Let's take a quick look at the levels of automation, before diving deep into the codeless Test Automation Framework.
As the name itself suggests, this requires creating a program/software to automate tests or processes.
Example: If you have to perform unit testing of a particular function or a class, then you would need to create test programs to test your function or class. There is no way to automate your units tests without coding.
In general, if any automation tool or framework mandates the testers to create some code or script for providing test input, execution and reporting of automated tests, then such tools are categorized in this level.
In this level, you do not need any coding or scripting knowledge to create automated tests. However, as a framework, it is a good practice to provide the capability of customization.
For advanced users, customization can be done by writing their own code for covering some unique test scenarios.
Create test scripts from test case documents (probably using Natural Language Processing technology).
Auto-generate test scripts based on the user actions/use cases on the application under test. This is the advanced version of the traditional record and playback feature.
Auto-validation of the test results based on Machine learning without user inputs on what needs to be validated and test analytics.
In this article, we would be focusing on the level-2 automation which is Scriptless.
Before that, let's see the list of some of the top Scriptless Automation Tools.
The top 4 tools that fall under this category are stated below for your reference.
TestCraft is a scriptless Selenium test automation platform. Its revolutionary AI technology and unique visual modeling allow for faster test creation and execution while eliminating test maintenance overhead. Testers create fully automated test scenarios without coding. Customers find bugs quickly, release more frequently, integrate with the CI/CD approach and improve the overall quality of their digital products.
Some of the important design goals that should be considered are briefed below.
Any input that needs to be provided to run automated tests should be coming outside the 'coding' part of your automation framework. Input can be your test steps, test conditions, test data, expected results etc.
For every type of input, the framework should support in the form of keywords that are easy to use and thereby understand the context too.
This clearly means that you should provide options to customize the handling of test scripts for advanced users so that they can include unique scenarios. Advanced users can plug-in their test scripts (in the form of a program) to the framework's test input.
This is a really important design goal as understanding how to set up, configure and use automation framework it should not become very difficult than coding.
One such Example would be to provide a template that has all the required test inputs with default values (but relevant to the context).
In this way, the users would quickly understand how to provide test inputs based on their application needs. Another way would be to provide a high level of abstraction in the test inputs.
Example: Let's consider the button click simulation. Here, as a user, I am only interested in a simple action called click a button.
The framework should be capable of performing that action by internally handling different methods of identifying a button control followed by the action. In fact, this is somewhat related to the Input driven goal where you have to define keywords that are easy to understand as in this example, ClickButton.
Must be capable of running on different PC and Mobile platforms. Different browsers in case of scriptless automation developed for web applications. As part of this goal, you should also consider supporting the common test inputs across different platforms.
In today's scenario, we all know that technologies are vast and there are a lot of options to develop applications.
No matter what technology is used to develop an application under test (under a given application type such as web or mobile), the automation framework should be capable of testing those applications with some minimal or no changes to test inputs and the framework engine itself.
Should be capable of running on cloud and on-premises, virtual environment.
Should provide options to plug-in the other software components to cover complex test scenarios.
Let's take an Example of the e-commerce website which has both front end application and web services and you want to test the functionality of your application along with the performance. This requirement would definitely need plug-ins for tools that can test web services and performance of the website as well.
Before taking a look at the specifics of implementation, let us first understand the high-level architectural components of Scriptless Automation Framework.
#1) Framework Core Engine: This is the core component of the framework that does all the heavy lifting job of automation logic, validations, interfaces to the rest of the components of the architecture and third-party apps/scripts for customized test configuration and executions.
All the test input actions are forwarded to the action handler to process the actions on the AUT (Application Under Test). For developing this engine, it is important to choose the right programming knowledge and technology by considering the design goals mentioned above.
Depending on the smart selection of technology, you will be able to meet most of your design goals thereby providing the best possible benefits to the consumers of the automation framework.
#2) Test Input Interface: This is the front end component from the consumer's point of view and this is where you will provide all your test inputs such as test case steps, test conditions, test data, expected results etc.
Remember the design goal of simplicity, this component should be designed in such a way in which the consumers can quickly adapt and start using your framework. Failing to meet this goal would result in less usage of your framework itself.
The interface to the core engine is the interpreter which typically follows some protocol to exchange information on test inputs.
#3) Test Output Interface: This is the component which is responsible for outputting your test results, test logs, defect logging, reporting, and dashboards. The framework core engine will forward the results to the Output logger which is then rendered by the Output interface.
Out of the above components, the consumers would be typically interfacing with the Test input interface and Test output interface. Hence, we are going to explore these 2 components only.
Test inputs can be provided in different ways. However, it entirely depends on what type of consumers are we targeting for this framework.
Files such as XML, Excel; Schema such as test data fields, test steps, data types and so on would be defined by the framework engine and that has to be followed while providing the test inputs.
GUI based input where you will provide the relevant test fields so that the consumers can provide all the test details for execution.
Visual editor based input where the consumers can provide in the form of flow charts (supporting basic logic such as conditions and loops). In fact, this is the most trending way for providing input interface though it is comparatively time-consuming for developing such interface.
Ability to group test cases based on test types, test priority and so on.
Must be able to create custom test suites for running smoke & regression tests, selective tests etc.
Test inputs that are platform agnostic.
Ability to execute a single test case multiple times.
Should be able to execute a single test case for different test values.
Ability to launch another executable for a specific test step or test case. E.g. Interface to Jenkins to automatically launch test execution.
Test configurations for execution and output logging. Example: Timeouts.
Provision to set up 'test script library' for re-usability across teams and projects that are deemed as necessary.
Ability to import test data inputs from templates that are created in the past.
Provision to import test case documents and map them to the test data inputs. Remember the 'Extensibility' design goal. Yes, this is the first step towards the next level of automation!
From the Scriptless Automation point of view, you must also ensure that you are able to view the test execution results in a seamless manner without any need to write special code.
Ability to view test results, test logs, framework logs etc.
Generation of various test reports and dashboards.
Ability to create custom reports based on specific requirements.
Must be able to stream test results at run time through GUI.
Ability to interface with standard test case management tools.
Should be able to export test results, reports and dashboards in different formats such as Excel, doc, pdf etc.
Ability to filter and parse test logs for specific requirements such as Performance test engineering etc.
Provision to push all test data (results, logs, selective data points) to advanced modules such as analytics. Remember the 'Extensibility' design goal. Yes, this is yet another first step towards the next level of automation!
It is not mandatory for the testers to have any programming or scripting skills.
Apart from the testers (who are the primary consumers of Scriptless automation), the framework usage can be extended to the Product owners (in the Agile world), and Business Analysts as well for setting up and executing the User Acceptance Tests (UAT).
Quicker development of automated tests that perfectly fit into the Agile process.
Offers flexibility for both native and advanced users.
Less 'test' related errors as the underlying scriptless framework would have been tested thoroughly. This, in turn, reduces the time spent on debugging and fixing test related issues.
Easier maintenance of the overall automation suite.
Given below are a few Myths about this framework.
#1) SAF is 100% scriptless: Actually, this is not 100% true. Though the goal is to make it 100% codeless, it is practically not possible to achieve this feat.
The primary reason for this is the presence of various complexities in the Application Under Test (AUT), technologies and the programming languages that are used in developing the software. Hence, one of the design goals that we have mentioned is about providing flexibility for customization.
#2) For using SAF, the testers do not need any programming or coding knowledge: Again, this is not 100% true. Actually, they do require some basic concepts of programming and logical skills.
When it comes to web or mobile based applications, the testers also need to know the basics of objects and classes that need to be included as a part of customized scripts.
There are some tools like TestCraft which, in fact, does not need the QA professional to have coding knowledge. Their drag and drop plus on-the-fly features allow for anyone to understand how to run tests.
#3) SAF is all about record and playback which can be relied on: No. Record and playback will just give the user a working script with a hardcoded value of inputs and flows which has to be later customized.
In any way, it does NOT cover all possible scenarios of user inputs and test steps.
Given below are some examples of Scriptless Automation for your easy understanding.
Each of the above are the keywords that are supported by Scriptless frameworks.
The words in italics are the keywords that accept arguments to perform actions.
Note: EnterPassword accepts 2 arguments. The second one is the flag to indicate masking of characters as it is typed in the password field.
Note: EnterPIN accepts 2 arguments. The second one is the flag to indicate masking of PIN digits as it is typed in the PIN entry field. PrintReceipt also has 2 arguments.
If you notice the flow above, this is a typical transaction flow. You could use the entire flow as a "transaction test template" for various test cases. This is how you make the generation of test steps and test inputs easy for the testers.
Reusability of keywords, group of keywords and flow based keywords can be done in Scriptless Automation Framework (SAF).
From this article, you would have figured out that developing a code-less or script-less automation framework is a challenging and equally interesting task.
You can develop such frameworks for any kind of application testing i.e. web-based, mobile apps, Web services, GUI, database, embedded device applications etc.
However, utmost care should be taken to develop a stable, reliable and high-performance tool. This is just a word of caution to choose the right technology and scripting/programming language to develop a wonderful and useful framework.
Do you have any experiences in Scriptless Automation? Feel free to share your thoughts with us in the comments section below.
This is a real awesome topic it made me see things differently, thanks for sharing.
Good Job, Very informative article.
for Scriptless Automation programming skill is very important..


