text:
World Hunger Rises With Climate Shocks, Conflict and Economic Slumps
Written by Georgina Gustin, InsideClimate News
Gustin writes: "The combined forces of climate change, conflict and economic stagnation are driving more people around the world into hunger, reversing earlier progress, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization reported on Monday."
A woman in Zimbabwe inspects a stunted cob in her dry maize field in March 2019. Eastern Zimbabwe has been struggling with drought-induced hunger. An estimated two billion people currently face food insecurity around the world. (photo: Jekesai Njikizana/AFP/Getty Images)
By Georgina Gustin, InsideClimate News
A UN report shows an estimated 2 billion people now face moderate or severe food insecurity as the planet warms.
he combined forces of climate change, conflict and economic stagnation are driving more people around the world into hunger, reversing earlier progress, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization reported on Monday.
Although the numbers fluctuate as economies rise and fall, conflicts come and go, and climate emergencies intensify and recede, the prevalence of hunger remains stubbornly high. In 2015, rates of hunger began to rise after decades of progress, and while the rates have now stabilized, the overall number of undernourished people is still rising as the population expands.
The FAO estimates that 820 million people suffered from malnourishment, up from 785 million in 2015. Overall, nearly 2 billion people face either moderate or severe food insecurity, meaning they don't have regular access to nutritious food, the FAO reports.
"Economic shocks are contributing to prolonging and worsening the severity of food crises caused primarily by conflict and climate shocks," the FAO warns in the new report.
It finds that countries experiencing economic declines or those slow to recover from the 2008-2009 global economic downturn are seeing rising hunger and food insecurity. Those most severely affected are in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and Western Asia, but hunger is also increasing in middle-income countries. Of the 77 countries where hunger levels rose, 66 experienced an economic slowdown or downturn between 2011 and 2017.
In previous reports, the FAO explored other primary drivers of hunger, including conflict and climate change. "Overall, it is hard to separate the contribution of each of the three drivers individually to prevalence of undernourishment. This is because economic shocks can directly contribute to undernourishment but also indirectly by exacerbating the effects of conflict and climate shocks," explained Arif Husain, of the World Food Program, which co-published the new report.
"We do, however, know that in 2018 at least 113 million people experienced acute hunger at crises and emergency levels," he said. "Conflict was the key driver for 74 million people; followed by climate vulnerability as the main reason for another 29 million people; and economic shocks as the primary driver for 10 million people."
The report underscores the complex interplay among climate change, conflict and economic stagnation and their combined impact on malnourishment. In drought-ravaged parts of Central America for example, a prolonged drought is stoking higher hunger rates and migration to the region's cities and northward to the United States.
The report also emphasized the urgent need for addressing the role of climate change in threatening global food production, particularly as the global population soars.
"We need food systems that are sustainable, nutritious, inclusive and efficient," Gilbert F. Houngbo, president of the UN's International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), said Monday at UN headquarters in New York, where the report was released. "This means supporting a system that first protects the planet and second provides nutritious and diverse food."
"It is crystal clear to me that any single project today has to automatically embed a climate change dimension," Houngbo said. Otherwise, he said, any action you want to take will not be sustainable.
Climate Change Makes It Harder to End Hunger
Monday's report is the latest this month to emphasize the profound impact of climate change on the ability to sustain the increasing demands of the global diet.
In its latest annual progress report on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals set by global leaders in 2015, the UN said the world was not on track to achieve the first two goals—reducing extreme poverty and ending hunger—largely because of climate change.
"The most urgent area for action is climate change," UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs Liu Zhenmin wrote in his introduction to the report.
"If we do not cut record-high greenhouse gas emissions now, global warming is projected to reach 1.5°C in the coming decades," he wrote. "As we are already seeing, the compounded effects will be catastrophic and irreversible: increasing ocean acidification, coastal erosion, extreme weather conditions, the frequency and severity of natural disasters, continuing land degradation, loss of vital species and the collapse of ecosystems."
The key to reducing hunger rates will be helping small-scale farmers become more resilient and better equipped to withstand climate-related weather extremes, the report said. But it noted that government spending on agriculture and aid to farmers from member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has fallen precipitously since the 1980s.
Much of Expected Crop Rise Will Go to Livestock
Last week, the OECD, along with the FAO, published another report showing that agricultural production is expected to rise 15 percent over the next decade, largely because of technological advancements.
Much of the expected increase in crop production will go toward livestock, feeding a growing demand for protein and dairy products, especially from developing countries and China.
That means agriculture's carbon footprint will continue to be significant, the report says.
The findings also point to another important problem in global food distribution: That while agriculture production is on the rise, adequate nutrition doesn't always reach people equally.
"Frankly, we already produce over 4 billion tons of food annually, of which a third is wasted," Husain, of the World Food Program, explained. "Bottom line—we produce more than enough to feed everyone today despite all this waste. Increasing production is good but it won't solve the hunger problem unless we make food affordable and accessible to all—particularly those living in conflict stricken places around the world."
Last Updated on Tuesday, 16 July 2019 14:21


text:
- Shakespeare: The Critical Tradition
indgår i serie Shakespeare, the Critical Tradition
E-bog Levering med det samme kr. 1.779,95
Normalpriskr. 1.779,95
Fordelspriskr. 1.719,95
This volume documents the reception and interpretation of Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear by critics, editors and general readers from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries. Following an introduction which provides an historical account of the play's critical reception from the earliest times to the present day, the volume presents a selection of original documents, together with contextual head notes and biographical sketches of the authors and a rationale for their selection, as well as a list of suggested further reading.The chronological arrangement of the text-excerpts engages the readers in a direct and unbiased dialogue, whereas the introduction offers a critical evaluation from a current stance, including modern theories and methods. Thus the volume makes a major contribution to our understanding of the play and of the traditions of Shakespearean criticism surrounding it as they have developed from century to century.
Litteraturstudier: skuespil, dramatik, dramatikere
Literary studies: general Literary studies: plays & playwrights

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Muhammad Imran (PhD)
Research Scientist at Qatar Computing Research Institute
Crisis and Humanitarian Computing
Short bio: Muhammad Imran works as a Scientist and lead of the Crisis Computing team at Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI). His interdisciplinary research focuses on natural language processing, social computing, applied machine learning, human-computer interaction, and stream processing areas. He analyzes social media communications during time-critical situations using big data analysis techniques such as data mining, machine learning, and deep neural networks. He develops novel computational models, techniques, and technologies useful for stakeholders to gain situational awareness and actionable information during sudden onset disasters.
Dr. Imran received his PhD in computer science from the University of Trento in 2013. He then worked as a Postdoctoral researcher at QCRI from 2013-2015. Dr. Imran has published over 80 research papers in top-tier international conferences and journals including ACL, SIGIR, IJHCI, ICWSM, WWW, ASONAM, and ACM HT. Four of his papers received the "Best Paper Award" and two "Best Paper Runner-up Award." He has been serving as a co-chair of the Social Media Studies track of the ISCRAM international conference since 2014 and has served as Program Committee for many major conferences and workshops. Dr. Imran co-taught various computer science courses and conducted labs during his PhD from 2009 to 2012 at UniTN. Dr. Imran holds a Master of Science in Computer Science degree with a distinction from the Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad (2007).
For more information, see his detailed curriculum vitae. (Updated September 2020)
Public profiles: Google Scholar | ResearchGate | LinkedIn
Follow @mimran15
CFP Special issue 2020: Special Issue on Big Data in Epidemics in the Journal of Big Data Research. More details here.
CFP Special issue 2019: Special Issue on Using AI and Social Media for Disaster Response and Management in the Journal of Information Processing and Management. More details here.
CFP ISCRAM 2018: The topics of interest to ISCRAM'18 include, but are not limited to: crisis informatics, geographic information systems (GIS), social media studies, human-computer interaction, humanitarian information management, situation awareness, visual analytics. More details.
2017 April: CFP-Special issue - Co-organizing a Special Issue: Social Media in Crisis Management in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (IJHCI). Deadline July 1st 2017. Consider submitting your papers.
2017 April: CFP-Special issue - Co-organizing a Special Issue: Exploitation of Social Media for Emergency Relief and Preparedness in the Journal Information Systems Frontiers. Deadline July 1st 2017. Consider submitting your papers.
2016 Oct: Our paper A Robust Framework for Classifying Evolving Document Streams in an Expert-Machine-Crowd Setting. got accepted in ICDM 2016 conference.
2016 Sep: - Delighted to give a keynote talk at the ICIC-2016 conference.
2016 May: - Received the Best Paper Award at ISCRAM 2016 conference for our paper Cross-Language Domain Adaptation for Classifying Crisis-Related Short Messages.
May 2016 - Honored to be invited to give a keynote talk at the ISCRAM 2016 conference.
April 2015 - Journal paper got accepted @ ACM Computing Surveys
May 2013 - Best Paper Award @ ISCRAM'13
We were delighted to be awarded the best paper award for our paper Extracting Information Nuggets from Disaster-Related Messages in Social Media. This described our recent work submitted to ISCRAM2013 where we explored the role of microblogging websites during emergencies... more
Scholarly profiles
- ResearchGate
- DBLP
- Scopus
- Slides (slideshare)
- Datasets (CrisisNLP)
- AIDR system
- Crisis Computing blog
- Medium article
- Q&A by OCHA's Centre
© 2009-2019 Muhammad Imran (All rights reserved)


