Many banks are insolvent, yet are allowed to stay in business. Being allowed to keep two sets of books is obscuring their real estate loan problems. This is the shadow inventory you sometimes hear about. Those millions of homes "that exist, but they don't." They presently admit to owning some 1 million homes they cannot sell, which is almost 25% higher than last year. If you put everything together you could be looking at an 8-year supply. Making matters worse lenders are holding homes on the books at values 40% higher than what they are worth. This is very similar to what is going on in Spain presently. We'll say this one more time. Most major banks and some middle tier and small institutions are broke and you are being lied to regarding their condition.
Distressed home sales make up about 50% of all sales and they are sold at rock bottom prices, which drives down the value of all homes. This condition could last another ten years. In California and Nevada such sales are some 70% of sales. This inventory will continue to suppress prices for some time to come, so do not even think about buying a home. Those lower foreclosure figures are a mirage caused by legal action against lenders. Those foreclosure numbers will grow higher soon, because these criminals are cutting a deal to pay fines, so no one goes to jail. Only in America. That foreclosure activity could come back slowly due to major changes in the industry.
As foreclosures pick up following a deal with the government the shadow inventory will build, banks will sell more homes, prices will fall further, losses to the banks will grow and the banks inadequate loan loss reserves will become evident. Then there are the ongoing lawsuits against the banks and their creation known as MERS, which has no further legal standing. We could see millions of mortgages being cancelled that is unless the crooks in Congress pass a forgiveness bill to relieve the banks of their fraud. The bottom line is many more banks are going under and some will be major banks.
As we predicted in June of 2005 that the housing market would crash we also predicted a 10 to 40 year fall and consolidation in housing. Most people can reflect on these past six years, but cannot perceive the future for housing. Market activity has fallen by almost 1/3rd, as housing prices fell ever lower. Although we do not see an increase in official interest rates we can easily see mortgages at 5-5/8% by the end of the year and 6-1/2% at the end of 2012. Lenders are going to have to demand 10% to 20% down. That will not only further decrease sales volume, but it will further depress prices. These rates may seem high, but inflation will be between 14% and 30% over that 1-1/2 to 2 year span.
Since 2006 house prices are down 32% and over the next year they will probably fall close to 40% from their highs. The Fed may have temporarily saved banking and Wall Street, but little has been done to solve the unemployment problem. If you have no job you cannot buy a house, not with real unemployment at 22%. As a result new home sales fell 28% in February, as their inventories rose to 8.9-month's sales. Our question is with such a tremendous home inventory overhang, why are builders building more homes, some 550,000 a year. They have to be dumber than rocks. Existing houses for sale rise every day plus there are more than a million in the foreclosure crisis. House prices still have to hit bottom and that is probably 30% lower and probably 3 years away. It is hard to get real estate going with unemployment at 20% and forced part-time employment at 10 million workers. Deceptive government statistics can only hold back reality for so long. People are finally seeing the truth of what unemployment and under-employment really are. Labor deterioration is accompanied by gas and food inflation. People at work paying steeply higher prices are in no position to buy a home. Feeding the family comes first. As a result of forced Fed policies we also have a falling dollar that increases prices for imported goods.
If all this wasn't bad enough municipalities and states are in serious financial trouble.
Their working force makes up 15% of overall employment and 70% of costs. That means to cut costs you lay people off first. That increases unemployment and disqualifies future homebuyers and puts more underwater homes into foreclosure, which compounds lenders' losses. Do not underestimate these layoffs, because they will have a strong negative affect on the overall economy. This year was really the beginning of these municipal and state layoffs. Looming in the shadows is the possibility of hundreds of municipal bankruptcies; 35 states are in the same position with no end in sight. Very few people really understand how serious the overall situation really is. These events take a terrible toll on consumer confidence. These were supposed to be lifetime jobs. What happens when pension checks stop due to bankruptcy? That has to slow the economy. 90% of state and local costs are for education. That means more layoffs and doubling class sizes to 40 children. Children are learning very little in school and their success is held down by the quality of students. It will be pandemonium with giant class sizes and many of the best teachers will resign.
The government supplies 35% of wages. Food stamps are helping to feed 44 million Americans. Government wants to cut Social Security, which people have paid into, but is erroneously allowing thousands in under disability. Medicare is a shamble, and Medicare is worse. In spite of the current problems 75% of Americans do not support cuts to Medicare and Social Security. In spite of that, if Wall Street and banking want less benefits, that is what Americans will get. America is accelerating to a welfare state.
Corporate America is in a dilemma. They are facing higher costs for petroleum products and food. This affects profits, if not passed on, business will eventually have to pass these costs on. In that environment there can be little hiring and little if any job growth. If they hold back price increases when increases do come they'll be very large.
Each day statements from the Fed get more bizarre. One of the latest ones is the Fed has to be accommodative because the central bank remains blow its targets for inflation and employment. Inflation is somewhat high and employment is dreadful.


text:
<?php
namespace TYPO3\Flow\Persistence\Generic;

/**
 * The QueryFactory used to create queries against the storage backend
 *
 * @api
 */
class QueryFactory implements \TYPO3\Flow\Persistence\Generic\QueryFactoryInterface
{
    /**
     * Creates a query object working on the given class name
     *
     * @param string $className
     * @return \TYPO3\Flow\Persistence\QueryInterface
     * @api
     */
    public function create($className)
    {
        return new \TYPO3\Flow\Persistence\Generic\Query($className);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
\section{Introduction}

One of the challenges in modern computational materials science is
being able to access phenomena that take place on different time and
length scales. Recently, a new model called the phase field crystal
(PFC) model has been constructed that describes phenomena taking
place on atomic length scale but diffusive time scales
\citep{elder:2002}, the combination of which has been unaccessible
for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using present day computers.
The PFC method is able to achieve this combination of scales by
replacing the individual atoms in MD simulations by a continuous
field that exhibits the periodic nature of the underlying atomic
lattice in the solid phase, but evolves in diffusive time scales. As
the original formulation of the PFC model relies on a
phenomenologically constructed free energy functional, it has proven
challenging to quantitatively relate the parameters that enter the
PFC model to the properties of real materials. In a recent study, we
have shown how the PFC model can be modified in such a way that many
relevant material properties can be included in the PFC free energy,
while still conserving most of the computational simplicity of the
model \citep{jaatinen:2009}. This can be achieved using the
so-called Eighth Order fitting (EOF) scheme. In the present work, we
use the EOF-PFC model to study the energy of symmetrically tilted
grain boundaries of bcc iron near its melting point. Results of our
calculations will provide an independent theoretical prediction for
the grain boundary energy of iron near its melting point. Perhaps
more importantly, they also provide indication on whether the EOF
scheme is a good candidate for future studies of grain boundary
related phenomena, such as grain boundary premelting
\citep{berry:2008,mellenthin:2008} and nanocrystalline deformation
\citep{elder:2004,stefanovic:2009}, with the PFC model.

\section{Model}

The phase field crystal (PFC) model describes crystallization
phenomena and has been applied to many different problems in
materials science. Originally, the model was phenomenologically
postulated in the spirit of the Ginzburg-Landau theory by
\cite{elder:2002}. The model consists of an order parameter field
that is driven by dissipative, conserved dynamics to minimize a free
energy functional, whose ground state exhibits a periodic structure
commensurate with the crystal symmetry of interest. More
specifically, the deterministic equation of motion for the locally
conserved order parameter field $n({\bf r})$ in these models is
given by
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:PFCdynamics} \frac{\partial n}{\partial t} = M \nabla^2
\frac{\delta F}{\delta n},
\end{equation}
where $M$ is mobility and $F$ is free energy of the system as a
functional of the field $n(\vec{r},t)$. The most usual choice of a
free energy functional for PFC studies is the form derived by
\cite{swift:1977} for a study of convective instabilities. Here we
briefly describe the procedure suggested by \cite{jaatinen:2009} for
obtaining a free energy that is capable of describing body-centered
cubic materials from a fundamental basis.

Derivation of our free energy starts from the classical
density-functional theory (DFT) of freezing, first pioneered by
\cite{ramakrishnan:1979}. The simplest free energy used in DFT of
freezing studies can be obtained by expanding the excess (over ideal
gas) contribution to the free energy around a uniform reference
density $\rho_0$, leading to
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:DFTn}   \frac{\Delta { F}[n({\bf r}) ]}{k_BT\rho_0} =
 \int d{\bf r}\left[ (1+n({\bf r})) \ln (1+n({\bf r}))-n({\bf r}) \right]
- \frac{1}{2}\int d{\bf r} \int d{\bf r}' n({\bf r})C(|{\bf r}-{\bf
r}'|)n({\bf r}'),
\end{equation}
where $\Delta F$ is the free energy difference between a given state
and the reference, $k_BT$ is the thermal energy and the
order-parameter field $n$ is related to the ensemble-averaged
one-particle density $\rho({\bf r})$ through $n({\bf r})=(\rho({\bf
r})-\rho_0)/\rho_0$. The function $C$ entering Eq. (\ref{eq:DFTn})
is the two-body direct correlation function (DCF) of the reference
liquid, which is related to the total pair correlation function, and
thus structure factor of the liquid through the well-known
Ornstein-Zernike relation.

