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Why values can not be replaced with their extensionally equal values in an intensional system?
Thomas Streicher states in Investigations into Intensional Type Theory(§Introduction p.5) that:
Although in Intensional constructive set theory (Intensional Type Theory) one can do most of the things one wants to do... certain theorems simply do not hold due to the lack of extensionality. A typical example is that from $t\in B a$ and $p\in Id A ab$ one is not allowed t conclude that $t\in Bb$ where $A$ is a type and $B$ is a family of types indexed over $A$.(But of course one is allowed to infer $t\in Bb$ from $t\in Ba$ and $a=b\in A$ !)
An almost similar thin is mentioned in Definition of extensional and propositional equality in Martin-Lof extensional type theory :
The (Id-DefEq) means that extensional equality is baked into the type system: if you have a type constructor 𝑇:((𝑥:𝑈)→𝑉)→𝖲𝖾𝗍 then you can use a value of type 𝑇 𝑓 in a context expecting 𝑇 𝑔 if 𝑓 and 𝑔 map equal inputs to equal outputs. Again this is not true in an intensional system, where 𝑓 and 𝑔 might be incompatible if they're syntactically different.
Why is that? Isn't it that two functions that are producing exactly same output for their inputs, equal? So why can't one be replaced with another in a context? What makes definitionally equal functions eligible to be replaced with each other, but not the extensionally equal ones?
type-theory dependent-types equality
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We don't always want extentionality
In mathematics, a function is a relation between its inputs and its output. Two functions are equal if and only if they map the same outputs to the same inputs. But in computer science, we're often interested in descriptions of computations which we also call "functions", where it matters how the outputs are calculated from the inputs. When we describe a computation in different ways, we want to have a way to distinguish between them.
There are different reasonable definitions of what it means for expressions to be equal (I discussed this a bit in a previous answer). Definitional equality, where two expressions are equal if they can be rewritten to each other, is one of the most fundamental ones. But even it is too coarse for some uses: if you rewrite an expression to one that calculates the same value but in a more efficient way, it's certainly equivalent in some sense (we don't want optimizing compilers to transform our programs into programs that don't do the same thing), but it's also not equivalent in some sense (if we use an optimizing compiler, it's because it does make some useful difference).
Intuitively speaking, definitional equality captures equivalence between functions (in the computer science term) that only requires knowledge of how computation works, and not of what objects they manipulate. A precise formalization of what this means would be very dependent on the details of the calculs, so let me explain that through an example. Suppose you model the integers as follows: $$ \begin{align} \mathtt{N} &::= \mathtt{0} \;\mid\; \mathtt{S} \: (x:\mathtt{N}) \\ \mathtt{Z} &::= (\mathord{\mathtt{+}} \mid \mathord{\mathtt{-}}) \; (x:\mathtt{N}) \\ \end{align} $$ That is, a natural integer is either 0 or the successor of a natural integer, and a signed integer is a sign (- or +) and a natural integer. This is a common representation of integers which is convenient for many proofs, and convenient if slow for many computations. Suppose you have a function that returns an element of $\mathtt{Z}$. We might like to say that it doesn't matter whether the function returns +0 or -0 for a given input, since +0 and -0 both represent the same integer $0$. But +0 and -0 are distinct objects. The equality on the implementation type $\mathtt{Z}$ is finer than the equality on the intended denotational semantics in $\mathbb{Z}$. In mathematical terms, equality of denotations induces an equivalence on the implementations that is not equality. This extends to functions that manipulate such objects: you get a coarser equivalence if you allow switching between equivalent representations than if you don't.
Likewise, definitional equality on functions means that these mathematical functions are implemented by the same object (up to computation). It is finer than extensional equality.
Extensionality is independent of some theories
In many theories, extensional equality is not built in. You can have a perfectly fine theory, useful for many things, where it is impossible to prove that $f = g$ even though it's possible to prove that $\forall x, f(x) = g(x)$.
For example, in the calculus of inductive constructions, or in Coq which is built upon it, it's impossible to prove Streicher's K or functional extensionality. They can be added as axioms without making the logic inconsistent, and you may want to do that for certain developments, but you don't get them from the core theory. Streicher's axiom K is implied by the law of excluded middle (but functional extensionality isn't), but excluded middle is not always desirable.
Properties like the law of excluded middle and extensional equality of functions go against constructive logic, where you don't just know that things are true, you actually have a proof of them. Constructive logic maps well to computations via the Curry-Howard correspondence. The law of excluded middle doesn't have nice a compuational analog. In intuitionistic logic, if you have a proof of $A \vee B$, you can either get a proof of $A$ or a proof of $B$; the computational interpretation is that you have an discriminated union of A and B, and you look at the tag to see whether it's an A or a B. But in classical logic, given a proof of $A \vee B$, you don't necessarily know which one it is; so on the computation side, you have to make a non-deterministic choice between A and B.
Extensionality is inconsistent with some theories
Sure, you can add Streicher's axiom K or extensionality of functions to Coq. But axioms that are admissible in isolation may be inconsistent if you add them together. There's a diagram of what implies what in the Coq FAQ, showing that impredicative Set plus the law of excluded middle plus the axiom of unique choice is inconsistent (but I think that any two is consistent). I don't know which sets of "reasonable-looking" axioms are compatible with K or with functional extensionality.
Streicher's axiom K is in particular inconsistent with the univalence axiom which is a cornerstone of homotopy type theory. This means that for example you can't directly model HoTT in Idris, since K is derivable from Idris's pattern matching. I don't understand this theory well enough to give an intuitive explanation for this inconsistency.
Supposing we have $a$ and $b$ of type $A$ and $p : \mathrm{Id}_A(a,b)$, there simply is not any rule of type theory that would allow you to replace $b$ with $a$ arbitrarily. So one answer is "because type theory does not let you do that", and if you think that it can be done, please show me how. But I suppose that is a non-answer, what you really are asking is why is type theory designed in such a strange way.
There are many ways to understand equality. Students of mathematics are typically taught only one, namely the equality arising from set theory and classical mathematics. This kind of equality is very intuitive and easily understood. But as you learn more mathematics, you begin to understand that sometimes two objects are not really equal, but are "kind of equal". For example, they could be isomorphic, or connected by a path. So it makes sense to look for other explanations of equality that capture the idea of a more "relaxed" equality.
In mathematics it makes a lot of sense to say that functions are equal if they produce the same outputs, but this is not so in computer science. For example, if functions $f$ and $g$ produce the same outputs, but one is much faster than the other, then it is useless for a computer scientist to consider them equal.
Type theory is a formal system which allows us to express these ideas. The identity type $\mathrm{Id}_A(a,b)$ is not necessarily the "true equality" (the only one that a student of classical mathematics knows about, and therefore calls it "true") of $a$ and $b$, it could be one of these other notions of equality that you learn about when you study homotopy theory and computer science.
For instance, one way to undertand $p : \mathrm{Id}_A(a,b)$ is to say that $p$ is some sort of a "path" from $a$ to $b$. That is, $a$ and $b$ are not "really equal", but there is a way to get from $a$ to $b$. And so, if $P :A \to \mathrm{Type}$, we certainly would not expect $P a$ and $P b$ to be "exactly the same", but rather that "there is a way to get from $P a$ to $P b$". Indeed, this goes under name transport and it follows from the rules for the identity type: given $p : \mathrm{Id}_A(a,b)$, there is a isomorphism of types $\mathrm{transport}_p : P a \to P b$.
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Police are responding to fatal crash – Babakin
Search underway for man missing in Brisbane River, near Kholo Creek
Chemists resolve a long-standing challenging problem on Metal-Metal interaction
Police charge man after vehicle shot and set alight – South Windsor
Man's body recovered from Colo River
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June 2, 2020 10:02 am AESTDate Time
Former Hobart restaurant operator penalised
2 June 20202
The Fair Work Ombudsman has secured a total of $100,000 in penalties in the Federal Circuit Court after four employees were underpaid at a Turkish restaurant in Tasmania.
The Court has penalised Oya Waechter, who formerly owned and operated Anatolia Restaurant in North Hobart, $78,000 for underpaying the workers a total of $32,411.
Her husband, Peter Waechter, has been penalised $22,000 for his involvement in some breaches, including pay slip failures, while his wife owned the restaurant.
The Fair Work Ombudsman discovered the underpayments in 2016 when it commenced an investigation following a request for assistance from the workers. The regulator started action in 2017.
Between February 2015 and June 2016, wages were often paid late, or not at all, and amounts that were paid often did not reflect hours worked. This led to a significant underpayment of minimum wage rates, overtime rates, casual loadings and penalty rates for weekend and public holiday work owed under the Restaurant Industry Award 2010.
Affected workers included a waiter and an adult apprentice cook from Australia, a food-and-beverage attendant from Malaysia and a kitchen attendant from Pakistan.
Fair Work Ombudsman Sandra Parker urged businesses to check their workplace compliance.
"The exploitation of vulnerable workers is unacceptable – whether they be international students, young workers or apprentices of any age. Every worker in Australia is entitled to minimum wages and entitlements regardless of age or nationality," Ms Parker said.
"These penalties should serve as a warning to all employers to ensure that they are paying their workers correctly and issue accurate pay slips. Any employees with concerns about their wages or entitlements should contact the Fair Work Ombudsman."
Most of the underpayments relate to the Malaysian student who was short-changed $24,800 over 12 months. The Pakistani worker received only 10 per cent of his wages.
Judge Grant Riethmuller said the respondents' actions were "deliberate", and that they "must have simply ignored their obligations".
"In this matter there has been significant exploitation of employees who for the most part, were never paid," Judge Riethmuller said.
His Honour said the failure to provide the workers pay slips was a "serious contravention" of the Fair Work Act that "significantly disempowers employees".
The Court previously ordered Ms Waechter to back-pay all outstanding wages, with 98 per cent of underpayments remaining unpaid. The restaurant ceased trading in late 2016.
Tags:Australia, fair work, Fair Work Act, Federal, Hobart, industry, international student, investigation, Malaysia, minimum wage, Ombudsman, penalty rates, restaurant, students, Tasmania, Tassie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Microsoft plans to donate "$1 billion of cloud computing resources over the next 3 years to serve the public good" (from this official blog post).
The Microsoft philanthropies page says Azure is "coming soon" but there's a trick you can use to get this NOW!
Scroll to the bottom of that page and click "Get Started", there's an article here with instructions and pictures of the rest of the process.


