Christians far and wide reacted to the interview in a variety of ways. Mostly, expressing frustration that Lauren failed to speak the truth in love about homosexuality being a sin. I believe that she has become a very popular Christian singer because of the integrity and reliability of her music, so people were genuinely rooting for her to answer it a certain way.
Excellent articles and books have been written dealing head on with the issue of homosexuality and whether or not it's sin. We can be certain that it is sin and I recommend you search those out. This piece has a specific purpose.
The producer for the Domenick Nati Show reached out to me asking if I would be willing to post some or all of his statement concerning the backlash that Lauren Daigle received over her recent interview. I thanked him for reaching out and promised to review the statement closely and, if I felt it to be helpful, I'd interact with it in a spirit of fairness to Domenick's effort. After reviewing the statement, I believe it's important to clarify some truths for professing Christians. Anyone claiming to be a follower of Christ has a responsibility to be faithful to His Word, the Bible. Therefore, if someone is asked a question about the Bible and they "don't know," that's fine to admit, but that doesn't change the truth about the Bible.
In general, this is fair. There is nothing wrong with a person saying, "I don't know." In fact, it's advisable if you don't know something. It's better than lying. Truth is, we don't know what Lauren's motive was, whether or not she lied, or what the state of her heart is before the Lord. For the most part, if we just take Domenick's words at face value, there isn't much to disagree with here.
Here is where I do take exception to his statement. To be blunt, he's flat out wrong from a historically orthodox Christian point of view. In other words, Christians for thousands of years would disagree with him, proper teaching for thousands of years disagrees with him, and only those who abandon the inerrancy, authority, and sufficiency of Scripture could do with Scripture what Domenick did here. I am not saying he is evil or malicious, but I am saying that this response is from a position that we, as Bible-believing Christians, reject.
Jesus didn't speak directly about a lot of things including racism, child-abuse, or vandalism, yet that doesn't make those "not sin." Also, to pit the words of Moses and Paul against what Jesus did or didn't teach is foolish. Jesus quoted from 24 books in the Old Testament, including all of Moses' writings. Think they don't matter or aren't reliable? God Himself quoted from them. As for Paul, Jesus appeared to him, converted him, then commissioned him to be an Apostle (Acts 9). Countless scholars agree that he wrote nearly 50% of the New Testament letters. Further more, N.T. writers were "carried along by the Holy Spirit" (2 Peter 1:21) and guided "into truth" by the Holy Spirit (John 16:13). Finally, to take one little verse and say that it defines all of sin is what we call proof-texting or eisegesis. It's basically taking something way out of its context. In John 16:8-9 Jesus is explaining that the Holy Spirit is going to convict the world of sin, righteousness, and "judgment" (not judging, as Domenick wrote). This means that the Holy Spirit is going to tug on people's hearts and make it clear that they are sinners who need to repent, trust in Christ's righteousness, and that He is going to judge them if they don't. This is not a nullification of what is or isn't sin. This is not a "get out of jail free" card for homosexuals. This is clear teaching that if you don't repent of what the Law says is sin, you can never be made righteous in Christ. The Law says homosexuality and many other things are sin. That's why we need Christ. We cannot keep the Law and therefore, are damned in our sin without trusting Him in faith. Therefore, we need to admit what is sin and turn to Him.
To true Christians, Scripture is not flawed or false. We believe it's the literal "God-breathed" word to us and for us. We believe that Moses, Paul, and Jesus do not disagree with each other. We believe that even though time has passed God's word will not (Isaiah 40:8). We believe that God has preserved His Word. It teaches us about Him, how to be saved from our sin, and how to live for His glory.
As for why Christians are upset with her, it's important to be fair to their point of view, Domenick. People are upset with Lauren because she didn't uphold biblical truths yet she claims to be a Christian. She represents "us" on platforms around the world. If she fails to tell the truth, she fails to uphold our collective witness. People are upset with Lauren because they expected better from a well-known Christian artist. People are upset with Lauren because they are tired of "celebrity" Christians misrepresenting our orthodox beliefs.
As frustrating as it is to see Lauren miss the chance to suffer public backlash for proclaiming the truth, my heart goes out to her, and to you, Domenick. I don't know your story, but so many professing Christians in celebrity culture, like you and Lauren, need to be encouraged and reminded that capitulating to the world's pressure is not respectable. They're owning you when you bow to their agenda. You're not the influencer, you're the influenced. To be a Christian is to stand upon convictions that transcend fans, fame, and followers. Being a Christian is about allegiance to Jesus Christ and His unchanging Word (Hebrews 13:8).
The Bible is clear. Take God at His whole Word or take nothing at all.
Disappointing response from Lauren Daigle. She had a MEGA opportunity to share the GOSPEL TRUTH with the radio audience during this interview, sadly she failed.
GOD says homosexual relationships are indeed an abomination (sin), Leviticus 12:13, the Book of Romans . I believe she caved to the world with her response :(. The Bible makes it very clear, this is not a "gray area" of biblical knowledge. If she indeed has friends who are living sinful relationships as such, as a Christian I pray she shares the GOSPEL TRUTH with them. "Hate the sin, Love the sinner". I still luv her God given singing..
Question is how do you propose she handles this backlash now? Address her fans directly on social media or wait for another high profile interview where she is almost guaranteed to fumble her answers even more on this hot topic?
I'd hope she goes straight to a public statement. All you can do at this stage is say sorry, admit you blew it, say what the Bible actually says, and move forward in grace! I think all of us (hopefully) in the body of Christ would cheer anyone who comes back to tell the truth.
All of that is true, but it's not the whole story. I expect pastors and parents to do their job so that the Lauren Daigles of the world have Biblical literacy. And until these singers/songwriters have a proper understanding of the Bible, they shouldn't be put out on such a huge platform. That's not to say that Lauren is not responsible. She should know better than to proclaim Christianity when she doesn't even know what the Bible says about homosexuality.
But it gets worse. Lauren also called Ellen DeGeneres a "bundle of light." What Christian doesn't know that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Light and that Christians are light, but that unbelievers are not light? What Christian doesn't know that believers were delivered from Darkness to Light and that unbelievers are still in Darkness? There is no light in unbelievers. What Lauren (and those like her) are doing is destroying the message of the Gospel. She needs to stop what she's doing and examine herself before she sings another song.
Wise (and convicting) words, Carol. I agree – though I don't know who her pastors or parents are – that we ought to also hold her leaders accountable for they're oversight and discipleship responsibility. It's a humbling reminder that we need to prepare people before deploying them into ministry.
Sort of parallel to 1 Timothy 5:22. No, these singers aren't elders in the churches, but they should be considered to have a similar responsibility so far as being equipped and able to rightly handle the Word (given their ministry platform). That puts the onus on their elders, especially. I'm not sure who Lauren's elders are, but they have some explaining to do.
All I could think about is where her parents where.
It would have been better to just not answer the question at all and say "it doesn't pertain to my music at all." if she wanted to go that route- because no matter how one answers that particular question, people will be angry with you if you are a "celebrity." Because honestly, does it really pertain to her music? Nope. People just want a button point to be mad or happy about which is entirely idiotic imo.


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All life on Earth depends upon energy from the sun. Plants convert the sun's energy into matter. Other living things use the energy stored in plant matter to fuel and sustain their bodies. Life is a perpetual sharing of energy, an endless cycle of energy conversion... sunlight into matter and matter into energy. Even the sun itself is simply converting matter into energy. We are all parts of the same energy miracle, and the sum of us all is one.
Our time on Earth is the most valuable asset that we have. Once it passes, none of our other possessions will matter at all. If you learned that you were terminally ill and about to die, how valuable would another year of normal, healthy living be to you? More valuable than all of your other possessions combined? Would you then understand that the value of your time on Earth is truly priceless?
