text:
\section{Introduction}
Let $C\subset \mathbb P^r$ be an integral projective curve. We
define the \textit{speciality index} $e(C)$ of $C$ as the maximal
integer $t$ such that $h^0(C,\omega_C(-t))>0$, where $\omega_C$
denotes the dualizing sheaf of $C$. The speciality index of a
space curve is a fundamental invariant which turned out to be
crucial in many issues of projective geometry. For instance, in
the papers \cite{JAG}, \cite{EFGI} and \cite{EFGII}, such an
invariant has been proved to be very useful in the study of
projective manifolds of codimension 2.

In \cite{GP} Gruson and Peskine prove the
following theorem concerning the speciality index of an integral
space curve (see also \cite{GPI}):
\begin{theorem}[Speciality Theorem]
Let $C\subset \mathbb P^3$ be an integral degree $d$ curve not
contained in any surface of degree $< s$. Then  we have:
$$
e(C)\leq {\frac{d}{s}}+s-4.
$$
Moreover equality holds if and only if $C$ is a complete
intersection of surfaces of degrees $s$ and ${\frac{d}{s}}$.
\end{theorem}
In our previous work \cite{SpecialityI}, we prove an extension
of this theorem to curves in $\mathbb{P}^5$:
\begin{theorem}\cite[Theorem B]{SpecialityI}
Let $C\subset \mathbb P^5$ be an integral degree $d$ curve not
contained in any surface of degree $< s$, in any threefold of
degree $<t$, and in any fourfold of degree $<u$. Assume $d\gg s
\gg t \gg u\geq 1$. Then we have:
$$
e(C)\leq {\frac{d}{s}}+{\frac{s}{t}}+{\frac{t}{u}}+u-6.
$$
Moreover equality holds if and only if $C$ is a complete
intersection of hypersurfaces of degrees $u$, ${\frac{t}{u}}$,
${\frac{s}{t}}$ and ${\frac{d}{s}}$.
\end{theorem}
\par\noindent
Unfortunately, it seems hard to find a generalization of
Gruson-Peskine Speciality Theorem without the assumptions $d\gg
s\gg t\gg u\geq 1$ and to prove a sharp version of the Speciality
Theorem for curves in $\mathbb{P}^5$.

In this paper we adopt a somewhat different strategy and  prove
a sharp version of the Speciality Theorem for curves in $\mathbb{P}^5$ under
the assumption that the curve is contained in a smooth
hypersurface with a nice behaviour from the point of view of
Noether-Lefschetz theory (compare with Definition
\ref{NLGeneral}). More precisely, what we are going to do is to
assume that $C$ is contained in a smooth hypersurface having the
$2$-th N\'eron-Severi group  generated by the linear section
class. The main results of this paper are collected in the
following Theorem.

\begin{theorem}
\label{Main} Let $C\subset \mathbb P^5$ be an integral degree $d$
curve. Assume that $C$ is contained in two smooth hypersurfaces
$F$ and $G$, with $deg(F)=n>k=deg (G)$. Assume additionally that
$F$ is Noether-Lefschetz general, i.e. that the $2$-th
N\'eron-Severi group of $F$ is generated by the linear section
class.
\begin{enumerate}
\item
If $C$ is not contained in any hypersurface of degree $<s$,  then
we have:
$$
e(C)\leq {\frac{d}{snk}}+s+n+k-6.
$$
\item If $C$ is  contained in a hypersurface of degree $s<k$,  then the inequality above  still holds true.
Moreover, equality holds if and only if $C$ is a complete
intersection of   $T:=F\cap G$ with hypersurfaces of degrees $s$ and ${\frac{d}{snk}}$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}

Theorem \ref{Main} turned out to be  a consequence of  much more
general results stated in Theorem \ref{main} and Theorem
\ref{main1}. They show that a sort of Speciality Theorem holds
true for Cohen-Macaulay subschemes $X\subset T$ of codimension 2
in any arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay and factorial variety $T$.
\bigskip
\section{Notations and preliminary results}
\bigskip
In order to prove Theorem \ref{Main}, in this section we gather
some known properties and results, mainly borrowed from our
previous works \cite{CCM}, \cite{Monodromy} and \cite{RCMP}.
\begin{notations}
\label{notation1}
 Let $X\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be a smooth complete intersection of dimension $2i\geq2$.
Denote by $NS_{i}(X;\mathbb Z)$ be the  $i$-th N\'eron-Severi
group of $X$, i.e. the image of the cycle map:
$$NS_{i}(X;\mathbb Z):= Im(A_{i}(X)\to
H_{2i}(X;\mathbb{Z})\cong H^{2i}(X;\mathbb{Z})).$$
\end{notations}
\vskip3mm

\begin{definition}\label{NLGeneral}
 Let $X\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be a smooth complete intersection of dimension $2i\geq2$.
 By the Lefschetz hyperplane section theorem we know that the homology group
$ H_{2i}(X;\mathbb{Z})\cong H^{2i}(X;\mathbb{Z}))$ is free. We
will say that $X$ is \textit{Noether-Lefschetz general} if the
rank of $NS_{i}(X;\mathbb Z)$ is one. In this case, the Lefschetz
hyperplane section theorem also implies  that $NS_{i}(X;\mathbb Z)$
is generated by the linear section class $H^i$.
\end{definition}
\par\noindent
In  \cite{CCM}, it can be found a proof for the following result:
\begin{theorem}\cite[Theorem 1.1]{CCM}
\label{CCM} Let $F$ and $G$ be smooth hypersurfaces in
$\mathbb{P}^{2m+1}$, with $deg(F)=n>k=deg (G)$, and set $X=F\cap G$. If
$F$ is Noether-Lefschetz general  then $rkNS_m(X)=1$, and $NS_m(X)$ is generated by
the linear section class.
\end{theorem}

\vskip4mm

\begin{notations}
\label{notation2}\begin{enumerate}
\item Let  $Q\subseteq\mathbb{P}^n$ be an irreducible,
reduced, non-degenerate projective variety of dimension $m+1$, with isolated singularities. Let $Q_t$ be a general hyperplane
section of $Q$. Let $U\subset \check{\mathbb{P}} ^n$ be the  open subset
parametrizing smooth hyperplane sections of $Q$. The fundamental
group $\pi_1(U)$ acts via monodromy on both
$H^{m}(Q_t;\mathbb{Z})$ and $H^{m}(Q_t;\mathbb{Q})$. We  denote by
$$H^{m}(Q_t; \mathbb{Q})=\mathbb{I} \perp \mathbb{V}$$  the orthogonal
decomposition given by the monodromy action on the cohomology of
$Q_t$, where $\mathbb{I}$ denotes the invariant subspace.
\item
Denote by $$i^{\star}_{k}:H_{k+2}(Q;\mathbb Z)\to
H^{2n-k}(Q_t;\mathbb Z)$$ the map obtained composing the Gysin map
$H_{k+2}(Q;\mathbb Z)\to H_{k}(Q_t;\mathbb Z)$ with Poincar\'e
duality $H_{k}(Q_t;\mathbb Z)\cong H^{2n-k}(Q_t;\mathbb Z)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{notations}
\vskip3mm
\par\noindent
In \cite{Monodromy},  it can be found a proof for the following results:

\begin{theorem}\cite[Theorem 3.1]{Monodromy}
\label{Monodromy} With notations as in \ref{notation2},
 the vector subspace $\mathbb{V}    \subset H^{m}(Q_t; \mathbb{Q})$ is generated, via monodromy, by standard vanishing
cycles.
\end{theorem}
\vskip3mm

\begin{corollary}\cite[Corollary 3.7]{Monodromy}
\label{corollario}  The vector subspace $\mathbb{V}\subset H^{m}(Q_t; \mathbb{Q})$ is irreducible via monodromy action.
\end{corollary}
\vskip3mm

The results  \ref{Monodromy} and \ref{corollario} concern rational cohomology. In the paper
\cite{RCMP} they are used to prove similar results concerning integral cohomology:
\begin{theorem}\cite[Theorem 2.1]{RCMP}
\label{RCMP} With notations as in \ref{notation2},
 the following properties hold true.
\begin{enumerate}
\item For any  integer $m< k\leq 2m$ the map $i^{\star}_{k}$ is an
isomorphism, the map
 $i^{\star}_{m}$ is injective  with torsion-free cokernel, and $H_{m+2}(Q;\mathbb
Z)\cong \mathbb{I}$ via  $i^{\star}_{m}$.
\item For any  even integer $m< k=2i\leq 2m$ the map
$i^{\star}_{k}\otimes_{ \mathbb{Z}} \mathbb{Q}$ induces an
isomorphism $$NS_{i+1}(Q;\mathbb Q)\cong NS_{i}(Q_t;\mathbb Q).$$
\item If $k=2i=m$ and the orthogonal complement $\mathbb{V}$ of
$\mathbb{I}\otimes_{\mathbb Z}\mathbb Q$ in $H^{n}(Q_t;\mathbb Q)$ is not
of pure Hodge type $(m/2,m/2)$, then $NS_{i}(Q_t;\mathbb
Z)\subseteq \mathbb{I}$, and the map $i^{\star}_{n}\otimes_{ \mathbb{Z}}
\mathbb{Q}$ induces an isomorphism $NS_{i+1}(Q;\mathbb Q)\cong
NS_{i}(Q_t;\mathbb Q)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
\vskip3mm
\par\noindent
One of the main ingredients of the proof of Theorem \ref{Main} is the following Proposition.

