text:
Jim Huffman
Posters Plus
July 31, 2019 August 2, 2019 David Sadowski 4 Comments
Today, we are featuring lots of poster images from the Samuel Insull era in Chicago transit, the early 1900s, thanks to the generosity of Jim Huffman. For some years, the Insull interests owned the Chicago Rapid Transit Company, as well as all three major Chicago-area interurban railroads, the North Shore Line, South Shore Line, and Chicago Aurora & Elgin. Therefore, it should not be too surprising that there was a lot of similarity in their advertising posters.
There is a current special exhibit at the Art Institute of Chicago called Everyone's Art Gallery: Posters of the London Underground, and these posters appear to have influenced Chicago's.
You may also want to check out Keeping Everyone in the Loop: 50 Years of Chicago "L" Graphics, by our friend J. J. Sedelmaier.
Finally, we have Bill Shapotkin's reminiscences of two recently departed railfans, Roy Benedict and Myron Lane.
PS- There are multiple versions of some posters… and, there are also a few "ringers," modern posters inspired by the originals, pamphlets, etc. etc.
From the Collections of Jim Huffman
"Ringers" by Mitch Markovitz
Mitch Markovitz is a well-known and very talented artist, who is also a student of history. You would be forgiven if you mistook some of his modern-day works for classic transit posters.
Poster painting image used with permission, Copyright Mitch Markovitz.
William Shapotkin writes:
Two long-time friends and members or the rail/transit enthusiast community passed away within the last week or so. Myron Lane (Friday, July 5th), was born June 15, 1951. Myron was one of, if not the best known Chicago-area bus photographers around. Myron took tons and tons and tons of slides over the years. His widow (Brenda, who I have not spoken with) is aware that his material does NOT belong in the dumpster and that disposition of same is pending.
Myron had been in poor health for a number of years. It had been at least two months since I last spoke with him, as he was often too ill to talk. We did do some photo work together — traveling to Kenosha, WI (at least twice), following a chartered Amtrak train to Illinois Railway Museum and, of course, a number of Omnibus Society of America fantrips. We even worked together for a number of years at the RTA Travel Information Center. "Mr Lane" was a WONDERFUL photographer. He would often stand at a given location for as along as an hour to get the "right" pix (i.e.: no autos or pedestrian traffic in sight, correct destination sign display, lighting, etc.). Have a number of fine examples of his work in my collection. Will miss him greatly.
While on vacation in the wilds of Wisconsin, I was saddened by the death of long-time friend and fellow rail/transit enthusiast Roy G Benedict. Roy, a bachelor and life-long Chicagoan passed away suddenly on/about June 29th. A retired high school teacher, Roy had worked tirelessly in the study and preparation of electric traction history — more especially in the Chicagoland area.
He worked as a cartographer on a large number of Bulletins for the Central Electric Railfans' Association for over 55 years. An accomplished author, he wrote numerous articles and was editor of FIRST AND FASTEST, quarterly publication of the Shoreline Interurban Historical Society — the staff of which my late wife, Rosemarie and myself served with him for some two years in the early 2000s.
I met Roy shortly after joining CERA in 1973. He was very knowledgeable on the history and operations of streetcar, interurban and rapid transit operations in the Chicago area and was almost always the "go to" guy when questions arose regarding those subjects. Aside from a great personal knowledge, he had a library of research work, including books, journals (compiled by himself and others), maps and notes from the collection of James J. Buckley. Aside from his work on CERA Bulletins, he spent many hours with me pouring over my own work, FASTER THAN THE LIMITEDS, the story of the Chicago-New York Electric Air Line and successor Gary Railways. He was by far the most major contributor of material for that book and assisted me in proofreading and preparation… without his invaluable assistance the finished work would have been far less satisfying.
Roy and I made numerous "field trips," more especially with the late John Van Kuiken, searching for and documenting the routes of the Chicago Interurban Traction, Illinois Valley Lines, Sterling Dixon and Eastern, Winona Railroad (the one in Indiana — NOT the one in Minnesota) and the streetcar lines of Dixon, Joliet, La Salle, Ottawa, Streator and other towns and cities in the Chicago area. He kept maticulas notes and had data bases covering existing electric railway facilities (carbarns, substations, etc.) of the area — which have proved invaluable to me in doing my own research.
Roy also introduced me to the Hoosier Traction Meet — held annually in Indianapolis, IN the weekend after Labor Day. Well, he did not introduce me to the meet, what he really did was recruit me (as program (auditorium) manager) — a duty which I have undertaken for some 15 years now. We communicated regularly (sometimes as often as four times a week) by phone, often spending hours discussing a given subject and often pouring over maps while doing so.
Roy was 78 years old. The first realization that something was not right was when he did not show up at the designated time/place to be picked up for a trip to the Illinois Railway Museum on Sunday, June 30th. A check of his home found him dead on Monday, July 1st. As I was out-of-town at the time and unable to advise anyone (other than by phone) of his passing. He had made all of his final arrangements thru Craig Moffat (brother of long-time friend Bruce Moffat). His remains will be cremated and there is to be no memorial service. Understand (thru my numerous conversations with Roy) that his collection of books, papers, etc. is to be turned over to the Illinois Railway Museum's Strahorn Library — where it will be preserved for future generations of historians to use in their research.
The attached photo of Roy was taken October 2016 by Eric Bronsky while at Bob Olson's South Bend Electric Railway.
The loss of a friend is always difficult. Roy's passing is more especially so. We spent so much time together in compiling, proofreading and writing material and well as traveling along and being involved with CERA, Hoosier Traction Meet and Shoreline Interurban Historical Society. His passing leaves a major hole in my soul… it was a great honor and a privilege to have known him. I and the rail/transit enthusiast community were blessed for having him. Roy, you are already greatly missed.
Bill Shapotkin
Now Available On Compact Disc
RRC-OMTT
Railroad Record Club Traction Rarities – 1951-58
From the Original Master Tapes
Our friend Kenneth Gear recently acquired the original Railroad Record Club master tapes. These have been digitized, and we are now offering over three hours of 1950s traction audio recordings that have not been heard in 60 years.
Properties covered include:
Potomac Edison (Hagerstown & Frederick), Capital Transit, Altoona & Logan Valley, Shaker Heights Rapid Transit, Pennsylvania Railroad, Illinois Terminal, Baltimore Transit, Niagara St. Catharines & Toronto, St. Louis Public Transit, Queensboro Bridge, Third Avenue El, Southern Iowa Railway, IND Subway (NYC), Johnstown Traction, Cincinnati Street Railway, and the Toledo & Eastern
$5 from the sale of each set will go to Kenneth Gear, who has invested thousands of dollars to purchase all the remaining artifacts relating to William A. Steventon's Railroad Record Club of Hawkins, WI. It is very unlikely that he will ever be able to recoup his investment, but we support his efforts at preserving this important history, and sharing it with railfans everywhere.
Potomac Edison (Hagerstown & Frederick):
01. 3:45 Box motor #5
02. 3:32 Box motor #5, May 24, 1953
03. 4:53 Engine whistle signals, loco #12, January 17, 1954
04. 4:13 Loco #12
Capital Transit:
05. 0:56 PCC car 1557, Route 20 – Cabin John line, July 19, 1953
06. 1:43
Altoona & Logan Valley:
07. 4:00 Master Unit car #74, August 8, 1953
Shaker Heights Rapid Transit:
08. 4:17 Car 306 (ex-AE&FRE), September 27, 1953
Pennsylvania Railroad GG-1s:
11. 4:35 August 27, 1954
Illinois Terminal:
13. 5:02 Streamliner #300, northward from Edwardsville, February 14, 1955
14. 12:40 Car #202 (ex-1202), between Springfield and Decatur, February 1955
Baltimore Transit:
15. 4:56 Car 5706, January 16, 1954
Niagara, St. Catharines & Toronto:
17. 4:19 Interurbans #83 and #80, October 1954
18. 5:20 #80, October 1954
St. Louis Public Service:
01. 4:34 PCCs #1708, 1752, 1727, 1739, December 6, 1953
Queensboro Bridge Company (New York City):
02. 5:37 Cars #606, 605, and 601, December 31, 1954
Third Avenue El (New York City):
04. 5:07 December 31. 1954
05. 4:47 Cars #1797, 1759, and 1784 at 59th Street, December 31, 1954
Southern Iowa Railway:
06. 4:46 Loco #400, August 17, 1955
07. 5:09 Passenger interurban #9
IND Subway (New York City):
08. 8:40 Queens Plaza station, December 31, 1954
Last Run of the Hagerstown & Frederick:
09. 17:34 Car #172, February 20, 1954 – as broadcast on WJEJ, February 21, 1954, with host Carroll James, Sr.
Disc Three
Altoona & Logan Valley/Johnstown Traction:
01. 29:34 (Johnstown Traction recordings were made August 9, 1953)
Cincinnati Street Railway:
02. 17:25 (Car 187, Brighton Car House, December 13, 1951– regular service abandoned April 29, 1951)
Toledo & Eastern:
03. 10:36 (recorded May 3-7, 1958– line abandoned July 1958)
04. 16:26 sounds recorded on board a PCC (early 1950s)
Total time (3 discs) – 215:03
January 24, 2019 January 25, 2019 David Sadowski 4 Comments
For fans of the North Shore Line interurban, January 21, 1963 will always be a day that will "live in infamy," to borrow a phrase from Franklin D. Roosevelt, as that was the date of abandonment.
But January 21 is also the day we started this blog, four years ago. We can't do anything to bring back the NSL, but we can honor its memory going forward, and a lot of other memories besides, in this space.
As far as we are concerned, every day is a day to celebrate the North Shore Line. But today, as we begin our fifth year, we are fortunate to have much NSL material to share. First, courtesy of Jim Huffman, we have nearly 60 images of North Shore Line posters. To these, we have added some additional classic photos from the collections of William Shapotkin.
To round things out, we have some recent photo finds of our own, plus some interesting correspondence from Jeff Marinoff.
Throughout its existence, the Chicago, North Shore & Milwaukee prided itself on SERVICE. In our own small way, we try to do the same for you and the railfan community.