So if we are all part of the same energy, and the true value of our time is priceless, can we be anything other than equal? Of course we are not equal in size, or strength, or intelligence, and our abilities and interests differ. But that is not the point. We don't have to be the same to be equal.
Equality means that we all have a natural, equal right to participate in life fully and freely without exploitation or coercion. True equality can only arise from an unlimited respect for life itself... from an unlimited awe of the sanctity of all living energy. Only from that unified, common source can we see where we each fit in. Unfortunately our current culture has almost totally obliterated this point of view. It totally ignores the unity and connectedness of all living energy and violently disrespects the sanctity of life.
Our current economic system rewards selfish, anti-social behaviour and creates a hostile environment that brings out the worst in people (greed, dishonesty, vanity, etc.). People then interpret these behavioural symptoms as being an indication of our true "human nature". But if you put the same people into a healthy, co-operative economic environment, an entirely new set of social behaviours will emerge (like humility, honesty and respect). Our only true human nature is adaptability. Our behavioural capacity ranges from the very best to the worst imaginable. It's entirely up to the environmental relationships that we are a part of.
It is ironic that the true source of all real wealth on this planet comes from things that mankind has had absolutely no control over. Natural resources are a gift from nature to all living species, both here today and yet to come. Mankind had no hand at all in their creation. Likewise, before our birth, we were not given a choice of the talents and abilities we would have here on Earth. Nature again provided us with the internal gifts that we inherited. Everything of value made by man was created by combining these natural gifts together. Human and natural resources are the only two ingredients of every human creation. So how can we justify anything other than an equal human right to enjoy the gifts that nature provided freely for us all?
If we could just learn to settle for true equality, then all full-time workers would be able to earn over $100,000 a year. (click on the Income tab above for details) Although the richest 5% may not like this idea, 95% of humanity should be able to see that true equality would be in their own best interest. So why is there so much resistance to the idea of true equality? What do people fear about equality?
Equality does not require that we give up our individuality. Equality does not imply that we must become "the same". In fact, the opposite is true. Equal rights insist that, despite our individual differences, we all maintain a natural right to live freely, without coercion or exploitation.
Equality does not limit our abilities or prevent us from being better than others in certain capacities. Again, the opposite is true. Equality gives us the freedom to explore and develop our own unique set of abilities without the threat of financial insecurity. People are totally free to develop their natural superiorities. They just can't use them to lessen the equal rights of others.
Equality would not make us all lazy. This is a false prophecy perpetuated to scare and mislead the public. Think about the facts for a moment. If income alone motivates people to work, why are so many people working at difficult or stressful jobs for the minimum wage? When the marginal cost of doing nothing is so low, why aren't workers flocking to the welfare roles? There must be another motivation for working a minimum wage job other than just a slight increase in income. Does it really make sense that paying people more money for what they already do now will motivate them to quit working? Do you feel like quitting your job every time you get a raise?
Equality will not destroy the incentive and motivation of our most talented people. The brilliant and artistically gifted are driven by their desire to express themselves. The depth and meaning of their lives comes from the pursuit of this expression. The true artist or genius has no choice. It is simply who they are. If they try to ignore their gifts, they will destroy themselves. They must release the creative urges that drive them, whether they are paid for it or not. Albert Einstein would not have chosen to work in a coffee shop even if a coffee shop worker earned the same as a physicist. John Lennon would not have worked at Walmart even if they paid him as much as he earned on the road.
Our intuitive and innate desire for equality has a long history of denial. The Declaration of Independence introduced the principle in 1776 with the famous words "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." Unfortunately however, these unalienable rights from our Creator never made it into the economic fabric of society. If we are ever to learn to cooperate peacefully and survive as a species, we had better incorporate them soon.
The Financial Party suggests that society has the potential to be led by higher values than money alone. Most people are reasonably content once their income level enables them to live comfortably and avoid the risk of poverty. Finding work that is interesting, socially meaningful and personally challenging becomes much more important to them than merely earning more money. A deeper purpose and meaning of life will penetrate our culture. Self-development will become our primary inspiration, not for monetary gain, but for the natural joy and inner satisfaction that personal growth generates. Fortunately there will always be many people who are happy to work less demanding occupations, so long as they are compensated fairly for their time.
Let free competition on a level economic playing field look after who does what. Those who have been blessed with superior natural gifts will be rewarded with exceptional opportunities to develop and use their talents. Social status will be earned through public service. Dangerous or unpleasant jobs will be rewarded with greater social respect and more paid time-off. Create a society where equal is the highest value possible. Teach our children that superiority without humility is wrong. Give people the economic freedom to vote with their lives for the kind of society they want. One life, one vote... now that's true democracy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Multi-Flash™ 500 Copper Fabric flashing (non-asphaltic) is a full, single sheet of copper bonded on two sides to a layer of polymeric fabric. Multi-Flash™ 500 uses include: cavity wall flashing, foundation sill flashing, flexible flashing, head and sill flashing and through-wall flashing. Multi-Flash™ 500 has a life of the wall warranty.


Need to add a little color to your walls but don't know where to start? Grab a few canvases, your favorite colors in spray paint form, and a few polka dot-shaped pieces of adhesive coins from Velcro Industries, and get to work!
We've been kind of obsessed with polka dots lately and looking to create some dotty wall art. The thing is, drawing perfect circles or cutting out circle stencils is a pretty tall order. They always end up lopsided, and it's hard to get a really clean line. Enter VELCRO® Brand coins, also known as round pieces of adhesive tape that you can easily peel on and off of canvas.
First, create your design using VELCRO® Brand coins. We'll start with the Industrial Strength (aka large) ones. Spray paint away in any design you like, and let dry.
Peel off the coins and you've got bright white polka dots in the middle of your canvas! And guess what? You can totally reuse the coins for another project. Win!
Repeat with as many designs as you like.
Just be sure to let the spray paint dry for a good 30 minutes before peeling off the VELCRO® Brand coins.
Who knew gold, fluorescent orange and electric blue could be such good friends? It almost looks like a hyper-color sunset or something! Makes us dream of sunny summer days… ?
What are your favorite easy wall art projects? Talk to us in the comments below.


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The two stories in Stephen Morris, "Stephen Morris" and "Pilotage", were some of Shute's earliest works (1923-24) and were published the year after he died. "Stephen Morris" is semi-autobiographical, and tells of a young engineer just out of Oxford who works for a struggling aircraft builder and who proposes to the girl of his dreams. "Pilotage" continues Stephen Morris's story, but shifts to Peter Dennison, Morris' navigator on a flying boat testing the feasibility of airmail service between London and New York. No such service existed at the time Shute wrote the story.
Phillip Stenning, an RAF ace in WWI, works at aviation jobs in the thirties. When a friend is murdered, he investigates. He tracks down a smuggler and supporter of Il Duce and lays a trap.
Peter Moran, a former WWI pilot, manages an English estate. While driving one evening, he encounters a pilot fleeing the forced landing of an airplane. The pilot is Maurice Lenden, with whom Moran served. Lenden tells Moran of his troubled life since the war, doing odd flying jobs and aerial surveys in Honduras. But another country asks Lenden to do covert surveys of England, and he may be guilty of treason.
Malcom Stevenson, a wealthy ex-naval officer, is involved in a staged auto accident. Gun smuggling and political plots are involved, and Stevenson must unravel them with the help of a dance hall hostess.
Henry Warren, director of an English banking house, decides to buy and reopen a deserted shipyard in order to help a depressed city, boost the tradition of British shipbuilding, and have some fun. He works hard at making a go of the business, and has faith in his goals, but cuts a few legal corners to help the company and continue to provide work for his employees. This gets him into trouble with the law.
