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Microsoft Azure Sentinel Cloud-Native Security Analytics Tool, Threat Experts Service Launched to Help Security Teams
Microsoft on Thursday launched its cloud-native solution called Azure Sentinel that is touted to provide enterprises with intelligent security analytics at cloud scale. The new development, which comes as an advanced Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) tool, uses artificial intelligence (AI) and scalable machine learning algorithms to analyse and detect threats alongside offering a significant reduction in alert fatigue. The Redmond company also brought Microsoft Threat Experts as a service to provide managed hunting over anonymised security data to enterprises and businesses using Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP). The new service is designed to help security teams easily hunt down and restrict human adversary intrusions and advanced attacks such as cyber-espionage.
Among the new enterprise-focused security offerings, Microsoft Azure Sentinel comes as a new SIEM tool to mitigate the risk of cyber attacks using AI. It also integrates data from Microsoft experts and third-party defenders and machine learning tools to provide security insights under one roof. Microsoft claims that early adopters have found that the Azure Sentinel tool "reduces threat hunting from hours to seconds."
A traditional SIEM system is designed to provide enterprises with real-time analysis of security alerts by collecting and aggregating log data from the application and network infrastructure. But since enterprises nowadays largely use cloud alongside their conventional technological deployments, a cloud-native solution like Azure Sentinel has become the need of the hour.
Microsoft says that using Azure at the backend, the new tool provides "limitless cloud scale and speed" to collect and analyse security data. It also supports open standards such as Common Event Format (CEF) and has broad partner connections, including Microsoft Intelligent Security Association partners such as Check Point, Cisco, F5, Fortinet, Palo Alto, and Symantec.
"Azure Sentinel blends the insights of Microsoft experts and AI with the unique insights and skills of your own in-house defenders and machine learning tools to uncover the most sophisticated attacks before they take root," explains Ann Johnson, Microsoft CVP, Cybersecurity Solutions Group, in a blog post.
Azure Sentinel is capable of analysing data from Office 365. This means enterprises can bring their Office 365 activity data to Azure Sentinel to detect security loopholes. Also, the new tool can be integrated with security solutions from various third-party vendors. There is also Microsoft Graph Security API support to let enterprises import their threat intelligence feeds and customise threat detection.
Microsoft claims that machine learning algorithms powering Azure Sentinel make it capable of offering up to 90 percent reduction in alert fatigue during evaluations. Furthermore, the tool provides graphical and AI-based investigation to make it efficient for security teams to understand the full scope of an attack and its impact.
Enterprise customers can get Microsoft Azure Sentinel in preview directly from the Azure portal.
In addition to the Azure Sentinel tool, Microsoft has brought the Threat Experts service that adds a human touch to the company's security offerings. The managed threat hunting service is a part of Windows Defender ATP and is designed to offer proactive hunting, prioritisation, and additional context and insights. It is essentially designed with two capabilities — targeted attack notifications and security experts on demand.
On the part of security experts on demand, Microsoft Threat Experts lets security operation centres (SOCs) connect with Microsoft's in-house security experts directly from within Windows Defender Security Centre. There is an "Ask a Threat Expert" button to let security teams submit their questions from the product console.
The preview of Microsoft Threat Experts is available for Windows Defender ATP customers directly from the Windows Defender Security Centre. Once applied for the preview, Microsoft will reach eligible customers via email to confirm their participation.
Google Testing Shoppable Ads in Image Search Results
Spotify Is Finally in India. Here Are 9 Things You Need to Know About the Music Streaming Service.
Twitter, as a community, has a tendency to lose its mind over just about anything—but this time, the reason really is quite mind-blowing. In a short Twitter exchange, Elon Musk pointed out that over 80% of the world's population owns a smartphone. Are these numbers really that high, and more importantly, has anyone ever expected this to happen? Elon's tweet … Continue reading
Acer's latest laptop is a spin on its TravelMate branding and it's built specifically with students in mind. The Acer TravelMate Spin B3 is a new convertible laptop and Acer says it features military-grade durability. That should make it strong enough to withstand any bumps and bruises it might pick up in a student's backpack or just from normal use. … Continue reading
How to use Apple AirPods features on your Android without rooting
Apple's AirPods are the most popular wireless earbuds on the market (via Apple). In fact, according to BusinessofApps, the company sold some 110 million in 2020 alone. One of the things that make AirPods so popular is the way they integrate with the rest of Apple's ecosystem — extending it, and adding additional features. For example, Siri integration is much … Continue reading


Point and Click your way through puzzles and save Droppy's Girlfriend! Use your mouse to click on objects and locations on the screen, solve puzzle to progress through the game in as few clicks as possible. Complete stages 1-10 to unlock the final stage!
Think you're good with checkers? Do you have the eye of a sniper? Then take on Hit Logic..


Last year Marin was hedging its bets with the Mount Vision, it was pitched as a lightweight trail bike/endurance racer but with the introduction of new 100mm Rift Zone the company has been able to shuffle the Mount Vision up the pecking order in terms of travel and intended use. It now gets an additional 20mm front and rear and like most contemporary trail bikes sports a tapered head tube, line guides for a dropper style seat post and a thru axle rear dropout.
The bike is closely related to the Whyte 146 we previewed in the October issue but the geometry is a little bit more conservative due to input from Marin USA. The Mountain Vision has a slightly steeper 67.5-degree head angle, but the same bottom bracket height and wheelbase as the 146. Marin says it has a more European feel to the layout than previous bikes and when compared to last year's model, the extra length in the wheelbase increases stability on descents and positions the rider in a more effective pedalling position for hammering the climbs.
Apart from the extra travel and geometry the key change to the chassis is the new Y-Link driving the rear shock. Eliminating one of the pivots/bearings and slimming down the stays has knocked around 15% off the weight of the frame and increased knee clearance but oddly Marin says it's also boosted lateral stiffness measured at the contact patch by 9%!
The tapered head tube sports a Zero Stack FSA Orbit Z headset, some folk call this semi-integrated but it still uses two (low profile) cups pressed into the frame. The reason is to increase the length of the head tube and weld area. Marin also says riders can fit an 'angled reducer headset,' such as a Dia-Compe Angle Set or FSA Orbit Option Nos 67, for further geometry tuning. And while this is also true of all frames with tapered head tubes, it's a bit of a none feature since you have to downgrade to a narrower 1-1/8th inch steerer and shell out £150 for the headset.
A more usable feature is the modular dropouts, which bolt to the frame using two Allen bolts. The bikes comes stock with standard 135mm QR dropouts but there are several options including SRAM Maxle and the new 12 x 145mm Shimano E-Thru with the extra locating tabs. The dropouts are pricey at £49.99 a set and you may have to lay out for a but the design offers future proofing and the stiffness benefits are significant.
Marin is fitting a mix of FSA and Easton parts and although the EA70 Monkey bar is a quality bit of kit it's a little narrow at 690mm because 710mm is the minimum requirement on any trail bike and I'd go as far to say 725mm will be the norm before long. Marin's problem was Easton didn't make a wider trail bar when this bike was specced a year ago, although I suspect something is planned for 2012.
The Formula R1-X disc brake is a hybrid using the standard RX one-piece calliper but with a R1 brake lever. The latter has a 'no tool' reach adjustment, a better lever shape and is a little bit lighter.
The Sun Ringlé Black Flag wheelset uses a tubeless ready rim and the WTB Wolverine TCS (tubeless compatible system) can easily be converted using a Stans No Tubes rim strip and some sealant. The Flags uses a 24mm wide rim and are actually spot on the claimed weight at 1725g. The front wheel is easily converted through the three axle sizes (9, 15 and 20mm) with some plug in end caps but I'd keep an eye on these because they fall out very easily.
To stay competitive Marin has cut back on the components but the new build, geometry and change of focus means you're not getting short changed. Whether it's a worthy invest remains to be seen but the Mount Vision is a proper 140mm trail bike in the same vein as a Orange 5 and Lapierre Zesty.


