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Boundless Political Science
Forms of government are categorized by the power source and power structure of any given state.
Compare and contrast the various forms of government
Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. States are served by a continuous succession of different governments.
Governments with Aristarchy attributes are traditionally ruled by the "best" people. Examples include aristocracy, technocracy and meritocracy.
Governments with autocratic attributes are ruled by one person who has all the power over the people in a country. Examples include authoritarian, totalitarian and fascist governments.
Governments with democratic attributes are most common in the Western world and in some countries of the east. In democracies, all of the people in a country can vote during elections for representatives or political parties that they prefer.
Governments with monarchic attributes are ruled by a king or a queen who inherits their position from their family, which is often called the royal family.
Governments with oligarchic attributes are ruled by a small group of powerful and/or influential people. These people may spread power equally or not equally.
Plutocracy defines a society or a system ruled and dominated by the small minority of the wealthiest citizens. Unlike systems such as democracy, capitalism, socialism or anarchism, plutocracy is not rooted in an established political philosophy and has no formal advocates.
government: The body with the power to make and/or enforce laws to control a country, land area, people or organization.
state: A political division of a federation retaining a degree of autonomy, for example one of the fifty United States. See also Province.
Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized (synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government"). Governments consist of two broad interplaying elements that generally determine how a government is coded: the power source and the power structure. Power source refers to the individuals and institutions that exercise governing authority over a state and the means by which they obtain their power, while power structure refers to the system by which they are organized.
In the case of its broad definition, government normally consists of legislators, administrators, and arbitrators. Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. States are served by a continuous succession of different governments. Each successive government is composed of a body of individuals who control and exercise control over political decision-making. Their function is to make and enforce laws and arbitrate conflicts. In some societies, this group is often a self-perpetuating or hereditary class. In other societies, such as democracies, the political roles remain, but there is frequent turnover of the people actually filling the positions.
Countries of the World, by Type of Government in 2011: This map shows all the countries of the word, colored according to their type of government. Blue represents full presidential republics, while green and yellow are presidential republics with less powerful presidents. Orange represents parliamentary republics. Red and pink are parliamentary constitutional monarchies, and purple represents absolute monarchies. Brown represents single-party republics, green shows countries where government has been suspended (e.g., military dictatorships), and grey countries do not fit any of the above categories.
Governments with Aristarchy attributes are traditionally ruled by the "best" people. Aristocracy refers to the rule by elite citizens; a system of governance in which a person who rules in an aristocracy is an aristocrat. It has come to mean rule by "the aristocracy" who are people of noble birth. A meritocracy refers to rule by the meritorious; a system of governance where groups are selected on the basis of people's ability, knowledge in a given area, and contributions to society. Finally, a technocracy refers to rule by the educated; a system of governance where people who are skilled or proficient govern in their respective areas of expertise in technology would be in control of all decision making. Doctors, engineers, scientists, professionals and technologists who have knowledge, expertise, or skills, would compose the governing body, instead of politicians, businessmen, and economists.
Governments with autocratic attributes are ruled by one person who has all the power over the people in a country. The Roman Republic made Dictators to lead during times of war. In modern times, an Autocrat's rule is not stopped by any rules of law, constitutions, or other social and political institutions. After World War II, many governments in Latin America, Asia, and Africa were ruled by autocratic governments.
Governments with democratic attributes are most common in the Western world and in some countries of the east. In democracies, all of the people in a country can vote during elections for representatives or political parties that they prefer. The people in democracies can elect representatives who will sit on legislatures such as the Parliament or Congress. Political parties are organizations of people with similar ideas about how a country or region should be governed. Different political parties have different ideas about how the government should handle different problems. Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people.
Governments with monarchic attributes are ruled by a king or a queen who inherits their position from their family, which is often called the "royal family. " There are at two opposing types of monarchies: absolute monarchies and constitutional monarchies. In an absolute monarchy, the ruler has no limits on their wishes or powers. In a constitutional monarchy a ruler's powers are limited by a document called a constitution.
Governments with oligarchic attributes are ruled by a small group of powerful and/or influential people. These people may spread power equally or not equally. An oligarchy is different from a true democracy because very few people are given the chance to change things. An oligarchy does not have to be hereditary or monarchic. An oligarchy does not have one clear ruler, but several powerful people. Some historical examples of oligarchy are the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Apartheid in South Africa. Fictional oligarchic examples include the dystopian society of Oceania displayed in the book Nineteen Eighty-Four, the stratocracy government of Starship Troopers, and the kritarchic "Street Judges" of Judge Dredd.
Democratic Governments
Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives.
Discuss the central elements of direct and representative democracies
Democracy allows people to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination.
A democratic government contrasts to forms of government where power is either held by one, as in a monarchy, or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in an oligarchy or aristocracy.
Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly. This is different from a representative democracy, in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives.
Representative democracy is a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected people representing a group of people. For example, three countries which use representative democracy are the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Poland.
The concept of representative democracy arose largely from ideas and institutions that developed during the European Middle Ages, the Age of Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions.
direct democracy: Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly, as opposed to a representative democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives. Depending on the particular system in use, it might entail passing executive decisions, making laws, directly electing or dismissing officials and conducting trials. Two leading forms of direct democracy are participatory democracy and deliberative democracy.
representative democracy: Representative democracy is a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected people representing a group of people.
democracy: A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.
Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows people to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic, and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. The term originates from the Greek word: δημοκρατία (dēmokratía), which translates to "rule of the people". This term was used around 400 BCE to denote the political systems then existing in Greek city-states, notably Athens.
A democratic government contrasts two forms of government where power is either held by one, as in a monarchy, or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in an oligarchy or aristocracy. Nevertheless, these oppositions, inherited from Greek philosophy, are now ambiguous because contemporary governments have mixed democratic, oligarchic, and monarchic elements. Several variants of democracy exist, but there are two basic forms, both of which concern how the whole body of citizens executes its will: direct democracy and representative democracy.
French Presidential Election: A woman casts her vote in the second round of the French presidential election of 2007.
Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly. This is different from a representative democracy, in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives. Depending on the particular system in use, it might entail passing executive decisions, making laws, directly electing or dismissing officials, and conducting trials. Two leading forms of direct democracy are participatory democracy and deliberative democracy.
The earliest known direct democracy is said to be the Athenian Democracy in the 5th century BCE, although it was not an inclusive democracy; women, foreigners, and slaves were excluded from it. In the direct democracy of Athens, the electorate did not nominate representatives to vote on legislation and executive bills on their behalf (as in the United States Congress), but instead voted on these items in their own right. Participation was by no means open, but the in-group of participants was constituted with no reference to economic class and they participated on a large scale. The public opinion of voters was remarkably influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters.
Also relevant is the history of Roman republic, beginning circa 449 BCE. The ancient Roman Republic's "citizen lawmaking"—citizen formulation and passage of law, as well as citizen veto of legislature-made law—began about 449 BCE and lasted the approximately 400 years to the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Modern-era citizen lawmaking began in the towns of Switzerland in the 13th century CE. In 1847, the Swiss added the "statute referendum" to their national constitution. Currently in Switzerland, single majorities are sufficient at the town, city, and canton level, but at the national level, double majorities are required on constitutional matters. The intent of the double majorities is simply to ensure any citizen-made law's legitimacy.
Swiss Assemblies: Landsgemeinde, or assembly, of the canton of Glarus, May 7, 2006, Switzerland.
Representative Democracy
Direct democracy was very much opposed by the framers of the United States Constitution and some signatories of the Declaration of Independence. They saw a danger in majorities forcing their will on minorities. As a result, they advocated a representative democracy in the form of a constitutional republic over a direct democracy. For example, James Madison, in Federalist No. 10, advocates a constitutional republic over direct democracy precisely to protect the individual from the will of the majority. Representative democracy is a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected people representing a group of people. For example, three countries which use representative democracy are the United States of America (a representative democracy), the United Kingdom (a constitutional monarchy) and Poland (a republic). It is an element of both the parliamentary system and presidential system of government and is typically used in a lower chamber such as the House of Commons (UK) or Bundestag (Germany).
Democracy in the Contemporary World
According to Freedom House, in 2007 there were 123 electoral democracies – up from 40 in 1972. According to World Forum on Democracy, electoral democracies now represent 120 of the 192 existing countries and constitute 58.2 percent of the world's population. At the same time, liberal democracies—countries Freedom House regards as free and respectful of basic human rights and the rule of law—are 85 in number and represent 38 percent of the global population. In 2010 the United Nations declared September 15 the International Day of Democracy.
Non-Democratic Governments: Authoritarianism, Totalitarianism, and Dictatorship
Unlike democracy, authoritarianism and totalitarianism are forms of government where an individual or a single-party concentrates all power.
Discuss the central features and types of undemocratic governments
An authoritarian government is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime.
An autocracy is a system of government in which a supreme political power is concentrated in the hands of one person; by contrast, a single-party state is a type of party system government in which no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election.
Totalitarianism is an extreme version of authoritarianism – it is a political system where the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever necessary.
A dictatorship (government without people's consent ) is a contrast to democracy (government whose power comes from people) and totalitarianism (government controls every aspect of people's life) opposes pluralism (government allows multiple lifestyles and opinions).
A dictatorship is defined as an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual: a dictator. In contemporary usage, dictatorship refers to an autocratic form of absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other political factors in the state.
Autocratic: Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.
Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority as well as the administration of said authority. In politics, an authoritarian government is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime. Authoritarianism emphasizes arbitrary law rather than the rule of law, including election rigging and political decisions being made by a select group of officials behind closed doors. Authoritarianism is marked by "indefinite political tenure" of an autocratic state or a ruling-party state.
An autocracy is a system of government in which a supreme political power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control. By contrast, a single-party state is a type of party system government in which a single political party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election. Typically, single-party states hold the suppression of political factions, except as transitory issue oriented currents within the single party or permanent coalition as a self-evident good. The Communist Party of China's single-party rule of the People's Republic of China is a prominent contemporary example.
Communist Party of China: XVII Congress of the Communist Party of China held in 2007.
Totalitarianismis an extreme version of authoritarianism. Authoritarianism primarily differs from totalitarianism in that social and economic institutions exist free from governmental control. By contrast, totalitarianism is a political system where the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever necessary. The term 'an authoritarian regime' denotes a state in which the single power holder – an individual 'dictator,' a committee or a junta or an otherwise small group of political elite – monopolizes political power. However, a totalitarian regime attempts to control virtually all aspects of the social life, including economy, education, art, science, private life, and morals of citizens. The concept became prominent in Western anti-communist political discourse during the Cold War era in order to highlight perceived similarities between Nazi Germany and other fascist regimes on the one hand, and Soviet communism on the other.
Zbigniew Brzezinski (1977): A number of thinkers, including Zbigniew Brzezinski, have argued that Nazi and Soviet regimes were equally totalitarian.
Political scientists Carl Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski were primarily responsible for expanding the usage of the term in university social science and professional research, reformulating it as a paradigm for the Soviet Union as well as fascist regimes. For Friedrich and Brzezinski, the defining elements were intended to be taken as a mutually supportive organic entity composed of the following: an elaborating guiding ideology; a single mass party, typically led by a dictator; a system of terror; a monopoly of the means of communication and physical force; and central direction, and control of the economy through state planning. Such regimes had initial origins in the chaos that followed in the wake of World War I, at which point the sophistication of modern weapons and communications enabled totalitarian movements to consolidate power.
A dictatorship is defined as an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual: a dictator. In contemporary usage, dictatorship refers to an autocratic form of absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social and political factors within the state.
