Marina Brooks is a certified Trainer and Master Practitioner of Neuro-Linguistic Programming, and holds certificates in Mental and Emotional Release® and Hypnosis from the Association for Integrative Psychology. Marina is also certified as a Ballroom & Latin Dance Teacher by the Canadian Dancesport Federation, and as a Rhythmic Gymnastics Coach from the Coaching Association of Canada. With over a decade of experience in teaching and coaching Marina has an extensive background of taking complex concepts and guiding her students, trainees and clients to achieving a mastery level of understanding and execution. She is a Speaker and an Empowerment and Breakthrough Coach and co-founder of Brooks Empowerment Academy along with her husband Kip.
My true belief is that life is meant to be lived fully with passion, joy and excitement. I believe the relationship we have with ourselves is the core foundation for our happiness in life and has a direct effect on all other relationships and areas of our lives.
I also believe that we carry within us the ability to heal ourselves, mentally, emotionally and physically – naturally, safely and permanently.
I am beyond grateful for the opportunity to share my message, bring awareness to the important subject of mental and emotional health, and empowering others to choose to create a great life for themselves.
I am passionate about helping people step into their own power and find their own true authentic voice as they choose to break old patterns of negative thinking, unsupportive behavior and emotional baggage and trauma.
I didn't always have this positive and loving outlook on life. In fact, it's the journey through depression and some of the lowest points in life that brought me to this destination and has changed the course of my life completely.
As a child I was very quiet, serious and rarely smiled. In my early teens I was extremely shy, to the point I would sit in the back of the classroom petrified that the teacher would ask me to answer a question or read something out loud. I simply wanted to be invisible, which eventually lead to being diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder.
In my mid-teens I was ripped out of my familiar environment and a very close tight-knit group of friends, and moved (for the second time in my life) half-way across the world to a whole new continent, where I had to learn a new language, adapt to a new culture and try to fit in again. My new life in North America lead me to the feeling of being "different", misunderstood, and not accepted, which of course eventually spun into a full blown depression, with yet another medical diagnosis.
In my early school years I was regularly one of the top students in the class with grades in the mid to high 90s. After moving my grades dropped to the 60s and 70s range (and below) and I was no longer the "star student". In my attempt at post-secondary education I bounced from program to program, failing class after class, never feeling fulfilled or passionate about what I was studying, and certainly not seeing a bright future of a career.
I was lost and confused, I had no idea who I was or who I wanted to become, and as I sank deeper and deeper into depression, with the pain becoming more and more unbearable, much like over 40 million Americas I was put on anti-depressants, and like in most cases my dose was routinely increased due to a "lack of improvement".
Not only was I doing poorly in my education, and therefore in career and finance, and not only was I experiencing major difficulty and a massive amount of emotional pain in the area of romance and intimate relationships, I had challenges connecting with my family – more specifically my dad, and I had close to no recognition of any sort of connection to a higher power, spirit or God.
For quite some time my physical body held together strongly, I've been physically active from a very young age as dance has always been a big part of my life, and coming from the Soviet Union we never picked up the habit of consuming processed or junk food in our home, mostly because it wasn't available. I was in good shape and would rarely get sick.
Little did I know at the time, that all the mental and emotional strained I had been under for all those years was growing a well deep inside me, and soon enough even my physical would body give in.
Before my mid-30s I have already experienced major emotional pain and mental turmoil in just about every area of my life. I hit a financial low point, came close to bankruptcy and nearly lost my house. Thinking I have found my passion in career instead I ended up watching my business come crashing down only a few years after opening the doors. My family moved across the continent for the third time leaving me with my at-the-time 18-month-old son from a loveless relationship with a man I was clearly not destined to be with, and no help or support around.
My heart had been broken so badly from abusive toxic relationships that I was sure I am doomed to a life of settling and that I'll never experience that "Fairytale" kind of true love. I could not hear my own heart, my own truth, and became so disconnected from my intuition that I was having difficulties making decisions about my life.
And then… one unforgettable trip to visit my parents in California, my body finally broke down and went into paralysis where I spent a week in bed unable to move or sleep because of massive pain.
I have now been on the personal discovery and development journey for well over a decade. Every twist and turn in the form of the challenges I mentioned above has thought me great lessons about myself and who I want to be – although at the beginning it was more like who I knew I didn't want to be.
When I heard my psychiatrist in university tell me that depression cannot be cured, that it is a mental illness that one can only learn to live with and regulate through the use of drugs and forever-on-going therapy, I remember hearing a voice inside saying "this can't be what life is about!" However faint that voice may had been at the time it grew louder and louder as time went on.
Eventually I began seeking out alternative therapists and trying out different, non-conventional treatment techniques. Each new therapist, coach and mentor I met gave me new tools and eventually I began seeing a shift in my life and how I was feeling as I began to put those tools to use.
The more success I was having, and the more I shed the label of Depression and Social Anxiety, the more I wanted to reach out and help others who were living through similar experiences as I had been.
As my toolbox grew and became filled with amazing incredible tools and techniques I began taking note of what was working for me and how I could better organize them into a system. This is where, along with my now husband, we developed our Signature 5-Step Breakthrough Coaching System and I am so thrilled to have it out in the world now making a massive impact and changing people's lives!
I overcame all odds when it seemed clear to me, and almost everyone else around me, that moving to the U.S. was not a possibility. When I finally made the decision to put my tools of faith and trust in myself and my higher power to work I manifested that which I had been dreaming of for years.
When I found Neuro-Linguistic Programming, and especially when I experienced Mental and Emotional Release® in the context of a Breakthrough Session, my life literally changed.
My very first Breakthrough session was in the area of Relationships, and boy did I get serious about doing the work that followed and stayed focused on and committed to my goals!
Only a few short months afterwards I met my soulmate, the man I had clearly described in my vision of the ideal relationship, and a few more short months later we were married, moved into a beautiful new house, and I found myself surrounded by love and joy and my heart overflowing with gratitude.
Probably one of the most significant shifts that occurred in my life was finding my true calling, my passion, my purpose in life.
That shy girl who hid in the back of the classroom praying to be unnoticed became a certified Teacher, Master Practitioner, Trainer and a Speaker. It now lifts me up and lights a fire in my soul when I get the opportunity to stand up in front of a group of people and share my story and my message of hope and the choice we all have, inspiring others to step into their own power and cause a major shift in their own lives.
I now live in a beautiful house with my husband and our three amazing brilliant children. I have the family, home and marriage I have always dreamed of. And I couldn't possibly be more passionate and excited about the work I do and the impact it has on the people I get the opportunity to work with.
Just like I was able to turn my life around, it is my purpose in life to help as many of you as I possibly can to step into your own power, find your own truth, and create the life you desire, the life you have always dreamed of using the very same tools and techniques that helped me achieve my outcomes.


Swedish rug company Kasthall has been producing some of the world's finest rugs since the end of the 19th century! They are known for using the highest quality natural fibers and dyes along with the newest technologies to create a beautiful long lasting product. Given its dimensions, we like this bold rug for a large loft space or open floor plan.
This piece is in very good overall condition with no stains, just minimal signs of wear consistent with use.