Thanks to the generosity of our readers, we have already exceeded our goal of raising $436 by the end of this month. To date, we have received $725. We have tried to personally thank everyone who contributed. Unfortunately, a couple of e-mail addresses we were given, along with these donations, appear to be out of date, as our thank you messages were returned by the mail server. So, if you did not receive a thank you note from us, that is probably why, but we are still thankful nonetheless.
It is a fact of life that this blog has run at a deficit since it began. Our goal is to get it to a point where it can be self-sufficient. We lost at least $10k in each of our first two years, and $6k in our third year.
While we have not yet determined the amount of loss for last year, it is expected to have been less than $6k.
It costs real money to bring you many of these classic images. We have already paid our fees for the coming year, and additional donations in excess of that goal will be used to pay for more images that will show up in future posts.
On average, it probably costs about $10 for each image we purchase for this blog. So if you have 50 images in a post, that represents a $500 expenditure, and $1000 for 100 images. Now you can see the challenge, and how beneficial it is when individuals share their material with us.
We also hope to work on another book project this year. The costs of doing the necessary research on our first two volumes are far in excess of the revenue received. But it is possible these books will continue to sell over time, and in the long run, may also eventually reach a break-even point.
So, while we have now met our immediate goal, the need is ongoing throughout the year. Your generous contributions are always appreciated, in whatever amount you choose to give.
You will find links for donations at the end of this post.
North Shore Line Posters
Again, we thank Jim Huffman for sharing these with our readers. There are color variations for a few of the posters. Presumably, these went through more than one printing.
As you can see, many of these iconic posters have little, if anything, to do with actually riding on the North Shore Line. But they were tremendously successful in promoting the North Shore itself, its beauty, charm, and history, along with the idea of easy and convenient travel, resulting in a greater sense of freedom and ultimate satisfaction in life. Now, they are an important part of our history.
North Shore Line Photos
These are from the collections of William Shapotkin:
CNS&M 756 is at the rear of the 10:55 am train to Milwaukee, leaving Roosevelt Road station on November 7, 1962. (William Shapotkin Collection)
CNS&M Electroliner 802-801 at Roosevelt Road in Chicago on November 11, 1962. (William Shapotkin Collection)
The Roosevelt Road/Holden Court station on the South Side "L". The view looks north. (William Shapotkin Collection)
North Shore Line cars are stored on the center track at the CTA's Roosevelt Road station on November 7, 1962. The view looks south. CNS&M had exclusive use of the station from 1949 to 1963, as rapid transit cars on North-South were routed through the State Street subway. The station was eventually removed, but since put back. (William Shapotkin Collection)
North Shore Line Electroliner 801-802 at Roosevelt Road in Chicago, 1962. (William Shapotkin Collection)
CTA 6186 heads east over the Illinois Central right-of-way in the early 1950s, heading towards the Field Museum and Soldier Field. This extension of the Roosevelt Road streetcar line was built for A Century of Progress, the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair.
CTA 3173, at right, is a one-man car running on Route 38, as is the red car it is passing. At left is a Route 4 – Cottage Grove prewar PCC. We are looking south on Wabash Avenue, just north of the Chicago River, in the early 1950s.
CTA 4180 heads southbound at State and 86th Streets in May 1952. (John D. Koschwanez Photo)
CTA 4164, a Pullman PCC, heads north on Clark Street circa 1948, ready to cross LaSalle Drive, which runs at an angle at this point. In the background, you can see the Chicago Historical Society (now Chicago History Museum) building. The Standard gas station at right is now a BP.
CTA 4111 heads south on Route 22 – Clark-Wentworth in this undated view. This image was restored from a badly faded Kodacolor print.
Chicago Surface Lines 7008, in "tiger stripes," is in the Madison-Austin loop, circa 1945-46. (Robert J. Mahar Photo)
Four generations of Chicago rapid transit cars, as they were posed in Forest Park on January 9, 1994– cars 6102, 1992 (formerly 2008), 1, and 4271. After this, their fates diverged; car 1 is now at the Chicago History Museum, 1992 eventually went to the Illinois Railway Museum for parts scrapping, 4271 is still part of the CTA's Heritage Fleet, and 6102 was stored at the Fox River Trolley Museum for several years, before returning to CTA in 2017, where it will hopefully one day run again. (Bruce C. Nelson Photo)
Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company (aka Red Arrow Lines) car #17 is near West Chester on May 1, 1954. Much of this line was single track, running along the side of West Chester Pike.
Jeff Marinoff writes:
Among the several post cards that I've added to my collection lately are two awesome Chicago Union Traction Company cards from 1906. Note that car # 4911 is pulling an open trailer. Also, if you zoom in on the rear of car # 4911, you'll see on the opposite track in the distant background is another car pulling an open trailer car in the other direction.
Also of interest is the wooden roof sign on car # 4911. It reads N. CLARK STREET. The side roll sign on # 4911 reads CLARK – DEVON. The front roll sign reads CLARK ST . Possibly helping to identify the location is the address painted on the window of the building behind car # 4911 which looks like it says 4362. I wonder if this was 4362 North Clark Street. I'm being told that the scene showing # 4911 is in the area of the Devon Station car barn and near the intersection of Clark and Devon. In September 1909, the City of Chicago changed its street numbering system. In the c1906 post card photo, you see the street number 4362. That number was changed in 1909 to 6333 N. Clark, which is about a block south of Devon Avenue, which is 6400 North.
On the card that shows the Chicago Union Traction Company crews in 1906, note that one of the conductors has hung the round metal run number sign on his uniform jacket. A novel place to carry it to his assignment. This post card scene is said to be outside of the Devon Station car barn.
As usual, I am indebted to Walter Keevil for technical info on Chicago Union Traction Company car # 4911.
Thanks for sharing these wonderful photos, plus your research. Keep those cards and letters coming in, folks.
Our 225th Post
January 14, 2019 August 21, 2020 David Sadowski 16 Comments
A Ravenswood "L" train at State and Lake in April 1964. Trains ran counter-clockwise around the Loop in one direction until the opening of the Dan Ryan line in 1969. Fritzel's restaurant is at left. At right, you can just make out one of those "praying mantis" street lights, installed in 1959. Steve Felsenthal adds, "Ravenswood trains switched to the inner track after stopping on the outer track at Randolph & Wells except during weekdays rush hours during the CTA era from sometime in the early to mid 50s until 1969 when the direction of the inner loop track was reversed."
Happy New Year! We begin 2019 with classic traction photos for our 225th post. William Shapotkin has generously shared more with us, and we have some recent finds of our own to round things out.
It costs real money to bring you these fine images, and soon the bill will come due for maintaining this site. It's the time of year for our annual fundraiser, and our goal is to raise $436, to keep the Trolley Dodger blog around for another year. Can you help us?
We thank you in advance for your generosity in helping to keep this site going and free of advertising. If you wish to contribute, there are links at the end of this post.
We finished 2018 with 122,358 page views from 38,469 visitors. Page views increased by nearly 3% from the year before, making this our second-best year to date. We had about 10% more visitors than the year before, and in that category, it was our best year yet.
January 21 marks our fourth anniversary, and we will have another new post for you then.
During 2018, we made 22 posts in all. While this was less than in previous years, several of these posts had more than 100 images apiece (as does this one). With 225 posts, we have achieved our initial goal of creating an online archive and resource for people who are interested in vintage transit images. Our current goal is to keep the quality high while avoiding repeating ourselves.
We also published Building Chicago's Subways, our second book in two years. Information on that book can be found at the end of this post.
From the William Shapotkin Collection
Classic South Shore Line Photos
Here are 49 great South Shore Line images, all from the William Shapotkin Collection. We are very grateful to Mr. Shapotkin for his generosity in sharing these photos with our readers and the railfan community.
#8 heads up train #511 at Miller on May 30, 1988. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
#44 at Dune Park, headquarters of the Northern Indiana Commuter Transit District that funded the electric operation and the new cars. This was a charter train. (Walter Veilbaum Photo)
#3 at Michigan City in 1938. (C. V. Hess Photo)
#4 at Gary on June 16, 1946. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
#12 at Michigan City in 1939. (C. V. Hess Photo)
#22 in East Chicago, Indiana in 1953. (Richard Brown Photo)
#26 in Gary on October 29, 1949. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
#30 at South Bend in August 1938. (C. V. Hess Photo)
#30 at Tremont on May 17, 1941. (Charles Savage Photo)
#32 at South Bend on September 15, 1948. (Paul Stringham Photo)
#34 at Michigan City in September 1953. That's the note that came with the photo… on the other hand, Spence Ziegler says, "Looks more like CSS&SB Car #34 is in the South Bend coach yard." (Richard Brown Photo)
#100 at Chicago on February 8, 1944. The only patriotic car of CSS&SB. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo) (Editor's note: there is a different picture of car 100 in this paint scheme in my book Chicago Trolleys.)
#100 at South Bend, apparently in the 1940s. (Charles Savage Photo)
Another photo of #100 at South Bend, but not taken at the same time. Note how the windows have been changed, with the installation of air conditioning. This photo appears to date to the early 1950s. (Charles Savage Photo)
#100 at Wagner Siding, east of Gary, on May 30, 1940. (Eugene Van Dusen Photo)
#103 on September 20, 1942. (Paul Stringham Photo)
#106A at Chicago on August 22, 1968. (Will Whittaker Photo)
#102 at South Bend on July 8, 1947. At right, the auto appears to be a 1947 Studebaker, known as the "which way is it going" model. (Charles Savage Photo)
#201 at Michigan City in September 1953. (Richard Brown Photo)
Trailer #203 at South Bend in October 1938. (C. V. Hess Photo)
Dining car #301 in 1939. (Photo by A. Q.)
Parlor car #352 at Lydick, Indiana on September 20, 1942. It appears to have been rebuilt later and gone to the Canada Gulf & Terminal Railway. See their car 504 for comparison. (Paul Stringham Photo)
#354 was built by Pullman in 1927 as a parlor car trailer, and rebuilt as a passenger car trailer in 1939.
Loco #802 at Fremont, Indiana in June 1956. (Will Whittaker Photo)
Loco #701 at Michigan City on August 22, 1968. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
Loco 702, lettered for South Shore RR.
