text:
import { declareClassPlugin, declareFactoryPlugin, PluginKind } from '@stryker-mutator/api/plugin';

import { ClearTextReporter } from './clear-text-reporter';
import { dashboardReporterFactory } from './dashboard-reporter';
import { DotsReporter } from './dots-reporter';
import { EventRecorderReporter } from './event-recorder-reporter';
import { ProgressAppendOnlyReporter } from './progress-append-only-reporter';
import { ProgressBarReporter } from './progress-reporter';
import { HtmlReporter } from './html/html-reporter';
import { JsonReporter } from './json-reporter';

export const strykerPlugins = [
  declareClassPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'clear-text', ClearTextReporter),
  declareClassPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'progress', ProgressBarReporter),
  declareClassPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'progress-append-only', ProgressAppendOnlyReporter),
  declareClassPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'dots', DotsReporter),
  declareClassPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'event-recorder', EventRecorderReporter),
  declareClassPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'html', HtmlReporter),
  declareClassPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'json', JsonReporter),
  declareFactoryPlugin(PluginKind.Reporter, 'dashboard', dashboardReporterFactory),
];


text:
tris(branched-alkyl) borate
EC number: - | CAS number: -
Genetic toxicity in vitro
The test item was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of an Ames test (OECD 471, EU Method B.13/14 and USA, EPA OCSPP harmonized guideline- Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test). The test item was also found to be non-clastogenic to human lymphocytes in vitro (OECD 474, EU Method B.10, OPPTS 870.5375 and guidelines/recommendations of the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries).
Link to relevant study records
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
04 June 2014 to 23 June 2014
other: There were no deviations (unplanned changes) from the study plan.
reference to same study
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay
Target gene:
TA1537: his C 3076; rfa-; uvrB-
TA98: his D 3052; rfa-;uvrB-; R-factor
TA1535: his G 46; rfa-; uvrB-
TA100: his G 46; rfa-; uvrB-; R-factor
WP2uvrA: trp-; uvrA-
Species / strain / cell type:
E. coli WP2 uvr A
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
The S9 Microsomal fraction was prepared in-house from male rats induced with Phenobarbitone/beta-Naphthoflavone
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
Eight concentrations of the test item (1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 μg/plate) were assayed in triplicate against each tester strain, using the direct plate incorporation method.
Vehicle / solvent:
The test item was miscible in dimethyl sulphoxide (after an extended period) and acetone at 50 mg/mL in solubility checks performed in-house
Untreated negative controls:
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
True negative controls:
Positive controls:
Positive control substance:
4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
9-aminoacridine
N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
benzo(a)pyrene
other: 2-Aminoanthracene
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
Without Metabolic Activation
0.1 mL of the appropriate concentration of test item, vehicle or appropriate positive control was added to 2 mL of molten trace amino-acid supplemented media containing 0.1 mL of one of the bacterial strain cultures and 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer. These were then mixed and overlayed onto a Vogel-Bonner agar plate. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test. Each concentration of the test item, appropriate positive, vehicle and negative controls, and each bacterial strain, was assayed using triplicate plates.
With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously except that following theaddition of the test item formulation and bacterial culture, 0.5 mL of S9-mix was added to the molten trace amino-acid supplemented media instead of phosphate buffer.
All of the plates were incubated at 37 °C± 3 °C for approximately 48 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).
All bacterial strains must have demonstrated the required characteristics as determined by their respective strain checks.
All tester strain cultures should exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and untreated controls.
All tester strain cultures should be in the range of 0.9 to 9 x 10^9 bacteria per mL.
Diagnostic mutagens (positive control chemicals) must be included to demonstrate both the intrinsic sensitivity of the tester strains to mutagen exposure and the integrity of the S9-mix. All of the positive control chemicals used in the study should induce marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation.
There should be a minimum of four non-toxic test item dose levels.
There should be no evidence of excessive contamination.
There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).
5. Fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out-of-historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).
A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.
Species / strain:
Genotoxicity:
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
initially from 150 and 500 μg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix respectively.
Vehicle controls validity:
Untreated negative controls validity:
Positive controls validity:
Additional information on results:
The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 μg/plate. Results from the first mutation test showed that the test item induced toxicity to all of the bacterial tester strains, initially from 150 and 500 μg/plate in the absence and presence of 89-mix respectively. These results meant that the test item was tested up to the toxic limit in Experiment 2. Results from the second mutation test were identical to Experiment 1 with weakened bacterial background lawns initially noted from 150 and 500 μg/plate in the absence and presence of 89-mix respectively. The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type and exposures with or without 89-mix. No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of 89-mix.
There were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in the first mutation test. Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 2.
All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies thus confirming the activity of the 89-mix and the sensitivity of the bacterial strains.
other: all strains/cell types tested
Migrated from field 'Test system'.
The test item was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.
The test method was designed to be compatible with the guidelines for bacterial mutagenicity testing published by the major Japanese Regulatory Authorities including METI, MHLW and MAFF, the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 471 "Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test", Method B13/14 of Commission Regulation (EC) number 440/2008 of 30 May 2008 and the USA, EPA OCSPP harmonized guideline- Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test.
Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA were treated with the test item using the Ames plate incorporation method at up to eight dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolizing system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors). The dose range for Experiment 1 was predetermined and was 1.5 to 5000 µg/plate. The experiment was repeated on a separate day using fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test item formulations. The dose range was amended, following the results of Experiment 1, and ranged between 0.5 and 1500 µg/plate, depending on presence or absence of S9-mix.
Up to seven test item dose levels were selected in Experiment 2 in arder to achieve both four non-toxic dose levels and the toxic limit of the test item.
The vehicle (acetone) control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.
The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate. Results from the first mutation test showed that the test item induced toxicity to all of the bacterial tester strains, initially from 150 and 500 µg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix respectively. These results meant that the test item was tested up to the taxie limit in Experiment 2. Results from the second mutation test were identical to Experiment 1 with weakened bacterial background lawns initially noted from 150 and 500 µg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix respectively. The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type and exposures with or without S9-mix. No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.
in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
29 July 2014 to 11 December 2014
OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
EU Method B.10 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
EPA OPPTS 870.5375 - In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test
other: 40 CFR 799.9537 TSCA in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
other: chromosome aberration
lymphocytes: human
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
Cells (whole blood cultures) were grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium with HEPES
buffer (MEM), supplemented "in-house" with L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, amphotericin B and 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), at approximately 37 °C with 5% C02 in humidified air. The lymphocytes of fresh heparinized whole blood were stimulated to divide by the addition of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).
S9 Microsomal fraction prepared in-house from male rats induced with Phenobarbitone/p-Naphthoflavone at 80/100 mg/kg/day, orally, for 3 days prior to preparation on day 4
PRELIMINARY TOXICITY TEST
- Dose levels of 0, 9.42, 18.85, 37.70, 75.39, 150.78. 301.56, 603.13, 1206.25 and 2412.5 µg/mL
- Dose levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 μg/mL (4-hour exposure to the test item without S9-mix, followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest)
- Dose levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 160 μg/mL (4-hour exposure to the test item with S9-mix (2 %) followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest)
- Dose levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 0 μg/mL (24-hour continuous exposure to the test item without S9-mix prior to cell harvest)
- Dose levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 0 μg/mL (4-hour exposure to the test item with S9-mix (1 %) followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free medium prior to cell harvest)
other: acetone
Fisher Scientific UK (Batch 1488268)
Experiment 1 in the absence of S9 mix
Sigma (Batch SLBD1982V) dissolved in Minimal Essential Medium; 0.4 µg/mL
Experiment 1 in the presence of S9 mix
cyclophosphamide
Acros (Batch A0302605) dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide; 5 µg/mL
Sigma (Batch SLBG4216V) dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide; 5 µg/mL
- For each experiment, sufficient whole blood was drawn from the peripheral circulation of a non-smoking volunteer who had been previously screened for suitability.
- The volunteer had not knowingly been exposed to high levels of radiation or hazardous chemicals and had not
knowingly recently suffered from a viral infection.
- The cell-cycle time for the lymphocytes from the donors used in this study was determined using BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) incorporation to assess the number of first, second and third division metaphase cells and so calculate the average generation time (AGT).
- The mean value of the AGT for the pool of regular donors used in the laboratory had been determined to be approximately 16 hours under typical experimental exposure conditions.
TEST ITEM PREPARATION
- The molecular weight of the test item was given as 482.5, therefore, the maximum dose level was 4825 μg/mL, which was calculated to be equivalent to 10 mM, the maximum recommended dose level. However, due to solubility issues and the sensitivity of human lymphocytes to acetone, the maximum achievable concentration was 2412.5 μg/mL (equivalent to 5mM).
- The purity of the test item was 100 % and was not accounted for in the test item formulations.
- The test item was insoluble in dimethyl sulphoxide at 482.5 mg/mL but was soluble in acetone at the same concentration in solubility checks performed in-house. Normally, the solvent vehicle is dosed at 100 μL, thereby dosing at 1% of the culture volume (10 mL). However, human lymphocytes are sensitive to acetone at 100 μL; therefore, all of the formulations were prepared at concentrations two times greater than required in the culture flasks.
- To compensate, each formulation was dosed using 50 μL (0.05 mL) aliquots. Consequently, the maximum
concentration was the highest achievable concentration (2412.5 μg/mL).
- Prior to each experiment, the test item was accurately weighed, formulated in acetone and serial dilutions
- There was no significant change in pH when the test item was dosed into media and the osmolality did not increase by more than 50 mOsm (Scott et al., 1991).
- The pH and osmolality readings are presented in the table below.
- The test item was formulated within two hours of it being applied to the test system; the test item formulations were assumed to be stable.
- No analysis was conducted to determine the homogeneity, concentration or stability of the test item formulation because it is not a requirement of the guidelines. This is an exception with regard to GLP and was reflected in the GLP compliance statement.
MICROSOMAL ENZYME FRACTION
- Lot numbers PB/PNF S9 27/07/14 and PB/PNF S9 12/10/14 were used in this study.
- The S9 microsomal fraction was prepared in-house from male rats induced with phenobarbitone/p-Naphthoflavone at 80/100 mg/kg/day, orally, for 3 days prior to preparation on day 4.
- The S9 homogenate was produced by homogenizing the liver in a 0.15 M KCl solution (1 g liver to 3 mL KCl) followed by centrifugation at 9000 g.
- The protein content of the resultant supernatant was adjusted to 20 mg/mL.
- Aliquots of the supernatant were frozen and stored at approximately -196 °C.
- Prior to use, each batch of S9 was tested for its capability to activate known mutagens in the Ames test.
- The S9-mix was prepared prior to the dosing of the test cultures and contained the S9 fraction (10 to 20% (v/v)), MgCl2 (8mM), KCl (33 mM), sodium orthophosphate buffer pH 7.4 (100 mM), glucose-6-phosphate (5 mM) and NADP (5mM).
- The final concentration of S9, when dosed at a 10% volume of S9-mix into culture media, was 2% (preliminary toxicity test and Experiment 1) or 1 % (Experiment 2).
- The procedure was designed and conducted to cause the minimum suffering or distress to the animals consistent with the scientific objectives and in accordance with the Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Shardlow, UK policy on animal welfare and the requirements of the United Kingdom's Animals (Scientific Procedure) Act 1986 Amendment Regulations 2012. The conduct of the procedure may be reviewed, as part of the Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Shardlow, UK Ethical Review Process.
CULTURE CONDITIONS
- Duplicate lymphocyte cultures (A and B) were established for each dose level by mixing MEM, 10 % FBS (9.05 mL), Li-heparin (0.1 mL), phytohaemagglutin (0.1 mL) and heparinised whole blood (0.75 mL).
WITH METABOLIC ACTIVATION (S9) TREAMENT
- After approximately 48 hours incubation at approximately 37 °C, 5% C02 in humidified air, the cultures were transferred to tubes and centrifuged.
- Approximately 9 mL of the culture medium was removed, reserved, and replaced with the required volume of MEM (including serum) and 0.05 mL of the appropriate solution of vehicle control or test item was added to each culture.
- For the positive control, the appropriate solution (0.1 mL) was added to the cultures.
- S9-mix 20 % (1 mL) was added to the cultures of the preliminary toxicity test and of Experiment 1 to give 2 % final concentration of S9 in standard co-factors.
- In Experiment 2, S9-mix 10 % (1 mL) was added to give. 1 % final concentration of S9 in standard co-factors,
- All cultures were then returned to the incubator. The nominal final volume of each culture was 10 mL.
- After 4 hours at approximately 37 °C, 5% and C02 in humidified air, the cultures were centrifuged,
the treatment medium removed by suction and replaced with an 8 mL wash of MEM culture medium.
- After a further centrifugation the wash medium was removed by suction and replaced with the original culture medium. The cells were then re-incubated for a further 20 hours at approximately 37 °C in 5% C02 in humidified air.
WITHOUT METABOLIC ACTIVATION (S9) TREATMENT
- In Experiment 1, after approximately 48 hours incubation at approximately 3 7 °C with 5% C02
in humidified air, the cultures were decanted into tubes and centrifuged.
- Approximately 9 mL of the culture medium was removed and reserved. The cells were then resuspended in the required volume of fresh MEM (including serum) and dosed with 0.05 mL of the appropriate vehicle control, test item solution or 0.1 mL of positive control solution. The total volume for each culture was a nominal 10 mL.
- After 4 hours at approximately 37 °C in 5% C02 in humidified air, the cultures were centrifuged the treatment medium was removed by suction and replaced with an 8 mL wash of MEM culture medium.
- After a further centrifugation the wash medium was removed by suction and replaced with the reserved original culture medium. The cells were then returned to the incubator for a further 20 hours.
- In Experiment 2, in the absence of metabolic activation, the exposure was continuous for 24 hours. Therefore, when the cultures were established the culture volume was a nominal 9.9 mL.
- After approximately 48 hours incubation the cultures were removed from the incubator and dosed with 0.05 mL of vehicle control, test item dose solution or 0.1 mL of positive control solution. The nominal final volume of each culture was 10 mL. The cultures were then incubated at approximately 37 °C in 5% C02 in humidified air for 24 hours.
- The preliminary toxicity test was performed using both of the exposure conditions as described for Experiment 1 and for Experiment 2 in the absence of metabolic activation only.
- Three exposure groups were used.
(i) 4 hours exposure to the test item without S9-mix, followed by a 20-hour recovery period
in treatment-free media, 4(20)-hour exposure.
(ii) 4 hours exposure to the test item with S9-mix (2%), followed by a 20-hour recovery
period in treatment-free media, 4(20)-hour exposure.
(iii) 24-hour continuous exposure to the test item without S9-mix.
- The dose range of test item used was 0, 9.42, 18.85, 37.70, 75.39, 150.78, 301.56, 603.13, 1206.25 and 2412.5 μg/mL.
- Parallel flasks, containing culture medium without whole blood, were established for the three exposure conditions so that test item precipitate observations could be made. Precipitate observations were recorded at the beginning and end of the exposure periods.
- Using a qualitative microscopic evaluation of the microscope slide preparations from each treatment culture, appropriate dose levels were selected for mitotic index evaluation. Mitotic index data was used to estimate test item toxicity and for selection of the dose levels for the main test.
- Two exposure groups were used.
(i) 4-hour exposure to the test item without S9-mix, followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 μg/mL.
(ii) 4-hour exposure to the test item with S9-mix (2%), followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 160 μg/mL.
(i) 24-hour continuous exposure to the test item without S9-mix prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 μg/mL.
(ii) 4-hour exposure to the test item with S9-mix (1 %) followed by 20-hour culture in treatment-free media prior to cell harvest. The dose range of test item used was 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 μg/mL.
CELL HARVEST
- Mitosis was arrested by addition of demecolcine (Colcemid 0.1 μg/mL) two hours before the required harvest time.
- After incubation with demecolcine, the cells were centrifuged, the culture medium was drawn off and discarded, and the cells re-suspended in 0.075M hypotonic KCl.
- After approximately fourteen minutes (including centrifugation), most of the hypotonic solution was drawn off and discarded.
- The cells were re-suspended and then fixed by dropping the KCl cell suspension into fresh methanol/glacial acetic acid (3:1 v/v).
- The fixative was changed at least three times and the cells stored at approximately 4 °C to ensure complete fixation prior to slide preparation.
PREPARATION OF METAPHASE SPREADS
- The lymphocytes were re-suspended in several mL of fresh fixative before centrifugation and resuspension
in a small amount of fixative.
- Several drops of this suspension were dropped onto clean, wet microscope slides and left to air dry. Each slide was permanently labelled with the appropriate identification data.
- When the slides were dry they were stained in 5% Giemsa for 5 minutes, rinsed, dried and a cover slip applied using mounting medium.
QUALITATIVE SLIDE ASSESSMENT
- The slides were checked microscopically to determine the quality of the metaphases and also the toxicity and extent of precipitation, if any, of the test item.
- These observations were used to select the dose levels for mitotic index evaluation.
- The slides were coded using a computerized random number generator.
MITOTIC INDEX
- A total of 2000 lymphocyte cell nuclei were counted and the number of cells in metaphase recorded and expressed as the mitotic index and as a percentage of the vehicle control value.
SCORING OF CHROMOSOME DAMAGE
- Where possible the first 100 consecutive well-spread metaphases from each culture were counted, where there were at least 30 to 50% of cells with aberrations, slide evaluation was terminated at 50 cells. If the cell had 44-48 chromosomes, any gaps, breaks or rearrangements were noted according to the simplified system of Savage (1976) recommended in the 1983 UKEMS guidelines for mutagenicity testing and the ISCN (1985) (Appendix 1).
- Cells with chromosome aberrations were reviewed as necessary by a senior cytogeneticist prior to decoding
the slides.
- In addition, cells with 69 chromosomes or more were scored as polyploid cells and the incidence of polyploid cells (%) reported. In addition, the incidence of cells with endoreduplicated chromosomes was also reported.
- Many experiments with human lymphocytes have established a range of aberration frequencies acceptable for control cultures in normal volunteer donors. The current historical range is shown in Appendix 1 (attached).
- Negative control: The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations (excluding gaps) in the vehicle control cultures will normally be within the laboratory historical control data range.
- Positive control: All the positive control chemicals must induce a clear positive response (p:S0.01). Acceptable positive responses demonstrate the validity of the experiment and the integrity of the S9-mix.
CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE STUDY CONCLUSION
- A test item can be classified as non-genotoxic if (i) the number of induced chromosome aberrations in all evaluated dose groups is within the range of laboratory historical control data and (ii) no toxicologically or statistically significant increase of the number of structural chromosome aberrations is observed following statistical analysis.
- A test item can be classified as genotoxic if (i) the number of induced structural chromosome aberrations is not in the range of laboratory historical control data and (ii) either a concentration-related or a statistically significant increase of the number of structural chromosome aberrations is observed. Marked increases only observed in one dose level will be assessed on a case by case basis.
- Biological relevance of the results will be considered first. Statistical methods will be used to analyse the increases in aberration data as recommended in the OECD 473 guideline. However, statistical significance will not be the only determining factor for a positive response.