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Napoli - Nice - Betting Tip and Match Preview - 16/08/2017
Napoli welcomes Nice in a meeting of qualifying for the Champions League.
Last season the two teams took third place in their respective countries - Italy and France. During the summer shuttle window in Napoli, there were no big transfers and they kept their line up last year. With Nice, the situation is the same without big names in the summer except for Wesley Snyder.
In today's game, the hosts are on the class team and a great ardor for the victory. With players like Marek Hamsik, Diris Mertenz, Lorenzo Insieire and Jose Maria Caiechon, we have a prerequisite for a very successful match.
Nice was the pleasant surprise of last season. But in the 4 games, they have no win and the team has a lot of pressure. But we should not forget that they are very dangerous to the counter attack and will put pressure on the hosts.
Today my prediction - I really believe we are able to view here a big win for Napoli and Over 2.5 goals

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Lecture » Text » Excellence of Being Lenient and Tolerant
Excellence of Being Lenient and Tolerant
Dear brothers and sisters:
One of the Islamic morals that should be taken into consideration in behaviour is the adoption of a lenient and easy approach, far from severity and sternness. Allah commands us to hold the moral of leniency, tolerance and forgiveness. The Qur'an says, 'Hold to forgiveness; command what is right; But turn away from the ignorant.' [7:199] '
And says, 'And not equal are the good deed and the bad. Repel [evil] by that [deed] which is better; and thereupon the one whom between you and him is enmity [will become] as though he was a devoted friend.' [41-34] And says, 'And verily, whosoever shows patience and forgives that would truly be from the things recommended by Allah.' [42:43]
Leniency is the opposite of harshness. Allah enjoins softness and dislikes harshness in human relations. Allah assures of reward for gentle behaviour in society, not for unkindness or anything like that. However, inflexibility is preferred to flexibility when there arises a question of religious matters and the limits set by Allah.
Leniency and ease of Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] is an example for us to follow: he was the best example in leniency, ease, moderation, forbearance, and mildness. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh] was the best of all the people in behaviour.' He rejects harshness, difficulty, extremism and hardship even in worship. Prophet Muhammad explains the excellence of leniency and ease and mentions that Allah loves the characteristics of leniency, ease, forbearance, and mildness.
The Messenger of Allah [pbuh] said to Ashaj Abdul-Qais 'You possess two qualities that Allah loves. These are leniency and tolerance.' [Muslim] The Messenger of Allah [pbuh] said, 'Allah is Forbearer [Kind, Lenient] and loves forbearance in all matters.' [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] The Messenger of Allah [pbuh] said, 'He who is deprived of forbearance and leniency is, in fact, deprived of all good.' [Muslim]
This teaches us to adopt a patient, mild and discreet attitude towards others. Moreover, there is a provision for praising somebody in his presence, provided there is no likelihood of his being conceited. Mildness or leniency also brings human beings closer to one another, and on this count, Allah likes it very much.
The Prophet [pbuh] said, 'Allah is Forbearer and He loves forbearance, and rewards for forbearance while He does not reward severity, and does not give for any thing besides it [forbearance].' [Muslim] 'Aishah narrated that the Prophet [pbuh] said, 'Whenever forbearance is added to something, it adorns it; and whenever it is withdrawn from something, it leaves it defective.' [Muslim]
`Aishah narrated, 'Whenever the Prophet [pbuh] was given a choice between two matters, he would [always] choose the easier as long as it was not sinful to do so; but if it was sinful he was most strict in avoiding it. He never took revenge upon anybody for his own sake; but when Allah's Legal Bindings were outraged, he would take revenge for Allah's sake.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
The two things between which Messenger of Allah [pbuh] would make his choice could be religious or worldly. For instance, if he were asked to award one of the two punishments to somebody, he would choose the lenient one. And if he had the liberty of choice between two obligations, he would opt for the easier one. Between war and peace he would always go for peace, provided it involved the interest of Islam and Muslims. Moreover, in all matters he used to take the line of least resistance, in case it went without the disobedience of Allah.
Leniency and Mildness with Others: Islam urges Muslims to be kind, tolerant and patient with others. Abu Hurairah A man asked the Prophet [pbuh] to give him advice, and he [pbuh] said, 'Do not get angry.' The man repeated that several times and he [pbuh] replied [every time], 'Do not get angry.' [Al-Bukhari] anger is not advisable is Islam except in justified cases.
Similarly, Abu Hurairah narrated a Bedouin urinated in the mosque and some people rushed to beat him up. The Prophet [pbuh] said: 'Leave him alone and pour a bucket of water over it. You have been sent to make things easy and not to make them difficult.' [Al-Bukhari] This Hadith brings into light the fact that leniency is also vitally needed in the sphere of education and discipline. This is particularly true in the case of ignorant and ill-bred people. This is so because if they are treated unkindly, they will become more indocile on account of their wild temperament and foolishness. This Hadith is very beneficial with regard to the way of Da`wah, guidance and practical education.
Preaching, sermons, religious discourses and moral advice all should concentrate on such things as may be helpful to people in being inclined towards gaining religious knowledge. Likewise this aspect should also be kept in view in the exposition and interpretation of religion. Moreover, the tone and mode of expression of religious leaders should not be repulsive and based on sectarian hatred, rather it should pull hearts to religion. The Prophet [pbuh] said, 'Make things easy and do not make them difficult, cheer the people up by conveying glad tidings to them and do not repulse [them].' [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
In his advice to Abu Musa and Mu`adh before dispatching them to Yemen, the Prophet said: 'Show leniency [to the people]; don't be hard upon them; give them glad tidings [of Divine favors in this world and the Hereafter]; and do not create aversion. Work in collaboration and don't be divided.' In another hadith, `Anas narrates that the Prophet said: 'Give glad tidings [to the people]; do not create [in their minds] aversion [towards religion]; show them leniency and do not be hard upon them.'
In fact, the lenient approach is needed more and more in our contemporary age, especially in dealing with new converts to Islam and those who have recently repented. Actually, this attitude is crystal clear in the Prophet's way of teaching Islam to new converts. He never overburdened them with many duties, orders, or prohibitions. When the new converts asked him about the teachings of Islam, he only informed them about the basic duties of Islam, without overwhelming them with many [supererogatory] acts.
Leniency and gentleness with servants, women, and the old: In numerous traditions, Prophet Muhammad urges Muslims to be lenient, gentle, and kind to women. He said, 'Be kind to woman for they are helper to you.' [al-Bukhari]
He also said, 'The best among you is the one who best to his wife and I am the best to my wives.' Similarly, leniency and gentleness with the old: Islam also urges us to show leniency and kindness to the aged. The Prophet [pbuh] said: 'If any of you leads the people in prayer, he should shorten it for amongst them are the weak, the sick and the old; and if anyone among you prays alone then he may prolong [the prayer] as much as he wishes.'
Anas narrates that a group of three men came to the houses of the wives of the Prophet asking how the Prophet worshipped [Allah], and when they were informed about that, they seemed to consider it insufficient and said, 'Where are we from the Prophet, as his past and future sins have been forgiven?' Then one of them said, 'I will offer the prayer throughout the night forever.' The other said, 'I will fast throughout the year and will not break my fast.' The third said, 'I will keep away from women and will not marry forever.' Allah's Messenger came to them and said, 'Are you the same people who said so-and-so? By Allah, I am more submissive to Allah and more afraid of Him than you; yet I fast and break my fast, I do sleep and I also marry women. So he who does not follow my Sunnah in religion, is not from me [not one of my followers].' [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
Furthermore, Abu Hurayrah narrates that the Prophet [pbuh] is reported to have said, 'Religion is very easy and whoever overburdens himself in his religion will not be able to continue in that way. So be moderate and try to be near to perfection, and receive the good tidings [that you will be rewarded]; and gain strength by worshipping in the early hours of the mornings, the afternoon hours, and some part of the nights.' Thus, the Prophet tells us that whoever intends to overburden himself with religious duties will fail, since the religious branches are numerous. So he taught us to choose times that are more suitable for offering acts of worship, that is times when the heart feels comfortable and the body is not exhausted, so that one would feel the delicious taste of worship and not feel boredom.
Leniency and Mildness with Animals: Islam forbids us to torture animals and birds or to be harsh to them. The Prophet [pbuh] mentioned the story of the woman who entered Hell-fire because she imprisoned her cat and did not feed her.
He also mentioned the story of a man who entered paradise for his kindness to the dog. The Messenger of Allah [pbuh] said, 'Verily Allah has prescribed Ihsan [kindness] for everything. So when you kill, you must make the killing in the best manner; when you slaughter, make your slaughter in the best manner. Let one of you sharpen his knife and give ease to his animal [in order to reduce his pain].' [Muslim]
Leniency and Ease in Worship: Even, we see that the Prophet [pbuh] vehemently criticized those who make things difficult for people without considering their circumstances. This is demonstrated in his attitude towards some of the companions who used to prolong the prayer when leading people, which resulted in some complaints from people. When he was informed that Mu`adh prolonged the prayer, he reproached him saying: 'Are you a tempter?' He said it thrice.
Also, a man came to the Prophet and said, 'O Allah's messenger! I keep away from the morning prayer because so-andso [the imam] prolongs it too much.' Allah's Messenger became furious, and I never saw him more furious than he was on that day. The Prophet said, 'O people! Some of you make others dislike the prayer, so whoever becomes an Imam he should shorten the prayer, as behind him are the weak, the old, and those who need to leave for a certain purpose.' The Prophet also disapproved of the act of Mu`adh, though he was one of his beloved and appreciated companions. Anas, the Prophet's servant and companion, states: 'I never prayed behind any imam a prayer lighter and more perfect than that of the Prophet, and he used to shorten the prayer whenever he heard the cries of a child lest he should put the child's mother to trial.'
Leniency and gentleness with children: The Prophet himself said: 'When I start the prayer I intend to prolong it, but on hearing the cries of a child, I shorten the prayer because I know that the cries of the child will incite his mother's passions.'
Leniency and ease help in reward and punishment in the hereafter. The Messenger of Allah [pbuh] said, 'Shall I not tell you whom the [Hell] Fire is forbidden to touch? It is forbidden to touch a man who is always accessible, having polite and tender nature.' [At-Tirmidhi]
Finally I ask Allah to guide us all.
Sheikh/ Khalifa Ezzat
Rajab 13, 1431 – June 25, 2010
http://iccuk.org/page.php?section=religious&page=khutbas


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IJME 309
Paper title: A Numerical Simulation Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Motions of a Ship Advancing in Waves
D C Lo, D T Su, and J T Lin, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Taiwan
This study establishes a relationship diagram of the ship-wave interaction under a ship advancing in waves. A finite difference method based on volume of fluid (VOF) principles was used to simulate the hydrodynamic motions of a ship advancing in waves. A ship model was constructed using a computer aided design (CAD) tool. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique was used to calculate the hydrodynamic motions effect of a ship sailing in waves at varying angles of incidence. This study investigates a number of significant related parameters, such as the speed of the ship model, the various wave incidence angles, the wave height, and the navigation time. A chart is also used to show the flow field, and changes in the six degrees of freedom motion and continually compare changes in the drag force
Transactions RINA, Vol 156, Part A4, International Journal Maritime Engineering, Oct-Dec 2014
DOI Number
DOI No: 10.3940/rina.ijme.2014.a4.309
Search and Order IJME papers
All International Journal of Maritime Engineering (IJME) papers are listed in the RINA Publications Database. You can search the database by author name and paper title. Publications may be ordered and paid for online. Other publications are also listed, some of which may be downloaded free of charge. Follow the link to Search Publications & Order.


