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4x4 Response
A voluntary sector organisation that provides 4x4 vehicles and drivers to support emergency responders and voluntary organisations.
Access Control Point ACP
Controlled point through which essential non-emergency service personnel may gain access through the outer cordon
Accord européean relatif au transport international des marchandises Dangereuses par Route ADR
European agreements concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road.
Aerial fuels
Any fuel found at a height of more than 3.5 metres above the ground surface
Aeronautical rescue co- ordination centre ARCC
Royal Air Force facility at Kinloss responsible for the co-ordination of all airborne assets deployed in a rescue operation
Air Accidents Investigation Branch AAIB
An independent organisation embedded within the Department for Transport and responsible for the investigation of civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the UK.
The safe, effective and efficient management of available BA air supplies, by the individual BA wearer, the BA team leader and the person responsible for BA entry control, to ensure air/work evaluation and management to achieve BA wearer welfare and safety and operational objectives. This will necessarily involve managing the wear to meet any turn-around pressure, specified exit pressure and report to BA entry control point pressure criteria. This will more than likely include (for example) appropriate selection of BA wearers at the entry control point; the use of appropriate air consumption rate/s and duration tables; the use of telemetry; appropriate tasking and briefing of BA team/s; use of an appropriate turn-around pressure (where required); regular gauge readings by both the BA wearer and the team leader; and regular/ dynamic communications between the BA team and the entry control point, etc.
Aircraft Co-ordinator AirCO
Person who supervises the involvement of multiple aircraft in search and rescue operations
Aircraft post-crash management incident officer APCMIO
The primary police point of contact for liaison on military support requirements associated with the control and cordon of the site
An airstair is a set of steps built into an aircraft so that passengers may get on or off the aircraft
Airwave AIRWAVE
The common, secure digital radio system used by the emergency services and others in the resilience and security community. The system is based on the TETRA standards set.
All lane running ALR
The permanent conversion of the hard shoulder to a running lane on a motorway, whilst retaining the ability to dynamically control traffic.
Alpha (a) radiation a-radiation
Type of radiation involving the emission of an alpha particle from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. Can only travel a few centimetres in air.
Renewable energy process involving a collection of processes by which micro-organisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen to produce fuel (methane).
An acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g. a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive
Animal welfare charities
RSPCA – Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
SSPCA – Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
USPCA – Ulster Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Aqueous film-forming foam AFFF
Low-expansion foams such as AFFF are low-viscosity, mobile, and able to quickly cover large areas.
Areas of nature conservation ANC
Areas of nature conservation (ANC) are important sites designated and protected for being the best examples of their characteristic wildlife and geology.
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty AONB
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, these are areas of land that have been identified for special protection to preserve their character and qualities because of their identified national importance. Refer to http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk/
Areas of Special Scientific Interest ASSI
Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) are important sites designated and protected for being the best examples of their characteristic wildlife and geology in Northern Ireland.
Association of Lowland Search and Rescue ASLAR
Charitable organisation dedicated to assisting the emergency services in looking for missing persons and to coordinate adequate arrangements for search and rescue in the lowland areas of the UK
ATEX directive ATEX
The ATEX directive consists of two EU directives describing what equipment and work environment is allowed in an environment with an explosive atmosphere. ATEX derives its name from the French title of the 94/9/EC directive: Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères EXplosives.
Auto-ignition temperature
Minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion of material in the absence of any external source of ignition.
Auxiliary power units APU
Usually a small engine carried on board an aircraft to provide an independent power source for such services as electrics, hydraulics, pneumatics, ventilation and air conditioning.
Avionics are the electronic systems used on aircraft, with systems including those for communication and navigation
Back burning
Back burning is a way of reducing the amount of flammable material during a controlled burn or wildfire by starting small fires along a manmade or natural firebreak in front of a main fire front
Water flowing back toward the dam face. Water in the backwash can be highly aerated. Aerated water may not support a person at the surface.
Base Controller (EA role)
An experienced EA member of staff responsible for overall incident control. They will be responsible
for directing the environmental response and providing support services to the site controller
and field staff at the incident. Other duties include mobilising external and internal resources
at a regional and area level.
BASIS Registration Limited
BASIS is an independent standards setting and auditing organisation for the pesticide, fertiliser and allied industries.
(Previously: British Agrochemical Standards Inspection Scheme)
Beachmaster
A nominated person who will exercise command and control of forward operations within a given area of operations. Similar to the role of sector commander
Materials found at controlled sites such as laboratories. These materials would fall within the categorisation systems recognised throughout the industry.
Biological agents
Broad term used by industry to refer to both biohazards and biological risks (see biohazards and biological risks)
Biological risks
Materials found outside of controlled sites, such as blood at a road traffic incident.
Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion BLEVE
Boiling liquid in liquefied gas containers subject to heat that rapidly vaporises and expands, explosively bursting the container.
Boundary starvation
Removing flammable materials or cargo on all six sides of a fire compartment to prevent fire spread, especially on board vessels.
Animals including domestic cattle, buffaloes, bison, yaks and antelopes
British Association of Immediate Care Schemes BASICS
Professional association whose members are volunteer medical practitioners trained and equipped for the pre-hospital care of casualties at the scene of an accident or emergency
A hot spot in a fire
A large watertight chamber, open at the bottom, from which the water is kept out by air pressure and in which construction work may be carried out under water.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR
A first aid technique which combines external cardiac massage with rescue breathing (inflating the lungs by using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation)
Casualty Clearing Officer
Ambulance officer who, in liaison with the Medical Incident Commander, ensures an efficient patient throughput at the Casualty Clearing Station
Casualty Clearing Station CasCS
Entity set up at the scene of an emergency by the ambulance service in liaison with the Medical Incident Commander to assess, triage and treat casualties and direct their evacuation
Casualty Information Unit
Element within the Casualty Bureau responsible for the recording of casualty data forwarded by Hospital Documentation Teams
Category 1 responder Cat 1
A person or body listed in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Civil Contingencies Act. These bodies are likely to be at the core of the response to most emergencies. As such, they are subject to the full range of civil protection duties in the Act.
A person or body listed in Part 3 of Schedule 1 to the Civil Contingencies Act. These are co-operating responders who are less likely to be involved in the heart of multi-agency planning work, but will be heavily involved in preparing for incidents affecting their sectors. The Act requires them to co-operate and share information with other Category 1 and 2 responders.
Originally the term used to denote an overhead power line support wire derived from the curve a suspended wire naturally assumes under the force of gravity. Now adopted to mean the whole overhead line system.
The part of the track bed outside the ballast shoulder that is deliberately maintained lower than the sleeper bottom. The area immediately outside the ballast shoulder but not between tracks.
Chemdata
A chemical information database provided by the National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC).
CHEMET can be used to track the dispersion of a chemical release. Telephone advice is available on demand which will give a simple short-range prediction of the anticipated behaviour of the plume. In an incident involving hazardous chemicals, local fire and police services can contact the Met Office Environment Monitoring and Response Centre (EMARC). For small-scale events, EMARC produces meteorological guidance and a plume prediction as a chemical meteorology (CHEMET) report. For larger release events, such as the Buncefield Oil Depot fire, more-sophisticated plume modelling techniques are used.
Chemical abstracts service number CAS
A CAS registry number, also referred to as CASRN or CAS number, is a unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature, including organic and inorganic compounds, minerals, isotopes, alloys and non-structural materials.
Chemical and Pipelines Emergency Planning Liaison Group CAP EPLG
National policy forum chaired by the Health and Safety Executive, including representatives of the Local Government Association and emergency planners
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives CBRNE
Used to describe Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive materials. CBRNE terrorism is the actual or threatened dispersal of CBRN material (either on their own or in combination with each other or with explosives), with deliberate criminal, malicious or murderous intent
Chemsafe Scheme CHEMSAFE
Scheme provided through the Chemical Industries Association to provide a rapid and co-ordinated response to minimise adverse effects to the public, property and the environment following a chemical distribution incident. 3 levels of service exist. 1 - information, 2 - advice at scene, 3 - practical assistance at scene.
Chest seal dressing
An airtight and watertight dressing for chest wounds
Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures Regulations  CLP
Regulations that adopt the United Nations' Globally Harmonised System (GHS) on classifying and labelling chemicals across all European Union countries, including the UK.
Common Operating Picture COP
Single display of information collected from and shared by more than one agency or organisation that contributes to a common understanding of a situation and its associated hazards and risks along with the position of resources and other overlays of information that support individual and collective decision making
Common Recognised Information Picture CRIP
A single, authoritative strategic overview of an emergency or crisis that is developed according to a standard template and is intended for briefing and decision-support purposes.
Two or more diseases existing at the same time in the body
Compressed-air breathing apparatus CABA
Sometimes referred to as a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or simply breathing apparatus (BA), CABA is a device worn by rescue workers, firefighters and others to provide breathable air in an irrespirable atmosphere.
Concept of Operations CONOPS
1. The statement of UK Central Government arrangements for responding to an Emergency.
2. A high level description of how a defined system will operate to achieve defined strategic objectives. CONOPS will establish the higher-level framework within which more specific, operational-level plans, protocols and procedures will be developed and implemented.
Confined space supervisor
Confined space supervisors should be given responsibility to make sure that the necessary precautions are taken, to check safety at each stage; they may need to remain present while work is underway.
Confined vapour cloud explosion CVCE
Type of explosion in a liquefied hydrocarbon or other flammable gas cloud in a confined space, such as vessels, pipelines or buildings.
Conoid
A conoid roof is a warped plane with a double curvature like the side of a cone. It is a popular design in modern architecture because of its visual drama and litheness, as well its typically non- traditional construction materials.
Contemporaneous
At the time, or as soon after the event as practicable