For some scholars, a dictatorship is a form of government that has the power to govern without consent of those being governed (similar to authoritarianism), while totalitarianism describes a state that regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior of the people. In other words, dictatorship concerns the source of the governing power and totalitarianism concerns the scope of the governing power. In this sense, dictatorship (government without people's consent) is a contrast to democracy (government whose power comes from people) and totalitarianism (government controls every aspect of people's life) opposes pluralism (government allows multiple lifestyles and opinions).
The wave of military dictatorships in Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century left a particular mark on Latin American culture. In Latin American literature, the dictator novel challenging dictatorship is a significant genre. There are also many films depicting Latin American military dictatorships.
Non-Democratic Governments: Monarchy, Oligarchy, Technocracy, and Theocracy
Some nondemocratic governments can be classified into categories such as monarchies, oligarchies, theocracies and technocracies.
Recognize democratic and non-democratic forms of governance
A monarchy is a form of government in a state is ruled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and rules for life or until abdication.
Oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people. These people could be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, education, corporate, or military control.
Aristocracy is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule; this is usually contrasted with democracy, in which all citizens are able to rule.
Theocracy is a form of government in which religious leaders acting in the place of God rule the state.
Technocracy is a form of government in which experts in technology would be in control of all decision making. Scientists, engineers, and technologists who have knowledge, expertise, or skills, would compose the governing body, instead of politicians, businessmen, and economists.
Theocracy is a form of government in which official policy is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided, or is pursuant to the doctrine of a particular religion or religious group.
meritocracy: Meritocracy, in an administrative sense, is a system of government or other administration wherein appointments and responsibilities are objectively assigned to individuals based upon their "merits" and achievements.
oligarchy: a government run by only a few, often the wealthy
technocracy: A system of governance where people who are skilled or proficient govern in their respective areas of expertise. A type of meritocracy based on people's ability and knowledge in a given area.
junta: The ruling council of a military dictatorship.
The decline of monarchy: Postcard of ruling monarchs, taken in 1908 between February (accession of King Manuel II of Portugal) and November (death of Guangxu Emperor).
Governments tend to fall between traditionally democratic and non-democratic forms. These forms of government are usually distinguished based on who controls the state, how that authority is justified, and in what ways leaders and governments are structurally organized based on these justifications.
A monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in a single individual, the monarch. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and rules for life or until abdication. Monarchs may be autocrats (absolute monarchy) or ceremonial heads of state who exercise little or no power or only reserve power, with actual authority vested in a parliament or other body such as a constitutional assembly.
Monarchs have various titles — king or queen, prince or princess, Malik or Malikah, emperor or empress, duke or grand duke, and Shah. Monarchy is associated with political or sociocultural hereditary rule; most monarchs, both historically and in the modern day, have been born and brought up within a royal family and trained for future duties. However, some monarchies are non-hereditary. In an elective monarchy, the monarch is elected but otherwise serves as any other monarch. Historical examples of elective monarchy include the Holy Roman Emperors and the free election of kings of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Monarchs: This photograph depicts the King of Norway, Bulgaria, Portugal, Greece, Belgium, and Denmark. In a monarchy, the state is controlled by an individual who usually inherits the throne by birth.
Crown Prince & Princess & Emperor Showa & Empress Kojun wedding 1959-4: Japanese Emperor Hirohito, Crown Prince Akihito, Crown Princess Michiko and Empress Nagako, 1959
Monarchies have existed throughout the world, although in recent centuries many states have abolished the monarchy and become republics. Advocacy of republics is called republicanism, while advocacy of monarchies is called monarchism. As of 2010 in Europe, there are twelve monarchies: seven kingdoms, one grand duchy, one papacy, and two principalities, as well as the diarchy of Andorra.
Oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people. These people could be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, education, corporate, or military control. Such states are often controlled by a few prominent families who pass their influence from one generation to the next. Forms of government and other political structures associated with oligarchy usually include aristocracy, meritocracy, plutocracy, military junta, technocracy, and theocracy.
Aristocracy is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule. In the origins in Ancient Greece, it was conceived of as rule by the best qualified citizens, and contrasted with monarchy. In later times, aristocracy was usually seen as rule by a privileged group, the aristocratic class, and contrasted with democracy. Similarly, plutocracy is rule by the wealthy. Unlike systems such as democracy, plutocracy is not rooted in a political philosophy and has no advocates; the term is only used in a pejorative sense. Examples of plutocracies include the Roman Republic, some city-states in Ancient Greece, the civilization of Carthage, the Italian city-states/merchant republics of Venice, Florence, Genoa, and pre-World War II Empire of Japan zaibatsu.
Other Forms of Governance
Iran's Theocracy: Iran is an example of a theocracy. Ali Khamenei, depicted here, current holds the position of Supreme Leader in Iran. The Supreme Leader is a religious figure who has arguably the most political power in Iran.
Technocracy is a form of government in which experts in technology would be in control of all decision making. Scientists, engineers, and technologists who have knowledge, expertise, or skills, would compose the governing body instead of politicians, businessmen, and economists. In a technocracy, decision makers would be selected based upon how knowledgeable and skillful they are in their field.
Theocracy is a form of government in which official policy is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided, or is pursuant to the doctrine of a particular religion or religious group. Theocracy essentially means rule by a church or analogous religious leadership; a state in which the goal is to direct the population towards God and in which God himself is the theoretical "head of the state".
An Islamic state is a state that has adopted Islam, specifically Sharia (Islamic Law), as its foundations for political institutions, or laws, exclusively, and has implemented the Islamic ruling system and is therefore a theocracy. Although there is much debate as to which states or groups operate strictly according to Islamic Law, Sharia is the official basis for state laws in the following countries: Yemen, Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Mauritania, Oman and Iran.
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Around the nation: Baby panda gets a nmae
FROM WIRE REPORTS Dec. 1, 2013 Updated: Dec. 1, 2013 10:24 p.m.
WASHINGTON - Call her Bao Bao.
The National Zoo revealed the name of its baby giant panda on Sunday, celebrating the second surviving cub to be born there.
More than 123,000 votes cast from around the world determined the name of the panda, according to the zoo's Twitter feed. Voters selected Bao Bao, which means "precious" or "treasure," from five Mandarin Chinese options.
The cub was born in August, but in accordance with Chinese tradition, the zoo did not name her until 100 days after her birth.
Police take dim view of man tossing cash
BLOOMINGTON - A 29-year-old Minnesota man who says he was trying to spread holiday cheer by tossing 1,000 dollar bills over an upper floor railing at the Mall of America has been cited for disorderly conduct.
Serge Vorobyov, of Apple Valley, admitted throwing his "last $1,000" from the fourth floor on Friday as a choir performed "Let it Snow." Vorobyov said he also kept tossing cash as he continued down the escalator.
Vorobyov said he's going through a divorce, lost his car hauling business and hoped the positivity of throwing the money would come back to him.
"I wanted to do some sort of pay it forward kind of thing," Vorobyov said Sunday.
Mother, daughter identified in fatal buggy crash
PITTSBURGH - State police say a mother and her daughter died in a fatal collision between a truck and a horse-drawn Amish buggy in northwestern Pennsylvania.
Authorities say 34-year-old Mary Byler, of New Wilmington, and her 11-year-old daughter, whose name was withheld, died in the crash Saturday. Byler's husband, 35-year-old William Byler, was seriously injured and flown to St. Elizabeth Health Center in Youngstown, Ohio.
Emergency dispatchers say the incident happened late Saturday afternoon, about 60 miles northwest of Pittsburgh. The truck was driven by 36-year-old Matthew Coulter, of Pulaski. His condition wasn't available. Both victims were pronounced dead at the scene.
Researchers find way to pinpoint tainted pot
WEST HAVEN- The University of New Haven is developing a new process for identifying mold, bacteria and other contaminants in marijuana by using DNA profiling and analysis.
Contaminated pot has become a concern across the country as states work to regulate marijuana. Twenty states and Washington, D.C., now allow the use of medical marijuana, and Washington state and Colorado have legalized recreational pot use.
Some states already have regulations requiring contaminant testing and other states are doing the same, spawning a new marijuana testing industry.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Sask. art gallery reviewing 2,000 pieces following return of stolen Indian statue – CBC.ca
A Saskatchewan art gallery is investigating 2,000 pieces in its collection following the return of a stolen statue to India.
CBC News was recently granted access to the basement vault of Regina's MacKenzie Art Gallery, where namesake Norman MacKenzie's journals and records are stored. They detail MacKenzie's theft of the Indian statue, but also raise questions about other pieces he acquired from China, Syria and elsewhere.
Galleries and museums across North America and Europe are facing demands to return pieces looted from other countries. Some say it's also time to debate whether names like MacKenzie should remain on those buildings.
"Institutions — whether they're local, provincial, national — all created a colonial narrative. The narrative was one of defeat. It's a colonial story," said Gerald McMaster, a Canada research chair at the Ontario College of Art and Design (OCAD) and director at the Wapatah Centre for Indigenous Visual Knowledge.
"I think the reckoning is coming."
Hundreds attended a ceremony last month to see the return of the Annapurna statue. It was installed at Kashi Vishwanath temple in the city of Varanasi. (Press Trust of India)
The MacKenzie gallery's CEO John Hampton recently escorted CBC News to a basement door marked "Vault," keying in a series of security codes before entering. After donning blue latex gloves, Hampton opened a drawer containing MacKenzie's original dictated ledgers from his 1913 world trips.
MacKenzie had moved to Regina from Ontario years earlier and established a thriving law practice. His growing art collection was almost totally destroyed during the 1912 Regina Cyclone, the deadliest tornado in Canadian history, which killed 28 people.
MacKenzie and his wife then embarked on the first of two world tours to replace and enhance his decimated collection.
The story of the statue
Hampton opened the large, black leather-bound book and flipped through page after page of photos and descriptions of each piece. It included the story of the Indian statue.
MacKenzie had apparently dictated the story at some point after returning: He and his guide were rowing down the Ganges River in the holy city of Varanasi, then called Benares, when they came upon a Hindu temple.
He saw three stone statues at the edge of a pool filled with red liquid. MacKenzie assumed it was sacrificial blood, but gallery officials say it was most likely coloured with "sindoor," a red powder used in ceremonies.
Gail Chin, seen here at the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, has reviewed the Chinese collection at the MacKenzie Art Gallery. In a 2010 paper, she wrote MacKenzie 'wished for others to stand in awe of his taste, wealth and social position.' (Submitted by Gail Chin)
MacKenzie talked to a man there who agreed to steal one of the statues. Later that night, the man brought all three to MacKenzie's hotel room.
MacKenzie said he'd only buy one, because he knew it was "a most serious offence" and he could have "gotten into trouble" with the British colonial government if he tried to smuggle out all three. MacKenzie told the man to return to the scene and put back the other two statues.
But he took the third statue — depicting goddess Annapurna — back home to Saskatchewan, where it remained for the past 108 years.
In the ledger entry, as with others, MacKenzie appears proud to have spirited out the rare religious artifact.
"This is the idol that I saw the people worshipping … and is a good sample of the type of idol which is used by the poorer classes," MacKenzie said.
Two years ago, visiting Winnipeg artist Divya Mehra raised questions about the statue, initially because it was mislabeled. Gallery officials investigated, concluded it belonged to the people of Varanasi and voluntarily returned it.
Upon its return last month, the Annapurna statue was draped in colourful robes and flowers and taken on a multi-city tour. Hindu faithful lined the streets to catch a glimpse of the procession to Varanasi.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who represents Varanasi in parliament, lauded its return. He also thanked gallery officials and the University of Regina, which was bequeathed MacKenzie's collection after his death in 1936.
'Mixed emotions'
It was important for Annapurna to return home, said Hampton.
"There's definitely mixed emotions that we're all feeling here now; proud that we could take these steps, but also regret and shame, thinking that for over 100 years, she's been gone from that territory and stewarded at the MacKenzie for so long without the same sense of care that she receives in that home community," he said.
Ledgers from Norman MacKenzie's world tours are housed inside the Regina gallery named after him. They were used to conclude he stole a statue from India, and there are now questions about other acquisitions. (Matt Howard/CBC)
There are now questions over other works in the MacKenzie collection.
MacKenzie's tours took him across Asia; he amassed a particularly large collection from China. At the time, many desperate, starving Chinese people were selling anything they had to survive.
According to MacKenzie's own notes — which are also chronicled in a 2010 journal article by University of Regina professor emeritus Gail Chin — he talked to a Japanese diplomat about his desire to possess a "valuable Chinese idol."
The man directed MacKenzie to two temples in the city of Soochow, now called Suzhou, where MacKenzie would find a monk "so hungry that he would trade food for an icon."
That's exactly what MacKenzie did. He placed the icon in his hand luggage and brought it back to Canada. That bronze, seated Buddha is still sitting in the MacKenzie Art Gallery's basement.
Chin has researched MacKenzie's Chinese collection, including the Buddha statue. In the 2010 article, she said MacKenzie's goal of bringing the world's art to the Canadian Prairies was noble on one level. But looking closer, she wrote, MacKenzie "wished for others to stand in awe of his taste, wealth and social position."
In an interview with CBC News this week, Chin was asked how she feels about Norman MacKenzie today. She paused for several seconds before answering.
"Well, I suspect that Norman MacKenzie would probably ask me to shine his shoes," said Chin, a third-generation Chinese Canadian.
"That was the social order back then, and I accept that. Society has changed, evolved. At least I hope so. Because along with Indigenous people, we all hope and pray for reconciliation."
MacKenzie Art Gallery CEO John Hampton says Norman MacKenzie worked hard to make art accessible to all, but he needs to be held accountable for how some of his collection was acquired. (Matt Howard/CBC)
There are also questions about MacKenzie's acquisitions of sacred religious items from other countries.
In 1930, MacKenzie bought a sculpture used in a funeral service in the Syrian region of Palmyra from controversial dealer Edgar Banks.
