text:
https://alliedhealth.ouhsc.edu/Prospective-Students Parent Page: Prospective Students id: 5462 Active Page: Master of Occupational Therapy (MOT) id:5556
HOME / Prospective Students / Academic Programs / Master of Occupational Therapy (MOT)
MASTER OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (MOT)
Master of Occupational Therapy (M.O.T.)
Message from the Program Director
Accreditation/Credentialing
Program Defined
Application Statistics
Thank you for your interest in the Master of Occupational Therapy Program at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. I am very proud of our program, our students, our faculty, and our relationship with clinicians and the community. As one of over 200 accredited occupational therapy programs in the United States, we have the distinction of being one of just a few programs found on an Academic Health Sciences Center campus located both in the Oklahoma City and the Tulsa community. This creates unique opportunities for our students to engage in unique interprofessional opportunities with numerous health care professionals on both campuses. In addition, students in our program share an interprofessional curriculum model with our physical therapy program. With state of the art facilities, we use cutting edge distance education technology to broadcast lectures between our Oklahoma City and Tulsa campus.
Our faculty are committed to preparing our students as competent and caring occupational therapists. We focus not only on occupation-based person centered assessment and intervention, but also emphasize community engagement and hands-on learning opportunities. I am very proud of our dynamic interdisciplinary faculty, known for their creativity and commitment to the profession. Together they provide outstanding educational and service experiences using the latest evidence to guide the process. Our program is known for producing creative, knowledgeable, and competent occupational therapists who are devoted to their profession.
On behalf of the faculty and students of our program, we thank you for your interest and we hope you enjoy learning about us as you peruse our website. We believe you will see that it is great to be part of the OUHSC Program in Occupational Therapy.
Mary Isaacson, EdD, OTR/L, FAOTA, ATP
OT Tuesdays
OT CAT Bank
We are proud to announce that in 2020, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) is beginning its transition of the entry-level degree program from the master's to the clinical doctorate. The program in occupational therapy has applied for candidacy status through the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). The Accreditation Council will notify our program of their candidacy status decision by August of 2021. Pending decision, the first Doctorate of Occupational Therapy (OTD) class is scheduled to begin the program in June of 2022 and will graduate in May of 2025. With the approval of the OTD, applicants are no longer accepted for the master's program. The last class of master's students will begin the program in June of 2021 and will graduate in May of 2024.
For more information, visit the ACOTE website or contact the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 200, North Bethesda, MD 20852-4929; (301) 652-6611.
Requirements to Become an Occupational Therapist
Upon completion of the OUHSC occupational therapy program, including all course work, fieldwork, and doctoral degree requirements, students are eligible to take the national occupational therapy certification examination administered by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT). After passing the exam, graduates apply for licensure in the state(s) in which they live and work.
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) and The National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, Inc. (NBCOT)
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education awarded the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Occupational Therapy Program accreditation for a period of 10 years 2015/2016 through 2025/2026.
The occupational therapy program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), located at 6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 200, North Bethesda, MD 20852-4929. ACOTE's telephone number c/o AOTA is (301) 652-AOTA.
The National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, Inc. (NBCOT) is a not-for-profit credentialing agency that provides certification for the occupational therapy profession through administration of a national certification examination. NBCOT serves the public interest by developing, administering, and continually reviewing a certification process that reflects current standards of competent practice in occupational therapy. The NBCOT also works with state regulatory authorities, providing information on credentials, professional conduct, and regulatory and certification renewal issues.
As graduates of a NBCOT recognized occupational therapy education program at the post-baccalaureate degree level, OUHSC students are eligible to take the NBCOT national certification examination. After successfully passing the NBCOT national certification examination, individuals become an Occupational Therapist, Registered (OTR). Oklahoma, like most states, requires licensure to practice, and acquiring a state license is based on successfully passing the NBCOT Certification Examination and initial national registration.
It is important to note, that any arrest, charge, or conviction for a felony or a misdemeanor may not only affect a student's ability to attend certain clinical sites for clinical education and fieldwork, but it may also affect a graduate's ability to sit for the certification examination or obtain state licensure.
Program results from the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) can be found online.
The Master of Occupational Therapy program prepares students to perform as an entry-level occupational therapist. The MOT program consists of 80 semester hours of sequenced and integrated didactic and clinical courses beginning in the summer of every year. All didactic course work is offered on the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) campuses in Oklahoma City and Tulsa via distance education. Coursework includes 26 hours of fieldwork; the typical time frame for completing all coursework is three years.
The total number of graduates from the University Of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Master of Occupational Therapy program during the 3-year period of 2016-2018 was 90 with an overall graduation rate of 96.8%.
Graduation Year Students Entering/Graduation Graduation Rate
2016 31/29 93.5%
2018 31/31 100%
Total 93/90 96.8%
ACOTE® accredited occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant educational programs satisfy the states' educational requirements in all states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Students graduating from an ACOTE® accredited occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant educational program are eligible to take the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) certification exam and apply for licensure in all states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. For more information regarding state qualifications and licensure requirements, please refer to the AOTA State Licensure webpage.
Occupational therapists work with individuals who may be recovering from illnesses or injuries, contending with developmental disabilities, or coping with changes resulting from the aging process. Occupational therapists advance the person's well-being by promoting adaptation and independence through meaningful activities of everyday living to enhance and restore health. By preventing, reducing, or overcoming physical, social, and emotional impairments in people, occupational therapists help to restore and sustain the highest quality of productive life to persons of all ages.
To become a registered occupational therapist (OTR), a person must graduate from an accredited school of occupational therapy, and successfully pass the national certification examination administered by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy. Many states, including Oklahoma, also require a license to practice occupational therapy within the state.
For further information about the profession of occupational therapy, contact the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA).
The Master of Occupational Therapy degree professional program consists of 80 semester hours of sequenced and integrated didactic and clinical courses. All didactic coursework is offered on the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) campuses in Oklahoma City and Tulsa via distance education. The Master of Occupational Therapy degree professional program begins in the summer of every year and consists of 80 credit hours of sequenced and integrated didactic and clinical courses including 26 weeks of fieldwork to be completed in no more than five years. To meet the broad healthcare needs of Oklahomans, the University of Oklahoma Occupational Therapy Program offers our program in both Tulsa and Oklahoma City. Students physically attend courses and labs on one of the two campuses. Lectures are broadcast between the two campuses which provides the opportunity for students to receive a rich and diverse education from regional experts in the field.
The progression and retention policies for the program in Occupational Therapy are described in the College of Allied Health Academic Standards.
The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Allied Health ensures that program expectations, learning objectives, and educational outcomes offered at the Oklahoma City campus and Tulsa campus are consistent. Program outcomes between the Oklahoma City campus and Tulsa campus are evaluated yearly by course directors and reported to the Department Chairman and to the Dean of the College of Allied Health.
Occupational therapy is a vital health-care profession that contributes to the ability of individuals to perform their life roles, such as parent, student, or worker, in the occupations of work, personal care, and leisure. Practitioners of occupational therapy advance the person's well being by promoting adaptation and independence through meaningful activities of everyday living to enhance and restore health. By preventing, reducing, or overcoming physical, social, and emotional impairments in people, its practitioners help to restore and sustain the highest quality of productive life to persons of all ages. They may be recovering from illnesses or injuries, contending with developmental disabilities, or coping with changes resulting from the aging process. The unique feature that separates its knowledge from all other professions is the study and management of the purposeful occupations and the meaningful activities in which humans engage. In short, occupational therapy provides skills for the job of living.
Occupational therapists provide direct service to individuals and groups, consultation, and education to its consumers. As they gain experience, occupational therapists may choose to specialize and may become board certified in a specialty area. Occupational therapists can be supervisors, faculty members, researchers, and entrepreneurs. Occupational therapists may work in teams that include physicians, nurses, physical therapists, speech/language pathologists, psychologists, social workers, educators, dietitians, and recreational therapists. Through participation in treatment given individually or in groups, occupational therapists help people perform the everyday skills and tasks needed for living their productive lives.
To become an occupational therapist, registered (OTR), a person must graduate from an accredited school of occupational therapy and successfully pass the national certification examination administered by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy. Many states, including Oklahoma, also require a license to practice occupational therapy within the state.
For further information about the profession of occupational therapy, contact the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) at 4720 Montgomery Lane, Bethesda, MD, 20824-1220; phone (301) 652-2682; TDD (800) 377-8555. You may want to request the latest edition of "Occupational Therapy Careers." Refer to the American Occupational Therapy Association's web page for additional details.
