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Eczema and subsequent suicide: a matched case–control study
Aaron Mark Drucker1,2,3,
Deva Thiruchelvam4,
Donald A Redelmeier4,5,6,7
1 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3 Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
4 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5 Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
6 Evaluative Clinical Science Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
7 Center for Leading Injury Prevention Practice Education & Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Correspondence to Dr Aaron Mark Drucker; aaron.drucker{at}wchospital.ca
Objective To assess the association of eczema with a patient's subsequent risk of death from suicide. We hypothesised that persistent eczema would be associated with an increased risk for death from suicide.
Design Double matched case–control study.
Setting General population of Ontario, Canada.
Participants Patients 15–55 years old. We identified cases of suicide from coroners' reports between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2014 and matched 1:2 with alive controls based on age, sex and socioeconomic status.
Exposure The primary predictor was a history of persistent eczema, defined as five or more physician visits for the diagnosis over the preceding 5 years.
Main outcome and measure Logistic regression to estimate the association between eczema and death from suicide.
Results We identified 18 441 cases of suicide matched to 36 882 controls over the 21-year accrual period. Persistent eczema occurred in 174 (0.94%) suicide cases and 285 (0.77%) controls yielding a 22% increased risk of suicide associated with persistent eczema (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.48, p=0.037). In mediation analyses, this association was largely explained through major suicide risk factors. Two-thirds of patients with eczema who died from suicide had visited a physician in the month before their death and one in eight had visited for eczema in the month before their death. Among patients who died by suicide, jumping and poisoning were relatively more frequent mechanisms among patients with eczema.
Conclusions Patients with persistent eczema have a modestly increased subsequent risk of death from suicide, but this is not independent of overall mental health and the absolute risk is low. Physicians caring for these patients have opportunities to intervene for suicide prevention.
dermatological epidemiology
We conducted a large case–control study adequately powered to detect an association between eczema and suicide.
Universal insurance coverage for physician visits provide comprehensive data on physician visits preceding death from suicide.
We conducted several sensitivity analyses and tracer analyses with negative controls to test the robustness of results.
Our case definition of persistent eczema has not been validated so misclassification is a possibility.
Eczema is a common skin disease associated with decreased quality of life comparable to many other chronic medical conditions.1 2 Eczema affects approximately 1 in 9 children and 1 in 14 adults, most of whom have mild disease.2–4 For patients with severe persistent eczema, however, the disease can be debilitating with severe itch, social embarrassment and impaired quality of life.5 Patients with eczema can also experience financial hardships due to direct medical costs, missed days from employment and decreased work productivity.5 6 Sleep loss related to itch can be especially debilitating2 7 and nearly half of US adults who have eczema with fatigue rate their health as poor or fair.2
Past research has linked eczema to mental illness. In a claims-based study from Taiwan, patients had a sevenfold increased risk of a major depressive disorder and fourfold increased risk of an anxiety disorder.8 In two American cross-sectional studies, eczema was associated with twice the risk of depression compared with the general population.9 One study from Denmark found no significant association between eczema and subsequent suicide.10 Whereas a prior study found a suicide risk twice the population norm for patients with eczema.11 The risk of suicide associated with eczema has not been assessed in North America; moreover, most studies have excluded youth despite eczema being distinctly common and suicide being a leading cause of death in this age group.2 4 12
The objective of this case–control study was to assess the association of eczema with a patient's subsequent risk of death from suicide. A secondary aim was to assess the recency of physician visits prior to suicide among patients with eczema. A randomised controlled trial was deemed impossible because patients cannot be assigned a diagnosis of eczema; therefore, we conducted a large-scale multiyear observational analysis of longitudinal individual patient data. We hypothesised that persistent eczema would increase a patient's risk of death from suicide and that many deaths would be preceded by a recent physician visit. If true, this would suggest that preventive efforts targeting vulnerable patients might save lives.
There was no patient or public involvement in this study.
Selection of patients
We conducted a double matched case–control study of patients between the age of 15 and 55 years in Ontario. We included individuals 15 and older as eczema is a common diagnosis and suicide is a common cause of death in youth.2 4 12 We excluded adults older than 55 to avoid misclassification of age-associated xerosis with itch as eczema. Cases of suicide were identified from the Ontario Vital Statistics Database from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2014, representing all available data. We defined suicide using International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes (ICD-9 E950–E959, E980–E987; ICD-10×60–X84, Y10–Y32, Y34).13–15 Inter-rater agreement from coroners on suicide diagnosis was high and showed 97% concordance with the vital statistics database.16 17 We also extracted data on the mechanism of suicide in five categories as asphyxiation, jumping, poisoning, violence and miscellaneous.
Controls were selected from the general population in Ontario using the Registered Persons Database that identified all patients insured under the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP).18 For each case of suicide, we selected two control patients from the general population matched on age (within 2 days), socioeconomic status (SES) quintile and sex using simple random selection when excess matches were available. All cases and controls were alive and eligible for OHIP coverage on the index date and 1 year prior. SES at the index date was estimated from the Statistics Canada algorithm based on neighbourhood income19 20 and patients with missing SES were matched to controls who were also missing SES. As a result, we obtained exact triplets of one case matched to two controls with no missing matches. These datasets were linked using unique encoded identifiers and analysed at Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences.
Primary predictor
We used a 5-year look-back interval to assess each patient through a consistent ascertainment interval for cases and controls. The matching date in each triplet of patients was defined as the date of suicide death of the case. Prior medical care for each patient was evaluated based on physician diagnoses documented as ICD-9 diagnostic codes.13 In Ontario, physicians document each encounter with a single ICD-9 code. Eczema was defined using diagnosis code 691.13 In another population, ICD-9 codes for atopic dermatitis, a specific subtype of eczema, had a positive predictive value of 50% based on a requirement for two or more ICD-9 codes to identify cases of probable atopic dermatitis.21 To increase the specificity and to define persistent eczema, we required five or more physician visits for the diagnosis, each separated by at least 1 week over the 5-year look-back interval. Given the uncertain validity of that definition, we refer to our predictor as 'eczema' rather than the more specific 'atopic dermatitis' throughout the manuscript.
Additional patient characteristics
Specific additional medical diagnoses (asthma, hay fever or rhinitis, alcoholism, drug dependence, tobacco abuse, sleep and other disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, psychoses, personality disorders, malignancy, benign skin tumours, psoriasis) were identified during the 5-year look-back interval using ICD-9 codes in the OHIP database. Measures of overall healthcare resource utilisation were obtained from the OHIP database, the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System and the Discharge Abstract Database (counts of clinic visits, emergency room visits, hospitalisations in the prior year). We collected data on patients' most recent healthcare visit, the specialty of the physician and the associated diagnosis. We also collected data on the timing of suicide (proximity to the most recent visit with a dermatologist or psychiatrist and recency of a visit for eczema).
We used logistic regression to calculate ORs with 95% CIs for the association of persistent eczema with the risk of subsequent death from suicide. We examined the robustness of findings by additionally calculating associations using conditional logistic regression to fully account for matching. To assess for potential mediation, we conducted stratified analyses by major suicide risk factors (depression, psychoses, personality disorders, sleep and other disorders, drug dependence and alcoholism) within triads of cases and controls. Further, we used logistic regression with suicide as the outcome and major suicide risk factors as covariates to derive an overall suicide predilection score. We then conducted logistic regression stratified by low (at or below the median) or high (above the median) overall suicide predilection score. To assess for potential mediation or confounding by a major atopic comorbidity, we conducted analyses further stratified by history of asthma.
We plotted Kaplan-Meier curves for patients who died from suicide with and without persistent eczema to assess the time interval between the most recent physician visit and ultimate suicide. We compared the two curves using the logrank test. To assess potential differences in the mechanism of suicide between patients with and without persistent eczema, we calculated descriptive ORs with 95% CIs for the different categories of suicide with no prespecified hypotheses.
We conducted several sensitivity analyses as tests of robustness. We replicated separate analyses to check results using alternative definitions of eczema: (1) spanning between 1 and 10 claims associated with the diagnosis; (2) requiring a comorbid atopic condition (asthma or rhinitis) and (3) excluding patients who had a history of stasis ulcers, varicose veins, lymphoedema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis. These latter two analyses were based on the rationale that comorbid asthma and rhinitis can improve the positive predictive value of ICD codes for atopic dermatitis21 and because excluding commonly confused conditions can also decrease false positive cases.
As a test for residual confounding, we conducted tracer analyses with two additional control predictors: benign skin tumours and psoriasis (another chronic skin disease with effective treatment options). We anticipated benign skin tumours and psoriasis might not be associated with an increased risk for suicide and thereby validate the distinctive association with eczema.
We identified 18 441 cases of suicide matched to 36 882 alive controls over the 21-year accrual period. The median patient age was 38 years, 74% were male and the average SES was below the population median. Mental health disorders were more common among patients who had died from suicide than among controls, as were malignant neoplasms and asthma (table 1). Patients who died from suicide had more clinic visits, emergency department visits and inpatient admissions in the year prior to the index date than controls.
A history of persistent eczema occurred in 174 (0.94%) suicide cases and 285 (0.77%) controls. In univariate analysis, persistent eczema was associated with a 22% increased risk of suicide. Results were identical for ordinary and conditional logistic regression (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.48, p=0.037). The net increase was equal to 31 excess cases of suicide associated with eczema (more than one patient per year).
Stratified analyses showed the association of eczema with suicide was accentuated among older men with a history of addiction (figure 1). There was no significant differential association of eczema with suicide between strata of patients with and without asthma, malignancy or other individual suicide risk factors such as depression.
Relative risk of suicide associated with persistent eczema. Forest plot showing relative increase in risk of suicide among patients with persistent eczema compared with patients without persistent eczema. The x-axis shows OR on a logarithmic scale where values more than 1.0 denote increased risk. The y-axis shows specific subgroups of patients with the overall cohort positioned lowest. Squares indicate point estimates and horizontal lines 95% CIs. Main findings are an increase in risk associated with eczema with accentuation of risk among older men, those with mid-to-high socioeconomic status (SES) and a history of addiction.
