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Pteronisculus è un genere di pesci ossei estinti, appartenenti agli attinotterigi. Visse tra il Triassico inferiore e il Triassico medio (circa 250 - 244 milioni di anni fa) e i suoi resti fossili sono stati ritrovati in Madagascar, Groenlandia, Spitzbergen, Cina e Canada.

Descrizione
Questo pesce era di piccole dimensioni, e non superava generalmente i 10 centimetri di lunghezza. Era dotato di un muso affusolato con occhi grandi, un corpo fusiforme e una pinna caudale profondamente biforcuta. La pinna dorsale era triangolare e posta appena dopo la metà del corpo, obliquamente contrapposta alla pinna anale leggermente arretrata; le pinne pelviche erano piccole e molto avanzate, mentre le pinne pettorali erano ampie. Pteronisculus era caratterizzato da un suspensorium particolarmente obliquo e da scaglie molto piccole. L'osso lacrimale, inoltre, contribuiva al margine delle fauci. L'ornamentazione delle scaglie richiamava quella di Gyrolepis.

Classificazione
Pteronisculus è un genere di pesci attinotterigi classicamente annoverato tra i paleonisciformi, un grande gruppo comprendente tutti gli attinotterigi arcaici del Paleozoico e del primo Mesozoico. In realtà, revisioni più recenti hanno determinato che lo stesso Palaeoniscum era più derivato rispetto a Pteronisculus, ed è probabile che questo genere fosse un rappresentante basale degli attinotterigi. La specie tipo è Pteronisculus cicatrosus, descritta per la prima volta da White nel 1933 e proveniente da terreni del Triassico inferiore del Madagascar. A questo genere sono poi state attribuite numerose altre specie, ma solo poche sono riconosciute attualmente come valide: P. stensioi e P. magnus del Triassico inferiore della Groenlandia orientale e P. nielseni del Triassico medio dello Yunnan (Cina). Altri esemplari attribuiti a Pteronisculus provengono dal Triassico inferiore del Canada e dal Triassico medio di Spitsbergen.

Bibliografia
White E I, 1933. New Triassic Palaeoniscids from Madagascar. Ann Mag Nat Hist, 10: 118–128
Stensiö E A, 1921. Triassic Fishes from Spitzbergen. I. Vienna: Adolf Holzhausen. 1–307
Stensiö E A, 1932. Triassic Fishes from East Greenland. Medd Grønl, 83: 1–305
Lehman J P, 1952. Etude complémentaire des possions de l'Eotrias de Madagascar. Kungl Sven Vetenskap Hangdl, Ser 4, 2: 1–201
Xu, Guang-Hui & Shen, Chenchen & Zhao, Li-Jun. (2014). Pteronisculus nielseni sp. nov., a new stem-actinopteran fish from the Middle Triassic of Luoping, Yunnan Province, China. VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA.

Altri progetti

Attinotterigi estinti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Narcotics Control Board Destroying Coca Cultures
05 MARCH 2008 -
Report Criticizes Governments Over Consumption of Coca Leaf
In a culturally insensitive and irrational move, the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) has called for the governments of Bolivia and Peru to abolish all uses of the coca leaf, including coca leaf chewing.
In its 2007 annual report, the INCB asks Bolivia and Peru to make possessing and using coca leaf criminal offenses--a move that would affect millions of people in the Andes and Amazon, according to the Transnational Institute (TNI), a group that studies drugs and conflict in the region.
Coca leaf is widely consumed in both countries, both as a part of daily life and in indigenous religious ceremonies. The leaves have a mild stimulant effect similar to coffee. In the above places, there is no abuse of the plant whatsoever; the abuse happens when it is extracted and made into cocaine; a phenomena that swept the USA, but has never been practiced in cultures that use the coca leaf like coffee.
Despite the leaves' mild effect, the United Nations (UN) classifies them in the same category--Schedule I--as cocaine and heroin. This designation was made in 1961 based on a flawed study described by Martin Jelsma, coordinator of the drugs program at TNI, as "inspired by colonial and racist sentiments rather than science."
The INCB is a UN monitoring body that oversees the implementation of the UN drug control conventions. It is heavily influenced by the United States when making and suggesting policy.
Ayahuasca, shamanism, and curanderismo in the Andes ()
The term ayahuasca comes from the Quechua, meaning literally "the vine of souls," although it is also called "the visionary vine" or the "vine of death." The folk term refers to the botanical species of liana known as Banisteriopsis Caapi , which is also known as Yage among the Indians of Brazil.
Anti-Drug Gains in Colombia Don't Reduce Flow to U.S. (28 April 2005)
Five years and $3 billion into the most aggressive counternarcotics operation ever here, American and Colombian officials say they have eradicated a record-breaking million acres of coca plants, yet cocaine remains as available as ever on American streets, perhaps more so.
Plants as Teachers Among 4 Mestizo Shamans of Iquitos, Peru ()
In the city of Iquitos and its vicinity there is even today a rich tradition of folk medicine. Practitioners, some of whom qualify as shamans, make an important contribution to the psychosomatic health of the inhabitants of this area.
The Drug War Is The Inquisition (01 November 2001)
Racism, of course, was originally a form of anti-tribalism, driven by the economic value of enslavement. We are no longer overtly racist, in our public laws at least, but we are still politically driven by industrial power centers, still brutally anti-tribal, structurally violent, to millions of our children, our tribal primitives, and to our shamanic adults. Our contemporary slaver war, our Drug War, is a direct descendant, via the Inquisition, of Roman slave law, called Prohibitio by the Romans, Prohibition.
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In an age when "four out of ten" self-described liberals block their political opponents on Facebook, how can we save liberal values?
The #PanamaPapers – do you think they laugh at us?
Where has the In campaign been?
Beyond satire – Donald Trump as light entertainment.


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Q: Create nested object of booleans, arrays and objects from array I am trying to create an object to satisfy the structure required by json-logic-js. An example of that structure is provided below.
The source array is made up of booleans and strings. Strings can only be OR, AND, NAND or NOR. For now am I working only with OR and AND.
The array of booleans and strings might look like the below. The values are dynamic. So the booleans can be either true or false and strings as mentioned above.
const source = [false, "OR", false, "OR", false, "AND", false, "AND", false, "OR", true]

The grouping of this source array if it were in an if statement would I believe be as follows:
(false || false || (false && false && false) || true) // true

And I would expect to output the following object which satifies the json-logic-js JS package:
const result = {
    'or': [
        false,
        false,
        {
            'and': [
                false,
                false,
                false,
            ]
        },
        true,
    ]
}

I have tried recursive functions and have been playing with the .reduce() method but as have yet been unable to find a solution. I struggle creating the object as I iterate over the source array. I have searched for similar answers here on SO but none seem to want the same result object structure as I do.

A: Try the following solution. Hopefully the code is more or less self-explanatory:

function process(arr) {
  const isBool = (x) => x === true || x === false;
  const prec = (x) => -["AND", "OR"].indexOf(x);

  // Convert infix -> postfix
  const postfix = [];
  const ops = [];
  for (const x of arr) {
    if (!isBool(x)) {
      const prev = ops[ops.length - 1];
      if (prev === undefined || prec(x) > prec(prev)) {
        ops.push(x);
      } else {
        while (ops.length > 0 && prec(x) < prec(ops[ops.length - 1])) {
          postfix.push(ops.pop());
        }
        ops.push(x);
      }
    } else {
      postfix.push(x);
    }
  }
  postfix.push(...ops.reverse());

