text:
Home Maryland Saint Mary's County Leonardtown Kathleen McClernan
Kathleen McClernan
WMS LLC
Criminal Law, Juvenile Law, Estate Planning ...
Ms. McClernan is the first female recipient of the Leadership in Law Award, Generation JD from the Daily Record in Southern Maryland. She was recognized as a Top 100 Women in Maryland in 2018. She was also previously recognized as The National Trial Lawyers Top 40 Under 40 in 2014. She currently dedicates time as a member of the Board of Directors for the Community Mediation of St. Mary's County and sits on the Ethics Commission for St. Mary's County. Ms. McClernan can be found at lunchtime working with the students of Leonardtown High School for the Mock Trial Competition. Her dedication to the legal field in both work and philanthropy is only matched by the dedication she gives to her clients. Ms. McClernan's legal career began with the Maryland Office of the Public Defender (MOPD), assuming increasingly more significant positions from June 2006 through June 2013. In December 2007, she began practicing as an attorney in St. Mary's County, providing representation for clients in criminal cases. She was then promoted to the Hagerstown office of the OPD. She has had numerous trials and jury trials in cases ranging from simple possession to 1st degree Murder. From June 2013 until October 2015, Ms. McClernan worked as an associate attorney in a private practice firm in a range of fields including but not limited to landlord tenant and family law. In 2016, Ms. McClernan opened her own firm that then expanded into a partnership in 2018.
Activities: Phi Alpha Delta, International Law Fraternity (member 2004-2005, President 2005-2006, Marshall 2006-2007)
The Law Office of Kathleen McClernan, LLC
The Law Office of D. Anne Emery & Associates, LLC
Assistant Public Defender
Maryland Office of the Public Defender
Leadership in the Law - Generation JD
Phi Alpha Delta, International Law Fraternity
St. Mary's County Bar Association
Activities: Treasurer 2009-2011
Maryland State Bar Association
Adjusted by case
Guardianship & Conservatorship Estate Administration, Health Care Directives, Trusts, Wills
Adoption, Child Custody, Child Support, Father's Rights, Guardianship & Conservatorship, Paternity, Prenups & Marital Agreements, Restraining Orders, Same Sex Family Law
Facebook LinkedIn Justia Profile Kathleen McClernan's Avvo Profile
Williams, McClernan, & Stack LLC
22715 Washington Street, Suite 201
Email Kathleen McClernan
Michael Barrett
National Harbor, MD
Neveen H. Kurtom
Francis Jones
La Plata, MD
Evan M. Koslow
Tamara Fowler
Prince Frederick, MD


text:
Joint Letter to Consumer Product Safety Commission on Infant Sleep Product Safety
PDF Download of Letter
The Honorable Robert S. Adler, Acting Chairman
The Honorable Elliot F. Kaye, Commissioner
The Honorable Dana Baiocco, Commissioner
The Honorable Peter A. Feldman, Commissioner
4330 East-West Highway
Dear Acting Chairman Adler and Commissioners Kaye, Baiocco, and Feldman:
Our coalition of medical and consumer organizations strongly urges the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to finalize without delay its rule on infant sleep products proposed under section 104 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPISA).[1]One year ago, on April 12, 2019, Fisher-Price and the CPSC announced the recall of about 4.7 million Rock 'n Play inclined sleepers. Since that time, there have been a number of additional recalls, but many inclined sleepers remain on the market and continue to place infants at a serious risk of death from suffocation.
To date, at least 92 infant deaths are linked to inclined sleepers, including at least 73 infant deaths reported to the CPSC and 19 additional infant deaths identified by Consumer Reports.[2]Finalizing a strong rule is essential to reduce confusion and help parents and caregivers across the country trust that the infant sleep products they buy and use for their babies are safe. A safety standard for infant sleep products must be strong enough to prevent the manufacture and sale of all inclined products with a back angle greater than 10 degrees that are intended or marketed for any duration of sleep, including those that refer to "napping," "resting," "snoozing," or similar terms.[3]In addition, we urge the CPSC to follow through on its stated intent to finalize a safety standard that keeps off the market other infant sleep products with known risks, including in-bed sleepers, which have been linked to infant deaths.[4]
Our organizations have persistently called for stronger measures to promote safe sleep environments for infants. For example, Consumer Reports has continued to investigate and report on the dangers associated with infant inclined sleepers and in-bed sleepers, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has long urged people not to use infant inclined sleep products because they conflict with the organization's evidence-based safe sleep recommendations.[5]All of the undersigned organizations have pressed the CPSC for strong regulatory and compliance actions, commended the agency as it has taken steps forward, and submitted individual comments supporting the proposed safety standard for infant sleep products. We also have urged Congress to pass the Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2019, which would ban infant inclined sleepers and crib bumper pads. The bill passed the U.S. House of Representatives in December 2019 and now awaits action by the U.S. Senate.[6]
We understand that the CPSC has been adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic and implementing related safety precautions, which is causing unavoidable delays for some of the agency's work; however, there is no reason to delay the final rule for infant sleep products given there is no additional research or testing that is needed for the CPSC to issue a strong and final mandatory safety standard. Dr. Erin M. Mannen's groundbreaking research,[7]along with the 92 documented infant deaths linked to inclined sleepers and the AAP's safe sleep recommendations, clearly provide sufficient evidence to finalize a rule ensuring that infant sleep products with a back incline greater than 10 degrees are kept out of the marketplace. Similarly, the CPSC's proposal sufficiently documents how having strong mandatory standards in place for all infant sleep products, including in-bed sleepers, would further reduce the risk of injury associated with infant sleep products and minimize confusion for parents and caregivers on infant safe sleep best practices.
In summary, all infant sleep products should adhere to the strong, mandatory safety standards for bassinets, cribs, or play yards. This will protect children by preventing the manufacture and sale of products that inherently conflict with the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep recommendations — which include that babies should be placed alone to bed on a firm, flat surface in their own space, with no extra bedding. The proposed rule for infant sleep products is critical to minimize the risk of future infant injuries and deaths in unsafe sleeping conditions. We urge the CPSC to finalize its proposed safety standard for infant sleep products without delay. The safety of babies across the country depends on it.
American Academy of Pediatrics Consumer Federation of America
Consumer Reports Kids In Danger
Public Citizen U.S. PIRG Education Fund
[1]15 U.S.C. 2056a; CPSC, Safety Standard for Infant Sleep Products, supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking, 84 Fed. Reg. 60949 et seq. (Nov. 12, 2019) (CPSC Docket No. 2017-0020-0010) (online at: www.federalregister.gov/d/2019-23724).
[2]CR, "New Evidence Shows More Infant Deaths Tied to Inclined Sleepers Than Previously Reported," (March 11, 2020) (online at: www.consumerreports.org/child-safety/new-evidence-shows-more-infant-deaths-tied-to-inclined-sleepers-than-previously-reported).
[3]This includes all inclined sleep products identified in the CPSC's proposal, including frame-type inclined sleep products, hammocks, compact inclined sleep products, and accessory inclined sleep products.
[4]Letter from Celestine Kish, Project Manager, Infant Inclined Sleep Products, CPSC to Scott Lewis, Subcommittee Chairman for ASTM Bassinets and Cradles and Richard Rosati, Subcommittee Chairman for ASTM Infant Incline Sleep Products, ASTM International (Dec. 12, 2019) (online at: www.regulations.gov/document?D=CPSC-2017-0020-0016); see also Joint letter from the AAP, Consumer Federation of America, CR, Kids In Danger, Public Citizen, and U.S. PIRG Education Fund urging the CPSC not to delay infant sleep rules (Jan. 22, 2020) (online at: www.regulations.gov/document?D=CPSC-2017-0020-0022); CR, "More Infant Sleep Products Linked to Deaths, a Consumer Reports Investigation Finds" (Oct. 21, 2019) (online at: www.consumerreports.org/child-safety/more-infant-sleep-products-linked-to-deaths).
[5]AAP, "SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment" (Nov. 2016) (online at: pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2016/10/20/peds.2016-2938.full.pdf).
[6]CFA, KID, CR, and Public Citizen, joint letter to House Committee on markup of product safety bills (July 16, 2019) (online at: advocacy.consumerreports.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/CFA-KID-CR-PC-to-House-EC-on-product-safety-bills-at-full-committee-markup-7-16-2019.pdf);
[7]Mannen EM. Biomechanical Analysis of Inclined Sleep. Tab B of CPSC Staff Supplemental Briefing Package on Infant Sleep Products. 2019 (online at: www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/SupplementalNoticeofProposedRulemakingforInfantSleepProducts_10_16_2019.pdf#page=91) at PDF p. 154.
White Collar Crime Pays
Public Citizen Urges OSHA Not To Delay Important Beryllium Protections For General Industry Workers
Testimony at OSHA's Hearing on Its Proposed Changes to the Ancillary Provisions Regarding Occupational Beryllium Exposure in Construction and Shipyard Sectors
Loophole Language and Compliance Caveats

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Consumers are increasingly aware of social and sustainability topics and an increasing number of scientists are calling for action when it comes to our food system. In order to remain future proof, the industry has to answer to that. Some producers however are far ahead of others. Especially in horticulture, where energy-efficient cultivation, CO2 compensation and innovations with a strong social character have been initiated for years.
Much less meat, much more vegetables and fruit. We are all aware that living by this mantra would mean a healthier planet with a healthier population. However, according to medical scientific journal The Lancet we need a comprehensive agricultural revolution to truly secure our future. Our food system and diet need to change radically, scientists stated last week. And health cannot be seen separately from sustainable food. The vast majority of our diet should come from wholegrain cereals, nuts, beans, vegetables and fruit and meat consumption needs to be reduced by 50 percent. The scientists who wrote the report thereby refer to one of the most compelling challenges of this time: securing enough wholesome food for the world's growing population in a manner that is sustainable. Consumers changing views on nutrition create promising opportunities in horticulture in the coming years. On the condition that growers also commit to a more sustainable world. Vegetables should not only be tasty and healthy, they should also be produced in a responsible way, taking people and the environment into consideration.
It is very encouraging that entrepreneurs in horticulture are often ahead of their counterparts in other industries. Next Generation Growing was introduced years ago to reduce the use of fossil energy in greenhouses. Crops are increasingly resistant to diseases, meaning less pesticides are needed and many innovations and initiatives contribute to better living conditions in developing countries. Irrigation by Condensation (IBC) for example, a technology from the Israeli company Roots Sustainable Agricultural Technologies Ltd (http://rootssat.com). This innovative solution helps growers in countries where water is scarce by using condensing air to irrigate crops. It is a standalone, closed-loop system, operated on solar energy, which irrigates crops by condensing air or soil humidity on the external surface of pipes. The principle is simple: water is first cooled to below dew point temperatures and then circulated through pipes just above the ground. Condense from the pipes falls down and irrigates the plants.
The irrigation system is currently ready for marketing, says Boaz Wachtel of Roots, although his company is trying to make the application even more cost effective. "Growers who would benefit greatly from this system are often not able to afford it. That is why we are looking for all sorts of partners to help us make the system affordable for everyone. By bringing in technical input, investments and contacts. Water scarcity is a major cause of poverty in many African countries. With limited water availability, there is limited availability of water for irrigation, this is a factor in food scarcity.