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Newsroom > News Articles > Dr. Acharya named FHC chief Dental Informatics officer
Dr. Acharya named FHC chief Dental Informatics officer
Oct. 11, 2016
Amit Acharya, B.D.S., Ph.D., founding director of the Institute for Oral and Systemic Health (IOSH), Marshfield Clinic Research Institute (MCRI), has been named chief Dental Informatics officer (CDIO) for Family Health Center of Marshfield, Inc., and dental practice at the Marshfield Clinic Health System (MCHS).
Dr. Acharya, a tenured MCRI research scientist, is conducting original research aimed at developing, implementing and evaluating clinical information systems in biomedical and dental informatics and the oral-systemic relationship between periodontal and systemic disease like diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
In the past seven years he has played an active role in securing over $5 million in extramural funding to conduct independent research in oral health informatics, oral-systemic and dental-craniofacial research.
Dental services are integrated into MCHS through a decade-long partnership with FHC which provides care to low income, Medicaid and uninsured populations through 10 dental Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) sites and are staffed by 44 general dentists, two oral surgeons and 44 hygienists. Since 2002, FHC dental centers have cared for over 128,000 unique dental patients where about 90 percent also seeking medical care within MCHS.
"As we seek to achieve unprecedented rates of attendance in preventive dental service delivery to our target population, we will need to develop and employ informatics tools that currently do not exist. Establishing the CDIO role is critical to FHC's long-term success in influencing dental oral health seeking behavior, measuring and improving the quality of care delivered and better integration of dentistry with medicine for our target population that carries a disproportionate burden of oral disease," said Greg Nycz, FHC executive director.
"Dr. Acharya has been instrumental in helping FHC secure nearly $1.8 million of Electronic Health Record Meaningful Use incentive payments. With his continued assistance and expertise, FHC hopes to meet required future targets to maximize EHR MU payments through 2022."
The CDIO is responsible for developing a strategic road map and advising specific implementation groups of key informatics and information technology solutions and infrastructure at dental practices within MCHS to support patient care, research and educational activities. As CDIO, Dr. Acharya will serve on the dental leadership team and work closely with dental directors and dental administrators to help build key informatics and information technology infrastructure based on translational research and best practices to address the quadruple aim in dentistry - improve quality of patient care, reduce cost of care, improve patient experience and improve provider experience.
"I am excited about the new set of challenges this role brings and very much look forward to opportunities that will open up for MCHS within the medical-dental integration domain," said Dr. Acharya.
Some of his immediate focus as CDIO will be to establish the quality improvement platform for dental practices by supporting development, validation and implementation of specific dental eMeasures as well as developing data visualizations tools, dashboards, key clinical decision support systems and risk assessment tools within dental practices.
"Oral health is connected to overall health. As part of our holistic care delivery approach for individual patients and population we serve, MCHS is dedicated to caring for the 'whole patient.' We are leading the medical-dental integration space and establishing a CDIO role. Working closely with dental and medical leadership, this is the right approach and Amit is a great fit to serve in this capacity," said Dr. Narayana Murali, executive director, Marshfield Clinic.
Dr. Acharya will report to Nycz and Dr. Murali, while also working closely with Dr. Mark LePage, chief medical officer, Marshfield Clinic, Dr. John O'Brien, FHC dental director, and Terri Kleutsch, FHC dental administrator, on medical and dental integration initiatives.
Dr. Acharya has published scientific abstracts and manuscripts in over 100 national and international peer-reviewed journals and edited a book titled "Integration of Medical and Dental Care and Patient Data."
He has held leadership roles including secretary, chair-elect and chair of the American Dental Education Association's Dental Informatics Section; co-chair elect and co-chair, American Medical Informatics Association's Dental Informatics Work Group. He has served on national HIT expert panels coordinated by entities like Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology and National Quality Forum.
He completed his bachelor of dental surgery degree from Bangalore University, India, and practiced clinical dentistry as a house surgeon and a dental officer for several years. He later completed a master's degree in computer science from Western Kentucky University; a doctorate in biomedical informatics from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; and pursued a program in leadership strategies for information technology in health care from Harvard School of Public Health, Boston.
Marshfield Clinic Health System Director of Communications
gardner.john@marshfieldclinic.org
Jeff Starck
Media Relations Specialist - Marshfield, Wausau/Weston
starck.jeffrey@marshfieldclinic.org
Amber Weldon
Regional Marketing and Public Relations Specialist - Minocqua, Park Falls
weldon.amber@marshfieldclinic.org
Matt Schneider
Regional Communications Manager - Eau Claire
schneider.matthew@marshfieldclinic.org
Christy Moravitz
Communications Specialist - Rice Lake
moravitz.christy@lakeviewmedical.org
Dan Baulch
Media Communications Specialist - Beaver Dam
dbaulch@bdch.org
Candy Marg
Community Relations Manager - Neillsville
marg.candace@marshfieldclinic.org
Becca Baader
Communications Specialist - Ladysmith
baader.rebecca@marshfieldclinic.org


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Oct 28 | 12:00 AM
Pacific University (Oregon)
@ Opponent Unknown 0 - 0
10/13 06:00PM
vs Unknown 0 - 0
@ Unknown 0 - 0
10/28 12:00AM
Anonymous | Posted: 29 Oct 2005 | Updated: 8 Nov 2020
BYU Women Swim to a Fourth-Place Finish at Sea Level
STOCKTON -- The BYU women's swimming team saw preseason action this Friday and Saturday in Stockton, Calif. at the Pacific Invitational where they finished fourth against some of the West Coast's top competitors, including USC and Washington State.
Women's swimming coach Stan Crump said the team went in to the meet looking to get stronger and build up confidence, in addition to an inaugural match-up on the season.
"We did what we wanted to do," Crump said. "We got a little faster, swam pretty good times and we were competitive."
The Cougars finished day one in fifth place at 140, just under 20 points shy of Denver in fourth. The Cougar's highest finish of the day came from the 200 yard medley relay team, which included junior Brittany Davis, sophomore Jamie Bloom, sophomore Angela Goodson and freshman Leilani Roberts, finishing fifth and bringing in 28 points for the team. Roberts brought in additional points for the Cougars finishing sixth in the 200 free and ninth in the 50 free.
Other Cougars who contributed to the team total included sophomore Tara Bradshaw, sophomore Carly Smith and freshman Whitney Hall, who finished 12th, 13th and 14th respectively in the 400 IM. Junior Sarah Woodbury brought in another 11 points for the Cougars coming in eighth in the 50 free, followed by Roberts in ninth and sophomore Brittany Webb in 11th. Freshman Kimberly Clark and sophomore U-Nice Chan also raised the score for BYU, finishing 13th and 14th respectively in the 1650 free.
Day two the Cougars brought in a lot more points collectively to boost their final score to 364 and give them a fourth place finish behind Denver in third, Pacific in second and USC in first. The team racked up points in several events, including four top-ten finishes in the 200 backstroke by seniors Natasha Schlup Jones in fourth and Nikki Bates Walsh in ninth, Davis in sixth and Tara Bradshaw in eighth. Bloom also brought in a third-place finish in the 200 breaststroke and Chan, freshman Calleigh McHenry, Smith and Davis made a successful run in the 800 free relay for a sixth place finish.
Although the team was competing against some nationally ranked teams, Crump said he's happy with the way they swam and the scores as a whole.
"It was very good swimming on the most part of October," he said. "We had some nice things happening this weekend for us."
BYU men and women will host UNLV for the first MWC match-up on the season Nov. 11 at the Richards Building Pool.
BYU-Women-Swim-to-a-Fourth-Place-Finish-at-Sea-Level.pdf
Event Preview
Cougars Head to the Coast for Season-Opening Swim
PROVO -- The BYU women's swim team will make a quick trip to sea level this weekend to compete in the Pacific Invitational in Stockton, Calif. The meet will be the Cougar's first to count on the season.
"The idea is to get out of town, take a break from training and compete in a lot of events," said BYU women's swim coach Stan Crump. Crump entered every swimmer in at least three events, not including relays. "They are training well, and the more they compete the better they will get at it," he said.
The Cougars swam in two meets earlier this month, competing in the annual Don Reddish relays Oct. 13 at Utah and the Blue/White alumni meet Oct. 14 at home. Coach Crump is confident that with a few races under their belts, the women are ready to see action on the road and establish a benchmark for the pre-Christmas season.
"I'm looking for every swimmer to be better," he said. "They should each go faster than the last time they swam."
Universities participating in the invitational include Pacific, Nevada-Reno, Southern California, Denver, Washington State and MWC opponent San Diego State. The meet will begin at 3 p.m. on Friday and noon on Saturday.
The Pacific Invitational will be the women's final preseason match-up before starting regular-season competition Nov. 11 against UNLV.
Cougars-Head-to-the-Coast-for-Season-Opening-Swim.pdf


