Journalism can never be silent. Its fundamental nature is to speak, to inform. Traditionally, news sources were limited, and newspapers were completely dependent on a reporter's sources to get a newsworthy story. However, times have changed. Today, everybody is recognizing the power of the people. The rise of this power has wrought changes whenever it has sprung up, and the media hasn't been able to escape its effects either. The exact opposite is true, in fact, because the media has embraced this power and used it to give birth to a new form of journalism – citizen journalism.
Citizen journalism refers to the collective action of non-professionals playing an operational role in the process of acquisition, analysis and dissemination of news and information. The concept behind citizen journalism is that common people, through the wonders of who can use modern technology, share their stories and those of the society around them without any professional journalism training.
These enterprising individuals publicize this information using social media, blogs and websites. Citizen journalism has become a worldwide phenomenon, this despite reservations regarding the lack of formal training and the absence of reliability that goes with it. Today, citizens who witness anything newsworthy use smartphones, tablets and other mobile digital paraphernalia to provide instant coverage in text, photos, audio and video formats. This means no matter what the incident, if it happens anywhere close to civilization, chances are it will be captured and shared.
While citizen journalism as a concept has been around for a few decades now, there have been several explosions of this moment worldwide in more recent times.
Take South Korea (circa 2000) as an example – a country whose citizens were frustrated with the news coverage provided by the prominent mainstream media. Oh Yeon-ho, an online entrepreneur, came up with a solution – he declared that every citizen is a reporter. This wasn't an idle declaration either, as Oh and his colleagues started an online newspaper, dissatisfied as they were with the South Korean press. 'User-generated content' was the fuel that fired this website, OhmyNews, for years to follow, and runs successfully to this day. You can see them here (English) and here (Korean).
The 2010 earthquake in Haiti saw another wave of citizen journalism where the whole world had access to real-time updates (allowing for more concentrated search and rescue operations among other things).
The socio-economic Occupy Wall Street protest of 2011 also received worldwide coverage, thanks mainly to citizen journalism.
Then there is the Arab Spring that spanned 2010-2012 that had received major citizen journalism impetus, as did the Euromaidan protests in Kiev in 2014.
Other notable examples of recent times are the 'Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently' movement in Iraq, and the Ferguson unrests in the US both of which were brought to the public eye through efforts of the local populace.
These are not isolated examples either, because the internet has given rise to thousands of news sites and millions of bloggers across the globe. In fact, such has been the profligacy of internet-based citizen journalism portals that traditional news media have had to scamper to catch up and create separate sections on their websites where readers and the public at large can contribute with local news.
All of this was but a distant dream in the days before the internet. News publishing technology could only be accessed directly by fulltime journalists, and the citizenry was limited to a "Letters to the Editor" section in the newspapers where only a small portion of cherry-picked opinions were allowed to enter into print. High-speed access to the web, and devices that allow access to them anywhere and anytime have now turned news dispensation into a global phenomenon.
After all, the internet is not restricted by international boundaries.
Despite the global reach of the internet, it has also afforded local and niche news a place in the limelight. Community portals, small sectional and regional news sites and other such efforts have altered the news presentation dynamics.
Citizen journalism is also a great way to gauge the mood and the feelings of the crowd. While there is an inherent bias in these reports, they do represent the views of the people, as opposed to those of a single editorial team, and give everyone consuming this news an idea of what these views are.


text:
The Praying Mantis & the Snake
These were some of the Life Insights gained from an intriguing encounter between a Praying Mantis and a Snake. Who will win for survival?
We watched the snake slide up the branch towards the Praying Mantis, with an arrogant intent, believing the contest to be one-sided in its favor because of its size. The snake was unprepared for the skills, strategies, and capabilities possessed by its competition.
So the first life insight gained was to be careful not to take on more than you can chew.
The snake did not do its homework and in ignorance, like us sometimes, did not have a plan B, or other strategies 'under its skin'.
The Praying Mantis was ready for the attack and used its strong forearms to pin down the snake.
A discussion ensued about how the praying mantis had 'done it's homework' in terms of being able to face and conquer its attacker. Similarly, it is important for us to know our limitations and strengths when we assess our competition. The threat may not always be outside of us, sometimes it comes from within - how we use our time or prioritize our daily tasks.
In spiritual language, the snake is often symbolized as satan or evil. The praying mantis as what its name says - prayerful and watchful in intent.
There was intent not to spiritualize this interaction but a reflection on how through the energy of prayer we can take on that which seems way bigger than we are. A second spiritual thought evolved as the praying mantis began to eat the snake even before it was dead. We too need to act in faith as if something is done, and it will be - in this situation the final demise and death of the snake/enemy.
THE HUTER BECOMES THE HUNTED

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


San Antonio police are at the scene of an officer-involved shooting at the Embassy Suites hotel in downtown on Tuesday, April 24, 2018.
Police on Tuesday fatally shot a man armed with a .45 caliber pistol who was trying to break into rooms at the Embassy Suites hotel in downtown San Antonio, officials said.
Hotel staff initially encountered the suspect, a man in his 40s, around 5:15 a.m. in the lobby. He ran to the second floor, then took an elevator to the fifth floor, where he tried unsuccessfully to force his way into a room, police said.
Around 6:15 a.m., the San Antonio Police Department's bike patrol and park police divisions confronted the man on the seventh floor and the situation escalated.
San Antonio Police Chief William McManus said it is unclear if the suspect ever raised his weapon or fired at the officers, "but they felt compelled to use deadly force."
McManus said the man didn't appear to be a guest at the hotel or know anyone staying there. He was wearing work boots and had plaster residue on him, authorities said.
Authorities have blocked off the seventh floor of the hotel as they investigate the shooting. Police officers are escorting any visitors staying on the floor to and from the area.
"We've tried to make it as least inconvenient as we can for the guests that are staying here," McManus said.
Jack Nevarez was in a room on the fifth floor of the hotel at the time of the shooting. He said earlier that morning he was preparing himself for the day when he heard someone "yowling."
He dismissed it as a couple fighting, but shortly thereafter, the gunshots rang out.
"It was like deer hunting season," said Nevarez, who was visiting San Antonio from Las Cruces, New Mexico.
No guests were injured in the shooting and hotel staff are fully cooperating with police in their investigation, McManus said.


•	Implement Electrical engineering tasks and schedules in compliance with project timelines, cost and quality objectives and supervise all electrical works for an assigned project.
•	Execute Electrical Engineering tasks and activities as per guidelines and controls including site specific purchasing activities so that all relevant procedural requirements are fulfilled for delivering quality solutions on the assigned project.
•	Track and record all onsite electrical requirements as per technical specifications and cost estimations and monitor allocation of work to contractors and sub-contractors.
•	Work with Project Managers to monitor progress on key performance indicators and critical parameters and provide appropriate guidelines for subcontractors.
•	Follow guidelines and systems for reporting at project sites to help onsite engineers, track progress, project costs and quality.
•	Support Project Managers/Construction Managers on a daily basis to progress work as per plan, monitor for variances and assist in corrective action with matters concerning electrical engineering.
•	Follow standardized guidelines for day to day quality checks and site inspections and define address all electrical issues, problems, disputes and client concerns.
•	Ensure appropriate usage and application of the Project Management System (PMS) with respect to entry and analysis of work related data for day to day functioning to facilitate seamless communication of all relevant (technical/non-technical) information across the organization on a real time basis for maximum effectiveness.
•	Ensure that standard electrical systems are applied and ensure consistent and high quality 'QPM work experience' to consultants, contractors and clients on assigned project sites on a daily basis.
•	Progress the work of all electrical engineering activities and operations based on project specifications and plans and within stipulated safety norms at a specific project site.
•	Advise and monitor onsite subcontractors for installation of power Sub Station and Distribution works, UPS, BMS systems and other electrical engineering activities as required.
•	Serve as the focal point for all daily matters concerning design, quality and documentation of electrical works.
•	Develop and monitor daily conformance with the provisions of the project specifications, contract documents on an assigned QPM construction site.
•	Acquire a detailed understanding of contract documents (drawings and specifications), phasing plans, systems interrelationships, construction sequencing, and project schedules to support project managers in timely completion of project.
•	Review and resolve day to day contractors' claims and complaints related to electrical work as may arise during construction and ensure that Subcontractors adhere to HSE regulations on the assigned project.
•	Direct and control the activities of electrical subcontractor to ensure alignment with QPM procedures/service agreements and also ensure that MEP subcontractors provide technical submittals/ relevant documentation/records.
•	Assist in the testing and commissioning of electrical systems and oversee repairs of all electrical faults.
•	Assist project teams in negotiations with contractors regarding the value of claims or changes in schedules and prepare recommendations on claims - approval or rejection on assigned projects.
•	Work with project team for carrying out various tasks such as documentation, MIS and project monitoring activities.
•	Assist in development of RFPs/Tenders by QPM as part of the procurement process for assigned project.
•	Coordinate with Project Managers, Construction Managers (onsite) to collate and analyze periodic reports to help MEP managers understand project performance against plans and drive remedial actions.
•	Collaborate with other construction engineering disciplines to enhance QPM's overall solution.
•	Keep abreast with latest innovations in the electrical engineering discipline.
•	Obtain and communicate day to day feedback of electrical works and use the same to make appropriate modifications.
•	Maintain awareness of industry trends, methodologies, tools and best practices in project cost management.
•	Adopt and adapt good practices from the industry into projects to ensure continuous improvement and upgrades.


