text:
Construction contracts in Poland
Janaszczyk Lis Partners
Poland April 18 2019
Contracts and performance
Standard contract forms
What standard contract forms are used for construction projects in your jurisdiction? To what extent do parties deviate from these standard forms?
There are no mandatory templates for construction contracts. Governance of mutual rights and responsibilities rests with the contractual parties, taking into account the applicable laws. In accordance with the principle of freedom of contract, the parties may define a legal relationship at their own discretion, unless the objective or content of the contract does not preclude the nature of the relationship, act or social conduct (Article 353 of the Civil Code).
Definition of 'construction work'
How is 'construction work' legally defined?
Article 3(7) of the Construction Law defines 'construction work' as "construction, but also reconstruction, assembly, renovation or demolition of a construction structure". This law also includes definitions of 'construction', 'reconstruction' and 'renovation', among others.
Are there any rules or restrictions on the governing law of construction contracts?
In general, it is up to the contractual parties to decide on the competent law that will govern the construction contract.
Are construction contracts subject to any formal requirements?
Construction contracts concluded under the Public Procurement Law (Article 139(2)) or private law (Article 648(1) of the Civil Code) must be in written form. However, there is a difference in rigour regarding default in concluding a written construction contract: under the Civil Code, it must be in written form under the rule of ad probationem (ie, the consequence of non-compliance is that the testimony of witnesses or the parties as to performance will not be admissible in the case of a dispute); whereas in principle a contract for public procurement must be concluded in writing in order to be valid under the rule of ad solemnitatem (ie, non-compliance results in invalidity).
Mandatory/prohibited provisions
Are there any mandatory or prohibited provisions in relation to construction contracts?
A construction contract should define the subject of works (ie, what it should involve or result in) and specify remuneration or at least the basis for calculating remuneration (this may be a flat remuneration, estimated cost of remuneration or mixed remuneration). However, in general the parties have extensive competence regarding regulation of the content of the contract. In accordance with the principle of freedom of contract, the parties may define a legal relationship at their own discretion, if the objective or content of the contract does not preclude the nature of the relationship, act or social conduct (Article 353 of the Civil Code).
Implied terms
Can any terms be implied in construction contracts?
As the Civil Code serves as the general regulatory framework for construction contracts, its provisions are used by analogy in respect of other agreements (eg, a contract for specific work – Article 556 of the Civil Code) and general provisions concerning obligations (eg, default interest – Article 481 of the Civil Code). An example of such a provision in a construction contract relates to warranty for defects, which in principle may be modified by means of declarations of the parties where such parties are entrepreneurs (eg, extension of liability beyond the scope of the Civil Code, narrowing or even exclusion of such liability). However, with respect to consumers, the liability period for defects in a building may not be shorter than five years and modification thereto is prohibited (any provision to this effect will be invalid and replaced with statutory provisions). In addition, construction contracts concluded under the Public Procurement Law are subject to mandatory provisions (eg, Article 144d sets provisions for specific contractual penalties in given circumstances).
Risk allocation
How are risks typically allocated between parties to construction contracts?
It is up to the contractual parties to define the scope and terms of their contractual liability. On the grounds of civil law, a business entity bears responsibility based on the principle of fault-based liability or no-fault liability, depending on the circumstances. Liability of a contractual party may be complemented by the principle of fairness. Polish law does not define the term 'fault'; however, fault may be described as unlawful conduct which violates the requirement of precaution adopted in the applicable interpersonal relations. Such a violation is verified with respect to a person who has committed wrongful conduct. Fault may be attributed only to a person who acts with sufficient background and was able to have foreseen their actions.
The investor is liable under the general principles arising out of responsibility for proper cooperation with the contractor in execution of the contract, and in particular for a timely payment of the agreed remuneration. It is generally accepted that the investor is liable for defects of the construction design. Similarly, the investor bears risks associated with weather, soil and hydrological conditions or discovery of archaeological stations in the ground of the investment property. The investor also bears risks associated with the actions of the public administration authorities.
The contractor is responsible for performance of work within the timeframe specified by the parties in the contract, as well as for the quality of work. If the work is not completed within the specified timeframe due to a fault that is non-attributable to the contractor, the contractor will be exempt from liability. However, the case law also acknowledges that the parties may extend the scope of responsibility, excluding certain circumstances, where non-performance of work within a specified timeframe was attributable to the investor and force majeure, although some standpoints allow for extension of the contractor's responsibility for force majeure as a form of warranty liability.
How and to what extent can parties to construction projects contractually limit or exclude their liability?
Contractual liability in Polish civil law is governed by the principle of fault (Article 471 and following of the Civil Code). However, the parties may modify their liability in the contract (Article 473 of the Civil Code). For example, the contractor may extend its liability, giving it a warranty nature. The contractor will then basically be responsible for each case of failure to perform work within a specified timeframe (excluding circumstances attributable to the investor or force majeure).
The parties may also define circumstances, principles and penalties for breach of the contractual provisions (in the form of contractual penalties).
Liquidated damages
How are liquidated damages typically calculated and to which liabilities are they usually applied?
Contractual penalties are agreed between the parties by means of negotiation – they may concern a failure to perform work within a specified timeframe, failure to remedy a defect within a warranty period or a quality guarantee period, or breach of other material obligations defined in the contract. Pursuant to Article 483 of the Civil Code, the parties may reserve in the contract that damage resulting from non-performance or improper performance of a non-monetary liability shall be remedied in the form of a contractual penalty. It is acknowledged in the case law and legal doctrine that the obligation to pay a contractual penalty is not subject to the occurrence of damage, but rather only to the existence of the circumstances provided for in the contract on which payment of a penalty depends (Article 484 of the Civil Code). The amount of penalty (rate), grounds and circumstances must be clearly defined in the contract under pain of invalidity. It may be reserved in the contract that the injured party may claim damages in excess of the contractual penalty stipulated in the contract. A debtor may apply to the court to decrease the amount of the penalty under the court procedure of mitigation of penalty, provided that the obligation has been performed to a large extent or where the amount of penalty is grossly excessive. In principle, payment of the penalty does not release the debtor from performance of their obligation (Article 483 of the Civil Code).
The most common penalty is for delay in performance of work, calculated for each delayed day and a penalty for withdrawal from the contract. Penalty levels are determined either through a percentage reference to the contract value or by providing a specific amount.
Increasingly often, a contract will include a limit on the penalty that one party may impose on the other for breach of contract (eg, 20% of the remuneration).
How are force majeure clauses treated in your jurisdiction? Is there a legal definition of force majeure events?
The term 'force majeure' is not defined in Polish law. Legal doctrine and jurisdiction provide that force majeure constitutes:
accidental or natural external events;
events that are impossible (or almost impossible) to be foreseen; and
events the effects of which cannot be prevented.
No-fault liability (where the entrepreneur may be liable on such basis) is excluded due to the occurrence of force majeure events (Article 435 of the Civil Code).
To remove any doubts concerning interpretation which may arise during performance of a contract, parties usually provide for specific events that will be considered as force majeure – which, if they occur, will not involve liability for damages or contractual liability.
General performance obligations
What are the general performance obligations of contractors and employers?
The most important obligation of the contractor is to perform work in a timely and due manner, while the investor is obliged to pay the agreed remuneration in accordance with the specified terms and conditions of payment.
Project delays
How are project delays typically handled? Do any set rules, restrictions or procedures apply in this regard?
Much depends on the provisions adopted in the contract, without which there is generally no legal means or regulation to resolve such situation. In general, investors strive to implement provisions pursuant to which contractors will be obliged in the case of delay in performance of work to:
increase the speed of work;
reorganise work at the construction site;
assign more employees or equipment; and
implement other changes to the construction work.
Investors also include in the contract provisions for contractual penalties for non-achievement of milestones in the schedule of work, although the right to impose such a contractual penalty on a contractor where construction works are ultimately completed within a contractual timeframe raises significant doubts (courts assume that if the whole contract has been performed in due time, improper performance of an obligation does not occur, therefore the investor should not be entitled to contractual penalties for non-achievement of milestones).
Contract variations
To what extent can the parties make variations to the contract? Do any set rules, restrictions or procedures apply in this regard?
In general there are no restrictions under civil law on the rights of contractual parties to make variations to the contract, regardless of the stage of contract performance. Any aspect of the contract may be amended – from completion date and remuneration to the terms of contractual liability. The primary rule here is the principle of freedom of contract. If a change does not preclude the nature of the relationship, act or social conduct, it is admissible (Article 353 of the Civil Code).
However, different rules apply to variations to construction contracts concluded under the Public Procurement Law. Pursuant to Article 144 of this law, a contract for a public procurement may be amended only in the circumstances explicitly provided for in the contract and in cases set out in the law (which includes a closed catalogue of situations where variations to a public procurement contract are permitted).
What are acceptable grounds for the termination of a contract?
Under civil law, the parties may terminate a contract by mutual or unilateral declaration of will. The Construction Law does not provide a direct possibility for a notice of contract termination; however, when applying by analogy the Civil Code provisions governing contracts for specific work, the investor has the right to withdraw from the contract where the contractor delays commencement or completion of work to such an extent that it is unlikely to perform the work within the agreed time – provided that the investor has already specified an additional deadline for the contractor (Article 635 of the Civil Code in connection with Article 656 of the Civil Code). Such deadline may not be too short and must be achievable by the contractor. Likewise, the investor may withdraw from a contract or entrust another person with correction or further performance of specific work at the cost and risk of the contractor, if the latter performs work in a defective manner or contrary to the contract. Before exercising this right, the investor must call on the contractor to change the manner of performance and specify an appropriate timeframe for this purpose (Article 636(1) of the Civil Code in connection with Article 656 of the Civil Code).
In addition, pursuant to Article 491 of the Civil Code, the investor may withdraw from the contract if the contractor delays performance of the obligation. The investor should first specify an additional timeframe for the contractor to complete performance, failing which the investor will be entitled to withdraw from the contract. Without specifying an additional timeframe or after failure to complete performance within it, the investor may also demand performance and remedies for damages resulting from the delay. The investor may also withdraw from the contract if the contractor delays only part of the work. In such a case, the right to withdraw from the contract is restricted – at the investor's choice – to either that particular part of the work or the entire remaining part of the non-performance. The investor may fully withdraw from the contract if partial performance would be insignificant due to the nature of the obligation or to the purposes intended for it in the contract, as known to the party in delay.
In addition, Article 395 of the Civil Code provides the possibility to reserve in the contract that one or both parties shall be entitled to withdraw from the contract within a specific time period. When exercising the right of withdrawal, the contract is deemed to be not concluded (the effect of ex tunc) and the parties must return to each other what was provided to them by the other party unchanged, unless the change was necessary in the ordinary course of dealings.
It is common to stipulate in contracts the circumstances giving rise to a right to withdraw from the contract (this applies mostly to investors) – for example, in the event of delay in performance of work specified as an exact number of days in relation to a progress of works determined in the schedule of works, or in the event of filing for bankruptcy.
Notably, the right to make a declaration of withdrawal from the contract is reserved within a timeframe stipulated in the contract; otherwise this right will be invalid.
Remedies for breach
What remedies are available for the breach of construction contracts?
Construction contracts usually provide for contractual penalties in the event of breach of the contract's specific provisions, or a right to withdraw from the contract. Within the warranty period for defects, the contract may also provide for substitute performance of removal of defects to a third party, at the contractor's cost and risk, if it fails to remove a reported defect within the specified timeframe.
Janaszczyk Lis Partners - Rafał Frok
Construction in Poland *
Public M&A in Poland *
Construction project financing and payment in Poland *
Related Poland articles
Construction contracts in Qatar * - Qatar
Construction contracts in Switzerland * - Switzerland
Construction contracts in Russia * - Russia
Dave Vallance
Helicopter Services BOP Ltd
"As in house counsel for a medium sized NZ group of companies, I find the newsfeeds very useful as they keep me up-to-date with the latest legal info in areas I have subscribed for. The quality is very good and I would not hesitate to recommend to colleagues."