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Inspirational Woman Interview: Linda Lin
Linda Lin is a junior at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is pursuing a B.A. in Art History with a Minor in Consumer Psychology. Originally from Beijing, Linda is the Founder and President of Women in Art Initiative, a student-run nonprofit that advocates for gender equality in the visual arts through hosting public events, conducting interviews with artists and art professionals, and social media advocacy. On campus, Linda previously served as Director of External Relations at Seneca International, an organization that advocates for the civil, economic, and human rights of women and also served as Research Analyst on the Gender Lens Investing Project at the Wharton Social Impact Initiative.
You are the Founder of Women in Art Initiative, an organization that advocates for gender equality in the arts. What inspired you to found the Women in Art Initiative?
Linda Lin: I had the idea of combining my interests in both art and feminism while I was applying for college. I initially wanted to start an initiative after graduation but since my school is pretty supportive of these creative efforts, Women in Art Initiative was launched my freshman spring. Women in Art Initiative was inspired by Guerrilla Girls, an activist feminist art collective starting in the 1980s that targeted the art world's gender equality balance and engaged in protests and meaningful work. I was inspired by them to do a college-based student group that also promotes gender equality in the visual arts. I just hope to do something to make people aware and also promote contemporary women artists in the area and around the world through social media.
What have been the biggest challenges you've faced leading the Women in Art Initiative?
Linda Lin: The process of starting Women in Art Initiative was pretty easy and smooth; I publicized the call for members through email lists, art clubs and other organizations. We organized events, interviews and marketing campaigns. I'd say the biggest challenge with leading Women in Art Initiative involves retaining people; even though many students are interested in this issue, they have many academic, professional and extracurricular commitments and it is hard to keep people continuously involved. I always think of other work I can do to keep people more engaged and attached to the Women in Art Initiative and also for them to get something out of their work with Women in Art Initiative. We always have new members but I hope we can have members who stay.
Another challenge is getting men involved – which is a similar challenge faced by many women's empowerment organizations. It is also hard to get people who are not necessarily interested in women and feminism to be plugged into our work. We hope not to be too niche in a way that alienates students.
What are some aspects regarding the representation of women and/or gender in the arts that you find most troubling?
Linda Lin: I think the most relevant example would be the portrayal of nudity in art. It's a very complicated issue because different artists have different intentions in presenting female beauty; some artists want to portray female beauty when painting nudes and some want to just spark controversy. I think it's very much in the eye of the beholder and how audiences interpret nudity that matters. Of course, there are many male artists who depict women nude, but there are also many female artists who seek to portray themselves or other females as nude – these cases are different as they are of the same gender and you risk objectifying your own gender from other people's perspectives. Different artworks have their own complexities.
I'm also concerned about the new trend of female artists who self-objectify in their work. They portray themselves very sexually out of their own agency so you could argue that they are creating these images in an 'empowering' way. However, if audiences don't know that these women artists intend to portray themselves in an empowering way, and see these representations as purely sexually objectifying images, this might perpetuate gender bias and female stereotyping. It's very complicated.
What are some of your biggest concerns with the way women are portrayed in mainstream media?
Linda Lin: The beauty standards are troubling; the way we see images of women and men is distorted. Somehow, society has constructed our beauty of women as very slim. Yet, as we look back on history, there have been places like the Tang Dynasty in China where the standard of beauty valued women looking voluptuous. Marketers are using specific strategies to promote consumer products that fit today's beauty standards, ranging from cosmetics to clothing to accessories. I think it's so problematic that women aren't aware of this and that they're conforming to a standard that probably limits their freedom to express and feel good about themselves. Largely, this standard is in the eye of the male.
From your experiences, what are some main differences you've noticed about artistic representations in Eastern and Western art?
Linda Lin: The general impression of Eastern women is that they are traditional and conservative; women were painted in a way that fulfilled these stereotypes. Now that we are in a globalized age and lots of new information is transmitted across time and space, there is a smaller gap in terms of artistic depiction between East and West. I don't think you can say that women painted by Eastern artists now will necessarily conform to the delicate, traditional model in pre-modern art. To a larger extent, it's historically and culturally constructed.
Linda Lin: Women's empowerment matters to me because it ensures a better and equal world. If you can change the world on a larger scale, you can start with yourself and be aware of the current inequalities and how in your daily practice you contribute or conform to those stereotypes and biases. Women's empowerment is important because it encourages you to achieve to the best of your potential and also try to influence others to make a better world.
In your opinion, what needs to change to ensure full gender equality among artists?
Linda Lin: Something has to be done on an institutional and structural level. For example, many of the exhibitions in museums are of male artists and only a few comprise works by women artists. I think one of the reasons why this is happening is because the museum has a system where the board of overseers sponsoring the exhibitions are making these curatorial and strategic decisions. If we want to promote women artists, we have to start from a top-down approach and influence these decision-makers because they have the main say in what shows they want to do in the future. Even though there is a lot of press coverage of women artists in recent years in terms of gallery representation and museum exhibitions, it is still relatively male-dominated. I think the decision-makers and top-level leaders should be aware of this problem and put effort through developing a fund for women artists' shows or starting an initiative that focuses on women artists and underrepresented artists, like artists of color and gender non-forming artists, to do something that promotes their work and make them visible.
Linda Lin: Mom and my grandma are role models for me. They are both very independent and they support themselves with strong personalities. They really know how to overcome problems and difficulties.
What are your favorite books, websites, films and resources focused on women's empowerment, social impact and/or the arts?
Linda Lin: There is a very famous article within the art history field called "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" published by a very accomplished feminist art scholar named Linda Nochlin, who really set the foundation for feminist art scholarship. There was a show called Women Artists: 1550-1950 that rediscovered many of the women artists in the past. There's also a documentary called Women Art Revolution (WAR) and I saw it a few years ago; it covered the feminist art movement in the 1960s with interviews with women artists, art professionals and art historians. In terms of media platforms, HuffPost Women and UN Women provide great resources and I think following their Facebook pages are very helpful in keeping yourself within the conversation.
Posted in Inspirational WomenTagged Body image, Entrepreneurship, Media depictions of womenLeave a comment
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Jerome Flynn 'changed forever' after meeting child soldiers in South Sudan
April 1 2019, 11.00am
Jerome Flynn (PA)
Game Of Thrones star Jerome Flynn has said he is "changed forever" after meeting child soldiers and other children affected by the civil war in South Sudan.
The actor met former child soldiers and their families, and displaced children who fled their homes because of violence, during a recent fact-finding trip organised by World Vision.
He said their stories were sometimes "almost too painful to bear".
"Children told me about unimaginable horrors they had seen and experienced," said Flynn, who is an ambassador for the international charity.
"Some children were kidnapped by armed groups and forced to fight and kill and watch other children get killed for not keeping up.
"Others fled torched homes and villages and sought refuge in camps for displaced people, with little food and no education.
"Many lost mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters and were forced to make choices no child should have to make, just to survive."
At least 400,000 people have been killed in South Sudan since civil war broke out in the East African country five years ago. More than 19,000 children have been conscripted into various armed groups.
"I met families torn apart because of the conflict and talked to parents who had sons and daughters snatched from them," said Flynn.
"At times I found their stories of what they had to endure almost too painful to bear.
"Yet I also saw hope in a country ripped apart by war.
"Dedicated World Vision aid workers are helping desperate families stitch their lives together amid the chaos.
"I was blown away by the resilience of the children, humbled by their spirit, and inspired by their determination to find happiness.
"I saw how war costs children their innocence but does not always destroy their childhoods.
"The bravery of the children I met will stay with me forever."
The organisation said full-blown conflict is likely to flare up again in South Sudan unless a national army of government and rebel forces is formed by May 12.
Flynn said: "South Sudan's latest peace deal is on a short fuse and the situation is desperate.
"Help is needed urgently to protect children from further violence.
"Sadly, there are thousands of children across the world who need support right now.
"Please give generously to help them."
The star's trip formed part of World Vision's Made For More appeal for funds to protect the world's most vulnerable children.
Son of prominent South Korean defector moves to North Korea
Sophie travels to Lebanon to meet Syrian women and child refugees
Mayor of New York enters fray for Democratic nomination for White House
Dundee International Women's Centre at 50: Meet the women breaking down the barriers at a 'home from home'


