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Population Change and Geographic Inequalities in the UK, 1971-2011
Lead Research Organisation: University of Liverpool
Department Name: Geography and Planning
The research will explore how the population of the UK is, or has been, geographically distributed. The project will bring a new and important perspective to debates about divisions, inequalities and the ways in which people in the UK live together or apart. It will address questions such as: are health inequalities between places greater now than in the past? What makes localities different - are they geographically distinguished more by housing tenure or health than they are by employment status or ethnicity? What areas have the greatest diversity of people and how has this changed between 1971 and 2011? To answer these questions, we will generate population surfaces from publicly available Census data for 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 to enable direct comparisons between Censuses. Counts of people in a variety of population sub-groups (e.g., by qualifications, age, etc) have been released from each Census for sets of small geographical areas (such as enumeration districts or output areas). This allows the mapping and analysis of geographical patterning in population groups across the UK for each Census. However, these small areas differ in size and shape between Censuses, so the 1971 small area boundaries, for example, are very different to those for 2011. This project will produce population surfaces for each Census year as a means of overcoming this problem. Population surfaces are estimates of counts of people for regular grids (with population estimates over, for example, 100m by 100m grid cells); these can be directly compared between Censuses. So, once these population surfaces are available we will be able to consider how localities have changed and in what ways. This new population surface resource will be made freely available so that users can explore these changes for themselves and also consider in more depth the results we produce. We will use this resource to provide the first systematic review of how the population of the UK has changed over the last 40 years. It will show how population groups in the UK are geographically distributed and it will assess, in detail, how far different localities (for example, within central Scotland) or regions (for example, south east England or north west England) are becoming more similar or more different to one another in terms of their population characteristics. The project will also consider how the relationships between population groups have changed across time. For example, with a consistent geography, it will be possible to assess which small area localities have very high rates of unemployment together with large proportions of social rented households, and how the characteristics of these localities changed between 1971 and 2011. We will also be able to identify which population characteristics most strongly distinguish particular areas. As an example, the population in some localities in north west England may be very similar in terms of levels of poor health, unemployment and housing tenure, but differ in terms of the number of single person households or the average number of dependent children. The project will explore these differences in detail and, for the first time, construct a detailed profile of the geographical distribution of individual population groups and the multiple characteristics of areas in combination. The population surface resource will be invaluable to any users interested in the population geography of the UK, while the results of our analysis of population distributions will enrich our understanding of the ways in which the population of the UK has changed over the last 40 years.
Planned Impact
Who will benefit from this research?
The project will make available a major resource to all users concerned with the population of the UK. Such users include the private and public sectors, academics, and members of the general public. The capacity to explore, through the provision of population surfaces for 1971-2011, local population changes across the UK, will be of direct benefit to commercial private sector organisations, policy makers, local and national government, charities and the wider public. The uses of the resource might include, for example, assessment of the impacts of policy on local-level deprivation, targeting of resources to people in local areas with long-term poor health, or simply members of the public wishing to know how their own neighbourhood has changed over the last 40 years. The analysis of population sub-group geographical distributions will provide a rich suite of results to all users who wish to know about the ways in which the population geography of the UK has changed since 1971.
How will they benefit from this research?
In allowing for local-level analyses, the population surfaces resource will facilitate detailed analyses of geographical inequalities and of the ways in which the population lives together or apart. Through innovative locally-based analyses of population change, it would be possible to increase the effectiveness of public services and policy by targeting, for example, areas of long-term deprivation, with a consequent impact on quality of life. Through the research results from this project, users from across the public and private sectors will gain an enhanced understanding of the geographical characteristics of population sub-groups in the UK, and how these characteristics have changed over the last 40 years. The combination of the population surface resource developed as a project output, along with the results from the analysis of population distributions, will provide a systematic and nuanced approach to understanding how local areas have changed in multiple complex ways, the particular problems areas face, and the allocation of resources to help alleviate these inequalities. These benefits could begin to be realised in the short term (within the project duration) and we will endeavour to make the resource and analysis results widely available through, for example, dissemination via local government networks. The impacts of the project will be geographically extensive, encompasing as it does the whole of the UK, and will reach users in a variety of sectors.
The research and professional skills developed by staff working on the project would be very widely applicable across diverse employment sectors associated with all possible user groups for the outputs from this project.
Feb 15 - Jul 16
ES/L014769/1
Christopher David Lloyd
Tools, technologies & methods
Cartography and GIS
Demography/Pop Geography
Social Stats., Comp. & Methods
University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Lead Research Organisation)
Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom (Collaboration, Project Partner)
Christopher David Lloyd (Principal Investigator)
Alex Singleton (Co-Investigator)
Gemma Catney (Co-Investigator)
Paul Williamson (Co-Investigator)
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Catney G (2020) Population Grids for Analysing Long-Term Change in Ethnic Diversity and Segregation. in Spatial demography
Dearden EK (2020) Exploring the histories of health and deprivation in Britain, 1971-2011. in Health & place
Dearden EK (2019) A spatial analysis of health status in Britain, 1991-2011. in Social science & medicine (1982)
Lloyd C (2022) Housing Space in England at the Neighbourhood-Level, 1971 to 2017 in Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy
Lloyd C (2017) Exploring the utility of grids for analysing long term population change in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
Lloyd C (2015) Are spatial inequalities growing? The scale of population concentrations in England and Wales in Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
Lloyd C (2015) Spatial scale and small area population statistics for England and Wales in International Journal of Geographical Information Science
Lloyd C (2021) Neighbourhood change, deprivation, and unemployment in Belfast in The Geographical Journal
Lloyd CD (2018) Deprivation Change in Britain. PopChange Briefing 2
Lloyd CD (2018) Housing Tenure Change in England. PopChange Briefing 3
Research Databases and Models
Software and Technical Products
Description The project has developed a new resource which enables users to map population change over small areas of Britain between 1971 and 2011. Users can visit the PopChange website and map differences in, for example, unemployment, house ownership or country or birth for 1km squares across Britain between any Census years from 1971 onwards (1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011). This is the first resource to allow for exploration of population change over small areas of Britain for a 40 year period. It was promoted via a seminar with the project partner (the Office for National Statistics), a workshop, and specialist mailing lists, and these have shown there to be a wide user base. The resource is already being used by researchers in local government and in academia. The project team is actively developing new collaborations which will apply the population grids. In addition, temporally-consistent outputs are being produced using standard geographical zones (in addition to zones). The construction of the population grids required development of new approaches for combining existing Census data for small areas (which differ between Censuses), and additional information including postcodes and landuse types. Approaches were tested using population grid data available for Northern Ireland; this allowed assessment of the likely accuracy of the grids generated for Britain. The selected approaches can be used by other researchers who wish to compare population data available for incomparable geographical areas. Analysis of the grid data produced is revealing the complex ways in which the population geography of Britain has changed over the last 40 years. In the first case study, changes in social deprivation were examined and the analyses have showed how deprivation has become more concentrated in urban areas, as well as identifying other areas with high and persistent deprivation. In addition, the analyses have highlighted how spatial inequalities (differences between neighbourhoods) in unemployment grew between 1971 and 1981, but have stayed relatively constant since. The impact of the 'right to buy' scheme has been shown by a decrease in 'unevenness' between small areas in terms of owner occupied and rented households - in short, the housing tenures in small areas became more mixed between 1971 and 2001, with little change between 2001 and 2011. Training in the use of the resource has been provided via a practical exercise available on the project website and a dedicated workshop run at the end of the project. The exercise allows non-expert users to work with the population grids via the project web resource and by downloading the grids and using free geographical information systems (GIS) software. Ongoing research is enhancing our understanding of population and housing change in Britain. Recent research has charted the decline of social rented housing in England and the growth of overcrowding in London and the south east of England. Recent research is charting local-level changes in deprivation in England.
Exploitation Route The potential range of uses of the PopChange resource are considerable. Any organisations or individuals interested in population change in Britain since 1971 will find the resource of value. Researchers and policy makers in national and local government, and NGOs and charities concerned with population change, poverty and deprivation, will find the resource invaluable for assessing long-term population trends over small areas and for assessing the impact of previous policies, as well as providing vital context for new policies. The resource covers multiple variables including age, health, employment, housing tenure, overcrowding, vehicle access, country of birth and ethnicity as well as composite measures of deprivation. Thus, it enables analysis of local changes in: population sub-groups, spatial inequalities, and the relationships between variables such as health and long-term social deprivation. Analyses of environment-population interactions are also possible using this new resource given that many environmental datasets are available in a gridded format. Research conducted using this resource is increasing our understanding of changes in multiple population characteristics and, as well as multiple users of the resource, the team anticipates that our own research findings will inspire new programmes of research as well as playing a major role in shaping policy locally and nationally within Britain.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Environment,Financial Services, and Management Consultancy,Healthcare,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Government, Democracy and Justice,Retail,Transport
URL https://www.qub.ac.uk/research-centres/GIS/Research/PopChange/
Description The PopChange web resource is being widely used by researchers in local government (over 50 representatives have registered), in NGOs and elsewhere. The resource has been used by individuals in the Office for National Statistics and National Records of Scotland as means of illustrating the benefits of gridded population resources as a part of discussions around future provision of gridded population datasets by UK national statistical agencies. The team continues to build connections with central government and other bodies. Press releases on some headline findings have resulted in extensive coverage in local and national media (e.g., The Sunday Times, The Times, INewspaper, The Scotsman, BBC London, BBC Radio London, BBC Radio Scotland). The team is developing several major outputs (academic, policy focused and public-facing) on population change in the UK. The PI is now based in Queen's University Belfast and a new web-based resource is hosted by QUB's Centre for GIS and Geomatics. A series of profiles of housing spaces (covering 1971-2017) have been released for all of the 324 local authorities (LAs) in England. These are being used by LAs to understand how housing spaces have changed in their areas and also by teachers who use them as examples of local-level population change for secondary school pupils.
First Year Of Impact 2016
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Environment,Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice,Other
Title PopChange population grids for Britain, 1971-2011
Description Population grids (1km by 1km) for 1971 to 2011 based on GB Census data. The grids are available for multiple population and housing characteristics.
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data
Year Produced 2018
Provided To Others? Yes
Impact The grids have been used by academics, local authorities and non-academic researchers interested in understanding small area population change in Britain.
URL https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/852498/
Description Office for National Statistics
Organisation Office for National Statistics
Sector Private
PI Contribution PI Lloyd has given a seminar on the PopChange project at the Office for National Statistics. He has also provided input to an ongoing initiative which is considering the possibility of developing population grids for the UK.
Collaborator Contribution The Office for National Statistics have provided expert guidance on data and they continue to support the project. The have also supported the project via attendance at both of the project workshops.
Impact The project has been shaped in consultation with the ONS and all outputs are informed by this collaboration.
Title PopChange interactive mapping resource and data
Description Using a wide range of variables extracted from the UK Censuses of 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, the website enables users to explore change in the population over small areas of Britain from 1971 to 2011. The data were converted to 1km grids which are consistent across all census years. Available variables include age, ethnicity, health, tenure, and deprivation, amongst others. Using this resource users can answer questions such as 'which neighbourhoods have seen the largest population declines over the last 40 years?', 'which areas have seen the greatest increases in diversity of people born outside of the UK?' or 'where have social deprivation levels remained persistently high?'. The resource also enables the download of the data so users can conduct analyses with their own software.
Type Of Technology Webtool/Application
Impact Currently representatives of over 50 local authorities have registered to use the resource, and it is being used widely to assess local-level population changes. In addition, multiple academics, teachers, and members of the general public have signed up to the resource.
URL https://popchange.liverpool.ac.uk/
Description British Society for Population Studies Conference
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The presentation (entitled 'Geographical Inequalities and Population Change in Britain, 1971-2011') promoted discussion about the analysis of population change over small areas and led to plans for future collaborative research.
Description ESRC Showcase of the Secondary Data Analysis Initiative (SDAI)
Results and Impact The event involved individuals from academia, national and local government departments and agencies, and charities. It promoted the ESRC's Secondary Data Analysis Initiative and, as a holder of an SDAI grant, I was invited to facilitate a discussion around the theme of identify and equality. This provided an opportunity to present work from the project as a means of prompting debate about how SDAI projects can be better used to address issues of policy. The event also provided an opportunity to promote the ESRC Consumer Data Research Centre.
Description End of project workshop launching the PopChange web resource
Results and Impact The PopChange interactive mapping project resource was introduced at a workshop at the University of Liverpool on Thursday 14th July. The event comprised two parts: (i) an outline of the contents of the resource and (ii) a structured introduction to the online resource and its use, followed by a guided exercise which will run through download of selected grid data for a local authority of choice followed by some basis analyses using the QGIS software package. The event was attended by individuals from academia, national and local government and NGOs.
URL https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/geography-and-planning/research/popchange/introduction/
Description Open Data Institute Seminar
Results and Impact Nick Bearman gave a seminar on the PopChange project on 18th November 2016.
Description PopChange workshop in London
Results and Impact The PopChange project, recent research, and the web resource was introduced at a workshop at the University of Liverpool's London Campus on Monday 13th February. The event included an introduction to the project, discussion around research opportunities, and two practical sessions introducing the web resource. The event was attended by individuals from academia, national and local government and NGOs. The PI's project on inequalities in South Africa was also used as an example.
URL http://www.clearmapping.co.uk/our-blog/item/473-popchange-workshop-at-university-of-liverpool-london...
Description Presentation (1/3) at the 8th International Conference on Population Geographies, Brisbane, Australia, 30 June-3 July 2015
Results and Impact The talk (by PI Lloyd') was titled 'Geographical Inequalities and Population Change in Britain, 1971-2011'. Questions were raised about the economic context for deprivation in each study year, the measurement of change between censuses and alternative measures of area deprivation.
The talk prompted a lot of interesting discussion including on the subject of alternative approaches to exploring change in social deprivation over small areas.
URL https://absoluteevents.eventsair.com/QuickEventWebsitePortal/icpg-2015/icpg2015
Results and Impact The talk (by CI Catney) was titled 'Exploring the Association Between Ethnic Concentration and Neighbourhood Deprivation in Britain: A Study of Small Areas Over Four Decades'. Questions were asked relating to diversity and policy in rural areas, and the positive message of dispersal from immigrant settlement areas.
The talk promoted positive discussion about the possibilties for exploring long term changes in the geographies of ethnicity and country of birth.
Results and Impact The presentation (by PI Lloyd) was titled 'Creating Population Surfaces for the Analysis of Small Area Change', audience discussion suggested that the approach was seen as novel and worthy of application in othe national contexts. Discussion followed on use on ancillary data (e.g., postcodes and landuse) to inform population surface generation and population projections.
There was interest expressed in using elements of the approaches outlined for population projections.
Description Presentation at 10th International Conference on Population Geographies
Results and Impact The International Conference on Population Geographies includes delegates from around the world. The paper introduced the area profiles and classifications developed as a part of the project. The findings and methods led to detailed discussion following the talk.
Description Presentation at International Conference of the Royal Statistical Society
Results and Impact The presentation focused on profiling population and housing change over neighbourhoods in Britain. The presentation prompted discussion around core technical issues including choice of clustering algorithms. The presentation lead to a request for an interview with the RSS media team and this was released as a RSS audio podcast.
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyfEj8lbiPk&feature=youtu.be
Description Press release leading to coverage in local and national media
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact A press release on population change in Britain led to articles in the Sunday Times (5th November 2017) and the INewspaper (31st October 2017), as well as a live interview on BBC Radio Leicester (plus syndicated to other local BBC Radio stations). The research was also mentioned on the BBC Breakfast show (BBC 1) (11th November 2017). In addition, the research was reported in the online versions of multiple other national and local newspapers including indy100 from The Independent (6th November 2017), The Evening Standard (7th November 2017), The Sun (7th November 2017), and The Mirror (8th November 2017).
URL https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/north-south-divide-edges-down-the-map-f32wpqd5d
Description Press release on deprivation
Results and Impact Press release on deprivation in Britain lead to widespread coverage in local and national media. This included newspapers (e.g., I Newspaper, The Daily record, The Scotsman, Scottish Daily Mail, and many others) and also a live interview on BBC Radio Scotland.
Description Press release on housing spaces analysis
Results and Impact Press releases followed by coverage in outlets including The Times, The Evening Standard, BBC London, and BBC Radio London.
URL https://www.qub.ac.uk/News/Allnews/HousingovercrowdinginpartsofLondonandSouthEastEnglandsoarsto40-ye...
Description Press release on housing tenure
Results and Impact A press release was followed by social media coverage and reports on news sites. However, coverage was limited compared to the two previous press releases (on population change and deprivation change).
Description Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Annual International Conference
Results and Impact Following the presentation (entitled 'Geographical Inequalities, Spatial Scale and Small Area Statistics for England and Wales'), there was discussion about how our methods could be used to explore population change in areas where no geographically-detailed population data are available.
URL http://conference.rgs.org/AC2015
Description Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Annual International Conference 2016
Results and Impact The paper focused on the future of GeoComputation and alternative data sources for understanding population change. This included discussion of the PopChange project and research on spatial and social inequalities in South Africa. As a result of the paper, interest was expressed in expanding the research to other national contexts, and to the Czech Republic in particular.
URL http://conference.rgs.org/AC2016/
Description Seminar, Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex
Results and Impact This was a research seminar given by CI Gemma Catney. The focus of the work was in change over time in country of birth and ethnic group. After the talk there was discussion around using the project outputs as a part of a collaborative project.
Description Seminar, The Bartlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London
Results and Impact This was a research seminar given by CI Gemma Catney. The focus of the work was in change over time in country of birth and ethnic group. Discussion following the talk covered the substantive findings and also technical issues around grid creation.
Description Talk at the launch of the University of Liverpool Centre for Spatial Demographics Research, 11-12 June 2015
Results and Impact The talk introduced the project (ES/L014769/1). Discussion followed on related research and on the nature of outputs which the project will generate.
The talk promoted both the project and the new 'Centre for Spatial Demographics Research' of which PI Lloyd is director. The launch event, of which the talk was part, highlighted the dynamic programme of research taking place in Liverpool. Following the talk, discussions with colleagues from other institutions led to plans for collaborative research making use of the population grids which are being derived as an output from the project.
URL https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/spatial-demographics/symposium/
Description UK Grids workshop
Results and Impact PI Lloyd presented a summary of the PopChange project as part of a workshop on the future of population grids in the UK in London on 3rd February 2017. The workshop was run by the Office for National Statistics and was attended by individuals from the ONS, National Records of Scotland, Central Statistics Office (Ireland) and other central government bodies. PI Lloyd was the sole academic representative at the event. The PI's project on inequalities in South Africa was also used as an example.