text:
Nigerian kids 'Ikorodu Bois' get Hollywood invite after recreating Extraction trailer
By www.abcnewsgh.com
Headlineswww.abcnewsgh.com - May 6, 2020 1
GES releases timetable for KG, Primary and JHS pupils on Ghana Learning TV as lessons start today
The Ghana Education Service (GES) in collaboration with the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC), has released the virtual learning timetable...
PoliticsSam Dowuona - January 15, 2021 0
The 23 defeated NPP MPs to lose ministerial roles in Akufo-Addo's next government – Report
It is increasingly becoming evident that President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo is purging his government of persons he perhaps...
HeadlinesSam Dowuona - January 15, 2021 0
Speaker petitioned to probe conduct of Kennedy Agyapong, Hawa Koomson
The Central Regional Communications Officer of the NDC, Kwasi Dawood has petitioned to Speaker Alban Bagbin against MPs for...
www.abcnewsgh.comhttps://abcnewsgh.com
ABC News Ghana is an investigative media house that focuses on politics, sports and the economy. Our work is thoroughly researched, balanced and fair. Our vision is to become the most preferred indigenous news brand for men in West Africa.
The Nigerian kids, Ikorodu Bois, famous for making multimillion-dollar music videos and movie trailers with household items have been invited to Hollywood after they recreated one of Netflix's movies, Extraction.
The Ikorodu Bois got the opportunity on Wednesday, June 24, after they posted their homemade remake of the movie trailer on their Twitter handle.
The Sanni brothers, Muiz, 15, and Malik,10 (with video-editing help from older brother, Babatunde), and their cousin, Fawas Aina, 13, filmed the trailer in their neighbourhood in Ikorodu, a suburb in Lagos, using their ingenuity, the ever-present wheelbarrow, and some upcycled items. Once uploaded, they told their followers to share and tag lead actor Chris Hemsworth and Netflix to get their attention.
A couple of hours later, Netflix retweeted their post saying, "LOVE THIS."
The video also caught the attention of the lead actor in the movie, Chris Hemsworth, who retweeted the video commenting, "EPIC."
But what really got their attention was the unexpected recognition from the movie producers, the Russo Brothers, who shared the video and invited them to the premiere of Extraction 2.
I'll never take for granted the trust you have reposed in me – Bawumia to Akufo-Addo
"This is awesome! We would love to have you guys at the #Extraction 2 premiere…DM us and we'll get you there!" they said in a tweet.
The Ikorodu Bois excited with the recognition said comments from the producers and Chris Hemsworth is a dream come true.
"This is the day we've been waiting for all our lives," they said in a tweet reply to the invitation.
This is awesome! We would love to have you guys at the #Extraction 2 premiere…DM us and we'll get you there! https://t.co/6eufmJMgT7
— Russo Brothers (@Russo_Brothers) June 24, 2020
Brain behind the group, 23-year-old Babatunde Sanni who doesn't appear in the video, in an interview with CNN said the trailer took them a month to make.
"Some days we shoot but end up re-shooting just because we wanted to do our best," Babatunde Sanni told CNN.
Cry for help: 2010 World Cup player, Lee Addy and other Ghanaian players stranded in Ethiopia
According to Babatunde, it is rewarding to see all their hard work pay off.
"We are so happy people are getting to know us globally," he said.
While the invitation marks a significant development for the kid sensations, it's not the first time their innovative videos have garnered notice.
Since creating their Instagram page in 2017, they have amassed more than 600,000 followers. Some of their content has gone viral, and they've collected kudos from big stars including actor Will Smith, Netflix "Money Heist" actor Alvaro Monte and rapper Roddy Rich.
Ikorodu Bois
Submit your stories or articles to newsroom@abcnewsgh.com or Whatsapp them to +233 553620623
Previous articleI'll never take for granted the trust you have reposed in me – Bawumia to Akufo-Addo
Next articleGo register for new voter ID card but vote for change in December – Ayariga
EntertainmentSam Dowuona - January 15, 2021 0
My kids may not go back to school – Okyeame Kwame
Rapper and entrepreneur Okyeame Kwame has disclosed that his children may not go back to regular school even as...
Sam Dowuona - January 15, 2021
NPP, Independent MP constitute Majority in Parliament – Speaker declares
Ugandan Election: Museveni takes early lead as Bobi Wine claims poll win
Messi fined for Maradona homage
International Sam Dowuona - January 15, 2021 0
Ugandan opposition leader Bobi Wine on Friday claimed victory in presidential elections, rejecting as a "joke" early results that gave incumbent President Yoweri Museveni...
Trump impeachment: President faces Senate trial after historic second charge
Donald Trump faces trial in the Senate after becoming the first US president to be charged with misconduct in office for a second time. Mr...
Ugandan government blocks social media a day to elections
The Ugandan government has blocked access to social media platforms in the East African country just two days before January 14, 2021 presidential and...
Trump impeachment: Several Republicans to join Democrats in House vote
Several members of Donald Trump's Republican party say they will vote to impeach the president over his role in last week's storming of Congress. The...
FBI fears armed protests by Trump supporters ahead of Biden inauguration
US security officials have warned of possible armed protests being held across the country in the days before Joe Biden is sworn in as...
Democrats give VP Mike Pence ultimatum to remove Trump from White House
US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has stepped up the pressure on Vice-President Mike Pence to act to remove Donald Trump from office over his...
ABC News Ghana is an investigative media house that focuses on politics, sports and the economy. Our work is thoroughly researched, balanced and fair. Our vision is to become the most preferred indigenous news brand for people in West Africa.
Contact: info@abcnewsgh.com
© 2020. Abc News Ghana. All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


No vehicle programs have been pulled or delayed as a result of Opel's financial struggles or changes in upper management. "If you don't have the products, you can't execute," says the auto maker's top engineer.
Carlos Ghosn notes there is little direct competition between the alliance partners and Daimler, making it easier for the auto makers to find projects they can work on together.
The auto makers appear ready to seal the deal on a platform-sharing plan for a Mazda- and Alfa-branded sports car, and neither side has been discouraged so far about the chances for further tie-ups.
Gildo Pallanca Pastor's other projects include the Venturi Jamais Contente, which he claims holds the EV world speed record of 320 mph.
The fuel-efficient, low-emissions technology eventually will go into all Honda engines, including versions using one of three new hybrid configurations.
The all-new Clio, the fourth model to bear the name, offers five new engines that are more efficient than those of the Clio III. The 90-hp diesel emits less than 100 g/km of CO2 emissions.