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Almost 5 million acres destroyed 34 deaths, many more missing and thousands of homes burnt to the ground as the scale of the west coast fires become apparent: Mobile morgue set up in Oregon: A thick, blanket of smoke trapped by mountain ranges on either side in Washington State.
San Francisco's Transamerica Pyramid and Salesforce Tower are seen amid daytime smoke from wildfires on Wednesday. Photograph: Eric Risberg/AP
Weeks of dry, hot weather have fueled historic wildfires along the West Coast that have killed more than 34 people and reduced thousands of homes to embers. Firefighters have been battling blazes in the region, which have consumed more than 4.7 million acres, as dry grass and high winds have created tinderbox conditions. But rain this week could bring much-needed relief to some parts of the Northwest, giving firefighters time to gain headway against the deadly flames. Red flag warnings are still in place from northern California into Southern Oregon, where fire danger remains high but air conditions are improving.
California wildfires kill 25 people
More than 17,000 firefighters are on the front lines in California battling more than two dozen large fires. At least 25 people have died and 3.3 million acres have burned since the beginning of the year. Since August 15, when the state's fire activity elevated, there have been 25 fatalities and over 4,200 structures destroyed. Gov. Gavin Newsom told reporters Wednesday that since 1980 the state's average temperature between June and September has increased from roughly 71 degrees to 74 degrees. "While that may not seem significant - three degrees - it is profoundly impactful," he said. "Average temperatures in the state of California during these summer months increasing over the last number of decades is a direct cause and effect to the experience we're currently having,"
Newson noted that fires seasons have become tougher over the last decade. Last year, despite several high-profile fires, saw 277,000 acres consumed by flames, compared to 3.4 million acres so far this year, he said. This year's deadliest fire has been the North Complex, with at least 15 deaths and more than 273,000 acres burned. It was 36% contained as of Wednesday. It is the fifth deadliest fire in state history.
The Butte County Sheriff's Office has identified 10 of 15 victims, who range in ages from 16 to 79. The August Complex Fire, the largest in state history, continues to burn in Northern California. It has consumed 817,952 acres and is 30% contained. "With no significant precipitation in sight, California remains dry and ripe for wildfires," said Cal Fire. A warming trend returning over the weekend will increase the fire danger. But smoke conditions and visibility are improving in northern California, according to NWS Bay Area.
Further south, air quality remains an issue with smoke advisories issued for the Bobcat and El Dorado fires. The El Dorado Fire, sparked by gender reveal gone awry, has consumed more than 18,000 acres and is 60% contained while the Bobcat Fire has consumed more than 44,000 acres and is at 3% containment. Portions of foothill cities of Arcadia and Sierra Madre are under evacuation orders.
Mobile morgue set up in Oregon
At least eight people have died and 16 more are missing among the 29 fires in Oregon, according to the state's fire dashboard. The Marion County Sheriff's Office said in a news release investigators identified two victims in the Beachie fire as 41-year-old Justin Cook and 71-year-old Cathy Cook, both from the city of Lyons. The Cooks were located near their property, the sheriff's office said in the release.
A mobile facility for the medical examiner has been established in Linn County as officials prepare for the possibility of more fatalities. Despite deadly conditions, some residents opted to stay behind to protect their homes from incoming flames. Darren Richardson ignored evacuation orders as the Beachie Creek Fire closed in on his neighbourhood, CNN affiliate KATU reported. "My house is still there, my whole block is there because we went up there and fought it," Richardson told KATU. "I've been there, I watched the town burn down, I was there for 14 hours trying to put it out with other people." Richardson was able to save his home but most of the town was burned, the affiliate said.
A federal disaster declaration has been approved for the state to help fund the state's recovery and Oregon's Congressional delegation is urging Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar to declare the wildfires in Oregon a public health emergency. "This decision will make more Federal aid available to the State and provide resources needed for our communities to rebuild," Rep. Peter DeFazio (D) said in a tweet Tuesday. DeFazio wrote that he was told of the decision by White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows. "Oregon is resilient, but to fight fires on this scale, we need all the help we can get," tweeted Gov. Kate Brown. "Grateful we've been quickly granted a Presidential Disaster Declaration, helping provide support like damage assessment teams, search and rescue, debris management, shelter and medical assistance."
More than 620,000 acres burned in Washington
In Washington, more than 620,000 acres have burned in recent weeks, creating a thick, blanket of smoke trapped by mountain ranges on either side. Two hundred structures have been destroyed and at least one person has died - a child in the Cold Springs fire near Omak. During a press conference Tuesday, Gov. Jay Inslee called the air quality "oppressive."
He said the wildfires have resulted in the most consecutive days of hazardous air quality since the state began regular monitoring nearly two decades ago. "Now our air quality I know is oppressive, and it remains unhealthy at best and hazardous at worst according to our state," Inslee said. " Across the state, we have concerns at the air outside right now is at historically polluted levels." Two hundred miles of power lines are down in central Washington and several hundred utility poles have burned, the governor added. The smoky skies have prompted Alaska Airlines to suspend flights to Portland and Spokane.
Wildfires 2020


The name's Vanquish. Aston Martin Vanquish. Specifically, the 2014 Vanquish that Aston Martin gave to James Bond actor Daniel Craig. Craig is selling the car, which bears serial number 007, at a Christie's charity auction. It should give you a quantum of solace to know that proceeds will go to The Opportunity Network, a New York-based charity which helps disadvantaged students achieve their education and career goals.
The car is one of only 100 examples of the Vanquish Centenary Edition built commemorating the 100th anniversary of Aston Martin. The Centenary Edition had several special touches including solid sterling silver Aston Martin badges, silver thread embroidery in the interior, and individually numbered silver sill plaques. It also came with a box of goodies that included two glass keys with bespoke key pouches made from the same leather as the car's interior, silver Aston Martin cufflinks, a silver pen, and a silver polishing cloth for all of that silver. You may think your fancy, but did your car come with silver cufflinks?
Craig's personal car is midnight blue with a dark blue leather interior, bespoke by Craig for his penchant for denim and dark colors. It's powered by a 6.0-liter V-12 engine with a six-speed automatic transmission. It makes 565-horsepower and 457 pound-feet of torque giving the car a top speed of 183 mph.
Incidentally, Craig never drove a Vanquish in a Bond film, but his predecessor Pierce Brosnan did in the 2002 film Die Another Day. Q called it the "Vanish" because of its cloaking ability and was the subject of a particularly ridiculous car chase with a heavily armed Jaguar XKR.
Being this British, it's naturally left-hand drive. It's expected to fetch a price of $400,000-$600,000. License to kill not included.


3714 Village Springs Drive is a $231,900, 3,094 square foot, 4 bedroom, 2.5 bath home on a 0.17 acre lot located in High Point, NC.
Location location location! An opportunity to own a 4 bedroom house in a neighborhood close to everything. Come quick! Seller motivated!!
I am interested in 3714 Village Springs Drive, High Point, NC 27265.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using Microsoft.Research.DataStructures;

namespace Microsoft.Research.AbstractDomains.Numerical
{
    // **** Important *****
    // We have a bunch of invariants in this class, which cannot proven by C# type system but Clousot can do.
    // As a consequence we always want to have 0 warnings on this class
    [ContractVerification(true)]
    public class NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>
      : IAbstractDomainForArraySegmentationAbstraction<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>, Variable>
    {
        #region Object invariant
        [ContractInvariantMethod]
        private void ObjectInvariant()
        {
            Contract.Invariant(disInterval != null);
            Contract.Invariant(symbolicConditions != null);
            Contract.Invariant(weaklyRelationalDomains != null);
            Contract.Invariant(weaklyRelationalDomains.Length == WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount);
            Contract.Invariant(Contract.ForAll(weaklyRelationalDomains, dom => dom != null));
        }
        #endregion

        #region State

        private readonly DisInterval disInterval;
        private readonly SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> symbolicConditions;

        private const int WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount = 5;
        private readonly SetOfConstraints<Variable>[] weaklyRelationalDomains;

        public enum ADomains { Equalities = 0, DisEqualities = 1, WeakUpperBounds = 2, StrictUpperBounds = 3, Existential = 4 }