\begin{proposition}\label{prop} Let $F\subset \mathbb{P}^5$ be a Noether-Lefschetz general hypersurface and let $G\subset\mathbb{P}^5 $ be
a smooth hypersrface with $k:=degG<d:=degF$.
Define $T:=F\cap G$. Then we have:
\begin{enumerate}
\item the threefold $T$ is factorial with isolated singularities;
\item if $deg\,T\geq 4$ then the general hyperplane section $S:=H\cap T$ is a Noether-Lefschetz general surface.
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
(1) The threefold $T$ has at worst finitely many singularities by \cite[Proposition 4.2.6]{Vogel}. Furthermore, $T$ is
 factorial by
Theorem \ref{CCM}.
\par\noindent(2) Combining Theorem \ref{Monodromy}, Corollary \ref{corollario} and Theorem \ref{RCMP}, the proof runs similarly as the  classical one
(compare with the proof of \cite[Theorem 3.2]{IJM}). Indeed,
denote by $U\subset \check{\mathbb{P}} ^5$ the affine open subset parametrizing
smooth hyperplane sections of $T$. The fundamental group
$\pi_1(U)$ acts via monodromy on both $H^{2}(S;\mathbb{Z})$ and
$H^{2}(S;\mathbb{Q})$.  As in \ref{notation2}, consider the
orthogonal decomposition $H^{2}(S;\mathbb{Q})=\mathbb{I} \perp \mathbb{V}$,
where $\mathbb{I}$ is the $\pi_1(U)$-invariant cohomology (compare also
with  \cite[Notations 3.1 (ii)]{IJM}). By Theorem \ref{Monodromy}
and Corollary \ref{corollario} we know that  the vanishing
cohomology $\mathbb{V}$ is a $\pi_1(U)$-irreducible module generated by
the standard vanishing cycles. On the other hand,  Theorem
\ref{RCMP} implies that the $\pi_1(U)$-invariant part of
$H^{2}(S;\mathbb{Z})\simeq H_{2}(S;\mathbb{Z})$ is the image of
the  Gysin map:
\begin{equation}
\label{Gysin}
\mathbb{I} \cap H_{2}(S;\mathbb{Z})= Im( H_{4}(T;\mathbb{Z})\stackrel{\cap \,u}\longrightarrow H_{2}(S;\mathbb{Z}))
\end{equation}
(here $u\in H^2(T, T-S;\mathbb{Z})$ denotes the orientation class
\cite[\S 19.2]{FultonIT}). By point (1) $T$ is factorial, hence
the subspace $\mathbb{I}$ is generated by the hyperplane class. But then
$\mathbb{V}$ is not of pure Hodge type because $deg\,T\geq 4$. By
irreducibility, the image of $NS_{1}(S;\mathbb Z)$ in $\mathbb{V}$
vanishes. This implies that the N\'eron-Severi group
$NS_{1}(S;\mathbb Z)$ is $\pi_1(U)$-invariant and  (\ref{Gysin})
says that $S$ is Noether-Lefschetz general.
\end{proof}
\bigskip
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{Main} (2)}
\bigskip
\begin{definition}
Let $X$ be a Cohen-Macaulay projective scheme. We
define the \textit{speciality index} $e_X$ of $X$
as the maximal integer
$t$ such that $h^0(X,\omega_X(-t))>0$, where $\omega_X$ denotes
the dualizing sheaf of $X$.
\end{definition}

The proof of Theorem \ref{Main} (2) rests on the following much more general result:

\begin{theorem}[Speciality theorem for aCM varieties]\label{main}
Let $T\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be an arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (aCM for
short), factorial and subcanonical variety with $dimT=m\geq 3$ and
$\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(t)$.\par\noindent Let $G\subset T$ be an
integral  divisor. Since $T$ is factorial and aCM, we have $G= \tilde{G}
\cap T$ with $\tilde{G}\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ a projective hypersurface of some
degree $g$. Let $X\subset G$ be a  Cohen-Macaulay scheme of
codimension two in $T$.\par\noindent Then $$e_X\leq
\frac{deg(X)}{deg(T)g} +g+t$$ and the equality holds iff $X$ is a
complete intersection $X=T\cap \tilde{G}\cap H$, with
$deg(H)=\frac{deg(X)}{deg(T)g}$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Consider a general hypersurface $P$ of degree $p\gg 0$ containing
$X$. Denote by $Y$ the scheme $T\cap \tilde{G} \cap P$ which we are
going to consider as a complete intersection in $T$. Following
Peskine-Szpiro \cite{PS}, we consider the scheme $R$ residual  of
$X$ with respect to $Y$ (compare also with \cite[\S 2]{FKL}).
\par The   \textit{Noether Linkage Sequence} \cite[Proposition 2.3]{FKL} inside $T$ looks like
\begin{equation}\label{NLS'}
0\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _R \to \omega_X \otimes \omega_Y^{-1}\to 0,
\end{equation}
and can be written as
\begin{equation}\label{NLS}
0\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _R \to \omega_X (-t-g-p)\to 0
\end{equation}
(all the ideal sheaves are meant to be defined in $T$).
Recall that
\begin{equation}
\label{not0}
h^0(\omega_X(-e))\not =0
\end{equation}
($e:=e_X$). Since $T$ is aCM and $Y$ is a complete intersection in
$T$ of type $(g,p)$, the short exact sequence
$$0\to  \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(-g-p) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(-g) \oplus  \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(-p)\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y\to 0
$$
implies
$$\dots\to  H^1( \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(l-g) \oplus  \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(l-p))\to H^1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y(l))\to H^2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(l-g-p)) \to \dots \hskip2mm \forall l  $$
hence
\begin{equation}
\label{=0}
h^1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y(t+g+p-e))=0.
\end{equation}
Combining (\ref{NLS}), (\ref{not0}) and (\ref{=0}), we see that  there exists a hypersurface $S$ of degree
$s=t+g+p-e$ containing $R$ and not containing $Y$. But $G$ is integral and
$Y'=G\cap S$ is a complete intersection, in $T$, containing $R$. Set $Y'=R\cup R'$ the corresponding,
possibly algebraic, linkage.
But then
$$deg(R')+deg(R)=deg(T)gs, \hskip2mm deg(X)+deg(R)=deg(T)gp$$ and by a simple computation, we find
$$deg(R')=deg(X)-deg(T)g(e-t-g)\geq 0$$ and the first statement follows.
\par
Suppose now the equality holds. Then we have  $$deg(X)=deg(T)g(e-t-g)=deg(T)g(p-s).$$
and the scheme $R'$ is empty.
Furthermore, we have that $R=Y'=G\cap S$ is a complete intersection with
$\omega _R\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_R(t+g+s)$.
\par\noindent
Coming back to the Noether Linkage Sequence (\ref{NLS'})
$$
0\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _X \to \omega_R \otimes \omega_Y^{-1}\to 0
$$
we find
\begin{equation}\label{NLSlast}
0\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _X \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _R (s-p)\to 0.
\end{equation}
Similarly as above, the short exact sequence
$$0\to  \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(-g-s) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(-g) \oplus  \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(-s)\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_R\to 0
$$
implies
$$\dots\to  H^1( \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(l-g) \oplus  \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(l-s))\to H^1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_Y(l))\to H^2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _T(l-g-s)) \to \dots \hskip2mm \forall l  $$
and
$$h^1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_R(p-s))=0.$$
Hence there is a hypersurface $H$ of degree $h=p-s$ containing $X$ and not containing $Y$.
Finally, since $G$ is integral and $deg(X)=deg(T)g(p-s)$ we conclude that $X=G\cap H$.
\end{proof}

\vskip3mm
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{Main} (2)]
It suffices to apply Theorem \ref{main} to the complete
intersection $T:=F\cap G$, which is aCM with $dimT= 3$ and
$\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(n+k-6)$, and  factorial in view of
Proposition \ref{prop}.
\end{proof}
\vskip3mm
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{Main} (1)}
\bigskip
The proof of Theorem \ref{Main} (1) rests on the following much more general result:

\begin{theorem}
\label{main1} Let $T\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be an aCM, factorial variety with
$dimT=m\geq 3$ and $\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(t)$. Assume moreover that
$T$ is smooth in codimension $2$ and that the very general surface
section of $T$ is factorial.  Let $X\subset T$ be a C.M. subscheme
of codimension $2$ which is generically complete intersection.  If
$h^0(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_{X,T}(h-1))=0$ and $h>0$ then
$$
e_X\leq \frac{deg(X)}{deg(T)h} +h +t.
$$
\end{theorem}
\vskip2mm
\par\noindent
The main idea in the proof of \ref{main1}, which goes back to the work of Hartshorne, is to construct a rank two relexive sheaf on $T$ having a section vanishing in $X$ (see e.g. \cite{Hrs} and \cite{BF}).
\par\noindent
In order to prove Theorem \ref{main1}, we need some preliminary results.
We recall the following result of R. Hartshorne:
\begin{lemma}\cite[Proposition 1.3]{Hrs}
\label{reflexive}
Let $T$ be a normal scheme and let $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} $ be a coherent sheaf defined on $T$. Then $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} $ is reflexive iff
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} $ is torsion-free;
\item $\forall x\in T$, $dim \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x\geq 2 \Longrightarrow depth\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} _x \geq2$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}

For the sake of completeness, we give a short proof of the following (maybe well known) result.
\begin{lemma}
\label{ext} Let $T\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be an aCM  scheme such that
$m:=dimT\geq 3$ and $\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(t)$. Let $X\subset T$ be
a Cohen-Macaulay     subscheme of codimension $2$.
\par\noindent Then we have:
$$Ext^1_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_{X,T}(c), \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T)\simeq H^0(X,\omega_X(-c-t)), \hskip2mm \forall c\in \mathbb{Z}.$$
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
By applying the functor $Hom_T(\cdot, \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T)$ to the short exact sequence
$$
0 \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_{X,T}(c) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(c) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_X(c) \to 0
$$
we find
\begin{multline*}
Ext^1_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{T}(c), \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T)\to  Ext^1_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_{X,T}(c), \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T) \to \\
\to Ext^2_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{X}(c), \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T) \to Ext^2_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{T}(c), \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T).
\end{multline*}
By Serre Duality,
 $\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(t)$ implies
 $$Ext^i_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{T}(c), \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T)\simeq H^{m-i}(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(-c-t))=0, \hskip2mm i= 1, 2$$
where the last equality follows from the hypothesis
  that  $T$ is aCM of dimension $\geq 3$. Again by Serre Duality we have:
\begin{multline*}
Ext^1_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_{X,T}(c), \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T) \simeq Ext^2_T(\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{X}(c), \omega_T(-t))\simeq \\
 H^{m-2}(T,\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _X(c+t))\simeq H^{m-2}(X,\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _X(c+t))\simeq H^{0}(X,\omega
 _X(-c-t)).
\end{multline*}
\end{proof}