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Home / Central Data Catalog / MICRODATA_RG / IDN_1999_FSS_V01_M
Impact Evaluation of Farmer Field Schools 1991-1999
Indonesia, 1991 - 1999
IDN_1999_FSS_v01_M
https://doi.org/10.48529/fx65-dh15
Indonesian Center for Agro-Socioeconomic Research (CASER), Gershon Feder, Rinku Murgai and Jaime B. Quizon,
Development Research Microdata
Study website
Producers and sponsors
Metadata production
Survey ID Number
Indonesia IDN
Impact Evaluation Survey
The authors evaluate the impact of farmer field schools, an intensive participatory training program emphasizing integrated pest management. Their evaluation focuses on whether participation in the program has improved yields and reduced pesticide use among graduates and their neighbors who may have gained knowledge from graduates through informal communications. The authors use panel data covering the period 1991-99 in Indonesia. Their analysis, employing a modified "difference-in-differences" model, indicates that the program did not have significant effects on the performance of graduates and their neighbors. The authors discuss several plausible explanations for this outcome and suggest recommendations for improvements.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Household / Village
Dataset used for: Feder, Gershon, Rinku Murgai, and Jaime Quizon, "Sending Farmers Back to School - The Impact of Farmer Field Schools in Indonesia", World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Number 3022, May 2003.
This dataset is presented with the kind permission of the Center for Agricultural Socio-Economic Research (CASER), Bogor, Indonesia
Primary investigators
Indonesian Center for Agro-Socioeconomic Research (CASER), Gershon Feder, Rinku Murgai and Jaime B. Quizon
Dates of Data Collection
1991 1991 Baseline
1999 1999 Follow up
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
(The text below was extracted from Feder, Gershon, Rinku Murgai, and Jaime Quizon, "Sending Farmers Back to School - The Impact of Farmer Field Schools in Indonesia", World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Number 3022, May 2003)
The data come from a panel survey of Javanese households conducted by the Indonesian Center for Agro-Socioeconomic Research (CASER) in April/May 1991 and again in June 1999.
The baseline sample included randomly selected rice-growing villages that had already been covered by the program, as well as villages that were not yet covered by the program but were in areas where the program was planned to be implemented. All villages were visited in the repeat survey, but our analysis focuses only on those villages that had not yet been exposed to an FFS at the time of the baseline survey in 1991. Five of these villages had not yet been served with an FFS program even by the time of the 1999 survey, and the 52 households from these villages are thus a control group. Of the 268 households from villages where a field school had been implemented between 1991 and 1999, only 112 had actually participated in the training (whether administered by officials or by farmer-trainers) while the remaining 156 households had not attended a program, but had been potentially exposed to some of its effects through informal communications with graduates of the program.(*) Therefore, our data allow us to separately identify the effects of FFS on graduates and exposed farmers.
Another source of variation in program participation comes from the fact that field schools were first introduced in the sample villages at different times between the two surveys. Of the 21 program villages in the sample, 13 were first exposed to field schools within three years after the baseline survey (i.e., by April/May 1993). 5 villages were exposed the following year, and the remaining 3 were exposed after 1995/96. Therefore, our data also allow us to explicitly account for the length of pre- and post-program exposure for graduates and exposed farmers.
The 1991 survey collected information on households' farm operations and characteristics for the 1990/91 wet season and on their household attributes, activities and assets.
The 1999 resurvey covered the wet season 1998/99 and included most of the questions of the baseline effort. To the extent possible, interviewers avoided changing the language and format the original 1991 questions in order to preclude any bias that may arise when later comparing responses from both panels. The 1999 survey, however, collected additional data, such as when the household participated in FFS training, more information about the community, and some retrospective details, such as information on when the community was first exposed to FFS, details pertaining to the training attended by FFS participants and follow-up activities.
(*) In the empirical analysis, we do not differentiate between graduates trained by officials versus farmer-trainers because previous studies have shown that the quality of training provided by the two sources was similar (van de Fliert, Pontius, and Roling).
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Indonesian Center for Agro-Socioeconomic Research (CASER) et al.. Impact Evaluation of Farmer Field Schools (FFS) 1991-1999. Ref. IDN_1999_FSS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from www.microdata.worldbank.org on [date].
The findings, inteipretations, and conclusions expressed in this study are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the vimw of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.
DDI Document ID
DDI_IDN_1999_FSS_v01_M
Date of Metadata Production

