The average age of the Women's Amateur competitors is 19.5 years old.
The youngest player in the championship field is Lucy Li, 10, of Redwood Shores, Calif. At 10 years, 10 months and 4 days of age on the first day of the championship, Li is the youngest competitor in championship history.
The championship's oldest competitor is Liz Waynick, 53, of Scottsdale, Ariz., who is exempt into the championship. The oldest qualifier is Dawn Woodard, 38, of Greer, S.C.
The following countries are represented at the championship: Australia, Austria, Canada, the People's Republic of China, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Sweden, the United Kingdom (England, Ireland and Northern Ireland) and the United States of America.
There are 31 states represented at the championship: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin.
There are eight USGA champions in the field: Doris Chen, 20, of Chinese Taipei (2010 U.S. Girls' Junior); Lauren Diaz-Yi, 18, of Thousand Oaks, Calif. (2013 U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links); Kyung Kim, 19, of Chandler, Ariz. (2012 U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links); Minjee Lee, 17, of Australia (2012 U.S. Girls' Junior); Ellen Port, 51, of St. Louis, Mo. (1995, 1996, 2000, 2011 U.S. Women's Mid-Amateur; 2012 USGA Senior Women's Amateur); Meghan Stasi, 35, of Oakland Park, Fla. (2006, 2007, 2010, 2012 U.S. Women's Mid-Amateur); Gabriella Then, 17, of Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (2013 U.S. Girls' Junior); and Emily Tubert, 21, of Burbank, Calif. (2010 U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links).
There are nine USGA runners-up in the field: Lakareber Abe, 17, of Angleton, Texas (2013 U.S. Girls' Junior); Doris Chen (2013 U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links); Karen Chung, 18, of Livingston, N.J. (2008 U.S. Girls' Junior); Katelyn Dambaugh, 18, of Goose Creek, S.C. (2010 U.S. Girls' Junior); Jane Fitzgerald, 51, of Kensington, Md. (2012 USGA Senior Women's Amateur); Alison Lee, 18, of Valencia, Calif. (2012 U.S. Girls' Junior); Ellen Port (2002 U.S. Women's Mid-Amateur); Ashlan Ramsey, 17, of Milledgeville, Ga. (2012 U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links); and Liz Waynick (2012 U.S. Women's Mid-Amateur).
Nine Women's Amateur competitors competed in the 2013 U.S. Women's Open Championship at Sebonack Golf Club in Southampton N.Y.: low amateur Casie Cathrea, 17, of Livermore, Calif. (75-73-79-70—297, T25); Doris Chen (74-74-79-76—303; T50); Yueer Cindy Feng, 17, of Orlando, Fla. (72-77-79-76—304, T54); Mariel Galdiano, 15, of Pearl City, Hawaii (80-80—MC); Brooke Mackenzie Henderson, 15, of Canada (71-76-83-77—307, T59); Kyung Kim (71-82—MC); Annie Park, 18, of Levittown, N.Y. (79-75—MC); Gabriella Then (77-78—155); and Emily Tubert (74-78—MC). Cathrea's final-round 70 was tied for Sunday's low score and was one of only four sub-par rounds that day.
Emily Tubert is the only member of the 2012 USA Curtis Cup Team in the field. Meghan Stasi played on the 2008 USA Team. Additionally, Ellen Port represented the United States on the 1994 and 1996 Curtis Cup Teams and will serve as USA Team Captain at the 2014 Match at St. Louis (Mo.) Country Club.
There are two members of the 2012 Great Britain and Ireland Curtis Cup Team in the field: Leona Maguire, 18, of Ireland, and Stephanie Meadow, 21, of Northern Ireland. Additionally, Leona Maguire and Lisa Maguire, 18, of Ireland, played in the 2010 Match for GB&I.
Fourteen championship competitors are in the top 25 of the Women's World Amateur Golf Ranking as of Aug. 3: Su-Hyun Oh, 17, of Australia (No. 2); Minjee Lee (No. 4); Annie Park (No. 5); Stephanie Meadow (No. 9); Alison Lee (No. 10); Brooke Mackenzie Henderson (No. 11); Ally McDonald, 20, of Fulton, Miss. (No. 12); Nicole Morales, 17, of South Salem, N.Y. (No. 15); Erynne Lee, 20, of Silverdale, Wash. (No. 17); Kelly Shon, 21, of Port Washington, N.Y. (No. 18); Ashlan Ramsey (No. 19); Hayley Bettencourt, 18, of Australia (No. 20); Grace Lennon, 21, of Australia (No. 21); and Kyung Kim (No. 25).
Twelve championship competitors represented their home countries at the 2012 Women's World Amateur Team Championship: Bianca Maria Fabrizio, 18, of Italy; Brooke Mackenzie Henderson; Kotone Hori, 17, of Japan; Erynne Lee; Minjee Lee; Leona Maguire; Yumi Matsubara, 14, of Japan; Stephanie Meadow; Marijosse Navarro, 15, of Mexico; Regina Plasencia, 19, of Mexico; Lucia Polo, 18, of Guatemala; and Sophia Popov, 20, of Germany. Additionally, eight players competed in the 2010 championship: Nicole Ferre, 19, of Weston, Va. (representing her birth country of Venezuela); Gabriela Lopez, 19, of Mexico; Leona Maguire; Lisa Maguire; MarijosseNavarro; Lucia Polo;Sophia Popov; and Christine Wong, 21, of Canada.
Four members of the University of Southern California women's golf team that won the 2013 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship are in the field: Doris Chen, Kyung Kim, Annie Park and Sophia Popov. Park, who joined the team for the spring semester, became only the seventh freshman to win the individual title. She also claimed postseason victories at the Pac-12 Championship and NCAA West Regional.
There are two sets of sisters in the field: Anna Grace (16) and Emma (22) Lavy, of Fayetteville, Ark.; and twins Leona and Lisa Maguire.
Lakareber Abe, 17, of Angleton, Texas, was a quarterfinalist at the 2012 Women's Amateur Public Links, and the runner-up at the 2013 Goodman Networks Junior at Traditions and the 2012 UnderArmour/Vicky Hurst Championship.
Lori Beth Adams, 21, of Burlington, N.C., was the 2013 Colonial Athletic Association's Women's Golfer of the Year. She is a rising senior at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington.
Lily Bartell, 18, of Hilton Head Island, S.C., has interned for a local magazine for three years. She hopes to work one day for a fashion or beauty publication in New York City.
Jordan Britt, 21, of Chattanooga, Tenn., learned to play golf by watching Donna White's Beginning Golf for Women instructional video tape. Her grandmother purchased the VHS tape for 50 cents at a yard sale, and Britt watched the tape some 100 times. She practiced in her grandparents' backyard, aiming at distance markers spray-painted on cardboard, shooting out from under rosebushes and using the family sandbox as her practice bunker.
Talia Campbell, 19, of Dallas, Texas, won the 2013 Big East Conference title for Notre Dame. She is a second-degree black belt in taekwondo.
Casie Cathrea, 17, of Livermore, Calif., advanced to the quarterfinals of the 2013 U.S. Girls' Junior and won the 2013 San Francisco City Women's Championship. She will represent the United States at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup.
Melanie Chambers, 18, of Henderson, Nev., is an opera student at the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University. She is studying to become a choir teacher.
Karen Chung, 18, of Livingston, N.J., will represent the United States at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup.
Katelyn Dambaugh, 18, of Goose Creek, S.C., was the runner-up at the 2009 and 2012 Beth Daniel Junior Azalea, which is conducted annually at the Country Club of Charleston. She shot her career-low round of 64 there in 2012. Dambaugh is a supporter of Finish Strong Ministries, a foundation created in the memory of her good friend Major David Gray, who was killed in action by a suicide bomber in Afghanistan in 2012.
Casey Danielson, 18, of Osceola, Wis., was a quarterfinalist at the 2011 U.S. Women's Amateur Championship. She is a four-time Wisconsin state high school champion (joining her older sister, Lindsay, as the only players to take four titles) and has committed to attend Stanford University. Danielson will represent the United States at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup.
Simin Feng, 18, of the People's Republic of China, won the 2012 AJGA Girls Championship.
Yueer Cindy Feng, 17, of Orlando, Fla., reached the semifinals of the 2013 U.S. Girls' Junior, where she fell to eventual champion Gabriella Then.
Jane Fitzgerald, 51, of Kensington, Md., is a buyer and operations manager at Chevy Chase Club, where her husband, Jim, is the head golf professional. She also owns her own company, where she sells items featuring golf illustrations, and works with the Trawick Foundation, which serves nonprofit organizations in Maryland's Montgomery County. Fitzgerald is a five-time Maryland Women's Amateur champion, and won the 2001 Maryland Women's Open Championship.
Cammie Gray, 20, of Northport, Ala., won the 2013 Alabama Women's State Amateur Championship.
Brooke Mackenzie Henderson, 15, of Canada, won a 2012 CN Canadian Women's Tour event, making her the then-youngest-ever winner of a professional event.
Isabelle Kane, 17, of Winnetka, Ill., had the opportunity to play a round with Luke Donald, who also lives near Chicago.
Megan Khang, 15, of Rockland, Mass., won the 2012 and 2013 Connecticut Women's Open Championship. She reached the semifinals for the 2013 U.S. Girls' Junior, where she lost to eventual champion Gabriella Then.
Kiersten Klekner-Alt, 21, of Canada, is a former competitive ski racer. While she no longer competes, she works at her former ski club as a race coach.
Hana Ku, 17, of Basking Ridge, N.J., participated in the 2012 USA-China Youth Golf Match conducted at CordeValle in San Martin, Calif. Ku, who is a long-time volunteer at the USGA Museum's Photo Archive and will attend Princeton University in the fall, served as a standard bearer and worked at the scoreboard for the 2013 U.S. Women's Open held at Sebonack Golf Club in Southampton, N.Y.
Alison Lee, 18, of Valencia, Calif., will represent the United States at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup.
Andrea Lee, 14, of Hermosa Beach, Calif., was the runner-up at the 2013 Rolex Tournament of Champions. She will represent the United States at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup.
Erynne Lee, 20, of Silverdale, Wash., has reached the Women's Amateur quarterfinals the last three years.
Minjee Lee, 17, of Australia, is a member of Golf Australia's National Squad Tier One. So far in 2013, she has won the Australian Women's Amateur, Australian Girls' Amateur and Western Australian Amateur.
Paige Lee, 18, of Folsom, Calif., won the 2013 Northern California Golf Association's Women's Amateur Championship.
Danielle Lemek, 19, of Doniphan, Neb., won the Nebraska Golf Association's 2009-12 Girls' Amateur and 2009-12 Girls' Match Play, as well as four consecutive state high school titles. This summer, she won the Nebraska Women's Golf Association's 2013 Stroke Play Tournament.
Isabelle Lendl, 22, of Goshen, Conn., won the 2013 Dixie Amateur and the 2012 Women's Eastern Amateur. She is the daughter of retired tennis legend Ivan Lendl.
Lucy Li, 10, of Redwood Shores, Calif., qualified for the 2013 U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links, becoming the second-youngest player in championship history. She became the youngest player ever advance to match play, just seven days younger than Michelle Wie in 2000. She lost in the first round to Ember Schuldt, 3 and 2.
Leona Maguire, 18, of Ireland, won the 2012 Irish Women's Close Championship, as well as the 2012 Irish Girls Open Stroke Play Championship.
Lisa Maguire, 18, of Ireland, was the runner-up at the 2013 Irish Women's Close Championship.
Briana Mao, 19, of Folsom, Calif., was a child model from age 4 to 6. She walked a Ralph Lauren runway show with Tyson Beckford, did a television commercial for Maytag Appliances and appeared in print advertisements for JCPenney.
Stephanie Meadow, 21, of Northern Ireland, was a member of the University of Alabama team that won the 2012 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship. In 2013, she won the Division I East Regional. She received an exemption into the LPGA Tour's 2013 Kraft Nabisco Championship, where she made the cut. Meadow is the 2012 Ladies British Open Amateur champion.
Ally McDonald, 20, of Fulton, Miss., won the 2013 North & South Women's Amateur Championship.
Sydney Merchant, 15, of Morrison, Colo., won the 2013 Colorado Junior Match Play Championship.
Erin Misheff, 23, of Silver Lake, Ohio, studied ballet for 12 years, including three en pointe.
Nicole Morales, 17, of South Salem, N.Y., won the 2013 Thunderbird International Junior. Her father is a tennis professional, and she was once one of the top-ranked junior tennis players in New York. Morales, who will represent the United States at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup, will attend the University of Alabama in the fall of 2014.
Kelli Murphy, 17, of Elgin, S.C., won the 2011 and 2013 Carolinas Junior Girls Championships. By winning the South Carolina Junior Golf Association's Caddie Classic, Murphy won the chance to caddie for Nancy Lopez at the 2013 Monday After the Masters Pro-Am.
Liz Nagel, 21, of Dewitt, Mich., had surgery to treat thyroid cancer on Dec. 27, 2012, the same year she earned player-of-the-year honors from the Golf Association of Michigan. She was back on the golf course in mid February.
Marijosse Navarro, 16, of Mexico, won the 2010, 2012 and 2013 Mexican Women's Amateur Championships. She reached the quarterfinals of the 2012 U.S. Women's Amateur, where she fell to eventual runner-up Jaye Marie Green.
Su-Hyun Oh, 17, of Australia, is a member of Golf Australia's National Squad Tier One. She won the 2012 Australian Girls' Amateur Championship, and reached the quarterfinals of the 2012 U.S. Women's Amateur Championship.
Lucia Polo, 18, of Guatemala, won the 2012 Carolinas Junior Girls Championship. She moved to the United States at age 16 and now resides with her coach and his family in Greensboro, N.C. Polo is a four-time member of the Guatemalan national team (2009-12) and won the 2009 Guatemalan Open.
Ellen Port, 51, of St. Louis, Mo., is an eight-time Missouri Women's Amateur champion, most recently in 2012, the most in championship history. She is a 12-time St. Louis Metropolitan champion, most recently in 2010, and was inducted into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame and the St. Louis Sports Hall of Fame in 2012. Port also won the 1994 Women's TRANS National Golf Association Amateur Championship. She is a physical education teacher at the John Burroughs School, where she also coaches the boys and girls golf teams.
Kendall Prince, 20, of Lake Oswego, Ore., won the 2013 Oregon Women's Amateur Championship.
Ashlan Ramsey, 17, of Milledgeville, Ga., will represent the United States at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup.
Shawn Rennegarbe, 17, of Addieville, Ill., was so impressed by her experiences working with kids from The First Tee at the 2012 U.S. Girls' Junior that she began volunteering for the organization.
Katelyn Sepmoree, 22, of Tyler, Texas, is an avid supporter of the United States military and has corresponded with General Raymond T. Odierno, chief of staff of the United States Army.
Lauren Stephenson, 16, of Lexington, S.C., won the 2013 Hank Haney IJGA Junior Open and the 2013 TaylorMade-adidas Golf Junior All-Star at Chateau Elan.
Kelly Shon, 21, of Port Washington, N.Y., became just the second Princeton University player to advance to the NCAA Division I National Championship in 2013. Shon won the Ivy League Championship, was the runner-up at the NCAA East Regional and was named the 2012-13 Ivy League Player of the Year. Shon has competed in two U.S. Women's Opens.
Melissa Siviter, 23, of the United Kingdom, enjoys driving exotic cars. Her most recent ride was a 2013 Ferrari California.
Meghan Stasi, 35, of Oakland Park, Fla., won the 2012 Ione D. Jones/Doherty Championship. She and her husband, Danny, own Shuck N' Dive, a seafood restaurant located in Fort Lauderdale.
Princess Superal, 16, of the Philippines, won her home country's 2012 Southern Ladies Championship.
McKenzie Talbert, 18, of North Augusta, S.C., won the 2010 Beth Daniel Junior Azalea at the Country Club of Charleston.
Emma Talley, 19, of Princeton, Ky., disqualified herself from winning her state golf tournament (by five strokes) because she realized she had signed for a wrong score. She won the state championship on three occasions, and set an AJGA record in 2011 by winning four consecutive tournaments.
Gabriella Then, 17, of Rancho Cucamonga, Calif., won the 2013 Scott Robertson Memorial.
Emily Tubert, 21, of Burbank, Calif., has a younger sister, Sarah, who plays on the USA National Deaf Volleyball Team.
Jessica Vasilic, 17, of Sweden, will play for Team Europe at the 2013 Junior Solheim Cup. Vasilic reached the round of 16 of the 2012 U.S. Women's Amateur.
Elizabeth Wang, 13, of San Marino, Calif., has perfect musical pitch. She is a percussionist and has performed with the Colorado Junior and Senior Symphonies.
Liz Waynick, 53, of Scottsdale, Ariz., was the youngest player in the 1976 U.S. Women's Amateur field at age 16. She lost in the third round to Nancy Lopez. It is her only other U.S. Women's Amateur appearance.
Tatiana Wijaya, 17, of Indonesia, won the women's golf championship at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games (also known as the SEA Games) in a playoff after making a nine-stroke comeback on the final day.
Christine Wong, 21, of Canada, is a member of Golf Canada's National Team and won the 2012 British Columbia Women's Amateur Championship, having previously won in 2010. She made the cut at the 2010 Women's Open.
Hannah Wood, 17, of Centennial, Colo., is obsessed with outer space and wants to discover how humans can travel at the speed of light. She won the 2013 Kathy Whitworth Invitational.
Dawn Woodard, 38, of Greer, S.C., was the 2012 Carolinas Women's Player of the Year. She won the 2011 and 2012 Carolinas Women's Match play Championships, as well as the 2010-12 Women's South Carolina Golf Association Match Play Championships and the 2012 WSCGA Stroke Play Championship. Woodard had her 12-year-old daughter Sam on the bag for her Women's Amateur qualifier. Several people assumed Sam was attempting to qualify, not her mother.
Angel Yin, 14, of Arcadia, Calif., won the 2013 Legacy Junior Classic and earned a berth in the Kraft Nabisco Championship field, where she made the cut. She was the runner-up at the 2012 Polo Junior Classic.
Haley Zagoria, 20, of Atlanta, Ga., participates in Lauren's Run, an annual fun run that is dedicated to the memory of her sister, Lauren, who died as a toddler due to neuroblastoma, a type of cancer. The fundraiser has raised more than $5 million for childhood cancer research. Zagoria is a talented photographer, specializing in black-and-white film photography, and one of her images has hung in the Michael C. Carlos Museum on the Emory University campus.