Shute foretells the effect of aerial bombing on a modern city in telling the story of the Corbett family at the start of World War II. What happens when a family used to electricity and running water can no longer count on them?
This is a book about a long, difficult flight. The story follows an air expedition to Greenland in search of the ruins of Viking settlements. It mixes the modern story of Ross (a pilot) Cyril Lockwood (an Oxford archaeologist), and his daughter Alix with the "remembered" story of Haki and Hekja, two runners from Scotland who sailed with Leif Erickson to Vinland the Good, the first European explorers of America.
Jerry Chambers is a coastal patrol pilot in WWII; Mona Stevens is a barmaid at the Royal Clarence hotel where Jerry hangs out. They meet and fall in love. All looks fine until Jerry is accused of making a terrible mistake in combat, and only Mona may be able to rescue his career.
John Howard, an elderly Englishman, is on vacation in Southern France at the beginning of World War II. He promises some friends that he will take their children back to England with him. Along the way, Howard encounters a number of different children, taking each under his care. When France falls to the Nazis, trains are halted, cars run out of gas, the roads are filled with refugees and strafed by german planes. Unless Howard can find a way for his little group to escape to Britain, they will all be killed or imprisoned.
Peter Marshall is a bomber pilot in WWII Britain, and Gervase Robertson a WAAF on his airbase. They meet and fall in love, but Gervase isn't sure about their relationship. She has duties to perform that take precedence over individual emotions, and the future is all too uncertain. Peter takes off day after day on bombing missions, and the odds are not good that he will keep returning unscathed from each flight.
During WWII, a secret commando mission is planned using a French fishing boat and a terrible flame weapon. German gunboats in a town on the French coast are the target, and the commandos hope to show the Nazis that England is not beaten, and to let the French know they are still remembered by England.
A film play of the Viking portions of An Old Captivity. Major Callender returns to his pre-war teaching job, but lasts only a day teaching history when he tells his students a different story of the new world in order to make history more relevant. The story Callender tells emphasizes the importance of the little man in history, and fails to endear him to the more traditional faculty.
John Turner, a little man, learns he will die of a head wound suffered during the war. He accepts this, but decides to do something good in his remaining time. He decides to visit three men he met in his hospital ward. They were each in trouble when he met them, and now he sets out to find how each has chosen his life and settled his problems.
Nevil Shute wrote the first SEAFARER manuscript sometime around 1946-47. He thought enough of his first effort to rewrite the entire manuscript shortly thereafter. However, he apparently did not think either was worthy of publication. In 1948, he rewrote the story as BLIND UNDERSTANDING, another tale of the after effects of war. In it, he included many of the scenes and topics later to be found in REQUIEM FOR A WREN. He must have been dissatisfied with that version as well, as he put it aside. REQUIEM FOR A WREN was the only one of this developmental sequence to be published.
THE SEAFARERS was resurrected in 2001 and, with minor editing, published for the first time in May 2002. It is the story of two young people trying to find love and to adjust to life after World War II. Unlike most stories of post war adjustment, Nevil wrote of the difficulty of giving up the excitement of war for the drab post war environment. His characters, like many young people who grew up in the war, struggle to find meaningful lives thereafter.
Theodore Honey, a metallurgist working for the Royal Aircraft Establishment, develops a theory on metal fatigue. He predicts that the tail of a new plane, the Reindeer, will develop metal fatigue and fall off after a set number of hours. He is sent to Newfoundland to investigate the mysterious crash of a Reindeer and find the lost tail section in order to prove his theory. On his trip he befriends a young stewardess and an aging movie actress, and then finds that he is flying on a Reindeer!
Jean Paget, captured during WWII and marched around Malaya by her Japanese captors, befriends an Australian truckdriver, also a POW. The truckdriver, Joe, is crucified by the Japanese when he steals chickens for Jean and her companions. She is marched away from the scene, convinced that Joe has died for her.
After the war, she receives a cash legacy and travels back to Malaya to give a thank offering to the village women who helped and befriended her there. Learning that Joe is still alive, she continues on to Australia, is reunited with Joe, and procedes to turn a miserable outback town into a thriving Town Like Alice (Alice Springs).
Tom Cutter, the narrator, assembles a collection of cargo planes to move goods all over the Middle East and Asia. He comes to realize one of his chief mechanics, Connie Shaklin, is starting a religious movement among his mechanics based on the love that goes into good work.
Jennifer Morton comes to Australia from England to visit an aunt and uncle on their wool station (sheep ranch). She meets Karl, a Czech refugee and former doctor now working as a lumberjack. They fall in love, but the path of love does not go smoothly. Jennifer must return to England, and Karl must find a way to finance his medical recertification, and to join Jennifer in England.
Stevie, an ex-pilot, ex-ringer, drunk and drug addict lies dying in a remote hut in the Australian outback in the wet season. His passing is winessed by a an old Episcopal priest. As he lays dying, he dreams of his future incarnation as a pilot in the Queens Flight. The priest shares his dream, and wonders if a corner of the veil has not been lifted for him.
The Autobiography of Nevil Shute covers his childhood when his father was head of the Irish Post office, his education, his job as an engineer on the R 100 airship project, and the aircraft company he subsequently formed. It focuses primarily on the competition between the Royal Aircraft Establishment and a private company where Shute worked on R-100.
One of Shute's darkest books; Alan Duncan had flown in the R.A.F., and returns to his ancestral home on an Australian sheep ranch, wounded and disillusioned by his experiences. There he must confront a mystery: why Jessie Proctor, a housekeeper on the station, took her life days before his return. He finds her diaries, reads them, and gradually discovers her secret sadness.
A young geologist from Oregon, Stanton Laird, meets Molly Regan, an Australian girl, during a hunt for oil on her father's million-acre sheep station. Molly leaves Australia and goes to America to get to know Stanton better.
Shute's best-known novel. The story of how people in Australia react to their approaching death from radioactive clouds caused by a nuclear war. Captain Dwight Towers, the commander of an American nuclear submarine, arrives in Australia with his crew, the last survivors from the northern hemisphere. He and Moira, an Australian beauty, share their last days together in a chaste relationship, as Dwight remains true to his wife who died in the early days of the war.
Johnnie Pascoe, a seasoned pilot, crash-lands on the Tasmanian coast. Ronnie Clarke, a man Pascoe taught to fly, attempts to fly in a doctor through rough weather to help the critically injured Pascoe. Later, Clarke has a series of strange dreams which recount Pascoe's life from his earliest days as a pilot, through his loves and career, and on to his present problem.
Keith Stewart designs and makes miniature working models and earns a very modest living writing about them in a model makers' magazine. He must drop everything when his niece's parents are lost at sea, and travel across the world to a Pacific atoll in order to fullfill his duties as trustee. He has little money, and must trust to fate for success in his quest.


text:
extern zend_class_entry *stub_range_ce;

ZEPHIR_INIT_CLASS(Stub_Range);

PHP_METHOD(Stub_Range, inclusive1);
PHP_METHOD(Stub_Range, exclusive1);

ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_stub_range_inclusive1, 0, 0, 0)
ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()

ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_stub_range_exclusive1, 0, 0, 0)
ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()

ZEPHIR_INIT_FUNCS(stub_range_method_entry) {
#if PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80000
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#else
	PHP_ME(Stub_Range, inclusive1, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
#endif
#if PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80000
	PHP_ME(Stub_Range, exclusive1, arginfo_stub_range_exclusive1, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
#else
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Honorary Appointment, Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Applied Medicine
Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Applied Medicine
Honorary Appointment, Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Health Services Research Unit
The pale evidence for treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia in older people
Soiza, R. L., Donaldson, A. I. C. & Myint, P. K., 1 Jun 2018, In : Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. 9, 6, p. 259-261 3 p.