After completing the Battle for Lordaeron (and several of the quests that followed) on the Horde side of the World of Warcraft: – Battle for Azeroth Beta, I decided it was time to see what the Alliance side of that battle was like.
This required me to roll a new character (which will disappear when the Beta ends). I chose to play a Dark Iron Dwarf, which is an Alliance Allied Race. Thelgarn (whose name came from a random Dwarf name generator I found online) is a Warrior.
This blog contains screenshots, Twitch videos, and commentary about the Alliance side of the Battle for Azeroth Beta. There are some spoilers ahead.
I was fortunate enough to have been invited to the World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth Alpha. Shortly before the Alpha ended, I got an email with the lovely image that I put at the top of this blog. My best guess is that everyone who participated in the Alpha was automatically included in the Beta.
In this blog, I have screenshots, Twitch videos, and commentary about my thoughts and experiences in the World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth Beta. I've no idea how long the Beta will last, so I will try and make the most of it.
I was fortunate enough to get into the World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth Alpha. After thinking about it, I decided to roll a Void Elf and make her a Warlock. The Void Elf is one of the Allied Races.
The best thing about Alphas is the amusing "bugs" that players can find. The goal is to find and report all the bugs so they don't make it into the final version of the game.
I was fortunate enough to have gotten into the World of Warcraft Legion Beta. I immediately rolled a Night Elf Demon Hunter so I could see what the new class was like. It didn't take long for me to see that it is a really fun class to play.
I'd been holding off on posting my screenshots from my experience in the Legion Beta (just in case some of them turned out to be "spoilers".) The Legion expansion was released on August 30, 2016. About a month has passed since then. The screenshots I'm including in this blog are from the Demon Hunter starting zone.
This is my last blog in the short series I have been doing about the World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor beta. Sadly, my computer didn't have enough space for all of Blizzard's lovely stuff, so I ended up having to remove the beta.
I've been holding off on posting this blog because I suspect it might include "spoilers". I didn't understand what I was doing at the time, but I believe that what occurred was what I've since heard referred to as a "Garrison Attack".
This blog is part of my series about my thoughts and experiences in the World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor beta. I haven't had a whole lot of time to get in there and do stuff yet, for two reasons.
One, the beta did not want to download at first. Two, the new patch caused my (nearly full) computer to have issues. I'm getting a pop up window that tells me my start up disk is almost full. I can't finish downloading the new patch until I make more room on my computer. One way to fix that problem is to use up some of the screenshots I took while in the beta by making a blog out of them.
World of Warcraft, World of Warcraft Betas 0 comments on Warlords of Draenor Beta – We Got a Toy Box!
Warlords of Draenor Beta – We Got a Toy Box!
This blog is part of my series about my experiences in the World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor (WoD) beta. I'm in the process of trying to make enough room on my computer so that the new patch will download. One way to do that, I suppose, is to use up some of the screenshots that I took the last time I was able to play. I tend to take more screenshots of what I find in a beta than I will end up using.
Previously, I rolled a pre-made Level 90 female Draenei. The new models looked great, but they didn't actually make it from the character generation screen to the actual WoD beta. It led to an amusing "bug"! In this blog, I want to focus on something new that I found.
World of Warcraft, World of Warcraft Betas 0 comments on Warlords of Draenor Beta – My Draenei has no Hair!
Warlords of Draenor Beta – My Draenei has no Hair!
This blog is part of my series with my thoughts about, and experiences in, the World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor beta. So far, things have been interesting! I decided to roll a pre-made Level 90 character so I could see some of the new stuff without having to actually take the time to level a character all the way up. When I started playing this beta, I rolled a brand new Level 1 female Orc Warrior.
Next, I thought it would be a good idea to roll an Alliance character, so I could see both sides of things. The WoW character I've spent the most time playing is my female Draenei Shaman – so that's what I rolled. I did not expect to end up with a bald female Draenei, but that is what happened! The screenshots that you see in this blog were taken on July 20, 2014.
This blog is the first in what I intend to become a series about my experiences in, and thoughts about, the World of Warcraft Warlords of Draenor Beta. I did not expect to get in, so it was especially exciting to receive the email that let me know that I had been selected to play the beta.
It turned out that there was a battle to be fought before I could access the beta. First, I needed to move a lot of stuff off of my computer and onto my external hard drive in order to make space for the beta. That took the better part of a day to achieve. The screenshots you see in this blog were taken on July 13, 2014.


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Moving language: the language geographies of refugees and asylum-seekers in Glasgow
Shuttleworth, Sophie Rose (2018) Moving language: the language geographies of refugees and asylum-seekers in Glasgow. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.
Over the past five years the UK has seen an increased number of refugees and asylum-seekers arriving on its shores as a result of ongoing conflicts happening around the world. Refugees and asylum-seekers make up only a very small percentage of the country's population, yet immigration concerns regularly make headlines and are a 'hot topic' for politicians seeking public support. Glasgow became home for a large number of refugees and asylum-seekers after it signed up to the 'dispersal' scheme nearly twenty years ago, and as a result the make-up of communities in the city is everchanging. It has increased multiculturalism and is a decidedly multilingual city. This thesis brings together work in language geographies and migration studies to explore the everyday language geographies of refugees and asylum-seekers in Glasgow. The central aim is to reveal the situated dynamics of 'talk'; what languages are used, in what combinations, and with what kinds of 'props' as people seek to 'get-by', make friends and express themselves, all the while considering the implications of the spaces involved.
Through the voices of refugees, asylum-seekers and associated professionals, this thesis explores different spaces of multilingualism and the associated emotional geographies of these spaces. Language is conceptualised in this thesis as an object in itself, engendering feelings of belonging (or not), and recognises that language is fluid and mobile, mutually constituted with the space in which it happens. The thesis explores four different sites of language use - journeys to the UK, the body, the classroom, and the community - to investigate the complex geographies of refugees and asylum-seekers as they seek to acquire English and settle in the city of Glasgow. Of importance is the part that language plays in positioning refugees and asylum-seekers in society, often relating to insider-outsider type dichotomies, but also thinking about how these divides may be overcome. Finally, the refugee and asylum-seeker body is conceptualised as the mobile linguistic stranger, simultaneously near and far, and the thesis uncovers how this figure comes to be and the implications of such a conceptualisation.
Migration, refugees, asylum-seekers, language, language geography, social geography.
G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General)
College of Science and Engineering > School of Geographical and Earth Sciences
Funder's Name:
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
Parr, Professor Hester and Philo, Professor Christopher and Phipps, Professor Alison
Miss Sophie Rose Shuttleworth
glathesis:2018-30964
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/id/eprint/30964

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Powderfinger
Powderfinger were an Australian rock band that formed in Brisbane in 1989. From 1992 until their break-up the band line-up consisted of vocalist Bernard Fanning, guitarists Darren Middleton and Ian Haug, bassist John Collins, and drummer Jon Coghill. On the 13th November 2010, Powderfinger played their last concert as a band, signifying their… Leia mais
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Hi, everyone! I'm currently in the midst of planning/booking everything for my New York City trip coming up in a few weeks, and decided to take a quick break and post a new outfit. I am SO, SO excited about traveling back to New York and getting to stay for a little while. It's been far too long since I was last in the magical city, and am beyond ready to be heading back. I have long been completely convinced that I am a misplaced New Yorker.
Just found your blog through lookbook. Love your style and you look like the Olsen twins!


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Amendment to the Notice for the Establishment of the Government Inquiry into Operation Burnham and Related Matters
Pursuant to section 7(5) of the Inquiries Act 2013, and as the appointing Minister for the Inquiry, the Attorney-General amends the final reporting date in the notice titled Establishment of the Government Inquiry into Operation Burnham and Related Matters, published in the New Zealand Gazette, 13 April 2018, Notice No. 2018-go1763 accordingly:
The current paragraph under the section titled "Commencement of work and reporting requirements" states:
"The Inquiry will commence on Monday 16 April 2018. The provisional reporting date for the Inquiry is no later than 12 months following establishment of the Inquiry."
This paragraph will be removed and replaced with:
"The Inquiry will commence on Monday 16 April 2018. The Inquiry is to report back on its findings and recommendations to the Attorney-General no later than 31 December 2019."
Dated at Wellington this 9th day of April 2019.
Hon DAVID PARKER, Attorney-General.
Inquiries Act Establishment of Government Inquiry Internal Affairs


Kwesé TV, a pay-TV satellite service, started broadcasting today, offering a full suite of entertainment and sports programming to households in Ghana, Rwanda and Zambia.
The three countries are part of the initial phase of the Kwesé TV rollout across Africa, with other countries to be announced in due course. Viewers in these countries can now access Kwesé TV via Kwesé's satellites and set-top-boxes.
Kwesé currently offers access to premium sports content on Kwesé Free Sports, Kwesé Sports 1 and Kwesé Sports 2. The new service adds entertainment programming to the mix, including some exclusive, first-to-market content as well as original programming.
Kwesé's key differentiator is its innovative 'pay-as-you-watch' payment option, which offers flexibility and convenience. Viewers can purchase three or seven day passes to its full programming bouquet so they get access to trending sports and entertainment programming at an affordable price.
The monthly subscription option, which gives subscribers access to the full suite of Kwesé TV programming, is available at US$25 per month excluding VAT.
Commenting on the launch, Econet Media President and Group Chief Executive Office Joseph Hundah said that the motivation behind Kwesé's pricing strategy is the need to give audiences relevant and engaging content at a price they can afford.
"The launch of Kwesé TV completes the story we started telling 18 months ago. We have spent the past few months building this diverse media company which will showcase the very best in international content and act as platform to showcase the best that our continent has to offer. Kwesé TV promises to engage and entice through our unique mix of channels and programming", Hundah adds.
Recognising the diversity of its potential audience, Kwesé has focused on the common need for engaging and relevant content that is accessible and affordable.
Kwesé's multi-platform offering will be available on TV, mobile, and online, making content accessible though free-to-air TV, mobile applications, web streaming and pay TV.


