKline shares took a hit at the end of the last year after the British pharmaceuticals giant announced that it would buy US cancer drugmaker Tesaro for a hefty $5.1 billion (£4bn), a move that didn't go down too well at all with investors who complained that the deal was overpriced. News of the deal saw GlaxoSmithKline's shares drop 8%, which was the largest daily fall in a decade.
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Fortunately, the firm has managed to turn lemons into lemonade in 2019 beating analysts' expectations for earnings for all three quarters reported so far this year and reporting its biggest profit in six years thanks to bumper sales of its shingles vaccine and other drug treatments. As might be expected, the company share price is on fire, having recently hit a six-year high, and is up 17.4% since early January.
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Tata Motors – on the road to recovery slowly but surely
At the beginning of the year Indian car maker Tata Motors was battling with everything from sluggish sales in China, decreased diesel demand and even the threat of a hard Brexit. These issues were impacting severely on the performance of its Jaguar Land Rover subsidiary, and battering overall profits as well as the company's share price. Analysts were predicting that as many as 5,000 workers would lose their jobs.
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Jaguar Land Rover reported a painful pre-tax loss during the first quarter of 2019, tanking the Tata Motors share price. Thankfully, things are now looking up. Results for Q2 were better than expected based on improvements in the performance of Jaguar Land Rover, and Tata Motors stock has since been on an upward trajectory. In fact, the share price, which nosedived in July, has recovered impressively of late, though it's up by just 0.9% compared to early January. And the company is looking to the future, announcing its first electric car for personal consumers, as well as entering into a partnership with Lithium Urban Technologies, India's largest electric car provider.
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Ford – shifting gears to steer its way out of trouble
Following its poor performance during Q4 2018, Ford defied Wall Street's expectations in the first quarter of 2019, posting improved profit margins on the back of strong truck and utility vehicle sales in North America (mirroring rival General Motors in this respect), which inflated the US auto company's share price by 7%.
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The second and third quarters of 2019 however have been marred by $11 billion (£8.5bn)-worth of restructuring, rising warranty and incentive costs, slowing sales in China and costs resulting from a joint venture with India's Mahindra. Be that as it may, the firm's major shake-up could potentially pay dividends, so it isn't all doom and gloom. Plus, the Ford share price has increased by 12.5% compared to early January.
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EDF – experiencing a meltdown
Last year was a difficult one for EDF but 2019 is proving to be even more challenging. In 2018 the French power company, which is majority state-owned, was Europe's largest utility firm by market cap. It has since been taken over by Italy's Enel, RWE, and others. The business's problems are numerous.
20 of Lou Benoist/AFP via Getty
Construction costs for its new nuclear Flamanville plant in northern France have tripled, and the project is already seven years late. Costs to build other reactors have also ballooned and maintenance costs are spiralling for the firm's existing plants, which have been beset by issues including wielding anomalies, forcing the closure of several. EDF's electricity network is in desperate need of an expensive upgrade while much-needed restructuring has been delayed. Unsurprisingly, EDF stock is down 34% compared to early January.
21 of Mohd Rasfan/AFP via Getty
Goldman Sachs – having a mixed year
Goldman Sachs continues to weather the multibillion-dollar Malaysian 1MDB scandal, which it became embroiled in back in 2013. Charges have been filed against 17 current and former directors while the Malaysian government recently rejected Goldman's compensation offer of just under $2 billion (£1.6bn). Aside from the scandal, which refuses to go away, the company is having a mixed year.
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Results in the first and second quarters of this year were better than anticipated but the investment bank fell short of Wall street estimates during the third quarter of the year mainly due to its holdings in poorly performing companies such as Uber, Tradeweb and Avantor. Confidence in new CEO David Solomon is strong however, and the company share price is up a very respectable 26.4% since early January.
