text:
Nature of the Bonding in C2/Ti2, N2/V2, Cr2 and related species.
Henry S. Rzepa
Department of Chemistry, Imperial college London
This short tutorial presents an analysis of the bonding in some simple diatomic species, contrasting the behaviour of these species deriving from the main group elements of the periodic table and the corresponding transition series.
Dicarbon and Dititanium
Titanium and carbon are related by virtue of their relationship in the periodic table; carbon occupies the main group and titanium the same position in the transition series. Each has four valence electrons, but when these are combined to form bonds, they achieve rather different results.
Atomic carbon is usually said to organise its valence electrons into a 2s22p12p12p0 configuration, which gives total of eight electrons (for two atoms). Symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of the (doubly occupied) pure 2s atomic orbitals (AOs) would result in a bonding and antibonding σ-combination of molecular orbitals, both doubly occupied and the resulting bond orders of which would exactly cancel. The two singly occupied 2p orbitals overlap in parallel fashion to form two bonding doubly occupied π molecular orbitals which contribute a net bond order of two. This gives us the (text book) picture of predicting a total bond order of 2 for this molecule (which is nevertheless unusual, in having only π bonds, with no underlying σ bond).
However, another way thinking about it is to start from a 2s12p12p12p1 atomic orbital configuration. Whilst this (initially) takes a little more energy, it is hoped this energy will be (more than) recovered in any eventual molecular orbitals formed by combining the AOs. Firstly a bonding orbital is formed by end-on (σ) overlap of (mostly) the (singly occupied) 2s atomic orbitals, Two equal (degenerate) molecular orbitals are formed by parallel (π) overlap of two of the 2px/y orbitals on each atom. The remaining 2pz1 orbital starts to overlap end-on. This is where things start to get less simple.
Dicarbon, with triple bond, comprising:
Two bonding 2pπ (parallel p)
Non-bonding 2pσ (end-on p)
One Bonding 2sσ
Dititanium, with quadruple bond, comprising:
One Bonding 3dδ (parallel d)
Two bonding 3dπ (end-on d)
The end-on overlap is shown in Scheme 1, in which the two 2p orbitals are shown vertically offset for clarity. In 1 the two pz orbitals approach out of phase. As the two opposite phases begin to interact (2) they eventually get close enough that the two out-of-phase lobes overlap maximally, and hence 3 would correspond to an anti-bonding overlap. But, as the two AOs get even closer (4) a new in-phase overlap begins to neutralise the original out-of-phase overlap until in 5 they are more or less balanced. You could perform this exercise starting from an initial in-phase approach, but the end result would be the same. At this point (5) we have a non-bonding orbital! If the (2s) σ bonding orbital is added to the two (2p) π bond orders, the overall bond order reaches 3! (albeit a situation rarely if ever shown in text books). Clearly, its not quite as simple as that, since one must also superimpose upon this picture some degree of s/p hybridisation (which in effect mixes the two starting atomic configurations to achieve something in between, in the trade this is known as a multi-reference configuration), and obviously the final bond length between the two carbon atoms determines the degree of overlap. Needless to say, when a full quantum-mechanical calculation is done to calculate all these effects, the net result is something close to a predicted triple rather than a double bond for C2!
Titanium plays the same game, this time starting from an atomic electronic configuration of 4s13d13d13d1. Now each of the single electrons can pair up (yes you guessed, we are forming a singlet state here, see below for a reality check!) to form only a bonding interaction. Firstly the two 4s1 electrons pair up to form a single σ bond. Next two of the 3d1 d-orbitals overlap "end-on" to form two "π" bonds formed by d-orbitals. Unlike the end-on overlap of the (non-bonding) 2p orbitals in C2, this combination is strongly bonding. The final 3d1 orbital on each atom now overlaps in parallel fashion to form a final so-called δ bond. The overall bond order is four, i.e.. a quadruple bond, a higher order than with singlet C2 due to the difference in nodal properties between the carbon 2pz and the titanium 3d atomic orbitals.
Reality Check: Of course, Ti2 as a real species does not actually have a quadruple bond (and a singlet ground state). In fact, it forms a high spin triplet state, where two of the electrons uncouple their spins, with a corresponding decrease in the bond order from four to three. The real C2 molecule is however a singlet ground state, i.e.. all the electrons are spin paired; the unpaired triplet state being somewhat higher in energy.
Dinitrogen and Divanadium
These two elements also have the same periodic table relationship. The nitrogen atom really does have an atomic configuration of 2s22p12p12p1. Here, the 2s/2p mixing is much less than with carbon (due to the greater energy difference between the two) and the (mostly) 2s orbitals combine to form bonding and anti-bonding combinations, both of which are populated with 2 electrons each. This results in a zero combined bond order (unlike dicarbon where this combination overall results in a bond order of 1). Each of the three (mostly) 2p orbitals form bonding combinations of one in-phase end-on σ overlap and two π type overlaps, and the six electrons populating these result in a total bond order of 3, but now originating in a rather different way than that of carbon.
Vanadium has an atomic configuration of 4s13d13d13d13d 1. Two of the d AOs overlap in parallel fashion to form two δ bonds. The 4s orbitals overlap to form a σ bond and the last two π bonds form by end-on d-overlap. Thus the complete absence of the 2s bonding/antibonding cancellation takes the V2 bond order to five!
V2 also does not actually have a pentuple bond, since like Ti2, the ground state is a triplet species and not a singlet.
Nitrogen, with triple bond, comprising:
One Bonding 2pσ (end-on p)
Divanadium, with pentuple bond, comprising:
Two Bonding 3dδ (parallel d)
Onwards to Dichromium
Dichromium, with hextuple bond, comprising:
One bonding 3dσ (end-on dz2)
Yes, you guessed it, Cr2 continues the trend of Ti2 and V2 in having a hextuple bond. If atomic chromium is considered as having the configuration 4s13d13d13d13d 13d1, the resulting bonds comprise one σ bond formed from the 4s orbitals, two π and two δ bonds formed by respectively end-on and parallel overlap of the d-orbitals, and (additional to V) a σ bond formed by end-on overlap of the dz2 orbital. This time, the ground state really is a closed shell low spin singlet. Despite the remarkable bond order, it has a relatively weak bond strength of about 33 kcal/mol! In effect, all those twelve electrons crammed into the small diatomic region do not result in strong bonds.
A Closer and perhaps different look at C2, N2 and other species.
Another way of looking at the bonding in C2 is to transform the molecular orbitals to so-called localised orbitals. The following diagrams illustrate such orbitals transformed according to a scheme proposed by Pipek and Mezey. Two localised orbitals for dicarbon appear essentially identical to the molecular orbitals and correspond to the orthogonal π orbitals. The two end-on molecular orbitals jointly transform to two (identical) localised orbitals (unlike the MOs which are different), each having significant density in the C-C region (i.e.. each of these localised orbitals contributes about half a bond order). This is another way of achieving the quantum mechanical sp hybridisation referred to above.
Pipek-Mezey Localised orbitals
Two π
Two σ
One σ
Boron B22-
Nitrogen N22+
Contrast this with nitrogen. The two π orbitals are the same as before, but now there are two end-on (again identical) σ localised orbitals which consist mostly of 2s character, neither of which shows any bonding in the N-N region (this is equivalent to saying that doubly occupied bonding and anti-bonding 2s combinations cancel). This situation corresponds to the 2s22p12p12p0 atomic configuration discussed for carbon; it is favoured because the greater electronegativity of N means an electron prefers the 2s to a 2p orbital, i.e.. The greater nuclear charge on nitrogen differentiates more effectively between 2s and 2p atomic orbitals. Unlike carbon, nitrogen has a third occupied 2pz1 atomic orbital, which forms a localised and clearly bonding orbital of largely 2p end-on character. Because of the greater nuclear charge on N, the 2p atomic orbital is also rather "smaller" than that for carbon, and so the onset of non-bonding character which could arise when two of them overlap end on (scheme 1 above) is less advanced for N. The effect however can be detected, since the resulting N-N bond length is actually rather longer than it ought to be (despite often being cited as the strongest bond). If N2 is protonated to form a diazonium ion, HN2+, the N-N bond length actually shrinks because the H+ polarises the 2pz orbital, making the σ-bond stronger (this now is the record holder for bond strength!).
Going in the opposite direction, boron (as B- to make it isoelectronic with C) would be expected to increase the 2s/2p mixing because of the smaller nuclear charge (i.e.. favouring even more the 2s12p12p12p1 configuration). Thus the corresponding 2spz end on orbital for the molecule B22- (which is isoelectronic with C2) is now bonding rather than non-bonding, and the two resulting localised orbitals each contribute almost a whole single bond order rather than around half. This little molecule has a total predicted bond order of four (two π, two σ), although perversely the B-B bond length is actually longer than the C-C length.
Moving back to N22+, the positive charge has the effect of further contracting the size of the valence atomic orbitals. Perhaps the 2pz orbital is so small that it too avoids the non-bonding region (Scheme 1). At any rate, this molecule too has a total predicted bond order of around 4 (and that too has not made it into the text books!).
Gutsev, Gennady L.; Bauschlicher, Charles W. Chemical Bonding, Electron Affinity, and Ionization Energies of the Homonuclear 3d Metal Dimers. Journal of Physical Chemistry A (2003), 107(23), 4755-4767.
Barden, Christopher J.; Rienstra-Kiracofe, Jonathan C.; Schaefer, Henry F., III. Homonuclear 3d transition-metal diatomics: A systematic density functional theory study. Journal of Chemical Physics (2000), 113(2), 690-700.
Viewing the orbitals
To demonstrate the 3D nature of these orbitals, each thumbnail image above is linked to a 3DMF file. To view these orbital models, you will need a 3DMF viewer such as 3DMFPlugin (a browser plugin), 3DMF Optimizer or Geo3D (Macintosh applications) or 3DMF Viewer for Windows.
Windows Users
Windows users must follow this procedure
install the QuickDraw3D libraries from Apple
Download this plugin
Unzip the contents of NPQuick3D32.ZIP and copy the single file (npquick3.dll) to the plugins directory of your browser. The path to this will be something like C:\Program files\Mozilla\Plugins. We recommend a browser such as Mozilla or FireFox. Internet Explorer no longer supports such plugins, and should not be used for this purpose.
(C) H. S. Rzepa, 2004.