text:
Recent statistics on church social service budgets, campaign donations from clergy, and regional belief in the Bible.
Compiled by Ted Olsen| January 22, 2008
$633,314 Contributions given so far by clergy to 2008 presidential candidates.
56% Percentage that has gone to Democrats.
52% Percentage of the $1,149,326 given by clergy in 2004 that was given to Republicans.
75% Residents of Arkansas and Alabama who believe the Bible is literally true.
22% Residents of Vermont and Massachusetts who say this.
42.5% American congregations that spend less than 10 percent of their budgets on social services in their community.
12.2% Congregations that spend more than 30 percent.
7.1% American congregations that receive government grants to provide social services.
$395,628 Average (mean) grant received by these congregations (which received an average of three grants over four years).
Related Elsewhere:
See our earlier Go Figure postings from January 2008, December 2007, November 2007, October 2007, September 2007, August 2007, July 2007, June 2007, May 2007, April 2007, March 2007, February 2007, and earlier issues.
Our digital archives are a work in progress. Let us know if corrections need to be made.
International | United States
February 2008, Vol. 52, No. 2, Pg 16
More From: Ted Olsen @tedolsen
This article is from the February 2008 issue.
When A Word Is Worth A Thousand Complaints (and When It Isn't)
Bible translation is about more than just technical accuracy.
Jordan K. Monson
The 50 Countries Where It's Most Dangerous to Follow Jesus in 2021
Latest report on Christian persecution finds 3 in 4 martyrs are in Nigeria, ranked among 10 worst persecutors for first time.
CT Editors
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This article is from the February 2008 print issue. Subscribe to continue reading.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Navia pilarica est une espèce de plante de la famille des Bromeliaceae, présente en Colombie et décrite par le botaniste colombien Julio Betancur en 2001.

Distribution
L'espèce a été décrite par le botaniste colombien Julio Betancur à partir de l'holotype découvert dans la sierra de Chiribiquete en Colombie.

Bibliographie
 Description originale et diagnose par Julio Betancur :

Notes et références

pilarica
Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We are experiencing unhealthy air quality conditions due to smoke from the Camp Fire.
Effective immediately, all University activities taking place outdoors will be moved indoors. This includes classes, athletic events and practices, and activities on the Quad. Children are especially sensitive and should remain indoors.
The campus has a supply of N95 particulate masks for voluntary use.
For faculty and staff, please go to Environmental Health Safety located in ADM 259 to pick up a mask.
We will continue to update news.sfsu.edu with information on air quality and their impacts on the San Francisco State sites throughout the Bay Area. Air quality conditions can be viewed on AirNow.gov.


With the start of the 2018 Winter Olympics it seemed my local newspaper The Volkskrant a great idea to include a segment on one of the great unsolved problems in physics: ice scating. If you look at the current unsolved problems Wikipedia page the official list contains the heavy-weight issues from particle physics , astronomy and so forth but humble ice-scating?
To recap the article (by Martijn van Calmthout), Professor Oosterkamp of Leiden University explains that the current theory on scating (friction between the skate and the ice melts a layer of water providing lubrication) fails when the skaters increase their speeds. The interest of a Dutch professor in speed skating is no coincidence as the Dutch are only anywhere decent in competing in winter olympics in speed skating events. IN 2017 another Dutchman Hans van Leeuwen calculated that at higher speeds the water layer is too thin to provide the required lubrication (DOI). To rescue the model, he then postulated a refinement: at relative slow speeds the skates plough through the ice with increased friction, a friction that is reduced at higher speeds with less ploughing, much like a catamaran in water.
With the van Leeuwen theory in place the article continues, the laboratory verification is now up to Oosterkamp. He is currently busy at work but already retired and complains about lack of funding and lack of PhD students. So if you are an ice skating enthusiast and interested in solving fundamental problems in physics and well-funded? Leiden University!
The Gasmolecule is a sculpture of a methane molecule with a height of 8 meters and is located in Slochteren in the province of Groningen in the North of the Netherlands. The sculpture commemorates the find of a massive natural gas field (2700 billion cubic meters) in 1959 that has since provided millions of homes with warmth and generated 211 billion euros in state revenues (thanks to Napoleon the government owns the gas and not the landowner). But now the party seems to be over. And the reason being? earthquakes. The last quake to hit the region measured 3.4, (link) not enough to bring buildings down but enough the unsettle them and to unsettle the locals.
Latest advice to the government: reduce the gas output from 21 billion cubic meters per year to just 12 (link) but the national requirement ranges from 14 (soft winter) to 27 billion (severe winter) billion cubic meters per year.
In the meanwhile NAM company, a joint venture between Shell and ExxonMobil responsible for the extraction of all that gas ensures the public it has 3 to 5 billion euros available for compensating earthquake damage. (link) At the same time it is curious that partner Shell considers itself no longer liable for any damages (link) and that NAM is financially not that solid. There is also foreign pressure: the country has committed itself to supplying gas to other countries. Already Belgium has demanded its supply will not get interrupted (doi).
And what about the science? Will reducing the gas output actually prevent earthquakes? (link) The geology of the region is that of sandstone. The gas is extracted at a depth of three kilometres and pore pressure reduction will lead to ground level depression (up to 30 centimetres). But the resulting mechanical stress does not automatically lead to an earthquake, there is a thing called aseismic creep that would make things smooth out. To be continued.
The automated unit is massive (see suppl. info for pics): a reaction segment preparation unit can fill up 2 x 96 well-plates with stock solutions using an autosampler (0.5 to 100 microliter dosing, micro-stir bars). These reaction segments are fed into a flow reactor after a solvent selection valve capable of handling 12 different solvents. Each candidate is queued in the flow-reactor coil (100°C, 1 ml/min)and separated by 45 seconds, two LC-MS units take turns analyzing the output. On exciting the output can be fractionated for offline analysis and/or preparative collection.
The reaction studied was a Suzuki-Miyaura reaction and a typical mix consisted of an aryl bromide, a boronic acid, palladium acetate and a phosphine for example triphenylphosphine with a base added and with solvents.


text:
Q: Date Taken changed to Import date in iPhoto I am not seeing the answer for this problem - I imported 14K photos from my PC to Mac, had them ready and cleaned up, no dups, etc., then after importing, most of the photos do not have the correct date taken, which causes a lot of problem to viewing all my photo. It is taking the date created as the date taken. I cannot seem to change anything else about it. With all pictures I have, I renamed ALL of them to the date taken in the format 2013-0520-xx, just so I would be able to keep up with them in the transfer. So I am able to know the date by the file name stored outside of iPhoto. Then I ran iPhoto for the first time, and everything is a mess without a way to fix it. HELP

A: The problem is most likely, that your original photos didn't include timestamps. So iPhoto changed the date to the day you imported it. You have to use ExifTool or Lightroom or any tool that can edit EXIF metadata correctly and then import the files again.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Students from both the northern and the southern hemispheres apply legibly for Work and Travel USA program. Check the interactive map below to see the statistics for participating countries gathered 2006 through 2010 including countries such as Russia, China, Turkey, Mongolia, Ukraine, Serbia, Thailand, Argentina, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Ecuador, Peru, Moldova, Taiwan, Singapore, Philippines, Jamaica, Chile etc. The map also shows months of coming and leaving the US.
The graph above shows the statistics of J1 visa issuances for all participating countries from 2004 to 2010. As you see, Work and Travel USA remains a very popular program both among students and US-based employers.
Who exactly are J1 students?
Aged between 18 and 28 years old.
Willing to work hard and earn cash.
Able to work for 3 to 4 months.
Have all required papers to legally work in USA.
Why don't you diversify your job environment, cut costs and benefit from seasonal hiring right now! Hiring J1 students is easy and does not require much tedious paperwork. Start putting your business into a global world context. Register here now, and call or email us with anything you may want to know. We are here to keep your business profitable with seasonable employment.
Hi Aipery and Medet arrived, they are very nice and will start working friday!


