text:
Model Driven Architecture
The C3 AI Suite software uses a model-driven architecture to accelerate delivery and reduce the complexities of developing enterprise-scale AI applications. Independent studies have shown that the C3 AI model-driven architecture reduces the amount of code developers need to write and maintain by 99% and decreases the effort required to develop and deploy AI applications by a factor of 26 compared to traditional "structured programming" approaches.
Enterprise AI applications typically require numerous underlying elements – such as data persistence services, data streaming services, messaging services, analytics services, machine learning services, security services, and dozens or hundreds more. With a traditional structured programing approach, developers must devote significant time and effort in writing extensive code to define, manage, connect, and control each element. This results in overwhelming complexity and highly brittle applications that can break any time an underlying element is changed or updated – a primary reason why the vast majority of enterprise AI efforts fail.
By contrast, the C3 AI model-driven architecture provides an "abstraction layer," that allows developers to build enterprise AI applications by using conceptual models of all the elements an application requires, instead of writing lengthy code. C3.ai provides thousands of pre-built conceptual models that can be easily modified and extended, and developers can efficiently create their own models as well. These prebuilt, extensible models encompass a vast range of entities, including business objects (customer, order, contract, etc.), physical systems and subsystems (engine, boiler, chiller, compressor, etc.), computing resources and services (database, stream processing, etc.) – anything at all that an application requires, can be represented as a model in the model-driven architecture. To ensure ongoing operability of C3.ai's thousands of prebuilt and extensible models on different underlying infrastructure (e.g., AWS, Azure, etc.), C3.ai runs ten's of thousand's of automated tests and security scans any time a change or update is made to the infrastructure.
The model-driven architecture enables the use of "declarative programming," an efficient approach that essentially allows programmers to specify what they want the application to do, without having to write explicit code on how to do it. Compared to traditional structured programming, the model-driven architecture and declarative programming shorten time to value and reduce total cost of ownership. Leveraging this model-driven architecture, application developers and data scientists can focus on delivering immediate value, without the need to manage the complexities of the underlying elements. These conceptual models can also be used by many applications, further accelerating development of new applications.
Enterprise Wide Collaboration
The C3 AI Suite's model-driven architecture serves as an object-centric abstraction layer removing complexities and barriers across developers, data scientists, and business end users.
Enhanced collaboration across development teams and business end users through object representation of the business problem
Improved adoption and understanding of AI across the enterprise
Accelerated Time-to-Value
The C3 AI Suite and its model-driven architecture enable application developers and data scientists to focus on delivering immediate value, without the need to learn, integrate, or understand the complexities of the underlying systems.
26X faster application development and production deployment timelines vs. alternative technologies
Future-proof applications with much simplified maintenance requirements for potent
Application development with 99% less code, significantly fewer resources, and reduced maintenance requirements
Massively expandable architecture across applications and the enterprise
Unmatched flexibility and scalability through reusability of object models developed on the C3 AI Suite
White Paper: A New Technology Stack
C3.ai moves to provide industry-aware application layer for customer digital transformations
18x Faster on Azure


Kirk Douglas is celebrating his 101st birthday in grand fashion.
The screen legend blew out a single candle with family by his side, including his wife, Anne, 98, and son, Fatal Attraction star Michael.
The cake was decorated with sunflowers, an homage to one of his greatest performances as Vincent Van Gogh in Lust for Life.
At 101, he's earned the right to have not one, but two birthday cakes. The second was made in the shape of two red boxing gloves, a tribute to his 1949 classic, The Champion.
Daughter-in-law Catherine Zeta-Jones posted a photo of Kirk sitting on her lap on Instagram.
"Happy birthday to my wonderful, inspirational and loving father in law, Kirk. Love you with all my heart," she wrote.


On Saturday, September 30, 2017, we will once again tour Buddhist temples in San Francisco as we raise money for the poor and hungry around the world. To learn about the projects that Buddhist Global Relief makes possible, visit www.buddhistglobalrelief.org.
People are encouraged to depart at any point if needed during the walk. Everyone is encouraged to set a personal intention before walking, and those who wish to walk mindfully in silence may do so but it is not required. It will be a time for practice, mindful walking, spreading loving kindness, making spiritual friends, and exercise. It will be a pilgrimage of harmony amongst many as we start at the Gold Mountain Monastery and then the Buddhist Church of SF (where we will pay respects to the Buddha's relics). This year we will finish at the San Francisco Zen Center.
Go to the Buddhist Global Relief for more information about their projects and activities.


HanneysCorns is a future 'retirement' project for my husband, Jeff and I. We have had an interest in reptiles for a few years, but we both have been 'mesmerized' by the beauty of cornsnakes and we found ourselves acquiring quite a few. Our venture into 'hobby breeding' was a natural as our snakes matured.
Genetics has always been a favorite subject of mine and with my husband's encouragement and help, my breeding projects are now a reality. Of course, in any project, there is always overflow, and we couldn't possible keep all our many hatchlings...thus this site was created and HanneysCorns has officially launched.
Our joint efforts at HanneysCorns can be easily defined. Jeff does the feeding and cleaning of tanks, and I am responsible for record keeping, egg and hatchling care, correspondence, and planning the breeding projects. We have grown to love the hobby not only as 'corn admirers' but for the 'stress relief' it adds to our normally hectic lives.
We have attended many reptile shows in Southern Ontario over the last few years as buyers, and in September of 2005 we were vendors for the first time at the Reptile Expo in Mississauga, Ontario. What a wonderful experiene. Many say I am passionate about my corns, but a day spent at a reptile expo is a highlight for me. Time certainly flies when you are having fun and a day of 'talking corns' to everyone who drops by our table keeps the adrenalin constantly flowing.
When corns first entered our life and we found ourselves caught up in the 'addiction', I began to explore and research where I could find such beauties as 'lavenders', 'butters', and 'pewters' to add to our collection. I was very disappointed to discover that most large breeders who had a variety of these 'high-end' morphs were located in the U.S. and shipping costs to Canada were so steep as to make any transaction seem almost impossible to afford.
I was about to discover, close to home, a fellow cornsnake enthusiast, and well known Canadian breeder, Simon Fung. He graciously invited Jeff and I to London; he had a 'butter male' for sale and this was definitely on my list of 'wants' at the time. We spent many hours chatting with Simon and gracious as he was, he took the time to share his knowledge of corn genetics.
Building our dream into "HanneysCorns" has evolved not only into a passion for the beauty of cornsnakes in both colour and pattern, but also into corn genetics and the future of the hobby here in Canada. The many hatchlings from our projects cannot all find homes here and many are available for those who are interested in their genetics or for pets. Some will be used for other's projects and we hope to work closely with them. Co-operation and sharing knowledge will only advance this hobby to new heights and many, many more beautiful morphs to behold.
When time permits and stock is available we like to socialize with other corn enthusiasts at the many Reptile Expos open for the public. Look for us at your nearest reptile show. Stop by and visit our table. Ask questions. We are addicted to corns and never grow tired of 'corntalk'.


