Budget is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time in India's case it is of a year. It is the detailed implementation plan of the fiscal policy of the State in hard figures and facts and activities to be pursued for executing and implementing the same for socio-economic development of a country by the executive. It is defined as a series of goals with price tags attached. Where a line item is detailed and a price/cost is mentioned next to it.
1) As a tool of financial control of the legislature over the executive.
2) As a tool of administration for carrying out its functions as per specified and approved budget.
3) An instrument of Public Policy for development and welfare as well as economic and social growth and development.
4) As a tool of accountability for the legislature over the executive.
5) Budget helps getting five year plans into action.
1) Short term - annual - long term Budget : If a Budgetary proposal happens to be for less than a year then it is considered to be a short term budget. Proposal for a year is classified as an Annual Budget and proposals for more than a year are classified as long term budgets.
2) Surplus - Balanced - Deficit : A proposal is considered to be a surplus budget if revenues in a year exceed the expenditure of the same year. A balanced budget is that where both the sides are equal. And a deficit budget is one where the expenditures for the year exceed the revenue for that year.
3) Cash Budget - Revenue Budget : That form of budget where the proposals are based on cash that means in terms of actuals and not based on accruals (increasing or projected increase). It is in practice in India,U.K and USA. Under this type of budget there is a 'rule of lapse' which means that once the validity of the budget appropriation is over,all remaining or unutilised funds will lapse and a fresh proposal will have to be put forward to the legislation for receiving further grants. This kind of budget is considered suitable because it allows re-prioritization of activities of the executive and is a more comprehensive format.
Revenue budget refers to that form of budgeting where proposals are based on accruals and appropriation for their authorization are linked to the completion of the activities and not the validity or life cycle of the budget.
4) Lumpsum Budget: It is a proposal where expenditures are not provided heading wise rather an overall estimate is presented for the approval of the legislature. It is considered useful when funds are required to be appropriated for some unspecified or unclear activity/area which is in the process of determination.
5) Line - Item Budget: It is considered as one of the most popular format as it is simple in approach as well as in understanding. It is that technique of budgeting where every item has a dedicated separate line and column for its complete description along with its rate and the total quantity required as well as the funds required for it are clearly specified. It helps in more accountability of the executive as well.
The drawback of this technique is that it fails to link expenditure with performance after such expenditure as the focus is totally on the expenditure and all the detailing goes into that. It is not comprehensive in its outlook.
6) Performance Budget: A result of the First Hoover Commission in 1949 ( refer - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Commission ) it was first applied for federal budgeting in 1950 by President Truman. It is a technique under which allocation of funds are based on functional classification. It specifies the demands with the heading as well as the objective that demand wants to achieve. Thus the legislature has total control over the executive actions and knows what it is to expect at the end of the Budget life cycle and can evaluate it and hold them accountable. This type of budget shows a clear relation between inputs and outputs. It helps the legislature hold the executive accountable in a better manner,helps head of departments of administration as communication for activities is clear from top to bottom and they find it easier to direct subordinates and achieve the specified goals,it helps the auditor as well as he has a clear idea of each and every detail as mentioned above. This technique was first recommended by the Estimates Committee in 1956,however,it was introduced in Parliament for the first time in 1968-69 on recommendation of the first Administrative Reforms Commission.
i) Difficult to measure performance of various activities of govt./executive for it is quite vague and cannot be directly measured.
ii) Expenditure made by govt. under number of heads do not present themselves in the form of results that are objective enough to be directly measured.
iii) For various govt. activities,it is not easy to determine the unit cost of such activities.
iv) Not easy to establish links between development heads and accounting heads.
This system was first developed by General Motors in 1920's for managing financial matters and then implemented in the department of defense. Impressed by the results it was first introduced into political fray for Federal budgeting in 1966 by President Johnson of USA as a replacement for the shortcomings of the Performance Budget system.
It incorporates planning function where basic goals of the organisation are determined along with the selection of programmes that are best suitable to achieve them. Programming encompasses the scheduling and execution of those programmes efficiently through clearly defined projects.Budgeting then takes over to convert the goals,programmes and projects into monetary estimates for a review of the administrative heads and then to be presented to the legislature for appropriation. This technique thus seeks to incorporate all functions of Planning, Decision Making and Budgeting of government goals and objectives/policies.
i) Tries to incorporate different departments and agencies work together thus making the process cumbersome.
ii) Periodic reviews and evaluations needed to check its effectiveness along with good and clear coordination between different agencies like planning,bureaucracy,accounting/finance ministries and departments,etc.
iii) Analytical in nature and not practical.
iv) Socio economic objectives are difficult to follow in a calculated manner as a lot of variables come into play.
8) Zero Based Budgeting : This technique was developed at the Texas Instrument Company in USA by Peter Phyrr and adopted for the Federal Budget calculation in 1977 by President Carter.
It is an evaluation of all programmes and expenditures of every year requiring each manager/administrator/executive head to justify his entire budget request in detail.
Evaluation of operational activities are done in terms of costs and benefits. It is based on a comprehensive analysis of priorities,goals and objectives making it more realistic and practical. Targets are specified through efficient planning and control functions.It helps enable better communication and personnel development in organisations.
i) Effective administration and communication is necessary to implement this technique.
ii) Requires a lot of investment and updated infrastructure and properly trained personnel.
iii) Large data processing and making.
iv) Human biasedness in selection of decisions cannot be overlooked.


text:
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT North America
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Only with Volvo attachments and Volvo approved partners and suppliers will you get what you wanted when you bought your Volvo equipment – maximum productivity and uptime.
Sandvik Rock Processing Solutions offers the complete line of Rammer® hydraulic hammers and Ho-Pac® vibratory compactors. Pemberton, Inc. supplies grapples and other specialty attachments for wheel loaders and excavators.
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Volvo CE takes Big Step Towards A Carbon Neutral Future with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Test Lab
5/18/2021 By Press Information
The opening of the first dedicated Fuel Cell Test Lab in Volvo Group, marks a significant advancement in the manufacturer's ambition to be fossil-free by 2040.
Toni Hagelberg, Head of Sustainable Power at Volvo CE, in the new Fuel Cell Test Lab
As part of the company's commitment to the Science-Based Targets initiative – a necessary measure to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement – and the Group's long-term ambition to be 100% fossil-free by 2040, this pioneering investment will offer Volvo Group unique conditions to test and develop hydrogen fuel cell technology solutions in heavy construction machines and other applications.
The dedicated lab, located at the Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE) Technical Center in Eskilstuna, Sweden, represents a big step forward in the company's commitment to hydrogen. The lab is also the first facility in Volvo Group to be testing complete fuel cell units, and will as such be a strong contributor to the company's dedication to fuel cell technology.
Toni Hagelberg, Head of Sustainable Power at Volvo CE, says: "Fuel cell technology is a key enabler of sustainable solutions for heavier construction machines, and this investment provides us with another vital tool in our work to reach Science-Based Targets. The lab will also serve Volvo Group globally, as it's the first to offer this kind of advanced testing. It's a really exciting step to accelerate the development of fuel cell solutions towards our united vision for a carbon neutral society."
Fueling an emission-free world through hydrogen
Volvo CE sees hydrogen fuel cell technology as playing a key role within its overall electromobility ambitions, together with battery electric solutions, as demonstrated by the electric compact machines, and more sustainable internal combustion engine offerings – with all three streams working in alignment on the journey towards a carbon neutral society. While battery electric solutions are ideal for urban construction and other use cases, the size of the batteries is simply too impractical for larger machines and heavy construction equipment, which is where hydrogen comes in as a promising alternative.
"Hydrogen can be produced in many different ways and it's important to have a life-cycle approach across the entire value chain", says Hagelberg. "Not only will the research and development carried out at the test lab be dedicated to producing fossil-free construction solutions, we will also look at how the hydrogen itself has been produced, and strive for so called "green" hydrogen produced from renewable energy."
Hydrogen fuel cell development forms a key part of Volvo Group's overall electromobility ambition to be carbon neutral by 2040.
Simply put, fuel cells work by combining hydrogen with oxygen, with the resulting chemical reaction producing electricity. The process is completely emission-free, with the only by-product being water vapor. In principle, a fuel cell works much like a battery, except that it generates its own electricity from the hydrogen on-board rather than being charged from an external source. This means it can deliver longer driving ranges, and therefore is more feasible for long-haul transportation and heavier equipment.
An added benefit of hydrogen fuel cell solutions, is that they will also be free from the traditional machinery noise pollution. Without a combustion engine, hydrogen powered machines will be comparable to the low noise levels of the electric compact machines.
The Fuel Cell Test Lab is a demonstration of the same dedication to hydrogen fuel cell technology, as the recent launch of cell centric, a joint venture by Volvo Group and Daimler Truck to accelerate the development, production and commercialization of fuel cell solutions within long-haul trucking and beyond. Both form a key part of the Group's overall ambition to be 100% fossil free by 2040.
Volvo CE takes big step towards a carbon neutral future with hydrogen Fuel Cell Test Lab (PDF, 444.7KB)
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ÅSA ALSTRÖM
Head of Strategic Communication
E-mail: asa.alstrom@volvo.com
Head of Brand, Marketing & Communications
Region Europe & International
Tel: + 46 16 5415906
Email: anne.bast@volvo.com
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
xorg/ Releases/ 7.1
X11R7.1 Release
This is no longer the current release. For information about the current release, please see Releases/latest.
About the X11R7.1 Release
Documentation for X11R7.1
X11R7.1 is the first roll-up release of the modularized X Window System source tree. It builds on the X11R7.0 release, which was the first completely modularized and autotooled release. What modularization means for developers is that they can work on individual components with less interference from unrelated changes, and users can acquire new features and bug fixes asynchronously from the main release stream. This makes it easier than ever for developers and users to participate in the growth and success of the X Window System.
Primary release site
Links: ChangesForX11R71 Development/Security ModuleVersions Releases X11R6970ReleasePlan XorgModuleABIVersions
Last edited Sun 15 Sep 2013 04:42:36 AM UTC