text:
A64 incident: Man dies after falling from bridge over road near Malton
Countryfile host Helen Skelton reveals touching personal tribute behind baby's name
NewsUK News
Hunt goes on for terror girlfriend after Paris bloodbath
Police are continuing to hunt for the girlfriend of one of the gunmen in the Paris massacres - after three days of terror in the French capital ended in dramatic police shoot-outs yesterday.
Friday, 9th January 2015, 9:14 pm
French police officers storm a kosher grocery in Paris. (AP Photo/Michel Euler)
Brothers Cherif and Said Kouachi, who killed 12 people at satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, were shot dead by police yesterday afternoon after a tense stand-off on an industrial estate.
In a co-ordinated swoop, moments later elite armed officers clad all in black stormed a Jewish supermarket where their accomplice Amedy Coulibaly was holding 19 people hostage inside.
Television footage shows the moment Coulibaly runs out of the kosher store firing and is taken down by a volley of bullets shot by French police.
French police stormed two hostage sites killing three gunmen as the death toll rose after days of bloodshed and terror in Paris.
But prosecutors last night confirmed the authorities are still searching for Coulibaly's girlfriend accomplice, Hayat Boumeddiene, 26, who is believed to be on the run.
She is also thought to be involved in the murder of a female police officer south of Paris on Thursday morning.
Details have emerged of the dramatic end to the two sieges which had plunged France into terror for a third day.
The Kouachis brothers had been on the run for two days after gunning down 12 people at the satirical magazine on Wednesday morning.
They were tracked to a stretch of forest and eventually cornered to a print works around 30 miles outside of Paris.
There they took a man hostage, but unknown to them another man was hidden underneath a sink in the building and able to direct the police to the killers using his mobile phone.
Dramatic footage from the Kouachis' and Coulibaly's final moments were played out on television screens.
Flashes of light accompanied the rapid gunfire in dramatic scenes which last for about 10 seconds.
Minutes before the explosions, balaclava-clad officers were seen moving towards the building.
The brothers, who were directed to carry out the terror attack by a member of al Qaida's branch in Yemen, reportedly emerged from the building firing guns but were both shot dead by police.
Meanwhile, in Paris, armed police surrounded a Jewish supermarket where Coulibaly, 32, was holding men women and children hostage.
There were 19 people inside the store when Coulibaly entered. He killed four people immediately while the others are said to have sought safety in a cold store room in the basement, huddled together as they endured sub zero temperatures.
Police were able to hear what was happening inside through a telephone left off the hook and seized upon the moment the terrorist knelt down for evening prayers to storm the building in a volley of rapid fire and smoke.
They killed him as he attempted to flee, and the 15 hostages dashed out to freedom.
In what would become one of the most poignant images of the three-day massacre, grief-stricken hostages, including children, were seen huddled together and being led quickly to safety as members of the public and media were urged to move back. Another was carried in a fireman's lift following the four-and-a-half-hour ordeal.
Three police officers were among the 20 killed in the terror attacks.
Prosecutor Francois Molins last night said Coulibaly and his girlfriend spoke with the Kouachi brothers "500 times" over the telephone.
Last night French president Francois Hollande called on the country to "remain vigilant" as the hostage crisis which started at the Charlie Hebdo magazine massacre came to a bloody end with the loss of at least 20 lives.
As France came to terms with a tragedy that rocked the nation, Mr Hollande said in an address: "I call you all to be vigilant, to remain united and remain mobilised. Vigilance is something the state must demonstrate.
"I ask you to remain united - it's our best weapon. It shows we are determined to fight against anything that can divide us."
A number of international dignitaries, including Prime Minister David Cameron, are expected to arrive in Paris this weekend for tomorrow's unity rally.
The Kouachi brothers started the killing spree on Wednesday morning when they attacked the offices of satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo.
It is understood that the duo, who were well-known for holding jihadist views, were on a British watch and no-fly list to prevent them from entering the UK or passing through a British airport. They were also on a United States no-fly list.
A member of al Qaida's branch in Yemen said the group directed the attack on the French magazine Charlie Hebdo.
Questions have been asked about whether the deadly attacks could have been avoided if the French authorities had been more vigilant to the threat posed by the two brothers, who were already on their radar.
French prime minister Manuel Valls said on BFM television. "There was a failing, of course. That's why we have to analyse what happened."
The brothers left a trail of dead bodies in their wake, include three Charlie Hebdo cartoonists and its editor-in-chief Stephane Charbonnier, known as Charb.
Several people, including police officers, remain in hospital following the shootings across the French capital and its surroundings, at the hands of the Kouachis, Coulibaly and any associates.
The Kouachis stole a Peugeot yesterday morning in the town of Montagny Sainte Felicite, triggering a car chase during which gunfire was reported and Said was injured.
Before they were killed, they were said to have declared they want to die "as martyrs".
A salesman told how he inadvertently shook the hand of one of the terrorists when he arrived for a meeting with the owner of the printing firm this morning, whose name he gave as Michel.
The eyewitness, named as Didier, told radio station France Info that he encountered a "heavily armed" man dressed in black and wearing a bullet-proof vest.
He said: "I encountered a terrorist and shook his hand. (The armed man) said to me 'I am the police. Go, we do not kill civilians'.
"I decided to call the police. I guess that was one of the terrorists.
"They were heavily armed. I was in front of the business, I shook Michel's hand and the hand of one of the terrorists. After I left, Michel shut the gate behind me. I knew something was wrong. I have been very lucky this morning."
A lockdown was imposed in the surrounding area as scores of heavily armed police surrounded the building.
Residents in the vicinity were warned to stay in their homes and children were being kept inside schools.


text:
Q: How to implement "NOT IN" in firebase? I have a dataset of objects, e.g. cars. I want to make a system where users are presented an object, and can decide whether or not they like the car. But, I want to show them each car only once.
- allCars
  - car1
  - car2
  ...
  - car348237

- carsLiked
  - user1
    - carsLiked
      - car123
      - car234
    - carsNotLiked
      - car321
  - user2
    - carsLiked
    - carsNotLiked

Given some user, e.g. user1, how can I make a selection from allCars, WHITOUT cars that the user has already seen? In SQL I would do something like " WHERE carId NOT IN (car123, car234, car321) "
Any idea how I can do this in firebase (without filtering on clientside, I know how to do that)...? Any structure possible, using some kind of index.? I struggled for sometime but didn't find a solution.

A: Denormalization is a key.
I would replicate a set of all cars in each user's object and than I would delete the car object already displayed to user.
cars:{
  CAR_AUDO_ID: {
     //car object
  }

users:{
  user1:{
    car_selection:{
       CAR_AUTO_ID: true //reference to above
       ...
    },
    cars_liked:{
    },
    cars_disliked:{
    }
}

coming from SQL it might sound like a lot of replication, but that the way to go with firebase.
in case you have something like 10K+ cars, of course the above would be overkill. If users are presented a random car than I would focus on random number generator where I would store only already picked numbers. In that case the best would be to use priority ordered list and your key would be something like increment counter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nintendo has confirmed that they have delayed the release of their long-awaited Switch online service to September 2018. Initially set to launch late last year, the service is set to introduce a more robust online infrastructure that comes at a monetary cost to the user.
Currently, Nintendo's online infrastructure offers a bare-boned friends list and online play system with voice chat provided through a smartphone app. Many users have been hoping for the implementation of voice chat functionality and more substantial social features within the console itself; the new online service could potentially bring these advancements.
Priced competitively against Xbox Live and PS Plus' $60 per year price tag, Nintendo's online service will cost users $20 per year or $4 per month. While Sony and Microsoft's services include a selection of recent games that refreshes on a monthly basis, Nintendo will provide one of their classic games each month with updated features including online leaderboards and multiplayer.
Until this point, online play will continue to be free for Switch users which, for now, means that it is the only leading console of this generation to offer online play at no cost.
If the integration of classic Nintendo titles into the online service is any indication of the timeframe we can expect for the release of the Virtual Console, then it may be more than just the Switch's online service launching in September.


There are several forms of boules, the best known being pétanque. In Lausanne, however, Longue and Boccia are also played. The main differences between these three sports are the size of the boules, the playing surface and the size of the court provided.


Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn, Crown Publishers, 2012, 419 pp.
This was a great summer thriller, and a perfect escape novel. I don't often read thrillers, but this one came highly recommended, and the story was eloquently written and intricately told.
Nick comes home one day to discover that his wife Amy has disappeared. There are signs of a struggle, but no signs of where she might be. The story is told in alternating chapters, one voiced by Amy, the other by Nick. The story unwinds the intricate, tangled web of their complicated relationship, even as it details the efforts by police, family and Nick to find out what has happened to Amy, whether she is alive or dead. Without giving anything away, let's just say I started out liking both characters, then disliking one, then liking that one and disliking the other, then back and forth again, and ended up uncertain if I liked either of them anymore–and it didn't matter, because I was already so attached to them that likability was no longer relevant.
This particular example drew me in because I resonated with the sentiment, but the book is full of other keen observations that add to the interesting characters and plot.
Gone Girl is summer reading at its finest. Go and enjoy it.
Under the Unpredictable Plant: An Exploration in Vocational Holiness, Eugene H. Peterson, Eerdmans, 1992, 197 pp.
This book was just what I needed at this moment in my personal and professional spiritual life. Eugene Peterson always challenges me as a pastor and a person, even though I do not always agree with his assessments. Under the Unpredictable Plant posed just the questions I have been asking about my own vocation in ministry, and offered a rich depth of responses. Many of the ideas reappear in The Pastor, but this is a different arc on the theme.
The structure of the book follows the book of Jonah, and the image of the prophet who declines to follow God's command, then finds himself confined in the belly of the fish, then makes his way reluctantly to Ninevah, only to find himself upset by both success and failure. Peterson begins in the introduction to discuss the gap between "personal faith and pastoral vocation." It is a chasm I know as well–when it seems like following God will upset "successful" ministry, or when "successful" ministry seems to cost personal spirituality. I awakened to it most dramatically during my sabbatical last year, when I again found the time and space to be a Christian first, pastor second. However, the truth remains that my spiritual relationship with God is always lived out in my pastoral vocation.
I always appreciate his wisdom on the mundane nature of most pastoral tasks, and the beauty that lies therein.
While I found his critique true in many ways, and I want to honor that central pastoral task, I question whether the vocation he describes is possible in today's congregations. While his interpretation of the pastor is spiritually and biblically sound, it is not necessarily financially sound in today's shrinking ecclesiastical reality. Or, while we probably should be spending all our time and energy in biblical reflection and spiritual direction, we will not likely be able to earn a full-time salary doing so. Which may or may not be a positive thing–because the biblical prophets and pastors were fairly bi-vocational themselves, rarely paid for doing the Lord's work, and never expected to run programs, grow churches or "service" a congregation. Perhaps a return to what really matters in this pastoral work–preaching and prayer–will not fund our pensions, but will revive the meaning of the vocation. Yet that is a tough choice for those of us already enmeshed in full-time ministerial work.
I imagine I will return to Peterson's work again in the future, as a reminder of the struggles and purpose of my vocation. It is too easy to lose my way, and Peterson helps me find it again.


