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Research article | Open | Published: 18 April 2018
Modic changes in the cervical endplate of patients suffering from cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Pan Qiao1,
Tian-Tong Xu1,
Wen Zhang2 &
Rong Tian1
The distribution and related factors of Modic changes (MC) in the lumbar spine has been evaluated. In the present study, the MC in the cervical endplate of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) was investigated.
A total of 6422 cervical endplates of 539 patients suffered from CSM (259 males and 280 females) with mean age of 46 ± 5.2 years. All patients underwent MRI scans and X-ray for evaluating the distribution of MC. The clinical information were recorded.
It was observed that 13.0% of patients and 2.4% of endplates showed MC. There were 3.7, 7.6, and 1.7% of cases diagnosed as types I, II, and III, respectively, suggesting MC were corrected with disc degeneration. The incidence rates of MC were 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.2%, respectively, in different intervertebral disc segments C2–3, C3–4, C4–5, C5–6, C6–7, and C7T1. Disc degeneration, segment, disease course, and age were statistically related to the MC. Patients over the age of 40 more easily suffered from MC.
MCs manifested as type II mainly in patients with CSM. The incidence was highest in the C5–6 segment. Disc degeneration greatly contributed to the occurrence of MC.
Modic changes (MC) are signal intensity changes of vertebral endplates and subchondral bone as observed upon MRI signal changes. Abnormal signals in the adjacent vertebral endplate region were first reported by de Roos et al. [1] in 1987 in patients with degenerative disease using lumbar MRI. In 1988, Modic et al. [1, 2] systematically described the type, classification standard, and histologic changes in MRI signals. For now, many researchers have focused on the aspects of lumbar MC [3], and the changes and outcomes and their relationships with low back pain has been made clear [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11], and the relations between MC and intervertebral disc degeneration or the motion segments have been confirmed. However, studies on MC in the cervical endplate, especially in the occurrence of cervical myelopathy, are still limited.
To date, the factors related to MC in the cervical endplate are not clear. The influence of the condition of the cervical curve representing the status of the cervical spine and the durations of symptoms reflecting the time from the symptoms' beginning have not been investigated.
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a chronic degenerative condition of the cervical spine that produces narrowing of the spinal canal and disruption of spinal cord function and accounts for about 10–15% of cervical spondylosis [12]. It mostly occurs in middle-aged and older patients, but the prevalence in younger ages has obviously increased in recent years. Our understanding of the disease has been increased since 1952, when Brain et al. [13] reported a large group of cervical spondylosis patients and divided them into myelopathic type and nerve root type.
With the progress in and application of modern medical imaging technology, especially MRI, MCs are easier to be found in patients with CSM. However, studies are still lacking regarding the distribution and related factors.
Therefore, in this study, we analyzed retrospectively the distribution and related factors regarding MC in the cervical endplate of cervical spinal cord cases and compare the findings with the other studies on MC in the cervical spine mentioned above as well as correlate with similarly designed studies conducted on the lumbar region.
Five hundred thirty-nine patients with available cervical MRI scans and X-ray were chosen from January 2012 and September 2015 in our institution, who were diagnosed as CSM. A total of 259 men and 280 women ranging from 24 to 87 years (mean age, 46 ± 5.2) were statistically analyzed in this study.
All of the patients with chronic axial symptoms such as neck and shoulder pain as well as muscle cramps accompanied with neck stiffness and limited mobility chosen in this study were resulted from single-level or multilevel cervical disk degeneration confirmed by cervical MRI scans and X-ray.
The general exclusion criteria were as follows according to the imaging reports or noted on the MRI: (1) suffering from recent acute vertebral fractures such as Schmorl's nodes, surgical fusions, spinal infections, or tumors; (2) patients with inflammatory spondyloarthropathy, hemodialysis spondyloarthropathy, or congenital or acquired block vertebrae; (3) undergoing radiotherapy; or (4) smokers.
Imaging characteristics and classification of MC were standardized based on the literature and agreed by consensus within the two readers. Before any studies began, a sample set of images were evaluated by two radiologists and held an in-person meeting to review and refine the standardized definitions. Because this was a retrospective study using data routinely collected, according to a waiver issued by the ethics committee, specific ethics approval for this study was not required. Each patient was assigned a number, and data for patient age, sex, presence or absence of MC, MC type, and the respective segmental level were collected.
We analyzed retrospectively the features of the distribution of MC of the cervical endplate with respect to age, durations of symptoms, spinal segment, and grade of intervertebral disc degeneration and firstly used the endplate instead of the motion segment as a statistical unit regarding the distribution of MC.
Imageological examination
For the MR examination, we used an American GE Signa CV/i-type 1.5T magnetic resonance scanner (Fairfield City, CA, USA). Regarding T2WI, TR/TE was 3000 ms/100 ms; and for TlWI, TR/TE was 560 ms/12 ms. Coli was USCSl2, NEX was 2.00, matrix was 320 × 256, and FOV was 24. Thickness/layer was 3.0 mm/1.0 mm. The scanning software used was No Phase Wrap, Variable Bandwidth, Tailored RF pulses.
For the X-ray examination, we used a GE Advantx RFX type 90 X-ray machine (Fairfield City, CA, USA). The voltage was anteroposterior 75 kV/lateral 85 kV, at an electric current of 500 mA. We used an automatic exposure control system (Fairfield City, CA, USA).
The types of MC were according to MC standards as assessed by MRI [1, 2]: type 0: signal of the cervical endplate was normal, type I: hypointense signal on T1-weighted sequences and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted sequences, type II: hyperintense signal on T1 sequences and hyper- or isointense signal on T2 sequences, and type III: hypointense signal on T1 and T2 sequences (Figs. 1, 2, and 3). Pfirrmann grading standards [14] of intervertebral disc degeneration was shown in Table 1. Cervical curvature was measured by the C2–C7 Cobb's angle. Cobb's angle C2–7 was measured by formal Cobb methods that checked angle between the horizontal line of C2 lower end plate and the horizontal line of C7 lower end plate [15, 16]. In this study, the values of an angle below 0° were classified as recurvation and the values of 0° or above were classified as non-recurvation.
Modic type I changes. Hemispheric low signal intensity on T1-weighted (a) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted (b) images are noted on both sides of the endplate at the C6–7 level in the cervical spine
Modic type II changes. High signal intensity on T1-weighted (a) and T2-weighted (b) images are noted on both endplates at the C6–7 level in the cervical spine
Modic type III changes. Hemispheric low signal intensity on T1-weighted (a) and T2-weighted (b) images is noted on the upper endplate at the C5–6 level in the cervical spine
Table 1 Pfirrmann grading standards in MRI (T2WI) of intervertebral disc degenerations
All data were collected and statistical analyzed by SPSS Version 19.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Cohen's kappa statistics was used to calculate intra- and interrater reliability. Comparisons with values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Distribution of Modic changes in all patients
The intraobserver agreement with the Modic classification was excellent (weighted kappa 0.86). The interobserver agreement was substantial (weighted kappa 0.73). Among 539 patients with 3211 motion segments or 6422 endplates, 70 (13.0%) patients and 88 (154 endplates or 2.4%) motion segments showed MC. Twenty (3.7%) cases and 27 (51 endplates or 0.8%) motion segments were type I; 41 (7.6%) cases and 43 (77 endplates or 1.2%) motion segments were type II; and 9 (1.7%) cases and 18 (26 endplates or 0.4%) motion segments were type III. According to the occurrence of MC in different intervertebral disc segments, 0 (0%) lesions involved C2–3, 9 (0.3%) involved C3–4, 20 (0.6%) involved C4–5, 29 (0.9%) involved C5–6, 23 (0.7%) involved C6–7, and 7 (0.2%) involved C7T1 (Table 2).
Table 2 Distribution of MC in different intervertebral disc segments
The distribution of Modic changes with different degrees of disc degeneration
The morbidity of MC using different classifications of disc degeneration was shown in Table 3. As can be seen, the morbidities among the five groups were significant differences (χ2 = 223.137, P = 0.000).
Table 3 Distribution of MC in different Cobb angle groups
The distribution of Modic changes at different degrees of cobb angles
Table 4 shows the morbidity of MC in groups with different Cobb angles, representing a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 7.659, P = 0.006).
Table 4 Distribution of MC in both genders
The distribution of Modic changes in different sex groups
The distribution of MC in both sexes was shown in Table 5. However, there was no significant difference between female and male groups (χ2 = 2.569, P = 0.109).
Table 5 Distribution of MC in different age groups
The distribution of Modic changes in different age groups
Table 6 shows the distribution of MC in different age groups. The younger than 40 years and the older group represented a statistical significant difference (χ2 = 57.437, P = 0.000).
Table 6 Distribution of MC in different durations of symptoms
The distribution of Modic changes in different durations of symptoms
The distribution of MC in different durations of symptoms was shown in Table 7, representing a statistically significant difference between the groups with duration shorter than 18 months and the longer (χ2 = 23.438, P = 0.000).
Overall correlation analysis
The above results suggest that the degree of disc degeneration, Cobb angle, age, disc segment, and durations of symptoms are all significantly correlated with MC. The regression equation was obtained using a binary logistic stepwise regression test as follows: Y = − 14.314 + 4.037D ± 0.784C + 0.310 L + 0.203 T + 0.162A (where Y denotes MC; A, age; T, durations of symptom; L, disc segment; D, the degree of disc degeneration; and C, Cobb angle group; P = 0.001, EXP: D = 23.038, C = 1.893, L = 1.307, T = 1.187, and A = 1.164). This calculation showed that the most relevant correlation was between disc degeneration and MC in cases of CSM; and this was followed by the Cobb angle grouping, intervertebral segment, durations of symptoms, and lastly age.
This article first used the endplate instead of the motion segment as the statistical unit regarding the distribution of MC. It is also describing for the first time the distribution of MC in the cervical endplate of patients suffering from CSM and the relevant correlation between durations of symptom and MC.
The present study demonstrated that 71 cases and 154 endplates showed MC, and the total prevalence was 13.2%. A previous prospective study conducted in the cervical spine with 497 originally asymptomatic healthy volunteers at baseline [17] showed the prevalence of all MC types was 4.5% of subjects, and 223 at follow-up [18] showed an increase to 13.9%. Thus, it can be seen that the prevalence of MC in the cervical spine was affected by the sample size. Jensen et al. [3] performed a meta-analysis of MC in the lumbar spine and found a difference in the incidence between different races, with Europeans exhibiting a higher prevalence of MC in the lumbar spine compared with Asians. Studies on cervical MC are very limited and lack sufficient statistical power due to small sample sizes. Whether such differences are related to regional and ethnic demographics requires further study.
The present study shows that the most common type of cervical MC is type II, with a rate of 1.2% (77 endplates) which might be for the reason that the enrollments were patients suffering from severe CSM with long course of spinal segmental degeneration. Two previous studies conducted in the cervical spine observed the same results [19, 20]. However, Peterson et al. [21] in Canada found that the most common type was type I. These authors argue that MC are associated with segmental instability, while the degree of activity of the cervical vertebrae is larger than in the lumbar spine. Therefore, further research with a wider age range of patients is needed. In addition, pay more attention to investigate the difference of original mechanism between types I and II are also necessary.
Our study shows that the most common areas for MC in the cervical spine are C5–6, and the prevalence is 1.0%. The similar outcomes have been reported. The C5–6 segments which are the concentrated stress site have the largest activity and range of motion among the cervical vertebrae and produce intervertebral disc degeneration [19,20,21]. However, it is still unclear as to which mechanism(s) affects endplate MC.
We showed that cervical MC are related to the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration, and that there is a higher prevalence over Pfirrmann grade III of degenerative discs and that its prevalence increases with the increase in the degree of disc degeneration. A consensus has been reached in this respect [18, 22]. The present study also suggests a very important correlation between MC and the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration, without a causal relationship. However, we cannot currently prove the evolution in types of MC due to the lack of long-term follow-up.
This study shows that the cervical MC are more common in recurvation group. It can be explained by cervical curvature reflecting its status and the recurvation reducing vertical shock absorption in a flattened spine. This would increase the risk of endplate damage during incidents such as a fall on the buttocks. Wu et al. have shown a higher prevalence of MC in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis [23], but this frontal-plane spinal curvature is primarily structural and cannot be equated with sagittal plane curvature which is more functional than structural.
The prevalence of cervical MC is not significantly different between sexes. Meanwhile, the same outcome was identified by Peterson et al. [21]. Conversely, the lumbar changes are correlated with sex, hormones, and profession [24, 25]. The reasons for this may be as follows. On the one hand, cervical vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs are more sensitive to overloading leading to reflective protection.
Therefore, there is no significant diffidence of cervical vertebra in different sexes, leading to no correlation between the prevalence of cervical MC and sexes.
This study shows that the cervical MC tend to occur in patients over 40 years of age. A previous prospective follow-up MRI study also reported age (≥ 40 years) was significantly associated with MC [18]. Furthermore, another study confirmed the prevalence of cervical MC increased with age [22].
This study shows that the cervical MC tend to occur in patients with durations of symptom above 18 months. Reasons may be that the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration becomes more severe as durations increases. The conversion and natural history of MC may be another important factor. Mann et al. [26] reported that no conversion from type II to type I or reverting to a normal image was observed in the cervical spine, in complete contrast to MC in lumbar spine.
This study shows that the degree of disc degeneration, Cobb angle, disc segment, durations of symptoms, and age are factors that correlate with MC. Previous researches [18, 22] suggesting that MC in the cervical endplate are associated with cervical intervertebral disc degeneration, which is likely to be one of the late manifestations of intervertebral disc degeneration. However, a strong statistical correlation between disc degeneration and endplate MC is still lacking enough support. Our evidence suggests that disc degeneration and MC of the endplate have a strong correlation. In each type of cervical spondylosis, cervical curvature change is one of the most common imaging manifestations and also an early sign of cervical spine instability. Attenuation of cervical anteflexion is a sign of the body's protective response after cervical vertebra and intervertebral disc degeneration. However, the mechanism(s) that influence modifications in cervical curvature and endplate MC is arcane and requires further future study.
The durations of symptoms mainly including numbness and clumsiness of the limbs, numbness, inability to walk, "hit the cotton flu," strangalesthesia of the thorax and abdominal regions, as well as severe bowel and bladder dysfunction, and age are also important factors in endplate MC. Age over 40 years predicts endplate MC and is also a predictor of cervical degeneration and disc degeneration. And as the durations of symptoms advances, cervical spondylosis of the myelopathic type becomes more aggravated [12], and degeneration commences gradually. This phenomenon is also confirmed by the close correlation among endplate MC and disc and cervical degeneration.
MC of the cervical endplate occur primarily in the C5–6 disc with type II predominating and type III least frequent. The prevalence of cervical MC is not significantly different between sexes. MC occur mainly after the age of 40 and are correlated with disc degeneration, disc level condition of the cervical curve, durations of symptoms and age; in addition, disc degeneration plays an important role in the occurrence of MC. Nevertheless, this study had several limitations: Firstly, the correlation of MC and symptoms or the severity of stenosis is not discussed. Secondly, our study seems to be a cross-sectional analysis, we should focus on the significance of MC in clinic treatment. Thirdly, we should next analyze the correlation of MC and symptomatology.
In summary, our study reveals that Modic changes are distributed mainly over the age of 40 and are correlated with disc degeneration, disc level condition of cervical curve, course of disease and ages.
CSM:
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Modic changes
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This research was supported by Hospital level project fund of Tianjin Union Medical Center (Grant No.2017YJ025).
Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
Pan Qiao
, Tian-Tong Xu
& Rong Tian
Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
Wen Zhang
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TX analyzed the data. WZ contributed to the figures and tables. PQ wrote the manuscript. RT conceived and designed the experiments and analyzed the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Rong Tian.
Because this was a retrospective study using data routinely collected, according to a waiver issued by the ethics committee of Tianjin Union Medical Center, specific ethics approval for this study was not required. Each patient was assigned a number, and data for patient age, sex, presence or absence of MC, MC type, and the respective segmental level were collected.
Bone marrow edema
Cervical endplate