- A toxicologically significant response is recorded when the p value calculated from the statistical analysis of the frequency of cells with aberrations excluding gaps is less than 0.05 when compared to its concurrent control and there is a dose-related increase in the frequency of cells with aberrations which is reproducible. Incidences where marked statistically significant increases are observed only with gap-type aberrations will be assessed on a case by case basis.
- The frequency of cells with aberrations excluding gaps and the frequency of polyploid cells was compared, where necessary, with the concurrent vehicle control value using Fisher's Exact test (Richardson et al. 1989).
other: human lymphocytes
- The dose range for the Preliminary Toxicity Test was 9.42 to 2412.5 μg/mL.
- The maximum dose was the maximum practical dose level which was based on the 5 mM concentration.
- A precipitate of the test item was observed in the parallel blood-free cultures at the end of the exposure, at and above 301.56 μg/mL in the 4(20)-hour exposure groups and at and above 603.13 μg/mL in the continuous exposure group.
- Haemolysis was observed following exposure to the test item between 150.78 and 1206.25 μg/mL in the 4(20)-hour exposure group in the absence of S9-mix, between 75.39 and 1206.25 μg/mL in the 4(20)-hour exposure group in the presence of S9-mix and at and above 301.56 μg/mL in the 24-hour continuous exposure
group. Haemolysis is an indication of a toxic response to the erythrocytes and not indicative of any genotoxic response to the lymphocytes.
- Microscopic assessment of the slides prepared from the exposed cultures showed that metaphase cells were present up to 37.70 μg/mL in the 4(20)-hour exposure without S9-mix, up to 75.39 μg/mL in the 4(20)-hour exposure with S9-mix and up to 18.85 μg/mL in the 24-hour continuous exposure. The mitotic index data are presented in Table 1 and shows that the test item induced excessive toxicity in all exposure groups.
- The selection of the maximum dose level was, therefore, based on toxicity for both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.
CHROMOSOME ABERRATION TEST – EXPERIMENT 1
- Dose levels of the controls and the test item are given in the table below.
- Qualitative assessment of the slides determined that the toxicity was similar to that observed in the preliminary toxicity test and that there were metaphases suitable for scoring present up to 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL in the absence and presence of S9-mix, respectively.
- The qualitative assessment also indicated a rapid onset of toxicity resulting in no scorable metaphases present above these dose levels.
- No precipitate or haemolysis was observed in the cultures at the end of exposure in either exposure group.
- The mitotic index data are given in Table 2 (attached). They confirm the qualitative observations in that in the 4(20)-hour exposure group in the absence of S9-mix, no dose-related inhibition of mitotic index was observed and 32% and 12% mitotic inhibition was achieved at 20 and 40 μg/mL, respectively. Above this dose level, there were either too few or no metaphases suitable for analysis. In the presence of S9-mix, a dose-related inhibition of mitotic index was observed with 28%, 48% and 48% mitotic inhibition observed at 20, 40 and 60 μg/mL, respectively (although 40 μg/mL was not analysed for chromosome aberrations). Again, above this dose level, there were either too few or no metaphases suitable for analysis.
- The maximum dose level selected for metaphase analysis was, therefore, 40 μg/mL and 60 μg/mL in the absence and presence S9-mix, respectively.
- The chromosome aberration data are given in Table 4 and Table 5 (attached).
- The vehicle control cultures in the absence of metabolic activation had frequencies of cells with chromosome aberrations within the expected range. The vehicle control cultures in the presence of metabolic activation had frequencies of cells with chromosome aberrations that slightly exceeded the historical range, however, they were still considered to be acceptable.
- The positive control items induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations. The metabolic activation system was therefore shown to be functional and the test method itself was operating
as expected.
- The test item did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations either in the absence or presence of metabolic activation.
- The polyploid cell frequency data are given in Table 8 (attached). The test item did not induce a statistically significant increase in the numbers of polyploid cells at any dose level in either of the exposure groups.
- Qualitative assessment of the slides determined that the toxicity was similar to that observed in the previous experiment that there were metaphases suitable for scoring present up to 60 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL in the absence and presence of S9-mix, respectively.
- The mitotic index data are given in Table 3 (attached). They confirm the qualitative observations in that in the 24-hour continuous exposure group, a moderate dose-related inhibition of mitotic index was observed where 31 % and 66% mitotic inhibition was achieved at 40 and 60 μg/mL, respectively. In the presence of S9-mix, there was excessive toxicity noted at 80 μg/mL but no dose-related inhibition of mitotic index below this concentration. Therefore, the maximum dose level selected for metaphase analysis was 60 μg/mL for both exposure groups.
- All of the vehicle control cultures had frequencies of cells with chromosome aberrations within the expected range.
- The positive control items induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations. The metabolic activation system was therefore shown to be functional and the test method itself was operating as expected.
- The test item did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations either in the absence or presence of metabolic activation.
DOSE LEVELS OF THE CONTROLS AND TEST ITEM IN THE CHROMOSOME ABERRATION TEST – EXPERIMENT 1
Final concentration of test item (µg/mL)
4(20)-hour without S9
0*, 5, 10*, 20*, 40*, 60, 80, MMC 0.4*
4(20)-hour with S9 (2 %)
0, 10*, 20*, 40*, 60*, 80, 160, CP 5*
* =Dose levels selected for metaphase analysis
MMC=Mitomycin C
CP=Cyclophosphamide
24-hour without S9
O*, 5, 10, 20*, 30*, 40*, 60*, MMC 0.2*
O*, 5, 10, 20*, 40*, 60*, 80, CP 5*
The test item did not induce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations, in either the absence or presence of a liver enzyme metabolising system, in either of two separate experiments. The test item was therefore considered to be non-clastogenic to human lymphocytes in vitro.
Structural chromosomal aberrations were investigated in cultured mammalian cells in accordance withOECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 473"In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test", adopted 21st July 1997, Method B.10 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 of 30 May 2008, US EPA OPPTS 870.5375 Guideline, 40 CFR 799.9537 TSCAin vitromammalian chromosome aberration test and guidelines/recommendations of the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
Duplicate cultures of human lymphocytes, treated with the test item, were evaluated for chromosome aberrations at up to four dose levels, together with vehicle and positive controls. Four treatment conditions were used for the study; i.e. in Experiment 1, 4 hours in the presence of an induced rat liver homogenate metabolizing system (S9), at a 2% final concentration with cell harvest after a 20-hour expression period and a 4 hours exposure in the absence of metabolic activation (S9) with a 20-hour expression period. In Experiment 2, the 4 hours exposure with addition of S9 was repeated (using a 1 % final S9 concentration), whilst in the absence of metabolic activation the exposure time was increased to 24 hours.The dose levels used in the main experiment were selected using data from the preliminary toxicity test. The dose levels used in the main test were0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 µg/mL for 4(20)-hour without S9, 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 160 µg/mL for 4(20)-hour with S9 (2%), 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 µg/mL for 24-hour without S9 and 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 µg/mL for 4(20)-hour with S9 (1%).
All vehicle (acetone) controls had frequencies of cells with aberrations within the range expected for normal human lymphocytes. All the positive control items induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations. The metabolic activation system was therefore shown to be functional and the test method itself was operating as expected. The test item was toxic to human lymphocytes but did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with aberrations, in either of two separate experiments.
no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
The test item was considered to be non-genotoxic under the conditions of the test (OECD 474, EU Method B.12, OPPTS 870.5395 and Japanese METI/MHLW/MAFF guidelines).
in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
25 June 2014 to 03 August 2014
OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
EU Method B.12 (Mutagenicity - In Vivo Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
EPA OPPTS 870.5395 (In Vivo Mammalian Cytogenetics Tests: Erythrocyte Micronucleus Assay)
other: damage to chromosomes and/or aneuploidy
CD-1 albino
ANIMALS AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
- Sufficient albino Hsd: ICR (CD-1) strain mice were obtained from Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd, Oxon, UK.
- At the start of the main test the mice weighed 22.7 to 30.0 g and were approximately six to ten weeks old.
- After a minimum acclimatisation period of five days the animals were selected at random and given a number unique within the study by tail marking and a number written on a colour coded cage card.
- Animals were housed in groups of up to seven in solid-floor polypropylene cages with wood-flake bedding.
- Free access to mains drinking water and food (Harlan Teklad 2014C Global Certified Rodent Diet supplied by Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd, Oxon, UK) was allowed throughout the study.
- Representative analyses of food and water quality were retained in the laboratory archive.
- Temperature and relative humidity were set to achieve limits of 19 to 25 °C and 30 to 70 % respectively.
- Rate of air exchange was approximately 15 changes per hour.
- Lighting was controlled by a time switch to give twelve hours light and twelve hours darkness.
Arachis oil
- The test item was freshly prepared as required as a solution of appropriate concentration in arachis oil.
- No analysis was carried out to determine the homogeneity, concentration or stability of the test item formulation. This is an exception with regard to GLP and was reflected in the GLP compliance statement.
- The test item was formulated within two hours of it being applied to the test system and it was assumed that the formulation was stable for that duration.
POSITIVE CONTROL ITEM
- The positive control item was freshly prepared as required as a solution at the appropriate concentration in distilled water (Laboratoire Aguettant 3010081).
RANGE-FINDING TOXICITY TEST
- A range-finding toxicity test was performed to determine a suitable dose level and route of administration for the main test. The dose level selected should ideally be the maximum tolerated dose level or that which produces some evidence of toxicity up to a maximum recommended dose of 2000 mg/kg.
- The range-finding toxicity test was also used to determine if the main test should be performed using both sexes or males only.
- Groups of mice were dosed orally as shown in the table below.
- All animals were dosed once only at the appropriate dose level by gavage using a metal cannula attached to a graduated syringe. The volume administered to each animal was calculated according to its body weight at the time of dosing.
- Where applicable, animals were observed within the time points of 1 and 4 hours after dosing and subsequently once daily for two days.
MICRONUCLEUS TEST
- Groups of seven mice were dosed once only via the oral route with the test item at 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg.
- Once group of mice from each dose level was killed by cervical dislocation 24 hours following treatment and a second group, dosed with the test item at 1000 mg/kg, was killed after 48 hours.
- One group of seven mice was dosed via the oral route with vehicle alone (arachis oil) and killed 24 hours after dosing.
- One group of five mice was dosed orally with cyclophosphamide and killed 24 hours after dosing. Cyclophosphamide is a positive control item known to produce micronuclei under the conditions of the test.
- Experimental design is summarised in the table below.
- All animals were observed 1 and 4 hours after dosing and then once daily, as applicable, and immediately prior to termination.
24 or 48 hours
Post exposure period:
0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Positive control(s):
- Identification: Cyclophosphamide
- Source: Acros Organics
- Lot number: A0302605
- Harlan serial number: R-5819
- Purity: 97 %
- Expiry date: 06 January 2016
- Storage conditions: Approximately 4 °C in the dark
Tissues and cell types examined:
Both femurs were dissected from each animal immediately following sacrifice.
Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Immediately following termination (24 or 48 hours following dosing), both femurs were dissected from each animal, and aspirated with foetal bovine serum.
- Bone marrow smears were prepared following centrifugation and re-suspension.
- The smears were air-dried, fixed in absolute methanol, stained in May-Grünwald/Giemsa and allowed to air-dry. A cover slip was then applied using mouting medium.
SLIDE EVALUATION
- Stained bone marrow smears were coded and examined blind using light microscopy at x1000 magnification.
- The incidence of micronucleated cells per 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE-blue stained immature cells) per animal was scored. Micronuclei are normally circular in shape, although occasionally they may be oval or half-moon shaped, and have a sharp contour with even staining.
- In addition, the number of normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE-pink stained mature cells) associated with 1000 erythrocytes was counted. These cells were also scored for incidence of micronuclei.
- The ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes was calculated together with appropriate group mean values and standard deviations.
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
- A comparison was made between the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes occurring in each of the test item groups and the number occurring in the vehicle control group.
- A positive mutagenic response was demonstrated when a statistically significant, dose-responsive, toxicologically relevant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed for either the 24 or 48-hour kill times when compared to the vehicle control group.
- If these criteria were not fulfilled, the test item was considered to be non-genotoxic under the conditions of the test.
- A positive response for bone marrow toxicity was demonstrated when the dose group mean polychromatic to normochromatic ratio was shown to be statistically significantly lower than the vehicle control group.
- All data were statistically analysed using appropriate statistical methods as recommended by the UKEMS sub-committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing Report, Part III (1989).
- Data was analysed following a square route (x + 1) transformation using Student's t-test (two tailed) and any significant results were confirmed using the one way analysis of variance.
Negative controls validity:
- Mortality data are summarised in the table below.
- Clinical signs observed in animals dosed with the test item at 2000 mg/kg via the oral route were hunched posture, ptosis, lethargy, ataxia, decreased respiration, laboured respiration and prostration. Due to the severity of the clinical signs, one of the animals was killed in extremis.
- In animals dosed with the test item at 1200 mg/kg via the oral route, clinical signs observed were hunched posture, ptosis, lethargy, ataxia and splayed gait.
- In animals dosed with the test item at 1000 mg/kg via the oral route, clinical signs observed were hunched posture, ptosis, lethargy and tip-toe gait.
- Confirmatory animals were dosed with the test item at 1000 mg/kg and clinical signs of hunched posture, ptosis, ataxia and tip-toe gait were observed.
- The test item showed no marked difference in its toxicity to male or female mice and it was therefore considered acceptable to use males only for the main test.
- With evidence of acceptable toxicity via the oral route, the considered maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the test item (1000 mg/kg) was selected for use in the main test with 500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg as the lower dose levels.
- There were no premature deaths seen in any of the dose groups.
- Clinical signs of hunched posture, ptosis, ataxia, lethargy and splayed gait were observed at 1000 mg/kg in the 24 and 48-hour dose groups.
EVALUATION OF BONE MARROW SLIDES
- A summary of the results of the micronucleus test is given in Table 1 (attached).
- Individual and group mean data are presented in Tables 2 to 7 (attached).
- There were no statistically significant decreases in the PCE/NCE ratio in any test item exposure group.
- There were no statistically significant increases in the frequency of micronucleated PCEs in the 48-hour 1000 mg/kg dose group or the 250 mg/kg 24-hour 250 mg/kg dose group. Modest but statistically significant increases were observed in the 24-hour 1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose groups when compared to the vehicle control group. However, the group mean for the vehicle control was very low, none of the individual animals had any marked increases in the number of micronucleated PCE, and the group mean values were well within the historical control range. The responses were therefore considered to be artefactual and of no toxicological significance.
- The positive control group showed a marked increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes hence confirming the sensitivity of the system to the known mutagenic activity of cyclophosphamide under the conditions of the test.
MORTALITY DURING RANGE-FINDING TOXICITY TEST
Dose level (mg/kg)
Number of animals treated
Deaths on Day 0
* = Animal killed in extremis
- = No data
The test item was considered to be non-genotoxic under the conditions of the test.
The study was performed to assess the potential of the test item to produce damage to chromosomes or aneuploidy when administered to mice. The method was designed to be compatible with the 1997 OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No 474 "Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test", Method B.12 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 of 30 May 2008, the US EPA (TSCA) OPPTS 870.5395, EPA 712-C-98-226, August 1998 guidelines, and be acceptable to the Japanese METI/MHLW/MAFF guidelines for testing of new chemical substances.
A range-finding test was performed to identify suitable dose levels of the test item, route of administration and to investigate whether there was a marked difference in toxic response between the sexes. There was no marked difference in toxicity between the sexes and the main test was performed using only male mice. The micronucleus test was conducted using the oral route in groups of seven male mice at the maximum tolerated dose of 1000 mg/kg with 500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg as the two lower dose levels. Animals were killed 24 or 48 hours later, the bone marrow extracted, and smear preparations made and stained. Polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes were scored for the presence of micronuclei. Additional groups of mice were given a single oral dose of arachis oil (7 mice) or doses orally with cyclophosphamide (5 mice) to serve as vehicle and positive controls respectively. Vehicle and positive control animals were killed 24 hours later.
There were no premature deaths in any of the dose groups. Clinical signs of hunched posture, ptosis, ataxia, lethargy and splayed gait were observed at 1000 mg/kg in the 24 and 48-hour dose groups. No statistically significant decreases in the PCE/NCE ratio were observed in any test item dose groups when compared with the vehicle control group. There were no statistically significant increases in the frequency of micronucleated PCEs in the 48-hour 1000 mg/kg group or the 24-hour 250 mg/kg group. Modest but statistically significant increases were observed in the 24-hour 1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg groups when compared to the vehicle control group. However, the group mean for the vehicle control was very low, none of the individual animals had any marked increases in the number of micronucleated PCE, and the group mean values were well within the historical control range. The responses were therefore considered to be artefactual and of no toxicological significance. The positive control group showed a marked increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes hence confirming the sensitivity of the system to the know mutagenic activity of cyclophosphamide under the conditions of the test.
Ames test
The test item was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test
Chromosome aberration test
Structural chromosomal aberrations were investigated in cultured mammalian cells in accordance with OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 473"In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test", adopted 21st July 1997, Method B.10 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 of 30 May 2008, US EPA OPPTS 870.5375 Guideline, 40 CFR 799.9537 TSCA in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test and guidelines/recommendations of the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
The test item did not induce a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations, in either the absence or presence of a liver enzyme metabolising system, in either of two separate experiments. The test item was therefore considered to be non-clastogenic to human lymphocytesin vitro.
Mouse micronucleus test
In vitro tests demonstrated that the test material was non-mutagenic (Ames test) and non-clastogenic (chromosome aberration test). An in vivo study (mouse micronucleus test) also concluded that the test item was non-genotoxic. Classification in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 is therefore not required.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The $26 'Boomstick' Hot Dog at Rangers Ballpark Is Delicious and Probably Fatal
Drew Weisholtz
Drew Weisholtz Published: April 2, 2013
Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, Texas is selling a hot dog that just might cripple your heart...and your wallet.
The stadium is home to the 'Boomstick,' a $26 frankfurter that features so much food you'd think it could appear on 'Doomsday Preppers.' It's the latest in a growing tradition of stadium food clearly designed to shorten your life span.
The Boomstick, which is named after the bat used by Rangers star Nelson Cruz, is so loaded it should be on the New York Yankees payroll: it's an all-beef hot dog covered in chili, nacho cheese, jalapenos and caramelized onions on a potato bun. It checks in at two-feet long and weighs three pounds. Basically, it's so big that if it was a baseball player, it would be accused of being on steroids.
About 20,000 Boomsticks were sold in 2012, enough for half a million dollars in sales, not to mention a handful of cardiograms.
The Boomstick is the tip of the obesity iceberg that its massive weight can probably sink. At Rangers Ballpark, you can also purchase a 24-ounce hamburger for $26, as well as a two-foot sausage that will set you back $26, a two-foot pretzel ($13) and a two-foot quesadilla ($26) covered in brisket and Doritos. No one can say for certain, but it almost sounds as if Rangers Ballpark is trying to create a whole new food group in which calories are the most important ingredient.
If they're so keen on making the cuisine at the stadium bigger, let's just hope they're going to do the same with the stalls. It'll make everyone happier.
Source: The $26 'Boomstick' Hot Dog at Rangers Ballpark Is Delicious and Probably Fatal
Categories: Sports, Weird News