Plenty of you can believe it truly is very clear to identify your web-site after your domain name, nevertheless you'll be taken aback to realize that not necessarily each site is branded after the domain name no matter if the website owner is the owner of that web address.
Naming a web-site after its domain name is essential, for the basic justification that while customers ponder of your website, they will consider it by name. If it turns out your name is also your Web url (ie, web address), they'll quickly be aware of where to go. To illustrate, while individuals look into myonlinecasino.com, they don't need to question what url to input into their browser to be able to reach it. The designation of the online site is additionally the URL.
In the modern community of the Web-based, where regular people instantly turn to the World-wide-web for facts, it is really extraordinarily rewarding to possess a designation for your web site that shows the trade you are accomplishing. So that you ensure it is effortless on your client. In addition to that, you need not truly think that they will attempt to never forget an redundant Page name basically for the reason that you require them to, do you? The only individuals who'll devote it to memory are actually your competing websites who wish to compare your charges.
Commonly used Labels Or Product Name Extensions?
I do know that a number of folks seem to think that your web site domain genuinely has to be some common designation similar to "newcars.com" if you find yourself promoting cars. Witness, just to illustrate, just how much funds these common brands are being sold for. Yet somehow seriously, as long as you ended up being in the market for a car, you will without doubt already have got many types in mind, furthermore you're more like to go for adreses such as generalmotors.com or toyota.com instead of solely cars.com.
That is why I really put forward to pretty much all my customers to be steady while selecting a website name. The exact designation that you employ to promote your own product or service is actually the term that you will prefer for your current website address, because of the fact that that may be the first thing which people will attempt in their internet browser. This unique idea additionally makes it quite enjoyable to just remember, and what ever that is very easily recollected, will probably be most likely to be tried out as compared to the unclear name.
Longer or Shorter Website Domains?
Domains could be of any length up to 67 characters. You actually don't need to settle for an unrecognized url for example avab.com while what you mean is actually AcmeVideosAndBooks.com.
Many assert that shorter website domains are generally more convenient to memorize, a lot easier to type not to mention dramatically less susceptible to omissions: as an illustration, "getit.com" tends to be less difficult to just remember not to mention less susceptible to typos when compared with "connecttomywebsiteandobtainit.com".
Alternatively we certainly have plenty of men and women that are usually all up to acquire long website domains saying it is less complicated to memorize - as an example, "gaepw.com" is a series of completely unrelated characters that is without a doubt problematic to memorize and also type properly, whereas when we elaborate it to its extended shape, "GetAnEconomicallyPricedWebsite.com", we tend to be even more likely to never forget the website name.
There is exact evidence that sustains these arguments It's progressively hard to secure quite short meaningful domain name. I have not verified, but yet I'm fairly certain that labels akin to "getit.com" and "good.com" have for ages been sold. When consumers manage to get a rather short website however, the critical point is without question to make certain it's a meaningful collaboration of figures and possibly not the unestablished "gaepw.com" in my contrived case in point earlier mentioned.
Quite a few web search engines actually reward you actually for possessing a key phrase useful to your current specialized subject in the website domain. The second offer preference to keywords and phrases that are likewise positioned in your current website names. Hence, to illustrate, once you have a site on no cost C++ compilers with a domain for instance freecpluspluscompilers.com, this may possibly do better in a query for "free C++ compilers" as compared to the matching web site on my personal additional website, thefreecountry.com.
Which usually will I choose? In the event that you think much like me than you will almost certainly constantly selected a noteworthy one, having said that I'm not necessarily averse to much longer terms. Then again, I might probably stay clear of very lengthy namings close to 67 letters. Aside from the distinct trouble that men or women might not be able to just remember such a extended company name, it may well as well end up being a big job writing it and even attempting to fit it as a heading on your web-page.
It's easy to overlook the hyphens whenever writing a name. A lot of customers are familiar with inputting stuff for instance freecpluspluscompilers.com but certainly not free-c-plus-plus-compilers.com. They will likely more than likely ignore the hyphens and so turn out at your trusty old competitor's websites.
When men and women endorsed your business to their own pals vocally, possessing hyphens in your website name turns to a lot more possible errors when compared with when the brand would not include hyphens. As an example, just how do you suppose any site visitors will certainly refer to your blog if it is named as "acme-books-and-videos.com"? These people may point out, "I visited Acme Book and Videos dot com yesterday. That appeared to be amazing." Their own friends, keeping in mind that comment later on, might probably enter into their own internet browsers "acmebooksandvideos.com". Oops.
It really is just so heavy to key in a web site domain that has a lot of hyphens. Enough said.
Search engines like Yahoo will define your search terms better which therefore return your own online site a lot more prominently in Google search for all those key phrases occurring in your website domains name.
The non-hyphenated form will probably not any longer be out there. At the very least in this way, you still get the website domains name that you would like.
For myself, I favor to refrain from hyphenated brands if I could, nonetheless I suppose it actually would depend on your name and also your state of affairs.
It truly is not necessarily unusual to end up trapped having a totally different website name then exactly what you requested, the internet address name registrar would probably advise different forms of the given name you just typed. For instance, whenever you hoped website.com, and it was taken (naturally it really is), it might suggest varieties just like:thewebsite.com, mywebsite.com, websites.com,and similar, if these have not previously taken too. The concern is usually, really should you accept it?
My best individual judgment is the fact that when you actually accept the "the..." and "my..." varieties of the website domains name, you need to generally do remember to publicize your web-site having the whole form of the website name. In any other case, people have a tendency to overlook to put in the necessary "the" or possibly "my". Fot that reason, I constantly market my online websites as "thesitewizard.com" and "thefreecountry.com" in their particular entire website domain forms, instead as compared to just "Free Country" or maybe "Site Wizard" (devoid of the article).
As I see it I have never elected to get for the plural form of the domain name (eg, websites.com) in the event I can not furthermore find "website.com", given that the probability of the web visitor failing to type the "s" inside the web address is certainly very big. Focus on the well known name tussle concerning etoys.com with etoy.com. Loads of regular people wishing to pay a visit to etoys.com were actually really going to etoy.com in its place. If it happened for these individuals, it can easily happen to you as well.
One well-known question I come across is actually from users that are unable to get hold of the ".com" website address of their particular preference, but find the ".net", ".org", ".biz", ".info" (etc) or simply country-specific top level web addresses (TLDs) (like.uk,.de,.us,.eu, etc) out there. Would they try for these?
After all, if ever they are inside of (for example) the United Kingdom, they're not really likely to want to try to obtain fast food from pizzaparlour.com, which indicates an international business. One could possibly be better off just simply getting in touch with it pizzaparlour.co.uk, ie, that has a UK web site domain.
Think about it this way - your web-site is a site or business firm that can gain an advantage coming from an a world wide target market? You will find actually numerous schools of thought on all of this. I'll pretty much point out a few popular types.
The very first approach will go on the premise that it is far better to get a domain of your preference "myperfectdomain" even when it has a TLD of ".net", ".org" or else other sorts of country specific suffix, than to find yourself choosing an incomprehensible website domains name for the basic factor you can't obtain ones own very first alternative. This is definitely the legitimate reason individuals find websites similar to "myperfectdomain.de" or maybe "myperfectdomain.net" or whatsoever. In contrast to this is definitely the premise that the instance you gain a nation distinct website domains name, folk can assume that your business only provides to this country.
An alternative approach considers the substitute suffixes (just like ".net", ".org", ".biz", ".info", etc) to end up being exceptionally agreeable. For some, the ".org" suffix pretty much explains the non-profit characteristics of their particular operation. For that reason, for example, the famous Apache web server definitely will be found on "apache.org".
Therefore, people who do that will undoubtedly be sent to your current business rivalweb-site in case you really do not as well acquire the ".com" domain. In actual fact, even though everyday people tend not to rely on their very own browser to finalized their writing, a great number of individuals just simply presume a ".com" suffix when they type a website address, which means that if your very own enterprise is definitely "Acme", they can just simply presume your current website name is certainly "acme.com" as compared with "acme.net" or some other such domain name.
If it happens that the woods got misplaced in the trees (or perhaps the reverse) within my own justifications in this article, permit me to emphasize the main point of this posting: find that web address prior to when you start off your site or business.
Don't make the miscalculation of venturing to retrofit your web address to the venture or webpage. My personal initial internet site, thefreecountry.com did not originally begin with that good name, and so I been through a major bother (and lost traffic) from the URL modifications. Do not make that misstep too.


text:
Is cow sacred in Thailand?
What countries dont eat cows?
Are there cows in Thailand?
What animals do they eat in Thailand?
What cultures dont eat beef?
Why do India worship cows?
Is cow eaten in India?
What kind of cows are in Thailand?
Do Buddhists in Thailand eat meat?
What do Thai people not eat?
Do they eat rats in Thailand?
Do they eat snakes in Thailand?
The Hindu reverence of cattle—particularly the cow—is well-known. Census data shows that nearly 80 percent of India's 1.2 billion population are Hindu. Most Hindus worship the cow and abstain from eating beef, so it might come as a surprise that India has become the world's second-largest beef exporter.
The beef cattle population in Thailand is currently about 4.9 million head, [1]. … There are four native breeds officially recognized by the Department of Livestock Development: Kho-KhaoLamphun (Northern Thailand), Kho-Isaan (Northeastern Thailand), Kho-Lan (Central Thailand), and Kho-Chon (Southern Thailand).
He fish balls had been obtained at a market, Puffer fish is sometimes used illegally because the meat is cheap. Thai Buddhists are fond of pork, buffalo meat, beef, chicken, ducks, silkworms, snails, shrimp and crabs, During the rainy season they consumes as much as a pound of frogs a week.
Hindus don't eat beef. They worship the animals. The Muslims don't eat pork. The Buddhists are vegetarians and the Jains are strict vegans who won't even touch root vegetables because of the damage it does to the plants.
IT IS IMPORTANT: Can I transit through Singapore from Philippines?
Hindus, however, are vegetarians and they consider the cow to be a sacred symbol of life that should be protected and revered. In the Vedas, the oldest of the Hindu scriptures, the cow is associated with Aditi, the mother of all the gods.
There are strict laws against cow slaughter with severe punishment. But these laws are not enforced). … Out of 29 Indian states, while 20 states prohibit cow slaughter, beef is legally and freely available in states like Bengal, Kerala, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Tripura.
There are four native breeds officially recognized by the department of livestock, ministry of agriculture, Thailand, namely Kho-Khaolumpoon (northern Thailand origin, THR), Kho-Isaan (northeastern Thailand, THNE), Kho-Lan (central Thailand, THC) and Kho-Chon (southern Thailand, THS) (Fig. 1).
In Buddhist countries, vegetarianism can be a religious obligation. … Theravada Buddhism, which is followed in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos and Cambodia, does not prohibit meat. Monks are permitted to eat it. And a book on Thai Buddhism published in Bangkok states that the Buddha ate pork at his final meal.
What Not to Eat and Drink in Thailand
Luu moo. The base of luu moo is pig's blood, which can cause a bacterial infection | © REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo. …
Larb leuat neua. …
Shark fin soup. …
Yum khai maeng da. …
Scorpions. …
Decorative garnishes. …
Kratom leaves.
IT IS IMPORTANT: Where does the Mekong river flow through?
Rat meat has been eaten in some of Thailand's poorer regions for years. But it is now becoming a delicacy which can cost even more than chicken or pork.
This particular dish pertains to the myth that the ancient Siamese used to eat snake, a fact denied by many modern-day, city-dwelling Thais. … Along with many small rodents, and as we have seen insects and amphibians, the 'if it moves eat it' is still very much a part of life for many country people.