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home — Essay Samples — World — Canada — The official language act in Canada
The official language act in Canada
Subcategory: Americas
Topic: Canada
Do you ever think that why Canada has two official languages? the Royal Commission on Bilingualism Commission recommended that Canada should be declared officially bilingual by making French and English the official languages of the federal Parliament and courts. on September 9, 1969, the Official Languages Act was passed. The Act declared: The English and French languages are the official languages of Canada. An Act Respecting the Status of Official Languages in Canada which gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. There were many things happened between the two official languages. Many peoples were felt that French Canadian were getting special treatment, some people questioned why so much money was spent on making French services.
English and French are the official languages of Canada and they take pleasure in the independent status and equal constitutional rights and freedoms as to their use in all the organizations of the Government of Canada. And from then all documents, reports, Speeches, and pamphlets issued to the public were now to be published in the French and English. This act made the federal offices offer services in both languages, therefore, English government workers were taught to speak and understand French. Public signs identifying federal offices are in both official languages Federal court decisions were published in both official languages as well, federal government services in both languages were to be available in parts of Canada where there was a large French-Canadian minority.
Many other actions included in the official language act such as Federal funds were made available to promote bilingualism, Services were extended for French-language radio and television outside Quebec, Rules were introduced requiring bilingual labels on products, more federal public service jobs were elected bilingual (Prior to the Act, only 14% of top government jobs were held by French Canadians even though French Canadian made up 25% of Canada's population). People have the right to use either French or English in Parliament. Assembly is required to provide simultaneous interpretation of its debates and other information, as well as translations of its official news.
There are new rules that offices and store must provide services in both official languages. To find out where you can get services from a federal institution in the official language of your choice. language educational rights for English-speaking children in the Quebec and French-speaking children in the rest of Canada. You have the right to communicate and get services from the head or central office of a federal institution in the official language of your choice. Other offices and service from federal organizations are also required to provide services in both languages. The number of French-Canadian in the Government of Canada's Public Service rose to 26% or about the percentage of French-Canadians in Canada. This Act made teaching the French language compulsory in English schools and gave parents the right to choose the language of instruction of their children, which caused great concern among part of the population.
GradesFixer. (2018, October, 22) The official language act in Canada. Retrived July 19, 2019, from https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-official-language-act-in-canada/
"The official language act in Canada." GradesFixer, 22 Oct. 2018, https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-official-language-act-in-canada/. Accessed 19 July 2019.
GradesFixer. 2018. The official language act in Canada., viewed 19 July 2019, <https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-official-language-act-in-canada/>
GradesFixer. The official language act in Canada. [Internet]. October 2018. [Accessed July 19, 2019]. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-official-language-act-in-canada/
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Basketball is one of the top five sports in the world, in terms of participation around the world, and in Australia. Unlike some other popular team sports, Basketball has been played by both male and female athletes at the highest levels for a number of years, with significant opportunities to play at junior and senior levels for all athletes.
Hobart Phoenix Basketball Association provides opportunities for athletes to play basketball from early ages, right through to senior competitions. As a Basketball Tasmania CAM, Hobart Phoenix Basketball Association participates in the Basketball Tasmania senior and junior competitions as well as providing opportunities to play basketball at a domestic level.
Even if playing basketball isn't necessarily your thing, Hobart Phoenix Basketball Association provides opportunities to participate and develop your skills in a variety of ways, including umpiring and bench officiating.
What to get involved? Contact Us or email: info@phoenixbasketball.com.au
This is a 3×3 competition that runs over October and November. Registration is currently closed and will re-open closer to the resumption of the competition.
Email basketballoperations@phoenixbasketball.com.au for further information.
Domestic Junior Summer League
This is a new domestic junior competition that runs over from 15th October to 10th December (8 roster games, plus 1 week of finals).
The competition is played on Thursday evenings at Warrane Stadium (10 Dampier Street, Warrane) and Hilliard Christian School (32 Cheviot Road, West Moonah).
Cost is $585 per team.
To register your team, click HERE.
Please email basketballoperations@phoenixbasketball.com.au for further information.
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Poltinino () is a rural locality (a village) in Pertsevskoye Rural Settlement, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2002.

Geography
Poltinino is located 18 km north of Gryazovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lupochino is the nearest rural locality.