        // Meaning:
        // weaklyRelationalDomains[0] == Equalities
        // weaklyRelationalDomains[1] == DisEqualities
        // weaklyRelationalDomains[2] == WeakUpperBounds
        // weaklyRelationalDomains[3] == StrictUpperBounds
        // weaklyRelationalDomains[4] == Existential

        #endregion

        #region Constructor

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction(DisInterval interval)
          : this(interval, SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>.Unknown,
          SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unknown, SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unknown,
          SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unknown,
          SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unknown, SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unknown)
        {
            Contract.Requires(interval != null);
        }

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction(
          DisInterval interval, SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> symbolicConditions,
          SetOfConstraints<Variable> equalities, SetOfConstraints<Variable> disequalities,
          SetOfConstraints<Variable> weakUpperBounds, SetOfConstraints<Variable> strictUpperBounds,
          SetOfConstraints<Variable> existential)
        {
            Contract.Requires(interval != null);
            Contract.Requires(symbolicConditions != null);
            Contract.Requires(disequalities != null);
            Contract.Requires(equalities != null);
            Contract.Requires(weakUpperBounds != null);
            Contract.Requires(strictUpperBounds != null);
            Contract.Requires(existential != null);

            disInterval = interval;
            this.symbolicConditions = symbolicConditions;
            weaklyRelationalDomains = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount]
            {
        equalities,
        disequalities,
        weakUpperBounds,
        strictUpperBounds,
        existential
            };
        }

        private NonRelationalValueAbstraction(
          DisInterval interval, SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> symbolicConditions,
          SetOfConstraints<Variable>[] domains)
        {
            Contract.Requires(interval != null);
            Contract.Requires(symbolicConditions != null);
            Contract.Requires(domains != null);

            Contract.Requires(domains.Length == WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount);
            Contract.Requires(Contract.ForAll(domains, el => el != null));

            disInterval = interval;
            this.symbolicConditions = symbolicConditions;
            weaklyRelationalDomains = domains;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Statics
        static public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Unknown
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);
                var allTop = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount];

                for (var i = 0; i < WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount; i++)
                {
                    allTop[i] = SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unknown;
                }

                return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(DisInterval.UnknownInterval, SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>.Unknown, allTop);
            }
        }

        static public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Unreached
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

                var allBottom = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount];

                for (var i = 0; i < WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount; i++)
                {
                    allBottom[i] = SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unreached;
                }

                return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(DisInterval.UnreachedInterval, SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>.Unreached, allBottom);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Properties
        public DisInterval Interval
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<DisInterval>() != null);

                return disInterval;
            }
        }

        public SetOfConstraints<Variable> Equalities
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>>() != null);

                return weaklyRelationalDomains[(int)ADomains.Equalities];
            }
        }

        public SetOfConstraints<Variable> DisEqualities
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>>() != null);

                return weaklyRelationalDomains[(int)ADomains.DisEqualities];
            }
        }

        public SetOfConstraints<Variable> StrictUpperBounds
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>>() != null);

                return weaklyRelationalDomains[(int)ADomains.StrictUpperBounds];
            }
        }

        public SetOfConstraints<Variable> WeakUpperBounds
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>>() != null);

                return weaklyRelationalDomains[(int)ADomains.WeakUpperBounds];
            }
        }

        public SetOfConstraints<Variable> Existential
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>>() != null);

                return weaklyRelationalDomains[(int)ADomains.Existential];
            }
        }

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> SymbolicConditions
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

                return symbolicConditions;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Check For contraddictions

        /// <summary>
        /// Check for contraddictions.
        /// The understanding here is that:
        ///   - 'this' is interpreted as existential and 'exists' as universal
        ///   - 'that' is interpreted as universal and 'exists' as existential
        /// </summary>
        public bool AreInContraddiction(NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);

            if (this.Interval.Meet(other.Interval).IsBottom)
                return true;

            if (!this.DisEqualities.Join(other.Equalities).IsTop)
                return true;

            if (!this.Equalities.Join(other.DisEqualities).IsTop)
                return true;

            if (!this.Equalities.Join(other.StrictUpperBounds).IsTop)
                return true;

            if (!this.StrictUpperBounds.Join(other.Equalities).IsTop)
                return true;

            return false;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Assumptions

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> TestTrueEqual(Variable v)
        {
            if (this.DisEqualities.Contains(v) || this.StrictUpperBounds.Contains(v))
            {
                return this.Bottom;
            }

            var equalities = this.Equalities.Add(v);
            var weakupperbounds = this.WeakUpperBounds.Add(v);

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(
              this.Interval, this.SymbolicConditions,
              equalities, // updated
              this.DisEqualities,
              weakupperbounds,  // updated
              this.StrictUpperBounds, this.Existential);
        }

        #endregion

        #region IAbstractDomain Members

        public bool IsBottom
        {
            get
            {
                return disInterval.IsBottom || symbolicConditions.IsBottom || weaklyRelationalDomains.Any(x => x.IsBottom);
            }
        }

        public bool IsTop
        {
            get
            {
                return disInterval.IsTop && symbolicConditions.IsTop && weaklyRelationalDomains.All(x => x.IsTop);
            }
        }

        public bool LessEqual(NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);

            if (!disInterval.LessEqual(other.Interval))
            {
                return false;
            }
            Contract.Assert(other.symbolicConditions != null);
            if (!symbolicConditions.LessEqual(other.symbolicConditions))
            {
                return false;
            }

            // F: Assuming the object invariant for other
            Contract.Assert(other.weaklyRelationalDomains != null);
            Contract.Assume(Contract.ForAll(other.weaklyRelationalDomains, dom => dom != null));
            Contract.Assume(weaklyRelationalDomains.Length == other.weaklyRelationalDomains.Length, "assuming object invariant");
            for (var i = 0; i < weaklyRelationalDomains.Length; i++)
            {
                if (!weaklyRelationalDomains[i].LessEqual(other.weaklyRelationalDomains[i]))
                    return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Bottom
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

                var allBottom = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount];

                for (var i = 0; i < WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount; i++)
                {
                    allBottom[i] = SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unreached;
                }

                return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(DisInterval.UnreachedInterval, SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>.Unreached, allBottom);
            }
        }

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Top
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

                var allTop = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount];

                for (var i = 0; i < WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount; i++)
                {
                    allTop[i] = SetOfConstraints<Variable>.Unknown;
                }

                return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(DisInterval.UnknownInterval, SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>.Unknown, allTop);
            }
        }

        [Pure]
        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Join(NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> result;
            if (AbstractDomainsHelper.TryTrivialJoin(this, other, out result))
            {
                return result;
            }

            var intv = disInterval.Join(other.Interval);
            var symbolicConditions = this.symbolicConditions.Join(other.symbolicConditions);

            Contract.Assume(weaklyRelationalDomains.Length == other.weaklyRelationalDomains.Length);

            var newWeaklyDomains = ParallelOperation(weaklyRelationalDomains, other.weaklyRelationalDomains, (x, y) => x.Join(y));

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(intv, symbolicConditions, newWeaklyDomains);
        }

        [Pure]
        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Meet(NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> result;
            if (AbstractDomainsHelper.TryTrivialMeet(this, other, out result))
            {
                return result;
            }

            var intv = disInterval.Meet(other.Interval);

            Contract.Assert(other.symbolicConditions != null);
            var symbolicConditions = this.symbolicConditions.Meet(other.symbolicConditions);

            Contract.Assert(other.weaklyRelationalDomains != null);
            Contract.Assume(weaklyRelationalDomains.Length == other.weaklyRelationalDomains.Length);

            var newWeaklyDomains = ParallelOperation(weaklyRelationalDomains, other.weaklyRelationalDomains, (x, y) => x.Meet(y));

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(intv, symbolicConditions, newWeaklyDomains);
        }

        [Pure]
        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Widening(NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> prev)
        {
            Contract.Requires(prev != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> result;
            if (AbstractDomainsHelper.TryTrivialJoin(this, prev, out result))
            {
                return result;
            }

            var intv = disInterval.Widening(prev.Interval);
            var symbolicConditions = this.symbolicConditions.Join(prev.symbolicConditions);

            Contract.Assume(weaklyRelationalDomains.Length == prev.weaklyRelationalDomains.Length);

            var newWeaklyDomains = ParallelOperation(weaklyRelationalDomains, prev.weaklyRelationalDomains, (x, y) => x.Widening(y));

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(intv, SymbolicConditions, newWeaklyDomains);
        }

        #endregion

        #region To

        public T To<T>(IFactory<T> factory)
        {
            var result = factory.And(disInterval.To(factory), symbolicConditions.To(factory));

            T name;

            if (factory.TryGetName(out name))
            {
                for (var i = 0; i < weaklyRelationalDomains.Length; i++)
                {
                    if (weaklyRelationalDomains[i].IsNormal())
                    {
                        result = factory.And(result, To(i, factory, name));
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        private T To<T>(int i, IFactory<T> factory, T name)
        {
            Contract.Requires(i >= 0);
            Contract.Requires(i < weaklyRelationalDomains.Length);
            Contract.Requires(factory != null);

            var result = factory.IdentityForAnd;

            var constraints = weaklyRelationalDomains[i];

            switch (i)
            {
                // weaklyRelationalDomains[0] == Equalities
                case 0:
                    return MakeFact<T>(name, result, constraints.Values, factory, factory.EqualTo);