According to the journal Syria Archeology, Art and History, Banks looted dozens of sites across the Middle East and had been fired by the University of Chicago and other institutions for his unscrupulous practices in the years before that sale to MacKenzie.
Reconciliation as a central goal
The MacKenzie collection also contains scores of North American Indigenous art. Much of that was purchased directly from First Nations artists, but it will all be part of the 2,000-piece review now underway, Hampton said, who grew up in Regina and is a citizen of the Chickasaw Nation in the southern U.S.
Not all First Nations or international art was stolen or obtained unethically, said McMaster, a citizen of the Siksika Nation in Alberta, who grew up on the Red Pheasant Cree Nation near North Battleford, Sask.
But much of it was, he said, and the truth must come out.
The "colonial mentality" that allowed MacKenzie to steal art is the same mentality that allowed powerful white men to create the residential school system, McMaster said.
The MacKenzie Art Gallery is housed at the University of Regina, which was bequeathed the collection after Norman MacKenzie's death in 1936. (Matt Howard/CBC)
McMaster said three things need to happen at the MacKenzie and other galleries after the truth is exposed.
First, the talents and rights of these artists and cultures must be acknowledged.
Second, items must be returned to their rightful owners and communities, wherever possible.
Third, it's time to debate whether to keep names like MacKenzie on galleries and museums.
Floyd Favel, the curator of the Chief Poundmaker Museum, a new gallery and museum on the Poundmaker Cree Nation near North Battleford, Sask., agreed. His main goal is to repatriate any items stolen from his First Nation.
"One of the root causes of major institutions being in possession of stolen art or artifacts is due to racism; those institutions feeling that those people or that artist or that group is not worthy of that very beautiful work of art, whereas we are, because we're colonialists and we have a big museum," said Favel.
It's unclear how long the MacKenzie investigation will take. The gallery hopes to hire someone dedicated to that work and is searching for funding sources, Hampton said.
While some of MacKenzie's actions were deplorable, Hampton said, any discussion should balance these "very glaring blind spots" with the positive aspects. For example, MacKenzie was a firm believer that art should be seen by all, even hosting exhibitions for the general public in his own home.
As for the gallery itself — which opened two decades after MacKenzie's death — it was the first in Canada to host a show by Indigenous artists. Many of its curators and senior staff in recent years are Indigenous and from other diverse backgrounds. And reconciliation through art is now one of the gallery's central goals, said Hampton.
"I think that there's still a lot to admire about Norman MacKenzie and how he went about building his collection and thinking about the community here," he said. "There's a lot to be celebrated, and then there's these elements that he needs to be held accountable."
Northern Ireland collective wins the prestigious Turner Prize for art – Boise State Public Radio
Restoration of Michelangelo's Pieta statue in Florence reveals flaws in marble
Sonia Ulebor
The restoration of Michelangelo's famed Pieta dell'Opera del Duomo in Florence has revealed that the single block of marble from which the masterpiece was sculpted was flawed, offering a likely reason for why it was abandoned before it was completed.
The statue, better known as the Bandini Pieta, represents the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene holding the body of Christ as he is taken down from the cross by a man, Nicodemus, whose face is the self-portrait of the Italian Renaissance artist.
"It's a Pieta that has suffered and is very intimate… it is a really personal statue," Beatrice Agostini, director of the restoration project, told Reuters.
The works of restoration confirmed that the 2,700 kg piece of marble had veins and numerous minute cracks, particularly on the base, which may have been the reason for Michelangelo's decision to stop working on the sculpture before finishing it, a statement said.
The artist had initially planned to place the sculpture next to his tomb but only years after beginning to sculpt it, in the mid 1500s, a then 75-year old Michelangelo decided to abandon the masterpiece, giving it as a gift to a servant, who then sold it to a banker, Francesco Bandini.
Restorers did not find any sign of hammer blows, making it unlikely the widespread hypothesis that an unhappy Michelangelo tried to destroy the sculpture in a moment of frustration, the statement added.
The non-invasive restoration started in 2019 but was interrupted several times due to the COVID-19 epidemic. Deposits were removed from the sculpture's surface, which was then cleaned, bringing it back to its original hue.
The project was commissioned and directed by the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore and was financed by U.S. non-profit organization Friends of Florence.
"The operation has restored to the world the beauty of one of Michelangelo's most intense and troubled masterpieces," a joint statement said.
Visitors have been able to witness all stages of the process as the statue was always on display, in an open laboratory, on a platform, behind a glass screen.
(Reporting by Matteo Berlenga in Florence, writing by Giulia Segreti in Rome, editing by Angus MacSwan)
Art Beat: Arts Council keeps its friends close – Coast Reporter
Until Feb. 6, the Sunshine Coast Arts Council is exhibiting works by its members in a variety of mediums.
The annual "Friends of the Gallery" show is hosted in the Doris Crowston Gallery of the Sunshine Coast Arts Centre, at 5714 Medusa Street, in Sechelt.
Now in its 20th year, the "Friends" event began as a way to encourage emerging artists. Today, individual artists from the community are invited to submit one piece of work they completed in the previous year to be shown in the group exhibition.
Artworks are also available for purchase.
Youth Urged to Float Beachcombers-Inspired Creations
The Sunshine Coast Writers and Editors Society describes itself as "a magnet for creative souls on the Coast." To mark this year's golden jubilee of The Beachcombers, the iconic CBC Television program, the society is seeking to attract young creative souls through an art and writing contest.
Various types of submissions are welcome, including short stories, creative nonfiction, poetry, scripts, cover artwork and colouring for the planned anthology and exhibit.
Written entries must contain at least one reference to The Beachcombers, the Coast or the beach. Allusions to jet boat manoeuvres and amicable ribbing at the lunch counter of Molly's Reach are likely assets as well.
Details are online on the Society's website at scwes.ca. Submissions must be received by midnight on June 1.
Family Literacy Week: Tales on Trails
The Province of British Columbia has proclaimed Jan. 24 to 31 as Family Literacy Week, marking the fifth successive year that Family Literacy Day (Jan. 27) has overflowed with a sevenfold increase in bookish intensity.
"Children's literacy skills expand and grow much faster when families read, play and learn together," said Jennifer Whiteside, B.C.'s Minister of Education. "Family Literacy Week is a great opportunity to focus on dynamic ways to support our youngest learners so they can develop the skills they need to succeed in their school years and beyond."
Decoda Literacy Solutions, a province-wide literacy organization, is hosting a photo contest. Participants may take a photo using a "Let's Be Active" theme and submit it by email to contest@decoda.ca or post it on social media using these hashtags: #LetsBeActive and #FLW2022. There will be a class prize and a prize for individuals.
To mark the occasion, the Gibsons and District Public Library has encouraged families to host "reading walks" in which families and individuals stroll through local parks, reading along to stories.
The Coast Reporter encourages all such literary ramblers to glance up from time to time, in order to avoid mid-chapter collisions incurred while covering one's tracks.
Library Line: Parrott Art Gallery open to viewers online – Belleville Intelligencer
By Wendy Rayson-Kerr
Although the Parrott Gallery is closed until at least January 26 due to public health restrictions, we are still working to bring you art. We hope that our awesome gallery supporters will sign onto our website to view new virtual exhibitions, participate in online art workshops and register for free Armchair Traveller presentations on Zoom. We'll also be increasing our social media posts, so please follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to view artwork from our current exhibitions as well as from our permanent collection, because everyone could use a little more art in their life right now!
Coming next: The Bay of Quinte Modern Quilt Guild is presenting an exhibition called, "Outside the Block" which will be available to view online through our website starting on Saturday, January 22. The traditional Log Cabin Quilt design, generally speaking, starts with a center shape which is surrounded by strips of coloured pieces that follow a specific sequence of light and dark patterning. Colours have meanings in these quilts, whose shapes can be seen to symbolize log cabins with both dark and sunny corners, and much has been written about their connection to North American pioneers. In our upcoming exhibition, this traditional pattern has been given a modern interpretation. The twenty quilters represented in this group show have all used the Log Cabin Quilt pattern as their inspiration, resulting with an assortment of unique designs. Each artwork is as original as the artists themselves, and we certainly hope you will log in to view them on our website (for now) as well as get the chance to view them in our gallery in the near future.
Another exhibition that will soon be available to view online is called "Corona and Friends" by George Kratz. This prolific Stirling artist has assembled a large collection of paintings that he has been working on over the past two decades. He describes his Corona series as, "an abstract journey" which he completed during the pandemic. The earlier work in his Friends series is equally intense, full of symbolism both borrowed and unique to the artist. George Kratz is a story-teller and this exhibition tells the story of vivid colour, strong lines and imagery you will not soon forget.
Both of these online shows will be available to view in person when we are allowed to re-open our doors once again.
We continue to offer Online Acrylic Pouring Workshops at the Parrott Gallery. These monthly projects are meant for beginners and skilled artists alike, and are the perfect way to learn knew creative skills. Prepared and presented by Warkworth artist Sheila Wright, these workshops are fun and easy to complete. Each kit costs thirty dollars and contains all you will need to create a unique artwork, including materials and video instructions. The January project is a painting called "Rainbow Swipe" and the deadline to register is Saturday, January 22. Please email us at gallery@bellevillelibrary.ca or call us as 613-968-6731 x 2040 if you are interested or would like more information.
On February 19, Photographer Lydia Dotto will be sharing her online Armchair Traveller presentation on the Antarctic. From the comfort of your own home you can take a journey across the globe, for free! "The Antarctic: Abundance of Life" is your chance to view a place that most of us will never have the chance to visit. You can register for this live Zoom presentation through our website. When we re-open our doors, our Corridor Gallery will feature the photography of Susan and Clint Guy, in a show they have called "India: The Golden Triangle". Plans for an in-person presentation are also under way, so stay tuned for this next part of our Armchair Traveller Series.
We know 2022 is going to be an exciting year of exhibitions and programs here at the Parrott Gallery, so we won't let the current closures discourage us. We hope that we will be open for in-person viewing again soon.
Wendy Rayson-Kerr is the Acting Curator of the John M. Parrott Art Gallery
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Football: Vote your pick for Rockland County Player of the Year
Spring Valley's Jayden Cook, Clarkstown North's Dupree Darden and Clarkstown South's Drew Tallevi are Rockland Football Player of the Year candidates.
Football: Vote your pick for Rockland County Player of the Year Spring Valley's Jayden Cook, Clarkstown North's Dupree Darden and Clarkstown South's Drew Tallevi are Rockland Football Player of the Year candidates. Check out this story on lohud.com: https://www.lohud.com/story/sports/high-school/lohud-varsity-insider/2018/11/30/football-vote-your-pick-rockland-county-player-year/2155380002/
Varsity Insider
Josh Thomson, Rockland/Westchester Journal News Published 7:00 a.m. ET Nov. 30, 2018 | Updated 7:50 a.m. ET Nov. 30, 2018
Our choice for the Rockland County Football Player of the Year will be announced Dec. 5 along with the rest of the All-County selections. Those final choices were determined during a meeting with the football coaches and Journal News/lohud.com's Josh Thomson, but it will include a mention of your choice, too.
Vote now for the finalists who you think had the best season. Read their credentials below and cast your vote before noon on Tuesday, Dec. 4.
And if you can't see the poll, please click here to vote!
Who was the Football Player of the Year in Rockland?
Spring Valley's Jayden Cook (2) pulls in a kick return for a touchdown during their 49-22 loss to Clarkstown North at Spring Valley High School on Friday, September 21, 2018. (Photo: John Meore/The Journal News)
Jayden Cook, Spring Valley
Cook, who played running back, wide receiver, linebacker and more, had a hand in 22 touchdowns. He rushed for 10, caught seven, returned two kickoffs, one punt, one fumble and one interceptions for touchdowns. He also threw a TD pass.
SUPER 11 PROFILE: Spring Valley's Jayden Cook
The North Rockland transfer had 1,962 all-purpose yards, including 845 rushing (third in the county) and 634 receiving (third in the county). Cook was named all-section and offensive MVP of the Senior Game. He was also his league's defensive back of the year.
Clarkstown North's Dupree Darden (21) in action against Harrison at Harrison High School on Friday, August 31, 2018. (Photo: John Meore/The Journal News)
Dupree Darden, Clarkstown North
Darden, a senior running back, rushed for 1,567 yards and 24 touchdowns, both of which are believed to be school records. He was third in Section 1 in rushing yards to John Jay's Bryce Ford and tied Ford for first in the Section in rushing touchdowns.
Darden was a workhorse, rushing 254 times in 10 games. He was named all-section and was his league's offensive back of the year.
Clarkstown South quarterback Drew Tallevi (12) fires a pass during their 28-7 win over Clarkstown North in the 20th playing of the supervisors cup at Clarkstown High School North in New City on Friday, September 28, 2018. (Photo: John Meore/The Journal News)
Drew Tallevi, Clarkstown South
Tallevi, a senior quarterback, went 91 for 137 (66.4 percent) and passed for 1,536 yards and 21 touchdowns against just two interceptions. It was the second-highest single-season passing total in school history. The passing TD are believed to be the most in County history.
Tallevi ranked sixth in Section 1 in passing yards and was third in touchdowns. His team finished this season 8-1 and was the No. 1 seed in the Class A tournament.
In two seasons as the starting QB, Tallevi finished 15-4 and won two league titles in two years. He was recently named Scholar-Athlete of the Week.
WESTCHESTER-PUTNAM:Vote your pick for Westchester/Putnam Player of the Year
RANKINGS:Our final football power rankings
Follow Josh Thomson on Twitter and Instagram at @lohudinsider.
Read or Share this story: https://www.lohud.com/story/sports/high-school/lohud-varsity-insider/2018/11/30/football-vote-your-pick-rockland-county-player-year/2155380002/
Tom Whelan All-Sports Awards: Winners to be revealed July 10
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Every year we celebrate the feast of Transfiguration. This year it will be on August 6.
Our transfiguration is a gift and an assignment. We have an example of it in the Consecrated Virgins who with their life are called to be special witnesses of the Presence of God who is light and gives light.
The virgin person remains a witness of a divine presence.
The Virgins have committed themselves to live the participation to Christ's mystery in the body and in the spirit. From this comes the fact that the virgin is a constant demonstration of the transfiguring divine presence in the world. The necessity of consecrated virginity is born from here. We cannot oppose tomorrow's sky to today's earth. The world is one; there are no two worlds. The world is only one but for us that do not live yet a human transfiguration, the divine world stays hidden. We believe in it but it remains hidden.
The Virgins reveal it and in their poverty of life are 'rich" of God. "It is in You that they have all because it is You that they prefer to all" (Rite of the Consecration of the Virgins, 24; at the end of the solemn prayer of consecration). Christ's poverty was fundamental, continuous and wanted: "On his naked body on the Cross the signs of his love were visible and readable for all" ( Primo Mazzolari, The Way of the Cross of the Poor, Rome 1977, page 143). We can be enriched by this love if we become poor and ask for it as it is testified by the Consecrated Virgins.


