Mark Anthony Taylor, AO (born 27 October 1964 in Leeton, New South Wales; nicknamed "Tubby" or "Tubs" is a former Australian cricket player and Test opening batsman from 1988 to 1999, as well as captain from 1994 to 1999, succeeding Allan Border. He was widely regarded as an instrumental component in Australia's rise to Test cricket dominance, and his captaincy was regarded as adventurous and highly effective. However, he was considered less than ideal for One-Day International cricket and was eventually dropped as one-day captain after a 0–3 drubbing at the hands of England in 1997.
He moved to Wagga Wagga in 1972 and played for Lake Albert Cricket Club. His debut was for New South Wales in 1985.
He retired from Test cricket on 2 February 1999. In 104 Test matches, he scored 7,525 runs with a batting average of 43.49, including 19 centuries and 40 fifties. He was also an excellent first slip – his 157 catches, at the time, a Test record (now held by Rahul Dravid). In contrast to his predecessor Allan Border, who acquired the nickname 'Captain Grumpy', Taylor won plaudits for his always cheerful and positive demeanour. His successor, Steve Waugh, further honed the Australian team built by Border and Taylor and went on to set numerous records for victories as captain. Having been named Australian of the Year in 1999, he is now a cricket commentator for the Nine Network.
The second of three children born to bank manager Tony Taylor, and his wife Judy, Mark Taylor's early years were spent at Wagga Wagga, where his family relocated when he was eight. His father had a sporting background, playing first grade rugby in Newcastle. The young Taylor preferred Australian rules football and cricket. He learned to bat in the family garage, with his father throwing cork balls to him. Taylor idolised Arthur Morris, the left-handed opening batsmen from New South Wales who led the aggregates on the 1948 "Invincibles" tour of England.
Taylor played for his primary school as an opening batsman, and made his first century at the age of thirteen for the Lake Albert club at Bolton Park in Wagga. His family then moved to the north shore of Sydney, where he joined Northern District in Sydney Grade Cricket. Completing his secondary education at Chatswood High School, he later obtained a degree in surveying at the University of New South Wales. Along with the Waugh twins, Steve and Mark, Taylor played in under-19 youth internationals for Australia against Sri Lanka in 1982–83.
Taylor made his Sheffield Shield debut in 1985–86 when NSW was depleted by the defection of regular openers Steve Smith and John Dyson to a rebel tour of South Africa. Opening with fellow debutant Mark Waugh, he scored 12 and 56 not out against Tasmania. His first season was highlighted by home and away centuries against South Australia in a total of 937 runs at 49.31 average. He had a lean season in 1987–88, after which he spent the English summer with Greenmount, helping them to win their first Bolton League title by scoring more than 1,300 runs at an average of 70.
He originally trained as a surveyor, and received a degree in surveying from the University of New South Wales in 1987.
Solid form for NSW in 1988–89 resulted in Taylor's selection for his Test debut in the Fourth Test against the West Indies at the SCG, replacing middle-order batsman Graeme Wood. For three years, the opening combination of Geoff Marsh and David Boon had been successful for Australia. However, team coach Bob Simpson wanted a left and right-handed opening combination, and stability added to the middle order. Therefore, the left-handed Taylor partnered the right-handed Marsh, while Boon batted at number three. Taylor's safe catching at slip was also a factor in his selection. He made 25 and 3 in a winning team, then was run out twice in the Fifth Test. A first-class aggregate of 1,241 runs (at 49.64 average) for the season earned him a place on the 1989 Ashes tour.
Beginning with a century at Headingley in his First Test against England, Taylor amassed 839 runs at 83.90 in the six Tests: the second best aggregate in an Ashes series in England, behind Don Bradman's 974 runs in 1930. He occupied the crease for a total of 38 hours, more than six full days of play. The highlight of his tour was the Fifth Test at Trent Bridge when he and Geoff Marsh became the first pair to bat throughout a day's play of Test cricket in England, amassing 301 runs. Taylor made 219 in a partnership of 329, an Ashes record. He finished with 71 and 48 in the Sixth Test to overtake Neil Harvey for the third-highest series aggregate in Test history and totalled 1,669 first-class runs for the tour. Australia won the series 4–0 to regain the Ashes. However, Taylor was overlooked for selection in the ODIs.
Returning to Australia, Taylor made 1,403 first-class runs at 70.15 during the 1989–90 season, and ended 1989 with 1,219 Test runs, thus becoming the first player to better one thousand Test runs in his debut calendar year, something only matched once by England opener Alastair Cook over 15 years later. In Taylor's first nine Tests, Australia passed 400 in the first innings. He scored centuries in successive Tests against Sri Lanka, and against Pakistan his scores were 52 and 101 at the MCG, 77 and 59 at the Adelaide Oval and an unbeaten 101 at Sydney. Australia won both series 1–0. In just over twelve months, he had amassed 1,618 runs at 70.35. This outstanding start to his career earned Taylor nomination as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1990. At the season's end, he demonstrated his leadership abilities for the first time. Standing in as NSW captain in place of the injured Geoff Lawson for the 1989–90 Sheffield Shield final in Sydney, Taylor scored 127 and 100. NSW won by 345 runs to secure its 40th title.
A year after his Test debut, Taylor was selected to make his ODI debut, which came on Boxing Day of 1989 against Sri Lanka. He made 11 as Australia won by 30 runs. He was selected for nine of Australia's ten ODIs for the season's triangular tournament, scoring 294 runs at 32.66 with two half-centuries. His highest score of 76 came as Australia defeated Pakistan by 69 runs to clinch the finals series in Sydney. The season ended with ODI tournaments in New Zealand and Sharjah. He played six of the eight matches, scoring 222 runs at 37.00 with two half-centuries, but was dropped for the final in New Zealand.
Taylor experienced a slump during the 1990–91 Ashes series. After making two-half centuries in the first two Tests, he failed to pass 20 in the last three and finished with 213 runs at 23.66 in a team that won 3–0. He found himself on the outer for the ODI triangular tournament, missing all eight of the preliminary matches before returning to score 41 and 71 as Australia won the finals 2–0.
His moderate form continued during the 1991 tour of the West Indies, where he was selected in only two of the five ODIs, scoring three and five. He ended the run with a rear-guard innings of 76 in the second innings of the Fourth Test at Barbados. Despite his effort, Australia lost and the West Indies took an unassailable lead of 2–0. In the Fifth Test St. Johns, Antigua, Australia gained a consolation victory due mainly to Taylor's scores of 59 and 144 (out of a total of 265). This late rush of form boosted his average for the series to 49. In late 1991, before the Australian season started, Taylor was appointed to lead an Australia A side to tour Zimbabwe. The team was composed of younger Test players and other young players who were seeking to break into international cricket. The selectors were attempting to groom Taylor as a potential replacement for Border.
During the 1991–92 Australian season, Taylor batted consistently in a 4–0 series victory over India. He scored 94 and 35* in a ten-wicket win at Brisbane. He scored half-centuries in each of the next two Tests before striking 100 in the second innings of the Fourth Test at Adelaide. It helped Australia to wipe out a first innings deficit of 80 and set up a winning target. His opening partner Marsh was dropped for the Fifth Test, so the selectors elevated Taylor to the vice-captaincy of the team. Over the next twelve months, a number of players were tried as Taylor's opening partner. Taylor struggled in his first match with new partner Wayne B. Phillips, scoring two and 16. Nevertheless, he had scored 422 runs at 46.89. Taylor continued to be overlooked by the selectors in the shorter version of the game, missing selection for all of the season's triangular tournament. He was selected for the squad for the 1992 Cricket World Cup held on home soil, and after Australia lost its first two matches, Taylor was recalled for his first ODI in 12 months. He made 13 as Australia beat India by one run, but scored his first ODI duck in the next match as England won by eight wickets. He was dropped for the remainder of the tournament.
On the 1992 tour of Sri Lanka, Taylor struggled in scoring 148 runs at 24.67. After scoring 42 and 43 in Australia's win in the First Test, Taylor failed to again pass 30. With new opening partner Tom Moody also struggling with 71 runs at 11.83, Australia frequently struggled at the top of their innings. He played in all three ODIs, scoring 138 runs at 46.00. His 94 in the first match was his highest score in ODIs to that point.
Against the West Indies in 1992–93, Taylor was now opening alongside David Boon with Moody having been dropped. Taylor was ineffective and failed to pass fifty in the first four Tests. After Australia failed by one run to win the Fourth Test and thus the series, Taylor was dropped for the deciding Test at Perth, having failed to make double figures in either innings. In his absence, Australia lost by an innings in three days and conceded the series 1–2. He had scored 170 runs at 24.29 for the series. However, he played all of Australia's ten ODIs, scoring 286 runs at 28.60 with two half-centuries.
As a result of the innings defeat in Perth, Taylor was immediately recalled for the tour of New Zealand, where he scored 82 in the First Test at Christchurch to help Australia to an innings victory. He then scored 50 in the drawn Second Test and bowled for the first time at Test level, taking 0/15. He failed to pass 20 in the Third Test and ended the series with 148 runs at 37.00 as the home side squared the series. Australia then played five ODIs in New Zealand before starting the England tour with three more. Taylor played in all eight, scoring 307 runs at 38.38 with four half-centuries.
The problem of finding him a long-term partner was solved on the tour of England that followed. NSW batsman Michael Slater, who also grew up in Wagga Wagga, made his debut in the First Test of the 1993 Ashes series. In the First Test at Old Trafford, Taylor made 124 after an opening partnership of 128, as Australia managed only 289 after being sent in. Australia managed to scrape out a lead of 79, before going on to a 179-run win.
This was followed by a stand of 260 at Lord's in the Second Test, with Taylor making 111. In the process, he passed 1000 Test runs against England and the partnership broke the Ashes partnership record at Lord's, which had been set by Bill Woodfull and Don Bradman in 1930. The partnership laid the platform for Australia's total of 4/632, as the tourists proceeded to an innings victory.
His scoring was more sedate in the remaining Tests as Australia won 4–1, and he finished with 428 runs at 42.80. He passed 30 only once more, with 70 in the first innings of the Sixth Test at The Oval.
Against New Zealand in 1993–94, Taylor made 64 and 142 not out in the First Test at Perth, which ended in a draw. He then scored 27 and 53 as Australia won the next two Tests by an innings, totalling 286 runs at 95.33 in three Tests as Australia won 2–0. In the rain-affected Boxing Day Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Taylor played his 50th Test and celebrated with 170 against South Africa, the first Test between the two countries since 1970. This made him the first batsman to score centuries on Test debut against four countries. In addition, he passed 4,000 Test runs during the innings. Taylor had scored more than 1,000 Test runs for the calendar year, ending with 1106 runs Taylor scored 62 in the Third Test, his only other half-century for the series, which he ended with 304 runs at 60.80.
On the reciprocal tour of South Africa at the end of the season, Taylor missed a Test because of injury for the only time in his career. Matthew Hayden filled in for the First Test in Johannesburg, which Australia lost. On his return for the Second Test at Cape Town, he scored 70 and ended the series with 97 runs at 24.25. Both series were drawn 1–1.
After the retirement of Allan Border, Taylor was appointed captain.
Frequently omitted from the ODI team due to slow scoring, Taylor missed the finals of the ODI series in Australia against South Africa. On the tour of South Africa, he missed three consecutive ODIs when tour selectors and fellow players Ian Healy and Steve Waugh voted him off the team. In all, Taylor had only played in 11 of Australia's 19 ODIs for the season, scoring 281 runs at 25.55. Taylor requested an extended trial as opener for the ODI side to help consolidate his captaincy of both teams.
Taylor started his ODI captaincy with two tournaments in Sharjah and Sri Lanka. Australia missed the finals in both tournaments, winning three of their six matches. After scoring 68* to guide his team to a nine-wicket win in the first match against Sri Lanka in Sharjah, Taylor's form tapered off, scoring only 64 more runs to end the two tournaments with a total of 132 runs at 33.00.
His first task was a tour of Pakistan in 1994, where Australia had not won a Test since the 1959. To make matters worse, Australia's first-choice pace pairing of Craig McDermott and Merv Hughes missed the tour due to injury. The First Test at Karachi was a personal disaster for Taylor as he scored a pair, the first player in Test history to do so on his captaincy debut. Paceman Glenn McGrath then broke down in the middle of the match. Australia was in the box seat with Pakistan needing 56 runs with one wicket in hand, but lost by one wicket after Ian Healy missed a stumping opportunity and the ball went for the winning runs. Recovering to score 69 in the Second Test at Rawalpindi, Taylor forced Pakistan to follow on after taking a 261-run lead. However, he dropped Pakistan captain Salim Malik when he was on 20. Malik went on to make 237 as Pakistan made 537 and saved the Test. Australia again took a first innings lead in the Third Test, but could not force a result, as Malik scored another second innings century to ensure safety and a 1–0 series win. Taylor ended the series with 106 runs at 26.50. Australia fared better in the ODI triangular tournament, winning five of their six matches. Taylor scored 56 in the final as Australia beat Pakistan by 64 runs to end the tournament with 193 runs at 32.16.
Beginning the 1994–95 season with 150 for NSW in a tour match against the England, Taylor followed up with 59 in an opening stand of 97 as Australia made 426 in the first innings to take the initiative in the First Test in Brisbane. Australia amassed a 259-run first innings lead, but Taylor, mindful of the Test match at Rawalpindi, became the first Australian captain since 1977–78 to not enforce the follow-on. Although heavily criticised as a conservative decision, Australia still won the match by 184 runs, with Taylor adding 58 in the second innings. Having scored the first win of his Test captaincy, Taylor led his team to a 295-run win in the Second Test.
Taylor played his best cricket of the summer in the Third Test at Sydney. Last man out for 49 in a total of 116 in the first innings, he defied a pitch that had begun to seam and swing after a shower and cloud cover as Australia narrowly avoided the follow on. In the second innings, he made a bold attempt at chasing a world record target of 449 by scoring 113, but Australia played for a draw after Slater and Taylor fell following double-century stand. Australia collapsed to 7/292 before hanging on in near-darkness. In the final two Tests, he scored half-centuries as Australia won 3–1. Australia dramatically lost the Fourth Test when England led by only 154 on the final day with four wickets in hand. Aggressive lower order batting saw Australia set 328 in just over two sessions, but a heavy collapse saw Australia eight wickets down with more than hours to play. Almost two hours of resistance later, England took a 106-run win late in day. However, Australia bounced back to win the Fifth Test by 329 runs, the largest margin of the series. Taylor's partnership with Slater yielded three century opening stands at an average of 76.60 for the series and Taylor's individual return was 471 runs at 47.10.