Mortal Kombat 11, the latest entry in the popular fighting game series, was officially announced at the 2018 Game Awards. The release is scheduled for April 23, 2019 for PlayStation 4, XBox One, Nintendo Switch, and PC. More below in the press release, and you can view the Mortal Kombat 11 Announce Trailer as well.
Check all that out, and look to PS Nation for more details as they come.
Burbank, Calif. – Dec. 6, 2018 – Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment today announced Mortal Kombat 11, the newest game in the award-winning franchise. The official Mortal Kombat 11 Announce Trailer sets the stage for an epic, time bending story and features an original music track created in collaboration with multi-platinum selling rapper 21 Savage. Mortal Kombat 11 is developed by award-winning NetherRealm Studios and is scheduled for release beginning April 23, 2019 for PlayStation®4 computer entertainment system, PlayStation®4 Pro computer entertainment system, the Xbox One family of devices including the Xbox One X, Nintendo Switch™ system and PC.
Posted by: John Payant on December 7, 2018.


text:
When the storm subsides: what happened to grassroots initiatives assisting refugees?
By Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert Posted on May 28, 2021
Back in 2015, cardboard placards bearing the words 'Refugees Welcome' that were shown in public spaces became an important way for ordinary European citizens to demonstrate solidarity with refugees and other migrants arriving en masse in Europe at the time. Citizen-led initiatives staffed by volunteers mushroomed, providing crucial assistance to refugees when humanitarian organisations were surprised and overwhelmed. But has something changed over the years as the amount of refugees entering Europe became smaller? What happened to these smaller grassroots initiatives as state and professional humanitarian actors gradually took over?
The arrival of migrants to Europe during the summer of 2015 and in the succeeding months saw massive political attention and media coverage at the time due to the sheer scale of the influx. Also remarkable was the widespread mobilisation of volunteers who helped refugees during and after their arduous journeys. Besides those initiatives led by civil society networks, many of the volunteers were ordinary citizens who had never or rarely been involved in volunteer initiatives before. They mobilised across Europe to provide basic assistance to refugees traversing Europe in a number of ways, for example in the form of food, shelter, clothes, access to Wi-Fi, and access to electrical outlets for charging mobile phones.
As the number of people wanting to help grew rapidly, it became necessary to organise volunteers and create structures. And so a flurry of new organisations arose in 2015 in Greece, the north of France around Calais, as well as in Paris – and basically in most of the European countries receiving an increased number of refugees between 2015 and 2016. Yet, as government policies on migration became increasingly strict and as fewer refugees arrived – at least to other European countries than Greece, where those who've made it there have mostly been stuck – what has become of these initiatives?
Following two of the main Norwegian volunteer initiatives created in 2015 can give us an insight into different paths some of these organisations have taken. Refugees Welcome Norway (RWN) and A Drop in the Ocean (Dråpen i Havet – DiH ) are two initiatives who took quite different paths, with one assisting refugees arriving in Norway and the other one organising volunteers to go help in Greece. Refugees Welcome Norway became the umbrella organisation for most of the spontaneous volunteer efforts that popped up, first in Oslo, and then across several other cities in Norway. It took its name from other similar organisations that were being formed in Germany and most other European countries at the time.
A Drop in the Ocean was created by a Norwegian woman with personal connections to Greece and who had jumped on the first possible plane to Athens in late August 2015 after having grown increasingly frustrated following radio debates on exactly what number of refugees Norway might take in. She saw many others wanting to follow suit. The initiative quickly started attracting many more volunteers, first from Norway, and then from a range of other countries as well, who wanted to go to Greece and "do something" to help the refugees arriving there. Over the years, it has become a rather well-respected NGO among those organisations doing humanitarian work on the Greek mainland and islands.
Fewer refugees arriving and other actors taking over
The context in which the two initiatives emerged changed over the next year – albeit in different ways. In Norway, fewer refugees arrived from 2016 onwards, primarily due to reinforced border controls, the returning of asylum seekers to Russia (who had crossed over to Norway at its northern border with Russia), and increased restrictions on family reunification. While RWN for a couple of weeks in August and September 2015 was busy providing basic assistance to those waiting in front of the police registration office, itself unprepared for these new arrivals, a new reception and registration office established by the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration by mid-October meant that immediate assistance became the responsibility of the state in collaboration with the Norwegian Red Cross.
In Greece, the situation changed in a different way: fewer refugees and other migrants arrived from March 2016 onwards following the entering into force of the EU-Turkey agreement – yet some boats still arrived in varying numbers in the subsequent years. More importantly, Greece's border to Europe was sealed off, and those having arrived on the islands were prevented from moving further. For the volunteers in place, the work shifted from reception on the beaches to working in the various 'camps' that had been established on the islands. While many more established humanitarian organisations by then had set up their own operations, DiH felt its support was still needed.
Two paths: a preparedness structure in case of a "next refugee crisis" and a professionalising humanitarian organisation
The two organisations developed in different ways over the years, both adapting to changing needs, as well as to varying levels of volunteer 'supply', yet both continuing to be characterised by volunteering, either as a political force for change or as individuals contributing to benevolent acts at different levels. As fewer migrants actually reached Norway, the then-leaders of RWN shifted their attention to political lobbying – notably against the government's forced returns of migrants to Russia. Others involved in RWN in 2015 and 2016 in the meantime launched other local initiatives, which can be read as direct spin-offs from the activities of RWN in the early days: from neighbourhood integration projects (offering the possibility to act as contact points for newly arrived refugees in volunteers' neighbourhoods) to a second-hand shop handing out clothes to those in need. Several key leaders of RWN also drew on the structure that had been established earlier, with local chapters emerging in multiple cities and common systems made ready to organise, recruit, and deploy volunteers should the number refugees and other migrants rise again.
DiH developed in a different way: it sought to develop itself into a professional humanitarian organisation, all the while not replicating the undesirable sides of the sector. The organisation in many ways sees itself as a reaction to these, i.e. to the formalised structures and bureaucracy plaguing professional humanitarian organisations. When I visited their facilities on the outskirts of Athens a few years ago, they would stress how DiH volunteers were directly interacting with the refugees, getting to know them, as opposed to officials of international organisations who were too busy with paperwork inside their bunker offices. DiH has also become more involved in political lobbying in recent years, in particular towards the Norwegian government and decision-makers, for example by organising awareness campaigns to draw attention to the dire conditions of refugees in the Moria camp and other similar places, or by pressuring Norway to accept more refugees from Greece.
What both organisations have had in common is a strong emphasis on their origins as "popular movements", based on a multitude of spontaneous desires to "do something" to help out. While formalising their structures, professionalising and adapting to changing needs, they continue to stress that it "should be easy to help". Both of them have also over these years developed new volunteer recruitment strategies designed precisely to continue to "make it easy", and to attract new volunteers when these were no longer coming in in large numbers.
Challenging humanitarian practices?
These benevolent acts can be understood both as emerging out of a desire or "need" to help fellow human beings in vulnerable situations (as such identifying primarily as humanitarian acts), as well as acts meant to protest against the non-action or insufficient response by the state and professional humanitarian organisations (as such self-defining as part of a broader social or political movement). Many initiatives started as the former, and evolved into the latter – with many of these volunteers arguing about the impossibility of remaining neutral and apolitical in the face of the injustices lived by the migrants. The intersection between humanitarian needs and protection needs, as well acts of helping out amidst state-led efforts to keep migrants away, makes this an interesting microcosm – also to study what is required for humanitarian aid to be precisely that – a humanitarianism based on humanity and impartiality. While most of the volunteer-based responses to the situation arising in 2015 have evolved into socially and politically engaged initiatives and have defined their actions as "humanitarian" to varying degrees, they nevertheless continue to challenge how humanitarian responses should be understood and practiced in highly politicised contexts.
This blog post is based on an article titled 'Making It "Easy to Help": The Evolution of Norwegian Volunteer Initiatives for Refugees' that was published in International Migration. The article can be accessed freely here.
Opinions do not necessarily reflect the views of the ISS or members of the Bliss team.
Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert is a Senior Researcher and Research Director at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), and co-Director of the Norwegian Centre for Humanitarian Studies (NCHS). She holds a PhD in International Relations and Political Science from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques (SciencesPo) in Paris. Maria's research focuses on humanitarian and security interfaces in the European borderlands, and how they mutually influence each other: from European migration and border management policies to humanitarian responses to the reception crises in countries like Greece, France and Norway. She has also worked extensively on the role of border surveillance technologies and Search and rescue efforts at sea.
Are you looking for more content about Global Development and Social Justice? Subscribe to Bliss, the official blog of the International Institute of Social Studies, and stay updated about interesting topics our researchers are working on.
Thanks for this blog. It is making a good point about the EU as a highly politicised (one might also add authoritarian) environment as far as migrants (all categories, from refugees to the undocumented) are concerned. Since at least 2016, criminalisation of rescue at sea has speeded up, with migrants in trouble outside Libyan waters forced back to Libya. Citizen support for refugees is growing, but citizens can be charged with smuggling following rescue operations to save lives at sea! From 'voluntary' returns from Libya to Sub-Saharan African countries, from EU deportations to Afghanistan, the EU plies its "partner" governments with aid, bribing them to take back their own unwanted exiles and migrants, often stuck in EU detention centres. The EU cannot look itself in the mirror, since it operates through violence, barely concealed by the language of aid and humanitarian law. Europe is more obviously today, red in tooth and claw, where migrants are concerned. Although the EU contracts most direct violence to partner countries, the self-image of Europe as composoed of safe spaces of refuge is often not compatible with local realities of EU external controls. Today it is Ceuta and Melila, another day Libya, next time in Lampedusa, but the cruelty is also visible in Northern Europe. Even the basis of law, the principle of rescue at sea, is under sustained attack. Thanks for hinting that the 'crimmigration' agenda is not based on humanitarian principles. Instead it is acting like the pandemic, through fear, to encourage all of us to close our front doors, drawing up our moats and arm ourselves against strangers. Truly, the Australian off-shore model is already happening in Europe. Your blog helped for me to confirm this. Thank you for such a thought-provoking piece!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The New York Times is now requiring registration to view content, it's still free once you register (for now), but not everyone will be willing to do that. This is not a cookie issue any longer, because until today, I was able to view content and submit articles with no issues. I did the free registration, and personally I have not tried bugmenot, nor did I ever need it, but not everyone will want to use that either just to read articles from this paper. So, no more NYT articles since posting the entire article for viewing here, is not an option. NYT is one of my favorite sources and since it's still free, I will still read the content, but I can't submit it any longer.
Just answer a few simple questions, select an ID and password, and you'll be all set.
I do know that in the past others had issues viewing content from there, but that was a cookie issue, and not a mandatory registration issue.
NYT is one of my favorite sources and since it's still free, I will still read the content, but I can't submit it any longer.
As I stated in another thread..Why pay for news when ya can get the same thing from another source ?
This is not a paywall issue, the content is still free, it just requires a registration to view it.
I happen to like many of the NYT articles, and they often have one of a kind articles that are not available elsewhere. They have some very good writers imo.
On Wednesday, New York Times chairman and publisher Arthur Sulzberger Jr. dealt Luddites a blow by admitting that eventually, the Gray Lady will exist only virtually.
Sulzberger made these remarks at the WAN-IFRA's 9th International Newsroom Summit, a conference being held yesterday and today in London. The publisher was there to deliver the keynote speech during a session about getting readers to pay for online content—the New York Times is slated to introduce a metered paywall on its website early next year.