text:
Ore Dock to feature folk tunes from near and far
Jamie Glenn
Grit, grain and grooves meet when Brooklyn-based folk music duo Robinson & Rohe strum the strings alongside Marquette's own music group Rivulare at the Ore Dock Brewing Co. Thursday night, Sept. 7.
Rivulare will take the stage first at 8 p.m, with Robinson & Rohe to finish the night. The witty and upbeat duo will perform songs from their debut album
"Hunger." Admission is free, with accepted donations for the bands.
Bartender and entertainment floor manager Kris Wierenga has been a member of the Ore Dock crew for two years and helped bring Robinson & Rohe from Brooklyn, New York to Marquette.
"We're always excited to get to host artists from different areas, especially if they are traveling from as far as New York, and I always enjoy working with Rivulare. I think they are a really great act," Wierenga said. "[With] those opportunities to meet people from different parts of the country, we get to share stories, experiences and music with those people. I think it's just a wonderful experience."
The Ore Dock is excited to showcase the talents of Robinson & Rohe, given that the musicians have come from so far away to showcase some of their latest tunes and also because of what that far off locale entails.
"Brooklyn has a very eclectic mix of demographics, ethnicities and diversity. You have a lot more aspects of world music, and those sounds kind of come through in some of their music," Wierenga said.
The Ore Dock has harbored many acts over the years, but this evening is expected to be another good time with 906 natives Rivulare as opening act. Elsa Jensen is the front lady for the five-member band, he said, and they all found each other over the years through playing music.
Wierenga mentioned how the Ore Dock has helped local musicians spread their sounds.
"[Jensen] approached me to middleman the situation basically. So that's where our local music scene has a lot of outreach to other places and can help to bring in some acts," he explained.
Both Rivulare and Robinson & Rohe are ready to bring the house down with their earnestly honest folk, adding a little more variety to the Ore Dock's usual music nights.
"It's going to be a great, intimate environment," he said. "It's going to be great songwriting and storytelling. It will just be something a little different than what we normally do."


Much of the focus on our nation's presidential hopefuls and community leaders this election cycle has been on superficial characteristics such as age, gender and race. None of those simple descriptors, however, begins to address the extraordinary personal strengths necessary to lead our country and communities through the challenges of our day.
Our nation's challenges are great — a seemingly unendable war, an economic crisis that continues to grow, immigration strategies that have neither secured our borders nor found ways to meet our community needs, an environmental crisis that threatens the future of life on our planet, and a health care system that is neither affordable nor sustainable. The list goes on. But how can we pick someone to lead us in meeting those challenges when we know so little about how the candidates will make fundamental moral decisions?
Many of us rely on our faith for hope when personal and community challenges seem otherwise overwhelming. But our faith can also be a foundation and guidepost for the decisions we make at the polls. And that realization is at the heart of the growing Progressive Christian movement.
On April 11-13, Minnesota is hosting a national gathering on faith and politics, sponsored by the Plymouth Center for Progressive Christian Faith. Tough questions — such as, "How does our faith guide what our national policy should be on interrogation and torture?" — will be discussed with national leaders, theologians, policy experts, young leaders and lay citizens. The gathering, called "Voting Justice, Voting Hope," will feed minds and strengthen the connection between our faiths and the future of our nation.
Our country is an example of the strength that comes from democratic processes that are in alignment with spiritual faith. The success of our democracy ultimately relies on our selection of strong leaders who can maintain their moral compass through the complex maize of personal, national and international crises and challenges.
There have been many powerful countries through the ages that fell into ruin as their governments, leaders and people lost track of the beliefs and just processes that allowed them to initially succeed. I am hopeful that as Americans we have the fortitude to ask the tough questions of ourselves and our candidates — and that we have the strength to support a socially just culture that is driven less by our personal needs and more by the common good of our neighbors.
Lewis P. Zeidner is a founding director of the Plymouth Center for Progressive Christian Faith and an organizer of "Voting Justice, Voting Hope," which will take place April 11-13 in Minneapolis. Registration and information is available at the Plymouth Center website.


What you need to know about incentive program tax issues faced by your organization and your participants.
How cruise programs can ensure that your incentive will be nothing short of extraordinary!
Many organizations are turning to individual travel as an extremely effective way to recognize and reward achievement.


text:
class FixSubtotalOfSubtotals

  attr_accessor :references
  attr_accessor :count_replaced

  def initialize(references = nil)
    @references = references
    @count_replaced = 0
  end

  def map(ast)
    return ast unless ast.is_a?(Array)
    if ast[0] == :function && ast[1] == :SUBTOTAL
      count_before = @count_replaced
      new_arguments = ast[2..-1].map do |a|
        remove_subtotals_from(a)
      end
      new_arguments.compact!
      if @count_replaced > count_before
        ast.replace([:function, :SUBTOTAL].concat(new_arguments))
      end
    end
    ast.each do |a|
      map(a) if a.is_a?(Array)
    end
  end

  def is_subtotal?(ast)
    return false unless ast.is_a?(Array)
    return true if ast[0] == :function && ast[1] == :SUBTOTAL
    ast.each do |e|
      r = is_subtotal?(e) if e.is_a?(Array) # To limit the stack depth
      return true if r
    end
    return false
  end

  def is_or_refers_to_subtotal?(ast)
    return false unless ast.is_a?(Array)
    return is_subtotal?(ast) unless ast[0] == :sheet_reference

    raise ExcelToCodeException.new("Expecting cell") unless ast[2][0] == :cell
    reference_ast = references[[ast[1], ast[2][1]]]
    return false unless reference_ast