If you would like to explore occupational therapy further, view the following YouTube videos:
American Occupational Therapy Association
Occupational Therapist Job Outlook
Students applying to the Master of Occupational Therapy program must possess personal qualities of character, integrity, and motivation, as well as the capacity to perform essential functions suitable for a career in occupational therapy.
The OUHSC Master of Occupational Therapy program has joined the Occupational Therapist Centralized Application Service (OTCAS). Applicants must complete both the OTCAS application and the OUHSC application. ALL official sealed transcripts and scores must be sent to OTCAS and entered through the OTCAS on-line system. To be considered for admission, applicants must meet the following requirements:
Submit a completed on-line application through OTCAS and OUHSC. The OUHSC MOT Program encourages you to APPLY EARLY! We will begin considering applications as early as October 1st. Those with completed applications (OTCAS + OUHSC) by October 1, 2020 will be given PRIORITY consideration. Applications that are not complete by the October 1st deadline will not be considered for admission until the firm deadline of February 1, 2021. It is possible that up to 50% of the class could be filled prior to the firm deadline of February 1st. (Beginning with the applications for 2022 admission, there will be one firm deadline of October 1, 2021.);
Complete a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university prior to enrollment in the program;
Be in good standing with the college or university last or currently attending;
At a minimum, earn both a 2.75 cumulative grade point average and a 2.75 science grade point average on a 4.0 scale as calculated by OTCAS. Courses taken during the spring 2020 semester may have a "P" for passing or "S" for satisfactory due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Please note that the required 2.75 cumulative grade point average and 2.75 science grade point average still applies. The College of Allied Health does not recognize academic forgiveness nor reprieve policies. All attempts of a course are included in the calculation of GPAs;
Successfully complete all departmental prerequisite courses with grades of C or better prior to beginning our program the first week of June. Courses taken during the spring 2020 semester may have a "P" for passing or "S" for satisfactory due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Please note that the required 2.75 cumulative grade point average and 2.75 science grade point average still applies;
We recognize that at this time it may be difficult for applicants to complete observation hours. Although we recommend 40 hours of occupational therapy observation, they are NOT required. We ask that applicants explore the AOTA website to learn more about careers in occupational therapy;
Submit official transcripts from all colleges and/or universities (including OU or OUHSC) attended and non-refundable application fees through OTCAS ;
Submit Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores (the General Test) prior to the application deadline date. At the time of verification through OTCAS, we will only accept valid, reportable GRE scores that are no older than five years following the test date. See ETS for score reporting policies. It is recommended that you take the revised GRE no later than one month prior to the application period for which you are applying to ensure your scores are received by the application deadline. Scores received after the application deadline will result in an automatic denial. The OTCAS GRE Designated Institution Code for the MOT program at OUHSC is 7448;
If English is a second language, submit Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) scores. Applicants must earn a minimum score of 600 (paper-based) or 100 (Internet-based) within two years prior to application. The OTCAS TOEFL Designated Institution Code for the MOT program at OUHSC is 7448. The department may waive TOEFL scores if the applicant provides evidence of graduation from a U.S. High School or a 4-year Bachelor's degree or higher from a U.S. institution. Click here to review additional information regarding the TOEFL and TOEFL waiver;
If previous coursework was from colleges or universities outside of the US, have all transcripts/mark sheets processed through World Education Services (WES); and
All official, sealed transcripts, GRE scores, and TOEFL scores (if applicable) must be received by the application deadline. Late transcripts and test scores will result in an automatic denial.
Please Note: If you plan on applying to the program this year, submit an official, sealed transcript from every institution attended AS SOON AS POSSIBLE through the OTCAS system. Do NOT send them to the Health Sciences Center. They will not be forwarded. ALL transcripts and scores must be entered through the on-line OTCAS system. Transcripts take time to process from one institution to the other; therefore, order your transcripts ASAP! Once your fall grades have been posted, please update your OTCAS application ASAP.
View Application Statistics
Course numbers are those of the University of Oklahoma. Approved prerequisite courses are offered at many institutions. Check the Transfer Equivalencies Database or with your school advisor regarding equivalent courses. There are instructions on that page on how to request a transcript evaluation for particular courses if your courses are not listed in the database.
Click on the following link to use the prerequisite worksheet to keep track of your prerequisite classes.
All prerequisites are required. Please read the footnote description located directly underneath the table.
OU Course Number Course Title Credit Hours Footnote
PSY 2603 Developmental Psychology 3
BIOL 2234 or 2255 Human Anatomy 4-5
BIO 2124 Human Physiology 4
PSY 2403 or 4453 Introduction to Personality or Abnormal Psychology 3
BIOL 1005 or 1124 Concepts in Biology or Intro Biol: Molecule/Cell/Phys 4-5
CLC 2413 Medical Vocabulary 2-3
PHYS 2414 Physics I for Life Science Majors 4
COMM 2513, ECON 2843, PSY 2113,
or PSY 2003 Understanding Statistics 3 1
(1) It is recommended that the applicant take an equivalent course to OU course number PSY 2003. If there is not an equivalent course at your college/university for PSY 2003, it is acceptable to take an equivalent course to OU's course numbers PSY 2113, COMM 2513, or ECON 2843.
If you are attending OU in Norman for these courses, click here for equivalent courses; if attending another institution, please check the Transfer Equivalency Database.
2020-2021 Cycle Deadlines
• Soft/Priority Deadline (CAS + OUHSC) – October 1, 2020
• Firm/Final Deadline (CAS) – February 1, 2021
• Firm/Final Deadline (OUHSC) – February 8, 2021
The Master of Occupational Therapy (MOT) Program at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) participates in the Occupational Therapist Centralized Application Service, known as OTCAS. Applicants applying to the entry-level occupational therapist education program apply online using the OTCAS application and must also complete an OUHSC application. The OUHSC MOT Program encourages you to APPLY EARLY! We will begin considering applications as early as October 1st. Those with completed applications (OTCAS + OUHSC) by October 1, 2020 will be given PRIORITY consideration. Applications that are not complete by the October 1st deadline will not be considered for admission until the firm deadline of February 1, 2021. It is possible that up to 50% of the class could be filled prior to the firm deadline of February 1st. (Beginning with the applications for 2022 admission, there will be one firm deadline of October 1, 2021.)
The application cycle for the OTCAS is available to begin entering data as early as August. Visit here to learn more about OTCAS.
The OTCAS Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) Designated Institution Code for the MOT program at OUHSC is 7448.
Review and follow the instructions for application to the College of Allied Health.
The decision of acceptance, alternate status, or denial to the Occupational Therapy program will be communicated through the OTCAS system on a rolling basis beginning in early March and continue through late April. If you have not received notification by May 1st regarding your application status, please contact the Office of Academic and Student Services at (405) 271-6588. However, alternates could be accepted as late as two weeks prior to the beginning of the first summer semester of the program.
Admitted applicants must accept their position according to the timeline communicated on their electronic letter, or the position will be considered declined. The applicant must accept the position within two weeks of notification, or the position will be considered declined. Alternates may be admitted up to the first class day for the summer semester if all positions have not been filled.
Students accepted for admission are required to confirm their intention to enroll and attend by paying a non-refundable deposit on enrollment. The deposit is applied toward tuition and fees during the first term.
Please note: With the availability of distance technology, we are able to deliver lectures between Oklahoma City and Tulsa. Students may apply to either campus but sometimes a student spot is only available on one campus. Students are required to attend all classes on the campus to which they are admitted.
Students may expect additional costs that include, but are not limited to, a personal computer, textbooks, lab fees, insurance, and supplies. Students are required to assume financial responsibilities for expenses associated with clinical requirements. For financial aid information, contact the Financial Aid Office at (405) 271-2118.
Additional cost information:
Bursar's Office Tuition and Fees
Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty
Course Name Course Number Credit Hours
Anatomy AHS 8415 5
Concepts in Rehabilitation Sciences OCTH 8002 2
Fundamentals of Occupational Therapy OCTH 7113 3
Clinical Process OCTH 8153 3
Principles of Human Movement OCTH 7143 3
Evidence-Based Practice OCTH 7162 2
Orthopedic Mgmt UE Dysfunction OCTH 8274 4
Media for Occupational Performance OCTH 7532 2
Exploring Community Participation OCTH 7192 2
Neuroscience AHS 8274 4
Pediatric Foundations & Therapeutic Methods OCTH 7122 2
Fieldwork Education I OCTH 7322 2
Contexts for Occupational Performance OCTH 7312 2
Movement Science I OCTH 8393 3
Behavioral Dynamics OCTH 7413 3
Promoting OP for Chronic Conditions OCTH 7443 3
Neurorehabilitation for Children OCTH 8154 4
Teaching in Practice OCTH 8332 2
Interprofessional Case Management OCTH 9391 1
Progressive Neurological Conditions OCTH 8122 2
Group Intervention OCTH 7232 2
Neurorehabilitation for Adults OCTH 8234 4
Developmental Disabilities OCTH 8272 2
Assistive Technology OCTH 8292 2
Clinical Practice Management I OCTH 8352 2
Fieldwork Education II OCTH 7632 2
Clinical Practice Management II OCTH 8372 2
Occupational Therapy Research I OCTH 7712 2
Fieldwork Education III OCTH 7723 3
Occupational Therapy Research II OCTH 7812 2
Fieldwork Education IV OCTH 7823 3
Elective: 2 credit hour
Last reviewed: October 27, 2020
*To meet the broad healthcare needs of Oklahomans, the University of Oklahoma Occupational Therapy Program offers our program in both Tulsa and Oklahoma City. Students physically attend courses and labs on one of the two campuses. Lectures are broadcast between the two campus which provides the opportunity for students to receive a rich and diverse education from regional experts in the field.
View Program Brochure
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
1200 N Stonewall Avenue, Room 3092
Wade Hensley
Student Program Coordinator II
Email Wade Hensley
Office of Academic and Student Services
Email the Office of Academic and Student Services
Click here to schedule a virtual, phone, or in-person prospective student appointment with one of our Advisors.
Prospective students are encouraged to review the Technical Standards which are the academic, clinical, and interpersonal aptitudes and abilities that allow OT and PT students to complete the professional curriculum. Students are also encouraged to visit the prospective student's page to find resources such as the transfer equivalency tables, admission statistics, job shadowing, gpa calculation, tuition cost, scholarships, student life, campus resources, etc.


