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Suffolk University Law Review
Vol. 46 Nbr. 4, September - September 2013
Justice delayed is justice denied: wrongful convictions, eyewitness-expert testimony, and recent developments.
Document Cited authorities 25 Cited in Related
Author: Balko, Douglas
"[I]t is better that ten guilty persons escape, than that one innocent suffer." (1)
Legal literature, periodicals, and judicial decisions have spilled much ink on the propriety and scope of the admissibility of expert opinion testimony on the reliability of eyewitness identifications. (2) In the interim, the scientific community continues to stockpile evidence that consistently concludes that eyewitness identifications are unreliable. (3) Many researchers contend that the most effective countermeasure to unreliable eyewitness testimony is the admission of expert testimony. (4) Nevertheless, courts across the country continue to preclude the admission of expert testimony regarding the accuracy of eyewitness accounts. (5)
Unfortunately, more and more wrongful convictions stemming from eyewitness misidentifications continue to come to light. (6) If Sir William Blackstone's words resonate, and if scientifically dubious eyewitness identifications continue to lead to wrongful convictions, then it seems there should be firm guidelines regarding their admissibility, but that is generally not the case. (7) In most jurisdictions, the admission of expert testimony is left to the discretion of the trial judge. (8)
Although courts have moved slowly in developing admissibility guidelines, society has increasingly strengthened its resolve to stop wrongful convictions. (9) For example, some state governments have taken an institutional approach by creating innocence commissions. (10) Additionally, there have been efforts in many states to amend the rules of professional conduct governing attorneys. (11) Finally, a myriad of public interest and policy groups have formed in recent years to address the problem of wrongful convictions. (12)
This Note traces the history of the admissibility of eyewitness-expert testimony in the United States. (13) It then discusses the problematic nature of eyewitness evidence, canvassing some of the scientific evidence that undermines its reliability. (14) Next, it examines the measures taken to address wrongful convictions, including the establishment of innocence commissions and exceptions to client confidentiality rules in legal ethics. (15) Finally, this Note argues that these measures are ineffective and, given the societal interest in avoiding wrongful convictions and the role of eyewitness identifications in causing them, courts should take the lead in curbing wrongful convictions by liberally admitting eyewitness-expert testimony under Federal Rule of Evidence 702 (Rule 702). (16)
Expert Testimony Proffers
Early Admissibility Standards
Proffers of expert testimony at trial were subject to the admissions criteria of Frye v. United States (17) for decades. (18) The Frye regime permits the admission of expert testimony at trial if the proponent can establish that the subject matter of the expert testimony is outside the range of the jury's common experience and knowledge and, more importantly, the scientific findings are sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in the relevant scientific field. (19) The law of evidence underwent a substantial change in 1993 with the enactment of the Federal Rules of Evidence, and the Supreme Court was called upon to decide whether this change abrogated the Frye regime in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (20)
The Daubert Court evaluated the language of Federal Rules of Evidence 401, 402 (Rule 402), and, most importantly, Rule 702, and compared them to the Frye standard. (21) The Court concluded that because "general acceptance" is not a necessary element in any of the Federal Rules, the Frye standard no longer controls in federal courts. (22) Instead, Daubert requires federal judges faced with a proffer of scientific expert testimony to make a preliminary assessment of whether the reasoning or methodology underlying the expert's testimony is scientifically valid by considering several nonexclusive features: its subjection to peer review; its known or potential error rate; its falsifiability, refutability, or testability; the existence and maintenance of standards controlling its operation; and its general acceptance in the relevant scientific community. (23)
In response to Daubert and its progeny, Congress amended Rule 702. (24) A prominent case applying Daubert and, consequently, fostering amendment to Rule 702, is the Supreme Court case of Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael. (25) In Kumho, the Court extended the principles of Daubert to all expert testimony--not just scientific testimony. (26) The current version of Rule 702 is now structured to reflect the principles of Daubert. (27)
Expert Testimony on the Reliability of Eyewitness Identifications
In cases where testimony of an eyewitness is offered into evidence, litigants utilize eyewitness experts to opine on the reliability of the eyewitness testimony. (28) Eyewitness experts tend to be psychologists who testify about a variety of psychological processes and accuracy-related variables impacting eyewitness memory and testimony. (29) In criminal prosecutions, the defendant is most frequently the party seeking to admit eyewitness-expert testimony. (30)
Advocates of eyewitness-expert testimony provide two general justifications for its admissibility. (31) First, voluminous research shows that juries are too receptive to, and over-reliant on, eyewitness evidence. (32) Because of this "overbelief" tendency, advocates argue that expert testimony is necessary to "challenge successfully the jurors' misplaced confidence in eyewitness testimony." (33) Second, regardless of a jury's overreliance on eyewitness testimony, expert testimony is necessary to educate the jury on how to discriminate between accurate and inaccurate witness testimony. (34) The science underlying these two justifications will be explained in Part II.B of this Note. (35)
Eyewitness-expert testimony was excluded outright in the majority of American courts until recently. (36) This was true notwithstanding the fact that courts were aware of the problems eyewitness testimony poses. (37) Courts justified rejecting proffers of eyewitness experts on a number of grounds, including the ability of the adversarial process to unearth eyewitness defects and the use of jury instructions. (38) Some courts continue to exclude such testimony. (39)
In 1973, the Ninth Circuit became the first court to establish guidelines for the admissibility of eyewitness-expert testimony. (40) Under the standard set forth in United States v. Amaral, parties offering eyewitness-expert testimony must satisfy four criteria. (41) First, the expert must be qualified. (42) Second, the subject matter must be proper. (43) Third, the expert testimony must conform to a generally accepted explanatory theory. (44) Finally, the probative value of the testimony must outweigh its prejudicial effect. (45)
Today, the majority of courts permit eyewitness experts to testify, though the circumstances under which such testimony is admitted are "narrow." (46) United States v. Downing is the leading case for this proposition. (47) The Downing court was the first federal court to reverse as error a district court's exclusion of eyewitness-expert testimony. (48) The court recognized that eyewitness-expert testimony meets Rule 702's "helpfulness requirement" and rejected the notion that such testimony was within the common knowledge of the jury. (49) Downing was not, however, a complete victory for advocates of eyewitness-expert testimony because the court did limit the testimony's admissibility in some ways. (50)
Courts continue to exclude eyewitness-expert testimony on various grounds. (51) For instance, judges frequently exclude expert testimony because they feel it invades the province of the jury. (52) Many judges feel the testimonial matter is within the common knowledge of jurors, and expert testimony on such a subject is unnecessary. (53) Judges also remain free to reject a proffer if they believe the prejudicial effect will outweigh the testimony's probative value. (54) Ultimately, it is within trial judges' discretion whether or not an expert witness's testimony may be admitted. (55)
Eyewitness Reliability: A Survey of the Science
After conducting extensive studies, scientists have almost unanimously concluded that eyewitness testimony is unreliable. (56) Contrary to what many people believe, the human mind does not simply capture memories upon experiencing an event. (57) Rather, memory is a much more complicated, tiered process: First, people witness an event (the acquisition stage), then they attempt to remember the event (the retention stage), and finally they recall the stored information (the retrieval stage). (58) Experts argue that at any point in this process, a number of factors can affect the accuracy, integrity, and completeness of an eyewitness account. (59) Experts categorize these factors into two types: estimator variables, which are factors inherent in the event itself, or system variables, which are factors that present themselves in the post-event legal proceedings. (60)
There are a variety of well-established and thoroughly examined factors--both estimator and systematic--that influence witness accuracy. (61) A thorough treatment of every factor is beyond the scope of this Note, but this Part will briefly discuss some of the psychological factors that are most beyond the ken of the jury and, thus, lend themselves to an assessment by eyewitness experts. (62)
Cross-Racial Identification
A cross-racial identification entails a situation in which the observer and subject are of a different race. (63) Research shows that cross-racial identifications are notoriously unreliable. (64) Research also suggests that problems with cross-racial identification stem from the inability of members of one race to "encode" in their memory pertinent facial features of those from another race. (65) There is some...