The southern hemisphere summer ended with a quadrangular tournament in New Zealand, where Australia won two of their three group matches to proceed to the final. Taylor scored 44 in a six-wicket triumph over New Zealand and totalled 165 runs at 41.25. His best score was 97 against the hosts in the preliminary round meant that he was still yet to post his first ODI century, five years after his debut.
This victory was followed by the 1995 tour of the West Indies, where Australia had not won a Test series for 22 years. Australia lost the ODI series which preceded the Tests 1–4, with Taylor making 152 runs at 30.40. The difficulty of Australia's task was increased when fast bowlers Craig McDermott and Damien Fleming went home injured at the start of the tour. Australia fielded a pace attack of Glenn McGrath, Brendon Julian and Paul Reiffel who had played only 23 Tests between them. Despite this, Australia won by ten wickets in the first Test at Barbados, with Taylor contributing a half-century. After the Second Test was a rained-out draw, the West Indies beat Australia inside three days on a "green" Trinidad pitch in the Third Test. Australia regained the Frank Worrell Trophy with an innings victory in the Fourth Test at Jamaica, with Taylor taking the winning catch from the bowling of Shane Warne. Although he only managed 153 runs (at 25.50 average) for the series, Taylor held nine catches and his leadership was cited as a key factor in the result.
This was followed by two and three-Test series against Pakistan and Sri Lanka respectively in the 1995–96 Australian season. The Pakistan series began among a media circus when Salim Malik arrived with publicity focused on the bribery allegations which had surfaced a year earlier. Australia won the First Test in Brisbane by an innings in three and a half days, with Taylor contributing 69. In the Second Test at Bellerive Oval, Taylor scored 123 in the second innings to set up a winning total. In the Third Test in Sydney, he made 59 as Australia collapsed for 172 in the second innings and conceded the match. He ended the series with a healthy 338 runs at 67.60.
The subsequent Test and ODI series involving Sri Lanka were overshadowed by a series of spiteful clashes. The Tests were won 3–0 by the Australians with heavy margins of an innings, ten wickets and 148 runs respectively. Taylor's highlight being a 96 in the First Test at Perth as he compiled 159 runs at 39.75. He also made his 100th Test catch during the series. After accusations of ball tampering were levelled against the tourists in the First Test, leading spinner Muttiah Muralitharan was no-balled seven times in the Second Test, and during the ODI series, the Sri Lankans accused Taylor's men of cheating. The season hit a low point with the Sri Lankans which saw the teams refuse to shake hands at the end of the second final of the triangular series which Australia won 2–0. The match had included physical jostling between McGrath and Sanath Jayasuriya mid pitch, with the latter accusing McGrath of making racist attacks. Later in the match, stump microphones showed Australian wicketkeeper Ian Healy alleging that portly Sri Lankan captain Arjuna Ranatunga was feigning injury and calling for a runner because of his lack of physical fitness.
On the field, the ODI tournament saw Mark Waugh elevated to be Taylor's ODI opening partner after the axing of Slater mid-way through the season. In their first match together in Perth, the pair put on 190??, with Taylor scoring 85. They put on another century stand in the second final, with Taylor scoring 82. Taylor scored heavily in the ODI tournament, with 423 runs at 42.30 with four half-centuries. Australia warmed up for the 1996 Cricket World Cup by winning five of their eight round-robin matches, and taking the finals 2–0, but many of the matches were closely contested. The finals were won by 18 and nine runs respectively, while three of the group matches were decided in the last over.
After the spiteful summer, a Tamil Tiger bombing in Colombo coupled with death threats to some members of the team forced Taylor to forfeit his team's scheduled World Cup match against Sri Lanka in Colombo. Taylor made six as Australia started their campaign with a 97-run win over Kenya. He then made 59 in a century stand with Waugh as Australia defeated co-hosts India in Mumbai. Taylor scored 34 in a nine-wicket win over Zimbabwe, before scoring nine in a defeat to the West Indies in the last group match. Australia finished second in their group and faced New Zealand in the quarter-finals. Taylor made only 10 as Australia chased 289 for victory, but made a surprise tactic by sending in Shane Warne as a pinch hitter. Warne made 24 from 15 balls in a partnership with Waugh, to allow Australia to take the momentum and take victory by six wickets. Taylor managed only one in the semi-final as Australia staggered to 8/207 against the West Indies. Australia appeared to be heading out of the tournament when the Caribbean team reached 2/165, but a sudden collapse saw Australia win by six runs in the last over.
Australia managed to reach the final, where they met Sri Lanka. Taylor scored 74, a record score by an Australian captain in the World Cup, but Sri Lanka comfortably triumphed on this occasion by seven wickets to claim the trophy. In another spiteful encounter, some players refused to shake hands after the match. Ranatunga, having declared before the match that Australian leg spinner Shane Warne was overrated, struck a six from a misexecuted flipper which turned into a full toss and promptly stuck out his tongue at the spinner.
After the World Cup, Bob Simpson was replaced as Australia's coach by Geoff Marsh, Taylor's former opening partner. Australia's first tournament after the World Cup was the Singer World Series in Sri Lanka. Taylor opted out of the tournament, and in his absence, Australia reached the final but lost by 50 runs to the hosts.
On a short tour to India, Taylor made his first ODI century at Bangalore, with 105 against India in his 98th match, having been out in the 90s on three previous occasions. Taylor performed strongly in the ODIs, with a total of 302 runs at 60.40. However, it was a disappointing tour for the team; the solitary Test in Delhi was lost, as were all five ODIs played during the Titan Cup.
In 1996–97, Australia confirmed its ascendancy over the West Indies with a 3–2 series win, but Taylor endured a poor season with the bat and failed to pass 50 in nine innings. His partnership with Slater was terminated when the latter was dropped, replaced by Matthew Elliott. Following an injury to Elliott, Matthew Hayden became Taylor's partner for three Tests.
Unable to recover form in the ODI series, Taylor's scratchy batting led to many poor starts for Australia. The team suffered five consecutive defeats, and missed the finals of the tournament for the first time in 17 years. Taylor managed only 143 runs at 17.88 with a highest score of 29.
The early 1997 tour to South Africa brought no upturn in Taylor's batting despite Australia's 2–1 victory in the series: he scored 80 runs at 16.00. His form was such that it influenced the selection of the team. For the Second Test at Port Elizabeth, played on a green pitch, Australia played Michael Bevan as a second spinner batting at number seven to reinforce the batting, instead of a third seamer to exploit the conditions. After scoring seven and 17 in the first two ODIs, Taylor dropped himself from the team for the remaining five matches.
The 1997 Ashes tour started poorly amid rumours that Taylor was on the verge of losing his place in the side. He batted ineffectively as Australia lost the one day series 0–3, scoring seven and 11, before dropping himself for the final match. In the First Test, Australia were dismissed for 118 in the first innings, with Taylor contributing seven: he had not managed to pass 50 in his last 21 Test innings. England amassed a big lead of 360 runs. With Australia facing a heavy defeat, media criticism of his position intensified. The Melbourne Age ran a competition for its readers to forecast how many runs he would make. Most respondents guessed less than 10 runs. The team's erstwhile coach, Bob Simpson, said that Taylor's retention in the team in spite of his poor form was fostering resentment among the players and destabilising the team.
Taylor started nervously in the second innings, but went on to score of 129, which saved his career, but not the match. His performance prompted personal congratulations from Prime Minister John Howard and the team's management allowed the media a rare opportunity to enter the dressing room and interview Taylor. During the period he refused offers by the manager to handle the media on his behalf. Australia went on to win the Third, Fourth and Fifth Tests and retain the Ashes 3–2. Although Taylor made single figures in the three Tests following his century, he contributed 76 and 45 in the series-clinching Test at Nottingham. Taylor ended the series with 317 runs at 31.7.
However, Taylor's ODI form was not to the satisfaction of the selectors. At the start of the 1997–98 season, a new selection policy was announced: the Test and ODI teams became separate entities, with specialists in each form of the game selected accordingly. Taylor was dropped from the ODI team, in favour of the aggressive Michael di Venuto. Tactically, ODI cricket was transformed by Sri Lanka's World Cup success, when it employed the highly aggressive opening pair of Sanath Jayasuriya and Romesh Kaluwitharana.
At this time, Taylor was a central figure in a pay dispute between the players and the ACB, with a strike action threatened by the players. Taylor continued as Test captain and led the team to a 2–0 win over New Zealand. The first two matches were won by 186 runs and an innings, while the Third Test ended with Australia one wicket from victory after almost two day's play was washed out. Taylor scored a century (112 on the first day of the First Test, and an unbeaten 66 in the Third Test, compiling 214 runs at 53.50 for the series. This was followed by three Tests against South Africa. After South Africa withheld the Australian bowling on the final day to secure a draw in the Boxing Day Test, Australia took a 1–0 lead in the New Year's Test at Sydney with an innings victory. Taylor carried his bat for 169 in the first innings of the Third Test at Adelaide which helped Australia to draw the match and clinch the series.
On the 1998 tour of India, Elliott was dropped and Taylor reunited with Slater as the opening pair. Australia started well by taking a 71-run first innings lead in the First Test at Chennai, but Sachin Tendulkar's unbeaten 155 put Australia under pressure to save the match on the final day. They were unable to resist and lost by 179 runs. Australia was crushed by an innings and 219 runs in the Second Test at Calcutta, Australia first series loss in four years and the first time that Australia had lost by an innings for five years. Thus, a series victory in India, which Australia had not achieved since 1969–70, remained elusive. Australia won the Third Test in Bangalore by eight wickets, with Taylor scoring an unbeaten 102 in a second innings run chase.
Later in 1998, Taylor led his team to Pakistan, where a convincing win in the First Test at Rawalpindi by an innings and 99 runs was Australia's first Test victory in the country for 39 years. Taylor then attended a court hearing investigating the claims of match-fixing made during the 1994 tour. In the Second Test at Peshawar, Taylor played the longest innings of his career. He batted two days to amass 334 not out, equalling Sir Donald Bradman's Australian record set in 1930. In temperatures above 32oC, Taylor survived two dropped catches before he had reached 25 and scored slowly on the first day. He shared a 206-run partnership with Justin Langer. The next day, he added 103 runs in a morning session extended from two to three hours. After the tea interval, he discarded his helmet in favour of a white sun hat, to deal with the extreme heat. He passed 311, eclipsing Bob Simpson's record score by an Australian captain. In the final over, Taylor equalled Bradman's Australian Test record when a shot to midwicket was barely stopped by Ijaz Ahmed, which reduced the scoring opportunity to a single run.
At the end of the day's play, Taylor was encouraged by the media, the public and his teammates to attempt to break Brian Lara's world record score of 375. An unusually large crowd turned out the following day in anticipation. However, Taylor declared the innings closed, opting to share the record with Bradman, and making the team's chances of winning the game paramount. He was widely praised for this decision. He made 92 in the second innings, giving him the second highest Test match aggregate after English batsmen Graham Gooch, who scored 333 and 123 for a total of 456 against India at Lord's on 26 July 1990. His fifteen hours batting in one Test was second only to Hanif Mohammad. The match ended in a draw, as did the Third Test, so Australia won the series and Taylor ended with 513 runs at 128.25 average.
Taylor's swansong was the 1998–99 Ashes series against England, which began with his 100th Test in the First Test in Brisbane. He scored 46 and a duck—his first in Australia—as England were saved when thunderstorms forced the abandonment of play on the final afternoon. Two half centuries in the next two Tests in Perth and Adelaide saw Australia win by seven wickets and 205 runs respectively, thereby retaining the series 2–0. After losing the Fourth Test by 12 runs after a dramatic final day collapse, Taylor headed to his home ground, the Sydney Cricket Ground, for what would be his final Test. Australia went on to win the Test by 98 runs and take the series 3–1. Taylor only scored two in both innings, but he broke Border's world record for the most Test catches. His catch in the first innings equalled Border's 156 and another in the second made him the sole owner of the record.
He also jointly holds the record in Test cricket (along with Ian Healy) of being the only cricketers to have been run out in both innings of a Test on two occasions.
Taylor talked so well that he raised the standard of debate in Australia—and perhaps of cricket itself—in a way which was an example to all professional cricketers ... Border stopped Australia losing. Taylor made them into winners, the acknowledged if not official world champions of Test cricket.
Taylor made a concerted effort to decrease the amount of sledging committed by his team, a trait that brought criticism of Australian teams during other eras. In total, he captained the side in 50 Tests, winning 26 and losing 13, a success rate unmatched in the previous fifty years except for Don Bradman and Viv Richards.
Taylor retired from professional cricket in early 1999 after the Ashes series. On Australia Day, he was named the Australian of the Year. He was awarded an Australian Sports Medal in 2000 and a Centenary Medal in 2001. He was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2002 and made an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2003. He is now a commentator for Channel Nine and mainly commentates on One Day International and Test matches in Australia, so he can spend more time with his family. He also appears on The Cricket Show with Simon O'Donnell, and is a spokesman for Fujitsu air-conditioners.
Taylor is patron of the Mark Taylor Shield Cricket competition run for NSW Catholic Primary schools in and around the Sydney region. On 6 November 2011, Waitara Oval, the home of the Northern District Cricket Club, had its name formally changed to Mark Taylor Oval, to honour its former First Grade captain and life member.
In October 2015, The Primary Club of Australia announced that Mark Taylor had accepted the role of Twelfth Man and Patron following the passing of their former Patron, Richie Benaud OBE.