text:
Jury Review - Wang Jiuliang
The Prize Creates Future Possibilities
Wang Jiuliang
In my view, outstanding documentary photography has its own social properties, and this is what I most want to emphasize. Whether it is a focus on the outside world or a reference to the self, the works of potentially influential photographers must have depth and warmth; I say this out of personal feeling, not an intention to complain. Obviously, we wanted to emphasize documentary images over documentary photography, because documentary images can encompass all visual presentations. The prize is notable for this expansion of expressive form.
Honestly, I don't think that the work of the grand prize winner, Yang Wenbin, was the most well-shot of the ten bodies of work we considered, and he is not necessarily the best photographer. There were a few well-known photographers among the finalists, including Chen Jie and Duzi, and their work is very powerful and systematic. In the judging process, we looked at the works that the participants had submitted, but we also considered the feasibility and value of their current and future projects. We awarded the grand prize to Yang Wenbin, because his work opens an intertextual mode that blends documentary photography and other presentation methods and because his work is rooted in a sense of social responsibility that inspires him to look outside his own life. In the end, we decided to give the opportunity to a young person, or that is to say, to have the prize create future possibilities. We expect that Yang Wenbin will continue to refine this series, delving even deeper into the social aspects of universities and university students.


text:
using namespace std;

#define CAPACITY 100

class HugeInteger
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,HugeInteger&);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream&,HugeInteger&);
	friend HugeInteger operator+(int,HugeInteger&);
	friend HugeInteger operator-(int,HugeInteger&);
	friend HugeInteger operator*(int,HugeInteger&);
	friend HugeInteger operator/(int,HugeInteger&);
public:
	HugeInteger operator+(HugeInteger&);HugeInteger operator+(int);
	HugeInteger operator-(HugeInteger&);HugeInteger operator-(int);
	HugeInteger operator*(HugeInteger&);HugeInteger operator*(int);
	HugeInteger operator/(HugeInteger&);HugeInteger operator/(int);
	HugeInteger operator++();HugeInteger operator++(int);
	HugeInteger operator--();HugeInteger operator--(int);
	operator int();
	HugeInteger(int=0);
	HugeInteger(string);
	void Input();
	void Output();
	void Add(HugeInteger);void Add(int);
	void Subtract(HugeInteger);void Subtract(int);
	void Multiply(HugeInteger);void Multiply(int);
	void Divide(HugeInteger);void Divide(int);
	void Modulus(HugeInteger);void Modulus(int);
	bool IsEqualTo(HugeInteger);bool IsEqualTo(int);
	bool IsNotEqualTo(HugeInteger);bool IsNotEqualTo(int);
	bool IsGreaterThan(HugeInteger);bool IsGreaterThan(int);
	bool IsLessThan(HugeInteger);bool IsLessThan(int);
	bool IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo(HugeInteger);bool IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo(int);
	bool IsLessThanOrEqualTo(HugeInteger);bool IsLessThanOrEqualTo(int);
	bool IsZero();
	bool IsNegative();
	void Set(int);
	void Set(string);
private:
	void Round();
	void RoundNegative();
	int iDigit;
	int iArray[CAPACITY];
};

HugeInteger::HugeInteger(int iValue)
{
	memset(iArray,0,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
	Set(iValue);
}

HugeInteger::HugeInteger(string strValue)
{
	memset(iArray,0,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
	Set(strValue);
}

void HugeInteger::Input()
{
	string strValue;
	cin>>strValue;
	Set(strValue);
}

void HugeInteger::Output()
{
	int i;
	if(iDigit==0)
	{
		cout<<"0"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	if(IsNegative())
	{
		cout<<"-";
		for(i=iDigit-1;i>=0;i--)
			cout<<0-iArray[i];
	}
	else
		for(i=iDigit-1;i>=0;i--)
			cout<<iArray[i];
	cout<<endl;
}

void HugeInteger::Add(HugeInteger hiAddend)
{
	HugeInteger hiSum;
	for(int i=0;i<iDigit || i<hiAddend.iDigit;i++)
		iArray[i]+=hiAddend.iArray[i];
	Round();
	if(abs(iArray[CAPACITY-1])>=10)
	{
		Set(0);
		cerr<<"Data Overflowed!"<<endl;
	}
}

void HugeInteger::Add(int iAddend)
{
	if(abs(iAddend+iArray[0])<=LONG_MAX)
	{
		iArray[0]+=iAddend;
		Round();
	}
	else
		Add(HugeInteger(iAddend));
}

void HugeInteger::Subtract(HugeInteger hiSubtrahend)
{
	hiSubtrahend.Multiply(-1);
	Add(hiSubtrahend);
}

void HugeInteger::Subtract(int iSubtrahend)
{
	Add(0-iSubtrahend);
}

void HugeInteger::Multiply(HugeInteger hiMultiplier)
{
	int i,j,iTemp[CAPACITY];
	if(iDigit+hiMultiplier.iDigit>CAPACITY+1)
	{
		cerr<<"Data Overflowed!"<<endl;
		Set(0);
		return;
	}
	memset(iTemp,0,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
	for(i=0;i<hiMultiplier.iDigit;i++)
		for(j=0;j<iDigit;j++)
			iTemp[i+j]+=hiMultiplier.iArray[i]*iArray[j];
	memcpy(iArray,iTemp,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
	Round();
	if(abs(iArray[CAPACITY-1])>=10)
	{
		cerr<<"Data Overflowed!"<<endl;
		Set(0);
	}
}

void HugeInteger::Multiply(int iMultiplier)
{
	if(abs(iMultiplier*9)<=LONG_MAX)
	{
		for(int i=0;i<iDigit;i++)
			iArray[i]*=iMultiplier;
		Round();
	}
	else
		Multiply(HugeInteger(iMultiplier));
}

void HugeInteger::Divide(HugeInteger hiDivisor)
{
	HugeInteger hiQuotient(0),hiProduct(0);
	int i;
	bool bNegative=false;
	if(hiDivisor.IsZero())
	{
		cerr<<"Zero Divisor!"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	if(IsNegative())
	{
		Multiply(-1);
		bNegative=!bNegative;
	}
	if(hiDivisor.IsNegative())
	{
		hiDivisor.Multiply(-1);
		bNegative=!bNegative;
	}
	if(IsLessThan(hiDivisor))
	{
		Set(0);
		return;
	}
	hiQuotient.iDigit=iDigit-hiDivisor.iDigit+1;
	for(i=hiQuotient.iDigit-1;i>=0;i--)
	{
		hiProduct.Set(0);
		hiProduct.iDigit=i+1;
		hiProduct.iArray[i]=1;
		hiProduct.Multiply(hiDivisor);
		while(IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo(hiProduct))
		{
			hiQuotient.iArray[i]++;
			Subtract(hiProduct);
		}
	}
	hiQuotient.Round();
	(*this)=hiQuotient;
	Round();
	if(bNegative)
		Multiply(-1);
}

void HugeInteger::Divide(int iDivisor)
{
	Divide(HugeInteger(iDivisor));
}

void HugeInteger::Modulus(HugeInteger hiModulus)
{
	HugeInteger hiTemp;
	hiTemp=(*this);
	hiTemp.Divide(hiModulus);
	hiTemp.Multiply(hiModulus);
	Subtract(hiTemp);
}

void HugeInteger::Modulus(int iModulus)
{
	Modulus(HugeInteger(iModulus));
}

bool HugeInteger::IsEqualTo(HugeInteger hiRight)
{
	if(iDigit!=hiRight.iDigit)
		return false;
	for(int i=0;i<iDigit;i++)
		if(iArray[i]!=hiRight.iArray[i])
			return false;
	return true;
}

bool HugeInteger::IsEqualTo(int iRight)
{
	return IsEqualTo(HugeInteger(iRight));
}

bool HugeInteger::IsNotEqualTo(HugeInteger hiRight)
{
	return !IsEqualTo(hiRight);
}

bool HugeInteger::IsNotEqualTo(int iRight)
{
	return IsNotEqualTo(HugeInteger(iRight));
}

bool HugeInteger::IsGreaterThan(HugeInteger hiRight)
{
	if(IsNegative()!=hiRight.IsNegative())
		return !IsNegative();
	if(iDigit!=hiRight.iDigit)
		return IsNegative()!=(iDigit>hiRight.iDigit);
	for(int i=iDigit-1;i>=0;i--)
		if(iArray[i]!=hiRight.iArray[i])
			return IsNegative()!=(iArray[i]>hiRight.iArray[i]);
	return false;
}

bool HugeInteger::IsGreaterThan(int iRight)
{
	return IsGreaterThan(HugeInteger(iRight));
}

bool HugeInteger::IsLessThan(HugeInteger hiRight)
{
	if(IsNegative()!=hiRight.IsNegative())
		return IsNegative();
	if(iDigit!=hiRight.iDigit)
		return IsNegative()!=(iDigit<hiRight.iDigit);
	for(int i=iDigit-1;i>=0;i--)
		if(iArray[i]!=hiRight.iArray[i])
			return IsNegative()!=(iArray[i]<hiRight.iArray[i]);
	return false;
}

bool HugeInteger::IsLessThan(int iRight)
{
	return IsLessThan(HugeInteger(iRight));
}

bool HugeInteger::IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo(HugeInteger hiRight)
{
	return IsEqualTo(hiRight) || IsGreaterThan(hiRight);
}

bool HugeInteger::IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo(int iRight)
{
	return IsGreaterThanOrEqualTo(HugeInteger(iRight));
}

bool HugeInteger::IsLessThanOrEqualTo(HugeInteger hiRight)
{
	return IsEqualTo(hiRight) || IsLessThan(hiRight);
}

bool HugeInteger::IsLessThanOrEqualTo(int iRight)
{
	return IsLessThanOrEqualTo(HugeInteger(iRight));
}