SWITZERLAND, Zurich — Based on breaking news and events, it appears that CIA Headquarters beneath Lake Geneva is plotting a boxing-related terror attack on Januarys 9, 2016, that will predictably be blamed on domestic terrorists, Islamic terrorists and/or Neo-Nazis.
Boxing matches under the threat of terror include but are not limited to events in Offenburg, Germany; Valencia, Spain, and Shawnee, Ojlahoma that are scheduled to take place on January 9, 2016. That being said, non-listed boxing matches may also suffer an attack.
Exactly what type of boxing terror is planned is not known, but boxing matches in Japan may suffer a domestic or mob-related attack, or ab attack by a member of the U.S. military stationed there. In America, boxing matches may suffer a domestic terror and/or Islamic terror-related attack.
There is also the very real possibility that one of the boxing matches in question will suffer a state-sponsored bio-chemical attack which is designed to spark the biological pandemic planned for 2015. Said bio-attack will most likely come via Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370.
As reported ad nauseam by Truther.org, Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 was explicitly hijacked by CIA on March 8, 2014, in order to execute a surprise WMD attack . Where in the world the 9/11-style attack will transpire is not known, but any of the locations listed below could hypothetically suffer an attack.
Lastly, there is also the possibility that the CIA may engineer a so-called "accident" or "natural disaster" during the boxing matches in question (e.g., biological outbreak, building collapse, fire, gas explosion, vehicular manslaughter attack, etc.) which would terrorize and/or kill thousands of fight fans in attendance.
State-sponsored terror plots targeting high-profile boxing matches and UFC fights are nothing new. Within the calendar year of 2013 alone, Truther.org identified 4 potential state-sponsored terror plots targeting primetime fights in Houston, Texas; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Newark, New Jersey. The first terror plot was exposed in the April 26, 2013, Truther.org, report entitled "Live Terror Drill in Newark, New Jersey Saturday April 27, 2013: Possible Suicide Attacks At UFC 159". The second terror plot identified was a "race war"-style terror attack targeting Mexican-Americans in attendance at the Floyd Mayweather, Jr. vs. Saúl Álvarezat fight in Las Vegas, Nevada on September 14, 2013. The third terror plot identified was slated for October 19, 2013, when UFC 166 featuring Velasquez vs. Dos Santos was held at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. Lastly, UFC 168 "Weidman vs. Silva 2" at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas was evidently targeted for terror as well. Because state-sponsored terror plots are always subject to change, Truther.org can only expose the red flags with the hopes that the unwanted media attention thwarts a would-be attack.
AUTHOR'S NOTE: Because I, David Chase Taylor, officially applied for political asylum in Switzerland on July 17, 2015, the state-sponsored terror plots and so-called "natural disasters" I expose rarely come to fruition. In short, theSwiss CIA does not want to afford me any more credibility or publicity than they have to, lest they turn me into a modern-day prophet. They also do not want to provide yet another open-and-shut case as to why I deserve political asylum. For those wondering why I would apply for political asylum in Switzerland, know this: a) I originally applied for asylum in Switzerland on March 8, 2011, roughly 2-years before I discovered that Switzerland was harboring the CIA; and b) the CIA has historically not shat where it eats in Switzerland. That being said, the CIA has now been exposed for the first time in history. Consequently, they are extremely desperate and may assassinate me Switzerland.
SWITZERLAND, Zurich — Based on breaking news and events, it appears that CIA Headquarters beneath Lake Geneva will attempt to stage an assassination/terror attack on President Obama when he holds live Town Hall metting on CNN at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia on January 7, 2016.
Exactly what type of state-sponsored terror attack is planned for Obama and CNN is not known, but it will most likely involve domestic and/or Islamic terrorist-related 9/11-style bio-attack, assassionation, beheading, made-for TV hostage crisis, mass shooting, mass stabbing, and/or siege of CNN headquarters.
In order to sell the notion that the Secret Service is not doing thier job just prior to a staged assassination of Obama, Fox News published a report on December 23, 2015, entitled "Gun, Badge, Flash Drive Stolen From Secret Service Agent's Car". Consequently, Obama's security has been compromised, making the notion of an assassination all the more likely.
The notion of the Secrer Service (and therefore Obama) will come under fire was witnessed on December 16, 2015, when an off-duty Secret Service officer was fatally shot in Washinton, D.C. Although the agent was likely killed due to his knowledge of a foiled terror plot, his death has set the precedent for an attack on Obama nonetheless.
Prior to an attack on Obama, the public must be convinced through fabricated events that this is indeed possible. Consequently, a number of events regarding Obama have occurred in the last few weeks which have set the stage for an assassination "event". For example, on October 15, 2014, an official from Missouri called for military coup against Obama. The timely and shocking statement was evidently made in order to foreshadow a military-related attack on Obama, possibly via a sniper. In what appears to be pre-Obama assassination terror conditioning, it was reported on October 23, 2014, that a man was stopped after scaling White House fence. Whether the man was planning to attack Obama is not known, but the event was likely staged in order to show that Obama is under threat. Three days later on October 26, 2014, it was reported that the man who drove his car into a Ten Commandments monument made statements about President Obama, included threats to kill him. The incident was likely staged as well in order to show that white American males want to kill Obama. Four days later on October 30, 2014, USA Today published a report entitled "Love Triangle Led to Obama Visit Threat, Feds Say". The timely report was in respect to a Yonkers man who was plotting to kill President Obama during his August 2014 visit to Westchester County, New York. The incident was evidently rehashed in order to show that Obama is being targeted. In order to set the precedent for an attack on Obama's person while in Las Vegas, it was reported on November 21, 2014, that Secret Service agents arrested a woman with a gun outside the White House Thursday night, November 20, 2014, shortly after President Obama delivered an address to the nation on immigration. The notion of an assassination attempt on Obama was foreshadowed on February 15, 2015, when the Daily Beast published a report entitled "The First Hollywood Movie to Kill Obama". Needless to say, it's just a matter of time before life imitates art. Roughly a week later on February 23, 2015, a prison inmate plead guilty to wrongly addressing a threating letter to Obama. The timely plea, by what appears to be a patsy, was evidently fabricated to show that Obama is under threat just prior an assassination attempt on his person. More recently on March 2, 2015, it was revealed that the Secret Service arrested of 2 people who sought to breach the security perimeter of the White House. According to reports, Secret Service spokesman Brian Leary stated that a man was apprehended outside the south side of the White House after he breached an outer security perimeter. The second incident occurred at a north side entrance to the White House when an individual tried to get in through the open gate and was subsequently detained and arrested after a physical confrontation. Both incidents also appear to have been fabricated in order to sell the notion that Obama is under threat.
In what appears to be pre-Obama assassination programming, The Telegraph published a report on September 29, 2014, entitled "Is Barack Obama's Life Safe in the Secret Service's Hands?". The ominous report was evidently designed to foreshadow that an attack on Obama's person is imminent. With the resignation of Chief Julia Pierson, the director of the Secret Service, on October 1, 2014, the Secret Service has never looked more vulnerable to an attack. Pierson's resignation came in the wake of several security breaches that were designed to set the precedent for an attack on the Obama White House. In what appears to be pre-Obama assassination terror programming, the Huffington Post published a report on October 1, 2014, entitled "Politico Piece Says Obama's Assassination Might Be Only Thing That Could Improve Secret Service". Two days later on October 3, 2014, it was reported that the Secret Service allowed a fake congressman to sneak backstage at Obama event in Washington, D.C., ultimately setting the precedent for a similar event in California. Roughly a week later on October 9, 2014, a former agent stated that the Secret Service is now in collapse. Needless to say, the aforementioned reports have made the U.S. Secret Service look weak, making the likelihood of an attack on President Obama all the more likely. In order to provide plausible deniability for the U.S. government in the wake of a White House attack, it was reported on November 10, 2014, that the Secret Service has dealt with 40 White House barrier-jumping incidents, a fabricated number to be sure. Three days later on November 13, 2014, it was reported that a fence jumping probe has found problems with the Secret Service. The timely report was designed to show that the Secret Service is weak, making the likelihood of a successful attack on the Obama and/or the White House seem all the more plausible. In more pre-coup programming, it was reported on November 20, 2014, that the Secret Service arrested a woman with a gun outside the White House. The alleged incident occurred shortly after President Obama delivered an address to the nation on immigration, foreshadowing a potential motive for the impending coup.
Since 2007, there have been over 100 Obama assassination threats and plots in which individuals were either questioned, arrested, detained or convicted for making death threats against Obama. It appears that most if not all of these Obama-related assassination events were staged in order to give the impression that Obama is in tremendous danger, especially due to his race. Whether people like Obama or not, the staged or real assassination of Obama must be stopped at all costs. An assassination "event" of Obama would ultimately divide America between black and white, Democrat and Republican, and would inevitably cause riots, looting, violence, bloodshed and chaos across America.