When your egg basket runneth over, use these tricks to making the most of your egg supply.
Our chickens have been in egg laying overload now that the temperatures are warming up. In fact, I'm getting so many eggs that my egg basket runneth over. This is a good problem to have!
Many argue on whether or not to wash the bloom off the egg. It's entirely your preference. If you leave the bloom on, the eggs last much longer. A con to this, is that the eggs aren't always clean. In fact, many times, the eggs are streaked with feces. It's hard for me to want to cook with these streaked eggs, so I wash mine off with water. This, in turn, removes the blooms, so we have to use them up. On average, fresh eggs can last a week unrefrigerated. Any time after that, they should be refrigerated.
If your girls produce a large amount of eggs at one time, then you can freeze eggs for use during the slow egg laying period. It is not advised to freeze eggs in the shell. The best method to freezing eggs is to freeze in small quantities so you can thaw only what you need. An easy way to do this is to put them in an ice cube tray. Once frozen, transfer them to a freezer container and label how many eggs are in the bag. As with any frozen food, it is best to thaw eggs in the refrigerator and use them as soon as they are thawed. Only use thawed eggs in dishes that will be thoroughly cooked.
Whole Eggs: To freeze whole eggs or yolks crack them into a bowl and gently stir to break up the yolk somewhat. Try not to incorporate air into the eggs. Label the container with the date and the number of eggs. They can be kept frozen for a year, and should be thawed in the refrigerator the day before you intend to use them.
Egg Yolks: To inhibit yolks from getting lumpy during storage, stir in a 1/2-teaspoon salt per 1-cup of egg or yolks. If using for desserts, use 1-tablespoon sugar or corn syrup per 1-cup yolks or whole eggs. Label the container with the date and the number of egg yolks.
Egg Whites: Raw egg whites do not suffer from freezing (cooked egg whites are very rubbery). No salt or sugar is needed. Break and separate the eggs one at a time, making sure that no yolk gets into the whites. Pour into trays and freeze until firm. Label the container with the date and the number of egg whites. Use up extra egg whites in boiled frostings (i.e., 7-minute frosting), meringue cookies, angel food cake, white cakes, or meringue for pies.
Hard-Cook Egg Yolks: Hard-cooked egg yolks can be frozen to use later for toppings or garnishes. Carefully place the yolks in a single layer in a saucepan and add enough water to come at least 1-inch above the yolks. Cover and quickly bring just to boiling. Remove from the heat and let stand, covered, in the hot water about 15 minutes. Remove with a slotted spoon, drain well and package for freezing.
Because many of us are on a path to be more sustainable, start practicing your bartering skills and barter your eggs for services or goods. If one dozen eggs cost $4-5 at the store, then supply someone with enough eggs to pay for a service.
My family's current path in life is sustainability. Adding chickens to our small farm has been a great way to save money, use chickens bi-products (meat, eggs, feces as garden conditioners, bones for broth, etc.) and practice sustainability. Our 17 hens are very happy and healthy chickens. And, when they're happy, their egg supplies increase. This, in turn helps our family stay healthy.
Make the best use of your egg supplies. Remember, that the egg shells can be added to the garden, compost pile, or worm farm to turn into rich soil conditioners.
What ways have you used eggs when your hens have over supplied?
Feed the smashed shells back to the hens, they need the calcium. We give each of our dogs a couple of scrambled eggs per day to supplement the cheap dog food we purchase.