The YouTuber, operating under the online handle Chaz, discovered a glitch that allowed him to travel through various walls and other barriers. At the start of The Division, the game notes that Central Park has become a mass burial site following the outbreak of the Dollar Flu.
In order to visit either Dewitt Park or Central Park, players need to travel to the Dante's Run Safe House in Hell's Kitchen and find a metal fence they can manipulate via a glitch by jumping at a certain angle. Doing so allows the player to pass through but the game repeatedly attempts to return the player to the map. In order to access both locations, you'll also need to overcome obstacles using the Mobile Cover and Ballistic Shield. This video will explain the process.
Ubisoft Massive has not yet confirmed plans to add new areas to New York as DLC in future and it's possible these areas are simply what's left of abandoned projects. Establishing a foundation for DLC locations and missions is becoming increasingly common in open-world games such as Destiny.
T1tKwr Pretty! This was an incredibly wonderful post. Thanks for providing this info.


text:
Kim Gamel The Associated Press
BAGHDAD, Iraq | The Iraqi president on Sunday sharply criticized the bipartisan U.S. report calling for a new approach to the war, saying it contained dangerous recommendations that would undermine his country's sovereignty and were "an insult to the people of Iraq."
President Jalal Talabani, a Kurd and one of the staunchest U.S. supporters within the Iraqi leadership, also said U.S. training of Iraq's army and police had gone "from failure to failure."
He criticized the recommendation by the Iraq Study Group calling for increasing the number of U.S. troops embedded with Iraqi units to train Iraq's forces from 3,000 to 4,000 currently to 10,000 to 20,000.
"It is not respecting the desire of the Iraqi people to control its army and to be able to rearm and train Iraqi forces under the leadership of the Iraqi government," he said during an interview with several reporters in his office in Baghdad.
Talabani was the most senior government official to take a stand against the report, which has also come under sharp criticism from American conservatives who claim it amounts to a veiled surrender in the war against terror.
Outgoing Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, in a surprise farewell visit to U.S. troops in Iraq this weekend, said the consequences of the war's failure would be "unacceptable."
"We feel great urgency to protect the American people from another 9/11 or a 9/11 times two or three. At the same time, we need to have the patience to see this task through to success. The consequences of failure are unacceptable," Rumsfeld said at Asad air base in western Iraq. "The enemy must be defeated."
Talabani said the Iraqi government planned to send a letter to President Bush "expressing our views about the main issues" in the report. He would not elaborate.
"I believe that President George Bush is a brave and committed man and he is adamant to support the Iraqi government until they've reached success," Talabani said. He said setting conditions was "an insult to the people of Iraq."
Talabani's criticism of U.S. training was directed at a key part of the study group's recommendation, which called for accelerated training of Iraqi forces and the withdrawal of most U.S. combat troops by the first quarter of 2008.
Some U.S. military experts have expressed concern that Iraqi forces will not be ready to assume full responsibility for the fighting by then. However, opposition to the war is rising within the United States, increasing pressure on Bush to shift strategy.
A roadside bomb killed one U.S. soldier and wounded another Sunday west of Baghdad, the military said. The death raised to 43 the number of troops who have died this month and pushed the total U.S. military death toll to 2,931 since the war started nearly four years ago.
Talabani said the 2008 date was realistic if the Iraqi government is given more responsibility for security.
"If we can agree with the U.S. government to give us the right of organizing, training, arming our armed forces, it will be possible in 2008 (for U.S.-led forces) to start to leave Iraq and to go back home," he said.
"If you read this report, one would think that it is written for a young, small colony that they are imposing these conditions on," Talabani said. "We are a sovereign country."
He also pointed to the report's call for the approval of a law that would allow thousands of officials from Saddam Hussein's ousted Baath party to return to their jobs.
Meanwhile, sectarian violence raged on the streets of Baghdad on Sunday, with a fresh outburst of retaliatory attacks and clashes between Shiites and Sunnis. At least 83 people were killed or found dead throughout the country, including 59 bullet-riddled bodies that turned up in Baghdad.
Late Saturday, gunmen attacked two Shiite homes in western Baghdad, killing nine men and seriously wounding another, police said. Nobody claimed responsibility for the attack, which police said occurred in the mostly Sunni Arab al-Jihad neighborhood, but it apparently was in retaliation for a bold assault earlier in the day against Sunnis.
Witnesses said Shiite militiamen entered a Sunni enclave in Hurriyah -- a predominantly Shiite neighborhood -- after Sunnis warned the few Shiites living there to leave or be killed. Heavy machine gun fire was heard on Saturday and three columns of black smoke rose into the sky, the witnesses said on condition of anonymity, also out of concern for their own safety.
Baghdad has been suffering from a series of attacks aimed at driving Sunnis or Shiites out of neighborhoods of the capital where they form a minority. Omar Abdul-Sattar, a member of the Sunni Arab Iraqi Islamic Party, said Sunday that an organized effort was under way in Hurriyah to force Sunnis out, and he accused Iraq's Shiite-led government of doing little to stop the violence.
Abdul-Sattar claimed that during the past five months, more than 300 Sunni families have been displaced from Hurriyah, more than 100 Sunnis killed and 200 wounded, and at least five Sunni mosques burned, along with houses and shops.
Clashes also erupted between Sunni and Shiite militants in Baghdad's mixed western Amil district, a policeman said. One Shiite militiaman was killed and six people -- five Sunnis and one Shiite -- were wounded, the officer said on condition of anonymity because he is not authorized to talk to the media.
The fighting ended with U.S. and Iraqi forces rushing to the area to contain it, he said.
Rumsfeld, casually dressed in a gray jacket and an open-collar shirt, traveled to several different U.S. bases in the country on Sunday, shaking hands and joking with troops.
"For the past six years, I have had the opportunity and, I would say, the privilege, to serve with the greatest military on the face of the Earth," Rumsfeld said to more than 1,200 soldiers and Marines at al-Asad, a sprawling air base in western Anbar province, an insurgent stronghold.
Rumsfeld did not meet with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki during his visit. He kept the trip low-profile, with his office declining to discuss his itinerary or schedule in detail for security reasons. He returned to Washington Sunday night, Pentagon spokesman Eric Ruff said.
The Associated Presss Thomas Wagner and Qassim Abdul-Zahra in Baghdad, Will Weissert at al-Asad and AP military writer Robert Burns in Washington contributed to this report.