To my untrained eye, this small piece of quartz from Kalgoorlie, WA, is just that -- a scrap of quartz. But, as you can see in this photo, if you examine it under a strong light with a hand magnifier you can see countless tiny flecks of gold. It is in fact, by today's standards, a very rich piece of ore. The last I heard, ore had to have 1 gm/tonne to be payable. This corresponds, roughly, to a piece of gold the size of a pea for every cubic metre of rock crushed. In fact the mine owners prefer not to get ore as rich as this sample because, if the workers can see the gold, they will nick it.
The sample is about 18mm by 35mm.


text:
John 8:25 am on May 8, 2013	Permalink Reply
Tags: eddie nash ( 62 ), hovsep mikaelian ( 2 )
Was Armenian Tough Guy, Joe McLean, At Wonderland That Night?
Foreign-born gangsters and mafia guys often anglicize their real names, as in this case, Hovsep Mikaelian is now "Joe McLean". It's the same with Eddie Nash (Adel Nasrallah). I remember that during the 80s in Houston, there was even a Vietnamese mafia guy or gang leader with the street name "Tony Playboy". The list goes on…
Back to Joe McLean.
Since we are here to investigate Wonderland and to speculate on evidence, then we must consider who Nash sent to the Wonderland house to commit the murders. Now, if the police are correct in assuming it was Greg Diles, his brother Samuel, Holmes and another person or two. Maybe that other person was Joe McLean?
You see in 1981, he would have been a young street tough, newly arrived in L.A. from Armenia with his brother, Hrant, and hoping to make a name for himself. He is also old friends with Eddie Nash and he knew him in 1981.
They are best remembered for their role in the Wonderland murders and their ties to Abdel Gharib Nasrallah aka Eddie Nash.
–crimefile web site
There was not much blood around the doorway nook inside the house after the murders. So, if Billy Deverell unknowingly let the killers inside the gate, maybe they put a gun in his face when he opened the door and forced him to go upstairs and get the loot, while Barbara and the others were being killed. As this is going down, Joy is screaming her heard off. In the ensuing struggle, we know from the autopsy reports that Billy had a broken upper rib, right below the armpit.
Stay tuned… I am tracking down more info. There was allegedly a jailhouse audio interview with McLean. I will keep you posted.
Ties with local Palestinian operation.
Conventional wisdom says Jews and Palestinians are mortal enemies. By and large this is true except when applied to criminal dealings. As noted above, investigators noted the Israeli criminals headquartered in Calexico were involved in buying a selling records to a number of groups around the globe. The most curious of their dealings just might have been the transfers of military weaponry to Lebanese groups. The acknowledged leader of a Palestinian operation in Los Angeles was a clean shaven tough known as Joe McClean. McClean was in reality Hovsep Mikaelian who coincidentally made his home in North Hollywood. Mikaelian and his brother Hrant, involved themselves in a number of criminal ventures including drug smuggling, porn, tax fraud, extortion, murder and illicit fuel sales.
They are best remembered for their role in the Wonderland murders and their ties to Abdel Gharib Nasrallah aka Eddie Nash. Nasrallah immigrated to the U.S., in the 1950s and landed in Los Angeles where he opened several tony restaurants and clubs in the Hollywood area. Nasrallah became a household name when his drug operation orchestrated the murders of four people in a Laurel Canyon drug house on Wonderland Avenue. Remarkable for its ties to Hollywood's semi-elite and porns reigning king John Holmes, and the lengthy unsuccessful attempts to prosecute those involved.
Joe McLean having dinner with his family.
Nash ditched and dodged the efforts of local and federal prosecutors for years his understudy or associate Mikaelian wasn't quite as lucky. Mikaelian was convicted of fuel excise tax evasion, narcotics trafficking and wire fraud. The legal cocktail earned him a 14 year prison term handed down in 1998. Nash himself entered a guilty plea in connection with Laurel Canyon murders in 2001 and received 34 months in prison. Little effort was expended in stating the obvious ties between Nash's Palestinian operation and the Israeli mob.
The first acknowledgement that an Israeli crime syndicate was known to be operating in Los Angeles came as early as the mid-70s. By 1980 the LAPD, California State investigators and the FBI all had files open on selected targets. All began to work in concert with key members of Israel's parliament exchanging intelligence which gave the first intimation that something big was in the works. One of those working the operation from the Israeli side was current Israeli President Ehud Olmert.
Olmert noted in a document sent to the U.S., known as the "Eleven report," that Israel noted a sizeable number of crooks fleeing Israeli starting about 1975. Olmert noted the criminals began to fan out to every major European city some to the U.S., on the order of 11 biggies who called the shots from Israel. It was noted that one of the biggies or 11 made several trips to Los Angeles between 1975 and 1979. The California State Department of Justice produced a report detailing the origins of the Israeli mob and its ties to its U.S., Italian counterpart.
You can read more here about their sales tax scam. The "new mafia" guys in L.A. have prospered for a long time doing this type of ripoff and many other scams.
L.A.'s New Mobsters
http://www.dailynews.com
By Troy Anderson, Staff Writer
Russian, Armenian, Colombian, African-American, Latino, and Asian-American sinister operations fill vacuum left by absence of Italian Mafia in Los Angeles.
Long proud that the Italian-American Mafia, held little sway in Los Angeles, law enforcement officials say they now face a fast-growing and serious challenge from organized crime syndicates rooted in the county's booming ethnic communities.
The massive trade in illegal drugs transformed some street gangs in African-American and Latino communities into more sinister operations and Asian-American criminal syndicates have grown increasingly active in recent years as their populations have grown.
But the fastest-growing crime syndicates in Southern California involve Russians, Armenians and people from Eastern European countries who came to Los Angeles in the decade since the fall of the Soviet Union, officials said.
"When you think of organized crime, you think of more 'The Sopranos' kinds of stuff," said Joe Scott, spokesman for District Attorney Steve Cooley. "This is a more subtle, insidious form that has crept into the criminal culture."
Local law enforcement has taken so little notice of the problem that the District Attorney's Office previously had only one part-time prosecutor assigned to organized crime.
But Cooley plans to create an Organized Crime Division with a large team of investigators and prosecutors to focus on ethnic syndicates and hate groups.
For law enforcement, the advent of sophisticated organizations often preying on their own ethnic groups poses new and difficult problems. In part, the matter is compounded by the international nature of the syndicates and their criminal activity.
Extortion, insurance and medical fraud, auto theft, counterfeiting, credit card forgery, fuel tax fraud, money laundering, and murder are among the crimes local and federal officials say are rising as these syndicates become entrenched.
Cooley raised the issue at a recent FBI law enforcement conference, saying: "They have become a very serious concern in our county. As they gain power they will become corrupting influences."
Growing problem
Law enforcement authorities at various levels of government agreed that the problem is increasing in Southern California, although they offered no breakdown statistically, an indication that the problem is only now getting increased attention.
"It is considered to be one of the fastest-growing organized crime problems in California," said Sgt. Steve Voors of the Los Angeles County sheriff's Major Crimes Bureau.
It was only in the last five years that the FBI and U.S. Attorney's Office set up special organized crime task forces in Southern California.
"It's been increasing both in terms of the amount of crime and in terms of its transnational aspects," said Assistant U.S. Attorney Dan Saunders with the Organized Crime Strike Force. "We've seen more crimes committed and ones more international in scope."
Law enforcement officials estimate there are 600 to 800 Russian crime figures in the Los Angeles area, home to the second-largest number of Russian immigrants in the United States. Many of those crime figures live in the North Hollywood and West Hollywood areas, Saunders said.
In Glendale and Hollywood, officials estimate, there are more than 450 Armenian-American crime members and associates. Los Angeles County has roughly 300,000 Armenians, including more than 60,000 in the Glendale area, according to Alex Sardar, executive director of the Glendale chapter of the Armenian National Committee of America.
Sardar said the majority of Armenian-Americans are "thriving, law-abiding and involved citizens of their communities."
"Anything the District Attorney's Office can do to reduce crime in this community, particularly hate crimes since that affects the community especially, is worth looking into," he said.
Stephen Wiley, the FBI Criminal Division's special agent in charge, said Russian and Armenian organized crime syndicates are flourishing in the county and focusing their efforts on lucrative white-collar crime.
In particular, these syndicates are heavily involved in identity theft and various types of related immigration, insurance, medical and credit card fraud.
"It's exploding in Los Angeles County," said Allen Sawyer, chief deputy director of the California Office of Criminal Justice Planning. "The number of instances has gone from infrequent to commonplace."
International influence
Saunders in the U.S. Attorney's Office said organized crime syndicates from the Eastern Bloc have become a significant problem in the county.
"The most significant aspect is the transnational aspect of it. We see a lot of organized criminal activity here in Los Angeles and elsewhere in the United States with links to countries around the world. That is a new law enforcement challenge that state and federal law enforcement prosecutors are trying very hard to keep up with."
A 1999 California Department of Justice report on Russian organized crime found syndicates in the United States have formed alliances… (and that) the syndicates are known for their brutality and ruthlessness.
"Many Russian organized crime figures do not fear our judicial system and are becoming increasingly more violent towards law enforcement," according to the report.
In one case, Russian organized crime figures attempted to sell a submarine to Colombian drug cartel figures to help them smuggle drugs. In another case, Russian organized crime figures attempted to smuggle nuclear-related materials from the former Soviet Union.
"One of the most alarming trends we've seen in respect to Euro-Asian syndicates is their willingness to form strategic alliances with other groups," Saunders said.
"Several years ago we prosecuted several individuals for a diesel fuel tax evasion scheme and in that case there was a taking control of truck stops and gas stations."
In a September 1995 series of arrests, an FBI-led task force arrested 13 Russian-Armenians in the Burbank area and accused them of running a black market diesel fuel network that supplied gas stations and truck stops throughout the region, according to the Justice Department report.
The group — called the Mikaelian Organization after the group's leader and self-professed "godfather" of the Russian Mafia, North Hollywood resident Hovsep Mikaelian — ran a black market diesel fuel network that supplied gas stations and truck stops throughout Southern California, authorities said.
Prosecutors say the group managed to avoid paying $3.6 million in taxes in one year. Investigators confiscated more than $2 million in cash and property from Mikaelian, including a BMW, Jaguar, two Rolls-Royces and a boat in Marina del Rey.
FBI spokeswoman Laura Bosley said Mikaelian is serving a federal sentence in Oklahoma and is due to get out in 2009.
"The players quite often change," said Glendale police Lt. Lief Nicolaisen. "While you might clearly know who is in charge of a crime family in Chicago, it's not as easily understood by law enforcement dealing with this type of crime."
Said Sawyer, "It can take years to infiltrate, gather information, track the laundering of money, transactions and travel of suspects."
A Los Angeles Newspaper Group Newspaper
John, Localarts, Hollywood BLVD, and 2 others are discussing.	Toggle Comments
Jenn	8:45 am on May 8, 2013	Permalink | Reply
This is really interesting! From what I have read about our charming Mr. Nash, it seems to me, he would do favors for people and put them in a position where they maybe owed him HUGE favors. I would think that Gregory Diles would not have missed the opportunity to go the Wonderland house because of the humiliation inflicted on him in the Nash robbery plus the fact that Lind shot him. Samuel probably wanted to go for his brother, there was probably this guy, Holmes and I would think one other guy maybe? It doesn't seem like it's that big of a house and it looks like a herd of elephants went through it from the crime scene video. I realized most of the ransacking was intentional but I wonder if it was crowded in such a small place and that maybe they "tag teamed" the victims, one beating while the other ransacks. Too bad nobody will ever "man-up" especially since he was acquitted. They can't try him again. He can tell the truth now. Mr. Nash probably still heads up many many things that nobody even has even a small hint of.
Localarts	11:45 am on May 8, 2013	Permalink | Reply
Billy Deverell should have walked out on the balcony and looked around the corner before opening the door for Holmes. Things would have turned out much differently if he had.
Jenn	9:51 pm on May 8, 2013	Permalink | Reply
krislyn	11:29 pm on May 8, 2013	Permalink | Reply
you probably seen this. but here is the video link of the entire tour of the house inside and out. this shows room to room made from a fan a few yours ago. he got accessess and did a walkthrough.
http://john-harrison.blogspot.com/2009/01/video-tour-of-wonderland-murder-house.html?m=1
Hollywood BLVD	1:21 am on May 9, 2013	Permalink | Reply
One of the guys was named Danny.
John	8:25 am on May 9, 2013	Permalink | Reply
Interesting. Thanks.
Yeah, I believe Greg had another brother named Danny. Not much has ever been said about him. Unfortunately, we will never know who was actually there that night other than Holmes. 30 plus year's of speculation, hearsay and third hand stories still leaves us with the same questions.
If only Holmes would have come clean on his death bed.
John	12:28 pm on May 9, 2013	Permalink
I read that Holmes weighed 90 lbs and had 2 inch long fingernails when he died. I bet Lange and his partner Mac still have nightmares from that disturbing site.
← 1982 News Article: Porno Actor On Trial
Authorities Installed Bugged Phone At Eddie's Place →