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Cairo Nile Shuttle contracts fibreglass company to manufacture Nile taxis - Daily News Egypt
Business Cairo Nile Shuttle contracts fibreglass company to manufacture Nile taxis
Cairo Nile Shuttle contracts fibreglass company to manufacture Nile taxis
The River Transport Authority is considering the possibility of issuing an experimental operating license for river taxi activities in cooperation with other government bodies involved with Nile River navigation.
Daily News Egypt July 21, 2014 2 Comments
Manufacturing costs of a taxi units that accommodates 10-passengers to cost EGP 100,000.
(Photo Courtesy of Nile Taxi's Facebook page)
By Islam Atris
Cairo Nile Shuttle (CNS), which specialises in river taxi services on the Nile, has contracted fibreglass manufacturer M3 to produce new river taxis, said chairman Karim Al-Sabh.
He added that the taxi units will be of various sizes, ranging from units that can accommodate 10, 20, and up to 33 passengers. Manufacturing costs range between EGP 100,000 for a 10-passenger taxi to EGP 1m for a 33-passenger taxi.
Al-Sabh explained that the river taxi units will operate for no less than 18 hours per day, and that they will be equipped with night vision devices, radar, and GPS as well as taxi and passenger insurance. The taxis will also boast air conditioning, WiFi internet, and satellite television.
He said that the idea of a river taxi was born out of the intense automobile traffic experienced on the road east of the Nile between Shubra and Helwan, in addition to the proliferation of environmental pollution as a result of vehicle exhaust.
Al-Sabh said that bureaucracy, and outdated labour laws led to delays for CNS to utilise a grant from the World Bank for $20m in the 1990s to develop waterway tourism in Upper Egypt and tourist cruises in the area.
The River Transport Authority is considering the possibility of issuing an experimental operating license for river taxi activities in cooperation with other government bodies involved with Nile River navigation. One of the companies operating in the river taxi sector asked to be granted licenses to practice activities experimentally for one year by utilising the ports of one of the Nile clubs in Maadi.
Engineer Samir Salama, chairman of the Central Administration for Maritime Affairs at the River Transport Authority, said in previous statements that a river taxi plan will have an indirect positive impact on the poor or citizens with limited incomes who use public transportation, because roads will be cleared of private cars and taxis.
There will be direct benefits for the environment as air pollution will be reduced and subsidised fuel consumption will decrease, he argued, and costs for road maintenance will also dwindle. The project targets rich and middle class citizens who use private cars or taxis in Cairo's streets, especially along the Corniche to travel to specific locations along the waterway from Aga-Khan, Shubra and Helwan.
Translated from Al-Borsa newspaper
Topics: cairo Daily News Egypt Helwan Maadi nile Public Transportation Shubra
https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/07/21/cairo-nile-shuttle-contracts-fibreglass-company-manufacture-nile-taxis/