bool HugeInteger::IsZero()
{
	return iDigit==0;
}

bool HugeInteger::IsNegative()
{
	return iArray[iDigit-1]<0;
}

void HugeInteger::Set(int iValue)
{
	memset(iArray,0,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
	iDigit=0;
	iArray[0]=iValue;
	Round();
	if(iArray[CAPACITY-1]>=10)
	{
		memset(iArray,0,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
		iDigit=0;
		cerr<<"Data Overflowed!"<<endl;
	}
}

void HugeInteger::Set(string strValue)
{
	memset(iArray,0,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
	iDigit=0;
	int iLen,i;
	bool bNegative;
	iLen=strValue.length();
	bNegative=(strValue[0]=='-' && iLen!=1);
	if(iLen>CAPACITY+(bNegative?1:0))
	{
		cerr<<"Data Overflowed!"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	for(i=(bNegative?1:0);i<iLen;i++)
	{
		if(isdigit(strValue[i]))
			iArray[iLen-1-i]=(strValue[i]-'0')*(bNegative?(-1):1);
		else
		{
			memset(iArray,0,sizeof(int)*CAPACITY);
			cerr<<"Unexpected Character!"<<endl;
			return;
		}
	}
	Round();
}

void HugeInteger::Round()
{
	for(int i=0;i<CAPACITY-1;i++)
	{
		if(abs(iArray[i])>=10)
		{
			iArray[i+1]+=iArray[i]/10;
			iArray[i]%=10;
		}
		if(iArray[i]<0)
		{
			iArray[i]+=10;
			iArray[i+1]--;
		}
	}
	for(iDigit=CAPACITY;iDigit>0;iDigit--)
		if(iArray[iDigit-1]!=0)
			break;
	if(IsNegative())
		RoundNegative();
}

void HugeInteger::RoundNegative()
{
	for(int i=0;i<CAPACITY-1;i++)
		if(iArray[i]>0)
		{
			iArray[i]-=10;
			iArray[i+1]++;
		}
	for(iDigit=CAPACITY;iDigit>0;iDigit--)
		if(iArray[iDigit-1]!=0)
			break;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator+(HugeInteger& hiLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Add(hiLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator+(int iLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Add(iLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator-(HugeInteger& hiLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Subtract(hiLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator-(int iLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Subtract(iLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator*(HugeInteger& hiLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Multiply(hiLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator*(int iLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Multiply(iLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator/(HugeInteger& hiLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Divide(hiLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator/(int iLeft)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	hiResult.Divide(iLeft);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator++()
{
	Add(1);
	return *this;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator++(int iFlag)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	Add(1);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator--()
{
	Subtract(1);
	return *this;
}

HugeInteger HugeInteger::operator--(int iFlag)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult=(*this);
	Subtract(1);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger::operator int()
{
	int iTemp=1,iResult=0,i;
	for(i=0;i<iDigit;i++)
	{
		iResult+=iArray[i]*iTemp;
		iTemp*=10;
	}
	return iResult;
}

ostream& operator << (ostream& output,HugeInteger& hi)
{
	int i;
	if(hi.iDigit==0)
	{
		output<<"0"<<endl;
		return output;
	}
	if(hi.IsNegative())
	{
		output<<"-";
		for(i=hi.iDigit-1;i>=0;i--)
			output<<0-hi.iArray[i];
	}
	else
		for(i=hi.iDigit-1;i>=0;i--)
			output<<hi.iArray[i];
	return output;
}

istream &operator>>(istream &input,HugeInteger& hi)
{
	string strValue;
	input>>strValue;
	hi.Set(strValue);
	return input;
}

HugeInteger operator+(int iLeft,HugeInteger& hiRight)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult(iLeft);
	hiResult.Add(hiRight);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger operator-(int iLeft,HugeInteger& hiRight)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult(iLeft);
	hiResult.Subtract(hiRight);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger operator*(int iLeft,HugeInteger& hiRight)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult(iLeft);
	hiResult.Multiply(hiRight);
	return hiResult;
}

HugeInteger operator/(int iLeft,HugeInteger& hiRight)
{
	HugeInteger hiResult(iLeft);
	hiResult.Divide(hiRight);
	return hiResult;
}

void main()
{
	HugeInteger left,right;
	cin>>left>>right;
	HugeInteger product=left*right;
	cout<<product<<endl;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
#include "alloc.h"
#include <qpid/dispatch/ctools.h>
#include <qpid/dispatch/parse.h>
#include <qpid/dispatch/amqp.h>

DEQ_DECLARE(qd_parsed_field_t, qd_parsed_field_list_t);

struct qd_parsed_field_t {
    DEQ_LINKS(qd_parsed_field_t);
    const qd_parsed_field_t *parent;
    qd_parsed_field_list_t   children;
    uint8_t                  tag;
    qd_iterator_t           *raw_iter;
    qd_iterator_t           *typed_iter;
    const char              *parse_error;
};

ALLOC_DECLARE(qd_parsed_field_t);
ALLOC_DEFINE(qd_parsed_field_t);

ALLOC_DECLARE(qd_parsed_turbo_t);
ALLOC_DEFINE(qd_parsed_turbo_t);

/**
 * size = the number of bytes following the tag
 * count = the number of elements. Applies only to compound structures
 */
static char *get_type_info(qd_iterator_t *iter, uint8_t *tag, uint32_t *size, uint32_t *count, uint32_t *length_of_size, uint32_t *length_of_count)
{
    if (qd_iterator_end(iter))
        return "Insufficient Data to Determine Tag";

    *tag             = qd_iterator_octet(iter);
    *count           = 0;
    *size            = 0;
    *length_of_count = 0;
    *length_of_size  = 0;

    switch (*tag & 0xF0) {
    case 0x40:
        *size = 0;
        break;
    case 0x50:
        *size = 1;
        break;
    case 0x60:
        *size = 2;
        break;
    case 0x70:
        *size = 4;
        break;
    case 0x80:
        *size = 8;
        break;
    case 0x90:
        *size = 16;
        break;
    case 0xB0:
    case 0xD0:
    case 0xF0:
        *size += ((unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter)) << 24;
        *size += ((unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter)) << 16;
        *size += ((unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter)) << 8;
        *length_of_size = 3;
        // fall through to the next case

    case 0xA0:
    case 0xC0:
    case 0xE0:
        if (qd_iterator_end(iter))
            return "Insufficient Data to Determine Length";
        *size += (unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter);
        *length_of_size += 1;
        break;

    default:
        return "Invalid Tag - No Length Information";
    }

    switch (*tag & 0xF0) {
    case 0xD0:
    case 0xF0:
        *count += ((unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter)) << 24;
        *count += ((unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter)) << 16;
        *count += ((unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter)) << 8;
        *length_of_count = 3;
        // fall through to the next case

    case 0xC0:
    case 0xE0:
        if (qd_iterator_end(iter))
            return "Insufficient Data to Determine Count";
        *count += (unsigned int) qd_iterator_octet(iter);
        *length_of_count += 1;
        break;
    }

    if ((*tag == QD_AMQP_MAP8 || *tag == QD_AMQP_MAP32) && (*count & 1))
        return "Odd Number of Elements in a Map";

    if (*length_of_count > *size)
        return "Insufficient Length to Determine Count";

    return 0;
}

static qd_parsed_field_t *qd_parse_internal(qd_iterator_t *iter, qd_parsed_field_t *p)
{
    qd_parsed_field_t *field = new_qd_parsed_field_t();
    if (!field)
        return 0;

    DEQ_ITEM_INIT(field);
    DEQ_INIT(field->children);
    field->parent   = p;
    field->raw_iter = 0;
    field->typed_iter = qd_iterator_dup(iter);

    uint32_t size            = 0;
    uint32_t count           = 0;
    uint32_t length_of_count = 0;
    uint32_t length_of_size  = 0;

    field->parse_error = get_type_info(iter, &field->tag, &size, &count, &length_of_size, &length_of_count);

    if (!field->parse_error) {
        qd_iterator_trim_view(field->typed_iter, size + length_of_size + 1); // + 1 accounts for the tag length

        field->raw_iter = qd_iterator_sub(iter, size - length_of_count);

        qd_iterator_advance(iter, size - length_of_count);

        for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < count; idx++) {
            qd_parsed_field_t *child = qd_parse_internal(field->raw_iter, field);
            DEQ_INSERT_TAIL(field->children, child);
            if (!qd_parse_ok(child)) {
                field->parse_error = child->parse_error;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return field;
}

qd_parsed_field_t *qd_parse(qd_iterator_t *iter)
{
    if (!iter)
        return 0;
    return qd_parse_internal(iter, 0);
}

const char *qd_parse_turbo(qd_iterator_t          *iter,
                           qd_parsed_turbo_list_t *annos,
                           uint32_t               *user_entries,
                           uint32_t               *user_bytes)
{
    if (!iter || !annos || !user_entries || !user_bytes)
        return  "missing argument";

    DEQ_INIT(*annos);
    *user_entries = 0;
    *user_bytes = 0;

    // The iter is addressing the message-annotations map.
    // Open the field describing the map's items
    uint8_t  tag             = 0;
    uint32_t size            = 0;
    uint32_t count           = 0;
    uint32_t length_of_count = 0;
    uint32_t length_of_size  = 0;
    const char * parse_error = get_type_info(iter, &tag, &size, &count, &length_of_size, &length_of_count);

    if (parse_error)
        return parse_error;

    if (count == 0)
        return 0;

    int n_allocs = 0;

    // Do skeletal parse of each map element
    for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < count; idx++) {
        qd_parsed_turbo_t *turbo;
        if (n_allocs < QD_MA_FILTER_LEN * 2) {
            turbo = new_qd_parsed_turbo_t();
            n_allocs++;

        } else {
            // Retire an existing element.
            // If there are this many in the list then this one cannot be a
            // router annotation and must be a user annotation.
            turbo = DEQ_HEAD(*annos);
            *user_entries += 1;
            *user_bytes += sizeof(turbo->tag) + turbo->size + turbo->length_of_size;
            DEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(*annos);
        }
        if (!turbo)
            return "failed to allocate qd_parsed_turbo_t";
        ZERO(turbo);

        // Get the buffer pointers for the map element
        qd_iterator_get_view_cursor(iter, &turbo->bufptr);

        // Get description of the map element
        parse_error = get_type_info(iter, &turbo->tag, &turbo->size, &turbo->count,
                                    &turbo->length_of_size, &turbo->length_of_count);
        if (parse_error) {
            free_qd_parsed_turbo_t(turbo);
            return parse_error;
        }

