The man responsible for the "shocking and horrendous" murder of Pardeep Kaur from Hayes has been jailed for life with a minimum of 30 years.
Mrs Kaur, who lived with her husband in Carnarvan Drive, was walking to her job at a Heathrow hotel when she was sexually assaulted and murdered in October last year.
Ruskuls, 25, a Latvian national of no fixed address, was convicted on Tuesday (April 11) at the Old Bailey and was sentenced on Wednesday (April 12).
Mrs Kaur was on her 40-minute walk to work at the Sheraton Skyline Hotel in Harlington on Monday, October 17.
She set off at around 6am, as she had done for four years, but she never made it to work.
CCTV footage shows a man walking ahead of Mrs Kaur at around 6.30am, and around 25 minutes later the same man was picked up by the camera dragging a body towards Bedwell Gardens, where her body was later found.
A missing persons appeal was launched after her husband reported her misssing when she did not come home from work that evening.
On October 22, Mrs Kaur's body was discovered by police officers.
Ruskuls was identified through CCTV footage and was arrested on Monday, October 31 – he was charged three days later.
His DNA matched samples of several items of Mrs Kaur's clothing, as well as a black sock found nearby in the undergrowth.
PC Lewis, who gave evidence during the trial, said: "A big part of my job, and the job of all Met officers, is remembering faces and names, and all the small details that could make the difference in a case.
"When I first encountered Ruskuls he was very unnerving, and I will never forget that meeting. So when I first saw the CCTV of this appalling attack, something about the suspect's appearance and body type was instantly familiar and I knew that it was the same person.
"I am just glad I was able to play a small part in bringing a dangerous offender to justice, and do my job effectively."
Mrs Kaur and her husband both worked long hours, saving money to send to their six-year-old daughter who lives in India with her grandparents.
Sentencing Ruskuls to life in jail, Judge Richard Marks QC told him: "This was a truly shocking and wicked offence of the utmost gravity."


Description: Cable Wiring And Connector Guide Electrical Wire Gauge #5683 from the above 1333x1388 resolutions which is part of the "DIY Needed" directory. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "Save full resolution" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
Considered one of quite possibly the most prevalent electrical wiring queries is regarding how to wire a switch. When making use of switches in your house is very quick, wiring one may not be that easy for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is actually quite simple to wire. You will find different kinds of switches, but for this instance, let us say you're installing a single-pole toggle switch, a really common change (and also the easiest).
You'll find a few shades of wires in a typical single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and green. Splice the black wire in two and join them on the terminal screws - a single on major as well as other about the bottom screw from the swap. The white wire serves for a source of uninterrupted electrical power which is typically linked to some light colored terminal screw (e.g., silver). Hook up the inexperienced wire into the ground screw of one's switch.
These methods would frequently be ample for making a typical switch perform with out a issue. On the other hand, in the event you are certainly not assured which you can carry out the task appropriately and safely and securely you greater permit the professionals get it done as an alternative. Soon after all, there is certainly a reason why this task is one of the commonest electrical wiring thoughts requested by most people.
For a few purpose, the best way to wire a ceiling fan is additionally among essentially the most common electrical wiring concerns. To simplify this task, you need to use an individual swap to get a single ceiling fan. To wire the fan, it can be only a issue of connecting the black wire in the ceiling fan to your black wire from the change. If there is a light, the blue wire really should be connected on the black wire on the swap as well.
There are actually motives why they're by far the most commonly asked electrical wiring thoughts. One particular, several think it is easy to accomplish, and two, they're the common electrical tasks in your house. But you then should not place your security at risk with your goal to save cash. The stakes could even be much better in the event you endeavor to spend less and do an electrical wiring occupation devoid of adequate information or knowledge.


June 2018 - NU Cabling Inc.
Fiber Optic Services. TRUSTED PROVIDER OF VOICE AND DATA CABLING, AUDIO-VIDEO. Orange County, Temecula, San Bernardino.
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© Copyright - NU Cabling Inc.


text:
Media announcement
CGI Awarded Eight-Year, US$20 Million ID/IQ by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Fairfax, Virginia, October 13, 2010
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has awarded CGI Federal Inc. (CGI), a wholly-owned U.S. operating subsidiary of CGI Group Inc. (NYSE: GIB; TSX: GIB.A) an eight-year Indefinite-Delivery, Indefinite-Quantity (ID/IQ) with a ceiling of up to US$20 million for the Agency-wide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) support and migration initiative. ADAMS is part of the Enterprise Content Management (ECM) Program within the Office of Information Systems, Division of Information and Records Services (OIS/IRSD).
The NRC ensures that the nation safely uses radioactive materials for beneficial civilian purposes while ensuring that people and the environment are protected. Information associated with this mission is stored in NRC's data repositories, including ADAMS. Under the ADAMS contract, CGI will provide information technology support services, technical expertise, and project management support for the migration and modernization of applications, as well as support for operations and maintenance of the ADAMS main libraries. In addition, CGI will support process automation, e-mail and records management, and document profiling.
"We are proud to support NRC as they make critical national nuclear information available to their various stakeholders, including the public," said George Schindler, President of CGI Federal. "Our professionals have both the mission understanding and the technical expertise needed to help them continuously improve the quality, efficiency, and accessibility of their data."
"CGI has supported the NRC's financial management requirements for many years," said Toni Townes-Whitley, Vice-President, CGI. "We are pleased to have a great partnership with NRC and we are excited to be expanding our scope in order to help them with such an important part of their mission."
About CGI Federal Inc.
CGI Federal Inc. is a wholly-owned U.S. operating subsidiary of CGI Group Inc., dedicated to partnering with federal agencies to provide solutions for defense and civilian missions. Founded in 1976, CGI Group Inc. is one of the largest independent information technology and business process services firms in the world. CGI and its affiliated companies employ approximately 31,000 professionals. CGI provides end-to-end IT and business process services to clients worldwide from offices and centers of excellence in the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia Pacific. CGI's order backlog is approximately C$13.6 billion and its annualized revenue is approximately C$4.5 billion. CGI shares are listed on the NYSE (GIB) and the TSX (GIB.A) and are included in both, the Dow Jones Sustainability Index and the FTSE4Good Index. Website: www.cgi.com.
Forward- Looking Statements
All statements in this press release that do not directly and exclusively relate to historical facts constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of that term in Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are "forward-looking information" within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. These statements and this information represent CGI's intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs, and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, of which many are beyond the control of the Company. These factors could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements or forward-looking information. These factors include but are not restricted to: the timing and size of new contracts; acquisitions and other corporate developments; the ability to attract and retain qualified members; market competition in the rapidly evolving IT industry; general economic and business conditions; foreign exchange and other risks identified in the press release, in CGI's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (filed on EDGAR at www.sec.gov), the Company's Annual Information Form filed with the Canadian securities authorities (filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com), as well as assumptions regarding the foregoing. The words "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "anticipate," "foresee," "plan," and similar expressions and variations thereof, identify certain of such forward-looking statements or forward-looking information, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. In particular, statements relating to future performance are forward-looking statements and forward-looking information. CGI disclaims any intention or obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements or on this forward-looking information. You will find more information about the risks that could cause our actual results to differ significantly from our current expectations in the Risks and Uncertainties section.
Lorne Gorber
Vice-President, Global Communications and Investor Relations
lorne.gorber@cgi.com
Linda Odorisio
Vice-President, US Communications
linda.odorisio@cgi.com
Latest media announcements
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TD to leverage CGI Wealth360 Portfolio Management Solution
Inclusive digital design: An approach to card components
CGI Federal's Stephanie Mango elected to IAC Executive Committee
Fairfax, Virginia, June 6, 2019 - CGI (NYSE: GIB) (TSX: GIB.A) congratulates CGI Federal Senior ...
Keep up with the CDM program's evolving strategy
Evan Uhl
June 6, 2019 Federal civilian agencies are increasingly realizing that the Department of Homeland Security's Continuous Diagnostics and ...
CMS picks CGI to optimize cloud, enhance Health Plan Management System
Under a new CMS contract, CGI Federal will enhance and maintain an optimized cloud environment for the Health Plan Management System (HPMS), CMS's central data repository for Medicare Advantage and ...
How life stages clarify Agile maturity
Neelesh Katiyar
May 22, 2019 The Agile methodology maturity level scale indicates how agile an organization's methodology actually is, ranging from a minimal level of small steps up to a complete, top-to-bottom implementation of agile ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ohio explores ways to pay for passenger train
by administrator · February 1, 2010
Ohio will find a way to pay for a new passenger train system without increasing the state tax burden, transportation officials said Thursday, a day after winning a $400 million federal stimulus grant that adds the state to the national rail plan.
Gov. Ted Strickland touted the train project as a jobs builder, something that would create up to 11,000 positions in construction, engineering and spin-off economic development around new train stations. Thirteen passenger rail corridors in 31 states will receive grants, which are funded by the economic recovery act enacted last year.
Ohio's train project, which calls for a 79-mph startup service connecting Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton and Cincinnati, will lay the foundation for a higher-speed system that eventually will branch off to the Midwest and East Coast, reducing traffic on state highways, Strickland said at a news conference with U.S. Labor Secretary Hilda Solis. [Read the full article]
The First Marblehead Corp., which packages students loans for sale to investors, said cutting expenses and a fewer losses on loans held for sale helped it narrow its second-quarter loss.
The Boston-based company said it lost $11.7 million, or 12 cents per share, compared with a loss of $93.4 million, or 94 cents per share a year ago.
Revenue rose to $10.1 million for the quarter ended Dec. 31, compared with a loss of $86 million a year ago.
The unrealized losses on education loans held for sale fell to $10.7 million from a $29.3 million a year ago.
Compensation and benefits expenses fell 20 percent to $8.2 million and general and administrative expenses were 37 percent lower, to $12.4 million. [Read the full article]
Some Toyota customers are swearing off the brand, while others aren't much worried about sticky gas pedals. For just about everybody, confusion reigns.
Toyota first announced its massive recall last week, which followed one last November. Both involve issues with gas pedals in millions of Toyota's most popular models.
Toyota owners are still waiting for a coherent story about what is actually going on, said Sylvia Marino, executive director at auto sales site Edmunds.com.
"People are feeling a cross between shock, concern and disbelief," she said. "There's a huge amount of confusion. [Read the full article]
Market drops on concerns that weak US job market, Greece debt woes will stall economic rebound
by administrator · Published February 25, 2010
Obama sets record straight: 'I love Vegas'
by administrator · Published March 1, 2010
FOREX-Euro falls vs dollar as Greek worries linger
by administrator · Published March 20, 2010
Next story How to Tell a True Market Bottom
Previous story U.S. Ag Companies to Look for M&A Opportunities in Adjacent Sectors, According to New Rabobank Report