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Often asked: How To Get To Barnet Fc By Train?
1 How much do Barnet players get paid?
2 Where is Barnet football ground?
3 When did Barnet move to the hive?
4 Do hashtags pay United players?
5 How much money do League 2 players earn?
6 Which league is Barnet in?
7 Where do Tottenham ladies play home games?
8 Who owns Barnet FC?
9 Where do Tottenham ladies train?
10 How did Barnet get in the playoffs?
11 Who is Barnet manager?
12 Is hashtag United a real team?
13 Why is Spencer called Owen?
14 Why did Harry leave hashtag United?
How much do Barnet players get paid?
Barnet football club published accounts last season turning a miserly profit of £6209 on a turnover of £2 million, (barely enough to cover John Terry's salary for two months). The 24 players in the Barnet squad earn an average of about £40,000 (a year, that is).
Where is Barnet football ground?
Barnet F.C. Barnet F.C. The Hive Stadium is a stadium in Canons Park, north-west London, on the former site of the Prince Edward Playing Fields in the London Borough of Harrow.
When did Barnet move to the hive?
After spending 106 years at their old Underhill ground, the Club moved to the Hive Stadium in 2013. Originally envisioned as a site for a new ground for Wealdstone FC, Barnet were able to take over the project, when Wealdstone encountered financial difficulties.
Do hashtags pay United players?
Do Hashtag United Players Get Paid? The footballers don't get paid, but their eSports team, who play the video game FIFA professionally and are ranked among the best in the world at it, are paid.
You might be interested: What Shops Are In Brent Cross Retail Park?
How much money do League 2 players earn?
Highest Paid League Two Player The average highest-earner in League Two is on just over £114,000 per year. That comes in at little over £2,000 per week. While that's an extremely healthy salary, and several times above the national average, it is drastically lower than even the top League One earners.
Which league is Barnet in?
National League FA Cup FA Trophy Барнет / Лиги Barnet Football Club /ˈbɑːrnɪt/ is a professional football club based in Edgware, North-west London, England. The team compete in the National League, the fifth tier of the English football league system.
Where do Tottenham ladies play home games?
Ground. Tottenham Hotspur Ladies moved home grounds to Cheshunt in 2016, moving from Barrows Farm stadium. However, the alternative first team stadium stayed the same, as Goffs Lane. On 5 June 2019, the club announced that their 2019–20 season home matches will be played at The Hive Stadium.
Who owns Barnet FC?
Anthony Andrew Kleanthous (born January 1966) is the current chairman of Barnet Football Club. He became the youngest football chairman to enter the football league when he bought the club in 1994.
Where do Tottenham ladies train?
Tottenham Hotspur Women will play their first football match under their new manager Rehanne Skinner this Sunday, against Brighton & Hove Albion at The Hive in Edgware. However, starting now, the club will be training at Tottenham's Hotspur Way complex, the same location as the men's and youth teams.
How did Barnet get in the playoffs?
Following a vote by National League clubs, the Bees will take part in the Vanarama National League play-offs. As a result, Darren Currie's side will compete in the play-offs for a chance of promotion to the Football League!
You might be interested: FAQ: What Is The Barnet Formula?
Who is Barnet manager?
Barnet Football Club are delighted to announce the appointment of Tim Flowers as the Clubs new First Team Manager. Flowers joins the Bees with significant experience both on the pitch and in the dugout during his career.
Is hashtag United a real team?
Where are Hashtag United from? The club is a semi-professional side based in Pitsea, Essex, and compete in the Essex Senior League, the ninth level of the English football pyramid. Their badge includes their home colours, yellow and blue, with their name adorned along the horizontal lines of a hashtag symbol.
Why is Spencer called Owen?
Even though he refers to himself as Spencer Owen, Carmichael-Brown is his actual surname, because of the Twitter profiles of his closest family members and that his full name in his verified Kickstarter account is Spencer Owen Carmichael Brown. Spencer is the owner of semi-pro football team, Hashtag United.
Why did Harry leave hashtag United?
Harry Hesketh has announced his retirement from FIFA esports after making a 'mum joke' towards a 15-year-old rival. He announced his retirement from FIFA esports his YouTube channel, with Hesketh also confirming he would now focus on content creation.