Looking for experienced painters in Parkinson?
Welcome to Ledge Painting, with staff all over Brisbane (we could be in Parkinson right now), we're the go-to experts for effective and affordable painting solutions. We specialise in everything from general painting jobs to roof and house painting. With an unmatched attention to detail and great after service support, we know how to make our customers happy!
Paint your home in Parkinson with the right colours!
Are you confused as to which colour would suit your house? Seeing as whatever colour you end up with will probably stay there for quite a while, better make sure it's the right one. A colour can make us happy, excited, sad, etc. Your Parkinson home is an integral part of your life, so you really need to choose the colours with care.
Our experienced painters can help you with this. From the warm colours like groups of yellows and reds, to cool colours like purples and blues, we have you covered. We can also suggest the use of complementary colours, which contrast and complete your other chosen or existing colours. Window sills for example can be painted in complementary colours for an attractive look.
Why do you need professionals for your Parkinson home?
Our team delivers you high quality work! We know which paint to use, on which surface, and which method is best suited. We execute extreme caution when working on windows, ceilings, roofs and exteriors. Our services are affordable and we supervise our team efficiently so that the end result is an expert finish of your Parkinson house, and a peace of mind for you!


No matter your insect issue-- be termites, cockroaches, or rodents-- nobody enjoys the sight of a pest scooting across their walls and hallways. After all, numerous insects are known to provide a range of health risks, with some even understood for carrying illness into your house. Sadly, when you find one pest that often means there are hundreds of them hiding someplace and prepared to additional infest your home. When this occurs, you'll wish to deal with the best pest control specialist around to safeguard your home.
When the bed bugs are in your home, they'll be going from 1 place to another. Bed bugs are intrusive insects Nelson, GA that might be difficult to discover. They are best treated by an knowledgeable specialist.
Bed bugs are somewhat more durable and resistant than each bug, consisting of rats and cockroaches in Nelson, GA . Unless a bed bug was found, the very first symptom of an invasion is generally the presence of skin inflammation. Once bed bugs have attacked your house, they can be somewhat tough to obtain rid of. They can be harder to treat than other household insect insects for a few factors. Since they are difficult to see, utilize a magnifying glass. They do not stay on the human that they are feeding upon and so they will generally conceal in clothing and aim to get to a brand-new area. They are not able to survive heats, making heat a highly reliable treatment technique .
Charge of bed bugs can take some time and multiple follow-up treatments. Overall control takes a carefully prepared and designed integrated technique. Bed bug control doesn't need to be pricey Nelson, GA .
You will need to understand the signals of a insect problem. An invasion is something which can occur to anybody Nelson, GA . As an example, be particular to take a look at where you have to take care of your bed bug infestation. If you're concerned you own a bed bug invasion, start searching for physical indications of their existence. Bed bug invasions can impact a single bed in 1 room or a entire home or property. Chemical techniques aren't the only technique to manage bed bug infestations.
How to Start with Bed Bugs Exterminator or Pest Control Man Nelson, GA ?
Typically, experienced bug control business will utilize a couple of selections of treatment methods like vacuuming, cleaning, steaming and other mechanical methods to completely get rid of the bed bug invasion. There are several insect control companies that might help you for the exact same. Typically speaking, a lot of great bug control organisations will at first send down a specialist to run a visual evaluation of your home before quoting you a price Nelson, GA .
If you're not needed to leave your house for more than a few hours during the extermination, or in case you are preparing for the pest control specialist, there are a variety of methods to prevent taking bed bugs with you. As soon as you have the ability to observe that bed bugs have undoubtedly entered your house, it's never too early to attempt and find an exceptional bed bugs pest control man Nelson, GA Nelson, GA . During a fumigation, your house will be dealt with in tarpaulin, which is generally anchored using huge containers of water you must provide. Whether a complete house is infested, it might be essential to spray listed below the home, which would increase the total price of services. Your house does not need to be infested that you pick up bed bugs. Try to keep in mind that DIY insecticides alone are not likely to rid your house of bed bugs, specifically products which do not keep eliminating after they dry.


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Ottleya greenei är en ärtväxtart som först beskrevs av Wooten och Paul Carpenter Standley, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Dmitry Dmitrievich Sokoloff. Ottleya greenei ingår i släktet Ottleya och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Ärtväxter
greenei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Interview Hindi
Nupur Bhargava on Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan teaser: We were inspired by vintage film posters
Artist and filmmaker Nupur Bhargava shares her experience of creating the teaser for the announcement of Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan, starring Ayushmann Khurrana.
Mumbai - 26 May 2019 11:00 IST
Photo: Nupur Bhargava
Earlier this month, actor Ayushmann Khurranna revealed that he was reuniting with producer Aanand L Rai for another film project, one that tells the story of two men falling in love. The actor's tweet was accompanied by an animated teaser that made us wish we could watch the film immediately and not have to wait till next year.
The unconventional, funny and downright charming teaser was the work of Invisible Rabbit, a boutique studio that was founded in 2009. The studio is run by Nupur Bhargava and Hitesh Kewalya, director of Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan, and you have probably seen their work either on television, at the cinema or online, you have probably just never realized it.
Cinestaan.com conversed on e-mail with Bhargava, who has directed animation sequences in films like Luv Ka The End (2011) and Katti Batti (2015), about how the creative teaser was conceptualized and made in a short span of two weeks. Excerpts:
How did you come on board for the teaser announcement for Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan (2020)?
Our association with Aanandji [L Rai] began with Shubh Mangal Saavdhan (2017), when we made a fun animated teaser for the film, which went viral. So when Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan was getting ready for announcement, we were called to work on it.
When was it decided that an animated sequence would be the way forward? How much time did you have?
Animation is an interesting medium to introduce a film and its essence without revealing too much. Animation was the perfect medium to capture the humour and quirkiness that is synonymous with the SMS franchise. We had about two weeks to do the teaser.
Who wrote the script? How did you all conceptualize and storyboard the 49-second sequence?
Hitesh Kewalya, the writer and director of the film Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan, wrote the teaser script. We received the script and the voiceover by Nilesh Mishra, both [of which were] big inspirations for the teaser's animation.
We made a pitch with a detailed visual script and art mood board. The teaser needed to capture the textures, colours and stories of India. We took inspiration from vintage Indian film posters, which are hand painted and full of life. The most interesting part of the project was that it made us dig deeper and create relatable everyday moments that explore love.
The storyboard and art process was very fluid. Each illustration for the teaser was like a painting. We have added a lot of detail in each shot to enhance the tone and visual texture of the film. We explored lots of situations and artworks till it fit completely with the soul of the script.
How big or small was your team working on the teaser?
We were a team of three who worked on the teaser. Furthermore, Hitesh helped us to maintain the essence of the teaser.
Did you have any hurdles to overcome for the teaser in the short span of two weeks?
Two weeks was a tight schedule to work in, but we are a close-knit production team which worked round the clock. We also got instant feedback and approval, so work flow was smooth. Even with a tight schedule, we managed to do several explorations and have fun.
Did producer Rai have any inputs for the teaser?
He gave us a clear brief and explained what the teaser should emote. Aanand L Rai understands his audience and one always learns even interacting with him. It was great to work with a creative force like him who put a lot of faith in us and gave a lot of creative freedom.
What has been the response to the teaser since it has been out?
The response to the teaser has been overwhelming. We are getting such encouraging messages and love from everyone. People have found it humorous, quirky, yet sensitive. It has excited people and they are looking forward to Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan. So are we!
Can you tell me about Invisible Rabbit and what kind of work it produces?
Invisible Rabbit is a boutique animation and film studio based in Mumbai. Our strength lies in our strong design aesthetics and direction that enables us to direct and produce unique films for each of our clients. We have directed and produced several award-winning and nominated animated films for feature films, commercials, broadcast and web.
We specialize in quirky and out-of-the-box storytelling in various mediums like stop-motion, 3D/CGI, 2D and mix media. We are the only studio and directors in India to have designed and directed three Hindi feature film songs using stop-motion animation.
Nupur Bhargava
Hitesh Kewalya
Screenwriter, Dialogue Writer, Choreographer
Aanand L. Rai
Producer, Director, Presenter
Actor, Composer, Singer
Katti Batti
Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