text:
Against WHO Advice, China Pushing for Ketamine Scheduling
Luke Horswell
A controversial proposal to restrict the availability of ketamine internationally has surfaced in the preliminary meetings ahead of the upcoming Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) meeting in March.
The latest push has come from China who want the drug placed in Schedule I of the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances. This is the most restrictive category for substances under which they are deemed to have no medical use.
In a statement at the CND Intersessional on January 29, China argued that, "According to the [International Narcotics Control Board] INCB report in 2013, ketamine is the most widely abused non-controlled substance in Asia ... Illicit ketamine production and use in China has created major political and health problems."
As can be seen from the transcript of this meeting, China's calls were far from embraced, with Peru stating, "The scheduling of ketamine restricts access to essential, emergency surgery options and would create serious public health dilemmas in countries which do not have alternatives and will increase costs."
The World Health Organization (WHO) has consistently stated that ketamine should not be controlled and lists it as an essential medicine. Reviews of the drug by the WHO have taken place in 2006, 2012 and 2014, all of which highlight the importance it plays in the field of anesthesia, particularly in developing countries.
The 2014 review fears that should ketamine be scheduled, there is the potential for a public health crisis owing to the fact that it "would limit access to essential and emergency surgery … in countries where no affordable alternative anesthetic is available."
Thanks to the international drug control system, the developing world already suffers tremendously from a shortage of vital opioid-based medicines such as morphine, with 83 percent of the world's population having little or no access to them as a result of their scheduling, according to the WHO.
In response to China's request, a fact sheet defending ketamine's status as an unscheduled substance has been published with the endorsement of several international NGOs and medical associations. Any move to control the drug, the document states, could be detrimental to the health of more than 2 billion lives in the developing world.
Furthermore, the fact sheet highlights that since China is the source of much of the world's illicitly consumed ketamine the country should "take the necessary steps to prevent the diversion, illicit manufacture and export of ketamine beyond its national frontiers, rather than to promote international scheduling."
Thankfully, it is extremely unlikely that ketamine will be scheduled, due to the 1971 Convention outlining that a substance can only be controlled by the CND if it has been recommended by the WHO.
The 58th Session of the CND is due to be held from March 13-17.
The Melancholy of Killercops in the Philippines Drug War (Part 3)


Hyperboles abound in India. It didn't take long for people to dub Lower Parel as Mumbai's 'Madison Avenue' when a few ad agencies moved in. In reality Lower Parel is a mix of a few isolated mills converted into office complexes and one shopping complex, Phoenix Mills. These modern complexes are connected with each other through dirty, dusty, sunny, congested roads and old tenements and shanties. Two different planets coexisting beside each other. Reflecting the many faces of Mumbai.
I currently work at Chinchpokli. Deeper into the old Mill Lands of Central Mumbai than Lower Parel. Fewer swank complexes and no malls or coffee shops here. This is the place of frenetic flyover and metro construction and still born traffic.
There are few eating options around. We normally head to South Mumbai or Lower Parel if we want to go out to eat. Even if it means breaking through the sort of traffic which can crush the most optimistic of hearts, the hungriest of tummies.
The best option to eat at Lower Parel is Phoenix Mills. This is a shopping complex consisting of a a number of malls in a sunny courtyard. It has quite a few eating places. Quantity more than quality is the norm according to me. None of the food is really stand out though.
There is a relatively new Chinese restaurant called Wok Hei which has opened outside the Phoenix Mills complex on the main road. Someone at a party recently told me that the food is good and that the place is not too crowded. So we thought of checking it out the other day. I set off with Ipsita, a fellow food lover from work. I called to find out about their lunch hours. "Up to 4 PM", I was told. "Should I book", I asked. "We are empty sir", the voice on the other side said.
Well Wok Hei was quite crowded when we went. Two office groups had come in after us. It was a simple place. Spartan furniture. Almost Udipi restaurant like. The glasses seemed a bit dirty and we opted for Cola bottles with straws.
An ever smiling gentleman came to take our order. Unfazed by the sudden crowd. And the angst of the friend of a vegetarian who had been served chicken. He gave them a free dessert. Apologised. Ignored the heckles of the others in the group who wanted free desserts too. Came back to us. Answered our questions on the menu to our satisfaction. Got our food fast. Taking pity on our state of hunger. The indefatigable Mr Ram, from Darjeeling, definitely added to the charm of Wok Hei for us.
We started off with a plate of chicken momos. A layer of oil oozed out when they put the put the momos on our plates. Ipsita later conjectured that it could have been pork momos and hence the oil. I didn't agree with the conspiracy theory. I think the oil must have been to put to ensure that the momos didn't stick to thesteming basket.
She hhas got used to the drill of eating out with me. Waited patiently while I shot what we would eat.
Well enough of technicalities. The momos tasted really good. The momo shell was as soft as a chubby Gorkha baby's cheeks. The chicken mince filling well flavoured. The dips tantalising. Bringing back memories of momos at Darjeeing and in the Tibetan shops of Elgin Road in Calcutta for both of us. There were two beaming faces at Wok Hei that afternoon.
We called for a starter called Chinqong Prawn if I recollect right. Or was it Qongching prawn? We had this as a side dish as we prefer to have dry side dishes and not ones with a lot of sauce.
The prawns were good. Not stale. Not as juicy as the ones at Mainland China. Good middle of the road stuff. What bowled us over was the base of crackled red chillies, garlic, pepper corn and salt. The condiments brought alive the sleepy prawns. It reminded me of the Sichuan peppercorn based dishes that Kylie Kwong makes on TV. Very different from the Red Ninja stuff which masquerades as 'Schezwan' in local Chinese restaurants here. This was a dish with finesse and elegance. Delicate and yet sharp.
We skipped the exotic bamboo rice. Which was actually served in bamboos!
We went for the burnt garlic chicken fried rice instead. As Ram explained, this was regular fried rice made in garlic infused oil. It turned out to be quite a pleasant mouthful. The rice was firm and separate. Not authentic but that's how I like my rice. Sticky doesn't work for me. The fried rice was well flavoured, insidiously light and was gobbled up with pleasure by the two of us.
Good food. Pleasant and competent service. Reasonable prices. Tables easy to get. Must go there again while I am still at this part of town.
If nothing else then for that excellent soy with herb dip that they have on the tables.
Must have been Chongqing. Chongqing used to be part of Sichuan province, where the cuisine is known for those fiery peppercorns. I guess these weren't those peppercorns... you should get your hands on some, a very interesting taste!
I went there for lunch today and my experience was quite the antithesis of yours. When I asked Mr Ram about the Mai tai soup which I assumed would be an interesting warm take on the cocktail, he almost condescendingly informed me that all Thai soups have a coconut base. Wrong on the first count and we should have gone by my gut instincts and politely left to eat elsewhere. But we went ahead and ordered the soup and it turned out to be a starchy broth of 'dhaniya' and lime with a few odd bits of chicken bits. Awful. Next came the crispy american corn with plum sauce, overwhelmingly sweet and clumpy. We managed to make it palatable by accompanying each mouthful of the corn with a teaspoon of schezwan sauce and herbs in oil. We knew from here on that the meal wasn't going to go down well. We moved to the promised 'less oily' taiwan flat noodles and beer chilly chicken. My 'food buddy' who I was meeting for lunch had to almost retrain me to keep me from asking the waiter to drain the noodles on a basket of tissues first. The beer chicken didn't help the restaurants cause either, pretty forgettable and tasteless. And finally the overly gingery and expectedly clumpy date balls that came swimming in melted icecream and a streak of an identifiable blood red sauce, gave the meal a fitting closure. We should have spent the 650 bucks on a charity that was at least worthy of it.
Yes I am in town..this time for good.. so now I can go through your history of posts and pick the restaraunts I want to visit :).