Loco #900. (R. Biermann Photo)
Loco #903 (ex-IC), and #503 (ex-Indiana Railroad #375.
Loco #1005 at Michigan City in April 1940.
Locos #1009 and 1004 at Michigan City in June 1939. (Birney Miller Photo)
Loco #1013 at Michigan City. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
Loco #1014 at Michigan City. (C. V. Hess Photo)
Line car #1100. (Gus Wilson Photo)
Line car #1100 at Chicago on June 28, 1986 (for a fantrip, which I also attended). (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
#1100 in Chicago on June 28, 1986. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
Don's Rail Photos says, "73 was built by Niles in 1908. In 1927 it was rebuilt into work motor 1126. In 1941 it was sold and converted to a house. In 1994 it was purchased for restoration from a buyer who had picked it up the month before for back taxes. He really did not want the car, just the land. Bob Harris began restoration in 2005. There were delays when Bob had a heart attack. There is a recent report on June 17, 2017."
#1100 at Hudson Lake on June 28, 1986. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
#1100 at Dune Park on June 28, 1986. (Gordon E. Lloyd Photo)
Loco #1014A at New Carlisle, Indiana on August 7, 1938, during an Illinois Central excursion. (Eugene Van Dusen Photo)
Line car #1101, formerly a passenger car, at Michigan City in April 1940. (Eugene Van Dusen Photo)
#1126 in August 1938. (Photo by R. S.)
CSS&SB combo, used by railfans at South Bend on March 22, 1938.
An 8-car train at Lake Park in Fall 1940.
RTA loco #126 heads a leased 10-car train, which supplemented electric service for a time due to a car shortage. It made one round-trip a day out of Michigan City.
Loco #2000 at Michigan City in May 1988. (Walter H. Vielbaum Photo)
#2004 and caboose #003 at Michigan City in May 1988. (Walter H. Veilbaum Photo)
Misc. Photos From the Shapotkin Collection
On July 25, 1943 several railfans posed on the northbound platform of the as-yet unopened State Street Subway station at North and Clybourn. From left to right, we have J. Goehst, O. Scheer, George Krambles, N. Strodte, John R. Williams, J. E. Merriken Jr., R. Burns, J. Hughes, and R. E. Geis. (William Shapotkin Collection)
A train station at an unidentified location in February 1970. (William Shapotkin Collection)
This is car #202 of the Chippewa Valley Electric in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. (William Shapotkin Collection)
Grand River Railway (Canada) baggage car 622. (William Shapotkin Collection)
Yakima (Washington) trolley #1776 in 1976. (William Shapotkin Collection)
Two CTA 4000-series "L" cars in Sylvania, Ohio in August 1976. (William Shapotkin Collection)
We have a picture of South Shore Line car 100 of our own. This one was taken on October 15, 1967 at the shops in Michigan City.
This picture shows CTA trolleybus 234 (prior to the renumbering, where a "9" was added before all TB #s) running on the 51st-55th line. Perhaps the machine at left is removing streetcar track. Presumably this is the early 1950s. (William Hoffman Photo, Wien-Criss Archive)
CTA trolleybus 9672 and red Pullman 685 are near the Montgomery Wards complex at Chicago and Larrabee. This would be a Halsted streetcar, running on diversion trackage via Division to Crosby and Larrabee, then Chicago to Halsted, when work was being done on the Halsted Street bridge over the Chicago River. That dates the picture to 1953– after Marmon trolleybuses were delivered, but before streetcars stopped running on Halsted in 1954. (William Hoffman Photo, Wien-Criss Archive)
Chicago's Initial System of Subways originally had parcel lockers for public use. This picture helps explain why they were eliminated. In this April 17, 1962 photo, bomb squad detectives are carefully removing some hand grenades that were found in just such a locker at State and Randolph, along with machine gun ammunition.
Jim Huffman: Pix #564 & 565 (below) are SB Cottages returning from Grand and State on Wabash. The #38 Indiana north terminal was Navy Pier via Wabash and Grand, when it ended as a route, the #4 Cottage took its place north to Grand on State & south on Wabash, for awhile.
CTA 4056 is running on Route 4 – Cottage Grove in 1953. This is one of the postwar PCCs that was converted to one-man operation.
CTA 7013 running on Route 4 – Cottage Grove in 1953.
A colorized postcard view of a two-car Lake Street train crossing the Chicago River in the early 1900s. The postcard itself was mailed in 1907.
This transit worker is wearing a Chicago Union Traction cap, and a Chicago Railways jacket. This may help date the photo, as Chicago Railways acquired Chicago Union Traction in 1908.
CSL 7003 on Madison.
CSL 4018 in experimental colors, at Kedzie Station circa 1945-46. It's signed for the Madison-Fifth branch line. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CTA 4012 and 4090 at Kedzie Station. Since neither PCC has a logo, this is probably early in the CTA era that started on October 1, 1947. Both cars would have been running on Route 20 – Madison. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CTA prewar PCC 4047 is running on the 10-cent Madison Shuttle.
CSL 7053, 4145, and follower, at the Vincennes and 80th turning loop.
CSL 3300 on Montrose. Note the old Divco milk truck at left. Jim Hufman adds that we are "looking west on Montrose from Ashland, the building on the right is on the NW corner." (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CTA prewar PCC 4007 at 63rd Place and Narragansett, west end of Route 63, on September 11, 1948.
CSL 2730 and 2728, among others, at an unknown location. Jim Huffman: "Seems to be a Riverview-Larrabee car, could be Wrightwood car barn." (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 4080, a Pullman PCC newly delivered at South Shops.
CSL 3210 on Montrose at Milwaukee, west end of the line. Streetcars were replaced by buses on July 29, 1946. Trolley buses ran west o here. The entire line was converted to trolley bus on April 19, 1948, and they continued in used until January 13, 1973. Jim Huffman adds, "car #3310 is behind the car waiting to go east. This was always a problem with PM pull-out trippers at the end of line crossovers. The regular cars would have a longer layover/recovery time than the pull-outs would have. Often the tripper would arrive after their follower, hence the follower at the extreme end with its leader squeezed in so as to leave first. If two followers were there first, one would have to take the crossover & back up on the adjacent track. This I learned from observation when I was younger & also from CSL family members. Buses do not have this problem, they just go around." (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 3298 on Montrose. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 5702 on Archer. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 5731 on Route 5, South Chicago Avenue. Note two fans on the railroad embankment, taking pictures. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CTA 4036 is turning westbound on 63rd Place at Central. There was a section of nearly a mile of private right-of-way west of here. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 3287 on Montrose near Kedzie. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 2616, signed for 115th and Halsted. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 2733, signed for Downtown. Jim Huffman: "Riverview-Larrabee." (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 5073, signed for Archer and Western. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 2754 on a wintry day, signed or Roscoe and Western. Andre Kristopans writes, "I strongly suspect (2754 is) northbound on Larrabee at Clybourn on Route 40 Riverview-Larrabee." (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 2816, signed or Cottage Grove and 38th.
CTA 4330, a Pullman PCC, heads south on Halsted, crossing a brand-new bridge over the Congress Expressway, then under construction, in 1950. In the background is the Met "L" main line, which remained in use at this location until June 1958. The PCC is signed for Route 42, Halsted-Downtown. M. E. adds, "The streetcar's destination sign reads route 42, but route 42 did not run when and where the picture was taken (Halsted at Congress). At that spot, only route 8 ran. The correct sign would have said 8 Halsted-79." Jim Huffman adds, "The motorman saw the 79th thru the little view window & stopped there."
CTA 282 and 285 at 63rd and Kedzie in August 1953.
CTA 6101-6102 on the Paulina Connector, crossing the Congress rapid transit line, on April 21, 1991. This trackage is now used by the CTA Pink Line. Ater being stored at the Fox River Trolley Museum for many years, these cars are now back on CTA property as part of their historical collection and it is hoped they will someday run again. (Albert J. Reinschmidt Photo)
CTA red Pullman 225 and PCC 4406 on an October 21, 1956 fantrip. M. E. adds, "This picture is at 16th and Clark, facing north. Streetcars had their own private right-of-way west of Clark going under the two railroad viaducts located here."
CA&E #321 is on the back of an outbound train at Marshfield Junction.
A train of CA&E woods near Wells Street Terminal in downtown Chicago.
CTA 2067-2068 head up a westbound Lake Street train in June 1965.
CTA 2175-2176, a northbound Lake-Dan Ryan "B" train, near Adams and Wabash station on August 2, 1974. (Douglas N. Grotjahn Photo)
Chicago, Aurora & Elgin wood car #30. Don's Rail Photos notes, "These 15 motor cars and 5 trailers were built by Stephenson Car Co. in 1903 and were part of the original stock. 30 was built by Stephenson in 1903. It was retired in 1959."
North Shore Line city streetcar #354, which once ran on the streets of Milwaukee and Waukegan, at the Illinois Electric Railway Museum in North Chicago, September 15, 1957.
CTA Pullman PCC 4111 heads west on Monroe Street in 1950, running on Route 20 – Madison.
A two-car train of CTA 6000s heads east on Garfield Park temporary trackage at Paulina on April 3, 1954. The photographer was standing on the platform of the Met "L" station at Marshfield Junction, then still in use or Douglas Park trains.
Red Arrow Brilliner #9 at the end of the Ardmore line in May 1965.
Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Co. (aka Red Arrow) #17, a double-ended interurban car built by St. Louis Car Co. in 1949, is at the west end of the long West Chester line, which was bussed in 1954 to facilitate the widening of West Chester Pike.
Philadelphia Transportation Co. PCC #2031 is on a section of private right-of-way at the end of Route 6 in the early 1950s. That looks like aa 1953 Cadillac at right. This section of route was eventually cut back due to highway construction. (Walter Broschart Photo)
Public Service #2695 is inbound on the Hudson line on the old Hoboken elevated near the Summit turnoff at Palisade Avenue.
A Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit articulated "Bluebird" set of cars, on its inaugural run in 1939.
A set of articulated Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit "Bluebird" cars on Fulton Street at Tompkins Avenue.