The SENATOR project: developing and trialling a novel software engine to optimize medications and nonpharmacological therapy in older people with multimorbidity and polypharmacy
Soiza, R. L., Subbarayan, S., Antonio, C., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Petrovic, M., Gudmundsson, A. & O'Mahony, D., 1 Mar 2017, In : Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. 8, 3, p. 81-85 5 p.
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QUEBEC CITY — The French-Canadian student accused of killing six people during evening prayers in a Quebec City mosque had rented an apartment nearby, suggesting he may have been targeting the house of worship, local media reported on Tuesday.
Alexandre Bissonnette, 27, who said he was a fan of US President Donald Trump and far-right French politician Marine Le Pen, had recently moved into an apartment near the mosque with his twin brother, an unnamed neighbour of their parents told the Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
Bissonnette, the sole suspect in Sunday night's shooting, was charged on Monday with six counts of first-degree murder and five counts of attempted murder with a restricted weapon. Police said he acted alone.
Police declined to discuss a motive for the shooting at the Centre Culturel Islamique de Québec, but friends and online acquaintances told Canadian media he expressed anti-immigration sentiments, especially towards Muslim refugees.
A social science student and former cadet known in online circles for his right-wing views, Bissonnette was described by a former classmate as a "nerdy outcast".
Bissonnette did not hide his hostility towards Muslims during his long interrogation by police, Montreal's La Presse newspaper quoted a source close to the investigation. He was also interested in guns, and practiced shooting at a local club near the provincial capital, La Presse reported.
The slightly built Bissonnette made a brief appearance in court on Monday under tight security, wearing white prison clothes and looking downcast.
Prosecutors said all of the evidence was not yet ready, and Bissonnette, a student at Université Laval, was set to appear again on February 21. No charges were read in court and Bissonnette did not enter a plea.
Bissonnette's lawyer, Jean Petit, declined to comment at the courthouse on Monday.
On his Facebook page, he indicated he liked Le Pen, Trump, the separatist Parti Quebecois as well as Canada's left-wing New Democratic Party, the Israeli Defence Forces, heavy metal band Megadeth and pop star Katy Perry.


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Malignant mesothelioma incidence by nation-wide cancer registry: a population-based study
Kristinn Tomasson1,
Gunnar Gudmundsson2,3,
Haraldur Briem4 &
Vilhjalmur Rafnsson5
458 Altmetric
Malignant mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure has a long latency period. A ban on asbestos use may not be apparent in decreased incidence in the population until after several decades. The aim was to evaluate changes in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma, and the possible impact of the asbestos ban implemented in Iceland in 1983.
This is a population study on aggregate level; the source of data was the Icelandic Cancer Registry, the National Cause-of-Death Registry, and the National Register. Volume of asbestos import was obtained from Customs Tariff. The import figures reflect fairly accurately the amount used, as there are no mines in the country.
Asbestos import peaked in 1980 at 15.0 kg/capita/year, diminishing to 0.3 kg/capita/year ten years after the ban in 1983, and to zero in the most recent years. Seventy-nine per cent of the cases of malignant mesothelioma were men, and 72 % were of pleural origin. Mesothelioma incidence increased steadily from 1965 to 2014, when it reached 21.4 per million among men, and 5.6 among women. Mortality in 2014 was 22.2 per million among men, and 4.8 among women.
Malignant mesothelioma incidence and mortality increased in the population during the period, despite the ban on asbestos use from 1983. This is in agreement with the long latency time for malignant mesothelioma. In line with the previously high per capita volume of asbestos import, many buildings, equipment, and structures contain asbestos, so there is an on-going risk of asbestos exposure during maintenance, renovations and replacements. It is thus difficult to predict when the incidence of malignant mesothelioma will decrease in the future. During the last ten-year period, the incidence in Iceland was higher than the recently reported incidence in neighbouring countries.
Malignant mesothelioma is a cancer of mesothelial serosa; its primary location is pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis. Since the association between malignant mesothelioma and asbestos exposure was first described by Wagner and co-workers in 1960 [1], it has been established and recognized that asbestos is the dominant cause of malignant mesothelioma, according to studies from several national mesothelioma registries [2–5]. Today, all types of asbestos, chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite are considered causes of human malignant mesothelioma according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) report [6] where epidemiological, experimental, and mechanistic studies have been evaluated. Chrysotile asbestos was the last type to be definitively included as a cause of malignant mesothelioma [7–9]. The time from first exposure to asbestos until diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma is called the induction/latency time. This period can be from 20 to 50 years [10–12], with a shorter latency in the heavily exposed population and longer latency among groups with low-level exposure. In the case of crocidolite exposed cohort the risk of malignant mesothelioma increases from 10–15 years following first exposure and persists for as long as the exposed persons survive, however stops increasing after 30–40 years [13]. The long latency period poses difficulties in occupational studies; however the risk of malignant mesothelioma caused by asbestos is dose-dependent [4, 14, 15], and malignant mesothelioma occurs at very low-level exposure, indeed lower than the eight-hour occupational threshold limit value generally established at 0.1 fibre/ml air, and no safe dose has been found, below which there is no risk of malignant mesothelioma [16].
In addition to asbestos exposure, other casual associations with malignant mesothelioma include radiation treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [17, 18]. Malignant mesothelioma has also been found as a second cancer among testis and prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy [19, 20]. At one time, the Simian Virus 40 was thought to play a role in the aetiology of malignant mesothelioma; however, according to IARC, there is inadequate evidence to consider Simian Virus 40 a carcinogen to humans [21]. Erionite is a fibrous mineral belonging to a group of minerals called zeolite and fluoro-edenite another type of fibrous mineral have been associated with malignant mesothelioma in specific areas in Turkey, Mexico and Sicily [22–25]. Erionite is classified as a human carcinogen according to IARC [6], and is widely prevalent in the US [26] and in Iceland [27].
Mortality information on mesothelioma is compiled internationally in the WHO database [28]. Information on the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is commonly obtained from special national malignant mesothelioma registers [2–5], or the cancer registry, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) [29]. Where cancer registries and special occupational disease registries can be compared on the national level, the cancer registries show numerical superiority compared with the occupational disease registries, as reported in studies from some Scandinavian countries [30–33]. The setting in Iceland, where the cancer registry was established in 1955 [34], and where there is access to comprehensive population registries as well as general use of a personal identifier, provides an opportunity to study malignant mesothelioma incidence.
The aim of the study was to describe the long-term changes in incidence of malignant mesothelioma up to 2014, and to evaluate the possible impact of the asbestos ban implemented in 1983.
This is a population-based observational study and the source of data was the Icelandic Cancer Registry. The registry is nation-wide and includes all cases of cancer since 1955 [34]. The registry has virtually complete coverage, and over 95 % of diagnoses are histologically confirmed [34, 35]. We asked for information from the registry on all cases of cancer with ICD-10 code C45 mesothelioma (the accurate location was read from the decimal figure, pleura, peritoneum, and other and unspecified sites), and ICD-O codes 9050, 9051, 9052, and 9053, mesothelioma, with the behaviour code /3, malignant, primary site. Different versions of the ICD were in use during the operation of the registry, and they were standardized by the registry to ICD-10. Besides the information on the location and morphology of the cases, we obtained information on encrypted personal identification number, gender, age, year and age at diagnosis. The registry does not routinely collect information on occupational or environmental exposure, or survival of the reported cancer cases.
Statistics Iceland maintains the National Cause-of-Death Registry [36]. The registry is nation-wide and includes causes of death according to death certificates. The ICD-10 code C45 was available for 1996–2014.