Posted on Friday, March 29th, 2019 at 10:48 am.
I wanted to honor our National Nutrition Month and all of our very important Registered Dietitians who we celebrated on RD day (and hopefully all days). Because RD's are legitimate nutrition experts, I'm including a list of somewhat new healthful (not just nutrition) apps from my fellow RD friends that might be useful; so keep this article handy! In addition, I'm touching on sustainability and health regarding plastic usage with our food and beverages. More and more we are learning that plastic may not be the wisest choice for our planet and our precious bodies. Let's find out why and what alternatives we can use.
On the bottom of plastic food storage containers, you'll find a tiny triangle with a number (resin identification code) ranging from 1 to 7. This number indicates what the plastic is made of. In general, the safest choices for food use are numbers 1, 2, 4 and 5. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends avoiding plastic containers with codes 3, 6 and 7. Plastic number 3 contains vinyl or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 6 has polystyrene and 7 can contain various plastics, such as Bisphenol-A (BPA).
Common Uses: 2-liter soda bottles, cooking oil bottles, peanut butter jars, detergent bottles. Most common for single-use bottled beverages, such as water or juice. Low risk of leaching and health hazards unless used more than once.
Common Uses: Detergent bottles, milk jugs, shampoo bottles, butter and yogurt tubs. Lowest risk of leaching, least toxic, no known health hazards.
Common Uses: Plastic pipes, outdoor furniture, shrink-wrap, water bottles, salad dressing bottles, window cleaner and liquid detergent containers. Contains chlorine, can release dangerous dioxins and phthalates. Never burn PVC plastic, as burning will release toxins.
Common Uses: Dry-cleaning bags, produce and grocery bags, trash can liners, food storage containers, most plastic wraps. No known health hazards.
Common Uses: Bottle caps, drinking straws, some baby bottles. Has a higher melting point so is used for containers that come in contact with hot liquid. No known health hazards.
Common Uses: Packaging pellets or "Styrofoam peanuts," disposable cups, plates and plastic tableware, meat trays, carryout containers, egg cartons. Can leach toxins into foods.
Common Uses: 5-gallon water bottles, clear plastic sippy cups, certain food and beverage containers, some Tupperware, some clear plastic cutlery, clear baby bottles, food can linings. Usually contains polycarbonate product (BPA).
Though polycarbonate plastic is strong and long-lasting, it can break down over time from high temperatures and overuse. Never microwave foods in plastic food containers, including margarine tubs and restaurant carryout containers. Plastic containers from packaged microwavable meals shouldn't be reused after their initial use; they're safely designed for one-time-use only. Putting plastic containers in the dishwasher should also be avoided.
What Else Can You Do to Stay Safe?
Store and reheat food in glass or ceramic containers free of metallic paint.
Purchase eggs that are sold in pressed cardboard or paper cartons.
Use cling or plastic wrap only for food storage and not for reheating. Avoid storing fatty foods, like meat or cheese, in cling or plastic wrap, as these foods are the most likely to absorb chemicals from the wrap.
Beware of cling wraps labeled "microwave safe." Instead, use waxed paper or a paper towel to cover foods.
Before eating plastic-wrapped deli foods, slice off a thin layer where the food came in contact with the plastic.
Invest in a safe, reusable water bottle to limit chemical exposure and reduce landfill waste at the same time!
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. only recycled about 9 percent of plastic containers and packaging in 2015. Scary! This can contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, impacting the health of the environment.
Regarding plastic food safety, pick plastic food containers wisely and limit their use to cold food storage. Choose glass or stainless steel containers for cold or hot foods. Since both can be cleaned and reused, they're ideal for home food storage, too.
Diabetes: The Dario app is a personal diabetes management tool for tracking blood glucose levels in real-time.
Fitness: Studio SWEAT onDemand has the best at home Spinning, TRX, Boot Camps, Stretch & Restore, Ab & Core, HIIT Training, Kettlebells, and more. The most popular class – Spin Sculpt, which combines calorie torching Spinning with full body toning and strengthening. Aaptiv delivers music (only) driven workouts on demand for people at all fitness levels.
Meditation: Insight Timer offers more than 12,000 free and searchable guided meditations for mindful eating, self-love and compassion, sleeping quality, anxiety, stress and depression, and more.
Logging Food: Bitesnap uses artificial intelligence to log meals and track calories based on a photo the user would take.
Quickly Count Calories: MyFitnessPal has an impressive built-in food library. You can scan the food or search in the library which it will most likely have. I have used this one the most.
To Make Healthy Choices on the Go: Food Tripping tells you about restaurants, health food stores, farmer's markets, and coffee shops.
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Fooducate lets you scan nutrition labels for a quick assessment of how healthy something really is.
Dietary Restrictions: Ingredient1 quickly identifies products within your diet plan. Just apply a filter for your specific allergy (gluten, soy, dairy, etc.) and the app will locate foods in nearby stores that meet those requirements.
Healthy Shopping: EWG's Food Scores has a database of 80,000 products (not just food!) rated on a scale of 1-10 based on 3 categories: nutrition, ingredients, and processing levels. The closer the score is to 1 the better you can feel about putting that product in your cart.
Jackie Newgent, RDN, CDN, is a Brooklyn-based culinary nutritionist, writer and media personality.
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy 2008.
Thank you for the valuable info Miriam! I'm going to use the plastics information for sure, and I can't wait to check out some of the apps you've recommended that I don't already use! You're a wealth of information and I always appreciate your articles!
Excellent info. I always look forward to your articles. I appreciate your view on things. Would love to hear your thoughts on myofascial release…benefits of it, how often to do it, best postures for maximum effect, release vs. strength, and maybe a few demos, etc. Just a suggestion! Thank u Miriam!
I always love picking up a few new ideas when I read your articles. Thank you from Westmont, IL.
That's what I'm here for! Let me know if there are other topics of interest.