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Scholar Alumni
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Global Fellow Jacqueline O'Neill Appointed as Canada's Women, Peace and Security Ambassador
WASHINGTON – The Wilson Center's Canada Institute is pleased to announce the appointment of its Global Fellow, Jacqueline O'Neill, as Canada's first Ambassador for Women, Peace and Security.
Says Canada Institute Director Laura Dawson: "I congratulate the Prime Minister on this stellar appointment. This is truly an example of the right person in the right job at the right time. The appointment of Jacqueline O'Neill elevates Canada's global commitment to advancing the role of women in peace and security and protecting girls and women who face violence and insecurity."
Ambassador O'Neill is a career security professional, who has helped to support the development of national security strategies in more than 30 countries. She has been a leading proponent for women, peace and security in such organizations as NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the United Nations.
Prior to her appointment, O'Neill advised the Government of Canada on its Women, Peace, and Security National Action Plans. As President of the Institute for Inclusive Security, O'Neill supported coalitions of women leaders in Colombia, South Sudan, Sudan, Pakistan, among others. Through this work, she advocated for women's meaningful inclusion in peace negotiations, national political dialogues, and policymaking. O'Neill was named a Global Fellow at the Wilson Center's Canada Institute in 2018 where she contributes to the Institute's outreach and security policy programming.
The Canada Institute at the Wilson Center is the only think-tank dedicated to exploring and strengthening the Canada-U.S. relationship. The Wilson Center is a nonpartisan public policy forum based in Washington, D.C. that is dedicated to advancing dialogue and the free flow of ideas on emerging policy issues.
For more information, please contact Savannah Boylan at Savannah.Boylan@wilsoncenter.org or 202.691.4301.
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Phil Gravink - Chautauqua Sports Hall of Fame
Year Inducted
Philip T. Gravink made a name for himself in various sports. Gravink competed in football, rowing and bicycling along with being involved with the ski industry for over 40 years.
Gravink was bom in Clymer in 1936 and was raised on a 125-head, 460-acre dairy farm. He went to Clymer Central School and graduated in 1953. During his time in school, he was a member of Clymer's six-man football championship club.
After high school, Gravink attended Cornell University from 1953-1957 where he earned a bachelor of science degree in agriculture. When arriving at Cornell, Gravink was among the nine freshmen oarsmen who competed on the rowing team for veteran coach R. Harrison (Stork) Sanford. Ironically, none of the participants had ever rowed before going to Ithaca and only one had ever seen a race.
In Gravink's freshman season, 1954, the Big Red set several course records and captured the Eastern championships. In 1955, Gravink was on the squad that set a course record at Princeton, New Jersey, and prevailed over Penn by more than two lengths at the Intercollegiate Rowing Association Regatta. At that time, Cornell had recorded more IRA titles than all of the Ivy Schools combined, but this was its first title in a quarter of a century.
In 1956, Gravink helped lead Cornell to a second straight IRA title, but the main story was the outstanding rivalry between Cornell and non-IRA competitor Yale. Cornell dropped the opener by a length-and-a-quarter on Connecticut's Housatonic River in May but rebounded for a win by 6 feet at the Eastern Sprints. The next time they met was the final round of the U.S. Olympic Trials and Cornell was defeated by less than the length of a boat. That meant Yale would represent the United States in Melbourne, Australia, where it would capture the gold medal.
The season of 1957 proved to be magical for Gravink and the rest of the Cornell crew as they went unbeaten. On May 11, Gravink and his crew defeated their old nemesis Yale by a length along with Princeton and Syracuse in the fastest 2-mile time ever recorded (10:01.2) by six seconds in 75 years of regatttas on Cayuga Lake. That performance led to Sports Illustrated running a story with the headline being "All Hail, Cornell". Later on Cornell beat Yale again by a foot at the Eastern Sprints and followed that with a win over Penn and then won a third straight IRA title to become the first school since the Big Red accomplished that back in 1912.
But the big news was that Cornell was invited for the first time in 62 years to the Royal Henley Regatta in London, England. The last time that Cornell was at this event was in 1895 when it was third. Also going at the last minute was Yale. "It was the ultimate revenge to be able to go into international competition against the Olympic gold medal team" said Gravink about the 1956 gold medal champions in an article in the Cornell Magazine by Brad Herzog.
Cornell's first opponent on the river Thames was Russia and the Big Red won by a record-breaking eight seconds to shatter a 118-year-old record in winning by a length. Next, Cornell and Yale battled for the first All-American Challenge Cup. Gravink led Cornell to a 6:53 time in capturing the title and on the same day that at nearby Wimbledon Althea Gibson became the first African-American women's singles tennis champion. After that, Gravink completed his career by sparking the Big Red to the European championships in Switzerland to conclude a perfect season for the first time in 45 years.
Gravink was inducted into the Cornell Athletic Hall of Fame in 1979 but then in 1985 the 1957 Cornell varsity crew team was inducted as a group, becoming the first Big Red squad to all be inducted together. He was also inducted in the Rowing Hall of Fame.
Besides operating the family farm in Clymer from 1956-1982, Gravink decided in 1963 that he wanted to enter the ski management business and became the founder and chairman of Peek'n Peak Recreation Inc. in Findley Lake. Gravink was the Chief Executive Officer at Peek'n Peak, a ski and golf resort, from 1963-1976 and during the period of 1970-1977 he was the president for three years, a treasurer for two years and a director for the Ski Areas of New York.
He then went to Gore Mountain Ski Center in North Creek, as the general manager in 1976-1977 followed by being general manager, president and CEO at Loon Mountain Recreation Corporation in Lincoln, New Hampshire, from 1977-1991. Then he moved onto Cannon and Mount Sunapee in Concord, New Hampshire, as the state of New Hampshire Director of Skiing from 1991-1992. This was followed by seven years (1992-1999) as president and managing director at Attitash Bear Peak Resort in Bartlett, New Hampshire.
Gravink also was a director and past president of Ski New Hampshire, Ski the White Mountains, Ski Areas of New York and the Eastern Ski Area Operators Association. He has been a member of the National Ski Area Association from 1964-1999 and served as president from 1979-1981 and a director from 1970-1987 among holding other positions. Gravink was also a American Ski Federation Director and served as president from 1981-1983 and treasurer from 1979-1981. Since 1993. he has been a director for the New England Ski Museum and since 1997 a director for the Mount Washington Observatory.
After retiring with 36 years of managing ski resorts, Gravink and his wife Shirley became involved in Odyssey 2000 a bicycle tour of 48 countries to raise funds for worthy causes after starting off riding in the Rose Bowl Parade on New Year's Day 2000. Gravink has also been named to the Helms Foundation National Hall of Fame for amateur athletes, the National Ski Area Association Lifetime Achievement Award and the NSAA's Sherman Adams Award. In November 2006, Gravink was honored as the BEWI Award winner before around 200 guests as Gillette Stadium in Foxboro, the home of the NFL New England Patriots. Gravink was the 22nd ski industry leader to be honored at this luncheon with his wife, Shirley, and daughters, Jill and Brenda, along with sister Lynn Fieri in attendance. Brad, his son, couldn't make the event as he was back at Peek'n Peak where he is the general manager.
more about Phil Gravink
Phil Gravink.
1957 undefeated Cornell varsity crew in their boat, Phil Gravink is the first oarsman, nearest the camera,facing the coxswain.
1957 Cornell crew team on land. Phil Gravink is on far left.
From left, Carl Schwartz, Bob Staley and Phil Gravink, three members of the Cornell crew that won the 1957 Henley Royal Regatta, sing "The Rowing Song" during the Savage Club's annual variety show. Courtesy Cornell University
From left are Jill Gravink, Phil Gravink and Shirley Gravink donate an oar and a framed photograph from his memorabilia collection. The oar was used by Phil during 1957 as the stroke of the Cornell University eight-oared crew.
transcribed publications
VanderSchaaff, Marguerite. "Comments on the occasion Phil Gravink's return to Clymer." July 31, 1957.
Herzog, Brad. "One Motley Crew." Cornell Magazine, July/August 1997.
"Tribute to Phil Gravink." Congressional Record (Senate) Volume 145, Number 88, Page S7370, Monday, June 21, 1999.
Dean, Jack. "A Chautauqua County Tradition." Post-Journal (Jamestown), March 17, 2012.
"Special Donation To Chautauqua Sports HOF." Post-Journal (Jamestown), December 14, 2018.
Clymer Youth Is Member of Cornell's Freshman Rowing Unit, IRA Winner. June 21, 1954.
But Could Have Two on Olympic Squad. Post-Journal (Jamestown), February 18, 1956.
Clymer's Phil Gravink Rate One Of Top Stroke-Oars in Country. April 14, 1956.
Clymer Product Receives Trophy. Post-Journal (Jamestown), June 5, 1956.
Clymer's Phil Gravink Stroke on Veteran Cornell Rowing Team. Post-Journal (Jamestown), May 3, 1957.
Gravink (Clymer), Ford Spark Cornell Crew to Victory. Post-Journal (Jamestown), May 5, 1957.
Clymer Honors Rowing Star Gravink. Post-Journal (Jamestown), August 2, 1957.
Clymer Athlete Honored Thursday. Dunkirk Observer, August 5, 1957
Clymer CC Will Honor Phil Gravink. July 26, 1957.
Skiing Boom Hits This Area; 15 Sites Are Near Jamestown. October 3, 1964.
Peek'n Peak Planning Major Expansion. September 21, 1972.
Gravink Heads Ski Areas Association. June 6, 1979.
Clymer Native Tells Of His Years With Cornell Crew. Post-Journal (Jamestown), circa 2006.
Gravink Will Be Inducted Into Ski, Snowboard Hall of Fame. Post-Journal (Jamestown), November 20, 2011.
Phil Gravink: 1957 Henley Regatta
video courtesy Greg Peterson
Phil Gravink (2006) Remembers Henley and Cornell Crew
Phil Gravink (2007) CSHOF Induction
Boathouse Dedication - Bob Staley '57 & Phil Gravink '57 unveil the cornerstone
Phil Gravink Tribute Video 2011
Basch, Marty. "After years on the trail, Loon has arrived."Boston Globe, December 20, 2007. Accessed January 20, 2019. http://archive.boston.com/sports/other_sports/skiing/articles/2007/12/20/after_years_on_the_trail_loon_has_arrived/.
Parker, Don."Cornell Backs Up Its Notices." SI Vault, July 1, 1957. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://www.si.com/vault/1957/07/01/602298/cornell-backs-up-its-notices.
Post, Tom. "Local heroes." Forbes, September 21, 1998. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/forbes/1998/0921/6206076a.html#4e0d9a3b7881.
"National Rowing Hall of Fame." National Rowing Foundation. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://natrowing.org/hall-of-fame/.
"Philip Gravink - Class of 1957 - Hall of Fame - Cornell University." Cornell Big Red. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://cornellbigred.com/hof.aspx?hof=64&mobile=skip.
"Phil Gravink Hall of Fame Class of 2011." U.S. Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://skihall.com/hall-of-famers/phil-gravink/.
Nelson, Janet. "SKIING; How Skiers Make Points While Getting a Lift." New York Times, December 10, 1992. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/10/sports/skiing-how-skiers-make-points-while-getting-a-lift.html?se....
"Trustees." Mount Washington Observatory. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://www.mountwashington.org/about-us/trustees.aspx.


