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Hernandez V. Mesa - Case Study
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Hernandez V Mesa Case Study
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Hernandez V. Mesa is a case that is currently being heard in the United States court of appeal, and it has brought a debate of how far the jurisdiction of United States border patrol agents should extend beyond the border. Furthermore, the implications that this case will bring between USA and Mexico and also other aspects. Also, the case came on a writ of certiorari to the court of appeals in the USA for the fifth circuit addressing the issue of whether a Mexican national can bring legal actions against law enforcement agents of the US government under the constitution of USA (Mitchell, Barry, and Julian V Roberts).
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The case is all about the fatal shooting of a fifteen-year-old boy known as Sergio Hernandez in 2010 while playing with his friends below the bridge leading to the United States border. The boy engaged in an innocent game of dare, by running up the slope towards the United States touching the barbed wire fence and running back down. A US border officer known as Jesus Mesa arrived at the scene and caught up with Hernandez who was unarmed and not trying to gain entry into the US. The boy ran behind a bridge pillar of the culvert, but Mesa shot the boy in the head as he peered out from behind the pillar (Browne-Miller, Angela).
Neither Mesa nor even other border patrol agents who arrived at the scene tried to help Hernandez. Instead, they did nothing but got back and rode their bikes away from the scene. Hernandez died on the spot on the Mexican side of the culvert. Despite all this, there was no public official that accounted of what happened. The customs and border protection did an investigation on the issue, and they concluded that there were no grounds for charging Mesa with any of the crime against him. In Mexico, the charge of murder was made to Mesa, and the country asked the United States to extradite him, but the government refused to do that (Dershowitz, Alan M). Due to this, Hernandez parents filed a lawsuit in the US federal district court against the government and the custom border protection official included Mesa.
The court, however, dismissed the claims of the accused pointing out that there were no grounds for charging the defendants. However, a panel of the fifth circuit reinstated the action against the defendants claiming that the family of Hernandez was entitled to trial of the claim that the killing of their son shows great violation of the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment (Hails, Judy). Despite all this, the fifth circuit later decided to reverse the decision, and they dismissed the family's claims.
The following is because the court ruled for Mesa on different grounds namely a three-judge panel earlier ruled for Mesa and also in part for Hernandez. Due to the dismissal, the family took the matter to the Supreme Court so as to try and obtain justice on the two issues. Mexico country further filed a support petition of Hernandez petition and the court further added this issue of whether the claim, in this case, can be asserted under Biven V. 6unknown named agents of the federal Bureau of Narcotic 403 U.S. 388 (1971), (Davis, William A).
After looking at the overview of the case, there is also need to look at the legal issue involved in the case and also how other courts have dealt with such a case or any other case that look similar to that. There are three separate legal issues involved in this case to determine whether the constitutional rights apply to the non-citizens who are outside the United States. One of the legal issues is whether the fourth amendment applies outside of the United States (Fletcher, George P). The Supreme Court has two different approaches to the application of the constitutional rights. First of all is the formalist approach which notes that a four-justice plurality of the Court has said that the four amendments do not protect non-citizens from unreasonable searches by any government agents outside the USA.
The following approach applies in certain circumstances where an individual cause of action against federal officers for a violation of constitutional rights. An example of cases in the United States that has applied this approach is United States V. Verdugo-Urquidez 494 U.S. 259(1990).The case is formalistic since it draws a strict line between the government searches and seizures in the USA and government searches and seizures outside which are not (Davis, William A).
Another approach is the functional approach where the court rules that the suspension clause which looks at protecting the rights of non-citizens may apply outside the United States depending on certain factors and concern and not formalism of any kind. An example of a case that used the functional approach is Bourmediane V. Bush, 553 U. S. 723(2008).The reason for using the following approach is because it depends on case- specific aspects, a factual consideration that goes into the practical application of the constitution and not rigid formula (Fried, Charles).
In the Hernandez V. Mesa case, Hernandez parents argue that functional approach does apply. Referring to other cases mentioned above, Justice Kennedy did concur with Verdugo-Urquidez thus rejected formalized approach. The following also applies to the rejection of formalism in Boumediene. The parents further note that the fourth amendment does apply in the functional approach (More, Harry W). Their argument is that Mesa shot Hernandez very close to the border and the boy was unarmed and a member of the intertwined national border community. Accordingly, the parents also note that applying the fourth amendment of the constitution will not hurt any relations with Mexico (Mitchell, Barry, and Julian V Roberts).
On the part of the government, they argue for the formal approach. From the other cases, mentioned, the argument of the government is that nothing in Boumediene undermines the court's formal approach (Hails, Judy). The main reason for this is that Boumediene dealt with the extra territorial application of the rights of the people in Guantanamo bay where the government exercises sovereignty and is almost in control of the place. Therefore, Hernandez V. Mesa case does not apply the fourth amendment because USA does not partly own Mexico thus it rules for the formal approach (More, Harry W).
Another legal issue involved in this case is whether Mesa is entitled to qualified immunity. Qualified immunity is where an officer is immune from any responsibility for violation of constitutional rights (Hull, N. H, and Peter Charles Hoffer). Whether the conduct is not unconstitutional or does not violate constitutional rights which a reasonable person would have known then the court can use various aspects as listed above. The following means that the court can rule that the right in a particular case is not clearly established and also look at whether what the officer did is constitutional in the first place.
To Hernandez's parents, they argue that according to the Fifth Amendment, Mesa did violate rights of their boy by use of excessive force against him. Therefore, Mesa should not be entitled to qualified immunity. The fact that Mesa did not know that Hernandez was a Mexican citizen with no connection at the time of the shooting to the United States, the following shows that Mesa cannot claim that what he did was not constitutional and also that he indeed violated the constitutional rights.
Therefore, with no reasonable doubt, there is no officer in Mesa's shoes would have thought it as lawful to open fire to a person who was unarmed and not posing any threat to anyone (Mitchell, Barry, and Julian V Roberts). On the part of the United States government, they argue that indeed Mesa was entitled to qualified immunity. On the fact that the government agrees with Hernandez's parents is that the court should judge Mesa's knowledge during the time of the shooting. However, where the government disagrees with Hernandez parents is when they say that the court should not just assume that Hernandez was a US citizen which he was not.
The main question that should be asked is whether any officer in Mesa's shoes would have known that shooting the boy who was unarmed is violating the fifth amendment and also if he or she would have known the nationality of Hernandez at the moment. The following shows that indeed no case in the United States can address the application of the Fifth Amendment by use of force in shooting a person of unknown nationality outside the United States.
Another legal issue that is involved in thecae is whether Hernandez parents have any cause of action under Bivens. It is very clear in the US Constitution that there are no civil rights that can be self-executed and also there is no statutory basis for individuals to sue any federal officer for violating the following civil rights (Porter, Mary Cornelia, and G. Alan Tarr). Despite all this, the US constitutions do recognize any action against the federal officer in Bivens. Application of Bivens can be in certain contexts, but it is important to know that federal courts to sometimes refuse claims of Biven under special factors of counsel hesitation. The following factors mean that when the circumstances suggest that the Congress should decide the appropriate action for the allegation. In this particular case of Hernandez, Hernandez's parents argue that they do indeed have a Biven claim.
Their main reason for this is that the case that involves national security in the United States or even foreign affairs, Biven itself can be used under the fourth amendment. The main reason for this is that it has to be a US citizen and not by a foreigner for the search and arrest inside the USA and not outside the USA (Schwartz, Bernard). The parents' further note that their case does not implicate the national security nor the foreign affairs, therefore, it only involves the question of whether Mesa did or did not use excessive force on their boy. Thus, without a Biven remedy, there is no any other remedy, and without any remedy then there is no any judicial check on executive issues like their case.
On the part of the government, they argue that from what Biven's claim stands for, the Hernandez parents do not have a valid Biven's claim. They further ask the court not to use Biven's claims based on injuries incurred on a foreign national and not a US citizen in a foreign country (Tushnet, Mark V). Lastly, the government alleges that using a Biven claim, in this case, is not a job of the court but the job of the congress and the congress has the right to create statutory remedies for harms outside the United States.
In the Hernandez V. Mesa case, it is important to note that after failing to obtain justice, the parents decided to take the matter to the Supreme Court where their lawyer tried to argue that in the case, the US Constitution should come to play (Schwartz, Bernard). Despite all this, their lawyer was unprepared thus was not able to answer unpredictable questions posed to him by the court leading to the opening of the Pandora box. The following resulted in the rise of so many questions of how liable are the drone strikes by the USA to other foreign countries which are entirely a different issue from the case that is on the stand.
Another aspect that is important is that this case of Hernandez's killing did bring a bit of media attention at that time. The main reason for the media attention is because of the compelling facts of a border officer, Mesa shooting unarmed civilian who was not an American citizen without any justification of the shooting.
Furthermore, the government did initially false facts that Hernandez was unarmed and that he posed no threat to the border officer. Another reason for the media attention was because of increased violence by US officers on the Mexican border, and these officers are not accountable for their actions....
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Well, I'm back home for the summer. Again. And although I love my fam, and having a full-size closet (those Old Farm closets are a joke) I was a little sad to leave Logan this time. I made a lot of new friends this school year and I enjoyed myself far more than I ever thought I could in that arctic winter land. I've also started to really like being a music major too! FYI: I had quite the 'tude about that for a while, but that's a story for another time.
Okay, just kidding. I can't remember back that far.
Seriously though, I feel like I just moved into that Old Farm apartment and now I'm all moved out of it. I'm going to be a junior in College in the Fall. That fact alone, according to certain family members, makes me really old. Am I old? I don't feel old!! If I still feel like I can curl up on the couch with a Disney movie and some red koolaid and graham crackers (I know, weird, but it was my snack of choice for a loooong time), does that mean I'm not old yet?
In other news, tomorrow I will be wisdom-less. At this point in the post I was going to tell this absolutely horrible story that my roommate told me about one of the first brain surgeries ever performed. But, after typing it out, I decided it's not something anyone wants to read about. However, if you haven't already gathered, I'm a bit nervous. I know wisdom teeth surgeries aren't usually a big deal, but I have a tendency to have these extremely rare or unheard of issues when it comes to my teeth (another story for another time). I'm sure I'll be fine, but wish me luck!!!
Oh, and too bad for you, but Lortab does virtually nothing to me other than make me tired. So you won't be seeing any funny videos of me saying/doing crazy things. Although, if you're looking for a laugh, watch this video. It's hilarious.


