Wichita, KS (Friday, August 12, 2016) – The 14th Annual Tallgrass Film Festival presented by Consolidated Equities Trust (October 12-16) today announced the seven official selections for this year's Stubbornly Independent competition representing the ongoing theme of the popular film festival.
Chosen by a film industry jury, the winner of the competition will play at the festival's Saturday Night Vimeo Stubbornly Independnent Gala, receive a $5,000 cash prize from Vimeo, a theater rental from AMC Theatres in any major market, an AMC Annual Movie Pass, and take home the Stubbornly Independent Beer Tap Trophy from VanChase Studios. All films selected for the competition will also receive digital billboard advertising from Wichita-based Fliphound, and a custom animated title for use on social media platforms from Wichita- based Title Farm. The winning film will be announced in September with the roll out of Tallgrass FF's full schedule.
The seven selections for 2016 are Alicia Slimmer's CREEDMORIA, Blayne Weaver's CUT TO THE CHASE, Kieran Valla's DELINQUENT, James Morrison's DIVERGE, Paul Taylor's DRIFTWOOD, Beth Dewey's ERASING EDEN, and Aaron Greer & Seth Panitch's SERVICE TO MAN.
Director of Programming and Operations, Nick Pope said, "After a record number of submissions, the selected contenders range in genre from indie comedy and apocalyptic sci-fi to dialogue-free drama and old school gritty street action. We're continually impressed by the accomplishments and vision that can be found within today's independent filmmaking scene, all telling unique stories outside of Hollywood. We bear witness to both women and men forced into making life crisis decisions for both comedic and dramatic effect, a period-piece examining black and white relations that is just as relevant today as the time in which it takes place, and a scientist traveling through time in an attempt to stop himself from causing a cataclysmic pandemic. As always, these contenders demonstrate the spirited and stubborn independence it takes in getting fresh and original content to the big screen."
This year marks the fifth year of the Stubbornly Independent competition, which stipulates that in order to qualify, the film must be a domestic narrative feature produced for less than $750,000, and the film cannot have a theatrical, VOD or other distribution deal prior to October 16. Previous winners (all of which have gone on to secure distribution following their appearance at the Tallgrass Film Festival) were Ishai Setton's THE KITCHEN (2012), Paul Osborne's FAVOR (2013), Jack Bryan's THE LIVING (2014), and last year's winner - Valerie Weiss's A LIGHT BENEATH THEIR FEET (2015).
Doug Klinger is co-founder of IMVDb.com and a Curator at Vimeo. He helps to find and highlight the best films and creators on Vimeo through Staff Picks, categories, and the Vimeo Podcast.
I, THE OVERNIGHT, LOUDER THAN BOMBS, HUNT FOR THE WILDERPEOPLE and CARTEL LAND, to activist documentaries including THE MESSENGER, BIKES VS CARS and OF MEN AND WAR, to cult classics like Alex Cox¹s STRAIGHT TO HELL RETURNS. Current theatrical clients include The Orchard, Participant Media and Kino Lorber Films.
A long-time veteran of the film business, Bill has worked for 41 years for a number of different exhibition and distribution companies. For seventeen years he also taught a popular course on the film business at New York University. He is also active with the Motion Picture Club and Variety-the Children's charity.
Maxwell Wolkin has been with Film Movement since 2012, where he is responsible for festival strategy, non-theatrical bookings, and educational sales, along with acquisitions as part of a rancorous acquisitions team. He is partial to classical melodrama, body horror, and other ways the medium of film puts a magnifying glass to the essential human experience.
Award-winning filmmaker and Harvard biophysicist, Valerie Weiss, has just completed her third feature film, THE ARCHER, as a director-for-hire for Mar Vista Entertainment. THE ARCHER, a feminist coming-of-age action film stars Bailey Noble, Bill Sage, Jeanine Mason, Michael Grant Terry and Kurt Fuller and follows a young competitive archer sent to a girls' reform camp and escapes the corrupt prison with the help of a jaded inmate. Her previous credits include LOSING CONTROL and A LIGHT BENEATH THEIR FEET, which won the prestigious EDA award for Best Female-Directed Narrative Feature, the Stubbornly Independent Award at Tallgrass Film Festival in 2015 and more.
Passes for the Tallgrass Film Festival are available for purchase now. Please visit http://www.tallgrassfilmfest.com for festival pass and ticketing information.
Candy injects the "fun" in her dysfunctional life. When your brother is found by a neighbor naked and drunk, you're stuck with a caveman of a boyfriend, you have a dickhead boss, and the madness of everyday life competes with your mother's need to appear "normal," you have to peek between the cracks to find the warm rays of hope. But, maybe normalcy is just a construct for other people. And, maybe breaking out of the institution is more important than fitting in. After years of trying to save those she loves, it's time for Candy to save herself.
Max Chase (Blayne Weaver) has always been on the wrong side of the law but his younger sister Isobel (Erin Cahill) always bails him out... Until the day she disappears. Now he must set out to find his sister while being pursued by the city's crime boss known as "The Man" (Lance Henriksen). Max's only ally in his search is a manipulative yet captivating criminal (Lyndie Greenwood), who is also on the run from "The Man".
DELINQUENT focuses on Joey, a troubled student who is counting the days until he can get out of school and work for his father – a tree cutter by day and the leader of a gang of small-town thieves by night in rural Connecticut. When Joey's father asks him to fill in as a lookout one night, he is thrilled, until a routine robbery goes very wrong, with Joey forced to deal with the fallout. Now, caught between loyalties to family and a friend in mourning, Joey has to deal with paranoid accomplices, an investigation, and his own guilt. What kind of man does Joey want to be and what does he owe to the people he loves?
In the aftermath of a global pandemic, one survivor is given the chance to travel across time to stop the cataclysmic event and regain everything he has lost. To do that he must kill the man responsible for sowing the seeds of mankind's destruction –his past self. Equal parts science fiction and character study, DIVERGE is the story of a man as he discovers how far he's willing to go to return to the one he loves, and what he stands to lose in doing so. The cast includes Ivan Sandomire (RESTIVE), Andrew Sensenig (UPSTREAM COLOR), Jamie Jackson ("The Blacklist").
A young woman washes ashore and is claimed and conditioned by an older man in this intricately layered, dialogue-free exploration of familial roles, isolation and captivity.
A young woman plunges her life into chaos by drinking herself into a blackout the night before her wedding, facing the ultimate soul-searching. She decides her own fate, recognizing that she has the power to make or break herself.