References

Rural localities in Gryazovetsky District

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Happy Hump Day! We are finally starting to begin to warm up today, but you will probably still want to have that jacket this morning. We are still expecting temperatures to begin in the mid to upper 30s, along with some breezy conditions and high temperatures in the upper 60s. Tomorrow, we are anticipating on more windy conditions and warmer temperatures. In the morning, expect temperatures in the upper 40s and warming into upper 70s by tomorrow afternoon.
This warmer weather should be sticking around through the first half of the weekend. Friday's temperatures are looking to start in the mid 50s and reach back into the upper 70s once again. This is also the case for Saturday, with lows in the mid 50s and highs in the mid 70s. This starts to change on Sunday. Enjoy the warm weather while we have it. On Monday, we are starting to see those colder conditions come back.


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Invaluable common treasure of Vietnam and Laos
December 3, 2021 by en.qdnd.vn
It was also a shining milestone in the common revolutionary cause of the two neighboring countries of Vietnam and Laos.
Over the past 46 years, under the sound leadership of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, the Lao people have brought into play their glorious tradition, solidarity, overcome every difficulty and challenge, and gained great, comprehensive, and historically-significant achievements, creating a new face for the Lao People's Democratic Republic. As a result, the national sovereignty and territorial integrity have been maintained; the national defense and security have been guaranteed; the great national unity bloc have been strengthened; the national socio-economic development have seen positive changes; the people's material and spiritual life have been improved; and the national prestige and status has been raised in the international arena. These achievements are vivid testament to the right path of developing a socialist country, which has been chosen by the Party, State, and people of Laos.
The Party, State, and people of Vietnam are always proud of their faithful Lao friends who have shared the same ideal, stood side by side with the country during the national salvation and reunification cause in the past and in the current Fatherland building, development, and protection cause. This close-knit bond has been built with blood and flesh of generations of Vietnamese and Lao people, sailing through hardships and challenges, and becoming a great, inseparable friendship that is "deeper than the Red and Mekong rivers," "more stable than mountains and rivers," "brighter than the full moon, more fragrant than the most fragrant flower." The relationship between Vietnam and Laos has become the law of development, an important factor ensuring the existence and development of the two nations, and an invaluable property of the two nations.
The Vietnamese people are always deeply aware of the fact that each victory of Vietnam's revolution in the national salvation and reunification cause in the past and present national building, development, and protection is associated with the unity and wholehearted support of the Lao brothers. In any circumstances, the Party, State, and people of Vietnam are willing to do their best to preserve and fruitfully develop the great friendship, special solidarity, and comprehensive partnership with the Lao counterparts on the basis of promoting independence, self-reliance, equal and win-win cooperation for the sake of each country's prosperity, and for regional and international peace, stability, cooperation, and development.
As close friends, comrades, and brothers sharing the same ideal, the Party, State, and people of Vietnam join in the joy with the Party, State, and people of Laos in the celebration of the 46th anniversary of the Lao National Day and congratulate the Lao counterparts on their great, comprehensive, historically-significant achievements gained over the past 46 years.
We do believe that with the comprehensive renovation policy and under the leadership of the experienced Lao People's Revolutionary Party, the Lao people will surmount all difficulties and challenges, continue to obtain new and greater achievements in national building, defense and renewal process, successfully implementing the resolution adopted by the 11th National Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, successfully building the Lao country of peace, independence, democracy, unity, and prosperity to achieve the country's socialist goal.
Translated by Mai Huong
Vietnam longs for peace and friendship forever- General Nguyen Chi Vinh
Meet the Italian spicing up southern Vietnam's islands
Official hosts Buddhism delegations from China, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand
Top Vietnamese leader leaves Hanoi for visits to Laos, Cambodia
VPA ever-ready for missions, treasuring peace and cooperation: Deputy Minister
BUSINESS NEWS HEADLINES FEB. 1
BUSINESS NEWS HEADLINES JAN. 31
Vietnamese enjoy post-Tet
President Hồ Chí Minh's ideology sets direction the Party
On Lang Pagoda: Stomp out villains and smoothen your love life
Traditional Tet candies lose their sweetness to imported confectionery
Micro-finance as a tool to lift ethnic minorities out of poverty
The Rolling Stone Interview: Jim Morrison
Fresh calls for China to ban sale of exotic animals including snakes and bats for food after deadly coronavirus outbreak was linked to wildlife market
Cambodia Considers New Anti-'Fake News' Effort
Question time: my life as a quiz obsessive
Furor over CU's presidential pick highlights elected Board of Regents' partisan political divide
Coronavirus 'domestic outbreak' warning as China slams US travel ban
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Explore this visual guide to find ways to grab the best Prime Day 2018 deals, shop like a pro with five advanced tips, save even more with Amazon Prime Rewards, and check out last year's best selling items.
The deals are not as good as on Prime Day 2017, but are most probably the final Prime Day 2018 offers. Get first 3 months of Kindle Unlimited for $0.99. Get first 3 months of Audible membership for $4.95 a month.
There are two times during the year when subscribing to Prime will bring most benefits – before Prime Day and before Black Friday.
Buy the subscription as a gift if you want to give Prime benefits to a person who is not in the same household.
Can prices on Amazon's most popular devices go down even more? Take a look at deal prices offered so far.
The basic Kindle and Kindle Paperwhite are currently $30 off for students who are subscribed to Amazon Prime Student program.


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Home News Update Defending Tribunal Reform Act Centre stated: There is no reason to strike...
Defending Tribunal Reform Act Centre stated: There is no reason to strike down the Statute due to violation of basic structure
Aparna Mallik
The central government defended the constitutionality of the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021 (Act) before the Supreme Court, arguing that even if the basic structure concept is violated, it is not a basis for challenging the statute's validity.
The Centre has told the Supreme Court that a violation of the Constitution's fundamental structure principle can be used to invalidate a constitutional amendment but not a statute.
The Constitution's basic structure may only be used to determine the legitimacy of a constitutional amendment, but it has no bearing on the validity of a statute, according to the Centre's response. The Union of India's statement came in response to a slew of petitions filed by the Madras Bar Association, Jairam Ramesh, and others questioning the Act's validity. The petitions claimed that Section 3(1) of the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021, as well as Sections 3(7), 5 and 7(1), infringed Articles 14, 21 and 50 of the Constitution.
"It has been held in a series of cases, including by two Constitutional Bench decisions and by a 7-judge bench of this Hon'ble Court, that the Constitution's basic structure can only be used to test the validity of a Constitutional amendment but has no relevance when it comes to the validity of a statute," the Centre said in its response.
The Centre went on to say that judicial independence isn't a valid premise for putting statutes to the test. "If the judiciary's independence is recognised as the basis for any reason, a clause could not be written that declares its removal, which would appear to be contradictory on the surface. Furthermore, the independence of the judiciary is not a basis for evaluating statutes "the reply stated.
The petitioners claimed that Section 3 (1) of the Tribunal Reforms Act of 2021 is unconstitutional and violates Articles 14 and 50 of the Constitution. Concerns about Section 3(7) of the 2021 Act have been raised as well. The abovementioned clause requires the search-cum selection committee to suggest a panel of two names to the Central Government for appointment to tribunals.
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I am Ms. Aparna Mallik work to ensure social inclusion and justice, good governance, and citizen's right. I am currently pursuing B.A LL.B (hons) from KIIT School of Law, Bhubaneswar. I have a keen interest on in legal drafting and research writing and constitutional law. My motive is to work for the social benefits of people and ensuring legal Aid to underprivileged person. I prefer legal writing as it develops eloquence, enhances neuroplasticity, and confidence. It's a bridge to understanding other people as you convey a message. I hope to get opportunities to work on social cause and people's personal rights and contribute to the same.


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Padrón named Floridian of the Year
Florida Trend, which focuses on the issues, people and ideas that define the state's business climate, recently named Miami Dade College President Dr. Eduardo J. Padrón its first-ever "Floridian of the Year."
President Padrón appears on the cover of the magazine's January 2010 issue and is recognized for his significant contributions to Florida during the last year. Florida Trend credits him with helping to steer the nation toward economic recovery, elevating the status of community colleges and having the Obama administration's ear on higher-education access, affordability and quality.
The "Floridian of the Year" honor follows on the heels of Dr. Padrón's November recognition by TIME magazine, which named him one of the nation's "10 Best College Presidents."
"What distinguished Padrón in 2009 – and what makes him Florida Trend's 'Floridian of the Year' – was his influence," wrote Florida Trend senior writer Cynthia Barnett, who profiled Dr. Padrón for the January cover story.
Barnett also interviewed Will Holcombe, chancellor of Florida's College System, for her article. "In the past year, there has been a transformational change in the conversation about American community colleges," said Holcombe. "President Obama is part of it, and Eduardo is the best example of leaders who are having an impact."
Brian Fitzgerald, executive director, Business-Higher Education Forum, an organization of Fortune 500 CEOs and college and university presidents, concurs: "The nexus of education and business is crucial to the nation's competitiveness, and that is a space that Eduardo has really influenced. He has clearly influenced the Obama Administration."
Other notable newsmakers include philanthropist Lawrence E. Ruf, scientist Dr. William Hauswirth and star quarterback Tim Tebow.
— NT
TIME names MDC president one of top 10
Growing STEMs - $3 million grant supports students in sciences
Federal funds key to innovation
Mission-Driven Philanthropy
Carnegie/CASE Award goes to North Campus professor
MDC celebrates inauguration of new science complex
$1 Million helps MDC help students
MDC captures several Florida Campus Compact awards
MDC again named "Best Neighbor"
Chancellor΄s "Best Practices Award" goes to MDC
Organic produce comes to Wolfson
Student-athletes and coaches honored