standard light socket size light bulb socket sizes chart light bulb socket sizes chart shapes and types 1 latest photo light bulb socket sizes standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size standard light socket size what is standard light bulb socket size best of porcelain light socket vintage chandelier parts hurricane standard us light regular light socket s.
standard light socket size standard light bulb socket size best of light bulb letter and number codes incandescent light bulb socket sizes.
standard light socket size regular light bulb size led light bulb for size light bulb socket size adapter regular light socket size.
standard light socket size light bulb base types com with socket plan standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size flood light bulb sizes standard light socket size lighting halogen flood light bulb sizes indoor flood flood light bulb sizes standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size standard light socket size standard to converter adapter to converter dimension size socket standard light socket standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size standard light socket size fat bytes standard light socket size standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size standard light bulb base size standard light bulb base light bulb socket types standard automotive bulb standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size light bulb base size standard light socket size lamp socket base sizes full image for candelabra light bulb base size standard light bulb base size standard light socket siz.
standard light socket size light bulb for ceiling fan ceiling fans with standard light bulbs remarkable breeze lite 8 5 standard us light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size flood light bulb sizes standard light bulb base size standard lamp socket size amazing lamp socket standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size standard light socket size 3 gang cover plate drawing single gang cover plate drawing standard us standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size standard light bulb base size chandelier bulb base size large size of watt led chandelier light standard light bulb base size standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size regular light bulb base types of light bulb bases regular light regular light socket size.
standard light socket size ceiling fan light bulb socket size standard light bulb size regular light bulb size bay ceiling regular light socket size.
standard light socket size standard light bulb base light bulb socket sizes chart a 4 pin 1 plug in base standard light regular light socket size.
standard light socket size type c light bulb standard light bulb size light bulb base types lamp base types hanging lamps lamp sockets regular light socket size.
standard light socket size standard light bulb sizes full size of ceiling fan bulbs ceiling fans with regular light bulbs standard light bulb sizes standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size standard light bulb size standard light bulb socket size unique bulb size standard light bulb size standard light bulb size standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size light bulb size lamp base chart standard sizes medium image for modern fluorescent socket regular light socket size.
standard light socket size ceiling fan light bulb socket size standard ceiling fan ceiling fan light bulb socket size home incandescent light bulb socket sizes.
standard light socket size lamp socket base sizes lovely what is standard light bulb socket size and bulb size light standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size light bulb socket sizes chart what is the dard base screw size incandescent light bulb socket sizes.
standard light socket size standard light bulb socket size standard light socket size picture description of variation in light bulb standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size light bulb bases sizes light bulb base sizes light bulb socket sizes chart light bulb base standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size light standard us light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size what is the base size of a standard light bulb large socket sizes chart household s standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size what standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size light bulb socket sizes chart standard light bulb size regular light bulb base standard light bulb light bulb socket sizes standard us light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size what incandescent light bulb socket sizes.
standard light socket size standard light bulb socket size standard light bulb base size learn about all the different types standard us light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size what is standard light bulb socket size new flame effect led light bulb updated downward and upward fire regular light socket size.
standard light socket size what is standard light bulb socket size lovely porcelain light socket vintage chandelier parts hurricane standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size standard light socket size compact fluorescent pl t base diagram bulb sizes chart us lamp standard light bulb socket standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size what is the base size of a standard light bulb socket sizes chart contemporary gorgeous design light socket sizes bulb standard standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size standard us light bulb base standard light bulb socket size standard lamp socket size interior medium regular light socket size.
standard light socket size standard light bulb base size standard lamp socket size light standard light bulb base size us standard light bulb base size standard us light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size standard light bulb socket size standard light socket size standard lamp socket size light standard us standard light socket size canada.
standard light socket size light incandescent light bulb socket sizes.
standard light socket size standard light bulb socket size standard light bulb socket standard medium light socket extender adjuster for standard light bulb socket size standard light socket size cana.
standard light socket size lamp bulb socket types inspirational light sizes chart excerpt standard base size regular light socket size.
standard light socket size light bulb socket sizes chart standard light socket size light bulb socket sizes chart large size light bulb socket sizes standard light bulb socket size.
standard light socket size types of light bulb sockets type of light bulb bases light bulb base sizes standard lamp types of light bulb sockets standard light socket size canada.


This can be instrumental in creating a optimistic Studying working experience considering the fact that The author you choose will converse principles as part of your paper that you need to understand in planning for term-finish or yr-conclude exams.
Chegg is one of the primary companies of engineering help for school and high school pupils. Get help and qualified responses for your toughest engineering issues.
Studies Homework Help is amongst the vital prerequisites for all College students who are pursuing programs in Arithmetic and Studies. Our motto is straightforward, We have confidence in providing very best quality to our customers and we promise that once a customer utilizes our service, he won't ever Select some other expert services. Next would be the important functions which make us finest company statistics help for college students.
In actual lifestyle, the excellence among science and engineering is just not usually crystal visit homepage clear. Experts frequently perform some engineering do the job, and engineers usually utilize scientific principles, such as the scientific system.
If you use the professionals, you won't have to worry about submitting substandard papers on your tutor given that a reliable writer is connected to Each individual order inside the appropriate subject region.
Researchers research how nature works; engineers and Pc programmers create new issues for example devices, programs, and tactics. For the reason that engineers and Laptop programmers have diverse objectives than Individuals of researchers, they stick to a different process of their do the job.
Mechanistic Occupation-Style Strategy - These Work opportunities are substantial in mechanistic responsibilities, that means they need the minimum talent and education. They also have larger occasions of work dissatisfaction, worker absenteeism, and employee turnover because of the menial duties involved.
Every single lesson includes a brief diagnostic pre-examination which means you don't next page must waste time on substance look these up you now know!
I have even emailed my daughter's Trainer this morning to let her understand about the website. I know it expenditures, however, you can't set money within the hrs it takes to show A child geometry and algebra. My daughter was in a position to master in two days what Ordinarily took her two months. Thank you!!!
Customization: We offers all customizations According to client's specifications. Our industry experts are hugely proficient and superior encounter in Conference jobs with any specifications.


Great leadership is in demand in every type of organization, and a degree in Organizational Leadership involves building a team and leading that team to succeed in business ventures of all sorts. While most management classes give an overall view of how to run a business, Organizational Leadership focuses on project management and supervisory skills with a real-world approach to management in a variety of industries rather than one specific discipline. Students in Organizational Leadership can expect to take classes in ethics, human behavior, leadership theory, statistics, occupational health and safety, humanities and labor relations while learning skills in innovation, strategy, decision-making, creativity and analytical methods. Graduates will know how to conduct strategic research in order to improve productivity and promote growth by providing inspiring leadership skills.


text:
Venezuelans Abroad in Italy – Recap of Round 2 in Serie A
Goals certainly went in last weekend in Serie A but sadly only one of these was to be found in a game featuring a Venezuelan. Furthermore, collectively the three representatives of La Vinotinto did not see as much game-time as would normally be expected, which is largely believed to be due to them having travelled such long distances to, in and from Asia for their international matches the previous week.
Empoli 0-1 Roma
For Video Highlights, click here.
The newly promoted hosts were forced to resort to shots from distance as their opponents, with an eye on their midweek Champions League clash, were able to rest several players including Francesco Totti and Gervinho and still pick up a narrow victory courtesy of an own goal that many wiill prefer to see credited to the impressive Belgian international, Radja Nainggolan.
Not long before the goal, Nainggolan also played a driving role in sponsor-less Roma's other most notable attack, which occurred in the 41st minute. After winning a crunching tackle in midfield, he came forward and crossed a well-weighted ball in from the right that Alessandro Florenzi headed diagonally across the goalmouth that Maicon ran onto but somehow hooked against the back post when the goal was gaping. From the rebound, the ball fell to the onrushing Miralem Pjanić who blasted a shot that was blocked by a desperate-yet-determined combination of Lorenzo Tonelli and Vincent Laurini; the Bosnian international claimed that he was fouled in the ensuing skirmish but Empoli were to remain on level terms for at least several minutes longer.
That was until first-half stoppage-time when Pjanić played a short cross-field pass to Nainggolan 25 yards out and he struck a low drive that came off the foot of the post, only to hit the back of goalkeeper Luigi Sepe's head and rebound into the net. 1-0 to the capital's leading club and, considered alongside his goal and assist on the opening day against Fiorentina, a great start to Nainggolan's season following the formalisation of his summer move from Cagliari.
Empoli's optimistic long-range efforts came mainly from Francesco Tavano in a game which Franco Signorelli observed from the bench. The Venezuelan was doubtless on a high following his recent international debut, though travel may well have taken its toll. He will be more likely to feature this coming weekend when his side will feel they have a good chance to get off the bottom of the table when they travel to fellow recent arrivals, Cesena.
Sampdoria 2-0 Torino
Image Source: StopAndGoal
Two impressive goals, one coming in each half from Italians Manolo Gabbiadini and Stefano Okaka, ensured Siniša Mihajlović's Sampdoria got off to a winning start at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris. This no doubt pleased their visionary movie producer-president Massimo Ferrero, whose deal with a film distribution company led to Sin City 3D being promoted on his team's shirts.
Gabbiadini's goal came on 34 minutes from a free-kick that was curled from the dee around the wall low into the bottom left-hand corner and later on in the match he was to smash the crossbar with another powerfully hit set-piece.
Though second-best, Torino were nevertheless in the game with Fabio Quagliarella and Marcelo Larrondo leading the attack, yet when they made an attacking substitution just after the hour, it was the Brazil-born recipient of a solitary Italian cap, Amauri, who was first brought on to make his debut, with Larrondo coming off. The 34 year-old former Juventus man was signed just before the transfer window closed, though given his age Josef Martínez should try not to be too concerned and instead see this as an opportunity to learn from an experienced pro in a league that not so long ago was notorious for frustrating strikers.
Martínez patiently waited his turn and was later substituted on for Quagliarella in the 77th to make his Serie A debut, yet any dreams of becoming an instant hero were soon dashed when Sampdoria scored their second two minutes later. Indeed, Okaka turned into space on the right-flank and easily took the ball past Polish defender Kamil Glik – who may well have been struggling to mentally re-adjust himself after playing in a 7-0 thrashing of Gibraltar in midweek – and then fired home from an angled position to seal the 2-0 victory.
Fiorentina 0-0 Genoa
With 8 shots on target (from a total of 18) to their opponents' 1 (from 5), Fiorentina had the bulk of the opportunities but were unable to make the breakthrough, as Genoa managed to hold on and get a point when defeat often seemed a formality. That it remained goalless was all the more surprising when one takes into account the 3-3 draw that occurred in this fixture last season, not to mention the 5-2 Fiorentina victory enjoyed at Genoa's ground nearly a year ago.
Alberto Aquilani, Borja Valero, Khouma Babacar and especially Juan Cuadrado were all a frequent menace to the Genoa defensive lines, regularly running directly through the midfield with ease and creating numerous chances throughout the game. Their best of the first half came after 15 minutes when Aquilani – who, incidentally, was the only Italian in the home side's line-up – put in a graceful cross from the right that dipped kindly six yards out for Mario Gómez. However, the injury-hit German was unable to make meaningful contact with the ball as it instead hit a combination of his chin and chest before going tamely wide.
Little was seen of Genoa as an attacking threat in the opening half as they were preoccuppied with repelling attacks. Due to being frequently overrun in midfield, manager Gian Piero Gasperini took off the yellow-carded Andre Bertolacci at half-time and replaced him with 'Gattuso 2.0', Tomás Rincón, who was most likely omitted from the line-up due to the travel involved with the preceding week's international duty. However, though the visitors did get a little more into the game, the onslaught, if anything, increased with Cuadrado continuing to shine as goalkeeper Mattero Perin was required to put in a man of the match performance to thwart the Viola. Rincón, like Bertolacci, was to find himself regularly on the back foot struggling to halt Cuadrado's trickery, unpredictable runs and movements, as he picked up a booking in the 78th minute for tripping the Colombian on the turn just outside the area. Just over five minutes prior, another South American, Rincón's team-mate, the Argentine defender Facundo Roncaglia, also had great difficulties dealing with Cuadrado. He was penalised for holding him back near the halfway line, thus receiving his second yellow card and walking off to a smattering of applause from fans of the home team who actually hold his registration.
Despite Fiorentina's dominance, Gasperini's men did nearly score after 64 minutes when Edenilson robbed Cuadrado and Valero in his own half and ran down the right side, playing a one-two before crossing in for Mauricio Pinilla whose acrobatic scissor-kick bounced before going narrowly over the crossbar. The Chilean forward can be praised for this effort but was to spend the majority of this match in isolation, disappointed by the dearth of service from the flanks, which was in marked contrast to the season's opener against Napoli.
Ultimately though, despite these frustrations, Genoa will be more than pleased with the point they earned and it was largely Perin who they have to thank for this. Indeed, his heroics were especially required in stoppage time when, in quick succession from two corners, he tipped over Gonzalo Rodriguez's rasping shot from the edge of the area and, subsequently, gratefully clung on to a header from debutant Filippo Bernardeschi that was powerful yet lacking in direction. Thus, Genoa travel back north with a point some will feel they did not deserve and will continue their difficult start to the season with a home game this weekend against Lazio.
This entry was posted in Venezuelans Abroad and tagged Europe, Franco Signorelli, Italy, Josef Martínez, Serie A, Tomas Rincón on September 20, 2014 by hispanospherical.
← Venezuelan Abroad in the UEFA Champions League – 16 September 2014 Venezuelans Abroad in Spain – Recap of Round 3 in the Primera División →