        // Save parsed element
        DEQ_INSERT_TAIL(*annos, turbo);

        // Advance map iterator to next map element
        qd_iterator_advance(iter, turbo->size - turbo->length_of_count);
    }

    // remove leading annos in the queue if their prefix is not a match and
    // return them as part of the user annotations
    for (int idx=0; idx < n_allocs; idx += 2) {
        qd_parsed_turbo_t *turbo = DEQ_HEAD(*annos);
        assert(turbo);
        if (qd_iterator_prefix_ptr(&turbo->bufptr, turbo->length_of_size + 1, QD_MA_PREFIX))
            break;

        // leading anno is a user annotation map key
        // remove the key and value from the list and accumulate them as user items
        *user_bytes += sizeof(turbo->tag) + turbo->size + turbo->length_of_size;
        DEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(*annos);
        free_qd_parsed_turbo_t(turbo);

        turbo = DEQ_HEAD(*annos);
        assert(turbo);
        *user_bytes += sizeof(turbo->tag) + turbo->size + turbo->length_of_size;
        DEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(*annos);
        free_qd_parsed_turbo_t(turbo);

        *user_entries += 2;
    }
    return parse_error;
}

void qd_parse_free(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    if (!field)
        return;

    assert(field->parent == 0);
    if (field->raw_iter)
        qd_iterator_free(field->raw_iter);

    if (field->typed_iter)
        qd_iterator_free(field->typed_iter);

    qd_parsed_field_t *sub_field = DEQ_HEAD(field->children);
    while (sub_field) {
        qd_parsed_field_t *next = DEQ_NEXT(sub_field);
        DEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(field->children);
        sub_field->parent = 0;
        qd_parse_free(sub_field);
        sub_field = next;
    }

    free_qd_parsed_field_t(field);
}

static qd_parsed_field_t *qd_parse_dup_internal(const qd_parsed_field_t *field, const qd_parsed_field_t *parent)
{
    qd_parsed_field_t *dup = new_qd_parsed_field_t();

    if (dup == 0)
        return 0;

    ZERO(dup);
    dup->parent      = parent;
    dup->tag         = field->tag;
    dup->raw_iter    = qd_iterator_dup(field->raw_iter);
    dup->typed_iter  = qd_iterator_dup(field->typed_iter);
    dup->parse_error = field->parse_error;

    qd_parsed_field_t *child = DEQ_HEAD(field->children);
    while (child) {
        qd_parsed_field_t *dup_child = qd_parse_dup_internal(child, field);
        DEQ_INSERT_TAIL(dup->children, dup_child);
        child = DEQ_NEXT(child);
    }

    return dup;
}

qd_parsed_field_t *qd_parse_dup(const qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return field ? qd_parse_dup_internal(field, 0) : 0;
}

int qd_parse_ok(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return field->parse_error == 0;
}

const char *qd_parse_error(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return field->parse_error;
}

uint8_t qd_parse_tag(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return field->tag;
}

qd_iterator_t *qd_parse_raw(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    if (!field)
        return 0;

    return field->raw_iter;
}

qd_iterator_t *qd_parse_typed(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return field->typed_iter;
}

uint32_t qd_parse_as_uint(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    uint32_t result = 0;

    qd_iterator_reset(field->raw_iter);

    switch (field->tag) {
    case QD_AMQP_UINT:
        result |= ((uint32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 24;
        result |= ((uint32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 16;
        // fallthrough

    case QD_AMQP_USHORT:
        result |= ((uint32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 8;
        // Fall Through...

    case QD_AMQP_UBYTE:
    case QD_AMQP_SMALLUINT:
    case QD_AMQP_BOOLEAN:
        result |= (uint32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter);
        break;

    case QD_AMQP_TRUE:
        result = 1;
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

uint64_t qd_parse_as_ulong(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    uint64_t result = 0;

    qd_iterator_reset(field->raw_iter);

    switch (field->tag) {
    case QD_AMQP_ULONG:
    case QD_AMQP_TIMESTAMP:
        result |= ((uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 56;
        result |= ((uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 48;
        result |= ((uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 40;
        result |= ((uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 32;
        result |= ((uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 24;
        result |= ((uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 16;
        result |= ((uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 8;
        // Fall Through...

    case QD_AMQP_SMALLULONG:
        result |= (uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter);
        // Fall Through...

    case QD_AMQP_ULONG0:
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

int32_t qd_parse_as_int(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    int32_t result = 0;

    qd_iterator_reset(field->raw_iter);

    switch (field->tag) {
    case QD_AMQP_INT:
        result |= ((int32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 24;
        result |= ((int32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 16;
        // Fall Through...

    case QD_AMQP_SHORT:
        result |= ((int32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 8;
        // Fall Through...

    case QD_AMQP_BYTE:
    case QD_AMQP_BOOLEAN:
        result |= (int32_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter);
        break;

    case QD_AMQP_SMALLINT:
        result = (int8_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter);
        break;

    case QD_AMQP_TRUE:
        result = 1;
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

int64_t qd_parse_as_long(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    int64_t result = 0;

    qd_iterator_reset(field->raw_iter);

    switch (field->tag) {
    case QD_AMQP_LONG:
        result |= ((int64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 56;
        result |= ((int64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 48;
        result |= ((int64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 40;
        result |= ((int64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 32;
        result |= ((int64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 24;
        result |= ((int64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 16;
        result |= ((int64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter)) << 8;
        result |= (uint64_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter);
        break;

    case QD_AMQP_SMALLLONG:
        result = (int8_t) qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter);
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

bool qd_parse_as_bool(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    bool result = false;

    qd_iterator_reset(field->raw_iter);

    switch (field->tag) {
    case QD_AMQP_BYTE:
    case QD_AMQP_BOOLEAN:
        result = !!qd_iterator_octet(field->raw_iter);
        break;

    case QD_AMQP_TRUE:
        result = true;
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

uint32_t qd_parse_sub_count(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    uint32_t count = DEQ_SIZE(field->children);

    if (field->tag == QD_AMQP_MAP8 || field->tag == QD_AMQP_MAP32)
        count = count >> 1;

    return count;
}

qd_parsed_field_t *qd_parse_sub_key(qd_parsed_field_t *field, uint32_t idx)
{
    if (field->tag != QD_AMQP_MAP8 && field->tag != QD_AMQP_MAP32)
        return 0;

    idx = idx << 1;
    qd_parsed_field_t *key = DEQ_HEAD(field->children);
    while (idx && key) {
        idx--;
        key = DEQ_NEXT(key);
    }

    return key;
}

qd_parsed_field_t *qd_parse_sub_value(qd_parsed_field_t *field, uint32_t idx)
{
    if (field->tag == QD_AMQP_MAP8 || field->tag == QD_AMQP_MAP32)
        idx = (idx << 1) + 1;

    qd_parsed_field_t *key = DEQ_HEAD(field->children);
    while (idx && key) {
        idx--;
        key = DEQ_NEXT(key);
    }

    return key;
}

int is_tag_a_map(uint8_t tag)
{
    return tag == QD_AMQP_MAP8 || tag == QD_AMQP_MAP32;
}

int qd_parse_is_map(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return is_tag_a_map(field->tag);
}

int qd_parse_is_list(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return field->tag == QD_AMQP_LIST8 || field->tag == QD_AMQP_LIST32;
}

int qd_parse_is_scalar(qd_parsed_field_t *field)
{
    return DEQ_SIZE(field->children) == 0;
}

qd_parsed_field_t *qd_parse_value_by_key(qd_parsed_field_t *field, const char *key)
{
    uint32_t count = qd_parse_sub_count(field);

    for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx < count; idx++) {
        qd_parsed_field_t *sub  = qd_parse_sub_key(field, idx);
        if (!sub)
            return 0;

        qd_iterator_t *iter = qd_parse_raw(sub);
        if (!iter)
            return 0;

        if (qd_iterator_equal(iter, (const unsigned char*) key)) {
            return qd_parse_sub_value(field, idx);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

const char *qd_parse_annotations_v1(
    bool                   strip_anno_in,
    qd_iterator_t         *ma_iter_in,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_ingress,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_phase,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_to_override,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_trace,
    qd_iterator_pointer_t *blob_pointer,
    uint32_t              *blob_item_count)
{
    // Do full parse
    qd_iterator_reset(ma_iter_in);

    qd_parsed_turbo_list_t annos;
    uint32_t               user_entries;
    uint32_t               user_bytes;
    const char * parse_error = qd_parse_turbo(ma_iter_in, &annos, &user_entries, &user_bytes);
    if (parse_error) {
        return parse_error;
    }

    qd_parsed_turbo_t *anno;
    if (!strip_anno_in) {
        anno = DEQ_HEAD(annos);
        while (anno) {
            qd_iterator_t *key_iter =
                qd_iterator_buffer(anno->bufptr.buffer,
                                anno->bufptr.cursor - qd_buffer_base(anno->bufptr.buffer),
                                anno->size,
                                ITER_VIEW_ALL);
            assert(key_iter);

            qd_parsed_field_t *key_field = qd_parse(key_iter);
            assert(key_field);

            qd_iterator_t *iter = qd_parse_raw(key_field);
            assert(iter);

            qd_parsed_turbo_t *anno_val = DEQ_NEXT(anno);
            assert(anno_val);

            qd_iterator_t *val_iter =
                qd_iterator_buffer(anno_val->bufptr.buffer,
                                anno_val->bufptr.cursor - qd_buffer_base(anno_val->bufptr.buffer),
                                anno_val->size,
                                ITER_VIEW_ALL);
            assert(val_iter);

            qd_parsed_field_t *val_field = qd_parse(val_iter);
            assert(val_field);

            // Hoist the key name out of the buffers into a normal char array
            char key_name[QD_MA_MAX_KEY_LEN + 1];
            (void)qd_iterator_strncpy(iter, key_name, QD_MA_MAX_KEY_LEN + 1);