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Efforts for Safety & Security
Flamingo is a matching service where users are free to enjoy language conversations at a nearby cafe.
However, there are also users who may feel uneasy about meeting foreign teachers and having one-on-one lessons.
Here at Flamingo, our aim is to create a service our users can use safely and with peace of mind. Therefore, we are making efforts from various angles and would like to introduce some of our safety precautions here;
Efforts Towards Soundness
Flamingo's support team performs daily checks using a combination of notifications from users and a unique tracking system to ensure that wrongdoers are removed from the service.
If a user is found to have violated our Terms of Service, we respond instantaneously according to our policies in order to protect other users.
※List of Prohibited Behaviours
1. Paying/receiving the lesson fee in cash
2. Usage for encounter/dating purposes
3. Exchanging personal contact information directly with the student/teacher (LINE, phone number, etc)
4. Sexual/violent acts
5. Solicitation
Efforts Towards Instructors
Based on our vision of enriching the lives of foreigners living in Japan, we have grown our business with the hope that foreigners can make a living in Japan using their native language.
In order to support their careers as a language instructor, on top of distributing teacher manuals we also provide one-on-one meetings and detailed support to our teachers.
August 2018~ Reinforcement Period
As of August 2018, along with the sharp increase in the number of users in Flamingo, in line with the above-mentioned efforts we are further strengthening patrols regarding the following prohibitions.
If you receive a request such as the following while chatting or during lessons, please refuse it by saying "This is a prohibited act according to the rules of service" and contact the support staff immediately. We are sorry for the inconvenience and thank you for your consideration.
■Cash Exchanges
Payment of the lesson fee is required to be done by credit card through the application. Please note that if you exchange the lesson fee with the teacher directly using cash, there may be troubles that occur.
There are many merits from settling the payment on our application such as an increase in ranking according to the number of lessons reserved in the application or the awarding of campaign points.
■Exchange of Contact Information
Please refrain from exchanging personal contact information such as LINE or telephone numbers between teachers/students.
Since our support staff cannot respond appropriately when a problem occurs, do refrain from contacting each other outside the Flamingo application.
Also, do note that trouble occurring outside the Flamingo application (LINE etc) will be out of our support and compensation.
フラミンゴの使い方 /