Patients with eczema had significantly higher suicide predilection scores compared with patients without eczema (median 0.32 vs 0.15, p<0.0001; online supplementary figure 1). Comparisons based on mean scores showed similar imbalance (0.42 vs 0.33, p<0.0001). The highest decile of suicide predilection score was nearly twice as common among patients with eczema as controls (17% vs 10%, p<0.0001). Stratified analysis by high or low predilection scores showed no significant further association of eczema with suicide between patients with high predilection scores (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.22, p=0.81) and low predilection scores (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.03, p=0.06), suggesting that eczema was not an independent contributor to suicide risk beyond its influence on mental health risk overall.
[bmjopen-2018-023776-SP1.pdf]
Nearly all patients with persistent eczema who died from suicide had visited a physician in the year prior to their death, 67% within a month and 37% within a week. Among patients who died from suicide, those diagnosed with persistent eczema visited a physician more recently than patients without persistent eczema (p<0.0001, figure 2). For both patients with and without persistent eczema who died from suicide, the most recent physician visit was most frequently with a family physician (table 2). Among patients with persistent eczema, 1 in 25 had visited a dermatologist last. For 1 in 16 patients with persistent eczema who died from suicide, their last visit was for eczema. We found no meaningful differences in season or in day of the week of death distinguishing patients who did and did not have persistent eczema (table 3).
Time from the most recent physician visit to suicide. Kaplan-Meier curve shows the time between the last physician visit and subsequent death from suicide (n=18 441). The x-axis shows the time in years lapsed between the most recent physician visit and the date of death. The y-axis shows the per cent of patients dead from suicide. The red line represents patients with persistent eczema. The blue line represents patients without persistent eczema. Statistical significance was based on the logrank test. Main findings show that patients with persistent eczema were more likely to see a physician in close proximity to their death.
Description of the most recent physician visit among patients who died from suicide
Timing and mechanism of death from suicide among patients with and without a history of persistent eczema
Analyses of suicide cases showed diverse mechanisms, of which about 8% were unclassified due to uncertain, multifactorial or missing details. Asphyxiation was the most common single cause of suicide and was less frequent among individuals who had persistent eczema than controls (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78, p=0.0008). In contrast, jumping from a vertical height had the largest relative increased risk among patients who had persistent eczema (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.89, p=0.0047). Poisoning was the second largest relative increased risk among patients who had persistent eczema (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.91, p=0.03). Violent forms of suicide were infrequent and generally balanced between the two groups (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.54, p=0.83).
In sensitivity analyses requiring fewer than five visits for eczema to define the predictor, the association with suicide was somewhat attenuated (online supplementary figure 2). When 10 or more visits for eczema were required, the CIs widened substantially and the association was ambiguous. When a diagnosis of asthma or rhinitis was required to identify cases of eczema, the estimated association for the risk of suicide was similar to the primary analysis but not statistically significant (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.69, p=0.12). When patients who had a diagnosis of stasis ulcers, varicose veins, lymphoedema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis were excluded, the results were similar to the primary analysis (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.61, p=0.06), although not statistically significant. Benign skin tumours were associated with no increase in suicide risk (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.97, p=0.008). Psoriasis was associated with an equivocal increase in suicide risk (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.31, p=0.06).
In this large longitudinal case–control study, persistent eczema was associated with a modestly increased risk of subsequent death from suicide. The absolute risk was low. The association was fully explained by mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and substance misuse, suggesting that eczema was not an independent contributor to suicide risk beyond its influence on mental health risk overall. The patient group at highest risk was older men with a history of addiction. Asphyxiation was the most common mechanism of suicide death overall, but poisoning and jumping were differentially increased for patients with persistent eczema. Patients with eczema who died from suicide usually had visited a physician in the month before death.
Our study is in agreement with other literature on the association of eczema with adverse mental health. A Norwegian study found that young adults with eczema and itchy skin had a 24% prevalence of suicidal ideation in the preceding week.7 Only two studies have examined the risk of death from suicide associated with eczema, with mixed results. One conducted using administrative data for adults in Denmark found that patients with eczema had a 71% increased risk of suicide attempts and double the risk of death from suicide, (a more prominent association than in our study).11 Similar to our findings, older adults with eczema had a further accentuated risk. It is unclear why the association might be increased in older populations and one possible explanation could be the cumulative stress of living with a chronic condition for decades. The only other past study, also from Denmark, found no statistically significant association between eczema and suicide.10
Our study contains novel findings concerning physician visits by patients with atopic dermatitis prior to suicide. Nearly two in five patients with eczema who died from suicide contacted a physician in the week before their death. The most recent physician visit was most commonly with a general practitioner and often for reasons related to mental health. In a small number of patients, the most recent physician contact was for their eczema. While dermatologists tend to under-recognise depression and anxiety in their patients, all clinicians should recognise psychological distress.22 Patients with eczema who present with signs of significant mental health distress could be assessed for suicide risk. In particular, standardised tools have been suggested for assessing suicide risk in dermatology clinics, but have not been formally evaluated in that setting.23 24
Asphyxiation is a frequent mechanism of suicide yet was relatively uncommon among patients with persistent eczema. Instead, patients with eczema were comparatively more prone to die by jumping from tall heights or self-poisoning. The significance of these patterns is unclear. One possibility is that patients with eczema have high rates of medical and psychiatric comorbidity relative to the general population and are more likely to have access to prescription drugs with the potential to cause death. Another interpretation is that asphyxiation is a more prolonged and painful means of suicide so that patients with eczema who live in discomfort from their condition choose rapid or less painful means of dying. A greater understanding is needed for future research.
The generalisability of our study is limited to a single large region in a high-income country with universal healthcare access. Specifically, comprehensive medical care in our patients may have substantially mitigated some of the suicide risk associated with eczema. In addition, we lacked data on eczema severity, social isolation, other life stresses or risk factors for suicide completion such as suicidal ideation.25 We also lack data on treatments used for eczema, which can be used to stratify eczema cases based on severity and which may be important given the psychiatric effects of systemic corticosteroids.10 26 Our primary outcome examined an extreme indicator of mental suffering and the overall observed effect size was more modest than previously reported for other medical illnesses.27 While only a small minority of patients with eczema die by suicide, many more suffer from non-lethal forms of depression and other mental disorders.8–10 28
The most important limitation of our study relates to our definition of persistent eczema. A past report suggested that two or more ICD-9 codes for atopic dermatitis have a 50% positive predictive value for probable atopic dermatitis.21 The true positive predictive value may be higher than reported in that study, as it used stringent clinical diagnostic criteria unsuitable in a retrospective study. Nevertheless, misclassification of persistent eczema cases is a strong possibility and may have impacted our results in a number of ways. Random misclassification may cause underestimates of the magnitude of associations.29 Misclassification of less severe skin diseases such as contact dermatitis could also bias our findings towards the null. However, misclassification of more severe skin diseases such as an exfoliative dermatitis may bias our results towards an increased risk for suicide. It is unclear whether our requirement of five occurrences of code 691 increases or decreases the accuracy of our case definition for identifying cases of atopic dermatitis and exactly what impact this had on the results.
To provide some additional nuances for our case definition, we calculated the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis among patients in our study and found each of these atopic comorbidities was more than twice as common among those with persistent eczema compared with those without (online supplementary table 1). It is possible that the associations observed between our primary predictor and these well-known atopic comorbidities are partially confounded by differential healthcare system access. However, the strong associations seen support the notion that our predictor definition represents, to some extent, persistent atopic dermatitis. Our sensitivity analyses requiring comorbid asthma or rhinitis to define eczema and excluding patients with psoriasis and other skin diseases yielded decreased sample sizes and showed results that were no longer significant. We are reassured that the estimates were largely unchanged and are cautious not to overinterpret statistical significance in post hoc secondary analyses. Nevertheless, due to the uncertain validity of our primary predictor, we use the non-specific term 'eczema' throughout the manuscript.
Strengths of our study include the large sample of suicide deaths, the known validity of suicide outcomes and our double-matched case–control design. As Ontario has a universal health insurance programme, we were able to comprehensively identify all physician visits prior to death. Of course, patients who had persistent eczema but who did not engage with the healthcare system may have been missed. In summary, patients with persistent eczema have a modestly increased subsequent risk of death from suicide. Physicians may have opportunities to intervene for suicide prevention in this vulnerable patient population.
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Contributors AMD and DAR designed and obtained funding for the study. DT performed data analysis. AMD drafted the manuscript and all authors contributed to critical revision of the manuscript. DAR accepts full responsibility for the work, the conduct of the study, had access to the data, and the decision to publish. AMD attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Funding This study was supported in part by research grants from the National Eczema Association and Eczema Society of Canada. DAR receives funding from the Government of Canada through a Canada Research Chair in Medical Decision Sciences. This study was supported by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). No endorsement by ICES or the Ontario MOHLTC is intended or should be inferred.
Disclaimer The funders had no role in the design, conduct or decision to publish this study. The opinions, results and conclusions reported in this paper are those of the authors and are independent from the funding sources.
Competing interests AMD served as an investigator and has received research funding from Sanofi and Regeneron and has been a consultant for Sanofi, RTI Health Solutions, Eczema Society of Canada and the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. He has received honoraria from Astellas Canada, Prime, Spire Learning, CME Outfitters and Eczema Society of Canada.
Patient consent Not required.
Ethics approval The study was approved by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) and the Women's College Hospital Research Ethics Board deemed the work exempt from supplementary ethics review.
Data sharing statement There is no plan to share raw data from this study.
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.