Under the trade name ESTA, the ordinary shares of the Costa Rican company Establishment Labs Holdings were listed for sale on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange Thursday.
Establishment Labs is a global medical technology corporation focused on the development of breast implants and medical technologies for breast reconstruction. It was founded in 2004 and currently exports to 60 countries on five continents.
In his message of congratulations, President Carlos Alvarado said: "This is a major goal, not only for Establishment Labs, but for Costa Rica, because it reflects the maturity and high competitiveness of the national export sector and the industry in the country."
The minister of Foreign Trade, Dyalá Jiménez, also agreed with his assessment of the importance of the participation of a Costa Rican company in Nasdaq.
"As part of the main export sector of our country, Establishment Labs has become a true example of innovation and competitiveness. Today it shows that in Costa Rica we work with excellence, in favorable conditions of competitiveness and in a very favorable climate for investment. For the government of Costa Rica this means a great commitment to continue working on strengthening the conditions in education, services and infrastructure so that more companies like Establishment Labs can develop in the country. My most sincere congratulations for this achievement that fills us with pride and especially for reminding us of the great human talent that Costa Rica has. This is not only a historic milestone for the Establishment Labs company, but for Costa Rica, where once again we reaffirm the desire of this country to dream big," said Jiménez.
"Integrating into Nasdaq represents a significant milestone for Establishment Labs and our shareholders, as our business grows globally and advances with a clinical trial in the United States," said the company founder Juan José Chacón.
He added: "Today the strength of our people and the technologies that allow us to provide better safety and aesthetic results for our patients is reaffirmed. We started in a garage in Pavas less than 10 years ago and, of course, it is an honor to be the first company based in Costa Rica that is listed on one of the main stock exchanges in the United States. "
The price of the Costa Rican company ran between $24 and $27 a share during its first day in the stock market.
Nasdaq 's President Nelson Griggs said "Establishment Labs represents the kind of progressive growth company that symbolizes the spirit of Nasdaq working continuously to improve patient safety and aesthetic outcomes while simultaneously projecting to enter the U.S. market." He also predicted a successful future.
According to the Costa Rican Coalition for Company Development, Establishment Labs is part of the medical device sector in Costa Rica. Last year, the company was listed as the top exporter of goods in the country, with a total value of exports of $2.8 billion, $278 million more than in 2016.
According to data from the Costa Rican trade promotion office, Establishment Labs generates more than 300 direct jobs and exports to 60 countries in Europe, Asia and America. The institution highlighted this achievement is an example to follow, since the firm started as a small or medium enterprise, but its vision and strategy has allowed it to grow, consolidate and shine in international markets, observers said.
The main problem is the presence of a foreign fleet of tuna vessels that entered the protected areas of the Cocos Marine Conservation Area.
The presence of the vessels was confirmed in a study called: "Characterization and analysis of industrial fishing pressure in the ACMC and the adjacent Exclusive Economic Zone," published by the Amigos de la Isla del Coco Foundation.
The study details more than 130 incursions into the prohibited areas through the analysis of the Global Fishing Watch and SkyLight satellite monitoring systems.
Despite the magnitude of the illegal fishing, it could be much greater since the systems only report the boats that can be tracked by satellite.
"The current pressure puts Isla del Coco National Park and Marine Submarine Area in a critical situation: they become attractive in the face of scarcity, and there is no capacity for recovery at this rate," the study says.
In addition, foreign ships do not generate profits for the country's economy, compete unfairly with national fishing vessels and destroy the ecosystem, the study concludes.
"National fishermen can be the best allies in the conservation of our marine resource. Smart actions supported by technology and a better design of public policy will lead us to enhance their contribution," said Carlos Manuel Uribe, President of the foundation board.
The trajectory of the vessels and their operation profiles were analyzed to determine that the incursions were for fishing not recreation.
The pattern deciphered in the study indicates that these boats first sail on a steady course and speed until they reach a point where they lower their speed and remain that way for several hours.
which 16 percent are found only in Isla del Coco.
It is at that point where illegal fishing could be taking place.
The study indicates that the ships were from eight nations: Venezuela, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, the United States, Peru, Spain and Kiribati.
The study indicated that the Venezuelan fleet spent an average of 702 days in the area, Panamanian vessels 336 days and the Nicaraguan fleet 202 days.
The study was made over five years, from January 2012 to June 2017. The document was prepared in order to defend Coco Island, which is a Natural World Heritage Site, and where fishing could cause irreparable damage to biodiversity.
Thursday the transnational company, Walmart, announced the purchase of three supermarket chains: Perimercados, Súper Compro and Saretto.
The company selling this chain of supermarkets is Grupo Empresarial de Supermercados.
This billion-dollar transaction is awaiting the approval of the Commission for the Promotion of Competition and the Ministry of Economy.
"The cooperation between Walmart and Gessa is excellent to better serve the Costa Rican consumer. In this way, Walmart promotes its growth plans in the region," said Cristian Barrientos, vice president of Walmart in Central America.
Once the authorization is received from the authorities, Walmart said it would begin an integration process of the new 52 stores. The new stores have more than 1,300 employees who will also be incorporated into the Walmart team in Costa Rica.
Barrientos emphasized that both chains are original signatories of the Declaration of Good Commercial Practices of Costa Rica and actively encourage the retail industry in this market.
In the country, Walmart also owns the chains of supermarket Mas x Menos, Maxipalí and Palí.
Walmart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962. This year the international corporation is reporting $500.3 billion in revenue and total assets of $77.9 billion.
The increase in the Nicaragua crisis is already generating a migratory pressure in Costa Rica, said Vice President Epsy Campbell.
This increase in immigrants has been obvious at the Costa Rican borders and consulate offices. According to the vice president, the consulate is processing between 600 and 700 applications for new visas daily. In addition, an average of 150 Nicaraguans cross the border for the first time every day.
"This increase could generate a crisis in Costa Rica, but by the moment we are dealing with it," Campbell said after the government officials' meeting Thursday.
The vice president added that the government is already requesting support from international organizations such as the International Organization for Migration, the U. N. High Commissioner for Refugees, the Pan American Health Organization and the embassies other nations have here in Costa Rica.
The vice president also added that nearly $200,000 has already been received to deal with the issue of migrants seeking refuge. Currently, 60 refugees are staying in two shelters, one in the northern zone and the other in Golfito. These two hostels have a capacity for 2,000 people.
Campbell mentioned the positive support received for the government proposal which was made to the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States.
and more than 1800 injured.
This proposal condemns the violations of human rights in Nicaragua, demands the identification of those responsible for the violence and demands a halt to the Nicaraguan police attacks against the people.
Costa Rica's proposal had 21 votes in favor and only 3 against. those from Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Saint Vincent in the Grenadines Islands.
The government announced that it saved ₡6.2 billion colones from January 2017 to June 2018 due to a reduction in payments for so called luxury pensions to 401 persons.
According to the government, the maximum payment for luxury pensions is now ₡2.7 million per month, approximately $4,800 per month.
The only officials who still receive a larger amount on pensions are employees from the National Magisterium and the Judiciary Ministry.
However, people receiving those pensions must now pay a tax on payments that exceed a base amount. As an example, a person with a pension of 5 million colones per month must now pay a tax equivalent to 800,000 colones, about 34 percent of the amount over the base.
Not all the National Magisterium retirees have to pay the luxury pensions tax as there is still a group of 304 people who are exempted by a pension agreement.
President Carlos Alvarado reiterated the commitment to do everything possible to reduce the fiscal deficit.
He added, "in a fiscal situation like the one we are facing, it is not acceptable to defend pensions with such high amounts. We must all contribute to the solution."
There is still much to be done to eliminate abuse in luxury pensions, officials said.
An additional measure is to remove the special exemption enjoyed by 340 pensioners of the National Magisterium who cannot be charged the tax on luxury pensions.
According to calculations of the National Pensions Directorate, if that exemption could be removed, the government could save ¢ 1.8 billion a year.
"We are making an important effort to accelerate the process of reviewing and sending the files to which the exoneration elimination should be applied, so that we can generate more savings," said the minister of Labor and Social Security, Steven Núñez Rímola.
According to calculations of the National Pensions Directorate, the government could save ¢ 1.8 billion a year.
There are three law reforms to reduce government spending in the payment of luxury pensions.
- The law that limits the maximum amount of pensions.
- The law that prohibits increasing the pensions of ex-lawmakers, by 30 percent each year.
- The law that increased the retirement age in some organizations. In this case, some government employees can request pensions even if they are younger than the standard age of 65.
- The law that decreases the amount of pensions for employees of the Judiciary Ministry.
Sunday the Chepe Joven Festival begins. It is a free event for everyone and produced by the Municipality of San José in Paseo Colon. The festival will start at 9 a.m.
The most anticipated artist is the Puerto Rican resident of Miami, Robbie Rivera. The international house music idol is the leader of Juicy Music show.
There are almost 700 episodes of his weekly program The Juicy Show, where he specializes in progressive, tech and tribal house music.
The other artists who will be entertaining are: Monik Zdan, EIIRI, Eleazar Delve, FRIGID, Guonka, DR Leo, Robbie Rivera (USA), Patrick Pizzorni (USA), B and 2B Willy Monfret (USA).
This year, the concert will be dedicated to the memory of Diego Olivares Biglit, a young DJ who began his career inspired by Festival Chepe Joven and who died last year at 18 due to a disease called propionic acidemia.
His parents and friends have created the Diego Olivares Hernandez Association to help people who suffer from this disease and their families, so the event will serve as a platform to focus more attention on the disease.
More than 20,000 people are expected for the festival. As in previous editions, a security operation will be in place coordinated by municipality and other response institutions to provide attendees the opportunity to enjoy a show in a safe and controlled environment.
The security plan includes extensive preventive measures, control posts, and searches and alcoholic beverages will be banned.
More than 20,000 people are expected for the festival.
In total, 60 private security officers and approximately 120 municipal police officers are being hired to maintain in control of the activity from start to finish.
There are two entrances to the festival. One entrance door is between 32nd and 34th streets, on the so-called Paseo Colón. The second entrance door is on 36th Street, in the North sector of Paseo Colon Street.
The 2018 edition of the festival includes a rest area and food trucks with hot dogs, churros, artisanal pizza, French fries, Lebanese food, chicken, ice cream and coffee and other beverages.
The 13 percent of Americans would move abroad for a romantic relationship, more would do it for politics, including 38 percent of Democrats who'd leave because of the political climate. Was reported on OZY/SurveyMonkey nationwide poll.
I'm a lifelong Democrat, though I did vote for John McCain. I admired his service and appreciated that he picked a woman to be his running mate. I also voted for Mitt Romney, for which I have no excuse. Hillary Clinton was always my favorite candidate though, and I thought Barack Obama had stolen her nomination.
So Jim started putting together the necessary documents, some of which were ordered by mail or online, but others we'd have to get in Alabama, where we used to live: renewed passports, our marriage license, my birth certificate. None was cheap.
We put together all the paperwork we could, bought an RV and, in late July 2017, we packed up and headed for Canada via Alabama. We'd always wanted to see Eastern Canada and decided we'd better do it before Costa Rica. On Aug. 25 we learned our Texas home had been hit hard by Hurricane Harvey, so we cut our touring short and made the most of our trip back, not knowing what to expect once we reached Texas.
The story of Anne Frank, who wrote a diary about the horrors of hiding with her family during World War II, will be presented at the National Theater in co-production with the Israelite Zionist Center of Costa Rica.
The play is based on the internal struggles of the eight characters who have to live in a narrow room hidden behind a bookcase to escape from Nazi persecution.
They live in constant fear of discovery by Nazi soldiers who have the job of finding hidden Jews and sending them to concentration camps to be killed.
Their only goal is to remain hidden until the war is over.
Anne Frank is the narrator of their everyday life. The play shows her ability to describe the barbarism of the outside world, but also the richness and strength of her inner world full of the contradictions of adolescence.
Her intellectual sharpness allows her to see in herself two Annes, who constantly confront each other during her maturation process, while outside, the war advances relentlessly until it reaches them with all its cruelty.
The family was ultimately discovered and Anne Frank died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
Anne is play by two actresses Mar Jiménez and Adriana Álvarez.
and running through Aug. 5.