Back on May 2, 2014, Truther.org issued a terror warning in respect to the 2014 White House Correspondences' Association (WHCA) which took place on May 3, 2014. Interestingly, three days later on May 6, 2014, a car allegedly trailing President Obama daughters' motorcade prompted a White House lockdown. What exactly a suspicious car had to do with the White House is not known, but evidently the subsequent lockdown provided the necessary cover needed so that weapons and/or explosives could be removed from the White House premises without drawing any suspicion.
Back on December 4, 2013, Truther.org published a report entitled, "Live TV Obama Assassination "Event" Planned for December 5, 2013 on MSNBC?" in respect to a possible "live" Obama terror event planned for American University (AU). Two weeks later on December 16, 2013, it was reported that American University went into lockdown after an alleged gunman was reported on campus. Predictably, the gunman turned out to be an off-duty police officer but that fact wasn't reported until the entire AU campus was locked down for 2 full hours. The gunman at American University was evidently staged in order to create a major diversion on campus so that intelligence agencies (e.g., the ATF, FBI, CIA, etc.) could dispose of any incriminating evidence (e.g., weapons and/or explosives) planted on campus in preparation for the planned attacks. In order to remove said incriminating evidence without drawing any suspicion from students and staff, a mini-false-flag was executed in order to provide the necessary cover needed to clean-up the now foiled false-flag. In other words, since the terror plots were exposed, a second operation had to be executed under the cover of an emergency in order to tie up loose ends.
Back on November 20, 2013, Truther.org published a report entitled, "Obama Assassination "Event" May Be Planned for JFK Legacy Dinner at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History". Coincidentally, three days later on November 23, 2013, it was confirmed that an unidentified man fell to his death from the fourth floor railing at the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C. Whether or not this man was involved in an Obama assassination "event" is not known, but his death is highly suspicious and has all the earmarks of a foiled state-sponsored terror attack.
David Chase Taylor is an American journalist and the editor-in-chief of Truther.org, a state-sponsored whistle-blower website. Taylor lives in Zurich, Switzerland where he is currently in the process of applying for political asylum since the release of The Nuclear Bible, a book credited with foiling a nuclear terror attack upon Super Bowl XLV in Dallas, Texas on February 6, 2011. Taylor recently authored Greenland Theory: Apocalypse Now, a book and website exposing the true power structure of the world, especially in respect to Greenland and its primary proxy state of Switzerland which is home to the CIA. Taylor has also published The Bio-Terror Bible, a book and website exposing the global bio-terror pandemic planned for 2015. To date, Taylor has blown the whistle on over 100 state-sponsored terror plots, including the 2012 Democratic National Convention Terror Plot, the man-made asteroid attack planned for 2014, and the drone strike which killed "Fast and Furious" star Paul Walker. Taylor was also the first to expose Alex Jones' treacherous links to STRATFOR and is noted for the 10 reasons why the Rosetta Comet landing was a hoax.
SWITZERLAND, Zurich — Based on breaking news and events, it appears that the Obama administration (at the behest of CIA Headquarters beneath Lake Geneva) is once again plotting a television-based terror attack, most likely on the CNN Center in Atlanta, Georgia, and/or the Fox News Channel in New York City.
A future terror scenario in which Islamic jihadists and/or so-called domestic terrorists (i.e., Special Forces) lay siege to the CNN Center and behead their respective anchors on live TV is unfortunately an impending reality. That being said, a 9/11-style bio-terror attack is also a possibility.
After CNN Center have been held hostage and its anchors beheaded, it's highly likely that the made-for-TV terror attack will conclude with a 9/11-style bio-chemical attack that will spark the bio-terror pandemic planned for 2015.
The notion of a TV-related terror attack was witnessed back on January 29, 2015, when a gunman stormed a Dutch TV station and demanded to be put on air. Should CNN of Fox News come under attack, the terrorists will also demand to be put on air, starting what will likely be a made-for-TV terror drama.
In order to raise the notion of a TV-related terror attack just prior to its fruition in reality, it was reported back on June 9, 2015, that TV5 Monde was attack "by Russia-based hackers". Needless to say, the cyber-related TV attack has set the precedent for a real world TV attack.
Two days later on June 11, 2015, USA Today published a report entitled "American Who Died Fighting Islamic State Inspired by TV". The timely report was evidently designed to foreshadow that American terrorists will be inspired to commit a TV-related terror attack.
A week later on June 18, 2015, it was reported that a CNN live feed was interrupted by a heckler: who screamed "white people are terrorists". The incident was likely staged in order associate white terrorists with CNN just prior to a state-sponsored domestic terror attack on the CNN Center in Atlanta.
The notion of a CNN-related attack was witnessed a few weeks later on July 1, 2015, when it reported that ex-CNN anchor Lynne Russell's husband killed an alleged robber in a motel shootout. Needless to say, the attack was staged or fabricated in order to set the precedent for a future CNN-related terror attack.
Roughly a month later on August 26, 2015, a gunman allegedly killed 2 people on live TV, including a news anchor and TV cameraman. Based on evidence acquired to date, it appears that the entire incident was staged in order to set the precedent for a live TV attack.
In what appears to be a sign of TV-related terror to come, it was reported on September 30, 2015, that the all-clear was given after a bomb threat prompted the evacuation of KABC studios in California. Needless to say, the incident was staged in order to set the precedent for a real-world attack on the CNN Center.
Lastly, a day later on October 1, 2015, it was reported that a TV cameramen was robbed at gunpoint in Houston, Texas. Again, the incident was staged in order to set the precedent for a real-world attack on the CNN Center in Atlanta.
The notion that the CNN Center is a state-sponsored terror target was first revealed on November 2, 2012, when it was reported that a "caller" had mentioned that chemicals had been placed at the CNN Center in downtown Atlanta. According to reports, the "caller" wanted $15,000 and an airplane. Curiously, the report stated that "It wasn't clear whether the caller made the demands from CNN or some other entity". Although CNN was likely in on the hoax, a search of CNN headquarters and the attached Omni Hotel was executed to no avail. Two hours after the initial phone call, Atlanta streets were reopened. Atlanta police Capt. Adam Lee III then told reporters that the dispatchers who took the call described the "caller" as "depressed" and stated that the caller was wanted by the federal government for violating some type of federal law. To date, no recording of the alleged phone call have ever been released to the public which suggests that the event was staged to set the precedent for a CNN Center attack. In the event that CNN suffers a real-life terror scenario, the attack will most likely involve assault weapons, explosives, and/or some biological agent (e.g., acid, anthrax, smallpox, etc.) which will be used to target anchors, employees, law enforcement and the city of Atlanta in general.
Atlanta, Georgia is home to the CDC (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and CNN (Cable News Network), the two primary ingredients needed in executing a successful bio-terror pandemic which will results in the culling of millions of Americans. In short, CNN will provide worldwide media coverage of the worsening pandemic while the CDC will be responsible for responding to and tracking the bio-terror outbreak. The convenient location of CNN and the CDC in Georgia ultimately allows for the complete command and control over any state-sponsored bio-terror attack and subsequent pandemic that results in the state which is why is has been repeatedly targeted. All that is missing from the equation is the bio-terror attack.
The answer to the question posed in the April 17, 2014 Reuters report entitled "After Nevada Ranch Stand-Off, Emboldened Militias Ask: Where Next?" may just be the CNN Center in Atlanta, Georgia. Aside from the fact that Georgia is home to militia members (that routinely double as government employees) which are currently on trial for an anti-government bio-terror plot, Truther.org exposed a "race war" bio-terror plot targeting the 2013 NCAA Final Four in Atlanta, as well as a state-sponsored 2014 terror plot targeting the CNN Center. In all likelihood, the alleged perpetrators of CNN Center terror attack will be: a) white, b) anti-Obama (i.e., "racist"), c) gun-owners, d) militia members, and e) active or former members of the U.S. military.
Prior to a high-profile media-related terror attack, the world must be psychologically prepared to accept that this is in fact possible. Fraudulent headlines and fabricated events are a slick way of convincing people that yes, it can happen. As evidenced media-related terror is now at an all-time high which suggests that a state-sponsored terror attack on a media-related event is imminent.
SWITZERLAND, Zurich — Based on breaking news and events, it appears that CIA Headquarters beneath Lake Geneva is plotting a boxing-related terror attack on December 29-31, 2015, that will predictably be blamed on domestic terrorists, the Japanese mob, and/or Islamic terrorists.
Boxing matches under the threat of terror include but are not limited to events in Japan and the United States (i.e., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) that are scheduled to take place between December 29 and December 31, 2015 (see list below).
SWITZERLAND, Zurich — Based on breaking news and events, it appears that the Obama administration (at the behest of CIA Headquarters beneath Lake Geneva) is plotting an attack on Saturday Night Live (SNL) which is filmed live at the NBC Studios in New York City.
Although any episode of Season 41 of Saturday Night Live (SNL) could theoretically be attacked, episode 796 on December 19, 2015, which will be hosted by Tina Fey & Amy Poehler is the most likely to suffer an alleged domestic and/or Islamic attack.
The notion of a New York television studio being evacuated due to an explosion was witnessed back on May 6, 2015, when a manhole explosion resulted in the studios of Al Jazeera America being evacuated. Consequently, a bomb or gun-related evacuation of the NBC studios may now be in order.
Lastly, in order to provide a motive for a revenge-like attack on the Saturday Night Live by Islamic terrorists, it was reported back on May 10, 2015, that SNL poked fun at a drawing of the Prophet Mohammed which is obviously forbidden by the Koran.