text:
European Medicines Agency Under Attack
Applied Clinical Trials, Applied Clinical Trials-06-01-2012, Volume 21, Issue 6
European Parliament voted against clearing the agency's accounts because of management concerns.
If you missed International Clinical Trials Day this year, you are certainly not alone. It took place, apparently, on May 20, and is celebrated every year on or around that date, in commemoration of the day that James Lind started his trial comparing treatments for scurvy, back in 1747.
With some small embarrassment, given that I have been writing about clinical trials for more than 15 years, I am obliged to admit that I had never heard of International Clinical Trials Day until this year. And I would probably still be ignorant of it were it not for a press release from the European Medicines Agency in London.
Peter O'Donnell
The agency "supports International Clinical Trials Day," it announces. And it goes on to explain that the aim of the day is to "enhance communication and coordination of clinical trials between countries, resulting in better clinical research that is relevant to the needs of patients everywhere." That is certainly a noble goal. But I can think of an even better one—and one that the EMA may also share right now.
EMA troubles
In early May, the EMA suffered a new reverse in its fortunes, when the European Parliament voted against clearing the agency's accounts, because of concerns over its management. This decisive thumbs-down from the European Union's watchdog on spending was just the latest setback in an annus horribilis (an annus and a half, really) for the beleaguered agency.
As reported in this column (and in many other channels), trouble started for the hitherto spotless institution when its former Executive Director, Thomas Lonngren, jumped ship to work for the drug industry at the beginning of last year.
Management board complicity in the move generated additional anxieties over how secure the agency was against conflicts of interest. Only weeks after that imbroglio, the Mediator circus came to town, when suggestions were made that the agency had somehow been negligent in pushing for re-assessment of the antidiabetic from Servier.
A delay of almost a year before filling the vacant post of executive director didn't help improve the agency's image in the outside world. And by the time the new boss started work late last year, the agency was facing another major challenge—threats by the European Parliament's health committee to refuse to accept the agency's accounts pending adequate assurances that management was fully in charge and doing its job, particularly over averting conflicts of interest among experts, staff, and management.
Until recently, the agency had been hopeful of averting humiliation. It had supplied numerous details of new methods put in place to meet MEPs' concerns. But in the end, the health committee remained adamant that not enough evidence had been provided of a new broom making a clean sweep. And it persuaded a majority of the Parliament to refuse approval of the accounts.
The new boss (no longer really new) is left casting about for ideas as to how to prove his agency is now whiter than white.
Damaged reputation
In the meantime, the damage done to the agency's reputation is huge, and persists. From being a world-renowned paragon of virtue in international regulatory circles, it has fallen to the level of a suspect. Public perception too has been negatively affected by the repeated attention to its alleged deficiencies. So it is little surprise that the agency has seized on the opportunity of International Clinical Trials Day to offer a reminder of what its core purpose really is—and to point out how it is fulfilling those responsibilities.
In what looks like a clear rebuttal of the Parliament's suggestions that the agency is no good because of some oversights in largely administrative matters, the press release states clearly that "the majority of the agency's scientific work is centred on the review, coordination, and supervision of clinical trials."
It then sets out at some length to explain how it goes about discharging these tasks in easy-to-grasp layman's terms. It describes its scientific evaluation work as involving "the review of clinical trial data that are included in the application information from a pharmaceutical company when seeking marketing authorization." It underlines its role in providing scientific advice on the design of clinical trials conducted as part of medicine development, and decisions on clinical trial design in pediatric investigations. And it notes its provision of scientific guidance on the design and conduct of clinical trials in specific therapeutic areas.
The agency also flags up its "central role" in ensuring application of good clinical practice at the European Union level, and its activities as host of the EU clinical trials register on behalf of EU Member States and as developer and coordinator of the EudraCT database used by national medicine regulatory authorities to enter clinical trial data from clinical trial sponsors. Its recent guidance on how clinical trials outside the European Union should be conducted also gets a mention.
In other words, the agency is basically doing a good job, it would have us believe. It highlights the very concrete and positive benefits of its activities, implicitly relegating to a secondary level of importance the areas where it still stands accused of inadequacy. It is an understandable and indeed even a sensible way to proceed. While it is not for this column to presume to pass judgement on any of these weighty matters, it is plain to anyone with eyes to see that a certain disproportion risks creeping into discussions of the EMA—and, indeed, of other institutions, some of them closely linked to the European Union.
Unwanted spotlight
Accusations naturally attract attention—and not just in the media. The accusations against the EMA have attracted wide attention. They have also colored perception of the agency, because in nearly two decades of existence the agency has remained almost anonymous, unknown to the world outside medicines regulation. Its first public appearance is in the defendants' box, and the first public discussion of its activities has taken place against a febrile background of claims of gross misconduct.
In consequence, the risk exists that the general perception of the agency is deeply negative—irrespective of the validity or relevance of the accusations it faces.
That is bad news for the agency. But it is also bad news for the clinical trials community. Because if the agency's credibility suffers, so too does the credibility of everyone subject to its regulation. And no one in the world of medicines development needs any reminders of the perils of lost credibility—whether it be among patients, physicians, regulators, or investors.
So it is a smart move by the agency to try to redress the balance by invoking the merits of clinical trials in general, and the merits of its own involvement in ensuring high standards in their conduct.
And just for the record, this is a brief list of the changes that the agency has introduced over recent months in a bid to demonstrate that it is managing its affairs well.
The agency has a policy on the handling of conflicts of interests for its scientific experts, including committee members, which was last updated and endorsed in March 2012. It says it takes a proactive approach to identifying potential conflicts of interest and searching for alternative experts where necessary, and to help achieve this, all experts must complete a declaration of interests form every year.
The agency screens each expert's declaration of interests to decide whether or not to include him or her as a member of a committee, working party or other group. It assigns each expert a risk level based on whether the expert has any interests, and whether these are direct or indirect. To assure transparency, completed declarations of interests and risk levels for all experts are available in the European expert list on the agency's website. After assigning a risk level, it uses the information provided to determine if an expert's involvement should be restricted or excluded in specific activities, such as the evaluation of a particular medicine. It bases these decisions on the nature of the interests declared, the time since the interest occurred, and the type of activity that the expert will be undertaking. Experts can only be involved if they have signed a declaration of interests form and the agency has assessed those interests. All proposed members for its scientific committees have their declarations of interests screened before their formal nomination.
In March 2012, the agency endorsed a breach-of-trust procedure setting out how it deals with incorrect or incomplete declarations of interests by experts and committee members. Similar rules have been introduced governing agency staff and members of the agency's management board.
The coming weeks will determine how far and how fast the agency can clear its name fully, and how soon it—and the wider clinical trials community—can get on with some real work, free from suspicion.
Download Issue : Applied Clinical Trials-06-01-2012

