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<title>On Schemes for Exponential Decay</title>
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# On Schemes for Exponential Decay

###**Hans Petter Langtangen** at Center for Biomedical Computing, Simula Research Laboratory and Department of Informatics, University of Oslo

### May 6, 2015

.center[]

---

## Goal

The primary goal of this demo talk is to demonstrate how to write
talks with [DocOnce](https://github.com/hplgit/doconce)
and get them rendered in numerous HTML formats.

---

# Problem setting and methods

.center[]

---

## We aim to solve the (almost) simplest possible differential equation problem

$$
\begin{equation}
u'(t) = -au(t)
\label{ode}
\end{equation}
$$

$$
\begin{equation}
u(0)  = I
\label{initial:value}
\end{equation}
$$

Here,

 * \\( t\in (0,T] \\)
 * \\( a \\), \\( I \\), and \\( T \\) are prescribed parameters
 * \\( u(t) \\) is the unknown function
 * The ODE \eqref{ode} has the initial condition \eqref{initial:value}

.center[]
---

## The ODE problem is solved by a finite difference scheme

* Mesh in time: \\( 0= t_0< t_1 \cdots < t_N=T \\)
 * Assume constant \\( \Delta t = t_{n}-t_{n-1} \\)
 * \\( u^n \\): numerical approx to the exact solution at \\( t_n \\)

The \\( \theta \\) rule,

$$
u^{n+1} = \frac{1 - (1-\theta) a\Delta t}{1 + \theta a\Delta t}u^n,
\quad n=0,1,\ldots,N-1
$$

contains the [Forward Euler](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Euler_method) (\\( \theta=0 \\)),
the [Backward Euler](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_Euler_method) (\\( \theta=1 \\)),
and the [Crank-Nicolson](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank-Nicolson) (\\( \theta=0.5 \\))
schemes.
---

## The Forward Euler scheme explained

---

## Implementation

*Implementation in a Python function:*

```python
def solver(I, a, T, dt, theta):
    """Solve u'=-a*u, u(0)=I, for t in (0,T]; step: dt."""
    dt = float(dt)           # avoid integer division
    N = int(round(T/dt))     # no of time intervals
    T = N*dt                 # adjust T to fit time step dt
    u = zeros(N+1)           # array of u[n] values
    t = linspace(0, T, N+1)  # time mesh

    u[0] = I                 # assign initial condition
    for n in range(0, N):    # n=0,1,...,N-1
        u[n+1] = (1 - (1-theta)*a*dt)/(1 + theta*dt*a)*u[n]
    return u, t
```

---

## How to use the solver function

*A complete main program.*

```python
# Set problem parameters
I = 1.2
a = 0.2
T = 8
dt = 0.25
theta = 0.5

from solver import solver, exact_solution
u, t = solver(I, a, T, dt, theta)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(t, u, t, exact_solution)
plt.legend(['numerical', 'exact'])
plt.show()
```

---

# Results

.center[]

---

## The Crank-Nicolson method shows oscillatory behavior for not sufficiently small time steps, while the solution should be monotone

.center[]

---

## The artifacts can be explained by some theory

Exact solution of the scheme:

$$
u^n = A^n,\quad A = \frac{1 - (1-\theta) a\Delta t}{1 + \theta a\Delta t}\thinspace .
$$

Key results:

* Stability: \\( |A| < 1 \\)
 * No oscillations: \\( A>0 \\)
 * \\( \Delta t < 1/a \\) for Forward Euler (\\( \theta=0 \\))
 * \\( \Delta t < 2/a \\) for Crank-Nicolson (\\( \theta=1/2 \\))

*Concluding remarks:*
Only the Backward Euler scheme is guaranteed to always give
qualitatively correct results.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On May 3, 1494, Christopher Columbus sighted the island of Jamaica. Spanish colonists settled the island fifteen years later, and it fell into British hands in 1655. Although the Spanish introduced slavery to Jamaica, the British oversaw its development. By the end of the eighteenth century, Jamaica was one of the most valuable colonies in the world, its profitable plantation economy based on the production of sugar through the labor of African slaves.
Some measure of the human cost of this economy is apparent in African Slave Trade in Jamaica, and Comparative Treatment of Slaves, an essay read before the Maryland Historical Society in October 1854. In this treatise, which includes a statistical comparison of the cost of slavery in the United States and Jamaica, Moses Sheppard attempts to undercut British criticisms of American slavery by emphasizing Britain's role in the introduction of slavery to the Americas and by recounting British atrocities in Jamaica. Sheppard's essay is featured in From Slavery to Freedom: the African-American Pamphlet Collection 1822-1909. To locate more documents on this subject, search the collection on slave trade.
Jamaica gained its independence from England in 1962 but remains a member of the British commonwealth. The U.S. has long been one of Jamaica's principal trading partners.
To learn more about Christopher Columbus and the consequences of European exploration of the Americas, see the online exhibition 1492: An Ongoing Voyage or search the loc.gov on Columbus.
The African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship includes a map of West Africa During the Eighteenth Century. Many of the ports identified on the map are identified as being controlled by the English, Dutch, Danish, or French. The use of Latin, French, and Dutch place names on the map is another indication of the international interest in the African trade.
Read the chapter about Jamaica in Islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean: a Regional Study, one of the texts included in the Country Studies digital collection.
The Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789 make evident the fact that the Founding Fathers considered the Caribbean islands, including Jamaica, strategically important to trade. See, for example, the debate of October 20, 1775. These Journals are a part of A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875.
For images of a Jamaican hotel and an estate, search on the term Jamaica in the Gottscho-Schleisner Collection. Prints and Photographs Division. Note, however, that this search also retrieves images of Jamaica Avenue and Jamaica, Long Island. To refine such a search, use a more concise term, such as Jamaica, British West Indies.
Playwright William M. Inge was born in Independence, Kansas on May 3, 1913. Inge wrote several hit plays including Come Back, Little Sheba, Bus Stop, and Picnic, for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. His first play, Farther Off From Heaven (1947), was revised ten years later for Broadway as The Dark at the Top of the Stairs. Many of his plays were made into films and, in 1961, Inge won an Academy Award for his original screenplay Splendor in the Grass.
Photographer Gordon Parks was a contemporary of William Inge. He was born less than six months prior to Inge on November 30, 1912 in Kansas. He also pursued a career in the arts. Parks began taking photographs during the Great Depression and was earning his living as a self-taught fashion photographer by 1940. A fellowship allowed him to come to Washington, D.C., in 1942 and work for the Farm Security Administration. Working through the medium of photography, Parks went on to become one of America's finest social commentators. His autobiography, A Choice of Weapons(New York: Harper & Row), was published in 1966.
To develop a bibliography of works by and about individuals, use the Library of Congress Catalogs. For example, search for the name Parks, Gordon selecting Authors/Creators on the Browse page for works authored by Parks. For a list of works about Inge, use the Subject Browse on Inge, William M. to find things such as biographies of his life or literary criticism and interpretation of his writing.
Select the name Gordon Parks from the Contributors Index of Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives, to view more than 1,600 photographs taken by Parks. Learn how the work of Gordon Parks was influenced by his time with the Farm Security Administration. Select Ella Watson United States Government Charwoman from the online article Documenting America in the same collection.
Search Today in History on playwright to locate more material on American dramatists. Read, for example, about James Baldwin.