Walking distance to Medical Center. Perfect for Med students,residents or fellows. Open floor plan and large bedrooms. Lower level offers additional room and half bath. One car attached garage. Center courtyard with gazebo and grills. Unit is leased until 7/15/20.


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Kayapo Journey
with NRG Home Solar
The Kayapo indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon defend one of the largest tropical protected areas in the world, covering more than 11 million hectares of pristine rainforest. They are culture rooted in tradition with a great sense of living sustainably. NRG Home Solar is wholly owned by NRG Energy, a company that owns and operates one of America's largest power generation and retail electricity businesses. With a thorough understanding of the market and deep industry experience, NRG is focused on making solar energy an easy and affordable solution for homeowners.
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On record, shock rock rarely holds up when deprived of its in-concert sine qua non --a three-ring circus of visual outrage to which the songs are little more than soundtrack fodder. Locals Dirty Barby follow that path on the full-length "Sleep When I'm Dead." Nearly indistinguishable ditties "PMS 666" and "Feathered Hair" blow their meager wads on two-minute blasts of sleaze-metal guitar, hypermilitary drum beats and taunting group vocals, never halting their frenzy to dally with a concrete chorus or bridge. (Key changes? Ha.) The crummy-cute production bathes the basic tracks in mismatched reverb and echo; the result is a sound not unlike a sack full of kittens trying to escape from a deep well. In Dirty Barby's world, these are not necessarily flaws. As an advertisement for the band's live show, "Sleep" comes through with flying colors: You can't help but wonder what this sickness must look like.


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Q: How to arrange tiles in vertical rows (Windows 8.1)? I'm trying to arrange tiles in Windows 8.1 below each other but they always arrange themselfs next to each other.
I have i. e. a group of tiles with four columns - the first two columns have five tiles each (= full height of the Start screen), the next two columns have two tiles each. I want to have the two tiles from the last column under the the two tiles from the third column so that there are altogether only three columns. However, it is impossible to get the two tiles from the last column below the two tiles from the third column - they flip around but refuse to be in one column but remain in two columns instead.
In another group I have just 5 tiles which would fit perfectly fine in one column. However, Windows 8.1 keeps them stubbornly in two columns with three tiles in the first and two tiles in the second column.
How can I get the tiles below each other?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


All kinds of pleating, elastic, ruffles, tucking & samples orders.
Pleating, stitching, novelty trim factory for all types of apparel and accessories.
Pleating, tucking, decorative & novelty stitching for the apparel trade. We are now the largest Embroidery & laser facility in New York.


text:
The Rightdevice ("us", "we", or "our") operates the https://www.rightdevice.com website (hereinafter referred to as the "Service").
This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data when you use our Service and the choices you have associated with that data. The Privacy Policy for the right device has been created with the help of TermsFeed.
We use your data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy, the terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions, accessible from https://www.rightdevice.com
Service is the https://www.rightdevice.com website operated by the right device
Usage Data is data collected automatically either generated by the use of the Service or from the Service infrastructure itself (for example, the duration of a page visit).
Cookies are small files stored on your device (computer or mobile device).
Rightdevice uses the collected data for various purposes:
Your information, including Personal Data, may be transferred to - and maintained on - computers located outside of your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from your jurisdiction.
the right device will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of your data and other personal information.
the right device may disclose your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to:
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As an European citizen, under GDPR, you have certain individual rights. You can learn more about these guides in the GDPR Guide.
This website contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this website, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements. The words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "predict," "project," "target," "potential," "will," "would," "could," "should," "continue," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.
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Who Can I Turn to When I Fall into Debt?
Home > Avoiding Debt > Who Can I Turn to When I Fall into Debt?
When you find yourself in debt it can be scary and daunting and you may feel like you are on your own. But there are people who are willing to help you and there is always a way out, even if it involves drastic measures such as bankruptcy. The worst thing you can do is keep it to yourself and pretend everything is ok. Burying your head in the sand and hoping the problem will go away is never the answer and will usually just leave you in more trouble than you were to begin with.
The main factor that stops people from admitting they have a problem is shame. The person in debt may feel like a failure and be embarrassed of himself for letting things get to bad. What they fail to realise is getting in trouble with money is easier than most people think and it really can happen to anyone.
If you are in trouble with debt then make the first move today to getting back on the straight and narrow and get in touch with someone who can help.
Debt counsellors exist to help people who find themselves in trouble. They will not look down on you or criticise you. They will help you to find a way out that best suits you. They will help you go through all of your paperwork and bills to discuss where the problems began and what the best course of action to take. However be careful when it comes to firms that debt counselling firms that are tied to products i.e. loans as these will not always give you unbiased advice. Go to an independent debt counsellor who will give you individually tailored advice that will help you get back on your feet.
The Citizens Advice Bureau offer advice on everything and anything and is the perfect place to start when you find yourself in money trouble. The CAB can help put you in contact with people who can help. You can call in to your local CAB offices, ring them confidentially or go on the website for advice.
When people get into trouble with money, especially mortgage payments, they often find themselves too embarrassed to tell their mortgage brokers what is going on. This is the person who helped you get the mortgage, who saw you beaming when you bought your house. You do not want them to see the 'mess' you've gotten in to. But this is a mistake. Your mortgage broker can help you get back into the black by looking at all the options available and liaising with the lender.
When you find yourself having trouble repaying a mortgage or loan you should contact the lender. If you explain your situation the lender can sometimes organise payment holidays to give you a break while you get yourself together. The lender can also look at consolidating your debts or changing products to make things easier for you. It is important you speak to your lender as soon as you start having problems without leaving things to get gradually worse.


text:
Q: Load groovy classes/scripts dynamically without compilation? I have a set of groovy scripts in package hierarchy. I have 1 main script, from which I want to call others. For example I have these scripts (with public classes/interfaces of the same name in them):
package.MainScript
package.MyInterface;

package.utils.MyInterfaceImpl1 //implements MyInterface
package.utils.MyInterfaceImpl2 //implements MyInterface

Is there a way to call one script from the other without knowing called class name at compile time? I mean to do something like dynamic class loading  like:
class MainScript {
  public static void main (String[] args) {
      MyInterface instance = Class.forName("package.utils.Util1");
  }
}

A: Yeah! Groovy is a dynamic language. You can create class instance dynamically.
package.MyInterface
class MyInterfaceImpl1 {
    def greet() {
        "Hello"
    }
}

package.MyInterface
class MyInterfaceImpl2 {
    def greet() {
        "Hi!"
    }
}

def name = 'MyInterfaceImpl1' // Choose whatever you want at runtime
def className = Class.forName("MyInterface.$name")
def instance = className.newInstance()
assert instance.greet() == 'Hello'


text:
Is Your Character Entitled to Copyright Protection? The Ninth Circuit Reinforces High Bar for Copyright Protection of Characters
Mar 27, 2020 Published Article
By Jonathan N. King, Shaia Araghi
Literary characters may enjoy copyright protection with various limitations. However, in Daniels v. The Walt Disney Company, the Ninth Circuit recently held that copyright protection should not extend to characters that are not sufficiently delineated and distinctive.
Background on the Case
Denise Daniels developed a line of anthropomorphic characters named The Moodsters, which she discussed with various entertainment companies, including The Walt Disney Company. These characters were associated with a different color for various emotions. Disney then began development of its film Inside Out, which focused on anthropomorphized characters that represent emotions inside the mind of a young girl. Daniels filed suit against Disney for copyright infringement, amongst other causes of action. The District Court granted Disney's motion to dismiss Daniels' amended complaint based on the ground that The Moodsters are not subject to copyright protection, inter alia.
The Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal of Daniels' claim of copyright infringement. The court determined that the use of a color to represent a mood or emotion is an idea that falls outside of the realm of copyright protection and that copyright protection does not apply to the use of colors to represent emotions where the ideas are embodied in a character without sufficient delineation and distinctiveness.
Key Takeaways to Enforce Copyright Protection of Your Character(s)
The Daniels holding is important in the context of copyright law because it confirms that an idea is not subject to copyright protection and that characters lacking consistent, identifiable character attributes are not entitled to copyright protection. Because of this ruling, it is necessary to meet the following three requirements for a character to enjoy copyright protection:
Does your character have physical and conceptual qualities?
Is your character sufficiently delineated to be recognizable as the same character whenever it appears, and does your character display consistent, identifiable character traits and attributes?
Is your character especially distinctive with some unique elements of expression?
If your character does not meet one of these requirements, you may not have the ability to enjoy copyright protection of your character. As always, it is important to consult with an attorney for a more detailed analysis on copyright law and the applicability of these laws to your intellectual property rights.
Jonathan N. King
Shaia Araghi