Being the centre of a large agricultural community, Ormskirk had for a long time struggled to bring the commerce side of agriculture into a modern era.
Deals were carried out standing on the market cross and finalised in one of the many local pubs until local businessman and Urban Councillor Mr Thomas Stoner started to advocate a dedicated meeting and business place to offer a more efficient and modern setting for dealing in local farm produce.
Ormskirk ironmonger Josiah Wainwright had utilised a building adjacent to the Kings Arms as an implement store but on his retirement he agreed a sale with Thomas Stoner.
Stoner then engaged local architect John Riding to convert the warehouse storage unit into a meeting place and reading room.
The basement of the building was converted into the required layout of a working corn exchange.
Small mahogany desks were set out in a uniformed plan at which the agents could provide samples of the grain, sell standing crops, deal with all types of buyers, big or small.
Millers, shopkeepers, traders could all negotiate with whichever agent they chose.
Under the presidency of Thomas Stoner, a luncheon was organised to be held at the Exchange Rooms for around 250 local gentlemen and farmers.
The Earl of Lathom was due to attend but was unavoidably indisposed and sent a letter of apology.
The speeches given by those at the luncheon all told of the appreciation due to Thomas Stoner. Superintendant Richard Jervis gave the toast 'Long Life and Happiness to the founder Thomas Stoner'.
The Corn Exchange opened its doors in 1896. On the upper floor there was a generous meeting room and reading room.
The fixtures and fittings were the work of several local trades and tradesmen.
The main contractors were Chisnall and Constantine builders of Aughton Street and Moor Street; James Whittle, builder of 46 Moor Street; Thomas Riding & Son, builders of Chapel St; Thomas Ball, plumber of Burscough Street; John J. Balmforth, ironmonger of 4 Aughton Street; Joseph Ball, ironmonger, Church Street and John Ross Bisett, builder of Burscough Road.
The exterior of the building was designed by Arthur Vaughan Wiggins, (1869-1937) a decorative signwriter and glass painter and the son of Joseph Wiggins, licensee of the Queens Hotel, Aughton Street.
Arthur Vaughan Wiggins travelled to Canada to try to establish his business there.
He had married his second wife, Sarah Helena Groveham Rogerson in Ormskirk Parish Church in April 1898.
Arthur emigrated to Canada with Sarah by 1910 and ran his decorating business in Toronto.
Sarah set out on a return journey to England in May 1915, boarding the RMS Lusitania on May 1. On May 7 a German U Boat fired a torpedo at the ship which sank in 18 minutes, 11 miles off the coast of Kinsale, Ireland.
Sarah was amongst the 764 survivors.
She did not return to Canada, remaining in Southport for the rest of her life.
Arthur moved to the USA and by 1919 he had remarried and gained US citizenship, dying in California in 1937.
The Corn Exchange building was well used by various groups and organisations in the town, for meetings, social gatherings, religious services and auctions.
The Assembly Rooms proved an excellent venue for balls and parties.
In 1903, a new court of the Independent order of Foresters was opened there, with regular meetings being held.
Richard Cherry MP, a member of the Liverpool Diocesan Guild of Change Ringers, gave a demonstration of handbell tinging in the Assembly Rooms.
The importance of the Corn Exchange among the agricultural community had been well established by the time that war was declared in 1914.
By 1915, the impact of the war on the local market prices was starting to have a negative impact on the local farmers and merchants businesses.
The Government was setting low prices and forcing farmers to sell their crops to them.
The Corn Exchange was used as the recruitment office for local men during 1915. There was a recruitment clerk who helped men enlist and he also handed out the khaki armlets to men who had attested.
After WWI, the exchange was competing with the Church House in Church Street as a venue and eventually the building was sold to the newly re-branded Midland Bank, after it changed from the London City and Midland Bank in around 1924 and left its Burscough Street office (now Bentley's).
The exterior facade was completely altered, and there had been a cellar in the adjacent Market Row, which had been a part of the Legs of Man inn.
The wrought iron and glass canopy was removed and relocated to Burscough Village.
Thomas Stoner had left the town in the early 1900s, becoming a commercial traveller for a Liverpool company.
He closed his shop at the junction of Church St and Burscough St and it became Kirkpatrick Clothiers.
Ormskirk Bygone Times continues to research the town's in-depth history and anyone with anything of interest can contact us at www.


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using dto.endpoint.auth.session;

namespace dto.endpoint.workingorders.type
{

	public enum Type {

   	///
	///Stop working order
	///

   STOP,
   	///
	///Limit working order
	///

   LIMIT,}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The St. John's Episcopal Church is a historic church at 117 Harrison Street in Camden, Arkansas.  It is a large cruciform structure, built out of brick with trim of concrete cast to resemble stone.  Its Gothic features include buttresses at the corners and along the sides, and pointed-arch openings for entrances and windows at the gable ends.  The church was built in 1925-26 for a congregation established in 1850; it was designed by the Texarkana firm of Witt, Seibert & Halsey.  It is the city's only Episcopal church.

The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Ouachita County, Arkansas

References

Episcopal church buildings in Arkansas
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Gothic Revival church buildings in Arkansas
Churches completed in 1926
Buildings and structures in Camden, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Ouachita County, Arkansas
1926 establishments in Arkansas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Die Straßenbahn Saint-Étienne () ist ein meterspuriges Straßenbahnnetz in der französischen Stadt Saint-Étienne. Die Stadt Saint-Étienne gehört – zusammen mit Lille und Marseille – zu den drei Städten in Frankreich, in denen die Straßenbahn die Stilllegungswelle der Nachkriegszeit überlebt hat. Ohne Unterbrechung in Betrieb seit 1881, hat Saint-Étienne den ältesten Straßenbahnbetrieb in Frankreich. Mit täglich 70 000 Fahrgästen erbringt die Straßenbahn 49 % der Leistung des Öffentlichen Nahverkehrs in der Region Agglomération Stéphanoise.

Geschichte

Die Anfänge der Straßenbahn gehen auf den 4. Dezember 1881 zurück, als die erste meterspurige Dampfstraßenbahn auf einer Strecke von 5,5 Kilometern zwischen Terrasse und Bellevue eröffnet wurde. Eine weitere Linie ging im Februar 1882, von Bellevue nach Firminy, in Betrieb. Eine 30 km lange Linie von Saint-Etienne nach Rive-de-Gier wurde im November 1882 eröffnet. Daraufhin übernahm die "Compagnie des Chemins de Fer à Voie étroite (CFVE)" das Netz. Seit dem 17. April 1897 fuhren die ersten elektrischen Straßenbahnen auf den Strecken Bellevue ↔ Bahnhof Chateaucreux und Place Dorian ↔ Rond Point; diese wurden von der "Compagnie des tramways électriques (TE)" betrieben. Bis 1914 wurden die meisten Dampfstraßenbahnen elektrifiziert; auf dem Netz wurden 26 Millionen Fahrgäste pro Jahr befördert. Im Jahr 1930 umfasste das Straßenbahnnetz eine Linienlänge von 90 Kilometern. Im selben Jahr ging die TE bankrott, der Betrieb wurde durch die CFVE übernommen. Am 15. Juli 1931 wurden die letzten dampfbetrieben Bahnen aufgrund hoher Betriebsverluste stillgelegt. Am 1. April 1932 wurden die ersten elektrischen Straßenbahnlinien stillgelegt und durch Omnibuslinien ersetzt. In den folgenden Jahren wurden alle Überlandstraßenbahnlinien, außer die Linie nach Firminy, auf Busbetrieb umgestellt.

Während des Zweiten Weltkrieges beschloss die Stadt die Abschaffung der Straßenbahn und deren Ersatz durch den Oberleitungsbus. Die erste Linie wurde am 1. Januar 1942 auf Obus-Betrieb umgestellt. Bis 1952 war nur noch die nachfragestärkste Linie 4 (Terrasse–Bellevue) übrig geblieben, da sich wegen des engen Straßenquerschnitts Busse auf dieser Strecke nicht begegnen konnten. Letztendlich ist es den Fahrgästen der Straßenbahn zu verdanken, dass diese wichtige, aber veraltete Linie gerettet wurde. Nach langwieriger Überzeugungsarbeit einer Fahrgastvereinigung, die mit dem Widerstand der Presse, Politik und Autolobby zu kämpfen hatte, gelang es schließlich, den Erwerb neuer Wagen durchzusetzen.

1958 wurden 30 Einrichtungs-Großraumwagen des Typs PCC nach Brüsseler Vorbild angeschafft, denen 1968 fünf PCC-Gelenktriebwagen folgten. Den neuen Wagen folgte eine vollständige Modernisierung der Strecke. Man schuf eigene Trassen und gestaltete die Haltestellen neu. In den 1960er Jahren beförderte die Straßenbahn 22 Millionen Fahrgäste. Am 1. Januar 1980 übernahm die neu gegründete Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise die Betriebsführung des gesamten ÖPNV in der Region und damit auch die Straßenbahn.

Da die Straßenbahn den Hauptbahnhof Châteaucreux nicht mehr erreichte, wurde statt einer neuen Strecke dorthin im Jahr 1980 ein neuer Fernbahnhof an der Straßenbahnhaltestelle Place Carnot eröffnet. Ab dem 28. September 1980 wurden die Züge der Städteverbindung Lyon – Saint Étienne bis Gare de Saint-Étienne Carnot verlängert, wo die Fahrgäste günstige Umsteigeverhältnisse zur Straßenbahnlinie 4 vorfanden. Eine Strecke zum Hauptbahnhof ging erst wieder 2006 in Betrieb.

Am 1. November 1982 wurde der Ein-Mann-Betrieb aufgenommen. Am 17. Februar 1983 wurde mit der Verlängerung der Strecke um 1,5 Kilometer in Richtung Süden die erste Neubaustrecke Frankreichs nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges eingeweiht. Im Norden, wurde die Linie am 8. Dezember 1991, um 2,2 km von Terrasse nach Hôpital-Nord verlängert. Gleichzeitig gingen die neuen Niederflur-Straßenbahnen von Alsthom-Vevey in Betrieb.

Liniennetz

Das Liniennetz zwischen 1930 und 2010
Das Straßenbahnnetz erreichte im Jahr 1930 mit 90 km seine maximale Länge. Ab 1932 wurden die ersten Linien mit geringen Fahrgastzahlen auf Obusbetrieb umgestellt. Die Stammstrecke (Linie 4) zwischen den Haltestellen Terrasse und Bellevue blieb als einzige erhalten, weil in diesem Bereich die Straßen zu eng für Busse waren. 1983 wurde die Linie 4 nach Süden bis zur neuen Endstation Solaure verlängert, 1991 dann um 2,5 km nach Norden bis zum Hôpital Nord. Insgesamt liegen jetzt an dieser Strecke 27 Haltestellen.

Im Oktober 2006 wurde die dritte Neubaustrecke von der Place du Peuple zum Hauptbahnhof (Châteaucreux Gare) in Betrieb genommen. Sie umfasst sechs Haltestellen. Seitdem gab es in Saint-Étienne zwei Straßenbahnlinien. Zusätzlich zur bestehenden Linie 4 wurde die Linie 5 in Betrieb genommen, die einen Teil der Strecke der Linie 4 mitbenutzte und in einer zusätzlichen Schleife den Hauptbahnhof anfuhr.