            // transfer ownership of the extracted value to the message
            if        (!strcmp(key_name, QD_MA_TRACE)) {
                *ma_trace = val_field;
            } else if (!strcmp(key_name, QD_MA_INGRESS)) {
                *ma_ingress = val_field;
            } else if (!strcmp(key_name, QD_MA_TO)) {
                *ma_to_override = val_field;
            } else if (!strcmp(key_name, QD_MA_PHASE)) {
                *ma_phase = val_field;
            } else {
                // TODO: this key had the QD_MA_PREFIX but it does not match
                //       one of the actual fields.
                qd_parse_free(val_field);
            }

            qd_iterator_free(key_iter);
            qd_parse_free(key_field);
            qd_iterator_free(val_iter);
            // val_field is usually handed over to message_private and is freed

            anno = DEQ_NEXT(anno_val);
        }
    }

    anno = DEQ_HEAD(annos);
    while (anno) {
        DEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(annos);
        free_qd_parsed_turbo_t(anno);
        anno = DEQ_HEAD(annos);
    }

    // Adjust size of user annotation blob by the size of the router
    // annotations
    blob_pointer->remaining = user_bytes;
    assert(blob_pointer->remaining >= 0);

    *blob_item_count = user_entries;
    return 0;
}

void qd_parse_annotations(
    bool                   strip_annotations_in,
    qd_iterator_t         *ma_iter_in,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_ingress,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_phase,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_to_override,
    qd_parsed_field_t    **ma_trace,
    qd_iterator_pointer_t *blob_pointer,
    uint32_t              *blob_item_count)
{
    *ma_ingress             = 0;
    *ma_phase               = 0;
    *ma_to_override         = 0;
    *ma_trace               = 0;
    ZERO(blob_pointer);
    *blob_item_count        = 0;

    if (!ma_iter_in)
        return;

    uint8_t  tag             = 0;
    uint32_t size            = 0;
    uint32_t length_of_count = 0;
    uint32_t length_of_size  = 0;

    const char *parse_error = get_type_info(ma_iter_in, &tag,
                                            &size, blob_item_count, &length_of_size,
                                            &length_of_count);
    if (parse_error)
        return;

    if (!is_tag_a_map(tag)) {
        return;
    }

    // Initial snapshot on size/content of annotation payload
    qd_iterator_t *raw_iter = qd_iterator_sub(ma_iter_in, (size - length_of_count));

    // If there are no router annotations then all annotations
    // are the user's opaque blob.
    qd_iterator_get_view_cursor(raw_iter, blob_pointer);

    qd_iterator_free(raw_iter);

    (void) qd_parse_annotations_v1(strip_annotations_in, ma_iter_in, ma_ingress, ma_phase,
                                    ma_to_override, ma_trace,
                                    blob_pointer, blob_item_count);

    return;
}


The option in Theatre Management requires work in a number of different areas including front of house, box office management, press relations, outreach, development, contracts, and fundraising. Successful completion of different assignments in each area is necessary for advancement in the program. 60 units required.
Take 6 units of electives.
Electives with advisors approval may be taken from the University at large.


FPMag.net – Feminine-Perspective Magazine – Photo Art: by Rosa Yamamoto – "It's the Milky Way," she says. Our Galaxy and our Earth. Let's take them back from the patriarch.
The fight for women's right to freedom, equality and safety is hampered anew by not just traditional despots and religious extremists but by the US President Trump. A misogynist patriarch in Washington DC has denied women's reproductive health & human rights and ended its nation-state human rights analysis of maternal mortality & failed contraception needs around the world. That's why The RINJ Foundation Women are asking for your help.
Many Americans do not support this. The USA Trump Administration is accused of attacking Civil Society for helping women. RINJ urges people to think for themselves. Enabling women's reproductive rights positively impacts universal human rights. It also enhances the economic outlook significantly. Feminists can make you rich. Help The RINJ Foundation Women do that.
I have been writing about the RINJ ladies around the world, too seldom anymore getting out there to meet them. We talk, write, I learn what they are doing. I eat a nice meal while reading a book and they scramble between passing out medicines, handing out water, carrying big heavy packs to remote areas and sharing their rice with hungry kids. So here is a word from our sponsors. They would like your help as so many this weekend start out to walk into another strange place where guns, floods and disease rant, and they with a song and a prayer do the work of angels.
Note: Bulk donations of food/medicine are needed in many countries. Contact RINJ.
RINJ Sexual Assault Clinics (RSAC) and all public services are provided FREE.
Volunteers are needed in Yemen, Venezuela, Philippines, and soon, South Sudan. Volunteer today. Help get a lot of medical supplies into the hands of nurses in all the places they are needed.
For an INTERAC email transfer all you need is access to online or mobile banking through a participating Canadian financial institution, and you can send money without sharing any personal or financial information.
This means that RINJ is a "qualified organization" exempt from federal income tax.
The RINJ Foundation does not promise, adduce, undertake, guarantee or in any way imply that by making a donation you will benefit from tax credits, tax deductions or any compensation whatsoever, regardless of country. Please check with your tax advisor. View our Charter Information and Policies.
If you do not know or understand the tax deductions allowed in your country for a donation to The RINJ Foundation in Canada, please consult your taxation advise provider.
Some people who know the organisation do specify where they would like funds to go. For example if you add a note "HIV" 100% of your gift will go to purchasing the free HIV self-test (blood test not saliva) kits we provide patients in developing nations. Generally, all personal donor funds are used to purchase supplies. Once the cost of processing your donation is paid and the net amount is deposited in our Royal Bank of Canada account, more than 90% of your donation reaches women and children in need. The remaining 10% pays administrative costs like phone bills, bank fees, internet bandwidth (which is how you are reading this). The vast majority of RINJ workers are unpaid volunteers, interns, and exchange program workers.
Check our Security Encryption Verification.


In this paper, a general kinematic model of the four drive wheel omnidirectional mobile platform is established, and the CMAC (Cerebellar model articulation controller) +PID joint control strategy is used to design the embedded adaptive control of the omnidirectional mobile platform in view of the problem that the conventional control can not be self-tuning online and the real-time response of the response needs to be improved. The MATLAB simulation and experimental analysis of DC motor speed regulation were carried out, and the motion performance of the prototype was tested by a series of typical experiments. The results show that the kinematic model of the mecanum wheel omnidirectional moving platform is reasonable. The dynamic response of the CMAC+PID adaptive controller is fast, the control precision is high, and the robustness is good. The prototype can achieve the horizontal / vertical translation, the original rotation and the omni-directional motion in the plane. The overall performance can meet the requirements of the engineering application.
1. Kim, H., & Kim, B. K., 2014, "Online minimum-energy trajectory planning and control on a straight-line path for three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robots", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(9), pp. 4771-4779.
2. Jia, Z. J., Song, Y. D., & Cai, W. C., 2013, "Bio-inspired approach for smooth motion control of wheeled mobile robots," Cognitive Computation, 5(2), pp. 252-263.
3. Kanjanawanishkul, K., 2015, "Omnidirectional wheeled mobile robots: wheel types and practical applications," International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems, 6(6), pp. 289-302.
4. Sherback, M., Purwin, O., & D'Andrea, R., 2006, "Real-time motion planning and control in the 2005 cornell robocup system," Robot Motion and Control, pp. 245-263.
5. Bruce, J. R., 2006, "Real-time motion planning and safe navigation in dynamic multi-robot environments," (No. CMU-CS-06-181). CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE.
6. Purwin, O., & D'Andrea, R., 2006, "Trajectory generation and control for four wheeled omnidirectional vehicles," Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 54(1), pp.13-22.
7. Juang, C. F., Lai, M. G., & Zeng, W. T., 2015, "Evolutionary fuzzy control and navigation for two wheeled robots cooperatively carrying an object in unknown environments," IEEE transactions on cybernetics, 45(9), pp. 1731-1743.
8. Chwa, D., 2012, "Fuzzy adaptive tracking control of wheeled mobile robots with state-dependent kinematic and dynamic disturbances," IEEE transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 20(3), pp. 587-593.
9. Yang, S. X., Zhu, A., Yuan, G., & Meng, M. Q. H., 2012, "A bioinspired neurodynamics-based approach to tracking control of mobile robots," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(8), pp. 3211-3220.
10. Kayacan, E., Kayacan, E., Ramon, H., & Saeys, W., 2013, "Adaptive neuro-fuzzy control of a spherical rolling robot using sliding-mode-control-theory-based online learning algorithm," IEEE transactions on cybernetics, 43(1), pp. 170-179.
11. Gao, H., Song, X., Ding, L., Xia, K., Li, N., & Deng, Z., 2014, "Adaptive motion control of wheeled mobile robot with unknown slippage," International Journal of Control, 87(8), pp. 1513-1522.
12. Hoang, N. B., & Kang, H. J., 2016, "Neural network-based adaptive tracking control of mobile robots in the presence of wheel slip and external disturbance force," Neurocomputing, 188, pp. 12-22.
13. Boukens, M., & Boukabou, A., 2017, "Design of an intelligent optimal neural network-based tracking controller for nonholonomic mobile robot systems," Neurocomputing, 226, pp. 46-57.
14. Su, K. H., Chen, Y. Y., & Su, S. F, 2010, "Design of neural-fuzzy-based controller for two autonomously driven wheeled robot," Neurocomputing, 73(13), pp. 2478-2488.
15. Li, S., Wang, H., & Rafique, M. U., 2017, "A novel recurrent neural network for manipulator control with improved noise tolerance." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.
16. Li, S., Zhang, Y., & Jin, L., 2016, "Kinematic control of redundant manipulators using neural networks," IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems.
17. Zhang, Y., & Li, S., 2017, "Predictive suboptimal consensus of multiagent systems with nonlinear dynamics," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics:Systems.
18. Li, S., Zhou, M., Luo, X. & You, Z. H., 2017, "Distributed winner-take-all in dynamic networks," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 62(2), pp.577-589.
19. Jin, L., Li, S., La, H.M. and Luo, X., 2017, "Manipulability optimization of redundant manipulators using dynamic neural networks," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.
20. Sheikhlar, A., Fakharian, A., Beik-Mohammadi, H., & Adhami-Mirhosseini, A.,2016' "Design and Implementation of Self-Adaptive PD Controller Based on Fuzzy Logic Algorithm for Omni-Directional Fast Robots in Presence of Model Uncertainties," International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, 24(05), pp. 761-780.