text:
Pyramid is an unincorporated community in Washoe County, Nevada, United States.  At one time, it was a station on the Fernley and Lassen Railway located between Bristol and Big Canyon.  There was a post office at this location from March 1904 until November 1959.

Pyramid is located north of Sutcliffe, Nevada and should not be confused with Pyramid City, located south of Sutcliffe.

See also
 List of ghost towns in Nevada

References

Ghost towns in Washoe County, Nevada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I do not know this as a fact, but I believe we get more energized, more polarized, and more extreme in large groups of people. Sometimes we get dumber too. However, that does not mean that we therefore are better off on our own. That is exactly the polarized thinking you would expect out of large groups. There is a kind of sweet spot within small groups that employs the concept of two heads are better than one while avoiding the dangers of groupthink. That small group, in ages past, marking perhaps one or two dozen, was found in the family unit, consisting of perhaps 3 generations in one homestead. Pioneering families, all over the world, survive because of each other, and the knowledge of the past they pass on which serves as a foundation for innovation, allows these groups to flourish.
Today we pass on that knowledge through much larger educational institutions rather than the hands-on work of families. Even home-schooled children benefit from the aide of approved curriculums that aid in the teaching process and unify us into much larger groups. Passing the mantle of authority within these groups was not merely a matter of accomplishment, it was a matter of responsibility for the survival of the group.
Elisha had no ambition to receive the mantle of his master Elijah when he could have the man himself. He understood the weight of that mantle and wanted to learn as much and gather as much strength as he could before taking it up. Even then, he understood that it was not enough. Elisha knew his own weakness and so he prayed to God for a double portion of strength to take it up. Elisha was an inspiration among prophets, standing out as one who took the role with a serious reverence that inspires us all.
We are not given the mantle of Elijah. Instead, we have been given the mantle of Christ – one greater and slightly different in scope and purpose. While both proclaimed God's word to lost and rebellious people, Jesus Christ brought grace, forgiveness, and healing wherever He went. Our mantle is not just one of power and authority, it is one of transformation and redemption.
Unlike Elisha, we will never be left alone. Jesus gave us His Holy Spirit to guide and strengthen us. The Spirit of God was not given to us separately as individuals, but poured out upon all God's people working together. We not only have a double portion of God's Spirit, we have an army of Spirit-filled people in the Body of Christ to stand and to go with us. We need never fear being alone or lacking the strength to persevere.
What kind of responsibility has Christ given you?
Where do you need more of Christ's Spirit to strengthen you today?


text:
Maïné-Soroa, un département du Niger ;
 Maïné-Soroa, une ville du Niger.


When critical incidents occur, by their very nature, they are shocking and outside the usual realm of expectancy and normality, even for those whose occupations often involve high-threat situations.
Going from the banal and mundane to a split-second moment of shattering terror, can leave people stumbling and trying to make sense of what just happened to them. Of course, for the most part, people will naturally recover over time as they understand more about what happened, and what it means for them. Often, people use such experiences as sources of developmental learning and growth in the long-term.
What is clear, is that when disaster strikes, leaders can do a lot to enhance the psychological recovery of their colleagues. Not only is this important from a moral and humane point of view, it's also vital if organisations are to maximise resilience and enhance business continuity. The financial effects of poor mental health on business are well documented, we need not labour those points, but it's worth noting that organisations do have a very clear responsibility to adhere to Health and Safety Executive (HSE) standards on stress in the work-place.
So, what can leaders do to support colleagues following a critical incident?
Call the professionals. Be aware of your limitations.
First and foremost, ensure that you've got the best specialist help to support your people through the psychological aftermath of the incident. Critical Incident Stress Intervention and Support is highly specialised work – leaders often feel great responsibility for their people, and sometimes even feel responsible for the incident itself. A rescue mentality will not help in such a situation. It's also important that recovery operations begin as soon as possible – 'Watchful waiting' periods are not helpful, can be considered neglectful, and will not optimise recovery.
During or following a period of crisis, leaders will have a million tasks to undertake, from damage mitigation, to corporate communications and a myriad of procedural demands as prescribed in organisational policies. It is also of important that leaders are clearly visible on the front line too. Colleagues will be grateful to see the leader digging in like the rest of them and the maintenance of a high profile close to those in crisis will help the distressed to feel valued, and the angry to see a clear and decisive response. If the critical incident is of such a nature that it requires a lot of resources, then a leader should be specifically appointed to be available for colleagues.
It's easy but wrong to minimise the distress and suffering of others in order to try and 'bump' people through a crisis. If colleagues' thoughts, feelings or reactions are devalued then so would we devalue the person. Let people experience their upset, without criticism, without judgement, and without penalty. Be sensitive.
Be aware of people's reactions, know what they mean.
In the aftermath of a critical incident, a range of emotions and reactions will be displayed – it's a leader's job to try and understand what's going on with their people and get help when it's needed. Anger, sadness, guilt, and shock are all typical examples of critical incident stress responses – but what's the normal disposition of your team members? look out for extreme reactions of either a positive or negative nature – they may indicate a colleague needs some support.
Appreciate the people around you, give them some time, check in.
This may sound silly and obvious, but it's surprising how easy it is to get so wrapped up with crisis management that leaders forget to just have two minutes timeout with a colleague. Thank them for their efforts, ask how they're doing, listen to them, and talk with them. Share your thoughts and concerns about the incident with them too, make sure that they feel valued as a colleague, and valued as a human being.
The value of formal and informal briefings cannot be under-estimated. Your people will be thirsting for information which could help them make sense of what happened, what's happening now, and what's going to happen in the future. Maintain an open-door policy and be prepared to explain what's what frequently, and with patience.
Provide health and well-being information.
For colleagues, their significant others, and for families. Help them to know the signs of a more serious traumatic reaction, and provide guidance on exercise, diet and alcohol use following the incident.
Monitor yourself – If you aren't firing all cylinders, then you will not achieve the best for your people. Know yourself, and know when to ask for support.
Put the needs of your people first.
Managing corporate risk does not help people recover – supporting them does.
Sean McCallum is a veteran of the Iraq War of 2003 and an operational fire-fighter who co-led psychological recovery operations following the London terror attacks of 2017 and the Grenfell Tower disaster.


text:
What the Children Think About Homeschooling
I am often asked what are the benefits and disadvantages of homeschooling and all too often the answer is from the parents point of view. Home educating one's children is often a daunting task and it can be all-consuming. It's hard for parents to take an objective perspective about how their children feel about being homeschooled.
This comprehensive questionnaire is an attempt to unravel some of the myths that frequent the Internet that homeschooling children are in any way different from schooled children. Over time I hope to accumulate enough responses to demonstrate that a huge variety of children, with different strengths and limitations, likes, dislikes and styles of learning make up the homeschooled population. will help others understand the advantages and learn about what children think of homeschooling. Reply by emailing your answers to contact@beverleypaine.com.
1. How long have you been homeschooling?
2. Do you like homeschooling?
3. Are there things you do now that you couldn't do at home?
4. What do you like about homeschooling?
5. Are there things you wish you could do as a homeschooling that you can't?
6. How do you spend your time?
7. How do you decide what to do?
8. What do you learn the most from?
9. Some people think that unschooling won't work because if the kids have control of their
own learning they won't do difficult things or things they dislike? Do you agree with this?
Why, or why not?
10. Do you worry sometimes about keeping up with other kids?
11. How do you know when you've learned something?
12. What are your favourite things to do?
13. How do you find out about things you want to do or learn about?
14. Do you worry sometimes about being different from most other kids?
15. What sort of comments do you hear about your homeschooling?
16. Are you planning to go to school at any time? If so, when?
17. Do your friends homeschool?
18. Do you have friends that go to school?
19. How does homeschool compare with school?
20. What do you like most about homeschooling?
21. What do you dislike most about homeschooling?
22. Do you get enough time to do what you want to do?
23. How do you get on with your brother/s and/or sister/s, and your parents?
24. Any other comments?