Control lines are constructed or natural barriers, including treated fire edges, which are used to control a fire. They can be constructed manually, mechanically or by applying water or retardants
Convection column
A rising column of pre-heated smoke, ash, particles and other debris produced by a fire
Critical National Infrastructure CNI
Critical National Infrastructure is a sub-set of critical infrastructure, and describes those elements of critical infrastructure which have been identified by Government as being of strategic national importance to essential service delivery. The loss or compromise of these assets would have a severe, widespread effect, impacting on a national scale.
Critical temperature
Temperature above which no amount of pressure can liquefy a gas. Does not relate to flammability or likelihood of explosion.
A substance used to obtain temperatures far below the freezing point of water (less than -78oC).
Dead fuels
Fuels with no living tissue. The moisture content of dead fuels is mostly controlled by external weather conditions, such as relative humidity, precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation
Decontamination area
Area containing fire and rescue service (and possibly other emergency service) decontamination personnel, equipment and structures. It is a suitable area initially established outside the inner cordon, at first uncontaminated by the initial release, that becomes contaminated by the managed and controlled movement of people who require decontamination. Before decontamination commencing, the inner cordon will be adjusted to encompass the decontamination area.
Defence Accident Investigation Branch DAIB
Conducts impartial and expert no-blame safety investigations across defence organisations to ensure that causal factors are identified and understood as quickly as possible, and recommendations made to prevent recurrence and enhance safety, whilst preserving operational capability. (Formerly known as the Military Air Accident Investigation Branch (MilAAIB)
Defence Safety Authority DSA
Brings together the Defence Safety and Environment Authority (DSEA), the Military Aviation Authority (MAA) and the newly established Defence Fire Safety Regulator (DFSR) to form an independent authority that provides defence organisations with a single, independent focus for safety and environmental protection.
Definitive care
The completion of recommended medical treatment
Deliberate reconnaissance
Deliberate reconnaissance is distinct from scene assessment, which is a specific activity carried out before any formal structures being in place and as a necessary part of the initial response. Deliberate reconnaissance differs for each of the different agencies involved; for example, the police service may deploy for deliberate reconnaissance of a building or for the recovery of evidence, whereas the fire and rescue service will primarily deploy for substance analysis and identification.
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DEFRA
The Lead Government Department responsible for policy and regulations on the environment, food and rural affairs. Is also responsible for minimising the impact of emergencies on food production, fishing and farming.
Detection, Identification and Monitoring   DIM
A suite of Detection Identification and Monitoring equipment provided by the Government to fire and rescue services.
Detection –the recognition of the presence of a CBRN material.
Identification – the determination of which CBRN material is present.
Monitoring – a continuous or periodic process of qualitatively or quantitatively determining the presence or absence of CBRN material.
Direct Electronic Incident Transfer DEIT
Information can be transferred electronically to various agencies instantaneously providing a clear understanding of assistance required.
Process of leaving a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle.
Distribution network operators DNOs
Companies that own and operate the distribution network of towers and cables that deliver electricity from the national transmission network to homes and businesses. They do not sell electricity to consumers.
An instrument that records the total amount of gamma radiation received
Drain earth
A fixed or portable earthing device applied for purpose of protection against voltages from transmission towers or poles.
Drogue gun
A device that fires the initial parachute of an ejection seat in an aircraft
An unmanned aircraft system or an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. The flight of a drone may be controlled either by remote control from an operator or by onboard computers.
Duration table
Duration tables and/or calculators are provided as a guide to the average duration of a BA cylinder, based on the amount of air likely to be used by a BA wearer at a given incident type (ie normal fire service operations, or complex and/or strenuous BA wear involving sustained increased physical activity).
This should be requested where crews need to go within one metre of electrical traction current after the section has been isolated. This will remove the risk of any residual current remaining.
Ebb current
Once high tide occurs, the ebb current (outgoing tide) will start. This current moves away from the shore
An eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is most visible behind large
emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers
Efflux
Force or wind generated behind a jet engine, particularly on or before take-off when high or full power is set, but also when the aircraft is taxiing
Electro-explosive device EED
Any device that is initiated electrically to provide an explosive or pyrotechnic effect; such devices may be associated with, or form part of, an explosive armament store or may be an explosive component in an aircraft or equipment system, e.g. an explosive cartridge in a fire extinguisher or a miniature detonating cord (MDC)
Electronic Communications Resilience & Response Group EC-RRG
Body hosted by the Department for Business Innovation and Skills to plan for risk within the telecommunications sector and to facilitate co-operation in maintaining the national infrastructure in an emergency
Emergency action code EAC
Designed to cover the first vital step and gives an immediate indication of any actions that could be taken should it be necessary, without the use of reference materials or expert advice. (Also known as HAZCHEM).
Emergency Reference Levels ERLs
Quantitative criteria used to plan for the introduction of urgent countermeasures in the event of a nuclear emergency.
Emergency Services Collaboration Working Group
Working group comprising senior leaders from the Association of Ambulance Chief, Executives (AACE), Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), Association of Police and Crime Commissioners (APCC), College of Policing, Chief Fire Officers Association (CFOA) and the Local Government Association (LGA) on behalf of Fire Authorities
Emergency Traffic Management
Temporary traffic management using limited traffic management resources to: provide short term protection to those dealing with or involved in the incident, prevent escalation, protect and give direction to traffic approaching the scene, protect a scene of a crime, manage incident related congestion.
End of life vehicle site ELV
Commonly referred to as a scrapyard.
Enhanced Information Service for Emergency Calls EISEC
Instantly gives the control room operator location information details which may be used as a guide to the potential location of an emergency.
The perimeter of a building is referred to as an envelope
Environment Group EG
Body providing environmental and public health advice to responders in the event of a maritime pollution emergency
Environment Monitoring and Response Centre EMARC
The Met Office Environment Monitoring and Response Centre.
A horse or other member of the horse family, such as donkeys, mules, ponies and zebras
Euhydrated
Normal state of body water content; absence of absolute or relative hydration or dehydration.
European Aviation Safety Agency EASA
An agency of the European Union with regulatory and executive powers in the field of civilian
European Community Urgent Radiological Information Exchange ECURIE
Process for early notification of overseas nuclear accidents.
Exothermic oxidation
A chemical process that results in the release of heat
Explosive canopy
In aircraft fitted with ejection seats, the transparent enclosure (or canopy) over the cockpit is blown upwards and rearwards by an explosive charge
Explosive Ordnance Disposal EOD
The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosives ordnance. It may also include explosives ordnance which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration.
Prevention of a fall arrest system user from colliding with the ground or structure in a free fall.
PPE which limits the extent of a fall.
Fall mitigation
Reduction in the severity of the hazards and risk associated with fall protection.
Prevention of an operative from going into free fall by way of a rigid barrier or similar protection method.
Personal fall protection system that restricts the travel of the user away from potentially hazardous areas.
Film-forming fluoroprotein FFFP
The type of foam that is better for cases where the burning fuel can form deeper pools
Fine fuels
Fast-drying dead fuels that are less than 6mm in diameter. Fine fuels ignite readily and are rapidly consumed by fire when dry. Examples of fine fuels include grass, leaves, ferns, mosses, pine needles and small twigs. When dried, fine fuels are referred to as 'flash fuels'
Fire intensity
The rate at which a fire releases energy in the form of heat, expressed as kilowatts per metre (kW/m) or kilojoules per meter per second (kJ). Fire intensity should not be confused with fire severity
Fire loading
The fire loading of a building or compartment is a way of establishing the potential severity of a hypothetical future fire. It is the heat output per unit floor area, often in kJ/m2, calculated from the calorific value of the materials present.
Fire point
Minimum temperature at which a mixture of gas and vapour and air continues to burn in an open container, when ignited.
Firebreak
A measure to prevent the spread of fire.
FireMet
FireMet is a weather system designed to provide fire and rescue service responders with the latest weather information to help them identify a safe approach when dealing with a major incident.
In vehicles or aircraft, a firewall is the part of the bodywork that separates the engine from the driver or pilot and passengers or crew
Fixed electrical ground power FEGP
A ground power supply for an aircraft parked at a stand, provided by means of a cable and plug.
Flame bending
The use of water sprays to bend a flame usually away from a risk or to protect personnel
Flame height
Measurement of flame height is calculated perpendicular from ground level to the tip of the flame. Flame height will be less than flame length if flames are tilted due to wind or slope
Flame length
The total length of a flame measured from its base at ground level to the flame tip. Flame length will be greater than flame height if flames are tilted due to wind or slope
Lowest temperature required to raise the vapour pressure of a liquid to a level where the vapour concentration in air near the surface of the liquid is within the flammable range; the air and vapour mixture will ignite in the presence of a suitable ignition source, usually a flame.
Fleet Diving Squadron FDS
RN bomb disposal unit, specialising in underwater Explosives Ordnance Disposal (EOD)
Force Incident Manager FIM
Tactical role within a Police service when responding to a major or critical incident.
Occasionally a fourth rail between the running rails may be found which acts as a return circuit that may carry a current of up to 250 volts DC.
Fractional horsepower motor FHP
An electric motor with a rated output power of 746 watts or less.
Free surface effect
Free surface effect is the change in stability of a vessel caused by liquids moving about freely in a tank or hold. As a vessel rolls, liquids in tanks or breached compartments accentuate the roll by moving freely from side to side of the tank accumulating first on one side and then the other, and may adversely affect the stability of the ship.
Fuel break
An existing, planned change or discontinuity in fuel that will reduce the likelihood of combustion, fire intensity and/or the rate of firespread.
Airborne solid particles (usually less than 0.0001mm) that have condensed from the vapour state.
G-force limiter
Reduces the force of the seat belt above a certain threshold, in conjunction with belt tensioners
A term used to describe all aircraft that weigh below 5700kg without fuel loading.
Girt bar
Metal bar that connects an emergency slide to the fuselage of an aircraft
Glasgow Coma Scale GCS
The Glasgow Coma Scale is a more in-depth way than AVPU used to assess a casualty's true level of responsiveness
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS
Internationally agreed set of safety procedures, types of equipment, and communication protocols used to increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed ships, boats and aircraft
Globally Harmonised System GHS