In principle it is possible to use Eq. (\ref{eq:DFTn}) for PFC
studies; however, in practice solutions of this equation are very
sharply peaked in space (around atomic lattice positions) which
restricts numerical calculations to very small systems. To overcome
this difficulty, we make two approximations. Firstly, the non-local
part of $F$ is simplified by expanding the DCF in $k$-space up to
eighth order as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:gradexpansion2} C(k) \approx C(k_m) - \Gamma \left(
\frac{k_m^2 - k^2}{k_m^2} \right)^2 - E_B \left( \frac{k_m^2 -
k^2}{k_m^2} \right)^4,
\end{equation}
where the parameter $k_m$ is the position of the first maximum in the
original DCF, and $\Gamma$ and $E_B$ are chosen such that the
expansion reproduces the position, height and curvature of the first
maximum, and the $k = 0$ value of the original DCF. This is achieved
by choosing
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:Gamma} \Gamma = - \frac{k_m^2 C''(k_m)}{8},
\end{equation}
where primes denote derivatives with respect to $k$, and
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:EB} E_B = C(k_m) - C(0) - \Gamma.
\end{equation}

As shown by \cite{jaatinen:2009}, this eighth order expansion
provides an excellent fit from $k=0$ to the first peak in $C(k)$ in
the case of iron. However, for the density oscillations whose wave
vector corresponds to a $k$ larger than $k_m$, the expanded free
energy now results in a significantly larger free energy penalty,
thus reducing stability of the solid phase. In order to partly
correct this error, and to further simplify the mathematical form of
the free energy, the local part is expanded in a fourth order power
series as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:logexpansion} (1+n)\ln (1+n)-n \approx \frac{1}{2}n^2 -
\frac{a}{6}n^3 + \frac{b}{12}n^4.
\end{equation}
The coefficient $1/2$ for the second order term in this series is
obtained from a Taylor series in order to conserve the linear
stability of the model. For the third and fourth order terms we have
included constants $a$ and $b$, which are chosen such that the
solid will stabilize in the model, with the correct amplitude of
density fluctuations corresponding to the first star of reciprocal
lattice vectors, $u_s$. This is approximately achieved by choosing
them as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:nonlinears} a=\frac{3}{2 S(k_m)u_s};\hspace{1cm}
b=\frac{4}{30S(k_m)u_s^2},
\end{equation}
where $S(k_m)=(1-C(k_m))^{-1}$ is height of the first peak in the
structure factor of the reference liquid \citep{jaatinen:2009}. With
these approximations, the free energy finally becomes
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:Feof} \frac{\Delta { F}[n({\bf r}) ]}{k_BT\rho_0} =
 \int d{\bf r}\left[ \frac{n({\bf r})}{2} \left( 1-C(k_m) + \Gamma \left(
\frac{k_m^2 + \nabla^2}{k_m^2} \right)^2 + E_B \left( \frac{k_m^2 +
\nabla^2}{k_m^2} \right)^4 \right)n({\bf r}) - \frac{a}{6}n({\bf
r})^3 + \frac{b}{12}n({\bf r})^4 \right].
\end{equation}
In our previous study we fitted the parameters of the current model
with molecular dynamics simulation data from \cite{wu:2007},
complemented by experimental data from \cite{itami:1984} and
\cite{jimbo:1993}, for iron. The resulting model parameters are
$k_m=2.985$ \AA$^{-1}$, $C(k_m)=0.668$, $\Gamma = 11.583$ and
$E_B=38.085$ for the DCF part, and $a=0.6917$ and $b=0.08540$ for
the non-linear part. The reference temperature and density,
necessary for converting model results into SI units are $T=1772$ K
and $\rho_0=0.0801$ \AA$^{-3}$. We have also shown that with these
parameters, the model produces very reasonable predictions for bulk
modulus, solid-liquid coexistence gap and low index surface free
energies. \citep{jaatinen:2009} In the next section, we will show
that this model is also capable of describing grain boundaries in
iron.

\section{Grain boundaries}

Using the model and parameters described in the previous section, we
have studied the symmetrically tilted grain boundaries of iron.
Three choices of tilting axis, $\left< 100\right >$, $\left<
110\right
>$ and $\left< 111\right >$, were studied. The calculations were performed at a density of
$(\rho-\rho_0)/\rho_0=0.030$, which is just above the density of the
solid at coexistence. A density close to the solid-liquid
coexistence was chosen due to the fact that the model parameters
have been obtained to reproduce the selected properties of iron
close to its melting point \citep{jaatinen:2009}.

First, we have found the lattice constant $a$ of the bcc phase that
minimizes the free energy at the density in question. Then, a
computational box of dimensions $(L_x,L_y,L_z)$, and periodic boundary
conditions in all directions was initialized by using the one-mode
approximation,
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:onemode} n({\bf r})=n_0 + (1+n_0) 4 u  \left[ \cos(qx)
\cos(qy)
 +  \cos(qx) \cos(qz) +  \cos(qy) \cos(qz)
\right],
\end{equation}
where $q=2 \pi/a_{bcc}$,  $a_{bcc}$ being the lattice spacing, and
$u$ is the amplitude of density fluctuations. First, a rotation to
the one-mode approximation was applied such that the tilt axis was
parallel to the $z$ axis of the computational box. Then, in the
region $x=0\ldots L_x/2$, the one-mode approximation was rotated in
the $(x,y)$ plane by an angle $-\theta/2$, and in the region
$x=L_x/2\ldots L_x$ by an angle $\theta/2$, creating two
symmetrically tilted grain boundaries, located at $x=0$ and
$x=L_x/2$, with a tilting angle $\theta$. The tilting angles
$\theta$ and box dimensions $(L_x,L_y,L_z)$ were chosen such that
the periodic pattern of the lattice continues smoothly over the
periodic boundaries in the $y$ and $z$ directions, and an integer
number of atomic planes was placed between the two grain boundaries
in the system. The system size in the direction of the tilting axis,
$L_z$, was chosen to be the closest distance between two similar
atomic planes in the $z$-direction. In the perpendicular directions,
$L_x$ and $L_y$ were varied from case to case, such that for small
angles, the simulation box contained several thousands of maxima,
while for large angle calculations, only hundreds of maxima were
required, due to the smaller spacing between dislocations at the
boundary.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}

\includegraphics[width=100mm]{GbeTheta100.eps}
\caption{Grain boundary free energy as a function of the
misorientation angle $\theta$ when the tilt axis is in the $\left<
100\right >$ direction. Solid line shows the best fit to the
Read-Shockley equation at small tilt angles. Dashed line is a guide
to the eye. \label{fig:GbeTheta100}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=40mm]{100boundaryny01nz64small.eps}
\hspace{1cm}
\includegraphics[width=40mm]{100boundaryny01nz05small.eps}
\hspace{1cm}
\includegraphics[width=40mm]{100boundaryny01nz03small.eps}
\caption{Example final configurations from the $\left< 100\right
>$ case. The gray scale in these figures corresponds to $n(x,y,0)$.
On the left, we show the low-angle bcc$(0\ 64\
1)\left<100\right>\Sigma40975$ ($\theta=1.79 ^\circ$) boundary,
where one clearly sees the individual dislocation. The middle figure
shows a large angle bcc$(051)\left<100\right>\Sigma13$
($\theta=22.62 ^\circ$) boundary, and the figure on the right shows
the bcc$(031)\left<100\right>\Sigma5$ ($\theta=36.87 ^\circ$), for
which a small energy cusp was observed. \label{fig:Samples100}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In order to find the minimum energy of the system with the grain
boundaries, we have numerically integrated Eq.
(\ref{eq:PFCdynamics}) until convergence, using the semi-implicit
operator splitting method of \cite{tegze:2009}. The Laplace operator
is discretized in $k$-space as $\Delta_{\bf k}=-k^2$. Grain boundary
free energy per unit area, $E_{gb}$, is then obtained from
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:Egb} E_{gb}=L_z \frac{f-f_b}{2},
\end{equation}
where $f$ is the average free energy density of the final
configuration, and $f_b$ is free energy density of a non-rotated
system.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}