\begin{proposition}
\label{sc} Let $T\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be an aCM  variety such that
$m:=dimT\geq 3$ and $\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(t)$. We assume
additionally  that $T$ is smooth in codimension $2$. For any pair
$(X, \xi)$ with:
\begin{itemize}
\item $X\subset T$ a Cohen-Macaulay, generically complete intersection subscheme of codimension two in $T$,
\item $\xi \in H^0(\omega_X(-t-c))$ generating almost everywhere,
\end{itemize}
there exists  a rank two reflexive sheaf $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} $  on $T$, with $c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )=cH$, $c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )=[X]$
(the fundamental cycle of $X$) and such that
\begin{equation}
\label{extension} 0 \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}  \rightarrow
\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _{X\mid T}(c) \rightarrow 0.
\end{equation}
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof} The assertion concerning the Chern classes follows trivially from the rest of the statement
so it suffices to prove the existence  of a sequence like (\ref{extension}), with $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}$ reflexive.
\par
The existence of a sequence like (\ref{extension})   follows
directly from Lemma \ref{ext}. Since $T$ is Cohen-Macaulay and
smooth in codimension $2$, it is also normal by Serre's criterion.
Then we may apply Lemma \ref{reflexive} in order to prove the
reflexivity of $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}$. Further, since $T$ is Cohen-Macaulay, both
$\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T$ and $\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _{X,T}(c)$ are torsion-free hence we  only need
to prove the second condition of Lemma \ref{reflexive}. Fix a
point $x$ of codimension $\geq 3$ and denote by $\mathbb{K}$ the residue
field at $x$. Applying the functor $Hom_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x}(\mathbb{K} , \cdot)$ to
the  sequence
$$0 \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _{x,X\mid T} \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{x,T}  \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{x,X} \rightarrow 0
$$
and recalling that both $T$ and $X$ are Cohen-Macaulay we have:
\begin{equation}
\label{ext0}
Ext^i_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x}(\mathbb{K} , \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _{x,X\mid T})=0 , \hskip2mm i\leq 2.
\end{equation}
Applying the functor $Hom_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x}(\mathbb{K} , \cdot)$ to the  sequence
$$0 \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{x,T} \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}_x  \rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _{x,X\mid T}(c) \rightarrow 0  $$
we see that the vanishing ($\ref{ext0}$)  implies:
 $$\forall x\in X, \hskip2mm dim \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x\geq 3 \Longrightarrow depth\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} _x \geq2 .$$
In order to conclude we  need to prove:
$$\forall x\in X, \hskip3mm dim \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x= 2 \Longrightarrow depth\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} _x \geq2.
$$
 What we are going to do is to prove that
$\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} _x$ is a free  module of rank two over $\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _x$, for any
$x\in X$ such that $dim \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x= 2$. In order to do this, we prove
that $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} _x$ has homological dimension $0$ (\cite[IV]{Serre}).
Since $T$ is smooth in codimension $2$, $\forall x\in X$ of
codimension $2$ the local ring $\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _x$ is regular of dimension
$2$. So it suffices to prove that
\begin{equation}
\label{suffices} \ensuremath{\mathcal{E}} xt^1_{T}(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} ,\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T )_x=\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}} xt^2_{T}(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}
,\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T )_x=0.
\end{equation}
From the sequence (\ref{extension}) we see that $dh(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} _x)\leq
dh(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _{X\mid T})=1$, the first inequality coming from (\cite[IV
p. 28]{Serre}) and  the last equality coming from the fact that
$\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _{X\mid T}$ is complete intersection at $x$. So, in order to
prove (\ref{suffices}) we are left to show that $\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}} xt^1_{T}(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}
,\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T )_x=0$. Applying $\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}} om_T(\cdot , \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(c))$ to the
sequence ($\ref{extension}$) we get:
\begin{equation}
\label{se5}
0 \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}^* (c)\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T \stackrel{\xi }{\to }\omega_X(-t) \to
\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}} xt^1_{T}(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} ,\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(c) )\to 0
\end{equation}
where we have taken into account the isomorphism $\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}} xt^1_{T}(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}
_{X,T},\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T)\simeq \omega_X(-t)$, which again follows from the
fact that both $T$ and $X$ are Cohen-Macaulay and $\omega_T\simeq
\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(t)$. Since $T$ is smooth in codimension $2$, $\forall x\in
X$ of codimension $2$ the local ring $\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _x$ is regular of
dimension $2$. Furthermore, since $\xi $  generates almost
everywhere and $X$ is generically complete intersection, the
fourth map of the  sequence (\ref{se5}) is an isomorphism at $x$
hence $\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}} xt^1_{T}(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} ,\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(c) )_x\simeq 0$ and $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} _x$ is a
free module of rank two over $\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_x$.
\end{proof}

\begin{lemma}
\label{1section} Let $C\subset \mathbb{P}^n $ be a smooth variety and $E$ a
rank two vector bundle on $C$ having a section vanishing in the
right dimension. If $c_1(E)< 0$ then $h^0(E)=1$ and
$h^0(E(-m))=0$, $\forall m>0$.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proposition}
\label{bogomolov} Let $T\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ be an aCM, factorial  variety
such that $m:=dimT\geq 3$ and $\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(t)$. We assume
additionally  that $T$ is smooth in codimension $2$ and  that the
general hyperplane section of $T$ is factorial.  Let $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} $ be a
normalized (i.e. with $-1\leq c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}})\leq 0$) reflexive sheaf on
$T$. If $d(c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )\cdot c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}})) > 4d(c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} ))$ then there
exists $\alpha \leq 0$ such that $h^0(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha))\not =0$.
Furthermore, if $c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )=0$ then $\alpha <0$ hence    we have
$c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha))< 0$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof} Let us denote by $S$ the general (smooth)
surface section of $T$. Since $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}\mid_S$ is a normalized rank $2$
vector bundle on $S$, Bogomolov's theorem implies there exists
$\alpha \leq 0$ such that $h^0(S,\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(\alpha) \mid_S )\not =0$.
Moreover, we can assume $\alpha <0$ as soon as $c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}\mid
_S)=0$. Bogomolov's theorem implies that a section of $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}\mid _S
(\alpha)$  can be chosen in such a way that it vanishes in the
right dimension. In any case we have $c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}\mid _S (\alpha))<0$,
so Lemma \ref{1section} above implies $h^0(S,\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(\alpha) \mid_S
)=1$.
\par Fix $C\subset S$ a general curve section of $T$. We can
assume that $C$ does not meet the zero locus of the general
section of $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}\mid _S (\alpha)$ so Lemma \ref{1section} implies:
\begin{equation}
\label{restrictiontoC}
h^0(C,\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(\alpha) \mid_C )=1 \hskip3mm \textrm{and} \hskip3mm h^0(C,\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(\beta) \mid_C )=0
\hskip2mm \forall \beta <\alpha.
\end{equation}
Set
$$\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}\simeq \mathbb{P}^{m-2} = \{ \pi \in \mathbb{G} (n-m+2,\mathbb{P}^n ):
\hskip1mm C\subset \pi \} \subset\mathbb{G} (n-m+2,\mathbb{P}^n ),$$
denote by $\tilde{T} \subset T\times \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}$ the incidence variety:
$$\tilde{T}=\{ (x,\pi) \in T\times \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}: \hskip1mm x\in \pi \cap T \}$$
and by $\phi :\tilde{T} \to T$, $\psi :\tilde{T} \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}$ the natural maps.
\begin{claim}
 $h^0(\psi^{-1}(p), \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha)\mid _{\psi^{-1}(p)})=1$, \hskip2mm
$\forall p\in \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}$.
\end{claim}
\par\noindent
As we have just said $h^0(\psi^{-1}(p), \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha)\mid
_{\psi^{-1}(p)})=1$ for a very general  $p\in \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}} $ so, by
semicontinuity, $h^0(\psi^{-1}(p), \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha)\mid
_{\psi^{-1}(p)})\geq 1$,  $\forall p\in \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}$. In order to prove
the Claim it is then sufficient to prove that $h^0(\psi^{-1}(p),
\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha)\mid _{\psi^{-1}(p)})< 2$,  $\forall p\in \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}$. Set
$S'=\psi^{-1}(p)$ and assume by contradiction $h^0(S', \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}
(\alpha)\mid _{S'})\geq 2$. From the short exact sequence
$$
0\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} \mid_{S'}(\alpha -1) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} \mid_{S'}(\alpha ) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} \mid_{C}(\alpha ) \to 0
$$
and taking into account ($\ref{restrictiontoC}$) we get $h^0(S',
\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha-1)\mid _{S'})\not =0.$ Set
$\overline{\alpha}:=min\{\beta \in \mathbb{N}: \hskip1mm h^0(S',
\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\beta)\mid _{S'})\not =0 \}\leq \alpha-1 $. From the short
exact sequence
$$
0\to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} \mid_{S'}(\overline{\alpha} -1) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} \mid_{S'}(\overline{\alpha} ) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} \mid_{C}(\overline{\alpha} ) \to 0
$$
and by the definition of $\overline{\alpha}$ we find $h^0(C,\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}
\mid_{C}(\overline{\alpha} ))\not=0$ which contradicts
($\ref{restrictiontoC}$) since $\overline{\alpha}<\alpha$. The
claim is so proved.
\par
By Grauert's theorem \cite[Corollary 12.9]{Hartshorne},  $\psi_* \phi^* \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(\alpha)$ is an invertible sheaf on $\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}} $.
On the other hand, since $\phi^{-1}C= C\times \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}} $, we have
$$
\psi_*(\phi^*(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha ))\mid _{\phi^{-1}C})\simeq H^0(C,\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha)\mid _C)\otimes \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _{\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}
\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _{\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}.
$$
Finally, the natural restriction
$H^0(\psi ^{-1}(p), \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha)\mid _{\psi ^{-1}(p)})\to H^0(C, \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(\alpha )\mid _C)$ is an isomorphism $\forall p\in \ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}$,
so the natural map
$\psi_*\phi^*(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha )) \to
\psi_*(\phi^*(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha ))\mid _{p^{-1}C})\simeq  \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _{\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}$
is an isomorphism of invertible sheaves on $\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}} $. Then we have
$$H^0(\tilde{T},\phi^*(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha ))=H^0(\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}},\psi_*(\phi^*(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha ))= H^0(\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}},\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}})=\mathbb{C}.$$
We conclude  by means of the projection formula, because
$\phi_*\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}} _{\tilde{T}}\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T$.
\end{proof}

\begin{remark}
\label{propalpha}
\begin{enumerate}
\item By  Lemma \ref{1section}, the coefficient $\alpha$
arising in Proposition \ref{bogomolov} is the least twist of $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}$ admitting a section.
\item The proof of Proposition \ref{bogomolov} shows that  the zero locus of the section of $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(\alpha)$
has the right dimension, because it does not meet the general curve $C$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{remark}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{main1}.]
In this proof we closely follow \cite{RV}.