text:
High water threatens former Lake Michigan lighthouse
Ocean Navigator January 2, 2020 January 26, 2022
The lighthouse structure at Waugoshance Shoal in Lake Michigan, built in 1851 and retired in 1912, is under duress from the lake's high water levels and autumn storms, which are loosening stones from the light tower's massive crib structure base and causing them to fall into the water. Should sufficient stones be removed by wave action, the lighthouse tower above the cribwork could collapse.
Chris West, president of the Waugoshance Lighthouse Preservation Society, has put out a call for help. "The high water mixed with the fall storms in the northern Great Lakes have proven to be too much for our beloved Waugoshance," West stated in an email. "The base of the lighthouse is being eaten away by the lake."
Preservation society members are reportedly working toward coming up with a plan to save the lighthouse.
High water levels are reportedly loosening stones in the structure's foundation.
Courtesy Chris West/Waugoshance Lighthouse Preservation Society
The lighthouse, at the western entrance to the Straits of Mackinac, has long been out of service and was even used as a target for early naval drone aircraft late in WWII.
"We have been in contact with a marine construction company and some state agencies to try and get some help to save the light," West wrote. Before the cribwork suffered wave damage, the preservation society came up with a plan to build a breakwall around the lighthouse that would include a safe harbor for boats. According to West, this plan would not only protect the lighthouse but also bring it a new role in providing an anchorage for recreational boats. Go to www.waugy.com for more information.
Previous PostNational Sailing Hall of Fame inducts new members
Next PostExtra fuel for voyaging


text:
Q: Comment expansion oddity I recently wanted to see if the comment lengths applied to the comment pre- or post-expansion (it applies pre-expansion). I found though that my input [so][so][so]...[so] expanded oddly:

Stack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack
  OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack
  OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack
  OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack
  Overflow[so]Stack OverflowStack OverflowStack OverflowStack
  OverflowStack ...

The odd portion is the [so] that remains in the comment text; if I paste this content into vim, the [so] portions are downright strange:
[<200c><200b>so]
[s<200c><200b>o]
[<200c><200b>so]
[s<200c><200b>o]
[<200c><200b>so]
[s<200c><200b>o]
[<200c><200b>so]

This feels like a bug, but I can't imagine that fixing it is a priority for anyone, certainly not myself.

A: Those symbols are 'ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER' (U+200C) and 'ZERO WIDTH SPACE' (U+200B).
I'm sure they are added on purpose, to break long lines. They are added after 81 or 82 characters if there is no whitespace. This is also the amount of characters used in your pre-expansion [so][so][so]...[so] code until the first occurrence of those characters.
Insertion of those characters after doing expansions would probably fix this. Not sure if fixing this would be worth the time, as a comment containing such long sequences of tags is probably nonsense or spam anyway.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Bewdley (BEW)
(Severn Valley Railway)
Station code: BEW
Bewdley is one of the stations on the Severn Valley Railway. It was opened in 1862 by the West Midland Railway on their line from Hartlebury to Shrewsbury, later becoming part of the Great Western Railway.
Originally Bewdley was a busy junction. The Tenbury & Bewdley Railway opened a line through the Wyre Forest in 1864 [1] and in 1878 a line down to Kidderminster was added by the GWR.
Bewdley began to be run-down in the 1960s along with much of the railway system. The Wyre Forest line closed in 1962 and the Severn Valley line in 1963. The remaining passenger services were ended in 1970 and the station closed. However by now the Severn Valley Railway project had already started and in 1974 the SVR bought Bewdley station as part of its expansion down from Hampton Loade. Bewdley is one of the main stations on the SVR and was its administrative base until recently. Nowadays it is the home of the SVR's wagon restoration works. The SVR's heritage DMU fleet is usually stabled at Bewdley.
Bewdley has 3 platforms, 2 and 3 being an island platform. These platforms are usually the only ones used except at galas when local trains from Kidderminster terminating at Bewdley or specials will use platform 1.
Changing rail usage patterns and commuter need have seen some interest from Network Rail and some train operators like Chiltern Railways to run through services from the network to Bewdley but at the moment (and likely will for the foreseeable future) the station remains part of a preserved railway!
40106 stands at Bewdley
Departing platform 1
Class 20 viewed from the footbridge
View of the island platform
Main station building on the left as a Class 31 comes through
A Western stands at an old "Western" station
[1] Michael Welch, Diesels on the Western (Capital Transport, 2013) p. 5
Posted by Kris Davies on Wednesday, April 19, 2017
+ B, Preserved Railway, Worcestershire
Tackley (TAC)
Monks Risborough (MRS)
Canning Town (CNT/ZCB)
Euston London Underground (ZEU)
Ledbury Town Halt
London Euston (EUS)
Ambergate (AMB)
Conway Park (CNP)
Guildford (GLD)
Jewellery Quarter (JEQ)


text:
package com.adobe.acs.commons.packaging.impl;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.jcr.RepositoryException;
import javax.jcr.Session;

import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Reference;
import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.sling.SlingServlet;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.api.security.user.Authorizable;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.api.security.user.UserManager;
import org.apache.sling.api.SlingHttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.sling.api.SlingHttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolver;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ValueMap;
import org.apache.sling.api.servlets.SlingAllMethodsServlet;
import org.apache.sling.api.wrappers.ValueMapDecorator;
import org.apache.sling.commons.json.JSONException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.adobe.acs.commons.packaging.PackageHelper;
import com.day.jcr.vault.fs.io.AccessControlHandling;
import com.day.jcr.vault.packaging.JcrPackage;
import com.day.jcr.vault.packaging.JcrPackageDefinition;
import com.day.jcr.vault.packaging.Packaging;

/**
 * ACS AEM Commons - Authorizable Packager Servlet
 * Servlet end-point used to create CRX packages of authorizables based on the underlying resource's configuration.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@SlingServlet(
        methods = { "POST" },
        resourceTypes = { "acs-commons/components/utilities/packager/authorizable-packager" },
        selectors = { "package" },
        extensions = { "json" }
)
public class AuthorizablePackagerServletImpl extends SlingAllMethodsServlet {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthorizablePackagerServletImpl.class);

    private static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "packageName";

    private static final String PACKAGE_GROUP_NAME = "packageGroupName";

    private static final String PACKAGE_VERSION = "packageVersion";

    private static final String PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION = "packageDescription";

    private static final String PACKAGE_ACL_HANDLING = "packageACLHandling";

    private static final String CONFLICT_RESOLUTION = "conflictResolution";

    private static final String DEFAULT_PACKAGE_NAME = "authorizables";

    private static final String DEFAULT_PACKAGE_GROUP_NAME = "Authorizables";

    private static final String DEFAULT_PACKAGE_VERSION = "1.0.0";

    private static final String DEFAULT_PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION = "Authorizable Package initially defined by a ACS AEM Commons - "
            + "Authorizable Packager configuration.";

    private static final String QUERY_PACKAGE_THUMBNAIL_RESOURCE_PATH =
            "/apps/acs-commons/components/utilities/packager/authorizable-packager/definition/package-thumbnail.png";

    @Reference
    private Packaging packaging;

    @Reference
    private PackageHelper packageHelper;

    @Override
    public final void doPost(final SlingHttpServletRequest request,
                             final SlingHttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        final ResourceResolver resourceResolver = request.getResourceResolver();
        final boolean preview = Boolean.parseBoolean(request.getParameter("preview"));

        log.debug("Preview mode: {}", preview);

        final ValueMap properties = this.getProperties(request);

        try {
            final List<String> paths = this.findPaths(resourceResolver,
                    properties.get("authorizableIds", new String[0]));

            final Map<String, String> packageDefinitionProperties = new HashMap<String, String>();

            // ACL Handling
            packageDefinitionProperties.put(JcrPackageDefinition.PN_AC_HANDLING,
                    properties.get(PACKAGE_ACL_HANDLING, AccessControlHandling.OVERWRITE.toString()));

            // Package Description
            packageDefinitionProperties.put(
                    JcrPackageDefinition.PN_DESCRIPTION,
                    properties.get(PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION, DEFAULT_PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION));

            if (preview) {
                // Handle preview mode
                response.getWriter().print(packageHelper.getPreviewJSONForPaths(paths));
            } else if (paths == null || paths.isEmpty()) {
                // Do not create empty packages; This will only clutter up CRX Package Manager
                response.getWriter().print(packageHelper.getErrorJSON("Refusing to create a package with no filter "
                        + "set rules."));
            } else {
                // Create JCR Package; Defaults should always be passed in via Request Parameters, but just in case
                final JcrPackage jcrPackage = packageHelper.createPackageForPaths(paths,
                        request.getResourceResolver().adaptTo(Session.class),
                        properties.get(PACKAGE_GROUP_NAME, DEFAULT_PACKAGE_GROUP_NAME),
                        properties.get(PACKAGE_NAME, DEFAULT_PACKAGE_NAME),
                        properties.get(PACKAGE_VERSION, DEFAULT_PACKAGE_VERSION),
                        PackageHelper.ConflictResolution.valueOf(properties.get(CONFLICT_RESOLUTION,
                                PackageHelper.ConflictResolution.IncrementVersion.toString())),
                        packageDefinitionProperties
                );