Globally Harmonized System of classification and labelling of chemicals. This is a UN scheme aiming to have, worldwide, the same criteria for; classifying chemicals according to their health, environmental and physical hazards; and hazard communication requirements for labelling and safety data sheets. The GHS is not a formal treaty, but instead is a non-legally binding international agreement. Therefore countries (or trading blocks) must create local or national legislation to implement the GHS.
Government departments responsible for the natural environment
Defra – Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs
DAERA – Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
Scottish Government Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate
Government Technical Advisor GTA
A senior official, usually from HSE's Nuclear Directorate who attends the Strategic Co-ordination Centre to provide independent and authoritative advice to the police and other authorities handling the off-site response to a nuclear emergency.
Ground fire
A fire burning below the surface of the ground
Ground fuels
Any fuel below the surface fuel layer, normally within the soil. Examples of ground fuels include organic matter, tree roots, shrub roots, rotting wood and peat
Ground power unit GPU
A mobile power unit used by aircraft parked on the stand.
Guano
Bird faeces.
A variety of chemicals that are designed to stop the flow of blood from open vessels
Hazard identification number HIN
Used to generically describe the hazards associated to dangerous goods transported in accordance with the European transportation of dangerous goods regulations. Sometimes referred to as the Kemler code.
Hazard manager
A weather information interface provided by the Met Office. It provides a range of services that help authorities prepare for and respond to emergency incidents that are caused or influenced by the weather. It contains access to FireMet and CHEMET.
Hazardous Area Response Teams HART
Specially recruited and trained personnel who provide the ambulance response to major incidents involving hazardous materials, or which present hazardous environments, that have occurred as a result of an accident or have been caused deliberately.
Health and Safety Executive HSE
The Health and Safety Commission (HSC) and the HSE are responsible for the regulation of almost all the risks to health and safety arising from work activity in Great Britain.
Health and Safety Executive's Nuclear Directorate HSE ND
HSE ND seeks to secure the protection of people and society from the hazards of the nuclear industry, by ensuring compliance with relevant legislation and by influencing the nuclear industry to create an excellent health, safety and security culture.It achieves this through:
• Working with other regulators and agencies
• Issuing licenses for various aspect of nuclear energy and materials
• Approving security arrangements within the industry and ensuring compliance with those arrangements
• Overseeing the UK's international commitments on the peaceful use of nuclear energy
• Engaging with all stakeholders in an open and transparent way to inspire confidence in their work
Health Protection Agency HPA
The Agency identifies and responds to health hazards and emergencies caused by infectious disease, hazardous chemicals, poisons or radiation. It also makes sure the nation is ready for future threats to health that could happen naturally, accidentally or deliberately
Health Protection Agency Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards HPA CRCE
A specialist centre of HPA which deals with radiation and chemical hazards and threats.
Health Protection Scotland HPS
Established by the Scottish Government to strengthen and co-ordinate health protection in Scotland.
Heat flux
Heat flux or thermal flux is the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface per unit time. The SI derived unit of heat rate is joule per second, or watt. Heat flux density is the heat rate per unit area.
Helical flow
Found along a shoreline and is a corkscrew or spring-like current that is constantly rolling and pushing out into the laminar flow. This spiral water flow can sweep a person off their feet and push them into the main current or make swimming back to shore a challenge
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine HMTD
Home-made explosive.
For Fire Service purposes a high rise building may be considered as a building that contains 5 floors above fire service access level or the height of the highest floor is more than 18m above that level.
High-expansion foam HX
High-expansion foams have an expansion ratio over 200 - 1000. They are suitable for enclosed spaces such as hangars, where quick filling is needed.
Highways Agency Managed Motorways
A managed motorway entails the permanent conversion of the hard shoulder to a running lane, whilst retaining the ability to dynamically control traffic
Horizontal fuel arrangement
A description of the distribution of fuels on the horizontal plane. The horizontal arrangement of fuels will influence the relative ease with which fire can spread horizontally across an area of land
Hydraulic injection
Hydraulic injection can be defined as the puncturing of the epidermis by a jet of a fluid under pressure
Immediate care practitioners
Highly trained doctors who provide their services in support of the ambulance service
Immiscible
(of liquids) not forming a homogeneous mixture when mixed
Improvised decontamination
Public decontamination using an immediately available method (wet or dry) before the use of specialist resources, such as blotting with paper tissues, washing in on-site facilities etc.
Improvised explosive device IED
Bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action. Improvised explosive devices have many forms but the most common group is peroxide explosives.
Incident log
A timeline record of all significant decisions, actions and information received that is used to develop the incident operational plan and inform the de-briefing process.
Inflatable tubular system
A type of airbag system.
Infrastructure manager
An infrastructure manager is the person who is responsible for developing, maintaining, managing or operating an infrastructure.
Inland water categories
Inland waters are classified as one of four categories:
Category A - narrow rivers and canals where the depth of water is generally less than 1.5 metres
Category B - wider rivers and canals where the depth of water is generally 1.5 metres or more and where the significant wave height could not be expected to exceed 0.6 metres at any time
Category C - tidal rivers, estuaries and large, deep lakes and lochs where the significant wave height could not be expected to exceed 1.2 metres at any time
Category D - tidal rivers and estuaries where the significant wave height could not be expected to exceed 2 metres at any time
Instrument landing system ILS
Electronic navigation system that provides guidance information to allow aircraft to approach and land, including during inclement weather conditions.
Integrated Risk Management Plan IRMP
The planning process and subsequent plan for a fire and rescue authority to demonstrate how its strategic direction meets the needs of the community
Inter-Agency Liaison Officer IALO or ILO
A Fire and Rescue Service officer who can advise and support Incident Commanders, Police, Medical, Military and other Government Agencies on the organisation's operational capacity and capability to reduce risk and safely resolve incidents at where an attendance may be required. This will include major incidents, public order, domestic or any other situation that would benefit from the attendance of the ILO.
Interim decontamination
The use of standard fire and rescue service equipment to provide a planned and structured 'wet' decontamination process for members of the public.
International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA
The IAEA is the world´s centre of cooperation in the nuclear field. It was set up as the world´s "Atoms for Peace" organization in 1957 within the United Nations family. The Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies.
International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP
An advisory body providing recommendations and guidance on radiation protection
International Maritime Dangerous Goods code IMDG
IMDG code is accepted as an international guideline to the safe transport or shipment of dangerous goods or hazardous materials by vessel on water.
International Maritime Organisation IMO
United Nations specialised agency that has developed international legislation dealing with the safety of life at sea and the prevention of pollution from ships.
International Nuclear & Radiological Event Scale INES
A tool for promptly communicating to the public in consistent terms the safety significance of reported nuclear and radiological incidents and accidents.
International ship-to-shore firefighting connection
An international shore connection to be used with marine firefighting systems during an emergency when a stricken ship has a system failure. International shore connections are portable universal couplings that permit connection of shipboard fire main systems between one ship and another or between a shore facility and a ship when their respective system threading is mismatched. Both the ship and the facility are expected to have a fitting such that in an
emergency can be attached to their respective fire hose and bolted together to permit charging
the ship's system.
Intrinsically safe equipment has been designed and tested to not become an ignition source in a flammable atmosphere
Invacuating
Process of confining people to a space in an emergency, especially on board vessel.
An inverter (or power inverter) is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) or vice versa
Ionisation
The process by which a neutral atom or molecule acquires or loses an electric charge. The production of ions.
Radiation that produces ionisation in matter.
An event where matter has been externally subjected to ionising radiation.
A professional technique used on a casualty, especially if there is suspected spinal injury, to open their airway
Joint Decision Model JDM
A decision model presented within the JESIP joint Doctrine and used to make analytical decisions
Joint Dynamic Hazard Assessment JDHA
An assessment of risk taking into account the requirements of all emergency response organisations present at an incident
Joint Service Co-ordination Group
Military body responsible for formal liaison (civil-military and tri-Service) within an Army Regional Brigade's area
Ladder fuel
Fuels that provide vertical continuity that allow fire to move through the vertical fuel arrangement
Laminar flow
The fastest water travelling with no restrictions in a straight line down a river
Last known position LKP
During a search, clues will be gathered about the person. Occasionally, the clue will be solid enough to be reasonably certain the search subject left it. Since the LKP is more recent than the PLS, this provides a new starting point for the search.
This is any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids or any other material through which it has passed.
Lethal dose  LD50
Amount of a material, given all at once, that causes the death of 50% (one half) of a group of test animals. The LD50 is one way to measure the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a material.
Lifeboat Operations Manager
Person with overall responsibility for a RNLI lifeboat station
Line blocked
This is a rail term for the line being blocked and is a stronger term than requesting trains to be stopped.
Liquefied natural gas LNG
Gases obtained from a natural gas field or by fractional distillation of petroleum crude oil (such as methane and ethane) and stored and transported as a liquefied refrigerated (cryogenic) gas.
Liquefied petroleum gas LPG
Gases obtained from fractional distillation of petroleum crude oil such as propane, butane, which are stored and transported as a liquefied gas under pressure.
Member of the aircrew (civilian or military) who is in charge of planning and distributing cargo and passengers on an aircraft
Local emergency planning groups
Local resilience forums (England and Wales)
Regional or local resilience partnerships (Scotland)
Emergency preparedness groups (Northern Ireland)
Lower explosive limit LEL
Lower explosive limit is the lowest concentration of vapour/gas in air at a given pressure and temperature that will propagate a flame when exposed to an ignition source.
Lowest concentration of vapour/gas in air at a given pressure and temperature that will propagate a flame when exposed to an ignition source.
Lower flammable limit
Machine-made mineral fibres MMMF
A wide range of materials that use the inherent strength and durability of woven fibres bonded together with resins. Previously known as Man-made mineral fibres
Major Accident Hazard Pipeline(s) MAH
pipelines; MAHP(s)
Supply systems for dangerous fluids as defined in schedule 2 of Pipeline Safety Regulations, which include high pressure natural gas, other gases, oils and chemicals
Man lock
An airlock that allows workers to pass in and out of spaces with differing air pressures, especially one providing access to and from a tunnel, shaft, or caisson in which the air is compressed.
Manual in-line stabilisation
Maintaining the head and neck of an unconscious casualty in neutral alignment
Marine Response Centre MRC
Maritime and Coastguard Agency co-ordination centre for oil pollution incidents at sea that require a national response
Maritime Incident Response Group MIRG
Specialist fire and rescue service teams strategically located around the country, for response to emergencies at sea
Maritime Patrol Aircraft MPA
Long range military aircraft for detecting, locating, tracking, observing and, if necessary, attacking surface vessels and submarines
Maritime Rescue Co- ordination Centre MRCC
Her Majesty's Coastguard regional centre overseeing and co-ordinating the search and rescue operations within a region
Maritime Rescue Sub Centre
Her Majesty's Coastguard unit subordinate to a Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre
Maritime Safety Information MSI
Internationally agreed system for promulgating information on weather, sea conditions and navigational hazards
Master of Vessel
Captain, commander or first officer of a ship or person in charge of a vessel or craft
Media Technical Briefer MTB
Provided by the nuclear site operator to provide input to press conferences and media briefings ahead of the Government Technical Advisor's arrival.
Medical Link Call
Service enabling a vessel or craft at sea to obtain medical advice from a qualified doctor, via radio or satellite
Military / MOD Coordinating Authority
Provides Government Liaison Officer in the event of an accident at a defence nuclear site.
Military Liaison Officer MLO
Officer appointed by the regional military headquarters to act as the point of contact within a civilian authority's command and control structure
Miniature detonating cord MDC
May also be referred to as a linear cutting cord (LCC) or a mild detonating cord. This is an explosive cord around or within military aircraft canopies/escape systems that once operated will explode outwards, shattering the canopy material to allow the seat to pass through easily.
Miscible
(of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture when added together
Missing Persons Enquiry Unit
Element within the Casualty Bureau responsible for receiving enquiries from the public and recording details of missing person
Mobile operations manager MOM
Generally respond to any incident involving the safe operation of the railway. These people can then be appointed to become the rail incident officer (RIO) at incidents.
MOD Headquarters Defence Nuclear Emergency Organisation HQ DNEO
Provides advice on MOD on MOD operational policy and military advice to the Government crisis management organisation following an emergency, including one arising through terrorist acts, involving Defence nuclear assets.
Multi Agency Incident Transfer MAIT
National Arrangements for Incidents Involving Radioactivity NAIR
A National advice scheme coordinated by Health Protection Agency to provide advice and assistance to the emergency services with incidents involving radioactivity where no formal contingency plans exist.
National Chemical Emergency Centre NCEC
The National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC) offers a 24-hour emergency hazardous materials response service that provides fast, trusted and up-to-the-minute advice to both the emergency services and businesses around the world. It is based in Harwell, Oxfordshire and operates under the CHEMSAFE scheme.
National frameworks NCAF
National Co-ordination and Advisory Framework - England
Fire and Rescue National Framework - Wales
Fire and Rescue Framework - Scotland
Corporate Plan and Annual Business Plan – Northern Ireland
National Scenic Areas NSA
In Scotland, sites identified with outstanding scenery that require special protection from inappropriate development. Refer to National Scenic Areas Scotland for more information
Natural Resources Wales
Natural Resources Wales is a Welsh Government sponsored body it was formed from a merger of the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales, and the Forestry Commission Wales, and also assumes some other roles formerly taken by Welsh Government. (Welsh: Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru)
Nuclear Accident Response Organisation NARO
Ministry of Defence (MOD) agency responsible for response to an accident or incident, including one arising through terrorist acts, involving defence nuclear assets
Nuclear Emergency Planning Liaison Group NEPLG
A Forum which brings together, under Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) chairmanship, a wide range of organisation with interest in off-site planning for an emergency at civil and defence nuclear sites.
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that causes disease
Pneumatic caisson
Pneumatic caissons are sealed at the top and filled with compressed air to keep water and mud out at depth. An airlock allows access to the chamber.
Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB
A group of manmade compounds that were widely used in electrical equipment, but which were banned at the end of the 1970s in many countries because of environmental concerns.
Precursor chemicals
Compounds that participate in a chemical reaction to produce another compound.
Public Health England PHE
Public Health England is an executive agency of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom. Its formation came as a result of reorganisation of the National Health Service (NHS) in England outlined in the Health and Social Care Act 2012. It took on the role of the Health Protection Agency, the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse and a number of other health bodies
RADSAFE
A company limited by guarantee that offers mutual assistance in the event of a transport accident involving radioactive materials belonging to a RADSAFE member.
RAF regional liaison officer RAFRLO
The RAFRLO liaises with the civilian emergency services and local authorities to provide a conduit between the military, civilian agencies and other government departments as required.
Rail Accident Investigation Branch RAIB
The independent railway accident investigation organisation for the UK. It investigates railway accidents on the UK's railways to improve safety, not to establish blame.
Rail Incident Commander RIC
Strategic level commander appointed by Network Rail for incidents involving infrastructure controlled by Network Rail
Railway Safety Directorate
Part of the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) responsible for generally monitoring the effectiveness of the safety regime on Britain's railways. It also conducts research on rail safety and reports on trends in railway incidents and accidents.
Railways Incident Officer RIO
Representative of the railways sent to the site of an incident involving or impacting on the railways
Ram air turbine RAT
A small turbine that is connected to a hydraulic pump, or electrical generator, installed in an aircraft and used as a power source
Reglement International concernant le transport de marchandises Dangereuses par chemin de fer RID
European regulations concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by rail 2015.
River left
Refers to the left side of a river looking downstream
River right
Refers to the right side of a river looking downstream
RoPax
Roll-On-Roll-Off-Passenger-ship/ferry
Run at caution
Train drivers are informed that there is an incident on or near the railway. The driver will reduce their speed in the area to ensure stopping safely.
Running rails
The rails that the vehicle's wheels are guided along
Identified as a curvature in the landscape formed between two areas of higher ground
Safe air
An environment where the air is breathable and will not be harmful without the use of respiratory protection. (see also clean air)
Safety of life at sea SOLAS
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an international maritime safety treaty. It ensures that ships flagged by signatory states comply with minimum safety standards in construction, equipment and operation. SOLAS in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant vessel.
A person engaged in the salvage of a ship or items lost at sea.
Scheduled Ancient Monument
As defined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, that makes provision for the investigation, preservation and recording of matters of archaeological or historical interest
Scottish Environment Protection Agency SEPA
The Scottish Environment Protection Agency is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government. The SEPA is Scotland's environmental regulator and is responsible for the protection of the natural environment in Scotland. Its main role is to protect and improve Scotland's environment.
Hole in a vessel's side to carry water overboard from the deck.
Ship's plans
Blueprint drawings showing ship construction.
Sites of special scientific interest SSSI
Sites of special scientific interest (SSSI) are important sites designated and protected for being the best examples of their characteristic wildlife and geology. Many of these varied habitats have developed over hundreds of years through management practices such as grazing and forestry and, in most cases, need active management to maintain their conservation status. Also see Areas of nature conservation (ANC) and Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI)
Slave control panel
Control panels of a secondary nature in building systems; they may not have the full functionality found in the master control panel
SMART motorway SMART
A section of motorway that uses active traffic management techniques to increase capacity by use of variable speed limits and hard shoulder running at busy times.
Special Area of Conservation SAC
Strictly protected sites designated under the EC Habitats Directive. Refer to http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-23
Special Protection Area SPA
Strictly protected sites classified in accordance with Article 4 of the EC Birds Directive. Refer to http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-162
A miniature explosive device used to generate mechanical force, for example ejection of aircraft components
Stability liaison officer
Functional role responsible for co-ordinating the liaison with subject matter experts affecting vessel stability.
Sternal notch
The sternal notch is a well-defined, triangular depression in the lower front of the human throat
Stoichiometric mixture
An "ideal" fuel/air mixture in which both the fuel and the oxygen in the air are completely consumed
Strategic Co-ordinating Group SCG
Multi-agency body responsible for co-ordinating the joint response to an emergency at the local strategic level
Strategic Co-ordination Centre SCC
The location at which the Strategic Co-ordinating Group meets
A thin strip of material to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened
Technical rescue teams are those who employ specialist rescue tools and skills. These disciplines include rope rescue, swift-water rescue, confined space rescue, ski rescue, cave rescue, trench/excavation rescue, and building collapse rescue, among others.
Total Operations Processing System TOPS
A computer management system which tracks the position and status of traction units and rolling stock
Traction current
Term used for electric power supply for electric rail vehicles. Normally supplied by overhead wire or electrified rail and collected by a pantograph on the roof of the train in the former case, or by shoes attached to the bogies in the latter.
Triacetone triperoxide TATP
Tunnel-boring machine TBM
A machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata.
Unmetalled road
A road that does not have a hard surface
Upper explosive limit UEL
Maximum concentration of vapour/gas in air at a given pressure and temperature in which a flame can be propagated.
Upper flammable, limit
Vacuum mattress
A medical device used for the immobilisation of patients, especially in case of a vertebra, pelvis or limb trauma, in particular for femur trauma. It is also used for manual transportation of patients for short distances as an alternative to a stretcher.
Vertical fuel arrangement
A description of the distribution of fuels on the vertical plane, from the ground up to the canopy levels of vegetation. The vertical arrangement of fuels will influence the relative ease with which fire can spread vertically through the fuel layers
Veterinary organisations
BARTA – British Animal Rescue & Trauma Care Association
BEVA – British Equine Veterinary Association
BVA – British Veterinary Association
RCVS – Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
Wales Resilience Forum
Multi-agency group providing the mechanism for national multi-agency cooperation and strategic advice on civil protection and emergency planning
Waste Industry Safety and Health forum
Representatives from the waste management and recycling industry. Members include the Health and Safety Executive, professional associations, trade unions and government bodies involved in waste management and recycling.
Water bottoming
Technique for managing a leak using water in a container of a substance with lower density than water, to displace the substance above the point of the leak.
Person navigating to a particular location, especially in complex environments
Windage
The air resistance of a moving object, such as a vessel or a rotating machine part, or the force of the wind on a stationary object.
Fall protection system that enables the user to work supported in tension or suspension in such a way that the fall is prevented
Work restraint
Workplace exposure limit WEL
Workplace exposure limit - maximum concentration of an airborne substance to which employees may be exposed, averaged over a specific period of time, the two periods used are long term (eight hours) and short term (15 minutes). It is an offence to exceed them (COSHH 2005).
A disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals


2,ARM Platform,WINCE control systems,high definition graphical touch interface,dynamic,flip,drag ,slide UI,may replace the icon location.
4,AV out put Support PAL/NTSC,automatic identification,two-way video output.
5,Multi language switch,GPS F/B running,reverse video input.
6,Adaptation of the original truck frame,special wiring harness,original install.


text:
Q: Show multiple steps per image in tensorboard Is it possible to view the images for all steps in the Image viewer of tensorboard?
Only the images corresponding to the last step are shown in the Images tab, though they are accessible changing the index of the the url of the image:
(Changing the 0 for the required step in the url: localhost:6006/data/individualImage?index=0&tag=777_mask_output_output_1%2Fimage%2F0&run=tensorboard_logs&ts=1487721119.455751)

A: As I understood, an additional slider was added at TensorFlow v. 1.1.0:

*

*

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Two thousand years ago a baby was born in Bethlehem who was destined to change the history of the world…and the hearts and souls of millions of people across the world.
The story of Christmas is quickly told. "The angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph…and said, 'Hail, thou that art favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art though among women…thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest'" (Luke 1:26-32). St. Luke tells how Mary and Joseph traveled to Bethlehem, she heavy with child, "and there she brought forth her first-born son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn." He tells how an angel announced the news to local shepherds, who immediately jumped up to see what it was all about. And, St. Matthew adds, 3 wise men traveled from the east to worship the baby, bearing gifts.
I've always liked the fact that Luke and Matthew and everyone else since then have made so much of this birth. They didn't have to. Most other religions don't dwell on births. And, certainly, other events in Christ's life—his crucifixion and resurrection—are far more central to Christian doctrine and mysteries…and far more revelatory.
But there you are: They and we DO make much of it. We love it. We love the concept. We spiritually mill around that little manger, grinning from ear to ear, amazed at the miracle of babies in general and of Christ's life in particular. We don't much think about the passion to come. We don't fast or tuck ourselves away in solitary prayer and reflection. Nope, it's a community thing. Imagine: a serious holiday, anchored in a profound mystery, that absolutely requires unbridled smiling, generosity, and "good will towards men." Yes, Virginia, it's okay to have fun.
So we go to church and festivals together. Sing carols together, even just walking down the street. Exchange Christmas cards. Give gifts to each other, in the spirit of the wise men and maybe going overboard. We party, eat and drink with abandon when we can, and we sit down to traditional meals on Christmas eve or Christmas day…and eat soup.
And what a variety! A sampling follows, by no means definitive. Of course the abundance of fish soups reflect the fact that the fish is an ancient symbol of Christ (for an excellent discussion of this symbol, go to www.fishwear.com/fishsymbol.html).
CAMBODIAN: Curry soup, celebrated with songs and dramas.
CATALONIA: Capon broth soup with giblets, meats, and shell pasta (Montse Knowlton notes in a recent article that this tradition is quite different than that in other parts of Spain).
CHILE: Sopa de Pescado, or fish soup.
CZECH REPUBLIC: Vánocní rybí polévka, or Christmas fish soup (served in homes at 6 pm on Christmas day and now traditionally doled out to the needy on the Old Town Square by Prague Mayor Jan Kasl on Christmas Eve).
GREECE: Avgolemono soup to break the fast at Christmas breakfast.
HUNGARY: Borleves, or wine soup. Also Halászlé, or fish soup, as a relic of the earlier church tradition of fasting for Advent.
IRELAND: Dessicated soup, a clarified beef consomme laced with Irish whiskey upon serving to start the Christmas dinner.
ITALY: Pretty regional, but Cappelletti in brodo in many places...and on the Isle of Capri, Minestra di Natale with chicken and escarole.
NEW ZEALAND: Toheroa chowder (made from a rare shellfish found in the black sands of the North and South island beaches).
NIGERIA: Codfish (stockfish) head soup.
POLAND: Mushroom soup with pasta (I've also heard of beet soup).
SLOVAKIA: Cabbage and mushroom soup (soup is traditionally served to represent the often poor lives of Slovakians).
SPAIN: Ajoblanco, or almond soup.
USA: Too diverse to have any fixed traditions outside of what was brought along with settlers from other countries. But in Louisiana, anyway, there's Gumbo (www.soupsong.com/rgumbo.html), at least if "Trosclair's" Cajun Night Before Christmas is to be believed: "'Twas de night before Christmas / An' all t'ru de house / Dey don't a t'ing pass / Not even a mouse. / De chirren been nezzle / Good snug on de flo' / An' Mama pass de pepper T'ru de crack on de do'. / Den Mama in de fireplace / Done roas' up de ham / Stir up de gumbo / An' make bake de yam."
Just because it's unusual and delightful, let me particularly recommend the Hungarian wine soup as a superb start to any Christmas dinner. It's elegant, nicely tart, warming, light and lightly spiced—just the perfect amount of headiness and festivity.
Pour 3 cups of the wine and the water into a saucepan with the sugar, cloves, and cinnamon and bring to a boil. While the soup is heating, beat the egg yolks with the remaining wine until creamy. When the soup is at a boil, dip a cup of it, little by little, into the egg yolk mixture, beating constantly so the egg yolks don't curdle. Incorporate another cup of the hot liquid into the eggs, then beat the eggs into the remaining soup. Stir constantly while reheating and let the soup thicken a bit, then strain. Ladle into small elegant bowls, and serve immediately.
I hope you enjoy some of these soups, and I also hope you will write to correct or to contribute your own Christmas soup traditions. It's a wonderful and touchingly human thing, this bonding over food at important times in our lives. To think that for two thousand years, in the most far flung lands, Christians of every sort—ardent and lax; rich and poor; Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox; restrained and evangelical; bound in snow and lapped by tropical waters—these have sat down over bowls of steaming soup at Christmastide for no other reason than to celebrate with their loved ones their happiness over that baby in the manger.


text:
Q: Induction. $\forall k\in \Bbb N , \sum^{2k-1}_{n=k}\frac{n}{2^n}=\frac{(2k+2)2^k-4k-2}{2^{2k}}$ $$\forall k\in \Bbb N , s_k=\sum^{2k-1}_{n=k}\frac{n}{2^n}$$
I have to show that :
$$s_k=\frac{(2k+2)2^k-4k-2}{2^{2k}}$$I think that induction is needed there.
I've checked that it's true for $k=1$ but I have absolutely no idea what should I do next.

A: the use of induction can be sidestepped in this case by using an approach in the spirit of a generating function. specifically, define:
$$
S_n(x) = \sum_{k=0}^n \left( \frac{x}2 \right)^k \tag{1}
$$
differentiating:
$$
S'_n(x)=\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{k}2\left( \frac{x}2 \right)^{k-1}
$$
the sum you require is:
$$
 S'_{2k-1}(1) -S'_{k-1}(1)
$$
the key to the solution is therefore to use the geometric progression formula to obtain an expression for the sum $S_n(x)$ in (1), which you may then differentiate explicitly to get the expression for $S'_n(x)$. since
$$
S_n(x) = \frac{1-\left( \frac{x}2 \right)^{n+1}}{1-\frac{x}2}
$$
we have:
$$
(1-\frac{x}2)^2 S'_n(x) = -\frac{n+1}2 \left( \frac{x}2 \right)^n + \frac12 \left(1-\left( \frac{x}2 \right)^{n+1}\right)
$$
and, setting $x=1$, and simplifying the fractions:
$$
S_n'(1) = \frac{2^{n+1} - (n+2)}{2^n}
$$
which gives:
$$
 S'_{2k-1}(1) -S'_{k-1}(1) = \frac{2^{2k} - (2k+1)}{2^{2k-1}}- \frac{2^{k} - (k+1)}{2^{k-1}}
$$
or:
$$
\frac{2^{k}(k+1) -(2k+1)}{2^{2k-1}}
$$

A: Proof By Induction
The statement can be verified to be true for $k=1$. Let it be true for $k$. Now, $$s_{k+1}=\sum_{n=k+1}^{2k+1}\frac{n}{2^n}=s_k-\frac{k}{2^k}+\frac{2k}{2^{2k}}+\frac{2k+1}{2^{2k+1}}=\frac{(2k+2)2^k-4k-2}{2^{2k}}+\frac{2k+1+4k-k2^{k+1}}{2^{2k+1}}\\=\frac{(2k+2)2^{k+1}-8k-4+2k+1+4k-k2^{k+1}}{2^{2k+1}}\\=\frac{(2k+4)2^{k+1}-4k-6}{2^{2k+2}}$$ Hence the induction hypothesis is true.
Proof By Observation
$$s_k=\sum_{n=k}^{2k-1}\frac{n}{2^n}\implies 2s_k=\sum_{n=k}^{2k-1}\frac{n-1+1}{2^{n-1}}=\frac{k-1}{2^{k-1}}+s_k-\frac{2k-1}{2^{2k-1}}+\sum_{n=k}^{2k-1}\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}\\\implies s_k=\frac{(k-1)2^k-2k+1}{2^{2k-1}}+\frac{1-\frac{1}{2^{k}}}{2^{k-1}(1-\frac{1}{2})}\\=\frac{(k-1)2^k-2k+1+2(2^k-1)}{2^{2k-1}}$$From which the result follows.


elllo.org, the English Listening Library Online, provides free English listening lessons for students who are studying English as a second language, from high-elementary level upwards. The site was created and is run by Todd Beuckens, an English teacher based in Japan.
Currently there are over 2000 listening activities on the site for students to listen to, many accompanied by related reading and vocabulary practice activities. The latest audio lessons include slide shows, text views, audio notes and more.
These English audio lessons cover a huge variety of topics and have taken over 6 years to accumulate. If you want to practice your listening skills, visit this site. You won't be disappointed.


1) Normal Local Postage : Add $1.50. Not responsible for loss or damage item whilst in Singpost. Indicate your name and mailing address. 2) Registered post with tracking number: Add $4. Mail registers at Singpost on Fridays. Please indicate your name and mailing address. I am not responsible for loss or damage item whilst it is at Singpost.
Item is made upon order. NO INSTOCK. We take 3-5 days to fulfill the order. Purchase online at www.walldecorsg.com for more options. Ayat Kursi 3 panel set. Middle panel - 30inch x 18inch Side Panel - 18inch x 12inch Choice of Frame or Canvas available.


Ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Williamsburg, a neighborhood in Brooklyn.
One of the biggest ultra-Orthodox newspapers in the country published an op-ed about the measles outbreak in their community, in which it cited religious mandates to vaccinate children — and took the rare step of translating it into English.
Der Yid, the New York-based weekly read by Satmar Hasidim and read by the wider Haredi community, included an emotionally charged piece under the headline, "Senseless! Heartless! Torah-less and Reckless." The editorial argued that a small group of Orthodox Jews's stubborn refusal to vaccinate their children is putting them and others in the community at risk.
To drive the point home, Der Yid published a verbatim translation in English.
There had been 285 reported cases of measles in New York City, and 465 cases reported nationally. The editorial attempts to debunk anti-vaccine claims promoted by a minority of the Jewish community. Myths that have circulated include a debunked alleged connection between the measles vaccine and autism.
Most rabbis have advocated for vaccination, but there are people willing to defy them. Some parents have compared being targeted by health officials — who declared a state of emergency and required unvaccinated minors to stay away from public spaces — to persecution during the Holocaust.
The editorial said these communities should listen to these rabbis, but also to their doctors.
"The small group of anti-vaxers spoke to the press and tarnished the imaged of observant Jews, as if we can't be trusted to make the right choices for our children, as if we spread infections," it read.
Ultimately, the editorial asserts, the situation is not being handled according to Jewish values.
This story "'Reckless': Haredi Newspaper Condemns Anti-Vaccination" was written by Alyssa Fisher.


Category 6 Ethernet cables of various lengths for use with Ethernet camera systems.
Shielded CAT5E, CAT6 or CAT6A Ethernet cables are recommended for harsh EMI environments and system CE compliance. Shielded cables can be purchased at numerous online retailers, or as special order items through OptiTrack.
This Category 6a Ethernet cable is required for Ethernet camera systems with 10 Gb uplink connections (using NETGEAR ProSafe GSM7228S and Intel X540-T1).
For connecting cameras to hubs. This down angled Mini-B plug routes the cable to the back of the camera to avoid interfering with objects on the port side of the device. This is the recommended cable for most mocap setups involving truss or tripods.
For connecting cameras to hubs. This straight Mini-B plug routes the cable out the side of the camera to avoid interfering with objects directly behind the device. This cable is recommended for tight mounting situations or when the rear-facing down angle cable will not work.
For connecting hubs to a computer.
For extending the reach of USB hubs. This allows OptiTrack cameras to be located farther from the computer for larger capture volume sizes. Up to two cables can be used in series for longer distances.
Do not use between cameras and USB Hubs.
Used to synchronize OptiTrack's USB systems. For V100 and mixed systems, 1 cable is required per camera. For V100:R2 systems with OptiHubs, only the hubs need to be connected with a sync cable.
Replacement splitter cable that breaks out sync input and output in V100 and mixed USB camera systems.
V120:SLIM break-out cable for camera synchronization and access to camera signals.
V120:SLIM bare 9-pin connector for custom break-out of camera signals.
Cover case for V120:SLIM Custom Breakout Connector (bare 9-pin connector).


text:
Biden AdministrationUkraine InvasionInflationEnergyCybersecurity
Politics ·U.S. Politics
Migrants, refugees are the human cost of coronavirus politics, experts say
BYJess McHugh
March 27, 2020, 2:00 PM UTC
Subscribe to Outbreak, a daily newsletter roundup of stories on the coronavirus pandemic and its impact on global business. It's free to get it in your inbox.
People across the United States and around the world are restricting their movement and increasing their social distance in an effort to curb the spread of the coronavirus. But for the more than 37,000 people in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities, social distance is not always an option.
Detainees include families with children as young as 7, according to Amnesty International, some of whom have been waiting for their asylum hearing for months. Conditions are often cramped, with detainees sharing housing too small to allow for the six feet of social distance.
"It's going to further escalate a public health crisis if we don't look at the best way to provide public health care to every person, regardless of their immigration status," says Denise Bell, a researcher focusing on refugee and migrant rights for Amnesty International.
The human cost of the coronavirus in the closed environment of detention centers could be devastating, tearing through populations at a rapid rate, according to advocates. Meanwhile, President Donald Trump recently announced that undocumented people attempting to cross the border from Mexico would be sent back without an asylum hearing—a move that humanitarian agencies say could cause an additional health crisis along the border. Multiple experts told Fortune that the virus is serving as a pretext for Trump and others to carry out their own political agendas. And the border closure put in place—made possible by emergency health protocols—could last for up to a year.
"It has given him the cover to get to the endgame that he's wanted for a long time, which is to shut the border to people seeking asylum and to other immigrants," Bell tells Fortune.
For ICE detainees who have medical conditions or are elderly, the coronavirus poses a potentially lethal threat. A report from the Department of Homeland Security last summer described "egregious violations of detention standards," in certain ICE centers, including inadequate medical care, expired food, and a lack of hygiene items. Several nonprofit organizations—and even a former acting director of ICE—have pushed for the release of some detainees during this epidemic. The ACLU sued for the immediate release of certain vulnerable detainees from an ICE center in Tacoma earlier this month. A federal district court denied that request, but the case is ongoing.
ICE was putting in place protocols to protect staff and detainees, according to a statement shared with Fortune. The agency will "temporarily adjust its enforcement posture," focusing on arrests based on criminal grounds. ICE also halted social visitation to slow the potential spread of the virus. At least one staff member in New Jersey has tested positive for the virus; no detainees have yet tested positive, according to a spokesperson.
A parallel situation has already been unfolding in Europe, where a mounting crisis on the Greek border has caused EU-wide tensions concerning refugee care and resettlement. The camps in Greece, serving as a makeshift home to men, women, and children—many of them fleeing war in Syria—are unprepared for an epidemic. Greek refugee camps house six to seven times more people than they were designed for, according to Jennifer Sime, senior vice president for refugee resettlement and asylum at the International Rescue Committee. Inadequate shower and hand-washing facilities often make it hard for residents to follow the suggested protocols, and many people in the camps have preexisting health conditions, she noted.
At the Moria refugee camp in Greece, some 20,000 people live in a shelter made for just 3,000. Many volunteers have had to temporarily halt their activities in the camps, both for their own health and for that of the camp residents, leaving refugees and migrants increasingly on their own. Women asylum-seekers in Moria have taken to sewing their own masks to prepare, using cloth and plastic wrappers from the grocery store, the Guardian reported.
Far-right-wing European leaders have used xenophobic rhetoric, stoking fears of the coronavirus in order to sidestep a legal obligation to care for refugees. "We are fighting a two-front war; one front is called migration, and the other one belongs to the coronavirus. There is a logical connection between the two, as both spread with movement," Viktor Orban, Hungary's nationalist Prime Minister, said in March.
Orban's warning—much like Trump's—ignored the fact that the vast majority of asylum-seekers are coming from countries with drastically lower rates of the virus than Europe or the U.S. While many border closings worldwide are a necessary measure, there is scant statistical evidence for the U.S. decision to turn away migrants and asylum-seekers from Central America over the coronavirus. As of Wednesday morning, the U.S. had 55,238 cases of the coronavirus, according to the Johns Hopkins University tracker. The so-called Northern Triangle of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras—where many migrants come from—had a collective 66 cases.
Previous attempts by Trump to issue similar orders along the Mexican border were blocked because the U.S. Constitution protects the right to due process for anyone on U.S. soil. Asylum-seekers in particular have the right to a hearing.
Scapegoating and xenophobia have marked Trump's discourse around COVID-19, according to historians in the Washington Post who pointed to Trump's insistence on calling it "the Chinese virus." Asian-Americans said they fear that the President's rhetoric could incite further racism against them, as many have already reported being screamed at or even spit on by strangers, according to the New York Times.
Far-right political groups across the U.S. have also tried to capitalize on the chaos of the coronavirus, according to Cynthia Miller-Idriss, a scholar of far-right extremism at the American University in Washington, D.C. Their conspiracy theories blame the virus on a range of groups, from Jews to Democrats to the so-called deep state. Neo-Nazis have even encouraged people infected with the virus to spread it to Jews and to law enforcement, according to an FBI statement shared with ABC News.
"You have the risk of further polarization and the risk of exploitation of the virus by organized far-right groups—both for biological terrorism, which we've seen already—but also to spread conspiracy theories and to use it as a way of recruiting youth who are increasingly online," she tells Fortune.
Anti-immigrant rhetoric—both from Trump and elsewhere—ignores an uncomfortable truth: a risk to detainees and refugees is actually a risk to everyone, according to doctors. Two medical experts for the Department of Homeland Security warned Congress in a letter of a "tinderbox scenario" in ICE detention centers. Rapid transmission in the closed environment of an ICE detention center could lead to local hospitals being overwhelmed, in turn reducing critical resources such as ventilators for entire communities.
"Reassessing the security and public health risks, and acting immediately, will save lives of not only those detained, but also detention staff and their families, and the community-at-large," they wrote.
More must-read stories from Fortune:
—Why the extraordinary dollar surge spells more trouble for the global economy
—The Supreme Court has shunned technology. Could the coronavirus change that?
—10 questions about the 2020 election during the coronavirus pandemic, answered
—The workers the U.S. government deems "essential" amid the coronavirus pandemic
—Listen to Leadership Next, a Fortune podcast examining the evolving role of CEO
—WATCH: U.S. tax deadline moved from April 15 to July 15
Get up to speed on your morning commute with Fortune's CEO Daily newsletter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Back when I was 5 months old.
Summer ready. So fresh & clean. 💦💦💦 .
Its always nap time 😴 .
You know how much I love my #bondibeach walks and admiring the @bondibeachgraffitiwall (s) and all the artists that make this place so beautiful! ..
Now I have my wings thanks to @e.l.k !
I have to protect my backyard! Watch out polluters, rude people and meanies...I am watching you!
Heute habe ich die ersten Latten an den Caddyboden geklebt. Im Moment trocknet der Kleber und ist morgen dann hoffentlich bereit für die Bodenisolierung. Babyschritte zum Van!
First time at the beach! Everything was so pretty!
BURGER IS A CUTIE PIE ON THE EUTH LIST AT MANHATTAN ACC AND BADLY IN NEED OF A HERO AND A HAPPY ENDING. Yes, we all thought she was a male dog when we heard the name but when we saw that adorable smile and cute little compact body we knew Burger was a girl. Burger is just a year old and already experiencing that terrified and unsure feeling of being abandoned and left behind by the people she trusted. She's out of time and badly in need of second chance in experienced and loving hands. Burger is young, energetic and enthusiastic so she's going to need lots of love, patience and training to ensure success and a long happily ever after. Please help us share her to the moon and back.
AT RISK , new hope only determination, for behavioral reasons. Burger has displayed a low threshold for arousal at the care center and also has a history of biting another dog. Burger best suited for placement with a new hope partner that can provide the necessary behavior modification. Medically, Burger diagnosed with canine infectious respiratory disease complex ;contagious & in home care.
History: brought in by POLICE as STRAY - reportedly got into dog fight with smaller dog. Owner of smaller dog was bitten while trying to break up the fight.
Pausa para esses dois bulldoguíneos fofíneos passando na sua timeline!
Alguém tem dúvidas de quem é a mais arteira ?
Así son nuestros clientes satisfechos!🐾💖@fashion_pets_boutique.
Jumpstarts Cole, Data, and Lola having a super productive day of training!
Hola bebe, que más pues? .
Drawing of @sporty_thedog because I love sporty with all my heart. I've never drawn a dog before, how did I do? .


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Armed with the technology and techniques of professional media production, you can produce content that makes a difference. AIM's facilities, equipment and training will allow you to make your message stand out in the cluttered world of cell phone video and poorly produced podcasts. AIM's distribution network allows you to schedule a program on our cable channel, be live or pre-recorded on the radio, or post to our website. In addition, any content that you produce can be used on your own website or social media networks.
Now is not the time to remain quiet. It's no longer enough to be an information consumer. It's time to help yourself and your community by taking the opportunity to create content that's powerful, engaging, and effective. In short, it's time to raise your voice.


Collection: ORGANIC 100% cotton cleansing cloth. GOTS certified.
100% Organic cotton, cleansing cloth (pack of 3). GOTS certified.
Face Cleansing Melt. With Sea Buckthorn Oil & Bisabolol.
Face Cleansing Melt (set with cloth & bamboo spoon). With Sea Buckthorn Oil & Bisabolol.


text:
Q: Browse/Select Assemblies from the GAC or elsewhere I need to allow users to select an assembly in much the same way that Visual Studio does. Either from the GAC or from anywhere else in the file system.
A simple OpenFileDialog will not suffice because navigating to c:\windows\assembly does not allow access to the actual file locations of the assemblies in the GAC.
I am not writing a Visual Studio plugin, so I cannot use DTE.
How should I go about this?

A: You need to use the CreateAssemblyEnum unmanaged API which returns the IAssemblyEnum interface.


How many hours a day do you spend sitting at your desk?
The average time a worker spends seated during a working day is 5 1/2 hours. The human body was not designed to sit in front of a screen for endless hours, nor to spend three hours an evening slumped in front of the television or iPad.
We need to keep moving to keep healthy.
Research shows that it is beneficial to stand up to work, if only for a few hours a day. Standing up while working reduces mental blocks, boosts concentration, increases movement, causes the heart to beat faster (burning more calories) and reduces the risk of diabetes and heart disease. It may also help us to live longer. A study of 17,000 workers in America found that sitting for fewer than three hours a day could increase life expectancy by as much as two years.
So how can you take a stand?
There are some simple things you can do straight away.
Getting up from your desk and walking around for five minutes every hour can get muscles moving and improve blood flow.
Try holding standing meetings – perhaps in your work café, a reception area or even a quiet corridor.
Give walking meetings a go. Not only is it a chance to get out into the fresh air to boost your oxygen levels, but also getting away from distracting screens, emails and phone calls can improve your concentration and focus on the meeting.
Replace your desk with a 'Sit & Stand' desk. A fresh and modern way for staff to work.
These height adjustable desks are built for wellbeing and working. Fingertip height controls give electronic height adjustment from 700mm to 1200mm in under 12 seconds, giving workers the opportunity to increase their movement with ease. The Sit & Stand desk is available from £445 per person.
Click here for more details or contact us for more info on 0151 737 5000.


text:
Gates details plans to slash DOD budget
Joint Forces Command, other major DOD offices face elimination
By Amber Corrin, Matthew Weigelt
Defense Secretary Robert Gates today elaborated on plans to shave $100 billion from the defense budget over the next five years, and on the chopping block are a number of areas of Defense Department information technology infrastructure and offices.
"All of our bases, operational headquarters and defense agencies have their own IT infrastructures, processes and application-ware," Gates said at a Pentagon press conference. "This decentralized approach results in large cumulative costs, and a patchwork of capabilities that create cyber vulnerabilities and limit our ability to capitalize on the promise of information technology."
Beyond IT, Gates is targeting a number of DOD offices and organizations, including one major command. Among his proposed moves:
Reduce funding for support contractor personnel by 10 percent a year for the next three years.
Close the offices of the assistant secretary of defense for network intelligence and integration and the Joint Staff's section for command, control, communications and computer systems.
Eliminate the Business Transformation Agency.
Recommend elimination of Joint Forces Command.
Freeze at fiscal 2010 levels the number of Office of the Secretary of Defense, defense agency and combatant command positions for the next three years; Gates said this is a first step in examining leadership organizations.
Freeze at fiscal 2010 levels the number of senior DOD officials; Gates will appoint a senior task force to assess the number of general and flag officers, senior executive service employees and political appointees.
Increase use of common IT functions to mitigate disparate, decentralized IT systems throughout DOD that result in cumulative costs and cyber vulnerabilities.
Freeze the overall number of required oversight reports and cut by a quarter the money allocated for such reports.
Eliminate DOD boards and commissions that have outlived their usefulness and cut funding to such boards by 25 percent,
Reduce by 10 percent funding for intelligence advisory and assistance contracts, freeze the number of senior executive service positions in the DOD intelligence apparatus and end needless intell duplication.
Gates said operational functions of offices proposed for closring "will be assigned to other organizations, and most of their acquisition functions will transfer to acquisition, technology and logistics."
These steps are part of Gates' attempt to trim the inefficiencies inside DOD, as his department faces the prospect of having less funding than the Obama administration is planning to give him.
Gates aims to slash budget by $100B to pay for war
"To be clear, the task before us is not to reduce the department's top-line budget," Gates said, according to a news report. "Rather, it is to significantly reduce its excess overhead costs and apply the savings to force structure and modernization."
Reactions from Congress were mixed.
"I support any responsible shift of funds from overhead costs in order to strengthen the efforts of our brave troops," said Rep. Ike Skelton (D-Mo.), chairman of the House Armed Services Committee.
However, Skelton warned Gates against going too far with the cuts. He urged the secretary to carefully analyze what gets cut.
"There are many functions within the department that are critical to our nation's defense," Skelton said. He's already preparing for a committee hearing on Gate's cost-cutting proposal after Congress' August recess.
Rep. Randy Forbes (R-Va.), ranking member of the Armed Services Committee's Readiness Subcommittee, was upset that DOD is forced to find cuts because of the administration's other budgetary priorities.
"Under the cover of night, this administration is selling off our military at auction to pay for its social programs," he said today. Forbes said this is the beginning of a long string of national defense cuts as the money goes to other priorities.
Amber Corrin is a former staff writer for FCW and Defense Systems.
Matthew Weigelt is a freelance journalist who writes about acquisition and procurement.
Thu, Mar 31, 2011
can we cut Gates job first.
Fri, Aug 13, 2010
Does anyone know/ think about how this will effect small/ minoirty owned business?!
Wed, Aug 11, 2010 c The future
Sometimes technology is not the answer. In many cases having more office staff would resolve information issues. Office staff are inexpensive and don't require a project manager. All of world war II was administered without computers. Something is still required to check data quality. Computer and software design will continue to evolve faster than you can design a big system and patch it. Do the basic numbers and data communication with computers. Do the rest with staff until the computer industry evolves a couple more times. In 5 to 7 years we should see the fruits of todays programming automation and cloud services. I'm not saying just sit on your thumbs and wait. Get your data quality, data reliability and workflows mapped out. Programming will be easier in a few years.
Wed, Aug 11, 2010 c ca
There are GIS initiatives in the southwest, modeled after the GIS work that was done by DOD for alabama after katrina. Perhaps incorporate some of this technical data model or infrastructure into the plan.
Wed, Aug 11, 2010 Ken Carrigan VA
I diddo John Griffith's comments exactly. Over Navy Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) computers are worthless except to get emails and Web. That's it. Otherwise I work on an Out-Of-Scope computer to do real engineering work. Get rid of EDS, and give us back productivity for the masses! Save Billions that way!