Das Liniennetz zwischen 2010 und 2019

Am 30. August 2010 wurde die Linie 5 mit ihrer Schleifenfahrt zum Hauptbahnhof in zwei Linien aufgetrennt, die jeweils am Hauptbahnhof endeten. Außerdem wurde den Liniennummern der Straßenbahnlinien nach dem Vorbild anderer französischer Städte die Linienkennung T (tramway) vorangestellt. Somit umfasste das Liniennetz folgende Linien:
 Die Linie T1 verkehrte von Hôpital Nord nach Solaure und bediente 27 Haltestellen.
 Die Linie T2 verkehrte von Terrasse nach Châteaucreux Gare und bediente 17 Haltestellen.
 Die Linie T3 verkehrte von Châteaucreux Gare nach Bellevue und bediente 13 Haltestellen.

Das aktuelle Liniennetz seit dem 16. November 2019
Seit dem 16. November 2019 verbindet eine Verlängerung der Linie T3 die Station Châteaucreux Gare mit der Haltestelle G. Guichard. Sie führt durch das Stadtviertel Quartier du Soleil und das Gewerbegebiet Zone d'Activités du Technopôle und bindet auch das Sportstadion Geoffroy-Guichard an. Am 15. Juli 2019 fanden erstmals Probefahrten auf dem neuen Abschnitt statt.

Seit Fertigstellung der Spange verkehren die Linien wie folgt:
 T1 von Hôpital Nord nach Solaure
 T2 von Cité du Design nach Châteaucreux Gare
 T3 von Hôpital Nord über Châteaucreux Gare nach Bellevue

An der Station Cité du Design entstand ein drittes Gleis zum Wenden der Züge, weshalb auf der Linie T2 seitdem nur Urbos-Zweirichtungswagen von CAF eingesetzt werden können.

Fahrzeuge

In den späten 1950er Jahren begann die Straßenbahn Saint-Etienne, ihren Fahrzeugpark zu erneuern. Wie vor allem belgische Betriebe griff man auch dort auf das PCC-Konzept zurück, das Ende der 1920er Jahre in den USA entwickelt worden war. Es beinhaltete gut gefederte vierachsige Triebwagen in selbsttragender Leichtbauweise, die höhere Geschwindigkeiten zuließen, gut beschleunigten und dennoch ein befriedigendes Bremsverhalten zeigten. Äußerlich wichen die europäischen Lizenzbauten aber bald deutlich vom amerikanischen Original ab. 30 solcher Einrichtungs-Fahrzeuge mit nur 2,02 m Wagenkastenbreite und Stangenstromabnehmern entstanden 1958/59 in Lizenz bei den Ateliers de Strasbourg. Sie trugen die Nummern 501 bis 530, wurden 1982 modernisiert und 1998 ausgemustert.

Nachdem La Brugeoise et Nivelles (BN) 1962 erstmals einen sechsachsigen Gelenkwagen in PCC-Bauweise für die Straßenbahn Brüssel vorgestellt hatte, erwarb auch Saint-Etienne 1967/68 fünf derartige Triebwagen (Nummern 551 bis 555). Der Wagen 551 wurde 1982 modernisiert erhielt die neue Nummer 001. Alle PCC-Gelenkwagen wurden 1998 abgestellt, sie sind 2019 aber noch vorhanden.

Neues Wagenmaterial – in Form von Straßenbahnen ähnlich dem Typ TFS (Tramway français standard) – wurde ab dem 30. Juli 1991 angeliefert. Die vom Berner Be 4/8 abgeleiteten Niederflur-Straßenbahnen lösten sukzessive die alten PCC-Wagen ab, welche das Überleben der Straßenbahn in der Stadt gesichert hatten. Unter der Federführung von GEC Alsthom waren die Unternehmen Vevey (Wagenkasten), Duewag (Gelenk, Drehgestelle) und Faiveley (Falttüren) an der Entwicklung und dem Bau der Fahrzeuge beteiligt. Die Niederflurstraßenbahnen sind 23,2 m lang und 2,1 m breit, die Einstiegshöhe liegt bei 36 cm. Analog zu den vorhandenen PCC-Wagen erhielten sie eine Pedalschaltung. Jedes Fahrzeug hat vier Türen und bietet 204 Fahrgästen Platz, davon 43 Sitzplätze.

Die erste Serie wurde 1991 ausgeliefert und umfasste 15 Bahnen, nummeriert von 901 bis 915. Sie wurden ab Dezember 1991 zusammen mit der Verlängerung der Linie 4 von Terrasse bis Hôpital Nord in Betrieb genommen, auf der zuvor bereits die Probefahrten stattgefunden hatten. Da zu diesem Zeitpunkt die alten PCC-Bahnen noch verkehrten, waren die neuen Bahnen mit Stangenstromabnehmern mit Gleitschuh ausgerüstet. Als am 4. Juli 1998 das letzte Fahrzeug vom Typ PCC aus dem Dienst genommen wurde, wurden während der Sommerferien jenes Jahres die Stangenstromabnehmer der Alsthom-Wagen durch Einholmstromabnehmer ersetzt.

1998 wurde die zweite Serie von 20 Bahnen ausgeliefert, die von 916 bis 935 nummeriert wurden. Sie waren von Beginn an mit Einholm-Stromabnehmern ausgestattet und erreichen eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 70 km/h. Insgesamt umfasst der Wagenpark der Straßenbahn Saint-Étienne jetzt 35 Niederflur-Bahnen. Es handelt sich um Einrichtungsfahrzeuge. Die Triebfahrzeuge werden, seit 1993, im Betriebshof "Saint-Priest-en-Jarez" (in der Nähe der Haltestelle Escale) unterhalten. Zuvor befand sich das Dépôt südlich der Haltestelle Bellevue.

Im September 2013 wurde die Erneuerung von 20 Straßenbahnen ausgeschrieben. Den Zuschlag erhielt das Unternehmen
Société Albigeoise de Fabrication et Réparation Automobile aus Albi.

Eine Bestellung über 16 neue Straßenbahnzüge aus der Produktfamilie Urbos ging 2014 an das spanische Unternehmen CAF. Der erste Zug wurde am 1. Juli 2016 ausgeliefert. Die 5-gliedrigen Züge sind 33 m lang und 2,15 m breit. Es handelt sich um Zweirichtungsfahrzeuge, welche auf jeder Seite sechs Türen, darunter vier Doppeltüren, besitzen. Die Züge sind um neun Meter länger als die bisherigen verwendeten und bieten eine um 30 % größere Kapazität. Die ersten Züge aus dieser Tranche sind seit 6. Mai 2017 im Einsatz.

Literatur
 Christoph Groneck: Französische Planungsleitbilder für Straßenbahnsysteme im Vergleich zu Deutschland. Dissertation, Universität Wuppertal 2007 (PDF).
 Harald A. Jahn: Die Zukunft der Städte. Phoibos Verlag, Wien 2010, ISBN 978-3-85161-039-0.

Weblinks

 Offizielle Webseite des Betreibers STAS
 Seite des Autors von Die Zukunft der Städte
 Ein Bilderbogen zur Straßenbahn

Einzelnachweise

Saint-Étienne
SaintEtienne
Schienenverkehr (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)
SaintEtienne


A gentle soap for cleaning and preserving the performance of fine artist brushes. Hand-crafted in Spain according to centuries old techniques.
In Barcelona, Spain a small family business focuses on a very large ambition– to handcraft the finest artist brushes in the world. Since 1933, when Josep Escoda Roig founded the company, three generations of Escoda have served the most discerning artists. Always combining the finest raw materials with obsessive craftsmanship, Escoda brushes are appreciated for their attention to detail and their lasting performance. A family's pride can be felt in every brush stroke.
Escoda uses only the finest hairs and the best hog bristles to ensure a long life and excellent performance that artists expect.
This brush was designed with versatility as its main feature and VERSÀTIL really lives up to its name with an exceptional snap, superior absorption, and fluid retention. It's excellent for use both with watercolor and oil /acrylic, allowing artists to create fine details as well as providing superior performance for coloring large areas and backgrounds. Initial feedback from artists and collaborators has been extremely positive and all agree VERSÀTIL is an exciting new alternative to the synthetic brush world.


The LCP sensor chip surface (1) is functionalized with NeutrAvidin in a planar configuration that is formed on a self-assembled monolayer. The ProteOn LCP reagent kit activates the chip surface by a biotinylated DNA tag so that the chip is able to capture DNA-labeled lipid assemblies through DNA hybridization (compare to the Biacore Biotin CAPture kit). The reagent kit attaches DNA tags to the liposomes in order to anchor them to the chip surface. It is possible to capture two or more layers of lipid assemblies for additional sensitivity. This method of capturing allows for lipid-based interaction analysis, including the analysis of membrane proteins embedded in an intact lipid assembly.
The ProteOn liposome capturing kit includes the LCP sensor chip, the LCP capturing reagent kit required for using the sensor chip, and lipid modification conditioning solution used to clean and stabilize the chip surface prior to capturing liposomes. The reagent kit includes sufficient reagents for the use of two LCP sensor chips (2).
(3) Bio-Rad Bio-Rad Website Sensor chips. (2012). Goto reference and select USA.