It's 1967, and Nashville's all-black medical school has just accepted its first white student. Now, Eli Rosenberg, and Michael Dubois, a legacy student from a very different background, must struggle to find common purpose within the pressure cooker of medical school in the turbulent 1960s.
Stubbornly Independent since 2003, the Tallgrass Film Festival is the largest film festival in Kansas. A program of the 501(c)3 Tallgrass Film Association, the festival showcases more than 180 films from around the world, hosts dozens of visiting filmmakers and includes galas, parties and educational workshop and panels. In addition to bringing the best of independent cinema to Heartland audiences, the festival is designed to highlight the city's cultural attractions including world class museums, landmarks and unique local businesses, to visitors and residents alike. Throughout the year, TFA presents year-round special screenings in partnership with organizations like Music Theatre Wichita, the Wichita Art Museum, the Orpheum Theatre, Exploration Place and the Ulrich Museum of Art, a traveling Road Show in association with the Kansas Historic Theatre Association, a 24 Hour Film Race and Filmmaker Workshops.
The 14th annual Tallgrass Film Festival is presented by Consolidated Equities Trust. Additional support comes from the City of Wichita, Howerton + White Interactive, House of Schwan, Vimeo, Atomic Billboards, KMUW 89.1 Wichita Public Radio and the Wichita Extended Stay Collection.


2 Page Resume Sample Entrancing Professional Curriculum Vitae Resume Template For All Job Seekers .
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March 2, 1893 letter from Simpson, Clapp & Co, Ship Brokers and Commission Merchants, No. 12 Old Slip, New York, New York, to John K. Ames, Esquire, of Machias, Maine, painting a dim picture of the current market for laths.
Cable Address: "Mayhew" New York Simpson, Clapp & Co.
Yours of February 2th received. We have had such a long siege of very bad weather that building operations are still almost at a standstill. Our market is quiet and quotations on laths are almost nominal. Quote St. John, not quick, at about $2.50; think roundwood, if here now, would bring about $2.30.
The dealers seem to speak very encouragingly for the Spring outlook, but so little has been done all winter that almost all of the yards will probably open the season with pretty fair stocks. Quote timber - narrow stuff $15 to $16, wide $16.50 to $17.50.
John Keller Ames was born 7 November 1831 in East Machias, Maine, the son of Albert and Mary Gardner (Keller) Ames. His paternal grandparents were Isaac and Abigail (Clark) Ames. His maternal grandparents were John and Susan (Phinney) Keller. Keller is a variation of the surname Kalloch, Kelloch, Kelleck, etc.
John Keller Ames, as can be deduced from the letter above, was involved in the lumber industry and was a respected citizen who was president of the Machias Water Company and a state senator. He married Sarah Albee (Sanborn) Ames and they raised a family of six children.
I found an interesting website dealing with the genealogy of Kalloch Family with information and photographs of people and headstones, including John Keller Ames and his family.
Yes, we have him in our Ames Society archives. He is of the Anthony Eames line of Marshfield, MA.
Thanks for this additional information! I notice the Ames Society was formed in Washington state. Many folks from the Machias and East Machias, Maine area settled in Washington during the mid 1800s to pursue lumbering and other interests. Port Gamble, Machias, etc.


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Benicia:
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Specialized Moving
Benicia (M-F: 7:30am - 5:00pm, 80' Public Scale open M-F: 7:30am - 5:00pm)
Toll Free (888) 877-2052 Local (707) 202-5052
Sacramento (M-F: 8:00am - 5:00pm)
Mountain View (M-F: 7:30am - 5:00pm, 70' Public Scale open M-F: 7:30am - 5:00pm)
Benicia: 5400 Industrial Way Benicia, CA 94510
Sacramento: 3115 Ramco Street West Sacramento, CA 95691
Mountain View: 2195 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043
Martinez: P.O. Box 829 Martinez, CA 94553
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Metropolitan Van & Storage Reviews
Dasha 3 months ago
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Ever wonder how The Lexile Framework for Reading is integrated with Capstone Digital's myON product?
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Born on July 31, 1958 .
Passed away on August 15, 1978 .
This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, Kelly winborne 20 years old , born on July 31, 1958 and passed away on August 15, 1978. We will remember him forever.


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Sequence-Based Typing of Mycoplasma genitalium Reveals Sexual Transmission
Sofie Vetli Hjorth, Eva Björnelius, Peter Lidbrink, Lars Falk, Birthe Dohn, Lene Berthelsen, Liang Ma, David H. Martin, Jørgen Skov Jensen
Sofie Vetli Hjorth
1Mycoplasma Laboratory, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
Eva Björnelius
2Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dermatovenereology, S-14 186 Huddinge, Sweden
Peter Lidbrink
Lars Falk
3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Örebro University Hospital, SE -701 85 Örebro, Sweden
Birthe Dohn
Lene Berthelsen
Liang Ma
4Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
David H. Martin
Jørgen Skov Jensen
For correspondence: jsj@ssi.dk
Mycoplasma genitalium causes male nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis and is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Epidemiological studies indicate that M. genitalium is sexually transmitted, and the aim of the present study was to further substantiate this by means of a DNA typing system. A typing assay based on a diagnostic mgpB gene PCR was developed, evaluated, and applied directly to urogenital specimens. The assay had a low limit of detection and hence a high typeability. Sequences of isolates from 52 unrelated patients were divided into 29 different sequence types, giving a discriminatory index of 0.95. Two to six M. genitalium-positive specimens were collected from each of 44 patients over a median interval of 56 days (range, 11 to 1,395). Forty had the same sequence type in consecutive specimens. Specimens collected from two men were repeatedly positive at intervals of 472 and 1,395 days, respectively, but the sequence types had changed. A new strain was introduced in one sexual dyad, and the sequence types changed subsequently. Seventy-nine M. genitalium-positive specimens from 19 couples were investigated, and all partners initially had concordant sequence types, but one couple had discordant types at one time point before a newly introduced strain took over. The present typing system is simple and reproducible and has an excellent discriminatory capacity which might prove useful in studies of sexual networks and for evaluation of treatment failures. In the laboratory, this system may document the uniqueness of newly isolated M. genitalium strains.
Mycoplasma genitalium is a cause of nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis in men (11, 21) and is associated with cervicitis and endometritis in women (2, 5, 19, 23). M. genitalium has also been associated with salpingitis and tubal factor infertility, although few studies have addressed these complications (4, 20). The organism is extremely difficult to isolate from clinical specimens; thus, it has not been possible to compare strains using classical microbiological techniques.