text:
On Networking: It's Not About You
By: Jason Criss Howk
In the fall of 2002, I was a first lieutenant on the 82nd Airborne Division Staff in Afghanistan when I was selected by Major General Karl Eikenberry to be his aide. I extended my 4-month tour to a year-long deployment, and transplanted myself into the US Embassy in less than a week.
It was the best job a junior staff officer could get in the country. It was the equivalent to a master's degree in international relations. But more than that it was a chance to learn about the power of constant networking, or what I refer to as Eikenberry's 5% rule.
Over the course of 10 months, I spent 18 hours a day with Karl Eikenberry. I watched him use every minute of his day, every event, every meeting to network with others that could help achieve America's broader mission.
When most people here the word networking they immediately think of it in a bad light. It's for brown-nosers or people looking to cheat the army promotion and assignment system. But there's another way to look at it. It's the way some of our most successful war-time leaders view it.
Networking is not about you. Not about your next job. Not about an early promotion. Not about your selfish desires.
Networking is what makes good leaders great. It's about connecting every single person in the JIIM universe that might be able to make America's broad mission successful. Since 2001 some "masters of networking" have revolutionized military units like the Joint Special Operations Command, making it the model for other military units and interagency cooperation. In the end, networking is the glue that connects "teams of teams."
Networkers know every primary, secondary, and tertiary person in the world that is involved in some way with their project. If you are a counter-terrorism (CT) specialist or serving in a unit dedicated to CT then you are "networked" qualified when you can easily reach out to your colleagues in academia, the intelligence community, at the UN, in our allies and partner nations, at State, over at the NSC, in OSD, on the Joint Staff, and in the non-profit and Non-governmental (NGO) community. That list is just the tip of the iceberg for places you need to have professional contacts.
So how do you get there? Let's look at the 5 percent rule of networking.
The 5 percent rule as Eik explained it in 2002
Soon after arriving at the Embassy in Kabul, MG Eikenberry explained to me how he likes to work as we started developing his battle rhythm and short and long-term calendars. He started by telling me about Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, AKA "Mr. Five Percent."
Calouste earned his nickname for his business habit of always keeping 5% of the shares from the oil companies he developed in the early age of oil exploration.
His ancestry was Armenian and Calouste lived from 1869-1955. He was a Petroleum Engineer by education and British businessman, and held many other jobs, causing him to live in multiple cities like London, Lisbon, Paris and Constantinople (Modern Istanbul). As a result of his role in helping the West access the Middle East's petroleum (the first into Iraq) he became one of the wealthiest people in the world. Later as a philanthropist he established churches, hospitals, and schools, and also became an art collector amassing a vast private collection.
But even Mr. 5% didn't just "take a cut" from everyone else in life. Before and after his death, he used his profits to conduct philanthropy. Today a Portuguese charitable foundation that is funded partly by oil money bears his name and focuses on art, music and science. (The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation )
So that is interesting I thought. But what does an oilman have to do with getting your work done as an Army officer?
Eikenberry explained how he refined the five percent rule. Every single moment of his day he looks for people to help and then he dedicates 5% of his day to helping connect people from various organizations and agencies that need to know each other. So, when we ran into an Afghan official that was trying to demobilize a militia in Balkh province we made sure he was
MG Karl Eikenberry by Pat Dowden, USCG (Ret)
linked-up with the political officer at the UN and the Japanese deputy ambassador at their embassy. It didn't take a lot of time to connect the people. It may or may not have even been a task or mission related to his, but he kept track of all the people he met and what they specialized in. Then he simply ensured that people focused on the same task knew who else should be on their team.
Eikenberry turned the idea of taking 5 percent from every transaction into giving 5 percent of yourself to other people for the good of the larger enterprise.
But you are too busy to network
I get it. You're not a two-star and don't have a robust staff, and clearly Karl Eikenberry must have spent valuable hours outside of his own job to do this. You just don't have the time or bandwidth to follow Eikenberry's 5 percent rule. Let's look at what he was tasked with by the SecDef while he was networking his butt off.
MG Eikenberry had just 1 year to help the (10-month-old) Afghan government to build its first Afghan Army Corps in the new Afghan National Army (ANA). In American terms that meant build 3 brigade combat teams and have them ready to fight in less than a year. That was only part 1 of the first task. He also had to create and implement a reform plan for the Afghan ministry of defense and General Staff; build the Afghan Army TRADOC equivalent schools, and multiple garrison commands; and then develop a network of nations and international organizations that would support the ANA—then increase it. Along the way he needed to get the Afghan people and government to fully support the new Army—easy peazy. And last but not least, build the airplane in flight: design a long-term U.S. Office of Military Cooperation unit structure that had to include, US military, civilians, coalition military, contractors, and Afghan civilians and military members. It did help that he was a certified pilot.
His second job in Afghanistan was to act on behalf of the United States as the Security Sector Coordinator for all the international bodies involved with helping the Afghans build and reform their entire security sector (known as Security Sector Reform or SSR). As decided by the UN that meant build or improve the justice system, build an Army, build the police and border patrol, counter narcotics, and demobilize and reintegrate the civil war era militias that had also fought the Soviets and the Talban. He worked with the Leader of the UN Afghanistan mission and they conducted the first U.S.-led SSR operation with their partners Italy, Germany, Britain, and Japan/UN. Along the way he was to train the Afghans about SSR and guide them to taking over the program in the long-run.
You can become a great networker. Karl Eikenberry did all the above with a shoe-string budget and pint-sized staff.
To read more about this first U.S. effort at SSR read this monograph.
The 5 percent model in action
Karl built and maintained a massive network by turning every event into an opportunity to connect with and to connect others. He used every meal to talk to various people involved in the Afghan mission. He took various staff and acquaintances (no matter who their boss was) with him as he went about his daily routine. He communicated constantly by phone and email—late into the evenings and early in the mornings. Eikenberry listened. He soaked up the missions and issues of every person he met and would jot down a note or two or nod at me to make the right connection to help ease his colleague's pain. He knew how to gently bring people together that didn't know each other, but needed to be best friends. Meals were a great moment to do this. He asked his staff to find linkages between all the players on the Afghan chess board and to make them stronger. He didn't want you to ask for permission to make the network stronger, he expected you to make it happen as if it was second-nature to do so.
Karl simply kept track of all the activity going on around him and helped facilitate collaboration that no one thought possible.
How did he learn to do this?
You may not have a career path like Karl Eikenberry's, but you can still become a great networker. Karl was an Infantry officer who grew up in Airborne, Light, and Ranger units. He learned to lead and to work around leaders that acted without seeking permission as they had the end-state of the mission stamped into their brains. But his networking skills really grew as a Foreign Area Officer assigned to China. Armed with a Master's Degree and a strong capability with the Chinese language Karl traveled the country and excelled working in Embassies and diplomatic circles. He learned how to get diverse groups of people to move in one direction and make them all think it was their idea.
Learn to live on 5 hours of sleep and 1 or 2 meals a day working 6.5 days a week forever fueled by diet coke. OK, if you are not up for the exact Eikenberry model of the 5 Percent rule then use the Howk model.
I refined the 5 percent rule into the 50% rule. I spent the rest of my career using every other minute of the day to ensure other people on my team, and
GEN Stanley McChrystal by Pat Dowden, USCG (Ret)
connected to my team, were communicating and collaborating. As McChrystal might describe it today, I was gardening. My success came from ensuring my people were able to grow and their projects ripen. (I was lucky enough to work closely with him as well and combined his networking genius with Karl's.)
My network didn't get me promoted early, didn't get me the dream jobs I wanted, and didn't make me wealthy. But it allowed me to always achieve my own narrow missions, to help my colleagues to achieve their assignments, and most importantly helped the larger enterprise accomplish the broader mission. Finally, networking allowed me to retire satisfied with my career and to constantly get reports from my old network about their successes in life..
How I network
Use LinkedIn to help others not just help yourself. Reach out to people in your career field from diverse backgrounds and communicate. Offer help.
Correspondence. Write often and write succinctly. Don't let messages linger in your inbox, get a note back and always prioritize requests for help from colleagues.
Mentor and find a mentor. Mentorship is a key element of networking. If you don't spend part of your day mentoring (informal is often best) then you are missing out. Help your peers, mentor down, and when you can gently mentor up. A colleague wrote a great article on the topic.
Give more than you take. If you network in order to get others to help you and never give back, it will be noticed. Spend your day helping others and when the time comes they will be there to assist you. If you find they are selfish later then stop interacting with those parts of your network. It has a way of sorting itself out—nothing to get to too worried about.
Stop what you are doing to help a friend (see my article on 21 things great leaders do). If a colleague, especially a close friend, asks for help stop what you are doing immediately and help them. People don't like to ask for help so they are coming to you for a reason. A great reputation to build is to be the person that always helps a friend in need. In the national security world that reputation is gold. You will get access to everything because they know you will add to the project and help it be successful.
Be nice. This should not have to be said but I worked with some real A-holes in my career and they always seemed to be wondering why no one would volunteer to help them out with big tasks. Just be kind to everyone and don't burn any bridges. Not rocket science.
Take odd assignments. If your organization asks you to do something you aren't trained for and which seems very difficult and likely to fail—that's a good thing. They believe you can fix it. Don't let it go to your head…you are not that amazing. You just seem like the person that can figure anything out. Again, that's a golden reputation. So, don't turn down the weird/challenging assignments—give it your usual 100%.
Be a sponge when you work with new teams. To be a great networker you need to understand the capabilities of other organizations so ask questions and learn all you can, whenever you can. It takes a curious mind to be a networked leader—curiosity is good.
Go do it. You will be a bit overwhelmed at first but it will get easier. I was blessed to have worked with so many committed and talented people over the years and now (as ever) my sole mission is to continue to help them in any way I can.
Jason Criss Howk is an award-winning author, instructor, and public speaker. He talks nationally about Islam and published The Qur'an: A Chronological Modern English Interpretation in 2017. He is launching an Islam 101 podcast called "Were Just Talking About It" in June 2018 with his producer Hollie Fleck.
Future Army Leaders: Expert Specialists or Master Generalists?
An XO's Guide to Staff Dominance
3 thoughts on "On Networking: It's Not About You"
Stephen H. Franke
Thanks for posting this fine and insightful article.
The discussion is very germane to the awareness, adaptability and related skills a US military advisor / trainer / "force modernizer" needs to know and practice when interacting with his or her constellation of foreign contacts when in-country or as a staffer at a COCOM (i.e. USCENTCOM, SOCCENT, ARCENT, et al) who relates and deals with embedded liaison officers and other foreign / external representatives who have similar interests and engagement in development and execution of the command's Theater Security Cooperation Program (TSCP).
Based on his career and remarkable success as a attache in China, MG Eikenberry is a legend / role model in the community of U.S. Army FAOs.
Thanks again. Today is Tuesday, 12 June 2018.
LTC, FAO (48G Middle East – long-time "Gulfie")
U.S. Army Retired
San Pedro, California
Already a subscriber and publicizer of this blog.
Jason Criss Howk
My honor to write for Joe. My luck to serve with a FAO legend. Humbled to have gotten a chance to pass on the great lessons my mentors took the time to teach me.
Pingback: Thoughts On Networking | Western Rifle Shooters Association