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Tag Archives: Georgian food
From India to Fulham – On the Track of a Love Story
Some time ago I bought a battered little book from an on-line auction site for a few pounds. It measures approximately 8 x 6.5 inches (10 x 6 cm), the cover was battered and the thin spine had given way completely. The pages inside were loose and covered in handwriting in ink that, in places, had faded badly.
Many pages were difficult to read but I saw at a glance that it was what I had hoped – a book of household recipes and hints that some careful 19th century housewife had collected. But who was she and when did she keep her notebook?
Inside one cover was "9, High Row 60£" and "G.G.Mills Esq, North End Terrace, Fulham". Somehow I didn't think that Mr Mills himself was carefully collecting recipes for raspberry vinegar or fish sauce. The other cover, amidst various scribbled notes, had, "Mrs Bernard Ryan", the date 31st August 1812 and "Kensington Wilds Library Hornton St." There was also a strip that had been torn from a letter and stuck in with instructions for restoring the lustre to silverware written on it. The letter had been addressed to Mrs Mills. The glue obscures the notes in the top left hand corner of the inside cover but it is possible to read "1819 Sept 21st", "G.G.M 10th Dec 1819" and very faintly below that "To make good curry."
So, I had a Regency housewife's notebook – but if this belonged to Mrs Mills, who was Mrs Bernard Ryan? And why had someone apparently tried to copy Mrs Bernard Ryan's name in wobbly handwriting above it as "Mrs Renard Ry"? A child, perhaps?
I began with the library by digging in on-line newspaper indexes and soon found that F. P. Wild's Library at 8, Hornton Street, Kensington appears in newspaper advertisements for newly-published books between 1816 and 1825. It seemed I was definitely dealing with someone living in London
Then I turned to genealogy websites and discovered that a George Gillam Mills was resident at North End Terrace, Fulham when he died in May 1844 aged 74. He was buried in the District Chapel of the Parish of St Mary's, North End, Fulham on 17th May. I tried to find North End Terrace on maps but could not pin-point it but but North End Road joins Hammersmith Road just where St Mary's Chapel, now a church, stands. It seems likely that it was at the northern end of the road that Jean and George lived. Until the late 19th century North End was a scattered hamlet of houses along North End Road surrounded by fields and market gardens and included many substantial properties and villas owned by prosperous middle class and aristocratic families.
Now I knew Mr Mills' first names I could chase him further and found that on the 15th May 1815 he had married Jean Ryan, a widow, at St Luke's, Chelsea. They had married by licence and on the bond which he signed to obtain the licence George stated that he was over twenty one years of age, unmarried and living in the parish. It seemed highly likely that Jean Ryan was the Mrs Bernard Ryan named on the inside cover of the book.
I was able to find George's christening record at St Alfege's church in Greenwich on 24th November 1771 with the note that he had been born that month. His parents were Samuel Gillam Mills, a surgeon, and Catherine. So George was from a middle class home and was forty four when he married Jean Ryan.
Could I find 'Jean' marrying a Barnard Ryan? To my delight I found that on 26 August 1805 Lieutenant Bernard Ryan married Miss Jean Forbes in Secunderabad in British controlled India. But sadly the marriage lasted only six years. He died, a Captain in the 12th Regiment of Native Infantry of the Honourable East India Company, aged twenty eight and was buried 17th October 1811 at Fort William in Calcutta (now Kolkata). His will leaves everything to his wife Jean.
This image of the fort is from 1754, but it must have looked very much like this when the Ryans knew it, and having seen it when in Kolkata myself, it is still recognisable today.
In September 1812 the records of the Lord Clive Military Fund Pensions Committee in the Madras (now Chennai) Presidency show that a pension of two shillings and four pence a day was granted to Mrs Jean Ryan, widow. Soon after this she must have set sail for England, a voyage of perhaps a year unless she was very lucky with the weather.
How did the widowed Mrs Ryan meet Mr Mills? How old was she? That at least I could answer because her burial record for 19th March 1825 gives her age as only forty. She had been twenty when she married Bernard and thirty when she married George. But her second marriage to a man fourteen years her senior seems to have been a happy one because below a recipe for stewing flounders she wrote: "13th April 1820 – recd. a New Crown Piece from Darling Husband. Keep Sake."
What happened to George? He was a prosperous businessman and civil servant, it seems. In 1815 he was Cashier of Half-Pay at the Army Pay Office in Whitehall and in 1819 had been promoted two steps up to Ledger Keeper. The Royal Kalendar and Court and City Register for 1817 and 1819 lists him as one of the directors and an auditor of the British Fire Office, "for assuring Houses, Goods and Ships" located at Cornhill in the City. How did he pass the nineteen years of widowerhood? I hope he had a good housekeeper who cooked him some of the familiar recipes from Jean's notebook.
The notebook itself has a wide selection of recipes with notes on who gave them to her, a good selection of curries – not surprisingly perhaps – and notes on everything from making mistletoe grow to polishing a mahogany table. I transcribed the whole book and Mock Oyster Sauce and a Cure For Corns: A Regency Lady's Receipt Book is out in April but available to pre-order now.
Filed under Domestic life, Food & drink, Military
Tagged as East India Company, Fulham, Georgian food, Regency housekeeping, Regency recipes
Catching a Cawchery in a Slap-Ang Shop – Eating In the Regency Underworld
You are slumming it in Regency London – perhaps you're in cheap lodgings avoiding your creditors, or dodging a furious father armed with a shotgun or your gambling habit has got the better of you and you are seriously out of pocket. You have found your cheap lodgings – a miserable, unheated room that you share with bedbugs, fleas, mice and the other inhabitants of your straw pallet – now you need to find something to eat. [The print above is of Logic's lodgings in one of the Tom & Jerry tales by Pierce Egan. Note the dome of St Paul's behind and the pawnbroker's shop with its three gold balls on the left.]
A respectable eating house with a decent daily ordinary might be within your means, otherwise you'll be looking for a grubbery and, in this kind of area, it is probably a hand-in-pocket shop where ready money is expected and no credit is given or even a slam-bang or slap-ang shop, the lowest form of cook shop. Even if you are clammed, sharp-set or positively gutfoundered, you'll still be hoping that it isn't run by a cook ruffian, a really bad cook who'll beat all to a todge, or unrecognisable mess.
If all you can afford is buster and beeswax or bread and cheese, it will taste better if it has been toasted to make a Welsh rabbit or, failing the cheese, you may have to make do with a scratch platter or tailor's ragout of bread and sliced cucumbers slopped in vinegar.
If there's a smell of cooking meat the chances are it will be a sheep's head – baked to make a Bloody Jemmy or Field Lane Duck or boiled with onions which makes a German Duck. But that might be too expensive so you settle for a galimaufry, a hodge-podge of leftovers or a cawchery, a stew (best not to investigate the ingredients). If you are lucky it might be padded out with some naked boys – rather lumpy dumplings. Below is a detail from "Tom and Jerry Masquerading Among the Cadgers in the Back Slum in the Holy Land" with the diners tucking into their food next to the stove while a riot breaks out in the background.
Just when it all seems hopeless and you are contemplating a diet of flummery – oatmeal and water boiled to a jelly – one of your friends turns up with a loan and you can foul a plate and polish a bone with them and treat yourselves to an alderman – a fine roast turkey with a garland of sausages in place of the alderman's chain of office.
As for what you'll drink with your alderman, that's another story – but the chances are you'll be washing it down with a tankard or two of heavy wet.
Francis Grose toured the back-slums and the rookeries of London in the 1780s collecting cant and slang terms for his Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, assisted (or possibly supported) by his servant Batch. Judging by his portrait Grose had sampled plenty of naked boys, aldermen and Bloody Jemmys himself. He inspired a number of imitators (and downright plagiarists) but all these late Georgian slang dictionaries are arranged in alphabetical order of the terms defined. Regency Slang Revealed takes four of them and organises them thematically, with an index – the perfect guide for the explorer of the Regency underworld.
Filed under Books, Entertainment, Food & drink, Street life
Tagged as Francis Grose, Georgian food, Georgian poverty, Regency food, Regency slang
A Georgian Foodie Delight – Potted Char
Sitting on my bedroom window ledge is an early 18thc pearl-ware dish. It is 16 cm across and 4 cm deep and fish are swimming all around the side. They look a little like trout but they have bright red fins, gills and lips. These are the rare char and the dish was specially made for potted char, a Georgian delicacy.
Char (salvinus alpinus) are survivors from the Ice Age and occur in Britain only in a few deep, cold lakes – chiefly Windermere and Coniston in the Lake District and one or two in Scotland and W ales – where the water temperature never rises above 20˚C. They have been a rare treat since at least Tudor times – Henry VIII used to have barrels of them sent to his palaces – but I have never tried one so I don't know whether this is a case of rarity making something particularly desirable or whether they really are different and delicious. Apparently the flesh is delicate and pink-tinged. Perhaps a Lake District reader can tell me what they taste like!
Because of the distance from the Lake District to major centres of population the best way to get char to the market before refrigeration was to pot it – cook it with spices, salt and pepper, then seal it into a container with a thick layer of clarified butter on top to keep it sterile.
Intrepid early travellers to the area such as Celia Fiennes and Daniel Defoe wrote of eating potted char for breakfast in the local inns and its fame spread as improved transport and the passion for tourism in the Romantic Age opened up the Lake District to visitors.
Potted char began to spread all over the country, packed into the special dishes like mine, although if you search on-line for 'potted char dishes' you'll find other designs as well.
Because most people would have bought char ready-potted it was difficult to find recipes in my collection of early cookbooks. However, here is one from The Housekeeper's Instructor; or, Universal Family Cook by W.A. Henderson (1807).
Potted char appears to have been eaten much as we eat potted shrimps today (those of us who are lucky enough to get hold of the real thing – tiny brown shrimps, not the big great big pink things!) – with crisp toast. And if you find a char dish, then snap it up. They are very rare survivors and mine was a lucky find at auction after I had seen one on Antiques Roadshow.
Filed under Food & drink
Tagged as Char, Georgian food, Lake District, potted char
It Is August In London – Eat Oysters on Oyster Day or Run Away to the Seaside?
August in London was the time to celebrate "Oyster Day" – the arrival of the first oysters at Billingsgate fish market. The scene on the streets is shown in the first print from Crucikshank's London Almanac. This was a significant day for the poor for whom oysters was a cheap staple. In London Labour and the Poor Mayhew wrote that "the number of oysters sold by the costermongers amounts to 124,000,000 a year. These, at four a penny, would realise the large sum of £129,650. We may, therefore, safely assume that £125,000 is spent yearly in oysters in the streets of London."
In the scene working people queue up at two trestle tables to buy oysters. The vendors are opening them and on the left we can see a coal heaver or dustman, distinguished by his hat with a protective neck flap, pouring some kind of relish or ketchup over his.
A small boy is rummaging under the trestle for empty shells and on the right one lad is building them into a construction while other children holding up shells mob a respectably-dressed couple begging for coppers. An article in the Illustrated London News of 1851 explains what must be happening.
"We will not pursue the calculation into how many grottoes might be built from the shells of a year's supply of oysters…. The coming-in of oysters is observed as a sort of festival in the streets; and in such a nook of the metropolis as the present locality, the grotto is usually built of inverted oyster-shells piled up conically with an opening in the base, through which, as night approaches, a lighted candle is placed within the grotto, when the effect of the light through the chinks of the shelly cairn is very pretty. It is but fair that the young architects should be rewarded for their trouble accordingly, a little band, of what some churl may call urchins, sally forth to collect pence from the passers-by ; and the usual form of collecting the tax [is] by presenting a shell…"
Of course, you might choose to leave the heat and dust of London in August (to say nothing of the smell of discarded oyster shells) and go to the seaside. Brighton, Margate and Ramsgate were closest (if one leaves aside Gravesend, which even in the Georgian period was getting a reputation for being somewhat rough).
Cruikshank has chosen to show bathing machines at Brighton with four burly female "dippers" dunking their quailing customers in the sea. The machines have boards showing the names of the dippers – two for "Mrs Ducks" and one for "Mrs Dipps". In the foreground a lady is entirely enveloped, head and all, in a flannel "case" while in the middle two dippers are about to plunge a slight figure – a teenage girl perhaps – in backwards. A furious baby is getting a relentless ducking at the far end.
The Margate design of bathing machine, invented by Quaker Benjamin Beale, had a hood which came down to shelter the bather's modesty, and perhaps divert some of the force of the waves, but these were not used at Brighton.
Although the seaside holiday is often thought of as a Victorian invention they were very much a feature of the Georgian scene for those who had money and leisure. By 1800 every English county with a coastline had at least one seaside resort. Brighton is perhaps the most famous example, but it was by no means the first – Scarborough probably has best claim to the title, although Margate and Brighton were close behind and all three were flourishing in the 1730s, long before the Prince Regent made Brighton notorious.
Brighton did have the benefit of closeness to London that Scarborough did not. In 1821 Dr John Evans remarked on stagecoaches doing the journey in six hours and predicted that balloon travel would reduce it to four hours in the future and in 1823 Cobbett wrote of "stock-jobbers…[who] skip backwards and forward on the coaches, and actually carry on stock-jobbing, in 'Change Alley, though they reside in Brighton." In 1834 four hundred and eight passengers arrived by coach in Brighton in one day, and 50,000 were recorded for the year.
Just as beach-wear and cruise-wear figure in the fashion magazines today, outfits for seaside visits were carefully chosen. Here is one from La Belle Assemblée designed by Mrs Bell for "Sea Coast Promenade". personally I think the wearer has located the gentlemen's bathing beach and has no intention of promenading any further…
Filed under Entertainment, Fashions, Food & drink, Seaside resorts
Tagged as bathing machines, Brighton history, George Cruickshank, Georgian food, Georgian seaside, holidays, La Belle Assemblee, London food, London history, Margate history, Oysters, Regency fashions, Regency London, Sea bathing, seaside resorts
Eating Out In Georgian London – A Regency Good Food Guide
My star ting point for this post is a book that will fascinate anyone interested in Georgian London – The Epicure's Almanac: Eating and Drinking in Regency London by Ralph Rylance, edited by Janet Ing Freeman (British Library 2012).
In 1815 Rylance published the first guide to London eating, with, as he put it, the intention of guiding his readers to those establishments where they might 'dine well and to the best advantage.' Incredibly, Rylance claimed to have investigated all the locations himself, over 600 of them. His recommendations range from smart Mayfair hotels, inns, chop houses, markets, tea gardens and cake shops. Poor Rylance must have hoped his work would go into many editions, but it survived only the one and the publisher, Longmans, did not reprint.
Janet Ing Freeman has taken Rylance's original text and investigated all the establishments he mentions, giving us notes on location and lots of interesting snippets about how they developed, who ate there and quotes from other sources. There are original maps to assist. Her detailed scholarly work turns Rylance's book from a curiosity into a useable guide for the modern reader.
In addition to the places where one might eat there is a 'Review of Artists Who Administer to the Wants and Conveniences of the Table' ie shops for kitchen equipment and ingredients. These include Deakin's Philosophical Kitchen Range which may be obtained from the inventor at 47, Ludgate Hill. We are told it 'combines economy with simplicity. It contains an improved oven for bread or pies; a capacious boiler, a place for several stewpans and saucepans with the addition of a moveable steaming apparatus…' The boiler can also be used for distilling. The editor explains that 'philosophical' is used in the sense of 'scientific' and in 1817 prices ranged from 11 to 20 guineas.
One of the most frequently mentioned type of eating place is the oyster room. Oysters were cheap fast food and could be eaten at various shellfish warehouses and in most other eateries. Rylance mentions many oyster rooms such as Lynn's at 145 Fleet Street where 'the best accommodations are upstairs', and Sawyer's, St Martin's Lane noting that it is, 'One of the largest concerns of the kind in London, for the sale not only of shell-fish, but also of pickled and dried salmon, spruce beer and other beverages.'
In my collection I have this print, 'A noted Oyster Room near the theatres -Time 3 o'Clock in the Morning'. (Drawn by Samuel Al ken, published 1823). A very good time is being had by everyone and I strongly suspect that the gentlemen are not accompanied by their wives!
Another popular type of eating place was the coffee house, a very masculine preserve, where coffee was drunk, newspapers read and matters of business and politics discussed. Food was also served in many of them, for example the Piazza Coffee House in Covent Garden, founded by actor Charles Macklin, where 'dinners for large and small parties are served up in the most consummate style of elegance.'
This illustration from Ackermann's Repository of October 1811 shows the Auction Mart Coffee Room in Throgmorton Street. Auctions were often held in coffee houses and the Auction Mart was an attempt to move some of them into a purpose-built venue, although of course it still had to have its coffee room. Rylan ce observes that it was 'fitted up in very neat style. Here soups, and the usual coffee-house refreshments, are served up.' The notes in the Repository are only concerned with the architecture, not the refreshments unfortunately, and the illustration shows an unconvincingly quiet and uncrowded space.
Finally, for another type of establishment, we have the confectioners. As I have an invoice from Parmentier's in my collection I've chosen that one from the many that Rylance describes. Parmentiers was located in Edwards Street (now part of Wigmore Street). 'Here every article is perfected in the true Parisian style of excellence. You find eau de Cologne, pâte de guimauve [marshmallow confections], cachou à la rose, cachou à l'orange et à la violette [lozenge-shaped sweetmeats], papillottes avec devises [small candies wrapped in paper containing jokes or mottoes]. Here are to be had preserves and conserves, wet and dry, jellies, jams, coloured transparent pastes, fruits dried or preserved in French brandies, comfits, lozenges, drops of every colour and flavour, superior macaroons, and rout cakes of the most fanciful forms, with ices and creams.' My invoice is for lemon and orange syrups.
It is still possible to eat in some of the establishments that Rylance mentions. For example The Cheshire Cheese is still in Wine Office Court off Fleet Street, and close to the Bank of England you can eat at Simpson's Tavern in Ball's Court and the nearby George and Vulture in George Yard.
For my next post I'll be discovering some recipes for popular foods in Georgian London.
Tagged as Ackermann's Repository, Georgian catering, Georgian food, Georgian London, London history, Ralph Rylance, Regency food, Regency London, The Epicure's London