At present, the detection of M. genitalium is dependent mainly on PCR methods. The PCR can be based on the MgPa-1/MgPa-3 primer set located in conserved regions of the mgpB gene and producing an amplified fragment of 281 bp, as previously described (14, 15). This primer set has a very low limit of detection in clinical specimens and is consequently suited for diagnostic use. Furthermore, based on restriction enzyme analysis, it was found in 1991 that the region amplified with these primers was somewhat heterogeneous (15). Since then, sequencing has shown the presence of several mutations in the few available clinical strains compared to the sequence of the type strain M. genitalium G37 (13).
The aim of the present study was to document, by DNA-based typing, that M. genitalium is transmissible through sexual contact. We determined the discriminatory index (DI), i.e., the likelihood that unrelated strains sampled from the test population would be placed into different typing groups (10), by sequencing specimens from unrelated patients. The stability of the typing system was determined by analyzing patients with consecutive positive specimens.
Specimens. M. genitalium-positive specimens were obtained from patients recruited in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Australia as part of other studies. All studies were approved by the relevant ethical committees. Specimens were first-void urine (FVU) and cervical and urethral swab specimens.
Genetic diversity as expressed by the number of established sequence types was determined by comparing all 267 specimens sequenced, regardless of the availability of information regarding possible contact between the patients.
Reproducibility of the typing system was not evaluated in the classical sense with repeated typing of the same specimen but by selecting 2 male patients with positive M. genitalium PCR results for both urethral swab and FVU specimens at 7 time points and 12 female patients with positive specimens from more than one anatomical site, i.e., urethra, cervix, or FVU, at 17 time points.
Stability was analyzed by comparing 156 consecutive M. genitalium-positive specimens collected from 36 patients seen in Norway and Sweden as well as 7 specimens collected from patients seen in New Orleans, La., and three consecutive M. genitalium isolates (M6090, M6151, and M6312) obtained by culture from a French male patient.
The DI (10) was determined by comparing the number of different sequence types in specimens obtained from 52 unrelated patients from whom information about partners was available. The analysis was extended to include patients from whom information about partners was not available but excluded repeated samples and samples from reported partners. In this extended analysis, 144 patients were included.
Concordance of sequence types between couples was determined by comparing 79 M. genitalium-positive specimens from 19 patients with reported sexual relationships. Patients having repeatedly positive specimens were included in the stability study, and those with more than one positive specimen from any anatomical site were included in the reproducibility study. The first male FVU specimen from each couple with a sexual relationship was included in the determination of the discriminatory index.
DNA sequencing.PCR products were obtained with the MgPa-1/MgPa-3 primer set (15) using sample preparation and optimized reaction conditions as previously described (12, 14). The PCR products were purified using a QiaQuick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). Sequencing was performed with the ABI Prism Big Dye terminator reaction kit v. 2.0 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and read on an ABI 377 or ABI 3100 genetic analyzer. Both strands of the amplified fragments were sequenced.
The sequences were aligned and compared with the 281-bp sequence located between MgPa-1 and MgPa-3 in the genome of M. genitalium strain G37T (GenBank accession number NC 000908) using BioNumerics 4.0 (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium).
Genetic diversity.A comparison of all 267 specimens resulted in 56 different sequence types and 1 mixed sequence. A file containing all 56 sequence types in FASTA format is available for download in the supplemental material. The sequence name includes the name of the prototype sequence, i.e., the specimen number as well as the proposed sequence type number. For strains isolated by culture, the first available strain of the particular type was selected as the prototype sequence, and for the remaining types the name refers to the specimen number included in the calculation of the discriminatory index.
An alignment of the 56 sequences with the M. genitalium G37 sequence showing the differences is also available for download in the supplemental material.
Discriminatory index.The sequences from the 52 unrelated patients were divided into 29 different sequence types, and the resulting DI was 0.95 (Fig. 1). Expanding the analysis to include 144 patients from whom partner information was unavailable but excluding repeat specimens and specimens from known partners revealed 54 different sequence types and resulted in a DI of 0.93.
Dendrogram showing clustering of 52 DNA sequences acquired from urogenital specimens and M. genitalium strains obtained from patients with no known sexual relationship.
Stability.Two to six M. genitalium-positive specimens were obtained from a total of 36 men over a median observation time of 56 days (range, 11 to 1,395). The same sequence type was found in consecutive specimens from 33 of the men. In positive specimens collected from two men at intervals of 472 and 1,395 days, respectively, the sequence types had changed. Both had received treatment and provided several negative specimens during the time interval. They also reported several new partners during the observation period. Thus, they had most likely been infected with new strains. One man was part of a sexual dyad (couple A), and the same sequence type was found in specimens obtained from him at five visits over a 127-day period. On day 87, his female partner provided M. genitalium-positive specimens from urethra and cervix with a sequence type identical to that of the index patient. On day 127, this couple attended the clinic together, and a specimen from the index patient had the original sequence type whereas the cervical and urethral swab specimens from his partner had a new sequence type and a mixed type, respectively. No new partners were mentioned in the charts. On day 280, the index patient reattended the clinic, and both the FVU and the urethral swab specimens showed the sequence type found in the female partner's cervical specimen at day 127. The index patient reported that he had not had any partners since the visit at day 127, and it therefore seems likely that the female partner introduced a new strain.
M. genitalium-positive specimens were collected from eight women on two to four visits over a median observation period of 75 days (range, 37 to 201), and seven of the specimens had stable sequence types. The specimens from the female partner of couple A described above, collected over a 40-day interval, had different sequences.
Reproducibility.The 24 specimen sets obtained from two anatomical sites at the same visit yielded the same sequence types except for the urethral and cervical swabs from the female patient in couple A described above; the urethral swab specimen had a mixed sequence, with dual peaks in the chromatogram at the variant positions clearly reflecting the sequences of the old and the newly introduced strains.
Sexual transmission.A total of 79 M. genitalium-positive specimens from 19 couples were investigated. For 18 of the couples, nine different sequence types were identified, and the partners of each of the 18 couples had the same sequence type. Five sequence types included only one couple, three sequence types three couples, and one sequence type four couples (Fig. 2). Couple A described above had a new sequence type introduced apart from their initial unique sequence type but had initially had the same sequence types.
Dendrogram showing clustering of 65 specimens from 18 M. genitalium-positive couples. Some patients provided specimens from several anatomical sites and/or on more than one occasion. The presence of the same sequence at several time points in the cluster demonstrates the stability of the typing system. The gray shading and the symbols to the left of the specimen numbers show specimens belonging to the same couple in sequence type clusters comprising more than one couple. Note that all sequences within couples are the same. Each specimen is listed with its laboratory specimen number, with couples identified by the letters A through S and each letter followed by a two-digit number, with the first digit indicating sex (1, male; 2, female) and the second digit indicating the sequence of the specimen. Thus, 11 denotes the first specimen from the male partner and 23 the third specimen from the female partner.