By Proposition \ref{sc} there exists a normalized reflexive sheaf $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} $ (on $T$) such that
$$
0 \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(k) \to \ensuremath{\mathcal{I}} _X(e-t) \to 0
$$
($c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )=cH$, $c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )=[X]-(ck+k^2)H^2$ and $c+2k=e-t$).
Set
\begin{itemize}
\item let $\alpha $ and $\beta $ be the smallest degrees of two independent generators of $H^0_*\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}$
(compare with \cite[p. 103]{RV}) ,
\item $s=min \{r: \hskip1mm h^0(\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}}_{X,T}(r))\not =0 \}$.
\end{itemize}
We distinguish two cases depending on whether  the discriminant of $\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} $ is $\leq 0$ or $>0$.
\par $d(c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )\cdot c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}})) \leq 4d(c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} ))$. This case is the simplest one because the expression
$d(X)-d(T)h(e'-h-t)$ is the degree of the second Chern class of
$\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(k-h)$. Since the discriminant is $\leq 0$, the second Chern
class is always positive and we are done. \par $d(c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} )\cdot
c_1(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}})) > 4d(c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} ))$. In this case Proposition
\ref{bogomolov} implies $\alpha\leq 0$ ($<0$ if $c=0$).
Furthermore, Remark \ref{propalpha} (2) says that the
corresponding section vanishes in the right dimension. Then
$d(c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha))=d(c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (-\alpha-c))\geq 0$ and the degree
of the  second Chern class is positive for any twist $\leq \alpha
$ or $\geq -\alpha-c$. If $k=\alpha $ then $s=\beta +\alpha +c$
and the expression $d(X)-d(T)h(e'-h-t)$ is the degree of
$c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(k-h))=c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (h-\alpha-c))$ which is strictly positive
since $h>0$. So the inequality is proved and the equality cannot
be attained. If $k\geq \beta $ then $s= \alpha +k+c$ and the
expression $d(X)-d(T)h(e'-h-t)$ is the degree of
$c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}(k-h))=c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha-(s-h)))$. So the inequality is
proved and the equality can be attained only if $s=h$ and the
degree of $c_2(\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}} (\alpha))$ vanishes. \end{proof}

\vskip3mm
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{Main} (1)]
It suffices to apply Theorem \ref{main1} to the complete
intersection $T:=F\cap G$, which is aCM with $dimT= 3$ and
$\omega_T\simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_T(n+k-6)$. The hypotheses that $T$ is
factorial and smooth in codimension $2$ and that the very general
surface section of $T$ is factorial follow from Proposition
\ref{prop}.
\end{proof}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Defence Blog is the authoritative and independent news source. Our news section offers visitors a great informational and educational database for their online or offline research.
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U.S. aerospace giant Boeing selects Tomahawk missile maker Raytheon Co to provide faster and smarter radar capabilities for the B-52 bomber fleet....
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America's next aircraft carrier, the USS John F. Kennedy, reached a major construction milestone - Huntington Ingalls Industries completed flight...
Qatar awards Raytheon with $2.2B contracts for air and missile defense systems
One of the largest U.S. weapons supplier Raytheon Company announced it was awarded two direct commercial sales contracts by the State...
Northrop Grumman successfully displayed advanced capabilities at Northern Edge 2019
Northrop Grumman Corporation, legendary U.S. weapons maker, together with military partners at Northern Edge 2019, successfully displayed advanced capabilities in...
North Korea threatens to "destroy" South's F-35 stealth fighter jets
North Korea's state media has reported on Thursday that country to develop and test "special armaments" to destroy the new...
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Bulgaria's government approved the purchase of eight F-16V block 70 fighter jets to replace the ageing fleet of Soviet-made MiG-29 aircraft....
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text:
Q: Best practice: Use same form for creation and update I'm just curious and was wondering how you guys handle it if you want to use the same html form and as far as possible the same php code to create and update an item.
Example:
On one page you can create a database entry with name, email address and age.
On a different(?) page you see the form fields filled with your data and you can edit and save it.
I have my ways to accomplish this using pretty much the same code - but I'm hoping to learn something here. So how would you handle this task?
Thanks & Cheers, sprain

A: Pretty easily - if an ID of an existing item (which the user is authorised to edit) is supplied in the query string, then it's an edit operation.
If no ID is supplied in the query string, it's a create operation.
The fields are pre-populated based on the existing values from the database if it's an edit operation, or based on default values or empty strings if it's a create operation.

A: The way I see it is that reusing identical markup for form between create/edit works for some cases, but not for all. I find that forms -- though they may map to the same database table -- are really defined by their context. For example, if you had a 'users' table, you might have a 'create' form with username, email, password, but after that user exists you want them to retain their identity on their site, so the username field would not appear in an 'edit' context. I'm classically a PHP developer, but I have come to appreciate the approach that Django takes, where you create a model (table) that defines the basic validation for each field and you can create as many forms as you that build off of, or modify/extend from that definition. If you're writing from scratch, you'll probably find it practical to make your validation methods very portable and/or find ways to make your form fields context-sensitive.

A: That's the way I always do it now. Are you using an MVC system at all? I use one controller with two different actions (urls = person/new + person/edit/xxxx_id).
the code is then something like:
function new()
    errors = []
    if (get)
        data = blank_record()
    elseif (post)
        data = posted_data
        if (create(data))
            redirect_to_listing()
        else
            errors = describe_errors
    show_form(data, errors)

function edit()
    errors = []

    if (get)
        data = get_from_db(id)
    elseif (post)
        data = posted_data
        if (save())
            redirect_to_listing()
        else
            errors = describe_errors
    show_form(data, errors)

Note that once it gets to the form there's always an object called data that the form can render, it may be blank, from the db, or posted data. Either way it should always be the same format.
The reason I split new and edit is that I find that often enough they are actually quite different in their behaviours and the load and save steps.

A: Yes, that's the only acceptable solution.
Here is a little example of CRUD application which store the input form in a template:
<?
mysql_connect();
mysql_select_db("new");
$table = "test";
if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']=='POST') { //form handler part:
  $name = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['name']);
  if ($id = intval($_POST['id'])) {
    $query="UPDATE $table SET name='$name' WHERE id=$id";
  } else {
    $query="INSERT INTO $table SET name='$name'";
  }
  mysql_query($query) or trigger_error(mysql_error()." in ".$query);
  header("Location: http://".$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
  exit;
}
if (!isset($_GET['id'])) { //listing part:
  $LIST=array();
  $query="SELECT * FROM $table";
  $res=mysql_query($query);
  while($row=mysql_fetch_assoc($res)) $LIST[]=$row;
  include 'list.php';
} else { // form displaying part:
  if ($id=intval($_GET['id'])) {
    $query="SELECT * FROM $table WHERE id=$id";
    $res=mysql_query($query);
    $row=mysql_fetch_assoc($res);
    foreach ($row as $k => $v) $row[$k]=htmlspecialchars($v);
  } else {
    $row['name']='';
    $row['id']=0;
  }
  include 'form.php';
}
?>

form.php
<form method="POST">
<input type="text" name="name" value="<?=$row['name']?>">

<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?=$row['id']?>">
<input type="submit">

Return to the list
</form>

list.php
Add item
<? foreach ($LIST as $row): ?>

<a href="?id=<?=$row['id']?>"><?=$row['name']?>
<? endforeach ?>

Of course, some fancy form constructor, like HTML_QuickForm2 coud be used instead of plain HTML template - you know its constant programmer's hunger not to repeat himself, even in naming an HTML field, field value and error key :)
But personally I prefer plain HTML.

A: I guess this is not the right answer but it might be interesting for you anyway.
There is an orm project called doctrine:
http://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/orm/1.2/docs/en
// User Id might be an existing id, an wrong id, or even empty:
$user_id = 4;
$user_id = null;

// Fetch the user from the database if possible
$user = Doctrine::getTable('Model_User')->find($user_id);

// If there was no record create a new one
if ( $user === false )
    $user = new Model_User();

// Change some data
$user->title = $newValue;

// Perform an update or an insert:
$user->save();

As you see you don't have to care about sql.
Doctrine does that for you and your code becomes easier to read and to debug.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
About Viamonde
ECIS
MyViamonde Login
MyViamonde is the area of our website specially created for school party leaders, parents of children enrolled in school ski programmes camps, as well as Viamonde staff.
Parents of children enrolled in a school ski programme should contact their child's school directly for the relevant login information.
~Forgot your user ID
Ski programmes for schools
Ski & snowboard programmes
Our counsellors at work
Optional activities & excursions
A sample menu
Party leaders
Resorts & accommodation
Saas Grund
Hotel Rodania
Anzère
Chalet Chamossaire
Hotel des Masques
Chalet Gentianes
Chalet Cité-Joie
Leysin
Swiss Alpine Centre
Multi-activity programmes for schools
Multi-activity programmes
Activities & excursions available
Resorts & accomodation
Ski & snowboard programmes presentation (Full)
Ski & snowboard programmes presentation (short)
Ski & snowboard programmes typical day
Ski & snowboard programmes counsellors at work
Multi-activity programmes (Full)
Multi-activity programmes (Short)
Working for Viamonde
ViamondeTV
Positions on offer
Contact personnel department
Programme Positions
Support Postions
- Ski/snowboard counsellor
- Healthcare counsellor
- Multi-activity counsellor
Due to Swiss work permit conditions, programme positions are ONLY offered to citizens of the following countries:
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and USA.
Citizens of Bulgaria and Romania are NOT subject to the same conditions of other EU/EEA countries and we are, therefore, NOT yet able to accept applications for employment from citizens of these countries.
The main role of all our programme positions is that of a counsellor. At our ski programmes, multi-activity programmes and summer camps, on arrival, children will be assigned to a counsellor group and the counsellor for that group will be the main care-giver and role model for the duration of the child's stay.
Programme positions are extremely challenging, demanding enthusiasm and professionalism from wake-up to lights-out, but are also incredibly rewarding. Programme staff will face a wide range of child issues on a daily basis and are expected to provide fun, challenges, instruction and supervision, as well as discipline when required.....all at the same time as being a friend to a small group of influential children.
All programme staff are expected to supervise meal times and will be assigned to some wake-up, lights-out and other supervisory duties as required.
Before applying for any programme position, you should understand that these positions demand very long hours and very limited time-off, especially for short-term contract periods. The camp environment makes it impossible to schedule regular working hours and considerable flexibility is required from all programme staff.
Programme positions can only be offered to the above nationalities
Ski/snowboard counsellor
Ski counsellor
Snowboard counsellor
Counsellors are responsible for the daily supervision and instruction of a small group of children with a similar ski or snowboard ability. Children never ski alone and are supervised from leaving the hotel/chalet in the morning to their safe return home at the end of the day.
Depending on the ability level and requirements of the group, counsellors may be expected to manage and present a video ski clinic or prepare a video skills review for school examination boards. All counsellors promote teamwork within their group as well as an appreciation of the mountain environment and encourage every child to improve their technique and develop their skills.
In addition to the daily skiing or snowboarding instruction, counsellors are expected to participate in a full programme of evening activities and occasionally escort clients from and to airports and train stations.
Preference will be given to applicants with experience instructing both skiing and snowboarding, but a limited number of positions are available to applicants with only skiing or only snowboarding experience.
See a detailed job description, salary and benefits for these positions
Check current availability for these positions
Healthcare and ski/snowboard counsellor
Healthcare counsellor
Healthcare counsellors are responsible for both client and staff health. Daily responsibilities will include providing first aid when required, managing and administering prescribed medication as well as maintaining detailed medical records and producing comprehensive reports, as required.
Healthcare and ski/snowboard counsellors have most of the responsibilities of ski/snowboard counsellors and in addition to daily healthcare duties, are responsible for the daily supervision and instruction of a small group of children with a similar ski or snowboard ability. Children never ski alone and are supervised from leaving the hotel/chalet in the morning to their safe return home at the end of the day.
Healthcare counsellors will not be assigned to a group of children, but are expected to participate in all aspects of the programme, including the ski and snowboard supervision, evening activities and supervisory duties. Successful applicants will have at least intermediate ability in either skiing or snowboarding and will be confident to ski or snowboard in all conditions on all pistes.
Multi-activity counsellor
Multi-activity counsellors are responsible for the daily supervision of a small group of children at our multi-activity programmes and summer camps. Children are supervised from leaving the hotel/chalet in the morning to their safe return home at the end of the day.
Multi-activity counsellors will be expected to support and assist specialist sport and activity instructors as well as lead certain activity sessions, for which basic training will be given. All counsellors promote teamwork within their group as well as an appreciation of the mountain environment and encourage every child to improve their technique and develop their skills.
In addition to the daily programme of sports, outdoor activities and excursions, multi-activity counsellors are expected to participate in a full programme of evening activities and occasionally escort children from and to airports and train stations.
Preference will be given to applicants with experience participating in a number of sports and/or outdoor activities, either as an individual or part of a team, as well as those with experience of working at a summer camp.
- Chef
- Domestic Staff
- Driver / Handyman
Support Positions
Due to Swiss work permit conditions, support positions are ONLY offered to citizens of the following countries:
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Support staff play a key role in the success of our programmes and are expected to maintain the highest standards of cleanliness and service in our hotels and chalets. All support positions are demanding and applicants should have a desire to work in the hotel and catering industry and show previous relevant experience, ideally in a similar residential environment.
Support positions can only be offered to the above nationalities
Chefs are responsible for managing the high-quality catering service at our facilities and will prepare nutritious meals for up to 120 clients at breakfast and dinner. Duties include managing a team of domestic staff, ordering and controlling stock and overseeing the food service in the dining room. Chefs must work to strict budgets and within menu guidelines, but are expected to bring creativity and understanding of children's food likes and dislikes to the operation.
See a detailed job description, salary and benefits for this position
Check current availability for this position
Responsibilities of domestic staff are varied, including basic food preparation, food service, laundry, clearing snow and cleaning the facilities on a daily basis. With considerable client contact, domestic staff are expected to maintain very high standards of appearance and must be patient and flexible at all times.
Driver / Handyman
The driver / handyman is responsible for the maintenance of both the hotel/chalet and vehicles in a resort, as well as the transporting of clients and staff. Additional duties will include snow clearing, food service, washing up and preparation of the rest of the hotel/chalet on "changeover" day. With considerable client contact, the driver / handyman is expected to maintain very high standards of appearance and must be patient and flexible at all times.
Come & work for us
Copyright © Viamonde, 2020. All rights reserved. Azexis Web Designers +41 27 398 4882 Viamonde • Case Postale 1
CH-1972 Anzère • Switzerland