                // Add thumbnail to the package definition
                packageHelper.addThumbnail(jcrPackage,
                        request.getResourceResolver().getResource(QUERY_PACKAGE_THUMBNAIL_RESOURCE_PATH));

                log.debug("Successfully created JCR package");
                response.getWriter().print(
                        packageHelper.getSuccessJSON(jcrPackage));
            }
        } catch (RepositoryException ex) {
            log.error("Repository error while creating Query Package", ex);
            response.getWriter().print(packageHelper.getErrorJSON(ex.getMessage()));
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            log.error("IO error while creating Query Package", ex);
            response.getWriter().print(packageHelper.getErrorJSON(ex.getMessage()));
        } catch (JSONException ex) {
            log.error("JSON error while creating Query Package response", ex);
            response.getWriter().print(packageHelper.getErrorJSON(ex.getMessage()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the properties saved to the Query Packager Page's jcr:content node.
     *
     * @param request the request obj
     * @return a ValueMap representing the properties
     */
    private ValueMap getProperties(final SlingHttpServletRequest request) {
        if (request.getResource().getChild("configuration") == null) {
            log.warn("Authorizable Packager Configuration node could not be found for: {}", request.getResource());
            return new ValueMapDecorator(new HashMap<String, Object>());
        } else {
            return request.getResource().getChild("configuration").adaptTo(ValueMap.class);
        }
    }

    private List<String> findPaths(final ResourceResolver resourceResolver,
                                         final String[] authorizableIds) throws RepositoryException {

        final UserManager userManager = resourceResolver.adaptTo(UserManager.class);

        final List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();

        for (final String authorizableId : authorizableIds) {
            try {
                final Authorizable authorizable = userManager.getAuthorizable(authorizableId);
                if (authorizable != null) {
                    paths.add(authorizable.getPath());
                }
            } catch (RepositoryException e) {
                log.warn("Unable to find path for authorizable " + authorizableId, e);
            }
        }

        return paths;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Sometimes the hardest part of repairing an appliance, is knowing how to get the machine apart so that you can get in and get to work. A professional has seen a washing machine disassembled enough times to know when to push and when to pull. Here's a great little video with instructions on how to take apart a Whirlpool Washing Machine to make repairs yourself.


text:
Biology Menu
Researchers find value in using literature to teach science
Friday, May 19, 2017 | Judy Berthiaume
When Dr. Paula Kleintjes Neff first read "Tigerland and Other Unintended Destinations" several years ago, she knew immediately that she wanted to share the book with her conservation biology students.
The book, which the UW-Eau Claire biology professor describes as a biography and travelogue, is a series of stories highlighting international conservation efforts, stories that take readers on journeys near and far, from the great plains in the U.S. to the faraway jungles in Nepal, in search of threatened and endangered species.
Throughout the years, Kleintjes Neff has introduced literature into her classes in addition to the more typical approach of a textbook and scientific papers. The conservation topics in this book aligned particularly well with her course's content.
"At first, students are skeptical about having to read a book for a biology class," Kleintjes Neff said. "But soon after reading the first chapter of "Tigerland," many stated that they were so captivated they couldn't put it down. Eric Dinerstein is an engaging author."
Dr. Paula Kleintjes Neff uses a variety of teaching strategies to help her conservation biology students learn, ranging from field experiences to reading literature.
She noticed that the book helped her students better connect with class materials, reinforcing biological concepts and field research methods she covered in class, Kleintjes Neff said, adding that the book also introduced students to a variety of new species and the threats that put them at risk.
"Through the book, they vicariously traveled and engaged in international conservation and adventure, which they connected back to their class activities and personal aspirations," Kleintjes Neff said. "Students were awed and empowered by the inspirational role models and heroic acts of conservation Dinerstein described.
"Discussions were lively and students were not only inspired to internationally travel and do field research, but also to engage in local conservation and make an individual difference."
Simply put, the book had an even greater impact on her students than she ever expected.
Nicole Weiss was among the students who were awed and empowered by the stories she read.
A 2015 UW-Eau Claire biology graduate, Weiss read "Tigerland" while part of Kleintjes Neff's class, a course she says she enjoyed immensely because of the book discussions.
"I am an anthropologist, so I study people — their biology and their culture — and it was exciting for me to read about conservation efforts around the world in 'Tigerland,'" said Weiss, who now is a University Fellow at The Ohio State University, where she just completed her master's and will start work on her doctorate in the fall. "Pretty much every culture values life and nature in some form, and because of this, the protection of threatened and endangered species brings together scientists from very diverse backgrounds. There is something mesmerizing to me about how conservation biology is a common language. We have one goal: to save these species."
After three years of observing students like Weiss responding so enthusiastically to the book, Kleintjes Neff knew this innovative teaching strategy — using nonfiction literature as part of her conservation biology curriculum — was making a difference for her students.
"At some point during my grading of the reports, I thought 'This is really working, the students are learning and love it, I should share this with conservation biology educators and practitioners,'" Kleintjes Neff said.
She quickly recruited six Blugolds — including Weiss — who had read the book to be research collaborators and co-authors. They also sought advice from CETL.
A paper highlighting the research team's findings, titled "Using nonfiction scientific literature for conservation biology education: The 'Tigerland' effect," was published this month in the international journal Applied Environmental Education & Communication.
Through their analysis, the researchers identified specific ways that "Tigerland" enhanced student learning and conservation literacy.
They found that favorite topics chosen by students mostly fell into three categories, including:
Their biological association with a species and/or a biological concept covered in class.
The potential of visiting a unique or previously unknown foreign location and engaging in an adventurous experience.
Inspirational role models or conservation actions of human patience, diplomacy or courage.
They also found that students' vocabulary grew as they read terms within the context of the book. For example, in the review of 63 student papers, nearly 450 new words were identified, with "bivouac" as the top pick.
"I saw the students themselves becoming better writers and exploring their creative abilities in new ways," Kleintjes Neff said. "Initially, I was somewhat taken aback by their lack of vocabulary and sense of global geography. It was rewarding to observe their improvement."
Not only did the students learn more about the science of conserving biological diversity and potential career paths, but they also learned to value other cultures, diplomacy and the need for local and multidisciplinary collaboration and engagement in conservation, Kleintjes Neff said, adding that the research team also discovered bats and locations such as New Caledonia fascinated students.
Having their findings published is important because while the benefits of using literacy activities such as reading, writing and interactive discussion of scientific concepts to promote scientific understanding are well documented for K–12 education, little research exists on the impact those strategies have in university science classrooms, Kleintjes Neff said.
Weiss said she learned a lot of research methodology through the project, and is excited to see her work published in a professional journal.
"As scientists we want to publish our work so that it can be accessed by others who might find it useful," said Weiss. "In the case of our article, we hope that it may inspire other conservation biology instructors to use this book in their course. We found it effective in engaging students, and our goal is to increase student engagement so that we can better train conservation biologists. If we can attract and maintain more students, we have a better chance of solving more conservation issues in the world."
Kleintjes Neff agrees, noting that she hopes more of her UW-Eau Claire colleagues will find ways to share innovative teaching strategies that are working for them in their own classrooms.
After all, she says, faculty put so much time and energy into their teaching that it makes sense to embed research and engage students in pedagogical scholarship, when possible.
Top photo caption: Dr. Paula Kleintjes Neff has found that "Tigerland and Other Unintended Destinations" has helped her students better connect with class materials, reinforcing biological concepts and field research methods.
Written by Judy Berthiaume
Judy is an IMC storyteller, sharing stories about the many exceptional people that make UW-Eau Claire such a phenomenal place. She talks with students, faculty, staff and alumni to find and to share their successes, initiatives, challenges and dreams with the campus community and the world beyond.
In This Story
Paula Kleintjes Neff
Nicole Weiss
Departments + Programs
College of Arts + Sciences
Image Download
New majors address market demand
The UW System Board of Regents has approved new UW-Eau Claire bachelor's degree programs in biomedical engineering and public health. Both complement UW-Eau Claire's existing programs and meet demonstrated demand by students and in the job market.
Bringing fairness to the legal system
Jesse and Simon Okiror, brothers and UW-Eau Claire graduates, have created a new app that they hope will make it easier for more people — especially those with low incomes and people of color — to get help navigating the complex legal system.
Governor signs state budget
Chancellor James Schmidt responds to the signing of the 2019-21 Wisconsin state budget by Governor Tony Evers — a budget that includes key provisions that meet great needs at UW-Eau Claire.