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Coin Flipped, Wonder Found: Temples on Thai Baht Coins
TakeMeTour, Thailand
The sculptures of two mythical giant demons, Thotsakan (the green one) and Sahatsadecha (the white one), guarding the eastern gate of the ubosot, Credit: Wikipedia
Coin Flipped, Wonder Found
There are two sides to every coin and Thai Baht coins are no exception. In addition to the picture of King Rama IX and the number that indicates the value, all the 6 Thai Baht coins (4 Baht coins and 2 Satang coins) depict some of Thailand's most revered Buddhist temples.
Isn't it wonderful that we can just flip a coin and get inspired by the local culture that's hidden in plain sight? Now let's find out more about the temples on Thai Baht coins, and explore Thailand in a new, unique way!
Temples on Thai Baht Coins
10 Baht Coin (Wat Arun or the Temple of Dawn in Bangkok)
Wat Arun or the Temple of Dawn in Bangkok
We believe you have cruised or plan to cruise along the Chao Phraya River at least once. The view along Bangkok's most important river is truly iconic. However, among the landmarks you'll see, Wat Arun or the Temple of Dawn is probably the most eye-catching with its 86 meter-tall central prang (Khmer-style tower) and four satellite prang.
After the long renovation, Wat Arun's prangs are open again since last year. You can now climb the magnificent central prang and admire the colorful porcelain and seashells on all the prang. Other unmissable features of Wat Arun include the two giants demons that stand guard at the temple gate.
5 Baht Coin (Wat Benchamabophit or the Marble Temple in Bangkok)
Wat Benchamabophit or the Marble Temple in Bangkok
A little out of the way since it isn't in Bangkok Old Town, the Marble Temple (or Wat Ben for short) is still worth the journey. The ordination hall (ubosot) is elegantly constructed out of Carrara marble from Italy, hence the name.
The Marble Temple also enshrines the bronze replica of Phra Buddha Chinnarat, which is known as the most beautiful Buddha image in Thailand. Under the replica of Phra Buddha Chinnarat lie the ashes of King Rama V, who commissioned the construction of the Marble Temple and ordained as a monk here. The temple name "Wat Benchamabophit", in fact, means the temple of the fifth king. Now you see why the temple is on 5 Baht coin.
2 Baht Coin (Wat Saket or the Golden Mount in Bangkok)
Wat Saket or the Golden Mount in Bangkok
Hardly anything stands out more than Wat Saket when you stroll around Bangkok Old Town. Towering above the old houses in the area is the Golden Mount (Phu Khao Thong in Thai). Climb the 300-step staircase that winds around the hill and you'll find the golden pagoda, situated at the top like a crown. Don't worry, the staircase isn't so steep. It's really well-shaded and atmospheric with religious statues and even a coffee shop, complete with a fine panoramic view of Bangkok Old Town.
One of the most interesting things to take note at Wat Saket are statues of vultures and corpses on the Golden Mount. They tell the story of one of the darkest hours in Thailand history when epidemics befell Bangkok in the previous century.
1 Baht Coin (Wat Phra Kaew or the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok)
Wat Phra Kaew or the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok
The most famous attractions in Thailand are undoubtedly the Grand Palace and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. The complex is vast, though, and the landmarks prominently featured on the coin are the golden pagodas and the prang.
Apart from going inside the Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall, please walk around the palace and temple complex since it's full of exquisite arts. Pay respect to the Emerald Buddha, admire the architecture and intricate patterns on each building and marvel at the epic murals of the Thai epic, Ramakien.
Tip: Since all these temples are in Bangkok, consider spending at least half a day making a pilgrimage to temples on Thai Baht coins! It's always better to discover the full story from a knowledgeable local friend, so how about you travel to these temples with our Local Expert?
Temples on Thai Satang Coins
50 Satang Coin (Wat Phra That Doi Suthep in Chiang Mai)
Wat Phra That Doi Suthep in Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai's most sacred and iconic temple is featured on the 50 satang coin. We believe you can recognize its gleaming golden pagoda containing Buddha relics, but there are more to Wat Phra That Doi Suthep than that. Its mountaintop location provides great aerial views of Chiang Mai (weather permitting). You can go up the double Naga staircase (306 steps) or breeze your way to the top with the tram.
But if you're feeling adventurous, you can hike all the way from Doi Suthep (Mount Suthep) foot on the monk's trail. The hike can take around 2-2.30 hours one way. Be sure you pack your insect repellent and dress respectfully because you're on the monk's trail (No sleeveless clothes and shorts). Along the way, you'll find the hidden forest temple called Wat Pha Lat and a tiny waterfall in the temple complex. Don't miss its mystical beauty.
25 Satang Coin (Wat Phra Mahathat in Nakhon Si Thammarat)
Wat Phra Mahathat in Nakhon Si Thammarat
Few travelers have been to the laid-back southern city of Nakhon Si Thammarat, so here is your chance to explore the lesser known but no less charming city. Wat Phra Mahathat is the most prominent temple in Nakhon Si Thammarat and one of the holiest temples in Southern Thailand. Its signature white stupa is huge and houses a Buddha tooth relic.
If you visit during Makha Bucha Day. (the full moon day of February), you can join Hae Pha Khuen That. The festival has been ongoing for almost 800 years old and Buddhists parade a large piece of cloth up to wrap it around the stupa. The temple has several other pagodas and they are all wrapped too and that's a unique sight.
We hope to enjoy the other side of Thai coins. Details matter and sometimes you don't have to look too far to find wonders. If you want to discover more local stories, explore Thailand with TakeMeTour Local Experts.
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English version / Version française
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on 2 September 2021 by jurisblogger.
This post contains the comments I submitted as part of the federal government consultation on their "Discussion Paper: A Canadian Aquaculture Act". As a bit of background, aquaculture is currently regulated through a mismatch of federal laws (mainly the Fisheries Act and regulations adopted under it) and provincial laws. There has been many calls over the years by many actors for the federal government to adopt a statute on the topic and comprehensively regulate the sector. The discussion paper is a first step in finally achieving this recommendation. The last two decades have seen an increase in aquaculture and in controversies surrounding it, particularly in BC. For more background, see Angela Lee and I's article on the subject. My comments follow, more or less, the structure of the discussion paper (some sections are omitted as I did not have any substantial comments to add on them at this time).
Element 1: Application, Purpose, and Definitions
Preambles are important parts of legislation as they offer indicia for the interpretation of provisions by sub/delegates (public servants), tribunals and courts, and stakeholders, mainly by setting out the reasons underlying the enactment of a statute.[1] As such, preambles can be viewed as signals of intent and goals. They should remain broad as the details should be left to the provisions of the statute. Currently, some of the proposed language of the preamble is too specific. I suggest changing "commitment to foster healthy aquatic ecosystems" to "commitment to foster the protection biodiversity, particularly the health of aquatic ecosystems". Since aquaculture can have impact on land-based biodiversity and on non-aquatic species,[2] starting the statement with a general indication of the broader protective purpose of the statute is warranted. This language signal that while aquatic ecosystems are the main concern given the nature of the regulated activity, the statute aims to ensure the integrity of all potentially impacted segments of biodiversity. I also suggest changing "an effective and nationally consistent regulatory system" to something broader. Effectiveness is implied in the creation of legislative schemes.[3] Including the term is not just redundant, but it also implies that effectivity is a purpose of the statute. While effectivity is always desired in the implementation of any law, highlighting it as a specific goal or purpose might lead to interpretations that limit the strength of other purposes, like conservation, in the name of effectiveness. Language along the lines of "commitment to foster cohesive national standards [or system] for the regulation of aquaculture" would be more appropriate. This language responds better to the critique that the current regulatory system is fragmented and based on a piecemeal approach.[4] It also makes clear the intention that the statute will provide for a uniform national regulatory system.
Additionally, I suggest changing "sustainable development of the aquaculture industry" to "commitment to foster the sustainability of aquaculture [activities]". Removing the word "industry" enlarges the scope of the preamble and makes it more consistent with the statute's effect as the statute would not and should not apply only to industrial scale aquaculture and to for profit enterprises. The sustainability of the whole of aquaculture is at play here, not just its industrial side. Sustainability is also a preferable term to "sustainable development" as the latter as gained a negative connotation due to the fact that its operationalisation has often prioritised economic development over the concept's social and ecological aspects.[5] Removing the word "development" and focussing on sustainability signals that the aim is to ensure to longevity of aquaculture within its socio-ecological framework without the need for growth. Growth in and of itself should not be a goal as many socio-ecological factors may and should legitimately limit this aspect of aquaculture, particularly since we live in a world with finite resources and exceeding them can have dire consequences.[6]
Furthermore, I would add to "further Indigenous reconciliation" "including by respecting [and/or implementing] Aboriginal rights and Indigenous laws [or legal traditions]". While reconciliation is an important goal and should be included, it is important to state that such goal is minimally achieved through the full recognition and respect of Indigenous peoples' rights and laws.[7]
The preamble should also mention Canada's international commitments, particularly the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 14. The Convention on Biological Diversity establishes the overarching goals for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, which are of great importance for the future Canadian Aquaculture Act. SDG 14 provides targets that are specific to the marine environment and the FOA Code offers specific guidelines and goals for the sustainability of aquaculture.
The Act should include a purpose provision. Like the preamble, the purpose provision states the aim, policies and principles of the statute. However, unlike a preamble, it has to be relied on when interpreting the statute.[8] A purpose provision thus ensures clarity regarding the objective of a piece of legislation. The purpose of the act should be threefold: (1) to regulate aquaculture activities nationally based on the best available scientific information, community knowledge and Indigenous traditional knowledge; (2) to protect biodiversity from the impacts of aquaculture based on the ecosystem and precautionary approaches; and (3) to ensure the social acceptance and viability of aquaculture activities, particularly in relation to Indigenous rights, food security, and the wellbeing of coastal communities.
Element 2: Leases, licences, and fees