  // Convert postfix -> output format
  const stack = [];
  for (const x of postfix) {
    if (!isBool(x)) {
      const op = x.toLowerCase();
      const prevs = [stack.pop(), stack.pop()];
      const obj = prevs.find((y) => !isBool(y) && y.hasOwnProperty(op));
      if (obj !== undefined) {
        const other = prevs.find((y) => y !== obj);
        obj[op].push(other);
        stack.push(obj);
      } else {
        stack.push({
          [op]: prevs,
        });
      }
    } else {
      stack.push(x);
    }
  }
  return stack[0];
}

console.log(JSON.stringify(process([false, "OR", false, "OR", false, "AND", false, "AND", false, "OR", true]), null, 2));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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GOP Set to Grapple on Government Funding
(Image via flickr)
August 31, 2016 at 2:04 pm ET
Republican leaders will be forced into an intraparty debate over how to fund the federal government and stave off a shutdown when Congress reconvenes after Labor Day.
With government funding set to expire at the end of September, lawmakers have begun negotiating the terms of a stopgap measure, known as a continuing resolution, to keep the government running. The debate among Republicans centers on the length of that spending measure.
A short-term extension through December is favored by some Republican leaders and almost all Democrats. Under this scenario, Congress would work with the Obama administration after the November elections in a lame-duck session to pass a larger spending bill, called an omnibus.
The GOP's fiscal hawks, meanwhile, are pushing for legislation that funds the government into next year for the next White House. They want to avoid a situation where lawmakers are forced to vote on a must-pass omnibus bill after the elections. They say that scenario would lead to spending increases and extensions of tax cuts for special interests. They also decry the nature of omnibuses, which in years past have been negotiated by leadership behind closed doors and voted on in a must-pass scenario with little time for lawmakers to review them.
Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) have been mum on the issue, but will have to decide between the two approaches before the end of September. Inaction would result in a government shutdown starting on Oct. 1, the first day of fiscal year 2017. House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) said Wednesday the House GOP conference would continue discussions next week on which tack they'll take on the stopgap funding measure.
Both approaches come with advantages and disadvantages.
Rep. Tom Cole (R-Okla.), a senior appropriator and supporter of passing an omnibus in December, offered the viewpoint of lawmakers who support the end-of-calendar-year scenario.
"There will be victories [for Republicans in an omnibus], but if you don't negotiate you don't have a chance to win anything at all," the Oklahoma Republican said Monday in a phone interview. "And you just put the government on automatic pilot, which means all the work you did redirecting spending towards Republican priorities will be lost," he added, referring to House votes that have already taken place on appropriations bills.
In Cole's view, Republicans have more leverage in spending negotiations this year, especially if the GOP loses its Senate majority or if Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton is elected president.
"There's certainly a chance that we would be in a weaker situation in 2017 than we are in 2016," he said. "I suspect Republicans in the Senate, if they're not in the majority [next year], would prefer to negotiate while they are as opposed to not."
Cole also said Republicans could probably get a better deal negotiating with the outgoing Obama administration. "I think it's actually easier to deal with this president, who is on the way out, to get some things, as opposed to the next president, who will be at the beginning of their term and presumably at the peak of their popularity," he said.
A downside to the December approach is that GOP leaders would likely have to rely on Democratic support to pass a shorter-term continuing resolution right before the November elections. That could anger the Republican base.
"It doesn't really help your case in November if what you're doing is you're essentially moving a funding bill a little bit, a month before the election, with members of the other party," said Paul Winfree, the director of the Heritage Foundation's Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies. "I just don't see that they're going to get something that comes together that sort of sets up lame-duck activity without going to Democrats."
Winfree's group wants Congress to pass a one-year spending bill before the elections that reduces spending dramatically, to sequestration levels. The Heritage Foundation plans to roll out policy papers with its views on a continuing resolution and the lame-duck session in the coming weeks.
Passing a longer-term spending bill in September is also the preferred solution of a coalition of more than 30 conservative groups.
Andy Koenig, senior policy adviser for coalition member Freedom Partners, says passing a spending bill in a lame-duck session would mean not being accountable to voters. Lead negotiators in the Senate, Minority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) and Appropriations Committee ranking member Barbara Mikulski (D-Md.), are retiring after this congressional term. Other lawmakers who are retiring or who lose in November would also be voting in the lame-duck session.
"Congress must pass a spending bill long enough to ensure lame-duck lawmakers don't spend more of their hard-earned money this fall," Koenig said Tuesday in a statement.
Cole counters that view by saying a longer-term spending bill in September raises the specter of a government shutdown at a later date. It could also tie spending negotiations to the debt ceiling, which must be raised by March.
"Pushing a CR to March just really complicates things and increases the likelihood of showdown/shutdown kind of thing, which I don't think is to the country's advantage and I don't think is to the advantage of the Republican Party either," Cole said.
The coalition that wants a long-term CR, which includes Koch brothers-affiliated groups and Grover Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform, is trying to muster support on Capitol Hill. It sent a letter to lawmakers Tuesday urging their support, and officials plan to lobby on Capitol Hill when Congress reconvenes next week.
"We have an aggressive schedule of over a hundred Hill targets that we are going to be going to," Luke Hilgemann, chief executive of coalition member Americans for Prosperity, told reporters Tuesday on a phone call. "The key with this is that the same message they're going to hear in Washington is the same message they're going to hear in their districts, because that's where our activists live. And that's where we are going to be putting pressure on these folks to make sure that they don't come back and pass some ridiculous spending appropriations at the end of this year."
While Ryan and McConnell have been tight-lipped on the issue, Freedom Partners points out that Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn (R-Texas) and Republican Study Committee Chairman Rep. Bill Flores (R-Texas) have both been on record supporting a spending bill that goes into next year.
Cole acknowledged that quite a few Republicans support a longer-term spending bill, but he said he's uncertain which approach GOP leaders will take. "I don't know," Cole said. "There's a lot of members that want to go to March. They usually can't, in my view, give you a pretty convincing argument."
If Cole were to have it his way, Congress would consider several smaller spending packages in December that he said would be easier for lawmakers to digest than an omnibus.
"It just depends on a lot of goodwill," Cole said. "But it's a lot easier for Congress to deal with the entire discretionary budget in bite-size chunks, so to speak, and it will be negotiated with more precision and more clarity if we approach it that way. I think that's what our leadership wants to do. But if we can't do that, I would still favor an omnibus over a continuing resolution that lasts past the end of the year."
Winfree said GOP leaders will take the approach that has the most Republican support.
"They're going to bring some funding bill that's going to have the most support from the majority in both chambers forward, and I think that that right now is probably some sort of long-term continuing resolution," he said.


text:
Tag: artificial intelligence
SciFi Tech Talk #000198 – Tau
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Julie, Jeff, and Mike discuss the 2018 movie Tau:
"A woman is held captive by a scientist in a futuristic smart house, and hopes to escape by reasoning with the Artificial Intelligence that controls the house." – imdb.com
Next episode: The 2018 movie Annihilation:
"A biologist signs up for a dangerous, secret expedition into a mysterious zone where the laws of nature don't apply." – imdb.com
SciFi Tech Talk #000195 – We Are Legion (We Are Bob)
We Are Legion (We Are Bob) (Bobiverse, #1)
4.3 rating based on 45,442 ratings (all editions)
Goodreads: 35014337
Dennis E. Taylor
Published: //
Bob Johansson has just sold his software company and is looking forward to a life of leisure. There are places to go, books to read, and movies to watch. So it's a little unfair when he gets himself killed crossing the street.
Bob wakes up a century later to find that corpsicles have been declared to be without rights, and he is now the property of the state. He has been uploaded into computer hardware and is slated to be the controlling AI in an interstellar probe looking for habitable planets. The stakes are high: no less than the first claim to entire worlds. If he declines the honor, he'll be switched off, and they'll try again with someone else. If he accepts, he becomes a prime target. There are at least three other countries trying to get their own probes launched first, and they play dirty.
The safest place for Bob is in space, heading away from Earth at top speed. Or so he thinks. Because the universe is full of nasties, and trespassers make them mad – very mad.
Information from Goodreads.com
Links from Goodreads.com
We Are Legion (We Are Bob) Reviews
Next episode: The 2018 movie The Titan
"A military family takes part in a ground-breaking experiment of genetic evolution and space exploration." — imdb.com
SciFi Tech Talk #000193 – Her
Julie, Jeff and Mike discuss the 2013 movie Her: "Sensitive letter writer Theodore has just ended his marriage. Lonely, he goes out to buy an artificially intelligent Operating System that promises to give him everything he needs. Samantha is more than his average OS. She does secretarial work for him but also becomes his friend whenever he's lonely. They go out on adventures and travel together. He becomes the physical feet to get them places, and she the new eyes in which to see the world. Their intimate moments soon turn into love and they start an unusual relationship between OS and human. Things get complicated as they deal with Theodore's complex emotions and Samantha's inability to provide physical comfort. What happens to an OS when its consciousness is altered? Or to a sensitive man who doubts his emotions?" — Marielle on imdb.com
SciFi Tech Talk #000183 – 2312
Publisher: Orbit
The year is 2312. Scientific and technological advances have opened gateways to an extraordinary future. Earth is no longer humanity's only home; new habitats have been created throughout the solar system on moons, planets, and in between. But in this year, 2312, a sequence of events will force humanity to confront its past, its present, and its future.
The first event takes place on Mercury, on the city of Terminator, itself a miracle of engineering on an unprecedented scale. It is an unexpected death, but one that might have been foreseen. For Swan Er Hong, it is an event that will change her life. Swan was once a woman who designed worlds. Now she will be led into a plot to destroy them.
Next episode: The 1968 movie Barbarella
"Barbarella, an astronaut from the 41st century, sets out to find and stop the evil scientist Durand Durand, whose Positronic Ray threatens to bring evil back into the galaxy." – imdb.com
solar system travel


Amanda was born and raised in Manassas, Virginia. She has over 7 years of experience in healthcare administration and enjoys interacting with and helping patients of all ages get well. She earned an Associates Degree in Applied Science from Northern VA Community College and hopes to be an RN one day.
Amanda enjoys the beach, warm weather, softball, football (Go Redskins!), baseball (Go Nationals!) and spending time with her family and two children who adore swimming and being in the water as well!