text:
var supertest = require("supertest");

// This agent refers to PORT where program is running.
// (Local Geonames Docker with port 3000 forwarded to 80)

var server = supertest.agent("http://localhost:80");

// UNIT test begin

describe("Geonames Docker container test", function() {

  // #1 should return home page

  it("should return home page", function(done) {

    // calling home page api
    server
    .get("/")
    .expect("Content-type", /html/)
    .expect(200) // THis is HTTP response
    .end(function(err, res){
      // HTTP status should be 200
      res.status.should.equal(200);
      // // Error key should be false.
      // res.body.error.should.equal(false);
      done();
    });
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to include an aggregate function inside a dplyr filter in R I need to find out total number of models that were sold only once in a given month.
Sample DF:
> df <- data.frame(sale_date = c('2019-01-02','2019-01-06','2019-01-20','2019-01-24','2019-02-
01','2019-02-11','2019-02-21','2019-03-13','2019-03-10','2019-03-19'),
+                  model = c('A4','Vxi','Vxi','A6','Xing','Xing','Lxi','Lxi','Zxi','Zxi'))
> df
    sale_date model
1  2019-01-02    A4
2  2019-01-06   Vxi
3  2019-01-20   Vxi
4  2019-01-24    A6
5  2019-02-01  Xing
6  2019-02-11  Xing
7  2019-02-21   Lxi
8  2019-03-13   Lxi
9  2019-03-10   Zxi
10 2019-03-19   Zxi

My output should be : 4, because in Jan both 'A4' and 'A6' where sold only once, so that's 2 for Jan, then in Feb 'Lxi' was sold only once, so 3 for Jan and Feb and in March also 'Lxi' was sold just once, so total models that were sold only once each month is 4.
tried with below code but seems lengthy:
> step1 <- df %>% group_by(month(sale_date, label = 1),model) %>% summarise(count = n())
> step1
# A tibble: 7 x 3
# Groups:   month(sale_date, label = 1) [3]
  `month(sale_date, label = 1)` model count
  <ord>                         <fct> <int>
1 Jan                           A4        1
2 Jan                           A6        1
3 Jan                           Vxi       2
4 Feb                           Lxi       1
5 Feb                           Xing      2
6 Mar                           Lxi       1
7 Mar                           Zxi       2
> sum(step1$count == 1)
[1] 4
>

Could someone let me know if there is a simpler code to get the result

A: You can get the month-year from the date, create a count of number of models sold in each month and count number of models that were sold only once.
library(dplyr)

df %>%
  mutate(sale_month = format(as.Date(sale_date), "%Y-%m")) %>%
  count(sale_month, model) %>%
  summarise(ans = sum(n == 1))

#    ans
#  <int>
#1     4

In base R, we can count the number of models sold with table and count the occurence of 1.
sum(table(transform(df,sale_month = format(as.Date(sale_date), "%Y-%m"))[-1]) ==1)
#[1] 4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using namespace Microsoft::WRL;

namespace april
{
	DirectX11_PixelShader::DirectX11_PixelShader(chstr filename) : PixelShader(), dx11Shader(nullptr)
	{
		this->loadResource(filename);
	}

	DirectX11_PixelShader::DirectX11_PixelShader() : PixelShader(), dx11Shader(nullptr)
	{
	}

	DirectX11_PixelShader::~DirectX11_PixelShader()
	{
		this->dx11Shader = nullptr;
	}

	bool DirectX11_PixelShader::loadFile(chstr filename)
	{
		if (this->dx11Shader != nullptr)
		{
			hlog::error(logTag, "Shader already loaded.");
			return false;
		}
		unsigned char* data = NULL;
		int32_t size = 0;
		if (!this->_loadFileData(filename, &data, &size))
		{
			hlog::error(logTag, "Shader file not found: " + filename);
			return false;
		}
		HRESULT hr = APRIL_D3D_DEVICE->CreatePixelShader(data, size, NULL, &this->dx11Shader);
		delete [] data;
		if (FAILED(hr))
		{
			hlog::error(logTag, "Failed to create pixel shader!");
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	bool DirectX11_PixelShader::loadResource(chstr filename)
	{
		if (this->dx11Shader != nullptr)
		{
			hlog::error(logTag, "Shader already loaded.");
			return false;
		}
		unsigned char* data = NULL;
		int32_t size = 0;
		if (!this->_loadResourceData(filename, &data, &size))
		{
			hlog::error(logTag, "Shader file not found: " + filename);
			return false;
		}
		HRESULT hr = APRIL_D3D_DEVICE->CreatePixelShader(data, size, NULL, &this->dx11Shader);
		delete [] data;
		if (FAILED(hr))
		{
			hlog::error(logTag, "Failed to create pixel shader!");
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	void DirectX11_PixelShader::setConstantsB(const int* quads, unsigned int quadCount)
	{
	}

	void DirectX11_PixelShader::setConstantsI(const int* quads, unsigned int quadCount)
	{
	}

	void DirectX11_PixelShader::setConstantsF(const float* quads, unsigned int quadCount)
	{
	}

}

#endif


One of the most widespread news of the fall was the fact that Samsung's Galaxy Note 7 had a tendency to overheat and burn users. Sometimes it even burnt cars and caused other material damages too. This way, its main competitor, the iPhone 7 only had to stay cool and do almost nothing in order to be considered the better handset. Up until now, it seemed that the Apple device managed to do a great job at this, but now it seems that maybe we were mistaken. As it turns out, the latest iPhone also overheats and causes trouble.
According to www.news.com.au, Melanie Tan Pelaez, a mom-to-be was the first reported victim of the smartphone. The woman fell asleep while watching movies on her handset and woke up to a second degree burn on her forearm. After a trip to the hospital, the diagnosis was quite clear: the burn was caused by Pelaez's smartphone that overheated while charging. At least, the form of the scar suggested that this was the case. However, when the mom-to-be took her phone back to an Apple store, the staff there seemed to be reluctant to believe that this kind of damage could be caused by their device.
Even though at first the company seemed to be quite certain that the smartphone couldn't have caused the burn, they later announced Pelaez that they would send the device to a senior technician in California for testing They also offered a replacement iPhone 7 to the burnt customer, who respectfully declined the offer. Apple doesn't seem to try to quickly sweep the story under the rug, given the fact that they confirmed to News.com.au that they are working on sorting things out with the mom-to-be.
Even though the iPhone 7's overheating issue is far from being as serious as the one of the Galaxy Note 7, it's good to keep in mind that this handset can also cause some serious damages. Hopefully, this matter won't get out of hand as it happened with Samsung's flagship device.
Previous Dead Rising 4: Too many changes?