While every aspects of aquaculture cannot be regulated by a single level of government, it is troubling that the approach taken by the federal government seems to maintain the current complex and difficult to navigate web of varying degrees of provincial jurisdictions over aquaculture.[9] Some of these differences are set in stone, but it seems clear that the federal jurisdiction over fisheries grants the federal government with substantial powers which should make it primary regulator for aquaculture activities, at least with regards to finfish aquaculture.[10] A federal regime of licencing is needed to ensure that Canada possesses national standards for aquaculture, particularly regarding environmental protection, fish health and Indigenous rights. A system of licencing similar to the one currently existing in BC, where the province issues leases, but the federal government issues licences, would be appropriate (the federal government could still issue leases if needed, like in the case of PEI). Provinces could continue to issue their own licences as they do with many environmental issues that are regulated by both levels of government, where federal regulations act as a minimum, but provincial regulations are allowed to go further.[11] The federal standards would thus act as a baseline. Importantly, this would allow DFO to retain some degree control over aquaculture activities and allow the Minister to modify or revoke licence when needed regardless of where the aquaculture operation is taking place.
In terms of licencing, the Act should follow too basic principles: (1) legislated standards that limit and frame the discretion of the Minister; and (2) flexible ministerial power regarding already issued licence to deal with issues as they arise. The Act should include clear limits on the power of the Minister to issue licences. Licences should not be issued when the activities poses significant risk to the environment, to fish health (both wild and farmed) or to food security. Licences should not be issued on Indigenous territory without the relevant Indigenous community(ies) free, prior and informed consent. Licences should also not be issued to aquaculture operators who had their licence revoked for environmental or health reasons until they can prove that they have a solid plan in place to address the issues that led to the initial licence revocation. A more detailed framework for licencing (length of time, fees, size of operation, scope of activities, etc.) and the types of licence conditions (reporting obligation, monitoring, environmental mitigation measures, health and safety, etc.) can be created through a regulation. A regulation would allow more flexibility than enshrining this framework in the Act itself and would thus ensure that when new issues or type of aquaculture arise, the framework can be appropriately modified within a reasonable timeframe. The Act should, however, require an impact assessment in lines with best practices before new types of activities (new species, methods, locations, etc.) are included for licencing in the regulation. A regulation would also allow for greater certainty and clarity than broad discretionary power and administrative guidelines/policies. Regulations could also be adopted to specify how significant risk to the environment, to fish health or to food security is measured, how impact assessment of new types of activities should be conducted (following general guidelines established through the Act), and how to proceed when an operator wants a licence following the revocation of their initial licence. Importantly, the terms of licence should avoid sub-delegating decisions to aquaculture operators (e.g. allowing an operator to determine when certain legislated conditions or thresholds are met). Allowing sub-delegation of decision-making involving some aspect of discretion can lead to reduced accountability, lack of access to justice and lack of or weak enforcement/compliance.[12] DFO should retain the primary responsibility in monitoring the compliance of operators to their licence conditions.
The Act should allow the Minister to modify, suspend or cancel leases and licences. This power should be circumscribed largely by regulations stipulating when and how such power should be exercised. Enough flexibility should exist to allow the Minister to modify the licence when new information or situation arise that require changes the licence (e.g. new information about the transmission rate and condition of a particular fish disease or additional mitigation measures are required to ensure sustainability). Such modifications should be based on the same criteria as those required for the inclusion of the initial licence conditions. The Act itself should, however, prescribed conditions when a licence should be suspended or revoked. Violation of the Act, regulations under it or licence conditions and violation of environmental regulations that are not reported to DFO within a reasonable time should automatically lead to the suspension of the licence. If, on a balance of probability, DFO finds that the operators did not act in accordance to due diligence, the licence should then be revoked after suspension. Any serious violation of the same rules, regardless of reporting or due diligence, and the non-compliance with an emergency order should lead to suspension or revocation depending on the severity of the violation and the ability to mitigate the effect of the violation. The Act should also allow for the issuance of emergency orders to force compliance following minor violation of the above mentioned rules, to enforce mitigation and/or cleanup measures following a violation of these rules or to deal with environmental, health or food security crises (e.g. a natural disaster severely disrupts aquaculture operations, a severe outbreak of a fish disease, severe seafood shortage for Indigenous communities that rely on fish for their diet or unforeseen negative impacts on biodiversity). This would allow the Minister to quickly react to emergency situations without having to go through the process of modifying existing licences and to deal with negative environmental and social impacts with celerity. Emergency orders should also be issued when an operator violates Indigenous rights or laws.
Element 3: Indigenous Reconciliation
While provisions that ensure good cooperation are crucial for inter-governmental regulation of activities, they are not, in and of themselves, sufficient to promote true reconciliation. Two measures should be added to the Act to ensure proper respect to the sovereignty and self-determination of Indigenous peoples. First, in accordance with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP),[13] DFO should only licence aquaculture operations that would be situated in the territory of an Indigenous nation or community if the operator and DFO have obtained the free, prior and informed consent of that nation or community. UNDRIP represents minimum standards to ensure the respect of Indigenous rights; short of that, Canada cannot pretend to be genuinely invested in reconciliation.[14] Second, Indigenous nations and communities should have the opportunity, as part of the licencing process, to include licence conditions pertaining to their territory and people (e.g. certain percentage of production must stay in community, certain number of employee must be Indigenous, stricter environmental controls, etc.). Furthermore, for Indigenous nations and communities who wish to operate themselves aquaculture activities, the Act should allow for a delegation of power to these Indigenous nations and communities to allow them to implement their own laws.[15] Not only is such a measure conducive to self-determination and in line with the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission regarding Indigenous legal traditions, but empirical evidence have shown that Indigenous managed and co-managed areas have better ecological condition than other areas.[16] I do not go into further details on these measures as their implementation should be done in consultation with Indigenous people to create a system that is workable for them, that accomplishes their goals and that meets their needs.
Element 5: Environmental Protection
The Aquaculture Activities Regulations (AAR), enacted under the Fisheries Act, establishes criteria for the deposit of deleterious substances in waters frequented by fish and for activities disturbing fish habitat, The AAR and the legislation is refers to (such as the Pest Control Products Act) are primarily designed to mitigate environmental impacts; they are not preventive, and they give considerable leeway to operators.[17] The Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development found that the environmental regulation of aquaculture had major design flaws, including the fact that DFO did not assess the efficacy of the AAR in terms of protecting fish.[18] This is sadly a state of affair that is prevalent in Canada and has led to a relatively poor environmental record (when taking into consideration the size of the country and its population).[19] In addition, it has been noted that the fragmented approach to regulating aquaculture (between different regulatory regimes and between jurisdictions) is a roadblock to achieving sustainability.[20] Therefore, simply reproducing the existing framework in the Act, even if potentially enhanced, is not the way forward for a strong aquaculture regime that adequately protects the environment.
The regulation of any substances that could cause harm to biodiversity should be based on a strong articulation of the precautionary approach; meaning, unless a substance is proven safe—in whole or in a certain quantity—taking into account cumulative effects (that is the impact it has when it is mixed with other substances found in the area of the aquaculture operation or emitted by the operation).[21] Overall, aquaculture activities resulting in any environmental contaminants and disturbance of the natural environment should be regulated strictly based on this precautionary approach, the ecosystem approach[22] and best available evidence (whether it be scientific, community-based or Indigenous knowledge), and should be preventive (stopping the negative impact before it happens, such as prohibiting certain pesticides and destructive activities during construction, or dutifully assessing possible impact in advance and refusing licence in cases where impacts are significant or unknown, regardless of mitigation) rather than reactive (leaving mitigation measures for accidents or impacts that simply cannot be avoided).[23] In determining whether to licence an aquaculture operation and what environmental conditions to impose if licenced, and in setting regulatory standard for pollution, DFO should ensure that it has a fully functioning marine spatial planning system capable of measuring cumulative impact. Aquaculture should not be considered in isolation of other environmental stressors in the marine environment, and the best way to ensure that ecosystem impacts are considered on a whole is to set a system that allows monitoring of the overall impact on and establish a sustainability plan (i.e. determining what do we actually need/prioritise between conflicting use of the marine environment and what can this area offer without unbalancing the ecosystem) for a particular ecosystem/geographical regions.[24] Ecologically vulnerable areas, whether they be included in an existing protective measure (e.g. marine protected areas) or not, should be off limit to aquaculture activities. Ecologically vulnerable areas should be identified as part of the marine spatial planning system.
It is crucial that the regulation of disease and other pathologies remain within the purview of the new Act. Disease transmission poses a major risk to the health of both farmed and wild fish and has the potential to cause serious harm to marine biodiversity.[25] It is thus crucial that DFO continues to monitor and study fish pathologies in the aquaculture context and regulate the issue strictly, based on the precautionary approach, especially if farmed fish could be in contact with wild fish and/or are situated in the natural environment. Regulations should require that proof that a disease or disease agent is not harmful to the protection and conservation of fish and marine ecosystems before allowing aquaculture operations to introduce fish with a disease in the natural environment. The absence of conclusive scientific evidence demonstrating the harmful effect of a particular disease or disease agent should not be taken as proof that introducing fish with such a disease or agent is safe for the environment.[26] If an aquaculture stock in an operation situated in the natural environment is found to be contaminated with a disease or disease agent that has not been proven safe, this stock should be destroyed through an emergency order and the licence suspended, and if the operator was not duly diligent, the licence should then be revoked.
Finally, current understanding of science within DFO fails to reflect
the reality that there is no singular, neutral, and objective understanding of what "science" and "risk management" entail. Science, on its own, does not necessarily provide conclusive answers that can adequately guide the inherently political exercise of decision-making based on calculated costs and benefits.[27]