LuxFlux visits Bayer at the start-up trade fair " CUBE Tech Fair" in Berlin.
LuxFlux celebrates its premiere at the trade fair in the Arena Berlin. In total, more than 200 international start-up companies are invited. LuxFlux will face a critical expert audience and present sorting solutions and process analysis techniques to multiple audiences. Our technology was particularly in demand for sustainable solutions in the fields of agriculture, life sciences and recycling.


text:
BRIGHTON BLACK HISTORY – DAY TRIP - Saturday 19/6/2010
Tickets are now on sale for our Midsummer Trip to the Seaside... at bargain prices, and with Black History included!
Black History tour of the Brighton and Hove Black History Group will provide a FREE Black History tour of the town centre.
You can find out about ''Dr Brighton' – Sake Dean Mahomed, who served in the English East India Company Bengal Army and whose Baths & curry house were famous 200 years ago and about Queen Victoria's African god-daughter.
There is also the option of visiting the Indian Army exhibition at the Royal Pavilion (£4.75 - 50% discount), before spending time on the beach or exploring the famous Brighton shops and attractions.
BOOK NOW TO AVOID DISAPPOINTMENT:
£8 adults, £6 concessions (includes NBHA members), £4 children under 16.
Leave Doddridge Centre, Northampton promptly at 8am, return around 8.30 pm, on Saturday 19 June. (If interested ask about the coach picking up from Wellingborough).
To book contact: NBHA or Phone: 01604 590967 for further details.
Mary Seacole Wreath Laying Service – TRIP TO LONDON - Saturday 8/5/2010
In association with Heritage Lives, tickets are now on sale for a coach trip to attend the Mary Seacole wreath laying service in London on Sat 8 May and includes lunch.
This is an annual event organised by the Mary Seacole Memorial Association and the Royal College of Nursing. The Service will be at 11am in the Roman Catholic Chapel in St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, and lunch will be provided at St Mark's Church Hall.
£12 adults, £11 concessions (includes NBHA members), £10 children under 16.
To book contact: NBHA
Phone: 01604 590967 for further details.
WE WERE THERE... REMEMBERING THOSE WHO SERVED - Wednesday 3/3/2010
On Wed 3rd March 2010 Northamptonshire Black History Association is proud to host a national exhibition created by the Ministry of Defence.
The We Were There exhibition highlights the important contribution made by Britain's ethnic communities to defence.
It helps to promote better understanding between communities by showing how men and women from Africa, Asia, the West Indies and other Commonwealth countries fought and served alongside British forces during many major conflicts.
For students of history and citizenship, the exhibition offers a wider and more inclusive perspective of our military past. It demonstrates how people from different religions, races, and cultures came together at times of great social, political, military and geographical change to help create and then defend the British Empire and democratic freedom. What has surprised many people is that most of those who served from the colonies were volunteers, including the whole of the Indian Army.
The modern armed forces section illustrates how the qualities of commitment, professionalism and bravery, exhibited in the past, continue today.
NBHA would like to invite ex-service personnel, individuals and community groups to take an active part in the 4 day event.
If you would like to get involved please contact NBHA or call 01604 590967. Click here to download a leaflet.
This free exhibition is open:
Wed (3rd) - 1pm to 4pm
Thurs (4th) & Fri (5th) - 10am to 4pm
Thurs (4th) - 6pm to 8pm
Sat (6th) - 10am to 1pm


text:
#ifndef INCLUDE_git_odb_h__
#define INCLUDE_git_odb_h__

#include "common.h"
#include "types.h"
#include "oid.h"
#include "oidarray.h"

/**
 * @file git2/odb.h
 * @brief Git object database routines
 * @defgroup git_odb Git object database routines
 * @ingroup Git
 * @{
 */
GIT_BEGIN_DECL

/**
 * Function type for callbacks from git_odb_foreach.
 */
typedef int GIT_CALLBACK(git_odb_foreach_cb)(const git_oid *id, void *payload);

/**
 * Create a new object database with no backends.
 *
 * Before the ODB can be used for read/writing, a custom database
 * backend must be manually added using `git_odb_add_backend()`
 *
 * @param out location to store the database pointer, if opened.
 *			Set to NULL if the open failed.
 * @return 0 or an error code
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_new(git_odb **out);

/**
 * Create a new object database and automatically add
 * the two default backends:
 *
 *	- git_odb_backend_loose: read and write loose object files
 *		from disk, assuming `objects_dir` as the Objects folder
 *
 *	- git_odb_backend_pack: read objects from packfiles,
 *		assuming `objects_dir` as the Objects folder which
 *		contains a 'pack/' folder with the corresponding data
 *
 * @param out location to store the database pointer, if opened.
 *			Set to NULL if the open failed.
 * @param objects_dir path of the backends' "objects" directory.
 * @return 0 or an error code
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_open(git_odb **out, const char *objects_dir);

/**
 * Add an on-disk alternate to an existing Object DB.
 *
 * Note that the added path must point to an `objects`, not
 * to a full repository, to use it as an alternate store.
 *
 * Alternate backends are always checked for objects *after*
 * all the main backends have been exhausted.
 *
 * Writing is disabled on alternate backends.
 *
 * @param odb database to add the backend to
 * @param path path to the objects folder for the alternate
 * @return 0 on success; error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_add_disk_alternate(git_odb *odb, const char *path);

/**
 * Close an open object database.
 *
 * @param db database pointer to close. If NULL no action is taken.
 */
GIT_EXTERN(void) git_odb_free(git_odb *db);

/**
 * Read an object from the database.
 *
 * This method queries all available ODB backends
 * trying to read the given OID.
 *
 * The returned object is reference counted and
 * internally cached, so it should be closed
 * by the user once it's no longer in use.
 *
 * @param out pointer where to store the read object
 * @param db database to search for the object in.
 * @param id identity of the object to read.
 * @return
 * - 0 if the object was read;
 * - GIT_ENOTFOUND if the object is not in the database.
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_read(git_odb_object **out, git_odb *db, const git_oid *id);

/**
 * Read an object from the database, given a prefix
 * of its identifier.
 *
 * This method queries all available ODB backends
 * trying to match the 'len' first hexadecimal
 * characters of the 'short_id'.
 * The remaining (GIT_OID_HEXSZ-len)*4 bits of
 * 'short_id' must be 0s.
 * 'len' must be at least GIT_OID_MINPREFIXLEN,
 * and the prefix must be long enough to identify
 * a unique object in all the backends; the
 * method will fail otherwise.
 *
 * The returned object is reference counted and
 * internally cached, so it should be closed
 * by the user once it's no longer in use.
 *
 * @param out pointer where to store the read object
 * @param db database to search for the object in.
 * @param short_id a prefix of the id of the object to read.
 * @param len the length of the prefix
 * @return
 * - 0 if the object was read;
 * - GIT_ENOTFOUND if the object is not in the database.
 * - GIT_EAMBIGUOUS if the prefix is ambiguous (several objects match the prefix)
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_read_prefix(git_odb_object **out, git_odb *db, const git_oid *short_id, size_t len);

/**
 * Read the header of an object from the database, without
 * reading its full contents.
 *
 * The header includes the length and the type of an object.
 *
 * Note that most backends do not support reading only the header
 * of an object, so the whole object will be read and then the
 * header will be returned.
 *
 * @param len_out pointer where to store the length
 * @param type_out pointer where to store the type
 * @param db database to search for the object in.
 * @param id identity of the object to read.
 * @return
 * - 0 if the object was read;
 * - GIT_ENOTFOUND if the object is not in the database.
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_read_header(size_t *len_out, git_object_t *type_out, git_odb *db, const git_oid *id);

/**
 * Determine if the given object can be found in the object database.
 *
 * @param db database to be searched for the given object.
 * @param id the object to search for.
 * @return
 * - 1, if the object was found
 * - 0, otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_exists(git_odb *db, const git_oid *id);

/**
 * Determine if an object can be found in the object database by an
 * abbreviated object ID.
 *
 * @param out The full OID of the found object if just one is found.
 * @param db The database to be searched for the given object.
 * @param short_id A prefix of the id of the object to read.
 * @param len The length of the prefix.
 * @return 0 if found, GIT_ENOTFOUND if not found, GIT_EAMBIGUOUS if multiple
 *         matches were found, other value < 0 if there was a read error.
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_exists_prefix(
	git_oid *out, git_odb *db, const git_oid *short_id, size_t len);

/**
 * The information about object IDs to query in `git_odb_expand_ids`,
 * which will be populated upon return.
 */
typedef struct git_odb_expand_id {
	/** The object ID to expand */
	git_oid id;

	/**
	 * The length of the object ID (in nibbles, or packets of 4 bits; the
	 * number of hex characters)
	 * */
	unsigned short length;

	/**
	 * The (optional) type of the object to search for; leave as `0` or set
	 * to `GIT_OBJECT_ANY` to query for any object matching the ID.
	 */
	git_object_t type;
} git_odb_expand_id;

/**
 * Determine if one or more objects can be found in the object database
 * by their abbreviated object ID and type.  The given array will be
 * updated in place:  for each abbreviated ID that is unique in the
 * database, and of the given type (if specified), the full object ID,
 * object ID length (`GIT_OID_HEXSZ`) and type will be written back to
 * the array.  For IDs that are not found (or are ambiguous), the
 * array entry will be zeroed.
 *
 * Note that since this function operates on multiple objects, the
 * underlying database will not be asked to be reloaded if an object is
 * not found (which is unlike other object database operations.)
 *
 * @param db The database to be searched for the given objects.
 * @param ids An array of short object IDs to search for
 * @param count The length of the `ids` array
 * @return 0 on success or an error code on failure
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_expand_ids(
	git_odb *db,
	git_odb_expand_id *ids,
	size_t count);

/**
 * Refresh the object database to load newly added files.
 *
 * If the object databases have changed on disk while the library
 * is running, this function will force a reload of the underlying
 * indexes.
 *
 * Use this function when you're confident that an external
 * application has tampered with the ODB.
 *
 * NOTE that it is not necessary to call this function at all. The
 * library will automatically attempt to refresh the ODB
 * when a lookup fails, to see if the looked up object exists
 * on disk but hasn't been loaded yet.
 *
 * @param db database to refresh
 * @return 0 on success, error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_refresh(struct git_odb *db);

/**
 * List all objects available in the database
 *
 * The callback will be called for each object available in the
 * database. Note that the objects are likely to be returned in the index
 * order, which would make accessing the objects in that order inefficient.
 * Return a non-zero value from the callback to stop looping.
 *
 * @param db database to use
 * @param cb the callback to call for each object
 * @param payload data to pass to the callback
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero callback return value, or error code
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_foreach(git_odb *db, git_odb_foreach_cb cb, void *payload);