WHAT IS IT Dewy Spritz, is a beautifully lightweight, pearlescent mist designed to prep, prime and set. Add the new Dewy Spritz to your makeup routine for the ultimate glowy finish that will catch everyone's attention!
WHAT IS DOES For use before and after makeup, this multi-tasking marvel will deeply hydrate, illuminate and prime your skin ready for a flawless base. Featuring naturally hydrating extracts to care for the skin, it will leave your complexion feeling fresh and glowing. Contains Hyaluronic Acid and Green Tea Extract.
HOW TO USE Shake before use to activate the magical blend of iridescent pearls for a subtle, naturally dewy glimmer. End your routine with a final spritz to set that makeup masterpiece in place.


Buying suitable woman shoes us13 online from worldwide markets, DHgate Australia site is a top destination. We lined up best women open plain shoes in several dimensions to help you find what you're after. Whether design or style, material or colour, price or functionality requirements in mind, you will shop women pattern shoes full-handed. Fashion change rapidly nowadays, it's your turn to catch up with the trends of women shoes lace satin sale. Enjoy shopping on women high heel motorcycle pump shoes stores from au.dhgate.com with free delivery to Australia and engage in your life.


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Best of the Best: Domestic Red Wines
By Brett Anderson
Brett Anderson's Most Recent Stories
How Michael Mondavi's Hard-Won Wine Collection Proved California Wine Ages Well
This Luscious Wine Was Named for a Tractor
Puglia Is Italy's New Wine and Food Hub
Colgin Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon
Napa Valley Tychson Hill Vineyard 2000
A legacy of enduring taste and beauty.
The pioneer spirit takes many forms, and pioneers themselves have many faces. One of Napa Valley's most intrepid trailblazers bore rather delicate, refined features; yet these incidentals belied the determined heart that beat beneath. Josephine Marlin was a native of San Lorenzo, Calif., who married a Danish immigrant farmer by the name of John Tychson. The couple's move to St. Helena in 1881 was, in part, inspired by their mutual dream of making wine in this sun-drenched setting, but also by a darker fact: John had contracted tuberculosis.
This Roaster Is Brewing a $150 Cup of Coffee, but Only a Few Lucky People Will Be Able to Taste It
The Frank Lloyd Wright Suite at This Tokyo Hotel Is a Midcentury Modern Fever Dream--and It's Available for $10,000 a Night
For $8,500, the couple bought 26 acres with a few vineyards planted, and together, they worked to expand the concern. But these healthful influences did not slow John's decline, and he died before construction of the winery began. Josephine broke ground in 1886 on the modest building that would house Tychson cellars. The fledgling operation produced zinfandel, Riesling, and a blend that Josephine called "Burgundy" for eight years, after which she sold the winery. Eventually, the property was absorbed into what is now Freemark Abbey, but the original acreage, known as Tychson Hill, still bears the couple's name, and Josephine remains the first woman ever to operate a winery in California.
Her legacy resonates in the careers of other gifted women who have followed her, but none more so than in Ann Colgin's. Born in Texas and educated at Vanderbilt and New York University, Colgin worked at Sotheby's as an art expert and antiquarian before founding Colgin Cellars in 1992. She combines taste, sensitivity, and a love of beauty with the determination that has enabled her to make her label one of the most sought after in America—qualities of which Josephine would no doubt have approved. Their spiritual kinship is reflected in Colgin's painstaking restoration of the nearly collapsed Tychson farmhouse, which she and her husband, Joe Wender, rebuilt from the foundation up. Yet Colgin's most fitting tribute to Josephine's achievements can be found in the small vineyard that adjoins the house's gardens, the first wine from which she released in October 2003.
The Tychson Hill Cabernet Sauvignon stands out for its compelling synthesis of strength and subtle harmonies. Despite difficult conditions in the 2000 vintage, the very best California producers (including Harlan Estate, Shafer Vineyards, and Sonoma's Vérité) nevertheless created spectacular wines—a fact that merely underscores Colgin and winemaker Mark Aubert's achievement. Tremendous yet balanced tannins provide the structure over which a bounty of flavors—black cherry, creamy vanilla, sprinklings of nutmeg, and wood-spice—unfurls like dark, rich, variegated vines. The experience lingers, lasts—but not as long as Colgin's own contributions to Napa's ever-evolving history will.
Colgin Cellars
www.colgincellars.com
Pinot in Paradise
Perfection seems to have followed the career of Helen Turley, who has made wine for some of California's most elite labels, including Bryant Family and Colgin. Her own label, however, which she established with her husband, John Wetlaufer, in 1990, represents something of a departure from the enological endeavors that have brought her so much renown—not in terms of its distinction, but in terms of its style.
While her efforts elsewhere have focused on large, lush Cabernet Sauvignons, at home, she has tirelessly pursued the perfection of Pinot Noir. Located out on the cool Sonoma Coast, where Williams Selyem has produced so many of its celebrated Pinots, the Marcassin Vineyard lies just under 4 miles from the ocean, lending to its wines an earthy, Burgundian character. The Marcassin Pinot Noir Sonoma Coast Marcassin Vineyard 1998 possesses an alluring color—dark, but with flashes of deep red—and a berry-filled nose so dense that one can almost taste it on the tongue. This fruit, however, is countered by a rich clay undertone, traces of ginger and wood, as well as toast. If Pinot had been made in paradise, it would have tasted like this.
Marcassin Vineyard
A Family Blend
Though the winery itself is of fairly recent origin (the first Merlot was planted just over a decade ago), this property in the rolling southeastern region of Washington state has flourished under the stewardship of the Corkrum family for more than a century. The vineyard remains a family concern: Shari Corkrum Derby and her husband, Dean Derby, direct the operation, while Dean's brother, Gaynor, and son, Devin, manage
the vines.
Even the finished wines bear the family stamp: The Cabernet Sauvignon is named Frederick, after Shari's father, while the Syrah takes its name from her mother, Nina Lee. The Spring Valley Uriah Walla Walla Valley 2001 alludes to Shari's grandfather, Uriah Corkrum, who, if he resembled this sturdy but polished wine, must have been a hearty but generous soul, full of life and confident of where he came from. Fabulously ripe with fruit, redolent of spice, this blend of Merlot, Cabernet Franc, and Petit Verdot enjoys a flavor finish as long as the Corkrum family line.
Spring Valley Vineyard
www.springvalleyvineyard.com
Central Coast Syrah
California's Central Coast, which stretches roughly from San Simeon to Ventura, has always been an anomaly of sorts in the scheme of things Californian. It shares little with the teeming media-dominated megalopolis of Los Angeles, nor with the self-conscious sophistication cultivated in and around San Francisco's Bay Area.
Sandwiched between these two interpretations of the Golden State, the people of the Central Coast have quietly pursued their own business—predominantly farming, fishing, the raising of cattle, and, now, the making of wine. In 1989, well before the Rhône varietals achieved their current vogue, John Alban was planting Roussanne, Grenache, and Syrah there, in the Edna Valley, near Arroyo Grande—an enterprise that has met with gratifying success. An outstanding example of his achievement can be found in the Alban Syrah Edna Valley Seymour's Vineyard 2001, whose color is bouillon-dark, deeply concentrated, and powerfully aromatic. Beneath layers of wild berry, anise lurks, as well as a savory swell of cigar box, accompanied by a leathery bite.
Alban Vineyards
Picnic in the Country
Zinfandel labors under the curse of California's Cabernets, which have over the course of the last couple of decades largely shaped the red wine–drinking tastes of the American public.
Still, this rustic grape remains the quintessentially Californian varietal, whose origins were only recently discovered to be the vineyards of eastern Europe. The Rosenblum Cellars Zinfandel Sonoma County Cullinane Vineyard 2001 captures the restless spirit of this grape, whose combination of fruit and spice make the mouth water. Berries abound in every mouthful, as do essences of deep spice, sweetened coffee, and oak, yet the whole retains a true silkiness, despite its vigor. It would be difficult to conceive a more perfect wine for that picnic in the country.
Rosenblum Cellars
www.rosenblumcellars.com
Forget Millennial Pink. Distillers Are Turning Their Gin Purple Now.
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From Kenyan Gin to Indian Whisky: 11 Outstanding Spirits From Around the World
Nubeluz in Photos


I decided to put a poll on the side bar of my website to see if I could elicit more responds. Only 11 of you responded. Well, 10 of you. I was the one who voted that environmentalists are nuts to see if anyone would join me. Not even the spammers joined in.
9 thought it was hilarious. See greenies have a great sense of humor.
1 said that environmentalists are nut. That was me trying to stir up trouble.
1 said consumption offends them. Alright! Way to go speak your mind, solo voter.
Zero voted that they did not have an opinion. Kind of figured that would be the case. Everyone has an opinion.
So, last chance. What did you really think. Don't hold back. Bring it on.
What part of the video did you think was the funniest?