The Keeshond is one of the most playful fluffy companions we have the privilege to know. Quick and agile, they're fast to join a game of chase or fetch. And they adore their humans. Show them and the world how much you adore them with this delightful nail art!
Heidi Chapman said: Super cute!
We don't have a lot of choices of items with our breed, so I was thrilled to find these decals. The sillouette is perfect and they look great. They stay on a long time too.
You guys have amazing awesome collection for nail art decals. I have been looking for Keeshond and I am happy to see the breed specific nail art here. Thank You for your amazing work!


text:
namespace bp = boost::python;

struct DraggerCallback_wrapper : osgManipulator::DraggerCallback, bp::wrapper< osgManipulator::DraggerCallback > {

    DraggerCallback_wrapper( )
    : osgManipulator::DraggerCallback( )
      , bp::wrapper< osgManipulator::DraggerCallback >(){
        // null constructor

    }

    virtual char const * className(  ) const  {
        if( bp::override func_className = this->get_override( "className" ) )
            return func_className(  );
        else{
            return this->osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::className(  );
        }
    }

    char const * default_className(  ) const  {
        return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::className( );
    }

    virtual ::osg::Object * clone( ::osg::CopyOp const & copyop ) const  {
        if( bp::override func_clone = this->get_override( "clone" ) )
            return func_clone( boost::ref(copyop) );
        else{
            return this->osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::clone( boost::ref(copyop) );
        }
    }

    ::osg::Object * default_clone( ::osg::CopyOp const & copyop ) const  {
        return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::clone( boost::ref(copyop) );
    }

    virtual ::osg::Object * cloneType(  ) const  {
        if( bp::override func_cloneType = this->get_override( "cloneType" ) )
            return func_cloneType(  );
        else{
            return this->osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::cloneType(  );
        }
    }