text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
/*
 * This code was generated by https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-java-client-services/
 * Modify at your own risk.
 */

package com.google.api.services.cloudsearch.v1.model;

/**
 * The payload(restricted to 1P applications) to be stored with a specific message.
 *
 *
 This is the Java data model class that specifies how to parse/serialize into the JSON that is
 * transmitted over HTTP when working with the Cloud Search API. For a detailed explanation see:
 * https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/java/google-http-java-client/json
 *

 *
 * @author Google, Inc.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("javadoc")
public final class AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload extends com.google.api.client.json.GenericJson {

  /**
   * Pantheon project number used to identify the calling app.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key @com.google.api.client.json.JsonString
  private java.lang.Long projectNumber;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private AppsDynamiteSharedTasksMessageIntegrationPayload tasksMessageIntegrationPayload;

  /**
   * An enum indicating which 1P application's payload this is. This field is required to add 1P
   * payload.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String type;

  /**
   * Pantheon project number used to identify the calling app.
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.Long getProjectNumber() {
    return projectNumber;
  }

  /**
   * Pantheon project number used to identify the calling app.
   * @param projectNumber projectNumber or {@code null} for none
   */
  public AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload setProjectNumber(java.lang.Long projectNumber) {
    this.projectNumber = projectNumber;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public AppsDynamiteSharedTasksMessageIntegrationPayload getTasksMessageIntegrationPayload() {
    return tasksMessageIntegrationPayload;
  }

  /**
   * @param tasksMessageIntegrationPayload tasksMessageIntegrationPayload or {@code null} for none
   */
  public AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload setTasksMessageIntegrationPayload(AppsDynamiteSharedTasksMessageIntegrationPayload tasksMessageIntegrationPayload) {
    this.tasksMessageIntegrationPayload = tasksMessageIntegrationPayload;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * An enum indicating which 1P application's payload this is. This field is required to add 1P
   * payload.
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getType() {
    return type;
  }

  /**
   * An enum indicating which 1P application's payload this is. This field is required to add 1P
   * payload.
   * @param type type or {@code null} for none
   */
  public AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload setType(java.lang.String type) {
    this.type = type;
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload set(String fieldName, Object value) {
    return (AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload) super.set(fieldName, value);
  }

  @Override
  public AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload clone() {
    return (AppsDynamiteSharedMessageIntegrationPayload) super.clone();
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Texas Tech University Selects ANC to Create New United Supermarkets Arena Experience
Lubbock, Texas – Texas Tech University and ANC today announced plans for a new center-hung display for United Supermarkets Arena, home of the Red Raiders men's and women's basketball and volleyball teams. The new center-hung structure will include four video displays, each measuring 16.38' high by...
GoVision Names Johnson new VP, Business Development
Daktronics veteran to focus on fixed installation sales, service, maintenance ARGYLE, TX – GoVision announced today the hiring of Mark Johnson to become the company's new Vice President, Business Development. In his new role, Johnson will lead GoVision's fixed installation sales efforts while also helping...
The Winning Seat® Sports Sweepstakes App, Nevada Wolf Pack Extend Relationship to 2016-17 Football Season
Reno, NV - The Winning Seat®, the one and only mobile, live-action sports sweepstakes app, has a renewed partnership with the University of Nevada Athletics as announced today by the university's athletics multimedia rights holder, Learfield's Wolf Pack Sports Properties. The Winning Seat® app allows users...
TUNEIN, LEARFIELD EXTEND RELATIONSHIP TO BENEFIT RECORD NUMBER OF COLLEGIATE SPORTS FANS
SAN FRANCISCO – With the 2016-17 collegiate athletic season days away from kicking off, TuneIn and Learfield announced today a significantly expanded partnership, providing fans live streaming of the hometown radio play-by-play broadcasts of their favorite teams in multiple sports. With its deep presence in the...
The Food Bank Becomes Official Charitable Partner of University of Missouri Athletics
COLUMBIA, Mo. – The Food Bank for Central & Northeast Missouri has become the Official Charitable Partner of University of Missouri Athletics. The partnership expands Missouri Tigers Score Against Hunger, a 22-year old campaign under the helm of the MU Football Program. "We are thrilled to build...


Learn about Wisconsin's self-directed long term supports program and how iLIFE serves IRIS participants.
Find all participant, participant-hired worker, and vendor forms for the IRIS program.
Go paperless with online time reporting through the iLIFE Portal.
Learn about your role as an IRIS participant in this guide from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
Find out where to send IRIS documents and how to fax timesheets to iLIFE.


text:
Obamas have already found a home to move into after they vacate the White House for the new president and his family. (more…)
Alicia Keys and husband Swizz Beatz are selling their 5.4 acre Jersey mansion they bought five years ago from Eddie Murphy in favor of an even bigger house. Peek Inside Alicia Keys' New Jersey Mansion
Colored Villa in Shelter Island
A giddy house with colored aluminum walls appeared on Long Island thanks to three serious men. See the mansion inspired by great architects
Macalister Mansion is a luxury estate located in Penang, Malaysia. The 100 year-old estate was recently redesigned by the Ministry of Design into a luxurious hotel. Mansion Turned Into Hotel
Actor Gérard Depardieu put his Parisian mansion on the market for 50 million Euros. A beautiful private estate boasts 1800 m² – 19 370 sq. ft., with 10 bedrooms, a swimming-pool, a terrace, a balcony, and an elevator. Gérard Depardieu's Parisian Mansion
Michael Bay's Santa Barbara Mansion Goes for Sale at $6.8 million
Director Michael Bay has put his Santa Barbara mansion on the market $6.8 million. The 5,400 square feet house was built in 1993 and designed by an architect Jan Hochhauser. Luxurious Santa Barbara Mansion
Miley Cyrus $3.9 Million California Mansion
Miley Cyrus has bought a new California Mansion in Studio City for $3.9 million after her recent split. See Miley Cyrus' $3.9 Million Luxury Mansion
Osbournes' $12 Million California Mansion For Sale
Osbournes have put up their famous California Hidden Hills mansion for $12 million. The huge luxurious house with the territory of 2.25 acres have six bedrooms and ten bathrooms. Osbournes' Famous Mansion is For Sale
Katy Perry's New 6.5 Million Spanish-Style Mansion
Katy Perry and husband Russel Brand have purchased a new 6.5 million Spanish-style mansion after putting a Hollywood Hills home for sale. Katy Perry's Luxurious Spanish-style Mansion
JK Rowling's $10.7 Million Mansion In Tasmania
A Harry Potter writer JK Rowling has bought a $10.7 million mansion with a farm in Tasmania. Vintage Luxury: JK Rowling's $10.7 Million Mansion In Tasmania
Taylor Swift's New $3.5 Million Home?
According to some reports Taylor Swift is close to buying her new $3.5 million home in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles. Charming & Private: Taylor Swift's New $3.5 Million Home
Britney Spears' New $20 Million Mansion
Britney Spears is said to have bought a luxury 20,000 square feet mansion at $20 million in Hidden Hills. Tudor-style mansion has ten bedrooms and 13 bathrooms. Check out Britney Spears' New $20 Million Mansion
Kim Kardashian's Mansion Interior Design
Kim Kardashian's $4.8million five-bedroom mansion is located in Beverly Hills and made in Tuscan-style featuring four bathrooms and spa. Check out Kim Kardashian's Mansion Interior Design
Facade is a luxury house's face. So the exterior matters as well as interior. Check out Luxury Houses
Drew Barrymore's New Mansion
Drew Barrymore has bought a new mansion in Santa Barbara for $7 million. Check out Drew Barrymore's New Mansion
Lady Gaga's California Mansion
Lady Gaga rents Bel Air mansion to stay at while in California. 6,143 square-foot Beverly Hills mansion with a huge pool and jacuzzi tub costs her $25,000 a month. Check out Lady Gaga's California Mansion
Enmeshed With: The Fishermen Bowls by Olga Bielawska
5 Famous Designer Chairs
Spring Home Decorating Ideas
House of the Past in London


text:
VALRHONA CHOCOLATE PUDDING @ TWA HOTEL
Believe the hoopla. The "TWA Hotel," in Jamaica, Queens, is an amazing space and structure — constructed around a newly refurbished "TWA Flight Center," which is largely recognized as an architectural marvel.
While the hotel opened in May of this year, its main eatery, "Paris Cafe," is still undergoing some significant "growing pains." Even though it's headed by the noted French-American chef, Jean-Georges Vongerichten, the kitchen is just not up to snuff.
By way of yet another example, our final dessert was the "Valrhona Chocolate Pudding — whipped cream — $12.
While you'd never know it from tasting this particular offering, Valrhona is widely considered a French "premium" or "high-grade luxury" chocolate.
Founded in 1922, by French Pastry Chef Albéric Guironnet, this brand is among the world's leading gastronomic chocolate producers. Interestingly, the company has a widely respected pastry school here in NYC — the École Valrhona Brooklyn.
As this dessert has so few ingredients, it's virtually impossible for an experienced chef to get it wrong. But this dish was devoid of "intensity" or "gravitas.
The whipped cream tasted watery. It was "thin" and lacked sufficient sweetness. We were also hoping for a "rich," "silky" "decadent" chocolate flavor, but basically got a mixture that was "gritty" and "sandy" — so much so, that this concoction could be thrown on snow and ice to prevent trips and falls.
Because no one liked this $12 mush, it ultimately scored a "C-." (By this point, some of the ladies at the table were "tired of all the "Fs," and lightened up a bit on the scoring ... but they insisted that we leave. And that we did.)
You may wish to spare yourself the torture.
Follow Lucas on Instagram: @lucasaferrara
Food, generally
Restaurants, generally