There are concerns that the scientific studies are used as a justification for particular courses of actions rather than a source of information, among others, that can inform the application of the Act and the formulation of regulations. Regulating a sector of activities require political choices bound by the limitations created by legislation. Science should not be used to add a veneer of neutrality and legitimacy to decision-making.[28] The Act should create a framework for the use of science, and other source of information, that ensure a holistic and non-outcome driven process. An independent panel of experts from various relevant fields and community could be tasked by synthesising relevant information—which should, of course, come from DFO, but also from the public through a submission process—and providing it to the decision-makers, who in term could use it to inform their decision-making process. Their reasoning should be clear and justifiable, and based on criteria set in the Act (e.g. precaution, ecosystem-based management, etc.). If a decision-maker decides to go against the panel's recommendation, they should clearly justify in writing why they are doing so. This process should be made public. This would not guarantee the neutrality of the process, but it would ensure transparency and it would be easier to see why decisions were made at a deeper level than simply pointing to "science". Furthermore, in case of abuse of power, it would render the task of challenging decisions in courts much easier as the reasoning would be plainly set out and easier for courts to review.
Element 6: Enforcement and Alternative Compliance Measures
The Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development sadly found that there have been serious issues with DFO's enforcement of aquaculture regulations.[29] Despite documented violations of environmental standards by aquaculture operators, no serious enforcement actions appear to have been taken.[30] To resolve the issues, at least two steps must be taken. Firstly, DFO should commit to a robust program of inspection and monitoring to ensure that it is aware of the activities and potential issues related to aquaculture operations. Secondly, the discretion surrounding enforcement should be circumscribed to avoid potential impunity. Clear threshold and mandatory guidelines should be included in regulations to ensure that proper enforcement measures are always taken and that enforcement measures are appropriate for the gravity of the violation. To further ensure this, the Act should state that if no enforcement measures are taken within 30 days, a member of the public should be allowed to begin legal proceedings to ensure proper enforcement through either conducting a prosecution themselves or by filing an application for judicial review compelling DFO to impose an administrative enforcement measure.
As stated above, licence suspension and revocation should be used to deal with violation of relevant rules. This method can be more effective than a fine or administrative monetary penalties as it directly affect the operator's ability to produce fish and make a profit regardless of the size of the operation. This avoids the issue of large corporations being able to easily deal with the monetary consequences of fines or administrative monetary penalties and simply internalise this cost as part of doing business. The government should, however, consider creating a special fund or modifying employment insurance rules to insure the income stability of aquaculture employees that are laid off due to an aquaculture licence suspension or revocation. Employees are not responsible for ensuring that an operator respects the law and should not be inadvertently punished when their employer violates the law.
Element 8: Public Reporting and Legislative Review
Strong transparency mechanisms are necessary to instil public confidence in decision-making processes and to facilitate public participation. The proposed extensive public registry—where all decision-making documents, policies, procedures, scientific reports, monitoring, enforcement actions, licences, etc.—is a good measure to achieve a measure of transparency. DFO should also commit to providing plain language summary of technical and/or scientific documents and reports to ensure better accessibility. Finally, the Act should include monitoring and reporting on food security. Currently, DFO reports on the economic aspect of aquaculture, but offer no information on food security despite the concept being mentioned in policy documents. Detailed information on where and how aquaculture products are consumed, as well as its overall impact on the food security of vulnerable groups in Canada should be, at minimum, part of this monitoring and reporting.
[1] Ruth Sullivan, Statutory Interpretation, 3rd ed (Toronto: Irwin Law, 2016) at 162-65.
[2] See e.g. Benoit A Lalonde, Christine Garron & Vincent Mercier, "Analysis of Benthic Invertebrate Communities Downstream of Land-Based Aquaculture Facilities in Nova Scotia, Canada" (2016) 2:1 Cogent Environmental Science 1; House of Commons, Closed Containment Salmon Aquaculture: Report of the Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans (March 2013) (Chair: Rodney Weston) at 13-15.
[3] Sullivan, supra at 41.
[4] See Meinhard Doelle & Phillip Saunders, "Aquaculture Governance in Canada: A Patchwork of Approaches" in Nigel Bankes, Irene Dahl & David L VanderZwaag, eds, Aquaculture Law and Policy: Global, Regional and National Perspectives (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2016) 183 at 185–87.
[5] Klaus Bosselmann, The Principle of Sustainability, 2nd ed (Oxford: Routledge, 2017) at chapter 1.
[6] See Will Steffen et al, "Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet" (2015) 347 Science 736.
[7] See United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, GA Res 61/295, 61st Sess, Supp No 49, UN Doc A/RES/61/295 (2007) particularly at Art 19 & 25-29; Grace Nosek, "Re-Imagining Indigenous Peoples' Role in Natural Resource Development Decision Making: Implementing Free, Prior and Informed Consent in Canada Through Indigenous Legal Traditions" (2017) 50:1 UBC L Rev 95.
[8] Sullivan, supra at 165-67.
[9] Doelle & Saunders, supra at 185-88 & 211-12.
[10] Morton v British Columbia (Agriculture and Lands), 2009 BCSC 136; see also R v Hydro-Québec, [1997] 3 SCR 213 for criminal law power to regulate environmental protection matters.
[11] See 114957 Canada Ltée (Spraytech, Société d'arrosage) v Hudson (Town), 2001 SCC 40.
[12] Pierre Cloutier de Repentigny, "Precaution, Sub-delegation and Aquaculture Regulation: Morton v Canada (Fisheries and Oceans)" (2015) 28:1 J Envtl L & Prac 125 at 144-51.
[13] See Articles 29 & 32.
[14] For more on UNDRIP, see Oonagh E Fitzgerald & Larry Chartrand, eds, UNDRIP Implementation: More Reflections on the Braiding of International, Domestic and Indigenous Laws (Waterloo, ON: Centre for International Governance Innovation, 2018); Brenda L Gunn, "Overcoming Obstacles to Implementing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada" (2013) 31 Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 147; Nosek, supra.
[15] See e.g. Jessica Clogg et al, "Indigenous Legal Traditions and the Future of Environmental Governance in Canada" (2016) 29 Journal of Environmental Law and Practice 227; John Borrows, Recovering Canada: The Resurgence of Indigenous Law (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006) at ch 2.
[16] See Tanya C Tran, Natalie C Ban & Jonaki Bhattacharyya, "A review of successes, challenges, and lessons from Indigenous protected and conserved areas" (2020) 241 Biological Conservation 108271; Richard Schuster et al, "Vertebrate biodiversity on indigenous-managed lands in Australia, Brazil, and Canada equals that in protected areas" (2019) 101 Environmental Science and Policy 1.
[17] Angela Lee & Pierre Cloutier de Repentigny, "Farming the Sea, a False Solution to a Real Problem: Critical Reflections on Canada's Aquaculture Regulations" (2019) 50:1 Ottawa L Rev 29 at 43.
[18] Canada, Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development, Reports of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development to the Parliament of Canada: Report 1 — Salmon Farming (Ottawa: Office of the Auditor General, Spring 2018) at paras 1.51-1.63.
[19] See Stepan Wood, Georgia Tanner & Benjamin J Richardson, "What Ever Happened to Canadian Environmental Law?" (2010) 37:4 Ecology LQ 981.
[20] David VanderZwaag, Gloria Chao & Mark Covan, "Canadian Aquaculture and the Principles of Sustainable Development: Gauging the Law and Policy Tides and Charting a Course" (2002) 28:1 Queen's LJ 279 at 300–01.
[21] Lee & Cloutier de Repentigny, supra at 60-61 & 63.
[22] See FAO, Aquaculture development: Ecosystem approach to aquaculture, FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries No 5, Suppl 4 (Rome: FAO, 2010).
[23] Lee & Cloutier de Repentigny, supra at 62-63.
[24] See Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity & the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel—GEF, Marine Spatial Planning in the Context of the Convention on Biological Diversity: A study carried out in response to CBD COP 10 decision X/29 (Montréal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2012).
[26] Ibid at 60.
[28] See Mark Brown, "Environmental Science and Politics" in Teena Gabrielson et al, eds, The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016) 491.
[29] Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development, supra at paras 1.75-1.85.
[30] Lee & Cloutier de Repentigny, supra at 54.
This entry was posted in administrative law, Constitutional Law, Environmental Law, fisheries law, Marine biodiversity, Separation of Powers and tagged administrative law, aquaculture, constitutional law, environmental law, fish disease, fish farm, fisheries law, fishery regulations, indigenous people, marine biodiversity on 15 February 2021 by jurisblogger.
I am very happy to announce that I was appointed Assistant Professor in Environment, Law and Social Justice in the Department of Law and Legal Studies of Carleton University.(starting July 1)! I am very much looking forward to working with my new wonderful colleagues in such a great environment! I am very lucky to have found such a welcoming place for me and my research.
This entry was posted in Career on 3 February 2021 by jurisblogger.
I am very happy to announce that Taryn Husband and I were successful in obtaining funding from Women and Gender Equality Canada on behalf of JusticeTrans for a wonderful research and capacity building project on access to justice for trans people (broadly defined).
See the official project and funding announcementDownload
Je suis très heureux de pouvoir annoncer que Taryn Husband et moi avons obtenu, au nom de JusticeTrans, du financement de Femmes et Égalité des genres Canada pour un projet de recherche et de renforcement des capacité portant sur l'accès à la justice des personnes trans (au sens large).
Voir l'annonce officielle de projet et de financementDownload
This entry was posted in Career, JusticeTrans and tagged access to justice, gender identity, trans people on 16 November 2020 by jurisblogger.
Introduction to the Access Series
For a long time now, I have thought of using my (mostly derelict) blog to summarise my research in order to render it more accessible. That is the goal of this new Access Series. For each of my academic publications, I will endeavour to write an accessible blog post (for longer texts, like books or theses, I will probably post multiple posts). Accessibility, in the academic context, has generated a lot of debates. For me, I see accessibility in terms of form and in terms of substance. For form, this series will increase access because it is free, aka open access, and not hidden beyond a paywall that can often only be afforded by academic institutions, big corporations or government. Posts will also be shorter than academic articles (although this particular post will be longer than what I aim for given its introductory nature), chapters and books, making their content easier to read for people who are not paid to do research. I think this is especially important for research that is meant for the public or a particular community (versus research that is meant more for other academics). I will forgo footnotes and in text references, except for quotes. Instead, I'll include a short references list at the end, favouring open access content.
This entry was posted in Access, administrative law, Environmental Law, fisheries law, Public Law and tagged access, administrative law, aquaculture, fish disease, fish farm, fisheries, fisheries act, fisheries law, fishery regulations, judicial review, public law, sub-delegation on 17 September 2020 by jurisblogger.
I know why
A "poem" that resulted from strong feelings generated by the BLM movement:
This entry was posted in Poem on 9 June 2020 by jurisblogger.


Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Minister H K Patil told reporters here on Saturday that it had been decided to achieve the mission by December 2017 instead of the earlier deadline of October 2018 as the term of the present government would end in May next year.
"At present, 71% target has been achieved in construction of toilets in individual households. The revised goal has been drafted after holding meeting with Zilla Panchayat chief executive officers," he said.


Orlando, Fla., March 10, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Corporate Capital Trust, a non-traded business development company that provides individuals the opportunity to invest in the debt of privately owned American companies, will hold an earnings call to discuss financial results for the year ended Dec. 31, 2015, on March 22, 2016, at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time.
To listen to the earnings call, please dial 877-256-3665; a passcode is not required. A recording of the call will be available on Corporate Capital Trust's website, CorporateCapitalTrust.com, approximately 48 hours after the call. The recording will be available for a period of 30 days following the call.
Corporate Capital Trust is a non-traded business development company that offers individuals a unique opportunity to invest in privately owned American companies. The company is externally managed by CNL and KKR and its investment objective is to provide shareholders with current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation. The company intends to meet its investment objective by investing primarily in the debt of privately owned companies, with a focus on originated transactions sourced through the networks of its advisors. For additional information, please visit CorporateCapitalTrust.com.
CNL Financial Group is a leading private investment management firm providing global real estate and alternative investments. Since inception in 1973, CNL Financial Group and/or its affiliates have formed or acquired companies with more than $33 billion in assets. CNL Financial Group is headquartered in Orlando, Florida. For more information, visit CNL.com.
KKR is a leading global investment firm that manages investments across multiple asset classes including private equity, energy, infrastructure, real estate, credit and hedge funds. KKR aims to generate attractive investment returns by following a patient and disciplined investment approach, employing world-class people, and driving growth and value creation at the asset level. KKR invests its own capital alongside its partners' capital and brings opportunities to others through its capital markets business. References to KKR's investments may include the activities of its sponsored funds. For additional information about KKR & Co. L.P. (NYSE: KKR), please visit KKR's website at KKR.com and on Twitter @KKR_Co.
A registration statement relating to the common stock of Corporate Capital Trust, Inc. is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The offering of Corporate Capital Trust's common stock is being made solely by means of a written prospectus, which is available at http://www.sec.gov or may be obtained by calling (866) 650-0650, that contains additional information about Corporate Capital Trust and should be read carefully by an investor before investing. Investors are advised to consider the investment objective, risks, charges and expenses of Corporate Capital Trust carefully before investing. This press release is not an offer to sell and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where such offer or sale is not permitted. Neither the SEC, the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any other regulatory agency has passed on or endorsed the merits of this offering. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The information in this press release may include "forward-looking statements." These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of Corporate Capital Trust's management and on the information currently available to management at the time of such statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the words "believes," "expects," "intends," "plans," "estimates" or similar expressions that indicate future events. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from Corporate Capital Trust's expectations include those disclosed in the current prospectus for the public offering of Corporate Capital Trust's common stock.