text:
Ю́жный — остров архипелага Северная Земля. Административно относится к Таймырскому Долгано-Ненецкому району Красноярского края.

Расположение
Входит в состав островов Встречных, являясь самым южным из них, откуда и название. Расположен в море Лаптевых в восточной части архипелага в северо-восточной части залива Ахматова на расстоянии около 1,5 километра от побережья острова Большевик, от которого отделён на востоке проливом Незаметным. К северу от Южного находятся острова: Лишний — в 2,2 километрах, Северный — в 300 метрах и небольшой безымянный остров — в 450 метрах; к югу — острова Острый — в 700 метрах и Низкий — в 500 метрах.

Описание
Крупнейший остров группы. Имеет вытянутую с юга на север форму, широкую в северной части и узкую в южной, длиной около 4,1 километра и шириной до 1,4 километра. Берега неровные, пологие. Бо́льшую часть острова занимают две скалы высотой до 23 метров.

Топографические карты

Острова архипелага Северная Земля
Острова моря Лаптевых

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Discussion in 'Networking & Security' started by TordanGow, Feb 5, 2019.
I'm looking to improve my backup solution.
Can compact the files to a strong encrypted archive. I want the files encrypted before being sent to remote data storage.
Can backup files to a local NAS.
Automated and runs on a schedule. I want this to be a set and forget style solution.
Open source and one-time paid solutions are fine, will not consider a subscription based solution.
Use two Synology NAS appliances with CloudStation ShareSync.
What kind of data, exactly and what is the budget? Is this just unstructured files/folders type data?
Wherever I had to apply a backup solution, always a custom made script with console and/or third party small tools was what I was going with. When asking for a all-in-one tool/program, it depends on what OS you want it to work on. Most often there is a better solution for that OS than some multi-platform one.
Can I ask why you are against a subscription based solution? It will also be helpful to know what kind of data is being backed up to get the right solution.
Family Pictures and videos, important docs like tax filings, normal everyday word documents, etc. Stuff a home user would have.
I already have the remote storage, $25/year for 1TB. I have a NAS in place already as well, 18 TB usable space on freenas 11.1. Encryption requirements are in the event the storage provider gets compromised somehow. I don't want anyone else to have the keys except for me. Source is os windows 10, remote os is Linux. NAS is available by a samba share.
it looks like you've already got a solution in place. What are you trying to change?
Can't you get your FreeNAS to do what you want?
IE. Drag and copy files to the NAS. Manually update encrypted archives. Upload to the remote server via filezilla.
You should be able script with FreeNAS.
Like you, I had a pretty similar setup where I had a large primary NAS unit and cloud storage I only used for manual backups of my important files etc. I ended up building another NAS unit and using Rsync to automatically copy things over to the secondary unit using Rsync. While my setup is kind of unique in that I use the secondary as the server for Plex as well, it seems to work well for me. I also have access to an unlimited google drive account, so I am looking at backing things up to that as a third tier eventually.
A Synology NAS can sync automatically to Google w/ Cloud Sync.
backblaze lets you specify an encryption key which they never store; you lose it, your crap is gone. They get hacked, your data is safe.
Thanks for the ideas, while not what I implemented it put me onto a direction that worked. My solution was a batch file with a run schedule. Not that anyone directly asked, but in the event this comes up in a forum search here was my solution, replaced my information and marked with [BRACKETS]. The SCP script only transfers the AES encrpyted archive to the remote server.
for /f "eol=c" %%f in (z:\fldlist.txt) do "C:\PROGRA~1\WinRAR\rar.exe" u -r -m1 -rr5 -hp[PASSWORD] "Z:\ImportantDataCompressed\%%f.rar" "Z:\ImportantData\pictures\%%f"


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Cancer Registry of Greater California
The Cancer Registry of Greater California is a program of the Public Health Institute
About the CRGC
CRGC Key Personnel
Research at the CRGC
Data Access and Disclosure
CRGC Studies
Abstracts / Reports / Presentations
Survey Research Group Publications
Survey Research Group
CRGC and HIPAA Compliance: Frequently Asked Questions
Transmits and Shared Follow Up Requests
Guideline Documents
Registrar Education
ACTS: Abstracting and Coding Talks
Reporting Advisory
NAACCR Webinars
CHATS Newsletters
Cancer Reporting
CRGC Cancer Reporting
Physician Cancer Reporting
Ambulatory Care Surgery Centers
Radiation Oncology Centers (ROCS)
Contact / Telephone
CRGC Regions
Marta Induni, Ph.D. (minduni@crgc-cancer.org)
Senior Director of Operations
Marta Induni, PhD, is the Senior Director of Operations for the Cancer Registry of Greater California (CRGC). In addition to her role with the CRGC, Dr. Induni serves as the Senior Director of Research for the Public Health Institute. With 25 years of research experience, she has served as the Principal Investigator, data director and administrative project manager for population-based and multiple case-control studies, such as food-borne disease outbreaks, immunization coverage, and cancer studies. Dr. Induni earned her Ph.D. in Educational Psychology from UC Davis, where she studied health behavior change theory, prevention/intervention programs for adolescents, and testing and measurement.
Rosemary Cress, Dr.PH (rcress@crgc-cancer.org)
Research Program Director
SEER Principal Investigator
Rosemary Cress, Dr.PH, is a Research Program Director and Principal Investigator of PHI's contract with the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program at the Cancer Registry of Greater California. Dr. Cress has over twenty years of experience conducting and supporting research using California's cancer registry data. Dr. Cress' research interests include investigating disparities in treatment and survival for patients with cancer.
Kyle L. Ziegler (kziegler@crgc-cancer.org)
Data Management and Informatics Director
Between 2003 and April 2014, he was with the California Cancer Registry (CCR). Currently, Kyle oversees the processing of physician office reporting, electronic pathology reporting, casefinding activities, visual editing activities of incoming hospital submissions, death clearance processing, and special studies for 48 of the 58 counties in California, which represents 58% of the caseload of the CCR database.
Kyle has been part of local, state, and national associations including the California Cancer Registrars Association (CCRA), the National Cancer Registrars Association (NCRA), and the American Cancer Society (ACS). He has served as President of the American Cancer Society-Humboldt Del Norte chapter in 1999 and the CCRA in 2001 and 2012 – 2013. In 2014, Kyle was elected Public Relations Board Director for the NCRA.
Winny Roshala, BA, CTR (wroshala@crgc-cancer.org)
Director, CRGC Data Quality Control
Facility Compliance Officer
Winny Roshala, BA, CTR, is the Data Quality Control Director and Facility Compliance Officer for the Cancer Registry of Greater California (CRGC). Ms. Roshala earned her bachelor's degree in Health Education from California State University at Los Angeles. In her position, Ms. Roshala oversees CRGC Data Quality Control, Auditing and Facility Reporting Compliance. She has experience working at a community hospital cancer program, approved by the American College of Surgeons', the California Cancer Registry and became the Director of Data Quality Control for CRGC in 2012. In 2017, she assumed the responsibility of CRGC Facility Compliance Officer. Ms. Roshala has been involved in local, state and national professional associations, having served as President of the California Cancer Registrars Association and the Northern California Cancer Registrars Association. In addition, she has also served on the Board of Directors for the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) and the National Cancer Registrars Association (NCRA). She continues to serve on several NAACCR Work Groups and Task Forces, focusing on data quality, data standardization, registry development and effective communication efforts to benefit the cancer surveillance community.
Robert H. McLaughlin, JD, Ph.D. (rmclaughlin@crgc-cancer.org)
Special Programs Advisor
Robert McLaughlin, JD, PhD, serves CRGC as Special Programs Advisor, applying his experience in research administration and bioethics to cancer registration and surveillance. He has particular expertise in human subjects protection and the application of US federal regulations and California law to research studies that involve use of cancer registry data. He is also familiar with reporting facility compliance as well as conflicts of interest, business ethics, and confidentiality. Dr. McLaughlin's recent scholarly efforts include two co-authored papers, "The Vulnerability of Immigrants in Research: Enhancing Protocol Development and Ethics Review" published in the Journal of Academic Ethics (2015), and "'Getting angry with honest people': The illicit market for immigrant 'papers' in Cape Town, South Africa" (2017). Between 2013 and 2016, Dr. McLaughlin established an office of research integrity at the University of Cape Town, the first office of its type among South Africa's research-intensive universities.
Scott Riddle, BS (sriddle@crgc-cancer.org)
Business Analyst III
Scott Riddle has been part of the California Cancer Registry (CCR) system for over 28 years working in Information Technology. In 1987, he started at the CCR's Sacramento region where he designed and managed their first cancer data management system. In 1993, the region began using California's CANDIS (CANcer Data Information System) system where he developed various utility programs and reports. In 1998 he helped design California's current cancer data management system, Eureka, which was put into production in 2003. Scott has been involved with many aspects of cancer registry operations – linkages, studies, software support, death clearance, report creation, and small database design.
Mignon Dryden, CTR (mdryden@crgc-cancer.org)
Director of Electronic Reporting and Education
Ms. Dryden obtained her Certified Tumor Registrar credentials in 1985 and holds a bachelor's degree in Psychology (1978) from the California State University, Fullerton and a Multiple Subjects Teaching Credential (1980) from the California State University, San Bernardino. Ms. Dryden joined PHI originally in 1987 as a Quality Control Specialist with the California Cancer Registry (CCR). She then had 25 years working as the Director of Region 6 and 2, two of the regional registries of the CCR, under a subcontract with the California Health Collaborative. She assumed her current position in August 2014 and is responsible for coordinating e-path and other e-reporting and education and training for the Cancer Registry of Greater California.
Epidemiologists
Regions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10
Eric Stewart (estewart@crgc-cancer.org)
Research Associate IV – Regional Cancer Epidemiologist
Eric Stewart serves as a Research Associate in CRGC's research and surveillance unit and the Epidemiologist for the CRGC catchment area. He has worked for CRGC since 2014. His primary duties include responding to requests for cancer data, addressing cancer concerns of the public, and conducting epidemiologic research and surveillance projects. He earned his BA in Psychological and Brain Sciences from Johns Hopkins University and is completing his MPH with an emphasis on biostatistics and epidemiology at the University of California Berkeley. His research interests include examining the risk of being diagnosed with multiple cancers and disparities in cancer treatment and survival.
1750 Howe Ave. Suite 550, Sacramento, CA 95825
Ph 916-779-0284, Fax 916-564-9300