                // weaklyRelationalDomains[1] == DisEqualities
                case 1:
                    return MakeFact<T>(name, result, constraints.Values, factory, factory.NotEqualTo);

                // weaklyRelationalDomains[2] == WeakUpperBounds
                case 2:
                    return MakeFact<T>(name, result, constraints.Values, factory, factory.LessEqualThan);

                // weaklyRelationalDomains[3] == StrictUpperBounds
                case 3:
                    return MakeFact<T>(name, result, constraints.Values, factory, factory.LessThan);

                // weaklyRelationalDomains[4] == Existential
                case 4:
                    return result;

                default:
                    Contract.Assert(false);
                    return factory.IdentityForAnd;
            }
        }

        private static T MakeFact<T>(T name, T result, IEnumerable<Variable> constraints,
          IFactory<T> factory, Func<T, T, T> op)
        {
            Contract.Requires(constraints != null);
            Contract.Requires(factory != null);
            Contract.Requires(op != null);

            foreach (var x in constraints)
            {
                result = factory.And(result, op(name, factory.Variable(x)));
            }
            return result;
        }

        #endregion

        #region ICloneable Members

        public object Clone()
        {
            return this.DuplicateMe();
        }

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> DuplicateMe()
        {
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            var newArr = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[weaklyRelationalDomains.Length];
            Array.Copy(weaklyRelationalDomains, newArr, weaklyRelationalDomains.Length);
            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(disInterval, symbolicConditions, newArr);
        }

        #endregion

        #region To Please the compiler
        bool IAbstractDomain.LessEqual(IAbstractDomain a)
        {
            var other = a as NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(other != null);

            return this.LessEqual(other);
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Bottom
        {
            get { return this.Bottom; }
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Top
        {
            get { return this.Top; }
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Join(IAbstractDomain a)
        {
            var other = a as NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(other != null);

            return this.Join(other);
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Meet(IAbstractDomain a)
        {
            var other = a as NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(other != null);

            return this.Meet(other);
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Widening(IAbstractDomain prev)
        {
            var other = prev as NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(other != null);

            return this.Widening(other);
        }

        #endregion

        #region ToString
        public override string ToString()
        {
            if (this.IsTop)
            {
                return "Top";
            }
            if (this.IsBottom)
            {
                return "_|_";
            }

            var result = disInterval.ToString();

            result += symbolicConditions.IsTop ? "" : string.Format("({0})", symbolicConditions.ToString());

            for (var i = 0; i < weaklyRelationalDomains.Length; i++)
            {
                var dom = weaklyRelationalDomains[i];
                if (!dom.IsTop)
                {
                    result = result + " " + OperatorFor((ADomains)i) + "{" + dom.ToString() + "}";
                }
            }

            return result;
        }
        #endregion

        #region IAbstractDomainWithRenaming<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable,Expression>,Variable> Members

        [Pure]
        [ContractVerification(false)]
        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Rename(Dictionary<Variable, FList<Variable>> renaming)
        {
            // Rename the symbolic conditions
            var renamedExpressions = symbolicConditions.Rename(renaming);

            // Rename the set of constraints
            var renamedConstraints = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[weaklyRelationalDomains.Length];
            for (var i = 0; i < weaklyRelationalDomains.Length; i++)
            {
                var dom = weaklyRelationalDomains[i];
                if (dom.IsNormal())
                {
                    var renamedStrict = new Set<Variable>();

                    foreach (var prev in dom.Values)
                    {
                        FList<Variable> targets;
                        if (renaming.TryGetValue(prev, out targets))
                        {
                            foreach (var next in targets.GetEnumerable())
                            {
                                renamedStrict.Add(next);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    renamedConstraints[i] = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>(renamedStrict, false);
                }
                else
                {
                    renamedConstraints[i] = dom;
                }
            }

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(this.Interval, renamedExpressions, renamedConstraints);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Helper functions
        [Pure]
        static private SetOfConstraints<Variable>[] ParallelOperation(
          SetOfConstraints<Variable>[] left, SetOfConstraints<Variable>[] right,
          Func<SetOfConstraints<Variable>, SetOfConstraints<Variable>, SetOfConstraints<Variable>> op)
        {
            Contract.Requires(left != null);
            Contract.Requires(right != null);
            Contract.Requires(left.Length == right.Length);
            Contract.Requires(op != null);

            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>[]>() != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>[]>().Length == left.Length);
            Contract.Ensures(
              Contract.ForAll(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Variable>[]>(), el => el != null));

            var result = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[left.Length];

            for (var i = 0; i < left.Length; i++)
            {
                var r = op(left[i], right[i]);
                Contract.Assume(r != null);

                result[i] = r;
            }

            return result;
        }

        [Pure]
        [ContractVerification(true)]
        private static string OperatorFor(ADomains index)
        {
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<string>() != null);

            Contract.Assert(index >= 0);
            Contract.Assert((int)index < WeaklyRelationalDomainsCount);

            switch (index)
            {
                case ADomains.Equalities:
                    return "=";
                case ADomains.DisEqualities:
                    return "!=";
                case ADomains.StrictUpperBounds:
                    return "<";
                case ADomains.WeakUpperBounds:
                    return "<=";
                case ADomains.Existential:
                    return "E";
                default:
                    {
                        Contract.Assert(false); // should be unreachable
                        return "";
                    }
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region IAbstractDomainForArraySegmentationAbstraction<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable,Expression>,Variable> Members

        /// <summary>
        /// We only add less equals
        /// </summary>
        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> AssumeInformationFrom<Exp>(INumericalAbstractDomainQuery<Variable, Exp> oracle)
        {
            var result = this;

            if (this.IsNormal())
            {
                #region Update <
                if (this.StrictUpperBounds.IsNormal())
                {
                    var newConstraints = new Set<Variable>(this.StrictUpperBounds.Values);

                    foreach (var x in this.StrictUpperBounds.Values)
                    {
                        // Add S such that x <= S
                        var newBounds = oracle.UpperBoundsFor(x, true).ApplyToAll(oracle.ToVariable);
                        Contract.Assert(newBounds != null);
                        newConstraints.AddRange(newBounds);
                    }

                    result = result.Update(ADomains.StrictUpperBounds, new SetOfConstraints<Variable>(newConstraints, false));
                }
                #endregion

                #region Update <=
                if (this.WeakUpperBounds.IsNormal())
                {
                    var newConstraints = new Set<Variable>(this.WeakUpperBounds.Values);

                    foreach (var x in this.WeakUpperBounds.Values)
                    {
                        // Add S such that x <= S
                        var newBounds = oracle.UpperBoundsFor(x, false).ApplyToAll(oracle.ToVariable);
                        Contract.Assert(newBounds != null);
                        newConstraints.AddRange(newBounds);
                    }

                    result = result.Update(ADomains.WeakUpperBounds, new SetOfConstraints<Variable>(newConstraints, false));
                }
                #endregion
            }

            return result;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Update

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> UpdateDisInterval(DisInterval disIntv)
        {
            #region Contracts

            Contract.Requires(disIntv != null);

            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            #endregion

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(
              disIntv,
              symbolicConditions, weaklyRelationalDomains);
        }

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> UpdateSymbolicCondition(SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> sc)
        {
            #region Contracts

            Contract.Requires(sc != null);

            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            #endregion

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(disInterval,
              sc,
              weaklyRelationalDomains);
        }

        public NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression> Update(ADomains what, SetOfConstraints<Variable> value)
        {
            #region Contracts

            Contract.Requires(value != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            Contract.Assert(Enum.IsDefined(typeof(ADomains), what));

            #endregion

            var copy = new SetOfConstraints<Variable>[weaklyRelationalDomains.Length];
            Array.Copy(weaklyRelationalDomains, copy, weaklyRelationalDomains.Length);

            copy[(int)what] = value;

            return new NonRelationalValueAbstraction<Variable, Expression>(disInterval, symbolicConditions, copy);
        }

        #endregion
    }

    public class SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>
      : IAbstractDomainWithRenaming<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>, Variable>
    {
        #region Object invariant

        [ContractInvariantMethod]
        private void ObjectInvariant()
        {
            Contract.Invariant(symbolicConditions != null);
        }

        #endregion

        #region State

        private readonly Variable slackVar;
        private readonly SetOfConstraints<Expression> symbolicConditions;

        public delegate Expression Renaming(Expression exp, Dictionary<Variable, FList<Variable>> renaming);
        public delegate Expression ReplaceVariable(Expression exp, Variable oldVar, Variable newVar);