A facility for running JUnit tests inside the Mauve testsuite. (I already posted about this idea). This way we can include existing JUnit testsuites into our regression run, and it allows for new tests to be written in the JUnit style and run natively inside the Mauve harness.
An API and harness extension for writing and running interactive tests. This is useful for testing complex issues that can't otherwise be covered, like rendering issues in Swing, or complex interaction/integration issues. It also allows to easily convert testcases from the bug database to be integrated into Mauve as regression tests.
I hope that this will be useful and that it helps improving the overall quality of GNU Classpath.
I'm looking forward to the final Edgy release, and I think this time I'll order some free CD's and hand it out to some friends.
Integration of existing JUnit tests (Harmony testsuite) by simply adding the JAR to the classpath and calling java Harness . The output would come in the Mauve style that you're used to.
Implement new Mauve tests in the form of a JUnit test. This has a couple of advantages obviously, like having the setUp() and tearDown() methods called before/after each test, automatically test all test*() methods, setting the checkPoint for these test*() methods etc.
Run Mauve conveniently inside IDEs that support JUnit.
Generate test reports using tools written for JUnit.
I am hacking on the first idea right now and hope to show a working prototype soon.
So I'm starting my last semester these days. I still have to do my diploma thesis about performance optimization of a Java bytecode interpreter for embedded systems (JamaicaVM), and a seminar, in which I'm going to adapt FreeType's autohinting to GNU Classpath's TTF implementation. This is going to be an interesting semester (probably the most interesting of them all), and after that, in march 2007, I'm free, after almost 6 1/2 years of study :-D, yay!