Meet the future Einsteins: The kids taking over A.I.
It's Saturday morning and Toronto-born Tommy Moffat is hunched over his computer. The award-winning programmer is fixated on getting the algorithm behind his A.I.-fuelled robot up and running.
Despite an impressive Rolodex that includes contact details for influencers at some of today's hottest tech companies, Moffat isn't an entrepreneur at some high-flying startup or engineer at a high-profile tech company. In fact, he's just a teenager living in Burlington, Ontario. Although, you would be hardpressed to believe it by just looking at his resume.
At 16 years old, he's accomplished what it takes some professionals a lifetime to achieve. Earlier this month he spoke at the 2017 Toronto Machine Learning conference, alongside industry heavyweights, like Ozge Yeloglu, chief data scientist at Microsoft Canada, and Google Brain's Aidan Gomez.
He also recently placed in the top one percent for his age group at an international conference and is slated to join a new startup, called Gradient Ascent, where he'll be the youngest member of staff.
Teen prodigies making a difference using A.I.
Artificial intelligence has transformed how people around the world access data. It's created a new way for everyday engineers to change lives by helping machines do what humans can't: analyze data at lightning-fast speeds.
Moffat's right. He's not the only teenager focused on making the world a better place.
Kavya Kopparapu, also 16, has created an application that A.I. app that can cheaply and quickly diagnose diabetic retinopathy. The eye disease, associated with diabetes, and can lead to blindness if not treated early.
"One of the most important applications of artificial intelligence is in medicine, in saving lives," she explains in a recent TED Talk. "I envision … a future where a diagnosis is available to anyone, regardless of where they live, money or even electricity. I envision a future where we can save lives".
Vik Pant isn't surprised by today's tech-leaning youth. Especially teens choosing to specialize in A.I.; a burgeoning new area in tech that's expected to grow in the future.
The only challenge he can see is a discrepancy between those, like Moffat, who posses new-age tech skills and those that don't. Primarily, youth from lower-income brackets who might have access to tools they require.
Moffat agrees. Thankfully, the learning opportunities that exist today have grown beyond what was available as little as 10 years ago. Now people, at any age, can start learning online. It's this type of thinking that drives Moffat's to one day become an industry expert in A.I.


2010: Graeme McDowell was Europe's hero at Celtic Manor, winning the decisive singles match against Hunter Mahan to clinch the cup.
2008: A fired up USA side won convincingly at Valhalla in 2008, ending a streak of 3 successive victories for Europe.
2006: An emotional Ryder Cup which saw Darren Clarke, playing just shortly after his wife passed away, win 3 points to help lead Europe to victory at The K Club.
2004: It was only fitting that Colin Montgomerie holed the winning putt in 2004, when Europe beat the USA by the largest margin of victory since 1981.
2002: This years captain Paul McGinley dramatically holed the winning putt for Europe on the 18th green at The Belfry back in 2002.
1999: The "Battle at Brookline" was one of the most controversial Ryder Cup's in history, with the US winning narrowly 14.5-13.5.
1997: The late Seve Ballesteros captained Europe to victory in his home nation of Spain at Valderrama in 1997.
1995: Unheralded Irish rookie Philip Walton sealed victory for Europe by beating Jay Haas 1up at Oak Hill.
1993: Davis Love III secured victory for the US at The Belfry, beating Constantino Rocca on the 18th green on Sunday.
1991: Bernard Langer's short missed putt on the 18th green in 1991's "War on the Shore" meant the US prevailed by just a single point.
1989: The formidable partnership of Ballesteros and Olazabal was unbeaten at The Belfry in 1989 as Europe retained the cup.


The opening of the third exhibition "Skimming" gallery Farrarons Fenoglio Contemporary Art was held on Thursday, June 5th at 19hs at Mitre 442, Local 21 of the Paseo de la Catedral and can be seen until September inclusive .
This exhibition aims through a journey and low-flying, put a small meditative foot, a minimum weightless platform to amplify and refer to a wide range of artistic traditions where it is woven and has half the picture. The drawing, in his founding role in understanding creativity in the complex body embodied as a philosophical tool and as a constituent of an expressive means to organize and transmit knowledge; the meaning and significance to the origins of ideas.
This time you can enjoy the works of 7 artists: Lucas Di Pacuale, Lorraine Green, Gabriela Herrera, Claudia del Rio, Leonardo Cavalcante, Margarita Rosenkjaer and Sofia Courtaux.
This exhibition will be by renowned curator Daniel Fischer has also invited for this occasion two prestigious Curators: Rabossi Cecilia and Carina Cagnolo who through different texts on the exhibited works will help us assess them and reflect on them.


text:
DU Home » Latest Threads » Forums & Groups » Topics » Environment & Energy » Environment & Energy (Group) » Investment in renewables ...
Thu Jun 27, 2013, 01:18 PM
FBaggins (18,633 posts)
Investment in renewables (UK) may get hit despite rise in wind farm subsidies
Subsidies for wind farms, added to the bills of energy consumers, will rise by nearly 10% from next year under the government's reforms of the electricity market. But uncertainties under the new regime, detailed on Thursday, may mean renewable energy companies still find it impossible to invest. The government has not reached a deal with the nuclear operator EDF on what level of support it should receive from energy bill payers for new reactors, but ministers promised a loan guarantee programme that could be worth £10bn.
Wind turbine operators and manufacturers have been holding off on tens of billions of pounds of investment in the UK, over fears that subsidies would be cut to unsustainable levels. The draft subsidy level – the "strike price" – will be £155 per megawatt hour for offshore wind farms from 2014, falling to £135 in 2018. For onshore wind farms, which are cheaper to build and run, it will be £100 falling to £95 in 2018. That compares with prices of about £90 per mwh for onshore under the current subsidy system, and about £130 for offshore wind, under the current Renewables Obligation, which runs to 2017.
...snip...
But the new "contracts for difference" will run for only 15 years, compared with 20 years under the old system, and this will reduce investor certainty and their appetite for pouring billions into the UK's green economy, renewables experts warned. Maria McCaffery, chief executive of RenewableUK, which represents wind companies, said: "The levels of the strike prices are challenging but possible considering the reduced time periods that renewables will be supported for under contract for difference system compared to the Renewable Obligation. However, more details need to be set out. The most important ingredient remains investor confidence and that will take time to land. The secret is consistent long term support and investors seeing that government is behind renewables and low carbon generation for the long term."
government is firmly opposing a proposed EU-wide target on renewable energy generation for 2030. Clean energy experts say this would spell disaster for investment, because the certainty provided by the current EU target – of generating 20% of energy from renewable sources by 2020 – has been key to spurring the development of alternative energy, which in turn has brought down costs and made low-carbon electricity more competitive with fossil fuels.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/jun/27/windfarms-renewable-energy-subsidies
Investment in renewables (UK) may get hit despite rise in wind farm subsidies (Original post)
FBaggins Jun 2013 OP
Take offshore out of the mix
pscot Jun 2013 #1
Response to FBaggins (Original post)
pscot (20,853 posts)
1. Take offshore out of the mix
and the financials look better. Risk goes down. The market speaks. I thought they liked that.
Environment & Energy (Group)


The Psilocybe cubensis MycoMate® Thai Magic Mushroom grow kit is slightly different than the grow kits you might have used before. This is seen only in the substrate recipe and is a secret not just shared with everyone. Not even with us!
Close any open windows. Wind or draft may bring microorganisms that can contaminate the Psilocybe cubensis 'Thai' Magic Mushroom grow kit.
When taking out the grow box with the cake from the carton box, put it on a disinfected surface. If this surface would not be clean, microorganisms may attach to the grow box and will flourish inside the Psilocybe cubensis 'Thai' Magic Mushroom grow kit and will contaminate the grow box.
Place the paperclip on the fold, so the bag stays closed. Now the Psilocybe cubensis 'Thai' Magic Mushroom grow kit is ready to grow.
Place the Psilocybe cubensis 'Thai' Magic Mushroom grow kit inside the carton box, on top of the ziploc with lid.
Read, download or watch the instructions for the MycoMate® Thai magic mushroom grow kit.
The Psilocybe cubensis MycoMate® Thai Magic Mushroom Grow Kit only needs light for the mycelium to 'understand' it has reached the surface. Only then, mushrooms will grow. A few hours of fluorescent/artificial light or indirect sunlight a day is more than enough. Direct sunlight kills the mycelium, so avoid the sun to shine directly on the grow kit.
To continue, follow the same steps 3 – 7 as before when you started the process for the first time. Several days later, a new flush will appear. You can get at least 2 or 3 flushes out of a Psilocybe cubensis 'Thai' Magic mushroom grow kit. If you are experienced in cultivating, you can get more flushes out of a kit.
When no more mushrooms grow out of a grow kit after the second flush for at least three weeks, or when the Psilocybe cubensis 'Thai' Magic Mushroom grow kit turns green, red, grey or yellow; the grow kit can be disposed of. The change in color is a sign that the grow kit is contaminated with another fungus or bacteria. No more mushrooms will grow out of the Psilocybe cubensis 'Thai' Magic mushroom grow kit and the grow kit should be thrown away in the garbage outside.