        // It can be set only once
        [ThreadStatic]
        private static Renaming expressionRenamer;
        public static Renaming ExpressionRenamer
        {
            set
            {
                Contract.Requires(value != null);

                expressionRenamer = value;
            }
        }

        // Removed the ThreadStatic as this should run be set only once, and we run some code below in parallel, which will cause a to have a fresh, thread-local, value for variableReplacer
        //[ThreadStatic]
        private static ReplaceVariable variableReplacer;
        public static ReplaceVariable VariableReplacer
        {
            set
            {
                Contract.Requires(value != null);

                variableReplacer = value;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Constructor

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker(Variable slackVar, SetOfConstraints<Expression> symbolicConditions)
        {
            Contract.Requires(symbolicConditions != null);

            this.slackVar = slackVar;
            this.symbolicConditions = symbolicConditions;
        }

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker(Variable slackVar, Expression exp)
          : this(slackVar, new SetOfConstraints<Expression>(exp))
        {
        }

        #endregion

        #region Statics

        public static SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Unknown
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

                return new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(default(Variable), SetOfConstraints<Expression>.Unknown);
            }
        }

        public static SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Unreached
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

                return new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(default(Variable), SetOfConstraints<Expression>.Unreached);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Getters

        public Variable SlackVariable
        {
            get
            {
                return slackVar;
            }
        }

        public SetOfConstraints<Expression> Conditions
        {
            get
            {
                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SetOfConstraints<Expression>>() != null);

                return symbolicConditions;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region IAbstractDomainWithRenaming<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable,Expression>,Variable> Members

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Rename(Dictionary<Variable, FList<Variable>> renaming)
        {
            return RenameInternal(renaming, slackVar);
        }

        private SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> RenameInternal(Dictionary<Variable, FList<Variable>> renaming, Variable slackVar)
        {
            Contract.Requires(renaming != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);
            Contract.Ensures(renaming.Count == Contract.OldValue(renaming.Count));

            if (symbolicConditions.IsNormal())
            {
                renaming[slackVar] = FList<Variable>.Cons(slackVar, FList<Variable>.Empty);

                Set<Expression> result = new Set<Expression>();

                foreach (var exp in symbolicConditions.Values)
                {
                    result.AddIfNotNull(expressionRenamer(exp, renaming));
                }
                var renamedExpressions =
                  result.Count != 0 ?
                  new SetOfConstraints<Expression>(result, false) :
                  SetOfConstraints<Expression>.Unknown;

                renaming.Remove(slackVar);  // We should remove the slack variable!

                return new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(this.slackVar, symbolicConditions);
            }
            else
            {
                return this;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Abstract operations
        public bool LessEqual(SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);

            bool result;
            if (AbstractDomainsHelper.TryTrivialLessEqual(this, other, out result))
            {
                return result;
            }

            other = this.UnifySlackVariableWith(other);

            return symbolicConditions.LessEqual(other.symbolicConditions);
        }

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Bottom
        {
            get { return new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(default(Variable), SetOfConstraints<Expression>.Unreached); }
        }

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Top
        {
            get { return new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(default(Variable), SetOfConstraints<Expression>.Unknown); }
        }

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Join(SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> result;
            if (AbstractDomainsHelper.TryTrivialJoin(this, other, out result))
            {
                return result;
            }

            other = UnifySlackVariableWith(other);

            return new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(slackVar, symbolicConditions.Join(other.symbolicConditions));
        }

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Meet(SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> result;
            if (AbstractDomainsHelper.TryTrivialMeet(this, other, out result))
            {
                return result;
            }

            other = UnifySlackVariableWith(other);

            return new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(slackVar, symbolicConditions.Meet(other.symbolicConditions));
        }

        public SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> Widening(SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            return this.Join(other);
        }

        #endregion

        #region IAbstractDomain Members

        public bool IsBottom
        {
            get { return symbolicConditions.IsBottom; }
        }

        public bool IsTop
        {
            get { return symbolicConditions.IsTop; }
        }

        bool IAbstractDomain.LessEqual(IAbstractDomain a)
        {
            var other = a as SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(a != null);

            return this.LessEqual(other);
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Bottom
        {
            get { return this.Bottom; }
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Top
        {
            get { return this.Top; }
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Join(IAbstractDomain a)
        {
            var other = a as SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(a != null);

            return this.Join(other);
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Meet(IAbstractDomain a)
        {
            var other = a as SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(a != null);

            return this.Meet(other);
        }

        IAbstractDomain IAbstractDomain.Widening(IAbstractDomain prev)
        {
            var other = prev as SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>;
            Contract.Assume(prev != null);

            return this.Widening(other);
        }

        public T To<T>(IFactory<T> factory)
        {
            return symbolicConditions.To(factory);
        }

        #endregion

        #region ICloneable Members

        object ICloneable.Clone()
        {
            return this;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Utils

        private SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> UnifySlackVariableWith(SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression> other)
        {
            Contract.Requires(other != null);
            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>>() != null);

            if (!other.IsNormal() || object.Equals(other.slackVar, slackVar))
            {
                return other;
            }

            var result = new Set<Expression>();
            foreach (var exp in other.symbolicConditions.Values)
            {
                result.AddIfNotNull(variableReplacer(exp, other.slackVar, slackVar));
            }

            return result.Count != 0 ?
              new SymbolicExpressionTracker<Variable, Expression>(slackVar, new SetOfConstraints<Expression>(result, false)) :
              this.Top;
        }

        #endregion

        #region ToString

        public override string ToString()
        {
            if (this.IsBottom)
                return "_|_";

            if (this.IsTop)
                return "Top";