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German submarine U-198, was a Type IXD2 U-boat which fought in World War II. [1]
59 relations: AG Weser, Anti-aircraft warfare, Beam (nautical), Bordeaux, Bremen, Cape Verde, Captain at sea, Ceremonial ship launching, Consolidated PBY Catalina, Corvette, Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Diesel engine, Draft (hull), Durban, Fregattenkapitän, Gross register tonnage, Hell ship, Jun'yō Maru, Keel laying, Kiel, La Pallice, Length overall, Liberty ship, List of Allied convoys during World War II by region, Lockheed Ventura, MAN SE, Marlag und Milag Nord, Mocímboa da Praia, Motor–generator, Mozambique, MV Empire City, MV Empire Day, MWM GmbH, Nazi Germany, Oberleutnant zur See, Prisoner of war, Propeller, River-class frigate, Seychelles, Ship commissioning, Ship's company, Short Sunderland, Siemens-Schuckert, Sloop, Submarine, Submarine hull, Supercharger, Torpedo, Torpedo tube, Type IX submarine, ..., U-boat, Werner Hartmann, World War II, Zanzibar, 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun, 12th U-boat Flotilla, 2 cm Flak 30/38/Flakvierling, 3.7 cm SK C/30, 4th U-boat Flotilla.	Expand index (9 more) » « Shrink index
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Anti-aircraft warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action."AAP-6 They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons).
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Beam (nautical)
The beam of a ship is its width at the widest point as measured at the ship's nominal waterline.
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Captain at sea
Captain at sea is a naval rank corresponding to command of a ship-of-the-line or capital ship.
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The Consolidated PBY Catalina, also known as the Canso in Canadian service, is an American flying boat, and later an amphibious aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s produced by Consolidated Aircraft.
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A corvette is a small warship.
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Draft (hull)
The draft or draught of a ship's hull is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull (keel), with the thickness of the hull included; in the case of not being included the draft outline would be obtained.
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Durban (eThekwini, from itheku meaning "bay/lagoon") is the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal and the third most populous in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town.
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Fregattenkapitän
Fregattenkapitän, short: FKpt / in lists: FK, is the middle senior officer rank in the German Navy / armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr).
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Hell ship
A hell ship is a ship with extremely unpleasant living conditions or with a reputation for cruelty among the crew.
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Jun'yō Maru
was a Japanese cargo ship (one of the "hell ships") that was attacked and sunk in 1944 by the British submarine, resulting in the loss of over 5,000 lives.
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La Pallice
La Pallice (also known as grand port maritime de La Rochelle) is the commercial deep-water port of La Rochelle, France.
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Liberty ship
Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II.
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List of Allied convoys during World War II by region
This is a List of Allied convoys during World War II by region.
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Lockheed Ventura
The Lockheed Ventura is a twin engine medium bomber of World War II, used by United States and British Commonwealth forces in several guises, including maritime patrol.
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Marlag und Milag Nord
Marlag und Milag Nord was a Second World War German prisoner-of-war camp complex for men of the British Merchant Navy and Royal Navy.
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Mocímboa da Praia
Mocimboa da Praia is a port in northern Mozambique, lying on the Indian Ocean coast, located in Cabo Delgado Province.
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Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest.
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MV Empire City
Empire City was a cargo ship which was built in 1943 by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT).
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MV Empire Day
Empire Day was a cargo ship that was built in 1941 as a CAM ship by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland, Co Durham, United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT).
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MWM GmbH
The Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH (formerly known as MWM, DEUTZ Power Systems or DPS) is a mechanical engineering company, based in Mannheim.
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Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the first and highest Lieutenant grade in the German Navy.
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A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
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A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust.
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River-class frigate
The River class was a class of 151 frigates launched between 1941 and 1944 for use as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the North Atlantic. The majority served with the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), with some serving in the other Allied navies: the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), the Free French Navy (FFN), the Royal Netherlands Navy and, post-war, the South African Navy (SAN). The first orders were placed by the Royal Navy in 1940, and the vessels were named for rivers in the United Kingdom, giving name to the class. In Canada, they were named for towns and cities, though they kept the same designation. Originally called a "twin-screw corvette", the name "frigate" was suggested by Vice-Admiral Percy Nelles of the Royal Canadian Navy. Canada originally ordered the construction of 33 frigates in October 1941. The design was too big for the locks on the Lachine Canal so it was not built by the shipyards on the Great Lakes and therefore all the frigates built in Canada were built in dockyards along the West Coast or along the St. Lawrence River below Montreal. In all, Canada ordered the construction of 70 frigates, including ten for the Royal Navy, which transferred two to the United States Navy. Twelve were built in Australia for the RAN (four to a modified design). After World War II, they found employment in many other navies the world over; several RCN ships were sunk as breakwaters. One,, was purchased by Aristotle Onassis and converted into the luxury yacht Christina O.
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Seychelles (French), officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean.
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Ship's company
A ship's company comprises all officers, non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel aboard a naval vessel.
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Siemens-Schuckert
Siemens-Schuckert (or Siemens-Schuckertwerke) was a German electrical engineering company headquartered in Berlin, Erlangen and Nuremberg that was incorporated into the Siemens AG in 1966.
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A sloop (from Dutch sloep, in turn from French chaloupe) is a sailing boat with a single mast and a fore-and-aft rig.
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Type IX submarine
The Type IX U-boat was designed by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in 1935 and 1936 as a large ocean-going submarine for sustained operations far from the home support facilities.
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Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania.
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3.7 cm SK C/30
The 3.7 cm SK C/30SK - Schnelladekanone (quick loading cannon); C - Construktionsjahr (year of design) was the German Kriegsmarine's primary anti-aircraft gun during the Second World War.
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German submarine U 198, German submarine U198, U 198, U-198, U198, Unterseeboot 198.


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America Can Persuade Israel to Make a Just Peace
ATLANTA – In January 1996, with full support from Israel and responding to the invitation of the Palestinian Liberation Organization, the Carter Center helped to monitor a democratic election in the West Bank and Gaza, which was well organized, open and fair. In that election, 88 members were elected to the Palestinian National Authority, with Yasir Arafat as president. Legally and practically, the Palestinian people were encouraged to form their own government, with the expectation that they would soon have full sovereignty as a state.
When the election was over, I made a strong effort to persuade the leaders of Hamas to accept the election results, with Mr. Arafat as their leader. I relayed a message offering them full participation in the process of developing a permanent constitutional framework for the new political entity, but they refused to accept this proposal. Despite this rejection, it was a time of peace and hope, and there was no threat of violence or even peaceful demonstrations. The legal status of the Palestinian people has not changed since then, but their plight has grown desperate. Ariel Sharon is a strong and forceful man and has never equivocated in his public declarations nor deviated from his ultimate purpose. His rejection of all peace agreements that included Israeli withdrawal from Arab lands, his invasion of Lebanon, his provocative visit to the Temple Mount, the destruction of villages and homes, the arrests of thousands of Palestinians and his open defiance of President George W. Bush's demand that he comply with international law have all been orchestrated to accomplish his ultimate goals: to establish Israeli settlements as widely as possible throughout occupied territories and to deny Palestinians a cohesive political existence. There is adequate blame on the other side. Even when he was free and enjoying the full trappings of political power, Yasir Arafat never exerted control over Hamas and other radical Palestinians who reject the concept of a peaceful Israeli existence and adopt any means to accomplish their goal. Mr. Arafat's all-too-rare denunciations of violence have been spasmodic, often expressed only in English and likely insincere. He may well see the suicide attacks as one of the few ways to retaliate against his tormentors, to dramatize the suffering of his people, or as a means for him, vicariously, to be a martyr.
Tragically, the policies of Mr. Sharon have greatly strengthened these criminal elements, enhanced their popular support, and encouraged misguided young men and women to sacrifice their own lives in attacking innocent Israeli citizens. The abhorrent suicide bombings are also counterproductive in that they discredit the Palestinian cause, help perpetuate the military occupation and destruction of villages, and obstruct efforts toward peace and justice.
The situation is not hopeless. There is an ultimate avenue to peace in the implementation of United Nations resolutions, including Resolution 242, expressed most recently in the highly publicized proposal of Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Abdullah. The basic premises of these resolutions are withdrawal of Israelis from Palestinian lands in exchange for full acceptance of Israel and Israel's right to live in peace. This is a reasonable solution for many Israelis, having been accepted in 1978 by Prime Minister Menachem Begin and ratified by the Israeli Knesset. Egypt, offering the greatest threat to Israel, responded by establishing full diplomatic relations and honoring Israeli rights, including unimpeded use of the Suez canal. This set a pattern for what can and must be done by all other Arab nations. Through constructive negotiations, both sides can consider some modifications of the 1967 boundary lines.
East Jerusalem can be jointly administered with unimpeded access to holy places, and the right of return can be addressed by permitting a limited number of displaced Palestinians to return to their homeland with fair compensation to others. It will be a good investment for the international community to pay this cost.
With the ready and potentially unanimous backing of the international community, the United States government can bring about such a solution to the existing imbroglio. Demands on both sides should be so patently fair and balanced that at least a majority of citizens in the affected area will respond with approval, and an international force can monitor compliance with agreed peace terms, as was approved for the Sinai region in 1979 following Israel's withdrawal from Egyptian territory. There are two existing factors that offer success to United States persuasion. One is the legal requirement that American weapons are to be used by Israel only for defensive purposes, a premise certainly being violated in the recent destruction of Jenin and other villages. Richard Nixon imposed this requirement to stop Ariel Sharon and Israel's military advance into Egypt in the 1973 war, and I used the same demand to deter Israeli attacks on Lebanon in 1979. (A full invasion was launched by Ariel Sharon after I left office). The other persuasive factor is approximately $10 million daily in American aid to Israel. President George Bush Sr. threatened this assistance in 1992 to prevent the building of Israeli settlements between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. I understand the extreme political sensitivity in America of using persuasion on the Israelis, but it is important to remember that none of the actions toward peace would involve an encroachment on the sovereign territory of Israel. They all involve lands of the Egyptians, Lebanese and Palestinians, as recognized by international law.
The existing situation is tragic and likely to get worse. Normal diplomatic efforts have failed. It is time for the United States, as the sole recognized intermediary, to consider more forceful action for peace. The rest of the world will welcome this leadership.
Jimmy Carter, the former president, is chairman of the Carter Center, which works worldwide to advance peace and human health.
Fadi Hanna	2016-10-24T07:34:27+00:00	April 22nd, 2002|Categories: News|