Abram's journey through the land of Canaan is a symbolic conquest of the land which part of the struggle between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent. The victory in this struggle is won by Jesus Christ by his life, death and resurrection.
The promise of offspring is the promise of a new community through whom God is going to bless the world. This promise is fulfilled in a special way through Jesus Christ who is The Seed of Abraham, but also through those who are united to Him by faith.
The promise of the land is very important in God's plan of salvation. It is fulfilled initially when Israel inherits the land of promise. It is further fulfilled in the salvation accomplished by Jesus Christ which is revealed as the inheritance of the spiritual seed of Abraham and finally fulfilled in the new heavens and the new earth.
In contrast to Lot who looked for worldly riches, God calls Abram to look to the promises.
Lot! What Are You Doing?
The way in which Moses describes Lot's choice makes it clear that he is warning us not to make similar choices.
By giving Lot the first choice in a situation of conflict Abram is an example of a peacemaker. In this he reflects the ultimate peacemaker, our Lord Jesus Christ.
In Egypt Abram was outside of the will of God, but God brought him back to the land of Canaan to the place of the altar where Abram once again called upon the name of the Lord.


I am driving to Calgary on July 17th, leaving around 2pm, or could leave early Monday morning on the 18th. Prefer a female traveler, non smoker who can share expenses. I travelled to NB in May and it cost us about $400 for gas.


Whether you choose fresh or frozen eggs, selecting a donor can be a difficult decision. You now have the ability to search our database for donors who have frozen eggs available for immediate use through our Frozen Egg Bank. Egg Donor America will assist you with any questions or concerns you have along the way.
Fertility Center - You will need to select a fertility center or clinic so that we know where to ship your eggs. We will work with your fertility center's embryology team to ensure that they have the necessary information and equipment to receive the eggs. We will also be in contact with your third party reproductive coordinator to ensure that you have the eggs prior to your scheduled embryo transfer cycle.
Donor Selection - If you know you want to use frozen eggs, you can filter your search by selecting the box for a frozen egg search. This will limit your search to donors who have eggs available for immediate use. We have a limited inventory of frozen eggs, so if you don't immediately see what you are looking for, contact one of our case managers. We add new donors every month and we are happy to contact you when new frozen donors are available. You can secure your donor by paying the $14,900 fee for a batch of 5-7 eggs. If more than one batch is available, you have the option of purchasing multiple batches.
Shipping - Once we have received your payment and necessary documents, we will begin coordinating shipping. We will ensure that your fertility clinic's lab has everything they need to receive the shipment of frozen eggs. We are proud to offer free shipping at this time to any fertility clinic of your choice in the United States.
Cycling - Your reproductive endocrinologist and third party reproductive coordinator will work with you to ensure that all appropriate screening and diagnostic testing has been completed prior to the start of your embryo transfer cycle. They will work with you (or your gestational carrier if applicable) to schedule an approximate embryo transfer date and will instruct you on which medications to take and when to schedule monitoring appointments to prepare your uterine lining for the transfer. Meanwhile, your clinic's embryology team will be coordinating the fertilization of the eggs and will culture the embryo(s) to prepare for your embryo transfer.
Pregnancy - Hopefully on the first embryo transfer!


Brazilian divebombs, bird whistles and a colossal perspiring teddy bear, Getintothis' Orla Foster signs Liverpool Sound City 2011 off with a bang.
The last night of Liverpool Sound City 2011 sees some of the biggest performances yet.
We're up at Mojo for Sarah McIntosh, aka The Good Natured, a youthful exponent of brooding electro-tinted pop.
I wonder at first if she'll be as frosty and withdrawn as the sounds she comes up with: slightly disenchanted-sounding keyboards overlaid with vocals to turn your heart to stone.
Which isn't to sound disparaging, as she fits in perfectly with the ongoing vogue for robot-laden female pop.
It becomes instantly clear that McIntosh won't be hiding behind a synthesiser tonight, as she catapults herself into a full on dance routine.
There's a lot of opening and shutting of palms, recalling Ellie Goulding in her video for Starry Eyed. However, unlike Ms Goulding, McIntosh doesn't look as though she's running perpetually late for a sociology lecture.
In fact, she's the picture of studied cool in a patterned tunic, her pout and wildly angular haircut exuding crystalline poise.
The gestures are slightly laboured at times, as though a recent graduate from the Academy of Poseur Arts, but she's beguiling enough for this to add an element of daring to her otherwise icy back catalogue.
The dancing extends far beyond the stage itself – she's clambering over equipment and lashing mic cables into the rapt eyes of onlookers.
Sometimes she's so deep in the crowd you haven't a hope of glimpsing her; she could have bombed it to the Pilgrim and left the tape running for all I know. Still, the exaggerated performance seems to transfix the crowd, who are wielding a plethora of cameras.
Just down the road, the Zanzibar are hosting something of a Moshi Moshi showcase. They certainly don't disappoint with recent Swedish signing Niki & The Dove, who starts off her performance blowing through a miniature bird whistle.
Having successfully grabbed the audience's attention, she proceeds to burst into a thundering yet whimsical performance, reminiscient of Kate Bush without being too derivative.
Much against my will, I seem to be turning this into a fashion blog, but it wouldn't do to overlook singer Malin's fantastically eccentric outfit: fringing draped from her arms, glitter all across her face, and a fox creeping from her t-shirt across her neckline.
The highlight is DJ Ease My Mind with all three band members pounding percussion with all their might.
Arriving at the Masque midway through the Marina Gasolina set is a disconcerting experience.
There are two men on the stage, one playing guitar, one playing bass, both perfectly placid but unremarkable. What is going on?
Then I hear a Brazilian voice squeal something about having a good time as she hurls herself over the barrier and onto the stage.
The former Bonde do Rolê singer later decides she's happier on the audience side, who couldn't be happier to be in the midst of her dizzying experimental tunes.
It's impossible to tell if the people she's pulling across a skipping rope are casual fans or lifelong friends, such is the mood of celebration generated by her giddy, hyperactive performance.
*Gossip alert* Marina is later overheard decrying that she has only heard 'party party' music since arriving in Liverpool. This complaint can hardly be remedied by the following act.
Philadelphia rapper Amanda Blank is an explosion of unbridled energy. Performing alongside Spank Rock, she divebombs the audience with a fierce, libidinous take on hip hop.
But fierce or not, she seems smiley and personable, signing an autograph midway through the set and failing to let a microphone setback stop her bouncing around the stage for an instant.
I round off the night watching Fucked Up's perspiring teddy bear Damian Abraham complete a hug trail of every last soul in the Kazimier. It's a long route, but a beautiful thing to behold, perfectly capturing the convivial spirit of the night.
Pictures courtesy of Michelle Roberts.