Click on vignette to diplay the quarterly calendar 2020.
Calendar 2020 quarterly with detailed agenda, format portrait, a column a month.
To customise the layout of the calendar 2020 (dimensions, colors, alignment, police), use tabs 'Calendar', 'Month' and 'Boxes'.
Customise the layout of the calendar 2020 (dimensions, colors, alignment, police), with tabs 'Calendar', 'Month' and 'Boxes' (2).
Calendar 2020 quarterly in column with photo in the centre.
Calendar 2020 quarterly decorative with photo, format portrait, a column a month.
To customise the layout of the calendar 2020 (size and color of boxes, alignment, police), use tabs 'Calendar', 'Month' and 'Boxes' (2).
To customise the layout of the calendar 2020 (dimensions, colors, alignment, police), use tabs 'Calendar', 'Month' and 'Boxes' (2).
Customise the layout of the calendar 2020 (size and color of boxes, alignment, police), with tabs 'Calendar', 'Month' and 'Boxes' (2).
To customise the layout of the calendar 2020 (dimensions, colors, alignment, police, borders), use tabs 'Calendar', 'Month' and 'Boxes' (2).
To see also: All calendars photos 2020.
Calendar 2020 quarterly with a different photo every month.
To change the background color of the 2020 quarterly calendar, click on the 'Calendar' tab.
To display or not display the names of saints in the 2020 quarterly calendar, click on the 'Data' tab. You can even display two, three, or four saints a day.
Each sample 2020 quarterly calendar proposed above is built from a template. All calendar templates are customizable.


text:
HomeNEWSEFCC To Introduce Anti-Corruption Course In Nigerian Universities
EFCC To Introduce Anti-Corruption Course In Nigerian Universities
August 9, 2017 saynigeria NEWS, POLITICS 0
The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) says its acting Chairman, Ibrahim Magu, has advocated the introduction of an anti-corruption course into the country's university curriculum.
Magu, according to a statement by the commission's spokesman, Wilson Uwujaren, also promised to sponsor anti-corruption research works at doctorate level for the next 10 years.
He spoke during a visit to the National Universities Commission (NUC) headquarters in Abuja on Tuesday, the statement said.
"From January 2018, the EFCC will sponsor up to 20 Ph.D researchers on any aspect of corruption every year for the next 10 years. We shall also support the publication of research papers relevant to teaching of anti-corruption courses," Magu stated.
He said that the educational sector is critical to winning the war against corruption in addition to reinventing Nigeria's cherished value systems.
"We believe that university students constitute a strategic target of anti-corruption training and awareness raising activities, as they will become tomorrow's managers," he said.
The EFCC said the proposed anti-corruption course should focus on preventing corrupt practices.
The commission, he said, viewed the NUC as a critical partner in its quest to reach out to all youths in the country as part of the anti-graft strategy.
"The NUC has a vital role to play as it can assist us at the EFCC to extend our anti-corruption message to the universities. We need to sensitise youths to the ills of corruption, so that they will not be tools in hands of corrupt politicians," he said.
The Executive Secretary of the NUC, Prof. Abubakar Rasheed, commended the EFCC boss for the initiative.
Rasheed noted that Nigeria was where it was today because of corruption, adding that the country might not get to the Promised Land unless everybody began to do things right.
He also acknowledged the efforts of the anti-graft agency in arresting and prosecuting fraudsters operating illegal institutions and using same to defraud Nigerians.
"This interaction will go a long way in re-positioning our country and the university system," the executive secretary said.
EFCC
Mr. Ibrahim Magu
Prof. Abubakar Rasheed
House Of Reps Issue Bench Warrant On EFCC Boss, Magu
ICRC Requests for Office Building from EFCC
EFCC Docks Two for Forgery


Read also: How fit are crossfitter's?
In our prime month last year, we had 650.000 hits on our websites, and they are among the most visited sites at NTNU. Our blog has 10.000 hits a month, and our social media accounts are constantly growing. Before Christmas we released an international Facebook Page after requests from our international audience. Our crowdsourcing project, The World Fitness Study, has 3 million hits and we have collected 250.000 surveys to our research database. We believe that communication of science is so important, that we have chosen to hire a CERG Communications Advisor, Andrea Hegdahl Tiltnes. She has background as a Journalist, and is the key person in charge of this work. She has the skills we lack in communication with the general public, and are coaching us to talk to you in a way that is understandable.
Read also: What's the energy cost of cross fit?
When discussion the importance of communication with researchers in medicine and health, we tend to get the response that it is easy to communicate exercise and health as this is something everybody is interested in. As only 20-30 percent of people in most industrial countries adhere to the minimum guidelines for physical activity, we believe that this argument is not valid. Our main challenge is to communicate well with the 70-80 percent of the public with a low interest in the association between physical activity and lifelong good health. As most of us have friends and relatives with cancer, heart disease, stroke and other life changing diseases, we believe all researchers in the field of medicine and health has a broad public if they communicate in a understandable manner. And, b[UW3] ottom line is that the aim of our research is to improve every field of medical treatment, and to create a healthier world through increasing knowledge for everyone.
This week we have been fortunate to be a part of the Bondi Fitness Festival in Sydney Australia. This has given us the opportunity to meet and discuss our research with new people with other perspectives on health and exercise, and challenges us outside of our normal comfort zone in the research community. Thank you to Crossfit Bondi and Adam Lindsay for the invitation, and the opportunity to see exercise and public health at play in this area of the world.
This entry was posted in Events, Exercise, Fitness, In English, Media, Public health, Seminars/Conferences and tagged Bondi fitness festival, CERG, crossfit, crossfit Bondi, dissemination, english, events, exercise, health, lifestyle, media, science communication, social media by CERG. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Chuqipata (Aymara chuqi gold, pata step, "gold step", Hispanicized spelling Choquepata) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about  high. It is situated on the border of the Moquegua Region, General Sánchez Cerro Province, Ichuña District, and the Puno Region, Puno Province, in the districts Pichacani and San Antonio. It lies northwest of the mountain Churi Wiqu, northeast of Millu and southeast of Tankani.