The present study further substantiates the idea that M. genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen by investigating 19 couples. For all couples, the sequence type found in specimens from the male partner was identical to that found in the female partner. In one of the couples (couple A), however, a new sequence type appeared to be introduced by the female partner, since cervical specimens obtained at an interval of 40 days differed in sequence type, whereas the urethral specimen obtained at the second visit contained a mixture of the two sequence types. In the male partner, the new sequence type appeared in both the urethral specimen and the first-void urine specimen at the subsequent visit 5 months later.
Sexual transmission of M. genitalium has previously been strongly suggested by epidemiological studies which have found a concordance rate of infection between sexual partners ranging from 46 to 63% for female partners of M. genitalium-infected male index patients (1, 2, 7, 16).
The present typing system was developed on the basis of a diagnostic PCR assay (15) which allowed for a very low limit of detection and hence a high typeability. The observation that the 281-bp amplicon produced by the MgPa-1/MgPa-3 primer set contained a certain degree of variability was made during the initial validation of the assay. It was noted that only the isolates available from ATCC contained the EcoRI restriction enzyme cleavage site expected from the published sequence. Furthermore, some of the amplicons from clinical specimens also lacked an SspI site found in the type strain (15). In a later study, during the development of a TaqMan quantitative PCR assay, sequencing revealed a much higher heterogeneity than expected, and it was suggested that the MgPa-1/MgPa-3 assay could be applied for molecular typing purposes (13).
Typeability was not systematically evaluated, since specimens producing only faint bands in the MgPa-1/MgPa-3 PCR were not included in the study. It should be possible, however, to reamplify faint bands and produce enough amplicon for sequencing. Except for the urethral specimen from the female partner of couple A which produced ambiguous sequences due to an infection with two different strains, all amplicons produced unambiguous sequences.
The typing system described here was shown to have the excellent discriminatory index of 0.95. In other words, if the M. genitalium strains from two patients were unrelated, they would fall within different sequence types in 95% of the cases. This is well over the 0.90 level suggested by Hunter and Gaston (10) for an efficient typing system. The discriminatory index was determined for a collection of 52 specimens from mostly Scandinavian patients where information about sexual partners was available. However, when the panel was expanded to include 144 patients who were expected not to have sexual relations, but where this information was not directly available, the discriminatory index remained as high as 0.93. This group of specimens represented a huge geographical diversity as well as a considerable temporal separation.
Two important aspects of a typing system are reproducibility and stability, i.e., the ability to assign a strain to the same cluster when the typing is repeated or when it is performed on samples taken at various time points. The reproducibility was not investigated by repeating the sequencing of individual specimens but was estimated by examining specimens from different anatomical sites from the same patient and collected at the same time. Only for the female patient from couple A, where a new strain was introduced, was a mixed sequence found in the urethral swab specimen, showing the high reproducibility of the method. Due to the poor treatment efficacy of doxycycline (6), a relatively high number of consecutive M. genitalium-positive specimens could be collected. Sequence conservation was documented even up to 895 days after collection of the first specimen, demonstrating the ability of M. genitalium to cause persistent infections and the apparent lack of spontaneous clearance of the infection. Only two patients apart from couple A presented with different sequence types, at intervals of 472 and 1,395 days, respectively. These patients, however, had received treatment and submitted negative specimens after treatment before they were reinfected with new strains. These reinfections demonstrate that the protective immunity after a natural infection appears to be limited.
The genetic heterogeneity suggests that M. genitalium is endemic in the areas studied here and that infections are not due to the dissemination of a single strain. On the other hand, a few big clusters containing a relatively high number of strains may suggest either a clonal spread of certain, more-virulent strains or a particularly common sequence type, reflecting the limitations of the typing system. One such cluster contained sequence types from specimens collected in Denmark, Norway, Russia, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and several sites in Sweden, illustrating the widespread geographic representation of this sequence type. Further discrimination could probably be achieved by combining the MgPa-1/MgPa-3 typing system with elements of the variable-number tandem repeat typing system or of the rRNA sequence typing system, both described by Ma and Martin (18).
With a discriminatory index of 0.95, it was very surprising to find that all seven strains available from the ATCC shared the same sequence type. Although the two original ATCC isolates from the urogenital tract, G37T and M30, had the same sequence type, this could be explained by a common source yielding strains that were cultivable. However, when an early passage (passage 7) of the M30 strain was acquired from the Mollicutes Collection of Cultures and Antisera, Gainesville, Florida, it lacked the characteristic EcoRI site and clustered together with other strains having another relatively common sequence type. Moreover, the four respiratory tract isolates (3) and a strain isolated from synovial fluid (22) also had sequence types identical to that of the G37 strain. These five strains had all been isolated from cultures of M. pneumoniae. Among the other 260 sequences we studied, none had the EcoRI site found in the ATCC strains, and it therefore appears likely that the ATCC strains were contaminated and overgrown with the G37 strain or that the isolates from the extragenital sites were contaminated at some point. These findings are in good agreement with previous studies (17, 18) and may have serious implications in many respects. Except for two studies (8, 9), all antimicrobial susceptibility studies have relied on the ATCC strains and thus underestimate the variability in susceptibility among isolates. Studies of antigen variation and validations of diagnostic PCR assays may also be in danger of misinterpretation due to the lack of strains representing different sequence types.
The present typing system is simple and reproducible and has an excellent discriminatory capacity which might prove useful in studies of sexual networks and for evaluation of treatment failures in terms of whether they are related to reinfection with new strains or to persistence. In the laboratory, this system may also help to document the uniqueness of newly isolated M. genitalium strains.
We are grateful for specimens received for M. genitalium PCR testing as part of other studies by Harald Moi, Olafiakliniken, Oslo, Norway; David Taylor-Robinson, London, United Kingdom; Ryoichi Hamasuna, Miyazaki, Japan; Ruxandra Boit, Heidelberg, Germany; and Jens Boman, Umeå, Sweden.
This work was supported in part by NIAID grant 1 U19 AI061972-01.
Received 2 January 2006.
Returned for modification 9 February 2006.
Accepted 22 March 2006.