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NEWS: Nadine Shah Residency
A unique opportunity for emerging female artists in the North East
By NARC. on Monday, July 30th, 2018
Image by Anna Victoria Best
Critically-acclaimed, inspirational musician Nadine Shah has been given the opportunity for a unique residency in her home town of Newcastle Upon Tyne, as Generator and Brighter Sound bring the artist to share her wealth of experience with up-and-coming female musicians.
She is joined by much lauded producer Ben Hillier, who is known for his work with Elbow, Blur, Doves and more. The residency with Nadine takes place from Monday 20th-Friday 24th August, with Ben joining for the last two days. The newly established Blank Studios is hosting alongside the much-loved community venue Star & Shadow Cinema.
It's a fantastic opportunity for four emerging female artists from the North East, and successful applicants will be guided to develop their songwriting skills, musicianship, vocal technique and production awareness as well as learning to work in an incredible, independent recording studio.
Requirements for applying are that you are over 18, an emerging female musician, based in the North East of England and have a strong vocal component to your work. Applications close at midnight on Sunday 5th August and more details and the application process can be found here.
News: Jump Cut @ Star and Shadow Cinema
News: Uncanny Canny Tales @ Star and Shadow Cinema
NEWS: Nadine Shah @ Playhouse Whitley Bay
Monday, July 1
FEATURE: Festival Of The Not @ Star & Shadow
FEATURE: Getting To Know…Tracyanne & Danny (Tracyanne)
NEWS: Mike Cooper @ Star & Shadow
INTERVIEW: O Messy Life
NEWS: The Hexagon Experiments
LIVE REVIEW: Nadine Shah – Lauren Laverne's Great Northern Soundtrack @ Sage Gateshead (24.6.18)
NEWS: Dunes single release
MIXTAPE: Sam Grant, Blank Studios


In2Motion have provided me with a variety of services which have enabled me to complete at a national level in Athletics. I originally needed rehabilitation from a hamstring injury in 2009/10. With the injury being a priority for them, they were still able to understand me need to be training/completing as soon as possible.
They provided me with management techniques and rehabilitation which had me back up and running within 2 weeks. This enabled me to prepare adequately for the Australian Championships, and run a personal best, which I have no doubt would not have occurred without the enthusiastic approach that the team at In2Motion displayed. They have continued to be my preferred facility for rehabilitation, as well as regular massages to assist in injury prevention.
They are now also responsible for my strength and conditioning programs which are specifically tailored to my needs, and built around the facilities and equipment that I have available. Since starting these programs, I've had a noticeable improvement in performance, and will continue to liaise with the team at In2Motion for all the services they provide and value the ongoing support they have offered.