    is_subtotal?(reference_ast)
  end

  def remove_subtotals_from(ast)
    return ast unless ast.is_a?(Array)
    if ast.first == :array
      new_ast = ast.dup
      new_ast.delete_if do |element|
        if element == :array
          false
        else
          raise ExcelToCodeException("Expecting row") unless element.is_a?(Array) && element[0] == :row
          element[1..-1].any? { |cell| is_or_refers_to_subtotal?(cell) }
        end
      end
      return ast if new_ast.length == ast.length
      @count_replaced += 1
      return new_ast
    else
      if is_or_refers_to_subtotal?(ast)
        @count_replaced += 1
        return nil
      end
    end
    ast
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cotton News
Parkdale Mills
Open End
NCTO Launches Video Campaign Highlighting Heroic Healthcare Workers & U.S. PPE Supply Chain; Calls for Strategic Government Plan to Onshore Critical Medical Supplies
WASHINGTON—The National Council of Textile Organizations (NCTO), representing the full spectrum of U.S. textiles, from fiber through finished sewn products, released an illuminating video and social media campaign today detailing the heroic efforts of U.S. textile manufacturers to supply desperately needed medical personal protective equipment (PPE) at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The video features interviews with healthcare workers who confronted a once-in-a-generation health crisis and American textile and apparel executives, who came together to manufacture lifesaving PPE as the pandemic intensified and, once again in 2021, when President Biden issued a call to deliver 20 million American-made face masks for underserved communities in 60 days.
View the video and Call to Action.
NCTO President and CEO Kim Glas, said, "Our video, 'American Textiles: The Story of American-Made PPE,' underscores the need for urgent government support of a vital domestic PPE supply chain, while also shining a light on an agile manufacturing engine that grew out of the pandemic and is fully capable of supplying our nation's PPE. I want to sincerely thank all of our partners who participated in this film and commend the critical domestic textile supply chain that ramped up a thousand times over during the pandemic to respond to the crisis overnight.
These supply chains reconstituted overnight will be predominantly offshored if we don't get critical policy solutions over the finish line. There is a sense of urgency to this work and getting this down. Highlighting this important effort to key policy makers is part of our education campaign."
Davis Warlick, executive vice president, Parkdale Mills: "Parkdale is proud to be part of the domestic supply chain that provided 20 million reusable, American-made face masks to the administration for underserved communities, in addition to the effort that has produced more than a billion critical medical items since the pandemic began. This video captures an incredible American story of companies coming together to build a supply chain virtually from scratch to provide desperately needed PPE for our frontline workers and citizens. By procuring 100% American-made masks, the government put thousands of workers across the United States to work and further proved that the U.S. textile industry has the expertise, capacity, and capability to thrive when given the opportunity."
Gabrielle Ferrara, chief operating officer and owner of Ferrara Manufacturing: "This film vividly portrays the incredible resiliency of our industry to ramp up and produce critical PPE, delivering it quickly to those who need it the most. This is a story of American innovation and the dedication and teamwork of our manufacturing base and frontline workers, all of which demonstrated true heroism in the face of a once-in-a-generation health crisis. We greatly appreciate the administration's support of our workforce; the men and women at our facilities were tremendously dedicated in producing millions of masks, gowns, and other lifesaving items. We are also thankful for the strong support and partnership of Workers United/SEIU to help bolster this critical supply chain."
The National Council of Textile Organizations is asking the U.S. government to take bipartisan action to:
Re-shore vital production of PPE, critical medical supplies, and other items to the United States
Incentivize private sector purchases of American-made PPE
Require that U.S. taxpayer dollars be spent on U.S.-made PPE
Deploy existing government resources, such as the Defense Production Act, to spur investment in U.S. manufacturing jobs and PPE production
Extend Berry Amendment procurement rules to cover more federal agencies and products
Implement a strategic federal investment and production plan to revitalize U.S. manufacturing and the domestic public health industrial base
And support tariffs on PPE from China and strong trade enforcement
NCTO would like to acknowledge all of the companies involved in this critical supply chain and extend a special thanks to the SEIU/Workers United and their healthcare workers who participated. Please see a list of our partners who made this happen here.
DOWNLOAD RELEASE
NCTO is a Washington, DC-based trade association that represents domestic textile manufacturers.
U.S. employment in the textile supply chain was 530,000 in 2020.
The value of shipments for U.S. textiles and apparel was $64.4 billion in 2020.
U.S. exports of fiber, textiles and apparel were $25.4 billion in 2020.
Capital expenditures for textiles and apparel production totaled $2.38 billion in 2019, the last year for which data is available.
531 Cotton Blossom Circle
Leading the World in Yarn Manufacturing and Fiber Technology
Parkdale News
CiCLO®
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Home / effect / Global Warming Weather Effect - Fact or Fiction?
Global Warming Weather Effect - Fact or Fiction? - Hi, friend Climate and Weather Information, in this article entitled Global Warming Weather Effect - Fact or Fiction?, we have prepared this article well and concise to be easy to understand for you to read and can be taken inside information. hopefully the contents of the post Article effect, that we write this you can understand and useful. okay, happy reading.
What occurs inside the Arctic does now not reside inside the Arctic. What does this imply to you? Researchers state that Hurricane Harvey which clobbered the complete state of Texas, is the sort of severe storm that we are capable of see extra of in a warming world. Epic rainfall charges and growing sea surges have ended in catastrophic wreck inside the huge state of Texas.
You via no means can name a single trigger for killer storms. Extreme occasions all the time deliver a number of points collectively on the comparable time. There is lots of debate inside the medical network relating to local climate swap and severe weather. But notable to level out is the truth that attribution of severe climate on international warming is founded mostly on utilizing units to strive to recreate historical climate records.
A climate model, also identified as numerical climate prediction, is a complicated algorithm run via supercomputers to strive to predict destiny weather. Different units and assumptions provide unique answers. But many see attribution as a soar towards quantifying, for instance, the increased danger of severe rainfall occasions along, for example, the Gulf Coast ensuing from Arctic and otherwise international warming.
In unique words, local climate science will via no means be capable to predict climate with out errors, but via choosing the information related to our ever-crowded, polluted, windy and wet planet-it's as a lot as us to take motion and make the most of the information to take heed of its insights. Will those severe climate conditions worsen because the international local climate swap continues?
To what level does local climate swap have an effect on hurricanes?
Is it a bit or a lot? The level of have an effect on local climate swap has on hurricanes isn't settled. People naturally desire to recognise "why" or "how" did a catastrophic storm land of their neighborhood. And if possible, of us could desire to recognise if there could be something that they will do to decrease destiny probabilities of occurrence.
This debate isn't yet settled, but many outstanding researchers have theories, which they aren't hesitant to share with an inquisitive public. There is room for our wisdom to grow, and for new instruments like climate attribution to assist us take care of destiny risks. What could be finished inside the destiny to tackle destiny risks? How does renewable power effect the adverse outcomes of international warming?
Renewable energy-wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and biomass-provides titanic advantages for our climate, our health, and our economy. Human task is overloading our ambience with carbon dioxide and unique international warming emissions, which catch heat, regularly force up the planet's temperature, and create huge and dangerous affects on our health, our environment, and our climate.
Increasing the provide of renewable power could permit us to update carbon-intensive power sources and vastly scale back U.S. international warming emissions, which leads to-among many-negative outcomes on our environment, equivalent to severe weather.
Its hard to make a varied connection among killer hurricanes and international warming, but there could be a usual college of idea who theorize that there could be certainly a direct connection among previous killer hurricanes Sandy and Harvey and local climate change.
Charles H. Greune, a professor of earth and atmospheric sciences at Cornell University, said "What occurs inside the Arctic does now not reside inside the Arctic," he said in a statement on Wednesday. "Just like Superstorm Sandy, Arctic warming probably performed an principal position in making Hurricane Harvey such an severe killer storm."
Two storms that resembled one another's destructive path, Hurricanes Sandy and Harvey, equally lingered in a comparable way. Instead of veering out over the ocean as do most late-season hurricanes, those storms bee lined for majorly populated city components after which stalled, dumping trillions of gallons of water on the areas, ensuing in fine belongings wreck and lack of life.
Maddie Stone, who holds a Ph.D. in earth and environmental science, said local climate swap the two did or "probably" made Harvey worse.
We recognise that warming sea floor and air temperatures have an effect on storms and convey extra severe precipitation. Indeed, the heaviest downpours inside the area have turn out to be extra extreme.
Rapidly growing sea ranges - The first international warming thing that might make hurricanes extra risky is swiftly growing sea ranges inside the sea region's, for example, of Texas and New Jersey, making the components extra probably to flood.
Rising temperatures - The moment thing is the growing temperatures inside the area which outcomes in extra moisture inside the atmosphere, bringing extra rain to the regions.
Kevin Trenberth, a local climate scientist on the National Center for Atmospheric Research, thinks Harvey was "a bit extra intense, bigger, and longer lasting" than it could had been inside the absence of local climate change.
Many researchers agree that killer storms like Sandy and Harvey are the "new norm" as greenhouse gases boom sea levels, which results in upper surges, which then results in increased precipitation.
Hurricane Harvey and its remnants have quick turn out to be one among the worst herbal failures in US history. The unprecedented period and intensity of the storm has sparked a heated debate about how a lot local climate swap is to blame. The quick reply is that we do now not truly know, yet. But trying to reply that query will assist us to greater train for the future.
Thank You and Good article Global Warming Weather Effect - Fact or Fiction? this time, hopefully can benefit for you all. see you in other article postings.