Many currently installed mail clients (and presumably other SSL users) still use SSL v2 be default. SSL v2 is at best cryptographically suspect. For an LTS release, configs should be pushed to SSLv3 or TLS. The goal is to minimize use of SSL v2 in standard/supported LTS configurations.
This blueprint will require a survey of SSL/TLS using packages in the distro and identifying both new install and upgrade configurations.
dendrobates: This should already be done. So, let's get to work.


Add to CompareAdd to Wish List DIY 4-wheel Motor Smart Car Chassis Robot Kit Speed Encoder For Arduino!
DIY 4-wheel Motor Smart Car Chassis Robot Kit Speed Encoder For Arduino!
DIY 4-wheel Motor Smart Car Chassis Robot Kit Speed Encoder For Arduino 4WD Mobile Platform It ha..
FPV Mount Kit 2-Axis Servo SG90 Specification: ** Weight : 12 g ** Size : 22 x 1..


I'm at a point in app development where I have to decide how to publish a free ad version as well as a paid version with no ads and additional features. I'm using Unity, and since I'm fairly new to the Unity environment, I'm in the middle of figuring out a way to make a custom build pipeline so that I can share code, yet save two different configurations.
On one hand, it's very clear to the user that there is a free and paid app, since they are different listings in the Play Store. But if I can't figure out multiple project settings in Unity, I'll have to manually change settings before publishing each version, which can be very error prone.
But on the other hand, it seems simpler to just support in-app purchases and allow users to simply unlock the free version right inside the game. The drawback to this method though, is that this requires the app to have the billing permission enabled, which some users aren't always receptive to allowing.
I may go the route of doing the in-app unlock, and perhaps put up a paid version listing later on.
This entry was posted in Design, Dev, Industry. Bookmark the permalink.