text:
Happy Sad
Avant-Garde, Experimental, Folk/ Folk-Rock, Greatest Records, Jazz Rock, Singer-Songwriter
"Oblivion carries me on his shoulder: Beyond the suns I speak and circuits shiver" ('Starsailor')
It might sound like baloney to claim that Starsailor killed Tim Buckley, but in his resoluteness to go as far with the voice as 'Trane went with the horn, he came undone. The culmination of this intrepid expedition to the outer limits was a rejection by his audience and a subsequent descent into psychological chaos, exacerbated by spiralling alcohol and (ultimately fatal) drug abuse.
Starsailor has to be understood in the context of Tim's recording a career. If you are unfamiliar with his work it would be imprudent to begin here. Having said that, much has been written about Tim's music, some of which is amongst the best rock literature (for example Max Bell's NME retrospective (http://timbuckley.net/articles/nme-1979.shtml) and there are even more insightful accounts, such as Chronicle Of A Starsailor by Lee Underwood, Tim's friend, lead guitarist and along with Larry Beckett, closest musical confidante. (http://www.timbuckley.com/tim-buckley-chronicle-of-a-starsailor/)
I suggest you read both of these if you get the opportunity. Underwood captures with particularly incisive brevity Buckley's remarkable musical odyssey:
"I watched him grow from a Bambi-eyed littleboy poet prattling about paper hearts and Valentines, into a hurricane-haired rock and roller, into a madman/genius improvisational vocalist who blew all the pups away, and finally into a lowdown, roadhouse, sex-thumping stomper who injected steam and blood and juice into an r&b music nobody cared about."
And that really just about sums up Tim's development as an artist. Starsailor sits as the pivotal moment in a riveting musical journey which has few parallels in the history of rock. Chronologically, it comes exactly half way through Tim's recording career (1970) – despite being album number six of nine – and marks the peak of an assurgent creative curve from his self-titled 1966 debut onwards. After Starsailor, musical compromise set in and the artistic merit of his recordings gradually deteriorated along with his mental well-being.
The album's most famous track 'Song To The Siren' was successfully resurrected by This Mortal Coil in 1983, sung by Elizabeth Fraser. [Elizabeth of course later had an intense personal relationship with Tim's son Jeff whose short life bore an eerily tragic resemblance to his father's] Buckley's original is pitch perfect: in the context of the album itself you might say delicate, restrained, and along with the charming Parisian caress of 'Moulin Rouge', certainly unrepresentative of the bulk of its content.
Many of Tim's performances on Starsailor beggar belief, understandably inviting those 'operatic vocal gymnastics / acrobatics' descriptions which characterise reviews of the album. But this is over-simplistic journalism. After all, acrobats and gymnasts spend years perfecting rigidly complex routines. The reality for Tim was somewhat different. That's not to say the musical performances here lack discipline. Far from it, but, liberated from the constraints of the rock idiom, head swollen with Stockhausen, Monk, Mingus, Roland Kirk, Eric Dolphy and Ornette Coleman, he felt compelled to reach further with his voice than anyone had ever gone, and did so with an unbridled and ecstatic inventiveness.
It is clear from the outset that there are no rigid routines here. No, this is going to be a challenging listen. 'Come Here Woman' is a staggeringly ambitious calling card. It begins an ends with an avant-jazz skulk, redolent of the territory explored on his previous proper album Lorca. After the intro, suddenly the song leaps to life with Lee's dissonantly funky guitar and Tim's off key bawling. Moments later the skittish electric piano suggests we could be listening to Bitches Brew. It's complex. It's all over the place. It's a fantastic start…
On the brilliant 'Monterey' Tim sounds like a lustily crazed chimpanzee who has broken into a Magic Band recording session and wrestled the mic from the good Captain, his yelps,warbles and shrieks providing a bountiful exhibition of his vocal dexterity.
Side Two takes us to rock's outer limits. 'Jungle Fire's moody improvisational beginning is abruptly brought to a close by Buckley's ludicrously unhinged "deep insi-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-de" Tarzan yodel. What follows next is magnificent: an accelerating riff of earthy funk guitar amidst a blizzard of deranged wails and howls.I picture those kids shaking their hair to the Stones at Hyde Park in '69 and imagine how much further they would have gone to a soundtrack like this.
The title track is extraordinary, an abstract assemblage of 16 vocal tracks laid over one another to create something that seems to take us into the realm of metaphysics…even as it's last few notes fade, nothing can prepare us for the headlong rush of the introduction to 'The Healing Festival' which is genuinely shocking – goosebumps not only stand to attention but fly off my back in fright, seeking refuge from Buckley's hair-raising vocal assault, the aural equivalent of the mass slaughter of 10,000 dolphins. The horns, courtesy Bunk and Buzz Gardner from The Mothers Of Invention are wild and free yet still struggle to keep pace with Tim's five and a half octave vocal range.
The curtain comes down with 'Down By The Borderline' where flugelhorn gives way to the relatively more stoic rhythms that would anticipate the earthy soul of his next album Greetings From LA. A good album that, but by then Buckley had descended from the mountain, reclothed himself in flesh and bone and shifted his energies to the lower half of his body. A brief confused and sweaty future would follow, but he had already taken rock music as far as it could go.
PostScript: A Personal Footnote
[Misleading album sleeve #429] As a teenager, I had heard of Tim Buckley – his album Goodbye & Hello was referenced as the only one worthy of note in most rock music encyclopaedias, although I had recently spotted an entry for Starsailor in a Critics' Top 100 Albums book (edited by Paul Gambaccini). I flicked past Starsailor onto the album featured on the next page, which if I recall correctly may have been Private Dancer by Tina Turner!
Instead, my introduction to Tim's music came while browsing the A-Z in Glasgow's Virgin Records in February 1987. I had a £10 note in my pocket and back then this was enough to buy two, three, maybe even if one was canny enough, four albums. I was keen to make that £10 go as far as possible before inadvertently stumbling upon a US import of Tim's Happy Sad. It was priced at a prohibitive £8.99, but the picture on the back of the sleeve was of the coolest man I had ever seen. There were only six tracks, which varied in duration from 2 to 12 minutes. Those Bowie and Byrds albums would have to wait a bit longer. I simply had to have this. As a devotee of Astral Weeks I was naturally captivated by the music – a bewitching spell of jazz-folk reverie – which matched perfectly the image on the reverse of the sleeve with its hazy forest sunlight bursting through Tim's Dionysian locks.
I returned to the book store once again to gaze at the picture of 'Starsailor'. Nah, I thought, he looks too happy here – this must have been the contractual obligation album. Its juxtaposition, next to 'Private Dancer' did little to allay those concerns. Little did I know at the time that the album would go down in history as one of rock music's great acts of commercial suicide. (JJ)
April 14, 2015 April 19, 2019 tejopa Tagged Astral Weeks, Bitches Brew, Bunk Gardner, Buzz Gardner, Charles Mingus, Come Here Woman, Down By The Borderline, Elizabeth Fraser, Eric Dolphy, Goodby & Hello, Greetings From LA, Happy Sad, Jungle Fire, Larry Beckett, Lee Underwood, Lorca, Max Bell, Monterey, Mothers of Invention, Moulin Rouge, NME, Ornette Coleman, Paul Gambaccini, Roland Kirk, Song To The Siren, Stockhausen, The Healing Festival, The Magic Band, The Rolling Stones, Thelonious Monk, This Mortal Coil, Top 100 Albums	5 Comments
Jazz, New Thing!
It begins with a jaw-dropping celebratory blast of sax that snowballs into a technicolour avalanche of horns and percussive instruments, filling out every inch of the sound until breaking point – a joyous burst of spiritual energy loud enough to raise the dead from their tombs. It then retreats into a restrained and breezy tonal blues (with more than a subtle nod to 'A Love Supreme') featuring tropical split reeds and bells which shuffle the rhythm along gently, while vocalist Leon Thomas first sings, then as if possessed by some supernatural force, yodels (!) his hymn of praise, until once again, the momentum catapults the song forward towards its brain-scrambling cacophonous heart, which is as dense and aggressive as anything on 'Trane's 'Ascension'. And we're not even half way in yet! Welcome to Pharaoh Sanders' 'The Creator Has A Master Plan'. The awe-inspiring 32 minute masterpiece is brim full of pregnant passages suddenly bursting ecstatically into feverish and tumultuous tenor saturnalia.
Farrell Sanders, a protege of Sun Ra – who gave him his lordly title – made a series of blinding free jazz albums on the Impulse! label in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Along with Albert Ayler, Archie Shepp, Alice Coltrane and others, this expressiveness became known as the 'New Thing'. 'Karma' with TCHAMP taking up 90% of the playing time, is surely Sanders' most perfectly realised moment. We hear his progression from the 'Nubian Space Jazz' of 'Tauhid' gilding his fresh canvass with brazenly psychedelic colours and textures.
In 1969 the hippie dream was over and heading for the horror of Altamont. The kids were faced with an extended conflict in Vietnam, and in pondering these existential crises crept back into their bedrooms where the excesses of 'prog rock' began to ferment ominously. Of course, once upon a time jazz and rock were very comfortable bedfellows; rarely today is that fusion apparent. 'Astral Weeks', 'Happy Sad' 'Trout Mask Replica','The Soft Machine'; all of these effortlessly incorporated their jazz influences into the rock idiom. This unhappy divorce was exacerbated by the growth and development of electronic music, which has been far more accommodating of jazz influences and this has resulted in a seismic shift in the amount of serious exposure afforded by rock fans to jazz, and even to the classic Impulse! records of the late 1960s and early 1970s, many of which would once have been embedded as staple entries in any serious rock and soul LP collection. From the perspective of the rock fan, with only a passing interest in jazz, here is a good place to start. Somewhere on The Stooges debut album is a bass line lifted from Sanders' 'Upper and Lower Egypt' and that influence would be worn more openly on Side 2 of Fun House with its free jazz given a blistering punk makeover borrowing heavily from Ayler, Coltrane, Sanders and 'The New Thing'. (JJ)
February 25, 2015 September 28, 2019 tejopa Tagged Albert Ayler, Archie Shepp, Astral Weeks, Fun House, Happy Sad, Impulse!, JohnColtrane, Leon Thomas, Nubian Space Jazz, Sun Ra, Tauhid, The Creator Has A Master Plan, The Soft Machine, The Stooges, Trout Mask Replca, Upper and Lower Egypt	4 Comments