\includegraphics[width=100mm]{GbeTheta110.eps}
\caption{Grain boundary free energy as a function of the
misorientation angle $\theta$ when the tilt axis is in the $\left<
110\right >$ direction. Dashed line is a guide to the eye.
\label{fig:GbeTheta110}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=35mm]{110SmallAngle002.53small.eps}
\hspace{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=35mm]{110LargeAngle026.52small.eps}
\hspace{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=35mm]{110LargeAngle050.47small.eps}
\hspace{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=35mm]{110LargeAngle109.47small.eps}
\caption{Example final configurations from the $\left< 110\right
>$ case, with the gray scale corresponding to $n(x,y,0)$. From left
to right, the corresponding grain boundaries are bcc$(32\ 32\
1)\left<110\right>\Sigma2049$ ($\theta=2.53^\circ$),
bcc$(331)\left<110\right>\Sigma19$ ($\theta=26.52^\circ$),
bcc$(332)\left<110\right>\Sigma11$ ($\theta=50.47^\circ$) and
bcc$(112)\left<110\right>\Sigma3$ ($\theta=109.47^\circ$).
\label{fig:Samples110}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Fig. \ref{fig:GbeTheta100} shows the results of our grain boundary
free energy calculations, and Fig. \ref{fig:Samples100} shows three
example final configurations for the $\left< 100\right
>$ case. As in previous studies utilizing the original PFC free energy
functional \citep{elder:2002,elder:2004,mellenthin:2008}, we find
that for small angles the grain boundary energy closely follows the
expression by \cite{rs:50},
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:rs} E_{gb} = E_0 \theta \left(A-{\rm
ln}\left(\theta\right)\right),
\end{equation}
where
$E_0$ is an energy scale that depends on elastic properties of the
material studied, and the constant $A$ depends on the dislocation
core energy. In addition, both of these constants depend on the
orientation of the grain boundary. In the present work, as we have
not developed numerical tools for quantifying all the properties
that enter the expressions for $E_0$ and $A$ \citep{rs:50}, we have
chosen to treat them as fitting parameters. The best fit to the
current data gives $E_0=1.1271$ Jm$^{-2}$ and $A=-0.41$.

For large values of $\theta$, the changes in $E_{gb}$ are moderate,
with the maximum value being 0.377 Jm$^{-2}$. By close inspection of
Fig. \ref{fig:GbeTheta100} one can distinguish small energy cusps at
angles corresponding to bcc$(031)\left<100\right>\Sigma5$
($\theta=36.87 ^\circ$) and bcc$(053)\left<100\right>\Sigma17$
($\theta=61.93 ^\circ$) grain boundary planes. Both of these energy
cusps correspond to a low coincidence site lattice (CSL) $\Sigma$.
However, for the other low-$\Sigma$ grain boundaries, for example
the bcc$(021)\left<100\right>\Sigma5$ ($\theta=53.13 ^\circ$), no
such cusps were observed. More generally, we do not observe any
clear correlation between the CSL $\Sigma$ and energies of large
angle grain boundaries. Thus, our results do not agree with
\cite{zhang:2005} who found, using molecular statics with modified
analytical embedded atom method, that the energy of symmetrically
tilted grain boundaries in iron increases with increasing $\Sigma$.
Our results agree much better with \cite{shibuta:2008} who have
performed molecular dynamics simulations with Finnis-Sinclair
potential to calculate the energies of different symmetric tilt
boundaries of iron in different temperatures. Their results are
qualitatively (but not quantitatively) very similar to ours, and
they also observe the small energy cusp at
bcc$(031)\left<100\right>\Sigma5$ present in our results as well.
However, unlike in our results, \cite{shibuta:2008} observe another
small energy cusp at bcc$(021)\left<100\right>\Sigma5$. The cusp we
observe at bcc$(053)\left<100\right>\Sigma17$ is not present in
their results.

Results of our grain boundary free energy calculations for the
$\left< 110\right >$ case are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:GbeTheta110},
and example final configurations for this case are shown in Fig.
\ref{fig:Samples110}. The low-angle behavior of $E_{gb}$ vs.
$\theta$ is qualitatively very similar to the $\left< 100\right
>$ case, but at large angles, interesting features are observed.
There is a deep minimum corresponding to
bcc$(112)\left<110\right>\Sigma3$ ($\theta=109.47^\circ$), which is
a twin boundary. The grain boundary energy in this minimum is only
approximately third of the maximum values observed. Other clear
local minima are observed at bcc$(221)\left<110\right>\Sigma9$
($\theta=38.94^\circ$), bcc$(111)\left<110\right>\Sigma3$
($\theta=70.53^\circ$) and bcc$(114)\left<110\right>\Sigma9$
($\theta=141.06^\circ$). Thus for $\left<110\right>$ grain
boundaries all angles with $\Sigma<10$ correspond to a local minimum
in grain boundary energy. However, as in the $\left< 100\right >$
case, we do not find a more general correlation between $\Sigma$ and
$E_{gb}$, as can be seen from Fig \ref{fig:110sigma}, where we plot
$E_{gb}$ vs. $\Sigma$ for the $\left< 110\right >$ case. In
comparison of our results with \cite{shibuta:2008}, we find that our
depth of the bcc$(112)\left<110\right>\Sigma3$ minimum is in an
excellent agreement with their work. However, their
bcc$(221)\left<110\right>\Sigma9$ minimum is much less pronounced
than in our work, and the remaining two of the local minima, that we
observed, were not observed in their study at all. Instead, they
observe a small energy cusp at bcc$(554)\left<110\right>\Sigma33$
($\theta=58.99^\circ$), which we did not find anomalous.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=100mm]{GbeSigma110.eps}
\caption{Grain boundary free energy as a function of the coincidence
site lattice $\Sigma$ when the tilt axis is in the $\left< 110\right
>$ direction. \label{fig:110sigma}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}

\includegraphics[width=100mm]{GbeTheta111.eps}
\caption{Grain boundary free energy as a function of the
misorientation angle $\theta$ when the tilt axis is in the $\left<
111\right >$ direction. Dashed line is a guide to the eye.
\label{fig:GbeTheta111}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Results for the case where tilting axis is in the $\left< 111\right
>$ direction are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:GbeTheta111}. In this case,
the energy increases with increasing misorientation, without any
noteworthy energy cusps, until reaching a maximum value at $\theta =
32.20^\circ$. When further increasing $\theta$ from that maximum,
the grain boundary decreases, as the orientation gets closer to the
partial matching at $\theta=60^\circ$. Finally, at $\theta=60^\circ$
(i.e. bcc$(121)\left<111\right>\Sigma3$) the grain boundary energy
is 0.357 Jm$^{-2}$, which is approximately 30 \% of the maximum
value. The place of the maximum energy, magnitude of the
$\theta=60^\circ$ value compared to the maximum, and the absence of
energy cusps agree very well with the molecular dynamics results of
\cite{shibuta:2008}.

Experimentally, the large angle grain boundary energy of $\delta$
iron has been determined to be 0.468 Jm$^{-2}$ \citep{murr:1975}, in
good agreement with our maximum value. It is also worthwhile noting
that the agreement of our results with \cite{murr:1975} for the
ratio of large angle grain boundary energy to the solid-liquid
surface free energy is even better: $E_{gb}/\sigma_{s-l} \approx
2.16$ in the present model (solid-liquid surface energy from
\cite{jaatinen:2009}), where the values from \cite{murr:1975} give
$E_{gb}/\sigma_{s-l} \approx 2.29$. When comparing our values for
grain boundary energies with the results of the previously mentioned
atomistic calculations, we observe that the grain boundary energies
obtained by \cite{zhang:2005} are of the order of several Joules per
square meter, being significantly higher than the values reported
here or those reported by by \cite{shibuta:2008}.  It should be
noted that the calculations of \cite{zhang:2005} were conducted at
absolute zero temperature, not near the melting point, which perhaps
explains this discrepancy.  The grain boundary energies reported by
\cite{shibuta:2008}, on the other hand, reach a maximum of
approximately 1.6 Jm$^{-2}$ at moderate temperatures, rising to
approximately 2.4 Jm$^{-2}$ close to the melting point. A likely
reason for our grain boundary energies being closer to the
experimental values than those of \cite{shibuta:2008} is that we
are, in accordance to the experimentalists, actually measuring the
grain boundary \emph{free energy}, unlike \cite{shibuta:2008} who
only measure the excess energy of creating a grain boundary, without
taking into account the entropic part of the free energy.