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Posted by Posh The Socialite August 19, 2011
D.M.V Artist New Video: Uptown XO Video "Black America"
Born and bred Washington DC wordsmith, Uptown X.O, and multimedia production collaborative, CLCTVE, have once again joined forces to craft the Diamond District emcee's latest visual, "Black America". The politically charged record, produced by A.B the Pro, is a lyrical diatribe aimed at our nations governing hierarchies for their perceived roles in the ongoing "black plight" that continues to disconnect many from mainstream society. Fittingly enough, the visual depicts X.O delivering his controversial message directly within the political apex of America, Downtown Washington, where government buildings tower over a gentrified community once known as "Chocolate City". Inspired by Mario Van Peebles' early 90's cult classic, New Jack City, "Black America" features intertwining excerpts from the film which serve as a backdrop for the Crack Cocaine epidemic that X.O makes references to in the song. The rapper's latest project, "Monumental II", a follow up to its 2009 critically acclaimed predecessor "Monumental", is set to release Tuesday, August 30th. The album features production in its entirety from A.B the Pro and contains guest features from Fat Trel and X.O's Diamond District crew, among others. Be on the lookout for "Monumental II" and more CLCTVE directed presentations from X.O.


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The effect of coronavirus (COVID-19) on AMF: Update, 18 March 2020
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and continuity of AMF operations - Update 22 Apr 2020
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and increased AMF funding need - Update 25 Mar 2020
Created on Thursday 26 Mar 2020 09:18 by Rob Mather
The WHO has urged countries to ensure the continuity of malaria services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic because reducing malaria can be expected to reduce the impact of COVID-19.
We are discussing the situation regularly with all partners and it seems likely that the best way for AMF to contribute to reducing the impact of the pandemic on both COVID-19 and malaria morbidity and mortality will be to fund more nets.
Initially, this will be for AMF's three programmes with upcoming distributions, in DRC, Uganda and Togo, that involve distributing 30 million nets. We are now increasing our focus on raising funds to enable us to fund these additional nets.
The WHO has issued guidance that urges countries to ensure the continuity of malaria services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
"As COVID-19 continues its rapid spread, WHO would like to send a clear message to malaria-affected countries in Africa," said Dr Pedro Alonso, Director of the WHO Global Malaria Programme. "Do not scale back your planned malaria prevention, diagnostic and treatment activities."
Ensuring access to core malaria prevention measures is an important strategy for reducing the strain on health systems; these include vector control measures, such as insecticide-treated nets…"
The experience of the Ebola outbreak in 2014-2016 showed the importance of maintaining, and indeed increasing, malaria control activities to help reduce the morbidity (illness) and mortality from Ebola and malaria.
"During the Ebola outbreak, malaria mortality increased as net distributions ceased and health systems ran out of drugs. Close resemblance of early Ebola symptoms with those of malaria, led to difficulties in early diagnosis. Fear on the part of community members of contracting ebola in the health-care facilities prevented those suffering from malaria from seeking treatment. As Ebola overwhelmed health-care infrastructure, insufficient resources for malaria control in these regions led to increased mortality and morbidity. COVID-19 is likely to create similar problems. Lessons learned from this Ebola crisis show that preventive measures against both the COVID-19 threat and the existing malaria are required."
An attempt at quantifying the impact of the 2014-2016 outbreak was carried out by researchers as published in The Lancet., an extract of which is shown below:
"Findings
If malaria care ceased as a result of the Ebola epidemic, untreated cases of malaria would have increased by 45% (95% credible interval 43–49) in Guinea, 88% (83–93) in Sierra Leone, and 140% (135–147) in Liberia in 2014. This increase is equivalent to 3·5 million (95% credible interval 2·6 million to 4·9 million) additional untreated cases, with 10 900 (5700–21 400) additional malaria-attributable deaths. Mass drug administration and distribution of insecticide-treated bednets timed to coincide with the 2015 malaria transmission season could largely mitigate the effect of Ebola virus disease on malaria.
These findings suggest that untreated malaria cases as a result of reduced health-care capacity probably contributed substantially to the morbidity caused by the Ebola crisis."
A March 16, 2020 article in the Lancet discussed the importance of 'Preparedness is essential for malaria-endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic' and the continuity of malaria control activities.
"These features of COVID-19 and the previous experiences of the Ebola outbreak point to the need for malaria-endemic countries to consider preventive measures against not only the COVID-19 threat but also its likely impact on existing malaria control efforts.
Resource allocation should be optimised whenever possible to ensure minimal disruption to malaria control should COVID-19 management become necessary.
…the distribution of ITNs might be considered for short-term malaria relief in hyperendemic areas. Such measures would also aid efforts in COVID-19 management by reducing the strain on medical resources and minimising confounding factors in diagnosis.
…malaria-endemic countries must be prepared for the challenges that COVID-19 might bring while minimising disruption to malaria control."
It is likely AMF will need to fund more nets for the three programmes we are currently in the middle of (in DRC, Uganda and Togo) that involve distributing 30 million nets. Some adjustments to our standard process may also be necessary to reduce the risk of infection through the net distributions.
The likely additional net need is because as people become infected in these countries, which is to be expected, they will need to sleep separately from other family members so more nets will be needed. Nets may also last for less time, if for example people increase the frequency and intensity of washing nets due to hygiene measures for COVID-19.
The continuation of the net distributions is seen by all of us in malaria control as vitally important to prevent increased and high levels of malaria as co-morbidity suggests that this would lead to an even greater impact from COVID-19.
Given funding requests to AMF prior to the COVID-19 outbreak already substantially exceeded the funds we have available, we expect our funding to come under further strain and are focusing further on raising funds to ensure we can play as much a part as we can in reducing malaria and the impact of COVID-19.