Having graduated from Leadership Minneapolis at age 24, a year later Michael McCall was President of The Depot Development Company and with partner Steven Shapiro, secured venture capital from the Wheelock Whitney, Jr. family and $6 Million in land acquisition funding from the Minneapolis Tribune and the Soo Line Railroad.
James W. Rouse is best known for his Boston's Faneuil Hall and Baltimore's Harborplace Festival Marketplace placemaking developments.
From 1982 to 1992, Michael McCall worked for Mr. James W. Rouse, as Vice President of Development, where he developed Festival Marketplaces, led a multi-year joint venture with The Walt Disney Company, and conducted international consulting.
After the development of millions of square feet of malls, the success of Festival Marketplaces Faneuil Hall in Boston and Harborplace in Baltimore, the development of the 14,000 acre Columbia, Maryland new-town, and his Time magazine cover story, Jim Rouse gathered Rouse Company alums and a younger generation to train under the master, at The Enterprise Development Company.
As a young developer in Minneapolis, having researched James Rouse's Faneuil Hall in Boston & Harborplace in Baltimore, and having studied everything Disney since he was a boy, Michael McCall wanted to work for either landmark developer; both of which crafted places that profitably captivated the public. Michael decided to write Mr. Rouse, after which he called Mr. Rouse, and then he called Mr. Rouse, again. Not only did he get the job, but in beautiful irony, Mr. Rouse gave Michael the opportunity to work with The Walt Disney Company.
In 1989, Disney's President, Frank Wells, asked Jim Rouse for advice on the then challenging Pleasure Island. Mr. Rouse asked Michael McCall to recommend a solution. Michael's answer was to leverage the whole place, charging guests for a nightly street party.
The strategy of "Timeline Design" was used to conceptually plan a completely new city; which like all great cities, would exude the "Palimpsest of Place," the evolutionary vestiges of economic geography refecting the transformation from village, to town, to city.
Mr. Rouse gave Michael the opportunity to lead the international consulting primarily in the Pacific Rim countries of Japan, Singapore and Australia. Michael also worked in Spain and England.
The project depicted here was for Shimizu, one of Japan's largest construction companies. The Conceptual Development Strategy was provided to Nippon Steel, the land owner of a 600 acre site on Osaka Bay, as gesture of goodwill from one large Japanese company to another.
Whole Leadership: What is past, is prologue.
Where Entertainment, Information and People Flourish® © 2019 Strategic Leisure, Inc.
All corporate names and symbols – other than Strategic Leisure, its logo & slogan – are the property of the respective entity.