\section{Conclusion}

We have applied the recently established EOF-PFC
model to study the structure and energy of symmetric tilt
grain boundaries in iron, with the axis of rotation parallel to
$\left<100 \right>$ and $\left<110 \right>$ directions. For small
misorientation angles, we found that the grain boundary energy
increases with increasing misorientation, in agreement with the
Read-Shockley equation. For large misorientation angles, we observed
local minima in the grain boundary energy vs. misorientation curve,
many of which have been observed in molecular dynamics simulations
as well. The local minima are associated with low values of the
coincidence site lattice $\Sigma$, but no general correlation
between $\Sigma$ and the grain boundary energy was found. In
general, the qualitative agreement between present results and
previous MD results at finite temperature was found
to be good. Quantitatively, the agreement of our result with an
experimental value for the large angle grain boundary energy is
better than that from the MD. As
our phase field crystal results agree well with previous MD
study of grain boundaries in iron, and an experimental
large angle grain boundary energy, they may even be considered an
independent prediction for the angular dependence of grain boundary
energy in iron. More importantly, they show the potential of the
EOF-PFC in modeling materials properties where grain
boundaries play an important role.

\section{Acknowledgements}
This work was supported in part by the Academy of Finland through
its Center of Excellence COMP grant, Tekes through its MASIT33
project, and joint funding under EU STREP Grant No. 016447 MagDot
and NSF DMR Grant No. 0502737. K.R.E. acknowledges support from NSF
under Grant No. DMR-0906676.

\bibliographystyle{techmech}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home News I am Pan-Africanist, Nigerian to the core — Obasanjo
I am Pan-Africanist, Nigerian to the core — Obasanjo
Former President, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo has disclosed that his allegiance is for Africa and Nigeria, as he would not be part of anything outside them.
He affirmed that the sterling values and virtue in the continent and the country, made him a Pan-Africanist and Nigeria to the core.
The disclosure came even as the former President and Eternal Grandpatron of the Kegite Club tasked the club to unite and become one, saying their unity was part of what would be needed to make him truly a eternal grandpatron of the club.
In a statement by his Special Assistant on Media, Kehinde Akinyemi on Sunday, Obasanjo also explained why it was power that has been after him and not him after power.
At a symposium held to celebrate his 85th birthday, organized by the Kegite Club at the Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Abeokuta, two renowned journalists, Dr. Yemi Faroumbi, Dr. Festus Adedayo and Prof. Chief Kolawole Kazeem spoke on the the theme: "Depreciating Cultural Values and Virtue in the Era of Social Media: Causes, Challenges and Solutions."
Obasanjo who expressed joy and satisfaction for the Kegite Club by the honour, said, the honour would not be taken for granted, stressing, "if anything that should be Nigeria, is not Nigeria, I will not be part of it. Or, if anything that should be Africa is not Africa, count me out of it. I am Pan-Africanist. I am Nigeria to the core.
"I will only be your Kegite eternal grandpatron if you all bury your hatchets. So, the honour you all that are here will do me is to come together now, so that by next year of my birthday, we will all be together again, and that will gladden my hearts."
Obasanjo, while reacting to Faroumbi paper, which described him as someone, who at no time ran after power, submitted that by his military training soldiering and politics do not go to together.
Farounbi in the lecture, had said that Obasanjo rejected the call for him to become the Head of State in 1976, after the coup that claimed the lives of the General Murtala Muhammed and some other military officers.
"I also know that he did everything possible to reject becoming the candidate of PDP and ultimately the president in 1999 elections.
"I can say authoritatively because because I was involved. He had no interest in pursuing power, but power was interested in pursuing him because of the much needed cultural values inherent in him.
"He was like David in the Bible. He did not want to be a king, but he had the values of a king. He has demonstrated bravery by killing a bear and lion with bear hands."
But, according to Obasanjo: "I was at a time as you mentioned once reluctant to be in political power. I was trained as a soldier. One of my trainings is that soldiering and politics don't go together and I stuck to that. But as you rightly said while I stuck to separation between soldiering and politics, power started chasing me and I ran, and I ran and I ran and until I could not run out of the reach of power. I believed that without been immodest, the fact that I was not looking for power, power was looking for me make a drought of business."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Four Kinds of People Mosquitos Love - Bug Busters USA, Inc.
Do you ever feel like mosquitos seem to seek you out more than other people? Well, you may actually be correct. There are four things that can make you much more of a mosquito magnet than other people. Unfortunately, not all of these conditions are possible to change, so you may just be stuck spraying insect repellent all over you every time you go outside.
Scientists already knew that mosquitos are attracted to the carbon dioxide we exhale, but you might not have known that pregnant women produce a hell of a lot more, which means they also attract way more mosquitos. This is even more dangerous with the recent Zika virus outbreak, which is a particular threat to pregnant mothers and their unborn babies. Another thing that can make you a mosquito magnet is exercise. Mosquitos love lactic acid, which your muscles produce in very large quantities when you strain them during exercise. Mosquitos will also flock towards people with a higher temperature, meaning you should stay away from drinks that will raise it. Alcohol in particular will make your temperature go up, meaning mosquitos will flock towards your warm body. For some reason blood type can also affect how much mosquitos are attracted to you. If you have type O blood, you have an 83% chance of getting bitten by a mosquito…or many mosquitos.
How much of a mosquito magnet are you? Do you have any tips for repelling mosquitos?


text:
C-47 Skytrains of the 32nd Troop Carrier Squadron, 314th Troop Carrier Group. Handwritten caption on reverse: 'Barkston Heath? Saltby?'
314th Troop Carrier Group
32nd Troop Carrier Squadron
Barkston Heath
Barkston Heath was established as a grass Relief Landing Ground for RAF Cranwell in 1941-43, before being developed with hard runways for RAF Bomber Command in 1943-44. It was used by the transport aircraft of the Ninth Air Force's 61st Troop Carrier...
Saltby
Initially a grass airfield satellite to RAF Cottesmore, Saltby opened in August 1941 as the home of No. 14 OTU, but closed for development in August 1943. When allocated to the Ninth Air Force in February 1944, it had three concrete runways, 33 loop...
Roger Freeman Collection
FRE 3387
IWM, Roger Freeman Collection


The MDA National Group is made up of MDA National Limited ABN 67 055 801 771 and MDA National Insurance Pty Ltd (MDA National Insurance) ABN 56 058 271 417 AFS Licence No. 238073.
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The Website contains hyperlinks and other pointers to Internet websites operated by third parties. These linked websites are not under the control of the MDA National Group, and the MDA National Group is not responsible for the contents of any linked web or any hyperlink contained in a linked website. The MDA National Group provides these hyperlinks to you as a convenience only, and the inclusion of any link does not imply any endorsement of the linked website by the MDA National Group. You link to any such website entirely at your own risk.
The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) and similar State and Territory Legislation in Australia may confer rights and remedies on you in relation to the provision by the MDA National Group of goods or services on the Website which cannot be excluded, restricted or modified ("Non-excludable Rights"). The MDA National Group does not exclude any Non-excludable Rights but does exclude all other conditions and warranties implied by custom, law or statute.
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This article describes how the Enterprise API can be used by 3rd-party integrations for creating Digital articles.
For more information about the JSON Digital article format, see The JSON Digital article format specification.
The currently supported file format for Digital articles is version 2.0. The previous version was version 1.2.
When during the process of handling existing Digital articles an older version is encountered, it is automatically converted to the supported version.
Note: The version of the file format that is currently supported can be found in the CS_DIGITAL_ARTICLE_VERSION setting in the Enterprise/plugins/ContentStation/config.php file of the Content Station Server plug-in.
Note: When the version is not provided, the Content Station Server plug-in will decode the file to obtain the version. This negatively affects the processing time.
In Content Station 11.18, Component Sets were introduced. In short, a Component Set controls which components a user can make use of in the article, how these components look and how they work.
Component Sets are made available for a Digital article by assigning them to the template on which a Digital article is based when it is created. In the API this can be done by using the ExtraMetadata property C_CS_COMPONENTSET. Its ID can be retrieved from a Digital Article template to which it is assigned.
Digital article templates can be created in the same way that a Digital article is created. However, a file format version other than the currently supported version is not accepted by the Content Station Server plug-in and therefore it invokes the Enterprise Cloud Services to convert the template to the currently supported file format version on-the-fly.
Example: After uploading a version 1.2 template, a version 2.0 template is stored in the file store for template object version 0.1.
Saving a Digital article or Digital article template works identical to the WflCreateObjectsRequest described above, but now a WflSaveObjectsRequest is used. The same rules and limitations as for a Digital article apply.
To retrieve a native Digital article file, a special RequestInfo parameter should be provided named DigitalArticleFileFormatVersion.
where <version> stands for the desired file format version of the Digital article file.
For Content Station 11.3 to 11.17: it is assumed that version 1.2 is wanted.
For Content Station 11.18 and higher: it is assumed that the version is not relevant; the current version of the Digital article is returned.
When version 1.2 is present in the file store and version 2.0 is requested, the Content Station Server plug-in will request the Enterprise Cloud Services to convert the version 1.2 article to version 2.0.
When version 2.0 is present and version 1.2 is requested, it will fail because conversion to 1.2 is not supported.
Digital article templates can be retrieved in the same way as Digital articles. The same rules and limitations as for a Digital article apply.
Digital articles (and templates) can be sent to the Trash Can and restored from the Trash Can in the usual way.
When the Digital article template has a different file format version than the current version the Content Station Server plug-in, an error will appear when running the Health Check, even when the file is found in the Trash Can. Such files have to be permanently deleted (removed from the Trash Can).
Invoked Web services: RestoreVersion, GetVersion and ListVersions.
Older versions of Digital article objects can be restored. Note that an old version may have an old file format version.
Suppose version v0.1 has format 1.2 and version v0.2 has format 2.0. By restoring version v0.1 of this article, a copy of that version is made as the actual version v0.3 which has format 1.2.
When restoring a Digital article template, the Content Station Server plug-in will prevent an older file format version to become the most active one. If that is about to happen, the plug-in invokes the Enterprise Could Service to convert the restored template on-the-fly to the currently supported file format version.
Invoked Web services: InstantiateTemplate, CreateObjectOperation.
For detailed information, see Creating a print variant of a Digital article.
In both cases, when the file format version of the Digital article is not the currently supported version, the Content Station Server plug-in invokes the Enterprise Cloud Services to convert the article to the current version on-the-fly.
However, this does not result in a new version for the Digital article, but it is used as input to create the print variant. In other words: the Digital article remains untouched (even when it has an older file format version) yet a print variant is created.
For the end user there is no difference in the system response, nor is there for Content Station a need to act differently; it is all handled by the back-end.
8 August 2018: Added section 'Specifying a Component Set'.
8 August 2018: Updated the note for DigitalArticleFileFormatVersion in section 'Getting a Digital article'.