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Home Technologies Astronomers find nearest black hole to Earth
Astronomers find nearest black hole to Earth
However, based on the number of stars in the Milky Way, there could be millions, or billions, of these cosmic beasts lurking in the shadows. Some may be much closer than we think.
A team of astronomers at the European Souther Observatory (ESO) in Chile recently discovered the nearest black hole to Earth, located only 1,000 lightyears away from our planet. The black hole is part of a stellar system that's so close that it could be seen with the naked eye.
This discovery points to a whole population of black holes that could be hidden all around the Milky Way.
However, the recent finding dates back to an observation more than a decade old. The team behind the new study was originally observing a binary star system called HR 6819 when they began noticing evidence for a third, invisible object.
Dietrich Baade, an astronomer at ESO, and co-author of the new study, revealed to Inverse how they determined, using a cosmic process of elimination, that this mysterious space body was a black hole.
"We see evidence for a third body, but we don't see light from a third body, so it must be a black hole," Baade says.
The team's speculations were put on hold until the end of the year 2019, when they began to investigate it with further observations and reanalyze old data. And while they were unable to see the black hole itself, they were able to determine its presence based on the orbit of the star that's closest to the black hole.
The black hole is at a relatively close distance to Earth, astronomically speaking. And although the black hole itself cannot be seen with the naked eye since it's, well, quite dark, the orbiting stars are bright enough that they can be spotted from Earth.
The black hole is also not close enough that its gravitational pull poses any threat to Earth.
"Black holes are not vicious," Baade says. "They don't know about us, they're not after us."
Especially this black hole, which measures relatively small compared to others. The recently discovered black hole is only four times the mass of the Sun.
On the other hand, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way is 3.6 million times the mass of the Sun.
As it turned out, our neighboring black hole is quite tame. Baade is rather blunt in describing it: "As a black hole, it is the most boring thing you can imagine."
Unlike most black holes discovered, the one hidden in the HR 6819 star system does not accrete matter, meaning that it does not release any powerful x-ray emissions and is therefore completely dark, silent and invisible.
Black holes are formed in the aftermath of a supernova — The death of a large star, one that is 25 times more massive than the Sun, will end in an explosive supernova. The remnants of that supernova end up forming a black hole, a massive amount of matter that is packed in a tight area of space.
Black holes grow gradually by absorbing matter from their surroundings. They form an accretion disk around them, which is usually what scientists spot in their observations of these massive, dark creatures.
However, the only proof of existence for the HR 6819 black hole is the gravitational pull it has on its surrounding stars, which are locked into a clockwise orbit around it.
But these stars do not eject enough matter for the black hole to feed off of, which is why the black hole has remained at its humble size.
"It's growing very marginally, it must have had about the same mass since it formed," Baade says.
Black holes can continue to grow in size, but it's not necessary, Baade explains. Instead, their lack of growth is an indication of their surrounding environment, rather than the properties of the black hole itself.
"One can say that humans do not develop in empty space, they're always a product of their environment," Baade says. "The same is true with black holes. The core of the black hole is a black hole, the only difference is their environment."
Therefore, the black hole at the center of the binary star system is inactive because of the properties of its small, surrounding stars, and not due to its own properties.
The HR 6819 black hole is the first discovery of its kind, but that doesn't mean it's uncommon. The researchers behind the new study believe that there could be a lot more of these inactive black holes in the galaxy that are yet to be discovered.
"Because the Sun is not in a special position in the Milky Way, black holes of this kind must be common because of how close this one is to us," Baade says.
The team behind the new discovery think there could be hundreds of millions of undiscovered black holes out there, but that scientists are more equipped to find them now that they know what to look for.
Source: https://www.inverse.com/science/astronomers-find-nearest-black-hole-to-earth
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More arrests made in murder case of an Egyptian
KUWAIT CITY, Aug 18: Police have taken into custody a third suspect in the Bneid Al-Gar murder of an Egyptian who was believed to be in his 30s, reports Al-Anba daily. The suspect, who had remained at large was seized in the suburb of Umm Al-Haiman yesterday.
The Media Public Relations and Security Information Department at the Interior Ministry said the suspect has been referred to the concerned authorities. The Egyptian was reportedly stabbed to death during a fight last Sunday. The alleged murderer duo of husband and wife were arrested in less than 24 hours of the murder while attempting to leave the country via the Kuwait International Airport.
By Abdulnasser Al-Aslami
Al-Seyassah Staff & Agencies
Previous Asian duo arrested with paan and porn
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Egyptian swindles Kuwaiti for KD 2,750/-
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KUWAIT CITY, June 26: Personnel from the Criminal Investigations Department have arrested an unidentified Egyptian …


After the HFN Test CD's run came to an end we decided to look for alternatives in the industry. This collection represents the best Test, Demo and Burn in CD's on the market.
Stereo Review and Chesky Records have designed this disc to help you improve every aspect of your stereo system and entertainment center's performance. Featuring demonstrations developed by Chesky's own recording engineers with special test signals developed by Stereo Review's Technical Editor, David Ranada. This Gold CD offers a host of useful tests (some recorded in Dolby Pro-logic), and includes a sampling of Chesky's best new Pop, Jazz, World Music, and Classical recordings: Oregon, Paquito D'Rivera, Badi Assad, The Westminster Choir...and more!
This one's hard to fault. Its current technological relevance is enhanced by reference recordings' key role is launching HDCD, so the music tracks are HDCD-encoded. In playing order, you get channel identification and phase tests, a clap track, a 315Hz test tone, a wonderful 'spatial' set-up track narrated by Professor Keith Johnson, demagnetising fades and sweeps and a 15 minute burn-in track. Music selections, all from the Reference Recordings catalogue, include Eileen Farrell (Surprise, Surprise), the Turtle Creek Chorale, the Dallas Wind Symphony conducted by Fennell and others, plus mono in-phase and mono out-of-phase and stereo 'out of absolute phase' tracks.
Wrapped around the 14 selections from Ana Caram, Johnny Firgo, Sara K. et al are spoken introductions which define specific Hi-Fi terms and which then tell you how to determine if the product under assessment meets the grade. Tracks have been chosen which best reveal the nuances and mysteries of 'Transparency', 'Bass Resonance', 'Focus', 'Depth', 'Rhythm and Pace', 'Holographic Imaging' and more. For certain, this is one to add to your CD wallet.


Gaps between the teeth can detract from a beautiful smile. More significantly, however, these spaces can lead to shifting over time, resulting in bite problems, TMJ issues, and more. Therefore, we always recommend replacing missing teeth to preserve your oral health.
Dental bridges can fill in the space left behind by missing teeth. Here, we discuss traditional vs. implant-supported dental bridges and explore the pros and cons of each option. To find out if you are a good candidate, contact our Minerva, OH practice.
Traditional bridges have been used in the dental field for decades. Milled from a solid block of ceramic, zirconia, or another material, a bridge consists of two dental crowns with pontics (artificial teeth) between them.
The restoration is designed to fit over the natural teeth on either side of the gap, completing your smile. In most cases, bridges are intended to replace one to three missing teeth in a row.
Generally, traditional bridges are more affordable than their implant-supported counterparts. They can also be placed much quicker, in about one to two weeks compared to several months. Traditional bridges are often recommended for patients who cannot undergo oral surgery due to health reasons.
The most significant disadvantage of traditional bridges is that the natural teeth must be filed down to accommodate the restoration. This involves removing some of the enamel on the adjacent teeth, which can compromise their structure over time, making them more susceptible to decay and damage.
Additionally, traditional bridges will need to be replaced at some point; their average lifespan is approximately 10 to 20 years.
While traditional bridges rest atop the natural teeth for stability, implant-supported bridges are connected to dental implants. The restorations themselves are designed similarly to traditional bridges, with two dental crowns connected to artificial teeth.
Implant-based restorations offer the most reliable tooth replacement solution. In fact, with proper care, implant-supported bridges can last a lifetime. Additionally, these restorations do not require the removal of natural tooth structure. Therefore, optimal oral health is preserved.
There are very few disadvantages to implant-supported bridges. However, the most notable is the length of time required to complete treatment.
Before the final restoration can be connected, the dental implants must heal and integrate with the surrounding jawbone. This process, called osseointegration, typically takes between three and six months to complete. Depending on bone density and healing capacity, some patients may need to wait longer.
Although an implant-supported bridge requires oral surgery and a few months of healing, most patients find that this option is well worth the wait. During a consultation at our practice, we can determine if an implant-supported bridge is right for you.
If you are missing teeth, a dental bridge can complete your smile and restore your chewing function. To explore your treatment options and eligibility, schedule a consultation at Dowell Dental Group. Contact us online or call us at one of our four office locations.


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School and University Safety
Below you'll find a list of all posts that have been categorized as "School and University Safety"
Three Great Locks for High School Security
Over the past 10 years, school security has become a buzzword for schools ranging from grade schools to colleges. Everything from the looming threats of potential shooters to everyday school security are important things to consider when you are looking to secure your school. We also know that most schools are on a serious budget and that your school may…
3 Reasons Sororities and Fraternities Should Go Keyless
Anyone familiar with "Greek life" will tell you that sorority and fraternity houses seem to abide in a state of organized chaos. Students, friends and sometimes strangers are coming in and going out all hours of the day and night, and along with the frequent parties and other social events, occasional outbreaks of study time have been known to happen…
Campus Life and Keyless Locks
Many schools and universities still depend upon traditional access control systems that utilize keys and locks, but as most people would agree, the security threats that face students and faculty in today's world require a much more robust approach. After all, it's easy for keys to be misplaced or end up in the wrong hands, and if even one important…
Keyless Locks Provide Safer Place to Learn
In this day and age, security is one of the most important factors for schools and colleges to consider. Without having a solid access control system in place, campuses can be vulnerable to a wide range of security risks that can impact the safety of students and staff. As any school caretaker or administrator will tell you, managing the use…
Our Other Entries
Business Security (43)
Home Security (61)
Security Tips (34)
Introduction to GoKeyless Products (36)
Problem Solved (24)
School and University Safety (4)
Cabinet Locks (2)
Card Locks (3)
Wireless Locks (10)
Kaba Simplex Locks (5)
Learning Center (14)
Special Announcement (9)
PSA (Public Safety Announcement) (6)
Church Security (1)
Security Cameras (7)
Locks in the News (25)
Keyless Locks (14)


What is the best internet provider in Ely?
Found in the central part of Nevada, Ely is a community of about 4,200. This city has a long, rich history linked to its time on the First Transcontinental Railroad. The city has lots to offer those who live and work in this area, including a wide variety of high speed Internet providers.
Are you looking for a DSL solution for your home or business in Ely? You might want to begin your search for the ideal ISP with AT&T. AT&T supplies all of Ely with DSL service. On top of that, it also brings fiber-optic coverage to the entire city. Ely residents can also tap into DSL through Mt. Wheeler Power. The region's other main option for fiber optic service is Beehive Broadband, a local company that boasts some of the highest download speeds in the country.
If satellite is a better fit for your home or business, look into Viasat. Viasat maintains a massive network that runs across the entirety of Ely.