At Bennett's, we understand that purchasing a new or used boat is an important financial decision. For this reason, we have partnered with Epic Finance LLC, a firm that specializes on recreational products financing.
With Epic, our customers can rest assured that they will receive the best rates and the best service you have come to expect from Bennett's Boat & Ski.
To apply for financing, or to calculate payments please click on the links below.
To calculate payments, please click here.


X is for experiment, the process to verifying myths and technology that if proven would change perceptions.
Like you I have many years of institutionalised education that taught me to rely heavily on our brain to understand our world. We choose to use the information that we learnt from text books instead of gaining knowledge through experimentation.
Here are some of the topics that I had explored through my own experiments and research.


The capital invested in InsurTech startups and scale-ups reached $3.18 bn worldwide in 2018, almost double the $1.65 bn invested in 2017, according to data from the FinTech Global database.
InsurTech companies are clearly forcing the redesign of the insurance industry landscape by applying technology innovation to processes along the entire value chain.
Venture investors have recognized the scale of the opportunity being addressed and are allocating larger sums to invest in rapidly growing InsurTech solution providers. At the same time, incumbent insurance companies have joined the scramble to back companies that are developing and integrating new technologies in ways that could either threaten - or enhance - incumbent business models.
The result has been a dramatic growth in investments: over $8.5 billion was raised by InsurTech companies over the last five years, in 600 deals.
The actual number of deals completed last year dropped slightly from 142 in 2017 to 138 in 2018, as the average deal size increased.
An interval analysis of all InsurTech investments reveals a significant shift in deal size across the spectrum. Deals of ticket size less than $1m dropped from 41.6% share of the total number of deals in 2014 to 5.1% in 2018. Over the same period, deals between $10-25m increased from 11.3% to 28.2%, whilst deals above $25m doubled in share from 9.4% to 18.8%. At the top end, eight transactions were valued at over $100m last year.
North America has dominated investment activity in InsurTech over the last five years but last year saw the rest of the world claim more than half the global total for the first time. North American share of deals (by number) dropped from 58% in 2014 to 49.2% in 2018.
Investment in European InsurTech innovation increased steadily during this period, from 23.2% to 31.2%. Asia's share of deals remained relatively stable, varying between a high of 16% in 2015 and a low of 13.8% in 2018. Investment growth in Europe is being led by InsurTech hubs in Germany, UK and France, but InsurTech innovation is flourishing in other hotspots throughout the continent. Half of the ten largest InsurTech deals in 2018 were in companies based in Berlin.
As a group, venture capital firms are the most prolific investors in InsurTech companies. Of all the unique investor entities that participated in InsurTech deals in 2018, venture firms made up the largest category of investor type, a share of 57.7% of the total.
The next category of investors are financial institutions (primarily insurance companies), which account for 12.9% of investors. Non-financial corporates were also very active, making up 10% of the investor universe, as they look to back opportunities to utilize big data applications, AI and machine learning technology, without the obstacle of legacy IT systems. The insurance companies and non-financial corporates are, of course, larger investors in terms of capital per deal, and more prevalent in later-stage investments. (See FinTech Global database for details).
Venture investors are actively committing capital to InsurTechs that provide solutions to enhance the distribution process and extend the reach to customers. There is also substantial interest in companies that impact the pricing function or help to lower the costs of claims administration and policy distribution.
Meanwhile, major insurance companies are actively scouting for InsurTechs that can help to access currently unobtainable or uneconomic markets by providing entry to niches or by personalizing small ticket opportunities. These distribution-focused InsurTechs are most prevalent in the P&C, health and life segments. Other main areas for investment are InsurTechs that advance automation to reduce costs, or enhance the use of data for superior decision-making and insights.
Our discussions with venture capital investors and CXOs at insurance companies confirm a consensus that the industry is still very early in the digital transformation cycle and expectations are that investments into InsurTech will continue to grow at a dramatic pace.
xmlgold.eu on What is BitCoin?


text:
Q: Android Headless / GUI less Brower/library for android for getting data from the web [web scraping ] I am working on an app that programmatically fills a form on a website and returns the response to the app.
to do this I am currently using html unit android.  it works fine but html unit doesn't work on android 6.
as a large number of my users are using android 6 and 5 I need my app to work on android 6.
My current solution with html unit:
private fun submittingForm() {

        val webClient = WebClient()

            // Get the first page
            val page1 = webClient.getPage<HtmlPage>("http://some_url")

            // Get the form that we are dealing with and within that form,
            // find the submit button and the field that we want to change.
            val form = page1.getFormByName("myform")
            val button = form.getInputByName<HtmlSubmitInput>("submitbutton")
            val textField = form.getInputByName<HtmlTextInput>("userid")

            // Change the value of the text field
            textField.type("root")

            // Now submit the form by clicking the button and get back the second page.
            val page2 = button.click<HtmlPage>()
        }

I searched for days for a GUI-less browser but none of them meet my requirements.
jsoup doesn't help as it does not work with javascript
My requirements:

*

*a library that gets website data

*works with javascript ( load page's javascript and render the page after javascript has run)