DID YOU KNOW... our Yellow Rose Organic eggs are coming from Sebeka, MN? They raise 1,000 chickens on 260+ acres. Each "class" (year) of chickens are kept separate and are in "tractors" to rotate feeding on the field. They only eat the fresh pasture stuff and an ancient grain called Emmer. Though the chickens are mostly indoors now due to the cold, they do have the freedom to go outside year round and some of them do like the cold a bit and do go outside even now. Brave souls!


text:
/* GLOBALS */
body { font:62.5% helvetica, verdana, sans-serif; background:#fff url(../images/bg-container.jpg) center 150px no-repeat; color:#000; }
#container { width:659px; margin:0 auto; }
input { border:1px solid #999; padding:2px; }
button { cursor:pointer; }
.content { height:427px; margin:0 34px 0 39px; clear:both; }
.alt { margin:0 50px 0 65px; }
h2 { font-size:1.8em; margin:0 0 10px 0; }
#name-title { font-size:2.2em; }
p { font-size:1.2em; }
strong { font-weight:bold; }
.hidden { display:none !important; }

#install-notice { margin:50px 100px; text-align:center; }

	/* CONFIRM */
	.confirm { text-align:center; }
	.confirm h2 { margin:30px 0; }
	#del-confirm { font-size:1.8em; padding-top:40px; }
	#del-confirm li { display:inline; padding:0 20px; }
	#yes a { color:#f00; text-decoration:none; font-size:1.2em; }
	#no a { color:#000; text-decoration:none; }
	#yes a:hover, #no a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }

/* HEADER */
#header { height:100px; }
	h1#logo { float:left; width:197px; height:67px; background:url(../images/logo.jpg) left 12px no-repeat; margin:17px 0 0 0; }
	h1#logo a { display:block; width:197px; height:67px; overflow:hidden; text-indent:-9999px; }
	#header form { width:180px; float:right; margin:40px 0 0 0; }
	#header input { display:block; float:left; width:125px; }
	#header #reset { display:block; float:left; width:16px; height:16px; overflow:hidden; text-indent:-9999px; background:url(../images/icons/delete.png); border:0; padding:0; margin:3px 0 0 6px; }
	#header legend, #header label, button#submit { display:none; }

/* HOME */
.group-list { width:280px; height:200px; float:left; margin:0 0 0 12px; }
.group-list ul { height:400px; font-size:1.3em; overflow:auto; }
.group-list li { margin:1px 0; padding:3px 0 3px 23px; }
.group-list a { display:block; color:#000; text-decoration:none; }
.group-list a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }
#companies li { background:url(../images/icons/group.png) left center no-repeat; }
#people li { background:url(../images/icons/vcard.png) left center no-repeat; }

/* ADMIN */
#admin { clear:both; padding:20px 0 0 0; font-size:1.1em; }
#admin li { padding:0.5em 0 0 23px; width:auto; }
#admin a { color:#000; text-decoration:none; display:block; height:1.4em; }
#add-contact { background:url(../images/icons/vcard_add.png) left center no-repeat; float:right; margin-right:50px; }
#del-contact { background:url(../images/icons/vcard_delete.png) left center no-repeat; float:left; margin-left:50px; }
#edit-contact { background:url(../images/icons/vcard_edit.png) left center no-repeat; float:right; margin-right:50px; }
#admin a:hover { text-decoration:underline; }

/* ICONS */
.icon-name { background:url(../images/icons/user.png) left center no-repeat; }
.icon-company { background:url(../images/icons/group.png) left center no-repeat; }
.icon-phone { background:url(../images/icons/phone.png) left center no-repeat; }
.icon-email { background:url(../images/icons/email.png) left center no-repeat; }
.icon-address { background:url(../images/icons/house.png) left center no-repeat; }

/* ADD CONTACT */
#contact-add legend { font-size:2em; margin:0 0 10px 0; }
#contact-add div { clear:both; padding:10px 0 0 0; overflow:hidden; }
#contact-add label { display:block; float:left; width:150px; color:#999; padding:4px 0 0 26px; font-size:1.5em; }
#contact-add input { display:block; float:left; width:200px; }

	/* PHONE NUMBER */
	#contact-add div { padding-top:20px; }
	#data-phone div, #data-address div { clear:none; float:left; padding-top:0; margin:0 5px 0 0; }
	#phone-number { width:400px; }
	#extension { width:130px; }
	#extension label { width:30px; float:left; padding-left:5px; }
	#extension input { width:40px; float:left; }

	/* ADDRESS */
	#contact-add #data-address { margin:0 0 0 175px; padding-top:10px; }
	#data-address label { display:none; }
	#address-city { width:108px; }
	#address-city input { width:102px; }
	#address-state { width:34px; }
	#address-state input { width:28px; }
	#address-zip { width:59px; }
	#address-zip input { width:49px; }

	/* BUTTONS */
	#contact-add .buttons { clear:both; text-align:right; }
	#contact-add .buttons button, #contact-add .buttons a { padding:0.3em 0 0.3em 20px; border:0; background:#fff; margin:20px 10px 0 10px; }
	#contact-add .buttons #add-submit { background:url(../images/icons/accept.png) left center no-repeat; }

/* VIEW CONTACT */
#card dt { display:block; float:left; clear:left; width:150px; color:#999; padding:15px 0 10px 26px; font-size:1.6em; line-height:1.4em; }
#card dd { display:block; float:left; width:200px; font-size:1.6em; padding:15px 0 0 0; line-height:1.4em; }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
EU Wheat Grinds Mostly Lower, Egypt Buys Black Sea Origin
Posted by Nogger - a legend in his own mind at 07:22 | Categorized as
18/07/13 -- EU grains were mostly lower on continued harvest pressure and weaker US markets. Fresh news was relatively thin on the ground. Benchmark Nov 13 London wheat closed GBP0.30/tonne weaker at GBP168.10/tonne, with Jan 14 down GBP0.10/tonne to GBP169.50/tonne and Nov 13 Paris wheat settling EUR0.25/tonne easier at EUR194.25/tonne.
French analysts Strategie Grains raised their forecast for EU-28 soft wheat production this year from 131.5 MMT last month to 133.4 MMT this time round, an increase of 6% on last year. Including durum wheat they now have this year's all wheat crop at 141.6 MMT, far higher than the USDA's 138.6 MMT and the largest in 5 years.
Production increases in France, Germany and the UK, the EU's top three wheat producing countries, as well as Bulgaria, Romania and Spain were behind the hike, say Agrimoney.com.
They also upped the EU-28 barley crop from 56.1 MMT last month to 57.3 MMT, a 5% increase on last year. Corn production however was trimmed slightly from 66.0 MMT to 65.9 MMT, although that is still well above year ago levels.
Early reports out of France suggest that wheat protein levels on what has been harvested so far are below expectations.
Egypt's GASC were in the market for wheat today, tendering for only the second time since February and the first since President Mursi was ousted. They ended up buying five cargoes (300 TMT) from Russia, Romania and Ukraine at prices ranging from around USD247-249/tonne.
Black Sea wheat is clearly the cheapest option for many at the moment, but then again it usually is at this time of year.
In Russia the wheat harvest is said to be already over in the southern state of Krasnodar, and 95% done in Stavropol. Yields are higher, although they didn't have a lot to beat in last year's poor performance, and they are tailing off. The total gathered so far is 26.4 MMT of grain, of which 21.4 MMT is wheat with yields averaging 3.21 MT/ha. That's up 25% on last year, but just yesterday average yields were 27% more than a year ago. Barley yields are now only up 8% on 2012's disappointing result, yesterday that was running at 11%.
The Russian republic of Tatarstan has declared a state of emergency due to drought covering 80% of the region. Grain production there is forecast to be even lower than last year.
Russia sold 10,665 MT of intervention grain in today's regular twice-weekly sale, that brings the total sold so far since sales began in October to 3.7 MMT.
MDA CropCast forecast the 2013 world wheat crop at 670.7 MMT, down 0.3 MMT on last week "due to acreage adjustments in U.S. and Kazakhstan spring wheat areas." They also cut the world corn crop by 0.4 MMT to 918.2 MMT "due to dryness in Italy and earlier wetness in Poland."
EU weekly barley export licenses came in at 302 TMT, the most since June 2005. Soft wheat export licenses were issued for 299 TMT which was also pretty respectable and brings the total so far this season to 591 TMT.