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am flying through the sky.
I am more awake inside the dream.
moving up and down with the wind.
shining like jewels in the moonlight.
and wonder where it has taken me.
and I slide off of its back.
I see the home that I lived in as a child.
as if the house was expecting me.
pushing open the front door with its tail.
lies in wait within the darkness.
hidden from the world outside.
as if I had already walked this path before.
the sound of bells rings through the air.
and the door is already ajar.
I carry him within me.
If my box of treasures is still there.
When it feels my gaze upon it.
is a pencil. It's yellow and has a pink eraser.
My name is written upon one of its sides.
with this pencil, wielding it like a sword on the page.
comes into contact with my skin.
my safety, my refuge, my salvation.
spilling out words and light.
so many words and each one a joy.
and lets out a stream of purple fire.
like smoke upon the water.


text:
Upcoming: Ladi6 - The Liberation Of... LP (Question Music)
Written By 3 - May 04 2011
Recent winner of the 2011 Taite Prize, Ladi6's album "The Liberation Of..." is due for release on vinyl. To pre-order please contact us at info@conch.co.nz
Handcrafted while Ladi6 was in the midst of a sprawling six month European/UK tour which saw her grace stages alongside the likes of Gil Scott-Heron, Mos Def and Mayer Hawthorne, The Liberation Of... was produced by Parks and respected German hip-hop producer/DJ Sepalot (of Blumentopf). With session features from drummer Myele Manzanza (of Electric Wire Hustle), German backing vocalist Esther Adams and Fat Freddy's Drop horn player Toby Laing, counting in at 10 songs deep, The Liberation Of... offers a unique blend of modern Antipodean soul'n'beats music and contemporary European grooves.
Further Info: Ladi6 Website


While Alaska is the biggest US state, it's also the least populous. Because of its size, the 49th state's geography is as varied as it is beautiful. Alaska experiences extremely cold temperatures and high levels of precipitation, both of which can be a homeowners insurance hazard.
How much is home insurance in Alaska? Alaska is right in the middle when it comes to average homeowners insurance rates. The average cost of homeowners insurance in Alaska is $982. That's a bit lower than the national average of $1,173. Alaska ranks 32nd. So two thirds of all states have higher premiums.
The graph below shows the change in average Alaska home insurance rates from 2011 to 2015, the most recent year the data is available. According to the III, Alaska homeowners insurance rates increased from $924 in 2011 to $982 in 2015, a jump of $58 dollars, or 6.28 percent.
Choosing a homeowners insurance company in Alaska should be easier. Actually, it's already easy; you could just go with whichever company your mortgage lender recommends, but you probably won't get the best rates that way. The key to finding the cheapest rates is to compare home insurance quotes in Alaska from multiple companies.
Last year, these were the most common home insurance companies reported by QuoteWizard users living in the state of Alaska. Out of the 2,337 Alaska homeowners that used QuoteWizard to request insurance quotes last year, 187 had no home insurance.
The above list shows Alaska's most popular home insurers according to our users. But popular doesn't always mean best.
Many different factors come into play when insurance companies calculate the cost of homeowners insurance. Some, like the age of your home, are within your control. Others, like crime rates or natural disasters, are beyond your control. Here are some of the factors that affect the cost of homeowners insurance in Alaska.
Home prices can greatly affect the cost of insurance in any given state. A higher average home price generally means higher premiums in that state. For Alaska, the average listing price is $286,805, as of July 2015, roughly equal to the national average of $284,748.
Burglary is a serious and sometimes violent property crime. States with higher average burglary rates generally have higher average homeowners premiums. That's because the likelihood that someone will need to file a claim is higher. In 2013, Alaska's average burglary rate was 396.7 per 100,000 people. This is considerably lower than the national average of 610.0 per 100,000.
States with more law enforcement per capita tend to be safer than states with fewer policemen and women. In Alaska, there are 84.6 law enforcement personnel per 100,000 total citizens. This is more than twice the national median of 32 law enforcement per 100,000 citizens.
Due to its size, variety of weather and terrain, and geographic location, Alaska's hazards are diverse. Cold winters are probably the best well-known feature of Alaska's climate, but precipitation and seismic activity can be just as severe, if not worse.
Extremely cold and snowy winters: Alaska's winters bring new meaning to the word "freezing." In 1971, it set the record for the USA's coldest ever temperature, at -80 degrees. That said, frozen winters are an annual tradition in Alaska, and in the interior of the state, the temperature can remain below freezing through May. Alaska's biggest city, Anchorage, has high temperatures below 32 degrees until March, though it usually emerges from these sub-freezing conditions by April. And, because the state is so huge, some parts experience completely different weather than others. North and central Alaska are much more arctic in nature, while southern parts are much more temperate.
Alaska's cold winters are also marked by heavy snowfall, and parts of south central Alaska average up to 300 inches of snow annually. Specifically, in Valdez, they average 326 inches of snow per year. And, Thompson Pass holds the record for the USA's snowiest year, with 974 inches in the winter of 1953. Though this is extreme, snow occurs every year, in most places in Alaska. In Haines, in the typically more moderate southeast part of the state, they average 262 inches of snow per year. Surprisingly, the far north parts of the state where it is extremely cold, usually sees less snow than the south, where winter temperatures warm up earlier.
Rain and flooding: Some parts of Alaska receive unusually large amounts of precipitation. The southeast region of Alaska gets the most rain. For example, Yakutat averages 155 inches of rain per year and 240 days of rain per year. Even in less-rainy parts in the far north, they still receive over 100 days of rain per year, though the amount of rain is far less. Even in Anchorage, where they experience 115 days of rain per year, the average total is only about 17 inches, meaning that rain occurs often, but is not severe. These rains often cause flooding, especially as snow melts in the summer. As such, rain season peaks in July and August, in most parts. It is important to note that the only way to obtain flood insurance is through the National Flood Insurance Program. Learn more about the NFIP here.
Heat waves and drought: Despite freezing winters and an extremely northern location, Alaska's summers are occasionally marked by heat waves. On Memorial Day 2015, it was 91 degrees in Alaska, hotter than it was anywhere in Arizona. Even towns within the Arctic Circle felt the extreme and record-breaking heat.
The National Drought Monitor ranks drought conditions from D0 (abnormally dry) to D4 (exceptional drought). As of July 2015, about 70% of Alaska was experiencing D0 or above, and 20% of the state was experiencing D1 (moderate drought) or above. According to this data, about 465,000 Alaska residents are affected by these drought conditions. In the summer, drought and heat waves form a deadly combination: wildfires. Between April and July of 2015, over 2.4 million acres in Alaska burned.
Earthquakes: Alaska, the most seismically active state, sits at the border between the North American and Pacific plates. This region is known as the "Pacific Ring of Fire." Seismic activity occurs daily, but is usually unnoticeable. Stronger earthquakes can cause damage to homes and infrastructure, and can cause death by way of collapsing structures, landslides, and aftershocks. An earthquake like the famous 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska can cause serious destruction, so it's important to discuss this with your insurance agent. Most standard homeowners insurance policies don't cover earthquake damage. So if you want to be protected, you should talk about adding earthquake coverage to your homeowners policy.