    ::osg::Object * default_cloneType(  ) const  {
        return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::cloneType( );
    }

    virtual bool isSameKindAs( ::osg::Object const * obj ) const  {
        if( bp::override func_isSameKindAs = this->get_override( "isSameKindAs" ) )
            return func_isSameKindAs( boost::python::ptr(obj) );
        else{
            return this->osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::isSameKindAs( boost::python::ptr(obj) );
        }
    }

    bool default_isSameKindAs( ::osg::Object const * obj ) const  {
        return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::isSameKindAs( boost::python::ptr(obj) );
    }

    virtual char const * libraryName(  ) const  {
        if( bp::override func_libraryName = this->get_override( "libraryName" ) )
            return func_libraryName(  );
        else{
            return this->osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::libraryName(  );
        }
    }

    char const * default_libraryName(  ) const  {
        return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::libraryName( );
    }

    virtual bool receive( ::osgManipulator::MotionCommand const & arg0 ) {
        namespace bpl = boost::python;
        if( bpl::override func_receive = this->get_override( "receive" ) ){
            bpl::object py_result = bpl::call<bpl::object>( func_receive.ptr(), arg0 );
            return bpl::extract< bool >( pyplus_conv::get_out_argument( py_result, 0 ) );
        }
        else{
            return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive( boost::ref(arg0) );
        }
    }

    static boost::python::object default_receive_a81453cad0b55e6a30e46933e3b5b17c( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback & inst, ::osgManipulator::MotionCommand & arg0 ){
        bool result;
        if( dynamic_cast< DraggerCallback_wrapper * >( boost::addressof( inst ) ) ){
            result = inst.::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive(arg0);
        }
        else{
            result = inst.receive(arg0);
        }
        return bp::object( result );
    }

    virtual bool receive( ::osgManipulator::TranslateInLineCommand const & command ) {
        namespace bpl = boost::python;
        if( bpl::override func_receive = this->get_override( "receive" ) ){
            bpl::object py_result = bpl::call<bpl::object>( func_receive.ptr(), command );
            return bpl::extract< bool >( pyplus_conv::get_out_argument( py_result, 0 ) );
        }
        else{
            return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive( boost::ref(command) );
        }
    }

    static boost::python::object default_receive_e7cc153a637f6f3432496652cc9d1858( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback & inst, ::osgManipulator::TranslateInLineCommand & command ){
        bool result;
        if( dynamic_cast< DraggerCallback_wrapper * >( boost::addressof( inst ) ) ){
            result = inst.::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive(command);
        }
        else{
            result = inst.receive(command);
        }
        return bp::object( result );
    }

    virtual bool receive( ::osgManipulator::TranslateInPlaneCommand const & command ) {
        namespace bpl = boost::python;
        if( bpl::override func_receive = this->get_override( "receive" ) ){
            bpl::object py_result = bpl::call<bpl::object>( func_receive.ptr(), command );
            return bpl::extract< bool >( pyplus_conv::get_out_argument( py_result, 0 ) );
        }
        else{
            return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive( boost::ref(command) );
        }
    }

    static boost::python::object default_receive_5488ed9d7f0cca5b12d7517033a20f51( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback & inst, ::osgManipulator::TranslateInPlaneCommand & command ){
        bool result;
        if( dynamic_cast< DraggerCallback_wrapper * >( boost::addressof( inst ) ) ){
            result = inst.::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive(command);
        }
        else{
            result = inst.receive(command);
        }
        return bp::object( result );
    }

    virtual bool receive( ::osgManipulator::Scale1DCommand const & command ) {
        namespace bpl = boost::python;
        if( bpl::override func_receive = this->get_override( "receive" ) ){
            bpl::object py_result = bpl::call<bpl::object>( func_receive.ptr(), command );
            return bpl::extract< bool >( pyplus_conv::get_out_argument( py_result, 0 ) );
        }
        else{
            return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive( boost::ref(command) );
        }
    }

    static boost::python::object default_receive_11781cc69a44ac6348a6c71d668d3b81( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback & inst, ::osgManipulator::Scale1DCommand & command ){
        bool result;
        if( dynamic_cast< DraggerCallback_wrapper * >( boost::addressof( inst ) ) ){
            result = inst.::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive(command);
        }
        else{
            result = inst.receive(command);
        }
        return bp::object( result );
    }

    virtual bool receive( ::osgManipulator::Scale2DCommand const & command ) {
        namespace bpl = boost::python;
        if( bpl::override func_receive = this->get_override( "receive" ) ){
            bpl::object py_result = bpl::call<bpl::object>( func_receive.ptr(), command );
            return bpl::extract< bool >( pyplus_conv::get_out_argument( py_result, 0 ) );
        }
        else{
            return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive( boost::ref(command) );
        }
    }

    static boost::python::object default_receive_8b77b025db4546a6ef47457de56e9579( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback & inst, ::osgManipulator::Scale2DCommand & command ){
        bool result;
        if( dynamic_cast< DraggerCallback_wrapper * >( boost::addressof( inst ) ) ){
            result = inst.::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive(command);
        }
        else{
            result = inst.receive(command);
        }
        return bp::object( result );
    }

    virtual bool receive( ::osgManipulator::ScaleUniformCommand const & command ) {
        namespace bpl = boost::python;
        if( bpl::override func_receive = this->get_override( "receive" ) ){
            bpl::object py_result = bpl::call<bpl::object>( func_receive.ptr(), command );
            return bpl::extract< bool >( pyplus_conv::get_out_argument( py_result, 0 ) );
        }
        else{
            return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive( boost::ref(command) );
        }
    }

    static boost::python::object default_receive_2bb013936d212b1ee8ce88da814e247f( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback & inst, ::osgManipulator::ScaleUniformCommand & command ){
        bool result;
        if( dynamic_cast< DraggerCallback_wrapper * >( boost::addressof( inst ) ) ){
            result = inst.::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive(command);
        }
        else{
            result = inst.receive(command);
        }
        return bp::object( result );
    }

    virtual bool receive( ::osgManipulator::Rotate3DCommand const & command ) {
        namespace bpl = boost::python;
        if( bpl::override func_receive = this->get_override( "receive" ) ){
            bpl::object py_result = bpl::call<bpl::object>( func_receive.ptr(), command );
            return bpl::extract< bool >( pyplus_conv::get_out_argument( py_result, 0 ) );
        }
        else{
            return osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive( boost::ref(command) );
        }
    }

    static boost::python::object default_receive_236194aaae50ce6fada1a0f669208c0a( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback & inst, ::osgManipulator::Rotate3DCommand & command ){
        bool result;
        if( dynamic_cast< DraggerCallback_wrapper * >( boost::addressof( inst ) ) ){
            result = inst.::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::receive(command);
        }
        else{
            result = inst.receive(command);
        }
        return bp::object( result );
    }

    virtual void computeDataVariance(  ) {
        if( bp::override func_computeDataVariance = this->get_override( "computeDataVariance" ) )
            func_computeDataVariance(  );
        else{
            this->osg::Object::computeDataVariance(  );
        }
    }

    void default_computeDataVariance(  ) {
        osg::Object::computeDataVariance( );
    }

    virtual ::osg::Referenced * getUserData(  ) {
        if( bp::override func_getUserData = this->get_override( "getUserData" ) )
            return func_getUserData(  );
        else{
            return this->osg::Object::getUserData(  );
        }
    }