Please find below our general terms and conditions for online sales on the pavuna online shop www.pavunaparka.com.
Throughout the site, the terms "we", "us" and "our" refer to pavuna. pavuna offers this website, including all information and services available from this site to you, the user, conditioned upon your acceptance of all terms, conditions, policies and notices stated here.
(1) All offers, purchase agreements, deliveries and services related to orders placed by our customers through our online shop at www.pavunaparka.com are subject to these general terms and conditions. The following terms and conditions act as a signed contract for the supply of the goods offered by pavuna between the client, including its successors, and pavuna, Vanessa Platz, Nordendstraße 64, 80801 München (hereinafter referred to as "pavuna") through the online shop www.pavunaparka.com.
(2) The products offered in our online shop are intended for consumers, but only if they themselves are the end-users of our products. For purposes of these general terms and conditions, (i) consumers are any natural persons who enter into a transaction for purposes which can be attributed primarily to neither their commercial nor freelance professional activities (§13 of the German Civil Code – BGB).
(3) Customer terms and conditions do not apply, even if we do not explicitly reject their validity on a case-by-case basis.
(4) Contracts with customers are made exclusively in English and hence, only this English version of these terms and conditions shall apply.
(1) Our offers in the online shop are not binding.
(2) By placing an order in our online shop, the customer makes a binding offer to purchase the product in question. We have until the third business day after the offer to purchase is received to accept or reject said offer.
(3) Immediately upon receipt of the offer to purchase, we will send confirmation that we have received the offer, but such confirmation does not constitute acceptance of the same. We will have accepted the offer only when we notify the customer of said acceptance (via email) or otherwise send the goods ordered. The purchase contract comes into force only upon our acceptance of the customer's offer to purchase.
(4) Customers classified as consumers according to the BGB are entitled to revoke their offer and return the goods ordered in accordance with the special rescission and return policy provided when they placed their order on our website.
(5) To change your order, or for questions about our return policy you may contact us by e-mail at info@pavunaparka.com .
(6) The minimum age to complete an order is 18 years. Children under 18 years of age must have parental consent before placing an order.
(1) Our prices include statutory VAT, but do not include shipping costs. Customers are responsible for paying any applicable duties or other charges.
(2) We only accept those payment methods displayed to customers as they place their order.
(3) For orders, the prices listed at the time of ordering the products apply.
(1) Any deadlines and dates we provide for the shipment of goods are approximate. Unless any other period is specified in the item description, the product is delivered in Germany within 3 - 5 working days. In case of deliveries outside of Germany, we delivery within 5 - 7 working days after the order confirmation.
(2) All delivery deadlines specified by us when customers place their orders or otherwise agreed shall begin on the day we receive the full purchase price (including VAT and shipping costs).
(3) If the goods ordered are not available, we will notify the customer immediately. If the goods are not available for the foreseeable future, we are entitled to withdraw from the contract. If we withdraw from the contract, we will immediately refund any payments already made by the customer.
(4) Deliveries within Germany and abroad are generally made by DHL.
Any duties, fees, taxes and other government levies are payable by the buyer.
(6) We are responsible solely for the timely, proper handover of the goods to the shipping company and are not responsible for any delays caused by the carrier. Any shipping time we might indicate is therefore not binding.
(7) For consumers the risk of unexpected loss and accidental deterioration of the ordered goods passes over with the delivery thereof to the consumer or a recipient appointed by them. This applies regardless of whether the shipment is insured or not. In other cases, the risk of an unforeseen loss and accidental deterioration of ordered goods passes over with the delivery, forwarding transactions for the delivery of the goods to the carrier or otherwise while dispatching to a chosen person or agency responsible for the buyer.
(1) We retain title to the goods delivered by us until such time as we receive full payment of the purchase price (including VAT and shipping cost) for the product in question.
(2) The customer is not entitled to resell the goods delivered by us while we retain title without our prior written consent.
(1) We are not liable on any legal grounds for any damages caused by any atypical use of the product. Our liability is also excluded for any damages resulting from the loss of data if its restoration is not possible or made more difficult due to missing or insufficient backups of said data. The foregoing limitation on liability shall not apply in cases of intent or gross negligence.
(1) If you are a consumer as defined in § 13 German Civil Code, you have a right of withdrawal. The right of withdrawal does not apply to products that have been personalized for the customer. Return costs are at the expenses of the consumer. Consumers generally have a statutory right to withdraw from transactions made over a distance, a right which the seller must notify them of in accordance with the statutory pattern.
To exercise the right of withdrawal, you must inform us (Vanessa Platz, Nordendstr. 64, 80801 München, Germany, email: info@pavunaparka.com) of your decision to withdraw from this contract by an unequivocal statement (e.g. a letter sent by post or e-mail). You may use the attached model withdrawal form, but it is not obligatory.
If you withdraw from this contract, we shall reimburse to you all payments received from you, excluding the costs of delivery (with the exception of the supplementary costs resulting from your choice of a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by us), without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which we are informed about your decision to withdraw from this contract. We will carry out such reimbursement using the same means of payment as you used for the initial transaction, unless you have expressly agreed otherwise; in any event, you will not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement. We may withhold reimbursement until we have received the goods back or you have supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is the earliest.
End of right of withdrawal policy.
(1) Statutory warranty regulations apply.
(1) The law of the Federal Republic Germany and binding international privacy laws shall apply to this agreement, with the exclusion of the UN law for international sales.
(2) If the customer is a merchant as defined in §1(1) HGB, a legal entity under public law, or a special fund under public law, the courts in Munich shall have exclusive jurisdiction for all disputes arising out of or in connection with the contract in question. In all other cases we or the customer may bring action in any court having jurisdiction according to the law.
(1) If any provision in this Agreement, including this clause, is entirely or partially invalid, or if the contract contains a gap, the validity of the remaining provisions or parts of such provisions remains unaffected.


ALTERED STATE III. Reflections on Scotland's First Independence Referendum: End game focuses on the post-referendum period.
ESTADO ALTERADO III. Reflexións sobre o primeiro referendo de independencia de Escocia: O xogo final céntrase no período post-referendo.
A major shift in the political debate was Scotland's new media which provided a vital alternative to mainstream during the referendum and developed into a radical, diverse and often humorous scene that now rivals traditional press and TV output for audiences.
Un cambio importante tivo lugar nos novos medios de comunicación en Escocia, o que proporcionou unha alternativa aos medios tradicionais durante o referendo e que se convertiu nunha escea radical, diversa e moi frecuentemente humorística rivalizando así coa prensa tradicional e a oferta da TV para o público.
The fall of SNP and other pro-independence parties was widely predicted when the No campaign won. The astonishing Yes campaign fightback began with people joining pro-independence parties in huge numbers. As the consequences of Labour's collaboration with the Conservatives began to dawn on the Scottish branch, new manager Jim Murphy carried the party to historic meltdown at the 2015 General Election. Is there any way back for Labour in Scotland?
A caída do SNP é outros partidos pro-independentistas foi amplamente augurada cando a campaña do NON gañou. A asombrosa remontada da do YES empezou coa xente uníndose a partidos pro independentistas en grandes cantidades. Tamén comezaron as consecuencias da colaboración dos laboristas cós conservadores escoceses, e o novo lider Jim Murphy levou ao partido a unha debacle histórica nas eleccións xerais de 2015. Hai algún xeito de que o laborismo volte a Escocia?
The incredible success of the SNP and the prospect of interminable Conservative UK Government has sparked growing calls for a second referendum. When is the right time to move on indyref2? Is the gradualist approach a better option? What seems certain is that the path to independence is set and in terms of a 300 year old relationship, we are just a step away from going it alone.
O incrible éxito do SNP e a perspectiva dun interminable Gobierno conservador no Reino Unido ten provocado crecentes chamadas para un segundo referendo. Cándo é o momento adecuado para levar adiante o #INDYREF2? É o enfoque gradualista a mellor opción? O que parece certo é que o camiño cara a independencia se establece e o remate dunha relación de 300 anos de antigüidade está tan só a un paso de levarse a cabo por si só.
This episode includes interviews with Derek Bateman, James Kelly, Paul Kavanagh (Wee Ginger Dug), Greg Moodie, Christopher Silver and Professor John Robertson.
Este episodio inclúe entrevistas con Derek Bateman, James Kelly, Paul Kavanagh (Wee Ginger Dug), Greg Moodia, Chistopher Silver e o Profesor John Robertson.
NB apologies for the small audio blip at 28 mins. I had strange problems exporting a clean track from Final Cut to YouTube on this one.