text:
← BA grounds flights
Book meme →
The Guardian, Patsy and JonBenet Ramsey
One of my earliest posts in this LJ related to the murder of JonBenet Ramsey and the death of Patsy Ramsey. At the time The Guardian had published an obituary of Patsy Ramsey which, in my view, was laden with innuendo that Patsy Ramsey had been complicit in her daughter's death – the link to the obituary is in the original post. At the time I wrote to the reader's editor of the Guardian and entered a correspondence.
I am a solicitor and lecturer in law in Scotland and a regular reader of The Guardian.
From the Guardian I expect respect for certain fundamental positions, particularly that a person is innocent until proved guilty. I do not expect the newspaper to resort to the innuendo in relation to crime found in the red top press – where a nod and a wink can suggest the guilt of someone interviewed by police but never convicted. In the week following the latest developments in the Rachel Nickell murder case and the shocking treatment of Colin Stagg I would expect this to be in the minds of all journalists and editors.
It is a fundamental tenet of Scots and English law on defamation that one cannot defame the dead. Perhaps this tenet can explain the somewhat biased obituary of Patsy Ramsey in The Guardian on 27th June 2006 which through a series of innuendoes implies to me – as a reader – that Patsy Ramsey was guilty of the murder of her daughter JonBenet Ramsey. This obituary is, in my view, not a balanced piece of journalism and does discredit to your newspaper. To identify the innuendo I refer to: stress on the suspicion on the family; a reference to a "self-serving" biography (loaded terminology); the failure to rule out Mrs Ramsey from involvement in the ransom note in a handwriting analysis; references implying that the ransom letter was linked to the Ramseys; the hints (in the references to the "foreign faction now apparently forgotten") that the Ramseys wriggled to escape culpability; the references to her position in police interviews; and the final substantive paragraph drawn from the book by Steve Thomas which asks "Why would Patsy kill her beloved daughter?". I read these as a sustained attempt to besmirch the name of Patsy Ramsey, and infer her participation in the murder of her daughter, with little contrary information put before the reader. One passage stands out to me as a lawyer: "In March 2002, the detective and the Ramseys reached a secret settlement in a defamation case the couple brought against him." The use of the loaded word "secret" suggests that the Ramseys had something to hide ignoring the fact that virtually all legal settlements are secret and that it is common in legal cases for settlement to be reached. Without knowledge of the terms no inference can be drawn from the fact that there is a settlement.
Mrs Ramsey was never prosecuted for murder. She was never convicted. To imply that she was her daughter's murderer without any attempt at balance within the piece is not of the standard of journalism I would expect in the Guardian. That the police procedure and prosecution were subject to sustained criticism in the ITV and Channel 4 documentaries (one of which is referred to briefly in the obituary) and later by the local district attorney makes the lack of balance to a reader – in my view – inexcusable. In a defamation action in 2003 a district judge held that there was virtually no evidence that the Ramseys had killed their child, in 2002 the District Attorney (supporting earlier investigation by Lou Smits, a retired brought in to the investigation by the local police force) argued that the original investigation was flawed in not pursuing a theory that an intruder was involved (given various contemporaneous scene of crime photos that indicated the possible involvement of an intruder); a failure to investigate non-family DNA found on the clothes of the murdered girl.
The UK documentaries included one from Channel 4 in 1998; Real Crime: Who Killed the Pageant Queen? (from 2001); and Who Killed the Pageant Queen? Suspects (from 2004) and were based on Smits's investigation. I remember viewing these documentaries (hence my interest in the obituary) and remembering the persuasive nature of the evidence presented in the latter two in particular. While sympathetic to the plight of their family I did not draw to the Ramseys in their interviews within the programme. I found the Ramseys participation in child beauty pageants discussed in the programmes distasteful. However, such distaste does not in my view warrant an obituary of the nature published yesterday.
I would be very grateful if you could look into this matter.
The reply from The Guardian defended the obituary. I will not quote the reply in full as I am not sure of the copyright position. However, the reply said,
"The only reason Ms Ramsey's life was remembered on the page was the suspicion that has hung over her since the murder. She had no other claim on our attention. "
Also in their letter they suggested that the civil case I referred to in my original post had not been tested in a criminal court and suggested that evidence still pointed towards the Ramseys involvement in the crime although the case was not clear.
I replied,
Thank you for your reply. I note your observations.
As you rightly note I do not allege any factual inaccuracies. This was not my point. My understanding of the function of the Reader's Editor was (as stated in the terms of reference)
To seek to ensure the maintenance of high standards of accuracy, fairness, and balance in our reporting and writing.
I did not prejudge the case in my e-mail but simply stated that the case was more balanced than the obituary suggested and that as the piece was in my view not balanced (and consequently unfair to the Ramseys) that this was not of the quality I would expect from The Guardian.
I did not state that the article declared Mrs Ramsey's guilt, instead I noted that there was an implication, through innuendo (which of its nature is not an explicit statement but instead the impression given through the presentation of certain facts and the choice of language used in relation to the presentation of these facts), in the original obituary for the reasons I originally offered, and through the use of loaded language (eg "self-serving" and "secret settlement") and the lack of contrary observations, that Mrs Ramsey was responsible for the murder. I suggested that the contrary view was not given as much weight as it might have been particularly when:
(a) there was a court action in 2003 (which you correctly indicate was not a criminal court but which applied a balance of probabilities test (a far lower test than beyond reasonable doubt) to suggest that Mrs Ramsey was not guilty of murder. I am slightly confused by your comment regarding this action. I note that from a legal perspective it would be odd for a court applying a lower standard than a criminal court to make a declaration that Mrs Ramsey did not commit the crime and then a court applying a higher standard of proof declare that on the same evidence there was sufficient evidence for guilt. While a declaration of guilt on balance of probabilities would be challengeable in a criminal court (on the basis that the prosecutor may not satsify the higher standard of proof) the converse proposition seems demonstrably to be problematic. This well-reported court case was not referred to, although the "secret settlement" (a term which I find problematic) in the other defamation case was referred to in the obituary – to me this suggests lack of balance; and
(b) DNA evidence discovered by an investigator hired by the state that suggested that the Ramseys were not responsible for the crime.
The omission of this material which tended to support a view of Mrs Ramsey's innocence (eg the DNA evidence) when only that material that tended to support guilt (eg the bed-wetting theory) was referred to suggested to me as a reader with a little knowledge of the case a lack of balance. That the author of the obituary revised it when publishing the obituary elsewhere (see the final paragraphs in http://www.smh.com.au/news/obituaries/beauty-queen-suspected-of-murdering-her-daughter/2006/06/28/1151174264404.html ) suggests that there may have been some merit in my original suggestion of lack of balance. I note that the SMH version of the text appears to me more balanced simply through the deletion of the paragraph you refer to in your e-mail which asks Why Mrs Ramsey would want to kill her daughter? and the insertion of one paragraph about the DNA.
[I should note that in subsequent correspondence I was advised by the Guardian that the paragraphs I referred to in the Sydney Morning Herald obituary had not been written by the obituary writer but added at editorial level in Sydney as the article had been syndicated and that a new statement had been made by the DA office in Boulder. (This statement was made on the death of Patsy Ramsey a couple of days prior to the Guardian publication but I did not take this point with The Guardian)]
The Guardian replied with comments in relation to an Observer article which I referred to in my first post as to the balance of the evidence. The matter was left there with a suggestion that someone would be invited to contribute a letter responding to the first obituary.
This morning the news is that someone has been arrested for the murder of JonBenet Ramsey in Thailand. He will be extradited to the US and face trial before a jury. The Guardian report on this matter is ten lines long. Patsy Ramsey's obituary – which I was advised by The Guardian only appeared in the newspaper because of the suspicion linking her to the case – took up half a Berliner page.
EDITED 7.30 PM The Guardian now have a detailed report of the story on their website.
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We both loved the new movie. There's obviously plenty to keep the little ones entertained, but there and also a substantial amount of 'over their heads' jokes and references so that the adults don't get bored!
Make sure you take your family along when it's released!


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Scott Tobias
Katie Cassidy, Michelle Trachtenberg, Mary Elizabeth Winstead
If there's a silver lining to the current trend of ghastly horror remakes, it's that they call renewed attention to genre staples like The Texas Chain Saw Massacre and The Hills Have Eyes, movies that were once reviled, but have since found their place in the canon. Perhaps more than any remade title so far, Bob Clark's 1974 Black Christmas deserves the recognition, since much of the language of modern horror films—the first-person "killer cam," the "last woman standing" convention, the calls coming from inside the house—originated within its grisly confines. Not that that's apparent from the abysmal new Black Christmas, which seems to go out of its way to obliterate all the elements that made the original so special. Outside of the premise of a sorority house terrorized by a killer in the attic, the two movies have next to nothing in common.
Before the killing even commences, the first casualty is personality: Clark's Black Christmas had a clear leader in Margot Kidder, whose sarcastic imperiousness not only put her in charge of the house, but brushed away the threat to everyone's peril. In the new version, the girls are more or less differentiated by hair color, which helps disguise which ones are more likely to survive, but doesn't give the audience any stake in their survival. When a former resident of the house escapes from an asylum and comes home on Christmas Eve, the sorority babes barely have time to shower before the peeping, strangling, and skull-hammering begin in earnest.
To help pass the time, writer-director Glen Morgan adds an ugly heaping of gothic backstory, which explains away the killer's psychology through scenes of child abuse, murder, incest, and cannibalism. At one point, it introduces an inbred resident of the house, only to leave that tasty plot point hanging on the vine. One of the original film's clever innovations was that the women had no reason to leave the house; sure, there was a missing person or two, and they were being pelted with heavy-breathing phone calls, but the threat seemed to be coming from the outside. So every time a character unwittingly climbed the stairs, the audience squirmed in anticipation, which is one of the oldest hallmarks of suspense. Here, it's just another witless trip to the slaughterhouse.


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Redlight King
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Redlight King has been around for a while, their first major single gained a degree of notoriety due to the fact that they were the first band given permission by Neil Young to sample Young's 1972 song, "Old Man". Redlight Kings version is an incredibly catchy song that despite being released…
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The ICC: Three Remarkable Achievements
Posted on July 9, 2012	by Mark Kersten
(Photo: Robin Utrecht/EPA)
The ICC recently celebrated its tenth anniversary amidst heavy criticism of its international role and impact. Some of the criticism is valid, a lot of it misrepresents the mandate and role of the ICC. Regardless, in this context, after some time mulling over what the ICC has achieved in the first few years of its existence, I've come up with a list of three largely neglected achievements of the Court. I have a feeling they won't be to everyone's fancy, but while the ICC is very far from perfect, hopefully this post can highlight or bring to the fore a few issues which, in my mind, make the ICC – as an idea, institution and, above all, project – remarkable.
1. It Exists
It is all too easy to forget that it wasn't a given that, ten years after it was created, the ICC would actually still be around. I remember the Court's President Judge Sang-Hyun Song declaring that when he was sworn in, he and other judges did privately expressed their skepticism that the Court could survive the political climate of international relations.
There was every chance that states would rip this novel institution apart before it could get a hold on its place on the global stage. But the ICC managed to withstand political forces pulling it in a multitude of directions. Most dramatically, the Court survived the outright and active hostility from the world's most powerful nation. Throughout the ICC's formative years, the US creatively and consistently sought to undermine the prospects of the ICC being effective by pressing states into signing Bilateral Immunity Agreements and by passing the 'Hague Invasion Act'. Surviving such aggression and trucking on in the face of opponents like John Bolton is a pretty sweet feather in the ICC's cap.
Somewhat ironically, the demand that the ICC have an impact on [insert pet project here] and have [insert ICTY's caseload] number of cases concluded is a testament to just how far the Court has come. Today more typical demands courts can be made of the ICC in terms of conviction rates and international influence. It wasn't always the case. The Court's most consistent and vehement critics emphatically claim that the ICC needs to have more cases – whether outside Africa or in places it can't go, like Syria – yet it wasn't always clear that ICC judges would ever see any cases.
Importantly, I don't believe reminding observers that the Court's existence as a functioning international judicial institution wasn't a foregone conclusion is grasping at straws. It's a reminder. The Court, as a project, needs to be judged within the context, and against the record, of its lifespan, not in a cross-section of time, ten years on or whatever it may be.
An activist stands outside of the courtroom where former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak was being tried. Demands for justice and accountability (including from the ICC) swept the Arab world in the 'Arab Spring' (Photo: Amr Nabil / AP)
2. It Shapes People's Demands
Not only does the ICC exist – it appears to be at the vanguard of global and regional human rights and democracy movements. It is not just that demands for justice, human rights and accountability have been particularly pervasive in recent months and years – it's that these demands are coming from places few imagined they would. I don't think anyone could have predicted pre-2011 that protesters across the Middle East and North African would take to the streets demanding that their autocratic despots be sent to the The Hague. Yet that's exactly what's happened.
In a recent op-ed, Richard Dicker of Human Rights Watch observed that:
"Today the signs carried by Syrian protesters demanding "Assad to The Hague" are powerful testimony that the court is making its presence felt."
Similarly, Lydia Polgreen noted that:
"protesters in Yemen, Bahrain, Libya and Syria have demanded that their leaders be sent to The Hague for trial, testimony to the court's wide resonance."
Of course, this isn't to say that the provision of ICC justice is all hunky dory. Indeed, both Dicker's and Polgreen's pieces have the word "flawed" in them. Moreover, the political controversies enveloping the Court have been covered many times in posts at JiC. But still, it is impossible to deny the extent to which international criminal justice has shaped how oppressed citizens communicate their grievances and express their vision of how to do away with repressive governance.
(Cartoon: Dave Simonds / The Economist)
3. Talking about Justice
In my view, perhaps the greatest achievement of the ICC is that it has been instrumental in creating a global discussion on justice in the wake of massive human rights violations and atrocities. This is what has drawn so many, including myself, to the Court and its mission. In JiC's first-ever post, indeed, its first ever sentence, I quoted Karl Marx's insight that
"the criminal produces not only crimes, but also criminal law, and with this the professor who gives lectures on criminal law."
Extending this observation, the international criminal has also created a permanent international criminal court, this very blog and a global conversation about the limits and scope of justice.
Moreover, international relations today is, to a significant extent, about how to achieve justice, for whom and when. Increasingly, peacebuilding and conflict resolution processes are interwoven with those of post-atrocity justice. The permanency of the ICC appears to be making this process itself permanent.
This doesn't mean, of course, that international commitment to justice and accountability is always sincere. There are seemingly as many abuses of the term justice as there are examples of where it is achieved; as many injustices ignored as addressed.
Nevertheless, regions that have suffered under years of repression and violence are often now at the forefront of conversations about post-atrocity justice. Take, for example, the case of northern Uganda, whose citizens have an incredibly sophisticated knowledge of transitional justice, a knowledge that has not only shaped the region but the world's understanding of international and local justice. The people of northern Uganda engage in a sophisticated discourse about what justice is possible to achieve in transitional states and how transitional justice mechanisms fit – and don't fit – together.
Expectations Rising
Of course, just being in existence isn't enough. Neither is simply shaping the demands and grievances of oppressed peoples. The Court will be judged, to a large extent, on the expectations it has created for itself: that it would be universal, that it would be impartial, that it would not tether itself to power politics. One could argue it is none of those things. Not yet. But it's still early days.
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2 Responses to The ICC: Three Remarkable Achievements
good work, but i suggest he starts by making those process in syria…………
Pingback: The ICC's credibility is at stake with trials most Kenyans no longer support


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Bean on a Bike
Adventures in Arabica
But first, coffee
My mind is muddy and I yearn for the caffeine to cross the blood brain barrier. The first sip starts with an invigorating smell as the veil begins to lift. Quietly, I long for this black devilish brew to work its magic. As if waking from a deep sleep, the imprint of a long-forgotten dream lingers like a wing-clipped butterfly waiting to escape its ghostly cage. The door creaks open and the memories take flight, scattering amongst the fuzzy nostalgia of a collapsing world gone by. The only world we were told we could save. And as my heartbeat quickens and my mind focuses, I dust myself off to emerge blinking…
Antony Watson 0 Comments
The future of coffee is in our hands
Let's get straight to the point: Coffee is in crisis. This may sound alarmist especially when the world's largest producer of coffee, Brazil, has recently announced a bumper crop that has defied all expectations. So surely this should be cause for cheer? Well, yes and no. The good news is that Brazil has just recently reported a bountiful coffee harvest with a record 60.2m bags, up nearly a fifth from the year before. If we combine this achievement with improved processing methods and introduction of more disease resistant varieties, the increase in production now confidently puts global stocks back into surplus for the crop year 2018/19; even against a backdrop…
Roasting royalty looks to the future
Many family-run roasteries attach a proud sense of heritage and tradition to their brand, but it is rare that a family can lay claim to an invention that went on to change the coffee roasting world. Following in the footsteps of his father, Lutz Reinhart-van Gülpen is now the sixth generation to keep the flame burning when he took over the reign of his family-run business eight years-ago. The father-of-four and current business manager of Van Gülpen Kaffeerösterei, established in 1832, explains his connections to roasting royalty: "We had two founders, Carl Lambert van Gülpen and J.H. Lensing, who imported green coffee from Holland which was transported down the Rhine…
Demystifying the coffee value chain, The Bean
Amazon tribe protects rainforest through coffee and tech
Less than half-a-century ago, first contact from the outside world was established with the indigenous Surui people of the Amazon rainforest. Ever since that fateful moment, the community has been facing an existential crisis as tree logging and mining companies seek to exploit their ancestral lands. Almir was just ten years-old when the loggers first arrived, but his fight to protect his people's culture and territory has become a lifelong struggle for survival. At the age of 17, Almir Narayamoga Suruí was the first person from his tribe to attend college when he inherited the title of Leader of the Suruí Paiter Indigenous People from his father. He grew…
Behind the curtain of the coffee supply chain is a herculean challenge that requires efficient logistics backed up by an accurate flow of information. From the time it leaves the farm gate to the moment it is brewed, the bean has more than likely spent months in transit crossing borders, clearing custom checks and even continents. Out of the estimated 159m bags (60kg) of Arabica and Robusta coffee that was produced last year, a large volume will have been transported large distances by land, sea – and occasionally by air – from the country of production to its final destination in your cup. Vollers, a family-owned business that has…
Hondouras' coffee producers bridge the digital divide
For a relatively small country, Honduras' reputation as a producer of high quality Arabica coffee is a big success story. It is estimated that more than a quarter of the Central American country's population – or approximately two million people – are engaged at some point in the seasonal coffee harvest between November and March each year. And since the turn of the late 20th century, production has steadily grown to the point that the country now ranks in the top ten of exporters of coffee globally. However, the Honduran coffee sector has also faced its fair share of setbacks and challenges. In 1998, Hurricane Mitch devastated 80% of the…
Switzerland goes bananas for sustainable trade
In the early 1970s, a group of forward-thinking women in Switzerland were brought together by a simple but far-reaching question. They wanted to know why bananas imported from the tropics were cheaper than apples grown in Europe. The question went to the heart of the exploitative trading practices of the banana trade and a movement was born. Led by social activist, Ursula Brunner, the Banana Women – as they came to be publicly known – continued to ask questions about unfair trade and how to address it. Their campaign grew to become the Working Group for a Fair Banana Trade – or Gebana for short. Today, Gebana has diversified into other foodstuffs but…
Demystifying the coffee value chain
One family's gift to the coffee world
Still recovering from a brutal civil war in the 1980's, the eventful story of coffee production in El Salvador stretches back to the early 19th century. It starts when Bourbon, a classic cultivar, was introduced to the Central American country in the early 1800s and first grown for domestic consumption. But the favourable climate, mountainous topography and volcanic-rich soils offered the perfect conditions and coffee production went on to become one the most important permanent cash crops for the countries' economy. Bound to the history of El Salvador's coffee production is the celebrated Pacas variety, a natural mutation of Bourbon that has established a reputation for being high yielding,…
Opening the black box for a sustainable coffee future
February 1, 2018 /
Supplying more than a third of the world's coffee production each year, developments in Brazil have the potential to affect coffee markets worldwide. And due to its sheer size as a coffee producing powerhouse, the country has earned – rightly or wrongly – a reputation for quantity over quality. But the reality on the ground is a different picture as producers respond to market pressures by setting their sights on specialty, rather than a race to the bottom. Henrique Dias Cambraia, the current generation of a century-old family tradition and Head of Fazenda Samambaia is one of the early pioneers of specialty coffee in Brazil. In 1999, he established San Coffee with a…
Reinventing the coffee menu for restaurateurs
The disconnect between the attention to detail in the kitchen and the coffee on the restaurant menu can be a bone of contention for many coffee professionals. After all, the disappointment of a bitter-tasting espresso rather than the sensory climax to conclude a gastronomic experience can be all too common. Considered by many in the hospitality industry as an afterthought, this disconnect is what drove Olga Sabristova of Die Kaffee Privatrösterei to make a difference. "For a lot of restaurateurs, coffee is still a stepchild. It is prepared without love or passion and where nobody attaches great importance", says Olga. Her fightback came after more than a decade's worth of experience…
Adventures in Arabica © 2021


Tyndall National Institute and Waterford Institute of Technology's Telecommunications Software & Systems Group (TSSG) have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) that will seek to draw down €82m of funding available through the EU's Horizon 2020 programme and create 10 spin outs.
The MoU will formalise a partnership between the two research institutions to create a full end-to-end offering in the IoT space. The MoU is targeting the creation of 10 new spin out companies based on IoT technologies that will span across multiple sectors.
Tyndall and TSSG are currently collaborating on several projects across the energy, agriculture, environment and health sectors to deliver a tangible connection for people between the physical and connected worlds.
"Our combined staff of 580 hardware and 120 software engineers, support staff and scientists, together with Tyndall and TSSG's world class infrastructure make this partnership uniquely qualified to deliver," said Dr Kieran Drain, CEO, Tyndall National Institute. "At Tyndall we passionately believe that Irish technology companies have the potential to lead on IoT and that it is our role to facilitate and accelerate their growth from product conception through to commercial reality.
According to Prof Willie Donnelly, director of TSSG, the partnership will place Ireland at the centre of the IoT conversation, positioning the country as a location of preference for the IoT industry.


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Home » Blog » Police Brutality: 2014 Northland Mall Death in the Spotlight After George Floyd's Death
Police Brutality: 2014 Northland Mall Death in the Spotlight After George Floyd's Death
In the wake of the tragic death of George Floyd, it should come as no surprise that some questionable cases between civilians and police are being revisited. Recent news has reported that the Michigan Attorney General's Office may receive a request to review an incident from 2014 in which a man from Ferndale died during an altercation with mall security guards.
The Similarities Between McKenzie Cochran and George Floyd
McKenzie Cochran's death has too many similarities to last month's death of George Floyd. The young man, age 25, died from position compression asphyxia on the floor of the Northland Shopping Mall in Southfield on January 28, 2014. An African-American man, Cochran had been asked to leave the mall after an employee reported that Cochran was acting suspiciously in and around a jewelry store.
Cochran ultimately struggled with mall security guards, was pepper sprayed, and then pinned to the floor. He could be heard gasping out the words, "I'm not resisting. I can't breathe."
Cochran's final words were almost identical to what Floyd uttered on May 25 when a Minneapolis police officer held his knee on Floyd's throat for over eight minutes, noted Gerald Thurswell, a Michigan attorney who represented Cochran's family in a civil case that settled out of court.
"George Floyd was almost word for word what happened here six years ago," says Thurswell. "Except no one was charged with anything here. I talked with his family and they are hurting, reliving his death over again. It's very hard on them."
Seeking Delayed Justice for Michigan Asphyxiation Case
According to Southfield police chief Elvin Barren, who has spoken with an attorney for the Cochran family, the Cochrans themselves – not their legal representation – would have to make a direct request to reopen the case. Upon having that conversation, Barren says, he would then be able to ask the state Attorney General's Office to review it for possible charges.
Shortly after Cochran's death, the Oakland County prosecutor said there was no crime committed because the security guards had no intention of killing Cochran and did not administer any chokeholds. The Oakland County Medical Examiner's Office had ruled that Cochran's death was an accident, a decision that Thurswell says hardly makes sense.
"If a drunk driver hits and kills someone, there is going to be some kind of charge – that is negligence," says Thurswell, who also cites the existence of a cell phone video showing Cochran pinned to the floor by three security guards.
"He could be heard saying he couldn't breathe and was dying and asked that someone call 911," says Thurswell. "One of the guards told him, 'If you can talk, you can breath.'" Southfield police were called to the incident but by the time they arrived Cochran was seated on the floor, handcuffed to a pillar, and he was dead, says Thurswell.
"They were security guards and not trained like police officers but they have many of the same powers," says Thurswell. "They acted improperly. They acted as judge, jury, and executioners."
Fighting Police Brutality Against People of Color
People are not satisfied with the outcome of the Cochran case, and there is heightened attention on police violence against people of color. If you or a loved one has been victimized by the police for any reason, you could have a case of police brutality. Contact the Michigan personal injury attorneys at Thurswell Law to get the compensation and justice you deserve. Schedule a consultation by calling (248) 354-2222 today. We do not charge any fees until we win.
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Temujin the Tiger is the Terror of the East. He's wrought a trail of devastation and fine dining across the Mongolian plains into China, right up to the gates of the Great Imperial Palace! Inside the GIP lives Princess Precious - as awful as her name suggests, with a great line in tantrums and a piercing scream. Watch what happens when two irresistible forces collide in this funny and fabulous new Chinese Calendar Tale, written especially for the Year of the Tiger!


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* Color cycling with single images and animations.
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Only one who cares - you.


Aside from the fracas over Islam, Benedict has actually once again shown himself to be a figure singularly uninterested in grabbing headlines. In face of a rebellious Catholic community in Germany, Benedict might have used the occasion to issue a stern call to order, but he did nothing of the sort. Neither did he engage in much public breast-beating over general European declines in faith and practice. Nor did Benedict follow the model of John Paul II by going personal, using the details of his own biography to underscore points or openly letting his emotions flow.
Please, go with your children to church and take part in the Sunday Eucharistic celebration! … Sunday becomes more beautiful, the whole week becomes more beautiful, when you go to Sunday Mass together. And please, pray together at home too: at meals and before going to bed. Prayer does not only bring us nearer to God but also nearer to one another.
As we have seen during his other public voyages, this is Benedict the pastor at work. For the most part, he avoids theological speculation or hard-hitting political commentary, striving instead to speak to the immediate spiritual needs of ordinary people.
I wrote in Poland that when Benedict travels he has an intended audience in mind, and it certainly isn't the press corps. The Italian daily Corriere della Sera tried to profile it statistically on Tuesday, using the results of a recent poll on religious practice in Italy . (In general terms, the findings have parallels pretty much everywhere in the West).
The survey found that more than 90 percent of Italians describe themselves as Catholic, while just 25 percent go to Mass on a weekly basis. Twenty percent never go at all, and the remainder are clumped somewhere in the middle.
These in-betweeners still think of themselves as Catholic, still recognize the church as a moral and spiritual point of reference, but to varying degrees have drifted away from regular practice of the faith. They have a Catholic background, according to the poll, but are moving in the direction of progressive secularization.
That broad middle people not instinctively hostile to the church, but not wild about it either represents, according to Corriere, Benedict's potential market. His strategy seems to be to speak in positive tones about the Christian message, avoiding giving headline writers occasions to fashion banners along the lines of, "Pope condemns x". He's also offering a back to basics message, focusing on scripture, the church fathers, the devotional life and the sacraments, proposing that they offer the best way to satisfy post-modernity's need for meaning.
His gambit seems to be that by not feeding "the beast" -- to use the language of Washington about giving the media juicy sound-bites -- he can do an end-run around the normal filters of the secular press, allowing the natural categories of the Christian faith to fashion the discussion. The question, of course, is whether anyone outside the 25 percent of Catholics who are basically already with the pope, and who probably constitute the bulk of the crowds who have turned out in Bavaria to see him, will actually hear it.
On that front, only time will tell.
One other point from the Regensburg lecture.
Benedict documented three stages in what he called the attempt at "dehellenization" of Christianity, meaning the effort to strip it of its Greco-Roman heritage and return it to a state of "pure faith," which could be re-expressed in different cultural forms in other parts of the world. The stages are the Reformation, the liberal theology of the 19th and 20th century, and the current push for "cultural pluralism."
The pope referred to the argument for "dehellenization" as "not only false," but "coarse and lacking in precision."
"True, there are elements in the evolution of the early Church which do not have to be integrated into all cultures," he said. "Nonetheless, the fundamental decisions made about the relationship between faith and the use of human reason are part of the faith itself; they are developments consonant with the nature of faith itself."
This is a point with potential importance for the issue of "inculturation," or calls for Christianity to be shaped by the local cultures in which it finds itself. The debate is usually most intense in the developing world, where some theologians suggest that Christianity's European modes of expressions should be set aside to allow a genuinely African, or Asian, or Latin American form of the faith to emerge.
In the past, Benedict has argued that the term "inculturation" is imprecise, because it suggests that a pure faith comes into contact with a historically conditioned culture. The better term, he has suggested, is "inter-culturation," because Christianity itself is a culture. Some aspects of its Greco-Roman and European inheritance, Benedict has said, cannot simply be cast aside.
The choice in favor of reason would, judging from the Regensburg address, be one example of what the pope has in mind.
What all this suggests is that Benedict will judge calls for liturgical adaptation, for example, or "African theology" with caution.