*submit a form and get result
Can anyone suggest me a library that I can use?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
World: Powerball Results, Numbers for 07/24/21: Did Anyone Win the $174M Jackpot?
By newsweek
Ketamine delivers 'astounding' results for depression, but government 'road blocks' make it unaffordable
Allan Kelly has battled severe depression since he was 14, and for the first time in his life has found a "life-saving" treatment that works. But government "roadblocks" mean he must pay $26,000 for a six-month treatment.For the first time in his life, having tried every depression and suicidality treatment available, he finally found one that worked.
Powerball produced no jackpot winners on Saturday, meaning millions more will be added for the next draw—with an estimated grand prize of $186 million (with a cash value of $134.6 million).
© Justin Sullivan/Getty Images File photo: Angel Roblero holds a Powerball ticket that he just purchased on May 17, 2013 in San Francisco, California. There were no Powerball jackpot winners from the July 24, 2021, draw—but there were still plenty of big money winners.
Ten (10) was the Powerball on last night's (July 24) draw. Other winning numbers were: 1, 4, 11, 59, 67. Power Play was X2.
While no one matched all of those numbers, there were still some big winners.
Pro-Trump Sheriff's 'Ludicrous' Voting Probe Denounced as Private Investigators Question Clerks
Michigan's Barry County Sheriff Dar Leaf launched the investigation despite Trump winning there by double digits.Barry County Sheriff Dar Leaf has claimed, as has Trump, that there was voter fraud leading to President Joe Biden's win in the 2020 election. This claim has led the sheriff to open an investigation into voting machines in Barry County, as officials there have denounced the probe as "absolutely ridiculous and ludicrous," CBS local affiliate News Channel 3 reported on Friday.
Five ticket-holders matched all five balls without the Powerball to win $1 million. Two more players doubled their prize to $2 million thanks to a Power Play.
Fourteen more tickets were also just one number away from the jackpot, with four balls and the Powerball, to scoop $50,000. Five more did so with a Power Play to win $100,000.
There were also 328 tickets that matched four numbers without the Powerball to win $100; another 110 that did so with a Power Play to make it $200.
Nearly 900 (898) matched three numbers and the Powerball to also win £100, with a further 280 using a Power Play to double their winnings to $200.
The last named jackpot winner was a trust—"The Love You More Trust" represented by trustee Clay Tousey, 69, of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida—that chose to receive winnings in a one-time, lump-sum payment of $196,706,252.17.
What you need to know about mixing COVID vaccines
Several countries have approved mixing COVID vaccines as they seek to boost their inoculation campaigns.Mixing vaccines means administering one brand of vaccine for a patient's first shot, followed by a vaccine made by a different manufacturer for the second dose. Proponents of the policy believe it can increase the speed and effectiveness of vaccination campaigns.
Where your ticket money goes
Video: The 15 Best Places to Live and Retire in the U.S. in 2021 and 2022 (Real Simple)
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Each ticket costs $2 per play, but in certain circumstances, players can also multiply non-jackpot prizes by using the Power Play option for an additional $1.
Half of a ticket sale goes to fund prizes, with 35 percent benefitting good causes supported by lotteries, according to Powerball's website.
Another 6 percent of a ticket sale goes to retailer commissions, while 9 percent of a goes to operating expenses.
Drawings usually take place every Wednesday and Saturday, at 10:59 p.m. ET, with each draw broadcast live from a studio located in Tallahassee, Florida.
Players select one Powerball number from 1 to 26, and five other numbers from 1 to 69.
10 Biggest Powerball Wins
$1.586 billion won on January 13, 2016, by three players in California, Florida, and Tennessee.
$768.4 million won on March 27, 2019, by one player in Wisconsin
$758.7 million won on August 23, 2017, by one player in Massachusetts
$730 million won on January 20, 2021, by one player in Maryland
$687.8 million won on October 27, 2018, by two players in Iowa and New York
$590.5 million won on May 18, 2013, by one player in Florida
$587.5 million won on November 28, 2012, by two players in Arizona and Missouri
$564.1 million won on February 11, 2015, by three players in North Carolina, Puerto Rico and Texas
$559.7 million won on January 6, 2018, by one player in New Hampshire
$487 million won on July 30, 2016, by one player in New Hampshire
Your chances of winning
Odds of winning the big jackpot are 1 in 292,201,338.
But, according to Powerball's official website, each ticket has odds of 1 in 24.9 of winning a prize.
If you do win, you can choose to take your prize as an annuity, or for significantly less, a lump-sum payment. The annuity option gives you 30 annual payments over the space of 29 years, with each payment increasing by five percent until the 30th and final payment.
If you do win a Powerball jackpot, call lottery officials at 1-800-222-0996.
Start your unlimited Newsweek trial
As COVID restrictions ease, will we see a rise in other viruses? .
The 'triple threat' of COVID, flu and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is real as countries open up.But the COVID-19 pandemic has meant people wearing masks, social distancing, and not really mixing with those outside their households; this has led to a drop in the number of cases of common respiratory viruses such as colds and flu – something that was welcomed by medics on the front line who were busy treating those with COVID. This reduction in cases makes sense, for the flu virus is not as infectious as the virus that causes COVID.
Ketamine delivers 'astounding' results for depression, but government 'road blocks' make
Pro-Trump Sheriff's 'Ludicrous' Voting Probe Denounced as Private Investigators Question
Mega Millions Numbers for 07/23/21: Did Anyone Win the $140 Million?
Results of the Lotto: Discover the draw of this Monday, July 26th 2021
'Leave the Rest to Me'
Trump's aggressive efforts to overturn election results come to light
As COVID restrictions ease, will we see a rise in other viruses?


In path-breaking prior work (funded 2007-10 by JTF Grant 12344; see Appendix D), we at the Center for Decision Research (CDR) showed that redefining and enriching the human experience of purpose is the next critical step in using behavioral science to improve the human condition. We now face a singular opportunity (see section 3.1, "Strategic Opportunity") to direct global attention and energy to this central goal, and to augment, reshape, and combine kernels of prior insights on purpose into a new paradigm that emphasizes broader notions of individual autonomy, as well as of the social context as a resource for purposeful experience (How might individuals shape their environments to serve their purposes?). We therefore propose an ambitious 3-year agenda through which our globally renowned academic team will seize this opportunity by establishing a new paradigm for understanding purpose, fostering its enduring growth in an expansive, multidisciplinary scientific community, and disseminating yielded revolutions in insight to help people more successfully pursue and experience purpose through management of contextual forces. These efforts (see section 3.3) will include growth, through a competitive subaward process, of our multifaceted core program of research on the pursuit and experience of purpose, development of engaging educational tools, and extensive dissemination of our outputs to scientists, educators, policymakers, thought leaders, and the general public. We thus expect to fundamentally transform both lay views and scientific studies of purpose, to influence and improve the design of public policies to facilitate purposeful living, and to strengthen lay abilities and propensities for purpose-driven behavior, ultimately helping people make fuller—and more fulfilling—connections to their individual strengths, potential, and capacities for purposeful experience.


Here are some ways Sharon can support you.
The aim of this role is to support families in a variety of ways to get the very best from school by providing support, advice and information to help families. Sharon can offer support with housing, respite applications, benefit concerns or attending appointments as well as signposting to other services. Sharon works alongside many other professionals from social and healthcare so has a wide breadth of knowledge on what is available for families.
She offers regular coffee mornings/parent groups with speakers attending from different services such as Family Fund or Cerebra.
Sharon welcome's all queries and will endeavour to provide support or signpost a family to services ensuring families have as much knowledge as possible.


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Electric car startup claims 500 mile range and one-minute recharging possible by 2023
Fisker, which will launch its first car at CES in January, believes solid-state batteries are the future
Alistair Charlton
Electric car startup Fisker claims to have made a breakthrough in battery technology so significant, that within five years its cars will travel for 500 miles and take just one minute to recharge.
Aiming for a 2023 release date, Fisker is now filing patents related to a new type of solid-state battery. These batteries, the company claims, will offer 2.5 times the energy density of today's lithium-ion batteries, as used by all other electric car makers like Tesla and BMW.
Not only will the new batteries provide greater range and dramatically improved charging times over lithium-ion, California-based Fisker also says they have the potential to cost just a third of the projected price of lithium batteries. The company says the electrodes of its new batteries could have 25 times more surface area than those of lithium batteries used today.
Fisker claims to be addressing known problems associated with solid-state batteries, like reduced performance in cold temperatures, high manufacturing cost, and difficulty in producing them on the scale required by a car manufacturer - even one as small as Fisker.
Fisker's first new car, the Emotion, will launch at CES in January, 2018Fisker
Speaking to Green Car Congress, Dr. Fabio Albano, who is vice president of battery systems at Fisker, said: "This breakthrough marks the beginning of a new era in solid-state materials and manufacturing technologies...We are excited to build on this foundation and move the needle in energy storage."
These are bold claims, especially as they come from a car manufacturer with a troubled past. Owned by Henrik Fisker, the company produced a plug-in electric hybrid sports car called the Karma in 2011. But it sold poorly, causing the US government to freeze a $200m loan due to Fisker not reaching promised milestones. Then, several customer cars set fire and were destroyed.
Fisker's situation then went from bad to worse, as a Karma broke down just as Consumer Reports began testing it, then a shipment of 330 Karmas was destroyed by Hurricane Sandy and Tesla successfully sued it for $1.1m. Fisker disappeared in 2012, having sold just 2,500 cars.
Now - and this is where it gets confusing - Henrik Fisker has a new company, called Fisker, which plans to produce an electric sports car called the Emotion, pictured above and to be launched at CES in January. It will cost from $130,000, have a claimed 400-mile range and reservations can be placed now. Meanwhile, a new company called Karma is working on a new version of the original Fisker Karma, called the Revero, but the two companies - Fisker and Karma - are not related.
What works with VIAROOM
What works with Insteon
What works with Alarm.com


A great gift idea for birthdays or Christmas and a style that will work for day through to night. The silver or gold foil in the centre of the glass will gently shimmer as it catches the light.
The earrings are available on studs or fish hooks, all of which are sterling silver. They also can be put on silver plated clip on earrings. They are lever back but have an adjustable screwback as well so you can get the perfect fit.
Your earrings will be beautifully gift wrapped in a matt black box, tied with ivory satin ribbon and a gift card enclosed. This standard service is completely free of charge.
We offer a luxury gift wrap service. Orders can be wrapped in luxury black and gold paper and finished with a black satin bow and gift card, or silver paper finished with lilac satin ribbon and silver gift card.
Sterling silver and Murano glass. The clip on earring is silver plate.


Surface area, flexibility and many narrow channels.
Natural sponges are simple marine animals that don't have any organs. Instead, they rely on their huge surface area to absorb oxygen and nutrients and to get rid of waste products. The flexible skeleton of these sponges (or the plastic equivalent in a synthetic sponge) holds water because the complex labyrinth of dead ends and narrow channels slows the water as it tries to drain away. Squeezing the sponge compresses the channels and the extra pressure helps to force the water out more quickly.


Background on the Vital English ESOL project. Describes - 7 issues in online content design, their implications and solutions. A day in the life of an ESOL content writer. Conclusions about materials design.


From the early seventies until the mid nineties, Jane Lind worked as a freelance book editor and writer in Toronto. For many years she also worked as a sculptor, exhibiting her work in public and private galleries in Toronto and southern Ontario. Since 2001, she has been researching and writing a biography of Russian-born Toronto artist, Paraskeva Clark (1898-1986) who was trained in St. Petersburg in the early 1920s. Clark had some influence among Toronto artists during the thirties and forties because of her strong belief that artists should use social issues as their subject matter. Perfect Red: The Life of Paraskeva Clark was published by Cormorant Books in 2009. Currently Jane Lind lives in a rural area of Wellington County, near Guelph, Ontario.