References

Mountains of Moquegua Region
Mountains of Puno Region
Mountains of Peru

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I have been out of the Adult Industry for awhile but have worked with Cybersocket in the past and I look forward to meeting many of you at upcoming events.
I am no stranger to the industry , but I do believe I have a lot of road to cover when it comes to meeting all of you.
Please feel free to introduce yourself at any of the upcoming parties or events, and remember, we are currently working on closing out our Gay Pride Issue of Cybersocket Magazine, and we are hosting a brunch for our sponsors and advertisers, so hit me up at scott@cybersocket.com if you would like to come.


text:
Also Known For : President
Birth Place : Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania
Zodiac Sign : Gemini
Chinese Zodiac : Pig
Birth Element : Earth
Klaus Iohannis Biography, Life, Interesting Facts
Klaus Werner Iohannis was born on June 13, 1959, in Sibiu, Romania to a Transylvanian Saxon family. He was the eldest child of his parents Susanne and Gustav Heinz Iohannis. His father was a technician, and his mother- a nurse. His family emigrated from Sibiu to Würzburg in Germany in 1992, acquiring citizenship under the right of return by the German nationality law after the fall of the Iron Curtain. However, he later chose to live in Romania.
Iohannis graduated from the Faculty of Physics of the Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca in 1983. He began working as a high school physics teacher in various schools in Sibiu. From 1989 until 1997 he worked at the Samuel von Brukenthal Gymnasium in Sibiu, which was the oldest German-speaking school in Romania. He became the Deputy General School Inspector of Sibiu County in 1997 and worked in this position until 2000 when he was elected as the mayor.
Mayor Of Sibiu
Iohannis began his political career in 1990 when he joined the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania. He served as a member of its board of education in Transylvania. He was also a member of the local party board in Sibiu. In 2001, Iohannis was elected the president of the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania. A year before that, he was backed as the mayor candidate. Iohannis was elected with 69% vote and won three re-elections in a row.
As a mayor, Iohannis worked to restore the infrastructure of the town and tightened the city administration. He is credited with making the city one of Romania's most popular tourist destinations, due to the renovation of the old town. In 2007, Sibiu was declared the European Capital of Culture along with Luxembourg.
Rise To Presidency
In 2009, Iohannis was proposed as a candidate for Prime Minister of Romania by the National Liberal Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania. This happened after the motion of no confidence to the Parliament. Iohannis, as an outsider of the national politics, was seen as an independent politician. The mentioned parties subsumed Iohannis as their common candidate for Prime Minister of an interim government, and in October, he confirmed acceptance of this nomination. However, Lucian Croitoru was nominated as the Prime Minister.
The opposition criticized the president of Romania for not designating Iohannis. He was even accused of trying to influence the upcoming presidential elections. In 2013, Iohannis joined the National Liberal Party (PNL) and was elected the First Vice President of the Party. In 2014, his party began procedures to strengthen the political right and merged under the name The Christian Liberal Alliance. In August, Iohannis was chosen as the candidate for presidential election. In the first round, Iohannis received 30,37% of the votes, and in the second round in November, he was elected the President of Romania with 54.43% of the votes.
In his presidential campaign, Iohannis focused on fighting corruption and improving the justice system. He also supported the pro-Western foreign policy. He has also expressed dissatisfaction with the attempted amendments to the Penal Code. He often consults the parliamentary parties on important state decisions. The first round of consultations discussed the political agreement to reach the minimum threshold of 2% of GDP for the Ministry of Defense. The second round of consultations focused on legislative priorities of the parliament.
As a supporter of the fight against corruption, Iohannis has sent several messages of support for investigating sensitive cases against politicians. He remains reticent about the LGTB rights and recognition of same-sex unions in Romania, stating that the country is not yet ready for a definite answer.
More Politicians
Paul Biya
Edgar Savisaar
Emil Constantinescu
Blaise Diagne
More People From Transylvania
Hermann Oberth
Gyorgy Ligeti
More People From Romania
VladTeeVee
Alma Gluck
Daniela Silivas
More Gemini People
Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
Roy Innis
More Chinese Pig People
Donna Godchaux
Zoran Jolevski
Lester Holt
Jerry J. Rawlings


A Stove With A House Around It: Make guacamole.
"Hello. How are you today? What do you need?"
"I need to know what you put into your avocado."
"What I put in my avocado? What the hell does that mean?"
"Sorry. I'm at work and distracted. I meant to ask, what do you put in your guacamole?"
"Oh, OK. Avocado, Lawry's seasoned salt, garlic, red onion, tomato, lime juice."
"I have no idea. Just make it. Why are you making guacamole, anyway?"
"You're having guacamole for dinner?"
"Well, no. We're having tacos, with guacamole on the side."
"OK then. Don't forget the Lawry's seasoned salt. It is the secret."
A few hours later I realized that Mom's "recipe" -- otherwise known as "list of ingredients" -- did not include anything spicy. So I called her again.
"Do you put in a jalapeno?"
"Do I put a jalapeno in what?"
"Oh shut up, you know I'm talking about your guacamole."
"No. Just some hot sauce."
Husband had scrawled "one lonesome jalapeno" on the grocery list. I crossed it off the page.
However, even given Mom's charming disgust for method, I like to keep this space a full-service blog. So when I got home tonight I started measuring.
This recipe is easily halved. In fact, if you're only looking for a little snacking guacamole, or perhaps some to use as a condiment for tacos, I would suggest halving it.
Place the avocados in a large bowl. Using a potato masher or a fork, mash the avocados until they're relatively smooth (leave a little chunkiness; it adds to the pleasing texture). Add the rest of the ingredients and mix well.
Makes about 3 cups of guacamole. If you're going to store leftover guacamole, do so in an airtight container, with a piece of plastic wrap pushed down on the surface of the guac. Also throw in one of the avocado pits; Mom swears this helps keep the leftover guacamole from turning brown.
I loved reading the commentary between you and your mom. So easy to relate to that!
I love guacamole and make it almost every week, but have never tried adding Lawry's to it. I don't keep that seasoning on hand, but I found a copycat recipe online and have everything. So, I may try this today!


One of the leading politicians in the US has made a clear promise to help block any US-UK trade deal unless the Good Friday Agreement is protected.
Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi is in Ireland on a 'fact-finding' visit, and will address the Oireachtas.
Ms Pelosi had previously visited Britain and spoken with several politicians including the leader of the Labour party Jeremy Corbyn.
The border between Northern Ireland and Ireland has been a source of much debate around the discussions of Brexit.
Ms Pelosi recently spoke at the London School of Economics. She said: "We made it clear to all, if there is any harm to the Good Friday accord, no (trade) treaty.
Ms Pelosi has frequently clashed with President Trump about policies.
However, Ms Pelosi has promised she will fight against any deal between the two countries if the Good Friday Agreement is not upheld.
She added that the US and the EU should be strengthening their relationship to benefit both parties regarding world trade deals.
She said: "I thought one of the biggest opportunities was for the US and the EU to join together – the biggest market in the world, the two combined – and use that leverage in negotiations with the Chinese.
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar spoke ahead of the meeting with Ms Pelosi: "This visit is more evidence of the deep and historic ties between our two countries and is a good opportunity to further deepen US-Ireland bilateral relations.


At Daniel Burkhardt Associates, we stand with you as your indispensable partner and trusted confidant. We commit the time and attention you deserve to ensure that we understand fully your career goals and the breadth of your professional and personal accomplishments. Because we possess more than a decade of relationship building with law firm and in-house leaders and decision makers, we have the marketplace knowledge and extensive network of connections essential to identifying opportunities and making introductions that will best help you achieve your career objectives.


text:
package org.apache.camel.component.sql;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.camel.builder.RouteBuilder;
import org.apache.camel.component.mock.MockEndpoint;
import org.apache.camel.test.junit5.CamelTestSupport;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabase;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

public class SqlProducerInMultiTest extends CamelTestSupport {

    EmbeddedDatabase db;

    @Override
    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        db = new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
                .setName(getClass().getSimpleName())
                .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
                .addScript("sql/createAndPopulateDatabase6.sql").build();

        super.setUp();
    }

    @Override
    @AfterEach
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        super.tearDown();

        if (db != null) {
            db.shutdown();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testQueryInArray() throws InterruptedException {
        MockEndpoint mock = getMockEndpoint("mock:query");
        mock.expectedMessageCount(1);

        Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
        headers.put("names", new String[] { "Camel", "AMQ" });
        headers.put("licenses", new String[] { "ASF", "XXX", "YYY" });
        template.requestBodyAndHeaders("direct:query", "Hi there!", headers);

        assertMockEndpointsSatisfied();

        List list = mock.getReceivedExchanges().get(0).getIn().getBody(List.class);
        assertEquals(6, list.size());
        Map row = (Map) list.get(0);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("ASF", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(1);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("XXX", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(2);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("YYY", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(3);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("ASF", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(4);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("XXX", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(5);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("YYY", row.get("license"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testQueryInList() throws InterruptedException {
        MockEndpoint mock = getMockEndpoint("mock:query");
        mock.expectedMessageCount(1);

        Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
        headers.put("names", Arrays.asList("Camel", "AMQ"));
        headers.put("licenses", Arrays.asList("ASF", "XXX", "YYY"));

        template.requestBodyAndHeaders("direct:query", "Hi there!", headers);

        assertMockEndpointsSatisfied();

        List list = mock.getReceivedExchanges().get(0).getIn().getBody(List.class);
        assertEquals(6, list.size());
        Map row = (Map) list.get(0);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("ASF", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(1);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("XXX", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(2);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("YYY", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(3);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("ASF", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(4);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("XXX", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(5);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("YYY", row.get("license"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testQueryInString() throws InterruptedException {
        MockEndpoint mock = getMockEndpoint("mock:query");
        mock.expectedMessageCount(1);