text:
TIME FOR A CHECKUP Put a trip to the doctor on your back-to-school schedule
By SUSAN FERRARO
August is to pediatricians what April is to accountants - a nonstop rush hour as battalions of kids squirm and parents sigh through annual exams. Anything but patient, the patients are healthy, the visits, mostly, uneventful. But the checkups - sandwiched between shopping trips for new shoes and a suitably cool lunchbox - are vital and often the only time all year doctors see children when they're feeling normal. Schools want to know their students are immunized. Parents just want to know their kids are healthy. "Oh yes," says Eric Akiva's father, Johan Rugfelt, a consultant who watches intently as his 4-year-old giggles his way through a hearing test at the Lenox Hill's Children's Center. "It is great to hear that he is fine.
" Pediatricians say time focused on the whole child lets them go beyond germ wars to work on vital health issues like bike safety, how to manage both school bullies and friends and what to eat. And fun time: too much TV equals too little exercise. "You generally have kids for only 20 to 30 minutes a year!
" says Dr. Andrew Racine, head of general pediatrics at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx. And modern pediatricians often double as family mediators. "Often a mother says a child can't watch so much TV, but it's on all the time at home," says Racine. Or kids are groggy from watching their own TVs late into the night. "I often try to take time to arrange a contract with kids: no TV-watching Monday to Friday, subject to negotiation.
" Back-to-school checkups Urban children also have specific needs. "It's as important to immunize a child against drowning as it is to vaccinate her against diphtheria, and that means - learn to swim!
" says Dr. Rigmor Spang, chief of inpatient pediatrics at Lenox Hill Hospital. And feelings count. "There can be emotional issues involved in going to school even if the child has been to pre-K," says Dr. Matthew R. Kaplan, a top pediatrician at Maimonides Medical Center. "New schools are different - with more challenges and longer hours, new kids, big kids.
" With their heavy load this time of year, even the best pediatrician can be a little forgetful. "You can't always assume the physician is going to ask the right questions," says Kaplan. To help, parents can bring questions and a vaccination record for new doctors. Check out the checkup Checkups start with a physical exam and "a lot of history-taking" about illnesses in the past year and everyday habits, says Dr. Howard Taras, spokesman for the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Doctors measure height and weight, check eyes and ears, listen to the heart for murmurs and the lungs for wheezing or asthma. For patients age 3 and up, they take blood pressure readings. They also look for scoliosis, repetitive strain injuries (like from throwing a baseball too much), acne and eczema. Puberty can strike too early or too late in girls. "Some males at 12 are men, and some are boys," says Taras. "Should they be doing contact sports [together]?
" Parents need to know that older children should talk to the doctor alone, says Racine - about tobacco, drugs and sex. And the doctor should tell patients that their exchanges are private unless they threaten suicide or violence. What children hate most about checkups are shots. This year, Rugfelt's son, Eric, had to have one each for measles, polio and hepatitis B. ("Then he cries," sighs his dad.) But vaccines have banished terrible killers and cripplers (leaving doctors time to ask about feelings). Among them: polio; diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus (DTaP); hemophilus influenza b (Hib), measles, mumps and rubella (MMR); hepatitis A and B, and chicken pox. Vaccination is not universal: nationally, only 72.
8% of toddlers 19 to 35 months get their shots on schedule, according to Dr. Anne Moscona, top pediatric infectious diseases expert at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. And, she adds, recent figures from the Centers for Disease Control show New Yorkers are worse: just 66.
2% - or only two in three - of the city's vaccination-age children have had their recommended immunizations. Some parents and doctors question the need for so many vaccines. Worried parents should discuss the pros and cons carefully with the doctor, says Racine. Two have drawn special attention: - Varicella for chicken pox is not yet required by schools; it can cause a rash and is not 100% effective. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends it: Chicken pox sends 1,000 Americans to the hospital a year, and kills 100. - Some parents have come to believe - incorrectly - that the measles vaccine is linked to autism, but "autism and measles have been well studied, and there is no evidence the two are linked," Racine says. "It's just that the time when autism is generally diagnosed coincides with when children are usually getting vaccines.
" Those who have their shots - most are given in stages over a period of months - may find keeping track difficult; doctors keep records, but parents should also. An independent record comes in handy if you move or change health-care providers. Plan and prevent Beyond the classroom, school health questions abound. From pre-K to 12th grade, backpacks are part of the American child's unofficial uniform, and so is cramming them the way you wish you could cram your brain before a test. Studies show no "clear evidence" that heavy backpacks warp backs, says Kaplan. But he tells parents: "Heft the backpack yourself. If it seems too heavy, it is too heavy.
" Put it another way: Children should pack no more than 20% of their weight, says Dr. Spang of Lenox Hill Hospital. That means an 80-pound girl should zip her bag at 16 pounds. Some weight youngsters carry is harder to drop. "Thirty percent of kids today are obese," says Spang. Fat toddlers do not run a greater risk of adult obesity - and all the health problems obesity brings - but the risk does grow if they're still fat by school age, she says. The problem is little exercise and, too often, the wrong foods. "Growing kids need three glasses of milk a day, because you are building your body like you build a house," says Spang. "You only have 20 years to do it, and you are going to be living to 90 or maybe 105 years.
" Breakfast is essential, she says. A mother of four daughters, Spang used to bar the door with her body when they left for school, refusing to let them pass until they took a carton of milk and a banana. "With no breakfast, they are starving by 10 a.
m.," says Spang - ready to gobble high-carbohydrate foods like "doughnuts and chips.
" Two hours later, hunger returns, driven by the body's response to all those carbohydrates. In fact, Spang says, carbohydrate snacks lurk everywhere - in glasses of orange juice, dried fruit, soda, cupcakes, pies, potatoes and pasta. Many schools have soda machines. "Somebody has to do something about that," snorts Spang. (Somebody is trying. Dr. Ileana Vargas at Columbia Presbyterian's Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center is working with others to get soda and bad snacks out of schools, but many districts use the income for extracurricular programs.) Home habits Head colds - multifarious, miserable maladies caused by retroviruses - seem part of life. But a recent U.
S. Navy study shows colds can be cut, at least much of the time, if people simply wash their hands. That means washing a lot, and starting as soon as kids are old enough to stand at a sink. Good hygiene not only diminishes chances of catching a cold but lowers the number of gastrointestinal upsets. Other simple, extremely effective health and safety measures include teaching children how to cross streets and to wear protective equipment. "The helmet issue - I cannot overemphasize that," says Spang. "Especially boys. They tend to do riskier things, go to dangerous spots. Boys have more accidents of every type. They are marvelously adventurous, but live more dangerously.
" Parents need to monitor their children's emotional health, too. They should set aside listening time and pay as much attention to their children's silences as they do to their chatter. "If a child seems not to want to talk much, or withdraws, something is going on," says Spang. "It's important, when a child comes home, to ask what is going on. Ask 'How are you?
' If there's a negative pattern, investigate. Talk to the teacher, the other children. Be proactive, so it does not get worse and worse.
" And parents should choose carefully the stress they squeeze into a child's life, suggests Ellen Hollon at the child-life program at the Children's Medical Center in Dallas. Is that ratty old dress your 7-year-old adores worth a pitched battle? Maybe not this morning. E-record You can keep immunization records online yourself, or use an existing form through www.
webmd.
com. Click on Healthsite (on the right), then on Health-E-Tool at the left. Finally, click Immunization Planner. This "super secure" site keeps vaccination data upfront, along with a child's medical history, such as allergies to eggs, that might influence the choice a of vaccine, says Dr. Charlotte Grayson, senior medical editor at webmd. The completed Web pages can be printed, a good idea after each update to keep in a calendar or files. The site also provides information on "what the future holds," such as nasal spray vaccines coming down the line, Grayson says.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
<?php

namespace ccxt;

// PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS GENERATED AND WILL BE OVERWRITTEN:
// https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-code

use Exception; // a common import

class wazirx extends Exchange {

    public function describe() {
        return $this->deep_extend(parent::describe(), array(
            'id' => 'wazirx',
            'name' => 'WazirX',
            'countries' => array( 'IN' ),
            'version' => 'v2',
            'rateLimit' => 1000,
            'pro' => true,
            'has' => array(
                'CORS' => false,
                'spot' => true,
                'margin' => null, // has but unimplemented
                'swap' => false,
                'future' => false,
                'option' => false,
                'cancelAllOrders' => true,
                'cancelOrder' => true,
                'createOrder' => true,
                'createStopLimitOrder' => true,
                'createStopMarketOrder' => true,
                'createStopOrder' => true,
                'fetchBalance' => true,
                'fetchBidsAsks' => false,
                'fetchClosedOrders' => false,
                'fetchCurrencies' => false,
                'fetchDepositAddress' => false,
                'fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork' => false,
                'fetchDeposits' => true,
                'fetchFundingHistory' => false,
                'fetchFundingRate' => false,
                'fetchFundingRateHistory' => false,
                'fetchFundingRates' => false,
                'fetchIndexOHLCV' => false,
                'fetchMarginMode' => false,
                'fetchMarkets' => true,
                'fetchMarkOHLCV' => false,
                'fetchMyTrades' => false,
                'fetchOHLCV' => true,
                'fetchOpenInterestHistory' => false,
                'fetchOpenOrders' => true,
                'fetchOrder' => true,
                'fetchOrderBook' => true,
                'fetchOrders' => true,
                'fetchPositionMode' => false,
                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV' => false,
                'fetchStatus' => true,
                'fetchTicker' => true,
                'fetchTickers' => true,
                'fetchTime' => true,
                'fetchTrades' => true,
                'fetchTradingFee' => false,
                'fetchTradingFees' => false,
                'fetchTransactionFees' => false,
                'fetchTransactions' => false,
                'fetchTransfers' => false,
                'fetchWithdrawals' => false,
                'transfer' => false,
                'withdraw' => false,
            ),
            'urls' => array(
                'logo' => 'https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1294454/148647666-c109c20b-f8ac-472f-91c3-5f658cb90f49.jpeg',
                'api' => array(
                    'rest' => 'https://api.wazirx.com/sapi/v1',
                ),
                'www' => 'https://wazirx.com',
                'doc' => 'https://docs.wazirx.com/#public-rest-api-for-wazirx',
                'fees' => 'https://wazirx.com/fees',
                'referral' => 'https://wazirx.com/invite/k7rrnks5',
            ),
            'api' => array(
                'public' => array(
                    'get' => array(
                        'exchangeInfo' => 1,
                        'depth' => 1,
                        'ping' => 1,
                        'systemStatus' => 1,
                        'tickers/24hr' => 1,
                        'ticker/24hr' => 1,
                        'time' => 1,
                        'trades' => 1,
                        'klines' => 1,
                    ),
                ),
                'private' => array(
                    'get' => array(
                        'account' => 1,
                        'allOrders' => 1,
                        'funds' => 1,
                        'historicalTrades' => 1,
                        'openOrders' => 1,
                        'order' => 1,
                        'myTrades' => 1,
                    ),
                    'post' => array(
                        'order' => 1,
                        'order/test' => 1,
                    ),
                    'delete' => array(
                        'order' => 1,
                        'openOrders' => 1,
                    ),
                ),
            ),
            'fees' => array(
                'WRX' => array( 'maker' => $this->parse_number('0.0'), 'taker' => $this->parse_number('0.0') ),
            ),
            'precisionMode' => TICK_SIZE,
            'exceptions' => array(
                'exact' => array(
                    '-1121' => '\\ccxt\\BadSymbol', // array( "code" => -1121, "message" => "Invalid symbol." )
                    '1999' => '\\ccxt\\BadRequest', // array("code":1999,"message":"symbol is missing, symbol does not have a valid value") message varies depending on the error
                    '2002' => '\\ccxt\\InsufficientFunds', // array("code":2002,"message":"Not enough USDT balance to execute this order")
                    '2005' => '\\ccxt\\BadRequest', // array("code":2005,"message":"Signature is incorrect.")
                    '2078' => '\\ccxt\\PermissionDenied', // array("code":2078,"message":"Permission denied.")
                    '2098' => '\\ccxt\\BadRequest', // array("code":2098,"message":"Request out of receiving window.")
                    '2031' => '\\ccxt\\InvalidOrder', // array("code":2031,"message":"Minimum buy amount must be worth 2.0 USDT")
                    '2113' => '\\ccxt\\BadRequest', // array("code":2113,"message":"RecvWindow must be in range 1..60000")
                    '2115' => '\\ccxt\\BadRequest', // array("code":2115,"message":"Signature not found.")
                    '2136' => '\\ccxt\\RateLimitExceeded', // array("code":2136,"message":"Too many api request")
                    '94001' => '\\ccxt\\InvalidOrder', // array("code":94001,"message":"Stop price not found.")
                ),
            ),
            'timeframes' => array(
                '1m' => '1m',
                '5m' => '5m',
                '30m' => '30m',
                '1h' => '1h',
                '2h' => '2h',
                '4h' => '4h',
                '6h' => '6h',
                '12h' => '12h',
                '1d' => '1d',
                '1w' => '1w',
            ),
            'options' => array(
                // 'fetchTradesMethod' => 'privateGetHistoricalTrades',
                'recvWindow' => 10000,
            ),
        ));
    }