text:
Home AMAM Bulletin--OBE Foreword
To Western ears, Bhagavata Purana, Ramayana and Ragamala are
strange sounds, as remote as Malwa, Hyderabad and Jaipur. The sumptuous but intimate illustrations to these and other Indian texts are equally little known to the general American public, even at a time when the
music and religions of the great Subcontinent have infiltrated our culture to an unprecedented degree. Therefore it is particularly gratifying
to sponsor an exhibition which is both timely and aesthetically rewarding, and which has a special significance for Oberlin College.
It is a happy coincidence that an institution long affiliated with
Asian programs can count Mr. Paul F. Walter among its alumni. That
an extensive collection of Indian miniatures has been assembled in less
than five years is one sign of Paul Walter's unyielding enthusiasm.
That the paintings are of high quality and representative of the major
regions and periods of Indian painting attests to his discrimination and
purpose. But like most tireless collectors, Mr. Walter is not restricted
in his taste by geography or chronology; he is as likely to be met in the
studio of a young artist in lower Manhattan or a London auction of
Whistler etchings as in the Doris Wiener Gallery of Indian Art. The
generous loan of more than a hundred items to this exhibition will leave
none of his walls bare — Baroque and Modern graphics will emerge from
closets to take their place.
Our debt to Paul Walter extends beyond the loan to this exhibition.
Oberlin's small but fine collection of Indian art is largely dependent
upon his vision and action. The beautiful schist Deva published in this
issue (cf. pp. 104-118), a bronze Balasubrahmanya of ca. 1300 from
Tanjore, a central Indian sandstone Uma-Mahesvara (9th-10th century),
and a small group of miniatures have all entered the permanent collection through Paul Walter's initiative and generosity.
The catalogue of this exhibition is by Dr. Pratapaditya Pal, Curator
of Indian Art at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. His entries
are based on the information kindly provided by Mr. Walter and Mrs.
Doris Wiener. Editing of the catalogue was my responsibility — a task
that was lightened by the warm, enthusiastic co-operation I received
from Dr. Pal and Mr. Walter.
Richard E. Spear
Contributors Spear, Richard E., 1940-
Pal, Pratapaditya
Contents The Enduring Charm of Indian Paintings; Indian Art from the Paul Walter Collections: Catalogue; Some Rajasthani Sculptures of the Gupta Period
List of Illustrations Nepal, ca. 1775, Krishna Uprooting the Parijata Tree (cover); Bikaner, ca. 1600(?), Procession with Elephant and Horses (frontispiece); Mewar (?), ca. 1525, Illustration to the Bhagavata Purana (fig.l); Jodhpur ca. 1830, Spring Festival of Colors (fig.2).; Bundi, 1738, A Page from a Ragamala (fig.3).; Kangra, ca. 1800, A Lady at Her Toilet (fig. 4); Malwa, ca. 1625 (?), Radha Welcomes Krishna (fig. 5); Sirohi, ca. 1660-90, Raga Desakh (fig. 6); Malwa, ca. 1680, Desakhya Ragini (fig. 7); Chamba, ca. 1700-20, A Weeping Woman Consoled by Her Companion (fig.8); Malwa, ca. 1650, Prosita Patika Nayika (fig. 9); Guler, ca. 1800, The Last Journey of the Five Pandava Brothers (fig.10); Sultanate Period, 1500-1550, Mounted Warriors Charging a Fort (fig. 11); Mughal, ca. 1590, Babur Marches from Kabul (fig. 12); Mughal (provincial), ca. 1610-15, Hastini, or the Elephant Type of Woman (fig. 13); Deccan (Hyderabad), 1709, Acta Madna Before Tana Shah (fig. 14); Mughal (provincial, at Agra [?]), ca. 1615, Gunakari Ragini (fig. 15); Gujarat, ca. 1500, Astrologers Reading from a Book of Dreams Gujarat, ca. 1500, Astrologers Reading from a Book of Dreams (fig. 16).; Maharashtra, ca. 1800, Battle Scene from the Mahabharata (fig. 17; Kotah or Bundi, ca. 1700-50, Elephant Combat (fig. 18); India (Rajasthan), tenth century, A Tirthankara (fig. 19); India (Deccan), dated 1020, Three Tirthankaras (fig. 20); India (Bengal) or Nepal, twelfth century, Bodhisattva Vajrapani (fig. 21); Nepal, thirteenth century, Bodhisattva Padmapani (fig. 22); 1. A Deva, Rajasthan (Tanesara); 2. Rear view of fig. 1; 3. Profile of fig. 1; 4. Skanda-Kumara, Rajasthan (Tanesara); 5. Skandamata, Rajasthan (Tanesara); 6. Kaumari, Rajasthan (Tanesara); 7. Skandamata, Rajasthan (Tanesara); 8. Skandamata, Rajasthan (Samlaji); 9. skanda-Kumara, Rajasthan (Samlaji); 10. Flying Gandharvas, Gwalior
Month/Season Winter
Title Foreword
Transcript Foreword To Western ears, Bhagavata Purana, Ramayana and Ragamala are strange sounds, as remote as Malwa, Hyderabad and Jaipur. The sumptuous but intimate illustrations to these and other Indian texts are equally little known to the general American public, even at a time when the music and religions of the great Subcontinent have infiltrated our culture to an unprecedented degree. Therefore it is particularly gratifying to sponsor an exhibition which is both timely and aesthetically rewarding, and which has a special significance for Oberlin College. It is a happy coincidence that an institution long affiliated with Asian programs can count Mr. Paul F. Walter among its alumni. That an extensive collection of Indian miniatures has been assembled in less than five years is one sign of Paul Walter's unyielding enthusiasm. That the paintings are of high quality and representative of the major regions and periods of Indian painting attests to his discrimination and purpose. But like most tireless collectors, Mr. Walter is not restricted in his taste by geography or chronology; he is as likely to be met in the studio of a young artist in lower Manhattan or a London auction of Whistler etchings as in the Doris Wiener Gallery of Indian Art. The generous loan of more than a hundred items to this exhibition will leave none of his walls bare — Baroque and Modern graphics will emerge from closets to take their place. Our debt to Paul Walter extends beyond the loan to this exhibition. Oberlin's small but fine collection of Indian art is largely dependent upon his vision and action. The beautiful schist Deva published in this issue (cf. pp. 104-118), a bronze Balasubrahmanya of ca. 1300 from Tanjore, a central Indian sandstone Uma-Mahesvara (9th-10th century), and a small group of miniatures have all entered the permanent collection through Paul Walter's initiative and generosity. The catalogue of this exhibition is by Dr. Pratapaditya Pal, Curator of Indian Art at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. His entries are based on the information kindly provided by Mr. Walter and Mrs. Doris Wiener. Editing of the catalogue was my responsibility — a task that was lightened by the warm, enthusiastic co-operation I received from Dr. Pal and Mr. Walter. Richard E. Spear Acting Director 59
Add tags for Foreword
Post a Comment for Foreword
[frontispiece]
map of India
The Enduring Charm of Indian...
1. Cat. No. 8
Indian Art from the Paul Walter...
3. Cat. No. 3; 4. Cat. No. 30
5. Cat. No. 17
6. Cat. No. 15; 7. Cat. No. 24
10. Cat. No. 28
11. Cat. No. 36; 12. Cat. No. 37
22. Cat. No. 100
Some Rajasthani Sculptures of the...
Baldwin Lectures, 1970-71
The Enduring Charm of Indian Paintings
Indian Art from the Paul Walter Collection: Catalogue
Some Rajasthani Sculptures of the Gupta Period


Courtney, Margaret (Peggy) on January 5, 2018. Beloved sister of Jim (Dorothy, dec.), Bill (Jane), Theresa, SCNY; cherished aunt of 1 nephew, 6 nieces, 4 nephews-in-law, 6 grandnephews; faithful friend; enjoyed a decades long career as advertising copywriter; an avid skier and skater, Peggy was a fixture roller blading the streets of east mid-town into her 70's. Reposing Redden's Funeral Home 325 West 14th St. NYC Thursday 2-5 and 7-9 PM. Mass of Christian burial Friday 10:30 AM St. Joseph Church, Greenwich Village.


Searching for north west In most elite fence company, then your search. Should you went a internet search about the key phrase wood fence installment you would are finding us. The Wright Fence Organization. We are one of the best and oldest kennel area firms about. All of us chief has more than 15 years of experience with wall set up.
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Part 3 introduces students to alternative approaches to the definition of hearsay, and their relation to the Federal Rules of Evidence. In the second part of this lessons, Arguments from the Approaches, presents a number of hypothetical problems. In each case, the lesson asks students to assess whether particular sorts of analysis support an argument about the application of the definition of hearsay.


Thank you for your interest in the 2019 Troy Strawberry Festival. The Application Deadline has passed and we are currently full.
Look for the 2020 Applications this fall!
What a great way to kick off the strawberry weekend with a Hometown Celebration with a variety of different food vendors and some great live entertainment! Want to be a part of it? We still have spots availble for food vendors! Click Here to apply!
The Troy Strawberry Festival proudly welcomes over 100 Arts and Crafts vendors every year. Vendors must sell items that are handcrafted by the vendor. No Commerically made or imported items are permissible.
While every effort will be made to accommodate all applicants, as well as to place previous participants in historical booth space(s), application approval and booth assignment is made based on the type of offering, appropriateness of items offered and/or services limitations.
Since the beggining in 1977, the Troy Strawberry Festival has been a great fundraising opportunity for the Clubs and Organizations serving Miami County. In carrying on with that tradition to be a food vendor you MUST be a Club or Organization serving Miami County OR partner with a Club or Organization serving Miami County splitting the proceeds.
While every effort will be made to accommodate all applicants, as well as to place previous participants in historical booth space(s), application approval and booth assignment is made based on the type of offering, appropriateness of items offered and space and/or services limitations.


text:
Francarville est une commune française située dans le nord-est du département de la Haute-Garonne en région Occitanie. Sur le plan historique et culturel, la commune est dans le Lauragais, l'ancien « Pays de Cocagne », lié à la fois à la culture du pastel et à l'abondance des productions, et de « grenier à blé du Languedoc ».

Exposée à un climat océanique altéré, elle est drainée par le Girou, le ruisseau de Dourdou et par divers autres petits cours d'eau. La commune possède un patrimoine naturel remarquable composé d'une zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique.

Francarville est une commune rurale qui compte  en , après avoir connu une forte hausse de la population depuis 1975. Elle fait partie de l'aire d'attraction de Toulouse. Ses habitants sont appelés les Francarvillois ou  Francarvilloises.