        HashMap<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
        headers.put("names", "Camel,AMQ");
        headers.put("licenses", "ASF,XXX,YYY");
        template.requestBodyAndHeaders("direct:query", "Hi there!", headers);

        assertMockEndpointsSatisfied();

        List list = mock.getReceivedExchanges().get(0).getIn().getBody(List.class);
        assertEquals(6, list.size());
        Map row = (Map) list.get(0);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("ASF", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(1);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("XXX", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(2);
        assertEquals("Camel", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("YYY", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(3);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("ASF", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(4);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("XXX", row.get("license"));
        row = (Map) list.get(5);
        assertEquals("AMQ", row.get("PROJECT"));
        assertEquals("YYY", row.get("license"));
    }

    @Override
    protected RouteBuilder createRouteBuilder() {
        return new RouteBuilder() {
            @Override
            public void configure() {
                // required for the sql component
                getContext().getComponent("sql", SqlComponent.class).setDataSource(db);

                from("direct:query")
                        .to("sql:classpath:sql/selectProjectsInMulti.sql")
                        .to("log:query")
                        .to("mock:query");
            }
        };
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Installation guide Endnote MAC - students
Endnote installation for students - Windows
A place to go and study
Danish language courses on the Web
MitSDU (MySDU) Study programmes Bachelor Library Search for Theses
Find Theses and PhD Dissertations from SDU
Online access to SDU Theses
Since 2017 SDU Library has offered online acces to approven theses from SDU students in a study sorted list.
Some departments / studies have made some overview sites with selected theses, which are also accessible online
MSc.it. - Web Communication
Access to printed theses
You can also search for printed theses and master's dissertations from SDU in the Library Catalogue and in Summon, and order them to read; in the monitored reading rooms. You can't loan the printed theses to take home. Some of the them have clauses and therefore you can't access them all.
In the Catalogue
Use Advanced Search to search for theses.
Limit to "specialer" by Material (at the bottom of the page).
Search for the department from which you want the theses. For example, if you type "Department of Political Science" in the field of words or sentences, you will see the theses approved at the SDU Deparyment of Political Science.
Click Place Hold at the theses you would like to read. After you log in for the first time, you can order more.
You can't search for these theses by topic search, as it is not all the topics that are subject indexed.
In Summon
Use Advanced search to search for theses in Summon.
Find Content Type and select "Student Thesis".
Search at the department from which you want the theses. For example, if you write "Department of Political Science" in the "All fields"-box, you will see the theses approved at the SDU Department of Political Science.
When searching for theses in Summon, Summon refers you to the Catalogue, when you tap the individual title. Here you order and log in. If you are looking for theses in Summon, and therefore need to switch between Summon and the Catalogue, you will need to log in every time you want to order a new thesis.
PhD dissertations from SDU can be searched via the Danish National Research Database some can be accessed in pdf. Dissertations from the Faculty of Humanities in SDU can also be accessed via Ph.d.-dissertations since 2001 (in Danish only).
Books on writing master theses and dissertations
You can find a lot of literature about writing theses and dissertations. Find and order what you need through the Library Catalogue.
More Theses and Dissertations
Theses from other Danish and international universities
Search for PhD theses at University of Southern Denmark
Ph.d. Theses registrered in PURE


Situated in the south-western Pacific Ocean around 1,500km east of Australia, New Zealand consists of two main islands, the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu), separated by the Cook Strait. Between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled on the islands developing the Māori culture.
New Zealand is a paradise of forests, lakes, mountain peaks, rivers, beaches, crystal clear bays and lush green vegetation that takes your breath away.
Auckland, former capital and the largest urban area in New Zealand is the centre of industry and commerce and possibly the most bustling, vibrant multicultural city in New Zealand. With a landscape of volcanic hills, twin harbours, beaches and islands its nicknamed the city of sails with more boats per capita than anywhere else around the globe.
The capital city Wellington is the political, cultural and administrative hub of the country with a population of just over 400,000. Its hilly landscape and extensive harbour instantly capture first-time visitors. It has some of the finest art galleries, museums, microbreweries, restaurants and coffee houses with a bounty of historic buildings and streets and no visit complete unless you've taken a ride in its famed cable car.
The largest city on the South Island is Christchurch, charming with extensive inner-city public gardens and parks, the shallow Avon River ambling through the city and Cathedral Square. Canterbury scenery from stunning beaches to the jagged peaks of the Southern Alps is impossible to ignore.
Hamilton, centrally located in the upper North Island is a progressive, vibrant and growing city located alongside the Waikato River, the longest in New Zealand. The city is laid back with outdoor attractions of hot pools, lakes, beaches, mountains and caves.
New Zealand has a moderately high rainfall with mild temperatures with most of the country enjoying over 2000 hours of sunshine annually with the sunniest regions having over 2350 hours.
Spring : September to November – 16 to 19°C.
Summer : December to February – 20 to 25°C.
Autumn : March to May – 17 to 21°C.
Winter : June to August – 12 to 16°C.
There's no negative period for travel to New Zealand, other than families having their annual vacation from mid-December to the end of January. Cheap flights to New Zealand are available during the off-seasons. If you're going for summer you need to secure accommodation in popular areas early. Travel during winter, excluding skiing locations and the July school holidays, doesn't warrant pre-booking with excellent rates, but not such great weather! Visiting during spring presents a beautiful countryside budding with new life and blossoms while in the South Island, late snowfalls may occur in September. Summer is the peak tourist season when airfares and accommodation are at their highest, try and book six months in advance.
For a relaxed journey, travel by train affords scenery not visible from roads as you move through parks, over volcanic terrain, river valleys and along rugged coastlines in between cliffs and the ocean.
Driving yourself is also an ideal way to tour. There are plenty of well-known car rental companies to choose from and you can also rent a motorcycle.
Enjoy a ferry or water taxi to get from one island to the next, available virtually everywhere throughout the country.
Travelling by bus or coach is flexible, cost effective with daily scheduled services all over the country and loads of companies serving main tourist routes.
Te Papa Tongarewa, a national museum in Wellington, is a major cultural attraction.
Explore the beauty of the Abel Tasman National Park at the top of South Island with golden beaches, amazing rock formations and wildlife. You can hike, paddle or take a kayak tour or arrange for a water taxi.
Go the highest point in Christchurch and in the country, Aoraki Mount Cook, Aoraki translated is Cloud Piercer in Maori.
The city of Dunedin is one of the best preserved Victorian and Edwardian cities and home to many of New Zealand's greatest artists, musicians, poets and writers. See some of the world's rarest penguins, an albatross colony, sea lions and fur seals.
Take a 30 minute drive from Hamilton city to Raglan, the country's foremost and globally known surf spot.
Have an unforgettable experience with a helicopter flight over the Franz Josef Glacier, the perfect way to view the 7.5 mile long glacier with spectacular landscapes of the Southern Alps.
Paradise for divers is Poor Knights marine reserve, off Northlands east coast, with crystal waters and underwater cliffs, caves and tunnels.
Take a Black Water Rafting trip to the underground Waitomo Caves filled with weird shapes or have a thrilling river rafting experience down the Tongariro River with superb rapids and excellent trout fishing.
Guaranteed fun in Kaikoura offers whale watching and swimming with fur seals.
Birders can try kayaking in the Okarito Lagoon, the largest original wetland in the country with a marvellous array of birdlife.


As seen in this article, "Law students have just wrapped up celebrating their graduations, and are preparing to enter the workforce. But everyone seems to agree that law school doesn't prepare graduates to actually practice law. Here, veteran lawyers tell us what they wish they knew when they graduated, and impart advice to their soon-to-be colleagues."


These label covers are made from high quality acetate with a permanent adhesive and are designed for covering and protecting barcodes, whilst colour coding the book. They can also be used to protect school pack labels or simply used on their own for colour coding. Available in Clear and the following 10 colours: Rose Pink, Pale Blue, Beige, Green, Grey, Orange, Pink, Red, Violet and Yellow.