We recently purchased some original plans from the Initial System of Subways, which detail where various utilities were intended to be relocated at the subway station at Grand and State. This just goes to show the incredible level of detail required for a project of this sort. Interestingly, these plans were in London, England and have now been repatriated back to Chicago. They are dated October 1939, and this document was voided out in December of that same year (and no doubt replaced with an updated version, based on the actual locations of utilities).
Ashley Koda writes:
I came across your website while researching the history of my apartment building. I have the attached photo reflecting a Chicago Surface Line Car No. 3098 on the corner of Erie & Bishop. I understand that this line was in operation between 1913-1947. I found a photo on your website of a 3098 car at Erie & Racine which looks identical to the one attached, so I was hoping you could please help me narrow the time frame of this photo or perhaps point me to some resources that may assist.
Your note doesn't mention which route the streetcar is on, and neither does the caption on the picture you found on my blog. However, it is probably this one, although the dates don't quite match up with 1913-1947 (information from www.chicagorailfan.com):
23 Morgan-Racine
Horse car route introduced by Chicago Passenger Railway
Streetcar route introduced by West Chicago Street Railroad/Chicago Railways (north of 21st St.)
Streetcar route introduced by Southern Street Railway (21st St. to Archer)
Streetcar route introduced by Chicago City Railway (south of Archer)
1886 – horse car service introduced primarily on Erie between downtown and Ashland
1886 – horse car service introduced on Racine between downtown and 21st St.
1896 – service on Erie and Racine converted to electric streetcar
1898 – Racine streetcar extended south via Throop and Morgan to Union Stockyards
12/1/12 – Through Route streetcar introduced, combining Erie and Racine routes
7/25/48 – streetcar route converted to buses
9/13/81 – discontinued
Through Route operated between Union Stockyards and near northwest side. Segment between 21st St. and Archer actually introduced by Chicago General Railway Co., acquired by Southern Street Railway Co. in 1905.
Midday service discontinued 9/10/61
Car House: Noble (until 8/31/47)
Blue Island (8/31/47-7/25/48)
Bus Garage: Blue Island (7/25/48-1/16/55)
Archer (1/16/55-9/13/81)
As for the streetcar itself, Don's Rail Photos gives the following information:
3098 was built by CSL in 1922. It was scrapped in 1948.
More pictures of streetcars were taken by fans in the 1940s than in the 1930s, perhaps in part because it was widely known that the older ones would soon be disappearing. So while there may not be much in the picture that can help date it, chances are it is from the period 1940-1948 than anything earlier than that, just due to statistics.
PS- Here is the other picture of 3098 that we previously ran.
Andre Kristopans: "3098 SB turning off Erie into Racine." (Railway Negative Exchange Photo)
From the Collections of Bill Shapotkin
August 16, 2018 August 20, 2018 David Sadowski 6 Comments
On August 13, 1971 Chicago Rock Island & Pacific #303 and 125 are backing into Blue Island (Burr Oak) yard. Bill Shapotkin adds, "The train is a ROCK Mainline Suburban train (if it had operated via Beverly, it would be west of the depot (to left)."
Today, we feature more classic photos of buses, trolleys, and trains, courtesy of Bill Shapotkin, long a friend of this blog. Mr. Shapotkin should be well-known to many of you from his longtime activities as a transit historian, author, and the many informative programs he has given over the years.
Today's sampling from the Shapotkin Collection includes some rare pictures of Chicago & North Western RDCs (Budd Rail Diesel Cars), which were self-propelled and ran in Chicago area commuter train service for a short period of time in the 1950s. They replaced steam-powered trains and were in turn replaced by the familiar push-pull diesel bi-levels still in use today.
In addition, there are several pictures of Grand Central Station, a Chicago landmark in use between 1890 and 1969, which was torn down in 1971. We have some interesting correspondence, plus some new images of our own.
PS- We have done our part to make these old images look as good as they possibly can. The C&NW RDC pictures were all shot around 1956 on early Ektachrome film, whose dyes turned out to be unstable and quickly shifted to red. (Technically, the red layer was relatively stable, while the green and blue layers faded.)
It used to be some people thought these sorts of images were only suitable for use as black-and-whites. But with modern technology, it is possible, to some extent, to bring back the original colors. This was easier to do on some than others, but the results look much better than you might expect. If you have ever seen one of these early red Ektachromes, you will know what I mean. Modern films are much more stable and resistant to dye fading.
I would be remiss without mentioning Bill has been involved for many years with the annual Hoosier Traction meet, which takes place in September:
It is that time of year again — the 35th annual gathering of the Hoosier Traction Meet is being held Fri-Sat, Sept 7-8 in Indianapolis, IN. The meet includes two full days of interesting presentations on a variety of subjects, as well as our "Exhibition Room" of vendors — with everything from transfers to track charts available. Book now and you can join us for just $25.00 ($40.00 at the door). We recommend that once you book hotel accommodations as early as possible, as there is an event scheduled at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway that same weekend. By calling the number of the Waterfront Inn (where our event is being held), by mentioning that you are with the Hoosier Traction Meet, you should be able to register at our group rate.
For those of you would are unable to attend both days, we have a special "Saturday Only" rate of just $15.00 ($25.00 at the door). As many of our Friday presentations are repeated on Saturday, you will be able to partake of a wide variety of subjects and presenters.
We hope you are able to join us for what many consider to be THE electric railway gathering in the country…see you there!
Thanking you in advance,
The Milwaukee Road's Elgin terminal in August 1970. Bill Shapotkin adds, "The MILW depot in Elgin was built 1948. It is the second depot constructed at the same site. View looks south from Chicago St."
Chicago & Milwaukee Electric 354, built in 1928 by the St. Louis Car Company, is seen at the Illinois Railway Museum in May 1977. It ran in Milwaukee and Waukegan as a North Shore Line city streetcar.
The Chessie Steam Special in Wellsboro, IN on June 17, 1978.
The Chessie Steam Special in Peru, IN on June 17, 1978.
Minneapolis & St. Louis "doodlebug" GE 29, was used as a railway post office (RPO). According to http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/, " Number GE-29 was built in 1931, body by Saint Louis Car Company (c/n 1550), the power plant was 400 horsepower EMC Winton Model 148 gasoline engine (c/n 491) coupled to GE electrical gear. I don't know who is responsible for the boxy structure on the roof but it's likely the cooling system for the prime mover. This unit went by the name 'Montgomery' (painted above the rear truck) and was repowered in August 1950 with a Caterpillar 400 horsepower Model D diesel."
CTA bus 4606 is at the Roosevelt/Monitor Loop in October 1992 (same one used by trackless trolleys a few years earlier). The view looks E-N/E (toward Monitor Avenue). I don't know much about the GM Fishbowl next to it, however.
A Milwaukee Road dome car near Union Station in Chicago.
Milwaukee Road equipment in downtown Chicago.
Pace buses in Elgin, June 2003.
A westbound NYC passenger train as it approaches LaSalle Street Station in November 1963. At right is the CRI&P's coach yard. The view looks south from the Roosevelt Road bridge. (John Szwajkart Photo)
Chicago, IL. NYC loco #7300 is seen as it passes the CRI&P coachyard. The view looks south from the Roosevelt Road bridge in November 1963. (John Szwajkart Photo)
Metra Milwaukee District loco 124 is pushing an eastbound train towards Union Station in Chicago. The view looks east from DesPlaines Street. August 1995. (Dan Munson Photo)
Loco 604 leads a northbound (timetable: westbound) Metra/Milwaukee District passenger train out of Union Station in Chicago. The view looks south-southwest off the Lake Street bridge over the south branch of the Chicago River. July 19, 1990. (Dan Munson Photo)
Control cab 3244 brings up the reat of a westbound Metra/Rock Island train at Joliet Union Station. The view looks west in December 1990. (Paul D. Schneider Photo)
Joliet, IL: Loco 163 is seen pushing an eastbound Metra/Rock Island suburban train across the ATSF/IC (ex-ICG, former GM&O, nee C&A) diamonds at Union Station. The view looks south in December 1990. (Paul D. Schneider Photo)
The imposing clock tower of Grand Central Station, in operation from 1890 to 1969. Located at the southwest corner of Wells and Harrison, it was demolished in 1971. This view looks northwest. (Ron Peisker Photo)
The Wells Street side of Grand Central Station in Chicago. The view looks north along Wells Street in the 1960s. (Ron Peisker Photo)
In the 1960s, and auto is parked on Wells Street in front of Grand Central Station. The view looks to the west-northwest across Wells Street. (Ron Peisker Photo)
Looking west from the clock tower at Grand Central Station in the 1960s. Through these windows are various railroad offices. The building at left in the background is the CGW freight house. (Ron Peisker Photo)
Grand Central Station, Chicago is viewed from the west side of Franklin Street from a point north of Harrison Street. The view looks southwest. (Ron Peisker Photo)
Looking north on Holden Court in March 2000, under the South Side "L", we are looking north under the St. Charles Air Line bridge. (William Shapotkin Photo)
A westbound B&O freight train prepares to cross the IHB at the Illinois/Indiana state line. The view looks east in September 1959. (John Szwajkart Photo)
This is 91st St Tower in November 1949 — protecting the PRR/ROCK Xing on the ROCK's Suburban (now Beverly) Branch. The tracks heading off to the upper right are the ROCK. Tracks heading off to the upper left are the PRR.
This billboard, advertising SouthShore Freight, is located west of Indianapolis Boulevard north of the Indiana Toll Road in East Chicago, IN. The view looks west. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
C&NW cab-coach 152 in Chicago, north of the Clinton Street Tower on August 2, 1978.
An eastbound C&NW train is passing under the CGW bridge on July 9, 1968. Bill Shapotkin adds, "This photo was taken in Lombard east of Grace St. Today, a Great Western Trail x/o over the UP (C&NW) at the same location. View looks west."
C&NW cab car 254 at Davis Street in Evanston on July 18, 1976.
C&NW GP7 is at an unknown location, on a morning train running between Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin in March 1954. Bill Shapotkin: "This location is West Allis, WI just west of Belden Tower (the freight line to Butler is in background). View looks N/E."