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Goat lactose intolerance shirt. If there is strife between you and your loved one, it helps to lay aside your pride, your need to be 'right', or your urge to 'teach a lesson, and make connection the goal. Goat lactose intolerance shirt. Try asking your child or loved one how you can support him or her and then listen. Just listen. Goat lactose intolerance shirt. This is excellent. Goat lactose intolerance shirt.


Great Grabz sets the standard for bathroom beauty with the added benefit of safety, reliability, and functionality. We believe that safety and sophistication can go hand in hand, and we pride ourselves on providing safe and beautiful bathroom grab bars for those who need them, but do not wish to forgo design. Our high-end grab bars are truly the intersection between great design and reliable functionality. We like to think of them as jewelry for the bathroom!
Great Grabz is owned by CSI Bathware, a leading supplier of bathware products for an aging population. Like our parent company, Great Grabz is dedicated to expanding attractive ADA compliant grab bar options to help people keep their bathrooms safe while maintaining a stunning look and feel. We believe everyone deserves something special, and we just know your customers will love our jewelry for their bathrooms.
We offer a wide array of high-end grab bars that will meet upscale, top tier design needs.
We provide the ability to fully customize our grab bar products to meet the needs of your customers and clients.
We raise the bar on bathroom beauty and safety with our exquisite designs, fine materials, elegant finishes, and precision craftsmanship.
To learn more about how Great Grabz can transform your bathroom project into a designer showcase, please fill out the form or call us at 704-843-9292. One of our friendly Great Grabz representatives will be in contact with you soon to discuss your bathroom grab bar needs.


MassDevelopment has issued a $6.3 million tax-exempt bond for Cox Engineering Company and related affiliates, a Canton business that designs, fabricates, and installs HVAC piping and sheet metal ductwork. Cox Engineering will use bond proceeds to buy and renovate a 73,000-square-foot building in Randolph for manufacturing. The company will also use proceeds to buy and install new manufacturing equipment, CNC machines, coil line for making ductwork, and line cutters. Cox Engineering has invested $9.5 million in this project, which is expected to create 20 full-time jobs. Rockland Trust Company's Taunton Avenue Securities Corporation purchased the bond.
Cox Engineering Company, founded in 1914, provides a wide range of HVAC services and products at both the executive and individual levels. Its clients include commercial, educational, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, healthcare, general contractor, and restaurant companies. Cox has worked on projects at Fenway Park, Gillette Stadium, Boston University, Harvard University, Analog Devices, and Boston Medical Center.


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Ford F-250 - пікап, що почав вироблятися компанією Ford з 2004 року. Основні конкуренти - Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Sierra HD 2500/3500, Ram 2500/3500 Heavy-Duty і, до певної міри, Nissan Titan XD.

Опис
Основний двигун Ford F-250 2017 року - 6.2-літровий V8 на 385 к.c. та 583 Нм. До речі, конячок стало на 25 більше, у порівнянні з минулим роком. У пару двигун отримав легшу, більш економну 6 АКПП. Окремо представлений 6.7-літровий V8 дизельний турбодвигун на 440 к.с. та 569 Нм. Про рівень витрати пального у випадку з такими габаритними автомобілями мова не йде в принципі.

Огляд моделі

Примітки

Посилання

Пікапи
 F-Series
Автомобілі 2000-х
Автомобілі 2010-х

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Country music's men were not messing around this year! Out of the fierce competition -- nominees for Male Vocalist of the Year at the 2018 CMA Awards included Dierks Bentley, Luke Combs, Thomas Rhett, Chris Stapleton and Keith Urban -- Stapleton walked away the victor on Wednesday night (Nov. 14).
Martina McBride and Lara Spencer presented the award to Stapleton-- his third of the night. He dedicated it to his four children (and one on the way) and wife Morgane Stapleton, who appears on a number of his songs and joined him in performance alongside Mavis Staples and others tonight. After a long few months of touring, Stapleton was grateful for the recognition and thanked his entire support system.
Stapleton's "Broken Halos" is a huge tearjerker -- and was a big hit during this past year. The singer wrote the song alongside Mike Henderson after one of Stapleton's friends passed away from cancer. The pair's tune took home the trophy for Best Country Song at the 2018 Grammy Awards, as well as Song of the Year and Single of the Year at tonight's CMA Awards.


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\section{Introduction}

The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect is a distortion of the spectral
shape of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to inverse Compton
scattering in the ubiquitous, hot ($T_{\mathrm{e}} \sim 10^{7} \,$K)
intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters \citep{Sunyaev1972}.  The
canonical thermal SZ spectrum is a decrement in the brightness of the
CMB as measured through galaxy clusters at mm wavelengths and an
increment at sub-mm wavelengths which passes though a null at $\lambda
\approx 1.3 \,$mm.  To correctly describe the SZ spectral distortion
when relativistic electrons are present or the cluster is moving with
respect to the CMB additional correction terms, usually termed
``relativistic'' (or ``finite temperature'') corrections and
``kinetic'' SZ effect, are required.  Measurement of these corrections
is only possible using observations at multiple wavelengths, and is
expedited by measurement at wavelengths where the expected
modifications to the thermal SZ effect are largest.  In the case of
the finite temperature corrections, the largest changes expected in
the SZ increment are at wavelengths shorter than $1 \, \mu$m.

Decrements in emission are rare astrophysically and can be ascribed to
the SZ effect with little ambiguity; this has lead to measurements of
the SZ effect at $\lambda \gtrsim 2 \,$mm becoming almost routine.  In
comparison, measurements of the SZ effect increment are complicated by
the presence of the dusty, high redshift galaxies which constitute the
sub-mm cosmic background.  Additionally, the individual sources
comprising the sub-mm background are gravitationally lensed by galaxy
clusters, the effect of which is to preferentially correlate increases
in sub-mm emission with clustering.  This correlation makes
unambiguous detection of the SZ increment difficult, though successful
measurements do exist (\citealt{Lamarre1998}, \citealt{Komatsu1999},
\citealt{Zemcov2003}, \citealt{Zemcov2007}, \citealt{Nord2009}).
Moreover, the presence of the sub-mm background may contaminate
measurements of the SZ effect for $\lambda > 1 \,$mm in less massive
galaxy clusters \citep{Aghanim2005}.  A better understanding of the
sub-mm emission associated with galaxy clusters is required.

Heretofore, systematic far infrared (FIR) surveys of many galaxy
clusters to large radii have been technically challenging so a
complete census of sub-mm emission from clusters has been difficult to
obtain.  The advent of SPIRE \citep{Griffin2010} on \textit{Herschel}
\citep{Pilbratt2010} has, for the first time, provided the capability
to make deep maps of clusters to large angles on the sky and to use
colour information to separate the different sources of sub-mm
emission present in galaxy clusters.  In addition to gravitationally
lensed background sources \citep{Rex2010}, emission in clusters above
the confused sub-mm background may also comprise emission from
galaxies in the cluster itself \citep{Rawle2010}, as well as truly
diffuse emission from the SZ effect and possibly even cold dust in the
ICM.  SPIRE's ability to separate sources of emission based both on
spatial and spectral information allows the demographics of the sub-mm
emission to be measured.

In this paper, we use deep SPIRE maps of the $z=0.3$ Bullet cluster
(\bulletc) taken as part of the \textit{Herschel} Lensing Survey (HLS,
P.I.~Egami) at $250$, $350$, and $500 \, \mu$m with $18$, $25$ and
$36$ arcsec resolution to measure the SZ effect and constrain other
diffuse emission associated with the cluster.

\section{Analysis and results}
\label{S:analysis}

The HLS is a programme to observe 40 massive clusters in the range
$0.1 < z < 1.0$; during \textit{Herschel}'s science demonstration
phase \bulletc\ was observed to full depth.  The specific observation
strategy, low level data reduction and map making processes are
summarized in \citet{Egami2010}; here we begin with the calibrated
flux and noise maps at $250, 350$ and $500 \, \mu$m (Fig.~2 of
\citealt{Egami2010}).

Measurement of dim, extended emission is complicated by the presence
of background sub-mm galaxies the confusion noise from which, at
SPIRE's resolution, is measured to be $\sim 6 \,$mJy in all three
bands for blank fields \citep{Nguyen2010}.  Indeed, in these maps we
measure an RMS noise of $\{6.0,6.0,7.5\} \,$mJy/beam at $250, 350, 500
\, \mu$m, consistent with the combination of confusion noise and
instrument noise expected from the integration time.  Obviously, care
must be taken to disentangle extended emission from confused sources.
To do this, we employ the approach discussed below, the fundamental
tenet of which is to account for and remove all $250 \, \mu$m emission
from the two longer wavelength channels.

To generate a $250 \, \mu$m source catalog, sources are detected in
the $250 \, \mu$m map using the StarFinder algorithm
\citep{Diolaiti2000}.  The detection threshold is set to $2.5 \sigma$
and is run iteratively using SPIRE's $250 \, \mu$m point response
function (PRF) to account for blending; as the purpose here is not to
generate a catalog of real sources but rather to remove all potential
sources of emission resolved in the shortest wavelength band, an
aggressive source detection level is desirable.  Because the confusion
noise in these maps is already a factor of $\sim 3$ above the
instrument noise level, lowering the source detection threshold does
not substantially increase the number of identified sources.  The $250
\, \mu$m selected sources are then subtracted from the $250 \, \mu$m
map to produce the source-subtracted map shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:submaps}.
\begin{figure*}[!ht]
\centering
\epsfig{file=fig_submaps.ps,width=0.99\textwidth}
\caption{Source subtracted maps at $250, 350$ and $500 \, \mu$m; these
  figures show the same regions defined by the 7\arcmin$\times
  $7\arcmin green boxes in Fig.~2 of \citet{Egami2010}.  All three
  maps are shown on the colour scale shown at right; units are mJy
  beam$^{-1}$.  The left most panel shows the source-subtracted $250
  \, \mu$m map; the confused sub-mm background is most clearly evident
  in this band.  The center and rightmost panels are respectively the
  $350$ and $500 \, \mu$m source removed and masked maps; their
  construction is discussed in the text.  The cross hairs show the
  best fitting SZ effect centroid from \citet{Halverson2009}; the
  emission visible at $500 \, \mu$m but not in the other maps is
  consistent with the position, shape and flux from the SZ effect
  expected at this wavelength.}
\label{fig:submaps}
\end{figure*}
In order to remove $250 \, \mu$m emission that is correlated with
$350$ and $500 \, \mu$m emission we employ a very conservative
approach.  The first step in this process is to use the $250 \, \mu$m
source candidate catalog to determine the possible positions of
counterparts in the other two channels.  The algorithm described below
is performed independently on both the $350$ and $500 \, \mu$m maps;
no direct comparison between the catalogs for the two longer
wavelengths is performed or necessary.  For each $250 \, \mu$m
candidate source position, the relevant PRF is fit to the position in
the longer wavelength channel.  In the fit, the position, flux and
width of the source are allowed to vary.  The resulting list of long
wavelength candidate source counterparts is then compared to the $250
\, \mu$m candidate source catalog.  All those fits where the best fit
flux is different by $> 50$\% at $350 \, \mu$m or $> 90$\% at $500 \,
\mu$m, whose best fit width differs from the nominal PRF by $> 20$\%,
or whose best fitting position is different by a total distance of 2
map pixels or more are deemed ``unsuccessful''.  The catalog
consisting of the successful fits is then subtracted from the long
wavelength map to produce a source subtracted map at that wavelength.

Since the angular resolution of the two longer wavelength channels is
significantly larger than that at $250 \, \mu$m, it is common to have
a large fraction of the fits be unsuccessful.  As this is due to the
effects of confusion rather than an actual lack of a long wavelength
counterpart source, to be conservative we need to account for these
unsubtracted sources; this process is performed in two steps.  First,
we generate a $250 \, \mu$m map which is the sum of the $250 \, \mu$m
source subtracted map (shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:submaps}) and all
those $250 \, \mu$m selected sources for which the longer wavelength
fit was unsuccessful.  This corresponds to the $250 \, \mu$m map which
would arise if all those sources detected and removed at the longer
wavelength were also removed from the $250 \, \mu$m input map.  This
map is then convolved up to the longer wavelength's resolution using
the relevant PRF and rebinned to the longer wavelength map's
resolution.  This map - which is equivalent to the long wavelength
source free $250 \, \mu$m counterpart map - is then pixel-wise fit to
the long wavelength map to determine the scaling between them.  Bright
sources tend to make such scalings difficult in SPIRE data because
such sources have individual colours which make pixel-wise colour
comparisons have large variance.  However, by construction such bright
sources have been removed from the comparison so the scaling between
the colours is well described by a linear model with coefficients of
$0.76$ at $350 \, \mu$m and $0.40$ at $500 \, \mu$m.  The scaled $250
\, \mu$m bright source removed map is then subtracted from the
equivalent long wavelength map.  This has the effect of subtracting
out both the $250 \, \mu$m sources undetected in the longer wavelength
map and the component of the confused background present in the $250
\, \mu$m map.