Thank you for coming to Maker Faire! And thank you for the awesome show. I wasn't able to get very close, but my dad held me on his shoulders so I could see. I think if I was any closer, I would have gotten wet from the soda, so I guess it's for the best.


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Q: Any ideas for mathematical expressions with conditional probability? While I was doing some programmings for data analysis, I was curious about how to express in mathematical notation.
Here's an example being similar to my case.
I have three different groups with 5 elements.
A-group: (1,1,3,5,5) / B-group: (1,2,3,4,5) / C-group: (1,1,1,1,5)
And I have a fiducial value(f) that can be used to compare all elements in each group.
Let it suppose to be 2.5 (That is, f = 2.5)
Now I can define the probability that being less than this fiducial value f, for each group.
A-group: 40% / B-group: 40% / C-group: 80%
Finally, I want to express these probabilities by a single general mathematical notation or symbol, which is covering all groups (A,B,C).
I guess I need to use the notion of conditional probability, but I have no idea how to write correctly.
Thanks in advance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Ricco/Maresca
Gallery | Vernacular Loft
Marcos Bontempo: Dancing in the Void
16 May - 15 June 2013
RICCO/MARESCA GALLERY is pleased to present Marcos Bontempo: Dancing in the Void. This show marks the first time the gallery has brought the intricate and enigmatic works of the artist together in a solo exhibition. Born in Argentina in 1969, Bontempo moved with his family to Spain at the age of 6. He currently resides in Ronda, a culturally edifying city known for its stunning views and rich history. Bontempo, often viewed as complex and elusive, spends his days walking his dog through the town pocketing inspiration from the creative energy and natural beauty of the world that surrounds him.
In addition to his kinship with nature, Bontempo's ingenuity can also be traced to his intermittent battles with schizophrenic episodes. Unencumbered by the outside world, the artist finds clarity in his work. Driven by both his environment and personal demons, Bontempo sits alone in his studio every day painting his own emotionally charged world filled with mental dissonance, adversity, and subtle glimpses of the hope aroused by the healing power of creation.
The exhibition brings together a powerful selection of paintings from Bontempo's highly personalized and unique body of work. Bold in color and marked by ardent brushwork, the pieces portray a multifarious array of distorted bodies, floating in the pictorial plane while engaged in a disconcerting yet mystifying dance. His figures- some human, others more animalistic- emanate a personified amalgamation of cognitive agitation and freedom through physical malformation and cathartic expression. To create these lively and emphatic paintings, Bontempo uses ink or acrylic paint in combination with salt or iron. His dark palette of deep reds, blue, gold, and black embodied in fervent gestural abstraction are seemingly indicative of a primacy, misplaced and overthrown, and serve as a gentle reminder that both pain and normality are relative to one's own experience.
Marcos Bontempo's gentle and honest deportment is memorable on both a personal and professional level and he remains a welcome addition the gallery. His work is in several private collections in both the United States and Europe.
Marcos Bontempo: Dancing in the Void will be on view at Ricco/Maresca May 16- June 15, 2013.
© RICCO/MARESCA GALLERY 2021
529 West 20th Street, 3rd Floor. New York, NY 10011
riccomaresca.com 212-627-4819 info@riccomaresca.com
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Events Red Dot August: 1023
Red Dot August: 1023
1023 (read: Ten Twenty-Three) is an a cappella group made up of six avid singers (and part-time music geeks). The sextet is intrigued by music of all languages and genres, and enjoys experimenting with both traditional and contemporary music elements.
1023's members are born-and-bred Singaporeans who often draw inspiration from the songs they grew up with—be it the loud pop anthems blaring from heartland stores, tunes grandma used to hum, or community songs they sang during school assemblies.
To date, 1023 has reinterpreted familiar folk songs, iconic dialect numbers, as well as radio-friendly pop hits. The group most recently released a video with their take on Singapore Tamil songs, Munnaeru Vaalibaa and Singai Naadu, which features the beautiful Singapore cityscape and its iconic neighbourhoods. This medley also showcases konnakkol, the carnatic performance art of spoken percussion.
Time: 7pm & 8.15pm
Complete Missions To Stand A Chance To Win Adorable Eeevee Pluxshies