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NEXT CHALLENGE, PLEASE.
The BMW X3.
Efficiency highlight
Start interaction
The BMW X3 in action
NEXT CHALLENGE, PLEASE.The BMW X3.
Fuel consumption combined in l/100 km (18d)
5.1–4.7 [5.1–4.7]
CO2 emissions in g/km (18d)
134–124 [136–126]
Luggage compartment capacity in l
40/20/40 backrest
As the first Sports Activity Vehicle, the BMW X3 was once the founder of its vehicle class. And the current generation of the all-rounder remains faithful to its tradition: exceptionally comfortable and extremely flexible, the BMW X3 is ideally suited to everyday challenges and equally so to lengthy journeys. While the exterior is characterised by the typical BMW X character, the interior inspires thanks to selected materials that convey an impression of especially high quality. The BMW X3 also impresses with its economical BMW TwinPower Turbo diesel and petrol engines.
DISCOVER THE BMW X3.
Efficiency.
Comfort & Functionality.
The latest version of the vehicle that once founded the class of Sports Activity Vehicles in its segment retains its unmistakeable charisma. At the same time, the BMW X3 appears more athletic than ever before – and, on the inside, emphatically underlines its outstanding premium character with high-quality materials.
The BMW X3 is ready for any challenge. This is especially true of its drive system. With intelligent technologies from BMW EfficientDynamics as well as its advanced energy management, it offers driving pleasure and agility – and, at the same time, reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
No matter what daily life may bring, the BMW X3 faces up to every challenge. And with its ingenious functions, it turns every adventure into child's play. The generous interior and luggage compartment can be adapted to suit all requirements, ensuring top-quality comfort and functionality. Discover your urge to discover – and experience it to the full: with the BMW X3.
FROM 4.7 L
Innovative BMW TwinPower Turbo technology, common rail direct injection and aluminium lightweight construction make it possible: The redeveloped 4-cylinder diesel engine in the BMW X3 combines impressive performance with a further improvement in fuel economy and emissions. Particularly economical figures come from the entry model among the diesels, the BMW X3 sDrive18d, with fuel consumption of 5.1 to 4.7* l/100 km (with 8-speed Steptronic transmission 5.1 to 4.7* l/100 km) and CO2 emissions of 133 to 123* g/km (with 8-speed Steptronic transmission 135 to 125* g/km). The vehicle proves to be clearly more generous in terms of driving performance – it can sprint from 0 to 100 km/h within 9.5 s (with 8-speed Steptronic transmission 9.8 s) and has a top speed of 195 km/h. In contrast, the slightly larger engine of the BMW X3 xDrive20d achieves a maximum speed of 210 km/h and covers the dash from 0 to 100 km/h in 8.1 s. Once again consumption and CO2 emissions remain extremely moderate: figures of 5.5 to 5.1* l/100 km (with 8-speed Steptronic transmission 5.3 to 4.9* l/100 km) and 145 to 135* g/km (with 8-speed Steptronic transmission 139 to 129* g/km) speak for themselves. Thanks to BMW BluePerformance, the 4-cylinder diesel engine also complies with the EU6 emissions standard.All figures were determined in accordance with the EU test cycle and depend on the selected tyre format.
* The lowest figure was achieved with the special equipment SA 2AM 17" light alloy wheels Streamline 306, which are subject to an additional charge.
THE BMW X3 AT A GLANCE.
Discover Exterior Design
Discover Interior Design
Discover Comfort & Functionality
Discover Lines & Equipment


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One Min Changemaker
Refinitiv announces the launch of the Future of Sustainable Data Alliance
Written by: Refinitiv
First-of-its-kind alliance has been formed to drive the acceleration of sustainable finance through data; founding members include Refinitiv, World Economic Forum, United Nations, IIF, ASIFMA, Tsinghua University, OMFIF, GFMA, Climate Bonds Initiative, FinTech4good, Everledger, Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, Bank of Africa-BMCE and GoImpact.
Davos/London/New York/Singapore – Building on its commitment to drive positive change through its data and insight, Refinitiv has today announced the launch of the Future of Sustainable Data Alliance (The Alliance) in conjunction with the World Economic Forum, United Nations, IIF, OMFIF, Tsinghua University, ASIFMA, GFMA, Climate Bonds Initiative, FinTech4good, Everledger, Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, Bank of Africa-BMCE, GoImpact and other founding member firms. The objective of The Alliance is to accelerate the mobilization of capital into sustainable finance. The Alliance will solve the question: What data do investors and governments need to meet the requirements of both regulators and customers for sustainable investments and products in pursuit of the 2030 Agenda.
The Alliance: "Fundamental ESG data access and additional alternative data sets are seen as key drivers to help investors make sustainable investment decisions and positively contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals."
Climate change and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) continue to accelerate the drive towards sustainable finance, however information to quantify, measure and compare impact is in its infancy. Companies both public and private require disclosure standards on tracking, managing and reporting such information to their stakeholders. The lack of actionable data and standards results in capital markets that are unable to fully understand and integrate sustainability considerations, and as a result allocate capital to inefficient and sometimes environmentally or socially damaging activities, projects and assets. Fundamental ESG and alternative data are required to make sustainable investment decisions and to positively contribute to the UN SDGs. The Alliance aims to identify and consolidate the data required now and in the future.
David Craig, CEO of Refinitiv, said: "The need to channel capital towards the UN SDGs is urgent and the financing requirement immense. Today, many asset managers state that they don't have enough data to help finance major transitions such as changes in demographics, climate change or addressing the shifts in global markets. It is therefore critical to define and make ESG more of a science than an art. Refinitiv is proud to be a founding member of the Future of Sustainable Data Alliance and is committed to providing investors with the data they need to channel capital towards the financing of the SDGs."
Mainstreaming climate and environmental data into capital markets in decision-useful form requires standardization. With greater support and collaboration for standardization and innovation, investors will have the guidance and tools needed to tailor their investments and fulfil their fiduciary duties through: better quality and more widely available data on sustainability and performance; superior data analytics through the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning; and more informed judgements of strategic resilience.
The Alliance is expected to grow over the coming months to include different stakeholder groups with deep expertise in areas covered by the UN SDGs. Its creation was inspired by Refinitiv's partnership with the UN Secretary General's Task Force on Digital Financing of the SDGs and the Future of Finance report, which shows that the availability of reliable ESG data and SDG impact data is crucial for accelerating more SDG investments at scale.
Matthew Blake, Head of Financial & Monetary System Initiatives, Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum, said: "Access to data is central in the transformation to a low-carbon, sustainable economy. Only through access to fundamental ESG data can firms make informed sustainable investment decisions and comply with UN Sustainable Development Goals. We are delighted the Future of Sustainable Data Alliance is forming to take on this critical role ensuring that this much needed commodity is structured and made widely available."
Tim Adams, President and CEO of the Institute of International Finance, said: "Reaching the ambitious targets set forth in the UN SDGs will require mobilizing trillions of dollars' worth of funding for sustainable projects. Currently the world is sitting on more than USD 300 trillion in global wealth, but there are obstacles to tapping this pool of capital—including a lack of high-quality, accessible, and actionable data. The Future of Sustainable Data Alliance is a critical step towards breaking down these barriers and scaling up funding for the Sustainable Development Goals."
Last year, Refinitiv made several pledges in support of the SDGs. Refinitiv is now carbon neutral and 100% powered by renewable energy. Our next generation of sustainability goals will further strengthen our greenhouse gas emissions targets and disclosures, and we will continue to robustly assess all climate risks and opportunities across the business.
Refinitiv is a strategic partner to the UN Task Force on Digital Financing of the SDGs committed to harnessing the power of data to bring about insight and drive informed decision making. As members of the UN Global Compact, Refinitiv is part of a community of 9,000+ businesses across 135 countries that are committed to operating with responsible business practices at its core. Refinitiv is also a member of the Technical Expert Group (TEG) on Sustainable Finance advising the European Commission on the sustainable agenda alongside other private sector experts.
Refinitiv has been serving the financial industry with fully integrated and objective ESG data and solutions for over 15 years, providing a fully transparent resource that is trusted by investors and corporates to drive positive impact and make more informed investment decisions.
To learn more about the Future of Sustainable Data Alliance, please visit: http://futureofsustainabledata.com/
About Refinitiv
Refinitiv is one of the world's largest providers of financial markets data and infrastructure, serving over 40,000 institutions in approximately 190 countries. It provides leading data and insights, trading platforms, and open data and technology platforms that connect a thriving global financial markets community - driving performance in trading, investment, wealth management, regulatory compliance, market data management, enterprise risk and fighting financial crime. For more information visit: www.Refinitiv.com.
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Considering it's New Zealand, I thought the news was going to involve mutton on pizza or something. Thanks for sharing! I hope you are in an Ohio place safe from the recent tornadoes.
I prefer pepperoni, myself. The tornados were over by Toledo, near Detroit. We are about two hours to the East, or more.