    ::osg::Referenced * default_getUserData(  ) {
        return osg::Object::getUserData( );
    }

    virtual ::osg::Referenced const * getUserData(  ) const  {
        if( bp::override func_getUserData = this->get_override( "getUserData" ) )
            return func_getUserData(  );
        else{
            return this->osg::Object::getUserData(  );
        }
    }

    ::osg::Referenced const * default_getUserData(  ) const  {
        return osg::Object::getUserData( );
    }

    virtual void resizeGLObjectBuffers( unsigned int arg0 ) {
        if( bp::override func_resizeGLObjectBuffers = this->get_override( "resizeGLObjectBuffers" ) )
            func_resizeGLObjectBuffers( arg0 );
        else{
            this->osg::Object::resizeGLObjectBuffers( arg0 );
        }
    }

    void default_resizeGLObjectBuffers( unsigned int arg0 ) {
        osg::Object::resizeGLObjectBuffers( arg0 );
    }

    virtual void setName( ::std::string const & name ) {
        if( bp::override func_setName = this->get_override( "setName" ) )
            func_setName( name );
        else{
            this->osg::Object::setName( name );
        }
    }

    void default_setName( ::std::string const & name ) {
        osg::Object::setName( name );
    }

    virtual void setThreadSafeRefUnref( bool threadSafe ) {
        if( bp::override func_setThreadSafeRefUnref = this->get_override( "setThreadSafeRefUnref" ) )
            func_setThreadSafeRefUnref( threadSafe );
        else{
            this->osg::Object::setThreadSafeRefUnref( threadSafe );
        }
    }

    void default_setThreadSafeRefUnref( bool threadSafe ) {
        osg::Object::setThreadSafeRefUnref( threadSafe );
    }

    virtual void setUserData( ::osg::Referenced * obj ) {
        if( bp::override func_setUserData = this->get_override( "setUserData" ) )
            func_setUserData( boost::python::ptr(obj) );
        else{
            this->osg::Object::setUserData( boost::python::ptr(obj) );
        }
    }

    void default_setUserData( ::osg::Referenced * obj ) {
        osg::Object::setUserData( boost::python::ptr(obj) );
    }

};

void register_DraggerCallback_class(){

    bp::class_< DraggerCallback_wrapper, bp::bases< ::osg::Object >, osg::ref_ptr< DraggerCallback_wrapper >, boost::noncopyable >( "DraggerCallback", bp::init< >() )
        .def(
            "className"
            , (char const * ( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::* )(  )const)(&::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::className)
            , (char const * ( DraggerCallback_wrapper::* )(  )const)(&DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_className) )
        .def(
            "clone"
            , (::osg::Object * ( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::* )( ::osg::CopyOp const & )const)(&::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::clone)
            , (::osg::Object * ( DraggerCallback_wrapper::* )( ::osg::CopyOp const & )const)(&DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_clone)
            , ( bp::arg("copyop") )
            , bp::return_value_policy< bp::reference_existing_object >() )
        .def(
            "cloneType"
            , (::osg::Object * ( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::* )(  )const)(&::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::cloneType)
            , (::osg::Object * ( DraggerCallback_wrapper::* )(  )const)(&DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_cloneType)
            , bp::return_value_policy< bp::reference_existing_object >() )
        .def(
            "isSameKindAs"
            , (bool ( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::* )( ::osg::Object const * )const)(&::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::isSameKindAs)
            , (bool ( DraggerCallback_wrapper::* )( ::osg::Object const * )const)(&DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_isSameKindAs)
            , ( bp::arg("obj") ) )
        .def(
            "libraryName"
            , (char const * ( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::* )(  )const)(&::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback::libraryName)
            , (char const * ( DraggerCallback_wrapper::* )(  )const)(&DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_libraryName) )
        .def(
            "receive"
            , (boost::python::object (*)( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback &,::osgManipulator::MotionCommand & ))( &DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_receive_a81453cad0b55e6a30e46933e3b5b17c )
            , ( bp::arg("inst"), bp::arg("arg0") )
            , "\n Receive motion commands. Returns true on success.\n" )
        .def(
            "receive"
            , (boost::python::object (*)( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback &,::osgManipulator::TranslateInLineCommand & ))( &DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_receive_e7cc153a637f6f3432496652cc9d1858 )
            , ( bp::arg("inst"), bp::arg("command") ) )
        .def(
            "receive"
            , (boost::python::object (*)( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback &,::osgManipulator::TranslateInPlaneCommand & ))( &DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_receive_5488ed9d7f0cca5b12d7517033a20f51 )
            , ( bp::arg("inst"), bp::arg("command") ) )
        .def(
            "receive"
            , (boost::python::object (*)( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback &,::osgManipulator::Scale1DCommand & ))( &DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_receive_11781cc69a44ac6348a6c71d668d3b81 )
            , ( bp::arg("inst"), bp::arg("command") ) )
        .def(
            "receive"
            , (boost::python::object (*)( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback &,::osgManipulator::Scale2DCommand & ))( &DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_receive_8b77b025db4546a6ef47457de56e9579 )
            , ( bp::arg("inst"), bp::arg("command") ) )
        .def(
            "receive"
            , (boost::python::object (*)( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback &,::osgManipulator::ScaleUniformCommand & ))( &DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_receive_2bb013936d212b1ee8ce88da814e247f )
            , ( bp::arg("inst"), bp::arg("command") ) )
        .def(
            "receive"
            , (boost::python::object (*)( ::osgManipulator::DraggerCallback &,::osgManipulator::Rotate3DCommand & ))( &DraggerCallback_wrapper::default_receive_236194aaae50ce6fada1a0f669208c0a )
            , ( bp::arg("inst"), bp::arg("command") ) );

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Is new ClassName the same as ClassName::class - PHP In my Laravel application I saw these two lines in the Kernal.php

$schedule->job(new SendJoinerReminderEmails)->dailyAt('09:00');
$schedule->job(SendLeaverReminderEmails::class)->dailyAt('09:00');

Functionally are these the same, and is one more correct than the other?

A: new SendJoinerReminderEmails return class instance
SendLeaverReminderEmails::class path of class return string like App\Mails\SendLeaverReminderEmails
if you see job method
public function job($job, $queue = null, $connection = null)
{
        return $this->call(function () use ($job, $queue, $connection) {
            $job = is_string($job) ? Container::getInstance()->make($job) : $job;

            if ($job instanceof ShouldQueue) {
                $this->dispatchToQueue($job, $queue ?? $job->queue, $connection ?? $job->connection);
            } else {
                $this->dispatchNow($job);
            }
        })->name(is_string($job) ? $job : get_class($job));
    }

here if  $job param is string then it will try get instance from the container  or else it will take instance from the $job param
 $job = is_string($job) ? Container::getInstance()->make($job) : $job;

To check you can  dd
dd(new SendJoinerReminderEmails)
or
dd(SendLeaverReminderEmails::class)

A: No, Class instance is not same as Class name.