text:
©P. Stalder CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Christchurch City Council
Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region. The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula. It is home to 404,500 residents, making it New Zealand's third-most populous city behind Auckland and Wellington. The Avon River flows through the centre of the city, with an urban park located along its banks.
Archaeological evidence has indicated that the Christchurch area was first settled by humans in about 1250. Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856, making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand. The Canterbury Association, which settled the Canterbury Plains, named the city after Christ Church, Oxford. The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area, except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south.
Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch's economy. The early presence of the University of Canterburyand the heritage of the city's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries. Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities' for Antarctic exploration, hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations.
The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and early 2012, with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday, 22 February 2011, in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage. By late 2013, 1,500 buildings in the city had been demolished, leading to an ongoing recovery and rebuilding project.
Christchurch City Council is a member of Energy Cities since 2006
414 000 Inhabitants
www.ccc.govt.nz
City-Wide Renewable Energy Utilisation System
Christchurch (NZ) Keywords Renewable Energy, Biogas, Biomass Main photos (see pdf file) Objectives of the action Between 2006 and 2010, Christchurch has developed and implemented a comprehensive […]
Energy efficiency & Buildings Renewables
Renewable Energy Civic Building
Keywords Trigeneration, Renewable Energy, Biogas Main photos (see pdf file) Objectives of the action The project objective was to create an exemplary net zero carbon public building […]


Hewlett-Packard has joined the list of high-profile corporate hacking victims.
The Hacker News, an online news site has reported that Pakistani hacker HexCoder claims to have penetrated an HP FTP server and accessed about 9 GB of data.
THN posted several screen shots of the data HexCoder claims to have accessed from the HP system.
It's unclear from the screen shots whether any personal or financial data was compromised in the alleged attack.
In an email to Computeworld, THN editor Mohit Kumar said the screenshots made available to THN show that the hacker has permissions to 777 files on the compromised system. "That means he [may have] root access, almost in FTP," Kumar said.
In some cases, such as the attacks on RSA, Lockheed and Oakridge, the motive appears to be espionage and IP theft. But most of the other recent attacks appear aimed at embarrassing organisations.
In some cases, the attacks have followed recent news events.
The attacks on the IMF for instance, came just weeks after ex-IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn was arrested on sexual abuse charges. The HP attacks come just days after the company announced sweeping changes at executive level.
What has been especially discomfiting for many of the victims is the fact that the breaks-in often have resulted from embarrassingly low-tech methods that showed fundamental security lapses.


text:
Q: How to know if you are writing 'good' javascript- lots of ways to do same thing? I have only really looked at python before where there is one way to do anything, javascript is really hard to get an order of how to do things for me.
For example, in the elequentjavascript teaching series, one of the module tests was to output the average ages of each century from an 'ancestry' object. My answer was vastly different from the websites, is it just experience which shows you the correct way?
Website solution:
function average(array) {
  function plus(a, b) { return a + b; }
  return array.reduce(plus) / array.length;
}

function groupBy(array, groupOf) {
  var groups = {};
  array.forEach(function(element) {
    var groupName = groupOf(element);
    if (groupName in groups)
      groups[groupName].push(element);
    else
      groups[groupName] = [element];
  });
  return groups;
}

var byCentury = groupBy(ancestry, function(person) {
  return Math.ceil(person.died / 100);
});

for (var century in byCentury) {
  var ages = byCentury[century].map(function(person) {
    return person.died - person.born;
  });
  console.log(century + ": " + average(ages));
}

My attempt:
function displayCenturyAges(array, centuryStart, centuryEnd) {
    var ages = 0;
    var tempObject = {};
    for (var i = centuryStart; i <= centuryEnd; i += 100) {
        tempObject[i] = array.filter(function (people) {
            return (people.died - i) < 100 && (people.died - i) > 0;
        }).map(function (people) {
            return people.died - people.born;
        });
    }
    for (var key in tempObject) {
        ages = 0;
        if (tempObject.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
            tempObject[key].forEach(function (elements) {
                ages += elements;
            });
            console.log(key + " average age: " + ages / tempObject[key].length);
        }
    }
}

A: I would say "good" Javascript is a combination of clarity and optimization, which is dependent on the type of project you are working on. If you are writing code for an enterprise company, then the code should have optimization as its primary concern, which may sacrifice clarity, but good documentation should take care of that. If you are working with a group of friends on a fun project, then I would say not to worry too much about optimization, but make sure your code is clearly understandable so that other people know what is going on. I hope this helps!

A: In the world of Software, never exist a "correct way to do" something, exist many ways to solve a problem, it depends of each person, and every one that works, can be applied to a correct answer.
When we talk about which one works better, we entered on another face to the software.
I called: "quality of software development proccess" and "Software engineer", those subjects talk about a better way to developt a software.
It depends on your target it have many ways to make your code and software better, some examples:
Clearity:

*

*Software standards (you can make your own standard)

*Design patterns (Singletone, Factory, EAV, Observe, etc...)

*Models (MVC model, HMVC, view oriented).