text:
Home cricket Danny Morrison HBL PSL HBL PSL 2019 Pakistan Super League Pakistani cricket PCB PSL4 sport sports HBL PSL Has Helped Pakistan Immeasurably, Says Danny Morrison
HBL PSL Has Helped Pakistan Immeasurably, Says Danny Morrison
Qanit Riaz Bhalli March 01, 2019 cricket, Danny Morrison, HBL PSL, HBL PSL 2019, Pakistan Super League, Pakistani cricket, PCB, PSL4, sport, sports,
Former New Zealand fast bowler Danny Morrison, one of the most lively and respected voices in cricket, believes HBL Pakistan Super League has helped Pakistan immeasurably, throwing and maturing talent to the hilt.
The 53-year-old, a regular part of commentary teams to all parts of the cricketing world, including the HBL PSL, singled-out Shadab Khan as a player who has matured from the Pakistan league.
"PSL has helped Pakistan cricket immeasurably," Morrison told psl-t20.com. "Particularly, when you look at the talent available, particularly the raw talent, it's great."
Morrison, who played 48 Tests and 96 ODIs, said HBL PSL has been helpful for Pakistan cricket.
"There are a lot of discussions with the Pakistan players on how you need to improve the pitch standards, got to get a better structure and all cost money and then you are playing away from home, but with all that PSL has helped and thrown talent.
"The franchisees have benefited, the players have benefited by rubbing shoulders with some big international players. There are other franchise-based tournaments, which have also helped young talent emerge and benefit."
Morrison praised the development of Shadab, Pakistan's leg-spinner who is now captaining Islamabad United after regular skipper Mohammad Sami got injured.
"The development of Shadab, he is now doing captaincy, is significant. I am really impressed with Rumman Raees, a bit of bouncing back in terms of fitness," said Morrison of Rumman who had a year-long lay-off due to injury.
"Then guys like Musa Khan making his debut, he is very exciting," said Morrison of the Islamabad United newest pace sensation. "Babar (Azam) bursting onto the scene and his skills with the white ball have developed in the PSL."
Babar is the world's number-one ranked batsman which has synchronised with the HBL PSL.
"Faheem Ashraf maturing with the ball in the hand, the redemption and allowance of Mohammad Amir to come back into international cricket; it's good for Pakistan cricket.
"I am targeting pace here, obviously, but I think that is where Pakistan's strength lies. There are more than few who have been unearthed in the PSL."
Morrison praised the standards of play in the HBL PSL.
"I missed the first one," said Morrison of the first edition in 2016. "I love this part of the world and have a lot of Pakistani fans. There is a great standard of the game and it's attracting big names. I think there is a great standard of cricket. I am looking forward to coming back to Pakistan.
"I was there in October 2017 for the Sri Lanka Twenty20."
Morrison recalls the 1990 tour of New Zealand to Pakistan.
"I was there in 1990. It was a tough gig, it was a young side as Martin Crowe had taken over from John Wright and few senior pros did not come. It was a changing of guards with Richard Hadlee just finished in England and we were up against a very good Pakistan attack so we were run-over.
"The two Ws and Aaqib Javed were great," said Morrison of Pakistan's pace attack of Wasim Akram, Waqar Younis and Aaqib Javed. "Then they had Abdul Qadir and good spin bowling of balance. So, we were run-over there. Then I came back in 1996 for the World Cup but did not last long with a groin injury.
"I have enjoyed my visits to Pakistan. It was always tough for fast bowlers. I have always been pleasantly surprised at how clean and organized the streets are in Lahore. Obviously, Karachi is different with it being down by the coast, a bit of wild at times. But good to see people come out and watch cricket."
"It would have been a challenge. You need to get your yorkers, I quite liked watching the two Ws get that right in early 90s, they had that ball and were always searching for that.
"It's a go-to-ball, any bowler could have been smashed on the day, but I would have loved to play T20s."
Tags # cricket # Danny Morrison # HBL PSL # HBL PSL 2019 # Pakistan Super League # Pakistani cricket # PCB # PSL4 # sport # sports
Labels: cricket, Danny Morrison, HBL PSL, HBL PSL 2019, Pakistan Super League, Pakistani cricket, PCB, PSL4, sport, sports