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Victory Tool, an Anoka, MN, tool-and-die manufacturer, was in a quandary, and it needed to find a better way. The company had been outsourcing the machining of large, complicated progressive die sets and components. Though outsourcing work can be costly, keeping that same work inhouse, without the right equipment, can minimize flexibility and hinder efficiency. Just what could Victory Tool do?
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The new bridge mill readily works carbon, tool and hardened steel such as D2, A2, 4140 and hot-rolled, enabling Victory to tackle many complicated jobs, such as large, progressive stamping dies with tight tolerances and multiple, complex features.
Victory was outsourcing the large die components, or moving them around on the beds of its inhouse milling machines to perform machining in stages. At the time, Victory had two vertical machines and one horizontal machining center.
The company was spending too much time on setups and re-machining of components due to these limitations.
Victory's machine-tool provider, Concept Machine Tool, Minneapolis, MN, recommended that Victory consider a Feeler FV-3224 50-taper, heavy-duty, double-column bridge mill from Methods Machine Tools, Inc. (Sudbury, MA) to solve its manufacturing challenges. Victory decided to move ahead and purchase the bridge mill, and by April 2014, the machine was delivered and installed.
The FV-series mills include extensive design and engineering by Methods to facilitate the production of large components, and feature THK linear guideways on the x axis and Schneeberger roller linear guideways on the y axis. A stepped y-axis beam along with the machine weighing as much as 82 tons contribute significantly to rigidity.
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Victory also takes advantage of the mill's versatility by running a range of jobs with a variety of workpiece sizes, from small to large.
To improve efficiency, in August 2014, a custom 90-tool automatic tool changer (ATC), the first of its kind installed in the United States, was added to the mill. The ATC has greatly reduced set-up times and increased efficiency to meet tight-tolerance specifications versus Victory's older machines, which only offer 24-tool selection. Typically, Victory uses 76 tools each day, so tool standardization is key to minimizing tool changes, saving time and reducing required programming.
Victory tackles many complicated jobs, such as large, progressive stamping dies with tight tolerances and multiple, complex features.
Acquisition of the Feeler mill has far exceeded Victory's original expectations, with the company expecting an ROI of less than three years. Simonson and his team are impressed with the rigidity and reliability of the mill, and are confident enough to run the machine unmanned.
And, as word has gotten around in the metalforming industry about Victory's large bridge mill and its capability to take on a broader range of work, Victory is now taking on the machining of large plates.
Article provided by Methods Machine Tools, Inc., Sudbury, MA; tel. 978/443-5388, www.methodsmachine.com. Information also contributed by Victory Tool, Anoka, MN; tel. 763/323-8877, www.victorytool.com.
See also: Victory Tool, Inc., Methods Machine Tools, Inc.
Congratulations to the team at Victory. The machine is a nice fit.