    public function fetch_markets($params = array ()) {
        /**
         * retrieves data on all $markets for wazirx
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the exchange api endpoint
         * @return {[array]} an array of objects representing $market data
         */
        $response = $this->publicGetExchangeInfo ($params);
        //
        // {
        //     "timezone":"UTC",
        //     "serverTime":1641336850932,
        //     "symbols":array(
        //     {
        //         "symbol":"btcinr",
        //         "status":"trading",
        //         "baseAsset":"btc",
        //         "quoteAsset":"inr",
        //         "baseAssetPrecision":5,
        //         "quoteAssetPrecision":0,
        //         "orderTypes":[
        //             "limit",
        //             "stop_limit"
        //         ),
        //         "isSpotTradingAllowed":true,
        //         "filters":array(
        //             array(
        //                 "filterType":"PRICE_FILTER",
        //                 "minPrice":"1",
        //                 "tickSize":"1"
        //             }
        //         )
        //     ),
        //
        $markets = $this->safe_value($response, 'symbols', array());
        $result = array();
        for ($i = 0; $i < count($markets); $i++) {
            $market = $markets[$i];
            $id = $this->safe_string($market, 'symbol');
            $baseId = $this->safe_string($market, 'baseAsset');
            $quoteId = $this->safe_string($market, 'quoteAsset');
            $base = $this->safe_currency_code($baseId);
            $quote = $this->safe_currency_code($quoteId);
            $isSpot = $this->safe_value($market, 'isSpotTradingAllowed');
            $filters = $this->safe_value($market, 'filters');
            $minPrice = null;
            for ($j = 0; $j < count($filters); $j++) {
                $filter = $filters[$j];
                $filterType = $this->safe_string($filter, 'filterType');
                if ($filterType === 'PRICE_FILTER') {
                    $minPrice = $this->safe_number($filter, 'minPrice');
                }
            }
            $fee = $this->safe_value($this->fees, $quote, array());
            $takerString = $this->safe_string($fee, 'taker', '0.2');
            $takerString = Precise::string_div($takerString, '100');
            $makerString = $this->safe_string($fee, 'maker', '0.2');
            $makerString = Precise::string_div($makerString, '100');
            $status = $this->safe_string($market, 'status');
            $result[] = array(
                'id' => $id,
                'symbol' => $base . '/' . $quote,
                'base' => $base,
                'quote' => $quote,
                'settle' => null,
                'baseId' => $baseId,
                'quoteId' => $quoteId,
                'settleId' => null,
                'type' => 'spot',
                'spot' => $isSpot,
                'margin' => false,
                'swap' => false,
                'future' => false,
                'option' => false,
                'active' => ($status === 'trading'),
                'contract' => false,
                'linear' => null,
                'inverse' => null,
                'taker' => $this->parse_number($takerString),
                'maker' => $this->parse_number($makerString),
                'contractSize' => null,
                'expiry' => null,
                'expiryDatetime' => null,
                'strike' => null,
                'optionType' => null,
                'precision' => array(
                    'amount' => $this->parse_number($this->parse_precision($this->safe_string($market, 'baseAssetPrecision'))),
                    'price' => $this->parse_number($this->parse_precision($this->safe_string($market, 'quoteAssetPrecision'))),
                ),
                'limits' => array(
                    'leverage' => array(
                        'min' => null,
                        'max' => null,
                    ),
                    'price' => array(
                        'min' => $minPrice,
                        'max' => null,
                    ),
                    'amount' => array(
                        'min' => null,
                        'max' => null,
                    ),
                    'cost' => array(
                        'min' => null,
                        'max' => null,
                    ),
                ),
                'info' => $market,
            );
        }
        return $result;
    }

    public function fetch_ohlcv($symbol, $timeframe = '1m', $since = null, $limit = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * fetches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a $market
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $symbol of the $market to fetch OHLCV data for
         * @param {string} $timeframe the length of time each candle represents. Available values [1m,5m,15m,30m,1h,2h,4h,6h,12h,1d,1w]
         * @param {int|null} $since timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
         * @param {int|null} $limit the maximum amount of candles to fetch
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @param {int|null} $params->until timestamp in s of the latest candle to fetch
         * @return {[[int]]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
         */
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
            'interval' => $this->timeframes[$timeframe],
        );
        if ($limit !== null) {
            $request['limit'] = $limit;
        }
        $until = $this->safe_integer($params, 'until');
        $params = $this->omit($params, array( 'until' ));
        if ($since !== null) {
            $request['startTime'] = intval($since / 1000);
        }
        if ($until !== null) {
            $request['endTime'] = $until;
        }
        $response = $this->publicGetKlines (array_merge($request, $params));
        //
        //    [
        //        [1669014360,1402001,1402001,1402001,1402001,0],
        //        ...
        //    ]
        //
        return $this->parse_ohlcvs($response, $market, $timeframe, $since, $limit);
    }

    public function parse_ohlcv($ohlcv, $market = null) {
        //
        //    [1669014300,1402001,1402001,1402001,1402001,0],
        //
        return array(
            $this->safe_timestamp($ohlcv, 0),
            $this->safe_number($ohlcv, 1),
            $this->safe_number($ohlcv, 2),
            $this->safe_number($ohlcv, 3),
            $this->safe_number($ohlcv, 4),
            $this->safe_number($ohlcv, 5),
        );
    }

    public function fetch_order_book($symbol, $limit = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * fetches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $symbol of the $market to fetch the order book for
         * @param {int|null} $limit the maximum amount of order book entries to return
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {array} A dictionary of {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#order-book-structure order book structures} indexed by $market symbols
         */
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
        );
        if ($limit !== null) {
            $request['limit'] = $limit; // [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000]
        }
        $response = $this->publicGetDepth (array_merge($request, $params));
        //
        //     {
        //          "timestamp":1559561187,
        //          "asks":[
        //                     ["8540.0","1.5"],
        //                     ["8541.0","0.0042"]
        //                 ],
        //          "bids":[
        //                     ["8530.0","0.8814"],
        //                     ["8524.0","1.4"]
        //                 ]
        //      }
        //
        $timestamp = $this->safe_integer($response, 'timestamp');
        return $this->parse_order_book($response, $symbol, $timestamp);
    }

    public function fetch_ticker($symbol, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * fetches a price $ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific $market
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $symbol of the $market to fetch the $ticker for
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {array} a {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#$ticker-structure $ticker structure}
         */
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
        );
        $ticker = $this->publicGetTicker24hr (array_merge($request, $params));
        //
        // {
        //     "symbol":"wrxinr",
        //     "baseAsset":"wrx",
        //     "quoteAsset":"inr",
        //     "openPrice":"94.77",
        //     "lowPrice":"92.7",
        //     "highPrice":"95.17",
        //     "lastPrice":"94.03",
        //     "volume":"1118700.0",
        //     "bidPrice":"94.02",
        //     "askPrice":"94.03",
        //     "at":1641382455000
        // }
        //
        return $this->parse_ticker($ticker, $market);
    }

    public function fetch_tickers($symbols = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * fetches price $tickers for multiple markets, statistical calculations with the information calculated over the past 24 hours each market
         * @param {[string]|null} $symbols unified $symbols of the markets to fetch the $ticker for, all market $tickers are returned if not assigned
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {array} an array of {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#$ticker-structure $ticker structures}
         */
        $this->load_markets();
        $tickers = $this->publicGetTickers24hr ();
        //
        // array(
        //     {
        //        "symbol":"btcinr",
        //        "baseAsset":"btc",
        //        "quoteAsset":"inr",
        //        "openPrice":"3698486",
        //        "lowPrice":"3641155.0",
        //        "highPrice":"3767999.0",
        //        "lastPrice":"3713212.0",
        //        "volume":"254.11582",
        //        "bidPrice":"3715021.0",
        //        "askPrice":"3715022.0",
        //     }
        //     ...
        // )
        //
        $result = array();
        for ($i = 0; $i < count($tickers); $i++) {
            $ticker = $tickers[$i];
            $parsedTicker = $this->parse_ticker($ticker);
            $symbol = $parsedTicker['symbol'];
            $result[$symbol] = $parsedTicker;
        }
        return $result;
    }