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Q: How to show multiple master record fields in detail table? I use ADO components (Delphi/C++ Builder) and let's say I have a simple one-to-many relationship like in the following picture:

Here it is obvious that CustNo is the primary key in the first table, and it's value is showed in the detail table. Is it possible, and how to show additional master record fields in the detail table? For example, I would also like to show Company field in the detail table, and not just CustNo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Wheatbelt Way is a fascinating self-drive experience starting in Dowerin and spanning 800 kilometres with 24 interpretive sites through Western Australia's north-east Wheatbelt.
Travel to nine regional communities of Dowerin, Wyalkatchem, Koorda, Bencubbin, Beacon, Westonia, Mukinbudin, Nungarin and Trayning highlighting natural attractions to sites of historical importance.
Stay at any of the 12 FREE camp sites along the trail if you are up for some family camping or glamping, or head to any of the well maintained caravan parks located in the towns across the trail or stop the night in friendly Wheatbelt B&B's, hotels and motels.
Drive to Dowerin 2 hours east of Perth or turn off the Great Eastern Highway at Carrabin and get started on your Wheatbelt Way adventure – it can be as long or as short as you like.


Members of the Canadian Italian Business & Professionals Association (CIBPA) learned first hand how their donation to cardiac care is making a difference for Niagara Health System patients everyday. The group recently visited the St. Catharines Site of the NHS where they toured the Heart Investigation Unit. Front line staff including Dr. Sven Pallie, NHS Chief of Cardiology, explained that the cardiac care program has made great strides over the past several years to develop a comprehensive regional cardiology program in Niagara.
For example, last year the team started performing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Niagara for the first time. This non-surgical procedure uses a catheter to insert a small tube-like structure called a stent in blood vessels in the heart that have been narrowed by plaque buildup — a condition known as atherosclerosis. PCI opens up the blood vessels and improves blood flow. It also decreases heart-related chest pain (angina), makes patients feel better and increases their ability to be active.
Dr. Pallie thanked CIBPA for its $10,000 commitment and explained that the state-of-the-art equipment used by the cardiac team is made possible by donors who believe in the work that they are doing.
Photo: CIBPA members and OneFoundation representatives are pictured with front line staff from the NHS Heart Investigation Unit.


I have noticed some strange behaviour recently when changing music source. I have only been using duet for a couple of weeks (I think it is superb btw) and I'm sure initially, when I changed music source, I would get a message - "Connecting to 'music source'" followed by a message - "Connecting to 'Player name'". This would take 10 - 15 secs.
Recently, this changed. I still get the message - "Connecting to 'Music source'" but now it is followed by a message "Updating player firmware". The player does seem to be going through an update as the light on the front is flashing white followed by several colours before returing to solid white. This process takes about a minute but the change is successful at the end. I have tried powering off both the controller and receiver but has made no difference. Haven't tried a full reset.
Only other change I have made recently is to upgrade squeezecenter software from 7.3.1 to 7.3.2.
That's happening because your two music sources are running different versions of SqueezeCenter. Player firmware is matched to versions of the SC software. So when you switch from the older SC to the newer SC, the player automatically updates its firmware to match the new SC. And when you switch back from the newer SC to the older SC, the player automatically "updates" its firmware to match, except in this case "updating" is actually going backwards to the older firmware.
If you are switching between two different local SC installations, you can avoid this by upgrading both at the same time. It this happens when switching between your local SC and SqueezeNetwork, you should update to the latest SC software, because that is what SN runs. But since you're already running 7.3.2, I assume that's not the case.
Many thanks for the feedback. I have only upgraded one music source to 7.3.2 and the other is still running 7.3.1. Sounds like it is the problem.