*

*new SomeClass() will return an instance or object on the class.

*On the other hand SomeClass::class will return the fully qualified
name of SomeClass

But in this case, both should work because the method job() accepts any of the class name or an instance.
If you pass the class name, it'll resolve the instance inside the method as follows-
$job = is_string($job) ? resolve($job) : $job;

See the full implementation of the job method below-
/**
 * Add a new job callback event to the schedule.
 *
 * @param  object|string  $job
 * @param  string|null  $queue
 * @param  string|null  $connection
 * @return \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\CallbackEvent
 */
public function job($job, $queue = null, $connection = null)
{
    return $this->call(function () use ($job, $queue, $connection) {
        $job = is_string($job) ? resolve($job) : $job;

        if ($job instanceof ShouldQueue) {
            dispatch($job)
                ->onConnection($connection ?? $job->connection)
                ->onQueue($queue ?? $job->queue);
        } else {
            dispatch_now($job);
        }
    })->name(is_string($job) ? $job : get_class($job));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Update on COVID-19 by NYU Spokesman John Beckman
"COVID-19 remains the focus of a working group of senior administrators at NYU. That group has been meeting daily to scrutinize new information COVID-19 virus, report to NYU's senior-most leadership, respond to developments that affect NYU's programs, and plan for contingencies. In its work, the group is guided by a commitment to the health and safety of the NYU community and the University's responsibility to fulfill its academic mission of education and scholarship.
"Among the most recent developments are the following:
University-wide
Travel Prohibition: NYU has prohibited all upcoming non-essential international travel.
NYU's Study Abroad site in Florence: On February 24, NYU suspended in-person classes at its Florence Study Abroad site, temporarily suspended day-to-day operations at the Florence campus, and sent students home. Classes resumed through remote technologies this week and will continue (except for spring break) until at least March 29, when we hope to be able to reconvene classes at the Florence campus.
Our other 11 Study Abroad locations: After reviewing guidance from the CDC and the New York State Department of Health, NYU will continue conducting classes in its other 11 locations at this juncture. However, the University today communicated with students studying abroad that they can voluntarily return to their homes and participate in their classes remotely, if they wish. The University will continue to closely monitor conditions in those countries for developments that might cause NYU to change its assessment.
Currently conditions do not indicate a need to alter the regular program of teaching and learning and research. However, out of an abundance of caution and readiness, the University, working the deans of its schools, are undertaking relevant contingency planning to sustain our students' educational progress and safeguard scholarly research in the event such a need should arise.
At the NYU Abu Dhabi campus
Candidates' Weekend: Candidates Weekend, which draws applicants from around the world to NYU Abu Dhabi's campus, is a unique and important part of the admissions process there. Given the circumstances, leadership at NYUAD has decided to substitute a "virtual Candidates' Weekend" for the scheduled, upcoming, in person Candidates' Weekend
Inauguration of the New Vice Chancellor : NYUAD will postpone until fall the planned inauguration of a new vice chancellor
Postponement of Academic Summit: An academic summit to be held in conjunction with the Times Higher Ed in early March that would have drawn higher education leaders from around the region will be postponed
Personal Travel: NYUAD is urging its community members to postpone personal travel for the time being"
John Beckman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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On March 27, 2004, Easter Seals child ambassador Justin Spigner drew the winning ticket for the His 'n' Her BMWs. The winner, Arthur Wolf of Shelby Township, Michigan, received the keys to the BMWs from John Kersten, president of CENTURY 21 Town & Country. Mr. Wolf is a longtime supporter of the car raffles and happy to be helping Easter Seals.
On November 22, 2003, Easter Seals child ambassador Justin Spigner drew the winning ticket for the His 'n' Her Corvettes at Buff Whelan Chevrolet. The winner, Gary Newton of Davisburg, Michigan, received the keys to the Corvettes from John Kersten, president of CENTURY 21 Town & Country.
At Suburban Hummer on September 27, 2003, Easter Seals child ambassador Justin Spigner drew the winning ticket for the Hummer H2. John Kersten, president of CENTURY 21 Town & Country, notified the lucky winners: Joe and LaVonne Hootman of Grand Forks, North Dakota.
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The University of Maine offers instructional camps in a full complement of sports. Under the direction of varsity coaches from the university, sessions emphasize skill development, conditioning and sportsmanship. Certain camps are designed for advanced players, while others focus on specific positions. Athletes have full access to the university's athletic facilities.


As I rarely look in on the other sections of this site, I am obviously missing out on quite a lot, time, time, time !
Having just looked in on the Archive section I was amazed to see the article about the WWI Mess-tin. Thinking that others also don't look in on the other sections all that often, I have decided to mention the subject here on the Forum - Regimental Chat, so that others might be encouraged to browse more often. With all of those knowledgable heads out there ... someone might be able to help ... if only they were aware of the question.
Read it yourselves in the Archives section.
Looked at this following your post the other day Bill, yes very interesting, but things are hectic here at present, so I failed to comment.
Obviously been in archives for some time.
Was there any follow up on this with Mr Pegler ? If he still has it, I would be quite willing to go to Wigan and get some more in-focus shots of the mess tin, if he would allow it.
Well done Bob, it would have been sad to have let it go outside of the family !