ROCKVILLE CENTRE – June 8, 2018 – Pope Francis today appointed Msgr. Richard G. Henning to be an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Rockville Centre. Bishop-elect Henning is a priest of the Diocese of Rockville Centre and currently serves as interim Episcopal Vicar for the Central Vicariate of the Diocese. He also serves as rector of the Seminary of the Immaculate Conception, and director of the Sacred Heart Institute, Huntington. Archbishop Christophe Pierre, apostolic nuncio to the United States, made the announcement public earlier today in Washington, D.C.
Bishop-elect Henning will concelebrate the 7:45 a.m. Mass today at St. Agnes Cathedral with Bishop John O. Barres, Bishop Emeritus William Murphy Bishop Robert Brennan, vicar general. This Mass airs on the Telecare Television Network at 8:30 AM and 12:30 PM.
The first interview of Bishop-elect Henning is posted above and will also air today at 10:30 a.m. on Telecare's "Everyday Faith Live!"news program. (Telecare can be viewed on Cablevision channel 29/137, Verizon FiOS TV channel 296, Time Warner Cable channel 471).
Bishop Barres will ordain Bishop-elect Henning on July 24, 2018 at the Cathedral of Saint Agnes, Rockville Centre.
Since 2002, Bishop-elect Henning has served on the faculty of the Seminary of the Immaculate Conception. In 2012, he was named Rector of the Seminary and Director of the Sacred Heart Institute for the ongoing formation of clergy for the Archdiocese of New York, the Diocese of Brooklyn and the Diocese of Rockville Centre. Bishop-elect Henning assists on weekends at Saint Patrick's Church in Bay Shore and administers the summer mission church, Our Lady of the Magnificat, at Ocean Beach in Fire Island.
Bishop-elect Henning was born in Rockville Centre and grew up in Valley Stream. His home parish is Holy Name of Mary, Valley Stream. He is the eldest of five children of Richard and Maureen Henning. A product of Catholic education, Henning attended Holy Name of Mary School and is a 1982 graduate of Chaminade High School in Mineola. He graduated from St. John's University, Queens, in 1986, then began studying for the priesthood at the Seminary of the Immaculate Conception, Huntington.
Bishop-elect Henning was ordained on May 30, 1992 at St. Agnes Cathedral by Bishop John McGann. Bishop-elect Henning also earned a master's degree in history from St. John's University in 1988. He went on to earn his Licentiate in Sacred Scripture from The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. In 2007, he earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology (STD) from The University of St. Thomas Aquinas, The Angelicum, Rome.
Bishop-elect Henning is fluent in English, Spanish and Italian and is also able to read French, Greek and Hebrew. He is a leader of the Parresia Project, a grant-funded initiative working to improve reception processes for international priests serving in the U.S.
Read a biography of Bishop-elect Henning.


text:
HomeAudiobooksChildren's & Young Adult
Otherworld Chronicles: The Invisible Tower
Written by Nils Johnson-Shelton
Narrated by Patrick Lawlor
Part of the spell has already been broken.
The first stones have begun to crumble.
In Artie Kingfisher's world, wizards named Merlin, fire-breathing dragons, and swords called Excalibur exist only in legends and lore—until the day his video game Otherworld springs to life.
You are special, Arthur,
Says the mysterious message in his game.
In one week's time you will come to me at the it.
Cryptic clues lead Artie to a strange place called the Invisible Tower, where he discovers that nothing in his life is as it seems. Artie is none other than King Arthur, brought to life in the twenty-first century. Artie has won the battle in the virtual Otherworld—now the key to saving the real Otherworld lies in his hands as well.
Green dragons, hungry wolves, powerful sorcerers—suddenly Artie must battle them all as he wields Excalibur and embarks on a quest worthy of the Knights of the Round Table. With his sister, Kay, by his side, Artie steps into the Otherworld—straight toward his destiny.
Publisher: HarperAudioReleased: Jan 3, 2012ISBN: 9780062192585Format: audiobook
The Executioner by The Weird Circle: Our Strange Tale comes from The Weird Circle this time. Here's their story from October 6, 1944, The Executioner. Download StrangeTales454
#262: LeakyCon 2016!: Witches, wizards, warlocks and magical creatures of LeakyCon 2016 join the cast of PotterCast in Los Angeles, California for an emotional and far reaching discussion on the current state of affairs in J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World and what...
Episode #86- Was There a Real King Arthur? (Part II): The Arthurian legend has been described by at least one scholar as a giant mythical vacuum. It has a reputation for sucking in and absorbing previously independent legends and making them part of Arthur's story. One of the most famous characters to be...
King Arthur's Christmas: Christianity, Paganism, and Community: (Lucy) For much of the Middle Ages, King Arthur was Europe's model king. His court could be a space for heroism, for romance, and also for the uncanny. Often drawing on oral tradition, written for elite audiences, the Arthurian romances of the 13th and 14
Korean Fairy Tale Challenge with Christian & Przemysław (크리스티안과 프셰므는 한국 전래 동화를 얼마나 알고 있을까?): Do you know some Korean fairy tales? We invited Christian & Przemysław and had them guess the storyline of several Korean fairy tales! If you want to read and study with more Korean folk tales, check out our e-book:...
Ep 268 - Ghost Stories and Urban Legends #2 (Bonus Episode): Trick or Treat! We tricked you - it's a treat! Here's an all-new batch of spooky stories and educational hauntings.  The podcast is coming from inside the house! We have camping trip guidelines, the Highgate Chicken Ghost, Harry and the Woman in the
Graham Phillips: The Lost Tomb of King Arthur: The culmination of 25 years of research, including new translations of primary source material, this book provides the necessary evidence to allow King Arthur to finally be accepted as the authentic British king he was. One of the most enigmatic...
Dragon's Deep by Cecelia Holland (audio): Our fifth podcast for February is #8220;Dragon's Deep#8221; written by Cecelia Holland and read by Kate Baker. #160; Originally published in The Dragon Book: Magical Tales from the Masters of Modern Fantasy edited by Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. Sub
The Sea Phantom by Dark Fantasy: On this week's episode of The Horror, Dark Fantasy presents its story from February 6, 1942, The Sea Phantom. Download TheHorror824
Spring in Hieron 25: The Second Sun: Above the Last University, two suns hang, unbalanced. Under their shearing light, the heroes of this makeshift city move into action, even though they may not yet know what action they ought take. For Hella Varal, it is the needs of those with the...
The Adventure Zone: Commitment - Episode 1: Our new heroes attend a corporate mixer for the Do-Good Fellowship that will change the course of their very lives. The first chapter in Clint's superhero story, taking place inside of the Fate system. Remy embarks on a slider quest. Nadiya threatens...
Episode #85- Was There a Real King Arthur? (Part I): King Arthur is easily the most requested topic in the history of this podcast. This probably isn't a surprise given Arthur's stature in world of mythology. But is Arthur more than a myth? Was there a real person who lived around 500 AD who inspired...
The Demon Tree by Dark Fantasy: This week on The Horror, Dark Fantasy tells us about The Demon Tree. This episode originally aired December 5, 1941. Download TheHorror912
Evil Eye by The Weird Circle: On this week's episode of Strange Tales, The Weird Circle give us the Evil Eye. This story first aired sometime in 1944. Download StrangeTales462
Manjughosha's Sword: Today's FBA Dharmabyte, "Manjughosha's Sword" is an excerpt from the talk "Cutting Away the Old" by the very dynamic Dharmachari Abhaya. - Swords - lots of swords - as he explores the deep significance of Manjughosha/Manjushri and the blade he uses to...
Thing and Sick by Adam Roberts (audio): pThis episode features "Thing and Sick" by Adam Roberts from the April issue of Clarkesworld Magazine. Read by Kate Baker./p pText of this story can be found at: http://clarkesworldmagazine.com/roberts_04_17_reprint/p pOriginally published in
The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow by American Novels: This time on Strange Tales, we'll hear an adaptation of The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow as done by American Novels. This story aired September 19, 1947. Download StrangeTales466 Find more Strange Tales as RelicRadio.com If you'd like to help suppo
The Man Who Came Back by Dark Fantasy: This week on The Horror, we hear the first episode from Dark Fantasy, The Man Who Came Back. This story was originally aired November 21, 1941. Download TheHorror814
PseudoPod 649: Whatever Comes After Calcutta: Author : David Erik Nelson Narrator : Rish Outfield Host : Alasdair Stuart Audio Producer : Chelsea Davis Discuss on Forums "Whatever Comes After Calcutta" first appeared in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in November 2017,
A WEIRD LAW FIRM: Week of Weird Day 3 – CBTM136 (Ben): Today's entry in the week of weird is a fantastic comic series, Wolff and Byrd: Counselors of the Macabre! Featuring werewolves, vampires, zombies, ghosts, and ghouls who all share a common problem: they need lawyers.
Le Morte d'Arthur: Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss Malory's epic medieval tale Le Morte d'Arthur.
Ep 362 - Vicious, by V.E. Schwab: In this week's episode, we talk about the very nature of what makes a superhero (or an anti-hero, or a supervillain) a superhero (or anti-hero, or supervillain), in between talking about our ideal Father's Day and how Harry Potter and the D&D alignme
STAR WARS BEGINS! Marvel Sci-Fi, July 1977 (Ben) CBTM006: Our exploration of Marvel's Star Wars finally begins! Taking the time machine to cover date July, 1977, we are given the beginning of a new era in science fantasy with Star Wars' first issue, and another sci-fi title gets cancelled with Logan's Run's c...
The Man In The Moon by Dimension X: This week on Relic Radio Science Fiction, we hear The Man In The Moon by Dimension X. This story was originally broadcast July 14, 1950. Download SciFi541
The Wooden Ghost by The Weird Circle: The Weird Circle is featured on this week's Strange Tales. We hear The Wooden Ghost, their story from October 20, 1944. Download StrangeTales375
FF Union 120: Final Fantasy XV Is Make Or Break: It's another Final Fantasy XV themed episode this time around, as the main discussion topic is around Final Fantasy XV being make or break for the franchise.
Announcing a new ebook: My new ebook: Legends of King Arthur and His Knights is now available on all Amazon stores. The ASIN code is B01I8IB7J8. https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B01I8IB7J8 for the UK https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01I8IB7J8 in the US
Episode 108: Urban Legends: We delve into some of our favorite urban legends, including the Bunnyman, the phenomenon of Crybaby Bridges, and the great Devil Worshiper myth of the nineties.
Writer of the month: witches, sorcery, scandal and seduction in Jacobean England: This talk describes the events which unfolded at Belvoir Castle four hundred years ago, during the witch craze. It is a tale of superstition, injustice and conspiracy. Dr Tracy Borman is an author, historian and broadcaster, whose books include the highly
More Audiobooks By Nils Johnson Shelton
Endgame: Rules of the Game
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Nils Johnson-Shelton
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T.A. Barron
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Derek Benz
Quantum League #1: Spell Robbers
Matthew Kirby
Vespers Rising
Jude Watson
A World Without Heroes: Beyonders
Brandon Mull
Puppy Place: Princess
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Haunted Castle on Hallows Eve
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Matt de la Pena
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Eternal Hunter
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Dan Gutman
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Big Machine: A Novel
Victor LaValle
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10 Works of Literary Fantasy You Should Read
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The Wizardry Inside: Harry Potter at 20
The Wizardry Inside
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Why We Need 'Game of Thrones'
The epic fantasy series is more than just escape. It is a way of imagining our way to the future.
'Pokemon Go' Creators Are Making a 'Harry Potter' AR Game
Accio smartphone! "Harry Potter" fans will soon get a chance to explore the Wizarding World in real life with a new mobile game from "Pokemon Go" creators Niantic. Niantic announced that it will team up with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and
Louis Glück on Realism and Fantasy
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Otherworldly: Sublime New Fantasy Fiction
An epic debut, poems as sharp as blood-tinged spindles, a stand-alone novel narrated by a god: There's something for everyone here.
Otherworldly
How Harry Potter Changed Fantasy Literature
In 1997, JK Rowling took the world by storm. As a British novelist and philanthropist, Rowling produced one of her best works Harry Potter and the readers got their modern day wizard. While travelling from Manchester to London King's Cross in 1990, t
Where Fantasy Meets Black Lives Matter
'Castle Rock' Renewed For Second Season At Hulu
After Decades Of Dwarfs And Elves, Writers Of Color Redefine Fantasy
Literature informs people's understanding of the world. That holds true even when the setting is a world unlike our own. Taking inspiration from places other than Europe, a diverse group of writers is finding mainstream success bringing fresh voices
"The Women's War" is an epic feminist fantasy for the #MeToo era. In Jenna Glass's new novel, a spell giving women control over their own fertility has far-reaching consequences.
In The Kid Who Would Be King, Arthurian Legend Meets Harry Potter
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STARRING Nicholas Hoult, Lily Collins DIRECTED BY Dome Karukoski RATING PG-13 LENGTH 1 hr., 51 mins. LITERARY BIOPICS ARE ALWAYS A dicey proposition. Even if you adore the subject's words on the page, it can be an uphill climb to make the act
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Authors Marlon James and Victor LaValle on the changing face of fiction and the liberating power of fantasy.
A True Utopia: An Interview With N. K. Jemisin
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AT THE BEGINNING OF HIS CAREER, JAMES ROLLINS, AUTHOR OF "THE DEMON CROWN," STOLE SAMUEL CLEMENS'S PEN NAME. What books are on your nightstand? There's always a mix of fiction and nonfiction, as each night I don't know what might strike my bedtime f
N.K. Jemisin Makes History At The Hugo Awards With Third Win In A Row For Best Novel
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ZACHARY QUINTO underwent hours in the makeup chair to transform himself into an aged monster for this 10-part series.
How To Write A Story Connecting The Past With The Present, Using Science, History And Mythology
Did Alexander the Great really exist or is he just a mythological figure? Surprising question? Not really. There is absolutely no archaeological evidence to prove that Alexander the Great existed. We have the writings of Plutarch, Arrian and Strabo -