Capture That Feeling Of Aerial Adventure!
Your child or grandchild can experience a flying adventure without having to leave the house. Designed with 1 1/2″ solid wood that will stand up to even the most active young pilots. You'll receive both the Piper Cub and the Fighter Jet in this set of plans.
Just Like the Real Video Games!
Let your kids experience a new dimension with our Video Game Cabinet. Designed for Nintendo, Sega, etc. video games. Your T.V. can be tilted for stand-up-play, (just like in the arcades), or level for sit-down play. Either way the kids will be the envy of the neighborhood. There is plenty of storage space in the lower cabinet and we have added casters for easy movement.
The Desk will Grows with Your Child!
Our Adjustable Chair, Computer Work Surface and Monitor Shelf, is designed to grow with your child, ages 3-9 years old. As the child grows, the computer desk & chair also will grow. It's adjustable in three different heights and it will accommodate any PC computer. Ergonomically designed for comfort and safety. Measures: 38″ H x 29″ W x 33″ D.
Do Homework From Your Favorite Chair!
It doesn't matter if you're a student or a professional, most people prefer not to sit at their home desk and do homework after sitting at their office desk or class room desk all day. Plans come with two desk sizes and four different Utility Trays.
Sizes: 21″ x 34″ and 17″ x 28″.
This Bears woodworking plan, like all of our plans for wood projects are actually LARGE woodworking blueprints and every woodworking plans for our wood projects have Step-By-Step Instructions, Detailed Woodworking Illustrations and best of all, our plans for wood projects have Full Size Woodworking Templates. There is no need to redraw our woodworking plans for wood projects, you can get started right away woodworking. Bears, Bears & more Bears wood plans contain Step-By-Step Instructions, Detailed Illustrations and Full Size Templates to build: (1) Child's Bear Bench, (4) Bars Yard Art and (3) Bear Flower Planters. (Excellent Craft Show Product).
Our 3 Perpetual Calendars make great gifts, because they keep on giving year after year. We gave our Perpetual Calendars that unique look that you have come to expect from us. We have added at the top of each calendar; a Intarsia Cat, a Intarsia Duck and one of our 3 Dimensional Wooden Bows. Each calendars measures about 21″ high x 9″ wide. (Excellent Craft Show Product).
Great looking "3 Dimensional Wooden Bows"… They are very easy to make with your scroll saw or band saw. You will receive four different styles with several different sizes in each style. There are four large 24″ x 36" sheets to this set of plans. The plans have Full Size Templates, Detailed Illustrations and Step-By-Step Instructions. The Bows look great on furniture, craft projects and over the windows or doors. Make sure you check out plans #518, "Wall Shelves and Towel Bar", designed just the our "3 Dimensional Wooden Bows".
This Wall Shelves & Towel Bar woodworking plan, like all of our plans for wood projects are actually LARGE woodworking blueprints and every woodworking plans for our wood projects have Step-By-Step Instructions, Detailed Woodworking Illustrations and best of all, our plans for wood projects have Full Size Woodworking Templates. There is no need to redraw our woodworking plans for wood projects, you can get started right away woodworking. They are designed to be used with the "3 Dimensional Wooden Bows" (Bow plans are not included).
This set of plans is truly a great buy… You get all of the Full Size Templates, along with Detailed Illustrations and Step-By-Step Instructions to make the following: Towel Holder, Candle Holder, Small Shelf, Towel Bar, Towel/Robe Hook, Robe Hook, Towel Ring, Magazine Holder, and Large Shelf. You also will receive the Full Size Templates to make 2 different styles of our "3 Dimensional Wooden Bows".
Four Wooden Baskets with Bows.
These delightful Carousel Horses make great gifts. The plans have two sizes to choose from , ranging form 7″ to 10″ in height. They are very simple to make with your Scroll or Band Saw from our Full Size Templates, Detailed Illustrations and Step-By-Step Instructions. This is a great craft show product that will surely be a hit.
Our Snowman with his friends will add a warm welcome to your home. Very easy to make with Full Size Templates.
Our Reindeer Sleigh is very easy to make from our Full Size Templates… Simply trace the Full Size Templates onto your wood and then cut out and paint… It's that simple! This Reindeer Sleigh is designed to go with the Large Christmas Reindeer Plans #6901. Christmas Reindeer Sleigh measures: (19″ High x 28″ Long x 21″ Wide).
New Folding Table that has three different heights. The table is 70 5/8″ long and has three different heights… 27 1/2″ high or 32 1/2″ high or 35 3/4″ high. Great as a picnic table, craft table or that extra dining room table. It's ideal because it folds down to just a few inches for storage. Very easy to build. Save time and money and order our special Corrosion Resistant Hardware Kit that includes all the hardware needed.
This uniquely designed Rocking Portable Sling Chair is perfect for your porch or deck. It's also great at the beach, in your backyard, outdoor events or that vacation get-a-way home. It is the most comfortable portable/folding chair that you will ever sit in. The reason for its comfort is that the canvas actually molds to your body when you sit in the chair. We have found that you can't just "sit" in this chair as in an ordinary chair… You respond… Head supported by a soft headrest… Feet resting comfortable on the matching dual-position footrest… Your favorite beverage, book or magazine is at arms reach on a matching table… but most likely you won't be able to sit still, for you see, this is a Rocking Chair. In this set of plans you will be be able to make the Portable Rocking Sling Chair, Table, Foot Rest, and Magazine Holder. (Excellent Craft Show Product).
Our Salmon Fish Bench is uniquely designed and very easy to build. For those of you looking for that "Craft Show Winner", look no more. This is it, the "Salmon Fish Bench". It's very easy to build, because of the step-by-step instructions, with detailed illustrations and we have full size templates. You don't have to re-draw the plans from a sheet of paper. You can get started right away. Save time and money and order our special Corrosion Resistant Hardware Kit that includes all the hardware needed. (If you order (3) Hardware Kits, we'll give you the plans FREE) (That's a $17.90 value), plus we'll give you FREE Transfer Paper. The Chair measures: 38 1/2″ H x 56 1/2″ W x 22 1/2″ D.
This Civil War Camp Chair woodworking plan, like all of our plans for wood projects are actually LARGE woodworking blueprints and every woodworking plans for our wood projects have Step-By-Step Instructions, Detailed Woodworking Illustrations and best of all, our plans for wood projects have Full Size Woodworking Templates. There is no need to redraw our woodworking plans for wood projects, you can get started right away woodworking! This is an Authentic Civil War Camp Folding Chair folds flat for easy carrying and convenient storage. This is a very easy chair to build.
Our Outdoor Folding Chair, folds open then pulls apart for easy carrying and storage. They are great for most outdoor activities like: backyard decks, boat decks, front porches, backyard lawns, at the beach, in the campgrounds, and in the garden. The chair can also be constructed for a smaller person or to adjust the seat and back.
Our Folding Deck Chairs are extremely comfortable because of the lower back support. The chairs can be custom fit to your body simply by increasing or decreasing the size on a few parts. Both chairs are very easy to build from our Step-By-Step Instructions, Detailed Illustrations and best of all, Full Size Templates. Another reason why the chairs are easy to build, is that most of the parts are made from 2″ x 2″ redwood stock.
down from generation to generation. Our Woodworking Plans are so easy for you to build this project. Our Woodworking Plans come with.
You can build one or all of the Bird Houses. This set of build house plans has a one story, two story, three story and four story bird house. Very easy to build because the parts are interchangeable with one another. As with all or our plan, this plans has Full Size Template, Step-by-Step Instructions, and best of all Full Size Templates.
A wonderful experience awaits you when you build one of our new Bird Houses or Bird Feeders. Our plans are designed so that just about anyone can build their very own Bird House or Bird Feeder from our plans. The plans are actually large blueprints, which contain; Preliminary Procedures, Material List, Cutting List, Step-By-Step Instructions, and Detailed Illustrations. Everyone, including your fine feathered friends, will be impressed with your new Bird Houses and Bird Feeders.
A wonderful experience awaits you when you build one or all 10 of our humorous Bird Houses or Bird Feeders. There are actually 5 different bird designs which you can either make Bird Houses or Bird Feeders. They are designed so that just about anyone can build their very own Bird House or Bird Feeder. Our plans have Step-By-Step Instructions, Detailed Illustrations and best of all, Full Size Templates. (Excellent Craft Show Product).
This Bird House Potting Table can be used outdoors as a Potting Table or you can use it indoors as a Country Table. Also included in the plans is a shelf above the table as shown in this photo.
Birdie's Bar & Grill is a unique Bird Feeder & Water Feeder. A channeled metal roof directs rainwater into a large water storage tank. Inside the tank is a flag pole that raises when it rains… The flag says: "FREE LUNCH". After the flag is raised then the water flows out through two rubber tubes to fill up two water fountains. Bird seed is gravity fed in the front for a continuous supply of food.
We have designed a full line of Squirrel Feeders that will provide many hours of delightful backyard entertainment. From our See Saw Feeders to our Merry-Go-Round Feeders to our Flying Trapeze Feeder, all are designed for mischievous Squirrels. Fifteen Squirrel Feeders that comprise of six different types of feeders. Most Feeders hold "Corn on the Cob" or just about any type of fruit. Many of the Squirrel Feeders can be mounted on a tree or they can set on the top of a fence.
Our Country Coffee Table has two drop leafs that fold out of the way when not in use. When open the table surface measures 30″ wide x 29 " deep. All of the furniture in our Country Collection has the Full Size Templates for the 3 Dimensional Wooden Bows. With or without the Bows, this piece of furniture is simple to build. Check out the rest or our Country Collection.
We're excited to introduce this Country End Table to our line of Country Furniture. The table has traditional country lines with one of our "3 Dimensional Wooden Bows" to give it that unique country look. This table is a very functional piece of furniture. It has two drop leafs that fold out of the way or open up to a 24″ x 29 «" table. Check out the rest or our Country Collection. The furniture will surely become a family heirloom that will be passed down from generation to generation.
A Great Solution For All Of Your Spools Of Thread.
It seems that there is never enough room in your sewing box for all your spools of thread, not to mention trying to find the right color of thread. We have solved that problem with our Country Thread Rack. The Country Thread Rack measures: 30 " high x 31 " wide x 3″ deep. All of the furniture in our Country Collection has the Full Size Templates for the 3 Dimensional Wooden Bows. Check out the rest or our Country Collection. The furniture will surely become a family heirloom that will be passed down from generation to generation.
Un clutter Your Closet floor..
The Shoe Cabinet closes to protect and conceal your favorite shoes. Plans include your choice of country or contemporary back board. It can be made with or without the "3 Dimensional Wooden Bow.
The old fashion type of drying rack is a good idea, but they're so big. They're always in the way and where do you store them? Our Drying Rack folds out of the way into a cabinet when not in use. To give it a touch of elegance, we have added one of our 3 Dimensional Wooden Bows. This is more than just a drying rack for wet clothes, it's great for hanging ironed clothes right after you have ironed them. Just use your imagination to come up with all kinds of uses. When closed it measures: 30 3/4″ high x 30″ wide x 6″ deep.
Turn your window into a Greenhouse with our Plant Stand. This ingenious idea is great for winter time or for Indoor herbs, wheat grass or for starting seedlings. It securely bolts to the wall, allowing full use of blinds or curtains. 81″ H x 35″ W x 11″ L.
While walking through a cramped antique shop several years ago, I came across this multi-purpose piece of furniture. It is believed that the chair was designed by Thomas Jefferson. Some people call it the Thomas Jefferson's Chair, while others call it the Bachelor's Chairs. We call it the ONIT. You can use it as a Chair, (Sit ONIT), or flip it over and you have an Ironing Board, (Iron ONIT), or flip it again and you have a Step Ladder, (Step ONIT). Whatever you want to call it, it's a clever piece of furniture that's both functional and fashionable and will probably become a family heirloom that will be handed down from generation to generation.
Add a special touch to your home with this Shadow Box. The Shadow Box measures: 37 3/4″ high x 30″ wide x 3 1/2″ deep. On the front of the Shadow Box we have added one of our "3 Dimensional Wooden Bows", to give it that unique look.
The Ironing Cabinet hides your ironing board in the back of the cabinet when you're not using it. The board flips up quickly and easily when you need it. And perhaps most importantly, it folds down and out of the way when you're finished ironing. It's an All-In-One Ironing Center that keeps everything within easy reach. The Ironing Cabinet maneuvers with ease because of the swivel casters. This streamlined design contains a surprising amount of storage space. There is only one problem; you will have to make several, because everyone will want The Ironing Cabinet.
Intelligently Designed Tilting Table II.
This intelligently designed tilting table is so versatile your won't believe it. The table has a large and small table top that tilts forward. You can tilt the large table top for writing or to hold a book or dictionary while keeping the small surface flat for your drink. Or you can keep the large table top flat to hold your computer and tilt the smaller surface to hold your notes. Use it beside your desk, next to your favorite chair, or next to your bed. Take it outside and use it over a deck chair for a desk. It's ideal when you need the extra space.
Another intelligently designed table that will slide under your chair or bed at just the right height and angle while you read a book, or eat a meal. The table can also be used for playing games on, or to work on your favorite hobby. The larger table section tilts both forwards and backwards. The top measures; 16″ deep x 20 3/8″ wide, and the height is adjustable. The 2-way tilt lets you place the table on either the left or right side of your chair or bed.
Our uniquely designed and easy to build Adirondack Sling Chair is even more comfortable because we have added a canvas sling. This sling actually molds to your body when you sit in it. the Adirondack Sling Chair still has the wide arms, the perfect place to rest your elbows and hold a tall glass of lemonade, a plate of food or a book. If you add one of our footrests, you may never get up.
View cart "T.V. Tables Woodworking Plans No. 1030" has been added to your cart.