Section 101. Consistent with the demands of efficiency and cost effectiveness, the head of each executive agency shall incorporate waste prevention and recycling in the agency's daily operations and work to increase and expand markets for recovered materials through greater Federal Government preference and demand for such products. It is the national policy to prefer pollution prevention, whenever feasible. Pollution that cannot be prevented should be recycled; pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled should be treated in an environmentally safe manner. Disposal should be employed only as a last resort.
Sec. 102. Consistent with policies established by the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) Policy Letter 92-4, agencies shall comply with executive branch policies for the acquisition and use of environmentally preferable products and services and implement cost-effective procurement preference programs favoring the purchase of these products and services.
Sec. 103. This order creates a Steering Committee, a Federal Environmental Executive (FEE), and a Task Force, and establishes Agency Environmental Executive (AEE) positions within each agency, to be responsible for ensuring the implementation of this order. The FEE, AEEs, and members of the Steering Committee and Task Force shall be full-time Federal Government employees.
Sec. 201. "Environmentally preferable" means products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose. This comparison may consider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance, or disposal of the product or service.
Sec. 202. "Executive agency" or "agency" means an executive agency as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105. For the purpose of this order, military departments, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 102, are covered under the auspices of the Department of Defense.
Sec. 203. "Postconsumer material" means a material or finished product that has served its intended use and has been discarded for disposal or recovery, having completed its life as a consumer item. "Postconsumer material" is a part of the broader category of "recovered material."
Sec. 204. "Acquisition" means the acquiring by contract with appropriated funds for supplies or services (including construction) by and for the use of the Federal Government through purchase or lease, whether the supplies or services are already in existence or must be created, developed, demonstrated, and evaluated. Acquisition begins at the point when agency needs are established and includes the description of requirements to satisfy agency needs, solicitation and selection of sources, award of contracts, contract financing, contract performance, contract administration, and those technical and management functions directly related to the process of fulfilling agency needs by contract.
Sec. 205. "Recovered materials" means waste materials and by-products that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste, but such term does not include those materials and by-products generated from, and commonly reused within, an original manufacturing process (42 U.S.C. 6903 (19)).
Sec. 206. "Recyclability" means the ability of a product or material to be recovered from, or otherwise diverted from, the solid waste stream for the purpose of recycling.
Sec. 207. "Recycling" means the series of activities, including collection, separation, and processing, by which products or other materials are recovered from the solid waste stream for use in the form of raw materials in the manufacture of new products other than fuel for producing heat or power by combustion.
Sec. 208. "Waste prevention" means any change in the design, manufacturing, purchase, or use of materials or products (including packaging) to reduce their amount or toxicity before they are discarded. Waste prevention also refers to the reuse of products or materials.
Sec. 209. "Waste reduction" means preventing or decreasing the amount of waste being generated through waste prevention, recycling, or purchasing recycled and environmentally preferable products.
Sec. 210. "Life cycle cost" means the amortized annual cost of a product, including capital costs, installation costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and disposal costs discounted over the lifetime of the product.
Sec. 211. "Life cycle assessment" means the comprehensive examination of a product's environmental and economic aspects and potential impacts throughout its lifetime, including raw material extraction, transportation, manufacturing, use, and disposal.
Sec. 212. "Pollution prevention" means "source reduction" as defined in the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13102), and other practices that reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants through: (a) increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water, or other resources; or (b) protection of natural resources by conservation.
Sec. 213. "Biobased product" means a commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that utilizes biological products or renewable domestic agricultural (plant, animal, and marine) or forestry materials.
Sec. 214. "Major procuring agencies" shall include any executive agency that procures over $50 million per year of goods and services.
Sec. 301. Committees, Executives, and Task Force. (a) Steering Committee. There is hereby established a Steering Committee on Greening the Government through Waste Prevention and Recycling ("Steering Committee"). The Steering Committee shall be composed of the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), the Federal Environmental Executive (FEE), and the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP). The Steering Committee, which shall be chaired by the Chair of the CEQ, is directed to charter a Task Force to facilitate implementation of this order, and shall provide the Task Force with policy direction in such implementation.
(b) Federal Environmental Executive. A Federal Environmental Executive, Environmental Protection Agency, shall be designated by the President. The FEE shall chair the Task Force described in subsection (c), take all actions necessary to ensure that the agencies comply with the requirements of this order, and generate a biennial report to the President.
(c) Task Force. The Steering Committee shall charter a Task Force on Greening the Government through Waste Prevention and Recycling ("Task Force"), which shall be chaired by the FEE and composed of staff from the major procuring agencies. The Steering Committee, in consultation with the agencies, shall determine the necessary staffing and resources for the Task Force. The major procuring agencies shall provide, to the extent practicable and permitted by law, resources and support to the Task Force and the FEE, upon request from the Steering Committee. The Task Force shall have the duty of assisting the FEE and the agencies in implementing this order, subject to policy direction provided by the Steering Committee. The Task Force shall report through the FEE to the Chair of the Steering Committee.
(d) Agency Environmental Executives (AEEs). Within 90 days after the date of this order, the head of each major procuring agency shall designate an AEE from among his or her staff, who serves at a level no lower than the Assistant Secretary level or equivalent, and shall notify the Chair of CEQ and the FEE of such designation.
(g) development and implementation of new technologies that are of environmental significance.
(2) Prepare a biennial report to the President on the actions taken by the agencies to comply with this order. The report also may incorporate information from existing agency reports regarding Government-wide progress in implementing the following Executive Orders: 12843, Procurement Requirements and Policies for Federal Agencies for Ozone Depleting Substances; 13031, Federal Alternative Fueled Vehicle Leadership; 12845, Requiring Agencies to Purchase Energy Efficient Computer Equipment; 12856, Federal Compliance with Right-to-Know Laws and Pollution Prevention Requirements; 12902, Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities; and 12969, Federal Acquisition and Community Right-to-Know.
(3) In coordination with the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the General Services Administration (GSA), and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), convene a group of acquisition/procurement managers and environmental State, and local government managers to work with State and local governments to improve the Federal, State, and local governments' use of recycled products and environmentally preferable products and services.
(4) Coordinate appropriate Government-wide education and training programs for agencies.
(5) Establish committees and work groups, as needed, to identify, assess, and recommend actions to be taken to fulfill the goals, responsibilities, and initiatives of the FEE. As these committees and work groups are created, agencies are requested to designate appropriate personnel in the areas of procurement and acquisition, standards and specifications, electronic commerce, facilities management, pollution prevention, waste prevention, recycling, and others as needed to staff and work on these initiatives. An initial group shall be established to develop recommendations for tracking and reporting requirements, taking into account the costs and benefits of such tracking and reporting. The Steering Committee shall consult with the AEEs before approving these recommendations.
(5) track agencies' purchases of EPA-designated guideline items and report agencies' purchases of such guideline items to the FEE per the recommendations developed in subsection 302(a)(5) of this order. Agency acquisition and procurement personnel shall justify in writing to the file and to the AEE the rationale for not purchasing such items, above the micropurchase threshold (as set out in the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act at 41 U.S.C. 428), and submit a plan and timetable for increasing agency purchases of the designated item(s).
(6) one year after a product is placed on the USDA Biobased Products List, estimate agencies' purchases of products on the list and report agencies' estimated purchases of such products to the Secretary of Agriculture.
Sec. 401. Acquisition Planning. In developing plans, drawings, work statements, specifications, or other product descriptions, agencies shall consider, as appropriate, a broad range of factors including: elimination of virgin material requirements; use of biobased products; use of recovered materials; reuse of product; life cycle cost; recyclability; use of environmentally preferable products; waste prevention (including toxicity reduction or elimination); and ultimate disposal. These factors should be considered in acquisition planning for all procurement and in the evaluation and award of contracts, as appropriate. Program and acquisition managers should take an active role in these activities.
Sec. 402. Affirmative Procurement Programs. (a) The head of each executive agency shall develop and implement affirmative procurement programs in accordance with section 6002 of RCRA (42 U.S.C. 6962) and this order and consider use of the procurement tools and methods described in 7 U.S.C. 5909. Agencies shall ensure that responsibilities for preparation, implementation, and monitoring of affirmative procurement programs are shared between the program personnel and acquisition and procurement personnel. For the purposes of all purchases made pursuant to this order, EPA, in consultation with such other executive agencies as appropriate, shall endeavor to maximize environmental benefits, consistent with price, performance, and availability considerations, and constraints imposed by law, and shall adjust solicitation guidelines as necessary in order to accomplish this goal.
(b) Agencies shall establish affirmative procurement programs for all EPA-designated guideline items purchased by their agency. For newly designated items, agencies shall revise their internal programs within 1 year from the date the EPA designated the new items.
(c) Exclusive of the biobased products described in section 504, for the EPA-designated guideline items, which are contained in 40 CFR part 247, and for all future designated guideline items, agencies shall ensure that their affirmative procurement programs require 100 percent of their purchases of products to meet or exceed the EPA guideline unless written justification is provided that a product is not available competitively within a reasonable time frame, does not meet appropriate performance standards, or is only available at an unreasonable price. Written justification is not required for purchases below the micropurchase threshold. For micropurchases, agencies shall provide guidance regarding purchase of EPA-designated guideline items. This guidance should encourage consideration of aggregating purchases when this method would promote economy and efficiency.
(d) Within 90 days after the date of this order, the head of each executive agency that has not implemented an affirmative procurement program shall ensure that the affirmative procurement program has been established and is being implemented to the maximum extent practicable.
Sec. 403. Federal Facility Compliance. (a) Within 6 months of the date of this order, the Administrator of the EPA shall, in consultation with the Federal Environmental Executive, prepare guidance for use in determining Federal facility compliance with section 6002 of RCRA and the related requirements of this order.
(b) EPA inspections of Federal facilities conducted pursuant to RCRA and the Federal Facility Compliance Act and EPA "multi-media" inspections carried out at Federal facilities will include, where appropriate, evaluation of facility compliance with section 6002 of RCRA and any implementing guidance.
(c) Where inspections of Federal facilities are carried out by authorized States pursuant to RCRA and the Federal Facility Compliance Act, the Administrator of the EPA will encourage those States to include evaluation of facility compliance with section 6002 of RCRA in light of EPA guidance prepared pursuant to subsection (a), where appropriate, similar to inspections performed by the EPA. The EPA may provide information and technical assistance to the States to enable them to include such considerations in their inspection.
(d) The EPA shall report annually to the Federal Environmental Executive on the results of inspections performed by the EPA to determine Federal facility compliance with section 6002 of RCRA not later than February 1st for those inspections conducted during the previous fiscal year.
Sec. 501.  Specifications, Product Descriptions, and Standards.
When developing, reviewing, or revising Federal and military specifications, product descriptions (including commercial item descriptions), and standards, executive agencies shall consider recovered materials and any environmentally preferable purchasing criteria developed by the EPA, and ensure the criteria are complied with in developing or revising standards. Agencies shall report annually to the FEE on their compliance with this section for incorporation into the biennial report to the President referred to in section 302(a)(2) of this order. (a) If an inconsistency with section 6002 of RCRA or this order is identified in a specification, standard, or product description, the FEE shall request that the Environmental Executive of the pertinent agency advise the FEE as to why the specification cannot be revised or submit a plan for revising it within 60 days.
(b) If an agency is able to revise an inconsistent specification but cannot do so within 60 days, it is the responsibility of that AEE to monitor and implement the plan for revising it.
Sec. 502. Designation of Items that Contain Recovered Materials. In order to expedite the process of designating items that are or can be made with recovered materials, the EPA shall use the following process for designating these items in accordance with section 6002(e) of RCRA. (a) The EPA shall designate items that are or can be made with recovered material, by promulgating amendments to the Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG). The CPG shall be updated every 2 years or as appropriate after an opportunity for public comment.
(b) Concurrent with the issuance of the CPG, the EPA shall publish for comment in the Federal Register Recovered Materials Advisory Notices that present the range of recovered materials content levels within which the designated items are currently available. These levels shall be updated periodically, after opportunity for public comment, to reflect changes in market conditions.
(c) Once items containing recovered materials have been designated by the EPA in the CPG, agencies shall modify their affirmative procurement programs to require that, to the maximum extent practicable, their purchases of products meet or exceed the EPA guidelines unless written justification is provided that a product is not available competitively, not available within a reasonable time frame, does not meet appropriate performance standards, or is only available at an unreasonable price.
Sec. 503. Guidance on Acquisition of Environmentally Preferable Products and Services. (a) The EPA shall develop guidance within 90 days from the date of this order to address environmentally preferable purchasing. The guidance may be based on the EPA's September 1995 Proposed Guidance on the Acquisition of Environmentally Preferable Products and Services and comments received thereon. The guidance should be designed for Government-wide use and targeted towards products and services that have the most effect. The guidance may also address the issues of use of the technical expertise of non-governmental entities and tools such as life cycle assessment in decisions on environmentally preferable purchasing. The EPA shall update this guidance every 2 years, or as appropriate.
(1) These pilot projects shall be focused around those product and service categories, including printing, that have wide use within the Federal Government. Priorities regarding which product and service categories to pilot shall be developed by the individual agencies and the EPA, in consultation with the OFPP, the FEE, and the appropriate agency procurement executives. Any policy disagreements shall be resolved by the Steering Committee.
(2) Agencies are encouraged to use all of the options available to them to determine the environmentally preferable attributes of products and services in their pilot and demonstration projects, including the use of technical expertise of nongovernmental entities such as labeling, certification, or standards-developing organizations, as well as using the expertise of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(3) Upon request and to the extent practicable, the EPA shall assist executive agencies in designing, implementing, and documenting the results of these pilot and demonstration projects.
(4) The EPA, in coordination with other executive agencies, shall develop a database of information about these projects, including, but not limited to, the number and status of pilot projects, examples of agencies' policy directives, revisions to specifications, solicitation procedures, and grant/contract policies that facilitate adoption of environmentally preferable purchasing practices, to be integrated on a commonly available electronic medium (e.g., Internet Web site). These data are to be reported to the FEE.
(c) Executive agencies shall use the principles and concepts in the EPA Guidance on Acquisition of Environmentally Preferable Products and Services, in addition to the lessons from the pilot and demonstration projects, to the maximum extent practicable, in identifying and purchasing environmentally preferable products and services and shall modify their procurement programs as appropriate.
Sec. 504. Designation of Biobased Items by the USDA. The USDA Biobased Products Coordination Council shall, in consultation with the FEE, issue a Biobased Products List. (a) The Biobased Products List shall be published in the Federal Register by the USDA within 180 days after the date of this order and shall be updated biannually after publication to include additional items.
(b) Once the Biobased Products List has been published, agencies are encouraged to modify their affirmative procurement program to give consideration to those products.
Sec. 505. Minimum Content Standard for Printing and Writing Paper. Executive agency heads shall ensure that their agencies meet or exceed the following minimum materials content standards when purchasing or causing the purchase of printing and writing paper: (a) For high speed copier paper, offset paper, forms bond, computer printout paper, carbonless paper, file folders, white wove envelopes, writing and office paper, book paper, cotton fiber paper, and cover stock, the minimum content standard shall be no less than 30 percent postconsumer materials beginning December 31, 1998. If paper containing 30 percent postconsumer material is not reasonably available, does not meet reasonable performance requirements, or is only available at an unreasonable price, then the agency shall purchase paper containing no less than 20 percent postconsumer material. The Steering Committee, in consultation with the AEEs, may revise these levels if necessary.
(b) As an alternative to meeting the standards in sections 505(a), for all printing and writing papers, the minimum content standard shall be no less than 50 percent recovered materials that are a waste material byproduct of a finished product other than a paper or textile product that would otherwise be disposed of in a landfill, as determined by the State in which the facility is located.
(c) Effective January 1, 1999, no executive branch agency shall purchase, sell, or arrange for the purchase of, printing and writing paper that fails to meet the minimum requirements of this section.
Sec. 506. Revision of Brightness Specifications and Standards. The GSA and other executive agencies are directed to identify, evaluate, and revise or eliminate any standards or specifications unrelated to performance that present barriers to the purchase of paper or paper products made by production processes that minimize emissions of harmful byproducts. This evaluation shall include a review of unnecessary brightness and stock clause provisions, such as lignin content and chemical pulp requirements. The GSA shall complete the review and revision of such specifications within 6 months after the date of this order, and shall consult closely with the Joint Committee on Printing during such process. The GSA shall also compile any information or market studies that may be necessary to accomplish the objectives of this provision.
Sec. 507. Procurement of Re-refined Lubricating Oil and Retread Tires. (a) Agencies shall implement the EPA procurement guidelines for re-refined lubricating oil and retread tires. Fleet and commodity managers shall take immediate steps, as appropriate, to procure these items in accordance with section 6002 of RCRA. This provision does not preclude the acquisition of biobased (e.g., vegetable) oils.
(b) The FEE shall work to educate executive agencies about the new Department of Defense Cooperative Tire Qualification Program, including the Cooperative Approval Tire List and Cooperative Plant Qualification Program, as they apply to retread tires.
Sec. 601. Agency Goals. (a)(1) Each agency shall establish either a goal for solid waste prevention and a goal for recycling or a goal for solid waste diversion to be achieved by January 1, 2000. Each agency shall further ensure that the established goals include long-range goals to be achieved by the years 2005 and 2010. These goals shall be submitted to the FEE within 180 days after the date of this order. (2) In addition to white paper, mixed paper/cardboard, aluminum, plastic, and glass, agencies should incorporate into their recycling programs efforts to recycle, reuse, or refurbish pallets and collect toner cartridges for remanufacturing. Agencies should also include programs to reduce or recycle, as appropriate, batteries, scrap metal, and fluorescent lamps and ballasts.
(b) Agencies shall set goals to increase the procurement of products that are made with recovered materials, in order to maximize the number of recycled products purchased, relative to non-recycled alternatives.
(c) Each agency shall set a goal for increasing the use of environmentally preferable products and services for those products and services for which the agency has completed a pilot program.
(d) Agencies are encouraged to incorporate into their Government Performance Results Act annual performance plans the goals listed in subsections (a), (b), and (c) above, starting with the submittal to the Office of Management and Budget of the plan accompanying the FY 2001 budget.
(e) Progress on attaining these goals should be reported by the agencies to the FEE for the biennial report specified in section 302(a)(2) of this order.
Sec. 701. Contractor Applicability. Contracts that provide for contractor operation of a Government-owned or -leased facility and/or contracts that provide for contractor or other support services at Government-owned or -operated facilities awarded by executive agencies after the date of this order, shall include provisions that obligate the contractor to comply with the requirements of this order within the scope of its operations.
Sec. 702. Real Property Acquisition and Management. Within 90 days after the date of this order, and to the extent permitted by law and where economically feasible, executive agencies shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this order in the acquisition and management of Federally owned and leased space. The GSA and other executive agencies shall also include environmental and recycling provisions in the acquisition and management of all leased space and in the construction of new Federal buildings.
Sec. 703. Retention of Funds. (a) The Administrator of General Services shall continue with the program that retains for the agencies the proceeds from the sale of materials recovered through recycling or waste prevention programs and specifying the eligibility requirements for the materials being recycled.
(b) Agencies in non-GSA managed facilities, to the extent permitted by law, should develop a plan to retain the proceeds from the sale of materials recovered through recycling or waste prevention programs.
Sec. 704. Model Facility Programs. Each executive agency shall establish a model demonstration program incorporating some or all of the following elements as appropriate. Agencies are encouraged to demonstrate and test new and innovative approaches such as incorporating environmentally preferable and bio-based products; increasing the quantity and types of products containing recovered materials; expanding collection programs; implementing source reduction programs; composting organic materials when feasible; and exploring public/private partnerships to develop markets for recovered materials.
Sec. 705. Recycling Programs. (a)(1) Each executive agency that has not already done so shall initiate a program to promote cost-effective waste prevention and recycling of reusable materials in all of its facilities. The recycling programs implemented pursuant to this section must be compatible with applicable State and local recycling requirements.
(2) Agencies shall designate a recycling coordinator for each facility or installation. The recycling coordinator shall implement or maintain waste prevention and recycling programs in the agencies' action plans.
(b) Executive agencies shall also consider cooperative ventures with State and local governments to promote recycling and waste reduction in the community.
Sec. 706. Review of Implementation. The President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency shall request that the Inspectors General periodically review agencies' implementation of this order.
Sec. 801. Training. (a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the FEE and OFPP should evaluate the training courses provided by the Federal Acquisition Institute and the Defense Acquisition University and recommend any appropriate curriculum changes to ensure that procurement officials are aware of the requirements of this order.
(b) Executive agencies shall provide training to program management and requesting activities as needed to ensure awareness of the requirements of this order.
Sec. 802. Internal Agency Awards Programs. Each agency shall develop an internal agency-wide awards program, as appropriate, to reward its most innovative environmental programs. Among others, winners of agency-wide awards will be eligible for the White House Awards Program.
Sec. 803. White House Awards Program. A Government-wide award will be presented annually by the White House to the best, most innovative programs implementing the objectives of this order to give greater visibility to these efforts so that they can be incorporated Government-wide. The White House Awards Program will be administered jointly by the FEE and the CEQ.
Sec. 901. Executive Order 12873 of October 20, 1993, is hereby revoked.
Sec. 902. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to create any right, benefit, or trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any other person.
Sec. 903. The policies and direction expressed in the EPA guidance to be developed pursuant to section 503 of this order shall be implemented and incorporated in the Federal Acquisition Regulation within 180 days after issuance of the guidance.