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text:
Q: Swift "Thread 1: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION(code=EXC-I386_INVOP,subcode=0x0)" when using keyBoardWillShow I am trying to let a user click on a cell in a tale view and it brings them to the DetailViewController.  The only problem is that each time I try to do this the error "Thread 1: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION(code=EXC-I386_INVOP,subcode=0x0)" comes up.
This is in the DetailViewController:
override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    tableView.delegate = self
    tableView.dataSource = self

    NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "keyBoardWillShow:", name: UIKeyboardWillShowNotification, object: nil)
    //FIRST ERROR HERE
    NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "keyBoardWillHide:", name: UIKeyboardWillHideNotification, object: nil)
    //SECOND ERROR HERE

    /* Setup the contentInsets */
    self.tableView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsZero
    self.tableView.scrollIndicatorInsets = UIEdgeInsetsZero

    self.edgesForExtendedLayout = UIRectEdge.None
    /* Make sure the content doesn't go below tabbar/navbar */
    self.extendedLayoutIncludesOpaqueBars = true

    self.automaticallyAdjustsScrollViewInsets = false

    /* Setup Map */
    let geo = party?.objectForKey("location") as PFGeoPoint
    //THIRD ERROR HERE
    let coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: geo.latitude, longitude: geo.longitude)
    let reg = MKCoordinateRegionMakeWithDistance(coordinate, 1500, 1500)
    self.mapView.setRegion(reg, animated: true)
    self.mapView.showsUserLocation = true

    if(party?.objectForKey("comments") != nil) {
        comments = party?.objectForKey("comments") as? [String]
    }
    println(party)
    println(party?.objectForKey("Name"))
    self.nameLabel.text = party?.objectForKey("Name") as? String

    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
   }

The other issue is that even after I put // in front of keyBoardWillShow the same error happens for keyBoardWillHide.  And if I cover that I get once again the same error trying to setup a map view.  As you can probably see, I am just getting into swift, xcode, and Parse and I have no idea what I really and doing.  Any help is appreciated.


text:
Q: Best desktop enviroment for old PC I don't know if this is the right place to ask this question, there may also be duplicates,
I just want to ask:
Which will be the best DE for: Pentium 4 3.6 GHz (2007), 1GB DDR2 RAM, Intel 915G chipset.
Basically I am limited in terms of graphics capabilities by that chipset.
So, could you recommend a light weight DE to go with Ubuntu?

A: KDE
KDE, which is awesome, doesn't have lightweight support. But alternatively, it has a "low-fat" mode, with a support link here. Be careful when install KDE from another Ubuntu system too, because there are dependencies problem (I had it)
Install KDE, if you don't care of the dependencies problem: sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
MATE
MATE is a GNOME 2 flashback, of the Ubuntu 10 or 11 times.
Bare package installation: sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment-core
Full package installation: sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment
LXDE
LXDE is your right choice, because it is for old computers, at least 5 years old. You still got your goods, but lower graphics. Once more, I recommend you to use this.
Install it by using:
    sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop or just install Lubuntu.

A: I installed Mate in a netbook with atom and 1Gb RAM. It works fine for normal use (web, music, light office). Don't have experience in Lubuntu.

A: On an older PC one should consider using "light" desktops like LXDE, Xfce, Mate, or, even lighter, Openbox or Fluxbox.
But as far as old computers go, the desktop is not the only thing to be considered: maybe equally important is the kernel and Ubuntu version. Therefore, use one of the above desktops but stick to the old still supported LTS (14.04 at the time of the question).

A: Personally, I used IceWM with the SLiM X11 display manager on a thin client and the whole stack hardly allocated more than 32MB of RAM.


Browse additional articles and related topics on dissociative disorders, some of the most common mental health conditions.
Dissociative disorders are one of the least-discussed yet most-misdiagnosed mental health conditions. Dissociative symptoms include emotional detachment that can result from traumatic events. Types of dissociative disorders include dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia and depersonalization-derealization disorder.
If you want to learn more about dissociative disorders and how they differ from one another, browse the below topics or use the search bar.