As a further step, the $250 \, \mu$m sources whose long wavelength
fits were unsuccessful are binned into a map using their $250 \, \mu$m
flux and position, but the PRF of the longer wavelength channel.  This
undetected source model map is then threshold cut; all pixels with
values greater than the threshold are deemed possible contaminants to
the longer wavelength maps and a pixel mask is generated based on the
positions of the cut sources.  The center and right most panels of
Fig.~\ref{fig:submaps}\ show the resulting $250 \, \mu$m source
removed and masked maps for the $350$ and $500 \, \mu$m channels.

The $500 \, \mu$m map shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:submaps} features an
extended source coincident with the measured center of the SZ effect
in this cluster \citet{Halverson2009}.  If this signal is due to
extended, roughly azimuthally symmetric emission as expected from the
SZ effect then taking radial averages of the masked maps will enhance
the signal to noise ratio of this detection.  As the signal to noise
ratio per map pixel is small, here we assume azimuthal symmetry and
average the maps in simple radial bins of constant 18 arcsec width;
the results of this are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:radave}.
Interestingly, both the $350$ and $500 \, \mu$m data exhibit extended
emission at the center of the cluster; to constrain this, we fit these
data to the best fitting isothermal $\beta$ model from
\citet{Halverson2009} which has a characteristic angular size of a few
arcminutes.  The resulting fits are plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:radave};
Table \ref{tab:results}\ lists the best fitting central SZ increment
brightnesses at $350$ and $500 \, \mu$m.  For the
\citet{Halverson2009} model parameters the probability to exceed the
measured $\chi^{2}$ for the fit at $350 \, \mu$m is $0.21$; for $500
\, \mu$m it is $0.25$.  The isothermal $\beta$ model is a poor
statistical description of the radial average at $250 \, \mu$m.  In
addition to the statistical uncertainties associated with the errors
on the data output from the fit, the uncertainties in the
\citet{Halverson2009} model contribute a further $1.2 \,$MJy sr$^{-1}$
at $350 \, \mu$m and $1.9 \,$MJy sr$^{-1}$ at $500 \, \mu$m.  We have
not included the contribution of these in the uncertainties listed in
Table \ref{tab:results}.

\begin{figure}[h!tb]
\centering
\epsfig{file=fig_radave.ps,width=0.49\textwidth}
\caption{Radial averages of the source subtracted and masked maps
  shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:submaps}.  As the absolute mean of the maps
  are not measured by SPIRE, the points for each band are scattered
  about $0 \,$MJy sr$^{-1}$.  Also plotted are the best fitting
  isothermal $\beta$ models using the parameters in
  \citet{Halverson2009} in the two SPIRE bands in which the SZ effect
  is expected to be non-zero, $350$ and $500 \, \mu$m; Table
  \ref{tab:results}\ gives the numerical values of the central
  increments brightnesses at both wavelengths.  As the $250 \, \mu$m
  radial bins are not correlated, each point should be compared to the
  (dashed) line $\Delta I = 0 \,$MJy sr$^{-1}$, while in $350$ and
  $500 \, \mu$m the dashed line shows the inferred zero level of the
  SZ effect.}
\label{fig:radave}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}[!htb]
\centering
\caption{Best fitting and expected SZ effect parameters at $350$ and
  $500 \, \mu$m.}
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\hline
 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{$\Delta I_{0}$ (MJy sr$^{-1}$)} & \\
& $500 \, \mu$m & $350 \, \mu$m
& $\Delta I_{0}(350) / \Delta I_{0}(500)$ \\ \hline\noalign{\smallskip}
SPIRE Best Fit &
 $0.268 \pm 0.031$ & $0.097 \pm 0.019$ & $0.36 \pm 0.12$ \\
Expected with relativistic correction &
 $0.266 \pm 0.014$ & $0.060 \pm 0.003$ & $0.23 \pm 0.05$ \\
Expected without relativistic correction &
 $0.184 \pm 0.010$ & $0.017 \pm 0.001$ & $0.09 \pm 0.05$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:results}
\end{table*}

In order to compare the SZ effect increments measured here with the
signal expected from previous measurements, we compile the results of
\citet{Andreani1999}, \citet{Halverson2009} and \citet{Plagge2009}.
As all of these measurements were performed with instruments working
at $2 \,$mm, they can be averaged to create a best estimate for the
central Comptonization parameter using the X-ray determined cluster
temperature of $T_{\mathrm{e}}=13.9 \,$keV. Including relativistic
corrections, the uncertainty weighted average $y_{0}$ is $3.46 \pm
0.16 \times 10^{-4}$.  Table \ref{tab:results}\ lists the expected
brightness of the SZ distortion in the SPIRE bands including the
effect of the actual filter bandpasses; Fig.~\ref{fig:SZtemplate}
shows the spectral distortion of the CMB brightness for these $y_{0}$
and $T_{\mathrm{e}}$ values with the SPIRE bandpasses for reference.
Good agreement is found between the expected results given the
fiducial $y_{0}$ and $T_{\mathrm{e}}$ and the SPIRE results at both
$350$ and $500 \, \mu$m.

The relativistic SZ effect corrections required in the presence of a
relativistic electron population have the largest effect at both the
peaks of the SZ effect and the very shortest wavelengths.
\citet{Nozawa2000} has calculated analytic fitting formulae for these
corrections for $\lambda \gtrsim 250 \, \mu$m; in the calculations
above we use these formulae to correct the purely thermal SZ effect
spectrum for the presence of relativistic electrons.  To determine the
change in the SPIRE result if these finite temperature corrections
were absent, we also compute the SZ spectrum without the relativistic
electron correction and central Comptonization parameter which leaves
the brightness at $2 \,$mm constant, $y_{0} = 3.16 \times 10^{-4}$.
Fig.~\ref{fig:SZtemplate}\ shows this pure thermal SZ effect
spectrum and Table \ref{tab:results}\ lists the corresponding $350$
and $500 \, \mu$m SPIRE band weighted intensities.

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\epsfig{file=fig_SZtemplate.ps,width=0.49\textwidth}
\caption{The SZ effect spectrum in \bulletc.  The $2 \,$mm uncertainty
  weighted average of the measurements of \citet{Andreani1999},
  \citet{Halverson2009} and \citet{Plagge2009} (purple asterisk) leads
  to the SZ spectrum shown (solid black curve).  The best fitting
  SPIRE measurements at $350$ and $500 \, \mu$m (green and red
  diamonds) and the normalized SPIRE bandpasses (blue, green, red
  solid lines) are shown for reference.  The SZ effect spectrum which
  is consistent with the $2 \,$mm measurements but excludes the
  relativistic SZ effect correction is also shown (black dotted line).
  Though both SZ effect curves are well matched in the decrement, the
  finite temperature SZ effect corrections change the results by as
  much as $70$\% of the expected signal in the SPIRE bands.}
\label{fig:SZtemplate}
\end{figure}

Table \ref{tab:results}\ also lists the ratio of the $350$ to $500 \,
\mu$m SZ effect intensities for the SPIRE measurement presented here,
the finite temperature SZ effect corrected spectrum, and the pure
thermal SZ spectrum.  The SPIRE and relativistic SZ effect corrected
spectrum are consistent at the $1 \sigma$ level, while the SPIRE
measurement and the purely thermal SZ spectrum are different by $2.1
\sigma$.  This is the strongest evidence for the presence of the
relativistic corrections to date, though not a detection of their
effect on the SZ spectrum.