/**
 * Write an object directly into the ODB
 *
 * This method writes a full object straight into the ODB.
 * For most cases, it is preferred to write objects through a write
 * stream, which is both faster and less memory intensive, specially
 * for big objects.
 *
 * This method is provided for compatibility with custom backends
 * which are not able to support streaming writes
 *
 * @param out pointer to store the OID result of the write
 * @param odb object database where to store the object
 * @param data buffer with the data to store
 * @param len size of the buffer
 * @param type type of the data to store
 * @return 0 or an error code
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_write(git_oid *out, git_odb *odb, const void *data, size_t len, git_object_t type);

/**
 * Open a stream to write an object into the ODB
 *
 * The type and final length of the object must be specified
 * when opening the stream.
 *
 * The returned stream will be of type `GIT_STREAM_WRONLY`, and it
 * won't be effective until `git_odb_stream_finalize_write` is called
 * and returns without an error
 *
 * The stream must always be freed when done with `git_odb_stream_free` or
 * will leak memory.
 *
 * @see git_odb_stream
 *
 * @param out pointer where to store the stream
 * @param db object database where the stream will write
 * @param size final size of the object that will be written
 * @param type type of the object that will be written
 * @return 0 if the stream was created; error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_open_wstream(git_odb_stream **out, git_odb *db, git_off_t size, git_object_t type);

/**
 * Write to an odb stream
 *
 * This method will fail if the total number of received bytes exceeds the
 * size declared with `git_odb_open_wstream()`
 *
 * @param stream the stream
 * @param buffer the data to write
 * @param len the buffer's length
 * @return 0 if the write succeeded; error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_stream_write(git_odb_stream *stream, const char *buffer, size_t len);

/**
 * Finish writing to an odb stream
 *
 * The object will take its final name and will be available to the
 * odb.
 *
 * This method will fail if the total number of received bytes
 * differs from the size declared with `git_odb_open_wstream()`
 *
 * @param out pointer to store the resulting object's id
 * @param stream the stream
 * @return 0 on success; an error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_stream_finalize_write(git_oid *out, git_odb_stream *stream);

/**
 * Read from an odb stream
 *
 * Most backends don't implement streaming reads
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_stream_read(git_odb_stream *stream, char *buffer, size_t len);

/**
 * Free an odb stream
 *
 * @param stream the stream to free
 */
GIT_EXTERN(void) git_odb_stream_free(git_odb_stream *stream);

/**
 * Open a stream to read an object from the ODB
 *
 * Note that most backends do *not* support streaming reads
 * because they store their objects as compressed/delta'ed blobs.
 *
 * It's recommended to use `git_odb_read` instead, which is
 * assured to work on all backends.
 *
 * The returned stream will be of type `GIT_STREAM_RDONLY` and
 * will have the following methods:
 *
 *		- stream->read: read `n` bytes from the stream
 *		- stream->free: free the stream
 *
 * The stream must always be free'd or will leak memory.
 *
 * @see git_odb_stream
 *
 * @param out pointer where to store the stream
 * @param len pointer where to store the length of the object
 * @param type pointer where to store the type of the object
 * @param db object database where the stream will read from
 * @param oid oid of the object the stream will read from
 * @return 0 if the stream was created; error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_open_rstream(
	git_odb_stream **out,
	size_t *len,
	git_object_t *type,
	git_odb *db,
	const git_oid *oid);

/**
 * Open a stream for writing a pack file to the ODB.
 *
 * If the ODB layer understands pack files, then the given
 * packfile will likely be streamed directly to disk (and a
 * corresponding index created).  If the ODB layer does not
 * understand pack files, the objects will be stored in whatever
 * format the ODB layer uses.
 *
 * @see git_odb_writepack
 *
 * @param out pointer to the writepack functions
 * @param db object database where the stream will read from
 * @param progress_cb function to call with progress information.
 * Be aware that this is called inline with network and indexing operations,
 * so performance may be affected.
 * @param progress_payload payload for the progress callback
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_write_pack(
	git_odb_writepack **out,
	git_odb *db,
	git_transfer_progress_cb progress_cb,
	void *progress_payload);

/**
 * Determine the object-ID (sha1 hash) of a data buffer
 *
 * The resulting SHA-1 OID will be the identifier for the data
 * buffer as if the data buffer it were to written to the ODB.
 *
 * @param out the resulting object-ID.
 * @param data data to hash
 * @param len size of the data
 * @param type of the data to hash
 * @return 0 or an error code
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_hash(git_oid *out, const void *data, size_t len, git_object_t type);

/**
 * Read a file from disk and fill a git_oid with the object id
 * that the file would have if it were written to the Object
 * Database as an object of the given type (w/o applying filters).
 * Similar functionality to git.git's `git hash-object` without
 * the `-w` flag, however, with the --no-filters flag.
 * If you need filters, see git_repository_hashfile.
 *
 * @param out oid structure the result is written into.
 * @param path file to read and determine object id for
 * @param type the type of the object that will be hashed
 * @return 0 or an error code
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_hashfile(git_oid *out, const char *path, git_object_t type);

/**
 * Create a copy of an odb_object
 *
 * The returned copy must be manually freed with `git_odb_object_free`.
 * Note that because of an implementation detail, the returned copy will be
 * the same pointer as `source`: the object is internally refcounted, so the
 * copy still needs to be freed twice.
 *
 * @param dest pointer where to store the copy
 * @param source object to copy
 * @return 0 or an error code
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_object_dup(git_odb_object **dest, git_odb_object *source);

/**
 * Close an ODB object
 *
 * This method must always be called once a `git_odb_object` is no
 * longer needed, otherwise memory will leak.
 *
 * @param object object to close
 */
GIT_EXTERN(void) git_odb_object_free(git_odb_object *object);

/**
 * Return the OID of an ODB object
 *
 * This is the OID from which the object was read from
 *
 * @param object the object
 * @return a pointer to the OID
 */
GIT_EXTERN(const git_oid *) git_odb_object_id(git_odb_object *object);

/**
 * Return the data of an ODB object
 *
 * This is the uncompressed, raw data as read from the ODB,
 * without the leading header.
 *
 * This pointer is owned by the object and shall not be free'd.
 *
 * @param object the object
 * @return a pointer to the data
 */
GIT_EXTERN(const void *) git_odb_object_data(git_odb_object *object);

/**
 * Return the size of an ODB object
 *
 * This is the real size of the `data` buffer, not the
 * actual size of the object.
 *
 * @param object the object
 * @return the size
 */
GIT_EXTERN(size_t) git_odb_object_size(git_odb_object *object);

/**
 * Return the type of an ODB object
 *
 * @param object the object
 * @return the type
 */
GIT_EXTERN(git_object_t) git_odb_object_type(git_odb_object *object);

/**
 * Add a custom backend to an existing Object DB
 *
 * The backends are checked in relative ordering, based on the
 * value of the `priority` parameter.
 *
 * Read <sys/odb_backend.h> for more information.
 *
 * @param odb database to add the backend to
 * @param backend pointer to a git_odb_backend instance
 * @param priority Value for ordering the backends queue
 * @return 0 on success; error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_add_backend(git_odb *odb, git_odb_backend *backend, int priority);

/**
 * Add a custom backend to an existing Object DB; this
 * backend will work as an alternate.
 *
 * Alternate backends are always checked for objects *after*
 * all the main backends have been exhausted.
 *
 * The backends are checked in relative ordering, based on the
 * value of the `priority` parameter.
 *
 * Writing is disabled on alternate backends.
 *
 * Read <sys/odb_backend.h> for more information.
 *
 * @param odb database to add the backend to
 * @param backend pointer to a git_odb_backend instance
 * @param priority Value for ordering the backends queue
 * @return 0 on success; error code otherwise
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_add_alternate(git_odb *odb, git_odb_backend *backend, int priority);

/**
 * Get the number of ODB backend objects
 *
 * @param odb object database
 * @return number of backends in the ODB
 */
GIT_EXTERN(size_t) git_odb_num_backends(git_odb *odb);

/**
 * Lookup an ODB backend object by index
 *
 * @param out output pointer to ODB backend at pos
 * @param odb object database
 * @param pos index into object database backend list
 * @return 0 on success; GIT_ENOTFOUND if pos is invalid; other errors < 0
 */
GIT_EXTERN(int) git_odb_get_backend(git_odb_backend **out, git_odb *odb, size_t pos);