When looking for an introduction to delta sigma conversion I found that most explanations were from a very theoretical point of view. It took me a while to understand how Delta Sigma converters really work. So I decided to write this introduction for people who prefer circuit diagrams to reading abstract equations.
Delta sigma converters are different from other converters. Note that I do not make a difference between analogue-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analogue converters (DAC). Both are very similar and what is realized in one of them using analogue signal processing circuitry is implemented in the other one using digital signal processing and vice versa. I will explain the delta sigma technique with the analogue-to-analogue delta sigma converter as the first object.
A delta sigma ADC or DAC always consists of a delta sigma modulator which produces the bitstream and a low pass filter.
The modulator will be implemented with digital technology if you have a digital signal source and in analogue technique in case of an analogue signal source. The same applies to the low pass filter: You will use an analogue low pass filter if you need an analogue signal output. A digital low pass filter will be implemented if you want a digital output. The digital low pass filter will probably be realized by a digital circuit or by an algorithm within a signal processor.
Before I proceed to the delta sigma modulator I would like to have a closer look to the bitstream and the low pass.
The bitstream can be regarded either as a digital or an analogue signal. The bitstream is a one-bit serial signal with a bit rate much higher than the data rate e.g. of the ADC. Its major property is that its average level represents the average input signal level. A digital "high" represents the highest and a "low" represents the lowest possible output value.
Analogue output: The bitstream will be converted to an analogue signal by a one bit DAC that converts the logic information (low / high or 0 / 1) to two precise analogue voltage levels, e.g. -1V and +1V.
Digital output: A "high" (or "low" resp.) in the bitstream represents the highest (lowest) digital output value, e.g. hexadecimal FF (00) in an 8 bit system.
You can find a similar bitstream in a pulse width modulated (PWM) system but it has some disadvantages compared to the bitstream of a delta sigma modulator. The delta sigma kind of bitstream is also known as a pulse proportion modulated (PPM) signal. The serial transmission of numerically represented signal values (e.g. the serial output of a conventional ADC) is called pulse code modulation (PCM).
The low pass filter at the output is required, because you have to gain the average signal level out of the bitstream. You can regard the bitstream as a signal with its information in the lower frequency band and lots of noise above it. I presume low pass filters to be known and will not go into further deatils here.
Please notice that due to the negative feedback loop the average(!) output level at the 1-Bit DAC must always be equal to the input signal level.
The comparator, just like in the analogue version, decides whether its input value is higher or lower than a certain threshold and puts out a single bit signal, the bitstrem. BTW, due to the preceding integrator this threshold is arbitrary. In order to obtain the bitstream in the digital modulator it is sufficient to strip off the comparator's input MSBit.
Note that in this example the clock rate, which here is also the sample rate, is 64 times higher than the frequency of the input signal. Conventional converters require a sample rate of more than twice the highest input frequency. Delta sigma converters require much more in order to produce a sufficient number of bitstream pulses. It is obvious: The more bitstream pulses are produced the better is the approximation of the input signal by the average bitstream.
Once again: The average (low pass filtered) bitstream never(!) exactly represents the input signal. It is always(!) superimposed by some kind of noise.
Another - and better - way to reduce the noise is to use a higher order delta sigma modulator. Bitstreams produced by higher order modulators produce less noise at the low pass filter outputs. Normally this noise is random. First order modulators show some strong frequencies in the power spectrum (non-random noise or residual tones), which is disadvantgeous. If the input signal is close to the limits of the input range this effect is worst with first order modulators. If you want to know more about this refer to "First Order Delta Sigma Modulator Disadvantages".
whatever you want to achieve. Additionally "non-random noise" is avoided to a great extent.
Delta sigma modulators of orders higher than 2 are possible to construct but they cannot simply be made by adding further stages as above. The reason is that the phase turn caused by more than two integrators will make the system unstable. Low pass filters are used instead. Delta sigma ADCs for audio applications typically use 5th order modulators and, as mentioned above, oversampling rates of 64. The architecture may look different, e.g. 2-bit DACs, but the basic principle of operation remains the same.
5th order and an oversampling rate of 64 - why that much?
As already mentioned within the average (low pass filtered) bitstream noise always remains. The amount of noise depends on a) the oversampling rate and b) the order of the modulator that produced the bitstream. Obviously it will not make sense to provide a 16 bit output to an ADC where the low 8 bit randomly change due to the remaining noise.
You may have heard that signals converted by ADCs suffer from quantization noise. Where does this come from? If a DC-voltage is applied to an ADC the output remains stable. It represents the input voltage more or less precisely, but without noise. So, where is there noise?
n * 6.02 + 10.79 [dB] (or 2n * Sqr(12)) referred to the maximum peak-to-peak output voltage.
Thus for an ideal 16 bit ADC the SNR achievable is 98.1 dB and the SNR for the 4-bit signal above is 25.8 dB.
Now you can figure out which parameters (oversampling rate and order) of the modulator are required to obtain which noise. If a signal must be quantized, you may decide either the quantization noise or the conversion noise to be the bottle neck of the overall noise performance. In case that both shall have an equal effect, the overall SNR is reduced by 3 dB related to each of the noise portions.
Example: A 16 bit ADC, realized with a 3rd order modulator and a 64 fold oversampling rate would add -106 dB of conversion noise to the -98 dB quantization noise, so that quantization noise is prevailing and will be deteriorated by less than 1 dB only.
These SNR-figures are valid only for ideal converters. As so often in practice, the actually yielded SNR amongst others depends on the conversion speed and the IC-technology.
High quality ADCs for audio applications provide 24 output bits. They use 5th order modulators so that the conversion noise could be theoretically at -160 dB. The quantization noise of a 24 bit converter could become better than -147 dB. Real good ADC achieve "just" 120 dB SNR (19.6 effective bits) due to the non-ideal operation of the modulator (Example: Cirrus Logic CS5381). Nevertheless 120 dB is a fantastic value: 106 or 1:1,000,000 is close to the dynamic range of the human ear! Another 24 bit delta sigma ADC I know yields an SNR of 140 dB, but with an output rate of 7 Hz "only" (Linear Technology LTC2440).
It can be regarded this way because a) the output of the modulator still contains the average input value and b) the (mainly randomly) "jumping" bitstream is a kind of noise - white noise to be more precise. Think about this or just believe me.
In the lower frequency band the desired input signals are passed and changed little, while the noise is suppressed to a great extent. With higher order modulators the noise is even more suppressed. This is called "noise shaping". And this is the reason why higher order modulators produce less output noise.
If you now start to compute noise figures depending on the modulators order and the oversampling rate you will get the SNR-diagram shown in Figure 8. For further details refer to the Intersil application note "A Brief Introduction to Sigma Delta Conversion". (Attention: Figure 6 "SNR vs Oversampling Ratio" is wrong. Use "my" Figure 8 instead.) I found another interesting introduction for various kinds of A/D converters including delta sigma:The Rane company: Digital Dharma of Audio A/D Converters.
I did not mention the term "decimation" yet at all because it is neither a process nor is it mystic - it's trivial. It is required when a bitstream, e.g. the output of an analogue modulator, shall be converted to a PCM signal.
Decimation takes place in delta sigma converters at the output of the digital low-pass filter. The bitstream is clocked with the sampling rate times the oversampling rate (e.g. 64 times the sample rate), and so the output of the digital low pass is clocked with the oversampling rate, too. But the sample rate clock (twice the input bandwidth) is required at the digital output only. Here decimation comes up: For an oversampling rate of e.g. 64 every 64th sample is taken, all others are discarded. This is possible because the signal is bandwidth limited by the digital low pass filter correspondingly. Quite simple - isn't it?
The modulator's output signal will also become N bit wide and thus can no longer be called "bitstream", but it is as suitable to be converted to a PCM signal as the single bit wide bitstream is. Because less noise is introduced, the oversampling rate may be reduced or the PCM output's width can be increased. This is why in practice multi-bit modulators are normally used in ADCs. Note: The modulator's internal signal width "N" is usually a few bits only.
Doing mathematical operations like adding two signals or multiplying a signal with a constant (or with another signal) or even other linear or nonlinear operations like filtering is easy to understand for PCM signals. But how to do this with bitstream signals? Any non-trivial mathematical operation on quantized signals significantly affects the lower significant data bits but a bitstream has no LSBits. The input is a one-bit signal and the output has to be a one-bit signal, too!
In practice, the digital signal processor in this block diagram may be a simple adder or multplier circuit. Also, there must not necessarily be a second bitstream input.
This "less smart" method takes one digital filter/decimator per input signal and one digital modulator for the output signal. Another issue of this method is the PCM clock (or sample rate resp.) which has to be introduced: A bitstream has no other sample rate than its bitstream clock, so that an arbitrary PCM sample rate ought to be chosen. This causes a loss of signal bandwidth due to the required digital filter and decimator.
the output of the 1-Bit DDC has the bitstream's clock rate, e.g. 64 times the PCM signal's clock rate.
Actually, the subtractor "Difference" in Figure 3 operates at the bitstream's clock rate and subtracts the 1-Bit DDC's PCM output signal from another, slowly clocked PCM signal. This subtractor is also able to subtract two PCM signals, both with the higher clock rate, of course. While the 2-bit sum of both bitstreams is not a usual PCM signal that represents the actual signal value at any time, it still can be viewed as a usable PCM signal for the digital modulator because it is sufficient when its temporal average value is correct. This, BTW, is very similar to the situation with the multi-bit signals in multi-bit converters.
Because the digital modulator's signal with needs only to be as wide as its digital input, in this example the circuit diagram for the digital modulator becomes quite simple as the bitstream adder's output signal is only 2 bit wide.
Take one or more bitstream(s) and convert them into PCM signals by just manifolding the single bitstream bit for each PCM data bit (that's exactly what the 1-Bit DDC I described above does).
Do any mathematical operation (= digital signal process) you want on this PCM signal - add, multiply, filter, nonliner operations or whatsoever. The algorithms to be applied are the same ones as in any other DSP application. You only need a sufficient signal width (number of bits for the PCM signal) in order to achieve the signal quality you aim, and for simple operations this width may be 2 bits or just 1. Keep in mind that these operations take place with the bitstream's clock rate.
Use a digital modulator with the same input signal width as your mathematical operation provides to re-convert the "semi-PCM"-signal (= "multi-bit Delta Sigma modulated data stream") to a single bit bitstream.
That's it. This "smart" solution takes no digital filter/decimator per input signal and only one (often quite simple) digital modulator for the output signal.
Thus it becomes obvious that conventional ADCs need expensive low pass filters in order to obtain a bandwidth close to the theoretical Nyquist limit. Delta sigma converters require simple RC low pass filters only and with a little more expense for a 2nd order filter one will get a virtually ideal behaviour. On the other hand an output low pass filter preceeding the decimator is required, which again can be realized more precisely, easily and cheap in digital techniques. Note that in practice the proportions are much more extreme than in the graphic above as due to limited space an oversampling rate of approx. 16 only is shown there.
DACs: The input signals of DACs are bandwidth limited by nature, so an input low pass filter is not necessary (it already had to be present when the digital signal was produced). An analog output filter is required anyway to suppress high frequency noise.
Direct Stream Digital (DSD) based devices: Traditionally digital devices use numerical representations of analogue samples, PCM in case of a serial signal. Delta sigma ADCs and DACs gain the PCM data out of the bitstream data (and vice versa) which is already a digital signal by means of low pass filters.
Why not record the bitstream directly? Conversion in delta sigma ADCs and DACs is executed in two steps each and as always each step has negative effects on the signal quality. Leaving out half of these steps - the filter in the ADC and the modulator in the DACs - should improve the performance of the complete system. Both, the quantization noise due to the limited number of recorded PCM bits and the conversion noise of the digital modulator would be dropped.
This is actually done on super audio CDs (SACDs). The whole system from the analogue input to the analogue output now requires only one modulator and one low pass filter instead of two of both required with conventional digital recording. Please remember: The bitstream of modern, high quality ADCs and DACs use an oversampling rate of 64, e.g. the amount of data is 64 bits for each audio sample - compared to 16 or up to 20 or 24 of conventional bits required for a comparable quality. Technically, SACDs are DVDs and based on a sampling frequency of 2.8224 MHz (= 2.8224 MBits net per channel). Not much that more than on audio CDs (0.7056 MBits net per channel), and no problem at all for a DVD with its high capcity.
Both output transistors operate in push-pull mode, i. e., alternatingly one of both is conducting while the other one is switched off. Thus the bitstream is amplified to the high level of the power supply and is available at the output with low impedance. In order to regain the bitstream's mean value a simple LC-low-pass filter is sufficient in practice. A typical representative of this kind of amplifier is the LM4670, a simple and cheap low power amplifier with an analogue input, so simple that even the LC-low-pass filter is omitted and only the speaker's parasitic inductance remains as "low-pass filter". In contrast to that the TPA3200D1 is more complex, has higher output power and includes a digital (IIS-)input.
For the sake of completeness it shall be mentioned that for the operation of a class-D amplifier an analogue pulse width modulated (PWM) signal with a sufficiently high frequency can be used instead of the bitstream produced by a Delta Sigma converter. In contrast to digital pulse width modulated signals the pulse width ratios of analogue pulse width modulated signals are not quantized. With digital sources PWM operation does not suggest itself much, but with anlogue sources both techniques can be found in practice. In this case the pulse width modulator consists of a comparator comparing a triangle wave of e. g. a couple of MHz with the analogue input signal. An example is the TDA7490.
Compared to a conventional analogue class-AB amplifier, which advantages and disadvantages does such a class-D amplifier show?
Advantage: Its efficiency can theoretically become 100%. In practice typical values of 90% are achieved. The efficiency of class-AB amplifiers theoretically is 50% only. Moreover, the efficieny of class-AB amplifiers decreases much more at lower output levels than that of class-D-amplifiers. E. g. for battery equipped applications the saved energy may be the decisive reason for class-D amplifiers. But particularly with high power amplifiers the fact of 1/5 of exhaust heat is an enomous advantage: Class-D amplifieres can be built much smaller and much more lightweight.
Disadvantage: The speaker's voltage does not only depend on the bitstream (or its mean value resp.), but in the same amount on the supply voltage, too. (Actually it is the product of the bitstream's mean value and the supply voltage.) Thus the supply voltage has to be kept extra stable.
Disadvantage: The amplifier's output impedance results from the switching transistor's, the inductance's and the supply's resistances. In pratice it will be distinctly higher than the output impedance of a degenerative amplifier. A low output impedance is preferred because speakers are thereby much more damped, i. e,. they can perform less uncontrolled proper motion and follow the original signal more precisely.
In order to reduce both these disadvantages the supply voltage dependency as well as the output impedance can principally be lowered by degenerative feedback. But, if at all, this is by far not feasible in an amount as it is in analogue amplifieres as phase shifts inside the modulator and the low pass filter in conjunction with a degenerative feedback very soon lead to instabilities. Usually Delta Sigma amplifiers do not include degenerative feedback (as far as I experienced, at least). Once more, for the sake of completeness it shall be mentioned that PWM amplifiers do not incorporate phase shifting modulators so that degenerative feedback is much easier or much more efficient to achieve.
Compare to Figure 2: Instead of feeding back the bitstream via a 1-bit DAC to build the difference in this case a portion of the power transistor's output is directly fed back. Thus it is guaranteed that independent of all parasitic effects like supply voltage variations or the transistor's resistances the mean value at the low-pass input is always exactly proportional to the analogue input signal. Excellent performance is feasible by this concept. An example for that is the AD1996. Unfortunately, this trick works for amplifiers with analogue inputs only.
Conclusion: Class-D power amplifiers offer a much higher efficiency and less exhaust heat at the expense of their signal quality. Thus they are favourable for generic public address systems, where high power, small size and probably portability too, are required. They are less predestinated for high-quality audio amplifiers. Constructively the most critical elements are the output transistors: The faster they switch, the less the losses are or the higher the switching frequency may be. The latter, on the other hand, allows low pass filters with higher frequencies, which due to their less phase shifts within the signal band allow stronger degenerative feedback, so that the signal quality can be improved. With the advancing semiconductor technology class-D amplifiers will be increasingly utilizable for high-quality audio amplifiers.