text:
Fashion and Sri Aurobindo's vision
Earthy designs & a vision TOI 12 Mar 2008, 0000 hrs IST, MANDVI SHARMA , TNN
Anju Modi and Neha Ahuja (TOI Photo)
"I am a minimalist by nature," says designer Anju Modi, and that is what her designs are all about this Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week. "I like to play around with surface texture, hand-woven fabrics and their unconventional treatment that synthesises the vintage with the contemporary." Her collection, named Luminosity, is going to have Global Warming as a background for this autumn/winter showcase. There is a use of sheer fluid fabrics in natural colours and Indian designs. There is slight flounce in most of the garments and yet a proper structure has been given to them to bring out the character of the designs. Anju's show is on Sunday at the WIFW in Pragati Maidan.
"I am a strong believer in Sri Aurobindo's vision and his thought has inspired this collection," she says.
The true spiritual power and yogi of Modern World
The Mother on the Birth of a New World
I do not know how Peter Heehs can suggest disengag...
Katherine Sherman was studying sustainable living,...
A Prayer for World Peace: Pavilion of Tibetan Cult...
Odissi Dance performance by Kanchana and her group...
Bharatanatyam dance by Harinie Jeevitha
Matri Kala Mandir, inside The Mother's Internation...
Why and How I Wrote about Hitler - Georges Van Vre...
Chant your heart open
Pournaprema, granddaughter of The Mother passes
Auroville Matrimandir differs from The Mother's or...
Sri Aurobindo - A Contemporary Reader By Sachidana...
Bepin Chandra Pal's release from jail
Sri Aurobindo Ashram has been producing a surfeit ...
God within - God without. Gnosticism and early Chr...
Roger Anger: his achievements before Auroville
Waking and sleep are opportunities
Eckhart Tolle and Sri Aurobindo: Two Perspectives ...
Forever India
Georges Van Vrekhem's series of lectures: "The Soc...
Necessity of a spiritual outlook to genuinely expe...
A multimedia presentation and Panel discussion on:...
India is well-and-truly bereft of much-of-anything...
Devotees thronged Sri Aurobindo Ashram on 'Golden ...
राष्ट्रीयता के आराधक श्री अरविंद की विचारधाराओं के...


About 12:45 pm EDT today, Lou Lou the Official Cat of Dumbass News went to Kitty Heaven.
She was only 3 years old.
My family and I will miss her terribly.
Vaya con Dios, Lou Lou.
I remember when you introduced her. My condolences, sir.
We are all tore up over it.
We loved Lou Lou very much. Our hearts are broken.


Memoji: it allows users to quickly turn themselves into an Animoji. it comes with a variety of customization options as well.
Improvements in the Photos app.
Siri Shortcuts: that gives full automation workflows to users and lots more.
Apple since iOS 12 introduction has released 6 updates for bug fixes and improvements.
How to JailBreak on iOS 12?
Guide to Jailbreak iOS 12 Using Unc0ver and Installing Cydia.
Step 1: Download the Latest version of Unc0ver beta.
Step 2: Connect your device to the computer via standard USB cable.
Step 4: Verification of Device.
Step 5: You need to input your Apple ID and your password.
Step 6: Trust the Certificate.
Step 7: Delete the OTA file.
JailBreak iOS 12 Using Ziyu Repo Extractor.
How to Install Jailbreak applications iOS 12- iOS 12.1.4.
You should make sure that no iOS 12 OTA files are downloaded in your iPhone or iPad. if it is there you can delete it from Settings —> Storage and then reboot your device.
with Cydia and Substrate compatibility is there, maybe some reports might not work due to an iOS 12 bug.
if you want to prevent future iOS 12 OTA updates, you can download and install tvOS 12 profile on it.
You make sure to Create a backup of all the important data on the Device.
Warning: Various people some time faces the boot loop issue. We recommend caution before proceeding.
if you have a device which is running on iOS 12.1.4 then you can downgrade it to iOS 12.1.1 beta 3 as it's still being signed by Apple.
Uncover Jailbreak is released with Cydia. Uncover jailbreak is added to zJailbreak. you can install it from zJailbreak and jailbreak your device with just a single tap. you don't need a computer.
it is compatible with iOS 12 – 12.1.2. it is not available for higher versions. you can check the other solution of jailbreak if your device has higher versions.
It is available for A8X-A11 devices such as iPhone 7., iPhone 8, iPhone X.
Download the latest version of Undecimus IPA which is the uncover application. it is available in iTunes with its latest version and Cydia Impactor for either of operating systems, mac or Windows.
Connect your iPhone or iPad device to your computer and ensure iTunes recognizes the iDevice. if it doesn't recognize, you need to establish a connection by tapping "trust" on your device and Continue inside iTunes.
MAC OS: if you are Mac OS, you need to mount the .dmg Cydia Impactor download and drag the program to your applications folder. you will receive an alert about not being able to open Cydia impactor because it was downloaded from the internet. you may need to check system preferences app -> Security and privacy.
Windows OS: your download will be in .zip format. you need to extract Cydia Impactor from the zipped file. it is recommended to extract the program at your desktop to make it easy to access. you don't need to run the program as administrator, as it will disable the ability to drag files into the interface. it is a key iOS 12 unc0ver jailbreak.
You need to verify that your iDevice is recognized by the Cydia Impactor. it is selected in the top drop-down menu. you can drag the Undecimus(uncover).IPA into the Cydia Impactor interface.
Go into Settings ->General ->Device Management. you tap on the developer's name and trust the certificate. Without doing this, you won't be able to launch the unc0ver jailbreak application on your iPhone.
Delete the OTA file .you can navigate to the Settings->General->iPhone Storage and find the software update. tap it and Delete update. next, you can download the tvOS beta profile to prevent OTA iOS software updates from loading.
Open the Unc0ver and tap on the jailbreak button and wait for the application to do its job. Your Apple device such as iPhone or iPad will respring during the process. After it is over you will see the Cydia icon on your home screen.
if the application gets Stuck at the step "Extracting Cydia…", you need to reboot your iPhone/iPod and then try to jailbreak it again.
After successfully jailbreaking your iPhone or iPad on iOS 12 with unc0ver jailbreak if you still face some issues you can comment below.
Ziyu is the jailbreak repository extractor for iOS 12. it works even higher versions like iOS 12.1.2,12.1.3 and iOS 12.1.4. It is a paid, you can download diamond versions for $29.99. it can be installed free from zJailbreak app store.
Compatibility: All iPhones having a 64-bit architecture including all the latest iPhone XS, XS Max, and XR.
you can install Jailbreak. you need to provide your passcode to continue the installation.
you can open jailbreak and you can tap on Ziyu to install it.
you need to make sure that you have updated your device to iOS 12 or higher versions before installing the application.
For installation of the applications, you can open the repo extractor.
you will get a Ziyu compatible repo list. You need to select the repo and tap the copy button.
now you can go back to the home page od Ziyu. After tapping the Extract repo button and paste the copied repo.
You can tap the extract button and repo will extract. It will display Jailbreak/3rd party apps. you can install any jailbreak applications by tapping the install button.
You can use the repo to install a special version of Cydia for iOS 12 and other versions running devices.