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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2006, 44 (6) 2078-2083; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00003-06
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'Brideshead' Revisited & Revised
The Mixed Reception of Waugh's Most Famous Novel
By Robert Murray Davis
Secularism and Modernity
Evelyn Waugh at his home in Combe Florey, Somerset, circa 1945 (Pictorial Press ltd. / Alamy stock photo)
Evelyn Waugh cultivated a reputation for being cantankerous—he once listed some provocations as "cooking and theology and clothes and grammar and dogs"—so it is surprising to discover that he kept his equanimity about responses to various stages of the composition and reception of Brideshead Revisited, his best-known and most profitable novel and the one in which he seems to have had the greatest emotional and artistic investment.
When he sat down to begin work on Brideshead Revisited in February, 1944, he was aware that this would be his most ambitious novel. The scope of more than a decade, the heightened style, and the complex structure would all stretch his powers and produce what early on he called his magnum opus. It was, he said later, "an attempt to trace the workings of the divine purpose in a pagan world, in the lives of an English Catholic family, half-paganized themselves, in the world of 1923–1939."
For the few Commonweal readers unfamiliar with the novel, a brief synopsis may be in order. Brideshead's narrator and protagonist is Charles Ryder, a painter. Ryder's involvement with the aristocratic Flyte family, English Catholics, unfolds from Ryder's years at Oxford to the Second World War. At Oxford, he meets and befriends the charismatic but troubled Sebastian Flyte, and eventually falls in love with Sebastian's sister Julia. Much of the novel's action takes place at Brideshead Castle, the Flytes' majestic estate, and a symbol of a once admirable, but now fading, religious and aristocratic order. Lord Marchmain, Sebastian and Julia's father, is estranged from his fiercely Catholic wife, and lives abroad with his mistress. Despite a succession of setbacks, the formidable Lady Marchmain, who will not consent to a divorce, is determined to preserve the faith of her mostly wayward family.
Waugh had quite definite ideas about the development of the complex plot. He also was aware of the audience he hoped to address, defining it in part by negation in saying that fewer than a half-dozen Americans would understand it and that, though the book was "steeped in theology," even theologians might not recognize his intent. His ideal audience included the kind of people among whom were distributed fifty copies of a special edition—actually uncorrected and bound page proofs. Some members of that audience had been consulted while composition was in progress. More surprising was the fact that he took the advice: Monsignor Ronald Knox about what was involved in closing a chapel (keep it simple and undramatic—Waugh did); Martin Darcy, SJ, on various theological issues (no inaccuracies, but sex scenes bothered him—Waugh toned down one scene so thoroughly that the sex was almost impossible to perceive, though for the 1960 edition he restored the earlier version); A. D. Peters, his literary agent on whether to publish two-thirds of the novel and the rest the following year (Peters said no for very good reasons and Waugh abandoned the position).
By the time the special edition was distributed, while Waugh was serving with the British Army in Yugoslavia near the end of World War II, he said that he had not been this eager to hear responses to a book since his first novel, Decline and Fall, was published in 1928. Some of the earliest reactions came from members of his family. His wife Laura's initial response was tepid; later, having been lectured on the art of letter writing and ordered to compare three versions of the novel, her comments were more satisfactory. His mother-in-law, Mary Herbert, thought the book a great success, though as a Catholic matriarch herself she found Lady Marchmain unconvincing. Her daughter Gabriel Dru thought that for the first time Waugh had drawn a convincing woman character.
The Herberts were, of course, Catholics. Waugh's brother Alec was, to put it mildly, not, and though he praised the novel in a letter to his brother, to their mother he wrote that he missed the old humor and hoped that Evelyn would not write any more Catholic novels. He was moved by Lord Marchmain's death and in the context shared "the curious Catholic point of view about living in sin—and appreciate and respect it (though I do find it hard to understand how anyone could believe it)."
Since Waugh was out of touch with most of his sources of gossip, he relied on Nancy Mitford, a fellow writer and close friend, to collect and transmit comments about what she termed a "Great English Classic," or "MO GEC." Mitford, centrally located in Heywood Hill's bookshop in London, was eager to provide information and as a fellow writer ideally positioned to respond to the book. She had one correction—diamond clips weren't invented until 1930, so Julia would have worn an arrow instead, an alteration which Waugh made in corrected proof. She wondered if Waugh were on Lady Marchmain's side and if Ryder "might have a little more glamour" because "he seemed to me a tiny bit dim." This was the sort of response Waugh wanted, and he explained that Ryder was dim because "it is not his story," though he admitted that if he were too dim to justify Julia's reaction to him the novel had failed. Then he added, for Mitford's eyes only: "He was as bad at painting as Osbert [Sitwell] is at writing." As for Lady Marchmain, "No I am not on her side, but God is, who suffers fools gladly; and the book is about God."
I wish Evelyn would write about characters whom one would like to meet in real life
Mitford also sent responses by some of their friends, most of whom found something to praise even when they had reservations. "General View: It is the Lygon family. Too much Catholic stuff," Mitford wrote. There were more reactions to the private edition. Just over a month before the novel was officially published on May 28, Waugh visited Oxford and at a gathering hosted by Maurice Bowra, an Oxford don and partial model for the sly Mr. Samgrass in Brideshead, he writes that he "heard harsh reports on Brideshead, [photographer, often a Waugh target] Cecil Beaton's favorite book. [Cyril] Connolly does a funny imitation of Marchmain's death bed. I didn't know you had been in love with Auberon [Herbert, his brother-in-law].'" After this inspired teasing, the moralistic response of a Catholic friend like Katherine Asquith—who could "hardly bear your writing about modern people" and asked Waugh to write "a book not a novel"—had not even the merit of wit. Monsignor Knox's first response was similar—"I wish Evelyn would write about characters whom one would like to meet in real life"—but added, "once you reach the end…the whole cast—even Beryl—falls into place and the twitch of the thread happening in the very bowels of Metroland is inconceivably effective." On the secular side of Waugh's acquaintance, Lady Pansy Lamb rejected the idea that everyone and all their possessions were glamorous in the 1920s.
Waugh apparently took negative responses into account when he wrote the copy for the first edition's dust-jacket flap: "The story will be uncongenial alike to those who look back on that pagan world with unalloyed affection, and to those who see it as transitory, insignificant and, already, hopefully passed." Waugh did not try to refute these negative responses, presumably because they came from matters of taste.
Tastes varied more than he anticipated. Lady Daphne Acton and other Catholics thought the book a masterpiece. Christopher Sykes, later Waugh's official biographer, praised the characterization of Sebastian and his Oxford friend Anthony Blanche but predicted, ironically, adverse reaction: "Feeling is running high about it. 'Roman Tract' is being hissed in intellectual circles.... Connolly is very upset.... The New Statesman will never forgive you for your crimes against taste: No miners, no mention of communism, no strictures on the house, and your obscure and constant references to the nobility."