필터링없이 댓글다는게 아니라 제가 그 영상을보고 느낀점을 그대로 댓글단겁니다!!
I love that they ate themselves almost into a food coma, that when Bomi mentions Chorong unni was here at the end, Chorong cracks up and than we never see eunji's face.
Instant classic. Remember to like and subscribe.


Capcom, a leading worldwide developer and publisher of video games, today announced that Street Fighter IV has shipped to retail for the Xbox 360(R) video game and entertainment system from Microsoft and the PLAYSTATION3 computer entertainment system. The long-awaited Street Fighter IV is posed to redefine the fighting game genre with a return to the classic 2D Street Fighter fighting action mixed with new characters, high definition 3D visuals, and next-generation fluid gameplay.
Street Fighter IV features a mix of returning favorites such as Ryu, Ken, Chun-Li and Guile along with new characters created exclusively for this game such as Crimson Viper, Abel, El Fuerte, and Rufus. Characters and environments are rendered in high definition 3D, while the game is played in the classic Street Fighter 2D perspective with additional 3D camera flourishes. Six-button controls for the game return, with a host of new special moves and features integrated into the input system. Street Fighter IV also incorporates state of the art online match making and worldwide online gameplay. Mixing classic genre-defining game mechanics the franchise is known and loved for with all-new, never-before-seen gameplay systems, Street Fighter IV brings a brand new fighting game to fans the world over. With the inclusion of Capcom's latest advancements in new generation technology, Street Fighter IV promises to deliver an extraordinary experience that will re-introduce the world to the time-honored art of virtual martial arts.
For more information, visit http://www.streetfighter.com/. For the latest assets, sign up to receive the latest in Street Fighter IV screens, video and information. Street Fighter IV is rated by the ESRB as Teen and is available now on store shelves in North America for $59.99 for the Standard Edition and $79.99 for Collectors Edition.
gamers, including the original cast of Street Fighter(R) II.
Fuerte, mixed martial artist Abel and more!
the most seasoned Street Fighter pro.
versus mode, tournament mode, and world wide online gameplay.
Capcom is a leading worldwide developer, publisher and distributor of interactive entertainment for game consoles, PCs, handheld and wireless devices. Founded in 1983, the company has created hundreds of games, including best-selling franchises Resident Evil(R), Street Fighter(R), Mega Man(R) and Devil May Cry(R). Capcom maintains operations in the U.S., U.K., Germany, Tokyo, Hong Kong and Korea, with corporate headquarters located in Osaka, Japan. More information about Capcom can be found on the company web site, www.capcom.com.
Street Fighter is a registered trademark of Capcom U.S.A., Inc. Capcom, the Capcom logo, Resident Evil, Mega Man and Devil May Cry are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Capcom Co., Ltd., in the U.S. or other countries. "PlayStation", "PLAYSTATION" and "PS" Family logo are registered trademarks of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Microsoft, Xbox 360, and the Xbox logos are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies and are used under license from Microsoft. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.


This bimonthly forum serves as a platform for small business leaders to connect with peers, build their networks and deepen their understanding of issues facing Arizona companies. Joe Carella, Assistant Dean of UA's Eller College of Management, will focus on the challenges that small to mid-sized businesses experience when creating a strategic plan. Learn how to manage the natural tension between balancing your current tactical opportunities and driving your long-term strategic growth.
Program: 8 - 9 a.m.


Next up in wearable tech: a device that turns your thumb into a miniature wireless trackpad.
MIT researchers are developing a device that could have a host of benefits for users juggling smart phones and regular life. Users could answer the phone while cooking, control their cell phones even when they hands are full or discreetly send a text, according to a press release.
But the researchers aren't forgetting about style, either. Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao, a graduate student in media arts and sciences and lead author on a new paper on the device, said the thumb track pad was inspired by colorful nail decals. To that end, it will come with detachable covers in different colors so users can match their pad with their outfits.
Researchers will present the prototype this weekend in as a conference in Seoul, but it's unclear when, and if–, it will be available for retailers.


text:
package maze;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Implements a randomized version of Kruskal's algorithm. It is essentially
 * Kruskal's algorithm with random edge weights so its result is a minimum
 * spanning tree for an equally weighted graph.
 */
public class RandomizedKruskals extends Maze implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 612546716632291472L;

    private final Random rnd;

    /**
     * Sets the dimensions of the maze.
     *
     * @param width  the width of the maze
     * @param height the height of the maze
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if width or height is not positive
     */
    public RandomizedKruskals(int width, int height) {
        super(width, height);
        rnd = new Random();
    }

    @Override
    public void generate() {
        fill();
        randomizedKruskals();
    }

    private void randomizedKruskals() {
        /* Creates a list of all edges. */
        int[] edges = getEdges();

        /* Randomizes the order of the edge list. */
        shuffle(edges);

        /* Creates a disjoint set forest with a set for each node. */
        DisjointSetForest dsf = new DisjointSetForest(getWidth() * getHeight());

        /* Merges the nodes if they belong to different sets. */
        for (int e : edges) {
            Direction d = (e < 0) ? Direction.EAST : Direction.SOUTH;
            int u = e & 0x7fffffff;
            int v = u + d.dy * getWidth() + d.dx;
            if (dsf.union(u, v)) {
                removeWall(u % getWidth(), u / getWidth(), d);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of all the edges in the maze. The sign bit is used to
     * distinguish the horizontal edges from the vertical ones.
     */
    private int[] getEdges() {
        int nodes = getWidth() * getHeight();
        int[] edges = new int[2 * nodes - getWidth() - getHeight()];
        int index = 0;

        for (int y = 0; y < getHeight() - 1; ++y) {
            for (int x = 0; x < getWidth() - 1; ++x) {
                int mazeIndex = y * getWidth() + x;
                edges[index++] = mazeIndex;
                edges[index++] = mazeIndex | 0x80000000;
            }
        }

        for (int y = 1; y < getHeight(); ++y) {
            edges[index++] = y * getWidth() - 1;
        }

        for (int x = nodes - getWidth(); x < nodes - 1; ++x) {
            edges[index++] = x | 0x80000000;
        }

        return edges;
    }

    /** Randomly permutes the elements in an array. */
    private void shuffle(int[] array) {
        for (int i = array.length - 1; i >= 1; --i) {
            int j = rnd.nextInt(i + 1);
            int tmp = array[j];
            array[j] = array[i];
            array[i] = tmp;
        }
    }

    /** Allows for efficient union/find operations. */
    private static class DisjointSetForest {
        int[] a;

        DisjointSetForest(int n) {
            a = new int[n];
            Arrays.fill(a, -1);
        }

        int find(int x) {
            int root = x;
            int current = a[x];
            while (current >= 0) {
                root = current;
                current = a[current];
            }
            current = x;
            while (current != root) {
                int old = current;
                current = a[current];
                a[old] = root;
            }
            return root;
        }

        boolean union(int x, int y) {
            int rootX = find(x);
            int rootY = find(y);
            if (rootX == rootY) {
                return false;
            }
            int rankX = a[rootX];
            int rankY = a[rootY];
            if (rankX > rankY) {
                a[rootX] = rootY;
            } else {
                if (rankX == rankY) {
                    --a[rootX];
                }
                a[rootY] = rootX;
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
}


indeed, yes we do, and they are 100% electric and depart every 20 minutes!
Hello we are a family of 3 persons and planning to visit icon Hotel in October. Does the hotel offer an extra bed for a child ( 15 years) sleeping in one room with the parents? Is the extra bed free of charge? Which room would you recommend for 3 persons?