Optimization:

*

*Algoritms and data structures

*RUn time Optimization

*User interface designs

*DB Query optimization

Quality:

*

*Implements process models

*Test cases

So exist one correct way?, no, exist many ways to solve it, Which is better? deppends on your approach, which is correct? every one that works and fit to your espectations.


Price Is For This Nice, Old, Solid Brass, Pull Handle. It Has Appx. 5 11/16" Overall Length x 1 1/16" Widest End Base Width. 1 Pull Available. Pull Has Nice Mellow Brass Tone; [more of a lighter, dull/matted tone, than seen in photo]. Has Some Common Old, Small Dings, etc. Mounts By 2 Screws Into Front. Purchaser Pays Shipping.


text:
Vend Retail POS reviews
About Vend
Like many modern ePOS systems, Vend made its debut in 2010 and has continued to grow since that time. Vend is entirely cloud-based, so there is no local infrastructure to worry about beyond your iPad and receipt printer. Vend has managed to create a ePOS system that is incredibly user-friendly and intuitive on the front-end while adding just about all of the features you would expect from a well-rounded ePOS system into the back-end.
Vend Retail ePOS something for you?
Vend, unlike many other ePOS systems, offers a variety of monthly subscriptions. These include Vend Lite, Pro, and Multi-Outlet. The Lite plan is mainly targeted towards small businesses and provides support for a single register and a $20,000 per month turnover limit. You can also add additional registers to your subscription for an additional fee. Pro has the same features and limitations as Lite but also offers other benefits such as the option to have a loyalty program, eCommerce, API access, advanced reporting, and gift cards. Lastly, the Multi-Outlet plan offers six or more outlets as well as a dedicated account manager and premium support. Additional registers still must be purchased separately.
Vend is different from other, similar, ePOS systems in that it is not strictly an iOS app for your iPad. Vend does offer an iOS app, but the primary system is based on HTML5 and can run in your web browser. If your internet goes down, then Vend will run off of the cached data and will sync with the cloud database when the connection is back up.
What Won't It Do?
Vend is primarily a retail ePOS system, so it lacks features that would be useful in a restaurant or beverage vendor. It does not offer table mapping or a way to add tips to a check.
Vend is an excellent, scalable ePOS system for small to large retail businesses, but lacks features that many restaurateurs need.
Vend Retail POS
v.a. €
Post a review Cancel reply
Retail ePOS
Retail experts
Used by big names
Multiple plans
Some disappointing features
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text:
Q: Load local PDF with ng2-pdf-viewer I just want to show a PDF that is found within the project directory.
I did read the online documentation render-local-pdf-file but still, I was not able to make this work.
Here is my code:
import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-message',
  templateUrl: './message.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./message.component.scss'],
})
export class MessageComponent{
  src: string = '../confirmation.pdf';
}

and here is how I implemented it within the template
<pdf-viewer [src]="src" style="display: block;">
  </pdf-viewer>

If I use the pdf found in the example ("https://vadimdez.github.io/ng2-pdf-viewer/assets/pdf-test.pdf") the viewer works.
Why does it make a difference if I use a local file agains an URL for the PDF?
The error I am getting is the following:
404 Not Found XHR GET http://localhost:4200/confirmation.pdf
The file is found one level above the message component:
confirmation.pdf
- message
 - message.component.html
 - message.component.ts


The Eliava International Phage Therapy Center (http://eliavaphagetherapy.com) in Tblisi, Republic of Georgia, provides a comprehensive array of phage therapy services for infections of adults and children, with specialists in Ear Nose and Throat, Urology, Gynecology, surgical infections and Dermatology. The Eliava phage production facility, Eliava BioPreparations, offers several commercial cocktails including Pyo Bacteriophage and Intesti Bacteriophage and Staphylococcal Bacteriophage. The cocktails are regularly updated based on current clinical challenges, utilizing the large collection of bacteria and phages at the institute. Additionally, they can produce a custom cocktail for a specific infection application when needed using their library of phages that have been refined and tested for therapeutic efficacy and new patient specific isolates. The laboratory, Eliava Analytical-Diagnostic Center, specializes in phage susceptibility testing using the Eliava phage library, in addition to other diagnostics. Center physicians often continue to work with foreign doctors to provide products and advice for treating patients in their home country after initial evaluation and treatment in Tblisi.
Phage Therapy Center (https://www.phagetherapycenter.com/pii/PatientServlet?command=static_home) is another well-established clinic in Tblisi, Republic of Georgia. The center routinely treats many types of infections but specializes in the treatment of chronic infections, including chronic UTI, chronic prostatitis, chronic sinusitis and non-healing wounds. The center has full laboratory facilities, commercial phage therapy cocktails and the ability to arrange for personalized cocktails for specific infections when needed.
The Phage Therapy Center is associated with Phage International™ www.phageinternational.com, a US corporation that was formed in July of 2004 to leverage bacteriophage therapy technologies that are produced in Georgia and is engaged in discovery and rediscovery of effective health care technologies developed in Eurasia, in particular phage therapy.
AmpiPhi is an international public biotechnology company focused on the development of bacteriophage-based therapies for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The company has a program for emergency IND applications with the FDA for life-threatening antibiotic resistant infections.
The Phage Therapy Unit of the Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy (https://www.iitd.pan.wroc.pl/en/OTF/index.html), headquartered in Wroclaw, Poland, opened in 2005 under the regulation of the European Union and treatment is currently possible only under the rules of a therapeutic experiment and in accord with the Declaration of Helsinki, also regulated in Poland by the Medical Profession Act of 5th December 1996. The phage therapy is conducted on an outpatient basis under the protocol of an experimental program: "Experimental phage therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infections, including MRSA infections" approved by an Independent Bioethics Committee. The main center is in Wroclaw but there are satellite Phage Therapy Units in Cracow and Czestochowa, Poland.
The Queen Astrid Hospital in Brussels, Belgium has developed a program under European Union regulations for the treatment of patients with phage therapy based on individually prepared phage cocktails. Phage cocktails for each patient are assembled from a library of approved phages in a "compounding pharmacy" model of indiviual preparation. They primarily specialize in the treatment of burn infections.
Various other entities are developing approaches to identifying and supplying therapeutic phages for potential use in phage therapy. The Center for Phage Technology at Texas A and M University has developed treatments for emergency IND indications. Further phage therapy information is available at the website phage-therapy.org, a useful website curated by Steven T. Abedon PhD.


I have been finding a lot of YouTubers that need more attention because they make excellent and outstanding videos.
Girl Meets World is AM Teen's tv show of the week because of its Outstanding actors and Writers. The show is about real life sitiations and is a real great example for kids.
Stephen is AM Teen's Hottie of the week because he is funny, cute, he is a amazing person and great husband and father , and he is a outstanding actor.
Asylum is a kind of a scary book but it gives you a spark of thrill and excitement.
Adelaide Kane is AM Teen's First TV show star of the because of her incredible acting skill and how so puts so much passion into her character as Mary.
Top ten Books that were made into extraordinary Movies.
These YouTubers have such amazing voices i just had to share and make sure you check out all these people's youtube accconts because they really need to be more appreacited.
James Alfred "Jim" Chapman is an English YouTube vlogger, blogger and model, who is best known for his pop culture, vlogging.
Vine star Matthew Espinosa stars in new Paramount Film Be Somebody.
Zoe Elizabeth is an English fashion and beauty vlogger, YouTuber, and author. She is best known by her YouTube username Zoella.
Netflix has come a long way since just showing movies, now they create their own original series and they are as good as the one's on TV if not better, and I say this because it is commercial free and I don't have to wait 7 days before seeing the next episode.
Connor Joel Franta is a American entrepreneur, Writer , and Youtuber. As of November 2015 his self named main channel on YouTube has over 5 million subscribers. Connor was also formerly a part of the YouTube group O2l.
The book of the day is Room by Emma Donoghue, a national best seller. I choose this book because I found this book very interesting, it is written from the point of view of a 5-year-old. It was fascinating to see the world through the eyes of a child.
So I did this collage today just for fun and I thought it came out ok.