text:
Tales of Life in a Border Town
Lovettsville, my home, is the northernmost town of any significant size in Virginia. It was settled by Pennsylvania Dutch émigrés whose religion and culture abhorred slavery, and their orientation was always northward toward Philadelphia. During the run-up to the Civil War, in the statewide referendum on secession in the spring of 1861, the town voted in a ratio of 90% against it.
Some eight miles to the south, the town of Hillsboro voted in almost exactly the same proportion in favor.
The only military unit raised in Virginia to fight for the Union, the Loudoun Rangers, was mainly manned by men from Lovettsville and from Waterford, a nearby town founded by Quakers.
Their loyalty to the Union caused them great distress during the Recent Unpleasantness; seen as traitors by their neighbors, they were raided and hounded by John Mosby and his cohort. There are few barns older than 1864, because most of them were immolated during that year's Burning Raid.
All of this is by way of setting the scene for a couple of things that happened this weekend.
At my son's soccer game Saturday, I noticed a girl wearing a warmup jacket emblazoned on the back with a large soccer ball and the legend "The Lovettsville Freedom." Notwithstanding my distaste for sports teams named after singular nouns (the Utah Jazz being the most ludicrous example), I couldn't help wondering if the Lovettsville Freedom didn't perhaps have a fierce cross-county rivalry with their neighbors to the south, the Purcellville Slavery.
The other incident was more troubling. I helped out at a local event at which a raffle was held. As the winning tickets were picked at the end of the event, when many of the ticketholders had packed up and gone home, I volunteered to call the winners, who'd left phone numbers on their tickets. One of the folks I called wasn't home, and I left a message on her machine. Not long thereafter, her sister came and picked up the item.
An hour or so later, my cell phone rang. The voice at the other end had a Southern accent so thick and so quickly spoken that I couldn't understand her. She was quite agitated about something, but it took me a good long while to make out exactly what. After several requests for repetition and silences on my end while I tried to think, it became apparent that she'd been given an item that she hadn't actually bought a ticket for.
Now, why this would upset someone quite this much I don't know -- it seemed to me that winning a raffle item you didn't bid on would be something of a windfall, an unexpected gift; and if you don't like it, well, that's why God made trash cans.
I offered to come pick up the item -- I still don't know what the hell it was -- but she then demurred and allowed that she thought she'd keep it after all.
Then she became a little sheepish and apologetic, and regretted making the call in the first place. (I'm not prepared to swear that Demon Rum was a thousand miles away from this conversation.) Then she dropped the bomb:
"I swear, I bet when you hang up you're gonna call me everything but a white woman."
I mean, what the fuck!?
I suppose in these waning days of the Imus Incident it's just terribly naive of me to be shocked by someone's casual racism. That's always something that happens elsewhere, and not in my sheltered, bourgeois life. But it's abundantly clear that we are eons away from coming to terms with the ugliness of slavery. Having lived in other countries in my youth, I also know that other people are just as awful as we are: Some of the ugliest, most hateful language I've ever heard came out of the mouth of a lifelong resident of Stockholm. Then, of course, there was that whole Hitler thing.
But I think the thing that most shocked me was this woman's clear implication that I wouldn't be offended by something as casually ugly as that. She had no idea who was on the other end of the line -- I do have a Tragically White voice, it's true, but I could have been anybody.
See, this is why I don't like people, why I'm such a hermit, why I live in a clearing in a forest on the side of a mountain. You think you're prepared to deal with just about anything, and then suddenly bam! Somebody drops this shit on you, and you get depressed and angry and want to go hide under the bed.
Go away. I'm not home.
Kevin Wolf said...
No, you see, racism is okay so long as it's casual.
Alright, no, my real reaction was: OUCH.
Hah! I've always wondered what formal sex looked like. Tux and patent-leather shoes?
Well, you know what they say about Ginger Rogers: she did everything that Fred did, only backwards and in high heels.
Myles said...
When I lived in Brooklyn a while back, I had an 80 year old woman follow me down Flatbush ave. one evening screaming obscenities at me. Saying things like, "You can't run away from me you white devil mother fucker!" I mean, really, what can you do in a situation like that? I could only imagine what she must have gone through in her life to exhibit such rage at that age. Or, she could simply have been batshit insane. So it goes.
As a 60-year old white Southerner, I've long been treated to the festering racist blather of people with whom I share epidermal melanin content, a trace of an accent, and not much more. And I can see it coming, heralded by a slight drop in conversational volume or telltale, slightly furtive glances right and left. The language doesn't have to be overt; they may just refer to them with a pointed conspiratorial look.
What's so personally galling is the assumption that I'm receptive to this drivel. Frequently it's one of my patients at the hospital, so my reactions may sometimes be constrained.
But I also take encouragement when I see patients of different races acting congenial with each other, and when rural white patients talk with their black or Indian or Muslim doctors, just as though the differences weren't there at all. These sights would have been rare 20 years ago; now they are commonplace. Small victories should be savored when they present themselves.
I'm living in a country that's now using anti-racism laws selectively, and it makes me sick to my stomach.
Sure, the government can deport a muslim cleric for promoting violence against white christians, but what about a rich, white, ignorant radio announcer who makes a lucrative living out of saying how hard it is to be rich and white in our country because of [insert scapegoat], (even though he would seem to be an obvious exception to his own rhetoric), and promotes violence against the lebanese on his radio show, leading up to the January Riots in Sydney? Why then the Prime Minister has to offer him a show of support and says he's just a 'good bloke'.
I swear i've almost completely lost my fear of death. Leaving all of this behind would be a blessing at times. Finally, some peace and quiet.
Although she grew up in flyover country like me, my sister lives a ways down I-81 from you, Neddie, and I tell you it's always a kick in the gut when she says something like "That's right white of you" with no irony intended.
XTCfan said...
See, this is why I don't like people, why I'm such a hermit, why I live in a clearing in a forest on the side of a mountain.
See, this is why I won't even help out at local raffles and other such things. I've become so enraged at the Willfully Ignorant that, if I'm forced to interact with them at my kids' schools, etc., I have to make myself ignore all the blatant lifestyle choices they make, much less the latent racism, homophobia, fear and loathing of the lower classes, Republicanism (I know, I repeat myself).
Dem, I had to chuckle when I read "I can see it coming, heralded by a slight drop in conversational volume or telltale, slightly furtive glances right and left," because instead of racist remarks, that's typically how I meet Democrats. Strange, innit. I do try to celebrate the small victories, and do see them myself, but like Simon I mostly despair for our race and sometimes wonder if it's worth it at all...
Let's not forget old Pauline Hanson, a racist politician hiding behind the old 'i'm just saying what everyone is thinking' rhetoric, who was vilified in my country and eventually fell out of politics, but seemingly forgiven because she competed on 'Dancing With The Stars' and everyone admired her for 'having a go'.
Am I the only one who's worried that our foreign policy on immigration and political future of the country, (painted by Hanson as those violent muslims, ghetto-happy asians, and 'diseased' africans), can really be shaped by 'Dancing With The Stars?'
She's turned this into a recent autobiography, and now is running for Federal Parliament in 2007.
Holy shit, is my country stupid.
And Just How Busy a Lad Is Your Ned?
The Saddest Thing in the World
This I Believe...
The New Atlantis
Just Below the Surface
Now You
The Little House We Used to Live In
Nummy!
A Tinny Little Sputnik
It's Nice to Be Wanted, I Suppose...
Further on Those Sixteenth Notes


Operation Mental Health is a relatively new initiative to the College of Pharmacy. According to World Health Organization, about 1 out of every 4 individuals in the world will be affected by mental or neurological disorders at some point in their lives, placing mental disorders among the leading causes of ill-health and disability worldwide. Due to these statistics, Operation Mental Health's goal is to provide opportunities for students to learn more about the pharmacist's role in providing Mental Health services and to have an open dialogue to reduce the stigma around mental illness. In doing so, Operation Mental Health is dedicated to having events that promote mental wellbeing within underserved populations within the Twin Cities.
Some events planned for this year include NAMI Walks, participation in health fairs, case discussions, trainings on how to communicate with our community on drug abuse and many insightful speakers. Join us in April at the annual College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacist (CPNP) meeting in Salt Lake City to learn more about advancements and new findings within the field of mental health and neurology.


text:
Home » World News » Manchester Arena terror plotter and Parsons Green Tube station bomber charged with attacking a prison officer
Manchester Arena terror plotter and Parsons Green Tube station bomber charged with attacking a prison officer
THE Manchester Arena terror plotter and Parsons Green Tube Station bomber have today been charged with attacking a prison officer.
Hashem Abedi, 23, and Ahmed Hassan, 21, were charged with actual bodily harm after the alleged attack at HMP Belmarsh on 11 May 2020.
⚠ Read our coronavirus live blog for the latest news & updates
Abedi was also charged with assault on an emergency worker, relating to a second prison officer.
A third man, Muhammed Saeed, 22, was also charged over the incident.
The three men are due to appear at Bromley Magistrates' Court on April 7.
Hashem Abedi was jailed after plotting the attack on the Manchester Area with his brother Salman in 2017 which killed 22 people.
Abedi was found guilty by a jury in March of 22 counts of murder, attempted murder and plotting to cause an explosion likely to endanger life over the 2017 Manchester Arena bomb attack.
He was handed 24 life sentences in August with a minimum term of 55 years before he can be considered for parole.
Meanwhile, Hassan was jailed for life after building a bomb and planting it on a packed rush-hour District line Tube train on September 15, 2017.
The blast injured dozens of people.
During his trial, he denied he had intended to kill anyone, saying he wanted the device, surrounded by shrapnel, including knives, screwdrivers, nails and screws, to burn rather than detonate.
However he was found guilty "on overwhelming evidence".
Home workers fuel 35% dip in traffic in morning and evening peak times
Capitol cops 'tackle and repeatedly punch' MAGA rioter as he stormed building in dramatic video


Hybrid.Chat is a cloud-based live chat solution that allows users to build chatbots. The solution provides templates for chatbots with a range of purposes, such as lead capture, hotel booking and appointment booking.
The chatbots can be created using pre-built templates which can then be connected to a variety of messengers. Hybrid.Chat supports integrations with services such as Slack, MatterMost, HipChat, Telegram, WhatsApp and WeChat.
Hybrid.Chat automates conversations by routing chats to suitable departments. The solution offers multiple in-chat widgets, and users can monitor chat logs and automate answers for frequently asked questions. Chatbots with pre-built natural language processing can assist in routing questions to appropriate staff members. Additionally, Hybrid.Chat lets users create common channels through which anyone on the team can take up the chat with customers.
Hybrid.Chat offers services on a monthly subscription basis and support is provided via live chat, email and over the phone.
1. I was able to crank up leads from my website with the same amount of traffic with this Live Chat software.
2. Automating conversations is easy. You just edit an online spreadsheet and it is converted into a chatbot.
3. The chatbot can send SMS, create call conferences, which we can use to connect with agents that are out there in the field.
4. The chats come into our Official Slack, which helps my entire team (you can select who to invite) engage with the leads.
1. The UI can be improved upon. I found the documentation a little confusing, but the support team helped me navigate through it.