    public function fetch_trades($symbol, $since = null, $limit = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * get the list of most recent trades for a particular $symbol
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $symbol of the $market to fetch trades for
         * @param {int|null} $since timestamp in ms of the earliest trade to fetch
         * @param {int|null} $limit the maximum amount of trades to fetch
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {[array]} a list of ~@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html?#public-trades trade structures~
         */
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
        );
        if ($limit !== null) {
            $request['limit'] = $limit; // Default 500; max 1000.
        }
        $method = $this->safe_string($this->options, 'fetchTradesMethod', 'publicGetTrades');
        $response = $this->$method (array_merge($request, $params));
        // array(
        //     array(
        //         "id":322307791,
        //         "price":"93.7",
        //         "qty":"0.7",
        //         "quoteQty":"65.59",
        //         "time":1641386701000,
        //         "isBuyerMaker":false
        //     ),
        // )
        return $this->parse_trades($response, $market, $since, $limit);
    }

    public function parse_trade($trade, $market = null) {
        //
        //     {
        //         "id":322307791,
        //         "price":"93.7",
        //         "qty":"0.7",
        //         "quoteQty":"65.59",
        //         "time":1641386701000,
        //         "isBuyerMaker":false
        //     }
        //
        $id = $this->safe_string($trade, 'id');
        $timestamp = $this->safe_integer($trade, 'time');
        $datetime = $this->iso8601($timestamp);
        $market = $this->safe_market(null, $market);
        $isBuyerMaker = $this->safe_value($trade, 'isBuyerMaker');
        $side = $isBuyerMaker ? 'sell' : 'buy';
        $price = $this->safe_number($trade, 'price');
        $amount = $this->safe_number($trade, 'qty');
        $cost = $this->safe_number($trade, 'quoteQty');
        return $this->safe_trade(array(
            'info' => $trade,
            'id' => $id,
            'timestamp' => $timestamp,
            'datetime' => $datetime,
            'symbol' => $market['symbol'],
            'order' => $id,
            'type' => null,
            'side' => $side,
            'takerOrMaker' => null,
            'price' => $price,
            'amount' => $amount,
            'cost' => $cost,
            'fee' => null,
        ), $market);
    }

    public function fetch_status($params = array ()) {
        /**
         * the latest known information on the availability of the exchange API
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {array} a {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#exchange-$status-structure $status structure}
         */
        $response = $this->publicGetSystemStatus ($params);
        //
        //     {
        //         "status":"normal", // normal, system maintenance
        //         "message":"System is running normally."
        //     }
        //
        $status = $this->safe_string($response, 'status');
        return array(
            'status' => ($status === 'normal') ? 'ok' : 'maintenance',
            'updated' => null,
            'eta' => null,
            'url' => null,
            'info' => $response,
        );
    }

    public function fetch_time($params = array ()) {
        /**
         * fetches the current integer timestamp in milliseconds from the exchange server
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {int} the current integer timestamp in milliseconds from the exchange server
         */
        $response = $this->publicGetTime ($params);
        //
        //     {
        //         "serverTime":1635467280514
        //     }
        //
        return $this->safe_integer($response, 'serverTime');
    }

    public function parse_ticker($ticker, $market = null) {
        //
        //     {
        //        "symbol":"btcinr",
        //        "baseAsset":"btc",
        //        "quoteAsset":"inr",
        //        "openPrice":"3698486",
        //        "lowPrice":"3641155.0",
        //        "highPrice":"3767999.0",
        //        "lastPrice":"3713212.0",
        //        "volume":"254.11582", // base volume
        //        "bidPrice":"3715021.0",
        //        "askPrice":"3715022.0",
        //        "at":1641382455000 // only on fetchTicker
        //     }
        //
        $marketId = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'symbol');
        $market = $this->safe_market($marketId, $market);
        $symbol = $market['symbol'];
        $last = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'lastPrice');
        $open = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'openPrice');
        $high = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'highPrice');
        $low = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'lowPrice');
        $baseVolume = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'volume');
        $bid = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'bidPrice');
        $ask = $this->safe_string($ticker, 'askPrice');
        $timestamp = $this->safe_integer($ticker, 'at');
        return $this->safe_ticker(array(
            'symbol' => $symbol,
            'timestamp' => $timestamp,
            'datetime' => $this->iso8601($timestamp),
            'high' => $high,
            'low' => $low,
            'bid' => $bid,
            'bidVolume' => null,
            'ask' => $ask,
            'askVolume' => null,
            'vwap' => null,
            'open' => $open,
            'close' => $last,
            'last' => $last,
            'previousClose' => null,
            'change' => null,
            'percentage' => null,
            'average' => null,
            'baseVolume' => $baseVolume,
            'quoteVolume' => null,
            'info' => $ticker,
        ), $market);
    }

    public function parse_balance($response) {
        $result = array( );
        for ($i = 0; $i < count($response); $i++) {
            $balance = $response[$i];
            $id = $this->safe_string($balance, 'asset');
            $code = $this->safe_currency_code($id);
            $account = $this->account();
            $account['free'] = $this->safe_string($balance, 'free');
            $account['used'] = $this->safe_string($balance, 'locked');
            $result[$code] = $account;
        }
        return $this->safe_balance($result);
    }

    public function fetch_balance($params = array ()) {
        /**
         * query for balance and get the amount of funds available for trading or funds locked in orders
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {array} a ~@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html?#balance-structure balance structure~
         */
        $this->load_markets();
        $response = $this->privateGetFunds ($params);
        //
        // array(
        //       array(
        //          "asset":"inr",
        //          "free":"0.0",
        //          "locked":"0.0"
        //       ),
        // )
        //
        return $this->parse_balance($response);
    }

    public function fetch_orders($symbol = null, $since = null, $limit = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * fetches information on multiple $orders made by the user
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $market $symbol of the $market $orders were made in
         * @param {int|null} $since the earliest time in ms to fetch $orders for
         * @param {int|null} $limit the maximum number of  orde structures to retrieve
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {[array]} a list of {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#order-structure order structures}
         */
        if ($symbol === null) {
            throw new ArgumentsRequired($this->id . ' fetchOrders() requires a `$symbol` argument');
        }
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
        );
        if ($since !== null) {
            $request['startTime'] = $since;
        }
        if ($limit !== null) {
            $request['limit'] = $limit;
        }
        $response = $this->privateGetAllOrders (array_merge($request, $params));
        //
        //   array(
        //       array(
        //           "id" => 28,
        //           "symbol" => "wrxinr",
        //           "price" => "9293.0",
        //           "origQty" => "10.0",
        //           "executedQty" => "8.2",
        //           "status" => "cancel",
        //           "type" => "limit",
        //           "side" => "sell",
        //           "createdTime" => 1499827319559,
        //           "updatedTime" => 1499827319559
        //       ),
        //       {
        //           "id" => 30,
        //           "symbol" => "wrxinr",
        //           "price" => "9293.0",
        //           "stopPrice" => "9200.0",
        //           "origQty" => "10.0",
        //           "executedQty" => "0.0",
        //           "status" => "cancel",
        //           "type" => "stop_limit",
        //           "side" => "sell",
        //           "createdTime" => 1499827319559,
        //           "updatedTime" => 1507725176595
        //       }
        //   )
        //
        $orders = $this->parse_orders($response, $market, $since, $limit);
        $orders = $this->filter_by($orders, 'symbol', $symbol);
        return $orders;
    }

    public function fetch_open_orders($symbol = null, $since = null, $limit = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * fetch all unfilled currently open $orders
         * @param {string|null} $symbol unified $market $symbol
         * @param {int|null} $since the earliest time in ms to fetch open $orders for
         * @param {int|null} $limit the maximum number of  open $orders structures to retrieve
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {[array]} a list of {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#order-structure order structures}
         */
        $this->load_markets();
        $request = array();
        $market = null;
        if ($symbol !== null) {
            $market = $this->market($symbol);
            $request['symbol'] = $market['id'];
        }
        $response = $this->privateGetOpenOrders (array_merge($request, $params));
        // array(
        //     array(
        //         "id" => 28,
        //         "symbol" => "wrxinr",
        //         "price" => "9293.0",
        //         "origQty" => "10.0",
        //         "executedQty" => "8.2",
        //         "status" => "cancel",
        //         "type" => "limit",
        //         "side" => "sell",
        //         "createdTime" => 1499827319559,
        //         "updatedTime" => 1499827319559
        //     ),
        //     {
        //         "id" => 30,
        //         "symbol" => "wrxinr",
        //         "price" => "9293.0",
        //         "stopPrice" => "9200.0",
        //         "origQty" => "10.0",
        //         "executedQty" => "0.0",
        //         "status" => "cancel",
        //         "type" => "stop_limit",
        //         "side" => "sell",
        //         "createdTime" => 1499827319559,
        //         "updatedTime" => 1507725176595
        //     }
        // )
        $orders = $this->parse_orders($response, $market, $since, $limit);
        return $orders;
    }