text:
var _ = require('lodash');
var util = require('util');

var Watcher = require('../lib/watcher');
var SerialPeripheral = require('../lib/serial-peripheral');

var logger = require('../lib/logger')('modem');

var MILLIS_PER_SEC = 1000;

function ModemWatcher(config) {
    var self = this;
    Watcher.apply(self,[logger,config,true]);

    self.on('requestRSSI',_.bind(self.requestRSSI,self));
    self.on('ready',function() {
        self.peripheral.writeBuffer('AT E1\r'); // NOTE - this will ensure AT commands are echoed
        self.emit('requestRSSI');
    });
}

util.inherits(ModemWatcher,Watcher);

ModemWatcher.MILLIS_PER_SEC = MILLIS_PER_SEC;

ModemWatcher.Reports = Object.freeze({
    RSSI: '+CSQ:'           // format: +CSQ: <rssi>,<ber>
});

ModemWatcher.prototype.ready = function(){
    return !!this.peripheral && this.peripheral.ready();
};

ModemWatcher.prototype._onStart = function(config) {
    var self = this;
    self.config = config;
    self.peripheral = new SerialPeripheral(_.defaults({retryInterval: self.retryInterval},self.config));
    self.peripheral.on('ready',function(){
        self.interval = setInterval(_.bind(self.emit,self,'requestRSSI'),self.config.rssiInterval * MILLIS_PER_SEC);
        self.emit('note','ready');
        self.emit('ready');
    });
    self.peripheral.on('retry',function(reason){
        logger.error('retry: ' + reason.message);
        self.emit('note','retry');
    });
    self.peripheral.on('error',function(error){
        logger.error('read error: ' + error.message);
        self.emit('note','error');
    });
    self.peripheral.on('data',function(data){
        _.each(data.split('\n'),function(line){
            line = _.trim(line);
            if (line.length == 0) return;
            if (self.considerLine(ModemWatcher.Reports.RSSI,line,_.bind(self.noteRSSI,self,_))) return;
        });
    });

    self.peripheral.open();
};

ModemWatcher.prototype._onStop = function() {
    if (this.interval) clearInterval(this.interval);
    this.interval = null;

    this.peripheral.close();
    this.peripheral = null;
};

ModemWatcher.prototype.considerLine = function(prefix,line,callback){
    return _.startsWith(line,prefix) && callback(line.slice(prefix.length));
};

ModemWatcher.prototype.noteRSSI = function(data){
    logger.info('RSSI:' + data);

    try {
        var parts = data.split(',');
        this.emit('rssi',Math.max(validParseInt(parts[0],10),0));
    } catch (e) {
        logger.error('rssi error: ' + e.message);
        this.emit('note','error');
    }
    return true;
};

ModemWatcher.prototype.requestRSSI = function(){
    // NOTE - send AT+CSQ commands instead of relying on ^RSSI events because BER is sent sometimes(?) and BER=0 is ambiguous
    this.requestInfo('AT+CSQ\r','requestRSSI');
};

ModemWatcher.prototype.requestInfo = function(command,event){
    var self = this;
    self.peripheral.writeBuffer(command,function(err) {
        if (!err)
            self.emit('note',event);
        else {
            logger.error('request error: ' + err.message);
            self.emit('note','error');
        }
    });
};

function validParseInt(string,base){
    var result = parseInt(string,base);
    if (isNaN(result)) throw(new Error('invalid value'));
    return result;
}

module.exports = ModemWatcher;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub