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HomeAbandonedLargest Abandoned Factory in the World: The Packard Factory, Detroit
Largest Abandoned Factory in the World: The Packard Factory, Detroit
Packard was a premier nameplate in the United States, mentioned in the same breath as Duesenberg, Cadillac, Pierce-Arrow, and Lincoln. The crown jewel for Packard was the Packard Factory, a 3.5 million square-foot complex sprawling across 35 acres.
In the years following World War II, the Packard Motor Car Company struggled to keep pace with the larger automakers that had purchased smaller companies to form "the Big Three."
Those not part of the Big Three had to merge to stay competitive: Kaiser and Willys formed Kaiser-Willys, Nash and Hudson formed American Motors, and Packard joined forces with Studebaker. The experiment was short-lived, however, and Packard ceased to exist by the middle of the twentieth century.
Packard factory entrance
During the 1950's Packard endured an economic roller coaster, from being a premier auto manufacturer outselling Cadillac, to closing its doors within a decade.
Inside the Packard Plant, building a car circa 1930s. (courtesy Joan Hector. Her grandfather, Oscar Piche, is pictured at top left)
Packard factory entrance circa 1940s
Packard factory entrance circa 2009
Entrance to the Packard factory: then and today
By 1957 Packards were no longer assembled at the Detroit plant. For the next two years a handful of Studebaker models continued to wear the Packard badge, but by the turn of the decade Studebaker began to pull the Packard nameplate from its models. In the early 1960s, Studebaker dropped the Packard name altogether.
Studebaker would also meet its demise several years later, believed to have survived longer due to the lower-price/higher-volume sales model.
Upon liquidation, the remaining pre-war Packard designs and tooling were sold to parties around the world. For decades Packard clones would continue to be built in Russia under the ZIL and ZIM nameplates, catering to the Communist elite. Post-war Packard designs in the Soviet Union lasted well into the 1970s.
Packard advertisement circa 1956
The Packard name would survive. General Motors' electrics division – later known as Delphi – was originally Packard Electric when the auto manufacturer purchased it in 1932.
The company was later renamed Delphi Packard Electric Systems, and coincidentally would be the only profitable division within parent company Delphi during the late 2000's.
Designed by Albert Kahn and opened in 1903, the factory was world-class in its day. The Packard factory occupied 3.5 million square feet of interior space across 47 buildings. It employed over 40,000 skilled workers on a campus that spanned 35 acres.
The facility was the most modern plant of its time, and the first to use reinforced concrete in industrial construction.
(Click for larger version)
Vintage aerial view of Packard Factory
early assembly at Packard Factory
row of finished cars
auto assembly circa 1920s-1930s
hand assembly on the floor
Packard factory assembly
assembly nearly complete
Packards in showroom circa 1950s
After Packard
The plant was closed in 1956, leaving the factory vacant. The city lacked options; finding another tenant for the 3.5 million square-feet of space would be a difficult task.
[ Below: lobby vandalism over time. 2001 (top), 2010 (middle), 2014 (bottom) ]
Packard factory lobby circa 2001
Administrators considered parceling the factory into multiple lots, but a lack of interest stalled the proposal.
One tenant other than Packard has occupied the factory long-term: Chemical Processing Company moved into a small part of the factory in 1958.
How small? Chemical Processing's operations required 57,000 square feet – less than 1% of the factory complex.
Chemical Processing would move operations in 2007, and ironically occupied the factory longer than Packard itself.
Packard factory lobby circa 2014 courtesy Tabula Rasa
The owner of the business admitted part of the reason for his move in 2007 was due to vandals and break-ins around the factory.
Not realizing a business is still in operation, scavengers would often break-in to scavenge scrap materials; vandals damage buildings and accelerate the plant's deterioration.
Packard factory panoramic shot circa 2010
Several investor groups have proposed ideas for the plant, but to date none have been able to come to the table with money and get approval from the city to execute plans.
For decades the city offered the land for sale, however there were no suitors.
The most recent ownership group hadn't paid property taxes since 1987.
Packard Factory then & now
As of mid-2011, the Packard Factory stands as the largest abandoned industrial complex in the world.
The façade from the main entrance (pictured below) sold at auction in 2008 for $161,000
Packard factory façade
Not a Packard, but an appropriate resting place nonetheless.
Packard factory aerial view 2011 (courtesy Google)
Explore on map: click here
Not a Packard, but they got the era correct.
Packard Winter Wonderland
Also not a Packard. Also not the correct era. Who knows why.
Packard factory hallway
Below: Packard "Crushathon" in late 70's decimated remaining Packard population.
Fire Breaks out:
Below: In better times.
Packard factory circa 1910s
Aerial view of the Packard factory, circa 2011
Video Tours:
Tags:Abandoned, abandoned detroit factory, abandoned factory, autorama, Big three, Chemical Processing Co, Chemical Processing Company, Detroit, detroit factory, Factory, ghost factory, largest factory, Packard, Packard-Studebaker, Studebaker, Studebaker-Packard, urban exploration
New York's Forgotten North Brother Island
The Disappearing Aral Sea
zootshooter
Very interesting post with some real nice pictures. I do find something really intriguing about how hubs of commercial activity can just be left to rot, great background info provided too. Nice one!
Aug 30, 2011 Reply
Thanks for sharing. What a pleasure to read!
king_hil
one would think it would be in the gov' and private interest to recycle some of that old concrete. the whole old factory structure and i'm sure many more structures would have provided a great base for the monstrous parking lots across the freeway
zachary wetzel
does any one know who owns it and how to contact them?
Bill Hults bought it at auction but was unable to pay for it. He defaulted, and it went for auction again but no buyers. You can probably have it lock stock and barrel for $2 million.
You'd want to contact David Szymanski, the Wayne County Treasury officer, if you were serious. You can't buy something like this without credibly demonstrating that you'd be capable of either demolishing it or developing it (or both) without creating liabilities for the city.
Dec 5, 2013 Reply
A guy from Peru just bought it for around 2 million. My husband and I toured it yesterday(June 9th 2014) A man that works at the only business still operating out of the plant (chemical processing) told us
gt40mk2
http://www.freep.com/article/20140305/BUSINESS06/303050037/Packard-Plant-Dominic-Cristini-wants-money-from-Fernando-Palazuelo
Thanks for sharing, hadn't seen that article. Looks messy.
@maria How did you tour the area? Like did you need to contact security to get permission to enter or were you and your husband able to simply walk around it on your own? I'd love to tour what's left.
It was finally puchased back in the summer.
http://www.wxyz.com/news/detroits-packard-plant-owner-shares-his-vision
Thanks for sharing this update, Dave. I like that his plan includes saving many of the original structures. I hope he is successful in raising that $400 million, might be a tough ask.
very interesting read, and super pictures to go with it….just love those cars!
john nessen
Packard, like many other car companies died when they did not sell enough cars to be profitable. It is all down hill from that point. This factor could be "condoned", out to several tenants to be again a productive property. First the tenants would need to be protected from vandals. The city will strive to get taxes and alike and not protect the property owners in a decaying social environment. Build new and have the wrecking ball remove the old is the rule now days. Salvage value could restore this property to a parking lot type thing with the right minds set to do it. It can be done, why not? To many restrictions?
Why would anyone need to park there if you have no reason to be in the area? What is there nearby to walk to once you've parked?
GUNSMOAK
Did you notice the 48 star flag in one photo?
Car production was stopping to focus on "the war effort".
Bohdan
Some of these photos are downright incredible
Great spot for Z World Detroit!
murray kerr
sad to see such a great plant in such a state I was a production engineer the body plant of a truck plant in scotland which was closed and flattened I work in a bank now ha ha. All manufacturing is going to only one place china
Thanks for the input. I'm curious – none of what you say appears to conflict with anything in the article. What conflicts did you see? Again, thanks for your input and feel free to share more information here about Packard and Studebaker.
Michael Yesensky
Sorry to take so long to get back to you. Its extremely difficult to sum up what went wrong at Packard but the following statement gives a somewhat inaccurate impression. Unfortunately forPackard, Studebaker was of lower prestige and quality. The effects of the merger quickly manifested themselves on Packard cars: poor build quality, less-innovative design, and horrendous planning. Studebaker's influence had Packard building the wrong car at the wrong time. The 1950's were not kind to Packard; they went from being one of the premier car builders – outselling Cadillac up until 1950 – to complete bankruptcy. Packard was very much aware that Studebaker was a car of a lesser name. The point of purchasing Studebaker was to enter the lower medium price field without diluting the Packard name. It was all part of a larger plan to combine Packard, Studebaker, Nash and Hudson together into a corporation that would displace Chrysler from its number three position in the big three. The plan was hatched by James Nance (new president of Packard) and George Mason (president of Nash) Both Packard and Nash were in very strong cash positions. At this point Packard stock was the second most widely held automotive stock after General Motors. Unfortunately halfway through the process Mason had a heart attack. His successor, Romney was totally in the dark about the plan and was not interested when informed about it. So Packard continued on with Studebaker and Nash with Hudson. Packard still planned to consolidate production and maximize interchangeability to lower costs and increase efficiency. To this end Packard built a new engine plant, new assembly plant (computer punch card controlled) and also took on government contracts for jet engines and navel engines. Packards quality problems were primarily in the early 55 models due to the move to the Connor ave. plant. They were mostly resolved by midyear except for a problem with the rear axles supplied by Dana, cars were recalled and replacement axles furnished, unfortunately the replacement axles were no better and also had to be replaced. As to innovation, Packard was more innovative in this period than at almost any other time in their history. The 55s featured a new V8 engine, the largest, most powerful in the industry, a new transmission, a revolutionary new self leveling suspension system that had everyone else playing catch-up (air suspension wouldn't appear for a couple of years and was a dismal failure) safety side marker lights. 1956 saw a pushbutton electronic transmission, reversible upholstery, a bigger engine, aluminum case transmission and offered seat belts and a thicker padded dash and a positive traction rear axle that was within the price range of most car buyers. Packard engines and transmissions appeared in Studebakers, Nashs and Hudsons. The primary problem was the massive capital outlays that Packard was making, 54 million for Studebaker, the costs of building a brand new engine plant and new assembly plant (Conner ave) ,the total revamp of the cars for 1955, and a totally new car planned for the 57 model year which would have utilized a common platform for Studebaker Packard cars (cost estimates 57million) and the cancellation of jet engine contracts (the B 47 was replaced by the B52) Packard was forced to shop for loans which they seldom had to do because of their strong cash position in the past They were quite surprised to find that there were few people willing to loan to a car company that wasn't one of the big three. The one source that they had counted on had already committed huge amounts of cash to a risky project, apparently some movie producer wanted to build an amusement park out in the orange groves of southern California. Studebaker Packard fell victim to corporate raiding through a loan, management agreement with Curtis Wright Corporation. Curtis Wright sold off all of the Packard assets of any value and Studebaker Packard was left to carry on in South Bend. When Studebaker automobiles went under in the 64-66 period it didn't go bankrupt, they simply closed the automotive division of the corporation but continued on in various incarnations, Studebaker Worthington makers of stationary commercial compressors, Schafer appliances and STP (Studebaker total performance) ultimately various parts were sold or absorbed but they didn't just go bankrupt. Several pictures of the interior of the Packard factory are of the Connor ave. plant interior, not the Grand boulevard plant. Again production of automobiles ceased at the Grand blvd. facility in 1954. There were a number of tenants in the Packard property on Grand Blvd. that I am aware of occupying the property for a number of years; a wholesale grocery, a number of small businesses as well as the welfare office located for a time in the administrative building. A Packard's grave is also its birthplace The car in the picture in not a Packard, I think it's a Chrysler product. I certainly enjoyed seeing your article and pictures, I realize that it is no small thing to write a history or even a synopsis of a complex situation like Studebaker Packard in the postwar era. There are a lot of personal opinions and versions of history. I have talked to some of the original participants (James Nance, Richard Teague etc.) and even their versions contradict each other so I doubt we will ever actually know exactly what happened. If I can get to them up in the attic I will see if I can send you pictures (if you're interested) of the Packard plant in 1974 and 86 at the Packard national meets (I think the years are correct) I also have an article that I wrote for someone (I forgot who and I don't remember if it was published) called "Packard, what if" if you're interested I'll see if I can find it too. Thanks again Mike
good stuff,good read, great photos,NICE ONE,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I own a 1949 Studebaker Champion Starlight Coupe. It has the standard 170 cubic inch inline 6, with a 3 speed on the column, with overdrive. (A Studebaker innovation) My great great uncle bought it new in 1949. He gave it to my grandfather in the 80s, and it sat in his garage for years, until I finally convinced him to get it repainted and get the exterior cleaned up. The wheels were cleaned up, he put some white walls on, the dent in the rear fender was fixed, and it was repainted the original dark blue color. About a year later he passed away and left this triumph of American craftsmanship to me…. Im 16 years old. But I grew up in a muscle car museum, and while it doesnt have cowl induction, a 4 barrel carburator, an 8 track, or a 426 Hemi, this car is of better build quality than anything ive ever seen. Studebaker started as a wagon company in 1852, they entered the auto industry in 1902 with electric cars, and started making gasoline cars in 1904. The gas mileage of my Champion blows anything of the time out of the water, with an incredible combined mileage of 23 mpg! Studebaker was also the first company to use foam in their seats, and from someone who has ridden in about any Rolls Royce, Bentley, Mercedes, BMW, Cadillac that you can name, that Studebaker is the most comfortable car ive ever been in. Rose colored glasses in the trash. They also revolutionized the overdrive system, the automatic transmission and the independent suspension system. (As shown in one of their Tv commercials, driving across a rough desert at funny speed. Now, some people thought that Studebakers were not good cars because of a greedy, cutthroats company called E-M-F who tried to put them out of business so they could take it for themself. They decided to build cars and have Studebaker put their name on it so Studebaker could have some of the profit. But emf purposely made horrendously unreliable cars for Studebaker to put their name on. The folks at emf figured that they could make the Studebaker name mud so no one would buy them, then emf could take all their money and business. But the Studebaker people were smart and started selling the emf cars as emf's instead of Studebakers. So emf's plan backfired on them and led to their own destruction. But Studebaker went on to make dozens of great models including the Lark, Hawk, Land Cruiser, and the famous Avanti, to name a few. My Champion is all original all the way to the 6 volt system. Even has the original wiring. Not a single thing has been replaced on this car. Original engine would idle all day if I let it, and purrs down the road like a Persian cat in a rich mans lap. 3 speed manual transmission shifts smoother than any manual transmission ive ever felt, which is a lot, because of the muscle car museum. All mechanical components of the car are 63 years old and never seen any kind of problem. It also has an in cabin hood release, a retractable antenna, and a vent on the side that lets cool air in at your feet. Good on a hot night in Alabama. These were all unheard of features at the time. The wrap around rear glass was the secondary big trademark of Studebaker, (the first being the bullet nose, which came a year after mine) and it is amazing to see. And it completely eliminates the blind spot.
All of that to say that Studebaker and shoddy craftsmanship don't belong in the same sentence. They, much like Chrysler, (with Diamler) got screwed by another company and got a mark on their name. Studebaker and Packard are both true American heroes, but their quality and innovation are forgotten by so many. It is nice to see car guys like y'all who remember these kings of the road, and I encourage you to keep on Packin/Bakin! And who knows what the future will hold, if Datsun can return from the dead, so can Studebaker and Packard.
Rick Malecki
Got any pictures of your '49 Starlight Coupe? My Mom and Dad bought one new. It was our family car when I was a kid. It was yellow with a bunch of extra chrome (don't doubt my dad borrowed some of the chrome as it made it's way home in his lunch pail). My Dad, Grandpa's and uncles worked there for years. Thanks, Rick
Jan 7, 2014 Reply
I have allways been a fan of Packard since I was 7 years old and helping my dad restore a 1934 Packard 8. Wonderfull pics and sad that the PMCC of today made an super ugly prototype and is now trying to sell not only the car but the company for 1.5 mil.Shamefull..I love old Packards even some of the 50's packards
This is one interesting article. The great "what if" is if Mason and Nance had been able to complete the merger process that stopped when Mason died. I read in some of these postings that it came to the point where Packard had to opportunity to merge with American Motors or merge with Studebaker and chose to go with Studebaker. Who knows how things would have gone if Packard had chosen to merge into AMC. They would have been able to be the Cadillac of the company with Hudson and Nash covering the other two areas like Mercury and Ford did for Ford Motor Company. Maybe then Studebaker would have joined them seeing that they would have been alone in the business and having to compete with four automotive giants.
Its a shame that some part of this proud piece of history couldnt be saved as a museum to the Packard line of automobiles.
Red Ivivus
Times may well change and the plant can get a new life. There is a train station in Manchester England closed since the 1960's (and since only ever used as a film set for post apopolyptic movies & tv shows and such like). Anyway there is talk/plans to re open it as there are major rail expansion plans afoot and all the other suitable stations are full to capacity. So detroit you never know,,,,
Who owns this property? Does someone pay the taxes on it? Has it been repossessed by the city?
Kip, to answer your questions:
the city of Detroit, no, and yes (because of that no. 😉 )
Impressive buildings – and equally impressive story about this automobile factory. Interesting reading – both for a Dane (with an old Volvo!) far from the spot – and for many others, when you read all the interesting comments above.
I am not sure who made this statement or where it came from, I am not the source, please check replys. Studebaker is the only car company in existance that discontinued its auto operations while still making a profit. It was the Board of Directors who bailed. The auto division was profitable, but after production stopped in the US and engines were being sourced from GM, there was no attempt to keep design and engineering going. They simply used up spare parts and stopped when those ran out. I myself owned a late '66 which had 64/65 side molding added when it went out the door. When they ran out of trunk lids in '66 that was stopping point. The Canadian operation was a good one, and could have continued indefinitley if not for the board. After ceasing auto production, the 1967 Annual report showed a huge profit by the company, 200 or 300 million I believe from all the different divisions. It was by then known as Studebaker-Worthington. The board had wanted to exit autos in 1961 when they hired the new President Sherwood Egbert, but he attemped to reverse course, he was fighting upstream and he became ill with Cancer. He did manage to restyle the Hawk line, the Lark line and introduce the ever alive Avanti, before he was replaced with an old Packard man Byers Burlingame, who almost immediatley shut the South Bend plant down, ending auto, truck, military, postal vehicles in on fell swoop.
Fascinating and revealing article, with some fine illustrations…and amazing commentary that followed. I photographed the interior of the plant in 1999 (for a book I was doing called Abandoned America) and found it haunting. If I'd had the time, I would have spent days inside. I am now planning to use a photo I took of a urinal inside the plant for a photo book I'm doing on bathrooms. This article gave me some great information to include in my caption. THANKS.
Apr 2, 2013 Reply
Craig Sasser
There are several Throphy properties in Detroit sitting around vacant even as the city tries to make a comeback. There is a large eyesore right next to Henry Ford Hospital, the Michigan Train Station, the Highland Park Industrial Plant, etc. Can you find out who owns these parcels and how do they profit from letting them sit around like this? Its hard to comprehend.
Most abandoned commercial properties around Detroit are now owned by the city; major municipalities usually have legislature written allowing cities the right to seize properties within city limits that have severe outstanding tax bills.
Since the city owns the properties, they are not collecting taxes on them. There are plans in place for structured demolition and industrial rejuvenation around the city, but it will only happen as funds become available. Detroit is sort-of undergoing a rebirth right now, so I wouldn't be surprised to see some of these plans start to unfold over the next 5-10 years.
One can only hope they are successful and this once-great city can rise again.
Can you find out who owns these properties and why they are not for sale?
I wouldn't say the properties are not for sale. If you approached Detroit with their asking price I'm sure they'd be happy to sell it to you.
I did try and follow the ownership path but it's hazy. It appears to be owned by the city of Detroit since the early 1990s at least, if not longer (they seized the factory from the previous owners who were not paying taxes). From what I can tell there is a Detroit businessman named Dominic Cristini who was the property manager when it was owned by the city in the 1990s; as recent as the early 2000's Dominic was trying to save the plant. It does not appear he owns it, but at one point managed it and according to what I can find he was spearheading the group trying to save the plant.
You also had a businessman in Phoenix named Roy Gullickson who owned the Packard name (he purchased it for $50k in 1994). Roy has tried to bring the nameplate back but did not appear to originally intend to involve the plant. A Chicago Sun-Times article in 2000 indicates Cristini was reaching out to Gullickson about involving the plant in the Packard redux. Cristini also indicated he was lining up private investors to purchase the plant, but it's been almost 10 years and the city apparently still owns it. Another article in September of 2000 said Gullickson was teaming up with Kruse International auctions and eBay Motors to sell the Packard name online, but they were unsuccessful.
Roy released a Packard prototype with a V12 in 2003 that was displayed at the Pebble Beach Concours, but that is where the Packard rebirth would end when there was apparently not enough interest and no additional financing. That prototype was sold at auction in 2009 and Roy tried once again to sell the Packard naming rights and all associated equipment for $1.5M. From what I can tell he was unsuccessful, and is still the owner. An article in 2010 states he now lives in Canada.
Regarding the plant: the city wants to demolish it but a combination of tight purse strings and numerous Packard aficionados have banded together to try and save it. Until a big enough investor comes along to "solve" the issue once and for all, this might end in a stalemate for some time longer.
wycliffewy
They go up for auction pretty often, and then the buyers fail to pay up, so they revert back to the county (Wayne County). It's happened three times in 2013 alone.
You can't buy something like this without having a credible plan for demolition and/or development. The sale price of the parcels is probably less than you'd think (It's changed hands for $2 and $6 million that I know about.)
beachbabygirrl
The state of MI or the Federal Govt should use this property as a prison.
It is big enough to be able to house hundreds of thousands of inmates and not only will it employ thousands and thousands of people, the trains could be used to transport inmates from out of state to house those who are in over crowed prisons.
This could be something that would revitalize Detroit.
retrokick
For those that had asked about the status of the property now: apparently it is going up for sale in fall 2013. A friend just posted an article on Facebook about it…. http://detroit.curbed.com/archives/2013/05/packard-plant-headed-for-auction-as-one-massive-entity.php
My husband restores classic cars and collect bricks from significant old buildings. I wish I knew someone close to Detroit that would ship some bricks to me. We have quite a few from places before they were torn down. I research and get black and white photos with history written up with each set of bricks.
walterrhett
Reblogged this on Black History 360*.
Packards were certainly well made and beautiful cars. I saw a 1935 dual cowl phaeton in a museum in Lancaster PA that was really impressive for its quality and design.
It seems incredible that this plant was made in 1903. Its hard to believe that there was that much of a demand for cars at that time.
Does anyone know what happened to the original owners?
Last, I never heard the v12 motor, or the PT boat motor, but the straight 8 motor had a very nice and powerful sound to it.
johnheck69@gmail.com
Aug 9, 2013 Reply
James Ward Packard (the original owner) died of natural causes and quite wealthy at age 65, young but not surprisingly so for the time.
Oh, PS., automobiles were revolutionizing society, responsible for some of the most dramatic changes to ever affect society. Of *course* there was incredible demand!
Another great article and pictures. To me, it is a misfortune of Studebaker and Packard; they were both really good cars at the time.
Wondering who I can speak to about getting permission to use one of the photos? My husband loves it and I wanted to get it printed and framed for him.
@Ashley – Really, the state of copyright in this online era is like this. If you want to reproduce a picture from the internet, you don't really need permission unless you plan to sell it or mass-produce and distribute it.
Patricia Hamilton
I wish someone would buy The PACKARD PLANT & have the PACKARD CARS COME BACK.
The PACKARD CARS are BEAUTIFUL and it WOULD BE NICE and GREAT to see them AGAIN.
It would be VERY SAD to see The PACKARD PLANT BUILDING to be gone.
My father was a body engineer in the final years , or nearly so, at Packard. He came to Michigan to work for Chrysler and jumped to Packard after hearing there were opportunities there. His office was at the proving grounds. I have faint memories of the test track when I was just three or so.
Many would like what I am about to say, but my own perspective is that Packard like many of the competitors with GMC and Ford, in particular were seen as unwanted interlopers. Only Ford and GM had the financial power to "kill off" the competition. A friend of Billy Durant said that during a conversation with him in 1938 that he had some regrets starting GM for fear that it had used its financial power against competitors. I think this is more than likely.
My father died at age 32 believing his illness was due to exposure to carbon tet while doing his job. I think it may have saddened him to see the demise of this maker of some great automobiles.
I'm sorry to hear about your father, Rob. I can't imagine it is an easy topic for you to discuss. I'd be curious to hear the workers' perspective of what happened in those final years.
Reblogged this on bubblingpoint.
Awesome, now tear it all down and put in a nice 35 acre park for people to enjoy.
I'm not sure this is the largest abandoned industrial complex in the world. Look up Indiana Army Ammunition Plant in Charlstown Indiana. Over 6,000 acres remain (of an over 12,000 acre facility) with close to a thousand abandoned buildings. I've visited it myself and the size and scope is difficult to fathom once you are in there.
Karl D Furrutter
The abandoned '40's car in the pics is indeed Chrysler in origin. It is in fact a '42 Plymouth or Dodge. Sad to see it like that considering the 1942 model year ended in the first quarter of '42 due to the US entry into the holocaust of WW2.
William Howerth
As a former owner of a 1941 Packard Convertible coupe and a current employee of the Albert Kahn Family of Comany's, this discussion has brought a long tear to my eye. Kahn as it is now referred to, the original designers of the plant, still holds the original drawings to the plant. We have talked to several developers as to what could or could not be done with what is left. Bottom line, large areas are still structurally sound and could be redeveloped. Other areas are beyond redemption and will need to razed. With any large undertaking such as this it wiil take copious amounts of vision and money to make something of the site again. Kahn stands willing, able and ready to assist in any way we can. The recent purchaser from Peruvian has made their final payment and we are waiting to see what their next move is.
I'm not an engineer, but have worked as a draughtsman. My AutoCAD mentor had worked for Kahn. I wonder if any drawings are still around from the building of the Packard plant? I do not have 3D background, but I'd love to take a stab at a 3D of the old plant! I wonder if anyone has done any 3D models of the old plant?
I know my father walked a a new Packard down the assembly line. It was for his uncle a funeral director.
Good afternoon. I searched for an update on this and found an article, dated just today 12/17, that it has been purchased: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-17/packard-plant-buyer-predicts-rebirth-for-symbol-of-detroit-decay.html
Thanks for sharing, Wendy. Mr. Palazuelo won't be the first person to have tried to purchase and develop the property, but the article did say he paid the escrow – which is farther than anyone before him has gotten in the process. Nothing finalized, of course, but this offers hope we haven't had in the past. I'll keep an eye on this, thanks for the update!
Crashing Nightingale
The Packard is one of my favorite automobiles. 🙂 Great article.
Cheers, CN 🙂
Larry Friskopp
Its too bad this monstrous plant will rot away into history but that can't really be stopped. Detroit is in ruin and has no money to even run basic services, let alone restore or even demolish this huge complex. I am amazed that people actually think Packard can come back and use these buildings. It would take billions to make this a usable structure again, profits could never exceed costs. A dismal end to an amazing story. We can only restore and admire these magnificent automobiles.
doucettefr
I'm wondering if Eminem has read this?? LOL
Common commentator
I truly appreciate coming across this well informed, researched, and presented article. Excellent photos, history, everything! Thank you.
this is a great story but a sad one to my farther had a packard when i was a kid it was new early 50s and it was a nice car and right hand drive as i live in Australia it is sad to see a great icon as this just go to shit
Feb 8, 2014 Reply
noellevignola
The images in this piece and the videos reminded me of film footage of Chernobyl.
After this is gone the RINGNECK Pheasants will make their return to the area!
Lou Renner
My grandmother owned a Packard in the 40's which was a great auto. Oh what a ride and performance it had. The car will never be replaced.
Dixie Campbell
My Father was a Packard Dealer in Grand Island Nebr. I was just a kid, but I loved Packards. My husband and I even owned 2 after we were married. I never knew the end story of Packard. Glad to read this article but left me rather sad. We still have a 1956 Packard Caribian in the family, As a kid, it was exciting when the new models came out! They would put the new model in the show room in the middle of the night and cover it. It would be outed a few days later, and looking back I am amazed now at the number of people who were interested and came to see the unveiling. Pleasant memories.
(This is stretching the topic a bit, but I did tour the old site last year.) In my neighbourhood in Toronto, about 10 years ago they were shooting the movie "Hairspray". They completly did over an entire long city block to look like the 50s. It was really a top-notch Hollywood job, fantastic. And of course included in that were great cars, including a Carribean. I've never seen a such a great combination of colours in a 3-tone car. Although my father (who grew up in Detroit) had his own impression of Packard quality, that Caribbean became mine.
Herman Krieger
I worked in the photo dept. at Packard during 1943-44 before entering the US Army Air Corps. It was sas to see what has become of Packard Motor Car Co.
is it for sale?
Alan Wacha
Simply amazing how a large company could fail.
Amazing cars. Amazing (hi)story. Amazing post. And – as always! – Amazing and brilliant photos.
I wish you a Happy Christmas!
Thank you friend, you as well! Jeg håber du holder dig varm denne vinter. 🙂
These vandels and thieves should be shot. Their bodies left to rot. Remove the roofs, and grow veggies and Cannabis. Hire guards with orders to shoot. Turn the buildings that are salvagable, into poultry houses.
luminousjuju
Since anyone who could have legal title to the property has given that up (by not paying taxes on it since 1988 or so) there are no 'vandals' or 'thieves' to speak of. Or trespassers, for that matter.
No matter about the legal niceties: it's clear from your comment that you place a much higher value on property and possessions (even if you don't own them yourself) than on human lives.
Pffffft. Those buildings didn't ruin Themselves. There *HAD* to have been legions of thugs in there.
Barbaby Wadsworthington
Monkeys,I mean democrats destroy everything.
As a packard from England who is doing their family history. THANK YOU FOR THE PHOTOS AND ARTICLE
prentz2
Carol- the Packard family in more recent times had some interesting marriages. Mildred Gray Cote, who was the daughter of Edward Gray (Henry Ford's Chief Engineer at Highland Park from 1909 to 1914) marriage John Lafayette Cote. His sister Evangeline Cote Dahlinger is often mentioned as Henry Ford's mistress. John and Mildred had a daughter Sally Cote Packard- yes, she married Warren Packard III. It only goes 'round and round' in the Motor City!
When America was America. Not flooded with something for nothing culture. Immigrants that were proud to be Americans and would be utterly insulted to be considered anything other than a English speaking American. The democrats hadn't fully destroyed the black culture yet, no reality shows, texting, transgender bathrooms, mass shootings, just whole milk, baseball, and the only Mexicans YOU knew we're in taco commercials, blacks weren't running around blaming everybody and destroying cities, European immigrants, the backbone of this country are now history, like this factory. It's all downhill from here on out folks.
Barbaby- you are spot on!
Dave Mazz
I suspect it's like the line in the old-time Pogo cartoon strip……"We have met the enemy, and he is us."
Lou Rugani
To clarify some errors:
First, Packard never declared bankruptcy. Also, the article says:
"By 1957 Packards were no longer assembled at the Detroit plant. For the next two years a handful of Studebaker models continued to wear the Packard badge…"
It depends on one's definition of "a handful". For 1957, 4,809 Packards were built with 2,622 more for 1958, for a total of 7,431, and there were some major differences beyond the badge. Quality control was high; the trim and interiors were very luxurious; and the 275HP supercharged 289 Studebaker engine in Packards made it one of the fastest cars of that model year.
"In the early 1960s, Studebaker dropped the Packard name altogether."
Again, the last Packards were the '58s,
"Upon liquidation, the remaining pre-war Packard designs and tooling were sold to buyers around the world. For decades Packard clones would continue to be built in Russia under the ZIL and ZIM nameplates, catering to the Communist elite."
No, these older Russian Packard-looking cars are copies of American Packards, and the parts don't interchange.
"Post-war Packard designs in the Soviet Union lasted well into the 1970s."
Again, they're quasi-copies with no ties to Packard. Thanks.
I was at a presentation of the Packard Motors Foundation out at the Packard Proving Grounds, or what was left of the proving grounds.
The banked track is now gone, replaced by a condo project, as well as the "badlands track."
I learned some facts at the presentation. Packard gave us the "H" pattern gear shift. Until the Global Explorer set the record for time in flight it was a Packard powered plane that held a record of 84 hours in the air. In 1928, an Indicar driver set a record of 148mph on the track. Packard cars would be tested at the track, 10,000 miles in ten days. Cars would be run in for high end customers before delivery. So many firsts.
Ironically, PT-109 was probably powered by Packard engines!
Curtis Wright purchased the property from Packard, but Ford eventually took it over.
IF the company had not been such a great company the loss would not be so great. What a great legacy.
Wow! This is one of the most intriguing articles I've ever read. Well written and well done! I stumbled across this article while researching my family history. I noticed on my great uncle's draft record that he was employed at Packard Automotive. Prior to this stumbling across this website, I'd not heard of this plant by name. What's even more bazaar is that while doing a year internship at Detroit Arsenal in Warren , MI I would drive by this plant every so often, when taking this route and I would always have a sadness in my heart, to the point of tears, because of its dilapidation… so I thought. Now that I have found out that my late great uncle worked here for many years, I now understand why I felt a strange emotional connection. I wish that I could find out more about the people that worked for Packard. Great Article!
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text:
An Invaluable Bit of Aquinas
The Human Person: A Beginner's Thomistic Psychology
by Steven J. Jensen.
The Catholic University of America Press, 2018.
Reviewed by Casey Chalk
How would our society be different if all Americans had just a little bit of Thomas Aquinas? Many of our age's most pressing questions would be answered sagely and succinctly—yet sufficiently—if Americans had the same familiarity with the Prima Pars of Aquinas's Summa Theologiae as they do the lyrics to Journey's "Don't Stop Believing" or the storyline of the original Star Wars trilogy. Yet, I'd wager, most Americans would be hard-pressed to identify who Thomas Aquinas is, let alone his most important works or ideas. This is why The Human Person: A Beginner's Thomistic Psychology, by University of St. Thomas, Houston professor Steven J. Jensen is such an invaluable text. In less than three-hundred pages Jensen effectively and accessibly introduces the most foundational concepts of Thomistic philosophical thought. In keeping with the claim that Aquinas can answer many controversial contemporary debates, this article will answer three such questions, all offered through the prism of popular American films.
Blade Runner 2049, a popular remake of the original 1982 film Blade Runner, takes place in an imagined 2049, where robot bioengineered people called replicants serve as the slaves of humans. The remains of a female replicant who died during a caesarean section is discovered by a replicant police officer, seeming to suggest that the robots are capable of sexually reproducing. Over the course of the film, the viewer is told that these replicants can feel, think, and dream just like humans. Perhaps the most salient questions raised by the sci-fi movie is then "can computers ever acquire all the traits that would make them indistinguishable from mankind?" Aquinas gives a thorough, well-reasoned answer.
We must first understand what he describes as the essential difference between transient and immanent actions. The former are actions defined by an agent (or subject) giving rise to some change in a patient (or object). Examples of this include most things we visibly witness in the material world: a person drawing a picture, fire making a pan hot, or a cat begetting cats. The latter, alternatively, are actions without a patient acted upon but that retain a certain end—the actions begin and end with the agent. Examples of this include thinking, imagining, remembering, and certain parts of the actions of seeing or hearing.
A computer can obviously do plenty of transient actions. For example, it can play chess by following mathematical computations, and then offer outputs. These transient actions can be very complex and very rapid, which can given the impression that a computer might possess the same qualities as a human person. But a computer cannot perform immanent actions. It isn't aware that it's playing chess. Nor can an arrangement of transient activities, no matter how many or how diverse, create an immanent activity like memory. As Jensen explains, a collection of transient activities only "directs the activities of the parts." The "memory" that machines have is more akin to the memory of a notebook, rather than that of a person. The ink on the paper has no "memory" as such, but lies in the mind of the person who wrote it, or those persons who later read it. Likewise a machine only has "memory," inasmuch as it derives from the person who created the machine, or later persons who understand how it works. Put simply, machines, no matter how complex, will never transcend their material, transitive nature.
Computers aren't the only thing our culture identifies with humans. The recent revival of the "Planet of the Apes" series (e.g. Rise of the Planet of the Apes, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, War for the Planet of the Apes), depicts animals as possessing many of the same qualities as persons. These include intelligence, will, and the ability to use complex machines (like assault rifles). Such sci-fi imaginings are unsurprising given the common belief that man is descended from lower life forms, like apes. But this also reflects a zeitgeist that believes animals, and certainly pets, possess many of the same qualities as humans, and have the same rights.
Here again, Aquinas's distinctions are helpful. Let's first consider reason. It's true that animals' behavior can look like reason: beavers create patterns when constructing their dams; other animals appear to recognize similarities and differences. Yet humans are fundamentally distinct—only they are aware of themselves as conscious beings. Thus while an animal might draw a connection between a behavior and a result (like a dog who sits acquires a treat), it does not abstract this "knowledge" into broader principles. It simply recognizes that a certain physical behavior results in a sense-based thing it desires. Moreover, the dog associates behaviors with results, but it doesn't comprehend the telos, as in why certain behaviors are rewarded and others are not.
Let's also consider language, another indication of human-like abilities. Though a chimp learning two or three hundred words may look like language, it only conveys information; it doesn't engage in a mental process of representation. Recognizing that doing the sign for the American Sign Language word for banana will often lead to receiving a banana is not the same thing as understanding that a certain external behavior represents banana. This is even clear when we consider the formation of sentences, which is something animals simply don't do. Indeed, animals trained to imitate grammar by forming sentences have never increased the length of their combinations of words or phrases, suggesting they only connect words with sense-experience.
Moreover animals never seem to pick up language without human direction. Chimps who hang around scientists all day don't learn words or phrases like "control," or "measure" or "have any weekend plans?" They only learn the words or phrases purposefully and dogmatically taught to them: "give" "banana" "me." Indeed, we have no reason to believe a chimp actually understands, in the abstract, that he is communicating "Give me [a] banana." As Jensen notes:
Only humans possess the power to abstract, that is, the power to know similarities within reality, leaving behind the differences; the power to predicate, that is, the power to combine the similarities while yet recognizing they are separate; the power to compare our knowledge to the objects we know; and the power to infer, that is, the power to recognize the relation between ideas, so that we can move from one idea to another.
Attempts at undermining human uniqueness have also come from philosophical speculation regarding man's will and fate. In the popular 2007 film No Country for Old Men, archetypal sociopathic killer Anton Chigurh determines the fate of many of his victims with a coin toss. One of his victims, shortly before he kills her, tells him: "You don't have to do this." He demands she call a coin toss. She responds, "No, I ain't gonna call it.… The coin don't have no say! It's just you!" He responds, "I got here the same way the coin did." Chigurh operates out of a twisted sense of fate, believing that the coin toss, not his own actions, are ultimately responsible for persons' fate. There are many people in the West who believe man's actions are just as predetermined—perhaps by evolutionary biology—as does Chigurh.
Aquinas's response begins by arguing that every act of the will arises from an inclination. More precisely, this inclination is towards the good—every willful act by a human person is taken because the will is inherently dispositioned towards the good. Yet the will is directed by that other human power with an immaterial end, namely, the intellect. Thus, although the will is in one sense not free (it isn't inclined towards the bad, but always the good), it is free in relation to lesser goods, which are determined by the intellect. Jensen explains:
In the interplay between reason and the will, then, reason begins by presenting some good (such as health), which the will then desires. Next, the will moves reason to deliberate, in order to determine whether this good is worth pursuing and by what means. The deliberations of reason ultimately issue some judgment about actions to be performed (such as biking). The will then must accept or reject this judgment. More precisely, the will must either continue with its movement to deliberation or it must cease deliberation and move to the action that reason has presented.
This view is quite sophisticated, because it recognizes that all objects have some good, but don't fully realize the ultimate good. Thus man, moved by his will, often chooses things that have some marginal good, but actually undermine his greater good. Yet he always retains the ability to direct his will—via his intellect—towards what will promote his own flourishing. Contra the Texan murderer Chigurh, man always has the choice not to make his choices by some coin flip, or some indelible inclination towards certain ends, but by intellection, directing the will towards any number of outcomes that could never be predicted by biology or chemistry.
These reflections have only scratched the surface of Jensen's text and the logical labors behind the arguments I've presented here. For those who require more intense argumentation to accept the claim that robots will never be human, that humans are greater than other animals, or that humans possess free will, they will have to read the relevant chapters in The Human Person and decide for themselves. Yet I hope even these brief, inadequate summaries of St. Thomas and Dr. Jensen will prove to the casual reader that Aquinas is more than some esoteric medieval Catholic theologian, but a brilliant mind whose ideas and arguments on topics of the highest relevance to contemporary society require careful consideration to realize the truth. Indeed, as Aquinas's own spiritual and intellectual mentor declared, "the truth will make you free."
Casey Chalk is a graduate student at the Notre Dame Graduate School of Theology at Christendom College, and a contributor for The American Conservative.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Juniors in SARC Homs branch acquired new skills after attending educational and recreational activities during summer club. The activities were concluded on Saturday 9th of September. The volunteers suggested some new activities for winter and expressed their opinions on Summer Club activities which included basics of first aid, introduction to photography, chess, and visits to the elderly house. These activities were concluded in a ceremony attended by Dr Motaz Al Atassi, head of SARC Homs board.


text:
Q: IE8 и ниже. Не работает font-face Всем привет. Сконвертил шрифт с помощью font2web (хотя это не важно, вроде бы). Вот код font-face:
@font-face {
    font-family: 'MyriadProCond';
    src: local('☺'), url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.woff') format('woff'), url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.ttf') format('truetype'), url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.svg') format('svg');
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
}

Везде все замечательно, а вот в IE8 и 7 не работает. Не могу понять почему.
Для навигации, например, пишу, как и надо:
#nav {
    font-family: 'MyriadProCond';
}

font Для body такой (там еще один шрифт подключается - regular):
body {
    font: 14px/20px 'MyriadPro', Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif;
}

A: Потому что браузер IE до 8 версии включительно поддерживает только один формат шрифтов - EOT.
Доказательство.
Переконвертируйте Ваш шрифт в этот формат и будем Вам счастье!
A: @font-face {
    font-family: 'MyriadProCond';
    src: url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.eot');
    src: url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
         url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.woff') format('woff'),
         url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.ttf') format('truetype'),
         url('../fonts/cond/MyriadPro-Cond.svg#MyriadProCond') format('svg');
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As this TWOG goes up (usually posted Thursdays at 2 am in Montreal, to appear early in Europe), I will be in Brazil, soon to give a keynote address at the launching of Marina Silva's Sustainability Network, which is intended to change the politics of the country (as discussed in last week's TWOG). Despite their problems (discussed the week before), I believe that Brazilians may be the ones to show the way forward in this unbalanced world. With limited time this week to prepare a regular TWOG, I draw on my collection of favourite quotes to help inspire the Network.
Collection © Henry Mintzberg 2016 Follow this TWOG on Twitter @mintzberg141, or receive the blogs directly in your inbox by subscribing here.
I am on vacation this week, so let me offer some more from my lifetime collection of quotes, these mostly about quantities.


Grace is the most important doctrine of the Christian faith. It is the corner stone of Christianity. It certainly makes sense to create a widespread awareness of the doctrine because there will be no Christianity without it. Which is why I was compelled to write this series. Kindly see this is not a 100% systematic study of the Doctrine of Grace. It's just an effort to explain the doctrine in layman's terms and its importance to us.
Previously we learned the necessity for God's grace and its role in the life of the repentant sinner. Today I will share with you it's role in the life of the believer.
Antinomianism comes from the Greek meaning lawless. Being one of the most virulent forms of heterodoxies about Christianity, antinomianism holds that the moral law is of no use or obligation under the gospel dispensation of grace, because salvation is by faith only. Therefore antinomianism stands in direct contradiction of the biblical doctrine of grace. It has been condemned as erroneous by some of the most notable Theologians in church history.


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text:
Jasmine's Juice Featuring Straight Outta Compton UK Premiere, Izzy Bizu at Soho House, BBC Indian Season.
JASMINE AT THE LONDON PREMIERE FOR STRAIGHT OUTTA COMPTON.
STRAIGHT OUTTA COMPTON UK PREMIERE.
ICE CUBE WITH HIS SON O'SHEA JACKSON.
The highlight of my week was seeing the Straight Outta Compton premiere with my mate Kanya King at the picture house cinema in Piccadilly where loads of #TeamUK music stars were in attendance as well as the legend that is Ice Cube!
In the audience knocking back drinks in the VIP bar were Giggs who arrived with his music pal Lily Allen, Ella Eyre, DJ Manny Norte, broadcaster Reg Yates, music acts Wretch32, Kano, Dizzee Rascal and D Double E, Radio 1 DJ Clara Amfo, pop strumpet and Simon Cowell's pal Sinitta and Tim Westwood.
Broadcaster Trevor Nelson introduced the cast members and Ice Cube who welcomed us heartily and said ''When NWA came out there was no social media to highlight all that was going on around the world. NWA put Compton on the map''. Cube added '''you'll hear a lot of shit about who's not in this movie and more but please focus on the story of the group. We had a lot of fun and shit talking during making it and hope you enjoy it''.
Ice Cube's son O'Shea Jackson junior played the roe of his father in the movie and thanked us for '' everyone being here and participating in the digital media hashtags and more, you guys really helped this NWA movement stay alive for the future decades'.
Actor Jason Mitchelle who played the role of Eazy E said ''it's been spectacular since we've been here! Thank you for your support. This man Ice Cube put a stamp on this movie and Compton and this has completely changed my life''.
Watching the now legendary stories about Ruthless Records, hilarious comedy disses including one liners about breakdance film Beat street, the boo hiss evil white money man Jerry Heller, Priority Records, Suge Knight, memories of the FBI banning F*** The Police from being performed live, R&B act and Dre's one time girl friend Michel'le and the now legendary Ice Cube VS NWA beef were gripping.
I can't even put into words how emotional I felt after watching Straight Outta Compton. I feel like I was spun in a washing machine and afterwards was in is slow mo. My youth had just flashed before me.
JASMINE AT THE PREMIERE SCREENING WITH FRIENDS INCLUDING MOBO CEO KANYA KING, JUNE SARPONG.
In the nineties, after presenting THE WORD on Channel 4, I was OBSESSED with the Death Row story after I interviewed Snoop, Dre and the rest just after Eazy E died. I read every book about the era since then. But to see how some of those behind the scenes played out on film was mind blowing.
Everyone who grew up in that era is going to love this movie. (We laughed lots at the UK current music stars in the house who didn't understand a lot of the old names and jokes….. Loved it.
JASMINE WITH NEW ABOUT TO BLOW LONDONER- IZZY BIZU AT HER SOHO HOUSE SHOWCASE.
It's great when I see young Londoners doing well in cultural arts industries. I get even more excited when it's a young lady. This fortnight new about to blow artist Izzy Bizu had a mini showcase of her music at the new Soho House location in Dean Street where a plethora of industry faces including PR teams, digital media bloggers and faces like eighties singer Andrew Roachford turned out to see the newbie and check out what she has to offer. The general consensus was wowee and we were left speechless. Izzy is a record labels marketing dream come true. She looks incredible, her voice is faultless and her performance presence onstage is powerful and akin to a singer that's been on the scene decades already.
Signed to Epic Records and managed by music industry lady- Rachel Bee – (I love live), Izzy is visually akin to a young Whitney Houston when she first emerged; all skinny limbs, a fountain of honey corkscrew curls, an innocent teenage bambi-like aura and a voice that's a remix of Nina Simone, Amy Winehouse and Erykah Badu.
Songs that stood out for me fro her Coolbeanz album included Diamonds and White Tiger. Izzy has a semblance that will have guys wanting her and women wanting to be her.
BBC INDIAN SEASON
Next it was off to the fancy and slick media haunt, the Charlotte Street Hotel where I was kindly invited by Kim Shillinglaw (controller BBC2 and BBC4), to have an exclusive first look at their upcoming India Season. The evening showed off a major new season of programmes dedicated to one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world – India.
The screening was followed with a Q&A with the cast of Goodness Gracious Me so as you can imagine, on the whole it was a funny night. Goodness gracious me this time around is bloody hilarious! In my youth i found the content really awkward and cringey, but this series it looks really slick, fresh and modern! Also, this time around focused on Indians in India. The DELHI MAIL skits are really clever! So funny- great scriptwriting and performances!
My colleague wasnt a huge fan of the gags around Ghandi, ( a little tasteless in her opinion, but i think Ghandhi wouldve loved it, he had a great sense of humour and the Indian communities has always been good at laughing at itself so maybe ok). Throughout the screening, there were lots of funny gags and humour and it looks like an interesting Indian season. It highlights the usual hustle and bustle of the country,and its train network which foreign TV programmes clearly cant get enough of, but it's still all insightful nonetheless.I loved the WORLDS BUSIEST RAILWAY – it was beautifully planning, scripted and shot, a really great but of TV! The cast and all involved in the season are clearly all a happy, hardworking, very welcoming bunch.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on 25th August 2015 by Jasmine Dotiwala.
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text:
Euxoa decora är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Denis och Ignaz Schiffermüller 1775. Euxoa decora ingår i släktet Euxoa och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Bildgalleri

Källor

Externa länkar

Nattflyn
decora

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Category: Social Sciences History and Philosophy Tags: Brexit, community, EU referendum, history, immigration, Politics by Bryony.
Interesting stuff. I'm always suspicious of an assimilation narrative as it can (in my view) lead to undue pressure on first-generation migrants to "adapt or die". Is there anywhere I can look for further discussion on this? I'm particularly interested in the line that it is "not inconsistent" both to push assimilation and value existing diversity.
The numbers are diffrent. Migration levels and migrants numbers are 25 to 30 times greater that in any period of British history. A walk round almost any part of London would confirm that.
We are well on te way to cutltural separation which is leading to political separation.
The numbers over the last decade are so much higher than anything previously experienced, the public are (quite rightly) very sceptical about the assimilation story. I note that a very high proportion still want immigration substantially reduced, even with your strong priming.
I agree with the sceptics here. Previous immigrations were smaller in number, the population was smaller so more space for expansion, public services were fewer or non-existent, so less pressure on spending, and there was often greater cultural similarity between immigrants and residents. French and Dutch Protestants for example bought a culture harmonious with the residents and skills such as market gardening and silk weaving which added significantly to the economic landscape. This is not to say that modern immigration does not do this at all. It certainly can in many instances, for instance the Polish building trade, Afro Caribbean music and dance, or Asian cuisine. But we also now have groups of immigrants who set themselves against the cultural norms of the host country, even defining themselves in opposition to it, and large scale unskilled immigration which reduces the wages and opportunities of the poorest sectors of the host society. Also, some immigrant groups are divided amongst themselves and bring their pre-existing conflicts into the host realm, while others have customs which are alien to the host nation's laws and values leading to a perception among residents of exceptionalism in the application of the law, and even a reluctance by some authoriies to act at all against serious abuse.


Well it's officially winter is here in the springs! On Monday it went from a pleasant sunny and 70's degrees day to wildly brisk and windy to snow to 20 degrees in a matter of hours. Usually I'm the first to go skipping down the street shouting to everyone "It's snowing, it's snowing! Hurray!" But I dunno, this time I kinda felt unprepared. It happened so fast! There was no warning. No tiny frost or samples of a coming winter. I know I know, It's November, in Colorado, I should be anticipating this but some how that's how I felt. Farewell beautiful Autumn. You were by far the most beautiful season I've had in all the 9 years I've lived in Colorado. Not to mention the longest fall we've ever had. Okay moving on.
In truth, winter is my close second favorite season of the year to autumn. There is something truly enchanting about the way snow makes all the grime and clutter on the streets look beautiful.
Recently I've had several people bring up the topic of getting dolled up and going outside for photos shoots in the snow or discussing how crazy it is. I admit, I'm guilty of dressing up and doing the same. Everything looks so much prettier in the snow! Even my skin does. I wish this first snow shoot of the year had had a nicer background but unfortunately we had company and I only stole Jedidiah away for a quick second to take these. Do you retire your skirts and dresses in the winter? Do you stick mostly to pants? Although I do wear jeans more often, what you see is a completely normal daily outfit for me. I prefer autumn weather but I tolerate the cold very well. If I stay home, well it's leggings and tees. haha.
Has anyone else been having trouble with blurry uploads on blogger today? None of my other posts are like this but this one seems blurry till I click on each pic even though they are crisp and the same as previous photos. Are they blurry from your viewing side too? I'd also love to know what browser you use the most. I use Firefox but am finding Chrome is faster and all around better.
Ok THANK YOU for saying pics are blurry... Why?! I was freaking out earlier trying to schedule a post because my pics were so weird looking. I probably use Chrome more than anything..I'm still one of those people who use internet explorer though for some stuff.
And I agree, we just had our first snow here today. No warning, I'm almost not ready to let go of autumn but it's time we all accept it's basically winter, haha.
I'm glad you said that happened to you too! I must have re-edited this post a million times before I gave up! I still bothers me how fizzy it is. Did you ever have better luck?
Thank you! It was a fun outfit to wear. Love my new top.
Love this outfit on you! You look so lovely :) And the colour of that skirt is just fab!
And I definitely don't retire skirts and dresses in the winter! It's very hard at times to wear them outside haha, but I just love my skirts & dresses too much. I'm sure at certain points this winter when it gets extremly cold, I'll have to break out the pants...but, I hate to!


Many people equate the legal system with matters pertaining to criminal charges, when in fact it is much broader and encompasses family law as well. If you consult a family lawyer in La Plata, you may have a variety of issues to resolve, such as divorce, spousal support, child support, or child custody. Your family law attorney also has expertise in matters such as prenuptial agreements, adoption, and guardianship. Sometimes, matters of family law and criminal law intersect. You might visit a family law firm because of domestic violence, for example. The attorney can help you secure a restraining order against a spouse or partner.
Issues pertaining to family law can be highly complex. Your family lawyer can help you understand your legal rights and options. You may not necessarily need to resolve problems with a trial, for example. Often, family law mediation is recommended. This is an arrangement by which two parties can discuss the matter at hand and reach a mutually favorable agreement. Unfortunately, this informal proceeding may not lead to a legally binding conclusion, which is one reason why your family lawyer might recommend arbitration instead. Arbitration is similar to mediation; however, the parties must abide by the arbiter's decision.


If you've visited the Salt Lake City International Airport (SLC) over the past 28 years, chances are you've seen JC Wilson, shoe-shiner extraordinaire at Goodfellow's Shoeshine. Positioned at the top of the escalators in Terminal 1 after security screening, he sits in a leather-backed chair in front of his elevated wooden workstation, waiting for customers and watching passengers make their way through the airport.
At 6:00 a.m., he's open for business. It's hard to give an accurate description of how many customers he sees a day, JC says, because traffic and demand ebbs and flows. Depending on the flow of customers, though, he'll stick around as long as there are shoes to shine.
There's never a dull moment at the airport for JC. He encounters people from all over the world, and from all walks of life, and that's the way he likes it. JC remembers a time when, unbeknownst to him, he was shining the shoes of a famous person. Were it not for an enthusiastic traveler passing by, Wilson might have never known he was shining Colin Powell's shoes.
A lot has happened in the 28 years that JC has worked for Goodfellow's Shoeshine at SLC. Get him talking about how much things have changed over the years, and how things are continuing to change with the construction of The New SLC, and he'll tell you about a quieter time when the airport was just a single building.
Regardless of the seemingly constant changes happening all around him, JC loves his perch at Terminal 1. The people he meets, the interactions he observes, the conversations he has with his customers as he shines their shoes, are all constant pieces of the job he's loved for 28 years.
On your next trip through SLC, be sure to swing by Terminal 1 and see JC. Stop for the shoe shine, stay for his wit, charisma and stories. It will be a charmed interaction you won't soon forget.


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La gratuidad en Internet se refiere al tipo de información o herramientas que podemos encontrar en la red sin la necesidad de un pago.

Desarrollo
En Internet, podemos encontrar muchos contenidos gratuitos y a la vez, tener acceso a ellos de una manera muy fácil: muchas veces, no hay necesidad de estar registrado (contar con usuario y contraseña) para acceder a estos contenidos. Con el tiempo, parece haberse creado una verdadera cultura y sociedad de la información, que a su vez, parece imparable.

Existe, sin embargo, un amplio debate acerca de la gratuidad en Internet. La actual y dominante cultura sobre la propiedad intelectual da lugar a que se generen pleitos diariamente, por la música, que ahora puede ser descargada fácilmente y en paquetes completos de discografías, por películas que pueden ser vistas en páginas que permiten la reproducción de videos, pese a la existencia de restricciones.

Uno de los frentes del debate concierne a los buscadores de Internet, por poner a disposición al público, de forma gratuita, una gran variedad de páginas web, entre ellas, noticias y artículos de medios de comunicación. El argumento a favor de dicho servicio consiste en que los buscadores no plagian nada, sino que simplemente muestran a los usuarios lo que ya existe en Internet y ayudan, además, a que las páginas tengan más visitas. Sin embargo, para contrarrestar o limitar este acceso libre y gratuito y recompensar así el trabajo de los creadores de contenidos, algunos periódicos han optado en su edición web por un formato cerrado o semicerrado de pago por contenidos. Por motivos similares, se aprobó una ley en Alemania por la que los buscadores tienen que pagar a los medios para mostrar sus resultados en las búsquedas.

Legalidad

Copyright tradicional
El copyright es una figura jurídica, que otorga al autor o creador de un trabajo de derechos legales para controlar la duplicación y presentación pública de su trabajo. En muchas jurisdicciones, esto está limitado por un período de tiempo después del cual la obra a continuación, introduzca el dominio público. Durante el período de tiempo del copyright  la obra del autor sólo se puede copiar, modificar, o ser públicamente mejorada, con el consentimiento del autor, o a menos que exista una razón justa . El control del copyright tradicional limita el uso de la obra del autor a aquellos que o bien pagan regalías al autor por el uso de su contenido, o limitar los privilegios y permisos de dicho uso. En segundo lugar, limita el uso de los contenidos cuya autoría no se puede encontrar. Por último, crea una barrera que se percibe entre los autores mediante la limitación de las obras derivadas, tales como mashups y el contenido de colaboración.

Dominio público
El dominio público viene a ser una gama de trabajo de creatividad cuyos derechos de autor expiraron o nunca se establecieron así como las ideas y los hechos que no son elegibles para los derechos de autor. Una obra de dominio público es una obra donde el autor ya no puede reclamar el control sobre su distribución y el uso de su obra ya que cualquier persona tiene acceso a poder utilizar o distribuir de uno  u otro modo el trabajo sin que tuviera algún tipo de consecuencia legal y puede ser publicados  bajo  una licencia  permisiva a través del copycenter.

Copyleft
Copyleft describe la práctica de utilizar la ley de derechos de autor para eliminar las restricciones a la distribución de copias y versiones modificadas de una obra.El objetivo del copyleft es que los no-autor utilicen el marco legal permitiéndoles volver a utilizar la información y en otros regímenes de licencia hasta poder modificar el contenido que es creado por un autor

Pero  a diferencia de las obras de dominio público, el autor mantiene los derechos de autor sobre el material, por eso el autor ha concedido una licencia no exclusiva para cualquier persona para que esta distribuya  y modifique  a menudo, el trabajo. Las Licencias Copyleft requieren que cualquier trabajo derivado se distribuyan bajo los mismos términos, y que estos mantengan los avisos de copyright originales. Un símbolo comúnmente asociado con copyleft es una inversión del símbolo de copyright.

Copyfree
Copyfree es un tipo de licencia permisiva . Aquí, podemos contrastar copyright y copyleft para eliminar las restricciones en las copias distribuidas y versiones modificadas de una obra que impone la concesión de licencias copyleft y copyright en sí. Las licencias copyleft generalmente requieren que todas las obras derivadas se distribuyan bajo los términos de la misma licencia, Mientras que las licencias copyfree generalmente sólo requieren que la obra original y las modificaciones directas de la misma sigan siendo distribuidas bajo los términos de la misma licencia. La iniciativa del Copyfree mantiene su definición estándar,que establece una especificación para calificar a una licencia para la certificación Iniciativa.
Un símbolo comúnmente asociado con copyfree política es una modificación del símbolo de copyright , reemplazando la C con una F mayúscula para producir el logo copyfree.

Uso
Hay proyectos que ofrecen contenidos gratuitos en varias áreas de interés, tales como el software, la literatura académica, la literatura en general, música, imágenes, video e  ingeniería .

La tecnología ha reducido el costo de la publicación y la reducción de las barreras de entrada lo suficiente como para permitir la producción de materiales de amplia difusión por parte de personas o grupos pequeños. Proyectos para proporcionar literatura libre y contenido multimedia se han convertido cada vez más importante debido a la facilidad de difusión de los materiales que se asocia con el desarrollo de la tecnología informática. Esta diseminación puede haber sido demasiado costosa antes de estos desarrollos tecnológicos

Software
El software libre, a menudo referido como software de código abierto, es una tecnología  para grandes empresas que utilizan software libre para proporcionar los servicios y la tecnología a los usuarios finales así como para los consumidores técnicos. La facilidad de difusión ha permitido mayor modularidad, esto  permite a los grupos más pequeños contribuir con los proyectos, así como la simplificación de la colaboración.

Los modelos de desarrollo de código han sido clasificados con un similar reconocimiento entre pares y ser colaboración de incentivos a beneficio de quienes están tipificados por los campos más clásicos como la investigación científica, con las estructuras sociales que resultan de este modelo de incentivos de crecientes costos de producción.

Academia
En el trabajo académico, trabajos libres son todavía un fenómeno debido a la dificultad y el costo de mantener un proceso de revisión completo. Los autores pueden ver la publicación de  acceso abierto como un método para expandir la audiencia que es capaz de acceder a su trabajo para permitir un mayor impacto de la publicación, o por razones ideológicas. Grupos tales como la Biblioteca Pública de la Ciencia Central puede proporcionar capacidad para su revisión y publicación de trabajos libres, aunque este tipo de publicaciones tienden a limitarse a campos como las ciencias de la vida.

Almacenamiento en la nube
Es un modelo de red de almacenamiento en línea donde los datos son almacenados en los espacios de almacenamiento virtualizados, que son generalmente organizados por terceros. Los Servidores, operan grandes centros de datos, y las personas que requieran este servicio, podrán ser usuarios de la capacidad de almacenamiento ofrecida.

Los usuarios pueden hacer uso de los servicios de almacenamiento en la nube, y pueden acceder a un mejor servicio, o probablemente sólo con mayores privilegios y capacidades, si se convierten en usuarios premium. También podemos encontrar aplicaciones o incluso hasta sistemas operativos alojados en la nube. Para acceder a la nube, es necesario contar con conexión a Internet.

Referencias

 https://web.archive.org/web/20160307165304/http://www.entreintermedios.com/2010/02/el-fin-de-la-gratuidad-en-internet/
 http://freecontentdefinition.org/Definition
 Stallman, Richard "Software libre y manuales libres"

Internet


Air India Delhi Customer Care Phone Numbers: Air India Delhi customer care service number or 24 hours helpline number of Air India Delhi is given below with the other important contact information of Air India Delhi like Air India Delhi customer care 1800 number, Air India Delhi toll free number 24 hours, Air India Delhi toll free customer care number 24×7, Air India Delhi complaints contact number, Air India Delhi contact customer care email address, etc.
Air India Delhi is a customer service facility and airport office of Air India Airlines that dedicated to provide air transportation services for everyone at cheapest rates. The airline operates flights from and to the Delhi Airport to various destinations. The primary aim of Air India Airlines is to deliver affordable, safe and reliable air travel services for customers from and to Delhi with a unique flying experience.
Customerservicenumbers.co.in is providing the details of Air India Delhi customer care number, phone number, 24 hours toll number or helpline number along with the lists of customer relations office address of Air India Ltd. You can easily get the customer care support from the Air India Ltd.


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Peter Conboy
Actor | Editorial Department | Producer
Known for Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2006-2007), Up All Night (1991), Rescue Me (2006-2009), Five Minarets in New York (2010)
Feb 22, 1962 (age 57) | 6' 2" (1.88m)
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Amanda Quaid


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Game Research and Education: Bridging the Virtual with Real World Application
Join Prof. Stefano Gualeni and Dr. Iro Voulgari in a Commonwealth of Learning and Commonwealth Centre for Connected Learning webinar where we will discuss the impact of games beyond entertainment and also how games can specifically be leveraged as tools for education.
The Potential of Games as Educational Tools
Research into games and education has increasingly shown enormous potential for games to be used as educational tools. While 'gamification' the application of competitive or strategic elements central to game design integrated into non-game contexts – is perhaps the most well-known educational tool, games offer a variety of distinguishing features that can support learning. Features such as interactivity, immersion in virtual worlds, shifting of point of view, and using storytelling and narrative are just some of the ways that games can be used to engage students beyond a simple reward system. In this session, join Prof. Stefano Gualeni, Associate Professor and Dr Ior Voulgari, Post-doctoral Fellow at the University of Malta to learn about and discuss the topic of "Game Research and Education." Participants will acquire a deeper understanding of the merits of using games to enhance learning, along with approaches to design and pedagogy that can enhance the learning experience, including the acquisition of competencies and retention, the latter of which is an increasingly important element as participation rates in online learning grow.
Watch the Webinar on Games and Education