            return string.Format("({0} -> {1})",
              slackVar != null ? slackVar.ToString() : "null", symbolicConditions.ToString());
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom
60th Celebration of First Laser
Colin N. Danson, Malcolm White, John R. M. Barr, Thomas Bett, Peter Blyth, David Bowley, Ceri Brenner, Robert J. Collins, Neal Croxford, A. E. Bucker Dangor, Laurence Devereux, Peter E. Dyer, Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw, Christopher B. Edwards, Paul Ewart, Allister I. Ferguson, John M. Girkin, Denis R. Hall, David C. Hanna, Wayne Harris, David I. Hillier, Christopher J. Hooker, Simon M. Hooker, Nicholas Hopps, Janet Hull, David Hunt, Dino A. Jaroszynski, Mark Kempenaars, Helmut Kessler, Sir Peter L. Knight, Steve Knight, Adrian Knowles, Ciaran L. S. Lewis, Ken S. Lipton, Abby Littlechild, John Littlechild, Peter Maggs, Graeme P. A. Malcolm, OBE, Stuart P. D. Mangles, William Martin, Paul McKenna, Richard O. Moore, Clive Morrison, Zulfikar Najmudin, David Neely, Geoff H. C. New, Michael J. Norman, Ted Paine, Anthony W. Parker, Rory R. Penman, Geoff J. Pert, Chris Pietraszewski, Andrew Randewich, Nadeem H. Rizvi, Nigel Seddon, MBE, Zheng-Ming Sheng, David Slater, Roland A. Smith, Christopher Spindloe, Roy Taylor, Gary Thomas, John W. G. Tisch, Justin S. Wark, Colin Webb, S. Mark Wiggins, Dave Willford, Trevor Winstone
Journal: High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 9 / 2021
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 April 2021, e18
The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T. H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials, operating at different wavelengths. In the UK, academia, industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications. This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology, the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.
Rechtskultur in Russland: Tradition und Wandel. Ed. Otto Luchterhandt. Recht in Ostmittel-, Südost- und Osteuropa/GUS, no. 18. Münster: Lit Verlag, 2011. 396 pp. Notes. Tables. €54.90, hard bound.
Peter B. Maggs
Journal: Slavic Review / Volume 72 / Issue 2 / Summer 2013
Print publication: Summer 2013
The Judiciary in Central and Eastern Europe: Mechanical Jurisprudence in Transformation. By Zdeněk Kühn. Law in Eastern Europe, no. 61. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2011. xxii, 311 pp. Notes. Index. Tables. $178.95, hard bound.
Journal: Slavic Review / Volume 71 / Issue 4 / Winter 2012
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017, p. 936
Print publication: Winter 2012
Briefer Notice
Journal: American Journal of International Law / Volume 104 / Issue 2 / April 2010
Free Legal Advice on the Internet
Journal: International Journal of Legal Information / Volume 34 / Issue 3 / Winter 2006
On numerous online discussion forums in various countries, ordinary people pose specific legal questions and both ordinary people and lawyers answer them. This article considers this new and rapidly growing method of providing legal advice. It emphasizes qualitative over quantitative issues. It seeks to answer questions such as "What kind of questions are being asked?"; "What sort of people are giving legal advice?", "What sort of people are getting legal advice?". For those few legal systems that I know something about, I also have considered the question, "How good is the advice?" This is a comparative study, involving discussion forums for Armenian, Australian, Austrian, Brazilian, Canadian, Croatian, English, French, German, Italian, Moldovan, Portuguese, Russian, Scots, Spanish, Swiss, Ukrainian, United Kingdom, and United States law.
Ruling Russia: Law, Crime, and Justice in a Changing Society. Ed. William Alex Pridemore. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. xii, 325 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Figures. Tables. $85.00, hard bound.
Journal: Slavic Review / Volume 65 / Issue 3 / Fall 2006
Print publication: Fall 2006
Gordon B. Smith, Reforming the Russian Legal System, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xiii + 311. $59.95 cloth; $21.95 paper (ISBN 0-521-45052-7; ISBN 0-521-45669-X).
Journal: Law and History Review / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / Fall 1998
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 October 2011, pp. 607-608
Legal Data Banks in the United States and Their Use in Comparative Law
Wonderfull many places, in the Ciuile law, require an expert Arithmeticien, to vnderstand the deepe Iudgment, & Iust determinatiô of the Auncient Romaine Lawmakers. But much more expert ought he to be, who should be hable, to decide with æquitie, the infinite varietie of Cases, which do, or may happen, under every one of those lawes and ordinances Ciuile. Hereby, easely, ye may now coniecture: that in the Canon law; and in the laws of the Realme (which with vs, beare the chief Authoritie), Iustice and equity might be greatly preferred, and skilfully executed, through due skill of Arithmetike, and proportions appertainyng.
John Dee The Mathematical Præface to the Elements of Geometrie of Euclid of Megara (1570), at [12].
International Standard Contracts: The Price of Fairness. By Antonio Boggiano. Graham & Trotman/Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht; Boston; London: 1991. Pp. IX, 339. Dfl 225.00; US $135.00; UK £85,00.
Journal: International Journal of Legal Information / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / Summer 1992
Suverenitetŭt v sŭvremennoto mezhdunarodno pravo i sŭtrudnichestvoto mezhdu dŭrzhavite (Sovereignty in International Law and Cooperation between States). By Dencho Georgiev. (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bulgarskata Akademiia na naukite, 1990. Pp. 104. lv. 1.14.)
Journal: American Journal of International Law / Volume 86 / Issue 2 / April 1992
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017, p. 438
Participation of States in International Contracts and Arbitral Settlement of Disputes. By Esa Paasivirta. Helsinki: Finnish Lawyers' Publishing Company, 1990. Pp. xxiii, 357. US $54.00 (paperbound).
Perestroika and International Law. Current Anglo-Soviet Approaches to International Law. Edited by Anthony Carty and Gennady Danilenko. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990. Pp. ix, 231. Index. £30.
Journal: American Journal of International Law / Volume 85 / Issue 4 / October 1991
The Post-Containment Handbook. Key Issues in U.S.-Soviet Economic Relations. Edited by Robert Cullen. (Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford: Westview Press, 1990. Pp. xii, 227. $39.95.)
Quantitative Analyses of Law: A Comparative Empirical Study: Sources of Law in Eastern and Western Europe. Edited by Heinz Schäffer and Attila Rácz, in collaboration with Barbara RHODE, for the European Coordination Centre for Research and Documentation in the Social Sciences. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1990. Pp. 404. US$38.00 (hardbound).
Marie-Louise H. Bernal, Peter B. Maggs
Pravno regulisanje medjunarodne trgovine kafom (Legal Regulation of International Trade in Coffee). By Miodrag Sukijasović. Belgrade, 1989. Pp. 303. English Summary.
Journal: American Journal of International Law / Volume 85 / Issue 1 / January 1991
Print publication: January 1991
Arbitration in the Soviet Union. By William E. Butler. New York, London, Rome: Oceana Publications, 1989. US$75.00 (hardbound).
The Political and Legal Framework of Trade Relations Between the European Community and Eastern Europe. Edited by Marc Maresceau. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989. Pp. xiv, 351. Dfl. 135.00; US$72.50; UK£42.00 (hardbound).
Journal: International Journal of Legal Information / Volume 18 / Issue 1 / Spring 1990
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2019, pp. 90-91
Print publication: Spring 1990
Međunarodno pravo mora i izvori međunarodnog prava (The International Law of the Sea and the Sources of International Law). By Vladimir-Đuro Degan. Zagreb: Informator, 1989. Pp. xii, 193. Index.
Knowledge Based Systems in Law; In Search of Methodologies and Tools. by A. W. Koers, D. Kracht, M. Smith, J.M. Smits, and M.C.M. Weusten. Deventer & Boston: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1989. Pp. x, 191.
Advanced Topics of Law and Information Technology. Edited by G.P.V. Vandenberghe. Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1989. Pp. xii, 260. Dfl. 135.00; UK£43.75; US$65.00 (paperbound).


text:
Home/Officially/About the Principality of Monaco/Princely digest: World AIDS Day and Highlights from the National Day of Monaco
Princely digest: World AIDS Day and Highlights from the National Day of Monaco
4 December , 2016
The past week was not very intensive in terms of events in the princely family. Nevertheless, we have something to tell you about the ruling family.
Princess Stéphanie Presents Eight Quilts for World AIDS Day
S.A.S. Princess Stéphanie, Founding President of Fight Aids Monaco (FAM), presented eight memorial quilts in the Conference Hall of the Oceanographic Museum on Monday, the 28th of November.
Inspired by the movement "Aids Memorial Quilt" born in San Francisco in 1985, the quilts pay tribute and carry the names of 72 victims of the disease.
"This is a high point in the life of the association,"said Hervé Aeschbach, coordinator of Fight Aids Monaco. "First for the preparation of quilts, where volunteers work to draw, sew, assemble. There are many hours of work, in which everyone talks about the people they honour. And then today, the presentation of quilts to the public is the second high point. Some of these 16-m2 works will be exhibited at the Ministry of State, the National Council or the Technical and Hotel School."
The quilts pay tribute and carry the names of 72 victims of the disease
In an interview Princess Stéphanie said, that is very emotional. They were there to remember those who died in physical suffering and often in mental suffering, abandonment, isolated. They showed them that day that they were there, they support without judging them. Even if they are no longer on this earth. It is important to take action because, nowadays, no one does anything in the neighbouring countries, we talk a little on TV, and that's it. HIV is a forgotten cause. Monaco is a small country but it does much more than large countries in terms of information, awareness, education. And today is made to remember that HIV exists, that HIV kills, every day, regardless of social class, religion, ethnicity or skin color.
Highlights from the National Day of Monaco
Re-discover some the highlights from Monaco's National Day, 2016, with these photographs. The photos depict the family presenting gifts to the Red Cross on Thursday, the 17th of November, HSH Princess Charlene and Hereditary Prince Jacques visiting the Frigate of the French National Navy "Le Guépratte" on Friday, the 18th of November and celebrations at the palace and on the square on the 19th of November.
Monaco's National Day, 2016
The Princely family presents gifts to the Red Cross on Thursday, the 17th of November
Prince Jacques visits the Frigate of the French National Navy "Le Guépratte" on Friday, the 18th of November
National Day celebrations at the palace
National Day celebrations on the square on the 19th of November
Beatrice Borromeo's Baby Bump
Pregnant Beatrice Borromeo was seen out and about with her friends in Milan, Italy.
Pregnant Beatrice Borromeo
On November 27th, she tweeted two photographs of her in a wedding dress, with the caption "When it was still a work in progress! #Armani."
Beatrice Borromeo in a wedding Armani dress
The Prince and Stephanie
At the Meridien Hotel, the Art Works auctions are being held in support of the Fight Aids Monaco Association.
The Prince and Stephanie at the Meridien Hotel, the Art Works auctions are being held in support of the Fight Aids Monaco Association.
And at the and of the week – surprise!
Prince Albert II visited the Christmas village on Saturday afternoon. Joined by Princess Charlene, the Crown Prince Jacques and Princess Gabriella, Prince inaugurated the village opening and kids took a few rides!
Christmas Traditions in Monaco
24 December , 2018
Why Monaco Should Be on Your Bucket List
19 April , 2018
Monaco Gastronomy: blend of traditions, accidents and talents
Did you know that…? Celebrities and famous Monaco guests
Did you know that…? Aviation pioneers of Monaco
Monaco's State structure
Welcome to Monaco, or general information about Monaco


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Summer is a great time to get out and enjoy all the fun activities. I grew up learning to ski and hanging out at the pool/beach/or lake. Having that love for the water, I have worked hard to instill those fun experience on my children. And it has worked, they love the water and all water sports. So when we recently were looking to trade in our old runabout boat, my kids wanted up to look into a boat that could do it all, wakeboarding, skiing, and a new watersport wake surfing.
Wake surfing is when you ride on a smaller version of a surfing board on the perfect wave created by a wake boat. We recently purchased a Malibu Wakesetter will all the bells and whistles (all most too much technology). The boat creates the wave and the ride who is holding a rope simply stands up, finds their balance and rides the wave. The boat is going at a speed of about 10mph compared to water skiing which is 35 mph.
Wake surfing is much easier on your back, knees, and calves, concentrating more on balance. Most of the hard work is done by the boat itself. It is much easier to get up wake surfing and stay on the board longer because the boat is not going fast (about 10 mph) and less pressure on back, knees, and other muscles. Unlike water skiing where the boat pulls you up, wake surfing you basically just stand up once you feel the boat move and the wave is created. Once you are up, you get your balance, feel the rhythm of the wave, you can toss the rope back, and surf away.
Don't be afraid to try something new. I am learning home much I enjoy kayaking, paddleboard, ziplining, biking. Working hard to stay active and loving it!