Rosalía Y Bring Me The Horizon will be added to Mad Cool Welcome Party 2019, the opening day with which Mad Cool Festival will celebrate July 10th the start of its fourth edition, which, for the first time, will take place in the same space as the Festival, the Valdebebas venue, although with reduced capacity.
It will be a special day that will serve, on the eve of the Festival, kick-start to three days of live music, from 11 to 13 July.
And it will do so with an eclectic poster, composed of 15 bands plus the winner of the upcoming Mad Cool Talent UK pop-up band contest, from indie pop, hard rock, flamenco or trap, to post punk.
In addition to Rosalia and Bring me the Horizon, will act Metronomy, Lykke Li, The Cat Empire, Don Broco, The Amazons, Viagra Boys, Whispering Sons, Griz, The Parrots, Anier, Fusa Nocta, Blake and Favx.
In previous editions this inaugural day was held in a central room of the city, but this year Mad Cool changes it to offer a more exclusive format.
Thus, there will be four scenarios before a reduced capacity of 50,000 people, who can use all the facilities of the macro space, an idea that will reinforce the fourth edition of the Madrid Festival, which this year will also feature The National, The Cure or Bon Iver as dishes strong, among many others.
Previous "Not everyone can be a writer: you have to have a special light"


text:
Humans, Police officers
Morgan Earp
Earp gang
Town marshal
Virgil Earp
Rex Holman
Morgan Earp was a 19th century town marshal in Earth's Ancient West and younger brother to Virgil and Wyatt Earp. He fought alongside his brothers and Doc Holliday against members of the Clanton-McLowery gang in the infamous gunfight at OK Corral in Tombstone, Arizona on October 26, 1881. This brief feud ended with the deaths of Frank and Tom McLowery and Billy Clanton.
In 2268, the Melkot created a replica of Morgan Earp as part of a bizarre, inaccurate depiction of the events leading to the gunfight. This illusion was intended to lead to the execution of Captain James T. Kirk and his landing party, who were placed in the roles of the Clantons and McLowerys. Kirk and crew were able to outsmart their would-be killers, and Kirk's non-violent resolution persuaded the Melkot to open diplomatic relations with the United Federation of Planets. (TOS: "Spectre of the Gun")
Morgan Earp was played by actor Rex Holman. Holman's co-star, DeForest Kelley, previously played Morgan Earp in the 1957 film Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, starring Burt Lancaster as Wyatt.
Morgan Earp at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works
Morgan Earp at Wikipedia
Retrieved from "https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Morgan_Earp?oldid=2695709"


Design Situation: The nightlight is a welcome addition to a home. These small devices have benefits which will turn your nighttime living environment into a safer, more convenient place. Both young and old will appreciate the easier lifestyle brought about by a nightlight. They are also a great way to illuminate corridors, staircases and communal rooms without disturbing anyone in nearby rooms. Now is the perfect time to start a real life product challenge, to inquire, design, create and test a USB multi-coloured LED Night light.
Statement of Inquiry – Designers innovate materials and products to strengthen scientific findings and adapt environments.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using JetBrains.Annotations;
using Reusable.Commander;
using Reusable.Commander.Annotations;
using Reusable.Commander.Services;
using Xunit;

namespace Reusable.Tests.Commander.Integration
{
    using static Helper;

    public class FeatureIntegrationTest
    {
        [Fact]
        public async Task CanExecuteCommandByAnyName()
        {
            var counters = new Dictionary<Identifier, int>();

            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add(Identifier.Create("a", "b"), ExecuteHelper.Count<SimpleBag>(counters))
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("a", default);
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("b", default);

                Assert.Equal(2, counters["a"]);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task CanExecuteMultipleCommands()
        {
            var counters = new Dictionary<Identifier, int>();

            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add(Identifier.Create("a"), ExecuteHelper.Count<SimpleBag>(counters))
                    .Add(Identifier.Create("b"), ExecuteHelper.Count<SimpleBag>(counters))
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("a|b", default);