text:
Social Practices
Beyond Social
Platform Investigating Social Art and Design
From Beyond Social
1 What is Biomimicry?
2 3 levels of biomimicry
3 Leornardo da Vinci
4 Life's Principles
5 Eastgate Building
8 Sources images
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Biomimicry is the science and art of imitating the best biological ideas in nature to invent, improve and make human applications more sustainable. The term biomimicry comes from the contraction of the Greek words bios "life" and mimesis "imitate", literally "imitate life".BiomimicryNL2020
What is Biomimicry?
Janine Benyus first used the term biomimicry in her book. "Biomimicry innovation inspired by nature" in 1997. She used the following definition:
Nature as a model. Biomimicry is the art and science that studies, uses as inspiration and imitates strategies from nature to solve problems in our human societies, for example a solar cell inspired by a leaf.
Nature as the benchmark. Biomimicry applies ecological measures to determine the "suitability "of innovations. Nature has learned: What works. What is appropriate. Which is permanent.
Nature as a mentor. Biomimicry is a new way of looking at and appreciating nature. It introduces an era that is not based on what we can get from nature, but what we can learn from nature.
Life has existed on earth already for 3.8 billion years. This has developed from the first basic life forms to often very advanced life forms that we now encounter in nature. Since the creation of the first life forms, the organisms and (eco) systems on Earth have 'invented' what works, what is appropriate within the context and what contributes to survival. Nature is able to use things as energy and material in the most economical way. Often the solutions developed in nature surpass human solutions, in the use of technology but also in regard to aesthetics. The solutions developed in nature are often clever, sustainable and can adapt to changing circumstances. BiomimicryNL2020
3 levels of biomimicry
Biomimicry can be applied on 3 levels
Organism level: Mimicking a specified organism. This could be the entire organism or a portion of the organism.
Behaviour level: Mimicking a specific type of behaviour or act that the organism does to survive or replicates on a daily basis in relation to a larger context.
Ecosystem level: Mimicking a specific ecosystem and what elements and principles are required for it to function successfully. Levels of biomimicry
Within each of this levels, a further five dimensions exist:
Form, what it looks like
Material, what it is made out of
Construction, how it is made
Process, how it works
Function, what it is able to do Dash Pragyan Shanta 2018
I think the deeper you get into these dimensions the better and more ecological your design will be. For example the form dimension is only looked at what it looks like so it stays on the surface. At the function dimension you really mimic what it is able to do. Your design will function like the organism does in nature.
Leornardo da Vinci
Since the publication of Benyus' book, biomimicry has received a lot of attention. Biomimicry is an emerging discipline but it is also an age-old practice. There are numerous examples from history where humans turned to nature for inspiration. "Go take your lessons in nature, that's where our future is" a quote from Leonardo Da Vinci who was a keen observer of nature. He applied biomimicry to the study of birds in the hope of enabling human flight. He very closely observed the anatomy and flight of birds, and made numerous notes and sketches of his observations and countless sketches of proposed "flying machines". Although he was not successful with his own flying machine, his ideas lived on and were the source of inspiration for the Wright Brothers, who were also inspired by their observations of pigeons in flight. They finally did succeed in creating and flying the first airplane in 1903. Vierra Stephanie 2019
2.Leonardo da Vinci's concepts for flying machines
"Go take your lessons in nature, that's where our future is." Leonardo da Vinci"
In addition to biomimicry, biomimetics and bionics are also used. The similarity between all these terms lies in: learning from nature. While the sustainability aspect also plays an explicit role in biomimicry in biomimetics and bionics this plays a less important role and the emphasis is more on advancing technology. BiomimicryNL 2020
Life's Principles
An important role in biomimicry is fulfilled by the Life's Principles developed by the Biomimicry institute. The basis of the Life's Principles is formed by the preconditions within which all life on earth takes place. These preconditions are:
Sunlight, water and gravity
Dynamic non-equilibrium
Limits and boundaries
Cyclic processes
Within these preconditions, life on earth has developed survival strategies. These survival strategies are the foundation of the Life's Principles. These survival strategies are:
Adapt to changing conditions
Be locally attuned and responsive
Use life-friendly chemistry
Be resource efficient (material & energy)
Integrate development with growth
Evolve to survive
The Life's Principles represent, as it were, the design guidelines from the ecosystem. This makes biomimicry ideally suited as a design tool for sustainability. The Life's Principles play an explicit role in the design process in biomimicry. Biomimicry Roadmap 2020You could say to be a good biomimicry-based application you should be sustainable, function well, use as little energy as possible and prevent waste.
3. Life's principle's
Eastgate Building
When looking at these factors I think a good example of biomimicry is the Eastgate Building in Harare (Zimbabwe), termites are infamous for creating some of the most elaborate ventilation systems for cooling on the planet. Even in some of the hottest places, these termite mounds remain exceptionally cool inside. Using an intricate network of intentionally air pockets, the mounds create a natural ventilation system using convection. The engineering firm Arup built an entire shopping centre in Zimbabwe based on this natural convection system. Currently the system uses 10 percent less energy than a traditional air-conditioned facility. Innovatie Estafette 2020
4. Termite mound
5. Eastgate building
I think biomimicry is really inspiring. Nature is super smart and there is a lot we can learn from nature as makers and designers. And I also think that designers could look at nature a lot more when facing a problem. Have a look into nature. How does nature solve this? We not always have to reinvent but can also learn how to adapt more. And we can create a deeper connection with nature by doing this. I also think that designers who use the smartness of nature do need to be critical when creating a biomimicry design. To not just copy what they see happening in nature but make sure the whole design is sustainable and looked at from the life's principles like the survival strategies, you could use this as a tool for your design to see if your idea or design is really sustainable.
Take Velcro (klittenband) for example, which is called a biomimicry innovation. George de Mestral invented Velcro in 1941 when taking a walk with his dog. After his walk, George noticed that his pants and his dog's hair were covered in cockleburs. Curious why they stuck so well to these natural fibers, George de Mestral decided to study the burrs under a microscope. The burrs contained thousands of tiny hooks that bound themselves to nearly any fabric Velcro Companies 2020 Thus arose Velcro. This was a big innovation because of the new way of fastening things but when you look at the production of Velcro it requires fossil fuels and chemicals. So Velcro was looked at from a form level, but not at process and function level. At the function level, the Circular Economy is a good example of biomimicry, which is based on natural cycles and no waste just as in nature.We can also connect this theory to Cradle to Cradle because that theory is also based on the natural cycles that we encounter in nature.
6.Velcro
But unfortunately a whole circulair world is not possible yet, there will always be waste somewhere. In my major product design I work with those waste materials to show the potential and value of the material and thereby encourage people to change. I think biomimicry is super inspiring but I am not sure it's for me maybe on a smaller scale. It's quite complex, often about innovation and you need to take biomimicry seriously when creating a design inspired by nature that is actually sustainable. There is a lot to take in account. But I do think for some product designers this theory could work really well and I think there is a lot more to learn from nature.
Do you want to know more about Biomimicry? Take a look at the Biomimicry Institute website! https://biomimicry.org
https://www.biomimicrynl.org/wat-is-biomimicry.html
http://www.iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/UploadFolder/IJCIET_09_02_062-2-3/IJCIET_09_02_062-2-3.pdf
https://www.greendeals.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/GD070-biomimicry_roadmap_2020_uitgebreid_bs_2.1_12092013.pdf
https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomimicry-designing-model-nature
https://www.innovatie-estafette.nl/nieuws/nieuws/2020/02/27/biomimicry-vijf-voorbeelden-hoe-de-natuur-ons-inspireerde-tot-innovatie
https://www.velcro.com/blog/2020/07/a-mind-blowing-biomimicry-examples/
Sources images
https://misfitsarchitecture.com/2015/12/07/architectural-myths-22-biomimesis/leonardo-fly/
https://asknature.org/resource/lifes-principles/
https://www.treehugger.com/nature-blows-my-mind-miracles-termite-mounds-4857728
https://asknature.org/idea/eastgate-centre/
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/64/6e/89/646e89f248760848a5567e38887c6976.jpg
By: Katja Heuveling
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Biomimicry is about being inspired by nature.
This page was last edited 14:22, 30 November 2020 by Katja. Based on work by Rümeysa Önal, Beyond Social user Manetta and others.
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The Kooks are the real thing. They are barely out of their teens (actually one or two of the members are still there) and they have a TRIPLE PLATINUM (read: close to a million copies sold) CD in England. DTM caught up with Paul Garrad of the band poolside at the Phoenix Hotel to talk about how they will conquer America - and he suspects they will!
DTM: They signed you on four stinking songs?
Paul: They basically signed us on one, which was Sofa Song.


Using a blend of original and familiar music, Lloyd Larson and Victor Johnson, who are church musicians like you, collaborated on this telling of the Christmas story from the vantage point that God's ways are not typically our ways. Featuring all of the hallmarks of popular cantatas, from beloved carols and a scripturally based narration to opportunities for congregational participation and an optional full orchestration, this work also boasts the distinctive choral writing of two fine composers, an upbeat spiritual movement, and short optional female or male solos. May you welcome "Bethlehem's Child" into your heart and your worship service this season!


text:
require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
require_relative '.././../../factories/organizations_contexts'
require_relative '.././../../factories/visualization_creation_helpers'
require_relative '../../../../app/controllers/carto/api/database_groups_controller'

# cURL samples:
# - Create group: curl -v --user extension:elephant -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{ "name": "Group 2", "database_role": "DELETEME_FAKE_ROLE" }' http://localhost.lan:3000/api/v1/databases/cartodb_dev_user_3a03e626-c26c-4469-afea-a800fd813e1c_db/groups
# - Delete group: curl -v --user extension:elephant -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X DELETE http://localhost.lan:3000/api/v1/databases/cartodb_dev_user_3a03e626-c26c-4469-afea-a800fd813e1c_db/groups/Group%202
#
# Examples for staging: curl -v --user USER:PASS -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "X-Forwarded-Proto: https" -X POST -d '{ "name": "MyGroup", "database_role": "DELETEME_FAKE_ROLE" }' http://haproxy.service.consul:8888/api/v1/databases/cartodb_staging_user_21a66689-0d8a-4512-b8e9-1fb8a93f2785_db/groups
# Delete: curl -v --user USER:PASS -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "X-Forwarded-Proto: https" -X DELETE http://haproxy.service.consul:8888/api/v1/databases/cartodb_staging_user_21a66689-0d8a-4512-b8e9-1fb8a93f2785_db/groups/MyGroup

describe Carto::Api::DatabaseGroupsController do
  include_context 'organization with users helper'

  describe 'Groups management', :order => :defined do

    it "Throws 401 error without http auth" do
      post api_v1_databases_group_create_url(user_domain: @org_user_owner.username, database_name: @organization.database_name), {}, http_json_headers
      response.status.should == 401
    end

    it '#creates a new group from name and role, and initializes display_name as name' do
      group_information = { name: 'org_group', database_role: 'g_org_database_group' }
      post api_v1_databases_group_create_url(database_name: @organization.database_name), group_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200
      group = Carto::Group.where(organization_id: @organization.id, database_role: group_information[:database_role], name: group_information[:name], display_name: group_information[:name]).first
      group.should_not be_nil
    end