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LifeStream participates in the federal government's E-Verify program to determine employment eligibility.
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Donald Trump leads the Republican party as several people try to hold the Republican elephant back.
"Oh, just the usual here, occupying Wall Street."
"If Walter Reuther had his way, there'd be a guaranteed annual everything!"
"And, in the ongoing saga of Western civilization, declines continue to lead advances by a wide margin."
Campaign Trail FunFacts...Left of Center Progressive Liberal is the new 'Red'.
"It's very sensitive of you to realize that men like to get flowers!"
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Hassle Free Zone: Let's keep it that way.


text:
Home » News » Climate Disruption Is Now Locked In. The Next Moves Will Be Crucial.
Climate Disruption Is Now Locked In. The Next Moves Will Be Crucial.
Source: By John Branch and Brad Plumer, New York Times • Posted: Tuesday, September 22, 2020
The San Francisco Bay Area this month.Serg3d / Getty Images
America is now under siege by climate change in ways that scientists have warned about for years. But there is a second part to their admonition: Decades of growing crisis are already locked into the global ecosystem and cannot be reversed.
This means the kinds of cascading disasters occurring today — drought in the West fueling historic wildfires that send smoke all the way to the East Coast, or parades of tropical storms lining up across the Atlantic to march destructively toward North America — are no longer features of some dystopian future. They are the here and now, worsening for the next generation and perhaps longer, depending on humanity's willingness to take action.
"I've been labeled an alarmist," said Peter Kalmus, a climate scientist in Los Angeles, where he and millions of others have inhaled dangerously high levels of smoke for weeks. "And I think it's a lot harder for people to say that I'm being alarmist now."
Last month, before the skies over San Francisco turned a surreal orange, Death Valley reached 130 degrees Fahrenheit, the highest temperature ever measured on the planet. Dozens of people have perished from the heat in Phoenix, which in July suffered its hottest month on record, only to surpass that milestone in August.
Conversations about climate change have broken into everyday life, to the top of the headlines and to center stage in the presidential campaign. The questions are profound and urgent. Can this be reversed? What can be done to minimize the looming dangers for the decades ahead? Will the destruction of recent weeks become a moment of reckoning, or just a blip in the news cycle?
The Times spoke with two dozen climate experts, including scientists, economists, sociologists and policymakers, and their answers were by turns alarming, cynical and hopeful.
"It's as if we've been smoking a pack of cigarettes a day for decades" and the world is now feeling the effects, said Katharine Hayhoe, a climate scientist at Texas Tech University. But, she said, "we're not dead yet."
Their most sobering message was that the world still hasn't seen the worst of it. Gone is the climate of yesteryear, and there's no going back.
The effects of climate change evident today are the results of choices that countries made decades ago to keep pumping heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere at ever-increasing rates despite warnings from scientists about the price to be paid.
That price — more vicious heat waves, longer wildfire seasons, rising sea levels — is now irretrievably baked in. Nations, including the United States, have dithered so long in cutting emissions that progressively more global warming is assured for decades to come, even if efforts to shift away from fossil fuels were accelerated tomorrow.
'Twice as Bad'
"What we're seeing today, this year, is just a small harbinger of what we are likely to get," said Jonathan Overpeck, a climate scientist at the University of Michigan. Things are on track to get "twice as bad" as they are now, he said, "if not worse."
Earth has already warmed roughly 1 degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, since the 19th century. The most optimistic proposals made by world governments to zero out emissions envision holding warming to below 2 degrees Celsius. Nations remain far from achieving those goals.
Usually, each passing year's records are framed by the past — the hottest temperatures ever observed, the biggest wildfires in decades. However, as Cristian Proistosescu, an assistant professor at the University of Illinois, noted on Twitter, it may be time to flip that chronological framing, and consider today the new starting point.
"Don't think of it as the warmest month of August in California in the last century," he wrote. "Think of it as one of the coolest months of August in California in the next century."
Smoke from the Bobcat Fire in Los Angeles on Thursday.Ringo Chiu/Reuters
Climate change is more a slope than a cliff, experts agreed. We're still far from any sort of "game over" moment where it's too late to act. There remains much that can be done to limit the damage to come, to brace against the coming megafires and superstorms and save lives and hold onto a thriving civilization.
"We can certainly move in a direction that serves us a lot better," said Stephen Pyne, an environmental historian and professor emeritus at Arizona State University. "It's not that it's out of our control. The whole thing is in our control."
It won't be easy, particularly if past is prologue.
Managing climate change, experts said, will require rethinking virtually every aspect of daily life: how and where homes are built, how power grids are designed, how people plan for the future with the collective good in mind. It will require an epochal shift in politics in a country that has, on the whole, ignored climate change.
One hope raised by some experts is that the current onslaught of fires and storms — the death, the destruction, the apocalyptic skies — might motivate people to unite behind calls for action. "Those orange skies — I mean, that was scary," said Kris May, a climate scientist and coastal engineer in San Francisco, referring to the midday tangerine glow over Northern California this month, a consequence of smoke from wildfires.
Yet she wondered if they would have been even more powerful had they had struck places like Washington, D.C. Perhaps there, she said, "they'd bring about more change."
The issue of climate change might have been back of mind for most Americans when a dramatic, rain-free lightning storm swept across Northern California in August. In a region that gets little rain in summer or early fall, the most destructive fires, like those that swept through Wine Country in 2017 and the town of Paradise in 2018, have come in October and November.
But one August night's spectacular lightning show became the next day's emerging disaster, as hundreds of fires were sparked, mostly in hard-to-reach terrain. Three of those blazes now rank among the four biggest California fires since record-keeping began in 1932 — part of the 3.6 million acres that have burned in the state so far.
And the traditional fire season is just beginning.
The fires, along with others in places including Colorado, Oregon and Washington, destroyed entire towns and sent smoke tens of thousands of feet high. San Francisco, Portland and Seattle have suffered some of the unhealthiest air quality on the planet, beating cities such as Beijing and New Delhi for the title. Smoke spread all the way across the continent, with particles coloring sunsets on the East Coast.
There was no place to escape. Evidence of global warming — which, scientists said, helps drive a rise in wildfire activity by creating hotter and drier conditions — was hanging visibly in the air.
For a long time, "there was so much focus on how climate change would affect the most vulnerable, like low-lying island nations or coral reefs — things that don't dramatically affect the economic powerhouses of the world," said Katharine Mach, an associate professor at the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. "There's often been this arrogant assumption that wealth provides protection."
Climate Fwd: What on earth is going on? Get the latest news about climate change, plus tips on how you can help.
Recent events, she said, are a vivid reminder that "we're all in this together."
That notion raises a counterintuitive bit of hope: The more people who are affected, particularly the affluent and influential, the more seriously the issue gets addressed.
First, experts broadly agreed, if we want to stop the planet from relentlessly heating up forever, humanity will quickly need to eliminate its emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases. That means cleaning up every coal plant in China, every steel mill in Europe, every car and truck in the United States.
It's a staggering task. It means reorienting a global economy that depends on fossil fuels. So far, the world has made only halting progress.
But experts also made a point they say is often underappreciated: Even if we start radically slashing emissions today, it could be decades before those changes start to appreciably slow the rate at which Earth is warming. In the meantime, we'll have to deal with effects that continue to worsen.
"In terms of being reversible, I can only think of things in sci-fi films — Superman trying to spin the earth in the other direction so Lois Lane doesn't die," said Juan Declet-Barreto, a social scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. "Seriously, it is not reversible."
Again and again, climate scientists have shown that our choices now range from merely awful to incomprehensibly horrible.
If we cut emissions rapidly, about one-seventh of the world's population will suffer severe heat waves every few years. Failure to do so doubles or triples that number. If we act now, sea levels could rise another 1 to 2 feet this century. If we don't, Antarctica's ice sheets could destabilize irreversibly and ocean levels could keep rising at an inexorable pace for centuries, making coastal civilization all but unmanageable.
The best hope is to slow the pace of warming enough to maintain some control for humanity.
"In our research, we've found that most systems can cope with a 1.5-degree or 2-degree world, although it will be very costly and extremely difficult to adapt," said Dr. Hayhoe of Texas Tech University. "But in a 4-degree world, in many cases, the system just doesn't work anymore."
So, even as nations cut emissions, they will need to accelerate efforts to adapt to the climate change they can no longer avoid. "We need to figure out how to put ourselves less in harm's way," said Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at New York University.
Humans are remarkably resilient. Civilizations thrive in climates as different as Saudi Arabia and Alaska.
When disaster strikes, we've demonstrated an ability to unite and respond. In 1970 and 1991, two major tropical cyclones hit Bangladesh, killing a half-million people. The country then built an extensive network of early-warning systems and shelters, and strengthened building codes. When another major cyclone struck in 2019, just five people died.
"The human capacity for adaptation is extraordinary — not unlimited, but extraordinary," said Greg Garrard, professor of environmental humanities at the University of British Columbia. He added, "I'm much more concerned for the future of the nonhuman than I am for the future of humans, precisely because we're just very, very good at adaptation."
But as the case in Bangladesh illustrates, adaptation is usually a reactive measure, not a preventive one. Adapting to climate change means envisioning bigger disasters to come — again, flipping the framing away from history and into the future.
If You Can't See It, Is It Real?
"Humans have difficulty imagining things that we haven't experienced yet," said Alice Hill, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations who oversaw resilience planning on the National Security Council during the Obama administration.
"After every major catastrophe, whether it's Pearl Harbor or 9/11, people always look back and say it was a failure of imagination. That also applies to climate change," she said. "It's hard to visualize the entire West Coast aflame until you actually see it. And if we can't see it, we tend to discount the risk."
There are concrete steps that can be taken today. Consider wildfires. After a deadly spate of Western blazes in 1910, the United States government scaled up its firefighting force, committing to extinguish wildfires wherever they occurred. For decades, that worked, giving Americans confidence that they could move into forested areas and remain safe.
But that policy led to a buildup of dense vegetation in the nation's forests, which, when combined with a warmer and drier climate means that those forests are increasingly primed to burn bigger and hotter, overwhelming the nation's firefighting capacity.
Going forward, experts said, the country will have to shift its mentality and learn to live with fire. States and communities will need to impose tougher regulations on homes built in fire-prone areas. Federal agencies will have to focus on managing forests better, selectively thinning some areas and even preventively setting controlled fires in others to burn off excess vegetation that can fuel runaway blazes.
"There's a lot we can do," said Jennifer Balch, a wildfire expert at the University of Colorado at Boulder. "We've just been stuck in an emergency response rather than thinking and looking ahead."
Whether Americans can adopt that mentality remains an open question.
"We've often heard the argument that it will be too expensive to cut emissions and it will just be easier to adapt," said Noah Diffenbaugh, a climate scientist at Stanford University. But we've now had decades of warnings, he said, "and we're not even adapted to the present climate."
Cascading Disasters
Adaptation can quickly become bogged down in a tangle of competing motivations and unintended consequences. Proposals for stricter building codes or higher insurance premiums face opposition from builders and voters alike.
And there's the moral hazard problem, which is when people are shielded from the costs of their decisions and thus make bad ones. For instance, local communities reap increased property taxes from allowing buildings to rise in disaster-prone areas, but they don't pick up most of the tab for disaster recovery — the federal government does.
Another challenge to adaptation is that, as climate change intensifies, it increases the risk of "compound hazards," when numerous disasters strike simultaneously, as well as the risk that one disaster cascades into another.
In late 2017, large wildfires scorched Santa Barbara, Calif., burning away vegetation that stabilized hillside soils. Heavy rainfall followed a month later. The result: devastating mudflows that killed 23 and injured 163.
In Houston in 2017, Hurricane Harvey shut down gasoline refineries, strained hospitals and spread toxic substances and pathogens as floodwaters swamped the city. And when the Camp Fire destroyed Paradise, Calif., in 2018, nearly 20,000 displaced people arrived in nearby Chico, which suddenly found its sewage system pushed to the limits.
"It's really challenging to predict exactly where and how all of those cascading risks will unfold," said Amir Aghakouchak, a climate scientist at the University of California, Irvine, who studies compound hazards.
Experts also noted that climate change is an accelerant of inequality. Those most affected, globally and in the United States, tend to be the most vulnerable populations. Many are also among the people at highest risk for Covid-19.
As thousands have fled fires in recent weeks, farmworkers have continued to pick ripe crops, sometimes in evacuation zones. "They already live in a state of crisis that has been magnified, compounded by the pandemic," said Dr. Declet-Barreto of the Union of Concerned Scientists.
One concern is that adaptability will not be a collective effort. Wealthier people may find ways to protect themselves, while others are left fending for themselves. Even after American disasters, for example, relief is often off-limits to undocumented residents, experts said.
"Here in South Florida, people are building these amazing homes that float on the water. They can withstand Category 4 hurricanes, but they cost $6 million," said Dr. Mach of the University of Miami. "So how do we manage these risks so that it's not just people with resources who stay safe?"
A Lifetime of Clues
For well over a century, science has provided us with powerful clues that this was coming.
As early as the 1850s, researchers realized that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide could trap heat on Earth. This came at the dawn of the Industrial Age, which brought fossil-fuel-burning factories that ultimately not only filled people's lives with modern conveniences, but also filled the sky with the carbon dioxide now warming the world.
By the 1990s, scientists had a deep understanding of the future risks of a warming world. By the 2010s, researchers could show how the extreme heat waves, droughts and floods now unfolding were influenced by climate change.
Technology offered solutions as well, whether solar power or electric cars. Yet governments have been slow to rein in reliance on fossil fuels.
"I feel like the climate scientists have kind of done our job," said Dr. Kalmus, the Los Angeles-based scientist. "We've laid it out pretty clearly, but nobody's doing anything. So now it's kind of up to the social scientists."
Will the recent spate of disasters be enough to shock voters and politicians into action?
"We have a lot of evidence that that doesn't happen," said Dr. Garrard of the University of British Columbia.
One 2017 study found that people who experience extreme weather are more likely to support climate adaptation measures than before. But the effect diminished over time. It may be that people mentally adjust to unusual weather patterns, updating their perception of what they consider normal.
All of it can feel overwhelming, particularly for people wanting to make a difference. Susan Cutter, who directs the Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute at the University of South Carolina, noted that climate change's biggest problem may be the sense that it is beyond our control. The planet is burning, so does it really matter if I turn off the light?
"There's too much complexity and, frankly, too much that needs to be changed, that we're flitting from one concern to another," she said.
Even so, some important steps are being taken. Cities like Montecito, Calif., and Austin, Texas, have pursued difficult measures to protect against future wildfires. Britain, the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, now goes coal-free for months at a time, having rapidly shifted to cleaner forms of electricity.
And if optimism springs from knowledge, the good news is that scientific research lays out what to do. It's not a mystery, nor is it beyond the bounds of human ability.
"What's beautiful about the human species is that we have the free will to decide our own fate," said Ilona Otto, a climate scientist at the Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change. "We have the agency to take courageous decisions and do what's needed," she said. "If we choose."
An intersection in Talent, Ore., last week.Alisha Jucevic for The New York Times