                Assert.Equal(1, counters["a"]);
                Assert.Equal(1, counters["b"]);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task CanMapParameterByName()
        {
            var tracker = new BagTracker();
            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add("c", ExecuteHelper.Track<BagWithoutAliases>(tracker))
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("c -StringWithoutAlias=abc", default);
                tracker.Assert<BagWithoutAliases>(
                    "c",
                    bag =>
                    {
                        Assert.False(bag.Async);
                        //Assert.IsFalse(bag.CanThrow);
                        Assert.Equal("abc", bag.StringWithoutAlias);
                    }
                );
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task CanMapParameterByPosition()
        {
            var tracker = new BagTracker();
            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands.Add("c", ExecuteHelper.Track<BagWithPositionalValues>(tracker)),
                (ExecuteExceptionCallback)(ex => throw ex)
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("c 3 kmh -ismetric", default);
                tracker.Assert<BagWithPositionalValues>("c", bag =>
                {
                    Assert.Equal(3, bag.Speed);
                    Assert.Equal("kmh", bag.Unit);
                    Assert.Equal(true, bag.IsMetric);
                });
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task CanMapParameterByAlias()
        {
            var tracker = new BagTracker();
            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add("c", ExecuteHelper.Track<BagWithAliases>(tracker))
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("c -swa=abc", default);
                tracker.Assert<BagWithAliases>(
                    "c",
                    bag =>
                    {
                        Assert.False(bag.Async);
                        //Assert.False(bag.CanThrow);
                        Assert.Equal("abc", bag.StringWithAlias);
                    }
                );
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task CanCreateBagWithDefaultValues()
        {
            var tracker = new BagTracker();
            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add("c", ExecuteHelper.Track<BagWithDefaultValues>(tracker))
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("c", default);
                tracker.Assert<BagWithDefaultValues>(
                    "c",
                    bag =>
                    {
                        Assert.False(bag.Async);
                        //Assert.False(bag.CanThrow);
                        Assert.False(bag.BoolOnly);
                        Assert.False(bag.BoolWithDefaultValue1);
                        Assert.True(bag.BoolWithDefaultValue2);
                        Assert.Null(bag.StringOnly);
                        Assert.Equal("foo", bag.StringWithDefaultValue);
                        Assert.Equal(0, bag.Int32Only);
                        Assert.Null(bag.NullableInt32Only);
                        Assert.Equal(3, bag.Int32WithDefaultValue);
                        Assert.Equal(DateTime.MinValue, bag.DateTimeOnly);
                        Assert.Null(bag.NullableDateTime);
                        Assert.Equal(new DateTime(2018, 1, 1), bag.DateTimeWithDefaultValue);
                        Assert.Null(bag.ListOnly);
                    }
                );
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task CanCreateBagWithFlagValues()
        {
            var tracker = new BagTracker();
            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add("c", ExecuteHelper.Track<SimpleBag>(tracker))
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("c -async -canthrow=true", default);
                tracker.Assert<SimpleBag>(
                    "c",
                    bag =>
                    {
                        Assert.True(bag.Async);
                        //Assert.True(bag.CanThrow);
                    }
                );
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task CanCreateBagWithCommandLineValues()
        {
            var tracker = new BagTracker();
            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add("c", ExecuteHelper.Track<BagWithMappedValues>(tracker))
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("c", default);
                tracker.Assert<BagWithMappedValues>(
                    "c",
                    bag => { }
                );
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task Does_not_execute_command_when_cannot_execute()
        {
            using (var context = CreateContext(
                commands => commands
                    .Add<DisabledCommand>()
            ))
            {
                await context.Executor.ExecuteAsync<object>("dc", default);
            }
        }

        [Alias("dc")]
        private class DisabledCommand : ConsoleCommand<SimpleBag, NullContext>
        {
            public DisabledCommand([NotNull] CommandServiceProvider<DisabledCommand> serviceProvider, [CanBeNull] Identifier id = default)
                : base(serviceProvider, id) { }

            protected override Task ExecuteAsync(SimpleBag parameter, NullContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("This command must not execute.");
            }

            protected override Task<bool> CanExecuteAsync(SimpleBag parameter, NullContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
            {
                return Task.FromResult(false);
            }
        }

        // [Fact]
        // public async Task ExecuteAsync_MultipleCommands_Executed()
        // {
        //     await Executor.ExecuteAsync("cmd1 -p03:true -p04:bar -p05 1 2 3 | cmd2 -p04:baz");
        //
        //     ExecuteAssert<Bag1>(
        //         bag =>
        //         {
        //             Assert.False(bag.Bool1);
        //             Assert.True(bag.Bool2);
        //             Assert.True(bag.Bool3);
        //             Assert.Equal("bar", bag.String1);
        //             Assert.That.Collection().Equal(new[] { 1, 2, 3 }, bag.List1);
        //         }
        //     );
        //
        //     ExecuteAssert<Bag2>(bag => { Assert.Equal("baz", bag.Property04); });
        // }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Dalmau, R.; Baxley, B.; Prats, X.
Dalmau, R.; Baxley, B.; Prats, X. Fast sensitivity-based optimal trajectory updates for descent operations subject to time constraints. A: Digital Avionics Systems Conference. "37th DASC Digital Avionics Systems Conference: London, England, UK, September 23-27, 2018: 2018 conference proceedings". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2018, p. 1-10.