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Tacoma Roof Cleaning
Tacoma roof cleaning - why it's important
While we enjoy the changing of the seasons, the roof on your home does not. In Tacoma roof cleaning is vitally important because the wet weather can cause moss, mildew, and algae to grow. These organisms can cause severe damage to your roof and end up costing you a fortune.
Why deal with the hassle and expense of a major roof repair when you can contact the Tacoma roof cleaning experts at Rainier Window & Gutter Cleaning? We offer fast, dependable Tacoma roof cleaning at a fair price and we even offer routine scheduled service, which means you never have to worry about roof cleaning.
As the premier Tacoma roof cleaning company in the region, we've seen how quickly a roof can deteriorate when ignored. While routine roof cleaning prevents damage to your roof, there are more benefits to roof cleaning than you may realize. They include:
●	Roof cleaning extends your roof's lifespan
●	Roof cleaning enhances the aesthetic appeal of your entire home
●	Roof cleaning prevents common roofing problems like leaks
How often should our Tacoma roof cleaning experts visit your home? Much depends on your locating and your home's natural surroundings, so contact us today for a free quote.
Tacoma Moss Removal
Do you have moss growing on your roof? Many people think moss growth is a minor problem and some homeowners say they like the way it looks. None of which matters because moss growing on roofs can cause significant damage. Our Tacoma moss removal experts routinely see how moss on shingle roofs can compromise shingles, cause leaks, and damage the structure and interior of the home.
Our Tacoma moss removal professionals will come to your home and ensure your roof is free of moss. None of our Tacoma moss removal technicians use pressure washers because they can cause even more damage than moss. Instead, we take our time and do the job right with techniques that are safe, gentle, and proven effective.
Tacoma moss removal - Professional service you can trust
Moss removal isn't necessarily difficult but it does take a certain level of experience to do the job right. Our Tacoma moss removal process includes agitating the moss with a brush to clean it off of your roof before using a backpack blower to clear away debris. Finally, we add a zinc roof treatment that kills all remaining moss and prevents future moss growth. Our zinc treatment is safe for pets and plants.
Contact our team of Tacoma moss removal experts today.
Tacoma Tidbits
Sitting at the foot of the ever majestic Mount Rainier is the city of Tacoma. It is considered as the county seat of Pierce County. It is also the second biggest city in the whole Puget Sound region and the third largest city in the state of Washington.
As reported by the United States Census Bureau, the city of Tacoma has a land area of 62.42 square miles in total. Approximately 49.72 square miles of it is land while the remaining 12.70 square miles is water. The city is elevated at about 243 feet.
In the 2010 census, there were about 198,397 people living in Tacoma but it rose up to 217,827 as of 2019. About 49.4 percent of the total population is male and 50.6 percent is female. The population density in the city is 4,292.14 per square mile.
The name Tacoma is adopted from the neighboring Mount Rainier that was originally called as Tahoma or Takhoma. Since the city was the western endpoint of the Northern Pacific Railroad in the late 19th century, it was often referred to as the City of Destiny.
In its early years, the area was home to Native Americans, mostly the people from the Puyallup tribe. By 1852, Nicolas Delin who is of Swede descent arrived in Tacoma and built a hydro powered sawmill near a creek that was close to the Commencement Bay.
Two years later, Job Carr who was a veteran and a land surveyor, built his home that also served as Tacoma's first post office in the area. Carr sold most of his land to Morton M. McCarver, who then filed for a plat on December 3, 1869 with the name Tacoma City in homage to the indigenous name of the Mountain Rainier.
For food lovers out there, Tacoma presents a variety of dining options. First there is a restaurant called Duke's Chowder House located at 3327 Ruston Way. They only serve sustainable seafood like cod, halibut, rockfish, salmon, and scallops. This initiative is to maintain healthy wild fish populations in places where they source their fresh seafood. This place is a must visit as it one of the best seafood restaurants in the Tacoma area.
Situated at 516 Garfield Street South is Marzano's Restaurant where you can get authentic and delectable Italian meals like pizza, pasta, and a lot more. It has become the finest Italian restaurant in Tacoma. Although if you are under special diets, do not worry because they have vegan and gluten free options too. A lot of people eat at this place everyday so you might want to book a reservation ahead of time.
If you are looking for a quaint and cozy place to eat, you should visit Over the Moon Cafe at 709 Opera Alley. It is a boutique style restaurant that can cater to more or less 40 people. Meals served in this cafe are a fusion of Italian and French cuisine. Their Certified Black Angus Steak is definitely a must try. They also serve vegetarian and gluten-free meals if you are on a diet. In Tacoma, there is something for everyone's taste and preferences.