text:
Global policymakers must intervene to prevent spread of disaffection, warns Lagarde
Emma Rumney
Policymakers everywhere will face the forces that have helped fuel global inequality, discontent and events like Brexit, the International Monetary Fund chief has predicted.
WEb_IMF_ChristineLagarde_17169021875_5ac675797e_o.jpg
Christine Lagarde. Credit: IMF Staff Photo/Stephen Jaffe
Speaking at an event in Washington DC earlier this week, Lagarde said that, while the sentiment was a result of the negative consequences of globalisation, it also reflected job displacement triggered by big technological breakthroughs, and changes in manufacturing and the way services are provided.
"We will see more and more of that," she said. "That phenomenon is [in advanced economies now] but will be elsewhere in the future. And all policymakers have to be aware of it and prepare."
She pointed to countries such as Bangladesh, where more than 3.5 million people were employed in the textiles and clothing industries in 2011, according to the most recent data from the United Nations.
"A lot of the textile industry jobs in 10 years' time will have disappeared, replaced by a combination of artificial intelligence and robots," she said. "There are thousands and thousands of jobs at risk there."
She said this put a "heavy burden" on policymakers to ensure people were properly educated and equipped with the ability to adjust, retrain and move from one job to the other.
"It will be a massive change," she said. "There have been massive changes in the past as well, which have been feared and raised anxiety … What we need to do, being informed of what has happened in the past, is prepare for that."
Lagarde also reiterated the fund's argument that, while globalisation has had some negative consequences, overall free trade had been positive for the world. She stressed countries should now focus on securing the benefits of trade and ensuring no one is left behind, rather than turning away from globalisation altogether.
On Greece, she held firm on the belief that the embattled country has too much debt. The fund has so far refused to participate in the Greece's third, €86bn bailout as a result.
Talks between the IMF, Greece and the country's European creditors on reducing its burden are continuing, with possible measures including an extension of maturities or long-run caps on interest rates.
Lagarde stressed: "Something's got to give. Either we cannot provide financing and the Europeans have to sort it out or, if we are providing financing, then the debt has to be sustainable. And, for the debt to be sustainable, it has to be reduced in terms of debt services and debt overall."
The focus of the event, however, was on gender equality. Lagarde said she would like to "go further", building on initiatives such as gender budgeting, to include "gender surveillance and gender programming".
This would see a gender element built in to the IMF's regular health checks on countries' economies and its financial aid packages. In the latter case, fund support would be contingent on countries implementing prescribed reforms to support women in the economy.
Emma is a reporter at Public Finance International. She also writes for Public Finance in the UK.
Read her tweets: @emma_pfi
Globalisation latest
France and US pledge cooperation to avoid trade war
Public spending slashed in poor countries due to debt crises
IMF calls on governments to challenge rhetoric against free trade
'Fix world tax system to tackle inequality', economic leaders urged
Higher global growth predictions "likely to be realised", IMF says
Take a pay cut or leave government, Ukrainian ministers warned
Protests held in George Weah's Liberia as economy continues to flounder
IMF approves PFM reform programme for Angola
We need to work together to improve public sector accounting
Workshop for strategic IT directors at CIPFA London
Public Finance Innovation Awards 2019
Decoding the future


As far as I know Java is what basic games are coded in, (Excluding the ones that use all the editors like UDK, DarkBasic, etc).
Just wondering what PHP's main purpose is, I assumed it was Servers but looking around it seems a lot more in depth than that, so anyone fancy giving me a quick run-down of what PHP's main use is.
PHP's main use is web software and database communication. Wordpress uses PHP. Forum software uses PHP. Content management systems use PHP.
I don't really know how to explain it really, Adam will give you a better answer if he replies.


text:
Christian Ministry Backs Out of Planned Parenthood Partnership
CP Politics | Friday, June 06, 2008
By Alexander J. Sheffrin, Christian Post Reporter
Habitat for Humanity – the nation's largest Christian ministry dedicated to housing the poor – announced that it would end its scheduled partnership with Planned Parenthood after the agreement generated media attention and criticism among Christian groups.
In a statement, Jim Sedlack of the American Life League, wrote approvingly of the decision of Habitat for Humanity to back out of the deal.
"Organizations must realize that associating themselves with Planned Parenthood – operators of the nation's largest abortion chain – will be viewed negatively by many good people in this country," he said. "Planned Parenthood is a controversial organization and that controversy will transfer to any group associated with Planned Parenthood."
In the scheduled agreement, Habitat for Humanity would have allowed the abortion provider to bypass zoning regulations in Sarasota, Fla., that restrict the opening of abortion facilities "without the presence of a multifamily liner building" with a $10 real estate transaction.
On Tuesday, the Christian ministry's board of directors of its Sarasota branch voted to "dissociate" itself from the project after the scheduled transaction became public and drew hundreds of protesting phone calls and e-mails.
Duane Bates, director of public and media relations for the national Habitat organization, explained that the organization had erred in its judgment.
"Habitat for Humanity of Sarasota has declined a donation of land from Planned Parenthood, stating that accepting the land 'would not be in the best interests of our ongoing work in the community, the families we seek to serve or the broader Habitat for Humanity community," he said, according to Cybercast News.
Dawn Vargo, bioethics analyst for Focus on the Family Action, said she was delighted that Habitat for Humanity would back out its of deal with Planned Parenthood. However, she believed the group should have known better.
"It would appear as though they have recognized that Planned Parenthood is on the opposite end of the spectrum when it comes to valuing human life and advocating for the needy and defenseless," she explained in a statement. "Hopefully, they will remember this in the future before aligning themselves with organizations that promote the destruction of innocent human life."
Founded in 1976 as a Christian non-profit and non-governmental organization by Millard and Linda Fuller in Americus, Ga., Habitat for Humanity has built over 200,000 homes in its cause to provide housing for the needy.
Christian Ministry Criticized for Planned Parenthood Partnership
5 Christian students killed in crash after visiting Bible college: 'They knew Jesus as their redeeming Savior'
NASA astronaut says science 'doesn't contradict' Christianity; Bible museum opens new exhibit
Kamala Harris omits 'right to life' when quoting Declaration of Independence on Roe's anniversary
Pro-life group warns Republicans not to seek 'middle ground' on abortion
Appeals court rejects Christian therapist's lawsuit against Wash. state over 'conversion therapy' ban
'Pro-Life Spiderman' climbs skyscrapers, risks everything to 'save these babies'