text:
More delays for Hele-On contract
By NANCY COOK LAUER West Hawaii Today | Friday, November 22, 2019, 12:05 a.m.
LAURA RUMINSKI/West Hawaii Today file photo A Hele-On bus sits at Kmart in Kailua-Kona.
Hawaii County Council members continue to have confidence in Mass Transit Administrator Brenda Carreira, despite a fumble in the department that forced the cancellation of a long-overdue contract award.
Department officials updated the council's Committee on Public Works and Mass Transit on Tuesday. Carreira did not attend the briefing.
The multi-million-dollar contract is being rebid and should go out in the next week or two, according to Malia Hall, the deputy corporation counsel assigned to the department. It probably won't result in wheels on the ground until "Aprilish," she said.
"The goal is, yeah, to get it completely right this time, to clean up the mess that we kind of created in the first place," Hall told the committee.
The County Council on Oct. 2 approved a resolution giving Mass Transit the go-ahead for a three-year contract, combining the regular county routes with fill-in buses as needed. Roberts Tours and Transportation Inc. was declared the winning bidder Oct. 10 but the contract was later withdrawn.
The new request for proposals will be handled by the Finance Department instead of Mass Transit, and a new evaluation panel will be selected to evaluate the bids. None of the information on the original bids, including the prices, were disclosed, said Purchasing Specialist Steve Wilhelm in a Nov. 5 letter to bid respondents.
Wilhelm said a faulty spreadsheet, discovered by the Purchasing Department, was the culprit in the need to rebid.
"This spreadsheet contained several errors in rates and utilized assumptions that were not disclosed in the RFP," Wilhelm said in the letter. "RFP 3712 was cancelled in the best interest of the county and to preserve the fairness and open competitiveness for the proposers."
Puna Councilman Matt Kanealii-Kleinfelder, the vice chairman of the committee, said he talked with Carreira the previous day and he plans to meet with her, along with Hilo Councilwoman Sue Lee Loy, the chairwoman of the committee, to keep everybody on track.
"While we expect certain things from them, we also help them," Kanealii-Kleinfelder said.
Kohala Councilman Tim Richards said he continues to have confidence that Carreira, who's been on the job about a year, can turn the embattled agency around. Still, he said, he wants to see improvements.
"We're stumbling," Richards said. "The problem is, we're not instilling confidence in our ridership."
Council Chairman Aaron Chung, who represents Hilo, was more blunt.
"Where's the buck going to stop on this. … Who's going to be the person that we talk to?" Chung said. "We had a process that we cannot even defend, and that's why we had to cancel."
The delay means the county will continue spending taxpayer money on an expensive alternative to a comprehensive contract.
Instead, Mass Transit will continue its current setup where Polynesian Adventure Tours provides drivers for the existing county buses and PolyAd and Roberts fill in for the shortage of county buses with buses and drivers at a more expensive daily rate. PolyAd's annual contract expired June 30, 2018, but it has been extended periodically by the county.
During the last fiscal year, the regular bus driver contract paid the privately owned PolyAd tour company $2.86 million, compared to $5.22 million more for the fill-in buses, according to the county Finance Department. Roberts was paid $1.36 million for fill-in buses during the same period, bringing total emergency fill-in bus contracts to $6.58 million.
In comparison, the entire Mass Transit budget that year was $15.7 million. New buses run from $300,000 to $600,000 each.
Big Island woman sues Johnson & Johnson over mesothelioma diagnosis
Snow dusts Maunakea summit


text:
// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
//
// This header file defines the Message class.
//
// IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
// leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
// They are clearly marked by comments like this:
//
//   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
//
// Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
// to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
// program!

#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_

#include <limits>

#include <gtest/internal/gtest-string.h>
#include <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>

namespace testing {

// The Message class works like an ostream repeater.
//
// Typical usage:
//
//   1. You stream a bunch of values to a Message object.
//      It will remember the text in a StrStream.
//   2. Then you stream the Message object to an ostream.
//      This causes the text in the Message to be streamed
//      to the ostream.
//
// For example;
//
//   testing::Message foo;
//   foo << 1 << " != " << 2;
//   std::cout << foo;
//
// will print "1 != 2".
//
// Message is not intended to be inherited from.  In particular, its
// destructor is not virtual.
//
// Note that StrStream behaves differently in gcc and in MSVC.  You
// can stream a NULL char pointer to it in the former, but not in the
// latter (it causes an access violation if you do).  The Message
// class hides this difference by treating a NULL char pointer as
// "(null)".
class GTEST_API_ Message {
 private:
  // The type of basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) for
  // narrow streams.
  typedef std::ostream& (*BasicNarrowIoManip)(std::ostream&);

 public:
  // Constructs an empty Message.
  // We allocate the StrStream separately because it otherwise each use of
  // ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
  // stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
  // the stack space.
  Message() : ss_(new internal::StrStream) {
    // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
    // a double to a Message.
    *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
  }

  // Copy constructor.
  Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new internal::StrStream) {  // NOLINT
    *ss_ << msg.GetString();
  }

  // Constructs a Message from a C-string.
  explicit Message(const char* str) : ss_(new internal::StrStream) {
    *ss_ << str;
  }

  ~Message() { delete ss_; }
#if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
  // Streams a value (either a pointer or not) to this object.
  template <typename T>
  inline Message& operator <<(const T& value) {
    StreamHelper(typename internal::is_pointer<T>::type(), value);
    return *this;
  }
#else
  // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
  template <typename T>
  inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, val);
    return *this;
  }

  // Streams a pointer value to this object.
  //
  // This function is an overload of the previous one.  When you
  // stream a pointer to a Message, this definition will be used as it
  // is more specialized.  (The C++ Standard, section
  // [temp.func.order].)  If you stream a non-pointer, then the
  // previous definition will be used.
  //
  // The reason for this overload is that streaming a NULL pointer to
  // ostream is undefined behavior.  Depending on the compiler, you
  // may get "0", "(nil)", "(null)", or an access violation.  To
  // ensure consistent result across compilers, we always treat NULL
  // as "(null)".
  template <typename T>
  inline Message& operator <<(T* const& pointer) {  // NOLINT
    if (pointer == NULL) {
      *ss_ << "(null)";
    } else {
      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, pointer);
    }
    return *this;
  }
#endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN

  // Since the basic IO manipulators are overloaded for both narrow
  // and wide streams, we have to provide this specialized definition
  // of operator <<, even though its body is the same as the
  // templatized version above.  Without this definition, streaming
  // endl or other basic IO manipulators to Message will confuse the
  // compiler.
  Message& operator <<(BasicNarrowIoManip val) {
    *ss_ << val;
    return *this;
  }

  // Instead of 1/0, we want to see true/false for bool values.
  Message& operator <<(bool b) {
    return *this << (b ? "true" : "false");
  }

  // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
  // using the UTF-8 encoding.
  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
  }
  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
  }

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
  // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
  // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
  Message& operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
  // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
  // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
  Message& operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as a String.
  // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
  //
  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
  internal::String GetString() const {
    return internal::StrStreamToString(ss_);
  }

 private:
#if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
  // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
  // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
  // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
  // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
  template <typename T>
  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*dummy*/, T* pointer) {
    if (pointer == NULL) {
      *ss_ << "(null)";
    } else {
      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, pointer);
    }
  }
  template <typename T>
  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*dummy*/, const T& value) {
    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_, value);
  }
#endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN

  // We'll hold the text streamed to this object here.
  internal::StrStream* const ss_;

  // We declare (but don't implement) this to prevent the compiler
  // from implementing the assignment operator.
  void operator=(const Message&);
};

// Streams a Message to an ostream.
inline std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const Message& sb) {
  return os << sb.GetString();
}

}  // namespace testing

#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_


"Points" written by Bill Seimer was featured on Scratched Up Radio Theater, at 8 PM on December 20th and December 25th, This play takes place in a courtroom of the future; a glimpse at survival and death under a future regime.
It stars John Welsh, Linda Ragan, Craig Boyer, Bob Christensen, Jim Dowling, and is hosted by Dickie Magidoff, with technical production by Lili DuBois. Points is followed by a salute to Scratched Up Players' own Elsie Ritchie, with Madeline Stacey.