C&NW KO Tower in Lake Bluff, IL on May 5, 1977.
C&NW 1653 at Kenmore station, Chicago.
The C&NW commuter stop in Zion, July 30, 1966.
C&NW RDC cars in Park Ridge, IL.
C&NW RDC cars southbound departing Kenmore station (Granville Avenue) in Chicago.
C&NW 1531 in Kenmore station, Chicago in May 1956.
C&NW RDC cars, southbound at Kenmore station, Chicago, 1956.
C&NW RDC cars in Waukegan, IL.
C&NW RDC car 9933 just north of Thome Avenue in August 1956.
Chicago Surface Lines 6213. Tony Waller adds, "The photo of the red streetcar on route 95 captioned as being at 93rd and Anthony Ave. is actually at 93rd and Exchange Ave. The streetcar line westbound turned from Exchange onto 93rd. Anthony Ave. parallels the PRR/NYC viaducts (and now the Skyway bridge alignment) that is in the near distance; crossing the streetcar line at a perpendicular angle."
CTA 6213 at 95th and State in 1949.
CSL 6212 on Route 93 near Blackstone, west of Stony Island on August 13, 1947.
Here, we are looking north (from 31st Street) under the South Side "L" mainline. Note supports at left – that portion of the structure dates back to 1892. The pillars and structure at right was added when a third main (express) track was added. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
A southbound Englewood train approaches 31st Street on the South Side "L" main line. The view looks north from 31st Street. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
A southbound CTA Englewood train has just crossed over 31st Street on the South Side "L" main line. The view looks south across 31st. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
A southbound CTA Jackson Park train makes its stop at the 35th Street "L" station. The view looks north. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
A westbound Metra train in Blue Island on June 26, 1992. (R. Bullermann Photo)
Metra loco #104 is seen heading a westbound Metra/Milwaukee District suburban train out from Union Station in August 1995. The view looks east from DesPlaines Street. (Dan Munson Photo)
A 7900-series CTA bus, working a westbound trip on Route 31 – 31st, is westbound in 31st Street approaching the South Side "L" main line. The view looks east. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
CTA bus 1158, working an eastbound trip on Route 103 – West 103rd, is eastbound in 103rd Street, approaching the Metra Rock Island tracks at Hale Avenue. The view looks west. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
CTA bus 1158, working an eastbound trip on Route 103 – West 103rd, is eastbound in 103rd Street, makes a stop before crossing over the Metra Rock Island tracks at Hale Avenue. The view looks west. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
CTA bus 1158, working an eastbound trip on Route 103 – West 103rd, is eastbound in 103rd Street, crossing over the Metra Rock Island tracks at Hale Avenue. The view looks west. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
CTA bus 1158, working an eastbound trip on Route 103 – West 103rd, is eastbound in 103rd Street, having just crossed over the Metra Rock Island tracks at Hale Avenue. The view looks east. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
CTA bus 1094, working a westbound trip on Route 103 – West 103rd, is westbound in 103rd Street at Hale Avenue and the Metra Rock Island tracks. View looks northeast. June 28, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
CTA bus 1094, working a westbound trip on Route 103 – West 103rd, is westbound in 103rd Street, having just crossed over Hale Avenue and Metra Rock Island tracks. The view looks northwest. June 8, 2018. (William Shapotkin Photo)
My Metra title slide… nice, eh? December 1990. (Paul D. Schneider Photo)
A close-up of Metra 126 and its brethren in December 1990. (Paul D. Schneider Photo)
Recent Site Additions
This picture was added to our recent post The Magic of Jack Bejna (August 4, 2018):
Chicago Streetcar Tracks Exposed
Exposed streetcar tracks are a rare sight in Chicago nowadays. We recently took some pictures of some on Western Avenue under a viaduct just north of 18th Street, in the northbound lane.
While we were in the neighborhood, we took this picture of an inbound CTA Orange Line train on Archer:
CTA 2029-2030 on the turnaround loop at the DesPlaines Avenue terminal in October 1964. We are looking west. Here, you can see the close proximity of the Chicago Great Western tracks to the right. These have since been removed, and the area turned into a bike path connecting with the Illinois Prairie Path at First Avenue in Maywood.
On July 12, 1955 we see Pittsburgh Railways car 4398 at the Drake Loop. It is signed for the Washington interurban, which continued for several miles from here until interurban service was cut back a few years before this picture was taken. Don's Rail Photos adds, "4398 was built by St. Louis Car Co. in 1916." This car was retired in 1956 and has been at the Pennsylvania Trolley Museum in (fittingly) Washington, PA ever since. Service to the Drake Loop ended in 1999, when the last PCC streetcars were retired. In its last few years, it had operated as a shuttle. You can read more about the final days of the Drake Loop here. (C. Foreman Photo)
We recently acquired this World War II-era brochure promoting the Chicago Aurora & Elgin interurban's services as a way to get around in spite of wartime gasoline rationing and tire shortages:
Here is an article about the new Chicago Subway, from the May 1943 issue of Trains magazine. (For information about our new book Building Chicago's Subways, see the end of this post).
Mark Batterson writes:
We recently purchased the Navy Yard Car Barn, built in 1891 by the Washington and Georgetown Railroad Company. It was one of four streetcar barns in DC. We'd like to celebrate the history of streetcars in our buildout of the space. I know you've got some amazing images in your collection. Is there a way to purchase some of those? We're also trying to purchase an old DC streetcar. Thought I'd ask if you know where we might be able to find one?
Thanks so much for your time and consideration.
FYI, there is a web page that lists the current whereabouts (as of 2014) of all surviving DC trolley cars:
http://www.bera.org/cgi-bin/pnaerc-query.pl?sel_allown=DC+Transit&match_target=&Tech=Yes&pagelen=200
After the DC system quit in 1963, some PCC cars were shipped overseas and others were heavily modified for use in the Tandy Subway operation, which no longer exists. The bulk of remaining equipment is in museums.
Unfortunately, there were a few DC streetcars that were preserved at first, but were later destroyed. These include the Silver Sightseer PCC and pre-PCC car 1053.
We can offer prints from some of the images on this site, but not others… only the ones we own the rights to. We specialize in the Chicago area, and as a result, do not have that many DC images. But perhaps some of our readers can point you in the right direction for those. (If anyone reads this and can help, write to me and I can put you in touch with Mr. Batterson.
Chicago Rapid Transit Company Door Controls
A picture appeared in our last post The Magic of Jack Bejna that has stirred up some correspondence:
Recently, Jim Huffman commented:
Photo #365? 3-car train of CTA 4000s standing at the 38th St station. I differ with your explanation of the conductors door work.
1. When the CTA took over they made all the doors on the 4000s one-man operated, allowing for trains with odd number of cars . Thus, 8-cars, 4-cars, 3-cars, 1-car= only 1-conductor per train.
2. Way prior to that, the CRT used a conductor between each two cars, doing the doors as you described. 8-cars=8-conductors, etc.
3. But later, prior to the CTA, the CRT re-wired (air?) the 4000s so that a conductor between every two cars could operate all the doors on two cars. 8-cars=4-conductors etc.
4. On multi conductor trains, there was only one signal used and that was by the front conductor, not by the other conductors. Nor were there differing sounds or number of bells or buzzers! The front conductor monitored the rear conductors doors, when all were closed, then he would signal the Motorman. There usually was not much of any delay, the reason for less men was to lower labor costs, not to speed up the train.
This is from my memory & further info from conductors back then.
You are referring to the explanation of how door controls worked on the 4000s, given by one of our readers (M. E.) in the caption for the photo called proofs365.jpg.
We had previously reproduced a CTA training brochure dated March 1950 in our post Reader Showcase, 12-11-17. By this time, the 4000s had been retrofitted into semi-permanent married pairs, so a three-car train, as shown in the June 1949 picture, no longer would have been possible.
The 1950 training brochure does mention using a buzzer to notify the next train man in one direction.
This is how Graham Garfield's excellent web site describes the retrofit:
After the CTA ordered the first set of 6000s (6001-6200), they set about retrofitting the 4000s to make them operate more safely, economically and basically more like the forthcoming 6000s. By the time the 6000s started rolling in, the changes had been pretty much completed. In this overhaul, the 4000s were given multiple unit door control, standardized to use battery voltage for control, the trolley feed on Evanston cars was tied together so only one pole per pair was needed, and they were paired up into "semi-permanently coupled pairs" (as opposed to the "married-pairs" of the 6000s), usually in consecutive numerical order. Additionally, the destination signs (which were all still hand-operated) were changed to display either the route names (i.e. "Ravenswood" or "Lake A") or both terminals (i.e. "Howard – Jackson Park B") so they wouldn't have to be changed for the reverse trip. The number of signs per car was reduced from four to two, not counting the destination board on the front. All this allowed a two-man crew to staff a train of any length.
This does not of course explain door operation prior to 1950, and I promised to do further research, by contacting Andre Kristopans.
PS- in addition to this, in a previous comment on this post, Andre Kristopans wrote, "On CRT the conductor was the man between the first and second cars. The rest were Guards. Motorman and conductor worked together all day but guards were assigned according to train length that trip."
So, I asked Andre to explain. Here's what he wrote:
Wood cars very simple – man between each two cars as doors were completely local control. End doors of train were not used. Steel cars more complicated. Originally same as woods – man between each two cars. Remember steels and woods were mixed. In 1940's changed so man could control doors at both ends of cars on either side of him, so conductor between 1and 2, guards between 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8 only. Then in 1950's full trainlined doors. Initially one conductor for 2 or 4 car trains, working between last 2 cars, on 6 or 8 car trains conductor between cars 3 and 4, guard between last two. Guard eliminated late 50's, conductor in sane (same?) position now controls all doors.
Thanks for the info. On the woods and early 4000s, how did the guards and conductor signal each other?
They had signal bells. First rear guard pulled the cord that rang the gong at forward end of that car. Then that guard pulled the rope by his position to signal the next guard up. When the conductor got the signal and pulled his rope, the gong by the motorman rang and he released and started up.