text:
Hands On With Jolla's First Phone — The "Spearhead Device" For Its MeeGo-Successor Sailfish OS
The first handset from Finnish smartphone startup Jolla is simply called Jolla. This phone has been some two years in the making — a timeframe that testifies to the complexity of building handset hardware and a new mobile platform, not to mention rallying developers and achieving Android compatibility. So really two years ain't bad for a plucky startup whose members used to work for erstwhile king-of-the-mobile-world, Nokia, and left to do what that phone maker decided it couldn't: make a go of MeeGo as an alternative to Google's all-consuming Android.
What was MeeGo on Nokia's N9 is now Sailfish on Jolla's eponymous handset. The Jolla phone finally launched on Wednesday, in Helsinki, with the first 450 devices taken home mainly by those who had already registered their interest via a pre-sales campaign. Jolla is now shipping handsets to other pre-orderers throughout Europe. The top three countries for pre-sales were, in order of popularity, Finland (as you'd expect), Germany and the U.K.
TechCrunch got hands-on with Jolla's first phone for a few hours at a London press event, where two co-founders, Marc Dillon and Sami Pienimäki, were also on hand to answer questions.
[gallery ids="921150,921144,921149,921147,921142,921141,921151,921146,921143,921148,921140,921145"]
The Jolla phone hardware reforms the standard smartphone slab into an attractive plastic sandwich, as if two blocks of different coloured liquorice have been smacked together. The back piece — which was plain white on the above demo device but comes in bright pink for Finnish carrier DNA's first batch of the phones, and in customisable colours in future when Jolla starts direct sales via its own website — is known as The Other Half.
Like Jolla's software The Other Half is intended as an extensible platform — with connectors built into the back of the phone for power and a bus connection for data transfer allowing for Other Halves that could incorporate a physical Qwerty keyboard, for instance, or a weather station sensor or even an e-ink screen, as well as the NFC-powered software theme-swapping supported by the current crop of shells.
"Putting something like a keyboard is expected," said Jolla co-founder Marc Dillon. "We are working on the developers kit so that anybody can do this… We're working on accessories, and we expect third parties to work on accessories."
The standard Jolla handset (i.e. with a not-too-fancy Other Half) is a nice size and weight in the hand — neither too big to be overbearing, nor too hefty or lightweight to feel unpleasant to hold. On paper, its specs come across as relatively mid-range — with a 4.5″ display, a dual-core chip, 4G, an 8MP camera plus 16GB of internal memory expandable via microSD card. But differentiating on phone hardware specs is not what Jolla is all about.
Its difference lies in the MeeGo-derived Sailfish software platform, and an open philosophy that wants developers — and other companies — to come in and build all sorts of software and hardware extensions atop this platform. The Jolla phone is a showcase for what Jolla the startup can do — tl;dr: see here what we built for ourselves, why not let us build something for you?
"You can't really have an operating system without a spearhead device, and although we've been talking to almost everybody that's in the mobile space over the last two years, almost every kind of manufacturer, I think they've all been waiting to see what we actually are capable of," Dillon told TechCrunch.
"Because if you just look, people wise, then we're really small compared to these guys. Their coffee budget is probably as much as we've spent to create this device!… So now they have a way to judge our capabilities by taking a real device and looking at it, and seeing what it does."
Despite this b2b sales pitch, Jolla is committed to its own consumer play too — believing there is appetite for something new and different to shake up the samey-same smartphone space.
Dillon said about 80% of those who pre-ordered its handset earlier this year — in some instances without putting any down money down — have been converted into sales. Jolla hasn't confirmed exactly how many devices were pre-ordered, saying only that it was a "typical" sized production batch — of up to 50,000 units. But it did take in €1 million's worth of sales on the phone's launch day, according to Dillon.
Doing a back-of-an-envelope calculation, by dividing that figure by the phone's standard €399 price-tag, equates to 2,500 Jolla handsets sold in one day. Albeit, the pre-sales campaign muddies the water a little. Either way, generating €1 million in revenue in a day ain't bad for a new kid on the phone block.
Indeed, getting a smartphone to market when you're a startup of 80+ full-time employees, not an electronics behemoth like Apple or Samsung, is a monumental achievement in itself. But it is also just the start for Jolla. Now the even harder work of community building kicks off in earnest — if it's to turn one phone into a whole new-wave open mobile movement.
Passion projects attract fans. And Jolla is clearly a passion project for Dillon, who tells me he personally shook the hand of everyone standing in line in Helsinki's Narinkka Square for Wednesday's Jolla launch. And for all the ex-Nokians who made the decision to leave to carry on developing a platform that Nokia was abandoning.
Jolla's early buyers are also clearly passionate about the potential of (another) homegrown mobile platform. The question is whether Jolla can build a community beyond these nostalgic origins. Dillon argues it's already doing that — and that the launch event was characterised by a broad spectrum of interest.
"There was everyone from high school students to retired people. There were men and women, different nationalities — there was of course a lot of Finns, being Finland, but there was also people had come in from some other countries," he said.
"That was one of the things that we were actually curious about. Usually you have a set of early adopters for a new technology platform — we seem to break that. We had a very wide demographic who was taking our first device."
I believe that people are looking for something different. Imagine if you could only buy two car choices in the world.
Why does he think Jolla is attracting diversity? "I think that the reason that people have had a lot of interest in us is there's this David vs Goliath thing but also the fact that instead of just being a corporate face we're coming out as people and we're interested in people, and we are people, and I think there's been a personal connection that we've made with a lot of people.
"And I believe that people are looking for something different. Imagine if you could only buy two car choices in the world. People can only buy what's offered to them — and they've have had the same kind of experience for five years. So there's a curiosity to see what happens next."
But launches are by their nature exciting. The everyday reality of technology is that people crave the unexciting stuff too — functionality, reliability, stability, simplicity, (app) familiarity, and so on. Those are areas where Jolla has work to do. Its new mobile platform is inevitably an oxymoron: it's both shiny and rough round the edges.
The Jolla UI is different to Android and iOS, excitingly so, to the point where you can feel its potential to offer something fluid, flexible and freeing to use. It also generally feels fast and responsive — although there is a small lag when opening or switching between apps, and progress bars pop up for certain actions which you might not expect, such as deleting a single photo.
But it's inevitably still got a lot of kinks to iron out, including actual bugs that cause apps to crash or mess up, but also counterintuitive quirks — things not always working as you'd expect. One of the biggest challenges for Jolla is undoubtedly the learning curve its newness demands of users now fully embedded with icon-based, back-button-sign-posted mainstream user interfaces.
Navigating around Jolla's UI requires a different set of gestures to iOS and Android; there's no back button, there are very few buttons at all — it's more push and pull, more like BlackBerry 10 or even Windows Phone, with gestures for peeking at content, and pulling in more stuff lurking off screen. (Of course Jolla would say its interface is Unlike all the rest.)
Other gestures close or minimise apps — the latter being displayed as small widgets on the homescreen which you can also interact with, if the developer has added in such functionality. So, for instance, you can refresh a webpage from the browser widget or command it open a new tab, or dive right in to search for an app on Jolla's app store just by swiping left (or right) on the corresponding homescreen widget.
To navigate generally, the user has to follow subtle clues — such as a glowing bar that sometimes appears at the top or bottom of the screen or a menu, to signify there's a list of actions that can be dragged on screen and selected within the same movement; or breadcrumbs of dots that appear at the top corner of the screen, which signify there are other screens' worth of content waiting to be swiped into view.
Getting the hang of these elements is not the work of days, but it does take patience and a willingness to learn something new — something Jolla unfortunately can't take for granted. Users also have to contend with Sailfish gestures being combined with Android nav elements (such as the Android back button and recent apps key) when running Android apps. Which dilutes Sailfish's signposts with the very Android paradigms it's hoping to supersede.
"We got rid of the home button — so we did eliminate one of them, but the back button, unfortunately, even though we have our own forward and back solution the [Android] applications still [use] so we still have to have those buttons," said Dillon.
Jolla is working on getting a community portal rolled out to its website, which will include a forum where users can help each other out with queries — to supplement its already launched online care channel. It's also making a series of how to videos to explain Sailfish navigation and gestures. And will be staffing a variety of social media contact points where people might be looking for answers, says Dillon. Plus there's an on-device tutorial that walks users through the gesture basics.
All of this will certainly help, but getting people to switch from something they know to something different is by definition pushing water uphill — as Microsoft's long hard slog to get Windows Phone to stick underlines.
Then of course there is the big challenge for any 'other' platform: the app gap that won't go away. Even with Android compatibility — and Yandex's app store preloaded — Jolla is inevitably starting a long way behind the Android-powered competition. In terms of native Sailfish apps (accessed via the Jolla store), there are but a handful at launch — I counted about 28 on the device, which includes basic stuff like an email client and a document viewer. There's also no support for paid Sailfish apps, as yet, but that important developer incentive is coming down the line.
And then Yandex's Android store presents only a smaller sub-set (apparently 85,000) of the apps Android users get on Google Play (one million+), so inevitably a lot of titles you'd find on bog standard Android are not on these shelves. (And while you may be able to sideload some Android apps, there's no guarantee of smooth or even workable compatibility with Sailfish).
Even tapping directly into the Android apps on the preloaded Yandex Store isn't a guarantee of smooth results as there are ongoing compatibility issues at this (early) point. Notably, the Android runtime sometimes spontaneously takes over the interface, dragging the user back to an Android app they had quit out of, as if Mountain View is wrestling back control from this open mobile upstart.
Compatibility issues also mean Android apps can appear buggy, with elements failing to correctly mesh with native Sailfish elements such as the keyboard, or degrading the experience so the app feels sluggish. On the other hand, other Android apps — such as Twitter — seemed to perform ok during my hands on so it's not all bad. But it is inconsistent, and Jolla's Dillon concedes the startup does have work to do on the Android compatibility front.
Regardless of myriad consumer-facing challenges, he says Jolla is in it for the long haul. It's committed to providing its early adopters with a device that improves and continues to evolve, rather than hardware that withers on the vine (as Nokia's N9 did). "The most important thing for us is that we continue to add value for everyone that bought this," he said. "What features we do next, we believe the consumers should have a say in what the priorities are — and we will continue to deliver new features via the software."
Jolla apparently has enough funding to sustain that effort too — with an alliance of industry backers committing to buoy up Sailfish to the tune of €200 million. Back in February Jolla itself also took in a €1 million investment from a Hong Kong based telecoms & mining firm, China Fortune, in exchange for 6.25% of the company. Chinese e-commerce giants Alibaba and Baidu have also been floated as future potential partners for Jolla — albeit that might just be wishful thinking at this point.
Jolla co-founder Sami Pienimäki said the company's already spent about €20 million getting to the starting point of being able to release its first handset, running the Sailfish OS. How much more it may need to nurture and build out an ecosystem to really get Sailfish moving remains to be seen.
But why might other mobile makers want to use Jolla's software to power their own devices? "Just using Sailfish is a differentiator already because we were able to take a fresh look and do something new," said Dillon, when I pose this question. "We [also] have no competing services, or no required embedded services" — a veiled reference to how Google tries to keep its Android OEMs (and developers) in line, by dangling the carrot of access to its Play store.
Beyond 'not being Android', Dillon argues that Sailfish is a place where the next wave of mobile innovation can occur — a liberal space for experimentation, for forming a way beyond the status quo of segmented services and individual apps consumed in a cacophonous pick'n'mix. Somewhere where smarter, more unified and better targeted services can be developed.
This is just the beginning of how I believe mobile's going to start to break this application barrier.
"What I think the platforms are going to do — and where a real differentiation is going to occur — is when services start to get integrated here [on the homescreen] and not just sticking your application and embedding it into the device but actually connecting multiple applications together to make a more seamless experience," he told TechCrunch.
Instead of users harvesting data from multiple apps and places individually within a device, Dillon envisages a platform where more and more apps plug into each other to funnel data to where it's needed rather than sitting in separate silos that the user is required to visit.
"I don't want to deal with events the second that they happen all of the time, so when I look [at my Jolla phone] I see that there's these phone calls that I've made, so there's a constant reminder that these are the people in my life at the moment that I'm communicating with… The same with messages… or email… This is just the beginning of how I believe mobile's going to start to break this application barrier," he said.
"These kinds of synergies between things is just starting, so that you don't have to cross apps all the time," he added. "What we're doing is we're creating a place where these things — well beyond what I can think of or tell you today — are going to occur.
"The openness of the platform lets a developer, a company, an entrepreneur, a new business take something from the user experience all the way down to the hardware, the metal, the silicon — across to one or more Internet services, and provide something that is going to connect a user to one or more services that are locally relevant, that are important to you right now and not spammy."
All that is for the uncertain future. For now, Jolla has shown a startup can make a smartphone. So it's already proven a lot of its doubters wrong. It's also positioned itself to take up the baton from Nokia, as THE Finnish mobile maker — just as Nokia prepares to give up that role (by selling its Devices & Services unit to Microsoft). Which is cruel or opportune timing, depending on your perspective.
Building a new smartphone on a new platform is already an impressive achievement. But Jolla isn't about to stop and admire the view. This startup has no intention of letting a single lovingly crafted handset remain its crowning glory. Onward Sails!