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Ballon d'Or 2019: Lionel Messi pips Virgil van Dijk to win record sixth title
Lionel Messi pipped Liverpool defender Virgil van Dijk to win a record sixth Ballon d'Or title on Monday night, with the Barcelona superstar's achievements celebrated on an evening packed with awards and surprise top 30 placings too.
How the La Liga table can change this weekend | La Liga Table
Here's a look at how the La Liga table can change this weekend from top to bottom, as two of the league's top four go head-to-head while there's plenty of movement potential across Spain's top-flight. Continue reading →
Emre Can angry at UCL snub, while Juventus fail with late Zinchenko bid
Juventus midfielder Emre Can has revealed his anger after being left out of Maurizio Sarri's 25-man squad for their Champions League group stage fixtures, while reports claim his club were also unsuccessful with a late approach for City's versatile midfielder Oleksandr Zinchenko. Continue reading →
Champions League group stage draw 19/20 revealed
Read on as the 2019/20 UEFA Champions League group stage draw was completed in Monaco with some intriguing encounters made. Defending champions Liverpool face Napoli in a winnable Group E, while last year's runners-up Tottenham have a tricky test in store against Bundesliga winners Bayern among others.
Mbappe and Cavani injured, PSG interested in Juventus' Mario Mandzukic
August 28, 2019 September 7, 2019 Leave a comment
With both sustained injuries during their 4-0 win over Toulouse on Sunday and Neymar nearing the exit door in Paris, the Ligue 1 champions are interested in completing a move for Mario Mandzukic before next week's deadline. Continue reading →
Everton close to £36m deal for Juventus wonderkid Moise Kean
Everton are close to confirming a massive coup this summer, with Juventus' teenage wonderkid Moise Kean set to compete a £36m (£27.5m initial, £9m add-ons) move this weekend.
Top 10 football clubs with highest wage bills
Here's a breakdown of the top ten European clubs with the highest wage bills and what it means for their respective transfer situations….


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Don't miss the latest space insights
Operations /
New Mars selfie shows Curiosity rover exploring the Red Planet
Stephen Kuper
Stitched together from 57 individual images, a new selfie taken by a camera on the end of the NASA's Curiosity Mars rover's robotic arm commemorates only the second time the rover has performed a special chemistry experiment.
Last Updated: 25 October 2019 Published: 28 October 2019
The selfie was taken on 11 October 2019 (Sol 2,553) in a location named "Glen Etive" (pronounced "glen EH-tiv"), which is part of the "clay-bearing unit", a region the team has eagerly awaited reaching since before Curiosity launched.
Visible in the left foreground are two holes Curiosity drilled named Glen Etive 1 (right) and Glen Etive 2 (left) by the science team.
The rover can analyse the chemical composition of rock samples by powderising them with the drill, then dropping the samples into a portable lab in its belly called Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM).
About 984 feet (300 metres) behind the rover is Vera Rubin Ridge, which Curiosity departed nearly a year ago. Beyond the ridge, you can see the floor of Gale Crater and the crater's northern rim. Curiosity has been ascending Mount Sharp, a 3-mile-tall (5-kilometre-tall) mountain inside the crater.
SAM principal investigator Paul Mahaffy of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, explained, "We've been eager to find an area that would be compelling enough to do wet chemistry. Now that we're in the clay-bearing unit, we've finally got it."
The special chemistry experiment occurred on 24 September 2019, after the rover placed the powderised sample from Glen Etive 2 into SAM. The portable lab contains 74 small cups used for testing samples.
Most of the cups function as miniature ovens that heat the samples; SAM then "sniffs" the gases that bake off, looking for chemicals that hold clues about the Martian environment billions of years ago, when the planet was friendlier to microbial life.
But nine of SAM's 74 cups are filled with solvents the rover can use for special "wet chemistry" experiments. These chemicals make it easier for SAM to detect certain carbon-based molecules important to the formation of life, called organic compounds.
Because there's a limited number of wet chemistry cups, the science team has been saving them for just the right conditions. In fact, the experiment at Glen Etive is only the second time Curiosity has performed wet chemistry since touching down on Mars in August 2012.
Clay-based rocks are good at preserving chemical compounds, which break down over time and when bombarded by radiation from space and the sun. The science team is intrigued to see which organic compounds, if any, have been preserved in the rocks at Glen Etive. Understanding how this area formed will give them a better idea of how the Martian climate was changing billions of years ago.
While this marks Curiosity's second wet chemistry experiment, it is the rover's first on a drilled sample. In December 2016, when Curiosity's drill malfunctioned, the rover still had a bit of sand that had been scooped up in a place called "Ogunquit Beach".
It wasn't a drilled sample, but the team wasn't sure whether they'd get the drill working and be able to perform wet chemistry in the future. So, they delivered the Ogunquit Beach sand into one of SAM's wet chemistry cups since there was still science to be gained.
"SAM's data is extremely complex and takes time to interpret. But we're all eager to see what we can learn from this new location, Glen Etive," said Mahaffy.
Scientists consider Glen Etive a strategic location that will reveal more about how the clay-bearing unit formed. They built upon the valuable dress rehearsal at Ogunquit Beach to make adjustments that improved the recent experiment.
MAHLI was built by Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego.
The SAM instrument suite was built at Goddard Space Flight Center, with significant elements provided by industry, university, and national and international NASA partners. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate in Washington. JPL designed and built the project's Curiosity rover.
Receive the latest developments and updates on Australia's space industry direct to your inbox. Subscribe today to Space Connect here.
ASA head identifies signs of positive growth for Aussie space sector
Australian National Fabrication Facility inks NASA collaboration agreement
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UniSA reaches for the stars and focuses on human spaceflight
New asteroid spotted orbiting the sun inside the orbit of Venus
USAF General Jay Raymond sworn in as head of US Space Force
International Space University prepares for Adelaide conference
Time running out for Colorado Space Symposium applications
Japanese businessman set for moon voyage seeks female companion
What areas of the space industry should Australia focus on?
Curious Engineer
951,300,750 light years away!! This...
ANU researchers discover colliding neutron stars in distant galaxy - 1 week ago.
How about we wait til we actually HAVE...
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Stirling Corp. Announces the Launch of Its New, Improved Free Ebooks Android App
Warren Whitlock, CEO of STIRLING CORP, an E-Book Digital Media Company, headquartered
in Nevada, is announced the release on Google Play of its completely rewritten
Android App, "Free-Ebooks", as part of the world's top free eBook and Audiobook site.
The original Android App has over 500,000 installs since 2010 and 2,123 raving reviews. "It
was time to update our app", according to Ashesh Bharadwaj, Stirling's Lead Programmer on
the project. "We can take advantage of improved technology and infrastructure and
create a world-class reading and listening experience for our members."
The Free eBooks App has often been rated in the top three by Google for "free eBooks" over
the last decade.
"We are very excited as this new revised Android App will make it quicker and easier for our
loyal readers to find their favorite authors and ebooks," shared Warren Whitlock, CEO of
Stirling Corp.
Whitlock added: "This upgrade was rewritten from the ground up. The massive variety of
eBooks on the App means there is something for everybody. Free Members can read up to five
ebooks a month for free. VIP members have unlimited access to all our libraries as well as all
our audiobooks."
The popularity of eBooks continues to grow. eBooks now outsell traditional paper-based books from online retailers. E-books sales alone are expected to top $20 Billion by the
end of 2018.
Richard S., App User: "This is one of the best most important apps for me. It is easy to use, and there is no obligation to be a paid member. Instructions for using this app are simple, and it seems that the terms and conditions for using it are simple."
About Stirling Corp
Stirling Corp offers eBooks and Audiobooks for digital download, with 5.3 million members,
70,000+ eBook downloads monthly, it is one of the top destinations online for avid readers and
advertising opportunities for forward-thinking companies.
The company mission is to bring enthusiastic readers and passionate authors together from
around the world. The company will promote writer's stories and creative work while also
helping book lovers find free and affordable sources of education and entertainment.