These stunning, handmade coasters exhibit a contrast between their creamy textured finish and bold metallic gold glaze, which in turns yields a unique harmony of glamour and subtlety. Perfect for protecting your furniture with artisan sophistication and poise.
With their rich blue coloring, these agate-slice coasters provide a stylish way to protect surfaces from stains and spills. We love how gold edges add modern contrast.


CHICAGO, IL, UNITED STATES, April 16, 2019 /EINPresswire.com/ -- Latino Author, U.S. Army veteran, and TEDx speaker, Robert Renteria, received an honorary Doctor of Humanities and Academics degree from Ibero/Americano University. The Mexico Doctorate induction was held in Sacramento, California, on Wednesday April 3, 2019, during the university's commencement ceremony.
Illinois civic leader, Robert Renteria has been selected to receive two Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., awards for excellence in his work in anti-violence education, youth initiatives and community change. Renteria will be honored by Reverend Jesse Jackson's coalition, PUSH Excel on January 15, 2013 at 8 a.m. at the UIC Forum, 725 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, Illinois.
Robert Renteria continues to combat the assimilation of conflict. He, in partnership with The Miracle Center and Maria Torres of the Emerging Artists Foundation, will present "The Barrio Project," Renteria's publicist announced today. Selected scenes from the stage play will be performed during a sneak-peak special. The event takes place Friday, Dec. 4, 2015, at The Miracle Center, 2311 N. Pulaski, Chicago, IL. Doors open at 7:00 p.m. for the 7:30 p.m. performance.
In 2013 Mr. Renteria is the first Latino in the world to ever receive two National Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Awards for his work as a Civil Rights Leader and a Latino voice in Educational Reform. In 2011 Robert Renteria is the first Latino in the world to receive an Outstanding International Humanitarian Award for promoting Global Peace and Education.
Robert Renteria, an award-winning author and former businessman from Chicago, powered a motivational speech to a select group of San Benito High School boys on Sept. 7.
Crosses for Losses: America Never Forgotten uses an unparalleled model designed to tackle violence and support the families of victims. The Aurora, Illinois-based group offers solution-oriented and inspiring tools to perform these tasks.
As we celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month, we highlight the work done by Chicago's growing Latino community.
Robert Renteria has made it his mission to get kids to move away from gangs and look to education.
How did he do it? Growing up in one of the worst neighborhoods in the country to become a top business man? His story is inspiring kids who are looking at his words on paper to find a better path.
Jim Oberweis recently donated 1,000 copies of author Robert Renteria's Barrio books to Chicago schools, Renterias' publicist announced today. Barrio books inspire, motivate, and teach at-risk youth how to make better choices. Renteria addresses youth issues through his book series and school-based and faith-based curricula.
"Mr. Renteria remains our only author to develop anti-violence and youth initiatives," stated his publicist, Fran Briggs. "He continues to be recognized for his effectiveness to transcend culture by reaching youth from different backgrounds. To date, more than 200,000 students from 23 countries have received his curriculum."


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The latest news from around San Francisco
Headless Torso Found Inside Fish Tank in San Francisco Home of Man Reported Missing
Law enforcement sources previously said that a headless and hands-less corpse was found, but officials did not go into details at Tuesday's news conference
By NBC Bay Area staff
Published Aug 27, 2018 at 10:31 PM | Updated at 6:40 PM PDT on Aug 29, 2018
Torso Found Inside Fish Tank in SF Home of Missing Man
//www.nbcbayarea.com/on-air/as-seen-on/Torso-Found-Inside-Fish-Tank-in-SF-Home-of-Missing-Man_Bay-Area-492045601.html
A human torso was found inside a fish tank at the San Francisco home of a man who had been reported missing, San Francisco Police announced Tuesday. (Published Wednesday, Aug. 29, 2018)
A human torso was found inside a fish tank at the San Francisco home of a man who had been reported missing, San Francisco Police announced Tuesday.
Residents on Clara Street in the city's South of Market neighborhood had been talking on Nextdoor about the mysterious absence of their neighbor Brian Egg since Aug. 2. Some neighbors say the last time they saw the 65-year-old on his daily walk with his dog Lucky was in early June.
A neighbor said he called police asking for a welfare check. He said a man who claimed to live at Egg's home told police and others Egg was on vacation, a story police appeared to believe until a few weeks ago.
At a news conference Tuesday, San Francisco police officials said authorities tried to contact Egg at his 228 Clara Street residence several times but no one answered the door. Egg's family filed a missing person report on Aug. 7, officials said.
A human torso was found inside a fish tank at the San Francisco home of a man reported missing, San Francisco Police announced Tuesday. Jean Elle reports.
(Published Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2018)
"There was information left on his answering machine that he was out of town," SFPD said.
On Aug. 14, neighbors called 911 and reported a suspicious person outside Egg's home with a crime scene-cleaning truck. Police said they arrested two men, ages 52 and 39, the following day on charges of financial crimes, identify theft and homicide.
One of the men remained in jail Tuesday night wihle the other was released, police said.
On Aug. 17, a day after police obtained a search warrant for Egg's home, police located a person's torso inside a large fish tank in a concealed area of the residence, SFPD said.
Law enforcement sources previously said that a headless and hands-less corpse was found, but officials did not go into details Tuesday.
The search of the home took four days in total, officials said. Inside, police discovered cleaning products and a suspicious odor.
A human torso found inside a fish tank at the San Francisco home of a man reported missing, San Francisco Police announced Tuesday. Mark Matthews reports.
The medical examiner's office is working to identify the body, officials said. The investigation is still ongoing.
Neighbor Philippe Dunbar said patrol cars were parked outside the home in shifts for about two weeks.
"Another cop car would pull up, the first one would pull away, and the second one would pull into the same parking space," he said. "So there was always a cop in this alley for awhile."
Dunbar added, "There were people going in and out with masks on."


text:
Eteobalea isabellella is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in Spain, France, Italy, Corsica, the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and North Africa.

The wingspan is about 14 mm. Adults are on wing from May to early October in two generations per year.

References

Moths described in 1836
Eteobalea
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Running python 64 with shebang (#!) on Mac I use python 64bit as follows.

alias python64='arch -x86_64 /usr/bin/python2.6'

How can I run python 64bit mode with shebang(#!)?

??? #!/usr/bin/python2.6 ???

A: #!/path/to/arch -x86_64 /usr/bin/python2.6

I dont have a mac to test right now, but usually in *nix you can find the path to an executable using:
which arch

A: In OS X 10.6 arch is /usr/bin/arch, so your line is
#!/usr/bin/arch -x86_64 /usr/bin/python2.6

In general, if you don't know the path you can always use the env command in the shebang as shown here, which is guaranteed to be in /usr/bin. So,
#!/usr/bin/env arch -x86_64 /usr/bin/python2.6

will also work.