    it '#creates return 409 if a group with that data has already been created' do
      group_information = { name: 'org_group', database_role: 'g_org_database_group' }
      post api_v1_databases_group_create_url(database_name: @organization.database_name), group_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 409
    end

    it '#rename a new group from name and role' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      group_information = { name: 'org_group_2', database_role: 'g_org_database_group_2' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_url(database_name: group.database_name, old_name: group.name), group_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200
      updated_group = Carto::Group.find(group.id)
      updated_group.should_not be_nil
      updated_group.name.should eq group_information[:name]
      updated_group.database_role.should eq group_information[:database_role]
      updated_group.display_name.should eq group.display_name
    end

    it '#rename triggers 409 if it looks like renaming already occurred: existing new name, nonexisting old name' do
      group_old_information = { name: 'org_group', database_role: 'g_org_database_group' }
      group_new_information = { name: 'org_group_2', database_role: 'g_org_database_group_2' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_url(database_name: @organization.database_name, old_name: group_old_information[:name]), group_new_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 409
    end

    it '#rename triggers 500 if renaming can\'t be done and there is no previous match' do
      group_old_information = { name: 'org_group', database_role: 'g_org_database_group' }
      group_new_information = { name: 'org_group_2', database_role: 'g_org_database_group_WRONG' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_url(database_name: @organization.database_name, old_name: group_old_information[:name]), group_new_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 500
    end

    it '#add_users from username' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      user_information = { username: @org_user_1.username }
      post api_v1_databases_group_add_users_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name), user_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200
      group.reload
      group.users.collect(&:username).should include(@org_user_1.username)
    end

    it '#add_users returns 409 if username is already added' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      user_information = { username: @org_user_1.username }
      post api_v1_databases_group_add_users_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name), user_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 409
    end

    it '#update_permission returns 404 for visualizations' do
      v = create(:carto_visualization, user: @carto_org_user_1)

      group = @organization.groups.first
      permission = { 'access' => 'r' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_permission_url(
        database_name: group.database_name,
        name: group.name,
        username: @org_user_1.username,
        table_name: v.name), permission.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 404
    end

    it '#update_permission granting read to a table' do
      bypass_named_maps
      @table_user_2 = create_table_with_options(@org_user_2)

      group = @organization.groups.first
      permission = { 'access' => 'r' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_permission_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: @org_user_2.username, table_name: @table_user_2['name']), permission.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200

      permission = ::Visualization::Member.new(id: @table_user_2['table_visualization'][:id]).fetch.permission
      permission.should_not be_nil

      expected_acl = [
        {
          type: Carto::Permission::TYPE_GROUP,
          entity: { id: group.id, name: group.name },
          access: Carto::Permission::ACCESS_READONLY
        }
      ]
      permission.to_poro[:acl].should == expected_acl

      # URL generation for users of the granted group not table owners
      user = group.users.first
      user.id.should_not == @org_user_2.id
      vis_id = @table_user_2['table_visualization'][:id]
      # subdomain test simulation
      host = "#{user.organization.name}.localhost.lan"
      url = api_v1_visualizations_show_url(user_domain: user.username, id: vis_id, api_key: user.api_key).gsub('www.example.com', host)
      get_json url, {}, http_json_headers do |response|
        response.status.should == 200

        [
          "http://#{host}:#{Cartodb.config[:http_port]}/user/#{user.username}/tables/#{@org_user_2.username}.#{@table_user_2['name']}",
          "http://#{host}:#{Cartodb.config[:http_port]}/u/#{user.username}/tables/#{@org_user_2.username}.#{@table_user_2['name']}",
        ].should include(response.body[:url])
      end
    end

    it '#update_permission granting write to a table' do
      bypass_named_maps
      @table_user_1 = create_table_with_options(@org_user_1)

      group = @organization.groups.first
      # First read, then write, to ensure there're no duplicates
      permission = { 'access' => 'r' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_permission_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: @org_user_1.username, table_name: @table_user_1['name']), permission.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200

      permission = { 'access' => 'w' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_permission_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: @org_user_1.username, table_name: @table_user_1['name']), permission.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200

      permission = ::Visualization::Member.new(id: @table_user_1['table_visualization'][:id]).fetch.permission
      permission.should_not be_nil

      expected_acl = [
        {
          type: Carto::Permission::TYPE_GROUP,
          entity: { id: group.id, name: group.name },
          access: Carto::Permission::ACCESS_READWRITE
        }
      ]
      permission.to_poro[:acl].should == expected_acl
    end

    it '#destroy_permission to a table' do
      bypass_named_maps
      @table_user_1 = create_table_with_options(@org_user_1)

      group = @organization.groups.first
      permission = { 'access' => 'r' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_permission_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: @org_user_1.username, table_name: @table_user_1['name']), permission.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200

      expected_acl = []

      delete api_v1_databases_group_destroy_permission_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: @org_user_1.username, table_name: @table_user_1['name']), '', org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200
      permission = ::Visualization::Member.new(id: @table_user_1['table_visualization'][:id]).fetch.permission
      permission.to_poro[:acl].should == expected_acl

      # Check it doesn't duplicate
      delete api_v1_databases_group_destroy_permission_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: @org_user_1.username, table_name: @table_user_1['name']), '', org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 404
    end

    it '#update_permission granting read on a table to organization, group and user do not duplicate count' do
      bypass_named_maps
      @table_user_2 = create_table_with_options(@org_user_2)
      request_payload = {
        acl: [
          {
            type: Carto::Permission::TYPE_USER,
            entity: { id: @org_user_1.id },
            access: Carto::Permission::ACCESS_READONLY
          },
          {
            type: Carto::Permission::TYPE_ORGANIZATION,
            entity: { id: @organization.id },
            access: Carto::Permission::ACCESS_READONLY
          }
        ]
      }.to_json
      permission_id = @table_user_2['table_visualization'][:permission][:id]
      request_url_params = { user_domain: @org_user_2.username, api_key: @org_user_2.api_key, id: permission_id }
      put api_v1_permissions_update_url(request_url_params), request_payload, http_json_headers
      response.status.should == 200

      group = @organization.groups.first
      permission = { 'access' => 'r' }
      put api_v1_databases_group_update_permission_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: @org_user_2.username, table_name: @table_user_2['name']), permission.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200

      get api_v1_visualizations_index_url(user_domain: @org_user_1.username, api_key: @org_user_1.api_key,
          type: CartoDB::Visualization::Member::TYPE_CANONICAL, order: 'updated_at', exclude_shared: false, shared: 'only'), http_json_headers
      body = JSON.parse(response.body).symbolize_keys
      body[:total_entries].should eq 1
      body[:visualizations].count.should eq 1
      body[:total_shared].should eq 1
    end

    it '#remove_users from username' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      username = group.users.first.username
      delete api_v1_databases_group_remove_users_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: username), {}, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200
      group.reload
      group.users.collect(&:username).should_not include(username)
    end

    it '#remove_users from username throws 404 if user is not found' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      username = @org_user_1.username
      delete api_v1_databases_group_remove_users_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name, username: username), {}, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 404
    end

    it '#add_users from username accepts batches' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      user_information = { users: [ @org_user_1.username, @org_user_2.username ] }
      post api_v1_databases_group_add_users_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name), user_information.to_json, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200
      group.reload
      group.users.collect(&:username).should include(@org_user_1.username)
      group.users.collect(&:username).should include(@org_user_2.username)
    end

    it '#remove_users from username accepts batches' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      usernames = group.users.collect(&:username)
      delete_json api_v1_databases_group_remove_users_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name), { users: usernames }, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 200
      group.reload
      usernames.map { |username|
        group.users.collect(&:username).should_not include(username)
      }
    end

    it '#destroy an existing group' do
      group = @organization.groups.first
      delete api_v1_databases_group_destroy_url(database_name: group.database_name, name: group.name), nil, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 204
      Carto::Group.where(id: group.id).first.should be_nil
    end

    it '#destroy a nonexisting group returns 404' do
      delete api_v1_databases_group_destroy_url(database_name: @organization.database_name, name: 'org_group'), nil, org_metadata_api_headers
      response.status.should == 404
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Job description: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 2018 Exam official notification has been released by the commission. Candidates who were waiting for the notification to arrive since long can apply for 166 posts in various government departments through the official site of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) at Rbi.gov.in. The last date to apply for the examination is 23 July 2018. The official notification for the examination will be out today and aspirants can get it from the official site of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) . The last date to fill up the forms will be till 23 July 2018.
Bachelor's degree as well as in 12th (or Diploma or equivalent) & 10th Standard exam.
How to Apply: Eligible Interested candidates must fill in the online application form. The online registration will be open from 03-07-2018. The Last date for online application is 23-07-2018.