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Q: grouping similar models in a Backbone collection I have a Backbone collection, where I am iterating through and looking up mdl.get('group'). This returns:
[undefined, undefined, group, group, group, undefined, group, group, group, undefined, group, group]
What I would like it to return is arrays (or collections) of those group models:
[undefined, undefined, [group], undefined, [group], undefined, [group]
I am trying to think of the best way to:

*

*iterate through the object

*return 'undefined' values without changing them

*find siblings with similar values

*collapse them into an array, within the object

Much like the _.groupBy method, but I need to retain the correct order of the models within the object.
I would love some ideas on how to approach this. So far I'm stumbling on how to tackle this one correctly.
thanks!

A: After some tinkering, came up with this solution. I extended Array.prototype so that you can easily drop it in. You can make an Underscore extension or a Collection.prototype method out of it:
Array.prototype.pack = function(field) {
    var result = [], target, lastItem;
    while(this.length > 0) {
        var item = this.shift();
        if(item === undefined) {
            target = result;
        } else {
            if(!lastItem || item[field] != lastItem[field]) {
                target = [];
                result.push(target);
            }
        }
        target.push(item);
        lastItem = item;
    }
    return result;
}

Note it wasn't heavy tested, and for sure it can be refined, but should give you an idea.
You can use it like this:
models.pack("name")

where models is a plain array like [undefined, {field:value}].
Tried to be as concise as possible. A working demo here: http://jsfiddle.net/YZQ6v/

A: You can use collection.groupBy() to do this. First groupBy "group" to create a hash of grouped models then use collection.map to map the siblings onto the models.
Here is a fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/puleos/w7drB/
var models = [
    {name: "Scott", group: "alpha"},
    {name: "Rose", group: "alpha"},
    {name: "Charles", group: "alpha"},
    {name: "Stan"},
    {name: "John"},
    {name: "Mary", group: "beta"},
    {name: "Dan", group: "beta"},
    {name: "Paul", group: "beta"},
    {name: "Grace"},
    {name: "Sarah", group: "omega"}
];

var SourceCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({});

var sourceCollection = new SourceCollection(models);
var grouped = sourceCollection.groupBy('group');

sourceCollection.map(function(model) {
  if(model.has("group")) {
      model.set({siblings: grouped[model.get("group")]});
  }
});

// sourceCollection with siblings
console.log(sourceCollection);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For a .pdf of my CV, click here.
Supervised by Dr Nir Piterman, working on formal methods for probabilistic systems. Supported by the Department of Informatics through a Graduate Teaching Assistantship.
Final dissertation: "Automata-Theoretic Techniques for Probabilistic μ-Calculus", supervised by Dr Nir Piterman.
Thesis: "Simulation and Analysis of a Reservation Marketplace", supervised by Dr Massimo Bartoletti.
As Graduate Teaching Assistant, my role includes: helping during labs, surgeries, and problem classes; coursework marking; exam invigilations; and one-to-one or small groups teaching.
CO7105 — Advanced C++ Programming.


text:
Q: How to populate my dictionary without a list? I had an assignment to take a text file and find out who sent the most emails. I got the correct answer but the TA said I had to make a list because I had an uneeded for loop
name = input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1 : name = "mbox-short.txt"
handle = open(name)
email_dict = dict()
email_list = list()
for lines in handle:
    lines = lines.strip()
    if not lines.startswith('From '): continue
    from_lines = lines.split()
    email_list = [from_lines[1]]

    for email in email_list:
        email_dict[email] = email_dict.get(email,0) + 1

prolific_committer = None
bigcount = None

for email, count in email_dict.items():
    if prolific_committer is None or count > bigcount:
        prolific_committer = email
        bigcount = count
print(prolific_committer,bigcount)

How could I clean this up but more importantly why? I'm still learning and I'm understanding a lot of the concepts on their own. It's putting it all together is where I'm struggling.

A: Fixed it
name = input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1 : name = "mbox-short.txt"
handle = open(name)
email_dict = dict()
email_list = list()
for lines in handle:
    lines = lines.strip()
    if not lines.startswith('From '): continue
    from_lines = lines.split()
    from_lines = from_lines[1]
    email_dict[from_lines] = email_dict.get(from_lines,0) + 1

prolific_committer = None
bigcount = None

for email, count in email_dict.items():
    if prolific_committer is None or count > bigcount:
        prolific_committer = email
        bigcount = count
print(prolific_committer,bigcount)


Power and Water crews from Darwin and Katherine were deployed to all areas affected by ex-Tropical Cyclone Trevor once clearance was given by police survey teams on Sunday.
Charter planes were on standby to transport crews while equipment was sent by road.
As of late Sunday, services were restored to Groote Eylandt, Bickerton Island, Ngukurr and Rittarangu.
Precautionary boil water alerts remain in place for all areas with the exception of Groote Eylandt, which was lifted by the Department of Health prior to residents returning.
In Borroloola, crews reported damage to a number of the high voltage and low voltage powerlines. There are 12 domestic service lines requiring repairs, which will require a Certificate of Compliance to be issued before power supply can be restored.
Robinson River remains inaccessible by road, however some power has been restored. Once the roads are re-opened and heavy vehicle access allowed, response teams will be able to carry out the necessary repairs to the low voltage powerlines.
Our priority is to safely restore all essentials services as quickly as possible and enable the evacuated residents of the communities to return home soon.


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Baldwin Roofing Construction: Manorville Residential Roofing Manorville New York , Emergency Roofing Repairs and even Complete Roofing Replacements. Numerous of new consumers yearly count house roofers.


text:
Q: Deploying 2 Namespaces With 1 MongoDB Instance In Each I am attempting to deploy 2 MongoDB instances; 1 to the staging namespace and 1 to the production namespace. My staging deployment is running fine, however the production data-retriever deployment crashes with the error MongoNetworkError: getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND
I am sure this is something that has been achieved before but I cannot find any documentation on achieving the desired outcome above.
The following YAML files are being used and the key differences are in the serviceName change in statefulset-prod.yml and MONGODB_URI in the environment variables of deployment-prod.yml:
service-staging.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mongodb
  namespace: staging
  labels:
    app: my-app
    environment: staging
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    protocol: TCP
    port: 27017
    targetPort: 27017
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    role: mongodb
    environment: staging

service-prod.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mongodb-production
  namespace: production
  labels:
    app: my-app
    environment: production
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    protocol: TCP
    port: 27017
    targetPort: 27017
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    role: mongodb-production
    environment: production