Baby Clams with green mangos, white onions, chili flakes and mint topped with peanuts, shallots, cilantro with a fish sauce vinagarette.
Shredded free-range chicken with sliced cabbage, white onions and Vietnamese coriander topped with peanuts, shallots and cilantro with a fish sauce vinagarette.
Fragrant Lemongrass beef soup with vermicelli noodles, pork patty and beef shank, topped with white onions, green onions and cilantro.
Rich Tomato soup with vermicelli noodles, egg, crab, pork and tofu, topped with white onions, green onions and cilantro.
Moist juicy chicken thighs simmered in a yellow curry with lemongrass, bay leaves and sweet potatoes with just a touch of coconut milk. Served with an 8" toasted baguette or vermicelli noodles or rice.


The increasing awareness in conservation of culture heritage in Israel and the growing demand for conservators raised the need for a specialized academic program.
The Conservation of Material Culture Heritage program was launched in 2010; it combines theoretical studies, academic research with practical experience.
The program is designed to train its graduates to deal with a wide range of issues in conservation.
The teaching personnel are conservation experts from Israel and abroad, with various expertise, such as Materials & Technologies scientists, Conservation specialists, Applied Research specialists, Historic Buildings Engineers and more.
The program provides its graduates with encompassing knowledge in many aspects of conservation: cultural and humanistic background, archaeological conservation, preservation of historic monuments, conservation of artifacts and artwork.