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Deborah Rhode, Who Transformed the Field of Legal Ethics, Dies at 68 – The New York Times
Any discussion of Deborah Rhode's work and impact inevitably is a flood of superlatives. We are fortunate that Clay Risen of the New York Times took the time to tell the story of a woman who was a powerful debater, teacher, writer, and thinker. A high school classmate of Merrick Garland, the Biden-Harris administration will unfortunately be unable to turn to her for the passion and powerful intellect and integrity she brought to her work in legal ethics. The field was little heeded until the Watergate debacle put prominent lawyers like White House counsel John Dean in the dock, and Attorney General John Mitchell in jail.
Deborah Rhode, perhaps more than any other legal scholar changed that. – GWC
Source: OTHERWISE: Deborah Rhode, Who Transformed the Field of Legal Ethics, Dies at 68 – The New York Times
By Clay Risen
Deborah L. Rhode, a law professor who transformed the field of legal ethics from little more than a crib sheet for passing the bar exam into an empirically rich, morally rigorous investigation into how lawyers should serve the public, died on Jan. 8 at her home in Stanford, Calif. She was 68.
Her husband, Ralph Cavanagh, confirmed her death but said that the cause had not yet been determined.
With 30 books and some 200 law review articles to her name, Professor Rhode, who spent over four decades teaching at Stanford, was by far the most-cited scholar in legal ethics, with a work ethic that astounded even her hard-charging colleagues.
"She was done with all her chapters before I started mine," said David J. Luban, a law professor at Georgetown and one of her co-authors on "Legal Ethics," a casebook now in its eighth edition.
Lawyers' response to online comments sharply limited: ABA Formal Opinion 496
California: Duty to Prospective client – Proposed Formal Opinion Interim No. 17-0003


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Q: How do I list instances of a class based on an attribute? I'm sure my question has been asked before, but I can't find an example that relates to this particular problem.
My issue: I want to display chess pieces based on their color. Below is what I have:
class Grid(object):
    def __init__(grid, piece, color):

#Example pieces
A1 = Grid("White Rook", "White")
A2 = Grid("White Pawn", "White")
A3 = Grid("  ", "  ")
A4 = Grid("  ", "  ")
A7 = Grid("Black Pawn", "Black")
A8 = Grid("Black Rook", "Black")

My two methods that I then use are:
def SelectPiece():
    for grid in Grid():
        if grid.color == "White":
            print(f"{grid.piece}")

or
def SelectPiece():
    selection = Grid(color)
    if selection == "White":
        print(f"{grid.piece}")

I've tried various other methods, but the message more often than not is "type object 'Grid' has no attribute 'color'". So how can I list the names of pieces based on their attribute of what color they are?
Edit: My apologies as I may update the code quite a bit to better reflect what I have.

A: class Grid(object):
    def __init__(self, piece, colour):
        self.piece = piece
        self.colour = colour

#Example pieces
A1 = Grid("White Rook", "White")
A2 = Grid("White Pawn", "White")
A3 = Grid("  ", "  ")
A4 = Grid("  ", "  ")
A7 = Grid("Black Pawn", "Black")
A8 = Grid("Black Rook", "Black")

pieces = [A1, A2, A3, A4, A7, A8]

white_pieces = []
black_pieces = []

for i in pieces:
    if i.colour == "White":
        white_pieces.append(i.piece)
    elif i.colour == "Black":
        black_pieces.append(i.piece)

print(white_pieces)
print(black_pieces)

I think this will work.


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How Israel settles the West Bank
By Meade Thorpe Jr. Meade Thorpe Jr. is president of the Foundation for Middle East Peace, Washington, D. C.
Following the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, a formula for peace was accepted by the parties and supported by the United States. It provided that territories conquered by Israel, including the West Bank and Gaza, would be relinquished in return for peace and recognition.
In recent years the Arab world and the Palestinians have been moving toward acceptance of Israel, but the present Israeli government, by its aggressive policy of taking control of West Bank and Gaza lands and settling them with Israelis, is trying to ensure that Israel can never be forced to deliver its side of the bargain. Americans should be aware of how this settlements program functions and the degree to which our government assists its success.
The most recent of many land-taking techniques has increased the amount of West Bank and Gaza land under Israeli control from approximately 35 percent to an estimated 65 percent. It is the use of the old Turkish Land Code to claim for the state uninhabited lands which lie beyond the sound of human voice from the nearest village. The proof of ownership required of Palestinian claimants is almost impossible to satisfy.
Measures for inducing Jewish settlement of this land include its sale to Israeli developers for 5 percent of fair value, and grants and interest-free and nonindexed loans to home purchasers of up to $30,000. (At 140 percent annual inflation, the principal of a nonindexed loan, after six years, is less than 1 percent of what a fully indexed loan would be.) Further benefits (the conversion of loans to grants) are lost if#the ''settler'' leaves before five yuafs.
Other inducements include larger flats, immediate telephone service, child-care centers. I recently asked a young couple with a printing business why they moved from Tel Aviv to the West Bank. ''Very simple,'' was the reply. ''No taxes.''
Commentator 'El'azar Lebin observed recently in the newspaper Ha'aretz, ''The subsidy is so heavy and massive that it seems that only fools will not build their new homes here (the West Bank).''
The extraordinary intensity of the housing crisis in Israel assists the program. The government has no reason to spend money on housing in Israel when its objective is to get people to move to the West Bank.
World opinion holds that the most promising solution to the 60-year conflict over Palestine is to let the West Bank and Gaza become a Palestinian homeland where Palestinian culture can continue and with which 3 million dispersed Palestinians can identify. These territories represent only 20 percent of the contested land of Palestine. The 1.3 million Palestinians living there constitute 98 percent of the territories' population. The Israeli ''settler'' population currently is only 2 percent of the total. But, with the inducements described above, it is poised to explode.
Four US administrations prior to the Reagan administration termed the settlements ''illegal.'' President Reagan's Sept. 1 peace plan proposed a settlement ''freeze,''and the President stated that ''further settlement activity is in no way necessary for the security of Israel.'' Israel's response was additional settlements.
Despite Israel's rejection of the President's proposal, Congress improved the administration's aid package to Israel by $510 million (by changing $510 million of proposed loans to grants).
It is always stipulated that US aid will not be used to fund projects on the West Bank, but, since cash is fungible, such assurances are easily avoided.
It is not as if the Congress has not had the opportunity to focus on the relation between US aid and the settlements. Sen. Adlai Stevenson III, well informed on Middle East issues, sought in 1980 to have $150 million of aid - ''a conservative estimate of what the Israeli government is spending annually on its settlement program'' - withheld until Israel's settlement policy was more satisfactory to the President. Only six senators supported Stevenson.
It has been recently reported, and not denied, that Mr. Reagan himself has never discussed the settlements issue with Mr. Begin.
Former Israeli Supreme Court Justice Haim Cohen said, ''We hold (the West Bank) as trustees only. It is elementary knowledge that a trustee who takes for himself from the trust property is stealing in one of the ugliest ways.''
All the leading nations of the world consider Israel's settlements policy damaging to the peace process. The policy is highly controversial even within Israel and the American Jewish community. Americans profess to support a just peace for both the Israeli and Palestinian people, yet our leaders and elected representatives are unwilling to address this vital aspect of the problem. If they continue to lack resolve, they encourage more decades of strife and human suffering, and wars even more destructive than in the past.
First Look Palestinians protest US shift on settlements in 'day of rage'
First Look Why new building in Israeli settlements draws ire
First Look Israel's gesture for Palestinian homes


We all know peanuts and beer pair together quite nicely, however, they are not the only alcoholic beverage that bring out unexpected and inventive flavors when pairing. Food enthusiasts around the world are always being inspired to try new flavors and pairings, it is a staple in every culture. So, for those of you who are not so experienced and are new to flavor profiles and pairings, here is a quick guide to pair your favorite Hope & Harmony Farms peanut products with WINE!
The powerhouse of wine and peanut pairings are the sparkling wines (Champagne, Cava, Prosecco), which pairs wonderfully with sweet or spicy peanuts. Sparkling wine of most varieties is fantastic with salty foods, Hope & Harmony Farms recommends our Salted peanuts or our Cajun peanuts, both have just the right amount of salt to pair with the bubbles. If sparkling is not your wine of choice and prefer other whites we won't leave you out, there are plenty varieties that pair well with several of our flavors. Chardonnay is best characterized as fruity and buttery, with a velvety feel that's atypical to dry white wines. It has great acidity which is great for cutting the richness of creamy and decadent flavors. Hope & Harmony Farms Butter Toffee peanuts pair wonderfully.
Riesling is usually characterized as sweet, with intense fruit flavors. Riesling is a misunderstood wine, in the U.S. it varies a lot in style, and many produce a very sweet Riesling that has almost become the "norm" for Riesling style in the U.S. Truth is, Rieslings from Europe are often minimally sweet, and this wine's balance of acidity and sweetness makes it a very food-friendly option. The best thing about Riesling, is that it balances spice incredibly well, making it a perfect accompaniment to Thai food or other spicy food like Hope & Harmony Farms Southern Heat-Habanero peanuts or our Sriracha Virginia peanuts. Sauvignon blanc is best described as dry, tart and acidic with herbal flavors as well as tropical fruit. This crisp, lighter white wine is known for having a high level of acidity and a lot of citrus. It is a great wine to pair with dishes that are lighter yet still packed full of flavor, and the herbaceous qualities often found in the wine often bring out the herbs in a dish. We recommend Hope & Harmony Farms Sriracha Lime peanuts or our all NEW Salt & Vinegar peanuts, their tangy characteristics pair wonderfully with Sauvignon blanc.
Cabernet sauvignon is typically a very full-bodied wine with herbal notes. Cabernet is the red powerhouse of peanut pairings. It will go with almost any flavor of peanut, sweet or spicy. Try it with our Honey Roasted peanuts or our Salt & Pepper Virginia peanuts. The salt mixed with the richness of peanuts and the herbal notes of the wine mix together and leave your pallet completely satisfied. Merlot is fruity and spicy, it pairs well with Hope & Harmony Farms Peanut Brittle. The spices of the wine compliment the sweetness of the brittle wonderfully. Pairing with chocolate? Rule of thumb for wine and chocolate is to find a wine sweeter than your chocolate. So if you have a sweet red or white wine that you are having a hard time pairing try Hope & Harmony Farms Chocolate Covered Virginia peanuts or our Chocolate Covered Peanut Brittle.
Peanuts provide a healthy and unexpected opportunity to serve a quick, easy, and classy snack with wine. So if you are looking for a new flavorful snack for girls night, try pairing your favorite wine with our favorite peanuts.
Quick tip: If you are ever eating hard to pair foods, like salad or aspargaus, try chopping up a handful of Hope & Harmony Farms Virginia Peanuts (any flavor), it makes all the difference by providing a flavor anchor for the perfect wine pairing.