statefulset-staging.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mongodb-staging
  namespace: staging
  labels:
    app: my-app
    environment: staging
  annotations:
        prometheus.io.scrape: "true"
spec:
  serviceName: "mongodb"
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        role: mongodb
        environment: staging
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
        - name: mongo
          image: mongo
          command:
            - mongod
            - "--replSet"
            - rs0
            - "--smallfiles"
            - "--noprealloc"
            - "--bind_ip_all"
            - "--wiredTigerCacheSizeGB=0.5"
          ports:
            - containerPort: 27017
          volumeMounts:
            - name: mongo-persistent-storage
              mountPath: /data/db
        - name: mongo-sidecar
          image: cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar
          env:
            - name: MONGO_SIDECAR_POD_LABELS
              value: "role=mongodb,environment=staging"
            - name: KUBERNETES_MONGO_SERVICE_NAME
              value: "mongodb"
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: mongo-persistent-storage
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: fast-storage
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 25Gi

statefulset-prod.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mongodb-production
  namespace: production
  labels:
    app: my-app
    environment: production
  annotations:
        prometheus.io.scrape: "true"
spec:
  serviceName: "mongodb-production"
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        role: mongodb-production
        environment: production
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
        - name: mongo
          image: mongo
          command:
            - mongod
            - "--replSet"
            - rs0
            - "--smallfiles"
            - "--noprealloc"
            - "--bind_ip_all"
            - "--wiredTigerCacheSizeGB=0.5"
          ports:
            - containerPort: 27017
          volumeMounts:
            - name: mongo-persistent-storage
              mountPath: /data/db
        - name: mongo-sidecar
          image: cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar
          env:
            - name: MONGO_SIDECAR_POD_LABELS
              value: "role=mongodb-production,environment=production"
            - name: KUBERNETES_MONGO_SERVICE_NAME
              value: "mongodb-production"
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: mongo-persistent-storage
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: fast-storage
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 25Gi

deployment-staging.yml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: data-retriever-deployment
  namespace: staging
  labels:
    app: data-retriever
    environment: staging
spec:
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: data-retriever
        environment: staging
        tier: backend
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - labelSelector:
              matchExpressions:
              - key: app
                operator: In
                values:
                - data-retriever
            topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: gitlab-reg
      containers:
      - name: data-retriever
        image: registry.gitlab.com/xxx/xxx:latest
        env:
        - name: MONGODB_URI
          value: "mongodb://mongodb:27017/appdb_staging?replicaSet=rs0"
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "staging"

deployment-prod.yml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: data-retriever-deployment
  namespace: production
  labels:
    app: data-retriever
    environment: production
spec:
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: data-retriever
        environment: production
        tier: backend
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - labelSelector:
              matchExpressions:
              - key: app
                operator: In
                values:
                - data-retriever
            topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      imagePullSecrets:
        - name: gitlab-reg
      containers:
      - name: data-retriever
        image: registry.gitlab.com/xxx/xxx:latest
        env:
        - name: MONGODB_URI
          value: "mongodb://mongodb-production:27017/appdb_production?replicaSet=rs0"
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "production"

Logs
Unable to connect to database: MongoNetworkError: failed to connect to server [mongodb:27017] on first connect [MongoNetworkError: getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND mongodb mongodb:27017]

Unable to connect to database: MongoNetworkError: failed to connect to server [mongodb:27017] on first connect [MongoNetworkError: getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND mongodb mongodb:27017]
    at NativeConnection.db.on (/app/services/mongoose.service.js:25:19)
    at emitOne (events.js:116:13)
    at NativeConnection.emit (events.js:211:7)
    at process.nextTick (/node_modules/mongoose/lib/connection.js:575:37)
    at _combinedTickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:132:7)
    at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:181:9)


It's movie night tonight, and I decided to make SUGARED POPCORN! This is super easy. My mom used to always make it for us when I was growing up. So, I decided to make some for tonight. Isn't it PRETTY?!? The thing I LOVE about SUGARED POPCORN, is it's not sticky, and not very messy.
Whatever food coloring and flavoring you want.
You can test the flavor as you go.
Bring all ingredients to a boil over medium to high heat, stirring constantly. Boil for two minutes. Remove from heat, and pour over two batches of popped popcorn. Stir to ensure all kernels are coated, and the sugar appears dry. Enjoy!
My mom always dyed the almond blue.
These are pretty much the only flavors I had on hand today.
Have a Yummy & Creative Day!
Almost too pretty to eat! This would be so pretty layered in an apothecary jar and given as a Spring/Easter gift. Hmmm...You have inspired me. Thanks for sharing Risa!
This kind of reminds me of the cinnamon sugar popcorn my brother always made. A stick of butter, melted, poured of the popped popcorn, then sprinkle with cinnamon sugar. Sooooo good! I need to try this recipe.
How many cups of popcorn and how much cinnamon? I am no good at guessing. But it sounds yummy.
looks so yummy. I will have to try it. love the colors.
This sounds super yummy...must give it a try SOON!
I tried lemon and vanilla today, my kids loved it! Thanks for the recipe, I love your blog!
I'm going to try this later today! :) Great idea!
I'm with the other Emily. I stink at guess. How much is a "batch of popped corn". My air popper does 1/2 c. of kernels at a time. Is that a batch?
Thanks so much for the idea. I'm looking forward to surprising the hubs with cinnamon popcorn. It was a childhood fav of his too.
When you say, "a batch of popped corn" how much-ish is that? My air popper pops 1/2 c. of kernels at a time. Is that a batch?
Thanks so much for the idea. I'm already excited to try it!
Yes, that is about 1/2 cup unpopped kernels. That's a good question I will update the post. Thanks again!
I just made 2 different batches of this and the sugar is far from dry. Im hoping it hardens like candy cuz it tastes fantastic!
I LOVE POPCORN! I AM TRYING THIS TODAY. I JUST WISH I COULD POST TO PINTEREST OR I GUESS THAT WOULD BE "PIN" TO PINTEREST!
1/2 cup of umpopped makes popped corn for recipe. However you can make a lighter coating with more popcorn. I use good old jiffy pop.


This entry was posted on Saturday, November 3rd, 2018 at 2:00 am and is filed under events, News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
Kilcummin (Kerry) defeated Kilrush Shamrocks (Clare) by 0-10 to 0-7 in the AIB Munster Club Intermediate Football Championship Quarter-Final on Saturday November 3rd at Kilrush.
This entry was posted on Saturday, November 3rd, 2018 at 12:00 am and is filed under events, News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
Fermoy (Cork) defeated Galbally (Limerick) by 4-9 to 0-6 in the AIB Munster Club Intermediate Football Championship Quarter-Final on Saturday November 3rd at Fermoy.