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UV protection for children is a critical issue for schools who need to meet stringent health and safety regulations. Correctly positioned shade sails can block out up to 95% of the suns rays and cut heat levels down dramatically.
Scotch College School in Melbourne needed to shade senior school students waiting in a pick up and drop off zone. During hot summers, this sizeable outdoor recreation area was largely unusable for critical parts of the day. Rainy days were also a problem and the solution had to be waterproof too.
Mulders were selected as the shade sail supplier. Four rectangular shade sails were proposed to provide maximum shade cover. For solid construction and durable tensioning, each supporting post had a large diameter. High clearance ensured no obstruction to passing vehicles.
The sails were designed from colorful red architectural PVC, complementing the school's red brick design. This high quality membrane was waterproof and UV resistant, able to provide superb protection from rain, wind and sun. Supporting posts were made from hot dipped galvanized steel, resistant to rain, salt corrosion and rust.
The end result was a light and airy looking shade structure. Students could now wait outside in comfort for their friends or parents, whatever the weather!
Scotch College Press Release © GV Mulder Aust Pty Ltd.


text:
The exocyst in ciliogenesis and cystogenesis
Lipschutz, Joshua H.
Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Search 29 grants from Joshua Lipschutz
Search grants from Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Vascular Smooth Muscle and Blood Pressure Regulation By Cyb5R3
New York Regional Center for Diabetes Translation Research
Rebalancing protein homeostasis enhances tumor antigen presentation
Predicting Pediatric Readmission: Development of a Validated Risk Prediction Tool
The Mechanism of Recombination-Mediated Loss of Heterozygosity in Human
Our goal here is to understand the role of the highly conserved eight-protein exocyst complex in ciliogenesis and cystogenesis. Cysts are """"""""building blocks"""""""" for epithelial organs such as the kidney, and defects in cyst formation are implicated in human disorders such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). ADPKD is the most common potentially lethal genetic disease, affecting approximately 1/500 people, and the fourth leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. There are currently no approved therapies for the 500,000 Americans, including 100,000 veterans and dependents, with ADPKD. In renal tubule cells, we recently showed that the exocyst complex localized to, and was necessary for, formation of the primary cilium, an organelle strongly implicated in ADPKD pathogenesis. The exocyst co- localized and co-immunoprecipitated with Par3, a central ciliary protein. Following knockdown of exocyst component Sec10, primary ciliogenesis no longer occurred. Our Preliminary Studies also show an interaction between Sec10 and Par3, which is the foundation for Aim 1. The secretory pathway is crucial for proper cell function and the exocyst is known for mediating the targeting and docking of secretory vesicles carrying membrane proteins. Multiple Rho and Rab family GTPases regulate the exocyst. In yeast, we showed that Cdc42, a Rho GTPase, localized the exocyst to specific plasma membrane domains and our Preliminary Studies demonstrate that: Sec10 and Cdc42 are binding partners, Cdc42 and Sec10 co-localize at primary cilia, and Cdc42 perturbation inhibits ciliogenesis. We also show that the exocyst co-immunoprecipitates with Rab8, a small GTPase necessary for ciliogenesis and found on the surface of vesicles carrying ciliary proteins. These are critical data for Aim 2. Our Preliminary Studies show that Sec10 knockdown cells are similar to ADPKD cells in several crucial ways: they have low levels of intracellular calcium that do not increase with fluid flow, the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is turned on, and they are hyperproliferative. Importantly, we demonstrate a biochemical interaction between exocyst Sec10 and polycystin-2. PKD2, encoding the calcium channel polycystin-2, is one of two genes, which when mutated, causes ADPKD. We show in vivo correlation using sec10 antisense morpholinos in zebrafish, which results in a remarkably similar phenotype to that following injection of pkd2 morpholinos, with a """"""""curly up"""""""" tail, dilated glomeruli, disorganized cilia, and MAPK pathway activation. Finally, we demonstrate a genetic interaction between pkd2 and sec10, in that small amounts of each morpholino that individually have no effect, together result in the phenotype noted above. Our collaborators showed the exocyst mislocalized intracellularly in human ADPKD cells, thereby establishing a link between exocyst localization and ADPKD. These data are the basis for Aim 3. Our proposed research, therefore, is directed toward the hypothesis that the central role the exocyst plays in ciliogenesis and cystogenesis is mediated via its localization at the primary cilium by Cdc42, its stabilization by binding to Par3, and the subsequent targeting and docking of Rab8 positive vesicles carrying ciliary proteins. Accordingly, we will build on our findings that the exocyst is necessary for ciliogenesis by performing three Aims.
In Aim 1, we will identify and map the interacting domain between exocyst component Sec10 and Par3. We will then disrupt the interacting domain and determine the consequences with respect to ciliogenesis and cystogenesis.
In Aim 2, we will investigate the role of Rho and Rab GTPases, especially Cdc42 and Rab8, in localizing the exocyst to primary cilia for trafficking of secretory vesicles carrying ciliary proteins. Finally, in Aim 3, we will determine the role of the exocyst in ciliogenesis and cystogenesis in vivo using antisense morpholinos of sec10 and Rho/Rab GTPases in zebrafish. Successful completion of these Aims will improve our understanding of protein delivery, ciliogenesis, and cystogenesis at the cell and molecular levels, and identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADPKD.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), affecting approximately 1/500 people, or 500,000 Americans, is the most common potentially lethal genetic disease and 4th leading cause of kidney failure. Given 25 million veterans and another 45 million family members, there are at least 100,000 veterans or dependents with ADPKD. As Chief of Kidney Medicine at the Philadelphia VAMC and physician in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard, I frequently see patients with ADPKD, and it is difficult to tell them that there are no approved therapies. ADPKD is characterized by cystic overgrowth that destroys the kidney. A cellular organelle called the primary cilium has been strongly implicated in ADPKD pathogenesis and our Preliminary Studies show that the eight-protein exocyst complex is necessary for cilia and cyst formation, both in cell culture and living animals. Here, we propose experiments to test how the exocyst builds primary cilia, with successful completion leading to identification of novel candidate targets for intervention in ADPKD.
Non-HHS Research Projects (I01)
5I01BX000820-04
Nephrology (NEPH)
Philadelphia VA Medical Center
I01 VA The Exocyst in Ciliogenesis and Acute Kidney Injury
Lipschutz, Joshua H. / Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center
I01 VA Cdc-42 and the Exocyst in Ciliogenesis and Polycystic Kidney Disease
I01 VA The exocyst in ciliogenesis and cystogenesis
Lipschutz, Joshua H. / Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Lobo, Glenn P; Pauer, Gayle; Lipschutz, Joshua H et al. (2018) The Retinol-Binding Protein Receptor 2 (Rbpr2) Is Required for Photoreceptor Survival and Visual Function in the Zebrafish. Adv Exp Med Biol 1074:569-576
Toomer, Katelynn A; Fulmer, Diana; Guo, Lilong et al. (2017) A role for primary cilia in aortic valve development and disease. Dev Dyn 246:625-634
Lobo, Glenn P; Fulmer, Diana; Guo, Lilong et al. (2017) The exocyst is required for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development. J Biol Chem 292:14814-14826
Kwon, Sang-Ho; Oh, Sekyung; Nacke, Marisa et al. (2016) Adaptor Protein CD2AP and L-type Lectin LMAN2 Regulate Exosome Cargo Protein Trafficking through the Golgi Complex. J Biol Chem 291:25462-25475
Baek, Jeong-In; Kwon, Sang-Ho; Zuo, Xiaofeng et al. (2016) Dynamin Binding Protein (Tuba) Deficiency Inhibits Ciliogenesis and Nephrogenesis in Vitro and in Vivo. J Biol Chem 291:8632-43
Han, Sang Jun; Jang, Hee-Seong; Kim, Jee In et al. (2016) Unilateral nephrectomy elongates primary cilia in the remaining kidney via reactive oxygen species. Sci Rep 6:22281
Seixas, Cecília; Choi, Soo Young; Polgar, Noemi et al. (2016) Arl13b and the exocyst interact synergistically in ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 27:308-20
Choi, Soo Young; Baek, Jeong-In; Zuo, Xiaofeng et al. (2015) Cdc42 and sec10 Are Required for Normal Retinal Development in Zebrafish. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56:3361-70
Fogelgren, Ben; Polgar, Noemi; Lui, Vanessa H et al. (2015) Urothelial Defects from Targeted Inactivation of Exocyst Sec10 in Mice Cause Ureteropelvic Junction Obstructions. PLoS One 10:e0129346
Alam, Ahsan; Dahl, Neera K; Lipschutz, Joshua H et al. (2015) Total Kidney Volume in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Biomarker of Disease Progression and Therapeutic Efficacy. Am J Kidney Dis 66:564-76
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The ANNUAL GATHERING is usually held on the first weekend of October when, in addition to the AGM and Dinner, there is an opportunity to explore and find out about the surrounding area. Except for the AGM itself, the meeting is open to everyone attending the Gathering.
The GATHERING is usually held in a small hotel, at times the Association has had sole occupancy dependant on numbers, and the venue moves around various parts of the UK (for a list of recent venues see below) to avoid some members always having to have a long journey.
13.45 This is followed by a number of talks presentations by local experts or Association members with a "story" to tell. Followed by a cup of tea and a Question and Answer session with our speakers.