Carve the Mark tells the story of rivaling nations on a single planet. From alternating POV's of Cyra, a Shotet, and Akos, a Thuvheien, we see how are two enemies grow to accept the fates they were given by the Oracles.
So, lets tackled that Racism bit. I honestly don't know what all the fuss is about. And maybe it's because I give Roth the benefit of the doubt that she wasn't intentionally making it so. With that being said, I read this after I read somewhere that there were racial undertones and didn't even notice. I honestly don't think they're that noticeable unless you're looking for it. But if that's the case you can find stereotyping or racial similarities in a lot of books, but the reality is, SOMEONES gotta be the bad guy, the lesser race, or the unfortunate soul.
Okay, so now that the nasty stuff is out of the way, I am going to point one other thing about the book that made me cringe.
I absolutely hated that they called their smaller space ships 'floaters'. Every single time I read it I thought of my brother coming over to me to look at his floaters. in. the. toilet. Yeah. I pictured a bunch of turds hovering around the sky carrying passengers. The comical part was that I also paired it with the bubbly noise for the little space ships in the Jetsons. Ladies and Gentlemen, I give you Scrill's imagination.
So, the idea's behind the book were great. From the current gifts that each person had, to the fates that they can try to change, to the culture created by each nation/planet. Unfortunately I found the story to be slow paced and pretty boring. Chapter 31 suddenly became very YA romance-y and I felt the chapter didn't fit quite well with the rest of the book or the characters. In the end, I have zero desire to continue the series.


text:
Cenk Uygur mocks Palin's Wisconsin rant: 'She has no f*cking idea what she's saying'
Arturo Garcia
Cenk Uygur discusses Sarah Palin on April 4, 2016. (The Young Turks)
Young Turks host Cenk Uygur gave his thoughts on Monday on Sarah Palin's bizarre speech last week during a Republican event in Milwaukee -- but not without some effort on his part.
"What on God's green Earth is she talking about?" Uygur said after playing footage of Palin's remarks on Friday on behalf of Donald Trump.
Palin has come under criticism for accusing Trump's opponents of "inducing and seducing" undocumented immigrants into coming to the US with promises of "a gift basket of teddy bears and soccer balls." Uygur said her speaking style is influenced by her experience as a sportscaster and learning to finish her sentences in "-ing," so that she would sound "more present."
"She doesn't realize that's a dumb way of talking," he explained. "She thinks, 'They taught me this smart way of talking.'"
Palin only "accidentally" became governor of Alaska, Uygur argued, because she promised to distribute more of the state's oil proceeds among its residents, which he actually supported.
"That's the only thing she ever did right and the only reason she was governor and was popular as governor," he said. "Everything from that was downhill, 'cause she has no f*cking idea what she's saying."
Watch Uygur's commentary, as aired on Monday, below.


Q1-FCU is compatible with Fan Coil equipment up to 4 stages of fan, 4-stages of cooling, 4-stages of heating.
Application is compatible with Q1 Hardware. Compatible with any supply/exhaust fans or space heating/cooling equipment.


text:
Stand By Me Doraemon 2 CG: Two Cast Members Added For Cameo In Anime Film!
NewsAnime
Stand By Me Doraemon 2 CG anime film is right on track for a November release. The film's team just announced new guest cast members for the film on Wednesday. Here's everything you need to know about the announcement!
Stand By Me Doraemon 2 CG: The New Cast Members!
Comedian Bakarhythm (Hidetomo Masuno) and Television announcer Shin'ichi Hatori will appear for cameo roles in the anime film. Bakarhythm will play Nakameguro's role in the film. Nakameguro is a salesman for the Future Department Store that sends gadgets for Doraemon from the future.
Shin'ichi Hatori will play the Substitution Rope's voice, a device from the Future Department Store.
Source: TOHO animation
Satoshi Tsumabuki will return to play adult Nobita. Nobuko Miyamoto will give her voice for Nobita's grandmother. Tomokazu Seki will resume his role as Doraemon. Megumi Oohara, Yumi Kakazu, Subaru Kimura will play the roles of Nobita (child), Shizuka, Gian, and Suneo, respectively.
Release Date!
The film is mainly based on the franchise's 2000 film Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections. It is titled Doraemon: Obachan no Omoide in Japan. Additionally, the main essence of the film will not get lost. Shizuka and Nobita's love story will continue at its pace present in the previous Stand By Me Doraemon film.
The film is all set to land in Japan on November 20. Originally, the film was scheduled to release on August 7. The coronavirus pandemic disrupted the schedule and so the release was postponed. Ryuichi Yagi and Takashi Yamazaki will return to direct the film. Yamazaki will write the film's script.
The first Stand By Me Doraemon film marked the franchise's first 3D CG. The movie managed to earn 8.38 billion yen (about US$77.16 million) in Japan. It bagged over 10 billion yen worldwide (about US$90 million) in the box-office collection.
Eiga Doraemon: Nobita no Shin Kyoryū (Doraemon the Movie: Nobita's New Dinosaur) is the franchise's 2D anime film. It was originally going to release on March 6. Now, it will premiere on August 7 in Japan.
Also read: Stand By Me Doraemon 2 CG: Anime Film Trailer And Details Out
Doraemon has been of the favorite fictional character of all time. People of all ages love to watch it. Its box office collection is a testament to its popularity.
We will bring more film's details very soon. Until then, stay tuned and keep reading!
Sword Art Online Progressive: Aria Of A Starless Night Releases And Comes On Top
Madhav - November 1, 2021 at 10:55 PM
The Mysterious Spinoff Of City Hunter Anime Closes With Umibōzu
Anjelene Antonette Bosco - October 26, 2021 at 5:09 AM
Ryman's Club A New Anime Releasing Soon!
Akshita - October 25, 2021 at 9:49 PM
The Anime Yo-kai Watch Gets A New Movie Compilation
Anjelene Antonette Bosco - October 21, 2021 at 11:55 PM
Episode 76th And OVA Of Hajime no Ippo Joins Crunchyroll Library
Madhav - October 20, 2021 at 8:43 PM
Hunter x Hunter Celebrates 10th Anniversary With New Visual!
Akshita - October 13, 2021 at 11:26 PM


WELCOME TO THE OFC SUPPLEMENT STORE!
Tramadol is probably the name you will hear most often when someone is talking about a pain reliever sold under Ultram ER, Conzip and Ultram among others. It is a drug used to treat moderate to severe pain in some adults. Tramadol may be prescribed as either a tablet as well as an extended-release tablet or capsule. Extended release tablets work to treat pain 24/7. It is in the opiate narcotic analgesics class of pain relievers. However finding tramadol withdrawal symptom treatment relief and detox remedies can be difficult.
Who is it prescribed for?
With all of the different forms, brands and varying strengths of this drug available, these drugs are prescribed for many conditions. Some forms of this drug are fast acting and can be used for quick pain relief, however there are also extended release capsules that can be used to manage pain round the clock.
Since it works to change how your brain responds to the pain it feels, it increases serotonin levels which in turn provides the patient with pain control. It may be prescribed on a regular basis, or as needed for pain. Common side effects are nausea and dizziness.
What is tramadol withdrawal? What are tramadol withdrawal symptoms?
The 6 withdrawal remedies that can naturally relieve tramadol withdrawal symptoms?
Since this drug falsely raises your serotonin levels, when you stop taking it you will feel the lowered levels severely. However there are several ways you can increase your levels without drugs.
Bright lights and sun exposure have been known to raise serotonin.
A carbohydrate rich diet can also naturally boost your levels; items such as legumes, whole grains and various complex carbs can imbue you with lasting benefits.
One of the simplest ways to lower your withdrawal symptoms is to just throw on your tennis shoes and go for a brisk walk or jog, vigorous exercise along with sunlight will greatly raise serotonin levels.
As well as relieving stress, which allows you to focus on something other than the next fix.
Even massage has great benefits as a source of the extra hormones we need to function.
Anything you can do to make yourself feel good naturally is something to consider, get your "high" from a feeling of accomplishment, exercise, or just a sunny day.
5- htp because it helps boost natural serotonin levels which get critically low after drug abuse.
2. GABA, Magnesium & Calcium for muscle soreness, body aches and joint pain. Which is why this is a good supplement for withdrawal symptom relief.
3. St. Johns Wort as a natural treatment for depression after addiction to opiates, heroin and other drugs.
Eliminate your source. Be sure you can't get them and you won't have the ability. Delete the numbers from your phone, whatever it takes.
Stay busy all the time. If you have time to site around and sulk you will most likely want to use again, because it's the only way you know how to feel good again.
Get an accountability partner. Trust me, you need to have someone who will hold you to what you say you will do. You also need someone who can support you through this difficult initial period of time.