Non-Catholic writers like Henry Yorke and Raymond Mortimer resisted the direction of the plot. Yorke, who wrote as Henry Green, confessed "how shocked & hurt I was when the old man crossed himself on his deathbed" and thought that "you may have overdone the semicolons a bit yet even then the regret with which the whole book is saturated, is beautifully carried out in the long structure of your sentences. The whole thing seemed deeper & wider than any book you have written." Later he wrote again to say that "the theme...was not easy for me" but praised the Oxford sequence and called the prologue and epilogue "perfectly placed." The art critic Clive Bell wrote before reading the novel but reported that the critic Raymond Mortimer, '"while deprecating certain tendencies,' agreed that I had a great treat in store."
The writer Peter Quennell, an Oxford contemporary, deprecated some of the same tendencies, anticipating or reflecting the response of other liberal intellectuals to the novel. He wrote in the Daily Mail that Brideshead was a tract, but adding that it was "an extraordinarily readable tract. With what skill and fertility of imagination he hammers home his thesis." He found Julia unconvincing and balked at "the major sin of romantic over-writing" before concluding that the novel was "a remarkably interesting and provocative achievement."
Most of the reviews have been adulatory except where they were embittered by class resentment.
A month after publication, Waugh was wholly satisfied with sales and partially satisfied with response in the press: "Most of the reviews have been adulatory except where they were embittered by class resentment." He seems not to have responded to any reviewers except Desmond MacCarthy, who reviewed it very favorably in the Sunday Times and later wrote to Waugh with further questions about his method.
Waugh thanked MacCarthy for the review but added, "I was pleased with the book when I finished it, but since then the rats and moths have been at me and I was despondent about it," adding "I am eager to learn your criticisms of my method."
MacCarthy's criticisms in his letter of June 18 were of a kind familiar in the work of later critics and, by 1960, in Waugh's own final view of the novel. Foremost were the soliloquies of Julia and her father, which, MacCarthy felt, overshadowed dramatic situations. He was also concerned about Charles's indifference to his children; about whether or not Anthony Blanche's criticisms of Ryder's paintings were intended to be seen as accurate; and—more a concern to other readers than to him—about why Lady Marchmain was a bad mother.
Waugh admitted that Ryder's relationship to his children (assuming that Caroline was his biological descendant) was in tone "the kind of thing I used to do ten years ago" and was "artistically indefensible." Ryder's painting was with one exception—the set done of Marchmain House—uninspired. The "obscene and sterile" Anthony Blanche served as "the voice of conscience to contrast it with the voice of God speaking to Julia at the fountain."
As for the monologues of Julia at the fountain and Lord Marchmain on his deathbed, Waugh admitted that both were stunts but that he could not at the time have used any other method. Next time he might do better because "I feel sometimes I am getting the hang of writing." And Waugh conceded that his characterization of Lady Marchmain was a failure because she was more type than person, although a recognizable type.
Three other reviews in 1946 brought Waugh unwelcome attention. Edmund Wilson, who in 1944 had called Waugh possibly "the only first-rate comic genius who has appeared in English since Bernard Shaw," gave high praise to the first half of Brideshead but condemned the rest, and the design of the whole, as a "Catholic tract" and snobbish at that. This review, published in the New Yorker, contained nothing new in the judgments of Waugh's snobbery and Catholicism, but it articulated the charges more sharply and in a larger forum. Although Waugh wrote to Peters, "I am glad we have shaken off Edmund Wilson at last," he conceded that, by Wilson's lights, he was rightly outraged at Waugh's bringing God into Brideshead and twice more referred to him as having views similar to George Orwell's—a kind of praise, though qualified.
Like Wilson, but at greater length in a survey of Waugh's career to date for Horizon, the novelist Rose Macaulay regretted Waugh's turn away from the style of his early novels towards a lusher and often sentimental style and a partisan acceptance of a Roman Catholic view of Elizabethan history. Surprisingly, Waugh's only surviving comment on the article was her "advising me to return to my kennel and not venture into the world of living human beings."
A year later Waugh traveled to Hollywood to discuss with MGM the possibility of a film of Brideshead. Discovering that everyone at the studio regarded the book as a love story and nothing more, Waugh produced a long memo laying out the themes and the role of the characters. At times he sounded a bit sharp, but since he didn't really expect anything else from the studio, he saved his rancor until he wrote the essay "Why Hollywood is a Term of Disparagement" and the satirical novel The Loved One.
While in Hollywood, Waugh apparently was shown an article, "The Pieties of Evelyn Waugh," by Conor Cruise O'Brien, writing as Donat O'Donnell. Waugh did not respond to this attack on the style and theme of Brideshead until six months after its original publication, perhaps because he did not see it until his trip to Hollywood. O'Donnell's article was one of several cited by MGM as reasons to be wary of trying to go ahead with the project, ultimately shelved.
Waugh's response to the article was by his standards temperate, concentrating on the charges of snobbery, justified if defined by a preference for "the company of the European upper-classes." The church he joined had none of the glamour imputed to it by O'Donnell. Furthermore, he points out, two of the three worldly characters (meaning unsympathetic) in the novel are rich or high-born.
None of these criticisms seemed to affect the popularity or sales of Brideshead, which became a Book-of-the-Month Club selection in 1946. But the more popular his novel became, the more serious were Waugh's reservations. Early that year he wrote his old friend Lady Mary Lygon that "my book has been a great success in the United States which is upsetting because I thought it in good taste before and now I know it can't be."
By 1950, despite minor revisions introduced into successive English editions, he had become still more dissatisfied with the novel, admitting to Nancy Mitford that "all that those nasty critics said was bang right." A week later he wrote to Graham Greene that on rereading the novel he was "appalled" by excesses in the language, though he continued to think the plot "excellent. I plan to spend the summer rewriting it."
In fact, he did not revise the novel until late 1959 for publication the following year. He changed the structure from two books to three and restored the original language of Charles's sex with his wife. He also revised the history of Charles's religious views in an attempt to make it impossible for all but the most intransigent Anglicans to deny that Charles has been received into the Roman Catholic Church. There were significant cuts to some of the lusher passages because, Waugh said, "the book is infused with a kind of gluttony, for food and wine, for the splendors of the recent past, and for rhetorical and ornamental language, which now with a fuller stomach I find distasteful." Some but by no means all of the lush places include the bridge to the novel's final book and the soliloquies of Julia and her father. In Waugh's Preface he said that he kept some of each passage because "they were essentially of the mood of writing; also because many readers liked them, though that is not a consideration of first importance."