text:
Home>Ingredients
The road to natural, day 2: Missed connections
The distance between farmer and producer can be small on the map but vast in understanding.
Rick Polito | Apr 29, 2017
Nutrition Business Journal Editor-in-Chief Rick Polito and aronia berry farmer Andrew Pittz set off on a journey from Boulder, Colorado, to Anaheim, California, visiting farms and interviewing industry leaders and politicians along the way to explore the connection between American agriculture and the dietary supplement and functional food industries. This is part two of five. Read the rest here.
With the morning sun still low in the sky, the drive to Salt Lake City offers a rhythm of light and shadow. A lake broad, open and bright. A narrow canyon thrown into shade. The snow of Park City alternates between a glare of white and shaded gray. It's fit for a symphony.
But Andrew wants to listen to country again. He explains to me that it's "Outlaw Country," a satellite radio station that offers "Country with an Edge."
I'm unconvinced, and turn the audio down so we can talk and chart out the day.
It will be our longest stretch—the western edge of Wyoming to Sacramento, with a whole lot of very little in between before entering California with the worrisome challenge of a winter crossing of Donner Summit. We have a schedule of dash-cam phone interviews to punctuate the 700-something miles, but I warn Andrew that Nevada will be our bleakest stretch. There's not much agriculture in Nevada, and the only crop they're raising along the I-80 route is inmates. Prisons are the only notable economic activity we will see.
But first there will be breakfast with Loren Israelsen in the Salt Lake City neighborhood near his home. Israelsen is the president of the United Natural Products Alliance and a veteran of the supplement trade. He'd promised to gather a group of industry executives who could talk about supply chain challenges and the business of ingredients.
We find parking across the street from the cafe, the only business on a tree-lined street, and meet Loren and his wife, Corinne. There is no coterie of industry heavyweights, no inside scoop on supply chain shenanigans.
There's something, and somebody, much more important. There's Avenues Bistro on Third and its owner, Kathie Chadbourne.
A beaming smile in middle age, Chadbourne has no history in natural products. She doesn't go to Expo West. She knows Loren from the neighborhood, not the UNPA. But she understands an element in our mission that we could easily have forgotten.
Chadbourne understands community.
There is a simple something about food, where it comes from and how it is shared, that builds connections. Some of the food she serves comes from a garden behind the bistro. Some of it comes from neighbor's gardens and fruit trees. The small wood-framed building dates to 1905 and has a history built into the wood plank structure by all the businesses it has housed—Chadbourne includes the story of the downstairs speakeasy in her enthusiastic tour of the grounds and the building's numerous nooks.
In its current identity, the building is a focal point for the neighborhood, and Chadbourne happily calls out to families passing by. A sign looking over the dining room spells out her mission statement in bold letters: Community, Conversation, Cuisine. "In that order," she says, emphatically.
Getting people to think about how they eat and to think about their connection to the farmers and the supply chain means getting them to think about community and connection. She gushes about the children who "get to see where food comes from for the first time" and tells a story about a group of teens who came for a tour, shuffling, shrugging and disinterested. Then she walked them through.
They saw the gardens. They saw the fruit trees, the bee hives. They saw how the food was gathered and cooked. The too-cool-to-care teens were transformed, she tells us. "They all wanted to hold the chickens."
Food, when it's connected to community, has that power, she tells us.
Local doesn't have to be measured in the miles from farm to plate. It's measured in connections, she tells us. "This is a restaurant where people in these apartments over there and these mansions over here can all come together," Chadbourne says. "Everything is centered around food, but the essence of the bistro is community."
At our table, after breakfast (all organic, all delicious) Israelsen reminds us that the nutrition industry, in its best moments, should be much the same as what we've seen in Chadbourne's Bistro. "We are a community of people. It's shared ideas. It's a shared sense of common purpose that really holds us together," he tells us. That community could be widened to include the connection to food and farmers, and it would be stronger. That's what he wanted to show us with a simple breakfast instead of the executives roundtable we'd expected.
We drive out of Salt Lake City smiling. Chadbourne's grin was infectious that way. Andrew was exuberant about the power of "place-based businesses" and how farms can claim that identity. I was impressed to the point of jealousy. We all need connection and community, and we need the passion for creating it that Chadbourne exudes.
It's most of what we talk about for the next 50 miles, as we drive into the two-dimensional expanse of Utah's salt flats.
But of course we have phone calls to make, and a dash cam to use.
Kantha Shelke answers the phone as we cross the border into Nevada. She is a consultant to the nutrition industry, and she is always willing to take that industry to task. We reach her in our first miles into the bleak line I-80 traces across Nevada, an expanse of dirt and rock, punctuated by trailer parks, gas stations and the occasional penitentiary. We welcome the distraction and the conversation.
For Shelke, the story of transparency finds its opening chapters on farms and yet, she says, the relationships between the farmers and the marketers making the transparency claims can be tenuous to nonexistent.
There is no connection like the ones we saw Chadbourne draw for us 200 miles ago. Manufacturers and marketers might be many time zones and thousands of miles, entire hemispheres away from the farms that produce the ingredients in the products they sell, Shelke explains. "When you are that remote, you don't have that connection. You don't have that empathy, you don't have that understanding."
Consumers have an expectation of transparency. Food and supplement companies have an obligation to it, Shelke says.
That obligation cannot be answered without connection, and connection between brands and farmers is sorely lacking, she observes. A supply chain that begins on American farms and ends in American products could be part of an answer.
Connecting supplement makers with American farmers has always been a complicated proposition, but a convergence of forces could be making that connection stronger. When we reach Council for Responsible Nutrition President Steve Mister, he tells us several of those forces should remain top of mind for more supplement companies. The Food Safety and Modernization Act, requiring more documentation of ingredient sourcing, is one. New scrutiny of ingredient identity, including industry-led programs, is another.
But transparency may be the biggest one of all. People who want to know where their food comes from now have the technology to find out. Companies that don't offer trace-it-back to the farm technology could be at an increasing disadvantage with those consumers. Tracing it back to an American farm might be even more important. "For that niche of consumers, there would be a greater interest in having U.S. farmers in there and competing," Mister says.
That's when the connection to farmers becomes practical, profitable and possibly essential.
The sun sets early at the eastern base of the Sierra, and we reach the outskirts of Reno at dusk. The gambling town that calls itself "The World's Biggest Little City" isn't very exciting to look at from the highway, but it'd be a place to stop after so many miles in the car.
Except we can't stop. Donner Summit is ahead.
Donner Summit is not to be taken lightly. Anybody in Northern California who has held both a driver's license and a lift ticket probably has a tale of traffic trauma to tell that begins somewhere near the summit and stays there, for hours. In this drought-busting year, the season's snowfall in the area is approaching 50 feet by the week of our trip. Yes, feet. We've already rescheduled the trip specifically to avoid an impending storm, but we are still racing to get over the summit before that storm arrives.
We do, but barely. Visibility is in the cringe-and-hold-tight range. Fog and snow sweep across the highway, and the lanes are difficult to define.
Andrew leans forward over the wheel. I hold tight and double check my seat belt. But we make it.
And then it's truly all downhill to Sacramento, a burger and bed.
This series was underwritten by:
TAGS: General
Hemp from the ground up - infographic
How strengthening botanical ingredient verification helps build consumer trust
Choline is an essential nutrient, yet 90% of people may not get enough
Kemin invests in China to drive enzyme innovation, expand product portfolio


text:
/*
 Tests for a leak tag
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include "unity.h"
#include "esp_heap_caps_init.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include <stdlib.h>

static char* check_calloc(int size)
{
    char *arr = calloc(size, sizeof(char));
    TEST_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(arr);
    return arr;
}

TEST_CASE("Check for leaks (no leak)", "[test_utils]")
{
    char *arr = check_calloc(1000);
    free(arr);
}

TEST_CASE("Check for leaks (leak)", "[test_utils][ignore]")
{
    check_calloc(1000);
}

TEST_CASE("Not check for leaks", "[test_utils][leaks]")
{
    check_calloc(1000);
}

TEST_CASE("Set a leak level = 7016", "[test_utils][leaks=7016]")
{
    check_calloc(7000);
}

static void test_fn(void)
{
    check_calloc(1000);
}

TEST_CASE_MULTIPLE_STAGES("Not check for leaks in MULTIPLE_STAGES mode", "[test_utils][leaks]", test_fn, test_fn, test_fn);

TEST_CASE_MULTIPLE_STAGES("Check for leaks in MULTIPLE_STAGES mode (leak)", "[test_utils][ignore]", test_fn, test_fn, test_fn);

static void test_fn2(void)
{
    check_calloc(1000);
    esp_restart();
}

static void test_fn3(void)
{
    check_calloc(1000);
}

TEST_CASE_MULTIPLE_STAGES("Check for leaks in MULTIPLE_STAGES mode (manual reset)", "[test_utils][leaks][reset=SW_CPU_RESET, SW_CPU_RESET]", test_fn2, test_fn2, test_fn3);