    public function cancel_all_orders($symbol = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * cancel all open orders in a $market
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $market $symbol of the $market to cancel orders in
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {[array]} a list of {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#order-structure order structures}
         */
        if ($symbol === null) {
            throw new ArgumentsRequired($this->id . ' cancelAllOrders() requires a `$symbol` argument');
        }
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
        );
        return $this->privateDeleteOpenOrders (array_merge($request, $params));
    }

    public function cancel_order($id, $symbol = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * cancels an open order
         * @param {string} $id order $id
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $symbol of the $market the order was made in
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {array} An {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#order-structure order structure}
         */
        if ($symbol === null) {
            throw new ArgumentsRequired($this->id . ' cancelOrder() requires a `$symbol` argument');
        }
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
            'orderId' => $id,
        );
        $response = $this->privateDeleteOrder (array_merge($request, $params));
        return $this->parse_order($response);
    }

    public function create_order($symbol, $type, $side, $amount, $price = null, $params = array ()) {
        /**
         * create a trade order
         * @param {string} $symbol unified $symbol of the $market to create an order in
         * @param {string} $type 'market' or 'limit'
         * @param {string} $side 'buy' or 'sell'
         * @param {float} $amount how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
         * @param {float|null} $price the $price at which the order is to be fullfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in $market orders
         * @param {array} $params extra parameters specific to the wazirx api endpoint
         * @return {array} an {@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#order-structure order structure}
         */
        $type = strtolower($type);
        if (($type !== 'limit') && ($type !== 'stop_limit')) {
            throw new ExchangeError($this->id . ' createOrder() supports limit and stop_limit orders only');
        }
        if ($price === null) {
            throw new ExchangeError($this->id . ' createOrder() requires a $price argument');
        }
        $this->load_markets();
        $market = $this->market($symbol);
        $request = array(
            'symbol' => $market['id'],
            'side' => $side,
            'quantity' => $amount,
            'type' => 'limit',
        );
        $request['price'] = $this->price_to_precision($symbol, $price);
        $stopPrice = $this->safe_string($params, 'stopPrice');
        if ($stopPrice !== null) {
            $request['type'] = 'stop_limit';
        }
        $response = $this->privatePostOrder (array_merge($request, $params));
        // {
        //     "id" => 28,
        //     "symbol" => "wrxinr",
        //     "price" => "9293.0",
        //     "origQty" => "10.0",
        //     "executedQty" => "8.2",
        //     "status" => "wait",
        //     "type" => "limit",
        //     "side" => "sell",
        //     "createdTime" => 1499827319559,
        //     "updatedTime" => 1499827319559
        // }
        return $this->parse_order($response, $market);
    }

    public function parse_order($order, $market = null) {
        // array(
        //     "id":1949417813,
        //     "symbol":"ltcusdt",
        //     "type":"limit",
        //     "side":"sell",
        //     "status":"done",
        //     "price":"146.2",
        //     "origQty":"0.05",
        //     "executedQty":"0.05",
        //     "createdTime":1641252564000,
        //     "updatedTime":1641252564000
        // ),
        $created = $this->safe_integer($order, 'createdTime');
        $updated = $this->safe_integer($order, 'updatedTime');
        $marketId = $this->safe_string($order, 'symbol');
        $symbol = $this->safe_symbol($marketId, $market);
        $amount = $this->safe_string($order, 'quantity');
        $filled = $this->safe_string($order, 'executedQty');
        $status = $this->parse_order_status($this->safe_string($order, 'status'));
        $id = $this->safe_string($order, 'id');
        $price = $this->safe_string($order, 'price');
        $type = $this->safe_string_lower($order, 'type');
        $side = $this->safe_string_lower($order, 'side');
        return $this->safe_order(array(
            'info' => $order,
            'id' => $id,
            'clientOrderId' => null,
            'timestamp' => $created,
            'datetime' => $this->iso8601($created),
            'lastTradeTimestamp' => $updated,
            'status' => $status,
            'symbol' => $symbol,
            'type' => $type,
            'timeInForce' => null,
            'postOnly' => null,
            'side' => $side,
            'price' => $price,
            'amount' => $amount,
            'filled' => $filled,
            'remaining' => null,
            'cost' => null,
            'fee' => null,
            'average' => null,
            'trades' => array(),
        ), $market);
    }

    public function parse_order_status($status) {
        $statuses = array(
            'wait' => 'open',
            'done' => 'closed',
            'cancel' => 'canceled',
        );
        return $this->safe_string($statuses, $status, $status);
    }

    public function sign($path, $api = 'public', $method = 'GET', $params = array (), $headers = null, $body = null) {
        $url = $this->urls['api']['rest'] . '/' . $path;
        if ($api === 'public') {
            if ($params) {
                $url .= '?' . $this->urlencode($params);
            }
        }
        if ($api === 'private') {
            $this->check_required_credentials();
            $timestamp = $this->milliseconds();
            $data = array_merge(array( 'recvWindow' => $this->options['recvWindow'], 'timestamp' => $timestamp ), $params);
            $data = $this->keysort($data);
            $signature = $this->hmac($this->encode($this->urlencode($data)), $this->encode($this->secret), 'sha256');
            $url .= '?' . $this->urlencode($data);
            $url .= '&$signature=' . $signature;
            $headers = array(
                'Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
                'X-Api-Key' => $this->apiKey,
            );
        }
        return array( 'url' => $url, 'method' => $method, 'body' => $body, 'headers' => $headers );
    }

    public function handle_errors($code, $reason, $url, $method, $headers, $body, $response, $requestHeaders, $requestBody) {
        //
        // array("code":2098,"message":"Request out of receiving window.")
        //
        if ($response === null) {
            return;
        }
        $errorCode = $this->safe_string($response, 'code');
        if ($errorCode !== null) {
            $feedback = $this->id . ' ' . $body;
            $this->throw_exactly_matched_exception($this->exceptions['exact'], $errorCode, $feedback);
            throw new ExchangeError($feedback);
        }
    }
}


One session will transform the way you think - We promise!
"You're always one decision away from a totally different life!"
We are here to help you realise your full potential, give you guidance, keep you focused and help you problem solve. We will look at where you are and where you want to be and bridge that gap by working together.
We will encourage you, help you, lift you, problem solve and push you to become the person you want to be.
We're not just here to listen, we're here to make a difference!
If you've read "My Story" you will know I've overcome many obstacles in my life and established many goals I've set for myself.
My ethos on life is very much "live for the moment" and grab each opportunity that comes your way. We are only here once and the only things we will regret on our way out are the things we never had the courage to try.
The power of positive thinking , motivation, focus and effective goal setting, can have a massive impact on how you approach a situation and the eventual outcome.
I've known Oliver since Jan 2016, He is fully supportive, inspirational and always encouraging me to get the best out of myself. I would definitely recommend Oliver due to his personal approach and easy-going nature, despite him training me, I can say he is also my friend as well. Oliver is unique and instantly changes the way you think. His methods are out of the box, and always challenging. With his training, I am now being able, to speak and use different methods of developing myself. I would definitely recommend Oliver in a heartbeat.
After having the honour of receiving one-to-one training from the highly experienced Oliver. I'd like to do what I can to make sure that his expertise doesn't go un-noticed. Upon meeting Oliver for the first time, I was instantly hooked as a result of his talent, and passion for his field of work. Never have I been given the same amount of confidence and belief that Oliver has given me to excel in the working world. He's an extremely relatable character for me personally, and as a result of his teachings & mentoring... My success will solely be down to him.
Many of us have areas of our lives where we would like to make changes but just don't' have the motivation or know where to start. Whether that be losing weight, loss of a loved one, depression, loneliness, changing career, getting our social or love live back on track, or feeling at a cross roads in life, this is where we come in and help.
Our initial face to face session is about getting to know you what you're struggling with and where you want to be. We will then create a plan of action for you to go away with and work on. We'll keep you motivated and above all We'll make a difference, that we promise.
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Discretion and confidentiality is applied to all our clients. Sessions can be a phone call, skype or in person, whichever is most convenient and that the client feels most comfortable with.


text:
Razie Rahim to be tested...
NOTE: To those who were offended when I posted the Malaysian team list from the FIH CC1 website, here is shit on your ugly face...It was a public document, and after years of experience I know there will be a few changes right up to the managers meeeting, and that is why I did not write a story in the NST but just posted the FIH website Malaysian name list.
Also George Koshy was a Korean on the website, I tweeted to FIH to change it, not officials from MHC.
MALAYSIA'S No 1 penalty corner flicker Razie Rahim was named among the 21 players for the Champions Challenge 1 in Kuantan from April 26-May 4.
Razie, 26, who underwent surgery on Feb 18 after dislocating his left shoulder while playing for Mumbai Magicians in the Hockey India League on Feb 4, will be tested in the two friendlies against France on Tuesday and Poland on Thursday before confirming his place in the squad.
"We have shortlisted 21 players, and Razie is among them. He will play in the two friendlies against France and Poalnd, and if he feels he is ready, and we get the green-light from the medical side, he will feature in the Champions Challenge," said team manager George Koshy.
Missing from the list were defender Baljit Singh and No 2 goalkeeper Roslan Jamaluddin, who are both still nursing injuries.
Roslan will be replaced by juniors goalkeeper Hafizuddin Othman, who had a good game in the Azlan Shah Cup where Malaysia finished second behind Australia.
Baljit will be replaced by Kevin Lim, 27, who will make his debut for Malaysia after playing in Germany, while Ismail Abu has also been included after being on the sidelines for years.
The final 18 will only be named in Kuantan.
Malaysia are in Group B and play France on May 26, followed by South Korea (May 27) and Canada (May 29).
In Group A are New Zealand, Poland, Japan and Ireland.
SHORLISTED: S. Kumar (gk), Hafizuddin Othman (gk), Azlan Misron, Kevin Lim, Izad Hakimi, Shukri Mutalib, Ahmad Kazamirul, Faiz Helmi, Azri Hassan, Fitri Shaari, Marhan Jalil, Ramadan Rosli, Nabil Fiqri, Shahrun Nabil, Tengku Ahmad Tajuddin, Faizal Saari, Shahril Saabah, Ismail Abu, Rashid Baharom, Firhan Ashaari, Razie Rahim.


text:
/**
 * grunt/pipeline.js
 *
 * The order in which your css, javascript, and template files should be
 * compiled and linked from your views and static HTML files.
 *
 * (Note that you can take advantage of Grunt-style wildcard/glob/splat expressions
 * for matching multiple files.)
 */

// CSS files to inject in order
//
// (if you're using LESS with the built-in default config, you'll want
//  to change `assets/styles/importer.less` instead.)
var cssFilesToInject = [
    'styles/**/*.css'
];

// Print CSS files
var printCssFilesToInject = [
    'print/**/*.css'
];

// Font files
var fontFilesToInject = [
    'fonts/*.*'
];

// Client-side javascript files to inject in order
// (uses Grunt-style wildcard/glob/splat expressions)
var jsFilesToInject = [
    // Load sails.io before everything else
//    'js/dependencies/sails.io.js',

    // Dependencies like jQuery, or Angular are brought in here
    'js/dependencies/jquery.min.js',
    'js/dependencies/jquery-ui.js',
    'js/dependencies/angular.min.js',
    'js/dependencies/ui-bootstrap.min.js',
    'js/dependencies/d3.js',
    'js/dependencies/nv.d3.js',
    'js/dependencies/tinycolor.js',
    'js/dependencies/angularjs-color-picker.js',
    'js/dependencies/sortable.js',
    'js/dependencies/moment-with-locales.min.js',
    'js/dependencies/moment-timezone-with-data.min.js',

    'js/dependencies/**/*.js',

    'js/**/*.module.js',
    // All of the rest of your client-side js files
    // will be injected here in no particular order.
    'js/*/**/*.js',
    'js/polyfills.js'
];

// Client-side HTML templates are injected using the sources below
// The ordering of these templates shouldn't matter.
// (uses Grunt-style wildcard/glob/splat expressions)
//
// By default, Sails uses JST templates and precompiles them into
// functions for you.  If you want to use jade, handlebars, dust, etc.,
// with the linker, no problem-- you'll just want to make sure the precompiled
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});

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Paige Cornelius Accuses Cal Players, Coaches and Staff of Sexual Harassment
Tim Daniels@TimDanielsBRTwitter LogoFeatured ColumnistMarch 21, 2019
David Madison/Getty Images
The University of California released a statement Wednesday after former student Paige Cornelius, who worked as a sports medicine intern in the athletic department, announced she had "medically withdrawn" from the school to seek treatment following alleged sexual harassment by players, coaches and staff members of the Golden Bears' football team.
Cornelius told Kyle Bonagura of ESPN.com that she decided to go public with her story after attempts to reach athletic director Jim Knowlton, football coach Justin Wilcox and other staff members went unanswered.
"We are aware of the very disturbing public allegations made on social media," the university's statement read. "Allegations of sexual violence and sexual harassment by campus employees are confidential unless officials determine policy is violated, and disciplinary action has been decided."
Cornelius said the harassment included one member of the coaching staff threatening to get her fired if she didn't have sex with him—ESPN reported he was since removed from the staff, though it's unclear if it's related to the case—and another staffer followed her home and asked if she'd go to the pool with him, saying she would "look amazing in a bikini."
"This coach is still employed by Cal Football, just to make that clear," she wrote on Facebook, per Bonagura.
Cornelius added she's "seeking intensive therapy and psychiatry for the post traumatic stress syndrome and anxiety that happened from the time I spent working for the Cal Football team."
In May, longtime Cal assistant director of student services Mohamed Muqtar was fired after sexual assault and harassment allegations were brought forward by seven women.
The school released a statement saying, "The findings described in the report are appalling, wholly unacceptable and have no place in our department, on campus or anywhere."
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text:
St. Joseph's Monastery: In the Beginning
Home / Baltimore, Maryland Historical Summary / St. Joseph's Passionist Monastery, Baltimore, Maryland History of the Foundation / St. Joseph's Monastery: In the Beginning
St. Joseph's Passionist Monastery, Baltimore, Maryland
In March, 1865, a team of Passionist Fathers—Gaudentius Rossi, Superior; Anthony Calandri, John Baptist Baudinelli and Basil Keating-arrived in Baltimore to preach parish missions at St. John's, St. Peter's and the Church of the Immaculate Conception. Before the last mission had been concluded, the Congregation of the Passion, in the person of Rossi, had accepted the invitation of Archbishop Martin John Spalding to establish a foundation in this, the Primatial See. Thus, from the very beginning the followers of St. Paul of the Cross made a definite and visible contribution to the spiritual life of the Archdiocese. Their arrival was simple, their contribution immediate and their effect on the community permanent. In his book, Compelled to Speak, which recounts the early history of the Passionists in America, Father Cassian J. Yuhaus, C.P., states:
"None of the great missions were as lasting in their effect on a diocese or in the Order as the three that were held in Baltimore in 1865—apart from the great amount of good they effected at the time. Most significant is the fact that it was only in Baltimore that the Order, once it arrived, literally never left. No foundation in the history of the Order in America was accomplished as directly and simply."
The immediate task was to administer, temporarily, the parish of St. Agnes in Catonsville, "a pretty suburb of Baltimore." Father John Thomas Stephanini was elected first superior of the proposed foundation, and Father Charles Lang was appointed his assistant on Passion Sunday, April 2, 1865. Archbishop Spalding "solemnly and publicly before a large congregation installed" Father Stephanini as superior and pastor of St. Agnes. Brother Boniface Feld, who helped to pioneer each new foundation, was also assigned to the staff. Thus, Baltimore officially became the fourth foundation of the Passionists in the United States.
Within three months of their arrival, the devout Mrs. Emily McTavish, granddaughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, presented the Fathers with eight acres of land on Maiden Choice Lane as a site for their monastery. When they subsequently determined this location to be unsuitable, she graciously allowed them to sell the land and use the money to purchase a sixteen-acre tract on Frederick Avenue across from Loudon Park.
A small frame church, known as the Church of the Passion, was built in a wooded grove to accommodate the Catholics of the immediate area.
Part 1: In The Beginning
Part 2: Celebrations—Further Growth
Part 3: Parish Life
Part 4: Purpose and Nature of the Monastic Life
Part 5: The "Conflict" in America
Part 6: Other Apostolates
Part 7: Foreign Missions
The End: In Retrospect


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Home » The Berlin Airlift
70 years ago the Berlin blockade ended
In Berlin there is an Airlift square, Platz der Luftbrücke. Where you can see a curious monument ascending in front of the former Tempelhof airport. Berliners call it the rake of hunger, die Hungerharke. But what is the Berlin Airlift? When and why did it take place? And why does it still concern us today? The juvenile reporters from the Böser Wolf (Big bad wolves) wanted to know more.
In brief: the Berlin Airlift occurred from 26 June 1948 to 30 September 1949. Berlin was divided into four sectors: The westerly zones were occupied by the United States, Great Britain, and France, while the Soviet Union took the zone to the east.
To disagree with the new monetary reform introduced in the three western sectors, the Russians decided to block all land and navigable access routes to West Berlin. To ensure that the population does not starve and has a minimum supply of electricity, the western Allies organised an airlift which provided this part of the city with food, fuel and other indispensable commodities.
Here you can find a short film that will give you more information about the history of the Berlin Airlift. You will maybe be surprised to learn that planes were landing every 62 seconds in Berlin because the West part of the city could only be reached by air.
It is a beautiful story of enemies becoming friends. Marion Werwoll, Managing Director of Stiftung Luftbrückendank (Airlift Gratitude Foundation), tells us this story in an interview. Of course, the young reporters from the Böser Wolf (Big Bad Wolf) also talked to eyewitnesses, like Mercedes and Horst, who were children back then. You will learn more about the everyday life in a city that is in need. Berlin needed help at that time and got it. It is a good lesson for today. And don't forget to take our quiz, test what you already know!
Text: The redaction
Drawings: Gaïa and Natalia
Text, drawings and photos © Grand méchant loup | Böser Wolf
Videoclip © Stiftung Luftbrückendank
Photos: Children © Landesarchiv Berlin
West Berlin
operation Vittles
American air force
post-war Germany
candy bomber
cargo planes
Tempelhof airport
lyana (not verified)
hello 70 years ago the berlin
hello 70 years ago the berlin blockade ended.
What do you know about the Berlin Airlift? Try your luck...


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