Yes the 4000's evolved. Originally basically operationally identical to woods. Circa 1943 before subway, converted from line voltage control to battery control. Now they were no longer able to train with woods. Around same time changed to door control at each end controlling doors at both ends. In 1950's full mudc, paired with permanent headlights and permanent markers (over a period of a decade or so!). Shore Line's Baldies book shows how this happened over time if you compare photos. Large door controls early for single door control, small door controls for entire car control, then no door controls on paired sets.
This is something that has not been looked into much, but a 1970's 4000 was VERY different from a 1930's 4000!
Our thanks to Andre and everyone else who contributed to this post. Keep those cards and letters coming in, folks!
An Easter Parade of Traction
April 16, 2017 August 23, 2020 David Sadowski 10 Comments
The throngs of people in this June 1926 photograph were attending the Catholic Church's 28th International Eucharistic Congress in Mundelein. Note the variety of rail cars being used to move the masses. After the Congress ended, ridership on the North Shore Line's Mundelein-Libertyville branch was sparse enough that service was provided by a single city streetcar.
As this is Easter weekend, here is a veritable "Easter Parade" of Illinois traction pictures for your enjoyment. No matter what your religious preference may be, we hope that you will not pass over them.
CTA 1767, signed for Route 58 – Ogden, is actually heading east on Randolph at Green Street in this early 1950s view.
Randolph and Green Streets today.
CSL 5644 is on Lincoln Avenue and signed to go to both Riverview Park and Harrison and State. 5644 was known as a Brill-American-Kuhlman car. Don's Rail Photos says, "5622 thru 5650 were built by Brill in 1909, #16952, for Southern Street Ry which was a subsidiary." (Southern Street Railway was one of the underlying companies that formed CSL.) Jim Huffman adds, "Probably a Riverview-Larrabee or aka Lincoln-Riverview car. Route Western & Roscoe crossover (later a loop west side of Western), EB to Damen, SB to Belmont, EB to Lincoln, SB to Larrabee thence into Downtown. Ended Sept 1947. A shuttle bus service on Roscoe to the Lincoln Ravenswood station remained for many years. Clybourn was another route that also at times that loop on Western, Clybourn's actual crossover was at Western, but tracks continued north onto Western with switches into that loop. Western NB short turn cars also used that loop. At times there were cars from three routes in that loop. There were not that many turn-around loops with that many routes." (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 7005, still looking shiny, at the Madison-Austin loop. I would date this picture to circa 1937 as the paint has not yet dulled on the car.
The same buildings are across the street from the east side of the Madison-Austin loop even today. But the flow of vehicles through the loop has been reversed, compared to how it was in streetcar days.
CTA Pullman 691 at Belmont and Central in November 1948. (Jack Gervais Photo)
CSL 6200 on the Windsor Park line. This was a Multiple-Unit car. Don's Rail Photos adds, "6200 was built by CSL in 1924. It was rebuilt as one man service in 1932." Andre Kristopans adds, "One funny thing about this location, when the CTA started the automated stop announcements on the buses, the southbound stop, which is where the B&O crossing was a bit south of 83rd Place, is announced as "Commercial Avenue at Railroad crossing", even though the tracks have been gone since the 1970's sometime!" (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
Here, CSL 2811 is outbound on the Riverdale line private right-of-way, headed for Michigan and 119th. (Joe L. Diaz Photo)
CSL 6238 on the 67-69-71 line. This was known as a Multiple-Unit car. Don's Rail Photos adds, "6238 was built by Lightweight Noiseless Streetcar Co in 1924. It was rebuilt (for) one man service in 1932."
CTA Marmon trolley buses 9586 and 9594 at the North Avenue garage.
CTA Marmon trolley bus on North Avenue.
CTA trolley bus 9462 at the Cicero and Montrose loop. The McDonald's at rear says 9 billion hamburgers have been sold, which would help date this photo to perhaps the mid-1960s. I believe this was the first McDonald's in the City of Chicago.
CTA trolley bus 9631 is westbound on Belmont at Cicero circa 1970.
9462 at the Cicero and Montrose loop.
Illinois Central electric suburban cars 1125 and 1226 in downtown Chicago on July 17, 1965.
Don's Rail Photos says: "415 was built by St Louis Car Co in 1924, #1324, as CO&P (Chicago, Ottawa & Peoria) 64. It became C&IV (Chicago & Illinois Valley) 64 in 1929. It was rebuilt as IT (Illinois Terminal) 415 on September 16, 1934. and sold to Illinois Electric Railway Museum on October 19, 1956."
Chicago and Joliet Electric car 242, known as the "Ottawa," after the 1934 abandonment.
As Loop ridership increased, platforms were extended to create more room to berth trains. Eventually, some stations on the Van Buren and Wells legs of the Loop had continuous platforms connecting them—which may have inspired continuous platforms in Chicago's two first subways. Here, Randolph and Wells is being extended in the early 1920s to connect with Madison and Wells. We are looking north.
Here, we are looking north on Wabash at Van Buren, near Tower 12, circa the 1940s.
This is the old State and Van Buren station on the Loop "L", looking east towards Tower 12. This station was closed in 1972 and demolished. It has since been replaced, due to its proximity to the Harold Washington Library.
A snowy scene at Wabash and Lake, site of the tightest curve on the "L".
CTA gate car 1050 at Howard on the Evanston shuttle.
We originally ran another version of this photo in our post Chicago Rapid Transit Photos, Part Five (Spetember 26, 2016), where it was identified as Noyes Street in Evanston looking south. This version of the photo has less cropping and is dated August 10, 1928. Work is underway on elevating this portion of the Evanston "L".
This is an inspection train at the Lake Street Transfer "L" station, which provided connections between the Lake Street "L", on the lower level, and the Metropolitan above. The higher level station was closed in February 1951, when the Dearborn-Milwaukee subway opened.
CRT 1715 at Marion Street in Oak Park on the ground-level portion of the Lake Street "L". It is signed as a local and is about to head east. This car was originally built by St. Louis Car Conpany in 1903 for the Northwestern Elevated Railway as car 715 and was renumbered to 1715 in 1913.
CTA 1780 heads up an "A" train at Marion Street in Oak Park. The ground-level portion of the Lake Street "L" was relocated onto the nearby C&NW embankment in 1962. This picture was probably taken between 1948 and 1955.
A CRT gate car on the Stock Yards branch of the "L".
This picture, taken on May 21, 1934, shows how the CRT Stock Yards "L" branch was extensively damaged by fire two days earlier. Service west of Halsted did not resume until January 16, 1935.
The single-track Stock Yards loop.
CRT 4318 at one of the ground-level stations on the west end of the Garfield Park line, headed for Westchester. The fencing at left may be related to construction work on the Congress Expressway, which resulted in this line being relocated.
CA&E 46 on the west end of a six-car train at Laramie Yards.
CA&E 424 loops at DesPlaines Avenue circa 1953-57, with a Chicago Great Western freight train in the background. We are looking north.
The CA&E off-street terminal at Aurora. There is a sign indicating this is the new terminal, opening on December 31st (1939). Since there are trains in the station,I would date this picture to circa 1940. Previously, trains ran on city streets in downtown Aurora.
This view of the CA&E Aurora terminal is from the early 1950s.
The CA&E Wheaton station in the early 1950s.
A view of the CA&E Wheaton Yards.
This picture shows CA&E car 425 at Glen Oak on a Central Electric Railfans' Association fantrip. The date was September 2, 1940.
CA&E wood car 318, at right, is making a photo stop at Clintonville on the Elgin branch, during an early Central Electric Railfans' Association fantrip. Presumably the 415 at left is a regular service car.
A close-up of the previous picture.
Not-So-Recent Correspondence
We recently acquired a letter and some photographs that were sent by the late William E. Robertson (1920-2003) of Wilmette, Illinois to George (Krambles?):
Here are a few photographs taken on the North Shore Line some years ago, hope they will be of general interest. Regret delay in posting them to you, after your promptness in (sending) Fort Dodge photos to me!
In two weeks I am taking a big eastern trip through Canada and New England where I hope to get many electric railway pictures. Will not be home until the opening of November, but still look for(ward to) your visit here. No other news for now.
Sincerely, Bill
Bill Robertson was part of the "Greatest Generation" of early railfans. The letter does not say whether Mr. Robertson took these photos, but that's a good inference.
Among other things, Bill Robertson was an inventor, and had a few patents in his name, including one for a "High-Speed Transportation System." This must have had some utility, as it has been cited by several other later patents.
Chances are, Bill Robertson took all six pictures. The captions shown are his:
#1 Sweeper on Greenleaf Avenue in Wilmette, Ill., Shore Line Route. Jan/31/1940.
#2 Waukegan city car barn, North Chicago, Ill. This car long since scrapped, photo taken in September 1939.
#3 Shore Line train, Greenleaf Avenue, Wilmette, Ill. Taken about 1944. Southbound.
#4 North Chicago barns, Birney car that later went to Milwaukee, Wis. Scrapped in 1947. Photo taken in September 1939. Car sh


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More than 1,000 jobs at risk as Poundworld announces move to shut 80 more stores across UK
80 more stores will shut
Isaac AsheContent Editor
Tom PegdenBusiness Editor
More than 100 Poundworld stores across the country now face closure.
Administrator Deloitte has today announced the closure of 80 more stores, resulting in 1,024 job losses.
The closures are in addition to the 25 store closures announced on July 10, which resulted in 242 redundancies.
No details have yet been released over which of the 80 latest outlets face the axe.
It was announced earlier this week that the Loughborough store was shutting .
The budget retailer also has stores in Leicester's Haymarket shopping centre and at St George's Retail Park, as well as in Hinckley's Britannia Shopping Centre.
Nestlé products no longer sold at Twycross Zoo - here's why
The administrator said the latest closures will not impact the potential sale of the remaining business, and that discussions with interested parties were ongoing.
Joint administrator Clare Boardman said: "Whilst we remain hopeful that a sale for part, or parts, of the business can still happen, it has not been possible to sell the business as a whole.
"We would like to thank all the employees for their continued support and commitment during this difficult time.
"We are keeping staff appraised of developments as they happen."