text:
angular.module('mgh.flex.classroom_dashboard', [
    'ui.router',
    'mgh.service.ClassroomService',
    'mgh.service.StudentService',
    'mgh.service.DateUtilService',
    'mgh.service.UtilService',
    'mgh.service.LessonService',
    'mgh.models.Student',
    'mgh.models.Lesson',
    'dialogs'
])
    .controller("ClassroomDashboardController", ['$scope', 'activeClassroom', 'studentsInClass', 'ClassroomService', 'StudentService', '$dialogs', '$state',
        function ($scope, activeClassroom, studentsInClass, ClassroomService, StudentService, $dialogs, $state) {
            $scope.activeClassroom = angular.copy(activeClassroom);
            $scope.students = studentsInClass;
            $scope.studentData = null;

            $scope.orderResultsByField = $scope.orderByField = 'lastName';
            $scope.reverseSortResults = $scope.reverseSort = false;

            $scope.handleStudentPasswordResponse = function (response) {
                if ($scope.studentData !== null) {
                    $dialogs.passwordDetails($scope.studentData.first_name + ' ' + $scope.studentData.last_name, response.username, response.password, activeClassroom.classroom_id, $scope.studentData.student_id);
                }
            };

            $scope.showPasswordPopup = function (studentData) {
                $scope.studentData = studentData;
                StudentService.getStudentPassword(studentData.student_id).then($scope.handleStudentPasswordResponse);
            };

            $scope.printPasswords = function () {
                if ($scope.students.length !== 0) {
                    ClassroomService.getClassPasswordCards($scope.activeClassroom.classroom_id);
                }
                else {
                    $dialogs.error("No students!", {errorMessages: {msg: 'There are no students in this class!'}});
                }
            };

            $scope.handleRemoveStudentResponse = function () {
                $state.go('app.classroom', {selectedClassroom: $scope.activeClassroom.classroom_id}, {
                    reload: true,
                    inherit: true
                });
            };

            $scope.removeStudent = function () {
                if ($scope.studentData !== null) {
                    ClassroomService.removeStudent($scope.activeClassroom.classroom_id, $scope.studentData.student_id).then($scope.handleRemoveStudentResponse);
                }
            };

            $scope.removeStudentDialog = function (studentData) {
                $scope.studentData = studentData;
                $dialogs.warning('Warning', 'Clicking Continue will remove ' + studentData.first_name + ' ' + studentData.last_name + ' from the class', $scope.removeStudent);
            };

            $scope.handleDeleteClassroomResponse = function (response) {
                $state.go('app', {}, {reload: true, inherit: false, notify: true});
            };

            $scope.deleteClassroom = function () {
                ClassroomService.deleteClassroom(activeClassroom.classroom_id).then($scope.handleDeleteClassroomResponse);
            };

            $scope.removeClassDialog = function () {
                $dialogs.warning('Remove Class?',
                    'Clicking Continue will remove ' + activeClassroom.name,
                    $scope.deleteClassroom);
            };
        }
    ])

    .controller("ClassroomCreateController", ['$scope', 'ClassroomService', 'Utils', 'DateUtil', '$dialogs', '$state',
        function ($scope, ClassroomService, Utils, DateUtil, $dialogs, $state) {
            $scope.newClassroomForm = {
                classroom_id: 0,
                name: "",
                start_date: null,
                end_date: null,
                scheduleState: [
                    {day: 'M', nonClassDay: false},
                    {day: 'Tu', nonClassDay: false},
                    {day: 'W', nonClassDay: false},
                    {day: 'Th', nonClassDay: false},
                    {day: 'F', nonClassDay: false}
                ],
                benchmarkTestsEnabled: "false",
                benchmark_test_date_1: null,
                benchmark_test_date_2: null,
                benchmark_test_date_3: null,
                school_id: 1
            };
            $scope.minStartDate = DateUtil.addDays(new Date(), -365);
            $scope.minEndDate = DateUtil.addDays(new Date(), 30);
            $scope.maxEndDate = DateUtil.addDays(new Date(), 365);
            $scope.endDisabled = true;
            $scope.benchDisabled = true;

            $scope.$watch('newClassroomForm.start_date', function (newValue) {
                if (newValue) {
                    $scope.endDisabled = false;
                    newValue = DateUtil.toDate(newValue);
                    $scope.minEndDate = DateUtil.addDays(newValue, 30);
                    $scope.maxEndDate = DateUtil.addDays(newValue, 365);
                }
            });

            $scope.$watch('newClassroomForm.end_date', function (newValue) {
                if (newValue) {
                    $scope.benchDisabled = false;
                }
            });

            $scope.makeDates = function (form) {
                form.start_date = DateUtil.toDate(form.start_date);
                form.end_date = DateUtil.toDate(form.end_date);
                form.benchmark_test_date_1 = DateUtil.toDate(form.benchmark_test_date_1);
                form.benchmark_test_date_2 = DateUtil.toDate(form.benchmark_test_date_2);
                form.benchmark_test_date_3 = DateUtil.toDate(form.benchmark_test_date_3);
                return form;
            };

            $scope.validateForm = function (form) {
                form = $scope.makeDates(angular.copy(form));
                var errorMessages = {},
                    totalClassDays = Math.abs(form.start_date - form.end_date);

                errorMessages.name = $scope.validateName(form.name);
                errorMessages.datesExist = $scope.validateDatesExist(form.start_date, form.end_date, form.benchmark_test_date_1, form.benchmark_test_date_2, form.benchmark_test_date_3);
                if (!errorMessages.datesExist) {
                    errorMessages.classDays = $scope.validateClassDays(DateUtil.millisToDays(totalClassDays));
                    errorMessages.startEndDates = $scope.validateStartAndEndDates(form.start_date, form.end_date);
                    errorMessages.benchmarkDates = $scope.validateBenchMarkDates(form.start_date, form.benchmark_test_date_1, form.benchmark_test_date_2, form.benchmark_test_date_3, form.end_date);
                }

                errorMessages = Utils.deleteEmptyFields(errorMessages);
                if (!Utils.isObjEmpty(errorMessages)) {
                    return {errorMessages: errorMessages};
                }
                else {
                    return {};
                }
            };

            $scope.validateName = function (name) {
                return !name ? 'Class must have a name!' : name.length > 50 ? 'Class name cannot exceed 50 characters!' : '';
            };

            $scope.validateDatesExist = function (d1, d2, d3, d4, d5) {
                if (!d1 || !d2 || !d3 || !d4 || !d5) {
                    return 'One or more dates missing! All dates must be filled out!';
                }
                else {
                    return '';
                }
            };

            $scope.validateClassDays = function (totalClassDays) {
                return totalClassDays > 365 ? "Total class length cannot exceed 365 days!" : totalClassDays === 0 ? "Start date and end date cannot be the same!" : '';
            };