Mr. Fok Tung Ling is Executive Chairman of the Board of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. He is one of the founders of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited (the "Company") and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the "Group"). He is the chairman of the board of directors (the "Board") and the authorized representative of the Company. He also holds various positions in the subsidiaries of the Company, including acting as legal representative and director in certain subsidiaries of the Company. Mr. Fok is primarily responsible for leading the Board in determining the directions of the Group's overall strategies and business development. From 1982 to 1987, Mr. Fok worked as a technical engineer in the Microwave Telecommunications Main Station of the Guangdong Bureau of Post and Telecommunications. In 1986, he graduated from Beijing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications (currently known as Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, majoring in microwave communications. Prior to 1991, Mr. Fok worked as a marketing executive in China Electronics Import-Export Corporation, South China Branch which was engaged in the import and export of electronic products. From 1991 to 1997, he was engaged in the trading of telecommunications and electronic equipment and components before co-founding the Group in 1997. Mr. Fok has over 33 years of experience in wireless communications. He is the sole director and shareholder of Prime Choice Investments Limited, which is a controlling shareholder of the Company.
Mr. Xu Huijun is President, Executive Director of the Company. He graduated from Tsinghua University in 1998 with a master's degree in engineering and joined ZTE Corporation ("ZTE") in the same year. He had served as system engineer, project manager, deputy head and head of Beijing Research Centre of ZTE from 1998 to 2003. He was senior vice president of ZTE from 2004 to March 2016, having been in charge of the General Product Division, Engineering Services under the Sales System, Engineering Service Division and Wireless Product Division. He had been executive vice president and chief technology officer (CTO) of ZTE from April 2016 to July 2018, in full charge of the operation of system products and management of research and development. Mr. Xu has over 20 years of management experience in telecommunications industry.
Mr. Zhang Yue Jun is Executive Vice Chairman of the Board of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. He also holds various positions in the subsidiaries of the Company, including acting as legal representative and director in certain subsidiaries of the Company. Mr. Zhang is responsible for the Group's overall operation, management, business development, research and development of new technologies and products and supply chain system. Mr. Zhang graduated from South China Institute of Technology (currently known as South China University of Technology ) in 1982 and obtained a bachelor's degree in wireless engineering. From 1982 to 1990, Mr. Zhang worked as a microwave telecommunications engineer in Nanjing and from 1990 to 1997, he was the deputy chief engineer of a joint venture company in Shenzhen and was mainly responsible for wireless telecommunications projects. Mr. Zhang has over 32 years of experience in wireless communications and he co-founded the Group in 1997. He is the sole director and shareholder of Wise Logic Investments Limited, which is a substantial shareholder of the Company.
Mr. Chang Fei Fu serves as Group Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Mr. Chang also holds various positions in the subsidiaries of the Company, including acting as director, company secretary and chief financial officer and acted as supervisor in certain subsidiaries of the Company. He is mainly responsible for the overall financial management of the Group, as well as listed company related matters and investor relations duties. Mr. Chang has obtained a master degree in engineering economic systems from Stanford University, the USA and a bachelor degree in electrical engineering from the University of Michigan, the USA. He has over 20 years of experience in corporate finance, merger and acquisition, financial analysis, research, capital markets and asset management. Prior to joining the Group in 2016, Mr. Chang has worked in financial institutions and corporates in Hong Kong, China and Japan, including the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Bank of America Merrill Lynch (Hong Kong and Tokyo), Rockhampton Management (Tokyo), Barclays Capital (Hong Kong). During 2011, Mr. Chang joined China Mobile Games and Entertainment Group Limited ("CMGE") in the founding member team as an executive director and chief financial officer. He led CMGE to its listing on the United States NASDAQ Stock Exchange in September 2012, conducted a series of equity fund raisings including CMGE's initial public offering, as well as its privatisation. Mr. Chang left CMGE in August 2015 after the company completed its privatisation. Mr. Chang then joined ule.com (an e-commerce platform jointly launched by TOM Group Limited and China Post) as a senior vice president in finance in September 2015.
Mr. Zheng Guo Bao serves as Chief Executive Officer - WaveLab Holdings Limited of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. He also holds various positions in the subsidiaries of the Company, including acting as legal representative and director in certain subsidiaries of the Company. Mr. Zheng is primarily responsible for the strategic development of the digital microwave systems products. He graduated from the University of Science and Technology of China and obtained bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Zheng served as chief engineer in Filtronic Sigtek, Inc., Maryland USA. Before joining Filtronic Sigtek Inc., he worked as an engineering manager in wireless communications division of L3 Communications (former EER Systems, Inc.), Virginia USA. Mr. Zheng is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He has over 28 years of experience in RF/microwave/millimeter-wave technology and wireless communications and specialized in the field of research and development. Mr. Zheng joined the Group in 2003.
Mr. Bu Bin Long is Vice President and General Manager - Antennas and Subsystems Business Unit and Executive Director of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Bu graduated in 1985 from Northwest Institute of Telecommunications Engineering (currently known as Xidian University and obtained a master's degree in electronic magnetic field and microwave technology from Xidian University in 2002. Mr. Bu has over 32 years of technical research experience in the domain of satellite antennas and mobile communications antennas. Mr. Bu joined the Group in 2003, was appointed as an adjunct professor of the key laboratory for antenna and electromagnetic compatibility of Xidian University in 2010, elected as the vice chairman of the communication antenna special committee of the Antenna Branch of Chinese Institute of Electronics in 2011, and elected as the vice chairman of the Antenna System Industry Alliance of the People's Republic of China ("PRC") in 2017.
Mr. Wu Tie Long is Vice President, General Manager - Global Service Business Unit and Executive Director of the company. Mr. Wu is responsible for the construction, market operation and management of the Group's service business platform. He graduated from the Nanjing Institute of Communication Engineering in 1985 and obtained a bachelor's degree in communication engineering. He is an associate professor. Mr. Wu has over 11 years of experience in the operation and management in the market of communications. He joined the Group in 2003.
Mr. Du Feng is Vice President, General Manager - Marketing Center of the company. He is a national wireless engineer, and was a cadre at deputy regiment commander level before demobilization with rank of lieutenant-colonel. Mr. Du is responsible for the operation and management of the Group's product sales platform in the PRC. Mr. Du has 18 years of experience in army administration and technical management, and 14 years of experience in market operation and branch office operational management in communications industries. He joined the Group in 2004.
Ms. Li Yu Wen is a Vice President, Controller - Treasury Management Center of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Ms. Li is responsible for the business operation and management of the Group's process and IT management center, and the daily management of the treasury management center. She graduated from the Yunnan University in 1992 and obtained a bachelor's degree in physics. She also obtained an EMBA degree from Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management in 2006. Ms. Li has over 22 years of experience in the markets of communication, operation and project management. Ms. Li served in the GMCC in engineering construction of wireless communications solution projects for many years. She joined the Group in 1997.
Mr. Chen Sui Yang is a Vice President of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Chen is mainly responsible for the operational management of the procurement center and public products delivery center of the Group. He graduated from the Northwest Institute of Telecommunications Engineering (currently known as Xidian University ) and obtained a bachelor's degree in antenna technology in 1985. He has also obtained an EMBA degree in China Europe International Business School (CEIBS). Mr. Chen has over 29 years of experience in technology research of wireless communications. He joined the Group in 1998.