On June 29th, virtual singer and pop culture phenomenon Hatsune Miku will return to the USA and Mexico for a series of shows that will demonstrate how she has grown far beyond her Internet origins. In her decade-long existence Miku has evolved into the digital embodiment and artistic muse of a creative virtual hub that has roots all over the world, with particularly strong ones here in the States.
Hatsune Miku - both a characterized piece of software and a platform for content production - is emblematic of modern Internet culture. Her music, illustrations, stories, and everything else associated with her are completely crowd-sourced from a bustling creative ecosystem that fosters interactive and collaborative experiences, generating new, original and breathtaking works of music and art. Miku inspires millions of musicians, illustrators, cosplayers, and other creators to contribute to her multifaceted and ever-evolving persona; and, in return, Miku helps nascent talent develop their artistic sensibilities and launch their careers by casting her light onto their work.
With the growing number of users around the world constantly exploring innovative and fresh ways to use Miku – who has performed in multiple languages including Japanese, English, Spanish, Indonesian and Chinese – her appeal continues to flourish in the U.S. and represents an opportunity for us to explore new ways to collaborate with each other.
July 12th The Anthem Washington, D.C.


Newest Air Foamposite One Black-Anthracite has now come to be one of the best marketing operating footwear. Using fresh shade, these footwear present an incredible combine off proven also contemporary components. Nike Air Foamposite One is typically relating to sneakers.


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Greg Minnaar (ur. 13 listopada 1981 w Pietermaritzburgu) − południowoafrykański kolarz górski, wielokrotny medalista mistrzostw świata oraz trzykrotny zdobywca Pucharu Świata.

Kariera
Pierwszy sukces w karierze Greg Minnaar osiągnął w 2001 roku kiedy zwyciężył w klasyfikacji generalnej Pucharu Świata, a na mistrzostwach świata w Vail wywalczył brązowy medal, ulegając tylko Francuzowi Nicolasowi Vouillozowi i Brytyjczykowi Stevenowi Peatowi. Na rozgrywanych w 2003 roku mistrzostwach świata w Lugano był najlepszy, a rok później, podczas mistrzostw świata w Les Gets był drugi za Francuzem Fabienem Barelem. W 2005 roku ponownie zwyciężył w klasyfikacji generalnej PŚ, a na mistrzostwach w Livigno był trzeci, ulegając Barelowi i Australijczykowi Samuelowi Hillowi. W 2006 roku zdobył srebrny medal na mistrzostwach świata w Rotorua, gdzie wyprzedził go jedynie Hill, a cztery lata później - na mistrzostwach w Mont-Sainte-Anne był ponownie trzeci, za Hillem i Kanadyjczykiem Stevenem Smithem. W 2012 roku, podczas mistrzostw świata w Leogang Greg ponownie zwyciężył. Po raz trzeci Puchar Świata zdobył w sezonie 2008, a ponadto zajmował drugie miejsce w latach 2008, 2010 i 2011 oraz trzecie w latach 2006 i 2009. Swój trzeci tytuł mistrzowski zdobył na mistrzostwach świata w Pietermaritzburgu, wyprzedzając Australijczyków: Michaela Hannah i Jareda Gravesa. Sezon 2013 zakończył na trzeciej pozycji, przegrywając tylko ze Stevenem Smithem i Brytyjczykiem Gee Athertonem.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil na cyclingarchives.com

Południowoafrykańscy kolarze górscy
Urodzeni w 1981


Home / News / Big Tom and Margo perform 'Through the Years' on The Late Late Show!
Big Tom and Margo perform 'Through the Years' on The Late Late Show!
Making good on a promise made during The Late Late Show Country Special, Big Tom and Margo perform their new duet, 'Through the Years'.
'A Love That's Lasted Through The Years' is out now!


Dressage is a slow, step by step process of building the equine body in good posture for maximum relaxation while maintaining good postural balance during performance.
Forward movement should be your first concern when training your young equine prospect under saddle.
Lateral exercises should only be done AFTER your equine is moving freely forward and able to extend his gaits while maintaining the same rhythm without speeding up.
The Counter Canter is a movement used to perfect the postural balance and body alignment of the equine at canter in the upper levels of dressage.
It is important that your equine learns to do nice balanced stops before he is actually schooled for the sliding stops in Reining.
It is essential that your equine learns to rein back straight and true and only give you as many steps as you ask him for while maintaining good balance and relaxation.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #95 - The Reinback Under Saddle.
Rollbacks are a good exercise to build adequate bulk muscle in the equine's hindquarters for controlled turns, spins, jumping and pulling.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #96 - Rollback Under Saddle.
When teaching your equine to spin, start very slow and build speed only as you are able to maintain accuracy.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #97 - Teaching Your Equine to Spin.
It is not enough to just go out and jump. There are things to learn and practice if you expect to jump your equine safely.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #98 - Preliminary Jumping Directives.
The canter pole exercises will help your equine to learn to measure his strides to the jump and allow him to jump efficiently.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #99 - The Canter Pole.
The equine that has not been prepped correctly for jumping will often over-jump fences. If you begin jumping over cavalletti, it will help him to better learn how to gauge the heights of the jumps.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #100 - Preliminary Cavalletti Exercises.
Gymnastic exercises will help your equine to quickly adjust his stride and jump only as high as he needs to in order to clear the jumps.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #101 - Gymnastics Exercises.
The equipment you use for jumping is designed for yours and your equine's ultimate safety and performance.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #102 - Jumping Equipment.
There are three main jumping positions that you will need to know to help your equine to jump efficiently and safely.
This Detailed Description covers information discussed in Training Tip #104 - Different Types of Jumps.


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Summary of the boy in the
Summary Analysis Bruno, who often does not get along with his twelve-year-old sister Gretel, secretly wishes she could have stayed behind in Berlin.
About A Boy by Nick Hornby is a novel of coming of age at middle age. Will Freeman is a thirty-six year old man who lives off the royalties of a song that his father wrote nearly seventy years ago.
What Happens in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas?
Will is commitment-phobic, so when he meets a single mother and discovers that this type of woman is just as reluctant to commit as he, he makes up a two-year old son so he can join a single parents group. Through this group Will meets twelve year old Marcus, a child who is completely opposite of Will.
Marcus pushes himself on Will, hoping at first that Will might marry his mother, but later realizing that Will has all the knowledge Marcus needs to help him survive middle school. Together, Will and Marcus will struggle through everyday life and somehow help one another mature.
Mean Streets () - IMDb
At the same time, Marcus finds himself a target for all the bullies at his new school. Marcus attempts to get sympathy from his mother, but she is so focused on her own depression that she does not see how desperate Marcus truly is. At the same time, Will Freeman, who is commitment phobic, has recently discovered that despite his dislike of all children, dating single women can be beneficial to both him and them.
Will has dated a single mother who is so jaded by the breakup of her marriage, that all she wanted from Will was a sexual relationship.
This causes Will to decide that the only women he should date is single women. Will makes up a two year old son and joins a single parents support group. Suzie is blond and beautiful. She is deeply angry at the man who left her for his secretary while she was still pregnant with their only child.
During the picnic, Will makes a halfhearted attempt to get to know Marcus, but Marcus has a dark sense of humor that Will cannot understand. Will and Suzie take Marcus home. Will accompanies the group to the hospital, unsure why he is there and unable to offer any consolation to Marcus.
Over the next few days, Marcus finds himself dealing with the idea that his mother attempted suicide. Not only this, but tension at school has grown considerably worse.
Marcus gets it into his head that his family needs to be increased by one more person so that he will not be alone should his mother succeed the next time she tries to commit suicide.
To this end, Marcus decides his mother should marry Will. Will offers to take Marcus out one afternoon to help him through the stress at home.
Marcus insists that Will include his mother in the day out. However, Marcus is determined to continue bringing them together.On September 9, , the Elijah P.
Utter wagon train was attacked by Indians along the South Alternate of the Oregon Trail northeast of the present day town of Murphy, Idaho. Heads Up: This review is based on the first few episodes of Season 1 only.
I was really looking forward to Rick and Morty based on the hilarious teaser and the fact . Local Storm Report App Help. This application allows the quick viewing of National Weather Service (NWS) issued Local Storm Reports (LSR). These LSRs are issued by local NWS forecast offices for their area of responsibility.
Oliver Twist | Summary, Context, & Reception | torosgazete.com
Life as a ship's boy aboard HMS Dolphin is a dream come true for Jacky Faber. Gone are the days of scavenging for food and fighting for survival on the streets of eighteenth-century London. About A Boy by Nick Hornby is a novel of coming of age at middle age.
Will Freeman is a thirty-six year old man who lives off the royalties of a song that his father wrote nearly seventy years ago. Will is commitment-phobic, so when he meets a single mother and discovers that this type of woman is.
Complete summary of John Boyne's The Boy in the Striped Pajamas. eNotes plot summaries cover all the significant action of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas.
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Boy A () - Rotten Tomatoes


After surgery, your joint may be swollen, painful, and stiff. Recovery times can vary. Your surgeon will tell you when to resume activity. If you had a loose body or bone spur removed, you may be able to bear weight when the pain is gone. You may need to wear a surgical boot or cast, limit weight-bearing, and use crutches for some time.
To help with healing, you may be instructed to draw the letters of the alphabet in the air with your feet.
Elevate and ice your ankle.
Use a bandage to compress your ankle.
When you shower, cover your ankle with plastic to keep it dry.
Don't drive until your surgeon tells you it's OK to do so.
☐ Schedule your first follow-up visit after surgery as instructed.
☐ Take care of your incision and bathe as directed.
☐ Complete your physical therapy program.