            $scope.validateStartAndEndDates = function (start, end) {
                return start >= end ? "Start date must be before the end date!" : '';
            };

            $scope.validateBenchMarkDates = function (start, bench1, bench2, bench3, end) {
                var first = DateUtil.isBetweenDates(bench1, DateUtil.addDays(start, 1), bench2),
                    second = DateUtil.isBetweenDates(bench2, bench1, bench3),
                    third = DateUtil.isBetweenDates(bench3, bench2, DateUtil.addDays(end, 1));
                if (!first || !second || !third) {
                    return "Test dates must be in chronological order and within the class start and end dates!";
                }
                return '';
            };

            $scope.handleCreateResponse = function (response) {
                $state.go('app.classroom', {selectedClassroom: response}, {reload: true, inherit: true});
            };

            $scope.saveClassroom = function (classroomForm) {
                var result = $scope.validateForm(classroomForm);
                if (result.errorMessages) {
                    $dialogs.error("Error!", result);
                }
                else {
                    ClassroomService.createClassroom(classroomForm).then($scope.handleCreateResponse);
                }
            };
        }
    ])

    .config(['$stateProvider', function ($stateProvider) {
        $stateProvider
            .state('app.classroom', {
                url: 'classroom/:selectedClassroom',

                resolve: {
                    // classroomList is a dependency that must be loaded before getCurrentClassroom is called
                    activeClassroom: ['ClassroomService', '$stateParams', 'classroomList', function (ClassroomService, $stateParams, classroomList) {
                        ClassroomService.setCurrentClassroom($stateParams.selectedClassroom);
                        return ClassroomService.getCurrentClassroom();
                    }],
                    // activeClassroom is a dependency that must be loaded before getClassroomStudents is called
                    studentsInClass: ['ClassroomService', 'activeClassroom', function (ClassroomService, activeClassroom) {
                        return ClassroomService.getClassroomStudents(activeClassroom.classroom_id);
                    }]
                },

                views: {
                    'content@': {
                        templateUrl: '/flex/static/templates/teacher/classroom/classroom_dashboard.html',
                        controller: 'ClassroomDashboardController'
                    }
                }
            })

            .state('app.classform', {
                url: 'classform'
            })

            .state('app.classform.create', {
                url: '/create',

                views: {
                    'content@': {
                        templateUrl: '/flex/static/templates/teacher/classroom/classroom_create.html',
                        controller: 'ClassroomCreateController'
                    }
                }
            });
    }]);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Accidentally blocked unknown source app, how to unblock?
I accidentally denied installation of an APK when the warning popped up about potentially unsafe app and now the check always fails and the installation doesn't start. I don't know how to whitelist this app again so it installs.
Settings > Apps > scroll down to Special app access, then Install unknown apps, then enable it for whichever app you denied it for.
The Nexus 6p phone is running 8.1.0 with November 5th, 2018 security patch level.
Sorry this app steals TV and shows which is illegal and we don't support that discussion here.
Any way to work around Virgin Mobile voicemail?
How do i get rid of circular app drawer on phone?


All soft leather girls ballerina style shoe. Perfect design to dazzle all her outfits, from formal wear to everyday casual wear. Leather lined with a bow detailing on the top. An all occasion shoe. This shoe is available to order in Canada.


text:
Im Kwon-taek: directing beyond his years
Im Kwon-taek poses for the camera in Seoul, Monday, before sitting down for an interview to speak about "Hanji". In his 101st film, the 75-year-old director captures the beauty of Korean traditional paper, "Hanji", and also poses questions about protecting artistic heritage. / Korea Times photos by Shim Hyun-chul
Im's 101st film explores madness in the mundane. "Why do people have to become crazy about preserving (things just because they're old)? But I wanted to show that we are losing something valuable right here, right now".
By Lee Hyo-won
A surrogate mother falls in love with a man who wrongs her, a monk gives up her priesthood for earthly pleasures and an alcoholic artist paints masterpieces during drunken romantic affairs.
For his latest work "Hanji", veteran director Im Kwon-taek breaks away from such climactic dramas that mark his epic collection of 100 films. Instead, he discovers madness in the mundane.
"A bunch of lunatics try to make paper that supposedly lasts a thousand years, under the moonlit sky in the middle of the night. It's madness", Im said in an interview, Monday, in Seoul.
But unlike his previous stories such as "Beyond the Years" that trace reckless, impassioned pursuits to master a timeless art, the folly in "Hanji" reveals what has been lost and perhaps impossible to resurrect.
Inspired by a true story, "Hanji" is about Pil-yong (Park Joong-hoon), a middling civil servant assigned to revive Jeonju's traditional "Hanji" paper industry. What begins as a means for civic promotion turns into a consuming passion as he discovers the beauty of the craft, and he joins other devotees to reenact traditional methods of hanji-making under the moonlight.
Madness in the mundane
"It's impossible to make authentically traditional hanji today because of acid rain and polluted air, water and earth", Im said. At the same time, the cineaste said he was surprised to learn how hanji, albeit now rather synthetic, is used for everything from calligraphy to textiles and even car air filters. Only fine-quality hanji is suitable for storing certain ancient documents, he pointed out.
"We Koreans export electronic goods and cars. But among our products we are losing some of our most important assets, which are cultural treasures like hanji", the 75-year-old said with a sense of unwavering conviction. Though markedly fatigued by a series of interviews with press and visits to the hospital for diabetes treatment, Im beamed while speaking about hanji.
The crusading message for age-old traditions is not surprising for someone who has portrayed local art such as "pansori" (opera) in his films. But Im isn't one to conform even to his own standards.
"Hanji" calls to mind Olivier Assayas' "Summer Hours" starring Juliette Binoche. While it is about a family dealing with the death of an uncle who is a famous artist, in the larger scheme of things the French film poses questions about protecting artistic heritage. Im does something similar in his tale.
"I felt very torn by a number of questions. Are relics precious to us simply because they are old? Why do people have to become crazy about preserving it? But I wanted to show that we are losing something valuable right here, right now. Even if one is able to revive authentic hanji, there is no consumer".
The film, generously supported by Jeonju City, could well have turned into a promotional video for the craft that is native to the region ― one that could be considered rather offensive for international audiences since it compares hanji to its Chinese and Japanese counterparts. Even lead actress Kang Soo-yeon voiced concern that the film might turn into a documentary about the craft, said Im.
Yet, the director shows the reason for his longevity in the industry ― he limits the "learn how great hanji is" aspect to a documentary film-within-a-film, thereby also experimenting with the architectural structure of the piece.
"Jeonju City paid for a third of my film. One third was supported by the Korean Film Council and the rest by individual investors. But the Korean Film Council funds films after taking into account a filmmaker's credibility. Though I was able to make such a movie thanks to the generous support, I would be an ill-equipped director if I made promotional material.
"Under pressures that can be potentially dangerous, I chose to adopt aspects of documentary filmmaking to introduce hanji and tell a story that may lack larger-than-life drama but still be entertaining".
"Hanji" evokes laughter at times when it does not intend to, at least for those well-acquainted with the local film industry, as veteran cineastes including Kim Dong-ho and Min Byung-lock make cameo appearances, alongside members of Im's own family.
Cast members also include some of the hanji specialists that were actually involved in real-life events that inspired the film. "These cameos were neither actors nor amateurs. So instead of trying to make them act, I tried to restage and document the experience for them. It was sometimes a problem because the hanji specialists would call Park Joong-hoon by the name of the actual civil servant".
Going digital
Another novel aspect of the film for Im was that it was shot digitally. The new medium not only saved production costs but heightens the realism of "Hanji's" documentary flavor.
"There were worries though, that people aren't as nervous (about getting everything right) on the site, since the cost of making NGs isn't as much as it is for analogue works. But this is just me, an old dinosaur speaking", he said.
What does he think of this digital age where big-budget flicks for the young dominate screens? Im believes it's healthy. "Everyone has his/her own role. Young directors are doing well, capturing their own rhythm of life in Korea. But my type of films should also be made. I hope to capture the attention of young audiences that are preoccupied with blockbusters".
Many artists have passed on works that uniquely capture their generation. Yet countless directors that defined local filmmaking by the decade fail to make comebacks, to create new waves amid the fast, fleeting trends that dominate and define the Korean film industry.
In an age that is consistently inconsistent, Im is the only one who has truly embraced Korea's past, as well as its history-in-the-making, by harnessing them to artistic ends. Im has created a unique audiovisual language that continues to evolve ― by shooting "Hanji" in digital format, he kept a promise he made three years ago to venture into the medium. Yet, at the same time, the veteran's oeuvre remains constant in that it voices universal concerns about the human condition.
But even Im has a past he wants to deny. In a recent talk show hosted by comedian Kang Ho-dong, the director said he wanted to abandon authorship of works he made in the 1960s. "I was trying to imitate Hollywood films, which was not only impossible technically but completely meaningless in that they portrayed lifestyles completely unrelated to our own.
"From then on I decided to make films that only a Korean could make. While directing films over the years, I've been making some significant works as well as utter failures, but I believe I was able to somewhat extend my life as a filmmaker by portraying quintessentially Korean lifestyles, sentiments and passions", he said.
Source : www.koreatimes.co.kr/...
(달빛 길어올리기 - 2010)
Beyond the Years
(천년학 - 2007)
Citizens invited to write letters for Hangeul park
By Kim Rahn
A group of 11,172 made up of citizens, Korean residents overseas and foreign residents here will each be invited to write a Hangeul letter on a paving stone in Seoul City's project to form a Hangeul section within a central park.
Seoul Metropolitan Government began accepting applic,...More
Korean Animation: First look at Milkway Hitchhiking
First announced in January, Milkyway Hitchhiking is a Korean manhwa title from Sirial. In this sli,...More
"The Journals of Musan" has won the Jury Prize at the Deauville Asian Film Festival
by KOFIC International Promotion Center / Mar 14, 2011 Korean Rookie Director PARK Jung-bu,...More