text:
550 years ago yesterday, on a bitter Palm Sunday in a hail storm, the bloodiest battle ever to take place on English soil was fought in the Yorkshire village of Towton. Today, half a millennium later, people still place flowers and light candles in memory of what took place that day when Englishmen murdered other Englishmen and thousands were killed in a rout which led to men stepping on their comrades' corpses in their desperation to escape.
Ostensibly, it was a battle between the Yorkists and Lancastrians in the Wars of the Roses but really, nowadays, who knows what was in the hearts of those young men when they went to war? Now, when the outcome of the battle is really of no significance, the descendants of those soldiers who died in that place feel only the silence that hovers over battlefields that seems to say, 'why?'
A long past battle brings people together. On Armistice Day the veterans who fought on opposing sides of World Wars have stood together, acknowledging each other's courage and each other's loss. When the war is over and the cause is long-forgotten, the enemies stand together mourning their lost comrades and the loss of innocence and, perhaps, wondering what all the shouting was about.
The same is true of natural disasters...in the midst of the chaos people of all nations reach out to one another and come together. In grief, in tragedy, in the aftermath of wars, we drop our defences and find we have so much in common.
Wouldn't it be wonderful if we did this naturally, without the tragedies or wars? If episodes like this:
were the norm?
Labels: 'Random Acts of Culture', Battle of Towton
Leeds Union Workhouse
One hundred and fifty years ago today the Leeds Union Workhouse opened. Over the past century and a half, it has developed into one of the country's most prestigious hospitals with many wings and modern buildings, but there are still visible remnants of the old workhouse (much of which is now museum).
The workhouse – yet another vile product of the industrial revolution – was among one of the first institutions that, to my mind, marked the dehumanising of humanity. When England – and particularly the north of England – was largely dependent upon farming, most people lived in villages or parishes, where they worked the land, paid rent and a couple of days labour a year to the local landowner or squire, weaved and spun in their cottages and took their wares to sell in the nearest market town every week or so. (Even today, Yorkshire is filled with road signs pointing to 'Historic Market Towns'). It wasn't by any means an easy life. Most cottages were pretty squalid; when harvests were bad, people starved, animals and people were often undernourished...On the other hand, there were some advantages: people were people. Whether you were the village idiot or the eccentric midwife, local witch or passing labourer, you were a unique person, accepted in your own right. You contributed – often by tithing – to the parish poor fund, and the local parson handed out that money to the elderly or those who could no longer work. Parish Relief, as it was called, worked quite well when the harvest was good and not many people were claiming it.
The Enclosure Acts changed everything. Cottagers were evicted from their homes. Animals were cruelly fattened beyond recognition. Village idiots were placed in institutions and, as the towns developed into industrial cities, churning out more cloth in a day than an ordinary weaver could produce in a year, more and more people were thrown 'on the mercy of the parish.' Since the Parish Relief couldn't meet the growing demand, the government authorised parishes to group together in a Union and, instead of handing out money, they should build workhouses – hence the Leeds Union Workhouse.
The workhouses were created to discourage people from being poor.
They did this by making these places as dehumanising as possible so you would only go there if you were absolutely desperate. Men and women were segregated and, since many people who arrived at the workhouse were elderly couples who could no longer work, this meant that people who had been married for decades were not allowed to see each other again. Forced into uniforms, sitting in rows, eating and working in silence, the workhouse inmates' lives were as appalling as those of the people who later were forced into concentration camps.
Who was responsible for this? Not monarchs, not princes, but petty-minded officials who believed themselves to be the elite, more intelligent than the masses, and the only ones capable of controlling an unruly and unintelligent society.
Today, of course, we are far more enlightened. We no longer allow ourselves to be regimented by people who know better; there are no longer elite groups who believe that most people are ignorant and need to be put in their place...
Labels: Leeds, St. James's Hospital, Workhouse
Overthrowing Tyrants
It is Spring...the daffodils are blooming; the sky is blue and the sun is shining, the lambs are frolicking and the world looks so beautiful...That matters far more than what comes next in this post...
In 1914 the Russian army rolled into war to defend 'little Serbia' which had come under attack from the Austro-Hungarians who were intent on crushing the Slav dream of a united South Slav Kingdom. To the average Austrian, the attack was a righteous response to the murder of their heir, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and a necessary measure to protect the peoples of their Empire. To the average Russian, the defence was a righteous response to a bully who was placing impossible demands for reparation on Serbia. They were all fighting – apparently – to protect someone else....but who they were fighting for became lost in the scale of the slaughter. In the end there was nothing but disillusionment for all who lived through the First World War.
Going back a little further...At the time of the War of Independence when the Americans were throwing off the yoke of oppression imposed by Britain, Simon Bolivar was leading an equally successful campaign against Spanish rule in South America. He enlisted to his cause many foreign troops – including some high-minded British officers and soldiers who believed that Bolivar would do for the South what George Washington had done for the North. Some of those soldiers were in it for themselves, believing they would be rewarded with land, but others believed they were fighting to 'save' the native South Americans from a tyrant. In fact, Bolivar, having disposed of the Spanish, simply continued to oppress the ordinary people, and those soldiers ended up disillusioned.
Going back still further...in the Middle Ages, knights from all over Europe, hearing of the oppression of Christians in Jerusalem, set out on a series of great Crusades to rid the Holy Land of Islamic tyrants. After some hundreds of years of slaughter and carnage, wins and losses and atrocities committed on both sides, the Knights were not only defeated but made outcasts by their own Church.
In each case – and there are hundreds of such cases throughout history – the dream inspired in people was the removal of a tyrant and the protection of that tyrant's victims. It's a tried and tested formula that works well because most people want to help their neighbour in need and want to protect the innocent. What greater feeling can be aroused in a good man than that he might be a knight in shining armour defending someone in distress? Isn't that honourable and noble, and don't we have a duty to help our neighbour in need?
And yet...and yet...How many more countries will we bomb? How many more tyrants will we set out to overthrow? How many more wars – now euphemistically described as 'military intervention' – will we fight before we realise that there is always a quite different agenda behind what the news stories tell us? History shows us that nothing is ever as it appears in the news at the time...Wars are never about what they are said to be about and the overthrowing of tyrants is rarely quite as simple as it appears. Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya...
It's a dangerous business, overthrowing tyrants. Of course, no one wants tyranny but there wouldn't be any tyrants if there weren't always people ready to fire the guns for them....and the people who fire those guns are inspired by the same kind of ideology that they, too, are knights in shining armour, doing what is best for others. Can one man really hold so much power over others?
It is beyond bizarre that after all these thousands of years of wars and tyranny and all the rest of it, we still go on and on engaging in these mindless conflicts. It couldn't happen if people stopped listening to politicians and leaders. It wouldn't happen if we minded our own business and simply paid attention to who we are, not blaming others for our misfortunes or trying to impose out ideology on others, but recognising our own individual brilliance, being quiet within, and seeing in everyone the expression of the Divine.
I prefer to listen to birds and look at daffodils and talk to trees than to listen to political leaders. People who talk to trees are seen as quite mad...but what could be more mad than failing to learn from the past and continuing this relentless nonsense of killing each other in the name of freedom?
"There's Nowt So Queer As Folk"
There's a saying here in the North of England, "There's nowt so queer as folk" – roughly translated as 'People are very bizarre."
It's very true, isn't it? This is the first of a few posts about how bizarre things seem to me. I appreciate that some things might be controversial and that it might sound arrogant to express such an opinion, but what the heck! The deeper you delve into history or look at the present state of affairs, the more bizarre things appear and it is astounding really that so many things are taken for granted or old mistakes are incessantly repeated without being questioned. These are just my thoughts...
It's bizarre that 'The Tamworth Two' – the two pigs who became a legend after
escaping from an abattoir and finding their way to freedom – became national heroes and everyone smiles at their brilliant escape....and then the same people who smile at that, sit down to a pork dinner or a bacon sandwich???
It's bizarre that people who gush at the beauty of new born lambs think nothing of tucking into a chop, as though those beautiful and inspiring creatures had no feeling at all.
It's bizarre that Christian countries could ever have been so anti-Semitic when Jesus was Jewish.
It's bizarre that virtually every revolution or war that was fought in the name of 'Liberty', simply paved the way for greater tyranny, and people accepted it.
It's bizarre that while the whole world is united in our desire to do all that we can to aid the Japanese people who are enduring the effects of the tsunami and earthquake, we silently sit by and watch the planes fly over Libya possibly killing many more people (as happened in Iraq)....
It's bizarre that our planes now attack Gaddafi who, only a short time ago was being
embraced by Tony Blair and by the (unelected) president of the European Union.
It's bizarre that every military intervention in recent times is described as an effort to protect the innocent people who are being attacked by dictators, yet we did nothing in Zimbabwe or other African countries.
It's bizarre that people are swept up in the idea that we are responsible for climate change when we all know that the earth has moved through so many climatic shifts (ice ages, times of heating etc.) long before humanity had any part to play in it. (Who was responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs or dodos??)
It's bizarre that the First World War is often called an imperial war when in fact not one single monarch or emperor wanted that war and it was all devised by politicians and ministers behind the scenes.
It's bizarre that those who ousted the kings couldn't wait to step into their palaces...and people still believed that these people were acting for their good!
It's bizarre that most of us spend our lives living by the clock instead of by our natural instincts to rise when we're ready and sleep when we're ready and eat when we're ready. Animals and plants seem far more attuned to Nature, and are far healthier!
It's bizarre that the sick are so often seen as 'brave' or 'heroes' and in Christianity, sickness is seen as something that can be offered to God. Many saints of the past longed for suffering and martyrdom as a sign of their love??! – bizarre!!! If Jesus had thought that way, when he met a leper or a blind man, he would have praised their sacrifice rather than telling them they were healed!
Well, that's a start...I hope to go into more specific details in the next few posts and trust that if this is offensive or simply arrogant, it is merely a record of my observations...
Labels: Libya, Yalta
The Making of a King
When their first son, Bertie, was born Queen Victoria and Prince Albert – both of whom were still so young – sought guidance about his upbringing from Prince Albert's mentor Baron Stockmar. His advice couldn't have been more detrimental to the poor Prince of Wales whose memories of childhood were so unhappy that as soon as he became King, he disposed of that great (and beautiful!) symbol of his childhood, Osborne House. As a boy Bertie could never please his parents. He just couldn't fit their (or Stockmar's) ideal of the perfect prince. Gauche, not studious or particularly academically intelligent, his natural talents for diplomacy and charm were so often overlooked. I adore Prince Albert and think that the one mistake of his life was his treatment – albeit well-intentioned – of the future King Edward VII. In later life, the perceived traumas of this strict regimen showed up in Bertie's addictions to food, sex and gambling and anything else that brought him comfort. His life, however, was not a tragedy! He was well-liked, affable, had the common touch alongside great dignity and he was a great statesman and ambassador, though his reign was so brief.
Prince Albert and Queen Victoria wanted to raise the perfect prince.
Seeing the footage of Prince William in New Zealand today, I was over-awed by the thought that it took a few generations and far less strict regimen for that dream to
come into being. Prince William was amazing! One moment dressed in casual clothes, shaking hands with the crowds, crouching to have his photo taken with children, and chatting to them as freely as if they were old friends. When someone in the crowd called out, "I will see you in London on the 29th!" Prince William, with genuine delight replied, "You're coming? You are all invited!!" The next minute, in a smart suit and a Maori 'stole' he was addressing the earthquake victims with a solemnity and wisdom that was so touching. He spoke of his grandmother and the advice she had given him – and who could fail to notice that he, having lost his mother at such a young age, understood grief - and his dignified references to Her Majesty also showed such respect for the Queen (as did the way he sang the National Anthem, 'God Save the Queen', with such gusto).
Kipling's wonderful lines immediately came to mind:
"If you can walk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings nor lose the common touch..."
If ever the British monarchy needed a lift when the scurrilous newspapers go in search of scandals, I am sure this young prince is the perfect person for the job. Not only would his mother be so proud of him, but also his great-great-great-great-grandparents, Prince Albert and Queen Victoria must surely be looking down at him and thinking, "Well, we got there in the end!"
Labels: Baron Stockmar, Edward VII, Prince Albert, Prince William, Queen Victoria
"The Great"
On the beautiful blog 'Tea at Trianon' there is a wonderful post about Tsar Alexander II's emancipation of the serfs.
I read this shortly after watching a brilliant TV documentary last night, which
included so much fascinating information about King Frederick the Great of Prussia. From his most famous quotations and the little I had read of Frederick, he had always seemed to me to be a rather stereo-typical war lord who earned the epithet 'the Great' through his conquests and military strategies. It's always so wonderful to be proved wrong! Frederick, it turns out (as I am sure most other people already know, though I have been a complete ignoramus about him and intend to rectify that!), was so enlightened! He lived a very simple life, totally dedicated to his people and his county, encouraged education and learning, built some of the most beautiful buildings in Potsdam and the rest of Prussia not for his own use but for the well-being and edification of his people, and he wrote some magnificent lines which, unfortunately, I have not yet been able to find, about the role of a king as a servant of his people and if the king's and the people's interests are conflicting, the king must subjugate his own wishes. For these reasons, far more than for his military conquests, he surely earned the 'Great'.
Becoming absorbed in this new insight, I realised at once that I felt the same
excitement as I felt on discovering the truth about Catherine the Great many years ago. Until then, all I knew of her was the story that she murdered her husband and allegedly had many lovers, and the curious and totally unfounded story about the bizarre manner of her death (she actually died of a stroke). Discovering the truth about Catherine was enlightening. She was one of the most forward-thinking monarchs of the age. Seeing her footmen standing around with nothing to do, she handed them books and when she was told that they couldn't read, she arranged classes for them. She cared intensely about her people's welfare and, although she had been virtually dragged to Russia at an early age and forced into marrying a sadist, she dedicated her life to the Russian people.
Alexander II, Frederick and Catherine – three very different characters but each with the good of their people at heart. Sadly, Alexander II hasn't been called 'the Great' but, like his grandson Nicholas II, and like the majority of the 19th and early 20th century monarchs, too, he dedicated himself to a life in the service of his people. I wonder often, has there been a royal tyrant in Europe the past two or three hundred years? I don't think so...but there have been several socialist or revolutionary tyrants who seized power from the royalties.
(In our more sophisticated age, there are shady politicians, bankers, corporate financiers and arms dealers who carry out their tyranny behind the scenes and manipulate currencies, the news and world affairs...but history shows that those who seize power inevitably end up being destroyed by it.)
Labels: Alexander II, Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, Tsar Nicholas II
Liberty and Lilies
(I trust this doesn't appear as a mere aside to this post but words are inconsequential in such times and it would be inappropriate to say more - sincere thoughts and sympathy to the people of Japan at this time).
As soon as he heard of the unleashing of the French Revolution, the English poet, William Wordsworth – a young man at that time – hurried to France to be part of this great movement towards liberty and individual freedom. Impassioned and animated by what was happening across the Channel, he believed that people had cast off the shackles of centuries and a new age was dawning and he wrote some of his most wonderful poems...Then he witnessed the murder of a king and the indiscriminate slaughter and bloodshed that followed and he returned disillusioned to England where eventually he bought a beautiful house in the Lake District and wrote some of his dullest poetry!
Wordsworth's zeal at the outbreak of the French Revolution is understandable. It becomes even clearer in the light of William Blake's poems (and Blake, in my opinion, is far better and more genuine poet). Blake saw the de-humanising of people that came about throughout the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions, where people who had lived a rural life, in tune with Nature, were suddenly – due to the Enclosure Acts, and the advances in technology that led to ordinary journeymen losing their livelihood – thrust into slum dwellings in appalling conditions, deprived of dignity in places where children (especially those poor little pauper apprentices) were horrendously overworked, abused and disposed of in those 'dark Satanic mills' (the towers of which, incidentally, still line the ugly view from the train window between here in Leeds and neighbouring Bradford). Seeing the world move towards such a mechanical and inhumane way of being, where people were no longer individuals but simply cogs in the wheel of industry, I think I, too, would have rushed to France for that Revolution or rather that attempt to stop the way that people were being turned into automatons.
The question is, though, what where they rebelling against? And who took the blame and became the scapegoat for all the wrongs that people suffered?
They were rebelling against so-called 'progress' that was depriving them of their individual humanity and creating a sense of insecurity, and yet they chose as their scapegoat a king who, without having chosen such a role, actually cared about their well-being. The King, unlike the industrialists, had nothing to gain from turning his people into mechanical parts. He hadn't looked for power. He hadn't sought a throne. He did what he thought was his duty and would have been happier mending clocks. Yet this innocent man who had been forced into marriage, humiliated for his early failure to produce an heir and whose life had been mapped out by others from the start became the scapegoat for the angry dissatisfaction of his people.
No matter how deeply I delve into history, I don't understand this obsession with Revolutions and killing or blaming kings. The average French person in 1789 probably had no more interest in who was on the throne than the average Yorkshireman cared about what was happening in London. What mattered to people then – and matters to people now – is the quality of their lives. If life is hard, if business fails, if there is massive inflation, the immediate response is either to look for someone to blame and be angry with them to the point of rioting or sending them to the guillotine, or to surrender in submission as a victim of circumstance. Are we so weak and dependent and lacking in the ability to take responsibility for ourselves that we need always seek a scapegoat?
There's another way forward, I think. All these revolutions in the name of liberty merely exchange one notion of tyranny for another. If ever there were anything to learn from history it surely is that no one outside of us has power over us. No one outside of us controls our circumstances unless we allow them to do so. The alternative to 'allowing them to do so', isn't to behead or shoot them, since we would then merely replace them with another perceived tyrant. The alternative is to realise that no one, absolutely no one else, is responsible for our experiences. We get to choose how we view the world and how we are with other people. There is no 'them' and 'us' anymore. There are no 'haves' and 'have-nots' and so there is no need to squabble over power.
After all, "Look at the lilies of the field. They neither toil nor spin (nor get up with the clock, nor feel jealousy or fear, nor kill kings nor stir up trouble in other countries so we can make some oil deal) and yet even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these..."
Labels: French Revolution, individual freedom, Industrial Revolution, Wordsworth
A Return to The Age of Elegance
If ever you feel down in the dumps or under the weather; or if ever you look around the modern world and feel a little disheartened at much of what passes for music, fashion, literature and art today, and you long for a return to the Age of Elegance and culture...and sheer joy... I cannot recommend Andre Rieu highly enough!
Within about thirty seconds of watching the DVD of his Australian concert, I was transported to another world! Here is a little clip of it:
His beauty, the beauty he creates and his joie de vivre are so uplifting and his work is like a brilliantly shining light in the world of Art and Entertainment. Isn't it interesting that thousands of people flock to his concerts? People of all ages and cultures laugh and cry at his concerts because his music and, even more, his passion for recreating that Golden Age of Imperial Austria seems to touch something of the beauty within us all.
Labels: Andre Rieu
Rudolf: the Mystery and the Tragedy
Some years before I knew anything about Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, I listened to this very moving song 'C'est a Mayerling' by Mireille Mathieu:
and imagined this to be a most tragically beautiful story, somewhat like my adolescent interpretation of the film, Elvira Madigan, where hopeless lovers shoot themselves under a holm-oak tree to the strains of a Mozart sonata; or even the heart-rending "Les Amants d'un Jour" by Edith Piaf – both of which seemed so romantic and beautiful. The reality of suicide is, of course, something entirely different and anything but romantic. This post, however, is not about suicide but about tragedy and mystery of a different kind.
Crown Prince Rudolf and Mary Vetsera – their story has been made into films and
written up in various magazines while the mystery of their supposed suicide pact in the idyllic setting of Maylerling is presented as one of the great romances of the era. Alongside the romantic aspect, comes the mystery element: so many unanswered questions leading to theories that the whole thing was a set-up and Rudolf was murdered (a hypothesis which Empress Zita appeared to believe) or that Rudolf killed Mary and then killed himself...and there are so many different ideas about what happened, combined with the fact that Emperor Franz Ferdinand reputedly said that "anything but the truth" should come out and the official papers surrounding the event mysteriously disappeared. As happens with so many people who die in dramatic circumstances, Rudolf's death overshadows the more interesting and perhaps more tragic details of his life.
I am not convinced that Rudolf killed himself, but that is irrelevant here. The great tragedy of his life, rather than the overplayed tragedy of his death, is his decline from being an astute and learned young man, into one who appeared to give way to despair. His affair with Mary doesn't seem such a great romance, when she was but one in a string of lovers whose help he sought in overcoming his loneliness and the frustration of feeling that his opinions had no place and his aspirations no outlet in his father's court. His similarity with King Edward VII of Britain is quite striking. Both, I think, were intelligent men who had ideas which differed so starkly from those of their monarch-parents and both were denied the opportunity to express their views of implement their dreams and plans. Both, too, felt as though they were somehow a disappointment to their parents and in their frustration, filled the empty hours with habits that became addictions: drink, food, drugs, mistresses - something to fill the inner vacuum.
Rudolf had many ideas which were so at odds with the Habsburg Court but some of which might have even saved the Empire. Had he been less passionate about these ideas, it would have been easy for him to slip into the frivolous lifestyle of many of his relations, biding his time until he came to power and he could have lived to a ripe old age. The fact that he felt such despair that his ideas weren't well-received or recognised, shows, the depths to which he believed in his own vision of the necessity of change. Where he isn't portrayed as the romantic hero who died for love, he is often portrayed as a rather pathetic waster who squandered his talents and wealth in a hedonistic lifestyle. Neither of these portrayals rings true. Like his mother, he was a free-spirit gasping for air in a claustrophobic court, and had he not had such visions of how to improve things, he wouldn't have felt that lack of improvement so desperately.
The tragedy isn't what happened at Maylering – whether had lived to 31 or 101 he would have left now anyway. The tragedy is that he is remembered in a way that never really seems to capture who he was, what he thought, what he felt and what he dreamed. To me he remains so mysterious and really quite beautiful.
Labels: Crown Prince Rudolf, Elvira Madigan, King Edward VII, Mayerling, Mireille Mathieu