Step inside this wonderfully maintained 3 bedroom, 2 bathroom home centrally located in the heart of Rockledge. Home features a beautiful formal living room with a wood-burning fireplace surrounded by a stone wall. The home also has a large separate dining room and a large bonus room with access to the outside screened-in patio. Perfect for growing families because of the massive space to entertain and play! The home sits on a corner lot with a ton of yard space that is partially fenced-in and holds an additional 1-car garage that is perfect for storage.


Manners Or Sensitivity: What's More Important for Cubicle Etiquette?
Sensitivity usually requires some degree of relatability, but having good manners only requires imitation or compliance. Sensitivity is difficult (if not impossible) when it's disingenuous, but good manners do not require empathy.


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Maria ze Szreterów Holder-Eggerowa (ur. 1875 w Krzemieńczuku, zm. 13 maja 1941 w Korytnicy) – polska działaczka społeczna, posłanka na Sejm II RP.

Życiorys

Pochodzenie
Urodziła się na Ukrainie. Jej ojcem był pochodzący z Górnego Śląska leśnik Teodor Szreter, matką natomiast, pochodząca z Małopolski, Ludmiła z Bartkiewiczów. W wieku 17 lat Maria Szreterówna wyszła za mąż za inżyniera leśnego Teodora Holder-Eggera (1852-1929). W czerwcu 1902 wraz z mężem Teodorem stała się właścicielką dóbr ziemskich w Korytnicy w powiecie węgrowskim, nabytych od Tymoteusza Łuniewskiego.

Działalność społeczna
W 1908 po nagłej śmierci jedynej córki Aleksandry zaangażowała się w działalność społeczną i filantropijną. Została przedstawicielką Stowarzyszenia Zjednoczonych Ziemianek. Przed 1914 należała do sekcji opiekuńczej i kulturalno-oświatowej Rady Opiekuńczej powiatu węgrowskiego. Jej staraniem powstało około 20 ochronek w Królestwie Polskim.

W czasie I wojny światowej była prezesem powiatowego komitetu polsko-amerykańskiej pomocy dzieciom i prezesem komitetu Czerwonego Krzyża na powiat węgrowski. Prowadziła sekcję pomocy żołnierzom. Była przewodniczącą związkowego oddziału sokolic, wiceprzewodniczącą komitetu zwalczania handlu kobietami i dziećmi, członkiem komitetu głównego Czerwonego Krzyża i wiceprzewodniczącą Rady Narodowej Kobiet.

Działalność polityczna
W 1922 została wystawiona przez Narodową Organizację Kobiet jako kandydat na posła. Wybrana z okręgu Siedlce do Sejmu I kadencji została członkiem klubu parlamentarnego ChZJN. Jako posłanka brała udział w pracach Komisji Opieki Społecznej, Komisji Oświatowej oraz Komisji Budżetowej. Zabierała głos w sprawie: budżetu Ministerstwa Pracy i Opieki Społecznej, przy projektach ustawy na temat handlu żywym towarem. Była referentką konwencji o zwalczaniu handlu kobietami oraz dziećmi, polepszeniu losu chorych oraz rannych żołnierzy.

W okresie sprawowania mandatu parlamentarzysty rozwijała działalność odczytową poświęconą sprawom społecznym i samorządowym. Wydała w roku 1924 broszurkę Kobieta i samorząd. 5 marca 1928 kandydowała do Senatu z ramienia Związku Ludowo-Narodowego, lecz nie uzyskała mandatu. W tym samym roku została wybrana do Zarządu Głównego Stronnictwa Narodowego.

Po roku 1927 nadal zajmowała się działalnością społeczną. Zaangażowała się w działalność Akcji Katolickiej. Po śmierci męża w roku 1929 przejęła po nim zarząd majątkiem ziemskim w Korytnicy. W latach 30. XX wieku rozparcelowała znaczną część swoich dóbr. Po wybuchu drugiej wojny światowej nadal pozostała w Korytnicy.

Bibliografia
 Henryk Mościcki, Włodzimierz Dzwonkowski (red.), Parlament Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1919–1927, Drukarnia Narodowa w Krakowie, Warszawa 1928.
 Małgorzata Smogorzewska, Posłowie i senatorowie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1919–1939. Słownik biograficzny, tom II: E-J, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2000,
 Arkadiusz Kołodziejczyk: Maria Holder-Eggerowa (1875-1941) : z dziejów obozu narodowego na Podlasiu : Szkice Podlaskie. [Nr 7], (1999), s. 193-205
 Arkadiusz Kołodziejczyk: Maria Holder-Eggerowa (1875-1941) : Zeszyty Korytnickie t. 2, Korytnica 2010, str. 5-18

Linki zewnętrzne
 Maria Holder-Eggerowa: Kobieta a samorząd (1924) w bibliotece Polona

Członkinie Narodowej Organizacji Kobiet
Politycy Stronnictwa Narodowego
Politycy Związku Ludowo-Narodowego
Polscy ziemianie
Posłowie na Sejm I kadencji (1922–1927)
Urodzeni w 1879
Zmarli w 1941
Ludzie urodzeni w Krzemieńczuku

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: What does the number in the upper right of Grimoire cards mean? Grimoire cards have a number next to what looks like an icon of stacked cards in their upper right corner. For me, anyway, this number is usually "0". Anyone know what this is supposed to signify?

A: If I recall correctly, this is the score the cards is worth. Many cards don't have score, because they are not "hard enough to get".
Here, you can see a good overview of the Grimoire Cards, where it also states:
"Grimoire Cards are collectible cards you unlock by reaching certain milestones in the game. Each Grimoire Card has Grimoire Points, which add to your overall Grimoire Score. Each Cards has a description on the back that details a piece of lore in the Destiny Universe. The cards will play a big part in unraveling the mysterious of Destiny as the player progress through the game.
Players can check the Grimoire Cards they have collected and their Grimoire Score on their profiles on Bungie website."
This is Bungie's system of keeping track of the experienced players. The higher the Grimoire Score, the more the player have played the game.

A: That's the score that the card contributes to your Grimoire score (the same stack of cards symbol can be found under your characters emblem bar with a number). Some cards start at 0 and have points you can earn. You'll know you can earn points if when you see the card on the Bungie site it has a little chart looking button. Clicking on that will show you the different things you need to accomplish to earn more points with that card.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I used to be good at this! Now I'm mostly staring at the black mass of notes with a rather puzzled expression on my face. Authentic cadences where? I-IV-V-I which way? My musical abilities are getting rusty! Oh well, I'll just have to work a little harder than before (and I'm not quite used to that…LOL).
It's for one of the few musicological courses left on my curriculum for my BA in musicology which I hope to get next (school) year. I'm considering to take on another major, in Fine Arts so I could at least do some research on glass, but I'll have to find out if that's realistic.
*Lost a E Minor is actually a blog on art & design! If you're in need of inspiration and food for thought, that's the place to be.
So…what do you do when you're stressing out over your impending college exams?
– record purring! Here's Yin and Isaura. There should be relaxation CDs with nothing but cat purring! Although they do sound a bit like heavy engines, come to think of it…hehe.


If you're wondering whether New Zealand is the right place to study for you, we outline some of the main reasons why the international student population in New Zealand has grown rapidly in recent years.
The eight institutions that make up the New Zealand university system are located in cities across the country's two main islands, the North and the South.
The proximity of all eight universities to New Zealand's diverse natural environment offers students the chance to research anything from endangered marine mammals to earthquake engineering.
For example, Auckland and Otago have the country's two medical schools, featuring hospital-based learning, whereas Canterbury and Auckland have an international profile for their engineering courses.
You can read more about the universities in New Zealand in our choosing a university section.
The universities' representative body, the New Zealand Vice-Chancellors' Committee, has legal responsibility for university course approval and moderation procedures.