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text:
Nat'l Collegiate Acrobatics & Tumbling Assoc.
About the NCATA
USA Gymnastics
Alderson Broaddus University
Arizona Christian University
Chowan University
Coker College
Converse College
Davis & Elkins College
East Texas Baptist University
Fairmont State University
Gannon University
Georgetown College (Ky.)
Glenville State University
Hawaii Pacific University
King University
Saint Leo University
Urbana University
West Liberty University
Student-Athlete Guide
This is Acrobatics & Tumbling
Meet Format
Coker College Becomes 27th Member of NCATA
Release courtesy of Coker College Athletics
HARTSVILLE, S.C. -- Coker College is pleased to announce the addition of Acrobatics and Tumbling as its 25th varsity sport beginning in 2019. Coker becomes the 27th member of the National Collegiate Acrobatics & Tumbling Association.
A national search for the program's first head coach is currently underway, with the recruitment of student-athletes to begin shortly thereafter.
"Acrobatics and Tumbling is a sport that is growing in interest at the intercollegiate level across the country" said Dr. Lynn Griffin, vice president for athletics and athletic facilities. "With the number of NCAA Division II institutions within our geographic footprint already offering the sport, it is a good time for Coker to make this addition".
Acrobatics and Tumbling meets are typically held as a match between two or more teams and each is filled with excitement, while also being fast-paced and fan friendly. Each participating team has up to 28 competitors on their game-day roster and will compete in six events during the meet, which includes Compulsory, Acro, Pyramid, Toss, Tumbling, and Team Event. Teams will receive a score based on starting difficulty values and execution, and during competition each team can earn a score of up to 300 points. The team with the highest overall score is the deemed winner of the match.
"We are so excited to welcome Coker College to the NCATA," said NCATA President Dr. Renee Baumgartner. "Dr. Griffin and her administration really understand the ability of Acrobatics & Tumbling to create competitive opportunities for women, especially within their region. It's an incredibly exciting time."
The sport, which is governed by the National Collegiate Acrobatics and Tumbling Association (NCATA), is currently sponsored by 17 NCAA Division II institutions, including three in the state of South Carolina. Competition will take place between February and April, with each team allowed to compete in a minimum of six contests and a maximum of 14. The NCATA National Championships are held annually in April on an NCATA member campus with event and team championships.
"This regional growth has really encouraged us as an organization as we strive to meet a need for young women competing in this skill set," said Executive Director Janell Cook. "Every institution who sponsors Acrobatics & Tumbling creates new varsity opportunities, and is an affirmation that by working together we can give women the valuable student-athlete experience we know propels them to greater things in life."
Nationally, over nine million young women participate in the acrobatic and tumbling skill sets through their participation in gymnastics and competitive cheerleading. This number will only continue to grow as the sport of Acrobatics and Tumbling is one of the fastest-growing sports at the collegiate level.
About Coker College
Coker College is a student-focused, comprehensive college with a strong liberal arts core located in Hartsville, South Carolina. Coker combines round table, discussion-based learning with hands-on experiences to encourage active participation in and out of the classroom. A supportive, close-knit community prepares Coker students with the confidence and practical life skills they need to reach their personal best, in college and beyond.
Founded in 1908, Coker is a bachelor's and master's degree-granting institution and competes in 24 NCAA Division II sports. Coker is included among the "Best Colleges" in the South by U.S. News & World Report as well as The Princeton Review, and by Washington Monthly as a "Best Bang for Your Buck" college in the southeast.
The national collegiate acrobatics & tumbling association - A discipline of USA gymnastics


You set up your laptop according to your own preferences. You configure various system settings on your laptop, and the settings of various applications you use, to best suit your own requirements. inSync gives you the ability to backup these system and application settings. You can restore these system and application settings on a new laptop that you want to add to your inSync account or a replace a laptop linked with your inSync account. For more information on how to add a new laptop to your inSync account, see Add a new laptop to your inSync account. For more information on how to replace a laptop linked with your inSync account, see Replace a laptop linked with your inSync account.
Note: Only your inSync administrator can enable system and application settings for you. If you want to know the system and application settings that the inSync client will back up, contact your inSync administrator.
The following table lists the restores that your inSync setup supports.
Note: inSync does not support the migration of Mac user accounts.
Note: inSync does not support the migration of dial-up and virtual private network settings. This is applicable to all versions of IE.
Note: inSync does not support migration of local printer settings. For network printers, inSync does not backup the credentials to access the printer. You must re-enter the credentials.
inSync migrates the default language for Outlook 2010. However, inSync does not set it as the default language.
inSync does not support the migration of stationary fonts and mail formats from Outlook 2007 to Outlook 2010.
inSync does not support the migration of stored passwords.
inSync does not support the migration of settings of an earlier version of Outlook to Outlook 2013.
The following table lists the restores that your inSync setup does not support.
There are no recommended articles.
How do I restore system settings of my old laptop to my new laptop?


text:
Home›Police / Fire›Antigo Police & Langlade County Sheriff Reports for 4/12/21
Antigo Police & Langlade County Sheriff Reports for 4/12/21
ANTIGO POLICE REPORTS
Wednesday, March 31st
Officers responded to a call from a subject reporting an accident at an address on Clermont Street. The caller told officers that a vehicle had smashed into the fence, on the north side of the parking lot.
Officers executed a warrant attempt at an address on Neva Road. A subject was taken into custody.
Thursday, April 1st
Officers stopped a vehicle on Superior Street. The driver was arrested for possession of methamphetamine with intent to deliver.
Officers received a call from a female reporting that while she was shopping at an area business on Hwy. 64, her vehicle was hit. She told officers that she noticed the damage when she got home. Officers would be reviewing the video from the business.
Officers responded to a call from a female reporting that a vehicle side-swiped her vehicle by the traffic lights, near an area business on Hwy. 64.
Officers conducted a follow-up investigation at an address on Clermont Street. A male subject was taken into custody.
Friday, April 2nd
Officers responded to a report of a two vehicle accident in the parking lot of an area business on Hwy. 64.
Monday, April 5th
Officers stopped a vehicle at S. Clermont Street and Forrest Avenue. Officers received consent to search and the K9 officer was deployed. Subjects received multiple citations and were referred for possession of marijuana.
Officers responded to a call from a female reporting that while her husband was sitting in their vehicle, in the parking lot of an area business on Neva Road, another vehicle stuck it and then left. The caller gave officers a description of the striking vehicle.
Officers responded to a report of drugs at an address on S. Hudson Street.
Tuesday, April 6th
Officers responded to a report of an accident in the parking lot of an area business on Jerome Street. A vehicle was struck by another vehicle while the owner of the struck vehicle was inside shopping. The vehicle had front end damage.
LANGLADE COUNTY SHERIFF DEPARTMENT
Officers stopped a vehicle at Cty. Rd. HH and Cty. Rd. Y. A search was conducted. A subject was referred for possession of marijuana.
Officers responded to a report of an accident with injuries on Hwy. 45.
Officers responded to a call from a subject on Cty. Rd. WW reporting that their cabin had been broken into and a television and the refrigerator had been taken. The caller told officers that they thought that the break-in recently occurred.
Officers responded to a report of a burglary at an address on W. 1st Avenue.
Sunday, April 4th
Officers executed a warrant attempt at an address on Cty. Rd. G. A subject was taken into custody.
Officers assisted with a fire call on Range Line Road. There was a grass fire that was spreading rapidly. Multiple fire departments responded. Officers checked area residences and made sure they were cleared of any individuals.
Officers executed a warrant attempt at an address on Gowan Rod. A search was conducted. A subject was taken into custody on a Department of Corrections warrant, possession of marijuana 2nd offense and possession of drug paraphernalia.
Help Shape Deer Hunting In Wisconsin
NewsPolice / Fire
Langlade County Criminal Court Report
By Dan Turczynski, Editor
Police Department offers Traffic Education Program
Garden Club donates proceeds from plant sale to Crime Stoppers
Culver's of Antigo joins forces with Police Department
Wisconsin State Patrol is recruiting for troopers and inspectors
Community makes Antigo K9 unit a reality