\section{Discussion and conclusions}
\label{S:conclusion}

The possibility of detecting the SZ effect significantly shortward of
its positive peak is a testament to the extraordinary capabilities of
SPIRE.  However, works like \citet{Zemcov2007} show that in large
galaxy cluster survey samples, significant contamination to the SZ
signal from bright, gravitationally lensed background sources is
common.  Though the properties of this particular cluster have not
precluded measurement of the SZ effect -- \bulletc\ has fewer bright,
lensed sources close to its SZ effect center than typical clusters
which have been observed in the sub-mm and is relatively bright and
broad in the SZ effect -- based on this single example it is difficult
to determine whether gravitational lensing of the sub-mm background
will make measurements similar to this one more challenging in more
typical clusters at these and other wavelengths.  Data from surveys
like the HLS will allow us to understand whether typical clusters are
suitable for SZ effect increment detection, and how the lensed sub-mm
background will affect measurements at other wavelengths.

The possibility of diffuse emission from cold dust in the ICM has been
discussed in the past (\textit{e.g.} \citealt{Stickel2002}).  It is
expected that, due to sputtering by energetic photons, such dust would
have a very short lifetime in the ICM environment \citep{Draine1979}.
Based on the radial averages of the $250 \, \mu$m source subtracted
maps, where for ICM dust with reasonable temperatures the brightest
thermal emission would occur, we find no evidence for this type of
diffuse emission in this cluster.  Because in any reasonable scenario
such dust emission would be faint in a $z > 0.1$ cluster, we expect
that targeted searches of local clusters will be more successful for
this science, though the HLS and similar surveys can provide useful
constraints.

Given the statistical uncertainties, the $350 \, \mu$m SZ effect
increment measured here is slightly less than $2 \sigma$ larger than
would be expected from the $2 \,$mm measurements.  This may point to
residual problems with the source subtraction procedure.  More data
will allow tuning of the confused sub-mm background removal algorithm
and checks on whether biases arising from poor background removal are
endemic in a large cluster sample.

Given the presence of the SZ effect in clusters, it seems that care
must be taken with photometry of $500 \, \mu$m sources within an
arcminute or so of the cluster center; such sources will be positioned
on a diffuse background so their fluxes will be biased by a small
amount \citep{Rex2010}.

As the peak of the FIR emission of dusty sources is redshifted to
progressively longer wavelengths, high redshift sources are expected
to have exceptionally red spectral energy distributions.  The results
of this work show that care must be taken when searching for sources
based on their presence in the $500 \, \mu$m band alone; galaxy
clusters whose SZ effects are relatively bright and compact could well
masquerade as such sources.  Due to the well known problem of
determining counterparts to sub-mm sources at other wavelengths, such
SZ effect contamination may not be immediately obvious, particularly
as cluster fields are crowded and many possible counterparts may be
present.  As a corollary, searching for very red sources in confusion
limited SPIRE surveys may turn up compact clusters based on the
presence of strong $500 \, \mu$m emission.  The search for such
extremely red SPIRE sources in the HLS and other programmes is
underway now.

\begin{acknowledgements}

This work is based in part on observations made with Herschel, a
European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with significant
participation by NASA.  Support for this work was provided by NASA
through an award issued by JPL/Caltech.

\end{acknowledgements}

\bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Sadia has got to be one of the most enthusiastic and fun brides I've ever had! She chose a mash up of our Lola and Black Betty dresses. I love the pop of Emerald green in her underskirt.
"I had looked for months at wedding dresses and was beginning to think that I would never find a dress I love until I met Lucy!
I fell in love with two of her dresses and together we worked on creating a dress that combined the things I loved about each of them. She was awesome from start to finish, listening to everything I wanted and made the entire experience something I will cherish forever. I ended up loving my dress so much I didn't want to take it off!"