May 15th 2018 at F. Hoffman-La Roche in Basel, and was mainly focused on "Innovation in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry on Pharmaceutical Products".
Predicting the physical stability of amorphous drugs.
Influence of polymorphic transition on the the thermal behavior of quasi-autocatalytically decomposed solids.
The integrated calorimeter - Combining calorimitry and PAT measurements.
Strategies for separating overlapping effects by DSC and Flash DSC.
Miniaturized ceramic differential sacanning calorimeter with integrated oven and crucible.
Reaction Optimisation in Safe Conditions using the Normalised Thermal Potential.


text:
Fern J. Thompson, 91, formerly of Richville
Thursday, October 14, 2010 - 6:15 pm
Fern J. Thompson, 91, formally Richville, died Tuesday, October 12, 2010 at United Helpers Maplewood Campus.
A memorial service will be held on Saturday at 3:15 p.m. at the Lawrence Funeral Home, Canton with Rev. Robert Schirmer officiating. Calling hours will be Saturday from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. at the funeral home. Burial will be in the Hillcrest Cemetery, Parishville at a later date.
Memorial contributions may be sent to Alzheimer's Association, 441 West Kirkpatrick Street, Syracuse, NY 13204, United Helpers Maplewood Campus, 205 State St., Canton, NY 13617 or to Hospice and Palliative Care of the St. Lawrence Valley, 6805 US Hwy 11, Potsdam, NY 13676.
Surviving are three daughters, Sharon Caldararo and husband Mike of Watertown, Laurie Smith and husband Ron of Canton and Natalie Tucker Miller and husband Paul of Hinesburg, VT; a step-daughter, Marsha Kane and husband Michael of Oneonta; one brother, Curtis Conklin and wife Bev of Gouverneur; one brother-in-law, Elmer Denesha of DeKalb Jct; seven grandchildren, Scott Fenlong, Jennifer McAleese, Ryan Caldararo, Rachel Guyre-Riley, Sean Guyre, Beth Ann Miller and Allison Miller; and eight great-grandchildren and many nieces and nephews.
Fern was predeceased by two brothers, Charles "Bud" and Grafton "Bill" Conklin; and five sisters, Ellabelle "Peg" Stuhldreher, Eva Cunningham, Elva "Cubby" Pelkofski, Doris "Polly" Bowman and Edith Denesha.
Born September 19, 1919, in DeKalb Jct. daughter of Roscoe G. and Vida (Holland) Conklin she graduated Richville High School. Fern married Basyl Harwood Tucker on May 14, 1944 in Wilmington, DE. He died August 12, 1976. On November 26, 1980 she married Paul E. Thompson in Ogdensburg. Paul died October 2006.
Fern along with her late husband Paul ran the Richville Hotel until they closed the hotel (1989) and started Ye Olde Hotel Antiques, which they ran from 1988 to 2000. In the 1960's Fern worked for a florist on Long Island for a number of years.
Fern will always be remembered for her kindness and generosity.
Condolences may be sent online to www.lawrencefuneralhome.org


Shahadat Info is a technology relative blog in Bangladesh. We provide to our member GP free net, Robi free net, Banglalink free net, airtel free net. Those tutorial are free. Our post is simply and discussion is good.
Hi Friends, I m Shahadat . This Is My Personal Blog Where I Will Share Tech,News,Offers Of Any Operator and Free Net Tricks. I love to know & share my knowledge with you all. I m Also Simple Böy Like You All and a singer. I am fan of SONU NIGAM. Just Study in Collage. I want past my best time with my friends. All Time Visit Our Site .
Hello Shahadat, thank you for your post. I need a similar way to surf the web through Vodafone mobile network in Germany. Can you please help me?


text:
Reljan (cyr. Рељан) – wieś w Serbii, w okręgu pczyńskim, w gminie Preševo. W 2002 roku liczyła 694 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Miejscowości w okręgu pczyńskim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


People often imagine industrial automation as vast production lines, raw materials entering one end and, through a sequence of loud, dynamic operations, widgets or automobiles rolling off the other. What they don't see is the sophisticated infrastructure—controllers, diagnostic equipment, and connectivity—integrating production to form a reliable network. Unlike typical office networks designed to manage information like sales orders, web pages and emails, industrial networks are engineered for precision control of machines. When we send a document to a printer on the office network, we don't care if transmission takes 5 milliseconds or 50 milliseconds. On a production line, where quality and efficiency rely on precise timing within tight tolerances, every millisecond counts.
Rockwell was among the founding companies to pioneer fieldbus networks. Designed to be a low-cost, real-time, device-level bus architecture, DeviceNet defines a standard device object-oriented software model for communication between industrial controllers and I/O devices. DeviceNet simplifies wiring and installation by transmitting power and signal on a single cable. Users can customize their control architecture from highly distributed to highly centralized. Arguably the most open automation network in North America today, DeviceNet links literally millions of devices.
Overly exuberant pundits prematurely declared DeviceNet dead—and EtherNet/IP the rising champion in automation control. Unlike EtherNet/IP, DeviceNet was never designed to be plug-and-play or a data rich environment. It was developed for interoperability among different manufacturers when transferring data between controllers and field devices using industrial network protocols. Robust engineering makes DeviceNet uniquely suited for environments with EMI, noise and vibration. As a secure dedicated industrial control system, the risk of tampering is low. An efficient network, DeviceNet transfers machine data without excess overhead.
Despite media buzz, DeviceNet remains a mainstay platform. Recently I toured one of the world's largest agricultural operations processing corn into usable goods—a single kernel corn contributes to making 27 different products from starches to fructose to food we eat. Operating 24/7/365 the sprawling multi-building modern manufacturing complex relies on DeviceNet.
Admittedly, DeviceNet is not without its share of quirks. Not all technicians were well versed in best practices when many DeviceNet systems were installed. While a relatively forgiving network, issues must be addressed as systems age and expand. Over time, cables fray, connectors succumb to vibration, and power systems can falter. After a decade or more in an industrial environment it's not unusual for power supplies and other components to wear out. Voltage may appear steady, yet surges occur or power intermittently drops into brown-out. Persistent problems can ultimately lead to unplanned downtime, swiftly sapping productivity and profits. One example I saw firsthand at a major automotive plant's robotic paint application. At any given time, they may have a half million dollars worth of paint loaded. An outage can delay critical production schedules and result in costly product loss.
Whether food, packaging, material handling or automotive, plants trust DeviceNet to keep production lines running. What they don't want are surprises inherent with any network—intermittent power loss, flexing cable, cracked sheathing, cable that was never properly shielded, or loose screws from vibration, all of which can crop up in established systems, and any one of which can deteriorate the integrity of a fieldbus network.
Increasingly, customers are proactively seeking better methods to identify and prevent problems. Better DeviceNet tools are available to simplify and ensure proper installation and certify new machinery—tools that can make the daily grind easier for technicians on the plant floor. Molex offers among the world's most user friendly diagnostics. Brad® network diagnostic tools for DeviceNet industrial networks use high-speed data sampling to predict system faults, without interrupting operations or risking an unplanned shutdown.
NetMeter™ provides a user-friendly handheld device that diagnoses multiple DeviceNet operational variables in a health index, clearly displaying each fault condition and source. A dedicated electrical testing device, NetMeter connects directly into the network, while machines are fully operational. No need to shutdown or risk of system crashing. Additionally, the NetMeter doesn't require programming or configuration. Even untrained personnel can certify, diagnose and troubleshoot using NetMeter. Completely passive, NetMeter analyzes signal and power lines within seconds. Network-wide and device-specific traffic, signal voltage and power quality information is displayed on a familiar user interface. A terrific value proposition, NetMeter generates highly accurate data and statistics for real world troubleshooting of intermittent faults and even detecting marginal conditions using an extensive cross-reference of common network fixes.
The enhanced eNetmeter™ DN provides a passive, IP20-rated portable meter with greater functionality including continuous high-speed measurement (up to 100 mega-samples per second) of critical network parameters (CAN signals, power and shield voltage). The eNetmeter in conjunction with our NetAlytix™ software in a portable case makes the unit easy to use on multiple networks. While NetMeter provides 677 different readings, the eNetmeter can search and identify over 2000 diagnostic points. The eNetmeter records minimum and maximum values and means. An Ethernet port enables direct connections to download stored data for diagnostic logic and diagnostic support from a PLC or computer. The eNetmeter provides continuous readings so intermittent problems can be more readily diagnosed and data securely accessed and shared from any plant location with a connection to the device IP address.
Visit the Molex website for a free downloadable DeviceNet pocket guide. If you plan to be in Houston, please visit us at Automation Fair 2013, November 13-14 (Molex booth 1501) for a hard copy.


How Does Google Business View Work?
Getting your business on-line with Google Business View couldn't be easier, there are a couple of things you need to complete to prepare for your business for a 360 virtual tour. Firstly we need to check that your business qualifies for Google Business View. You as a business then need to complete a couple of steps.
Go to http://plus.google.com/pages/dashboard and click Manage this page on the page you'd like to verify.
Check that the contact information is correct. You can also address the postcard to a specific person by adding a name to the Optional contact name field. This name will not appear anywhere else on Google. Note that you can only receive a PIN at the business address you provided when you created your Google+ page for your local business.
Click Request postcard. Once your postcard arrives, you can verify your Google+ page by entering your PIN on-line.
How it works .. For the business, a Google Trusted Photographer session is quick, discrete and does not interfere with a normal business day or customers present. The photographer walks through the business with just a tripod and a camera (no bulky lighting or cabling is used), taking 360° circular sweep images at various points within the building. Any customers or staff who are in any of the shots, have their faces blurred out by the Google software so absolute discretion and privacy is maintained for all. After this is done, the Trusted Photographer takes the series of point of interest images, some paperwork is signed and the job physically at the business is done.
Thereafter, the photographer's work continues as he/she later constructs the panoramic virtual tour, quality controls all images and uploads the entire session to the Google servers. Within a few working days of the actual Google Business View photo shoot, the finished tour and images are available for local, national and international web browsers to see and hopefully crystallize their decision to visit the actual business itself.
The videos below give a good explanation of the process and what you can expect from your virtual tour.


Leicestershire is famed for its contribution the country's food and drink culture – just think Red Leicester and pork pies! Leicestershire has a number of attractions for the visitor with historic buildings, gardens, stately homes and the National Space Museum amongst popular sites in the county.
Leicestershire in the Midlands is a landlocked county surrounded by the counties of Rutland, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire and Derbyshire.
Leicestershire has a population of just over 1,000,000 people. The county town is the city of Leicester – the main area of population, with other large towns at Loughborough, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Coalville and Hinkley.
Leicestershire's boundaries have remained largely consistent since the Domesday records.
The history of Leicestershire is reflected in the mixture of industries in the county. Farming remains important, as does the food and drink industry with a number of producers and brand based in the county. The battle of Bosworth Field saw the triumph of the Red over the White Rose and the first Tudor on the throne of England.
Engineering was also a dominant industry – and the largest bell in England, produced for St. Pauls cathedral was cast in the county. Many cathedrals, abbeys and houses have had their stained glass and lead roof works manufactured in the county. Engineering continues today with the county home to the likes of Triumph motorcycles and Noble sportscars.
Leicestershire is easily accessible by road – the M1 running through the county and the A6 connecting the county to the A14.
The county is well served by train with a journey from London to Leicester taking just over an hour.
Visitors from further afield can use the East Midlands airport.


We have made it very easy to compare Pelham power rates so you can get the least expensive electric price for your needs. Just enter your zip code then read company reviews, compare the New York electricity companies that serve the Pelham area to get the best electric plan that meets your needs.
Electricity prices in Pelham NY are deregulated, meaning you have the power to choose from over 50 energy companies in the Pelham area.
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Pandemic-Era Heroes: San Gabriel Valley's…
Pandemic-Era Heroes: San Gabriel Valley's Henry Miao donated thousands of masks to frontline workers
"His distribution truly helped," West Covina Mayor Letty Lopez-Viado said. "People couldn't get one single mask. It bought time for others to make more masks."
Henry Miao, left, prepares to ship a box of masks with West Covina Mayor Tony Wu. Miao, who owns Henrial, donated thousands of masks to the City of West Covina and distributed to healthcare and frontline workers in the community. (Photo courtesy of Henry Miao)
By Tim Haddock | thaddockscng@gmail.com |
PUBLISHED: January 6, 2021 at 5:00 a.m. | UPDATED: January 6, 2021 at 5:52 a.m.
Pandemic-Era Heroes
Name: Henry Miao
Hometown: Walnut
Role: Owner of Henrial
Quote: "His distribution truly helped," West Covina Mayor Letty Lopez-Viado said of Miao. "People couldn't get one single mask. It bought time for others to make more masks. We were able to distribute to the community. Our city got masks when other cities didn't have any."
Latest installment in a series of stories about people who have made a big difference in the community during a time framed by the coronavirus pandemic
Henry Miao, who owns a clothing company called Henrial, donated 10,000 masks that were distributed to Emanate Health's Queen of the Valley Hospital in West Covina in March.
A month later, he donated another 5,000 masks to the city of West Covina that were distributed to frontline healthcare workers in the community. Miao hasn't stopped donating masks and essential equipment for those working on the front lines during the pandemic. His donations have gone to school districts, small businesses, nursing homes, workers at City Hall and people throughout the community.
Miao estimates that his company has donated more than a half million masks to West Covina and neighboring cities.
"His distribution truly helped," West Covina Mayor Letty Lopez-Viado said. "People couldn't get one single mask. It bought time for others to make more masks. We were able to distribute to the community. Our city got masks when other cities didn't have any."
He was recognized by the West Covina City Council in December for his efforts. Until the pandemic is over, Miao said he will continue to provide what he can to keep his community safe.
"When the coronavirus started, the people were very, very scared," Miao said. "Now they seem more relaxed. They don't know what happened. When I started the donations, no one can buy anything here from anywhere."
Supplies were scarce at the beginning of the pandemic. Masks in particular were hard to find in March and April. Miao said he contacted then-Mayor Tony Wu and asked him if he needed masks. Wu accepted the offer, gratefully and happily.
Wu said Miao not only filled a need for masks and personal protective equipment, he provided child-sized masks for the community.
"I was amazed. Children sized masks are very difficult to get," Wu said. "Adult size is easier. Children size, you need a special make. He provided 10,000, so we provided all this to the school districts. He's a nice guy, very nice."
Those donations turned into mask sales for his company. He estimates his company, which is based in Walnut, has sold between 60 million and 70 million masks during the pandemic.
Lopez-Viado said in times of need, for example, during a pandemic, people show their true colors. Instead of hoarding supplies or making it more difficult for people to have access to safety equipment, Miao made it easy.
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"He was very generous and to start the mask donation movement, I think that was the best thing," Lopez-Viado said. "Any time there is a need and somebody is able to provide for that need that becomes the most important thing."
Miao, 47, was born in China and moved to California eight years ago. For a time he worked in Europe and spent eight years, from 1989 to 1997, in Poland. He speaks five languages — English, Chinese, Polish, Russian and German — and has worked in the clothing business for nearly 30 years.
Lopez-Viado said because of Miao and his company, West Covina avoided a mask shortage when other cities across the country were struggling to provide members of their communities with basic equipment.
"For him to start the mask donation movement, that was the biggest thing because others followed," Lopez-Viado said. "We didn't have to have a shortage in our city."
Tim Haddock