Had another great weekend of lake hopping. Took my lady to the Hill and caught 21 crappie on Saturday. SC little river area , long lined most of the time. Did catch a few tight lining. Half shallow and half deep. 4 bigger females, one had eggs still. Lots of small fish with eggs this trip.
Went to Murray yesterday and took my son along as well. Had an awesome day of catching striper ! 17 total. Mix of swimbaits, flukes and topwater. I love fishing this time of year. Wind was brutal though!
Great report. Glad to see those PFDs on everyone.
It is a good Shellcracker lake too. I plan to try them later this week.
Two good days on the water with good looking catches. The wind was kicking, y'all done good staying on the water.
Yes, Saturday was beautiful. Sunday the wind gave us a beating!
A fine weekend of fishing, nice pics and report.
Great report from both lakes! Looks a fun time was had by all. I went out for a couple hours before church Sunday. Caught a couple bass/striper, but nothing to write home about. The WIND was kicking for sure!!!
Hooking up every chance I get!
Same area i saw you last year? Didnt try around there yet this year. Little farther down lake.
Thats two good days off fishing there. I got the boat out sunday, winds were only supposed to be 20, bet it was over 40 mph with 4ft rollers. Took all the strength my dad and i had to load. But everthing works and ready for warmer temps for walleyes. Found them but not biting. Dnr sent my boat through 30 min of decomtamination at the landing also at inspection station before they would let the boat on the lake.
Glad you got out to test the waters! Colorado should decontaminate some of the democrats moving into the state as well!! LOL!
I went to the area you mentioned on the Hill. Fish were there but sorta picky i thought! Hope you get on those walleye soon!


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Out of the Blue, Volume 1 is out 3/27/2019.
By Jarred A. Luján — Out of the Blue Volume 1, the second original graphic novel from AfterShock Comics, is the co-creation of famed war story writer Garth Ennis and the incredibly talented artist Keith Burns. It marks a reunion for the duo, which last team on another WWII aviation story called Johnny Red. Out of the Blue follows protagonist Jamie McKenzie towards the end of World War II, as he performs bombing runs on German supply lines in the worst possible plane with the worst possible commanding officer.
The story has so much to unpack, but I want to jump into the artwork first. Burns is a member of the RAF Guild of Aviation Artists, a group that describes itself as the globally-recognized premier society for the promotion of aviation art. Burns is a testament to that statement. It almost feels like planes were designed for this man to draw them. The opening page of the book—a De Havilland Mosquito Fighter-Bomber flying over the remnants of a burning German ship—is in and of itself an amazing piece, and it sets the tone for the book. The battle sequences in this story are also more than just big and explosive; they're dramatic and intense. Burns styles these pages in a way that showcases what a feat of machinery these little planes are, also capturing the depth and destruction of warfare. It's all thrilling to look at, and this art alone could sell me on the book.
This story has one of my favorite casts of characters from any Ennis book in a while. Joseph Ranjaram, an Indian soldier in the British military, is the calm and eloquent balance to another character, Jamie. Jamie, in his own right, is a fun character, but it becomes clear early in the story that Jamie…well, Jamie is sort of an unlucky guy. His constant stumbles bridge upon heartbreaking turn after turn, which, ironically enough, is what introduces him to Joseph in the first place. Jamie getting partnered with Joseph is meant to be a punishment due to his race, and I loved that touch. Any WWII book that doesn't shy away from the ugly shadow of racism, particularly and openly cast by Broome here, is one that adds an immersive edge of realism to its work. It should come as no surprise that Ennis, a man who happily introduces the harsh realities of war on the regular, is willing to address that unflinchingly as well.
Now, bear with me as I give a brief history lesson, one that I promise is relevant to this book. For those who maybe missed a history class or two, England suffered a pretty brutal time in WWII. From the May 1940 evacuation of Dunkirk to the intense bombing that occurred from July to October 1940, times were rather dark for the country during the war. Now, one of the things that I love about this time period in particular is the war propaganda that came out of it. I know, that seems like a particularly dorky thing to find interesting, but the differences in experiences of the war come out so clearly in the way nations represented it to their own countries. For example, American propaganda is vengeful, it's angry. Reasonably so, something like Pearl Harbor is certain to bring out those feelings in a nation. England's went another way, though. While there were certainly feelings of anger and frustration and vengeance, much of England's propaganda was hopeful, because for quite some time it seemed like the end was nigh for Britain. There's been plenty of time spent dissecting Churchill's "We Shall Fight on the Beaches" speech, given at the beginning of the intensive bombing, but it captures so well the British approach to their situation: Don't lose hope, fight on.
That spirit is so wonderfully captured in this story. It's a story of Jamie, who can't seem to do a damn thing right at times, and who is given every reason to give up but refuses to do so.
He just seems to find himself in the plane, in the midst of battle, fighting for something worth fighting for. The book feels lighter than some of Ennis' prior work, and I say that as someone who loved Punisher: Born and Sara (which I also reviewed), but that lightness is perfect for this story. It has dark edges, to be sure, including racism and Broome's nastier intentions later in the book, but you can see the central vein of hope throughout Jamie's story. The last few pages of this book are so great and so beautiful, and they capture the theme so well that I spent a very long time soaking them in.
If there is one thing I find frustrating about the book, it's that the release is split in half. Volume 1 isn't a cohesive story, it's part of a much larger story that will obviously conclude in Volume 2. Yet, it feels like we're really just kicking off by the time we get to the end. It feels a little disappointing that we can't dive into it next month, like a monthly serial, or continue going through it, like a regular graphic novel. That's a minor thing, and maybe that being my biggest issue is only another indicator of how much I enjoyed reading this.
Ennis and Burns make fantastic comics together.
Read more graphic novel reviews with Trade Rating.