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Bayer – lumbered with Monsanto's (alleged) poisoned chalice
Bayer acquired the much-loathed agrochemical firm Monsanto last year for $63 billion (£48.7bn) and inherited its problems to boot, including the slew of lawsuits surrounding the company's glyphosate-based weedkiller Roundup, which is allegedly causes cancer. To date, 42,700 plaintiffs are suing Bayer, impacting on the firm's bottom line and reputation in a significant way.
Read more about Monsanto and the people that took big companies to court and won
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While Bayer's revenues rose in the third quarter as a result of a successful restructuring programme and strong performance in the company's pharmaceuticals and crop science divisions, overall profits are down 60% compared to the same period in 2018. Bayer stock has performed fairly well considering with the share price up 14.9% since early January.
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Sears – fighting to stay in business
After a disastrous 2018 during which the ailing US retailer filed for bankrupt protection, shuttered hundreds more stores and suffered the humiliation of being delisted from the Nasdaq exchange, Sears has been fighting to stay in business in 2019. Sales declined 11.9% during the first quarter and fell by 3.9% in the second.
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Yet it's not all bad news. Sears emerged from bankruptcy in May and is currently working to reinvent itself as a more modest retailer based around smaller format stores and link-ups with the likes of Amazon. Nonetheless, the company share price at the time of writing is an embarrassing 25 cents compared to 47 cents at the start of the year, and is down from the heady heights of $42.95 in May 2015.
Read about the most disastrous takeovers of all time
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BT – enduring profit-eroding costs
The accounting scandal in BT's Italian unit that was exposed in 2017 remains a major headache for the British telecoms firm with prosecutors in Milan recently pressing for the division along with three former executives to be brought to trial. On another note, the company is presently engaged in a wide-ranging restructuring programme in a bid to cut overheads.
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The restructuring plan, which has met with union resistance, involves the shedding of 13,000 jobs, as well as the closure of 90% of BT's UK offices. Though the cost-cutting programme is saving money, profits for the six-month period ending in September were unimpressive with BT blaming 5G spectrum fees, content costs, investment in fibre optic broadband, and more for the dip. Needless to say, the BT share price is down 15.3% since the start of 2019.
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Tesco – triumphing against the odds
The threat of a no-deal Brexit, increased competition from budget retailers such as Aldi and Lidl, and a drop in consumer spending were the major threats facing British supermarket chain Tesco in 2019. Much to the relief of investors, the company has enjoyed a decent 10 months based on the latest half-year results, which were released in early October.
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Profits are up 12.6% and net debt has fallen. Much of the credit for the turnaround goes to outgoing chief executive Dave Lewis who oversaw Tesco's takeover of supplier Booker in 2017 and the rollout of budget chain Jack's, the firm's answer to the likes of Aldi and Lidl. Lewis, however, resigned in October stating that he felt that the turnaround plan he implemented in 2014 wsa now "complete". Tesco's successful year is mirrored in its share price, which has grown by 24.2% since early January.
Now discover the big bosses who profited when their businesses were going under


"Why do child care centers close even when there is a demand for services? A child care operator from Norton, who for the past 18 months has been running a centre with her sister, serving children from up to 40 km away, said: "Not a day goes by that it's not at the back of my head, what am I doing here, why do I do this everyday? We work 60-hour weeks, until 5 months ago we paid ourselves nothing, we still don't pay ourselves a whole heck of a lot... I have government regulations that yes, I need and I would never do this unlicensed, but I spend I don't know how many hours a day on paperwork, but we're so small, we don't have time for paperwork, because we're so rural..."
She says they stay in the business because of the children they enjoy working with and the parents they feel they are helping, "but between the $5,000 a year for transportation and assistance, and battling or competing with local babysitters..."
Sussex by the Advisory Council on the Status of Women, Sept. 25, 2003.


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News Writing, Visual Editing and Experimenmting with the Operations of 3 CCD Cameras, Computers, Photo shop, Pagemaker etc.
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ACTIVIST & DAINIK HINDI SHREE INDIA, DAINIK NAVKARMYUG PRAKASHAN.
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