Bee Energised combines the best quality ingredients to help with energy and focus with our organic Bee pollen being the queen bee of ingredients. Sustainably sourced from an organic bee farm in the Galician hills of Spain (ensuring a high therapeutic effect often compromised by incorrect sourcing), Bee Pollen is known to be the richest source of vitamins found in nature in a single food1!
Not only does it contain 40% of highly absorbable protein (more than any animal protein contains)2, bee pollen also has a wide range of health enhancing plant metabolites, known for yielding energy3.
According to the executive director of the prestigious Education Athletic Club in Philadelphia, "Bee pollen works, and it works perfectly. Pollen allows super-stars to increase their strength and stamina up to 25 percent. This increase in strength and endurance may be the key to the secret regenerative power of bee pollen'2.
As well as organic Bee pollen, Bee Energised also contains organic organic Spirulina, Ginseng and Organic Matcha Green Tea, also known for its positive effects on focus and energy. The combination of the l-theanine with the caffeine improve attention4, but without the jitters of caffeine alone due to l-theanine's relaxing effect5. Matcha green tea, which uses the whole leaf and a powdering process, also contains more than 3 times as much EGCG as normal green tea6.
Bee energised also contains Vitamin B6 and B12 very much known for their energy yielding properties7, and B12 is also essential for cognitive function8. And with high amounts of Vitamin C too (the active ingredient in rosehips9) the adrenals are also nourished, providing even more energy!
Bee Energised is available online via Holland & Barrett (click for link) & can be found in numerous independent health stores and organic groceries. Buy globally via Victoria Health (click for link).
3 Denisow B & Denisow-Pietrzyk M Biological and therapeutic properties of bee pollen: a review. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture 2016 Oct;96(13):4303-9. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7729. Epub 2016 Apr 19.
6 Fujioka, K.; Iwamoto, T.; Shima, H.; Tomaru, K.; Saito, H.; Ohtsuka, M.; Yoshidome, A.; Kawamura, Y.; Manome, Y. The Powdering Process with a Set of Ceramic Mills for Green Tea Promoted Catechin Extraction and the ROS Inhibition Effect. Molecules 2016, 21, 474.
5 Boros K, Jedlinszki N, Csupor D Theanine and Caffeine Content of Infusions Prepared from Commercial Tea Samples. Pharmacognsy 2016 Jan-Mar;12(45):75-9. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.176061.
7 Sacheck JM, Roubenoff R Nutrition in the exercising elderly. Clinics in Sports Medicine 1999 Jul;18(3):565-84.
8 Ventatramanan S, Armata IE, Strupp BJ, Finkelstein JL Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children. Advances in Nutrition 2016 Sep 15;7(5):879-88. doi: 10.3945/an.115.012021. Print 2016 Sep.


text:
Judge decertifies class in franchisee lawsuit against UPS
The plaintiffs argue that rebranding the stores destroyed the business model since their customer base was built on the Mail Boxes brand name….The second issue concerns a plaintiffs' claim that UPS failed to supply them with key information about converting to the UPS Store brand. In particular, they highlight a 2006 study that Boston Consulting Group did for UPS examining the profitability of the stores.
Atlanta Business News
Péralte C. Paul
A California judge handed UPS a major victory Tuesday, ruling to decertify as a class a group of UPS Store franchise owners who sued the shipping giant seven years ago over what they said was a flawed business model.
In granting the company summary judgment, Los Angeles Superior Court Judge William F. Highberger ruled the franchisees, who owned Mail Boxes Etc. stores that were later converted into UPS stores, did not prove the conversions harmed them.
Highberger's ruling comes three days shy of the one-year anniversary where he granted the more than 3,500 Mail Boxes Etc. franchisees class-action status in the lawsuit.
"This ruling is a complete victory for MBE and UPS and concludes the class litigation brought by the franchisees who converted to the UPS Store," Susan Rosenberg, a UPS spokeswoman, wrote in an e-mail.
"MBE and UPS are confident that, if the class plaintiff decides to file an appeal, the appellate court will agree with the trial judge that there is no merit to the class claims."
The franchisees vow to appeal.
Joe Wigthman, a franchisee who refused to convert his New York MBE store to the UPS name, said the ruling was expected.
"We're going to appeal it," he said, noting that franchisees in a related lawsuit against UPS appealed four rulings in that case and had lower court rulings overturned.
"The judge rules, we file an appeal and then the ruling is overturned," Wigthman said. "It's the dance in the ongoing saga."
Two key points are at issue: The first involves 175 franchisees, including Wigthman, who did not convert their Mail Boxes Etc. stores to UPS Stores after the shipping giant's $190 million purchase of Mail Boxes Etc. in 2001. UPS didn't require franchisees to convert to the UPS Store nameplate immediately, but when franchise agreements expired, conversion was mandatory as a condition for renewal.
The plaintiffs argue that rebranding the stores destroyed the business model since their customer base was built on the Mail Boxes brand name. Those core 175 franchisees seek an average $1 million in damages per store, plus punitive damages and attorney fees.
The second issue concerns a plaintiffs' claim that UPS failed to supply them with key information about converting to the UPS Store brand. In particular, they highlight a 2006 study that Boston Consulting Group did for UPS examining the profitability of the stores. Though that study identified several strategies for increasing the stores' profitability, it also highlighted problems, such as per-store revenue, slowing new customer growth and the reliance on shipping alone to increase sales.
http://www.ajc.com/business/judge-decertifies-class-in-575622.html
Risks: Business model had never created adequate investor returns, Franchisees have no say on new brand, Material facts were not disclosed, Rebranding usually hides real objective, United States, 20100721 Judge decertifies
mailboxes_etcups_store