text:
Jazz in July: Damani Phillips
Historic Sherman Hill, 1501 Woodland Avenue | Des Moines, IA 50309
Presented By: Hoyt Sherman Place
Location: Hoyt Sherman Place
Price: Free & Open to Public
Sponsored by Principal Foundation and Faegre Baker Daniels
Damani Phillips
Dr. Damani Phillips is a native of Pontiac, MI, where he began playing at the age of 10. He currently serves as Associate Professor of Jazz Studies and African-American Studies at the University of Iowa, where he teaches applied jazz saxophone, directs jazz combos and teaches courses in African-American music, African-American culture, jazz education and improvisation. He has earned Bachelor and Master of Music degrees from DePaul University (Chicago) and the University of Kentucky in classical saxophone, and a second Master of Music degree in Jazz Studies from Wayne State University (Detroit). Phillips completed the Doctor of Musical Arts degree in Jazz Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 2009, becoming one of the first African-Americans in the country to earn this degree. He was named a Yamaha performing artist in 2014.
An active performer, pedagogue and composer, Phillips has taught and performed throughout the United States, Europe and South America.
http://www.damaniphillips.com


text:
Q: LINQ to Entities does not recognize ToString using query syntax I'm getting this error in a LINQ query (query syntax used). In the past I've gotten this error when using dot syntax in my LINQ query so all I had to do is a call to ToList() and then select using an anonymous class. But in my case where I'm now using query syntax, how do I do the same thing? Yes I'm using EF.
Here is the code:
            var dataList = from h in context.Horaires
            join e in context.Employes on h.iIdEmploye equals e.iIdEmploye
            join p in context.Postes on h.iIdPoste equals p.iIdPoste
            join g in context.GroupesPostes on p.iIdGroupePoste equals g.iIdGroupePoste
            join en in context.EnsemblesPostes on g.iIdEnsemblePoste equals en.iIdEnsemblePoste
            join d in context.Departements on e.iIdDepartement equals d.iIdDepartement
            where p.bitActif == true && h.dteDate == p.dteDate
            orderby e.sIdEmployeClient
            select new ScenarioScheduleItemModel
            {
                H = "D",
                EmployeeSchedule = "EmployeeSchedule",
                EmployeeSchedule2 = "EmployeeSchedule",
                EmployeeXrefCode = e.sIdEmployeClient,
                // ToString used here for StartTime and EndTime
                StartTime = h.dteDate.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).Substring(0, 10) + "T" + p.dteHeureDebut.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).Substring(11, 8),
                EndTime = h.dteDate.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).Substring(0, 10) + "T" + p.dteHeureFin.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).Substring(11, 8),
                DeptXrefCode = d.sNom,
                JobXrefCode = p.sNom,
                OrgUnit = string.Empty,
                XrefCode = string.Empty,
                OrgLocationTypeXrefCode = string.Empty,
                PayAdjCodeXrefCode = string.Empty
            };

        var result = dataList.Distinct().ToList();

A: You could just select the "raw" values then use AsEnumerable and a Select to get the desired values
var dataList = (from h in context.Horaires
               ...
               select new { e, h, p, d }).AsEnumerable()
               .Select(anon => new ScenarioScheduleItemModel
               {
                   ...
                   StartTime = anon.h.dteDate.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
                                   .Substring(0, 10)
                        + "T" + anon.p.dteHeureDebut.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
                                    .Substring(11, 8),
                   EndTime = anon.h.dteDate.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
                                 .Substring(0, 10)
                        + "T" + anon.p.dteHeureFin.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
                                    .Substring(11, 8),
                   ...
               });

A: It may make more sense to use something like string.Format
StartTime = string.Format("{0:MM/dd/yyyy}T{1:hh:mm:ss}", h.dteDate, p.dteHeureDebut),
EndTime = string.Format("{0:MM/dd/yyyy}T{1:hh:mm:ss}", h.dteDate, p.dteHeureFin),

A: Just for your info. here's a generic form what you need to do:
var dbQuery = from x in db.Table
              // do stuff with x what will be translated to SQL
              select x;

var memoryQuery = from z in dbQuery.AsEnumerable() // <-- !
                  // do stuff with z in memory
                  select z;


text:
Q: prediction of completion time of a work item I have work items given features such as complexity, work item type etc.. I know how long it took to complete a work item given its features in the past. I would like to predict how long it takes to complete a given work item (on average).
Is this a regression problem or could it be a survival analysis problem?

A: This is a regression problem that can/should use survival analysis as the underlying distribution. I recommend the Weibull or exponential model for ease of creating predictions, if prediction is your main goal. Depending on how your data are structured, the negative binomial distribution may offer a meaningful solution.

A: There are many different techniques you could use to predict how long, on average, a work item will take.  Regression is certainly a method that could be used, but there are also a number of other statistical and machine learning techniques that you could use to predict how long the work task takes.  For example, neural networks can be used to predict the time to complete a task.  As other users have stated, a survival analysis could also be used to predict how long until a task takes until it is completed (in this case "completion" is considered the "failure" in the traditional survival analysis lingo).  That being said, there are certain types of survival analyses that fall under "regression" techniques.  So in this sense, certain survival analyses like Cox-Proporational Hazards models are a specific type of regression.  In this case, the question isn't an either/or.


Master Planning and building design for a new area of Jiang jia Jie, to provide a tourist gateway to the Tianamen Mountains. Famed by the hit film Avatar, there is an aspiration to provide a theme park on the subject. Although the areas natural beauty was important in providing a futuristic vision for the city.
As a tourism hub this new master plan is to provide the starting point for the influx of tourists to the area, which until quite recent had been fairly inaccessible. Now with the advent of new rail links and a new airport, the Tienanmen area is now open for business.
Taking the local beauty and land forms into account we designed a range of buildings that express what is to come. These include Hotels, offices, shopping malls, bus station, avatar theme park, public exhibition spaces, squares, markets and residential.
The idea being that a tourist can find everything they need from entertainment, to tour companies, hotels etc, all in one place. A land mark gateway to a landmark paradise.