Three broad categories of exposure to asbestos have been described. The first is for miners and millers of raw asbestos and people employed by manufacturers of asbestos products, such as asbestos cement factories, often associated with heavy exposure. The second category is for workers such as carpenters, plumbers, shipbuilders, machine engineers, and insulators who use asbestos products, and other less-exposed occupations such as seamen, fishermen, and various factory workers. The third category is for groups and individuals with short-term or low-level exposure to asbestos, often non-occupational, including family members of asbestos workers, people living near an asbestos industry, and those dwelling or working in buildings containing asbestos. Asbestos production or mining activities have never occurred in Iceland, so the asbestos exposure in question would be of the second category, involving, for example, the building industry, fishing, and geothermal industry, and of the third category.
Information on the volume of annual import of asbestos and goods containing asbestos was obtained from Statistics Iceland [36], according to Customs Tariff, the Directorate of Customs [37], codes under 2524, 6811, 6812, 6813, and 8708 with mention of asbestos, and corresponding codes from older versions of the Customs Tariffs. The amount of asbestos in the Customs Tariff was declared in metric tons and types of asbestos were not indicated.
To estimate the incidence rates for malignant mesothelioma, the numerator used was the number of cases during ten-year periods 1965–1974, 1975–1984, 1985–1994, 1995–2004, and 2005–2014, with the corresponding population figures of those 15 years of age or older [38] obtained from Statistics Iceland [36]. The ten-year rates were compared with the rate in the first period 1965–1974, calculating relative risk (RR), and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Similarly, the mortality rates were estimated in eight- and ten-year periods 1996–2004, and 2005–2014.
The incidence rates, 95 % CI of the rates, and statistical analyses were performed using the software packet Epi-Info, and Microsoft Excel 7.
The National Bioethics Committee (VSNb201015040006/03.03) approved the study, and the Data Protection Commission was notified of the study and did not make remarks on the way it was conducted.
Information on the annual import of asbestos was available for the period 1976 to 2014, and is shown in Fig. 1. Import volume peaked in the year 1980 at 3500 tons, corresponding to 1500 tons per 100,000 inhabitants, or 15.0 kg/capita/year of asbestos. This huge import coincided with extensive construction of district heating systems, where the main feeding pipes consisted of asbestos cement pipes, and geothermal hot water was piped 20 to 50 km into houses of communities with greater than 10,000 inhabitants. The ban against asbestos use with certain exceptions was implemented in 1983, and that year, import volume decreased considerably, to increase again over a five-year period, and peaking again in 1992 with 800 tons, corresponding to 299 tons per 100,000, or 0.3 kg/capita/year of asbestos. We do not have an explanation for this temporary increase in asbestos import; however, it is clear that this volume involves asbestos cement used in building materials and pipes, or similar articles, as friction material in brake linings and clutches, and fabricated asbestos fibres seldom exceeded 20–30 tons per year in the early period, and did not ever reach an annual volume of one ton during the last ten years of the period.
Annual weight of import in metric tons by tariff numbers with mention of asbestos
In table 1, the number of cases of malignant mesothelioma, ten-year annual incidence rates and 95 % confidence intervals, are shown for men and women. Among men, the rates increase steadily through this 50 -year period; however, the changes over the period are not straightforward for women, where the rates are low, and no cases occur in the period 1975–1984.
Table 1 Number of malignant mesothelioma cases in ten years periods by gender, annual incidence per million, and 95 % confidence interval (CI)
Table 2 shows age distribution of malignant mesothelioma cases by gender, with the highest number in the age group 70 to 79. In table 3, location and histological diagnosis are shown by gender. In ninety-seven per cent of cases among men, the mesothelioma is located in the pleura, but among women, 56 % is pleura and 44 % is located in peritoneum. Malignant mesothelioma NOS (M-9050/3) is the dominant histological type for both genders.
Table 2 Number of malignant mesothelioma cases and deaths by age categories, and gender
Table 3 Number of malignant mesothelioma by sites, gender, and morphology
In table 4, the number of deaths due to malignant mesothelioma according to death certificates, and annual mortality rates is shown by gender. The period available for mortality was 18 years, and no obvious increase over this short observational period and limited volume of data is noted. However, the rates and the RR were high.
Table 4 Number of malignant mesothelioma deaths in eight and ten years periods, annual mortality per million per ≥ 15 years (yr), with 95 % confidence interval (CI), and relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) during 1996 to 2014, among men and women, first period is the reference
Table 5 shows again the number of cases per ten-year periods through 1965 to 2014, and the relative risk, where the first ten-year period, 1965–1974 is the reference. Among men, the relative risk increases over the years, and the trend is statistically significant. The pattern is not so clear among women; however the relative risks increase over the years, but the trend is not statistically significant.
Table 5 Number of incident cases of malignant mesothelioma in ten years periods, and relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) during 1965 to 2014 among men and women, first period is the reference
There is still a rising incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Iceland, particularly among men. The increase may be real; however, it may also be partly a reflection of improvement in the diagnoses, and greater watchfulness for the cancer. The ban on asbestos use in 1983 may not have been as influential in Iceland as in neighbouring countries [39]. No case of malignant mesothelioma has ever been reported as an occupational disease in Iceland, so such registration of cases is even less effective than in the other Scandinavian countries [30–33]. The observed incidence of malignant mesothelioma in the last ten-year period is high and consistent with the high incidence rate reported by countries in the global overview. Only Australia, Great Britain, Belgium and the Netherlands had higher rates [12]. This is noteworthy, as there are no asbestos mines and there never has been any asbestos production industry in Iceland. However, the import figures are astonishingly high in relation to the population. In a report on disease burden due to asbestos in European countries, the age-adjusted mortality rate of malignant mesothelioma was highest in Iceland, 25 per million people [40]. That figure is not much higher than the rate 22.2 found in the present study, in spite of some differences in methodologies used to calculate the rates.
In the past the volume of the asbestos import was among the highest per capita in a European study [40], and this was confirmed in the present study. The description of the import of asbestos in the present study shows the same pattern as has been observed in previous studies on asbestos use, where a ban has been established; the national consumption of asbestos has diminished from high per capita use to an almost immeasurably small amount in the past few years [39, 40]. In these recent years, it is the friction material in brake linings and clutches that is still important [41]. However, other sources of asbestos exposure are related to home maintenance and renovation [42], and the maintenance of the asbestos-containing structure of the extensive hot water supply systems in Iceland. During the last 20 years, labour inspection, the Administration for Occupational Safety and Health [43], has been enforcing safe handling of asbestos in maintenance work. According to information from the cancer registry, no cluster of malignant mesothelioma has been identified at time of diagnosis in the areas with known erionite occurrence in the country.
Malignant mesothelioma is not the only cancer attributed to asbestos exposure. There is sufficient evidence that asbestos exposure causes lung, larynx and ovarian cancer, and limited evidence that it causes colorectal, pharynx and stomach cancers [6]. Lung cancer is the most important and is generally more frequent than malignant mesothelioma in asbestos-exposed cohort studies. However, lung cancer caused by asbestos is under-recognized and often confounded by cigarette smoking [44]. Because of the firm association between asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma, its incidence or mortality has been taken as an indicator of asbestos exposure in the population. In a recent study of McCormack and co-workers, malignant mesothelioma mortality was used to estimate asbestos-related lung cancer in different populations [45], and smoking habits were taken into account. In the two models used in that study to estimate asbestos-related lung cancer mortality, the proportion of lung cancers that are a consequence of asbestos exposure ranged between 6.6 to 9.3 % in Iceland [45].