The shawl is now longer than the needle I'm using. It's still not big enough, but it's getting there.
I'm glad I frogged back to the mistake yesterday on my Winter Sea Shawl. The problem turned out to be that when I attached the third ball of yarn, I started knitting in the wrong direction when I picked the work up again. That's a mistake I rarely make, but I think the join was so close to one of the "seams" between the center panel and the right panel that I got confused. I was at the Sit & Knit at the time, and not only was I talking, but I had taken several minutes to untangle the mess I had made with the new ball of yarn. That will teach me to pay better attention.
The next bear will have a gray body, purple sweater and probably a pink skirt.
I have reknit everything I ripped out, and I have also started another bear. This one will be gray. What I am doing is using up some gray that I had knitted into a scarf last year. The scarf had broad green and gray stripes, a la the Slytherin house at Hogwarts in the Harry Potter series. I was going to give it to a friend on Ravelry whose prayer shawl group was knitting scarves for teenagers. However, her pastor nixed the project before we had knitted many scarves, and I wasn't particularly enjoying this scarf anyway, so I put it aside. I used the yarn from a green stripe for the pants on the last bear I made. Now I'm using the gray stripe for the head, feet and hands of this new bear, and I'll use the last green stripe in the next bear.
No sense wasting the yarn, even if it's Red Heart Super Saver and therefore not my favorite.
After work yesterday, I ran over to Staples and found a nice package of tags that look like the one the Mother Bear Project sent me. So, we will, of course, pay for all the bears that we send (unless you tell me that you've already paid for your bear). And I will make tags for all the bears we are paying for. And I'll probably send the leftover tags to the Mother Bear Project as a donation.
I'm beginning to get excited about the bears. Lynne Ewen was at the Sit & Knit on Sunday, and she said several of the folks over at the North Plainfield needlework group she belongs to are trying their hand at making the bears. I was very glad to hear this because I was afraid nobody except Liz and I were making any. Oh, my friend Arlene, the one I went to Stitches East with, is making a few. And, I've got my friend Rose from the Library Loopers working on them as well. I hope other people are also making them. It feels so good to know that there are children who will be thrilled to have them.
By the way, I've been remiss about adding good knitting blogs to my blog roll, mostly because I forgot how to do this. This morning, I poked around and rediscovered how, so I've added three new links, to Emma Fassio (the designer of my Winter Sea Shawl), Annie Modesitt, the designer and champion of Continental Combination Knitting, and Shear Bagatelle, Deborah Knight's funny and informative blog from Yarnmarket.com. Check them all out.
Posted in bloggers, Children, contests, designing, knitting, pattern instructions, scarves, shawls, teddy bears, toys, yarn. Tags: Annie Modesitt, contest, Deborah Knight, Emma Fassio, gift-giving, knitted gifts, knitting, knitting group, Mother Bear Project, Red Heart Super Saver, teddy bears, yarn, Yarnmarket.com on February 15, 2011 by Pam MacKenzie.
I'm about to start row 76 of Emma Fassio's Winter Sea shawl.
One of the great advantages of knitting from the top down, as experts like Elizabeth Zimmerman and Barbara Walker have repeatedly pointed out, is that it's easier to customize a pattern or repair a shortfall if your pattern doesn't work out as expected. Sleeve too short? Frog the cuff and keep knitting. Waist too high? Frog the ribbing and knit a few more inches. Shoulders too tight on a raglan sweater? Just keep knitting with the raglan increases as before until they fit. (Mind you, you have to be trying the sweater on as you knit it to catch a problem like this.
My Winter Sea Shawl is a case in point. I had asked Emma Fassio, the designer, if my Malabrigo yarn was too heavy, and she thought it was, but now I'm not so sure. Instead of the Malabrigo, I used Bernat Satin Sport, which is much thinner, and I used the size 5 needles that Emma recommended. The resulting fabric looks good, but I'm almost to the point where I am finished with the yarn overs in the center of the back panel, and the shawl is clearly not big enough for my use.
No problem. The design is similar to a top-down raglan, and I will keep knitting, sticking with the established pattern: yo, k1, k2tog to marker, yo, on the side panels every 6 rows, and k9, yo, k2tog across the central panel until I'm within 8 stitches of the market at the end of that panel, then k8, yo. When I get to the row with 35 yarn overs in the central part of the center panel, I'll take stock again. I have a feeling I'll keep going well beyond that.
The Sit and Knit will take place at the Bound Brook Presbyterian Church (Mountain Avenue at Union Avenue) today at 4:30. Jung says we're meeting in the usual place, which is fine by me. Please come if you can.
Posted in designing, knitting, shawls, techniques, yarn. Tags: Bernat Satin Sport, Emma Fassio, knitting, top-down shawl, Winter Sea Shawl, yarn on February 13, 2011 by Pam MacKenzie.
Here's a picture of Emma wearing her shawl and the yarn I'll be using in mine.
After I finished my second bear, I pulled a big pile of recent knitting magazines down from the bookcase in the dining room and looked for sweater coats. I have a sweater coat that is now about 4 years old, and it is so stretched out of shape that I never wear it out of the house anymore. Instead, I wear it as a housecoat, which has been very handy this winter because I have been trying to economize by keeping the temperature lower than I used to.
This spring, I really want to make myself a new coat and probably will soon, but after looking at all the patterns and choosing one from Creative Knitting that I really want to make, I decided to first make the Winter Sea Shawl that my Italian friend and honorary cousin, Emma Fassio, designed. I had announced months ago, when I went to Stitches East, that I would use the Malabrigo yarn I bought there for this project.
The Malabrigo is a Merino wool that is sold in hanks, and it needed to be wound up. It took me a while to find my winder, although I found the swift easily enough. The winder was where it was supposed to be, but I had put some things on top of it and so I had to remove them to find it. Silly me; I thought I had not put it away.
The Malabrigo turned out to be more difficult to wind than I expected. These were four hanks sold at a discount on clearance, and I think they'd been on the shelf for a while, had been untwisted and retwisted, and had therefore become tangled. Also, I'm one of those silly people who believe that every scrap of yarn is sacred, especially before you use it, so that if your hanks are tied together with the same yarn as you're winding, you should save all those little bits in case you need them to finish the project. But this yarn was not easy to untie, and I had to snip off one or two of the knots, which I hate doing.
As I was winding the yarn, I began to wonder if it was too thick for the project, which calls for size 5 needles. Emma's Italian, so she calls them 3.5mm needles, but they're the same thing. My Malabrigo is an Aran weight yarn, not a consistent thickness but mostly heavy enough that I would want to use a size 8 needle with it. The size 5 needles seemed too small. Also, when I calculated how much yarn I had and how much Emma said I'd need, I realized that I had way too much. I'd only use 2 2/3 skeins, but I have 4. That seemed like a waste of yarn to me.
I'll have to come up with another project for the Malabrigo. Too bad it's not enough for a sweater coat.
Posted in bloggers, destashing, knitting, pattern instructions, sweaters, yarn. Tags: Emma Fassio, knitting, knitting sweaters, shawl, Winter Sea Shawl, yarn on February 7, 2011 by Pam MacKenzie.


A CREST project can cover any aspect of science, depending on students' interest: research; investigation, design or making; as well as science communication.
The most important thing is that there is an element of investigation and exploration, and that the project sets out to answer a question or solve a problem.
Students can choose any type of project at any of the award levels. It's the amount of time and complexity of work undertaken that increases as students progress.
While some may require access to a lab or specialist equipment, there are many that don't. A whole range of youth groups and home educators also run them very successfully. From building go-carts to conducting wildlife surveys or testing which wing shapes make the best paper aeroplanes, there are lots of different ways that you can create great projects to suit your group's activities, interests and resources.
For CREST Star and CREST SuperStar we recommend that you as a teacher or group leader select 8 challenges from our resource library.
For Discovery - Gold projects, give students as much choice as possible in their project topic. Even when students have a 'live brief' from a company, ask for some options to choose from. Students respond more positively to a challenge that they've had some part in choosing.
Make sure the project gives students the opportunity to demonstrate all the CREST criteria for Discovery or the CREST criteria for Bronze, Silver and Gold. If students are constrained by a poor brief/idea, the project is unlikely to succeed.
Whatever their level, don't underestimate students' ability to respond to a challenge.
Visit our project ideas library. The library includes activities you can use with your students, as well as CREST link schemes. Link schemes are STEM activities run by our partners that have been accredited by CREST, and that can lead to CREST Awards for your students.


I moved to New Zealand from London in November 2013 and am based in Auckland. I love the ocean and everything in it, hence the name!
I started making my own jewellery very recently and I quickly became addicted. I make beaded bracelets, earrings, rings and necklaces and all my designs I would wear myself. I hope you like them!


Large office space for rent with about 17 inter offices. Space has his and her's restrooms; small kitchenette, central heat & air, receptionist desk, office manager space, conference room; and, a small room to be used for storage or whatever. Call listing agent to see. Thank you.
Directions: Come into Darien Georgia via Highway 17(building is very visible; as it is located directly on Highway 17)and look for the Northway Center directly across the street from The Heritage Bank.
Hello, I have a question about 1135 North Darien GA 31305.