/** @} */
GIT_END_DECL
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Innovative and Transformative Studies of 2021
This year, we decided to try something a little different when it comes to our December E4A Methods Blog post. We crowdsourced innovative and/or transformative studies published in 2021 - innovative referring to approaches or methods that are novel or applied in new ways; and transformative reflecting studies that made meaningful contributions to decision- and policy-making to effect change.
The year has been shaped largely by COVID-19, with the pandemic impacting the research questions and topics being studied, the approaches taken to gathering primary data and interacting with participants, the types of policies being formed or reevaluated, and the personal lives of us all. So, as you might imagine, many of the "nominations" focused on COVID-19 related research - either public health prevention strategies like masking and vaccination policies or economic and social supports like financial stimulus efforts.
We didn't provide any topical bounds, though, and studies focused on a few other issues arose as well, including tobacco control policies and maternal health. Read on for the round-up of research highlighted through our crowdsourcing effort.
We'd love to hear if you have any thoughts about the articles below or if there are other studies you'd add to the list.
In addition to driving research in new directions, the pandemic has also served to highlight existing inequities and encourage us to consider how we might do things differently moving forward to achieve more equitable outcomes.
Perpetuating Inequities During the COVID Response
Geographically targeted COVID-19 vaccination is more equitable and averts more deaths than age-based thresholds alone
Wrigley-Field, et al. Science Advances, 29 Sep 2021, Vol 7: Issue 40
Why it's transformative: This study highlighted that age-based vaccine prioritization resulted in an unintended consequence of exacerbating racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 deaths. Geographic targeting was identified as a more equitable approach.
COVID-19 Public Health Policies & Recommendations
Impact of community masking on COVID-19: A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh
Abaluck et al. Science, Epub ahead of print.
Why it's innovative: The study demonstrates that trials can be done in a variety of settings and for topics where it might not have initially been thought possible. It also highlights how rapid iteration of multiple versions of an intervention can be simultaneously tested to produce timely and actionable information.
Why it's transformative: The findings make it abundantly clear that masks work to slow COVID-19 transmission.
Mask Mandates Save Lives
Hansen, N-J.H., & Mano, R.C. International Monetary Fund, August 2021.
Why it's transformative: The authors of this study quantified the impact of mask mandates on lives saved (87,000 through December 2020; with an estimated additional 58,000 lives saved if a national mandate had been implemented in April 2020). The paper contributed insights to inform more nuanced masking policies.
The impact of keeping indoor dining closed on COVID-19 rates among large US cities: a quasi-experimental design
Schnake-Mahl, et al. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2021 Nov 12.
Why it's transformative: This study provided strong evidence to support controversial indoor dining closures, demonstrating that policies to keep indoor dining closed were effective in reducing COVID-19 cases by approximately 61%, averting up to 142 daily cases in the average city.
Why it's innovative: As E4A postdoc, Ellicott Matthay, explained to me, the creative approach to identifying proxy control sights used for this study about indoor dining policies was very clever. In policy studies the outcomes in places that didn't adopt a policy are often used as proxies for what would have happened in places that did adopt the policy, had they not actually adopted the policy. One thing that's challenging is that sometimes these proxies aren't very good - all of the places that did adopt the policy are pretty different from the places that didn't, and probably some of the places without the policy never would have adopted the policy at all. In this study, the authors identified cities that did want to adopt a policy, but were then pre-empted from doing so by state law. This makes their outcomes pretty convincing proxies for cities that were in fact able to implement the law under study. As Ellicott told me, "I hadn't seen that done before, and I think it's a very useful tool for deriving causal inferences in policy studies."
Cash Supports Prior to and During the Pandemic
Guaranteed Income Reduces Income Volatility, Improves Health, Leads to More Full Time Employment, and More
West, S., Castro Baker, A., Samra, S., & Coltrera, E. Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration (SEED): Preliminary Analysis: SEED's First Year. Issue Brief, 2021.
Why it's transformative: Initial findings from the SEED evaluation catalyzed a national movement of cities and local governments to start their own guaranteed income programs (Mayors for Guaranteed Income) and a corresponding coordinated approach to evaluating them (Penn Center for Guaranteed Income Research). Despite a relatively small sample size (125 people in the treatment group), findings were statistically significant, demonstrating how impactful guaranteed income is for participating individuals/families.
Direct Cash Transfers for Patients with Covid-19 Served by New York City's Safety-Net Health System
Kumar, S.L., Calvo-Friedman, A., Clapp, J., Brookover, C., & Davis, N.J. NEJM Catalyst: Innovations in Care Delivery, June 2021.
Why it's transformative: Low-income recipients with COVID-19 used unconditional cash transfers of $1,000 to pay rent and utilities and buy food. In some cases recipients also used funds to pay for home-use supplemental oxygen, demonstrating that cash transfers can have positive effects on recipients, beyond what may have originally been foreseen.
Benefits of Building Back Equitably from COVID-19
The Economic Gains from Equity
Shelby R. Buckman, Laura Y. Choi, Mary C. Daly, and Lily M. Seitelman, Sept. 2021, Brookings.
Why it's transformative: The authors found that if opportunities and outcomes were more equitably distributed by race and ethnicity the U.S. economy would be up $22.9 trillion over the 30 year period they examined. Information from this study has proven itself to be instrumental in helping advocates and other stakeholders argue for more equitable COVID-19 recovery policies and programs.
Unionization
Unions and Inequality over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data
Farber, H.S., Herbst, D., Kuziemko, I., Naidu, S. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 136, Issue 3, August 2021, Pages 1325–1385.
Why it's innovative: The authors developed a "new source of microdata" extending back into the 1930s. Using this data, they were able to analyze the impacts of unionization on income inequality and discovered that unions act to reduce inequality.
Why it's transformative: The data and findings fill in a lot of holes in economic history, as well as the history of labor and unions. There is quite a lot of potential for this work to be transformative for efforts in which groups are attempting to unionize and as advocates and others work to reduce income inequality.
Maternal Health/Healthcare
Variation in guideline-based prenatal care in commercially insured population
Gourevitch, R.A., Natwick, T., Chaisson, C.E., Weiseth, A., & Shah, N.T. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. October 2021.
Associated STAT News article (opinion piece)
Why it's transformative: The study highlighted that using the number of prenatal visits - versus the type of care received - is not an adequate proxy for quality of care. Many pregnant people were not receiving the most basic health care services, despite following the recommended regimen of visits. This was particularly true for patients living in rural communities, younger patients, lower income patients, patients with low educational attainment, and in locations that had a higher proportion of minoritized groups. Findings can inform updates to practices and guidelines around caring for pregnant people, as well as other instances in which care depends on regular timing and number of visits, such as well-child visits.
Tobacco21
Geographical distribution and social determinants of Tobacco 21 policy adoption and retail inspections in the United States, 2015–2019 (and related studies)
Dai, H., Tamrakar, N., Rathnayake, N., & Samson, K. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2021;19(September):71.
Why it's innovative: Authors used a novel approach combining big data analytics with community engagement, participation, and agency.
Why it's transformative: Findings have the potential to improve health equity through better implementation and enforcement of T21 policies at the local level. As Summer Woolsey, one of the research team members mentions, "the goal of this study is to use the voices of stakeholders from around the nation to strengthen T21 policy to reduce youth tobacco use while also looking at how to close potential health disparities the law may exacerbate."
Thanks to everyone who shared studies they found innovative and/or transformative with us! This is only a small subset of the amazing studies published in 2021 - let us know the studies you'd add to the list by emailing evidenceforaction@ucsf.edu.
Steph Chernitskiy (she/her/hers) is the Evidence for Action communications manager.


text:
IPO Stock-Screener
Strides gets USFDA nod for Oseltamivir Phosphate for Oral Suspension
Strides Pharma Science, a pharmaceutical company manufacturing IP-led niche products, announced that its step-down wholly owned subsidiary, Strides Pharma Global Pte., Singapore, has received approval for Oseltamivir Phosphate for Oral Suspension,6 mg/mL from the United States Food & Drug Administration (USFDA). The product is bioequivalent and therapeutically equivalent to the Reference Listed Drug (RLD), Tamiflu for Oral Suspension, 6 mg/mL, of Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.
According to IQVIA MAT November 2020 data, the US market for Oseltamivir Phosphate for Oral Suspension, 6 mg/mL was approximately ~USD 132 million. The product will be manufactured at the company's facility at Bengaluru and will be marketed by Strides Pharma Inc. in the US market.
The company has 271 cumulative ANDA filings with USFDA of which 243 ANDAs have been approved and 28 are pending approval.
Shares of the company declined Rs 18.50 or 4.16%, to settle at Rs 426.50. The total volume of shares traded was 180,350 at the BSE (Tuesday).


Looking and sounding like Eric Morecambe's impish rock-star nephew, Elvis Costello revealed his hitherto untapped talents as a music-hall comedian at the first British date of his Revolver tour. Based on a live format from the veteran post-punk singer's 1980s heyday, first revived on a US tour last year, much of the marathon set list was decided by inviting audience members on stage to operate the Spectacular Spinning Songbook, a giant wheel featuring the names of dozens of Costello songs. A people-powered search engine 20ft tall, this was interactive entertainment at its most hands-on.
Costello's elaborate stage set resembled a cross between a Victorian fairground and a Sixties TV game show, complete with cocktail bar and burlesque go-go dancers. Fronting a trio that included two of his trusted longtime collaborators, the keyboard player Steve Nieve and the drummer Pete Thomas, the 57-year-old singer performed in a vintage three-piece suit, jaunty straw boater and occasional top hat. Roll up, roll up for the wisecracking ringmaster of vaudevillian rock.
While the Spectacular Spinning Songbook was an impressive visual gimmick, Costello soon made it clear that some choices were rigged, and largely abandoned it during the second half. Instead, he digressed into solo numbers and more rootsy interludes, including a guest appearance by his younger brother Ronan MacManus, together with his Celtic folk band Biblecode Sundays. The singing siblings duetted delicately on "American Without Tears" and "Little Palaces," paying tender tribute in the process to their late father, the trumpet player Ross MacManus.
Costello also briefly put his comic persona on hold to revisit his political protest-singer past. "Tramp the Dirt Down," an impassioned hate song unapologetically relishing the prospect of Margaret Thatcher's death, earned a riotous standing ovation. Glasgow clearly does not forgive and forget. The mournful Falklands war requiem "Shipbuilding," wrapped in a silken jazzy arrangement and warm vibrato vocal, was more understated but all the more powerful for it.
On stage for almost three sweat-soaked hours, Costello's style-hopping versatility and Springsteen-style stamina levels were extraordinary, even if he sometimes seemed to be overwhelming us with quantity over quality. A few too many meandering plodders weighed down the show's first half, including an ungainly reworking of Chuck Berry's "No Particular Place to Go."
But the final hour was pure joy, from the Cole Porter-style ditties of the singer's most recent album, National Ransom, to the thunderous closing stampede of Costello classics, including "Oliver's Army" and "Pump it Up." As the exhausted Glasgow crowd filed out afterwards, Eric and Ernie crooned "Bring me Sunshine" over the venue sound system. The perfect coda to a funny, boisterous, big-hearted musical-hall variety show.
Tour includes: Symphony Hall, Birmingham, tonight; Brighton Centre, tomorrow; City Hall, Newcastle, Fri; Albert Hall, SW7, May 23, 24.
Stephen Dalton reviews Elvis Costello & The Imposters with guests BibleCode Sundays, Friday, May 11, 2012, Clyde Auditorium, Glasgow, Scotland.
This page was last modified on 25 February 2016, at 15:11.


text:
Geetanjali Misra
Geetanjali Misra is the co-founder and Executive Director of CREA. She has worked at the activist, grant-making, and policy levels on issues of sexuality, gender, and rights. Before CREA, she worked for the Ford Foundation, was co-founder of SAKHI, an anti-VAW organization for women of South Asian origin, President of the board for AWID, and is currently on the board of Mama Cash.
Feminists and feminisms come in many forms: Suspend judgment!
Written by: Srilatha Batliwala All articles by Srilatha Batliwala
Written by: Geetanjali Misra All articles by Geetanjali Misra
Written by: Nafisa Ferdous All articles by Nafisa Ferdous
The responses of feminist activists to the Suspend Judgement! campaign reveal the hidden hierarchies of power and...
To build feminist futures, suspend judgment!
Published on: 3 October 2016
As feminist thinkers and activists, we must tackle not only the systemic discrimination embedded in the world...
A feminist defence of sex workers' rights
In the international row over decriminalizing sex work, Geetanjali Misra takes issue with the on-line petition...
Taking a comprehensive view of sexual violence
Published on: 30 September 2013
Written by: Vrinda Marwah All articles by Vrinda Marwah
It has been 9 months since the iconic Delhi gang rape. Even as women's groups struggle to retain the focus on...