The use of the National Register for the source of denominator strengthens the study. Personal identification numbers, which we had access to in encrypted form, are used in the comprehensive population registers in Iceland, and they ensure that we did not double count cases or dead persons. The National Cause-of-Death Registry, the source of information of number of deaths from malignant mesothelioma, has been reported as good in the global evaluation, and was categorized as high quality overall and ranked in the same category as data from 23 developed countries, including the US and the UK [46]. The autopsy rate is about 14 % of all deaths during the study period [36].
The figures from the two sources of information concerning number of incident cases, and number of deaths due to malignant mesothelioma per calendar year or age categories are not in agreement in the present study. This is partly because there is a natural lag between the diagnosis and the death, further more an autopsy study has revealed that about 45 % of male cases of mesothelioma may remain undiagnosed [47], while still another Italian study has shown that the overall concordance between histo-pathological diagnosis and death certification was about 75 % [48].
To the strength of the study we count the use of the Icelandic Cancer Registry for the source of malignant mesothelioma incidence, in which more than 95 % of the diagnoses in the registry are histologically verified [34, 35], and in the present study all cases were with morphological diagnosis.
The relatively high proportion of peritoneal mesotheliomas among females may raise concern of diagnostic error, and as the cases were not histologically reviewed by an expert pathologist for the purpose of this study, we count this as a limitation of the study.
The study material originates from the comprehensive population registries in Iceland, which are considered to be of high quality; however these are from one country only, which may limit the generalizability of the results. The characteristics of the background population are known and the population is homogenous, being 99 % white Caucasian, with uniform financing of the health care system, also of high quality. The country belongs to the developed countries [45]; however, it differs from other European countries in that heavy industry has expanded during the study period, with aluminium and ferrosilicon plants having been set up to harvest abundant electric power resources.
The incidence rates of malignant mesothelioma seem to be increasing in Iceland, which indicates that there is no reduction yet of the influence of previous asbestos exposure on the population, despite the ban, first implemented in 1983, in an attempt to diminish the use of asbestos. The previous per capita asbestos import rate was among the highest in Europe. The findings of the high incidence and mortality of malignant mesothelioma is in agreement with the long latency for malignant mesothelioma. The incidence during the last ten-year period in the present study is higher than the recently reported incidence in neighbouring Scandinavian countries.
CI, confidence intervals; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th version; ICD-O, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition; RR, relative risk; SEER, Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States
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We thank the Icelandic Cancer Registry for providing data on the cases of malignant mesothelioma and histology.
This study has no external funding.
According to the permissions of the National Bioethics Committee, the data are both ethically and legally restricted. Other researchers who would like to use the data need to apply for permission to: The National Bioethics Committee (vsn@vsn.is), and the Icelandic Cancer Registry (skra@krabb.is).
KT, GG, HB, and VR actively participated in design the study, and planning of analyses. VR obtained the data, performed the statistical analyses and drafted the manuscript. All authors had full access to all of the data in the study, critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content; approved the final version of the submitted manuscript. VR is the guarantor. The manuscript's guarantor affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted.
The National Bioethics Committee (VSNb201015040006/03.03) approved the study, and the Data Protection Commission was notified of the study and did not make remark on the way it was planned There is no data to share according to the approval from the National Bioethics Committee.
Department of Occupational Medicine, Administration of Occupational Safety and Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
Kristinn Tomasson
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Gunnar Gudmundsson
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Fossvogur, 108, Reykjavik, Iceland
Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Control, Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
Haraldur Briem
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Iceland, Stapi/ Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
Correspondence to Vilhjalmur Rafnsson.
Tomasson, K., Gudmundsson, G., Briem, H. et al. Malignant mesothelioma incidence by nation-wide cancer registry: a population-based study. J Occup Med Toxicol 11, 37 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-016-0127-4
Incidence rates
Death registry
Asbestos import


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NBC (ended 1977)
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Ol' Brown Eyes
Party Chaser, The
Fred has been neglecting Donna and she decides to investigate and soon discovers Fred has been leading a secret life, not even telling Lamont what has been going on. Donna is convinced that he is seeing another woman but they soon discover Fred is really going to night school to earn his GED diploma, which he never got since he dropped out of high school to support his parents.moreless
Fred Sings the Blues
Lamont treats Fred to a dinner and a concert given by B.B. King. After the show, Fred wants to try to sell his songs to B.B., but fails, however, B.B. offers him a book about his life and why he sings the blues. This leads to an invitation for dinner at the Sanfords. While reading the book Fred panics when he reads the reason why B.B. sings the blues. He explains to Lamont that B.B. lost his girl in St. Louis to a guy who wanted to start a business in California. The girl's initials were EW (for Elizabeth Winfield).moreless
Funny, You Don't Look It
Fred is tired of everyone walking all over him especially since he proclaims that he built his junk empire to what it is today, thus making him a king of an empire. Bubba suggests that Fred pay money to an agency to have them trace his roots. A couple weeks later Fred is in for a shock, he is a descendant from Jewish African kings.moreless
The Lucky Streak
In order to keep The Sanford Arms, Fred and Lamont must raise $4,000 in a week. They begin to scramble and Fred turns to gambling. First he puts together a card game and plays against a hustler and then he makes a little trip to the horse track and bets on the horses. Finally, a trip to a casino ends with unexpected results.moreless
Fred the Activist
Fred wants a new stereo and tries to buy one on credit at a local electronics store. He soon discovers that they don't give credit to people over 60. This prompts him to take some action and befriends a rights group, The Gray Foxes and they begin picketing the store until they decide to change their policies.moreless
Aunt Esther and Woody stop by for a visit and as usual, Fred insults Esther and she responds by promptly hitting Fred in the head with her purse. Apparently the blow to his head is so strong that it knocks him out and when he wakes up begins having memory lapses. This prompts him to make up his will and holds a will reading in the living room.moreless
The Reverend Sanford
Trying to avoid paying property taxes, Fred registers to become a clergyman for the Divine Profit Church. He appoints Bubba as secretary and Woody as treasurer. However, when the Bishop stops by for a visit, Fred quickly realizes he's put his business in jeopardy thanks to some fine lines in the contact he signed.moreless
When John Comes Marching Home
Lamont and his fiancee, Janet are just one step away from the alter. However, a kink is put into their plans when after her wedding shower, her ex-husband John shows up. Meanwhile, Lamont has been having pre-wedding jitters and this just adds to them and Janet finds herself dealing with old feelings she thought had died long ago.moreless
A Matter of Silence
The Sanford residence is in chaos and it is all due to Fred's sudden loss of hearing. Lamont is convinced Fred has a problem, but Fred denies it but Lamont takes him to a doctor just the same. However, after the doctor removes the wax build up, Fred decides to stay "deaf" just a little bit longer in an attempt to hold Donna's attention.moreless
Chinese Torture (a.k.a.) The Defiant One
Esther has stopped by the Sanford residence to talk Fred into singing for a talent show. Grady is all set to be in the show with a magic act and for his most daring trick ever, he handcuffs Fred and Esther together. The only problem is that he can't understand how to get the two out of this dilemma because the directions for escaping the trick are written in Chinese.moreless
Fred Meets Redd