text:
Joslyn Chase
All Joslyn Chase Books
Nocturne In Ashes
Steadman's Blind
No Rest: 14 Tales of Chilling Suspense
The Broken Bird
Under The Blood-Red Maple
Duet for Piano & Chisel
Death of a Muse
Double Eclipse
And Then There Were Nine
What Leads A Man To Murder
Story Over Style
by JoslynChase	in Storytelling, Writing
I love language. When I write, I try to create sentences and paragraphs that pull my readers in, that tickle and delight or thrill and give fright. I try to use lovely and effective description, designing word pictures and using syntax and structures that evoke emotion and fall gracefully on the reader's ear.
All of these aims are important to me, but more vital than the words and constructions, is the story itself. I stress story over style every time.
Ever decorated a Christmas tree?
In working with my piano students, there comes a time when I ask if they've ever decorated a Christmas tree. I've been teaching for twenty years, had over two hundred students in three different countries, and I've never had a student say no. My next question is this: "What's the first thing you have to do when decorating a Christmas tree?"
Most students say it's lights, but there's something you have to do even before that. You have to get the tree. Everything hangs on the tree—without it, you just have a shapeless pile of decorations.
I use this to illustrate the function and importance of rhythm in music, but something similar applies in the art of writing. The story is the Christmas tree. It provides the shape and substance on which everything else—all the beautiful imagery and stylish descriptions—depends.
Writers are storytellers
I'm a writer, but more than that, I'm a storyteller. When I listen to someone tell a story, I can forgive a certain lack of finesse in the delivery if the story is worth it. Stories speak to us, they resonate within the very heart of us, firing receptors in our DNA.
More than flair, more than elegant sentence construction and sparkling syntax, story matters. It is my goal and passion to create stories you'll love reading and to do that, I stress story over style.
How about you? Which element do you value more in the books you read—story or style? Tell us about it in the comments.
8 Responses to "Story Over Style"
Mike Van Horn says:
Story. A rippin' good story every time. BUT, style and tone are very important. One of my favorite writers is Ursula LeGuin, who excelled in both story and style. The tone of her writing is integral to the tales she spins, whether science fiction or fantasy.
JoslynChase says:
Hi Mike! So happy you responded, and I agree wholeheartedly with your view. Both are very important, but Story trumps if it comes right down to it. It's wonderful when both are incorporated to create something remarkable.
Right now, I'm reading a book that covers both elements and I'm enjoying it a lot. It's called Aliens Crashed In My Back Yard, and I can't wait to finish and leave a review!
The story. Style may matter later on, but if there is no story, who wants to read it?
Well put, Chuck. The two elements go hand-in-hand, but if the story doesn't grab a reader, all the great style will go to waste when the book closes with a resounding snap! Thanks so much for your comment.
Charles David Crain says:
Having been raised in the "playwrights' belt" of mid-south America, story is always going 24-7 around those parts. The mixes of the French, Irish, Scottish and English people who settled the upper Northwest Ozarks in Arkansas over to the flats of the Mississippi River Delta from Memphis down to New Orleans, well, there's nothing quite like New World Celts sitting at dinner sharing tales of the day. Starched mannerisms, real respect of gender roles and free will to live as one wishes makes for electric living. As a southern kid who learned piano and played football while listening to my elders filled me with stories that stuck forever. Your question about story vs. style made me look inward to understand why I write the way I do.
Perhaps it was the lyrical flow of embellished speech of the university city of Fayetteville, Arkansas where I was raised, that helped me capture the constantly evolving tales I heard each day all around me. It become a dual ability that has pushed me along as a writer in television (now retired). Deep within the mix of cultures in this area of the nation, there developed a literary style that reflected their way of living, and a natural ability to express themselves. For my work now as a novelist, story is my leading edge while style dances with delight, popping up unexpectedly, or retracting to privacy, pulling my story every which way. As if to say, please tell me what's next. Thanks for listening. I read your articles constantly. Charles David Crain
Hello! I really appreciate your thoughtful response to my question. You raise some interesting points and insights, and I can almost see and hear those dinnertime discussions. Wonderful!
Thank you so much for responding, and for your continuing support.
KUNDA says:
Story is the main thing. I have read books where I had to supply my own finishing as I laughed at the twists and turns of the story.
That is not to say all other things are not important. It's like cooking a rotten meat and expect spices to make things right. The meat has to be right in the first place while all others will add to its taste.
Hi Kunda, very well put! I like what you said, and I thank you for sharing your ideas. Much appreciated.
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Lightingsubmitted by Patricia S. - May 11, 2017 |Recommended: YesTh light by the trash dumpster is out again by building 5.
Outstandingsubmitted by Sarah A. - Mar 30, 2017 |Recommended: YesThe complex is well kept, the staff makes sure to take care of your every need. I haven't had any problems. MY KIDS LOVE IT HERE. We have great people all around us even can say we made friends with our neighbors beside us. The only down thing is we can hear through the walls but its not as bad when you understand the situation with kids.
I love living heresubmitted by Alexis M. - Jul 29, 2016 |Recommended: YesEveryone is so nice.. The place is great. I don't plan on ever leaving lol.. Even my kids love it here. They made friends so fast..
Parking - Availability, Noise - Can you hear your neighbors all too well. submitted by Linda M. - Jun 11, 2016 |Recommended: YesI love our newly resurfaced and stripped Parking area. It is always brightly lite at night. Noise can I hear my neighborsLOL oh yea only one the one that lives above me. They are like a herd of elephants all the time.
Great place to live Carol Beer is the Best submitted by Cynthia C. - Jun 01, 2016 |Recommended: YesIt's has separate buildings with nice grassy areas between, not just ugly parking lots. Residents are friendly and helpful but respect each others privacy. Wonderful community atmosphere and great place to live.


text:
Reformation Today
Home Reformation Anne Askew - A Daughter of the Reformation (1520 - 1546)
Anne Askew - A Daughter of the Reformation (1520 - 1546)
This article is also available as a PowerPoint presentation here.
A Daughter of the Reformation
Anne was born during the reign of King Henry VIII to an honoured knight, Sir William Askew.
Anne was described as attractive in form and faith, a beautiful and high-spirited young woman, well educated, with unusual gifts, and �very pious.� Her father arranged that she should be married to the son of a friend, Thomas Kyme, to whom her deceased sister had originally been promised.
Anne endeavored to be a faithful wife, and bore her husband two children. However, despite an initially happy marriage, her husband, Kyme, threw her out of the home because of her Protestant Faith.
Anne had acquired a copy of the English Bible and had studied it enthusiastically. She abandoned her formal Catholic religion for the life-changing Protestant Faith in a personal Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. Her enthusiastic witness drew the attention of the priests who warned her husband about her �sedition.� When challenged she confessed that she was no longer a Romanist, but �a daughter of the Reformation�. At this, her husband threw her out of the home. However, he acknowledge that he had never known a more devout woman than Anne.
In 1545, Anne was examined by church leaders concerning her beliefs. Her answers were full of wisdom and quotes from the Holy Scriptures, and she often out-maneuvered the inquisitors pointing out the contradictions in their own position. This only served to enrage them more. Lord Bonner was determined to see her burned for heresy. After failing to prove any heresy, he resorted to insinuating that she was immoral. Looking him full in the face, Anne answered calmly: �I would, my lord, that all men knew my conversation and living in all points; for I am so sure of myself this hour, that there is none able to prove any dishonesty in me. If you know any who can do it, I pray you bring them forth.�
He could not find anyone who could question her morals, and so he had to have her released.
Thomas Wriothesley, the lord Chancellor of England, was determined to crush the Reformation. He summoned her before the council and subjected her to an examination that lasted five hours. One of the council, Mr. Paget, challenged Anne: �How can you avoid the very words of Christ, take, eat, this is My Body which is broken for you?�
Anne answered: �Christ�s meaning in that passage is similar to the meaning of those other places of Scripture, �I am the door�, �I am the vine�. �Behold the Lamb of God.� �That rock was Christ.� And other such references to Himself. We are not in these texts to take Christ for the material thing which He is signified by, for then we will make Him a door, a vine, a lamb, a stone, quite contrary to the Holy Ghost�s meaning. All these indeed signify Christ, even as the bread signifies His body in that place.�
She was charged and imprisoned in Newgate Prison. Her enemies were determined to see her burn. On 28 June, she was taken to Guild Hall to be examined again by the council. She was taunted with being a heretic. She responded that she had done nothing for which the Law of God required her death. When asked directly if she denied the doctrine of Transubstantiation, that the sacrament of the Eucharist was the actual body and blood of Christ, Anne responded: �God is a spirit, not a wafer cake. He is to be worshipped in spirit and in truth � John 4:24 � and not by the impious superstitious homage paid to a wafer converted, by popish jugglery, into a god.� That very day, 28 June, the council condemned Anne Askew to be burned to death at the stake.
However, before that sentence was to be carried out, Lord Wriothesley ordered her to be stretched on the rack. As the levers were turned and the torture began, Anne remained silent. Wriothesley was so angered by his lack of success that he ordered the torture to be increased. Then the officer of the rack was so moved by the sight of this pious woman enduring such torture in silence, he refused to intensify the torture. Wriothesley himself grabbed the levers and mercilessly stretched her body until her joints were pulled asunder and her bones were broken. Yet, despite the intense sufferings, all the cruelties of her enemies failed to change the patience sweetness of Anne�s Christian demeanor.
When the day of her execution arrived, Anne was so crippled as a result of her tortures on the rack that she had to be carried in a chair to the stake. One who witnessed her death wrote: �She had an angel�s countenance and a smiling face.� She was offered one last chance at a pardon if she would renounce the doctrines of the Reformation and embrace Catholicism. This she boldly refused. �I believe all those Scriptures to be true which He hath confirmed with His most precious blood. Yea, and, as St. Paul sayeth, those Scriptures are sufficient for our learning and salvation that Christ hath left here with us; so that I believe we need no unwritten verities with which to rule His Church.�
All who witnessed her noble martyrdom were impressed and inspired by the courage of this beautiful woman who gladly gave her life for Christ of one as the truest and purest witnesses of the Gospel of the Christian Church.
�Only let your conduct be worthy of the Gospel of Christ�Stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the Faith of the Gospel, and not in any way terrified by your adversaries, which is to them a proof of their perdition, but to you of salvation and that from God. For to you it has been granted on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for His sake.� Philippians 1:27 � 29
Dr. Peter Hammond
The Reformation Society
Newlands, 7725
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Web: www.ReformationSA.org
Sources: Anne Askew: Brave Daughter of the English Reformation, Christian Family Publications, 1999
Heroes of the Faith, Gene Fedele, 2003
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Martin Luther - "A Mighty Fortress is Our God."
The Battle for the English Bible
Battlefields for Reformation
The Biblical Foundations for Calvinism
A Message to Roman Catholics
Charles H Spurgeon - The Puritan Prince of Preachers
The Church Needs a New Reformation
William Farel - Fiery Debater and Evangelist
Georg Frederic Handel (1685-1759)
The Greatest Book in the World
The Greatest Century of Reformation
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How the Reformation Changed the World
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John Knox - The Reformer of Scotland
Reclaiming South Africa for Christ
Recommended Resources for Reformation
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William Farel - Fiery Debater and Evangelist (1489 � 1565)
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