Waugh, always conscious of historical context, offered this new edition "as a souvenir of the Second War rather than that of the 'twenties or of the 'thirties, with which it ostensibly deals." Then, turning the joke on himself, Waugh produced a travesty of Brideshead in the description of Major Ludovic's novel The Death Wish in Unconditional Surrender (published in the United States as The End of the Battle), which Waugh had begun to plan in detail some months after he had revised Brideshead. In the novel, Ludovic achieves some reputation as the author of avant-garde pensées, along the lines of Cyril Connolly's Palinurus, excoriated by Waugh in his diaries and later in print. Ludovic's new book, written almost automatically, progresses inexorably and unconsciously. It was the reverse of avant-garde: "It was a very gorgeous, almost gaudy tale of romance and high drama set…in the diplomatic society of the previous decade. The plot was Shakespearean in its elaborate improbability. The dialogue could never have issued from human lips, the scenes of passion were capable of bringing a blush to readers of either sex and every age."
But in a way it is part of a movement: "half a dozen other English writers, averting themselves sickly from privations of war and apprehensions of the social consequences of the peace, were even then, severally and secretly…composing or preparing to compose books which would turn from the drab alleys of the thirties into the odorous gardens of a recent past transformed and illuminated by disordered memory and imagination."
This is Waugh's mea culpa for the excesses of his most popular and most profitable work. To paraphrase the remark made about Hemingway's hero in To Have and Have Not, if he had no pity on anyone else, he had no pity on himself either—nor resentment toward those who led him to change his mind about what once he hoped was his magnum opus.
Published in the January 26, 2018 issue:
Robert Murray Davis is co-editor of Brideshead Revisited for The Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh (Oxford University Press). This essay is adapted from the introduction to that volume. Among Davis's other works are Evelyn Waugh, Writer and Brideshead Revisited: The Past Redeemed.
Greene & Waugh in Texas
Obsessed with Continuity
Our Old, Harsh Immigration Laws Are New Again
BooksMoviesSecularism and Modernity
Mother Ireland
Innocents Abroad
A Relentless Interrogator


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1. Edward B. Jr., Chicken, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
International Stock Food Company (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
Advertisement for an egg laying contest that took place from October 1, 1905, to May 1, 1906. Contestants had to feed International Poultry Food to their hens. Prizes ranged from $5-$20 for children and $25-$100 for adults. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
Hennepin County Library, James K. Hosmer Special Collections Library
2. 3 Feeds For One Cent, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for International Stock Food Tonic sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The advertisement emphasizes the food is medicinal and lists a number of named medicinal ingredients. From the advertisement: "Any Chemist, Druggist or Veterinarian will tell you that the medicinal ingredients we use, when properly compounded will make a good animal tonic and aid to digestion, and is perfectly safe for all kinds of animals in working, growing, breeding, milking or fattening condition." International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
Advertisement for feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Three testimonials from O.E. Countryman of Spencer, North Dakota, Oren J. Spalte of Pleasantville, Iowa, and John D. Marshall of Walton, Kansas, about the weight gain possible by pigs on the feed are included. "Schooley's Beauty" is featured on the poster, a Durock Jersey sow with a litter of 11 pigs. Text from poster, "International Stock Food 3 Feeds For One Cent Makes Sows Give More And Better Milk." International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
Advertisement for livestock feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The feed is purported to purify the blood and aid digestion in horses, cows, and pigs. "Won highest medal at Paris in 1900." International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
Advertisement for livestock feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Poster designed by Harry Millard. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
International Stock Food Company(Minneapolis, Minnesota)
Advertisement for International Stock Food animal feed and its use as a hog cholera preventative. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
7. 3 Feeds One Cent, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for animal feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Purported to tone horses, make cows produce more milk, speed growth, and cure or prevent diseases. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
8. International Gall Cure, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for gall cure sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Gall Cure was supposed to be effective on gashes, sore shoulders, sore necks, sore backs, sore months, cuts and bruised heels. It was backed by a positive cash guarantee. The cost of a tin of the Cure was $0.25. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
9. International Hoof Ointment, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for hoof ointment sold by International Stock Food. The advertisement promises the ointment, saying it "will save your horse by keeping the hoof soft, elastic and tough." International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
10. International Louse Killer, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for louse killer sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The advertisement claims it is a disinfectant and germicide and destroys ticks and fleas on horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, etc. Text from poster, "Hens With Lice Lay Few Eggs. Use International Louse Killer. It Quickly Kills Lice." International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
11. International Pheno-Chloro, disinfectant, antiseptic and germicide, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for International Pheno-Chloro, an antiseptic and germicide prepared only by International Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The germicide is purported to prevent hog and chicken cholera and contagious human diseases, as well as germs produced by insects. Varieties of mites, lice, ticks, and flies displayed around perimeter of poster. Text from poster, "International Pheno-Chloro Greatest Known Disinfectant Antiseptic And Germicide." International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
12. International Poultry Food, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for poultry food sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The feed is purported to cure and prevent disease and increase egg production. Varieties of chicken breeds illustrated around perimeter of poster. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
13. International Stock Food advertisement, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for livestock feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The feed is purported to be the "quick cattle and hog grower and fattener" and includes farmer testimonials in support of that claim. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
Advertisement for livestock feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Poster shows two sickly runts and their weight gain 3 months later, after consuming the feeder.
15. International Stock Food 3 Feeds For One Cent The Combination That Makes Hogs Grow Big
Advertisement for International Stock Food animal feed that purports to make a hog grow to a large size. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
16. International Stock Food, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for animal feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
17. International Stock Food livestock feed advertisement with pig in suit and top hat, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for livestock feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
18. International Stock Food Makes Protection Chief Win At 38 State Fairs
Advertisement for International animal food with testimonial from William T. Dever, a Chester White Swine breeder. He notes his Chester White Boar, Protection Chief, had "won more First Prizes and Champion Ribbons than any hog living or dead" because of his use of International Stock Food mixed with his feed twice a day. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
19. International Stock Food the Quick Sheep Appetizer, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for animal feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Purported to fatten sheep in 30 days, aid digestion, speed lamb growth, and increase the clip of wool. Includes one farmer testimonial. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
20. International Stock Food Tonic, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Image with two black pigs (possibly Berkshire) under the title," INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD TONIC." International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
21. Our World Famous Stallions, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for livestock feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. "The world's standard animal tonic." Ad features world famous stallions Arion, Minor Heir, Dan Patch, Directum, and Roy Wilkes. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, who bought race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business. Consequently, Dan Patch is featured on many International Stock Food Products. The horse and his owner had a close connection: Dan Patch died July 11, 1916; Savage died of a heart attack a few days later. Dan Patch became less significant as America embraced the automobile. Ironically, Savage started manufacturing the Dan Patch automobile in 1911.