The tax season has come and Fred and Lamont have been going through their inventory to prepare their tax papers. However, Fred gets preoccupied when he discovers Redd Foxx is in town holding a look-alike contest and Fred is certain he will win the contest and the $100 that comes along with it.moreless
Sanford and Gong
Lamont runs into Chuck Barris in a parking lot and he generously gives Lamont four tickets to a taping of The Gong Show, which happens to be Fred's favorite game show. Fred decides to try to be a contestant and sets up an act with his brother-in-law, Rodney and Lamont. However, at the last minute, Rodney hurts his back and can't be in the act.moreless
Aunt Esther Meets Her Son
The day has come for Aunt Esther and Woody to meet their son but they are in for a shock when he helps himself to their cash register. Later, Esther is in for an even bigger shock when he announces that he doesn't believe in God. Esther promptly kicks him out and he takes refuge at the Sanford residence.moreless
Here Today, Gone Today
Lamont and Esther decide to get the furniture re-upholstered as a surprise present for Fred. In order to get it done, they have to convince him the furniture was stolen. However, when Fred takes it upon himself to report it to the insurance company, he ends up with brand new furniture and Lamont is speechless.moreless
Aunt Esther Has a Baby
Aunt Esther and Woody have decided to have a baby and set up an appointment with an adoption agency to adopt an older child. However, on the day of a preliminary interview, Woody, so nervous about the prospects of being a father, gets drunk, threatening their chances for an adoption. A heartbroken Esther turns to Fred for help.moreless
Fred gets a letter in the mail from someone named Carol who claims that Fred knew her 40 years ago and that she's coming for a visit. However, Fred doesn't recall knowing any Carols and is in for a shock when Carol turns out to be a man. Another shock, Carol claims that he and Fred robbed a bank years ago.moreless
Fred's Extra Job
Lamont threatens once again to leave the junk business on account that they aren't making much money. However, he also wants to quit and get a full-time job due to his impending nuptials. Fred then hatches a scheme by borrowing money from the bank and pretending that business is picking up big time, while secretly working as a waiter at a restaurant down town.moreless
Committee Man
Fred has been chosen to represent the Watt's businessmen on a community relatives committee and his first official decision is to allow the public library to be open an hour longer. However, his next decision doesn't seem to be so easy to decide after a crooked businessman tries to bribe Fred with $1000 to vote for a building expansion.moreless
The Winning Ticket
Fred becomes a victim of a con game when, two men convince him to begin a bogus special "Sanford & Son" sales promotion, in which the lucky winner wins $500. However, Fred has no intention of handing out that much bread but unknown to Fred, the con men have rigged the game so they end up being the lucky winners and Fred will have to pay them the money after all.moreless
I Dream of Choo Choo Rabinowitz
Lamont's mother-in-law to be is coming to Watts for a visit and Fred is a little concerned about what she's going to think of a common junk man. This leads Fred to decide to create a legacy and tries to set a world's record and get his name in the Guinness Book of World Records. His goal is to be the person to stay awake the longest.moreless
The Stakeout
Fred becomes smitten with a woman, Miss Wallace who comes to the Sanford residence looking for a place to stay at the Sanford Arms. Meanwhile, a thief has been spotted in the neighborhood and to get the reward money, Fred lets the cops set up a stakeout in his home. However, Fred is in for a shock since the thief has been in disguise as Miss Wallace.moreless
California Crude
Fred and Lamont have been busy planting a small garden in their yard when suddenly a professor stumbles in and suggests that they may be sitting on some oil. Later, Fred plants his scarecrow in the garden and actually strikes some oil. This leads to Fred and Lamont to ponder the fact that they may soon be millionaires.moreless
The Hawaiian Connection (3)
During a mishap at the airport Fred accidentally misplaces the suitcase with the diamonds and the crooks start chasing Lamont and him all over Hawaii, trying to get them back. Meanwhile, the cops close on in, but not before guns are drawn on Fred and Lamont as the crooks trap them on a boat.moreless
The diamond thieves continue their plot to have Fred smuggle the stolen diamonds into the United States. Freddy Wells sneaks into Fred's hotel room and plants the diamonds in his suitcase. Later, Lamont and Fred discover the diamonds and hesitate to call the police.
Three jewel thieves try and find a way to smuggle some expensive diamonds from Hawaii to L.A. That is where Fred and Lamont come in. Fred goes to Hawaii to attend a Junkmen of America convention. The crooks then plan to sneak the jewels on Fred so that he can take them to L.A. without knowing anything about it.moreless


What is the Oxford comma, anyway?
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Nobody Knows Anything – Love Your Work, Episode 286
August 25 2022 – 07:30am
In 1977, Richard Bachman published his first novel. In an unusual move for a first-time author, Bachman made his publisher promise to release his books with hardly any marketing.
Bachman stacked the dice against himself
Bachman's books were to skip the hardcover format and go straight to bargain-bin paperback – the kind you'd find mixed in with other nobody-authors, at a truck stop on I-80, somewhere near Grand Island. He also insisted he was unavailable for interviews, which cut his books off from a key marketing channel. Most publishers wouldn't agree to such bizarre terms, but they were especially excited to release Bachman's books.
But he still did pretty well
Today, forty-five years later, most people have unsurprisingly never heard of Richard Bachman. His books did alright, though: His fourth was optioned for film rights, his fifth sold 28,000 copies, and he got a couple letters a month from fans of his writing.
Bachman wasn't Bachman
But his books were so good, one Washington D.C. bookstore clerk was suspicious. Steve Brown dug through the Library of Congress copyright records, and confirmed his suspicion: Richard Bachman was Stephen King.
Why did one of the world's hottest authors publish – in the same genre – under a pen name? At the time, King's publisher had an almost-superstitious belief that if they published more than one of his books in a year, they would distract readers from This Year's Book (that they let King publish Bachman books with so little fanfare speaks to their conviction in this belief). King later described it as like being married to someone with a drastically-smaller sexual appetite: He had to find an outlet somewhere else.
"Either find an audience or disappear quietly"
While he was publishing under a pen name, he figured he'd conduct an experiment. He wondered, to what degree was his massive success due to luck? So, as he has said, Stephen King "stacked the dice" against Richard Bachman. He wanted Bachman's books "to go out there and either find an audience or just disappear quietly."
After word got out that Richard Bachman was Stephen King, his books sold even better. That book that sold 28,000 copies for Richard Bachman – Thinner – quickly sold ten times that as a King title.
Is seven years & five books long enough?
At first glance, King's Bachman experiment is an open-and-shut case: Bachman's books sold way more copies with Stephen King's name on their covers. But King himself feels his experiment got cut short. He said of Bachman, who he killed off in a press release by "cancer of the pseudonym," "He died with that question – is it work that takes you to the top or is it all just a lottery? – still unanswered." Bachman worked in anonymity for seven years, and released five books – how is that not enough?
Even the pros don't know
William Goldman was a two-time Academy-Award-Winning screenwriter. He wrote the screenplays for Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, The Princess Bride, and Misery (which was supposed to be Richard Bachman's sixth book, but instead was released by Stephen King). In Goldman's book, Adventures in the Screen Trade, he pointed out that in one typical movie season, sixteen major films were released by the major studios. One was a runaway success, and ten of those sixteen lost more than ten million dollars.
Why did those studios bother making the stinkers? Because, as Goldman said:
Nobody knows anything…… Not one person in the entire motion picture field knows for a certainty what's going to work. Every time out it's a guess and, if you're lucky, an educated one.
Nobody knowing anything takes the appeal out of King's Bachman story. It sounded like the perfect story for aspiring creatives to point to and say, "Look, the universe is conspiring against me. If you don't have a big name already, you're screwed."
Nothing guarantees creative success
But really, nothing can guarantee success. You could say you have to have connections, and I could point out that Richard Pryor's son played at the Apollo, and got booed off the stage. You could say you need name recognition, and I could tell you that the 28,000 copies Bachman's fifth book sold was four-thousand more than Stephen King's own fourth book sold. You could say all you need is your big break, and I could remind you that Steve Martin was on The Tonight Show – the big break in the comedy business at the time – sixteen times before someone recognized him in public.