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Return of the Jedi Almost Had a Much Darker Ending
Star Wars © & TM 2015 Lucasfilm Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
Of all the Star Wars installments we've seen over the past 41 years, Return of the Jedi undoubtedly has the happiest ending of them all. Even now, with Disney owning the franchise, nothing can beat a party full of singing and dancing Ewoks and the emotional reunion of the film's main characters—all set against a backdrop of fireworks.
But originally, the film was supposed to have a much different ending. According to Gizmodo, a transcription of a meeting between George Lucas and co-writer Lawrence Kasdan reveals a much darker idea for the conclusion of the first Star Wars trilogy. After Luke Skywalker takes the mask off Darth Vader, Lucas pitched:
"The mask is the very last thing—and then Luke puts it on and says, 'Now I am Vader.' Surprise! The ultimate twist. 'Now I will go and kill the [Rebel] fleet and I will rule the universe.'"
Kasdan was apparently all for the idea, responding, "That's what I think should happen."
Ultimately, Lucas decided the film "is for kids," and went against his original idea. It probably still could be a cool horror version of Star Wars, but we don't see any space for that kind of violence and evil in the series.
entertainment Movies News Pop Culture star-wars


Comeback victories aren't the norm in Poulsbo, which is why Friday's district playoff win tasted so sweet.
This wasn't the typical North Kitsap High School football victory, not by a long shot.
These Vikings are accustomed to stepping on people's necks early, taking a commanding halftime lead and relying on a sturdy defense to force opposing teams into submission in the second half.
It's not often you see North Kitsap having to storm back from a 10-point halftime deficit at home. But that's what Viking fans witnessed Friday night as the team knocked off River Ridge 33-22 to win a Class 2A West Central District playoff game in Poulsbo.
North Kitsap coach Jeff Weible did his best to keep his emotions in check while speaking about the victory, which put the Vikings into the state tournament for the fifth consecutive season.
"It was by far the most gratifying win I've ever had as a coach — absolutely," Weible said. "To just see the kids persevere. It's going to be what their lives are about. They'll have an opportunity in their lives (when) something is beating them down, they are going to have to face it and fight it and overcome."
1. Heading into the contest, I wrote about how the Vikings' run game has relied on a hot-hand approach this season. The team figures out where it wants to attack opponents' defensive line and tabs one of its capable running backs to take the leading role for that game.
Against River Ridge, that role went to senior Isaiah Kahana, who carried the ball 40 times for 228 yards. He didn't have many breakout runs, but consistently helped the Vikings move the chains and scored a pair of touchdowns, one rushing and one receiving.
"Isaiah, I'm so proud of that kid," Weible said. "He's come a long way in this program. From a kid who couldn't finish a couple football seasons due to grades to turning over a new leaf academically. He was an absolute man tonight."
Kahana credited his offensive line for opening holes for him to run through.
"I was tired at some points," he said, "but I knew I had to keep it going for my team."
2. With River Ridge up 10 points and starting on offense to begin the second half, I told folks on the sideline during halftime that North Kitsap needed to come up with a big play on defense to get momentum turned around.
Sure enough, senior defensive back Blake Wetzsteon made an interception on River Ridge's second play from scrimmage. That set up John Jones' 10-yard touchdown run, which pulled the Vikings within 22-19. On River Ridge's next drive, Wetzsteon picked off another pass and returned this one for a score to put North Kitsap in front 26-22.
Wetzsteon added a third interception with four minutes to go in the game to help seal the victory as North Kitsap's defense pitched a shutout in the second half.
"We just stepped up to the challenge and really knocked some hat," Wetzsteon said.
3. Regarding Jones' touchdown run, Weible said he went deep into his playbook for that call. The Vikings struggled during their previous two trips inside the red zone, coming away with only three points, so they needed a play to catch River Ridge off guard.
"We ran a play tonight we haven't run at all," Weible said.
North Kitsap quarterback Andrew Blackmore faked a lead run to Kahana on the left side and flipped the ball to Jones, who ran a sweep to the right. River Ridge's defense crashed hard down on Kahana, leaving Jones all alone.
"I don't want to pat myself on the back, but that was a pretty damn good call," Weible said.
4. This is a play I noticed while looking at video clips after the game. With North Kitsap leading 26-22 early in the fourth quarter, River Ridge quarterback Tomasi Manu broke into the Vikings' secondary and appeared to be on his way to a touchdown, but linebacker Riley Solis made a diving tackle to bring Manu down at the 8-yard line.
North Kitsap ended up keeping River Ridge out of the end zone and the Hawks missed on a short field goal attempt. River Ridge never got into scoring territory again.
Who knows what might've happened if Manu had reached the end zone on his run and River Ridge had retaken the lead?
5. So here's the deal with the state playoffs: the seeding committee meets Sunday morning in Seattle and Weible is a member of the 2A/1A committee. The teams will be seeded 1-16 and the top eight teams will host games next week. No. 1 plays No. 16, No. 2 plays No. 15, and so on.
It'll be interesting to see where the Vikings are ranked considering they spent most of the season outside the top 10 in the Associated Press state poll and finished second in the Olympic League 2A behind Sequim, which is also headed to state after winning its district playoff game Friday.
Will North Kitsap be ranked behind Sequim? Will the Vikings' success in the playoffs the past five seasons be a factor? It's tough to say, but I'm sure Weible will try to make his pitch to fellow committee members.
My prediction is the Vikings are seeded somewhere in the No. 7-10 range.