The iTAC.MES.Suite is able to integrate any kind of machine from any manufacturer.
A number of the iTAC.MES.Suite functions are available via an Application Programming Interface (API) for separate applications and integration in other system environments.
The production equipment from different machine and plant manufacturers is connected via the respective API functions. The basic functionality of the iTAC.MES.Suite together with the possibilities given by the API functions allow mapping of specific processes within a production machine/production line.
A characteristic of the API is that it is documented, open and downward compatible for the supported releases of the iTAC.MES.Suite. This means, in practice, that external programs, which have been developed especially for a particular version of the API of the iTAC.MES.Suite, will also run on later versions. At the same time, each new release contains new API functions, without negatively influencing the existing ones.
As the API functions are all defined in IDL, they are independent of any specific operating systems, hardware, programming languages etc. Communication with the API server is possible via an IHAP connection using Java and the iTAC.ARTES library. iTAC also offers a portfolio of libraries for application programmers with which machine interfaces are easily deployed, e.g. for C/C++, and .NET among others. All the benefits of the iTAC.ARTES library are made available ("Load Balancing", "Failover" etc.) while at the same time simplifying access to the API-interfaces.
Technically, the bi-directional API functions enable direct data flow from the MES system to the shop floor, which guarantees process interlocking, setup verification, lot tracking, product data transfer and a number of other functions. The iTAC API service technology convinces with the advantages listed above and an extremely narrow communication band, which requires just a few milliseconds and does not burden the "corporate network".
The PLC connector serves the direct communication between the different PLC systems. Various mechanisms are used depending on the system, via OPC to a number of PLC systems or, e.g. specifically for communication with the "Beckhoff-PLC system", with the aid of an "ADS protocol". The iTAC PLC connector has been certified by the OPC Foundation and thus guarantees adherence to the OPC standards.
The function portfolio for SMT-specific API functions guarantees the standardized and scalable integration of different types of machines from different manufacturers. The framework of the SMT service enables the connection or integration of SMT machines depending on the requirements of the customer.
The iTAC.MES.Suite provides a wide range of standard interfaces for the custom integration of production equipment. This is because, particularly with older machines, direct communication to MES software is either not possible or not necessary.
The interfaces that are used are based on a framework which has been designed to read data from various sources with the help of system-specific parsers. This data is transferred to the iTAC.MES.Suite via standard API functions. The flexibility of the framework provides the conditions for fast and inexpensive integration of production and testing equipment.