text:
AnimeLuvv PM
9k+Casting Moonshadows » by Moonsign Lonely and outcast by his classmates, Remus wishes on a moonshadow for a friend who understands him. To his amazement his wish is answered not once, but three times, by his former enemies, the Marauders. SBRL and some JPLE as well, of course.
Harry Potter, M, English, Angst & Romance, chapters: 87, words: 395k+, favs: 6k+, follows: 5k+, updated: 9/14/2020 published: 2/5/2007, Remus L., Sirius B.
2k+ Courage of the Spirit » by Velf Chihiro is 20 and at university. Her brush with the spirit world still influences her life today... (Extract- moved to Wattpad and AO3. See my profile for details.)
Spirited Away, T, English, Drama & Romance, chapters: 4, words: 2k+, favs: 3k+, follows: 634, updated: 6/20/2020 published: 7/1/2004, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
1k+ Inertia Creeps » by Cennis If everyone but you believes you're mad, who is wrong? Ciel Phantomhive, patient D18, is not mad. Sebastian Michaelis, new orderly at St. Victoria's Asylum, agrees.
Kuroshitsuji, M, English, Horror & Suspense, chapters: 34, words: 252k+, favs: 1k+, follows: 994, updated: 12/28/2014 published: 9/7/2010, Ciel P., Sebastian M.
491Pomme des Luxure » by LittleMissAfflicted And so the story went, that the malevolent God of the Underworld had dragged the innocent beauty to hell. But what the story never told was that the beauty, hardly innocent, had baited him to do so. Sebastian/Ciel
Kuroshitsuji, M, English, Romance & Fantasy, chapters: 22, words: 69k+, favs: 703, follows: 666, updated: 8/25/2014 published: 12/31/2010, Ciel P., Sebastian M.
1k+Robin and Tutor » by TheAntitype-ZEPHYR Ciel is ready to die; after all, nothing is left for him in this world. But Sebastian doesn't agree to his young master's sentiment. Now that he's free of his contract, he's ready to have fun...and that fun includes Ciel, whether he likes it or not...
Kuroshitsuji, T, English, Romance & Supernatural, chapters: 20, words: 78k+, favs: 1k+, follows: 1k+, updated: 12/29/2013 published: 8/16/2009, Ciel P., Sebastian M.
3k+ American dreams in an English village » by ButterFish USUK, AU - Alfred and his family move to an English village and become neighbours to Arthur and his family. Arthur doesn't like the American, but they befriend each other, and slowly friendship becomes love. But that's not good in a little township!
Hetalia - Axis Powers, M, English, Romance & Drama, chapters: 31, words: 243k+, favs: 3k+, follows: 2k+, updated: 10/13/2013 published: 5/24/2010, America, England/Britain
3k+ Giving In » by Artificial Starlight Besides their climate, Canada and Russia didn't think they'd have anything in common; they didn't care enough to find out. However, during this meeting, perhaps they'll get a chance and hopefully the experience will change them for the better.
Hetalia - Axis Powers, M, English, Adventure & Romance, chapters: 40, words: 307k+, favs: 2k+, follows: 1k+, updated: 10/9/2013 published: 1/13/2010, Canada, Russia
306Love The Impossible Science » by Kimba LionHeart Edward Elric joined a gang, giving up his life and innocence for his family. Roy Mustang is the Student Council President and must submit to the image placed upon him. If they want to be together, they will have to overcome the chains that bind them. -On Hiatus-
Fullmetal Alchemist, M, English, Romance & Humor, chapters: 30, words: 76k+, favs: 179, follows: 219, updated: 7/18/2013 published: 12/7/2009, Edward E., Roy M.
27End of Days » by A.Mi.E.'s Sonata Hello, Reader, my name is Alfred F. Jones and my brother and I are the only humans left on this god forsaken planet. This is the story of the end of the world, from the day Hell rained down on the earth. no pairings, character death, human names used
Hetalia - Axis Powers, T, English, Sci-Fi & Tragedy, chapters: 5, words: 12k+, favs: 18, follows: 21, updated: 6/17/2013 published: 3/5/2011, America, Canada
32The Best Of Us » by too much in the sun "You're not him. You can't be him." Frank Fontaine has taken Atlas, and Jack sets out to rescue him. Alternate ending to the game.
BioShock, T, English, Adventure, chapters: 5, words: 14k+, favs: 49, follows: 43, updated: 3/5/2013 published: 3/12/2011, Atlas, Jack R.
600Heaven and Hell » by Li the Twilight Knight A collection of one-shots and short-stories, some AU, some not, mostly centered around Ciel and Sebastian and how they interact. Angels and demons, childishness, love and hate, truth and lies and everything in between... it's all here. Enjoy.
Kuroshitsuji, T, English, chapters: 65, words: 88k+, favs: 327, follows: 233, updated: 12/31/2012 published: 10/14/2010, Ciel P., Sebastian M.
1k+ The Sophomore Year » by Demand Truth After meeting at boarding school, Alfred and Arthur became unlikely friends and then lovers. Now, they'll face their sophomore year in America and all the challenges that come with being young, famous, and madly in love. Sequel to Invitational Year.
Hetalia - Axis Powers, M, English, Romance & Drama, chapters: 34, words: 173k+, favs: 1k+, follows: 668, updated: 7/12/2012 published: 6/18/2011, England/Britain, America
48 Big Time Texting » by SpadePariah Carlos innocent as can be steps into a flirtatious exchange of messages with his bandmate James. How far can a single text message go?
Big Time Rush, M, English, Romance & Friendship, chapters: 4, words: 7k+, favs: 63, follows: 24, updated: 7/12/2012 published: 6/25/2011, Carlos, James
83 Duplicate » by Madarao The Authoress Third part of Memories series. Full Sum inside. Excerpt from sum: Winry has been murdered. Edward's having nightmares and seeing things. Threats are everywhere, and everyone he loves is in danger. Ed knows he has to do something... RoyEd
Fullmetal Alchemist, M, English, Horror & Crime, chapters: 9, words: 36k+, favs: 32, follows: 45, updated: 6/8/2012 published: 7/11/2011, Edward E., Roy M.
36 Five Reasons Why I Love Rukia Kuchiki » by Meulin's Disciple Ichigo has to write an essay for Ochi-sensei on the topic of contradictions. Who does he use as his muse? Rukia, of course! IchiRuki, oneshot. Rated M for a bit of lemon. Please read and review.
Bleach, M, English, Romance & Humor, chapters: 2, words: 2k+, favs: 95, follows: 24, updated: 6/6/2012 published: 5/21/2010, Ichigo K., Rukia K.
467Rescue Me » by xX-Afflicted-Xx Trapped within his own despair, he relies on no one, his station demands it of him. However, in the late night hours, help finds him... But is it really that simple? NEW CHAPTER UP 5/13/12!
Vampire Knight, M, English, Romance & Hurt/Comfort, chapters: 25, words: 67k+, favs: 255, follows: 276, updated: 5/13/2012 published: 3/26/2010, Kaname K., Zero K.
65Love Game » by emiopsfanfics A sadistic rapist lurks in the shadows of Central. He prays off the first people he can get. It's his game, his rules. All I can say is you better win. I hope I've gotten better at editing since 1 year ago.
Fullmetal Alchemist, M, English, Suspense & Horror, chapters: 6, words: 9k+, favs: 36, follows: 54, updated: 4/30/2012 published: 7/17/2010, Edward E., Winry R.
532Beauty and the Beast » by GothicFaery94 To stop the Mad Hatter's killing spree in her town, Alice's father makes a deal with the madman. He'll give Alice to the Hatter and the madman will stop killing the townspeople. Alice/Mad Hatter.
Alice in Wonderland, 2010, M, English, Romance, chapters: 14, words: 24k+, favs: 700, follows: 546, updated: 4/14/2012 published: 3/7/2010, Alice K., Mad Hatter/Tarrant Hightopp
169God Complex » by Ce.elle Rukia comes home to find a naked, holier-than-thou man demanding to be dressed, fed and bathed. And she had zero idea who he was. Little did she know just how accurate first impressions can be.
Bleach, M, English, Humor & Romance, chapters: 2, words: 9k+, favs: 266, follows: 291, updated: 3/17/2012 published: 1/28/2012, Ichigo K., Rukia K.
431Etched » by Withershins AU L/Light. It was a brief fling that lasted much longer than it was supposed to. One a student and part-time forensic artist, the other the greatest detective in the world. When it ended, both were sure they'd never meet again. But fate had other plans. [Discontinued]
Death Note, M, English, Drama & Romance, chapters: 16, words: 134k+, favs: 427, follows: 449, updated: 2/18/2012 published: 4/10/2011, Light Y., L
163 Page 1 2 3 4 .. Last Next »
All CategoryAlice in Wonderland, 2010 (2)Avatar: Last Airbender (1)Big Time Rush (4)BioShock (9)Bleach (23)Death Note (6)Dragon Ball Z (5)Final Fantasy X (4)Final Fantasy X-2 (1)Fullmetal Alchemist (18)Halo (3)Harry Potter (2)Hellsing (1)Hetalia - Axis Powers (41)Inuyasha (1)Invader Zim (2)Kekkaishi (1)Kuroshitsuji (29)Naruto (1)Ouran High School Host Club (1)Sakura Wars (1)Samurai Jack (1)Spirited Away (2)Superjail! (1)Toy Story (1)Uglies (1)Vampire Knight (1) Sort: Updated Sort: Pub Date Sort: Title Sort: Words Sort: Reviews


text:
Q: create environment variables based on the webpack entry point I am splitting my react code with multiple entry points in webpack, these bundles are then loaded independently at completely different pages(HTML documents).
I have a lot of shared code, and most of my shared logic is under if-else check, so this shared logic is present in all the bundles, causing the increase in bundle size.
The condition for this if-else check is based on a variable which we generate at run time, but these variables can be set based on the entrypoint.
Is it possible to set some environment variable based on entrypoints(which I can use for the if-else check), so webpack can treeshake and remove the code which is not required in the bundle?