Mr. Lai Wen Qiang is Vice President - Group's Central Research institute of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Lai is responsible for the technical research and product development of wireless access products at the central research institute. He obtained a bachelor's degree in telecommunications science and technology in 2000 and a master's degree in communications and information system in 2003 from Peking University. Mr. Lai has many years of experience in technical research and development in the wireless communications area. He joined the Group in 2005.
Mr. Luo Rui Bo is a Vice President of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Luo is responsible for the Group's human resource management. He graduated from Kunming University of Science and Technology in 1998 and obtained a bachelor's degree in engineering, and obtained an EMBA degree in Sun Yat- Sen University in 2009. Mr. Luo has over 17 years of experience in human resource management and operational management of large enterprises. He joined the Group in 2005.
Mr. Johan Patrik Westfalk is a Managing Director, Caribbean & Latin America of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Westfalk is responsible for all operations throughout the Latin American countries, including Brazil, Mexico as well as the Caribbean Islands. He holds a master of science degree in engineering physics from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, specializing in electromagnetic fields and microwave antenna design and has also completed finance and accounting education at the Business School of São Paulo, Brazil. Mr. Westfalk has over 19 years of experience in the telecommunication industry and over 15 years of experience in making business in the Latin American markets. He joined the Group in 2006.
Mr. Augustin Ping Chang is General Manager - International Branch, North America of the Group of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Chang is responsible for the business development & R&D activities for high power amplifier in US & Canada. Prior to joining the Group, Mr. Chang was director of engineering at REMEC Inc. He also held various engineering management positions at Spectrian Inc. & Watkins-Johnson Company. Mr. Chang holds a master of science degree in electrical engineering from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University. Mr. Chang has more than 29 years of experience in RF/microwave amplifier development, from ultra-broadband MMIC amplifier to high power linearized power amplifier for cellular base station. Mr. Chang has co-authored numerous papers in the fields of GaAs FET amplifiers, and holds a patent on high linearity multi-carrier RF amplifier. He joined the Group in 2005.
Mr. Chen Jun is General Manager - Group's Wireless Enhancement Products Division of the company. Mr. Chen is responsible for the market operations as well as research & development and operations management of wireless enhancement products of the Group. Mr. Chen has 14 years of experience in the operation and management in the market of communications. He joined the Group in 2008.
Mr. Chen Liang is a General Manager - Procurement Center, Director of Procurement Certification Center of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Chen is responsible for the daily management of the Group's procurement center. He graduated from Shanghai University in 1998, majoring in communications and information engineering, and obtained an EMBA degree in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 2014. Mr. Chen has 17 years of experience in the technical research, product development and corporate management in the wireless communications area. He joined the Group in 1998.
Mr. Deng Shi Qun General Manager - Group's Wireless Access Business Unit of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Deng is responsible for the market operations as well as research & development and operations management of wireless access products. Mr. Deng graduated in 2007 from South China University of Technology and obtained a master's degree in circuits and systems. Mr. Deng has many years of technical research experience in the domain of wireless communications technology and computer networking technology. He joined the Group in 2005.
Mr. Pan Shuan Long is Deputy General Manager - Group's Wireless Enhancement Products Business Unit of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Pan is responsible for the research and development and technology management of the Power Amplifiers and related products with respect to active products. Mr. Pan obtained his bachelor's degree in automated controls from Lanzhou Railway University (currently known as Lanzhou Jiaotong University) in 1985. Mr. Pan has 27 years of experience in technology research and development in the mobile communications sector. Mr. Pan joined the Group in 2002.
Ms. Ye Ka (Carol) is Deputy General Manager - Group's Antenna and Subsystem Business Unit of the company. Ms. Ye is responsible for product marketing including market strategy and development, products management and business development for the Group's international operations. She graduated from National University of Singapore with the master degree of Electronic Engineering, and specialized in Microwave and Antenna design. Ms. Ye has more than 19 years of working experiences in product management, business development and network planning in Telecommunication industry. She joined the group in 2005.
Ms. Huo Xinru is Executive Director of the Company. She is president assistant of the Group and president of Comba Telecom Systems International Limited. Ms. Huo also holds various positions in the subsidiaries of the Company, including acting as director and chief executive officer in certain subsidiaries of the Company. She is mainly responsible for the relevant management work delegated by the Group and the operation and management of Comba Telecom Systems International Limited. She graduated from Imperial College London in 2007 majoring in electrical and electronic engineering, and obtained a bachelor's degree; graduated from Stanford University in the USA in 2009 majoring in (electrical engineering) digital signal processing, and obtained a master's degree. She has served successively such positions as software and application engineer, customer manager, and vice president of marketing in North America branch of the Group. She joined the Group in 2010.
Mr. Di Ying Jie, Ph.D., is a Technical Expert - Microwave RF Passive Accessories, Senior Research Supervisor of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Di is responsible for the Group's research and product development works concerning microwave RF passive accessories. He graduated from Xidian University, majoring in electronic magnetic field and microwave technology and obtained his doctorate degree in engineering. He was subsequently engaged in the post-doctorate research work with the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom. Mr. Di has been engaged in design and research of microwave RF accessories for many years. Mr. Di also has wide experience in product development of microwave RF passive accessories. He joined the Group in 2004.
Mr. Brian Donohue is a Vice President of Comba Telecom Systems International Limited of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Donohue is also business development & general manager of the Group's international branch in Europe. Mr. Donohue is responsible for business development and operations throughout Europe, Russia and CIS countries, as well as the business operations of international OEM sales. Mr. Donohue has over 30 years of experience in the telecommunications industry with more than 20 years of combined international business experience in Latin America, Europe and Asia. Prior to joining the Group, Mr. Donohue was senior managing director of CommScope based in Beijing, China where he lived for 10 years. He completed his undergraduate studies at Collin County College and attended University of Phoenix where he continued his graduate-level course work in business management. He was a member of MIMA (Midwest Industrial Management Association) where he holds a certificate in professional training and coaching. He joined the Group in 2010.
Ms. Ip Choi Lin is a Deputy Director - Group Human Resource of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Ms. Ip is responsible for the overall human resources for the Group's headquarters in Hong Kong; in charge of the overall human resources for the global businesses of the Group's international operations and also for the R&D center in USA under the Group's central research institute. She holds a bachelor of business administration degree from Newport University (currently known as Janus University), USA and a master of business administration degree from University of Management & Technology, USA. Ms. Ip has over 21 years of experience in the HR development and management. She joined the Group in 2010.
Mr. Li Xue Feng is Director - Group Internal Audit of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Li is responsible for the group internal audit. He is a member of China Institute of Internal Audit. He is an individual member of the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants and a Certified Internal Auditor. He graduated from Northeast Forestry University with a bachelor's degree in economics in 1997, obtaining a bachelor's degree in accounting, and obtained a MBA degree from Royal Roads University through further education. Mr. Li has over 18 years of experience in finance and internal audit from domestic and international companies. He joined the Group in 2010.
Ms. Ma Jing is the Director - Product Marketing of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Ms. Ma is responsible for overseeing the strategies and development of the new solutions and product marketing. She graduated from Tsinghua University with a master degree in Information & Communications Engineering in 2007 and a bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering & Automation in 2004. Ms. Ma has wide experience in product management, technical marketing and business development. She joined the Group in 2007.