text:
Texas : Features : Columns : "Texas Tales"
Oil Patch Memories
by Mike Cox
Shortly after Christmas in 1917, geologist Ed Owen received instructions from his employer to move from Oklahoma to Mineral Wells.
With a master's degree from the University of Missouri, Owen had been dispatched to the nation's hottest oil field to apply his newly acquired knowledge of strata, anticlines and faults in reading what lay beneath the earth by observing features visible aboveground.
Ranger, a once quiet railroad town on the Texas & Pacific, lay at the epicenter of the new boom area. But neither Ranger nor any of the other towns in Eastland or Stephens counties could handle the sudden and overwhelming influx of people interested in black gold.
"Mineral Wells was temporarily an oil town in January 1918 by virtue of being the nearest city with adequate accommodations," Owen later wrote for his posthumously published 1987 memoir, "The Flavor of Ed Owen – A Geologist Looks Back." He continued: "Geologists and landmen were scattered throughout Central Texas as far west as Abilene and from Brownwood northward beyond Graham, but the several small towns had limited facilities, so everybody came into Mineral Wells as often as possible."
Even so, Mineral Wells became the "capital city" of the oil patch without becoming an oil town.
"It continued primarily as a resort where people came to 'boil out' in its mineral water and drink the horrid stuff, and the white-collar contingent of oil men added only a livelier catalyst," Owen wrote in prose as opinionated as the valuable proprietary information that the Greenwood Oil Company paid him to produce.
Mineral water made Mineral Wells, but the new oil play gave the city more energy than a traveling salesmen convention. The Crazy Wells Hotel teemed with oil men on their way to or from the fields.
On Saturday nights, the hotel hosted a dance in its lobby. The oil men staying at the Crazy Wells, Owen added dryly, "added some luster" to that weekly event. As did the soon-to-be-illegal booze sold at bargain prices on the eve of national prohibition by panicky Fort Worth saloon keepers trying to unload their stock while they could.
But the nation had an additional thirst in 1918. The world war then under way, Owen wrote, "had created an insatiable demand for petroleum, and recent discoveries made this the most exciting district in the United States."
Much of the oil gushing from the ground around Ranger ended up as gasoline in the tanks of the ever-increasing number of automobiles in Texas and the rest of the nation.
Though trains carried boomers to Mineral Wells and Ranger, they headed for the oil patch in trucks and Model T's. Travel by motor vehicle was not too difficult at first – as long as the unpaved roads stayed dry. However, most heavy equipment still moved by wagon, and in addition to crowding the roadways, the wagons left ruts and horses made deep tracks. All that made for challenging vehicular travel.
"Only J.J. McGowan could get an automobile past one of the wagon trains," Owen wrote. "He was a big man who had been a London policeman before coming to the Empire as a geologist. He whipped enough teamsters to become known as a man who was entitled to half the road."
While horses and mules played havoc with the roads, two-legged creatures also impeded transportation. The canyon-crossed road between Ranger and Strawn, with plenty of ranch gates to slow travelers and high ground for lookout points, became particularly popular with hijackers.
A joke popular at the time told of a gunman holding up an oil worker who had $6 in his wallet. After counting the money, the hijacker returned $3 to his victim.
"Why'd you do that?" the surprised roughneck asked.
"'Because my brother's robbing people down the road, and he'll kill you if you don't have any money," the kind-hearted highwayman replied.
Having completed his geological survey, Owen decided to serve his country. He quit his job on May 1, 1918 and sought without success to get into officer's candidate school. Then he tried to enlist but got turned down over his eyesight and weight.
Owen got his old job back, but ended up getting drafted that summer. He went through basic training, but the war ended before he could be shipped overseas and he returned to the still-booming oil business.
He spent the rest of his long career in petroleum geology, serving as a special lecturer at the University of Texas from 1952 to 1970. He died in San Antonio in 1981 at 85.
© Mike Cox - "Texas Tales" December 22, 2007 column
More stories: Texas | Online Magazine | Texas Towns | Features | Columns | "Texas Tales" |
Books by Mike Cox - Order Here
Website Content Copyright ©1998-2007. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. All Rights Reserved


text:
Royals are back in Kansas City hoping to stay in the World Series
KANSAS CITY - It's now or never for the Kansas City Royals in game six of the World Series.
The Royals are behind 3 to 2 overall in the series, so they have to win Tuesday night to play for the title.
Miles Figg grew up as "the lone Royals fan in his friend group" in Jefferson City and recently became a Royals season ticket holder. He said he's been to all the home games since the World Series started and has loved watching the team with his friends.
"It has been absolutely incredible," Figg said. "Just magical. This is what baseball is all about. Being able to watch your team play in deep October is just incredible."
As far as Tuesday's game goes, Figg said the team has history on its side, so he's not worried.
"In all reality, in 1985 the series was 3 and 2 when we were playing the Cardinals, and we came back and won then," Figg said. "So I've got a lot of faith. I trust the ball in Ventura's hands. It's gonna be good."
Yordano Ventura is a starting pitcher in Tuesday night's game. The game tonight at Kauffman Stadium is set for 7:07 pm.
KANSAS CITY - It's now or never for the Kansas City Royals in game six of the World Series. ... More >>
4 years ago Tuesday, October 28 2014 Oct 28, 2014 Tuesday, October 28, 2014 1:39:00 AM CDT October 28, 2014


text:
// Copyright (C) 2008  Davis E. King (davis@dlib.net)
// License: Boost Software License   See LICENSE.txt for the full license.
#undef DLIB_SVm_THREADED_ABSTRACT_
#ifdef DLIB_SVm_THREADED_ABSTRACT_

#include "../matrix/matrix_abstract.h"
#include "../algs.h"
#include "../svm.h"

namespace dlib
{

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    template <
        typename trainer_type,
        typename in_sample_vector_type,
        typename in_scalar_vector_type
        >
    const matrix<typename trainer_type::scalar_type, 1, 2, typename trainer_type::mem_manager_type>
    cross_validate_trainer_threaded (
        const trainer_type& trainer,
        const in_sample_vector_type& x,
        const in_scalar_vector_type& y,
        const long folds,
        const long num_threads
    );
    /*!
        requires
            - is_binary_classification_problem(x,y) == true
            - 1 < folds <= std::min(sum(y>0),sum(y<0))
              (e.g. There must be at least as many examples of each class as there are folds)
            - trainer_type == some kind of trainer object (e.g. svm_nu_trainer)
            - num_threads > 0
        ensures
            - performs k-fold cross validation by using the given trainer to solve the
              given binary classification problem for the given number of folds.
              Each fold is tested using the output of the trainer and the average
              classification accuracy from all folds is returned.
            - uses num_threads threads of execution in doing the cross validation.
            - The accuracy is returned in a row vector, let us call it R.  Both
              quantities in R are numbers between 0 and 1 which represent the fraction
              of examples correctly classified.  R(0) is the fraction of +1 examples
              correctly classified and R(1) is the fraction of -1 examples correctly
              classified.
            - The number of folds used is given by the folds argument.
        throws
            - any exceptions thrown by trainer.train()
            - std::bad_alloc
    !*/

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

}

#endif // DLIB_SVm_THREADED_ABSTRACT_


text:
La prima battaglia di Seul, conosciuta in Corea del Nord come Liberazione di Seul, fu combattuta nelle fasi iniziali dell'invasione da parte della Corea del Nord della Corea del Sud nell'ambito della Guerra di Corea; la battaglia risultò nella cattura della capitale sudcoreana da parte delle truppe nordcoreane.

Storia
Il 25 giugno del 1950 l'Armata Popolare Coreana attraversò il 38º parallelo. L'Armata Popolare utilizzò una strategia di guerra lampo impiegando i carri armati T-34 supportati dall'artiglieria. L'Esercito della Corea del Sud non possedeva piani per fermare l'assalto furioso dei carri armati nordcoreani, non essendo equipaggiato né con armi anticarro né con carri armati. In aggiunta, le truppe sudcoreane fecero saltare il ponte sopra il Fiume Han intrappolando i loro stessi soldati e uccidendo centinaia di rifugiati che stavano fuggendo dalla città. Nel giro di tre giorni, le truppe nordcoreane avevano conquistato la capitale della Corea del Sud.

Note

Guerra nel 1950
Seul


The Writers in Prison Committee PEN of International (WiPC) protests the murder of Panorama Geral owner and journalist Valério Nascimento, who was shot dead outside his home in Rio Claro, Rio de Janeiro state, on 3 May 2011. The motive for the crime is still to be determined but recent editions of the paper had reportedly covered alleged irregularities implicating the mayor of the neighboring town of Bananal. The WiPC calls on the Brazilian authorities to investigate Nascimento's murder as a matter of the utmost urgency, and to bring the culprits to justice.
New York, May 4, 2011-The Committee to Protect Journalists called today on local authorities to conduct a thorough investigation into the killing of Brazilian newspaper owner and journalist Valério Nascimento, who was shot to death Tuesday outside his home in Rio Claro, Rio de Janeiro state.
Nascimento's killing was the third shooting of a Brazilian journalist to be documented by CPJ this year.
"Brazilian authorities must thoroughly investigate Valério Nascimento's murder, determine if it was work-related, and bring those responsible to justice," said Carlos Lauría, CPJ's senior coordinator for the Americas. "We are alarmed by a series of violent attacks this year targeting journalists who report on official corruption."
Nascimento, owner of the newspaper Panorama Geral, was found dead Tuesday morning outside his doorway, shot in both the head and chest, according to news reports. Panorama Geral had only published four editions, according to a local news report.
Police are still establishing a motive for the killing, and haven't ruled out that it could have been politically motivated, press reports said. Citing local police, O Globo reported that the latest issue of Panorama Geral had uncovered irregularities in the administration of the mayor of the neighboring town of Bananal. The paper had also criticized the management of Bananal's public services including sewage treatment, public parks, and health clinics, according to press reports. Nascimento, who was also active in area politics, served as president of his local residents association and had twice run for alderman.
In April, Luciano Leitão Pedrosa, a radio and television journalist known for his critical coverage of local authorities and criminal groups, was shot in Pernambuco state. In March, critical blogger Ricardo Gama was seriously wounded when an unidentified gunman shot him in the head, neck, and chest as he walked in his Rio de Janeiro neighborhood.