A: I had a more less similar issue on my project. We needed to have different builds for different products and of course wanted to omit irrelevant code in the bundle. Might be you find something useful here
Step 1 - Create new build definitions with variables
{
 scripts: {
  "build:first": "SET TYPE=first && npm run build",
  "build:second": "SET TYPE=second && npm run build"
 }
}

Note - I am using SET SOME_VARIABLE=XXXX to provide environment variable for the build
Step 2 Split your shared file into several files:
/shared/first.tsx
export const firstMethod = () => "I AM A FIRST";

/shared/second.tsx
export const secondMethod = () => "I AM A SECOND";

Step 3 - update your imports and point them to the specific files
// first.tsx
import { firstMethod } from "./shared/first";
export default () => <> First Component says: {firstMethod()}  </>;

// second.tsx
import { secondMethod } from "./shared/second";
export default () => <> Second Component says: {secondMethod()} </>;

Final Step - Use If-Else, Environmental variable and React.lazy to load your entry point
let LazyComponent: React.LazyExoticComponent<() => JSX.Element>;

if (process.env.TYPE === "first") {
  LazyComponent = React.lazy(() => import("./first"));
} else {
  LazyComponent = React.lazy(() => import("./second"));
}

class App extends Component {
  render() { return <LazyComponent />; }
}

Now, if you run npm run build:first and check the bundle you will see that:

*

*First.tsx and Second.tsx components put to theirs own respective chunks

*Functions we moved out of the common file was respectively inlined into the related chunks.

*Not used functions did not exists in the build

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Adding function to prototype vs object literal (using this) I know that if I add a function to an constructors prototype that it will then be available to every object that uses the constructor. And I know that if you add a function as an (object literal I think it's called?) that you would have to access it as a property of the constructor itself. (Difference between adding function to prototype and object literal in javascript).
But what if you declare the new function as 'this.xxx()' within the constructor. How is that any different from declaring a property on the prototype?
My guess is that declaring the function object on the prototype would result in delegation (and only one copy of that function would exist). Vs with 'this', every constructed object would have its own copy of the function.
Is that correct?
function A () {
}

A.prototype.printNum = function () {
    console.log('hi');
}

x = new A ();
x.printNum(); // hi

function B () {
    this.printNum = function () {
        console.log('hi');
    }
}

y = new B ();
y.printNum(); // hi

A: You are correct.
function A() {}
A.prototype.printNum = function() {};

function B() {
  this.printNum = function() {};
}

var a1 = new A();
var a2 = new A();
console.log(a1.printNum == a2.printNum); // true

var b1 = new B();
var b2 = new B();
console.log(b1.printNum == b2.printNum); // false

In the first case, there is one instance of the function implementation printNum. In the second case, each instance of B has its own function printNum.
Having many functions uses more memory and the object creation is more expensive, but prototype lookups can become a performance problem as well (according to some people, I'd still prefer them).

There is another difference: Many libraries use object.hasOwnProperty() to determine whether a property "is part of" an object. object.hasOwnProperty() returns true if the property is defined on the object itself instead of being inherited.
var a = new A();
cosole.log(a.hasOwnProperty('printNum')); // false

var b = new B();
console.log(b.hasOwnProperty('printNum')); // true

For example, JSON.stringify uses this to check which properties should be included in its output. This does not really matter as we are talking about functions (which will be ignored by JSON.stringify), but let's use this example:
function C() {}
C.prototype.myvar = "Hello world!";

function D() { this.myvar = "Hello world!"; }

var c = new C();
var d = new D();
console.log(JSON.stringify(c)); // {}
console.log(JSON.stringify(d)); // {"myvar":"Hello world!"}

Before ES5, it was pretty difficult to make variables "final" (Java) / "readonly" (C#) in JavaScript. The second approach allows to do so:
function C(finalVariable) {
  this.getMyVariable = function() { return finalVariable };
}

I do not say that this is good style or should be used in practice (it is not even safe as getMyVariable may be overwritten as well), it is just a fact: Using this function instantiation allows to access variables from the constructor without exposing them to other functions through object properties.

A: Your intuition is correct, it's very easy to check for yourself by checking whether the function references are the same or not. Just add these lines to your sample code:
var x2 = new A();
var y2 = new B();

y.printNum === y2.printNum; //will return false
x.printNum === x2.printNum; //will return true

So indeed, when the function is on the prototype, the two instance object will share the reference. (Because when the printNum property lookup fails on x and x2 it will be delegated to the same prototype object, A.prototype. In case of y and y2, both instances have an own printNum property, so the prototype chain is not even consulted.)
(An object literal, btw, is a mostly unrelated subject, see MDN for a definition of it.)

A: The difference is when you call the constructor (using new) you execute what is inside, so, if you add to declare a bunch of time new B() you will have a performance issue.


Supreme Court: MEDIMMUNE, INC. v. GENENTECH, INC., et al.
The recent Supreme Court's decision MedImmune v. Genentech is discussed in relation to negotiating and drafting patent licenses. MedImmune accepted a license obliging payment of royalties for any drug covered by pending applications. The license provided that MedImmune was obliged to pay royalties until patent was held invalid but did not bar MedImmune from challenging patent's validity. When the patent was issued, Genentech sent a letter demanding royalty payments but MedImmune replied stating patent was believed to be invalid and unenforceable though MedImmune paid royalties "under protest…". MedImmune filed for a declaratory judgment action "on contractual rights and obligations," alleging that its drug "did not infringe" and "did not infringe any valid claim".


text:
Q: How do you add another collectionView on CollectionViewController? It covers up the whole collectionViewController everytime I put the collectionView
This is what I'm trying to make, another collectionView that I can scroll horizontally.
How do you do that? Thanks in advance.


The following links are offered as tools to MedChi members and allies seeking to become better advocates for physicians, patients, and the public health. For additional information, please contact MedChi's Annapolis office at 410-539-0872 or 800-492-1056, ext. 6001.


text:
August Events at the ANNEX and Gallery B
Lyn Mayewski – An Exhibition of New Felted Animal Sculptures – a Fundraiser to Benefit Endangered Species
The felted sculptures are primarily of endangered and threatened animals throughout Maine and the world. Half of the proceeds from sales will go to the World Wildlife Fund and the Climate Change Institute.
@Gallery B, 5 Main Street, Castine
Exhibition runs: July 28 – August 3, 2017
GALLERY B.
Free and open to everyone
Annex Feature Exhibition: The work of Thomas Barrett and Leni Mancuso, and their son, Kedron Barrett
•Opening reception: Tuesday, August 1, 5-7
•Artist Talk: August 5, 7PM
•August 1 – 7
These longtime Castine residents were astonishingly gifted, avant-garde, and prolific. It is our honor to show their work at Gallery B and the ANNEX. Tom and Leni met in New York in the 1940s while studying art at the Brooklyn Museum School. They came up in the art world in New York City when it was the nexus of art innovation and they worked side-by-side with many of the well-known artists of the Abstract Expressionism movement. Both of their bodies of work reveal a deep thoughtfulness, a response to the different eras they lived in, and explorations of shifting styles and movements. They started summering in Maine in the 1960s, and much like Marsden Hartley and Fairfield Porter before them, they brought worldly expressive and stylistic innovations to bear on representing the Maine landscape and culture that became its own style. Kedron Barret, their son, was raised immersed in art and became a fabulous painter and print-maker himself. He lives in Berlin, Germany and visits Castine 3 or 4 times a year. Please join us to hear him talk about the lives and work of his parents, Leni and Tom and his own work.
For more information visit: www.gallerybgallery.com
Categories Art Talk, Artists Reception, Castine, exhibitions, gallery, openings, shows


There's a "secret sister" gift exchange circulating on Facebook, that promises that participants will receive up to 36 gifts while only giving one of their own.
It sounds too good to be true, and (unsurprisingly!) it is. And it's not just a dubious idea — it's actually an illegal pyramid scheme.
It has been circulating in some form since at least 2015, and has had a resurgence in the run up to the holiday season, prompting at least one local police force to issue a fresh warning. So how does it work?
It spreads via a Facebook post advertising the exchange (36 gifts in exchange for 1!) and asking six people to join in. When someone does so, they're sent a message asking them to: 1) Send a gift worth $10 to the "secret sister #1," the first name on a list they're given, 2) Move the person currently in second place on that list — the person who made the post they responded to — into first place, 3) Put their own name in second place. 4) Re-post the public Facebook post to their own profile, and recruit six more people to do the same thing they just did.
An example of a recent Secret Sister post on Facebook advertising for participants.
If there's 100% recruitment and participation, then the poster receives 36 gifts, as each of the six people they recruited recruits six more people who sends them gifts.
But it only works up to a point. It's a pyramid scheme, reliant on a constant inflow of new members to pay old members their promised gifts. This means the people at the bottom have to lose out eventually — as there's only a finite number of people in the world.
As such, it's not just inadvisable to participate, it's outright illegal.
Earlier this week, the Wauwatosa Police Department in Wisconsin posted a warning on Facebook about the scam, and linking to an article from the US Better Business Bureau (BBB) about the problems with "secret sister" schemes.
"The U.S. Postal Inspection Services says that gift exchanges are illegal gambling and that participants could be subject to penalties for mail fraud," the BBB wrote.


Coolerfire genuine leather belts for men brand male pin buckle jeans cowboy Mens Belt Luxury Designer High Quality Leather belt.
We are be aware that all people really wants to buy on the most inexpensive selling price within Coolerfire genuine leather belts for men brand male pin buckle jeans cowboy Mens Belt Luxury Designer High Quality Leather belt. Nevertheless from time to time somewhat more expensive although it's swifter shipping, it's really a wonderful replacement for shopping..


Get ready for the most memorable personal and public events with EventPayg.
Get ready for the most memorable personal and public events with EventPayg. Eventpayg is online event services booking & event listing platform, where you can find event vendors for your personal or public event.
On eventpayg you can online book event services to organize your personal or public events like weddings, business meetings, exhibition, etc. as well as you can promote your public event by free listing on the website.
"We have your event essentials to make your event more effortless & hassle free".
Finding the right people for an event just became easier with EventPayg. EventPayg is an online platform for free event listing and vendor service bookings.
We are one of the top event management companies in Pune that gives you exclusive access to the best event suppliers, vendors and related service providers.
Our professionals are thoroughly verified and vetted for top services at the most reasonable prices. Irrespective of your budgets, you will find vendors and services at the price you want to pay in our event planner vendor list. So, start searching now, and make your event a mega success.
First select category, and your city, and search. It is that simple. EventPayg will generate a list of event suppliers and vendors relevant to your category..
From the huge list of event suppliers and vendors, choose the ones that appeal to you the most. Read up on the information provided on them before selecting.
You can directly contact the service provider and give your requirements, or fill out the convenient form in the Enquire Now section of the page for the vendor to contact you.


text:
The Naughtiest Girl Keeps a Secret (1999) is the first of a continuation of Enid Blyton's The Naughtiest Girl series by Anne Digby. The series follows four books first written by Enid Blyton in the 1940s, continuing Elizabeth Allen's adventures at Whyteleafe School. Elizabeth is still in the first form.
The Naughtiest Girl Keeps a Secret is about Elizabeth's struggle to keep friend John's secret about planning to win a local gardening competition.

1999 British novels
British children's novels
English novels
Novels set in boarding schools
Hodder & Stoughton books
1999 children's books