Joystick-based teleoperation is a dominant method for remotely controlling various types of robots, such as excavators, cranes, and space telerobotics. Our ultimate goal is to create effective methods for training and assessing human operators of joystick-controlled robots. Towards that goal, in this paper we present an extensive study consisting of 18 experimental subjects controlling a simulated robot, using either no feedback or auditory feedback. Multiple observables were recorded, including not only joystick and robot angles and timings, but also subjective measures of difficulty, personality and usability data, and automated analysis of facial expressions and blink rate of the subjects. Our initial results indicate that: First, that the subjective difficulty of teleoperation with auditory feedback has smaller variance as compared to teleoperation without feedback, and second, that the subjective difficulty of a task is linearly related with the logarithm of task completion time. We conclude with a forward-looking discussion including future steps.


Five hundred people from more than 40 countries met in Lausanne at the annual Business-for-Society Forum to discuss positioning Switzerland as a global sustainability hub. This is not the first time such an idea has been promoted. Variations on this theme have been mooted previously by the government, think tanks and universities alike. What makes this proposal interesting is the wide cross-disciplinary participation that the forum secured, and that it went some way to identify what can be realistically achieved by Switzerland, and how.
Generally, opinions on Switzerland's future range from despondency about its banking industry and fast-rising immigration to positive assertions of its deep ecological roots, social values and international reputation. What the forum has brought out is far more useful. It clearly outlines the opportunity that this country has to focus its resources and innovation capabilities on sustainability. It also highlights Switzerland's ability to balance economic, environmental and social needs successfully.
If Switzerland can achieve this, the thinking goes, then not only are there distinct advantages for the country itself, but more importantly, for other economies which would have a model to follow. But attaining this balance will be a stretch. Each year, Switzerland uses nearly twice as many resources as can be replenished in the same amount of time.
The question now is whether Business-for-Society can sustain the momentum. To its advantage, however, the forum was hosted by the Business School of Lausanne and involved key panellists such as Bruno Oberle, Director, Federal Environment Office; Nick Beglinger, President of swisscleantech; plus moderator Paul Polman, the CEO of Unilever. Without doubt, such heavy-weight support from business and political circles represent the two most important constituencies, and ones which will not waste their time on initiatives that won't work.


A new funding initiative for RIE2020, the National Cell Therapy Facility serves as a neutral, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certified, public sector wide infrastructure asset available to medical professionals and scientific researchers from public sector healthcare and academic research centres. The facility is established to be the national research and translational service for manufacturing and production of high quality cell therapy products for safe and affordable administration to patients, under the International Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP PIC/S) standards. This will serve as an enabler of research while providing the infrastructure, scientific know-how and technical expertise needed to support the evolving field of cell therapy, together with its potential health and economic benefits.


text:
10 Best Bad Brains Songs
Carl Pettit
Malco23, Wiki Commons
If you want to scramble your noggin with trippy hardcore punk flavored with an intense amalgam of reggae and rip-roaring metal, dive into this list of the 10 Best Bad Brains Songs. Bad Brains are unique for playing unrelenting punk with melodic sophistication, not to mention the fact that these rockers — who've been pumping out tunes since the late '70s — were pioneering members of the "black" punk and hard rock movements. If it weren't for Bad Brains, other great bands like 24-7 Spyz and Living Colour might not have had the chance to get their music out to wider audiences. So crank up the volume, put on a "brain bucket" for protection and thrash along to the best of what these boys from Washington, D.C., have to offer.
'Stay Close to Me'
From: 'Omega Sessions' (1980)
'Stay Close To Me' is a romantic tune making use of the best weapons in Bad Brains' musical arsenal. The bulk of this laid-back groove moves along to a ska and reggae beat, but when the chorus kicks in, so do the distortion and power chords. You might call this genre-bending ditty "Rasta hardcore." It says a lot about a band when critics need to coin new subgenre terms to describe the music.
'Coptic Times'
From: 'Rock for Light' (1983)
'Coptic Times,' No. 9 on our list of the Best Bad Brains Songs, is a blazing punk rock guitar fest with jackhammer drums pulsating through the core. The song cools down about two-thirds of the way through for a few drum rolls before fiery hard rock guitar riffs start burning up the fret board. Despite the tough-sounding nature of this song, at heart, it's really a Rastafarian tune praising Jah and the virtues of living a good life while holding onto your faith. Interestingly enough, the album 'Rock for Light' was engineered and produced by Ric Ocasek, the lead singer for the Cars.
'At the Movies'
From: 'The Youth Are Getting Restless' (1987)
'At the Movies' is pure punk — the kind felt from the tips of your scrunched-up toes to the top of your tingling head. Check the 'Omega Sessions' version, or the superb live one on 'The Youth Are Getting Restless,' and hear how the whirling guitars and nonstop rhythm lock in right after the gentle intro. Destined to land in the annals of punk history, this one also features lead vocalist H.R.'s (Human Rights) soulful chanting and screeching. "Here's to the maker / The film double taker," he says, expounding on themes of deception and reality. "Illusion type faker / Guaranteed shaker."
'Soul Craft'
From: 'Quickness' (1989)
'Soul Craft,' from the 1989 release 'Quickness,' is a Bad Brains tune that goes from punk and edgy reggae to thunderous hard rock. The 'Soul Craft' in question is a type of "spiritual aerial vehicle" one should fly drug-free in search of Jah and unity, melding into the power of the cosmos. Regardless of whether you're up for hanging out with Jah, this gut-slugging song should beef up your adrenaline and prepare you for whatever journeys life has in store.
'Re-Ignition'
From: 'I against I' (1986)
Deep, growling guitars underscore H.R.'s lead vocals and pavement-scraping lyrics on this tough-sounding track, No. 6 on our list of the 10 Best Bad Brains Songs. A thick bass line adds even more grit, and every once in a while, melodious chunks of chorus reach above the driving beat. But the essence of this song remains that down and dirty vibe: "Re-Ignition cancellation can't win / No celesty ever resting begin / When grace melts inside your hand and my heart / Is the glory that much closer or apart.
'Day Tripper'
'Day Tripper' is a Beatle's cover whose beautiful opening bass line eases the listener into the rest of the song. The drums — and Bad Brains' choice of reggae-style guitars — ooze with heavy doses of echo and reverb. This is a feel-good summertime jam that tells the story of a girl who's a "day tripper" and a "big teaser." The punk rock boys from D.C. really do the tune justice by giving their distinctive version a wicked groove tinged with an element of danger you won't find on the original.
'I Against I'
Eighties-sounding guitars, a Clash-like chanting chorus and a strong punk ethos makes 'I Against I' a classic Bad Brains counterculture anthem. The multi-tempo track rocks back and forth between a quick, bouncing rhythmic line and several chilled-out reposes interspersed throughout. It's a punk rocker's delight, and for those who dig wild acoustic covers, Jeff Buckley happened to record a fast-paced, loose-knit version that's pretty good, too.
'Pay to Cum'
From: 'Bad Brains' (1982)
Well, we won't get too deep into the lyrical significance of this song. We'll let you figure that one out for yourselves, although it's not as dirty as the title might suggest. Regardless, 'Pay To Cum' is early, high-octane Bad Brains hardcore punk delivered at an incredibly frenetic pace. This track also happens to be Bad Brains' first major single release. It was set loose on the public back in 1980, letting the world know that Bad Brains had arrived upon the scene.
'Sailn' On'
Pure, unbridled punk rock energy races through every note of this head-thrashing song. 'Sailin' On' is a short, rough, loud track with a simple story to tell. The singer is 'Sailn' On' because his lover is fed up with him. "You don't want me anymore / So I walked right out that door." It's a great tune that knocks you over and, like the title suggests, moves on before you know what hit you. "I'm moving, yeah I'm moving on / Sail on, sail on, sail on, sail on." Living Colour's great cover is also well worth checking out.
'Banned in D.C.'
'Banned in D.C.,' tops on our list of the 10 Best Bad Brains Songs, kicks off with a couple of punchy, raw chords, before H.R. screams at the top of his lungs, "We gonna make it anyway / You, you can't hurt me / Why I'm banned in D.C., D.C." The band wrote this classic in response to the many local D.C. rock clubs that wouldn't let them set foot onstage. And so, as the lyrics go, they moved on and left the capital behind. "Banned in D.C. with a thousand other places to go / Gonna swim across the Atlantic cause that's the only place I can go."
What's the Baddest Bad Brains Anthem?
Is our list of the 10 Best Bad Brains Songs missing your furious fave? Scream at us in the comments section below.
Next: 10 Essential Southern California Hardcore Songs
Filed Under: Bad Brains
Categories: Lists, Original Features