Adhri Technique with Vanessa – Feel the power of letting go of stuck emotions and beliefs through this safe, self-guided process. Allowing yourself to acknowledge your feelings can free you from limiting, blaming and fearful perspectives. Make room for whatever you want to think, feel and be. This tool can be used in any circumstance to free yourself from worry, hesitation and lack, and create increased peace, faith and abundance. You are capable of change. Sign up for an Adhri technique session and find out how fast and easy it can be.


The Artlands of Hong Kong [Issue 1] | !GUPTER PUNCHER magazine!
I meet up with Ersatz Kwan outside one of the exits of Shek Kip Mei MTR station. She is taller than I thought she would be, and a smoker too. She smokes quickly and leaves her cigarette on the ground then tells me to follow her. Apparently there is a sorry excuse for an artists' colony nearby and that is probably the best place to start.
The thing we are starting isn't so important, not to me at least. I get the impression it doesn't matter much to Ersatz either.
She is a local poet I met a few nights earlier, the first poet I have met in Hong Kong actually, and after a few drinks together and some reading of her poetry, I walked myself into a story on how Hong Kong was bleeding the life out of art. This was the way Ersatz put it, showing her teeth a little to make sure I knew she was enraged. It worked, and here we are.
She doesn't talk much about art or poetry as we walk down the road, round a corner, up a hill, past the Jockey Club and into a small, slummy looking estate that is the art colony. We talk about the media and Japan. She is very curious about Japan.
She means Shimo-Kitazawa and I tell her that it is more a place that artists hang out, not do their work.
She considers my credentials for knowing about art and artists for a moment as we walk past a monster made entirely of wire, crouching and snarling at the entrance to the estate.
She turns to me when we reach the stairwell.
I don't argue with her, she seems so sure.
We walk up to the eighth floor and then descend the estate, doing circles around each floor. Most of the doors are closed and the lights inside are out.
She tells me that the place is dead. She also tells me that this place isn't a serious place for art.
I ask her how the Government is supposed to help.
"They're not, they're supposed to be against us. Art is creation and innovation, right, you understand that? The Government is there to control the market and there are no new ideas or innovation in the market, so real innovation has to come from the edge, and the only support they get has to be either nothing or just a few early adapters. It can't be popularized at its inception, you understand?
I get most of it. I tell her that her English is very good.
I do. She read it to me from memory and I can remember enough of it to read it back to you.
The City holds the night.
The other names of the other birds.
I didn't have a clue what it meant. She told me it was 'visceral surrealist'. I didn't know what that meant either. She said it was a movement that wanted its listener to understand yet, at the same time, retain a nascent state of confusion. It's very esoteric, she said that night. No one really gets it.
On the fifth floor we find an open door and two people, a man and a woman, very professional looking, fiddling on a computer.
I ask them what they are doing.
Ersatz walks out and I have no choice but to follow after her. I apologise to the two artists, but they have already gone back to their screens.
Ersatz is outside smoking quickly again.
I ask her what's wrong.
She drops her cigarette on the ground outside the studio of the artists she can't stand and tells me that it's time to get out of there and try somewhere else.
We take the bus over to a group of warehouses in an area I've never been to before. I think it's somewhere near Ho Man Tin, but I can't be sure. I consider asking Ersatz but she's been quiet since we left the colony and only speaks to herself in short bursts, something about wives and selling out and Sean Penn. I suspect she's forming a new poem in her head but I don't ask.
Outside the first warehouse, she stops and lights up another cigarette. That's seven she's smoked since I met her two hours ago.
She takes an angry drag and starts to blow at my face, but changes her mind as the smoke spills out and turns her face away.
There are three artists working inside the warehouse.
We walk in, my face open, curious and beaming, and move towards the nearest canvas. The artist in front of it turns and tells us to get out. I freeze. Ersatz shakes her head. The man, in his thirties, fat, messy haired from the short time I've got to look at him, tells us a second time to get out.
He throws his paintbrush across the warehouse floor while the other two remain in their own mental space, staring at their creations.
I look over at Ersatz for help, but she's already gone.
Outside, she is smoking again and kicking the side of the warehouse.
"I see why you're angry now." I tell her.
She stops kicking and tells me that it's more than that, and then goes on to explain what it is exactly.
She points to each warehouse on the site with an accusatory finger.
She finishes her ninth cigarette and flicks it at the warehouse.
We walk out onto the street and wait for the bus. She tells me that there's nothing left to show anymore and I should probably go back and try and write something.
I shuffle closer to her.
I want to pull Penn's skin off and wear it like it was always mine.
When she's finished she tells me that she wishes she lived in the US. "There's space everywhere there," she says.
I tell her with assurance that LA is probably the worst place for an artist to go. It's all industry there.
She smirks as if she knew I would react this way.
The bus comes and I get on alone. Ersatz says that she's gonna take the next one. As I take my seat I look back out the window and see her lighting up again.


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School Math
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Netherlands School Math
Shapes and Solids Around Us, Spatial Understanding, Numbers from 1 to 10, Numbers from 11 to 20, Numbers from 21 to 100, Numbers from 1 to 100, Addition (1 to 20), Subtraction (1 to 20), Addition and Subtraction (1 to 20), Addition and Subtraction of Numbers up to 100, Multiplication, Skip Counting, Patterns and Shapes, Time, Probability, Data Handling
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A game for Indie VS Pewdiepie Game Jam.
Sell Phone is a game where you Sell Phone. Well that's obvious all right. The thing is we've included some of the rpg elements in there, which is crafting and hunting.
Yep, you have to collect the material for your phone and sell it, all by yourself. Well you wont be alone forever, because eventually you'll get more companion along the way......I guess?
The purpose of the game is to sell phone to reach a certain amount of money. To sell a phone you have to make it first and to make a phone you use the art of crafting.


text:
We're looking for interns!
By Laura June
That's right, your wildest dreams could be about to come true. We're looking for several interns to help us out on a day to day basis. We can tell you it won't be an easy job, but it will be fun. See our requirements below, and good luck!
Intern, New York City
You must be in New York City or a very short (think less than half an hour) commute away. This is non-negotiable so if you live elsewhere, it's not going to work out this time. The bulk of your work time will be spent in Manhattan.
You should love gadgets and technology.
You should be available at least 20 hours per week (more is great!), and those hours must be between the hours of 8:00 am and 7:00 pm, Monday through Friday. If you're available other times, that's great too, but we're looking for people whose main availability is during the week.
You should be an ambitious hard worker. We know everyone says this, but it's really very important.
If you're interested, send us a short, simple email describing your background, availability, interests, and location to jobs@thisismynext.com with the word 'intern' in the subject.


This entry was posted in difficulty accepting friends have the cheek to run faster than me, Exercise and heart disease, Grumpiness, Heart disease, Increasing sociability, LGBT rights, parkrun, Radio 4, Running, running injury, running races, running with heart disease, Uncategorized and tagged Bibliophilia, books, exercise, heart disorder, LGBTQIA rights, parkrun, parkrun stats, reading, running. Bookmark the permalink.
← I'm a runner again!
Thank you. Greatly disappointed shirt is no longer gold but green but I'm still very pleased to get it.
Ta but I was looking forward to a 250 shirt of burnished gold which would dazzle anyone who had the audacity to overtake me. They've re-designed it and changed it to green! Yes, I'm extremely glad my family are running now with the exception of my mother. I suppose I should make some allowance since she's 88.