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What are the Different Types of Tai Chi Postures?
Tai chi postures can help an individual to build balance and agility.
Classic Tai Chi involves 13 poses.
Written By: Katriena Knights
Edited By: A. Joseph
Tai chi, also known as tai chi chuan, originally was a form of martial arts, though it developed into a system that focuses more on relaxed, slow movements, meditation, correct postures and movement of energy through the body than on attack or defense. Classic tai chi involves 13 basic tai chi postures, practiced in different sequences called tai chi forms. These 13 tai chi postures are also known as the 13 powers, 13 entrances or 13 energies. Although tai chi postures are fairly simple, mastering them, as well as mastering the various forms, can be a challenging, long-term pursuit.
Many tai chi traditions divide the 13 main tai chi postures into eight gates or entrances and five steps. The eight gates consist of four primary hands and four corner hands. Press, push, ward off and pull back comprise the four primary hands. Elbow, shoulder, pull down and split are the four corner hands. Concentrating more on movements of the lower body, the five steps consist of advancing and retreating steps, steps to the left and right and achieving balance in the center.
To learn tai chi basics, students work with a tai chi instructor who will teach the basic tai chi postures and the different ways they are combined into forms. Beginning students typically the original form consisting of 13 postures. Another commonly practiced form of tai chi is the Yang Long Form, which consists of 108 postures and can take as long as 20 minutes to perform fully. A shorter and less repetitious version of the Long Form involves 37 postures. As time has passed and the discipline has developed, tai chi postures have evolved to concentrate on movement of energy in the body, but these forms still contain elements of tai chi's origins as a martial art.
Although it originated in China, the benefits of tai chi have led it to become progressively more and more popular in the West. Many westerners have discovered the connections between tai chi and health, leading them to pursue this ancient art more for its fitness and relaxation benefits than for its spiritual and meditative elements. Tai chi fitness has become a common pursuit, almost as popular as fitness-oriented yoga. Other tai chi benefits include improved balance and flexibility, which are major attractions for older practitioners who find it easier to perform than other, more strenuous types of martial arts.
What Is Tai Chi Chih?
How Do I Become a Tai Chi Instructor?
What Are the Different Types of Meditative Postures?
What are the Different Types of Tai Chi Steps?
What is Long Form Tai Chi?
What is Tai Chi Chuan?
What are Beginning Tai Chi Moves?


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Prosecutors say Bill Cosby is the real 'con man' in closing of criminal trial
Posted 6:55 pm, April 24, 2018, by CNN Wire
Bill Cosby's defense attorneys have spent his trial aggressively attacking the woman who says he drugged and assaulted her. They called Andrea Constand a "con artist" and a liar who made up the story to swindle his money.
But in closing arguments, prosecutors flipped that script and said Cosby was the true con man in this story. He used his iconic, transcendent TV persona, prosecutors said, to trick women into taking pills that he knew would make them unable to resist his sexual advances.
"He is nothing like the image that he plays on TV," prosecutor Kristen Feden said in court on Tuesday. "In fact, he utilized that image and cloaked himself so that he was able to gain the trust, gain the confidence of these young women so he could strip them of their ability to say no, administering an intoxicant the same way he administered an intoxicant to Andrea Constand."
"She is not the con," Feden added. "He is."
The defense and prosecutors presented their closing arguments on Tuesday after two weeks of testimony in the Montgomery County courthouse for Cosby's trial on three counts of aggravated indecent assault. The case centers on Constand's allegation that Cosby drugged her and sexually assaulted her in January 2004 at his home outside Philadelphia.
Five other women, including reality TV star Janice Dickinson, have also testified that Cosby drugged and assaulted them in the past, as prosecutors argued the alleged assault on Constand was part of Cosby's pattern.
Cosby's fate will soon be in the hands of the jury. This is the second trial for Cosby on these three charges of aggravated indecent assault, nearly a year after the first trial ended in a hung jury and a mistrial.
Defense attacks Cosby's many accusers
Defense attorneys Kathleen Bliss and Tom Mesereau combined to deliver closing statements, harshly slamming the many women who have accused Cosby of misconduct. They called Constand a "pathological liar," "con artist" and "not a good girl."
Bliss went one-by-one through each of the five other women who testified and dismissed them as obsessed with being on TV and being famous.
"What is this case about?" Bliss asked the jury. "It's about money. And press conferences."
Along the way, Bliss defended the idea of criminal defense itself.
"Questioning an accuser is not shaming a victim," Bliss said. "Gut feelings are not rational decisions. Mob rule is not due process. And just as we have had horrible crimes in our history, we've also had horrible, horrible periods of time where emotion and hatred and fear overwhelmed us. Witch hunts, lynchings, McCarthyism."
Mesereau, who is most famous for his defense of Michael Jackson a decade ago, said he was "very proud" to be in court for Cosby.
"I'm very proud to stand up against rumor, gossip and shallow nonsense," Mesereau said. "In a typical case like this where the accuser lies about something significant, something major, it's over. … They are not inconsistencies, they are lies."
Prosecutors say Cosby executed a con
Feden, speaking for the prosecution, said the defense strategy of attacking the women was shameful.
"That character assassination that Ms. Bliss put those women through was shameful, was utterly shameful," she said. "She is the exact reason why women, and men (who are victims) of sexual assault don't report these crimes."
Constand testified in criminal court last week not for money or fame or attention, but for justice, Feden said.
"She had everything to lose, but do you know what she gained? Respect. She took the stand, she faced that man and she told all of you the truth," Feden said.
Throughout the closing arguments, Feden returned repeatedly to argue that Cosby drugged and then sexually assaulted Constand and five other women who testified in court.
"That was the execution of his signature plan, that previously practiced con that had worked so perfectly on women in the past," she said. "That perfect plan that started with trust. That perfect plan that was executed with betrayal. That perfect plan or con that involved no permission. That perfect plan that was going to get him to wherever he was going to wind up."
The closing arguments ended late Tuesday afternoon, and jury deliberations are expected to begin Wednesday when court resumes.
Filed in: Arts and Entertainment
Topics: Arts and Entertainment, Bill Cosby, Crime and Justice
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Ex-NFL player from Chesterfield convicted in retrial for $10 million fraud scheme


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EUROPEAN PREVIEW - EASTER WEEKEND
Round 2 of the PGE Ekstraliga sees the four matches split over two days, with all three British riders in action on Easter Saturday.
Robert Lambert is first to race this weekend with Torun, who host newcomers Ostrow, whilst Tai Woffinden and Dan Bewley are on the road to Grudziadz for the evening fixture.
Remarkably that can be billed as a top-of-the-table clash after Wroclaw's 59-31 win over Torun last week was almost matched by Grudziadz, who triumphed 55-35 at Ostrow.
Grudziadz have never opened an Ekstraliga season with two wins in a row – but they did triumph 45-44 in the reverse fixture last season, a result which proved crucial to their survival, when Woffinden crashed out in his first ride.
Both sides continue to use rider-replacement for their suspended Russians, Vadim Tarasenko and Artem Laguta respectively, and Woffinden and Bewley are in action in Heat 1 when they face Przemyslaw Pawlicki who impressed last week
Clashes between Woffinden and Nicki Pedersen are always eagerly anticipated, and the duo are scheduled to meet in Heats 8 and 13.
At Torun, the home side will be confident of securing their first league points of the season – a meeting which features a return to his old home track for Chris Holder.
The former World Champion rode for Torun in 2008-21 but switched to Ostrow over the winter, and the visitors will need a big score from him. They also bring in Nicolai Klindt, surprisingly overlooked in the first round, to replace the injured Oliver Berntzon.
Lambert is named at No.5 for Torun, and his first appearance is a clash with Holder and Tomasz Gapinski in Heat 3.
Sunday's fixtures begin with Leszno, who made an encouraging start at Czestochowa last week, taking on Gorzow who were very much a bogey side last season.
Bartosz Zmarzlik's side defeated the Bulls in all four of their meetings in 2021, including in the opening round when they won 48-42 at Leszno, and then latterly in the third-place contest.
Elsewhere, Lublin bid to build on their dramatic win at Gorzow when they host Czestochowa on Sunday evening, and they enter the meeting on a 10-match unbeaten run at home – with Czestochowa being the last away team to triumph with a 51-39 victory back in August 2020.
In Division One the big story of the week has been the departure of manager Adam Skornicki from Lodz, with the former racer now taking over at Division Two side Rawicz – although the two sides do have a co-operation in terms of youth training.
Lodz will now be led by Michal Widera and Piotr Swiderski, with the latter having made the reverse switch from Rawicz.
They travel to Gniezno on Sunday for their opening fixture of the season, whilst Landshut travel to Rybnik on Saturday with concerns over the fitness of Martin Smolinski, who had to pull out of their opener. The other Sunday fixture features Bydgoszcz v Gdansk.
In Division Two, Adam Ellis lines up for Daugavpils alongside fellow UK regular Nick Morris as they host Tarnow on Sunday, whilst on Saturday Rawicz face Rseszow, and on Monday Poznan are at home to newcomers Pila.