Deliveroo has expanded with more than 20 new takeaways added in Leicester
Chris Edwards started Poundworld on a Wakefield market stall in 1974 and built it into a high street brand, with more than 300 stores across the UK, selling a vast range of products that were all priced at a pound.
US private equity firm TPG acquired a majority stake in the business in 2015, but the company called in administrators, Deloitte, in June.
The move placed 5,100 jobs at risk.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Rick goes off the grid, in search of answers to a personal question. Glenn takes a leadership role on the fate of those at the prison. The Governor plans his retaliation. Daryl and Merle fall into old habits and question their bond.


text:
Q: Comments for multiple objects I have 2 objects (articles, products) for which I will have comments. How can I store comments for both objects?
What is a better solution: create an object for each new table (article_comments, product_comments) or store comments in one table and create a new table for each object contains a link between the object table and comments table?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Essay The Importance of Learning English. Uploaded by. There are some reasons why we need to learn English. Some of them are: to communicate internationally, to learn science and technology, and to get job.
The first reason is English to communicate internationally. Certainly, everyone who wants to go abroad should know and master English. Why should I study English? Nowdays, English is very important to learn. Its now recognized as a universal language. So this is the reason why I should learn it. If in the future, I should be working abroad, such as in Great Britain or the United States, I will be able to use this language as a communication tool.
Most of the student thinks English is a wasteful and boring subject, so they study English recklessly. They are many reasons why you should study English. First of all, studying English will help you a lot when you further studies. 5 MustDos For Outstanding Essay Writing. By The Study Gurus on February 21, 2011 47 Comments.
Share 10. Pin 3. Because we want your teen to master essay writing as much as they can during their time at high school, may not understand how to apply what they have learnt in class to the essay format, or how to structure an essay, or Descriptive essays writing guide; You should always practice in writing essays; Home; Dear students, feel free to use these free essay writing guide to produce better academic papers.
Our team of freelance writers and editors works hard to create easytofollow, uptodate and professional guidelines to help you succeed in academia. Nov 01, 2013 Here is an article on essay format. Correct essay format is a piece of cake if you read this article. Find out what an English essay is and how to write it correctly. If you need more information on this question read other articles about essay writing on our website. We also do not make use of essay banks and prewritten essays Her parents would just shrug and say, 'We disagree.
' Argumentative Essay: Definition, Format& Examples Related Macbeth by William Shakespeare Study Guide; TExES English Language Arts and Know how to properly research for an argumentative essay Learn the proper format for this type of essay Just a few seconds while we find the right plan for you 650 English Language Learner Why we Should Study History Purpose: Students often do not see the necessity of studying history.
By doing research on the thoughts of those who do believe history is important it is hoped students acquire a new perspective on the discipline.
Instructions: Students are to write a 4 5 paragraph essay on the theme Continue reading" Why we Should Study Sep 03, 2018 How to Write an English Essay. When taking English courses in high school and college, you'll likely be assigned to write essays. MLA style is the most common citation format used in English courses, so you will need to know how to use it.


Hi, thanks for your info, I thought it was located there but I just wanted to be sure.
oh and Nick the brochure says they have hair dryers. Also worth mentioning to you that they bathrooms have a small bath with the shower over, however there are no plugs, the rep advised us if we come to stay there the we take a plug is we like a bath. How silly is that. Hope my directions are ok.
CAN ANY1 HELP - I cannot get hold of the Ionian blue apartments, I have been calling and emailing constantly for past few months but knowone ever answers???
Has Anyone got any contacts?
I know Kalamaki VERY well and I am driving from the airport but i just cant place it? Can anyone help.
& do the rooms have hairdryers?
ALSO.....with regards to Summer 2010 - I'm sure there will be a charge for Air-con and safety deposit boxes but most of the contracts havent been finalised so you will probably have to wait until the next edition brochure is out to find our OR you can email the hotel BUT dont expect a reply as I have been trying to email them for the past few months!
Have booked to stay at the Ionian Blue in 2010 really looking forward to it.
is included. If its not can one of you let me know how much each will cost me. Thanks.
Only one word to describe everything about Ionion Blue - STUNNING.
Just returned fromtwo weeks at the Ionian. You will not be disappointed. The apartments, grounds, bar and pool are beautiful. The location was for us perfect, a short stroll in each direction took you to beach in 12 mins, crazy golf in 3 mins, main strip in 5 mins and Laguanas 40 mins along beach. The rooms were cleaned regularly by the hardworking Poppy , our towels were changed 3 times each week and linen twice a week. The owners Dennis and Maria were not always around they seemed to be running the complex behind as well so the ionian seemed a little understaffed at times. The reception was unmanned all the time apart from flight days. Georgina in the bar had to cope alone manning the bar, food and reception (which is in a different building) at times . After a few days you get used to the slower pace of life and accept that you are not going to get served immediately. I would definitly stay here again on my return to Kalamaki. you do have to get up early to put out your towel out for the pool but it is worth it as it is a nice relaxing pool (most of the time). If I had to moan about anything it would be the utensils in the apartments, only one set of everything for each person and no sharp knife. My son broke a glass and it never got replaced, but so what he drank out of a cup and I had to scrape the cheese and muller the tomato the one day I made sandwiches, it so cheap to eat out it will not affect you. Even if you was on a budget you can feed the kids for a euro next door to the Rose and Crown. We bought some Rice Krispies for the room as we got tired of eating all the time. The resturants are fantastic - try them all.
we stayed here for 2 weeks in May/June and enjoyed it. the staff were very freindly and the rooms were good. The maid was in once every 2 days at least and Georgina is a very hard worker!
I liked it here except for a couple of things. Well, on the 2nd day of our 2 week holiday i asked the staff if they could fix our light on the balcony and they said that it will be done in the evening. in the evening it wasnt done so i asked again another day and they said they dont know when it will be done and by the end of the holiday it still wasnt fixed .
overall it is good accomodation and great staff.
Ionian Blue is a Thomson Hotel / Appartment, if you go onto Thomson Holidays web site 13/12/06 they do not appear to fly to Greece anymore! Thomson and thier parent company are announcing job lossess in excess of 4000 mostly in the UK.
I do not know how this will affect holidays to Thomson sites in Greece but beware remember Farepack they may try to still book holidays with deposits and then collapse with no holiday and no money. If you do book then use a credit card and at least your money will be safe if not your holiday.
I still want to go to this apartment in Zante as it was the best accomodation we've come across in 13 years so if I get any further information I will post it on this site.
We have just returned from Ionian Blue, it was fantastic, great location. Clean well maintained and just fantastic. We have been visiting Zante for the past 17 years and this is the best place we have ever stayed in. Well done to all the staff.
Super hotel, our room was great, very clean. The pool and bar area was really nice. Georgia works like a horse and always has a smile on her face.the bar food was especially good and very good value compared to others we have used.


Online registration is open now. Be sure to book soon if you see a class you might want to take with me (or anyone else, but you should still take a class with me!).
The quilt show will be on Saturday, July 11, and I'll have a few special quilts featured there, too.
Have you ever taken a quilting vacation? Where to or which quilting event would you like to attend one day? Tell us all about it in the comments.
I think you need helper...just saying!
I'm taking stereo and night sky...you teach a great class. I've take your class at quilters affair 2 years in a row. Can't wait. I have some great fabric for stereo.
Our quilt guild, EverGreen Quilters of Bellingham, WA, had a workshop featuring your Sidekick Ruler and your Night Sky pattern. We had a lot of fun. Lots of variety in fabric choices, prints, solids, and a combination of the two. All were successful and very impressed with how our points were perfect using your ruler!
Hello...I had to laugh when I read the first comment! That was my thought too! Great minds..... I LoVe the patterns and fabric in the quilts you have made. Just gorgeous!
I would love to make the one with the stars and black background. Actually they all look so nice. I have never travelled and taken a class too.....sounds like fun though.
a " teacher friend of mine " into teaching a class using your ruler. You are very photographic. I love your enthusiasm ! Have. Wonderful day!
Rock Candy is a gorgeous pattern and the quilting on it is just Gorgeous! Hugs Marg.
I love your Stereo quilt! The colors are so much fun and the pattern is SO simple. It's just perfect!
I love all of your students blocks and especially your quilt!
I would love to go to Sister's Quilt Show one year. I've been to Houston once but this one is on my list. My friends and I have been doing a quilt retreat for one week at the beach every Spring for seven years now I believe. I've also been to the North Carolina quilt retreat. I would love to do the quilt you have panned this year but there's no way I can do it this year. One day I'll be retired and can go more often. I'm on the other coast so it's a fair distance for me.
Just tracked down and bought your Rock Candy pattern. Now, I am waiting to see what arrives first~your rulers or your pattern. Trying very hard to be patient.


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Hallmark Cards asks Marshall, Hawley to return donations
In this image from video, Sen. Roger Marshall, R-Kan., speaks as the Senate reconvenes after protesters stormed into the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday, Jan. 6, 2021. (Senate Television via AP)
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) — Hallmark Cards is asking U.S. Sens. Josh Hawley of Missouri and Roger Marshall of Kansas to return donations that company employees made to their campaigns.
The Kansas City-based greeting card manufacturer made the request Monday after the two senators opposed certifying Joe Biden's presidential win, even after a mob broke into the U.S. Capitol.
Gallery: A day of insurrection at U.S. Capitol
The company says employees donated to political candidates at all levels through its PAC.
In the last two years, the PAC donated $7,000 to Hawley and $5,000 to Marshall. A company spokeswoman says the actions of Hawley and Marshall don't reflect Hallmark's values.


Brussels, Belgium, 27 April 2016 – Antimicrobial resistance, flu, liver disease, rheumatic disease, medicines safety and data quality are the focus of the latest Call for proposals launched by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI). The Call has a total budget of close on €60 million for applicants; this is matched by EFPIA companies, which pay for their own contribution to these ground-breaking projects.
Antimicrobial resistance – Infection with Clostridium difficile bacteria causes diarrhoea and abdominal pain and can prove fatal. In Europe alone, some 172 000 people, many of them elderly, are infected every year. The goal of this topic is to improve our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical impact of C. difficile infection and to create an EU-wide research platform that will make it easier to test new ways of preventing and treating it. The resulting project will form part of IMI's wider antimicrobial resistance programme 'New Drugs for Bad Bugs'.