The ASUS R9 series of graphics cards is starting to roll in to Overclockers; and today, we have a chance to look at their R9 270X DirectCU II Top edition. All the familiar ASUS features we've come to expect from one of their enthusiast level video cards are present and accounted for in this release. Armed with the DirectCU II cooler, DIGI+ Super Alloy Power, and the TOP factory overclock, this offering should perform quite well. Right on the box it says "In Search of Incredible." Let's see if we found it.
Here are the specifications associated with the ASUS R9 270X DirectCU II Top graphics card as pulled from the accompanying press deck we received. Of note is the 1120 MHz GPU factory overclock, which is a substantial increase from the reference design of 1050 MHz.
A quick look at GPU-Z confirms what we see above.
As is the case with most ASUS products, the marketing team provides a detailed feature list that they feel gives their product advantages over the competition. The large majority of the emphasized features have to do with the DirectCU II cooler and the DIGI+ VRM Super Alloy technologies. As you'll see a bit later, ASUS' GPU Tweak overclocking software has added a new feature or two, which is something else ASUS wants people to know about. We'll dive in to each of these in more detail as the review progresses.
On the gaming and benchmark front, ASUS performed some in-house testing that shows improved performance when compared to the reference design R9 270X.
The DirectCU II cooler is something ASUS has always been proud of, and with good reason. I've reviewed several ASUS cards with the DirectCU II cooler and have always found it to be one of the best performing proprietary coolers out there. When compared to the reference design, it does a much better job of cooling at a respectable noise level. ASUS claims the DirectCU II cooler is 3X quieter than the reference design cooler, and I can tell you from experience that might actually be an understatement. The AMD reference design R9 270X I reviewed earlier this month had one of the loudest coolers strapped on it that I've heard in quite some time.
ASUS touts 30% more stable overclocking potential and 15% better power efficiency because of their DIGI+ VRM Super Alloy power design. The claims are made when compared to the reference design's power design.
GPU Tweak has a full range of monitoring and overclocking options at your disposal. Additionally, ASUS has added streaming capabilities to the newest release.
At this point, you should have basic knowledge of what the ASUS R9 270X DirectCU II Top has to offer, so let's get it on the workbench and have a look!
By the looks of the box front, ASUS is still contending with that wild creature wrecking havoc on their boxes. Luckily for them, the beastly damage seems contained well enough to allow plenty of information to be spattered about the box. The front and back of the carton lists many of the features touched on above, while the box sides are reserved for additional branding and the like. You'll also find a multilingual list of high-level specifications and suggested system requirements on the back and sides respectively.
Once inside the outer carton, we find an elegant looking black box housing the graphics card, accessories, and lots of protective foam padding. The card itself is sitting at the very bottom and wrapped in an anti-static bag. The overall packaging is well presented and does a nice job of protecting the contents.
The accessory pack includes an installation manual, driver/utility disc, Crossfire bridge, and a Molex to PCI-E power adapter.
Before we perform the customary surgical procedure, here are a few pictures of the ASUS R9 270X DirectCU II Top just before it went under the knife.
As I mentioned earlier, I've always been impressed with the DicrectCU II cooler, and I don't expect that to change this time around. The DirectCU II cooler can easily be removed by taking out four screws located at the back of the card. Once removed, we can see the TIM was nicely applied and have a look at the three copper heatpipes that weave their way through the cooler. All three heatpipes work their way through the longer side of the aluminum fin stack and travel through the aluminum block. Once the heatpipes pass through the block, one is terminated and the other two continue on to weave through the shorter side of the fin stack. The three upper-most memory chips get covered by the thermal pad attached to the aluminum block. The rest of the memory chips reside under the fin stack and should get plenty of airflow from the fans.
Moving on to the PCB layout, we find ASUS implements an eight phase power design (6 GPU & 2 memory). This ends up being an increase from the reference design power delivery of seven phases (5 GPU & 2 memory). We'll never argue with more power!
Handling the VRM duties is the previously discussed DIGI+ VRM IC. The 2 GB of onboard memory sits on a 256 bit bus and is provided by Elpida W2032BBBG series GDDR5. It's a bit disappointing that Hynix memory isn't used like we found on the AMD reference card. History tells us that Hynix memory tends to overclock better than Elpida, but we'll reserve judgment for now. The Elpida memory is rated for 6000 MHz (quad pumped) at 1.5 V. That should give us a little headroom for overclocking, but we'll see. The last picture below gives you an up-close look at the AMD Pitcairn GPU core.
Concluding our tour of the PCB, the first picture below shows you the two 6-pin PCI-E connections that bring the power to the graphics card. Lastly, worth noting is the bracket that runs across the top of the card, which provides a stiffening effect and helps to prevent board flexing.
All in all, we have a well-constructed and nice looking PCB layout here. It sure looks the part, so let's get it installed and run it though the paces!
On the included disc, you'll find a copy of GPU Tweak to install. Everything you need for overclocking, fan control, and monitoring is available with GPU Tweak. In the case of the R9 270X, GPU Tweak offers a minor GPU core voltage increase (up to 1.3 V), but nothing for the memory. When the AMD reference R9 270X was reviewed, we had no voltage control at all. At least with this ASUS card, we have some GPU core voltage options.
GPU Tweak Streaming is a new feature that allows you to stream to Twitch, UStream, or a customizable location. It's a separate install from GPU Tweak, and you'll also have to install the Adobe Flash Media Encoder for it to work.
After tinkering a bit, I came up with 1250 MHz GPU core speed and 1500 MHz for the memory. That equates to a 11% GPU core increase and 7% for the memory. The GPU overclocked much better than the reference design card I reviewed, but the memory fell short of the 1600 MHz the reference card's Hynix memory achieved. I'm not at all surprised as Hynix typically overclocks much better than Elpida memory does. I could get the memory to run higher, but for some reason, anything over 1500 MHz actually lowered benchmark scores. I double check for throttling issues and there were none, so it is what it is. That being said, we've heard from other manufacturers that Hynix memory can be difficult to source since one of their plants was destroyed in a fire. This could be why we see Elpida memory being used on this card.
Since the release of the Haswell/Z87 platform, we have been using our new "GPU Testing Procedure." If you are not yet familiar with it, click the provided link to learn more. Below is the down and dirty version of the new procedure. We'll be piecing together additional benchmarks as comparison data becomes available in the near future, but the comparison samples may differ from our standard set of benchmarks until then.
Beginning with the synthetic benchmarks, keep in mind that the R9 270X series is intended to directly compete against the NVIDIA GTX 660. As expected, it consistently out performs the EVGA GTX 660 SC and actually tops the ASUS GTX 760 a couple of times. Once overclocked, the card held very tight to the HD 7950 and GTX 670 as well. Pretty nice showing in our synthetic testing!
Moving on to the the gaming benchmarks, we see a similar pattern unfold. Not only did it beat the EVGA GTX 660 SC in every test, but it did so quite handily. The card scales quite nicely when overclocked and managed to hang tough with the higher end comparison samples when the overclock was applied. Again, nothing at all to complain about here either.
Our temperature testing procedure entails running HWBot Heaven at both stock and overclocked settings. The results are normalized to 25 °C ambient. Testing included the fan control set to auto and then again with the fan speed set to 100%. As expected, the DirectCU II Cooler did a yeoman's job at keeping the GPU cool under all testing scenarios. With the fan set to 100%, we see even better temperatures, as expected. Setting the fan speed to 100% results in a very non intrusive sound level, while still doing a great job of keeping things very cool. Chalk another one up for the DirectCU II cooler!
Our power consumption testing is done with a Kill-a-Watt and wattage usage recorded at idle and load. We run both HWBot Heaven and 3DMark 11 (Combined Physics Test) to hopefully get the maximum power draw the video card can produce. I take this testing one step further and also provide results while the video card is overclocked.
Pretty impressive stuff here on the power consumption numbers. Keep in mind, this is total system draw, not just the video card. I'm amazed every time I see how little power these modern systems use. It really is incredible.
This section is going to be short and sweet, I'm afraid. The card didn't have anything left in the memory gas tank, but the GPU was able to complete a run of 3DMark Fire Strike at 1260 MHz. So, I coupled that modest increase with a system overclock of 4.6 GHz CPU and 2400 MHz memory. The other synthetic benchmarks failed with the GPU set to 1260 MHz, so it looks like I pretty much had all the card would give during the previous overclocked benchmark runs. When you consider the reference card GPU speed is 1050 MHz, and this one can be clocked to 1250 MHz… we'll call that pretty darn good.
There is little doubt AMD succeeded when it singled out the GTX 660 as the R9 270X target point. Our test results show a resounding win for the Red Team in that regard. Now that the price war between the GTX 660 and R9 270X has settled a bit, they both land anywhere between $199 and $219 depending on vendor, applied factory overclock, and proprietary cooler installed on them. As far as the ASUS R9 270X DirectCU II Top goes, it currently sells for $209.99 at Newegg. That's right where it should be when compared to similar offerings.
The DirectCU II cooler didn't disappoint, yet again… It really is one of the premier proprietary coolers on the market. Its effective cooling performance at a very low noise level is a great feature. The addition of GPU Tweak Streaming to the GPU Tweak family was nice to see and gives the user another useful utility at their disposal. Overclocking was a bit of a mixed bag, mostly due to the memory overclocking limits. The GPU core overclocked quite well though, which is where the most performance gains are to be had anyway. We did manage a stable 100 MHz increase in memory speed, so it's not a complete loss there. Even if you're not the type that overclocks a video card, you still get a factory applied overclock on the GPU core. This will provide you a better out-of-box performance level than its reference design counterpart.
ASUS has provided a good option to consider if you're in the market for a R9 270X graphics card. It's priced right and has a great cooler in the DirectCU II. Being a Top version, it comes with a factory applied overclock and provides for a good amount of overclocking on top of that. It's definitely worthy of consideration and our Overclockers Approved stamp!
Hello if i overclock this GPU to 1225Mhz or 1250Mhz would it be stable as in crashes, temperature, power consumption ect.
Every card is different, you will have to test it and find out. That is quite a high overclock though.
Yes i understand that but i was asking the person doing the review as he/she overclocked it to 1250Mhz but didn't specify if it was stable.
It was stable enough to run through the benchmarks. I am.not sure what he did on top of that to test for stability.


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