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Carotta's discussion of the Passion of Julius and the Passion of Jesus moves on to Simon of Cyrene.
This is strange. According to Mark, Simon did not bear the cross in Jesus' place but rather lifted it up, erected it. Did Jesus ever come in contact with that cross?
Here again Carotta's lack of research into the scholarly literature shows. Markan language is always carefully chosen and if Mark said "take up his cross" he did so for a reason. Donald Senior (1987,p116) points out that the phrase "take up the cross" is the same in both 8:33-4 and 15:21-22. The writer of Mark is drawing attention to what it means to follow Jesus -- to take up his cross. The connection between 8:34 and 15:21 is that the mention of "cross" in 15:21 is the first time in the Gospel since 8:34. Jesus has managed to make 3 Passion predictions without mentioning the term even once. Clearly, when the writer uses it here, he is sending us a signal. And the signal is not that Jesus is already dead. Carotta is simply playing games with some very serious and complex structural themes in Mark that go back far into the Gospel.
Carotta does this again in the following section, where he re-interprets cross to mean a stake or similar piece of wood. Carotta argues that Greek speakers would not have understood what Mark meant as a cross, but that is rather odd in light of the fact that no one has ever claimed the crucifixion was anything other than a cross-shaped (T-shaped, etc) piece of wood. No one has ever understood it as anything other than a cross and indeed, in the previous section, Carotta has just been arguing that Simon of Cyrene had been lifting up a cross.
sense of: 'was promptly', 'took quickly', 'grasped the opportunity'.
"they divide my garments among them; for my clothing they cast lots."
Scores of scholars have commented on this; it is basic to any understanding of the Passion tale. I was unable to find any reference to it in Carotta.
they heard what had happened.
However, there is no need to posit a direct reliance (Jesus=Julius) even if one accepts the parallel. Perhaps the writer of the passage in Mark had heard of the tale and thought it a proper model.
were fishers'—amphiballontas, êsan gar (h)aleeis.
changes to a miraculous catch—or to fishers of men.
was never comprehensible why the fishermen in the Gospels were called (h)aleeis.
well-known inland lake of the Jordan. Not a sea. No sea, no sailors, no salt.
(H)aleeis and 'Sea of Galilee' do not make sense.
Meier (2001, p194-195n122) observes that Mark uses the same term for "fishers," haleeis, as the LXX. In the OT, he further notes, fishing for humans is a regular metaphor in the context of judgment and destruction (Habakkuk 1:14-17, Amos 4:2).
In other words, the writer of Mark does not derive his story from Caesar, but from an even older source. Carotta either does not know, or ignores, the scholarship.
Who do you believe Jesus was?
Julius Caesar of course! Who else? (Serious now!) I can't think of any other lord who could match the Lord.
they are not the same person! Where in the world did you get the impression that Julius Ceasar did miricales!!
By mentioning Carotta may have willfully ignored some 'knowledge' provided by your 'quotes'every other sentence, you do kinda take the sting out of your rant. Throwing around a couple of quotes from that overrated novel is not gonna cut it. You circumvent any direct attack on what he /did/ say, only by so fervently proclaiming what he did /not/ say. It's a weak defence (because yes, you felt attacked).
Biblical Studies Carnival is up and running!
Was J Caesar Really J Christ?


text:
TICKETS FOR VADIM NESELOVSKYI'S BENEFIT CONCERT FOR THE PEOPLE OF UKRAINE IN CHILLIDA LEKU
By jazzaldia on 23/03/2022 News
The Ukrainian pianist Vadim Neselovskyi will perform at the 57th Jazzaldia on 20 and 21 July presenting his project Odessa Suite. Tickets for the first of the two concerts taking place at the Chillida Leku Museum as a pre-Festival event, on 20 July, are now on sale. Tickets for the second concert will go on sale during the month of April.
A pianist of enormous virtuosity and versatility, composer and improviser, leader of his own bands and valued collaborator, the artist from Ukraine creates pieces of strong personal style, hugely inventive and full of unexpected moments in unique music overflowing with inspiration. In his latest project, Odessa Suite, Neselovskyi tells us about his personal history and relationship with this Ukrainian city as he takes us on an imaginary tour.
Both of the performances given by Vadim Neselovskyi will be fundraising concerts for the people of Ukraine. All proceeds will therefore go to the Chernobil Elkartea Association which has been working since 1996 with the boys and girls of the zone affected by the nuclear disaster and which is also now involved in helping to alleviate the devastating effects of this terrible war.
Share the post "TICKETS FOR VADIM NESELOVSKYI'S BENEFIT CONCERT FOR THE PEOPLE OF UKRAINE IN CHILLIDA LEKU"


text:
Property: Where kings hunted
Dining room in the original 1600's part of house
Clive Tagg
The Old Palace in Royston was once a royal hunting lodge of James I, where he escaped the pressures of court to indulge his passion. Pat Bramley talks to the man who has restored it from a wreck to a property fit for a king
Rear exterior view across the garden
The Windsors wouldn't have been too keen to add The Old Palace at Royston to their property portfolio 20 years ago when it was bought by the present owners. By then it was Grade II listed but the roof was falling in.
But this house with its classic symmetrical Georgian-style frontage has a strong connection to the British royal family, as James I's hunting lodge from the date of his accession to the English throne in 1603 until his death in 1625. In fact, it was while en route from Scotland to London to be crowned king of England – he'd been king of Scotland since the age of one in 1567 – that he saw Royston for the first time when his entourage stopped off to break the journey.
Stepping out of his carriage he may have said something along the lines of 'By Gad. What a damned fine place this is, perfect country for sport and not that far from the capital'.
He was so taken by the sylvan spot in the east of Hertfordshire that he stayed three nights instead of one and vowed to return as soon as matters of state were sorted. That he did. Creating a hunting lodge fit for a king.
The majestic master bedroom
The landmark features of the palace today are the two huge chimneys at the front of the house on the wall facing the road. These were part of the central structure of the original wooden beamed double-gabled building, which projected eight metres into the street. This building, forming two inns, was greatly enlarged by James and clad in brick – which according to a nearby information board was 'because of his great fear of fire.'
Satisfied that his country retreat would suit his needs, the monarch turned his mind to where key members of the court could be accommodated during stays.
Further properties in Kneesworth Street were acquired to house the King's Guard, his equerries, domestic servants, stable boys and horses. Kennels for hunting dogs were built behind the grounds of the lodge in Dog Kennel Lane. James was at the lodge in 1605 when ministers in London were made aware of a plot to topple the government, what would later be known as the Gunpowder Plot, (he was informed of the threat on his return to London on October 31). And it was here at the desk that now stands behind the present owners' elegant pink sofa in the drawing room that he signed the death warrant of Sir Walter Raleigh in 1618.
After James' death, his son Charles I came to Royston less often. Charles' last visit was when he was paraded through the town in 1647 as a prisoner of Cromwell's New Model Army. Two years later the king was executed on a charge of treason and the monarchy abolished.
Fireplace in the master bedroom
After that the royal hunting lodge fell into disrepair. In the early 1700s it was partially altered to facilitate the construction of a turnpike road and by the end of 1866 all properties in Royston owned by the Crown had been sold off.
When Australian civil engineer Peter Franks and his wife Pam discovered The Old Palace for sale in 1994 it had been occupied by sitting tenants and was in a bad way, as Peter explains: 'The rent wasn't enough to maintain it up to scratch so the building had fallen into a shocking state of repair. Masses of water from the roof had come into the kitchen. The day we bought it we had to put on wellies because the water was three inches deep. You could see the sky through gaps in the roof.'
Peter and Pam met in Australia. Pam, originally from England, had gone over as 'a £10 pom' – when the country was so keen to attract immigrants from the UK the cost of passage was cut to ten pounds.
'We came back to Britain and married in the Church of England church in Baldock, then we returned to Australia for a short while but after Pam had our first child, she got homesick for her family – she's one of six – so we came back and I decided to use the move for a change of direction in my career,' Peter says.
First floor sitting room
Instead of using his skills to map out new roads and streets as he did as a civil engineer in Australia, he switched to renovating period properties.
By the time he found The Old Palace he had years of experience as a restorer of houses. But what is arguably Royston's most historic property wasn't going to be a speculative project as most of the others had been, but a family home for the couple and their two teenage children. 'We intended to make it our home, there was never any intention to do it up to make money.
'We couldn't live in the house as it was when we bought it. The priority was to repair the roof. The timbers were pretty average, I guess we replaced three or four rafters The main timbers just needed re-enforcing. After that, all the peg tiles had to be put back.'
Once the roof was rehabilitated, the family moved in and set about restoring the rooms one by one. The house has six bedrooms, two bathrooms and three principal reception rooms. Like all old houses it had been altered and extended several times over the centuries and its history can be read through the character of the rooms.
The kitchen combines old with new
The sitting room on the first floor is where Pam and Peter spend most of their time when it's just the two of them. The drawing room and formal dining room on the ground floor have vast open fireplaces and the two oldest doors in the house. Peter thinks they've probably there since the late 1600s. 'The paneling in the drawing room also dates from the 17th century,' he adds. 'It has early stenciling with wreaths of flowers round the borders. The fireplace in the dining room has a salt cupboard installed by the early owners because salt was expensive and the fireplace was the best place to keep it dry. There's also a study which the family call 'the phone room'.
The farmhouse-style kitchen, with 21st century cooking range in the fireplace recess, is part of a 1904 extension. The original kitchen or butteries were in the building next door. There's also a cellar which has probably been there since the original hunting lodge morphed out of two pubs.
There are four bedrooms and two bathrooms on the first floor and two attic rooms with sloping ceilings at the top of the house, used by the Franks children had when they were growing up.
Just as the house has been ravaged by time, on the family's arrival nature had also re-claimed the garden. 'It was a jungle', Peter says. 'The previous owners wouldn't have been able to get a JCB into the garden at the back, there was no access, but by a coincidence we were renovating barns next door and we owned both boundaries so we were able to get the machinery in that way and clear the garden for landscaping.'
Mr and Mrs Franks
Peter says they have been enormously helped at every stage of the restoration project by Peter Ketteringham, an upholsterer from the town who is a member of the Worshipful Company of Upholders and a Freeman of the City of London.
'He's an expert on period interiors. Before he retired he worked for the National Trust and a string of high calibre clients.' Peter explains. Over the years he has advised Peter and Pam on the décor for the old building and the choice of fabrics for the furnishings. By working together on the house the three have become close friends. The two Peters are both trustees of Royston Museum, and Peter Ketteringham is also chairman of the local history society of which Peter Franks is a member.
Now, with the house fit for a king again, the Franks have been casting around for another place to do up. 'I'm 70 and my wife is a touch behind me. We feel we've got enough life left in us for one last project,' Peter explains. 'It'll be a period house, just not so big, because we no longer need six bedrooms. But we'll enjoy doing it.'
So with that ambition The Old Palace and all its remarkable history is up for sale for £1.3m through William H Brown in Royston.


text:
The 12th Annual Transgender Erotica Awards was a pornographic awards event recognizing the best in transgender pornography form the previous year from  November 16, 2018 – October 1, 2019. Pre-nominations were open from October 2 to October 16, 2019. The public-at-large was able to suggest nominees using an online form. Nominees were announced on January 3, 2020, online on the theteashow.com website, with fan voting opening on the same day. The eligibility period for the fan award was 1 January to 31 December 2019. The awards open to fan voting were the fan award which was open to all and site-specific awards which were open to members of the forums of the specific sites who met specific criteria regarding; a number of postings and a date to have been a member before. The winners were announced during the webcast on May 10, 2020.

Rescheduling of event
The TEA's were originally scheduled to be hosted by Domino Presley at the Avalon Hollywood of March 15, 2020. On March 12 as a result of legal advice following restriction in place on events in excess of 250 people being recommended to be cancelled by Governor of California Gavin Newsom, the event was indefinitely postponed, as a result of the Avalon cancelling all events in March 2020. On April 20, 2020, it was announced that the award show would be held as an online production, broadcast for free on grooby247.com. The awards were presented with winners notified in advance after signing non-disclosure agreements. Each winner gave a pre-recorded acceptance speech. Award trophies were mailed out to recipients after the award show was broadcast.

Winners and nominees
The nominations for the 12th Transgender Erotica Awards were announced online on January 3, 2020, and fan voting opened on the same day, when pre-nominations closed, online on the theteashow.com website. The originally scheduled to be announced during the awards on March 15, 2020, but were later publicly announced on May 10, 2020, during the pre-recorded webcast.

Awards
Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface.

References

Transgender Erotica Awards
Pornographic film awards
21st-century awards
American pornographic film awards
Annual events in the United States
Awards established in 2008
Culture of Los Angeles
Adult industry awards

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Wordpress Menu Description in Dropdown I'm looking to display the Menu Description in the Dropdown for my menu.
I'm using a Nav Menu Walker with a dropdown that supports Bootstrap for my current menu and I have an example of a Nav Menu Walker with just the description.
How would I go about putting the Description into the dropdown links? (Link - description)
Here is the walker with the description:

         $class_names = $value = '';

         $classes = empty( $item->classes ) ? array() : (array) $item->classes;

         $class_names = join( ' ', apply_filters( 'nav_menu_css_class', array_filter( $classes ), $item ) );
         $class_names = ' class="'. esc_attr( $class_names ) . '"';

         $output .= $indent . '
ID . '"' . $value . $class_names .'>';

         $attributes  = ! empty( $item->attr_title ) ? ' title="'  . esc_attr( $item->attr_title ) .'"' : '';
         $attributes .= ! empty( $item->target )     ? ' target="' . esc_attr( $item->target     ) .'"' : '';
         $attributes .= ! empty( $item->xfn )        ? ' rel="'    . esc_attr( $item->xfn        ) .'"' : '';
         $attributes .= ! empty( $item->url )        ? ' href="'   . esc_attr( $item->url        ) .'"' : '';

         $prepend = '';
         $append = '';
         $description  = ! empty( $item->description ) ? ''.esc_attr( $item->description ).'' : '';

         if($depth != 0)
         {
                $description = $append = $prepend = "";
         }

          $item_output = $args->before;
          $item_output .= '';
          $item_output .= $args->link_before .$prepend.apply_filters( 'the_title', $item->title, $item->ID ).$append;
          $item_output .= $description.$args->link_after;
          $item_output .= '';
          $item_output .= $args->after;

          $output .= apply_filters( 'walker_nav_menu_start_el', $item_output, $item, $depth, $args );
          }

}
Here is my current walker:
class wp_bootstrap_navwalker extends Walker_Nav_Menu {

        /* Start of the

         *
         * Note on $depth: Counterintuitively, $depth here means the "depth right before we start this menu".
         *                 So basically add one to what you'd expect it to be
         */
        function start_lvl(&$output, $depth) {
            $tabs = str_repeat("\t", $depth);
            // If we are about to start the first submenu, we need to give it a dropdown-menu class
            if ($depth == 0 || $depth == 1) { //really, level-1 or level-2, because $depth is misleading here (see note above)
                $output .= "\n{$tabs}
\n";
            } else {
                $output .= "\n{$tabs}
\n";
            }

            return;
        }

        /* End of the

         *
         * Note on $depth: Counterintuitively, $depth here means the "depth right before we start this menu".
         *                 So basically add one to what you'd expect it to be
         */
        function end_lvl(&$output, $depth) {
            if ($depth == 0) { // This is actually the end of the level-1 submenu ($depth is misleading here too!)

                // we don't have anything special for Bootstrap, so we'll just leave an HTML comment for now
                $output .= '';
            }
            $tabs = str_repeat("\t", $depth);
            $output .= "\n{$tabs}
\n";

            return;
        }

        /* Output the
 and the containing
         * Note: $depth is "correct" at this level
         */
        function start_el(&$output, $item, $depth, $args) {
            global $wp_query;
            $indent      = ($depth) ? str_repeat("\t", $depth) : '';
            $class_names = $value = '';
            $classes     = empty($item->classes) ? array() : (array)$item->classes;

            /* If this item has a dropdown menu, add the 'dropdown' class for Bootstrap */
            if ($item->hasChildren) {
                $classes[] = 'dropdown';
                // level-1 menus also need the 'dropdown-submenu' class
                if ($depth == 1) {
                    $classes[] = 'dropdown-submenu';
                }
            }

            $prepend     = '';
            $append      = '';
            $description = !empty($item->description) ? '' . esc_attr($item->description) . '' : '';

            if ($depth != 0) {
                $description = $append = $prepend = "";
            }

            /* This is the stock Wordpress code that builds the
 with all of its attributes */
            $class_names = join(' ', apply_filters('nav_menu_css_class', array_filter($classes), $item));
            $class_names = ' class="' . esc_attr($class_names) . '"';
            $output .= $indent . '
ID . '"' . $value . $class_names . '>';
            $attributes = !empty($item->attr_title) ? ' title="' . esc_attr($item->attr_title) . '"' : '';
            $attributes .= !empty($item->target) ? ' target="' . esc_attr($item->target) . '"' : '';
            $attributes .= !empty($item->xfn) ? ' rel="' . esc_attr($item->xfn) . '"' : '';
            $attributes .= !empty($item->url) ? ' href="' . esc_attr($item->url) . '"' : '';
            $item_output = $args->before;

            /* If this item has a dropdown menu, make clicking on this link toggle it */
            if ($item->hasChildren && $depth == 0) {
                $item_output .= '';
            } else {
                $item_output .= '';
            }

            $item_output .= $args->link_before . apply_filters('the_title', $item->title, $item->ID) . $args->link_after;

            /* Output the actual caret for the user to click on to toggle the menu */
            if ($item->hasChildren && $depth == 0) {
                $item_output .= '';
            } else {
                $item_output .= '';
            }

            $item_output .= $args->after;
            $output .= apply_filters('walker_nav_menu_start_el', $item_output, $item, $depth, $args);

            return;
        }

        /* Close the

         * Note: the  is already closed
         * Note 2: $depth is "correct" at this level
         */
        function end_el(&$output, $item, $depth, $args) {
            $output .= '
';

            return;
        }

        /* Add a 'hasChildren' property to the item
         * Code from: http://wordpress.org/support/topic/how-do-i-know-if-a-menu-item-has-children-or-is-a-leaf#post-3139633
         */
        function display_element($element, &$children_elements, $max_depth, $depth = 0, $args, &$output) {
            // check whether this item has children, and set $item->hasChildren accordingly
            $element->hasChildren = isset($children_elements[$element->ID]) && !empty($children_elements[$element->ID]);

            // continue with normal behavior
            return parent::display_element($element, $children_elements, $max_depth, $depth, $args, $output);
        }
    }

A: It is not entirely clear where you want to put the description, but, for example, if you wanted it after the link title, you could do something like the following in your Walker in the start_el function:
Where you currently have:
/* If this item has a dropdown menu, make clicking on this link toggle it */
if ($item->hasChildren && $depth == 0) {
    $item_output .= '';
} else {
    $item_output .= '';
}

$item_output .= $args->link_before . apply_filters('the_title', $item->title, $item->ID) . $args->link_after;

Replace the last line with:
$item_output .= $args->link_before . apply_filters('the_title', $item->title, $item->ID);
$item_output .= ' - ' . $item->description . '';
$item_output .= $args->link_after;

This inserts the menu_item description after the title (like title - description).
If you only want the description on sub-menus, use this variation:
$item_output .= $args->link_before . apply_filters('the_title', $item->title, $item->ID);
if ($depth > 0) {
    $item_output .= ' - ' . $item->description . '';
}
$item_output .= $args->link_after;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Airflow distributed model services Switching from localexecutor to celeryexecutor.
In this model, I have
Masternode1 - airflow webserver, airflow scheduler, rabbitmq
Masternode2 - airflow webserver, rabbitmq
Workernode1 - airflowworker
Workernode2 - airflowworker
Workernode3 - airflowworker

Question:
Where does the Flower service run for celery? Is it required to run that in all nodes or just any one of the nodes (since its only a UI)
Is there any other components trivial to manage a production workload ?
Is using Kafka for broker a reality and available to use ?
Thank you

A: Celery Flower is yet another (optional) service that you may want to independently either on a dedicated machine, or share one machine among few Airflow services.
You may, for an example, run the webserver and flower on one machine, scheduler and few Airflow workers each on a dedicated machine.
Kafka as broker for Celery is something people talk about quite a lot but as far as I know there is no concrete work in Celery for it. However, considering there is an interest to have Kafka support in Kombu, I would assume that the moment Kombu gets Kafka support, Celery soon follow as Kombu is the core Celery dependency.


text:
USMMA
USMMA Athletic Philosophy
USMMA Office of Admissions
Admissions A to Z
Edwin J. O'Hara Hall
James W. Liebertz Gymnasium
O'Hara Hall Pool
Brooks Stadium & Captain James Harvey Tomb Field
Brooks Tennis Courts
Lower Roosevelt Field
Upper Roosevelt Field
Brooks Field House
O'Hara Wrestling Room
O'Hara Strength & Fitness Center
O'Hara Racquetball Courts
Alumni Association & Foundation (AAF) Home
USMMA Mission
USMMA Strategic Plan
Acta Non Verba
National Champions / All-Americans
Skip Prosser Award
Superintendents' Trophy
Roster/Coaches
#16 CLAUSEN, Kyle - 7 games (All games)
date opponent gs ab r h rbi 2b 3b hr bb ibb sb cs hbp sac sf gdp k po a e avg
Mar 13, 2013 at William Paterson * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 .000
Mar 17, 2013 SUSQUEHANNA-2 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 .000
Mar 29, 2013 at Drew University * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .000
04/07/13 at Moravian College * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .000
Apr 14, 2013 CATHOLIC * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .000
Apr 21, 2013 at Juniata College * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 .000
May 10, 2013 at Old Westbury * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .000
Totals 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 .000
#16 CLAUSEN, Kyle - 10 appearances (All games)
date opponent gs ip h r er bb so 2b 3b hr wp bk hbp ibb score w-l sv era np
Mar 06, 2013 vs Anna Maria * 9.0 5 1 0 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 13-1 1-0 0 0.00 105
Mar 13, 2013 at William Paterson * 2.0 4 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3-11 1-0 0 0.82 32
Mar 17, 2013 SUSQUEHANNA-2 * 4.1 12 8 7 2 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 7-8 1-1 0 4.70 75
Mar 22, 2013 SCRANTON * 7.0 8 1 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 13-2 2-1 0 3.63 108
Mar 29, 2013 at Drew University * 7.0 8 3 3 2 6 3 0 0 2 0 2 0 8-3 3-1 0 3.68 85
04/07/13 at Moravian College * 5.1 10 6 6 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 5-8 3-2 0 4.67 -
Apr 14, 2013 CATHOLIC * 4.1 9 7 6 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0-11 3-3 0 5.54 79
Apr 21, 2013 at Juniata College * 7.0 7 0 0 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7-3 4-3 0 4.70 109
Apr 27, 2013 BARUCH * 3.0 7 7 6 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 11-15 4-3 0 5.51 70
May 10, 2013 at Old Westbury * 6.0 5 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 6-3 5-3 0 5.40 85
Totals 10 55.0 75 38 33 21 25 13 1 4 4 0 8 1 73-65 5-3 0 5.40 -
Mar, 07 | Baseball vs. Gene Cusic Classic (March 7-14 - Teams/Times/Locations TBA) (TBA)
Mar, 08 | Baseball vs. Coast Guard (12:00 PM) LS
Mar, 08 | Baseball vs. Coast Guard (3:00 PM) LS
Mar, 09 | Baseball vs. Defiance (12:00 PM)
Mar, 09 | Baseball vs. Defiance (3:00 PM)
Mar, 11 | Baseball vs. Wittenberg (9:00 AM)
Mar, 12 | Baseball vs. Rockford (9:00 AM)
Mar, 13 | Baseball vs. Wooster (12:00 PM)


Who's the energetic face you see jumping up and down on the sidelines and cranking out push-ups in the end zone? That's senior CREW member Naysan Sahba. Known for being excited and getting others hyped up at all times, Naysan shines this season as a leader of the CREW – a group of students with the sole purpose of getting other Dragons pepped up at Carroll sporting events.
During his timebron the CREW, Naysan has learned that he enjoys being a part of a team wherebreach member supports each other. Naysan says being on the CREW is just one way for him to show his Dragon Pride, and to give back to the school that has given him so much.
His pregame ritual? Lots and lots of sweet tea, along with an occasional Advil.
A self-declared math and science nerd, Naysan hopes to pursue an environmental or electrical engineering degree in college, and to put it to use helping others.


Microsoft has released its first preview of Skype Translator, software that can translate language as it is spoken.
The initial release enables real-time translation of English and Spanish, enabling speakers of those languages to chat without needing to understand each other's language.
Further languages are planned to be added soon.
The technology is embedded within Skype; set up a voice or video call with someone who speaks another language and, as you start talking, an audio translation is automatically played.
This video, of a demo carried out between a school in the US and one in Mexico, gives a flavour of what the tech can do.
Gurdeep Pall, Microsoft's corporate vice-president of Skype and Lync, wrote in a blog post: "We've invested in speech recognition, automatic translation and machine learning technologies for more than a decade.
"Skype Translator relies on machine learning, which means that the more the technology is used, the smarter it gets. We are starting with English and Spanish, and as more people use the Skype Translator preview with these languages, the quality will continually improve."
Anyone running the latest version of Windows can register now to download Skype Translator.


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USA: Fashion Act to hold apparel and footwear brands legally accountable for disclosure on environmental & social impacts announced
América Estados Unidos
"New York Could Make History With a Fashion Sustainability Act", 7 January 2022
On Friday, the Fashion Sustainability and Social Accountability Act (or Fashion Act) was unveiled: a bill that, if passed, would make New York the first state in the country to pass legislation that will effectively hold the biggest brands in fashion to account for their role in climate change.
Sponsored by State Senator Alessandra Biaggi and Assemblywoman Anna R. Kelles, and backed by a powerful coalition of nonprofits focused on fashion and sustainability, including the New Standard Institute, the Natural Resources Defense Council and the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance, as well as the designer Stella McCartney, the law will apply to global apparel and footwear companies, with more than $100 million in revenues, doing business in New York.
Specifically, it would require such companies to map a minimum of 50 percent of their supply chain, starting with the farms where the raw materials originate through factories and shipping. They would then be required to disclose where in that chain they have the greatest social and environmental impact when it comes to fair wages, energy, greenhouse gas emissions, water and chemical management, and make concrete plans to reduce those numbers...
Finally, it would require companies to disclose their material production volumes to reveal, for example, how much cotton or leather or polyester they sell. All of that information would also have to be made available online...
Companies would be given 12 months to comply with the mapping directive (18 months for their impact disclosures), and if they are found to be in violation of the law, they would be fined up to 2 percent of their annual revenues. Those fines would go to a new Community Fund administered by the Department of Environmental Conservation and used for environmental justice projects. The New York attorney general would also publish an annual list of companies found to be noncompliant...
The bill will now make its way through Senate and Assembly committees, with the sponsors aiming to bring it to a vote in late spring after state budget negotiations are complete...
USA: Labour & sustainability organisations propose amendments to strengthen Fashion Act
USA: Fashion Act criticised as 'falling short' of driving accountability
USA: Labour rights advocates call for stronger labour provisions & worker involvement in Fashion Act
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Lost Creek State Park (tel. 406/542-5500), a few miles outside of Anaconda, is a great place to camp, hike, or simply sit and admire the scenery. At the end of the road into the park, a short path will take you to pretty Lost Creek Falls, which tumble over a 50-foot drop. There are also mountain goats and bighorn sheep in residence. Several hiking trails lead off from the road. Among the most interesting things here are the rocks. Exposed on the tops of some cliffs is the 1.3-billion-year-old Newman Formation, a Precambrian rock that's among the oldest exposed rocks in the Lower 48 states. This is a primitive park without services (and without charge). There are 25 campsites, suitable mostly for tents and car campers. To get to the park, drive 1 1/2 miles east of Anaconda on Mont. 1, then 2 miles north on County Road 273, then 6 miles west on Lost Creek Road.
The Old Works, 1205 Pizzini Way, Anaconda (tel. 406/563-5989; www.oldworks.org), is a golf course, a work of landscape art, and a symbol of environmental reclamation. The course is built on a Superfund site that had been a blight on the landscape since 1884, when the upper works began to process 500 tons of copper ore daily under Marcus Daly's voracious eye. By 1887, the lower works were necessary because of the demand. The Old Works closed in 1902, when the new Washoe Smelter -- the big tower you can see from anywhere in the valley -- took over all the processing. Jack Nicklaus designed the golf course, a tough but fair layout that even eight-handicappers are willing to play from the white tees. The black sand traps, the old processing works, and the vast, forbidding black tailings piles are all worked beautifully into the layout of the course. This is one of the finest courses not just in Montana, but in America. To reach the course, which is open from mid-May to the end of October, take Commercial Street to North Cedar Street, turn north, then east (right) on Pizzini Way. Greens fees are $29 to $50 for 18 holes per person, depending on the day of week and time of year; cart rentals are $14 per person.
There's also an 18-hole course ($29-$43) at nearby Fairmont Hot Springs Resort. Highland View Golf Course (tel. 406/494-7900), at Stodden Park in Butte, has two separate 9-hole courses: a par 3 ($10) and a regulation ($13).
Spire Rock and the Humbug Spires are the two most popular routes for rock climbers. The Bureau of Land Management (tel. 406/533-7600) can refer guides and provide other climbing information.
From the Continental Divide east of Butte through the mountains to the south, diligent rockhounders can find smoky quartz, amethyst, epidote, and tourmaline. Ask the curator at the Mineral Museum on the Montana Tech campus for leads on local hot spots. The Butte Mineral and Gem Club, P. O. Box 4492, Butte, MT 59702, has mining claims on Crystal Park about 70 miles southwest of Butte that are free and open to the public. From Butte go south on I-15 and west on Mont. 43; just past Wise River, turn south on the Pioneer Mountains Scenic Byway and drive about 20 miles to Crystal Park.
In addition to Discovery Ski Area, Butte visitors are within range of Maverick Mountain.
Call the Butte office of the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest (tel. 406/494-2147; www.fs.fed.us/r1/b-d) for information on nearby trails, most of which explore the Georgetown Lake area. The four major trail systems are Carp Ridge, which terminates at the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness boundary; Echo Lake, at the midpoint of Georgetown Lake and Discovery Ski Area; Peterson Meadows, a popular spot for cookouts and picnics; and Red Lion Racetrack Lake, with ridge-top views of surrounding peaks.


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Built in the 1720s for Great Britain's first Prime Minister, Sir Robert Walpole, this is one of England's finest Palladian houses. A collaboration between the two defining British architects of the age, Colen Campbell and James Gibbs, and with lavish interiors by William Kent, Houghton reflects the wealth, taste, and power of its owner. During his life, Walpole amassed one of the greatest collections of European art in Britain, and Houghton became a museum to the collection. It also has stunning gardens and parklands, which features some renowned landscape architecture and sculptures, with new works exhibited annually. For more information see their website
5 miles (10 minutes drive) from West Heath Barn. PE31 6UE
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Article Posted 1 June 2021
Pride 2021 Guest Blog: Reflections on Literary Representation
Katie Bastiman (2016, French and Italian) is currently studying for an MSt in Modern Languages and is one of the Somerville MCR's LGBTQ+ Officers. Here she joins us to consider the resonant contributions made by LGBTQ+ voices to the canon of Western Literature.
Pride month is a celebratory occasion with a serious history, originating as it did as a tribute to those who were involved in the Stonewall Riots. Today being the first day of Pride Month 2021, it seems like a good moment (before our celebrations begin in earnest) to reflect on the work that has been done by incredible figures throughout history to represent LGBTQ+ voices. It is also an opportunity to look around us and see the impact of that work on our lives today.
Historically, LGBTQ+ voices have often been concealed or erased. And yet they are still out there, contributing to the rich tapestry of our shared cultural heritage. During the four years of my undergraduate degree in French and Italian, I only encountered one body of work in which I found representation of same-sex desire which really resonated with me. This was in Michelangelo's lyric poetry: despite being best known for sculptures such as the "David", Michelangelo was also a poet, and many of his rather amorous works are addressed to another man, Tommaso da' Cavalieri.
I read a large number of books during my undergraduate degree, ranging from medieval texts to the modern day, and whilst there may have been gay characters in other works that I studied, or biographical evidence suggesting that certain authors experienced same-sex attraction, Michelangelo's poetry stood out to me. When he writes lines like "Heaven does not exist where you are not" ("che 'I ciel non edove non siate voi") in a madrigal which we know was sent to another man, it gives me as the modern-day reader the opportunity to see a little of my community's history, right there on the page.
It's a reminder that we have always been here and have contributed enormously to the developments of history and culture. This LGBTQ+ History month, I am grateful for the contributions of those who have come before us, and for the hard work and dedication from incredible individuals which have resulted in great steps forward for the LGBTQ+ community.
Daniele da Volterra portrait of Michelangelo
Various guises of Tommaso da' Cavalieri 1


Catoctin Mountains, MD (July 18, 2011) - Studio 22, an award-winning design and strategic communications firm for active lifestyle brands, today announced the addition of customized, environmentally-friendly branded merchandise presentation solutions to their new and existing client service capabilities.
Long gone are the days of bulk printing and mass shipping. Eryn Willard, principal of Studio 22, saw a need to provide custom ordering and printing options for the brand development materials and sales literature that her agency creates for their clients.
Willard responded by creating custom and environmentally-friendly retail branding programs. Studio 22's capabilities enable retailers to directly order the exact quantities of printed POP, signage and shelf talkers that can be reasonably used.
Studio 22's environmentally-friendly printing and fulfillment are made possible by a partnership with McArdle, a printing house in Upper Marlboro, MD, that Studio 22 has worked with for 2 years. By logging on to the Studio 22 portal, retailers can order the specific pieces they need to display the brand's merchandise. The shipment is then sent directly to their store, eliminating the client's need to be involved. The paper used is Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified, and inks are biodegradable, safe and certified soy inks. All shipping materials are recycled.
This ordering method is a significant advantage to specialty stores that have different needs than larger chain retailers, as well as to clients who are invested in mitigating their environmental footprint.
Known for creating powerhouse brand development materials (including launch packages and identity design) and sales literature (including dealer workbooks, product catalogs and line sheets), Studio 22's sustainability capabilities are also available for their new creative services. Effective immediately, Studio 22 now offers complete design and development of POP signage and displays, plan-o-grams and extensive retail merchandising plans. The new offerings complement the current brand development materials, creating a continuous message for the end-user and a consistent brand image and awareness at the retail level.
For more information on Studio 22's new capabilities and to learn about environmentally-friendly printing and fulfillment, please visit www.studio20two.com.
Founded in 2005, Studio 22 is an award-winning strategic communications firm that creates innovative branding and enhances retail presentation and performance for active lifestyle brands in the outdoor, bike and snow sports industries. For more street (and trail) cred, please visit www.studio20two.com.


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Home/Entertainment/Biden is slammed for still allowing flights from South Africa to land in the US
Biden is slammed for still allowing flights from South Africa to land in the US
President Joe Biden is being slammed for still allowing flights from South Africa to land in the US as his top health expert said he 'wouldn't be surprised' if the new super mutant variant Omicron strain was already in US after one-in-ten passengers who landed in Holland from Johannesburg had Covid.
'It has a large number of mutations, particularly in that area of the virus that relates to its ability to bind to the cells in your nasal pharynx and in your lung,' Fauci told the Today Show Saturday morning.
Fauci's concerns about 'transmissibility' come as Biden has imposed a ban on travelers from from eight African countries – Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Lesotho, Eswatini, Mozambique and Malawi – which won't go into effect until Monday.
US citizens and green card holders from other regions of South Africa will still be allowed to travel to the US.
The CDC has yet to identify any cases of the new Covid strain in the US but the UK has said there two people have been diagnosed with the Omicron variant.
'In South Africa – even though the numbers are relatively small – its ability to infect people who have recovered from infection, and even people who have been vaccinated, make us say: "This is something you gotta pay really close attention to. And be prepared for something that's serious,"' Fauci said.
The president spent Thanksgiving in Nantucket for a break with his family, where he decided after a 30-minute conversation with Fauci and his team that travel will be banned from Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Lesotho, Eswatini, Mozambique and Malawi.
Passengers waited on their Covid test results at Schiphol Airport, in Amsterdam, the Netherlands last night
Passengers from KLM flight KL598 from Cape Town, South Africa wait to be screened at Amsterdam Airport, the Netherlands, yesterday
What do we know about the Omicron variant?
Scientists have said they are concerned about the B.1.1.529 variant, named by the World Health Organization as Omicron, as it has around 30 different mutations – double the amount present in the Delta variant. The mutations contain features seen in all of the other variants but also traits that have not been seen before.
UK scientists first became aware of the new strain on November 23 after samples were uploaded on to a coronavirus variant tracking website from South Africa, Hong Kong and then Botswana.
On Friday, it was confirmed that cases had been identified in Israel and Belgium but currently there are no known cases in the UK.
Professor Adam Finn, a member of the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization (JCVI), told Good Morning Britain on Friday that sequencing is being carried out around the UK to determine if any cases have already been imported.
Work is also under way to see whether the new variant may be causing new infection in people who have already had coronavirus or a vaccine, or whether waning immunity may be playing a role.
Professor James Naismith, director of the Rosalind Franklin Institute in Oxford, has said the new variant will 'almost certainly' make vaccines less effective, though they would still offer protection.
Pfizer/BioNTech, which has produced a vaccine against Covid-19, is already studying the new variant's ability to evade vaccines.
Covid-19 UK: Two cases of super-mutant Omicron variant are detected in Britain
Psychotherapist says having confidence in bed makes your more attractive
Antonio Banderas puts his stunning Surrey home on the market for £2.95million
There May Be an Oscar Nomination in Beyoncé's Near Future
Hayley Leake WINS Australian Survivor: Brains v Brawn
Michelle Keegan stuns in a chic bandeau top as she attends party with husband Mark Wright
Grocery prices are expected to rise another 3% before the end of the year, Kroger warns
Love Island's Jess and Eve Gale flaunt their enviable curves in an array of skimpy bikinis
Antifa members supporting BLM clash with white supremacist group America First at rally in NYC
Willow Smith Is Poised For the Pop-Punk Crown in New Collab With Avril Lavigne
FDA says Moderna can fill its vials with 40% more COVID-19 vaccine
Home Alone star Devin Ratray arrested on domestic violence charges
Katie Price brands Ulrika Jonsson 'haggard' as she hits back at star's cosmetic surgery comments
History: X-ray scans uncover hidden messages shared between Marie Antoinette and her rumoured lover
Nicole O'Brien debuts her new fiery red hair for her 26th birthday celebrations
Nearly two dozen Blue Origin employees accuse Jeff Bezos of ignoring safety, toxic workplace


I think I never really introduced myself on this blog . This is me 🙂 in Golden ,Colorado on a road trip . I usually work a little bit even if we are on the road . Stamping equipment is easy to take with you and easy to set up . My hubby was mountain biking for a couple of hours sohe dropped me off at one of the pars in Golden .
I was born in the late 70's in Leipzig , East Germany. When I turned 12, the Berlin Wall came down and a whole new world opened. I finished school in my home city and also went to Nursing school there. After moving to a different city in Germany, I met my husband of now 9 years on the internet, of all places. He is from New Jersey and we decided to move there. I am always up for an adventure so off we went. Because I was a nurse from a foreign country, it was not easy to get a license and work. I was prepared to go back to school all over again in the US to become a registered nurse. ( I had worked for 4 years in Germany as registered nurse ). My hubby "shopped" around and called almost every state in the USA to see where it would be easiest for me to find work without going back to school and, voila! New Mexico appeared on the radar.
New Mexico accepted my translated license and gave me a brand spanking new one after I passed ( with flying colors ) my NCLEX (which is like the bar exam for a lawyer). And then we moved again … to New Mexico…..
I won't bore you with my life too much. We came back in the summers to New Jersey to visit my in-laws and to have be closer to my parents in Germany. (Yes, I took the summers off.) I painted and went to a pottery class in 2008. Next to the building where the pottery classes were held was a small work shop occupied by a little old lady who was a Metalsmith. She made beautiful things in sterling silver and with sparkling gemstones and – lucky for me – she taught classes, too.
That is when it began. She showed me how to make a ring and a bracelet from the beginning and how to handle a torch. Needless to say , I love fire!
In short , I was hooked!
I started out as a small hobby shop in the garage in our house in New Mexico making small pieces and selling them at the local farmers market. I did not sell a huge amount but it was fun and I met awesome, wonderful people and made a couple of friends. One of them introduced me to Etsy, and I opened my shop here in 2009. I was still working as a nurse at that point and saw the site as a nice venue to sell some of my work.
Last year in September, my husband "took over" my shop (so to speak) and tried to make it nice for me. My native language is German and so my descriptions were not the best. "This is a sterling silver flower necklace " – well, you get the picture. He took new photos and revamped my store, giving me a lot more time to create and make and build up my shop inventory.
December of 2011 was the first month on Etsy where I could say, "Hey, this is a real business and I am making money. Maybe, just maybe, I could do this full- time." I could and I did. In February of 2012, I made this my full time job. I also started making guitar picks out of sterling, aluminum, bronze and copper. Making them from scratch, starting with a blank sheet of metal, cutting the shape out, filing and deburring, stamping, patina and finally polishing the picks is gratifying, especially because I know people will cherish my little picks and play music with them.


PROMOTION chasing Long Whatton 2nd XI slipped to a disappointing defeat against Willoughby on the Wolds much like their 1st XI.
Skipper Paul Lester once again lost the toss and was asked to field but despite wanting to bat the Whatton bowlers made a good start taking three wickets early on.
This included a quality catch behind the stumps by Pete Haskey off the bowling of Harry Miles, who had previously ran out the other opener as well.
The main partnership in the Willoughby knock came in the middle innings, despite giving a few chances Johnson and Hawkins put on 59 for the fourth wicket. During this stand they had to contend with a tight bowling spell by Paul Woolley who bowled 12 overs for 12 runs and also took two wickets.
Willoughby eventually finished 157 for 6 which did not seem enough.
Even though the total was small to chase the Whatton batsmen struggled from the start and regularly lost wickets.
Indeed they found themselves 83 for 6 at one point.
Opener Mark Taylor managed to spend some time at the crease as he top scored with 35, while junior Tom Freestone and fast bowler David Fairbrother both had enterprising innings' of 24 and 25 respectively but the Whatton reply fell short at 144.


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An initiative continuing in fall 2021 and spring 2022, which will be sponsored by the Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research (SABER) and will be focused on promoting awareness, understanding and commitment to change academic biology environments to be more inclusive. All 1-hour sessions will be virtual and administered through Zoom; sessions will be recorded and posted on the SABER website below this. This series will be co-sponsored by the SEISMIC Collaboration, and the ASU RISE Center.
Please click here for our full event flyer.
Past talks
Understanding oppression faced by Asian Americans
Sapna Cheryan, PhD, University of Washington
Thursday, September 16th, 2021, 9 am PT
Video recording | Presentation slides
The meaning beyond the words: How language, race, & culture impact science teaching & learning
Bryan Brown, PhD, Stanford University
Thursday, October 21st, 2021, 9 am PT
Video recording | Q&A
Mapping the terrain of othering: Religious, gendered, and racial exclusion on historically white campuses
Kameelah Mu'Min Rashad, PhD, Muslim Wellness Foundation
Keon M. McGuire, PhD, Arizona State University
Thursday, November 18th, 2021, 9 am PT
Effective, culturally responsive mentorship
Angela Byars-Winston, PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Thursday, January 20th, 2022, 9 am PT
Video recording | Q&A | Additional resources
Reframing equity in STEM education with historically minoritized communities: Seeding rightful presence
Edna Tan, PhD, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Thursday, February 10th, 2022, 9 am PT
Video recording | Q&A | Resource 1, resource 2, resource 3
Creating a culture of access in academic biology: A focus on disability
(unfortunately this event has been cancelled)
M. Remi Yergeau, PhD, University of Michigan
Thursday, March 17th, 2022, 9 am PT
This series is sponsored by SABER and these co-sponsors:
An initiative in spring 2021 sponsored by the Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research (SABER) focused on promoting awareness, understanding and commitment to change academic biology environments to be more inclusive. All 1-hour sessions were virtual and administered through Zoom; sessions were recorded and posted on the SABER website below. This series was co-sponsored by Arizona State University's HHMI Inclusive Excellence Project, the SEISMIC Collaboration, the Community College BIO INSITES, and the ASU RISE Center.
Click here for a flyer with all of the events, dates, and Zoom links.
If you would like all the events added to your calendar, please click here.
Interrogating the center of STEM education
Cynthia Bauerle, PhD, James Madison University
Thursday, January 21st, 9 am PT
Video Recording, Presentation Slides, Post-talk Q&A
Addressing students' basic needs with a culture of caring during the pandemic
Sara Goldrick-Rab, PhD, Temple University
Thursday, February 4th, 9 am PT
Structural racism, institutional transformation, and diversifying the STEM faculty
Kimberly Griffin, PhD, University of Maryland
Thursday, February 18th, 9 am PT
The influence of kindness and community in broadening participation
Mica Estrada, PhD, UC San Francisco
Thursday, March 4th, 9 am PT
Video Recording, Presentation Slides, Post-talk Q&A-1, Post-talk Q&A-2
Systemic disadvantages for LGBTQ professionals in STEM
Erin Cech, PhD, University of Michigan
Thursday, March 18th, 9 am PT
Disability culture in the academy: Stories, lessons & research
Anjali Forber-Pratt, PhD, Vanderbilt University
Thursday, April 1st, 9 am PT
Land of milk and "honey": Confronting gendered experiences in field research
Katie Hinde, PhD, Arizona State University
Thursday, April 15th, 9 am PT
Video Recording, Presentation Slides, Post-talk Q&A, Post-talk Q&A Additional, Additional Resources
Nature-culture relations and engaging multiple ways of knowing
Megan Bang, PhD, Northwestern University
Beyond information: Walking the path of truth, reconciliation, and liberation to make academic biology more inclusive
Mays Imad, PhD, Pima Community College
Thursday, May 13th, 9 am PT
An initiative sponsored by the Society for the Advancement in Biology Education Research (SABER) focused on promoting awareness, understanding and commitment to change academic biology environments to be more inclusive and strive for racial justice in STEM education.
This 7-part series in 2020 included four discussions and three research seminars with the intended audience of biologists and biology education researchers.
All 1-hour sessions were virtual and administered through Zoom; sessions were recorded and posted below for viewing afterwards. We are excited that speakers were compensated for their time and this event was co-sponsored by Arizona State University's HHMI Inclusive Excellence Project, SEISMIC Collaboration, and University of California Santa Barbara.
Race REALLY matters. Discussion.
Thursday, August 27, 11 am central
David Asai, PhD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Full flyer
Actionable steps toward equity in STEM. Discussion.
Thursday, September 10, 12 pm central
Starlette Sharp, Penn State University,
John Matsui, PhD, UC Berkeley
Lessons from a hot spring: Authentic transformation in the higher education classroom. Discussion.
Monday, September 21, 11 am central
Bryan Dewsbury, PhD, University of Rhode Island
Language matters: Considering racial microaggressions in science. Discussion
Thursday, October 8, 1:30 pm central
Colin Harrison, PhD, Georgia Tech
Kimberly Tanner, PhD, San Francisco State University
But is it really "just" science? Engaging critical race theory to unpack racial oppression with implications for Black student science engagement. Seminar.
Wednesday, October 21, 11 am central
Terrell Morton, PhD, University of Missouri
Video Recording, Presentation, Post-talk Q&A
Black women and belongingness: An interrogation of STEM education as a white, patriarchal space. Seminar.
Thursday, November 19, 2 pm central
Luis Leyva, PhD, Vanderbilt University
Nicole Joseph, PhD, Vanderbilt University
An exploratory investigation of the experiences of Black immigrant women in undergraduate STEM. Seminar.
Tuesday, December 1, 2 pm central
Meseret Hailu, PhD, Arizona State University
Brooke Coley, PhD, Arizona State University
SEE THE FLYER FOR ALL 7 EVENTS HERE.
Diversity & Inclusion Action Group on Place and Racial Justice
In addition to the Diversity & Inclusion Committee, in spring 2020, SABER convened an Action Group on Place and Racial Justice. This group worked to (1) identify the issues of "place" that confer a sense of safety, or lack thereof, to our members identifying as People of Color and (2) assess actions that SABER and SABER members can take to promote awareness of and action surrounding racial justice in whatever place we select to meet with one another going forward.
During the Virtual 2020 SABER Annual Conference, SABER undertook a racial justice self study. Dr. Kecia Thomas, Professor of Industrial/Organizational Psychology and African-American Studies, the founding director of the Center for Research and Engagement in Diversity, and the Senior Associate Dean of Franklin College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Georgia, facilitated the self-study. Learn more about this process and the results in these videos from the conference.
Watch a keynote address by Dr. Thomas here.
Watch a summary of the results from the self-study here.
Watch a report on plans for the future based on the self-study here.
SABER's Statement of Solidarity with the Black Community
The Black community in the United States deserves to feel safe no matter where they are. However, events in recent weeks remind us how systemic racism and biases threaten that safety. We as an academic community stand in solidarity with the Black community against these tragic injustices, and we are committed to finding ways to ensure our community is safe and welcoming. As a biology education organization, we are specifically committed to supporting our students and colleagues who are in pain and hurting because of these senseless acts of violence against Black Americans.
Since its inception, SABER has been graciously hosted by the University Minnesota-Twin Cities in Minneapolis. However, as a society, we need to reckon with our lack of awareness and action pertaining to the longstanding racial injustices across the country, and particularly in Minneapolis - injustices that resulted in the murder of George Floyd and violence against countless other Black Americans. One of the stated goals of our organization is to "strive for an inclusive community", part of which requires us to better understand and respond to the ways in which these longstanding racial injustices impact the lives of our students, members and colleagues. Moving forward, we commit as a society to educating ourselves and taking anti-racist action in the places where we convene, whether that be in Minneapolis or elsewhere. Furthermore, we will fight against systemic racism to better understand the potential struggles of our students and colleagues, particularly if we do not share their racial identities.
A first step to address these injustices is to increase our understanding of these inequalities and how our own biases are potentially contributing to these issues. We have compiled a suite of resources that can help us:
Suggested Articles:
75 Things White People Can Do for Racial Justice
White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack
Who Gets to Be Afraid in America?
The American Nightmare
Scientists push against barriers to diversity in the field sciences
Seeing white
For additional anti-racism books, podcasts, and articles, click here.
SABER Executive Committee and SABER Diversity and Inclusion Committee
SABER Financially Pressures Minnesota to End Police Brutality
The Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research (SABER), a national organization of researchers dedicated to improving the teaching and learning of post-secondary biology, took a stand today with protesters across the country calling for the end of police brutality. For eight years, SABER has held its annual meetings in Minneapolis and over the years it has brought in thousands of visitors to the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities in Minneapolis. Today SABER sent letters to the Governor of Minnesota, the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce and many others informing them that the Society would no longer hold their conference in Minnesota until the state has demonstrated a commitment to racial justice:
"We need to see tangible evidence of action for justice for Mr. Floyd and of changes in Minnesota law enforcement. Such changes would include de-escalation training for police, firing of police who violate human rights, and implicit bias training for all government officials, police, and other public servants. These actions will allow its citizens of color to feel protected, not threatened, by police. We need to see the requests, needs and perspectives of your Black communities in Minneapolis and Minnesota honored."
The full letter can be found here.
In addition to leveraging its financial resources to stand with protesters, SABER recognizes that as a professional society they also have internal work to do. They have announced initiatives to educate their own members about white privilege and systemic racism and assess additional actions they can take to promote racial justice both in biology classrooms and at their meetings. They have also formed a new committee to assess possible locations for their conference that 'confer[s] a sense of safety to [their] members.'
The SABER Diversity & Inclusion Committee welcomes all SABER members interested in contributing to SABER's efforts around diversity, equity, inclusion, and anti-racism.
Contact the committee chairs for more information.
Sara Brownell (sbrownel@asu.edu)
Colin Harrison (colin.harrison@biosci.gatech.edu)


The Manufacturing and Service Operations Management (MSOM) Society announced at its annual meeting June 28 in Dallas, Texas, that Burak Kazaz, Steven Becker Professor of Supply Chain Management at the Martin J. Whitman School of Management, has been named new chair of the iFORM Special Interest Group (SIG). The iFORM SIG is one of five special interest groups within MSOM. Focusing on the interface of finance, operations and risk management, it operates under the academic community, INFORMS.
As the new chair, Professor Kazaz will be responsible for organizing and hosting all the tracks for talks involving the area at INFORMS and MSOM conferences. He will also help the community in selecting the best paper awards.
Kazaz has been a leader and a contributor to the iFORM field, organizing events and publishing articles. His work in global supply chain planning under exchange-rate risk is highly cited in academic publications and has found many applications in industry. He is also known as the founder of the "wine analytics" field, investigating how winemakers can reduce their risks by selling their wine in advance of bottling in the form of wine futures. His research has been beneficial for wine futures pricing decisions of winemakers and has influenced the purchasing decisions between futures and bottled wine for distributors. Professor Kazaz's work on estimating the release price of Bordeaux wine futures using weather, market and tasting reviews has been featured by the fine wine stock market, Liv-ex.