Géographie

Localisation

La commune de Francarville se trouve dans le département de la Haute-Garonne, en région Occitanie.

Elle se situe à  à vol d'oiseau de Toulouse, préfecture du département, et à  de Revel, bureau centralisateur du canton de Revel dont dépend la commune depuis 2015 pour les élections départementales.
La commune fait en outre partie du bassin de vie de Caraman.

Les communes les plus proches sont :
Vendine (), Saussens (), Prunet (), Loubens-Lauragais (), Villeneuve-lès-Lavaur (), Mascarville (), Bourg-Saint-Bernard (), Albiac ().

Sur le plan historique et culturel, Francarville fait partie du Lauragais, occupant une vaste zone, autour de l'axe central que constitue le canal du Midi, entre les agglomérations de Toulouse au nord-ouest et Carcassonne au sud-est et celles de Castres au nord-est et Pamiers au sud-ouest. C'est l'ancien « Pays de Cocagne », lié à la fois à la culture du pastel et à l'abondance des productions, et de « grenier à blé du Languedoc ».

Francarville est limitrophe de six autres communes dont une dans le département du Tarn.

Géologie et relief
La superficie de la commune de Francarville est de . Son altitude varie de .

Hydrographie

La commune est dans le bassin de la Garonne, au sein du bassin hydrographique Adour-Garonne. Elle est drainée par le Girou, le ruisseau de Dourdou, le Messal, le ruisseau de Cante-Counil, le ruisseau de la Baillère, le ruisseau de la goujonne, le ruisseau de Lanta et par divers petits cours d'eau, constituant un réseau hydrographique de  de longueur totale.

Le Girou, d'une longueur totale de , prend sa source dans la commune de Puylaurens (81) et s'écoule du sud-est vers le nord-ouest. Il traverse la commune et se jette dans l'Hers-Mort à Saint-Jory, après avoir traversé .

Climat
Le climat qui caractérise la commune est qualifié, en 2010, de « climat du Bassin du Sud-Ouest », selon la typologie des climats de la France qui compte alors huit grands types de climats en métropole. En 2020, la commune ressort du type « climat océanique altéré » dans la classification établie par Météo-France, qui ne compte désormais, en première approche, que cinq grands types de climats en métropole. Il s'agit d'une zone de transition entre le climat océanique et les climats de montagne et semi-continental. Les écarts de température entre hiver et été augmentent avec l'éloignement de la mer. La pluviométrie est plus faible qu'en bord de mer, sauf aux abords des reliefs.

Les paramètres climatiques qui ont permis d'établir la typologie de 2010 comportent six variables pour les températures et huit pour les précipitations, dont les valeurs correspondent à la normale 1971-2000. Les sept principales variables caractérisant la commune sont présentées dans l'encadré ci-après.

Avec le changement climatique, ces variables ont évolué. Une étude réalisée en 2014 par la Direction générale de l'Énergie et du Climat complétée par des études régionales prévoit en effet que la  température moyenne devrait croître et la pluviométrie moyenne baisser, avec toutefois de fortes variations régionales. Ces changements peuvent être constatés sur la station météorologique de Météo-France la plus proche, « Ségreville », sur la commune de Ségreville, mise en service en 1961 et qui se trouve à  à vol d'oiseau, où la température moyenne annuelle est de  et la hauteur de précipitations de  pour la période 1981-2010.
Sur la station météorologique historique la plus proche, « Toulouse-Blagnac », sur la commune de Blagnac, mise en service en 1947 et à , la température moyenne annuelle évolue de  pour la période 1971-2000, à  pour 1981-2010, puis à  pour 1991-2020.

Milieux naturels et biodiversité

L'inventaire des zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF) a pour objectif de réaliser une couverture des zones les plus intéressantes sur le plan écologique, essentiellement dans la perspective d'améliorer la connaissance du patrimoine naturel national et de fournir aux différents décideurs un outil d'aide à la prise en compte de l'environnement dans l'aménagement du territoire.
Une ZNIEFF de  est recensée sur la commune :
« la Vendinelle, le Girou et prairies annexes » (), couvrant  dont huit dans la Haute-Garonne et deux dans le Tarn.

Urbanisme

Typologie
Francarville est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.

Par ailleurs la commune fait partie de l'aire d'attraction de Toulouse, dont elle est une commune de la couronne. Cette aire, qui regroupe , est catégorisée dans les aires de  ou plus (hors Paris).

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (95,7 % en 2018), une proportion identique à celle de 1990 (95,8 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
terres arables (89,4 %), zones agricoles hétérogènes (6,3 %), forêts (4,3 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Voies de communication et transports
Accès par les anciennes routes nationales RN 126 et RN 621.

Ligne 381 du réseau Arc-en-Ciel relie la commune à la station Balma - Gramont du métro de Toulouse depuis Le Faget.

La ligne 323 du réseau Arc-en-Ciel relie le centre-ville à la gare de Carbonne, en correspondance avec les TER Occitanie vers Toulouse-Matabiau, la ligne 361 permet de rejoindre la gare routière de Toulouse depuis le centre-ville.

Risques majeurs
Le territoire de la commune de Francarville est vulnérable à différents aléas naturels : météorologiques (tempête, orage, neige, grand froid, canicule ou sécheresse), inondations et séisme (sismicité très faible). Un site publié par le BRGM permet d'évaluer simplement et rapidement les risques d'un bien localisé soit par son adresse soit par le numéro de sa parcelle.

Certaines parties du territoire communal sont susceptibles d'être affectées par le risque d'inondation par débordement de cours d'eau, notamment le Girou. La commune a été reconnue en état de catastrophe naturelle au titre des dommages causés par les inondations et coulées de boue survenues en 1982, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000 et 2009.

Le retrait-gonflement des sols argileux est susceptible d'engendrer des dommages importants aux bâtiments en cas d'alternance de périodes de sécheresse et de pluie. La totalité de la commune est en aléa moyen ou fort (88,8 % au niveau départemental et 48,5 % au niveau national). Sur les  dénombrés sur la commune en 2019,  sont en en aléa moyen ou fort, soit 100 %, à comparer aux 98 % au niveau départemental et 54 % au niveau national. Une cartographie de l'exposition du territoire national au retrait gonflement des sols argileux est disponible sur le site du BRGM.

Par ailleurs, afin de mieux appréhender le risque d'affaissement de terrain, l'inventaire national des cavités souterraines permet de localiser celles situées sur la commune.

Concernant les mouvements de terrains, la commune a été reconnue en état de catastrophe naturelle au titre des dommages causés par la sécheresse en 2011 et par des mouvements de terrain en 1999.

Toponymie

Histoire
La commune faisait partie du Comté de Caraman

Politique et administration

Administration municipale
Le nombre d'habitants au recensement de 2011 étant compris entre 100 et 499, le nombre de membres du conseil municipal pour l'élection de 2014 est de onze.

Rattachements administratifs et électoraux
La commune fait partie de la dixième circonscription de la Haute-Garonne de la communauté de communes des Terres du Lauragais et du canton de Revel avant le redécoupage départemental de 2014, Francarville faisait partie de l'ex-canton de Caraman et avant le  elle faisait partie de la communauté de communes Cœur Lauragais.

Tendances politiques et résultats

Liste des maires

Population et société

Démographie

Enseignement
Francarville fait partie de l'académie de Toulouse.

Culture et festivité
Salle des fêtes,

Activités sportives
Chasse, randonnée pédestre,

Écologie et recyclage
La collecte et le traitement des déchets des ménages et des déchets assimilés ainsi que la protection et la mise en valeur de l'environnement se font dans le cadre de la communauté de communes Cœur Lauragais.

Économie

Revenus
En 2018  (données Insee publiées en ), la commune compte  fiscaux, regroupant . La médiane du revenu disponible par unité de consommation est de  ( dans le département).

Emploi

En 2018, la population âgée de  s'élève à , parmi lesquelles on compte 75 % d'actifs (68,5 % ayant un emploi et 6,5 % de chômeurs) et 25 % d'inactifs. Depuis 2008, le taux de chômage communal (au sens du recensement) des  est inférieur à celui de la France et du département.

La commune fait partie de la couronne de l'aire d'attraction de Toulouse, du fait qu'au moins 15 % des actifs travaillent dans le pôle. Elle compte  en 2018, contre 32 en 2013 et 21 en 2008. Le nombre d'actifs ayant un emploi résidant dans la commune est de 88, soit un indicateur de concentration d'emploi de 33,2 % et un taux d'activité parmi les 15 ans ou plus de 66,9 %.

Sur ces 88 actifs de 15 ans ou plus ayant un emploi, 18 travaillent dans la commune, soit 21 % des habitants. Pour se rendre au travail, 90,8 % des habitants utilisent un véhicule personnel ou de fonction à quatre roues et 9,2 % n'ont pas besoin de transport (travail au domicile).

Activités hors agriculture

Secteurs d'activités
11 établissements sont implantés  à Francarville au .
Le secteur de la construction est prépondérant sur la commune puisqu'il représente 36,4 % du nombre total d'établissements de la commune (4 sur les 11 entreprises implantées  à Francarville), contre 12 % au niveau départemental.

Entreprises et commerces
L'économie de la commune est essentiellement basée sur l'agriculture (céréales : blé, tournesol).

Agriculture

La commune est dans le Lauragais, une petite région agricole occupant le nord-est du département de la Haute-Garonne, dont les coteaux portent des grandes cultures en sec avec une dominante blé dur et tournesol. En 2020, l'orientation technico-économique de l'agriculture  sur la commune est la culture de céréales et/ou d'oléoprotéagineuses. Sept exploitations agricoles ayant leur siège dans la commune sont dénombrées lors du recensement agricole de 2020 (huit en 1988). La superficie agricole utilisée est de .

Culture locale et patrimoine

Lieux et monuments
 L'église Notre-Dame de Francarville.

Personnalités liées à la commune
Michel Roquebert, historien du catharisme, a vécu à Francarville.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes de la Haute-Garonne
 Anciennes communes de la Haute-Garonne

Liens externes

 Francarville sur le site de l'Institut géographique national (archive)

Notes et références

Notes et cartes
 Notes

 Cartes

Références

Site de l'Insee

Autres sources

Commune en Haute-Garonne
Commune dans l'arrondissement de Toulouse
Aire urbaine de Toulouse
Aire d'attraction de Toulouse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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