Beauty is one of the least straightforward concepts known to man. The beauty industry, in particular, is so complex and multifaceted that we have to educate ourselves, or at least I do, in order to minimize being susceptible to manipulation by brands, marketing, low self-esteem, and all the various influences that we are exposed to. Education is also useful to help us avoid being harmed by products that claim to enhance our beauty, but function at the risk of our health. Even then, education alone is not enough to protect us from the many subtle yet powerful influences of the beauty industry. This comes as no surprise when we consider that "[t]he beauty industry is never only about beauty." So what is the beauty industry about? And what is beauty? Join us in watching five excellent TED talks that explore these questions and several other intriguing aspects of beauty.
The Chidi Beauty woman is a smart woman. Every single one of us. Why else would we be interested in safer, less-toxic beauty products? As smart women, we know our worth is not found in our appearance. But as smart as we are, we are not exempt from being afflicted by beauty sickness. Psychologist Renee Engeln explains what beauty sickness is, and how even the smartest and most educated among us can fall ill.
What does a beautiful woman look like? In her TED talk, Amber Starks challenges us to not only examine our standard of beauty, but to get rid of it altogether. In so doing, she touches on the absurdity of beauty standards, and the importance of self-acceptance. We couldn't agree with her more.
When it comes to beauty we often think that we know it when we see it. But how much is our judgment of a person or object's beauty informed by the information and feelings we already have? Designer Richard Seymour ponders this question as he asks us to consider, or rather reconsider what beauty really is.
If our knowledge about something shapes our impression of whether that thing is beautiful, then how, exactly, should we learn about the world around us? Author, makeup lover and feminist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichi cautions us against forming opinions based on one single story. Instead, she teaches us that by rejecting the single story we can regain a kind of paradise. And who doesn't find paradise to be beautiful?
Brazilian photographer Angelica Dass grew up, as most of us do, living in a world that is figuratively colour blind. However, as most of us also do, she grew up and that innocence was lost. Being forced to live in a world of colour, Dass undertook a powerful project, Humanae, in an effort to identify our true colours by separating race from colour, one Pantone number at a time.
Which of these TED talks is your favourite? Are there any other TED talks that belong on this list? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.


Northern Ireland got off to the winning start their Euro 2020 campaign so badly needs against Estonia at Windsor Park last night.
Niall McGinn's 56th minute strike took the pressure off Michael O'Neill's men after Paddy McNair had missed a gilt-edged first half chance.
Northern Ireland were on the front foot from the start against the minnows of Group C. McGinn had a chance inside two minutes but cut across his shot at the far post to drag it wide.
After George Saville sent a low free-kick into the wall, Paddy McNair missed a header from point-blank range, watching his downward header somehow bounce back up and over the bar from Jones' lofted cross.
McGinn, however, was on hand to blast home a loose ball from 15 yards ball after a dominant re-start.
The North were then awarded a penalty for a foul on Saville on 72 minutes, with Steven Davis firing home from the spot.


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Transylvania is a 2006 French drama film starring Asia Argento. In 2006, Director Tony Gatlif and composer Delphine Mantoulet won the Georges Delerue Prize at the Flanders International Film Festival for the score, and Gatlif was nominated for the Grand Prix award. Transylvania premiered at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival in France on 28 May, and premiered in the United States on 16 March 2007 at the Cleveland International Film Festival and in the United Kingdom at the Cambridge Film Festival on 6 July 2007 (with a later theatrical release on 10 August 2007).

Plot
Zingarina (Asia Argento), a rebellious Italian girl who travels to Transylvania with her best friend Marie (Amira Casar) and a young interpreter, Luminita (Alexandra Beaujard), seeking her fiancee and father of the baby she's expecting, Milan Agustin (Morgan), who has been expelled from France, the country where they had met and fallen in love. She knows he's a travelling musician and plays in a gypsy band.
Zingarina finds Milan at the winter "Herod's Carnaval" (Festival of customs and traditions) but he tells her that their love story is over.
The girl, angry and crushed, doesn't want to return to France or Italy. Marie is angry too so she fires Luminita because she thinks they have to leave from Transylvania.

Zingarina exploits a temporary absence of Marie (the woman was at a phone-cabine) for running away from her (leaving a note only), in order to go after Vandana, a vagrant little girl. In her aimless travel through the boulevards and the villages, Zingarina meets Tchangalo (Birol Unel), a charming travelling merchant of Turkish descent. Between them there's a kind of comprehension and solidarity; then a love feeling.
Even if Tchangalo is a man without borders and without ties, he accepts Zingarina (even the idea of forming a family with her); Tchangalo also accepts Zingarina's baby, even if he's not his natural son.

Cast
 Asia Argento as Zingarina
 Amira Casar as Marie
 Birol Ünel as Tchangalo
 Alexandra Beaujard as Luminitsa
 Marco Castoldi as Milan Agustin
 Bea Palya as the cabaret singer (as Beáta Palya)
 Rares Budileanu as the young musician
 Gabor as Gabor, the peasant at the sled

References

External links
 Producers' official website has a sub-page for the film.

2006 films
Culture of Transylvania
Films directed by Tony Gatlif
Transylvania in fiction
French drama road movies
2000s drama road movies
Georges Delerue Award winners
2000s French films