text:
Enrique González Macho (Santander, Cantàbria, 1947) és un productor i distribuïdor de cinema espanyol. Va ser president de la Acadèmia de Cinema Espanyola des d'abril de 2011 fins a febrer de 2015.

Biografia
Va estudiar en el Liceu Francès de Madrid i va començar les carreres d'arquitectura i econòmiques. El 1976 va adquirir la productora Alta Films, a més és propietari de la cadena de cinemes Renoir, amb presència en sis ciutats espanyoles, i soci del portal Filmin.

El 10 d'abril de 2011 va ser elegit president de la Acadèmia de les Arts i les Ciències Cinematogràfiques d'Espanya, enfront de Bigas Luna. sent reelegit el 24 de maig de 2014 enfront de la productora Piluca Baquero a qui va aconseguir imposar-se amb el triple de vots

El 1998 li va ser lliurat el Premi Nacional de Cinematografia, també va ser nomenat Cavaller de l'Orde de les Arts i Lletres per part del govern de França, en reconeixement al seu suport a la cinematografia europea.

En la 56a edició de la Seminci, va ser guardonat amb l'Espiga d'Honor.

El 2017, la Fiscalia Provincial de Madrid va sol·licitar dos anys de presó i un milió d'euros de multa per a ell per "manipular" el nombre d'espectadors en l'exhibició de la pel·lícula La Isla Interior per a obtenir subvencions. González Macho hauria comunicat una "dada irreal" d'espectadors corresponent a les sessions matinals als cinemes Renoir, un "número ingent" que fins i tot superava als de les sessions de tarda. Gràcies a aquests suposats espectadors, Juan Romero Iglesias, productor de La Isla Interior, hauria aconseguit els 293.326,83 euros que va obtenir com a subvenció per a l'empresa Mecanismo Films S.L.

El 28 de desembre de 2019 el Jutjat penal número 20 de Madrid va absoldre al productor, exhibidor i distribuïdor Enrique González Macho dels delictes de frau de subvencions i falsedat documental dels quals estava acusat per manipular suposadament el nombre d'espectadors de la pel·lícula La isla interior per a obtenir ajudes.

Presidència de l'Acadèmia de Cinema
Va substituir en el càrrec al director Álex de la Iglesia que va abandonar el lloc per desacords sobre la "Llei Sinde" amb Ángeles González-Sinde, filla del fundador de l'Acadèmia i llavors ministra de Cultura. González-Macho va expressar el seu suport a aquesta llei des de la presentació de la seva candidatura, en la qual va declarar que el model actual de cinema a Espanya està "obsolet" però que no obstant això, "Internet continua tenint una funció parasitària". També va afirmar que el paper de l'Acadèmia no havia de ser polític.

El 14 de desembre de 2011, en un esmorzar organitzat pel Foro de la Nueva Cultura, va criticar durament al president del Govern en funcions, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. González-Macho va qualificar de "sagnant" que el PSOE no aprovés la llei Sinde "pel temor a la reacció d'alguns delinqüents en internet" i va afegir que "si aquesta és la manera de governar, perquè llevin vostès els impostos i l'IVA, que és una mesura molt populista i també dona molts vots".

En el seu discurs de la gala de Goya de 2012 va declarar que "Internet no és una alternativa ni substitut, ni tan sols un complement a l'enorme esforç econòmic que suposa produir cinema". La seva visió d'internet i la indústria va ser criticada posteriorment per l'associació de consumidors FACUA i la Associació d'Internautes.

El 19 de febrer de 2015 va presentar la seva dimissió de l'Acadèmia, al·legant "motius estrictament personals".

Acusació de frau de les ajudes al cinema espanyol
El 2015 el diari El País revela les pràctiques fraudulentes d'alguns distribuïdors i productors de cinema espanyol que van falsejar el nombre d'espectadors i ingressos en taquilla de les seves pel·lícules amb la finalitat de cobrar subvencions del Ministeri de Cultura. A González Macho se li imputa un frau de 731.900 euros.
En 2017 la Fiscalia de Madrid demana per a González Macho i el productor de cinema Juan Romero Iglesias dos anys de presó i la devolució al Ministeri de Cultura de 272.695,99 euros que van rebre com a subvenció.

El 28 de desembre de 2019 el Jutjat penal número 20 de Madrid va absoldre al productor, exhibidor i distribuïdor Enrique González Macho dels delictes de frau de subvencions i falsedat documental dels quals estava acusat per manipular suposadament el nombre d'espectadors de la pel·lícula La isla interior per a obtenir ajudes. El 3 de gener de 2020 fou tornat a absoldre de la mateixa acusació, aquest cop per la pel·lícula Rosa y negro.

Filmografia com a productor

Referències

Productors de cinema espanyols
Persones de Santander
Orde de les Arts i de les Lletres
Cavallers de les Arts i les Lletres
Alumnes del Liceu francès de Madrid
Artistes càntabres

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It was one of those picture perfect sunny "warmer" winter days here today. A day when you get out and do all those errands before the weekend comes. This weekend is chock full of things to do, so early preparations get me ready for Valentine's Day. Oh yeah, and the Great Backyard Bird Count. And, the New Year program at the Conservancy.
The feeders are all stocked and ready. I did get to Kendalls for nuggets to fill up the woodpecker feeders.
I picked up my Friends and Farms, and my Lancaster Farm Fresh CSA baskets. With a quick stop at Harris Teeter in Kings Contrivance to fill in those items for my weekly menu planning, I am all set to spend Valentine's Day here at home. Celebrating with a dinner worth hundreds at a restaurant, and that I only spent a small amount of money to purchase.
Friends and Farms gave us quite a bit of inspiration for cooking.
I particularly liked those chicken breasts in the shape of a heart. How romantic.
We also got pineapple oranges from Florida. Similar to Valencia, they will become a salad or two, with those beets and a red onion from a while back.
As for those sunchokes, they herald a new partnership for F&F with one of the farmers I frequented often at the Dupont Circle market, Next Step Produce.
I am thinking a really different interpretation of colcannon, using sunchokes, kale, and parsnips, along with a few potatoes. Why not? Who needs to be stuck in traditional recipes when we have so much fresh organic produce to inspire us?
The pork roast and the apple cider. Will be dinner Friday night. Along with cole slaw. See below for my CSA basket that makes this dish possible.
Here is the Lancaster Farm Fresh Omnivore basket today.
Green cabbage. Perfect for slaw. That fresh kale. Mushrooms for a salad with the arugula from F&F. Mega beets. I love dry roasting beets and using them in salads. That humongous celeriac is making me crave roasted root vegetables. Again, I find it motivating me to break out the cookbooks and try something new.
Who needs to fight the crowds at restaurants on Valentine's Day. Certainly not us. We will be dining in style with minimum fuss, thanks to our local purveyors of fine foods.
Posted in Birds, CSA, Food, Friends and Farms, LFFC, Local Businesses, Locavore, Real Food, Winter Eat Local and tagged birds, cooking, CSA, Food, foodie, holidays, Howard County, howard county conservancy, local businesses, Locavore, real food, traditions, value of CSA. Bookmark the permalink.