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'666 Park Avenue' sets flooded, "extensively damaged" by Sandy
Hurricane has caused considerable damage to the horror drama's Brooklyn sets.
By Morgan Jeffery
The sets for ABC drama 666 Park Avenue have been damaged by Hurricane Sandy.
The horror drama's set, located at Cine Magic Riverfront Studios in Brooklyn, was flooded when the storm hit the East Coast, according to Entertainment Weekly.
"I went to check them out on the night of the storm at 10pm and they were under 6 feet of water - the entire complex," said studio owner Peter Kapsalis. "It wasn't in very good shape."
Some sets were apparently completely destroyed in the storm, though others may be able to be salvaged.
"The main sets stayed in place even with the water rushing in [but] everything is extensively damaged," Kapsalis explained.
A number of television shows that shoot in New York - including Elementary, 30 Rock and Person of Interest - halted production ahead of Sandy's arrival earlier this week.
ABC is expected to make a decision regarding the future of 666 Park Avenue in the coming days - the network is yet to commit to more filmed episodes, but has commissioned a further two scripts to be written.
> Vanessa Williams on 666 Park Avenue: "I love a good thriller"
> Whoopi Goldberg to be guest star on 666 Park Avenue
Watch a promo for 666 Park Avenue below:
More From 666 Park Avenue
'666 Park Avenue' to air final episodes
What's in and out at ABC - Scorecard
'666 Park Avenue' comes to ITV2
'666 Park Avenue': Axed episodes to air
666 Park Avenue pulled from ABC schedule
'666 Park', 'Last Resort' tweak finales
'666 Park Avenue' cast react to axe
Vanessa Williams 'loves 666 Park'
Whoopi Goldberg for '666 Park Avenue'
Rachael Taylor joins '666 Park Avenue'


Are You The World's Greatest Dog Expert? Question 10 - Which breed of dog can't bark?
Are You The World's Greatest Dog Expert?
Which breed of dog can't bark?
Think you know all there is to know about dogs? Think again. We bet that at least one of these questions will have you chasing your tail!


It is my role to help businesses and property investors to source finance. Ping Finance acts as the middle-man that specialises in property finance, asset based lending and unsecured loans.
Richard Hepburn is the Operations Manager at Gorilla Accounting, a technology-driven accountancy firm, exclusively for contractors and freelancers operating through a Limited Company.


From the creator of The Ancient Magus' Bride comes a supernatural action manga in the vein of Fullmetal Alchemist With electrifying art and a gripping story, Frau Faust reimagines the protagonist of the classic tale who makes a deal with the devil as a tenacious female scholar.
Mephistopheles's right leg has been found, and it turns out that a member of the church has been using the leg's blood for nefarious purposes But behind the scenes lurks another demon. Now Johanna must thrust herself into battle to stop a girl who is no longer among the truly living... Will Johanna and her cohorts retrieve her demon's limb unscathed, or will they become dinner for the undead?


The Robert Ward Meteorite Collection consists hundreds of specimens from locations all around the globe. You can browse through the galleries here to see some of the more spectaular specimens in the collection.
My work life is dedicated to traveling every corner of the planet to recover new meteorite specimens. Sometimes these expeditions are to new fall or find locations, and these projects can last for weeks or months at a time.
If you have questions about Robert Ward Meteorites, or if you want to buy & trade meteorites, please use the form below to send me a message.
Robert Ward has a profound passion for science, and seeing meteorites he has personally recovered being used to advance scientific research, knowledge, and understanding is one of his greatest joys. Rarely seen without his cowboy boots and black Stetson hat, Robert is often referred to as the "Space Cowboy," and his private collection vault features specimens of virtually every known meteorite composition from all over the world.
We've added several new meteorites and more related expeditions to the website. Be sure to check back for new additions!
At Robert Ward Meteorites, we are focused on the location and preservation of meteorites. In the coming days, you will be able to browse through my meteorite collection and read accounts of my meteorite hunting expeditons around the world.
Visit our Iron from the Sky collection pages for information about previous expeditions and recovered specimens.


For a strictly limited season at Chapel Off Chapel in Prahran, VIC, audiences can fall in love with the Tony Award-winning NINE on October 12-28. Directed and choreographed by Michael Ralph, with musical direction by Nathan Firmin, NINE The Musical is a Broadway masterpiece not to be missed.
In this show, the spotlight is on famed Italian film director Guido Contini, who is suffering debilitating writer's block while facing a marriage breakdown in the middle of having a mid-life crisis. At the age of 40, Guido must call on the nine closest and most powerful women in his life to put him back on the road to success and happiness. Set in the romantic streets and canals of Venice, the story celebrates our mothers, our sisters, our teachers, our wives and our muses.
It's based on Federico Fellini's Academy Award-winning semi-autobiographical film 81/2. The musical premiered on Broadway in 1989, winning five Tony Awards, including Best Musical. In 2009, a film version of the musical was released, starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Judi Dench, Nicole Kidman, Sophia Loren, Penelope Cruz, Kate Hudson, Fergie and Marion Cotillard.
To book tickets to this Melbourne season, visit bit.ly/NINEtickets.


Looking for a Summer Camps in Front Royal, VA ? Here, you will find a comprehensive list of Front Royal, VA Summer Camps . Summer Camps in Front Royal, VA are encouraged to take advantage of our business listing options. If you know a Summer Camps in Front Royal, VA, please share this page with them.