New treatments for rheumatic disease – Recent years have seen the development of many new treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the majority of patients still struggle to keep their condition under control and many experience unpleasant and sometimes serious side effects of their treatment. This topic aims to deliver tools and knowledge that would pave the way for the development of personalised 'immune tolerance' treatments capable of stopping RA in its tracks.
Data quality – Poor quality data is an issue in many research fields. In medical research, consequences include poor decision-making resulting in higher failure rates and longer drug development times. This topic aims to boost data quality in medical research by identifying factors that affect data quality, identifying best practices and creating an educational platform, among other things. It will focus initially on the fields of neuroscience and preclinical medicines safety.
Medicines safety – Assessing the safety of potential medicines remains immensely challenging. One major issue is understanding how well toxicity in animal tests predicts toxicity in humans. This topic will create a vast database with safety information from animal and human studies on large numbers of potential drugs. This will facilitate extensive research in this important area and the development of new, computer-based tools to test drug toxicity, something which could reduce the use of animals in research and improve clinical trial success rates.
Liver disease – Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when fat builds up in the liver. In some people, NAFLD turns into a more serious condition called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), raising the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. NAFLD is quite common, affecting some 30% of the population, and a challenge for doctors is identifying which NAFLD patients will go on to develop NASH and, for those with NASH, predicting how fast the disease will progress. This topic aims to deliver simple biological markers (e.g. from blood tests or imaging) that could be used to diagnose NASH and predict which patients will rapidly develop more serious liver disease.
Flu vaccines – Flu is a leading cause of hospitalisation and death due to infectious diseases in the developed world. Vaccination is recognised as an effective tool to counter the disease. However, the flu virus is constantly evolving, meaning that new vaccines are needed on an annual basis to ensure those vaccinated are protected from infection. This topic will deliver a governance model and platform for carrying out detailed studies of flu vaccine effectiveness sin Europe, as well as associated communication tools.


Owner and Managing Director Ricky Ng, Blue Lotus Chinese Eating House has been synonymous with one of the island's best chilli crab dishes and innovative modern Chinese menus around town. To push the boundaries further, he runs two other dining concepts – Blue Lotus Chinese Grill House ( new age Chinese cuisine) and Blue Lotus Kitchen + Bar (western dining). The Blue Lotus Experience is set to attract customers of all age because their food is authentic, innovative and good.
If you ever visit Blue Lotus Chinese Eating House at Quayside Isle, no trip would be complete without trying their Signature Chilli Pomelo Crab. With a magical concoction of herbs and spices, the sweet and savoury gravy is "out of the world". It literally showcases the best of the iconic local seafood.
Another popular item will be their Lemongrass Prawn Sticks – homey, savoury Thai-influence dish with citrus spicy dressing. The casual dining restaurant also features a delectable menu of noodles, roast meats and Asian delights. And, you get to dine with a stunning marina view!
Blue Lotus Chinese Grill House is able to shape our experience of Chinese food in a myriad ways. It alters the perception of boring Chinese cuisine while it stays relevant. Like their Kurobuta Pork Ribs, our brains might already make a prediction "They are just ribs…". But, the taste turned out to be a lot more amazing than expected.
Bringing Chinese culinary experience further, you must try their Barramundi Fish Paste Pasta Noodles in Hot & Sour Clear Consumme. It will bring you on a sophisticated yet gastronomic spin!
A vibrant restaurant primely located on Alexandra Road near Hort Park, Blue Lotus Kitchen + Bar offers delectable International & Asian Delights favourites from Salad and pizzas to pastas, risotto and succulent meat dishes. I just love the texture of the Tiger Prawns Red Risotto – flawless, enchanting with vibrant flavours.
The Blue Lotus Experience brings a beautiful and sensual dining experience. It does modify and provide a whole new dining experience.


nature and character of our Father in heaven. When we place the correct value on people (the way the Father sees them) and money (the way we should direct it coming and going from our hands for the body of Christ), we walk effectively in the Truth.
Honor in these verses means to value or (highly) esteem. We are to prefer one another, giving more honor to those in the body of Christ that seem less honorable, our spouses and Christ Himself. As God has a biblical history of speaking to us about where we're going and not where we're at, we can be patient and look at the 'big picture' and foresee the unsaved saved, the ignorant preacher of God growing, the light going on in the spouse that just doesn't 'get it' yet, and judging God faithful like Sarah (Heb 11:11).
God plants seed and knows what the harvest will be like. We are at our best when we come in the agreement and intercession that we are called to do. God will not do anything without using his servants that honor the body. When there is no schism in the body, it will be rapture ready.
Honor here is majesty and glory. In Rev 19:1 we see the people in heaven gave aiqara to the Lord our God, and in verse 7; when the bride of Christ has made herself ready, heaven will rejoice and give shuvka to Him. These people who are washed by the blood, can rightfully give Him glory in the unity we were all called to.
Remember in prayer for the unity of all who are in the body; great and small, especially your prayer partner you are one flesh with. When you see the full manifestation of your answered prayer, we will all join together in shuvka for our Lord and Savior.


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El Chapo's Extradition To US, And Subsequent Sentence Of Life In Prison, Is Warning To Cartels
"The judicial system in the United States is strong and works, and that sends a message. It's a weapon … and it changes the strategic calculus."
By Rhonda FanningFebruary 13, 2019 10:16 amCrime & Justice
United States Department of Homeland Security/Wikimedia Commons
Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán in U.S. custody after his extradition from Mexico in 2017.
After a monthslong trial, Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán was found guilty on all 10 charges, and sentenced to life in prison. So what does this conviction mean for the Sinaloa Cartel, which he used to lead, and how will it affect the rest of the illegal drug trade on either side of the U.S.-Mexico border?
Nathan Jones, assistant professor of security studies at Sam Houston State University's College of Criminal Justice, says although it won't stop the cartel from operating at a national level, Guzmán's conviction sends a message.
"I think it's an incredibly important thing that this was taken full to trial and full to conviction," Jones says. "The judicial system in the United States is strong and works, and that sends a message. It's a weapon, via extradition, that drug traffickers fear, and it changes the strategic calculus."
Jones says other high-level traffickers have been given reduced sentences in exchange for information, but "at some point, you have to stop and get a full conviction."
Mayo Zambada, who assumed leadership of the Sinaloa Cartel after Guzmán's capture during a raid by members of the Mexican and American military in 2016, remains at large. Jones says Guzmán's defense team tried to paint Zambada as the true leader of the cartel, but that didn't convince the jury of Guzmán's innocence.
Jones says information revealed during the trail may also have implications for the debate in Washington over the southern border wall.
"They weren't trying to get around the ports of entry; they were going directly through the ports of entry," Jones says.
He also says Guzmán and the Sinaloa Cartel used small fishing vessels and tunneling to avoid having to cross the border entirely.
"Chapo Guzmán was famous for his tunneling," Jones says. "And a wall's never going to stop that."
Written by Sol Chase.
Nine Months After The Santa Fe School Shooting, Lawmakers Want To 'Harden' Schools Without Changing Gun Laws
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How A Shoe Designer's Creative Form Of Protest Led To Her Fleeing Venezuela
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There Are Alternatives To Universal Student Loan Forgiveness
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Hermann's has been the place for live jazz and blues in Victoria for over 30 years.
Join us for dinner, dancing, and live local and international jazz and blues. Call 250.388.9166 to make a reservation today.


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Win a Three-Night Holiday at Club Marvy, Turkey
By Independent School Parent | Tue 18th Feb 2020
https://www.independentschoolparent.com/win/win-holiday-turkey/
Fancy an idyllic family break on the Aegean coastline? We've teamed up with Club Marvy to offer you the chance to win a three-night holiday in Turkey, worth over £1500
Club Marvy is offering one lucky reader a three-night family stay at the five-star hotel – a chic hideaway set in an idyllic private bay just 40 minutes from Izmir. This independently-owned, female-run hotel is changing the face of Turkish all-inclusive holidays with sleek, minimalist design, a manicured beach and rustic tavernas.
The ocean-facing hotel sits on the edge of the Aegean Sea, blending seamlessly into its surroundings. The resort is split into separate family-friendly and adult-only sections, with 339 rooms (and three penthouses) spread out across the sprawling resort.
During their stay, guests can expect to feel like a local with six à la carte dining options, including Turkish mezze and the recently opened Italian restaurant, which is headed up by Michelin-starred chef, Cristina Bowerman. At Buon Italiano, Cristina uses organic local ingredients, mainly sourced from Değirmen Farm, the first and only organic farm in the Izmir region. Cristina has created a menu of delicacies specific to Italy and the Aegean.
The on-site sailing club offers guests a chance to explore the magnificent Aegean Sea – with a variety of lessons from intensive courses to a fun family one. The club also offers a full D1 sailing licence, a highly regarded qualification created by the world sailing federation. There's also a creative and engaging kids club, a waterpark, babysitting services and concerts.
And the fun doesn't end there! Indulge at the beautiful spa offering a range of treatments and the traditional Turkish Hammam, swim in one of the four pools, visit the jewellery and textiles boutiques, find zen at the open-air pilates and yoga studio, or take a leisurely look around the hotel's art gallery.
To enter, simply answer the question below:
Terms and Conditions: The winner must be aged 18 years or over. The prize is non-transferrable and there is no cash alternative. The hotel stay will be subject to availability. The prize is valid for travel in May 2020 or from 15 September – 31 October 2020. The prize is a three-night stay for a family of four on an all-inclusive basis, including return airport transfers to and from Izmir airport.
COMPETITION: WIN an Afternoon Tea Cruise in London with City Cruises Worth £223!
Competition: WIN the Boarding School Skincare Bundle by Spots & Stripes worth £85!
COMPETITION: WIN One of Five National Geographic Ultimate Gemstone Dig Kits by Bandai UK!
Competition: WIN a Brigit's Bakery Afternoon Tea Bus Tour in London Worth £220!
Competition: WIN a Weekend Stay in Dorset