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Sidney Nowell
Watler Beasley
Alex deCarvalho
Dr. Violet Drexler
Betty Gilbert
Despina Sanitate
Welcome to Flagler Family Funeral Home
The loss of a loved one can leave you with a lot of unanswered questions, feelings of stress and anxiety and grief that makes events difficult to handle. The experienced funeral directors at Flagler Family Funeral Home will guide you through the aspects of the funeral service with compassion, dignity and respect. Our staff of dedicated professionals is available to assist you in making funeral service arrangements. From casket choices to funeral flowers, the funeral directors at Flagler Family Funeral Home provide individualized funeral services designed to meet the needs of each family.
We also offer Discounts for Veterans, Law Enforcement and First Responders
Contact us any time.
We're available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call us at 386-986-2425 or use the form below.
Home Page Contact Form at Slate Funeral Home Website
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Registered members Current visitors Recent Activity
Humax Products
HDR-FOX T2 Freeview Recorder
Output to S-Video?
Thread starter Ian Manning
Ian Manning
(How) would it be possible to get an S-Video signal out of the HDR-Fox T2? Would a rather expensive signal converter be required?
May contain traces of nut
There are S-Video C and Y components specified as pins on a SCART connector, but they are also described as "rarely supported".
What are you trying to achieve? It can probably be done better another way.
I am trying to connect 3 video sources to a Slingbox Pro HD. The available video inputs on the Slingbox are:
- Component video
- Composite
- S-Video.
I have already used the composite and component video inputs for other devices (which don't have S-Video output), so have one remaining input on the Slingbox which is S-Video. That's the one that I was hoping to connect the Humax to
gomezz
A component video switch like this could be an option
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Monoprice-4-Port-Component-Switch-Learning/dp/B001TK9SEE
(sssuming the Slingbox supports the IR codes for the switch)
gomezz said:
I don't see any S-Video outputs on that box???
The idea is to use it to multiplex a different input, not convert the signals. Connect everything by component video (the best quality of the three), and select the source by sending an IR signal through the Slingbox.
Ah I see. Unfortunately that would create its own issues....firstly none of my source devices have component video outputs. Secondly the Slingbox doesn't support IR commands for that sort of device. It's possible that you can create a custom BIN file for the Slingbox which could do that, but that is way beyond my capabilities.
I thought you said you are using the component video input? The HDR-FOX has component video.
Black Hole said:
Yes sorry I should have said - I have ordered an HDMI to Component converter so that I can connect one of the other components to it.
I realise it is an extra expense, but the switch box would let you bring the HDR-FOX signals in on the same input. Alternatively, use an HDMI switch box before the HDMI-to-component converter (seems a bit silly that the Slingbox should be marketed as "HD" and not have an HDMI input - the consequence is that a digital source has to be converted to analogue to then feed into the Slingbox to convert back to digital).
Your objections about IR support are not valid on the face of it - the indicated switch box is supposed to be able to learn from any handset, so you could choose a handset the Slingbox knows about.
Rather than buy the component switching box I could maybe use my AV receiver as the "switch box" (an Onkyo TX-NR515). I've just remembered that it's network-enabled, so with the help of a VPN into my LAN I could remote control it from an Android device (i.e. power it on/off and switch between sources). I could use an HDMI splitter to replicate the current feed from the receiver to the TV into the HDMI to component video converter that I've ordered, and then into the Slingbox. I don't know why I didn't think of that before. I guess it's because I've never really used the network features of the Onkyo.
grahamlthompson
Pretty sure a HDR-FOX-T2 doesn't have component out. HDMI, Scart RGB or Composite and Composite RCA Phono. HD capable component outputs are now very rare due to being able to copy HD content. Even older blu-ray players have the component outputs crippled to SD resolution.
Last pvr I owned with component out was the SD Topfield 5800 which can output YCrPb using the RGB connections in a scart cable.
Yes the scourge of copyright protection has blighted the lives of home entertainment consumers. I'm guessing that's why the "HD" Slingbox doesn't have any HDMI inputs.
grahamlthompson said:
You're right, I was thinking (incorrectly) of RGB. Regardless, I knew it wouldn't be a full HiDef output. The alternative setting for the SCART output (CVBS) would provide the C and Y (V) signals for S-Video mentioned before.
No it won't at least in so far as picture quality is concerned. Composite (CVBS) has the two components of S-Video (luminance and chrominance) combined, that why you get the patterning on certain textures due to crosstalk between the two as they are seperated. Only keeping the two seperate throughout the recording chain as in a S-VHS recorder will retain the advantage. It's possible to create S-Video from RGB .
https://www.keene.co.uk/keene-rgb-to-s-video-convertor-uk-psu.html
Ah, OK - I had assumed CVBS were four separate signals rather than one combined signal. Sorry about that.
CVBS Composite Video Blanking and Synch. Only has two conductors signal and screen. When using RGB the composite video connection in a scart provides the synch signal. Component carries the synch on one of the three connections. S-Video is easy to turn into composite you just connect the luminance and chrominance conductors together.
Thanks. I rather feared that a pricey converter might be required. I think I'll try the Onkyo switching caper to see if it's a workable solution.
Ian Manning said:
Pretty sure using a slingbox (HD or not) quality is going to be down to your ISP upload speed. Using a Broadband speed checker like http://www.broadbandspeedchecker.co.uk/ what is your upload speed.
Unless you have a exceptional upload speed this is likely to be the limiting factor. For most of us download is much faster than upload. Mine is 70Mbps which is fast enough given one user to cope with a full quality Blu-ray stream if one existed.
Upload speed is 2.42 Mbps way less than even the crap quality SD channels let alone the 720 x 576 BBC channels. It;s not going to look great, nowhere near as good as downloading content to watch on line from say BBCI player or streamed abroad using a VPN service,
You should look at using a local Freesat or Freeview recording box with IP streaming connected to your network. SD quality streaming of recordings or live over the internet is pretty good on a mobile device.
https://www.vboxcomm.com/uk-freeview-and-freesat.html
S-Video is easy to turn into composite you just connect the luminance and chrominance conductors together.
If you want an impedance mis-matched bodge, yes.


"Honor your father and mother, as the Lord your God has commanded you; that your life will be elongated and that you may fare well..."
Some may read this as a "reward" for honoring our parents. But in my understanding of the Torah, I don't believe that God rewards and punishes us for our deeds. I believe the Torah lays out a code for behavior that counsels us regarding actions and consequences: if we follow the wise directives, good things will happen; if we don't, it is likely we (and society as a whole) will suffer the consequences that spill over from bad behavior.
When I was in an Israeli Yeshiva, one of the people I admired most, the Rosh Yeshiva (Head of the Seminary) Harav Aharon Lichtenstein z"l, would walk in late to synagogue on Shabbat with his elderly father and three children. They would go right through the center of the shul and guide the elderly grandfather – who was extraordinarily frail – to their seats right behind the bima.
There, Rav Lichtenstein would whisper all the prayers non-stop into his father's ear, and his father would mouth them softly. They did this during the entire Torah portion too.
What really struck me is how intently Rav Lichtenstein's children observed him do this. They watched how their father cared for his father – and how his actions enhanced the quality of his life. My guess is this kind of behavior is what permitted the frail grandfather to have the will to keep on living past the time when he could walk, hear or see well.
Witnessing this example, don't you think Rav Lichtenstein's children learned how to take care of their father when he aged? And wouldn't their lovingkindness extend the years of their father as well?
With this example in mind, we should continuously be asking ourselves if we as a community are doing all we can to keep the Torah's dictate to care for our parents, and by extension, our communal fathers and mothers. What kind of example are we setting for our children if we allow the elderly to fade away into isolation and poverty? How will younger generations treat us as we age?
Thankfully, between Jewish Family Services, the Mandell JCC and our synagogues, the Greater Hartford Jewish community offers an array of services that address senior needs, including home care, friendly visitors, a kosher food pantry, assistance to Holocaust survivors, counseling, fitness and wellness classes, book clubs, luncheons, excursions, and more. In fact, the JMAP Community Dashboard reports more than 2,650 instances of social and/or emotional programs for seniors offered by local Jewish organizations last year.
At the Jewish Community Foundation, we steward designated funds created by visionary donors to support these types of programs for seniors in perpetuity – and to fund new initiatives as they arise. And, in addition to helping fund the organizations that offer programs to our seniors, the Jewish Federation is currently involved in a special planning initiative to ensure our parents and grandparents can age in place with dignity and joy.
Is there something you are personally doing to ensure your parents – and our communal parents – are living with dignity and joy? Are you sharing these activities with your children?
Very inspiring. I trust we'll do the "rights" as we live- for intrinsic reasons and beyond. I do hope our next generation(s) carry on the examples and traditions laid out by our predecessors. We are their beneficiaries.