Apr. 15 Representatives from Red River College and University of Manitoba will be here to discuss Aboriginal Programming. This presentation will be in the Library Tues. Apr. 22nd from 2:00-3:00. Interested students can sign up in the Guidance Office.
Apr. 15 The Mock Trial team will be meeting at lunch in room 116 tomorrow.
Anyone still interested in joining the team is welcome to attend the meeting. The Mock Trial team will be competing against Sioux Lookout this spring in Dryden. Please see Mrs. Palermo if you have any questions.
Apr. 15 (am only) Are you interested in developing your leadership skills? Would you like to see "MORE" here at DHS? If either of these appeal to you, please come to a lunch meeting tomorrow at 11:30 in room 124B or see Mrs. Tremonti if you would like more information.
Apr. 15-16 Are you interested in starting up your own business this summer? Do you want free money to start it up? Then come to the library on Wednesday at lunch or visit Andrea between 10:30 – 11:30 to learn about summer company.
Apr. 15 There will be a very important Ont Students Against Impaired Drivers meeting today at lunch in the upper video conference room. All members are asked to attend.
Apr. 15 The Department of Aboriginal Education at Lakehead University is offering the Honours Bachelor of Education Program which is a four year program with emphasis on teaching Aboriginal children. Applications are available in the guidance office.
Apr. 15 Potential Grad 12 graduates – you must come to the office to pick up a form to order your cap and gown. The cost is $25.00 which must be paid when you hand in your form. Forms are due April 25th!
Apr. 15 The next meeting for the DHS Ambassadors to Spain in May of 2015 will be tonight @ 6:30 pm in the HS library. If interested, please bring a parent to the meeting and if you are unable to make the meeting please see Mr. Markham in Rm 211.
Apr. 15 This message is for grade 12 students – the local scholarships and bursaries are now available. Go to dhseagles.com and click on the guidance tab. If you have any questions please go to the guidance office.
Apr. 15 A Rainy River Community College representative will be here on Tuesday, April 29th @ 9:00 am in the Library. They will be discussing scholarship opportunities and earning the first 2 years of a University degree. Any Gr. 11 or 12 students interested can sign up in the GO.
Apr. 15 Grade 12 students applying to universities and colleges outside of Ontario MUST let the guidance office know, or your transcripts will not be sent. Also, please remember to check the DHS website and the binder in the guidance office on a regular basis for the latest scholarships and bursaries.
Apr. 15 The Dryden Mission is still looking for some volunteers! Please come to the office for contact info.


text:
You are here: Fashion Wiki » Rachel Clark
rachel-clark
Rachel Clark is an American model that made her debut at the Paris Fashion week where she walked for Louis Vuitton, Yves Saint Laurent, Dries Van Noten and Givenchy.
Born: 12th February 1989
Hair Color: Dark Brown
Eye Color: Hazel
Rachel Clark is signed with MP Mega Miami Miami Beach, Storm Model Management London, Women Milan, Women Management Paris and Ford Models New York.
In 2007 Rachel Clark signed with Supreme Management, she opened the fall show for Proenza Schouler in New York, she signed with Women Management in Milan and Paris, she walked at Paris Fashion Week for the fall shows for Givenchy, Dries Van Noten, Yves Saint Laurent and Louis Vuitton, she was on the cover of Elle Portugal, she was in three editorials for Harper's Bazaar, she was in the pre-fall look book for Louis Vuitton, she was photographed for the spring ad campaign for D&G, she appeared in the fall catalogue for Barney's New York, she appeared in an editorial for i-D, she opened and closed the spring shows for Salvatore Ferragamo and CNC Costume National in Milan, she walked the spring shows for Hermes, Christian Dior, John Galliano, Lanvin and Givenchy in Paris and she was in an editorial for Vogue Russia.
In 2008 she was the face for the Louis Vuitton cruise ad campaign, she appeared in an editorial for 10, she opened and close the fall shows for Karen Walker and Catherine Malandrino in New York, she closed the fall show in New York for Erin Fetherston, she appeared in an editorial for Italian Flair, she was on the cover of Mixte France, she appeared in an editorial for Harper's Bazaar, she closed the resort show in New York for Donna Karan and also modeled for Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior, Stella McCartney and Isaac Mizrahi, she was on the cover of Flair Italia, she became one of the faces for Victoria's Secret's Pink line, she was on the cover of French Revue de Modes, she walked the spring show for Proenza Schouler, Catherine Malandrino, Ann Demeulemeester and Isaac Mizrahi in New York and Paris, she appeared in an editorial for Numero Japan, she modeled the ad campaign for Levi's and she appeared in an editorial for Russian Vogue.
In 2009 she appeared in an editorial for Italian Flair, she opened and closed the fall show for William Rast in New York, she was on the cover of Italian Amica, she walked the spring shows for Karen Walker and Reem Acra in New York, she was on the cover of Metal Magazine and she was in Tush.
In 2010 she left Supreme Management and signed with Ford Models, she was in an editorial for Vogue Italia, she closed the resort show for Louis Vuitton in New York and walked for Oscar de la Renta, she modeled for Garnier and she was in an editorial for V.
In 2011 she was in editorials for V Magazine and Vanity Fair Italy.
In 2012 she was in an ad campaign for Isaac Mizrahi and she appeared in an editorial for Details Magazine.
http://models.com/models/Rachel-Clark
http://www.stormmanagement.com/models/rachel-clark/
http://nymag.com/fashion/models/rclark/rachelclark/
Discuss Rachel Clark on our popular forum
rachel-clark.txt · Last modified: Oct 11, 2017 13:31 (external edit)