Nobody knows anything. If movie studios knew blockbusters, that's all they'd make. If record companies knew hits, that's all they'd release. If publishers knew bestsellers, that's all they'd launch. And if venture capitalists knew "unicorns," they'd just be called capitalists.
Quality can't hide
Nobody knows anything, but somebody knows something. As Goldman himself said, you can make an educated guess. I bet he'd agree that a ninety-minute cellphone video of a ham sandwich sitting on a plate is unlikely to fill theaters.
There was another author, named Robert Galbraith, whose debut novel didn't do great. It sold 1,500 copies in the first few months – not bad either. But there was something fishy about Galbraith's work. A journalist tweeted that she had enjoyed Galbraith's book, but it seemed way too well-written to be the debut novel of who was supposedly a retired military officer.
An anonymous account tipped this journalist, saying That's because it's not a debut novel: Robert Galbraith is actually a really well-known author's pseudonym. That led to a computer linguistic analysis and the London Times confronted the alleged author. J. K. Rowling admitted that she was Robert Galbraith, then The Cuckoo's Calling, a crime novel, proceeded to sell like hotcakes. So, of course Rowling's name recognition helped the book sell, but try as she could to hide her identity, she couldn't hide her quality. Her writing was, to paraphrase Steve Martin, so good it couldn't be ignored.
Stephen King got to enjoy the anonymity of his pen name for seven years. Rowling hers about three months. Maybe there's some others out there who never got caught, but it seems social media and computer linguistic analysis has shortened the life of pen names. But King and Rowling both had the same problem: You can't hide quality, and you can't hide voice. From the beginning, King got letters asking him if he was Richard Bachman.
Bachman had the extra challenge that he wasn't merely copying the style of an author already dominating a genre – he literally was that author. Sometimes a copycat does better than the original, because they can't help but be different as they try to copy. For example, Kurt Cobain said he was trying to rip off the Pixies when he wrote Smells Like Teen Sprit. An exact copy doesn't have much chance, because the original already punctured the exact same vacuum.
You can't know anything, so know your work
Jerry Seinfeld likes to tell beginning comedians they'll never make it. Because if they hear that from a comedy legend and still do comedy, he figures, they might have a chance. Maybe it's not satisfying that nobody knows anything. It kind of makes you want to throw your hands up and say, What's the use?! But maybe that's a good thing. If you can know that nobody knows anything, and still be dedicated to your craft, maybe you have a shot.


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2018-19 Humility and Conviction in Public Life Residential Fellows
2018-2019 Non-Residential Fellows
2017-18 HCPL Residential Fellows
2017-18 ICD Fellows
2017-18 HCPL Non-Residential Fellows
2016-17 UConn Faculty HCPL fellows
Richard Frieder
"Employing Dialogue and Deliberation to Foster Humility and Achieve Community Driven Change in Hartford"
Richard Frieder is a community engagement consultant working with Community Capacity Builders in Hartford, Connecticut, and is a senior associate with Everyday Democracy. He served as community-engagement director for Hartford Public Library (HPL) from 2001-2016, where he conceived of and built the Center for Civic Engagement, which won two national Innovators Awards from the Urban Libraries Council (2010 and 2013). He also led HPL's participation in Libraries Transforming Communities, an initiative of the American Library Association and the Harwood Institute for Public Innovation. Frieder has recently been leading community dialogues in partnership with Hartford residents, the Hartford Police Department, and Hartford's Faith Based Initiative focusing on community violence and strengthening community-police relations. He co-founded and is a leader of the Hartford Decide$ participatory budgeting initiative, the first of its kind in Connecticut, and was a founder of and co- leader the Hartford Votes~Hartford Vota Coalition, a partnership of 14 organizations devoted to increasing voter engagement. He is also an active board member of Hartford 2000, the umbrella organization for Hartford's fourteen Neighborhood Revitalization Zones. Frieder holds a master's degree in library and information science from the University of Chicago.
During his Fall 2018 residential fellowship he will design a pilot plan to employ dialogue and deliberation to achieve community driven change in Hartford while promoting humility in public discourse.
William McMillan
"Mapping the Potential Limits of Epistemic Humility and Conviction within an Influential Evangelical Christian Tradition"
William McMillan works at the intersection of religion, culture, and politics. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from Yale University in May 2018. His dissertation, "Cosmopolitan Calvinists: Global Religion in A Secular Age," analyzed and examined a contemporary urban evangelical movement that is both theologically conservative and culturally flexible.
During his residential fellowship (FALL 2018) he will be leveraging his research to better understand the limitations and potentialities (constraints and enablements) of epistemic humility within evangelical Christianity more broadly conceived.
Maxime LePoutre
"Ignorance and Democratic Speech: Understanding the Challenge Ignorance Poses for Inclusive Deliberation"
Maxime LePoutre works at the intersection of political philosophy, philosophy of language, and social epistemology. His research investigates the relation between democracy and inclusion, with a special emphasis on the place of disorderly or uncivil speech in divided democracies. His work has appeared in Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Social Theory and Practice, and the Journal of Social Philosophy. He wrote his doctoral dissertation at the University of Cambridge, and is taking up a Postdoctoral Prize Research Fellowship (2018-2021) at Nuffield College, Oxford. You can find his academic webpage at: https://maximelepoutre.wordpress.com/.
During his residential fellowship (Spring 2019), Maxime will explore the theoretical nature of political ignorance and the problems it poses for democratic speech. In particular, he plans to examine how advances in philosophy of language and in social epistemology cast light on the 'rationality' of political ignorance, and on the 'stickiness' of ignorant public utterances. Doing so will advance the HCPL's mission by deepening our understanding of the linguistic and rational obstacles that prevent democratic public discourse from fostering knowledge.
Lani Watson
"Educating for good questioning as a form of intellectual humility"
Lani Watson works in epistemology and the philosophy of education. Her research draws on applied virtue, social, and political epistemology and the epistemology of education. She is interested in the practice of questioning, and the intellectual virtues of curiosity and inquisitiveness, and the role that these play in everyday life. In 2017, Watson completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Institute for the Study of Human Flourishing, at the University of Oklahoma, where she examined the practice of questioning in democratic processes and institutions, such as the media. In her position as a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow at the University of Edinburghshe is building on this research in order to develop and pilot a technological intervention designed to help students ask better questions.
During her residency, Watson will be examining the relationship between the practice of questioning and the virtue of intellectual humility. She will address three key questions pertinent to her research in education. Firstly, what is the relationship between questioning and intellectual humility? Secondly, what are the barriers to expressing intellectual humility through questioning? Thirdly, what can be done to reduce or remove the barriers to expressing intellectual humility through questioning? Watson will be collaborating with The Right Question Institute during her visit, as well as drawing on the expertise of members of the Humility and Conviction in Public Life project. You can find out more about Watson's research at her website: philosophyofquestions.com


Hundreds of people packed into Stafford town centre tonight to watch the annual Christmas lights switch-on.
The event was held in Market Square which featured a stage for live acts and a large Christmas tree.
A fireworks display kicked off proceedings around 5pm before the music began rolling.
There was a festive atmosphere, with the crowds enjoying the live music, funfair rides and stalls lining the town centre.
Among those in the crowds was Jane and Bill Chinnock, from Stafford, who attended with their daughter, son-in-law and grandchildren.
Jane, 68, said: "We come here every year, but this year is definitely better than last year. There is a great atmosphere."
Elsewhere hundreds of people flocked to Somers Square in Halesowen to see the festive decorations flicked into life.
The event saw a series of special guests attend.
X Factor and Celebrity Big Brother star Stevi Ritchie was the headline act, while army veteran David Watson, who won gold at the Invictus Games, was chosen to switch on the lights.
Crowds were also entertained with fire-breathers on the stage.
The show was hosted by Black Country Radio.