We used a small mobile robot adapted to locomotion in a home environment, see Fig. 4(c). It consisted of a metal platform equipped with engines, logic boards, batteries, and a system of interconnected gears with two pairs of wheels. The robot has its own software that communicates with a microcomputer controlled by telemetry. A camera along with the Dot, a lens that shoots 360 degree images was used.
Fig. 4. Topological map of the test environment: a) top; b) perspective views; and c) the autonomous mobile robot.
The robot navigates in an indoor environment, in this case an apartment. This environment was chosen on account of the existence of features which help the recognition and navigation of the robot. In the topological map, we presented the nodes numbered 1 to 6. We took pictures of the strategic points corresponding to classes numbered 1 to 15. The edges are the possible paths of the robot during navigation. Fig. 4 shows the detailed diagram of the real environment.
During navigation, the robot uses the vision-based localization system to locate itself. The system begins to work with the capture of images. An omnidirectional image is obtained through the Dot, a lens that can shoot 360 degree pictures. Once obtained the digital image, is analyzed by the system, which begins with feature extraction. In this paper, Central Moments, GLCM, Hu moments, LBP and Statistics Moments are evaluated. The feature vectors are presented to a classifier to perform the recognition of the environment. In this step, six machine learning techniques are used in the experiments. Both SIFT and SURF were evaluated separately. Fig. 3 shows the information flowchart.
Fig. 3 . Proposed system flowchart. (1) The omnidirectional image is captured and the feature vector is created through feature extraction techniques. (2) The feature vectors are presented to a classifier to perform the recognition of the environment. (3) Cognition. (4) Motion control.
This approach is being published on Expert System with Application. After that, these images will be released for use and citation of the article will be available below in order to be properly referenced when using this database.


Many drug development projects stem from licensing an invention or product. Agreeing on the cost of the license is critical to the licensee to assure that the project is economically feasible. The licensor is interested in maximizing the value of the invention.
How do you arrive at the terms? One handy source to learn how to compute the terms was suggested by a friend. The AUTM (The Association of University Technology Managers) has a web page with a manual and an Excel spreadsheet designed for pharmaceutical deals.


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Retrieval by Faith Coloccia and Alex Barnett on Blackest Ever Black
Dark Ambient Synth Album Recorded at Otic Sound and Mixed by Randall Dunn in Seattle.
Retrieval is the debut collaborative album from Faith Coloccia and Alex Barnett.
Artist and composer Coloccia was a founding member of Everlovely Lightningheart, and is perhaps best known as one half of Mamiffer. She has contributed to recordings by House Of Low Culture, Boris and William Fowler Collins among others, and collaborations with Circle and Daniel Menche are forthcoming. Alex Barnett played in Oakeater but since 2009 has been active primarily as a solo artist, with releases on Catholic Tapes, DRAFT, Nihilist and others.
Following an initial exchange of ideas, the bulk of Retrieval was recorded over three intensive days at Otic Sound in Vancouver, with Coloccia contributing treated vocals, tape-manipulated acoustic recordings and AM radio sounds, and Barnett adding an array of synth instruments to create further loops, drum sounds and other rhythmic elements.They then reconvened at AVAST! studio in Seattle for a final session of mixing and editing with engineer/producer Randall Dunn.
The resulting LP is about time and place, synthesis and environment. It's an invitation into the woods, to find that which reveals itself only to the lost. A grave, deeply introspective work, pastoral in essence but cosmic in scope.
Opening with the stately, medievalist sequences of 'Harbor', Retrieval's narrative takes in subdued techno abstraction ('Hallway'), chrondritic psychedelia ('So, How Much Do You Know About Me?'), saw mill gear-grind ('Repeating Pit') and eldritch noise invocations ('Retrieval', 'Bird's Eye'). Throughout, it invigorates without consoling.
‹ Albertans – Dangerous Anything
THE WANDERING HALLS – Ep ›


I didn't really get to mention many of my picks in outrageous and fun non-fiction books at WorldCon last year. That particular panel turned out to be not quite what I expected. They do that sometimes. So I thought I'd put my list up here. The blurbs on Amazon are pretty good if you want to know what they are about.
"By request, here's a shot of the interior of my ocean teacup."
Waistcoats & Weaponry ~ The Finishing School Book the Third. I honestly do not yet know the exact release date. Probably early November 2014.
Prudence ~ Custard Protocol Book the First: Delayed. Why? Rewrite begins soon.


The objective of this paper is to examine the appliance of the pecking order theory in the capital structure of the shipping firms that are listed in US, for the period 2000-2010. The investigation has been performed using pooled cross-sectional data procedure and the hypothesis tested is that the net debt issued at year t depends upon the dividends paid at year t, the capital expenditures at year t, the change in working capital within the year t, and the operating cash flow at year t. All the variables are scaled by total assets. This model has been applied in order to estimate the effect of each dependent variable in leverage. The empirical results of our research provide evidence that the modified pecking order theory, as suggested by Chirinko and Singha (2000), actually guides the capital structure of our sample, regarding the period 2000-2010. However, for the year 2008 and after, when the financial crisis has boomed, it is found no such evidence. The categorization of the companies between Greek and Non-Greek, leads to the conclusion that the former are more consistent to applying a relaxed mode of the pecking order theory in their capital structure than the latter. All of the results are in accordance with the theoretical background presented in the following sections.


You can expect a lot from the 2012 Toyota Tundra. Under the hood you'll find an 8 cylinder engine with more than 350 horsepower, providing a smooth and predictable driving experience. Comfort and convenience were prioritized within, evidenced by amenities such as: a tachometer, a rear step bumper, automatic temperature control, power door mirrors and heated door mirrors, remote keyless entry, cruise control, and power windows. Audio features include a CD player with MP3 capability, and 6 well positioned speakers. Toyota ensures the safety and security of its passengers with equipment such as: dual front impact airbags, head curtain airbags, traction control, brake assist, ignition disabling, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. Various mechanical systems are monitored by electronic stability control, keeping you on your intended path. Our knowledgeable sales staff is available to answer any questions that you might have. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.


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alpine fault earthquake history
Project AF8 is a collaborative effort to prepare for a magnitude 8 Alpine Fault earthquake. A new study by GNS Science has found evidence for a previously unrecognised rupture in the first half of the 19 th century at the northern tip of the central section. The Alpine Fault is sometimes compared with California's San Andreas Fault, being another fast-moving strike slip fault near a plate boundary. Through careful radio carbon dating, the evidence found at Hokuri Creek and John O'Groats reveals that the Alpine Fault has a long, remarkably regular history of large earthquakes. The findings published in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America suggest that some places along the fault, particularly around the towns of Hokitika and Greymouth, could experience strong ground shaking from Alpine fault earthquakes more often than previously thought.. The findings dramatically improve the known earthquake history of the Alpine Fault. The fault line is where the Eurasian … The Alpine Fault is sometimes compared with California's San Andreas Fault, being another fast-moving strike slip fault near a plate boundary. Previously scientists had determined the ages for only the last four earthquakes … Revising the Displacement History of New Zealand's Alpine Fault . The Alpine Fault runs right through the heart of New Zealand's glacier county on the country's south island. In fact, this is one of the longest earthquake records in the world! The Alpine Fault last got seriously testy in 1717 or thereabouts and before that, in descending order, 1620, 1430 and 1100. Geologists and authorities are racing to quantify what might happen, and how they might respond in the event of the next one, likely to occur some time in the next 50 years. The Alpine Fault ruptures—on average—every 330 years with a magnitude 8 earthquake. 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Ula malaisei är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Alexander 1965. Ula malaisei ingår i släktet Ula och familjen hårögonharkrankar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hårögonharkrankar
malaisei


Maskulo presents the new set of fetish underwear! Jockstraps with brand new mesh codpiece made of 2 layers of mesh: an upper layer of 3D mesh creates attractive shape, an inner layer of thin colored mesh is soft and breathable keeping men's body parts in comfort. Shiny black leather-looking spandex draws attention expanding your masculinity around. Combine with the harnesses, masks, and armbands to get a complete look. Perfect for male striptease or exotic dance performance. Backless jockstraps rear coquettishly shows your soft spots to the one you allow to!


Our photo service is temporarily unavailable. To see the best pictures of Pahalgam, follow the following link to google Images.
In the following link we show you a selection of the best videos and movies of the city of Pahalgam in the state or province of Jammu-and-Kashmir. They are videos uploaded to youtube by the inhabitants of the city and by tourists and travelers who have visited it. Also Movies that refer to the locality of Jammu-and-Kashmir.


A public sector organisation based in Nottinghamshire currently have a temporary Building Surveyor job due to an increase in workload from new projects that will be starting over the coming months.
You will be working as a Building Surveyor on a temporary basis supporting various projects from different sectors, including refurbishment of a building.
You will be responsible for supporting projects from start to finish, including design work through AutoCAD, putting together specifications, providing advice and have knowledge of working on different sites and the ability to prepare invitations to tender.
You will be an experienced Building Surveyor, confident supporting projects and using AutoCAD.
Driving licence and vehicle access are essential.
Competitive hourly rate and paid on a weekly basis.