Mr. Wang Hui is Director - Antenna Products Delivery Center of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Wang is responsible for the production operations and management of the antenna product lines of the Group. He completed the undergraduate studies in Chongqing University in 1984. Mr. Wang has 31 years of experience in the technology and production management in mechanical and communications industries. He joined the Group in 2010.
Mr. Wang Liang is Deputy Director - the Group's Process and IT Management Division of the company. Mr. Wang is responsible for building and optimizing the Group's process system and process management mechanism, as well as the Group's IT information construction and management. He completed the undergraduate studies in Central South University in 2005, majoring in information management and information system. Mr. Wang has 10 years of experience in the process optimization and construction and management of information system. He joined the Group in 2008.
Ms. Wong Siu Fan, CPA, is a Deputy Financial Controller - Group Finance of the Group of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Ms. Wong is responsible for the group financial reporting, financial management and company secretarial duties of the Group. She holds a master of science degree in financial management from the University of London and a bachelor of arts degree in accountancy from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Ms. Wong is a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, an associate of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators and an associate of The Hong Kong Institute of Chartered Secretaries. She has over 20 years of experience in auditing, accounting, corporate finance and company secretarial in the international accounting firm and listed companies. She joined the Group in 2004.
Mr. Xu Chuan Min is Director - Public Products Delivery Center of the company. Mr. Xu is responsible for the production management of the Group's wireless enhancement, wireless access related products and the introduction of new products. He completed the higher diploma studies in Shandong University in 2002, completed the undergraduate studies in Shandong University in 2008, graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology with MBA in 2013 and obtained an EMBA degree. Mr. Xu has 12 years of experience in the production, operation and management in communications industries. He joined the Group in 2002.
Mr. Zhang Jian Feng is Deputy Director - Accounting Management Center (PRC) of the company. Mr. Zhang is responsible for the accounting work of the Group's branches in the PRC. He completed the undergraduate studies in Central South University in 1999 and obtained a bachelor's degree in management. Mr. Zhang has 16 years of experience in accounting and financial management in communications industries. He joined the Group in 2005.
Mr. Zhang Jin Yu (Charles) is Deputy Financial Controller - Group, Controller - Accounting Management Center, Financial Shared Service Center (PRC) of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. Mr. Zhang is responsible for the daily management of the Group's accounting management center as well as the daily management of the financial shared service center (PRC). He is a member of the Certified General Accountants of Canada. He obtained a master's degree in economics from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in 1990 and a master of science degree in accounting from the University of New Haven in Connecticut, the United States of America in 1998. He has over 24 years of experience in accounting and financial management. He joined the Group in 2004.
Mr. Chan Siu Man is Company Secretary of the Company. Mr. Chan is the Deputy Financial Controller of Treasury Management Center (Overseas) of the Company. Mr. Chan joined the Group in October 2015 and is responsible for management of treasury functions of Hong Kong and overseas companies of the Group. He graduated from Hong Kong Polytechnic University with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Accountancy in 1991 and obtained a Master degree in Business Administration from University of Southern Queensland in 2000. He is also a full member of The Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants since 1996 and a fellow member of The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants since 2000. He has over 20 years of experience in accounting, auditing and financial management in various organisations. Prior to joining the Group, Mr. Chan was the company secretary of various companies, the shares of which are listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.
Mr. Lau Siu Ki (Kevin) is an Independent Non-Executive Director of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited. He is also the chairman of the audit committee and the remuneration committee and a member of the nomination committee of the Company. Mr. Lau has over 30 years of experience in corporate finance, financial advisory and management, accounting and auditing. He is currently a consultant in the financial advisory field. Prior to that, Mr. Lau had worked in an international accounting firm for over 15 years. He is a fellow member of both the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants ("ACCA") as well as the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Mr. Lau was a member of the world council of ACCA from 2002 to 2011 and was the Chairman of the Hong Kong Branch of ACCA for the year 2000/2001. He is also an independent non-executive director of seven other companies listed on the main board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the "Stock Exchange") namely TCL Communication Technology Holdings Limited, COL Capital Limited, FIH Mobile Limited, Samson Holding Ltd., Embry Holdings Limited, Binhai Investment Company Limited and UKF (Holdings) Limited. Mr. Lau has been appointed as an independent supervisor of the sixth session of the supervisory committee of Beijing Capital International Airport Company Limited, the shares of which are listed on the main board of the Stock Exchange, on 30 June 2014. He joined the Group in 2003.
Mr. Lin Jin Tong has been appointed as a Non-Executive Independent Director of Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Limited with effect from May 21, 2012. He is also the member of the audit committee, the remuneration committee and the nomination committee of the Company. Dr. Lin is currently a professor of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications ("BUPT"). He graduated from Peking University majoring in Physics, and obtained a master's degree in engineering from BUPT. Dr. Lin further obtained a doctorate degree in Philosophy and an honorary doctorate degree in Science from University of Southampton, UK. He has worked as lecturer, professor, department head, vice president of BUPT and was also the president of BUPT from 1998 to 2007. Dr. Lin was also a member of the 10th Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 2003 to 2008. He was a deputy director-general of China Institute of Communications and is currently a fellow member of The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Dr. Lin has long been engaged in optical communication engineering, including research and teaching in the aspects of high-speed optical communication system and broadband optical access network. He is an independent director of Bright Oceans Inter-Telecom Corporation, the shares of which are listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Dr. Lin had been an independent director of Jiangsu Tongguang Electronic Wire & Cable Co., Ltd, the shares of which are listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, until his general retirement on 11 November 2014. He joined the Group in 2012.
Ms. Ng Yi Kum is Non-Executive Independent Director of the Company. She is a qualified accountant and holds a Master of Business Administration degree from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She is an associate of The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, an associate of The Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, a fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, a fellow of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Ms. Ng is currently an executive director, the deputy chairman, the chief strategy officer and chief financial officer, the company secretary and a member of both the remuneration committee and the executive committee of Tse Sui Luen Jewellery (International) Limited ("Tse Sui Luen"), a company listed on the Stock Exchange. Ms. Ng joined Tse Sui Luen group in 2015 and is responsible for Tse Sui Luen group's finance and other administrative functions as well as for defining the corporate strategies of Tse Sui Luen group. Ms. Ng is also a director of certain subsidiaries of Tse Sui Luen. Prior to her joining in Hang Lung Properties Limited in 2003, Ms. Ng was employed by the Stock Exchange in a number of senior positions, latterly as senior vice president of the Listing Division. From September 2005 to November 2007, she was an executive director of Hang Lung Properties Limited, a company listed on the Stock Exchange. Ms. Ng then served as the chief financial officer of Country Garden Holdings Company Limited from January 2008 to April 2014, a company listed on the Stock Exchange. Ms. Ng is an independent non-executive director of China Power New Energy Development Company Limited and Tianjin Development Holdings Limited, both companies listed on the Stock Exchange.