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The "Other" Santa Photos
A child (above) wearing a Santa mask in what appears to be summer, turning her into a suburban gnome.
Above, one of my all-time favorite department store Santa Claus photos.
In this snapshot from wartime Germany (above left) check out the picture on the wall. Their tradition was Kris Kringle, a supposedly Santa-type fellow who came in the night bearing gifts. Yikes!
And this department store Santa (above), with the full mask on, next to the Samsonite luggage. Eeek!
Have a happy holiday 2011!
An AM repost from 12/25/08
Posted by John Foster at 7:59 AM 8 comments:
Labels: anonymous modernist snapshots, bad santa's, found photos, found snapshots, vernacular photography
Defaced
If you haven't been to the Web site Square America, you are missing something. This site is, hands down, the most complete, most extensive Web site on vernacular photography on the web today. The collector, Nicholas Osborn, is a devoted collector. He has thousands of images— and I am telling you, there are great pics to view. He has divided the site into multiple categories. There are photos categories on Sleep, Love, Orphans, Costume, Dance, Photobooth, and on and on. Plus, he has a great book available for purchase "Who We Were: A Snapshot History of America"—just $35.00. Seriously, for a book like this—it is a great price. I own it, and it's great.
An AM repost from 1/08/09
Labels: anonymous snapshots, book, Nicholas Osborne, Square America, vernacular photos, Who We Were
Vogue Picture Records: Vinyl Romance
(Top 2 Images Above, Sides 1 and 2): Vogue R 771. If I Could Be With You (Henry Creamer and Jimmy Johnson) b/w Jeannine (L. Wolfe Gilbert, Nathaniel Shilkret). Performed by Art Kassel and his orchestra.
(Top 2 Images Above, Sides 1 and 2): Vogue R 758. You're Gonna Hate Yourself in the Mornin' (Sammy Gallop, Larry Stock, Ira Schuster) b/w Long, Strong and Consecutive (Mac David, Duke Ellington). Performed by Marion Mann accompanied by Bob Haggart and his orchestra.
(Top 2 Images Above, Sides 1 and 2): Vogue R 721. When I Gets to Where I'm Goin' (Jack Edwards, Duke Leonard, and Sam Braverman) b/w You're Only in My Arms (to cry on my shoulder) (Ed G. Nelson, Milton Leeds and Steve Nelson. Performed by Patsy Montana.
(Top 2 Images Above, Sides 1 and 2): Vogue R 731: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (Ted Koehler, Harold Arlen) b/w You Took Advantage of Me (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers). Performed by Marion Mann accompanied by Bob Haggart and his orchestra.
(Top 2 Images Above, Sides 1 and 2) Vogue R 734. Sweetheart (Benny Davis, Arnold Johnson) b/w A Little Consideration (Sunny Skylar). Performed by Art Kassel and his Orchestra.
VOGUE PICTURE RECORDS ARE PHONOGRAPH RECORDS on the "Vogue" label which have a picture (an artist's illustration) embedded in the transparent vinyl of the record. The illustrations on each side of the record are usually related to the title of the song on that side. Many of the illustrations are mushy romantic themes. The most common Vogue picture records are 10-inch, 78 RPM records, although a few 12-inch, 78 RPM Vogue picture records were also produced.
Vogue picture records were produced by Sav-Way Industries of Detroit, Michigan. The first 10-inch Vogue picture record (catalog number R707) was released to the public in May 1946. Production ceased less than a year later in April 1947, with Sav-Way entering into receivership in August 1947. During this time, approximately seventy-four different 10-inch Vogue picture records were released.
Vogue picture records were of a very high quality, with little surface noise. The records were produced using a complicated process whereby a central core aluminum disc was sandwiched between the paper illustrations and vinyl. Perfecting this process took quite a while; Tom Saffady and his engineers spent several months working out the bugs that often resulted in torn or dislodged paper illustrations.
When Sav-Way entered into receivership all remaining stock was liquidated through distributors. This is the source of all those "Factory Reject" and "Vogue Second" records that are seen. It is reported that many of the left-over records were melted down to recycle the aluminum used in the core of the record.
Copy source above © AVPRC (The Association of Vogue Picture Record Collectors)
Images © Department of Special Collections, Donald C. Davidson Library; University of California, Santa Barbara; Visit here.
An AM repost from 6-1-09
Labels: Art Kassel and His Orchestra, picture records, Sav-Way Industries, The Association of Vogue Picture Record Collectors, Tom Saffady, Vogue Picture Records, Vogue records
The Beautiful Obsession of Snowflake Bentley
Wilson "Snowflake" Bentley (1865-1931)
Snow was a blessing for Bentley, who devoted his life to showing the beauty and individuality of snowflakes.
ANYONE WHO DEVOTES THEIR LIFE in the pursuit of a dream is my kind of person. The biologist who spent his entire life identifying rare species of frogs; the dedicated artist who pursues their work in spite of economic or other stresses; or the adventurer who has studied ship manifests and ancient maps in a search for a lost shipwreck. Even if ending in failure, courageous souls like these give the rest of us cause to reevaluate our own lives and to ask perhaps, at the end, did I do a single thing in my life worth being remembered for? Did I make a difference? Did I add to the beauty or enlightenment of the world—did I give something back?
To that end, today I want to bring to your attention the life-long work of Wilson A. Bentley (1865-1931), who lived in the small country town of Jericho, Vermont. His life-long pursuit of photographing snowflakes earned him the affectionate nickname "Snowflake" Bentley. It was his passion and dedication to prove that "no two snowflakes are alike." He did indeed leave something behind—something wonderful.
At first, Bentley tried drawing snowflakes, but when that didn't work he turned to photography. Through much trial and error, he finally succeeded by adapting a microscope to a bellows camera, eventually becoming the first person to photograph a single snow crystal in 1885.
He would go on to capture more than 5000 snowflakes during his lifetime, not finding any two alike. His snow crystal photo-micrographs were acquired by colleges and universities throughout the world and he published many articles for magazines and journals including, Scientific American and National Geographic.
Today, original photographs by Bentley are worth several thousand dollars, if you can find one.
In 1931 his book "Snow Crystals," containing more than 2400 snow crystal images, was published by McGraw-Hill but has long been out of print. A soft cover copy, identical in all respects, can be obtained today from Dover Publications, Inc. On December 23, 1931, Bentley died at the family farmhouse in Jericho.
Labels: Snow Crystals, Snowflake Bentley, Wilson A. Bentley


Theodore Koterwas seeks to make things resonate. Schooled by decades of public exhibition, performance, and user testing, he collaborates with scientists, researchers, academics, writers, artists and musicians to create installations, apps and websites to engage people in novel and compelling ways.
He leads the Web and Mobile Applications development team at the University of Oxford [projects]. Previous gigs include directing New Media exhibit development at the Exploratorium [projects].
As a musician he played drums in several bands you've never heard of, and bass, samples and noisy electronics in a similarly obscure solo project The Foundling Wheel.
Smartphone app brings the University of Oxford's Musical Instrument Collections to life by providing playable versions of the instruments.
An iBeacon powered scavenger hunt through the Oxford University Museum of Natural History around themes of evolution.


Be a VIP this Christmas!
Join us in the Parkside Suite at one of our Festive Fixtures this year for a Xmas day out with clients, work colleagues or friends & family.
Why not join us for your 'Christmas do'? Indulge in the festivities as Hospitality Partners Twelve Restaurant serve a delicious 3 course Xmas meal and our team of waitresses serve you all your favourite beers, wine and cocktails.
Boxing Day football returns with a North-West Derby against high-flying Bury in an encounter which produced nine goals in the 15/16 season, can the Cod Army take another 6 points off them this year?
Be there for the introduction of New Year's Eve football, watch in style as Uwe Rosler's men take on Oldham in another North-West Derby.
Why not pre-order a drinks package? Wine/champagne packages available – please enquire for details.
We hope to see you for a fantastic VIP experience this Christmas at Highbury Stadium.
Bookings now being taken – Visit FTFCStore.com/hospitality.aspx to book, or call the Commercial Team 01253 775080 option 2.


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Supporting teens as they explore their curiosity online
Internet Matters Team | June 3rd, 2019
We work collaboratively across industry, government and with schools to reach UK families with tools, tips and resources to help children benefit from connected technology smartly and safely.
Vicky shares her experience of managing her child's natural curiosity into sex online and ways she found worked for her.
Senior school can often mean big changes in a child's Internet habits. That's certainly the experience of Vicky and her son Nathan, who started secondary school a year ago.
Nathan is 13 and when he started senior school, his parents bought him a laptop for homework. He also has access to other technology in the house, like a Google Assistant and Xbox.
Managing teen's curiosity online
"We really noticed the change when Nathan was 11, and kids at school would be telling him to look up certain things on Google," says Vicky. "It was by chance that I checked his search history and found what he'd been looking for – naked girls of his own age. Fortunately, his spelling is very poor so what he was looking for didn't actually show up in the search history."
Vicky and her husband had bought Nathan a Chrome laptop, with Nathan's Google account being "mirrored" on Vicky's own laptop. This meant she was able to check his search history, and see web pages that were being accessed.
Addressing the issue of online pornography
Rather than being angry, Vicky tried to keep the situation light, and understand Nathan's natural curiosity. "I explained the terms he was searching for could create big problems. I said I could understand why he might want to see naked girls, and why he would look for girls of his own age, but that he needed to be very careful. I think the realisation that we could see his search history was enough."
Nathan's original reaction was to be very embarrassed. "He was very upset and didn't want to talk about it, which I could understand," says Vicky.
Having an open conversation
Vicky considers herself to be well informed about technology and has accessed advice on websites such as the BBC. Despite this, she thinks you can't always stop children from finding inappropriate content. "I think you can have advice from all directions, but it won't stop children from going looking," she says. "I think it's more important to have an open dialogue with your child and discuss what issues may occur. I also worry that talking about it in school may just drive children to look at things more, because they get curious."
As Nathan has got older, he has continued to use the Internet and find ways to test the boundaries. For example, on one occasion he was able to look up strippers in a video game via YouTube. "Because it's a popular game, the content videos aren't restricted, and that's allowed children to access adult content," explains Vicky. It's a similar story on Instagram, where mature content is not restricted unless parents put specific filters in place.
View on Age Verification law
At the moment, Vicky is unconvinced that age verification legislation will make a big difference. "I think most smart children that use computers will find a way around it if they want to," she says. "The big YouTubers are all advertising VPN software that will bypass lots of EU regulations, and a quick look through the comments means you can find out about how to bypass various controls and restrictions."
The best advice Vicky says she would give to other parents is in continuing to have open conversations. "We don't make anything off-limits or taboo. At the same time, I do have access to his Google account and all of his social media, and Nathan is aware of that."
Understanding the dangers to offer the right advice
Vicky also advises parents to do their research. "It's so important to understand the dangers and talk to other parents openly," she says. "There may be things you've not thought of, and sometimes making a topic seem taboo might be the worst thing."
Having open conversations has allowed Nathan to avoid some issues entirely. For example, as an online gaming fan, Nathan was occasionally contacted by chatbots pretending to be attractive women. "What's great is that Nathan tells me when he's had messages, and he understands they're fake, and blocks them right away," says Vicky. "We've also talked about video chat sites like Chat Roulette, which are often talked about on YouTube."
Vicky is a married Mum with one teenage son who lives in Yorkshire.
New Instagram cyberbullying prevention tools launched
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Sales - Henry & co. Henry & co.
With over 35 years servicing the South Florida area Henry And Co can fill all your generator needs from minor repairs to complete custom installations. Our specialists will provide straightforward answers to all your questions.Get detailed information on our fields of expertise by calling 954 630-3880. In addition to emergency generator maintenance and repair, we offer best customer support for our valued customers.


The Antique Brass Organic Globe Chandelier is a festival of orbs within an orb. Made up of curvaceous wire structures tipped with tiny globes, the arcing pieces of metal envelope the fixture's 11 lights to reflect textural patterns on surrounding surfaces. As playful as it is sophisticated, this chandelier can span a surprising number of design styles, from traditional and transitional to modern and boho chic. We also offer the Organic Globe in a nickel finish and in larger versions in antique brass and nickel.