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World Medicine Report
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Home » Health Problems » The Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia
The Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy disorder that is characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine. The condition typically arises after 20 weeks of pregnancy and in severe cases, red blood cell breakdown occurs resulting in low blood platelet count, compromised liver function, kidney dysfunction, shortness of breath due to fluid buildup in the lungs, swelling, and visual disturbances. If left untreated, it may result in seizures: this is called eclampsia.
Image Credit: Artemida-psy/Shutterstock.com
There is a genetic underpinning to pre-eclampsia that has been recognized since the 19th century. Oftentimes, two genotypes must be considered; the mothers and the fetus (with a paternal contribution, paternal genes must also be considered).
Recent investigations have estimated the heritability of pre-eclampsia to be ~ 55%, with contributions from both maternal and fetal genes. In twin studies of the condition, concordance of pre-eclampsia is as common as discordance. The largest published twin study to date has revealed pre-eclampsia penetrance to be <50%, suggesting models of inheritance are diverse.
Pre-eclampsia is considered to be a complex genetic disorder; in a small number of cases, pre-eclampsia does follow mendelian patterns of inheritance. The condition arises as a result of numerous common variants at different loci which, produce small effects individually, but collectively a large susceptibility to disease.
Whether or not each of these low penetrant variants produces a phenotype is dependant on environmental exposures which include age and weight. In addition, the cause cannot be attributed to a single variant in each case of pre-eclampsia; it is more likely that different variants could be associated with various subsets of disease.
In a study of Latin American women, several genetic variants were found to influence an individual's predisposition to pre-eclampsia. Some variants were consistently associated with pre-eclampsia across different populations despite ethnic and genetic background differences inherent in the Latin American population studied. It was also found that genetic intra and inter variation produced a large effect on predisposition to pre-eclampsia.
To read more about pre-eclampsia, click here.
The Genetic Component
It has been reported that women who have first-degree relatives with pre-eclampsia are at five times enhanced risk of developing the disease. In cases where women had second-degree relatives with the condition, the risk of them developing pre-eclampsia was doubled.
A large genetic association study of pre-eclampsia studied 775 single nucleotide polymorphism in 120 genes across > 350 mothers with pre-eclampsia compared to 602 women in a control group without pre-eclampsia.
In this study, six genes were detected that confirmed significant evidence of a maternal-fetal genotype interaction that was related to the development of pre-eclampsia. These genes were: IGF1, IL4R, IGF2R, GNB3, CSF1, and THBS4. Combined with these findings other studies suggest that polygenic inheritance with a genetic component for pre-eclampsia is multifactoral.
As such, several biological candidate genes and polymorphism have been examined in relation to pre-eclampsia.
Immune Maladaptation
ERAP1 and 2
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and 2) play a role in the immune response through their involvement in antigen presentation. Data in mice have demonstrated that ERAP1 (predominantly), as well as ERAP2, are responsible for trimming MHC Class 1 presented peptides. single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERAP2 have been demonstrated in Australian, New Zealand, and Norwegian populations that are associated with pre-eclampsia.
These same single nucleotide polymorphisms have also been associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in African American populations; however, they have not been found to cause an increased risk of pre-eclampsia in a Chilean population. This supports the notion that pre-eclampsia has a heterogeneous genetic association, with variation observed between different ethnic groups.
TNFSF13B is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family of ligands. This gene is involved in the regulation of the immune response to infections, inflammation, and autoimmune responses. It has been suggested that the role of TNFSF13B is to modulate the main system of the mother and help in the development of the fetus' immune system as receptors for TNFSF13B are expressed in cytotrophoblast cells and mesenchymal cells of the placenta during pregnancy.
At the placental level, TNFSF13B is thought to produce an anti-apoptotic effect. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene has been found in Australian and New Zealand families with pre-eclampsia. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphism is purported to result in abnormal development of the placenta in some populations.
Vascular and Endothelial Function
Several polymorphisms in VEGF have been correlated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. This has been shown in African American women as well as Caucasian women, however, single nucleotide polymorphisms were distinct in the two populations. All the data has also demonstrated that some polymorphisms in the gene can be protective.
This was seen in a Hungarian cohort of patients where the 405 C > polymorphism was associated with less severe pre-eclampsia. Single nucleotide polymorphism has also been found in the eNOS gene which controls the regulation of smooth muscle tone in the vascular system and critically determines the correct blood perfusion of the placenta. Alongside eNOS, CYP11B2 encodes a steroid 11/18-beta-hydroxylase which synthesizes the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with a protective effect.
Thrombophilic Disorders
Single nucleotide polymorphism in genes associated with thrombophilic conditions is also associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. Genes connected to thrombophilic conditions that are associated with risk of pre-eclampsia are as follows:
The human prothrombin (F2), factor V gene, SERPINE1 gene (encodes endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the major inhibitor of fibrinolysis
In addition to these sets of genes, single nucleotide polymorphism has been found in genes related to metabolism and oxidative stress.
Pre-eclampsia is ultimately a multifactorial disease where maternal and fetal factors result in a multi-component risk. The condition cannot be attributed to a single factor, and several are needed in concert to produce symptoms of pre-eclampsia.
Several studies across different populations have identified maternal polymorphisms that are associated with pre-eclampsia through candidate gene approaches. These findings are observational and require complementary genome-wide approaches. Moreover, evaluation of the interaction between genes and the environment and the relative effects of the paternal and embryonic genotypes also need investigating.
Valenzuela FJ, Pérez-Sepúlveda A, Torres MJ, et al. (2012) Pathogenesis of preeclampsia: the genetic component. J Pregnancy. doi: 10.1155/2012/632732.
Michita RT, Kaminski VL, Chies JAB. (2018) Genetic Variants in Preeclampsia: Lessons From Studies in Latin-American Populations. Front Physiol. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01771.
Williams PJ, Broughton Pipkin F. (2011) The genetics of pre-eclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.02.007.
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Hidaya Aliouche
Hidaya is a science communications enthusiast who has recently graduated and is embarking on a career in the science and medical copywriting. She has a B.Sc. in Biochemistry from The University of Manchester. She is passionate about writing and is particularly interested in microbiology, immunology, and biochemistry.
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Bryan Leister
new media, interactive installations, game design, interactive art, algorithmic images, oil painting
statement and bio
exhibitionSpace
Indistinct Boundaries
Influence Fields
Mouse of Amherst
Pixels in the Closet
Temporal Interference
Urban Harmonics
Visual Instrument
A Message for Survivors
implied milk
Serious Play Interactive Table
Valley (diptych)
binary series
exolith.form[ ]
Observations( )
Indistinct Boundaries #2
Skating Still
Pierre L'Enfant
Giant Blood Sucking Vampire Squid
Diatomeysian Earth
DNO : Rasa's Journey
Pygmalion's Challenge
Toltec Totem
"I am interested in creating digital and analog experiences that inhabit a space between reality and the uncanny. If the work I create can implicate the viewer in questioning the reality (or absurdity) of things, I consider it a success. My medium of choice is code, ultimately realized through installations, animations, digital images, electro-acoustic audio, video games and digital prints."
Bryan Leister works across a broad range of media reflecting his education in design and his career as an illustrator and artist. His illustration work has appeared on the cover of Time, BusinessWeek, Forbes, Der Spiegel and the Atlantic Monthly. He has won over 100 awards from competitions such as Communication Arts, AIGA, Graphis, PRINT, including gold and silver medals from the Society of Illustrators in NYC. His oil paintings are in the collections of The Museum of American Art, The District of Columbia Historical society, Kohler, Celestial Seasonings, James River Paper Company, Blue Cross Blue Shields and many private collections.
His installations and animations have been exhibited at the Urban Institute for Contemporary Arts, Grand Rapids, MI, Parthenon Museum Nashville, The Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Arvada Center for the Arts and Humanities and The Corcoran Gallery of Art. He has collaborated with modern and contemporary ballet dance companies for performances at The Kennedy Center Millenium Stage in Washington DC, Perfomatica in Mexico and at the King Center, Atlas Center for the Arts, Lone Tree Arts Center and Lakewood Cultural Center in Colorado.
His animated shorts have screened in festivals including the Altanta Film Festival, Ann Arbor Film Festival, New York Underground Film Festival, Brooklyn Arts Film Festival, the Chicago Underground Film Festival and includes a juror's award at the Black Maria Film Festival. His most recent work in experimental video art game and design has been exhibited at Redline Denver, Walker Fine Art, Plus Gallery, Media Arts Festival in Colorado, IndieCade West in California and internationally as part of Data Canvas – Sense your City. Many of these works can be downloaded from Google Play and/or the Apple App store.
Leister currently works from his studio in Denver, Colorado and is an Associate Professor at the University of Colorado Denver where he teaches Digital Design. He received a BFA from Virginia Commonwealth University and an MFA in Art and Visual Technology from George Mason University.


Work like this for me is totally spontaneous, based on a feeling or an atmosphere I want to communicate. Not at all thought out. Just entirely spontaneous layers and happenings and bits of this and that that morph into other bits. I am very proud of this large piece.... 8ft x 12 ft, acrylic, house paint and metallics. Picked up by a hundred year old Wall Covering and fabric company. In fact, if you can keep a secret, I have a whole collection launching sometime in 2020. Shhhhh.


Heard this guy on WTIC radio a few days ago vilifying the NRA. Of course when he was pointedly asked if he thought his comments also pertained to the individual members he resorted to politi-speak and danced like he was on a reality TV show. So, he got me mad enough to decide to rejoin the NRA. I was a member some years ago but left because of the endless and numerous requests for money. As I was preparing to rejoin it occurred to me to 'think global and act local' so I instead joined the CCDL. Also ordered decals so that others who have similar thoughts regarding the 2nd Amendment may feel encouraged to join. Now we'll see if my car gets keyed in the parking lot at work. Guess I'll want to start parking near the CCTV cameras. I am not being overboard here as we have people who display all sorts of anti-Trump paraphernalia on their cars, clothing, and in their work spaces.
I agree with you 100%, No stickers on my vehicles as well. We the working class, are very easy to pattern, Leave for work everyday at the same time, etc.
I don't think a CCDL or NRA sticker is going to make LE more likely to look at you. I also suspect that if you are pulled over for something else seeing that sticker may actually help reduce any nervousness because while you may have a weapon in the vehicle one might presume an NRA or CCDL member is trained and law abiding.
As for being patterned - this is where the basic anti terrorism training I rec'd in the Corps pays off. Vary your routes and times as much as possible. Always, always, always have situational awareness for defensive driving as well as marking cars around/behind you and watch if they seem to be following you for too long.
When I see an NRA, CCDL, or military service sticker (combinations are the best to my eyes) of any type I find it encouraging that there are other in this wacked state who are on the same page as I am. Perhaps we've been taking the wrong tack. Instead of trying to go under the radar perhaps we need to be 'loud and proud' to coin a phrase. Maybe, just maybe, pols and others would start rethinking things if 10, 20, 30, or 40% or more of the cars on the road had an NRA or CCDL sticker.
neighborhood a few times and see your ad on the rear window or bumper, pattern your work schedule and there you go, JMO.
Which is one (of the many) reasons I moved to a more rural area. Sure break ins happen even here. But its way less common than the densely populated towns.


Canon Business Process Services, a leading provider of managed services and technology, will offer two presentations addressing critical accounts payable (AP) topics next week at the Institute of Financial Operations' 2015 Educational Conference and Exposition.
The first presentation, "Transform AP from an Administrative Function to a Strategic Partner," highlights how AP departments can become more collaborative and strategic (5/12, 9:30 AM‒10:30 AM, Daytona 1). The other Canon presentation, "Using Metrics to Drive Business Strategy in your AP Process," focuses on the power of using analytics to identify areas for AP process improvement (5/13, 4:15 PM‒5:15 PM, Miami 1).
This year's Fusion conference, one of the industry's premier events, focuses on helping professionals discover the future of financial operations. The conference takes place May 11th to May 14th at the Gaylord Palms Resort and Convention Center in Orlando, Florida.
To learn more about improving accounts payable processing visit Canon Accounts Payable Services. Canon's Accounts Payable Optimization Study spotlights best practices including how departments can begin to decrease paper usage in order to contain costs, increase processing efficiency and reduce risk.