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Q: Is Samsung S Health an exclusive Samsung API or is it using Google Fit? In the Samsung Galaxy S6 there is a S Health app that measures heart rate, SpO2, stress and other values. It looks like I can purchase additional apps for this. Is this S Health exclusive to Samsung? When I search online Google Fit API shows up. I'm starting from scratch on my knowledge of this subject.
Background:
I want to make an app that accesses the API's above but I'm not sure if it's an Android API, Samsung API open to developers or a closed Samsung API. How does it all fit together?

A: S Health is now available on a variety of Android devices and is no longer exclusive to Samsung devices.
To make an app that interacts with S Health, you will need an Android development environment and the Samsung Health SDK.  This can be found at: http://developer.samsung.com/health
The SDK download also includes a programming guide that can get you started.  There are also sample apps that interact with S Health here: http://developer.samsung.com/sample-app/list.do

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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We will do our best to accommodate your busy schedule. Schedule an appointment today! Please let us know of a preferred date and time you have in mind.
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Wasatch Eye & Optical is a full service eye and vision care provider and will take both eye emergencies as well as scheduled appointments. Patients throughout the Kaysville area come to Wasatch Eye & Optical because they know they will receive the personal attention and professional care that is our foundation. Dr. Taylor and our team are dedicated to keeping our patients comfortable and well-informed at all times. At Wasatch Eye & Optical, we will explain every exam and procedure and answer all of our patient's questions. Additionally, at Wasatch Eye & Optical, we offer vision financing options and will work with vision insurance providers to ensure good eye health and vision care for all of our patients.
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Q: Read-only permissions on Files When a user is looking at a case or contact, I'd like them to only see Files associated to the record, but not have the ability to upload a File.
Right now, the Standard Files Related List allows for uploads:

I'd like this component to only show existing files, but prevent uploading new files.
I tried looking at Profiles and permissions, but there's no dedicated section for Files (which is not a surprise - they're really a combination of ContentDocument, ContentVersion and ContentDocumentLink), and the related list in the page layout editor doesn't let you adjust the actions you can do there:

I'm trying to avoid having to create a custom lightning component myself, but that seems to be the only route at the moment...

A: I suggest writing a trigger on ContentVersion Object to prevent user from uploading the file on case and contact object. We do not have any such permission to restrict user from uploading a file from local drive if user have the permission to read or edit the object.

To attach files to records:    Read OR Edit on the object

By the way, you have ability to prevent user uploading Salesforce existing files, not from local drive.

*

*From Setup, enter User Profiles in the Quick Find box, and select
Profiles.

*Click Edit next to the user profile you want to change.

*In the Administrative Permissions section, enable or disable the
Select Files from Salesforce checkbox, and click Save.

NOTE:-  Another option is to apply the permission in a permission set.
  Users who have this permission disabled are still able to upload files
  from their local drive. To apply the permission in a permission set,
  from Setup enter Permission Sets in the QuickFind box, then select
  Permission Sets. Edit the permission set and apply the Select Files
  from Salesforce permission.

Reference:- Prevent Users from Attaching Salesforce Files


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Taco (uttalas [tak´o] på svenska, spanska för 'bunt', 'kloss'), plural: tacos, är ett mexikanskt sätt att äta olika maträtter i ett tortillabröd bakat på nixtamaliserad majs men i vissa fall även på vetemjöl, speciellt i norra Mexiko. Principen bygger på att brödet fylls och äts för hand, så kallad plockmat.

I tex-mex-köket används ofta så kallade tacoskal av friterade tortillas bakade på gult majsmjöl. I tex-mex innehåller tacon ofta kryddad köttfärs och kryddstarka salsor. En mexikansk taco skiljer sig i tillredning och ingredienser.

Tacos globalt

Mexiko
I Mexiko förekommer olika sätt att göra tacos. Det finns tusentals olika fyllningar i Mexiko. Bland annat kan nämnas tacos al pastor som görs på fläskkött som kryddats och grillats som en kebab. Den serveras med ananas, silverlök, färsk koriander och såser. Andra populära varianter är tacos de lengua, gjord på kotunga, tripas, gjord av tunntarm från gris, samt alambre med nöt eller kalvkött och bacon.

Sverige
I Sverige avser tacos oftast tex-mex-rätten bestående av tacoskal som värms lätt och fylls med tacokryddad (bland annat spiskummin, paprikapulver och vitlök) köttfärs och diverse tillbehör. Tillbehören varierar, men några vanliga är riven ost, guacamole, tomat, paprika, majs, sallad, gurka, gul lök eller rödlök, vitlök, ananas, kryddig tomatsås (tacosås/tomatsalsa), gräddfil/crème fraîche, kokta bönor och jalapeño. Dessa serveras ofta i separata skålar eller på ett större fat, så att bordsgästerna själva kan fylla sina tacoskal med ingredienser efter egen smak.

Tacos var den vanligaste helgrätten i Sverige 2020 och 2021 enligt undersökningen Matrapporten som årligen sammanställer statistik om svenskarnas matvanor.

Liknande maträtter
 Taco rice
 Burrito
 Fajita
 Nachos
 Enchilada
 Chilaquiles

Se även
 Taco Bell
 Taco Bar

Källhänvisningar

Snabbmat
Kötträtter
Mexikanska maträtter
Majs


With the Cardinals lurching to a 3-9 record before nipping the Pirates 2-1 on Monday night, there's been some discussion on the long-term impact of the slow start. Obviously it isn't helpful to lose so many games early, and a cold start won't enhance your chances of making the postseason.
Lynn tossed seven shutout innings in Monday's 2-1 win.
Though it's absurdly early to sweat over playoff odds, Baseball Prospectus gives the Cardinals a 9.2% percent chance of qualifying for the playoffs. Whatever.
I prefer to save my hyperventilating episodes for a more imposing crisis.
While I can tell you all about the Cardinals' many problems, I can't co-sign on the idea of this team being in serious and perhaps fatal trouble because of a 3-9 start that's now a 4-9 thanks to Lance Lynn's seven shutout innings in the win over Pittsburgh.
If the Cardinals are doomed by losing nine of their first 13 games, it isn't because of the record.
If they are wrecked, it would be because of the bad baseball that's creating the lousy record.
And yes there is a difference.
For example, the 2011 Cardinals got off to a poor start, losing six of their first nine and sitting at 6-7 after 13 games … only two above what the 2017 Cards are right now.
But the 2011 Cardinals weren't DOA because of the lousy start. Though their pitching was middle-of-the-pack stuff in the first three weeks — ranking 15th in ERA — the offense scored plenty of runs. And the fielders caught the ball.
In other words, you could see quality through the murky record.
It was a team that had a lineup anchored by names such as Pujols, Holliday and Berkman.
You figured that things would get better.
And the '11 Cardinals did get going after a mediocre beginning. Not that they took off and sprinted to a division title. Hardly. The Cardinals barely seized the NL's one wild-card playoff spot and claimed it on the final night of the regular season. Still, that was a 90-win team. It looked like an 80-win team in the first couple of weeks. Things worked out, with an October run to the 11th World Series championship in franchise history.
The point is, you could look beyond the unsightly early record in 2011 and have a reasonable expectation of happier days.
It ain't the quality of the record.
It's the quality of the baseball being played.
And even in losing times, the 2011 Cardinals had strengths to lean on.
And if you are concerned about the 2017 Cardinals, it shouldn't be because of the standings on April 18.
It should be because of the team's systematic failure through the first two-plus weeks. The offense is dormant, the defense is sloppy, the starting pitching is erratic, and the bullpen has absorbed too many thrashings. It's a team that's already made too many base-running mistakes. And it's a team that doesn't make smart use of its personnel.
I don't care about the 4-9 record as much as I care about the dullness and incompetence that's baked into that 4-9. For the Cardinals to recover and get it together, they'll have to lean on something — just as the 2011 Cardinals had an offense to sustain them.
Not to make this about one thing — because there are too many shaky areas right now — but if the '17 Cardinals begin to churn quality starts, they'll start winning games. Monday's primer is a good example. Lance Lynn turned in a terrific start, and nobody fussed over the Cardinals scoring only two runs.
The slow start doesn't preclude this team from making the playoffs.
It's hardly unusual for any MLB team to have a 3-9 stretch during the season. Last year the Cubs careened to a 1-9 record during a funk that began June 30. That's hard to believe, considering that the Cubs went on to win 103 regular-season games and then the World Series.
When 3-9 happens in May, or a 1-8 goes down in June, or a solid team gets kicked around for 10 losses in 12 games in late July, we take note and shrug. A 2-9 phase buried in late May, early June — as was the case with the eventual World Series champ 2015 Royals — doesn't draw much attention. But a 3-9 record at the start of the 162-game schedule? Let's freak out.
A lengthy, miserable, unshakable stretch of sluggish, sickly baseball — lasting weeks or multiple months — will prevent the 2017 Cardinals from competing in the postseason.
I think the Cardinals will play better ball … but how much better?
I don't know. That's why you let a season take shape, and breathe a bit.
In the double wild card system (enacted in 2012) we've seen the '12 Reds rebound from a 5-8 start to win the NL Central … the A's had a losing record 13 games into '12 and won the division … we've seen the 2013 Rays get a wild card after stumbling to a 4-9 start … the 2013 Indians took the other AL wild card after losing nine of their first 14 … in 2014, three teams made the playoffs after having a losing record through 13 games … In 2015 three teams made it to the postseason despite having losing records through the first 13 or 14 contests.
As we can see, the 2017 Cardinals are in a place visited by others before them.
Other teams that cleaned up and played for rings in October.
As for the current snapshot in time: if you look around the NL, you don't see any runaway trains.
The best record in the league (9-5) is owned by two teams, the Diamondbacks and Rockies.
Twelve of the 15 NL units are no better than two games over .500.
The Cubs are 6-7, but no one is talking about billy goats.
The National League, early on, is giving the Cardinals a chance to recover.
Will they recover? Can they?
Get back to me later on that.
The early signs aren't encouraging.
Not because of the record … but because of the inferior baseball underneath that record.
And the uncertainty that comes with it… not knowing if the bad ball can turn into winning ball.