Casper and Tuft & Needle are two of the more prominent online mattress stores in the United States. They both entered the market to tackle the problem of how expensive top-of-the-line mattresses can be for the average person. Prior to the internet era, a few large mattress companies were able to dominate the market space. But recent years have seen a number of competitors pop up and provide awesome products for relatively low prices. In today's review, we will give you all the tools you need to determine which of these two mattresses is right for you.
Tuft & Needle is a small Phoenix, Arizona based company that was started a few years ago by two entrepreneurs. They have a local showroom but provide mattresses to people throughout the whole country. If you do want to see one of their mattresses in person, you'll have to head to Phoenix – the majority of their business is done online. The primary aim of the Tuft & Needle brand has been to provide the best possible mattress at the lowest possible price.
If you do buy a Tuft & Needle mattress, you'll also receive a number of benefits. You will receive a 10-year warranty with your product, as well as a 100-day money back guarantee. You will also receive free shipping within the United States, and same-day delivery within Phoenix, Arizona.
The Tuft & Needle mattress takes a basic approach to foam construction, they have two main layers of foam which provide the make-up of the mattress. These two layers are explored in further detail below.
This is the layer that is responsible for the comfort and feel of the mattress. It is made out of poly foam and provides a breathable, but comfortable surface. This portion of the mattress is only 3" thick.
This is the support layer of the mattress. It is used to provide foundation for the top layer of the mattress – it is made from much more dense foam, which provides the firmness needed to create a sturdy bed. This portion of the mattress is 7" thick.
As you can see, the total thickness of the mattress is 10" – it doesn't waste any time with additional layers, but provides plenty of comfort for its occupants.
The Tuft & Needle mattress cover is extremely minimalist, it doesn't provide much in the way of creativity. If you're looking for a mattress that has a large cover with extra padding, this isn't the one for you. The Tuft & Needle cover does a great job of letting the owners interact with the mattress themselves. People often complain that modern mattresses are almost all based on their cover – but this creates problems as the mattress itself may not be quality and covers tend to retain warmth and create heat. Having a minimalist cover is the best way to make sure that you aren't retaining too much heat.
The Tuft & Needle mattress does an amazing job of providing exceptional comfort for an extremely low price. In fact, 95% of people that try the Tuft & Needle decide to keep it. They have one of the best customer satisfaction ratings out of many of the new mattress market entrants.
In terms of support, the Tuft & Needle scores well. This is because it has a large support base and not as many top layers providing different memory foams. This has meant that the Tuft & Needle has been able to develop a reputation as one of the stronger foam mattresses on the market. The firmness comes in at 6.5/10 – scoring above average across the board in terms of support. If you find that you are a bit of a heavier sleeper, you may enjoy sleeping on this more than the Casper mattress as you won't sink into the bed as much.
It's important to note that while this mattress doesn't provide plenty of support and resistance, the nature of its foam construction means that it is still comfortable for light sleepers. The top layer will still provide you with the hug and contour you're looking for from a foam mattress.
Casper is another up-and-coming mattress company that has made a name for itself over the past few years. It has been able to completely cut into the foam mattress industry by creating an online mattress company that passes on savings to the consumer. Instead of having expensive show rooms for their clients, they have focused on creating an online store that allows for reduced costs and streamlined services. They've been extremely effective at supplying quality mattresses quickly.
If you decide that you want to purchase a Casper mattress, you'll be protected by a 100-day money back guarantee. You'll also receive a 10-year warranty which protects against factory defaults and a range of other problems. And don't worry about shipping – Casper provides this completely free of charge for all their mattress orders.
Unlike Tuft & Needle, Casper uses four separate layers to manufacture their mattress. They do so to provide their clients with a range of different benefits from a variety of different materials. A full explanation of the different layers is outlined below.
This is the first layer of the mattress, which also happens to be the layer of the mattress that you will be coming into contact with when you sleep on it. Casper has created this mattress using a 1.5" thick poly foam. This foam is intended to provide you with as much comfort as possible without retaining too much heat.
This layer of the mattress is also designed with comfort in mind. It is a 1.5" thick memory foam layer that is similar to those used in many top-end foam mattresses. Memory foam tends to retain heat – this is why they have not used it as the first layer, the poly foam provides a buffer for the heat to dissipate into.
This layer is also a 1.5" layer of poly foam. This is a transition layer that adds both breathability and comfort prior to the foundation of the mattress.
The foundation layer is a 5" thick layer that provides total support for the rest of the mattress. It is constructed using extremely dense foam that provides the firmness that is needed to create a proper foundation.
One of the most common complaints with foam mattresses is that they retain too much heat. This is understandable, as the dense material tends to absorb your body heat quite effectively. Casper has done their best to eliminate this problem all together – they use poly foam which is much more breathable than traditional foam. This is an innovative solution to the ongoing problems of foam heat retention.
Heat retention is also a priority of the cover that has been designed for the Casper mattress. The mattress is intended to be as light and thin as possible. This means that the cover doesn't retain any heat and allows the mattress to be breathable. It also gives the owner direct contact to the materials that make this mattress as awesome as it is. As you will see, the design of the cover is also quite basic. The top is plain white and the sides are dark grey.
In terms of composition, the materials used to make the cover are also fairly basic. The top of the cover is completely polyester, while the side is a mix of polyester and polypropylene. The sides have a much more sturdy feel – this is done to create extra edge support. An often un-thought of problem with foam mattresses is the amount of edge support they have, and Casper uses the cover to help reduce the problems that could be common place with many foam mattresses.
Casper has done a great job at creating a considerably comfortable mattress. The feel of the Casper mattress is slightly different to that of other forms of foam mattresses. Many people who purchase foam mattresses often complain that the memory foam sinks too much and creates too much contour around their body. This means that the bed does not bounce at all, which can be a rather weird feeling for some people. Casper uses poly foam as the first layer to provide a mix of hug and bounce – it is much more responsive than your typical foam mattress. This has been very positive with many of the company's clients – they feel they've finally found a foam mattress that has some of the traits of a normal top-end mattress as well.
In terms of base support, the Casper mattress falls right in the middle. The Casper scores a 6/10 in terms of mattress support. This means that it isn't extremely firm, but it still has some good support foundation that provides a solid mattress structure. This is great for those who are of a normal weight, but those who are heavier sleepers might find that this doesn't have quite as much support as you may want. If you do weigh more than 240 pounds, you might want to look for a mattress that scores 7/10 or higher in terms of support. There are plenty of reviews of such mattresses available on our site.
After reading this review you probably have a better idea of which mattress is right for you. The Tuft & Needle mattress is extremely good value for money – the mattress is also extremely comfortable, 95% of their customers decide to keep the mattress after the money-back phase is over.
This being said, the Casper mattress has done a great job at being one of the most revolutionary foam mattresses on the market. They use four layers to provide the ultimate sleeping experience. They're also one of the most breathable mattresses on the market. If you find that you have problems overheating when you sleep, this is probably the best foam mattress available.
You can't beat the Tuft & Needle for price, but both of these mattresses come in at super competitive rates for foam mattresses. If you need a bit more support, you're probably better off with the Tuft & Needle, but those who need serious support are most likely better with a different mattress altogether.
Make sure to check out some of the other reviews on our website – we have extensive information on a range of different mattresses – you'll be sure to find the perfect one for you.