22. The $500 White Plymouth Rock, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Poster featuring Edward B. Jr., a white Plymouth Rock chicken that sold for $500 with a score of 96.5. This image was used for an egg laying contest poster (see MDL identifier umn191745). International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, a Minnesota-based entrepreneur for whom the town of Savage, Minnesota, was named. Savage bought record-breaking harness race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business.
23. World Famous in Breeding, Racing and Colts, International Stock Food Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Advertisement for animal feed sold by the International Stock Food Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Features the champion 4-year-old trotting stallion Directum and his record speed of 2minutes, 5.25 seconds. Also includes speeds for other race horses. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, who bought race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business. Consequently, Dan Patch is featured on many International Stock Food Products.
24. Dan Patch (The Worlds Champions) Spreader
M.W. Savage Factories Company (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
Image of the Dan Patch Manure Spreader. International Stock Food Company was owned by Marion Savage, who bought race horse Dan Patch to help promote his business. Consequently, Dan Patch is featured on many International Stock Food Products. The horse and his owner had a close connection: Dan Patch died July 11, 1916; Savage died of a heart attack a few days later. Dan Patch became less significant as America embraced the automobile. Ironically, Savage started manufacturing the Dan Patch automobile in 1911.
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The Rochester Area denied an online petition in favor of public transportation throughout Rochester. This would allow for residents in Oakland to have access to transportation in and out of the city. However, without it being passed, many residents are indignant.
"Barrett's community of more than 70,000 residents…does not participate in the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation, better known as the SMART bus system," said author of Rochester area officials: no resident demand for additional public transportation Paul Kampe.
The goal of this public transportation petition was to have the Smart bus system integrated into the suburbs and rural areas of Rochester Hills. Many rurals areas throughout Rochester are cut off from the community because of their inability to drive and are having population declines because of this. Yet, many are still wanting to be part of the community but are unable to do so because of the lengthy drive times or even the inability to drive.
Many teens and older generations are unable to drive and or have restrictions on their license.
"I live far away from the school and with both of my parents working, it is sometimes hard to hangout with friends and get to work on time. Especially without my license, public transportation would aid me in many different ways," said sophomore Lily Morelock.
Aside from outside areas, the inner areas of Rochester are also in need of transportation. The core of Rochester is an aging community. On the other side of the spectrum there is a growing population of young adults who do not have their license or are not the greatest at driving. Public transportation would help the young people with license restrictions, and those who are unable to drive safely. At the same time, aiding the elderly across Rochester to drive to places like the library, medical facilities, social events, or even their friends house.
"Aside from helping the environment and reducing the amount of fossil fuels put into the environment, public transportation would make it way easier for me to hangout with my friends around the area because I do not have to worry about my license restrictions," said sophomore Abby Guest.
Public Transportation can add to everyone's daily life. Aside from the young and old generations, citywide transit can also greatly aid veterans returning from overseas. A lot of times, war veterans do not have cars and are often times struggling from money as it is. On top of this many do not have, or are separated from spouses. returning from overseas duties, those already separated and military spouses. Transit throughout Rochester could greatly aid these men and women by providing a safe and low-cost way to connect with work, schooling or college, hospitals, and other important services. It is also a great way for veterans to find jobs who do not have one after serving their time in a war.
A picture of downtown Rochester where many teens go to eat at the restaurants and shop.
Public transportation is also very helpful to the environment and is a great way to lower the amount of fossil fuels emitted into the environment. It also contributes to the health and safety of others by allowing irresponsible drivers a way to get around.
"We can reduce fatal car crashes involved with new drivers and the public transportation would only hire proven experienced drivers which would have less chance of a car accident than a teen," said sophomore Audrey Beach.
The residence of Rochester are also very proud of their community. Yet, many do not experience this culture because they can not drive. It is proven that public transportation would bring in more income to small businesses and restaurants throughout the Rochester area. Additionally, many people who would otherwise miss out, are able to part take in Rochester events such as the farmers market and Fire and Ice Festival.
Many may be concerned with the cost however, Melaniphy suggests that recycled materials and renewable energy sources will be used in the process. This is however only a future plan due to the decline of the petitio.
A picture of a SMART bus that is used as a way for people to get to work and school throughout Detroit.
"Capital construction, such as using sustainable building materials, recycled materials, and solar and other renewable energy sources to make facilities as 'green' as possible. Employing practices in operations and maintenance such as reducing hazardous waste, increasing fuel efficiency, creating more efficient lighting and using energy-efficient propulsion systems," said Melaniphy.
With the lowered cost and benefit for the environment. There is no question the public transportation in and out of Rochester is the right idea for kids and older generations. Moving around Rochester is imperative to the growing economy, and there is no doubt that it would surely make the future brighter for young Americans.


Webrings are communities of individual web sites on the Internet that have joined together to help you find what you are looking for. You may explore the "ring" by going site to site using the ring navigation bar on each site OR by listing the members and selecting the site you want. The Blacksmiths Ring is one of the most useful and well maintained rings on the net. This is NOT a Webring.org webring. There are no pop-up ads except from some individual's pages.


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Yoga Laying Foundation
Learn More About Breathing Techniques
Welcoming Wellness
Get in the Flow
Paula K, BS Wellness Consultant/Coach
2023 - it's a game-changer and even better if you are willing and are able to expand and explore newly awakened relationships with love, peace, and happiness - letting those qualities be the foundation for all of our experiences.
I will be offering a free Yoga Class in the Farmers Trading Company community room on 721 W Havens Ave, - Jan. 21st at 11:00.
It will be a gentle, peaceful Yoga Class - Gaining insight into our true nature, which is to be the expression of love, peace, and happiness, (hummmmm, interesting!) Self Inquiry is an interesting study, Just say-in...
Bring a loved one, or a friend, or just come and enjoy a moment of Inner Peace, balance, and harmony.
Wuv,
Paula Kay
Please call or text to sign up: (605) 299 - 6602
Copyright © 2023 Paula K, BS Wellness Consultant/Coach, all rights reserved.
Mitchell, SD 57301 (605) 299-6602