text:
Michael Jackson Bleached Skin to 'Erase' Memory of Abusive Dad, Claims Doctor
Michael Jackson underwent a number of surgeries to look like a "northern athlete" reportedly to escape the constant reminders of Joe Jackson, who treated him badly because of his African American facial features, and to distance himself from his parentage
Indo-Asian News Service | August 30, 2016 11:18 IST (Los Angeles)
This image was posted on Facebook by Michael Jackson
MJ's father ill-treated him because of his African American features
Dr Murray says MJ even contemplated undergoing a brain operation
August 30 is Micheal Jackson's birth anniversary
Late pop icon Michael Jackson bleached his skin to erase the memory of his abusive father, according to the singer's physician doctor Conrad Murray, reports Female First.
Michael Jackson, who lightened his skin and underwent a number of surgeries to look like a "northern athlete", is believed to have undergone the transformations to try to escape the traumatic recollections of his childhood and the constant reminders of Joe Jackson, who treated him badly because of his African American facial features, and to distance himself from his parentage.
Talking about the reason behind Michael Jackson's cosmetic surgery, Dr Murray told BANG Showbiz: "In the book we talked about him running away from his memory. I used the word morphological changing and basically of course he was morphing himself, it doesn't matter that his skin was bleached or whether his structural face is good or whether his nose it like a northern athlete. That may have been a mixture of things. But many times when he on his own he had more because he was trying to erase his memory."
However, Michael Jackson couldn't escape his own thoughts and even contemplated undergoing a brain operation to be at peace with himself.
"But he could not erase his memory so that's when he talked to me about the brain operation," he added.
michael jackson conrad murray
michael jackson father
Maharashtra Cabinet Upholds Tax Waiver To 1996 Michael Jackson Show
Amitabh Bachchan Thinks He Was A 'Failure' At Replicating Michael Jackson
When Anupam Kher Was Almost 'Bodily Picked Up By Michael Jackson's Bodyguards'
Michael Jackson Had 'Predicted' Coronavirus-Like Pandemic: Ex Bodyguard
Tiger Shroff's Tribute To Michael Jackson
Tiger Shroff Copies Michael Jackson Step By Step
Tiger Shroff to Train With Michael Jackson's Choreographers
How Dishoom Stars Stopped Traffic With Indore's Dancing Cop


text:
India's GDP growth: New evidence for fresh beginnings
Methodological changes have led to overestimating GDP growth by 2.5 percentage points per year between 2011-12 and 2016-17. Actual growth is around 4.5 per cent.
Written by Arvind Subramanian | Updated: June 12, 2019 10:47:57 am
Growth estimates matter not just for reputational reasons but critically for internal policy-making. (Illustration by C R Sasikumar)
The promise of democracy is the periodic opportunity it creates for fresh beginnings. A government re-elected with such a resounding mandate should continue with the successful aspects of its economic policies. The most notable has been promoting economic inclusion via the public provision of essential private goods and services, including toilets, housing, power, cooking gas, bank accounts, emergency medical assistance, and now a basic income for all farmers.
But that mandate should also embolden change in other aspects, based on new evidence and fresh understanding. My new research suggests that post-global financial crisis, the heady narrative of a guns-blazing India — that statisticians led us to believe — may have to cede to a more realistic one of an economy growing solidly but not spectacularly.
My results indicate that methodological changes led to GDP growth being overstated by about 2.5 percentage points per year between 2011-12 and 2016-17, a period that spans both UPA and NDA governments. Official estimates place average annual growth for this period at about 7 per cent. Actual growth may have been about 4.5 per cent, with a 95 per cent confidence interval of 3.5 to 5.5 per cent.
A few important clarifications. Much of the recent commentary has portrayed these changes as political, since they were announced late in 2014 after the NDA-2 government came into power, and because there have been other, more recent GDP controversies, such as the back-casting exercise, and puzzling upward revisions for the most recent years. But the methodological changes, which did not originate from the politicians, must be distinguished from these recent controversies. The substantive work was done by technocrats, and largely under the UPA-2 government.
Figure 1. Correlation Between Annual Growth of Indicators and GDP, 2001-2011 and 2012-2017
Moreover, the effort was desirable, both to expand the data for GDP estimation and to move to a methodology more suited for a technologically advancing, dynamic economy. The non-politicised nature of the changes can be seen from the fact that the new estimates bumped up growth for 2013-14, the last year of the UPA-2 government.
The research paper provides a variety of evidence on mis-estimation, but here I discuss two strands. First, I compile 17 key indicators for the period 2001-02 to 2017-18 that are typically correlated with GDP growth: Electricity consumption, two-wheeler sales, commercial vehicle sales, tractor sales, airline passenger traffic, foreign tourist arrivals, railway freight traffic, index of industrial production (IIP), IIP (manufacturing), IIP (consumer goods), petroleum, cement, steel, overall real credit, real credit to industry, and exports and imports of goods and services. These indicators are also chosen because they are mostly produced independently of the CSO.
Second, I compare India with other countries. For a sample of 71 high and middle income countries, I estimate a relationship between a set of indicators and GDP growth for the pre and post-2011 periods. The indicators chosen (credit, exports, imports and electricity) are simple, reliable, and typically not produced by the agency that estimates GDP. This relationship is captured by the upward-sloping line in Figure 2. The line shows the growth predicted by the indicators (horizontal axis) and what is officially reported (vertical axis).
Figure 2. How Exceptional is India's GDP Growth in 2001-2011 and 2012-2016?
In the first period, the India data point (red) is bang on the line, indicating that it is a normal country: India's reported GDP growth is consistent with the cross-country relationship. However, in the second period the India data point (blue) is well above the line, implying that its GDP growth is much greater than what would be predicted by the cross-country relationship — by over 2.5 percentage points per year. This shifting pattern across the two periods — India being normal in the first, but an outlier in the second — is a robust result, not depending on samples, indicators, or estimation procedures.
Reproducing the detailed methodology underlying the GDP estimates is impossible for outside researchers, so it is difficult to trace the source of the problem. But we can locate one sector where the mis-measurement seems particularly severe, namely formal manufacturing. Before 2011, formal manufacturing value added from the national income accounts moved closely with IIP (Mfg.) and with manufacturing exports. But afterward the correlations turn strongly and bizarrely negative.
Further research, building on this paper will surely uncover further insights. Accordingly, I will soon make the data and codes underlying this paper public for further analysis.
What are the implications of these findings? Growth estimates matter not just for reputational reasons but critically for internal policy-making. The new evidence implies that both monetary and fiscal policies over the last years were overly tight from a cyclical perspective. For example, interest rates may have been too high, by as much as 150 basis points. The Indian policy automobile has been navigated with a faulty, possibly broken, speedometer.
In addition, inaccurate statistics on the economy's health dampen the impetus for reform. For example, had it been known that India's GDP growth was actually 4.5 per cent, the urgency to act on the banking system or on agricultural challenges may have been greater.
Most important, restoring growth must be the key policy objective. Policy discourse recently has focused on employment, agriculture and redistribution more broadly. The popular narrative has been one of "jobless growth", hinting at a disconnect between fundamental dynamism and key outcomes. In reality, weak job growth and acute financial sector stress may have simply stemmed from modest GDP growth. Going forward, there must be reform urgency stemming from the new knowledge that growth has been tepid, not torrid; And from recognising that growth of 4.5 per cent will make the government's laudable inclusion agenda difficult to sustain fiscally.
Another obvious implication is that GDP estimation in its entirety must be revisited by an independent task force, comprising both national and international experts, statisticians, macro-economists and policy users. Indeed, this revisiting may throw up exciting, new opportunities, such as using the large amounts of transactions-level GST data that is now being generated, to estimate — for the first time in India — expenditure-based estimates of GDP.
Finally, the question will arise as to my role on this issue while I was CEA. Throughout my tenure, my team and I grappled with conflicting economic data. We raised these doubts frequently within government, and publicly articulated these in a measured manner in government documents, especially the Economic Survey of July 2017. But the time and space afforded by being outside government were necessary to undertake months of very detailed research, including subjecting it to careful scrutiny and cross-checking by numerous colleagues, to generate robust evidence.
To this new evidence we must turn collectively and constructively.
ALSO READ | Ex-CEA cutting GDP growth 2 pc points: Govt defends its data
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text:
#include <aws/imagebuilder/model/ListDistributionConfigurationsResult.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/json/JsonSerializer.h>
#include <aws/core/AmazonWebServiceResult.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/StringUtils.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/UnreferencedParam.h>

#include <utility>

using namespace Aws::imagebuilder::Model;
using namespace Aws::Utils::Json;
using namespace Aws::Utils;
using namespace Aws;

ListDistributionConfigurationsResult::ListDistributionConfigurationsResult()
{
}

ListDistributionConfigurationsResult::ListDistributionConfigurationsResult(const Aws::AmazonWebServiceResult<JsonValue>& result)
{
  *this = result;
}

ListDistributionConfigurationsResult& ListDistributionConfigurationsResult::operator =(const Aws::AmazonWebServiceResult<JsonValue>& result)
{
  JsonView jsonValue = result.GetPayload().View();
  if(jsonValue.ValueExists("requestId"))
  {
    m_requestId = jsonValue.GetString("requestId");

  }

  if(jsonValue.ValueExists("distributionConfigurationSummaryList"))
  {
    Array<JsonView> distributionConfigurationSummaryListJsonList = jsonValue.GetArray("distributionConfigurationSummaryList");
    for(unsigned distributionConfigurationSummaryListIndex = 0; distributionConfigurationSummaryListIndex < distributionConfigurationSummaryListJsonList.GetLength(); ++distributionConfigurationSummaryListIndex)
    {
      m_distributionConfigurationSummaryList.push_back(distributionConfigurationSummaryListJsonList[distributionConfigurationSummaryListIndex].AsObject());
    }
  }

  if(jsonValue.ValueExists("nextToken"))
  {
    m_nextToken = jsonValue.GetString("nextToken");

  }

  return *this;
}


Somebunny special is hopping into town and wants to have breakfast with your family! Join us for a delicious pancake breakfast with sausage and all the trimmings. Children will get to visit with the Easter Bunny, enjoy an old-fashioned Easter egg hunt, and receive a special gift. Be sure to bring your camera!
General Admission is $11 per adult, $9 per child.
Members only pay $9 per adult and $7 per child.