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Health Industry Washington Watch
Updates by Reed Smith on U.S. legislative & regulatory developments affecting the health care industry
OIG releases strategic plan for oversight of COVID-19 response
By Vicki Tankle on 1 June 2020
Following the distribution of billions of relief aid to healthcare providers and amidst the guidance issued around reopening of nursing homes throughout the country, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) unveiled a COVID-19 Response Strategic Plan on May 26, 2020 after updating its Workplan a few days earlier.
The 2020 OIG Workplan has been updated to account for an audit of the $50 billion in payments to healthcare providers to ensure that the payments were correctly calculated and disbursed to eligible providers. The Workplan also includes audits of nursing home infection prevention and control program deficiencies.
Following this trend, the Strategic Plan will allow OIG to identify, monitor, and target potential fraud, waste, and abuse affecting HHS programs and beneficiaries that may arise out of COVID-19 response and recovery programs – both during the current public health emergency and after it ends.
The Strategic Plan organizes itself under four goals that, according to OIG, drive its strategic planning and mission execution with respect to HHS's COVID-19 response and recovery. These goals are to (1) protect people, (2) protect funds, (3) protect infrastructure, and (4) promote effectiveness of HHS programs—now and into the future. Each of these goals are supported by enumerated objectives and action items that ensure providers will see increased monitoring, guidance, and reviews of their response to the COVID-19 global pandemic.
OIG's key actions to implement its Strategic Plan and achieve each of its four goals are summarized below.
Goal 1: Protect People. OIG enumerated a number of key actions under this goal that ranged from issuing guidance to enforcement authorities to support patient care, deploying law enforcement personnel as needed, conducting rapid-cycle reviews of benefits, and investigating potential fraud schemes including testing and identity theft. The OIG also indicated it would be dedicating resources to evaluate the safety of beneficiaries in certain vulnerable settings, such as nursing homes, and evaluating the distribution of resources.
Goal 2: Protect Funds. Pursuant to this goal, OIG indicated it will ensure accurate payments are made and that HHS funds are protected by auditing and investigating waste or misspending of COVID-19 response and recovery funds. In addition, OIG will be investigating suspected fraud and abuse that diverts COVID-19 funding from intended purposes or exploits emergency flexibilities granted to health and human services providers.
Goal 3: Protect Infrastructure. OIG intends to protect the security and integrity of IT systems and health technology infrastructures by investigating and mitigating cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats, including those related to networked medical devices, telehealth platforms, and other technologies being used in COVID-19 response.
Goal 4: Promote Effectiveness. Lastly, OIG's Strategic Plan outlines a number of action items intended to increase the effectiveness of ongoing COVID-19 response and recovery programs at the Federal, State, and local levels. In particular, OIG will identify successful practices and lessons learned from the COVID-19 response and make recommendations to strengthen future emergency and pandemic preparedness. Importantly, OIG will also evaluate the emergency flexibility offered in various programs. For example, OIG will consider the impacts of expanded telehealth in Medicare during the emergency to assess future Medicare policies.
In summary, it is clear that HHS intends to put significant resources into the audit, investigation and evaluation of the resources and funds that have been distributed throughout the COIVD-19 crisis and well as healthcare provider's response to COVID-19 outbreaks in their communities. Together, the new Strategic Plan and Workplan updates provide context for how OIG intends to do so. Additional information about OIG's guidance related to COVID-19 is available on the OIG COVID-19 Portal.
Posted in Office of Inspector General Regulations
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text:
Justia US Law US Codes and Statutes California Code 2009 California Code California Civil Code Chapter 8. Miscellaneous Provisions
View the 2019 California Code | View Previous Versions of the California Code
2009 California Civil Code - Section 3258-3267 :: Chapter 8. Miscellaneous Provisions
SECTION 3258-3267
3258.  The county recorder shall number, index, and preserve all
contracts, plans, and other papers presented to him for filing
pursuant to this title, and shall number, index, and transcribe into
the official records in his office in the same manner as a conveyance
of land, all notices, claims of lien, payment bonds, and other
papers recorded pursuant to this title. He shall receive therefor the
fees prescribed in Article 5 (commencing with Section 27360),
Chapter 6, Part 3, Division 2, Title 3 of the Government Code.
3259.  Except as otherwise provided in this title, the provisions of
Part 2 (commencing with Section 307) of the Code of Civil Procedure
are applicable to, and constitute the rules of practice in, the
proceedings mentioned in this title. The provisions of Part 2
(commencing with Section 307) of the Code of Civil Procedure,
relative to new trials and appeals, except insofar as they are
inconsistent with the provisions of this title or with rules adopted
by the Judicial Council, apply to the proceedings mentioned in this
title.
3259.5.  (a) The owner of a private work of improvement shall notify
the original contractor, and any claimant other than the original
contractor who has provided a preliminary 20-day notice in accordance
with Section 3097, that a notice of completion or notice of
cessation has been recorded. The notice shall be sent within 10 days
after recordation of the notice of completion or notice of cessation.
Notification shall be sent by registered or certified mail, or by
first-class mail, evidenced by a certificate of mailing. Failure to
give notice to a contractor or claimant within 10 days of recording
the notice of completion or notice of cessation shall extend the
period of time in which that contractor or claimant may file a
mechanic's lien or stop notice to 90 days beyond the date that a
notice of completion or notice of cessation has been recorded. The
sole liability for failing to give notice shall be the extension of
the period of time in which that contractor or claimant may file a
mechanic's lien or stop notice.
(b) For purposes of this section, "owner" means a person who has
an interest in real property, or the person's successor in interest
on the date a notice of completion or notice of cessation from labor
is filed for record, who causes a building, improvement, or
structure, to be constructed, altered, or repaired on the property.
If the property is owned by two or more persons as joint tenants or
tenants in common, any one or more of the cotenants may be deemed to
be the "owner" within the meaning of this section. However, "owner"
does not include a person who occupies the real property as a
personal residence and the dwelling contains not more than four
residential units, nor does it include a person who has a security
interest in the property or obtains an interest pursuant to a
transfer described in subdivision (b), (c), or (d) of Section 1102.2.
3260.  (a) This section is applicable with respect to all contracts
entered into on or after July 1, 1991, relating to the construction
of any private work of improvement. However, the amendments made to
this section during the 1992 portion of the 1991-92 Regular Session
of the Legislature are applicable only with respect to contracts
entered into on or after January 1, 1993, relating to the
construction of any private work of improvement. Moreover, the
amendments made to this section during the 1993 portion of the
1993-94 Regular Session of the Legislature are applicable only with
respect to contracts entered into on or after January 1, 1994,
relating to the construction of any private work of improvement.
(b) The retention proceeds withheld from any payment by the owner
from the original contractor, or by the original contractor from any
subcontractor, shall be subject to this section.
(c) Within 45 days after the date of completion, the retention
withheld by the owner shall be released. "Date of completion," for
purposes of this section, means any of the following:
(1) The date of issuance of any certificate of occupancy covering
the work by the public agency issuing the building permit.
(2) The date of completion indicated on a valid notice of
completion recorded pursuant to Section 3093.
(3) The date of completion as defined in Section 3086.
However, release of retentions withheld for any portion of the
work of improvement which ultimately will become the property of a
public agency, may be conditioned upon the acceptance of the work by
the public agency. In the event of a dispute between the owner and
the original contractor, the owner may withhold from the final
payment an amount not to exceed 150 percent of the disputed amount.
(d) Subject to subdivision (e), within 10 days from the time that
all or any portion of the retention proceeds are received by the
original contractor, the original contractor shall pay each of its
subcontractors from whom retention has been withheld, each
subcontractor's share of the retention received. However, if a
retention payment received by the original contractor is specifically
designated for a particular subcontractor, payment of the retention
shall be made to the designated subcontractor, if the payment is
consistent with the terms of the subcontract.
(e) If a bona fide dispute exists between a subcontractor and the
original contractor, the original contractor may withhold from that
subcontractor with whom the dispute exists its portion of the
retention proceeds. The amount withheld from the retention payment
shall not exceed 150 percent of the estimated value of the disputed
amount.
(f) Within 10 days of receipt of written notice by the owner from
the original contractor or by the original contractor from the
subcontractor, as the case may be, that any work in dispute has been
completed in accordance with the terms of the contract, the owner or
original contractor shall advise the notifying party of the
acceptance or rejection of the disputed work. Within 10 days of
acceptance of the disputed work, the owner or original contractor, as
the case may be, shall release the retained portion of the retention
proceeds.
(g) In the event that retention payments are not made within the
time periods required by this section, the owner or original
contractor withholding the unpaid amounts shall be subject to a
charge of 2 percent per month on the improperly withheld amount, in
lieu of any interest otherwise due. Additionally, in any action for
the collection of funds wrongfully withheld, the prevailing party
shall be entitled to his or her attorney's fees and costs.
(h) It shall be against public policy for any party to require any
other party to waive any provision of this section.
(i) This section shall not be construed to apply to retentions
withheld by a lender in accordance with the construction loan
3260.1.  (a) This section is applicable with respect to all
contracts entered into on or after January 1, 1992, relating to the
construction of any private work of improvement.
(b) Except as otherwise agreed in writing, the owner shall pay to
the contractor, within 30 days following receipt of a demand for
payment in accordance with the contract, any progress payment due
thereunder as to which there is no good faith dispute between the
parties. In the event of a dispute between the owner and the
contractor, the owner may withhold from the progress payment an
amount not to exceed 150 percent of the disputed amount. If any
amount is wrongfully withheld in violation of this subdivision, the
contractor shall be entitled to the penalty specified in subdivision
(g) of Section 3260.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to supersede any
requirement of Section 3260 respecting the withholding of retention
3260.2.  (a) If an original contractor is not paid all moneys which
are owed pursuant to a written contract for a private work of
improvement within 35 days from the date payment is due pursuant to
the written contract, and there is no dispute as to the satisfactory
performance of that original contractor, the original contractor
shall have a right to serve upon the owner a "10-day stop work order"
that states that unless all amounts then due the original contractor
are paid within 10 days from the date notice is provided under this
section, the original contractor will stop work on the project. At
least five days before service upon the owner of a "10-day stop work
order," the contractor shall post, in a conspicuous location at the
job site and at the main office, if one exists, of the job site, a
notice that the original contractor intends to file a 10-day stop
work order pursuant to this section. A copy of the written notice
shall also be served upon all subcontractors with whom the original
contractor has a direct contractual relationship on the project at
the same time the notice is served upon the owner. Within five days
of receipt of written notice by an original contractor pursuant to
this section, the owner shall forward to the construction lender, if
any, at the address provided in the construction loan agreement, a
copy of the notice by first-class mail.
Upon resolution of the dispute or cancellation of the 10-day
notice by the original contractor, the original contractor shall
post, in a conspicuous location at the job site and at the main
office, and serve a notice to inform the subcontractors with whom the
original contractor has a direct contractual relationship of this
resolution or cancellation.
(b) The original contractor's right to stop work pursuant to this
section is in addition to any and all other rights the original
contractor may have under the law.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision, the original contractor
or his or her surety, or subcontractor or his or her surety, shall
not be liable for any delays or damages that the owner or contractor
of a subcontractor may suffer as a result of the original contractor
serving the owner with a 10-day stop work order, and subsequently
stopping work for nonpayment if all of the posting and notice
requirements described in subdivision (a) are met. An original
contractor's or original subcontractor's liability to a subcontractor
or material supplier resulting from the cessation of work under this
section shall be limited to the amount of monetary damages the
subcontractor or material supplier could recover under the mechanic's
lien law for goods and services provided up to the date the
subcontractor ceases work, provided that (1) liability shall continue
for work performed and materials supplied up to and including the
10-day notice period and not beyond, and (2) this provision does not
apply to limit monetary damages for custom work, including materials
which have been fabricated, manufactured, or ordered to
specifications that are unique to the job.
(d) If the payment is not made within 10 days from the date the
notice was served, the original contractor or his or her surety, may
seek a judicial determination of liability for the amount not paid
for work performed in an expedited proceeding in the superior court
in the county in which the private work improvement is located.
(e) It shall be against public policy to waive the provisions of
this section in any written contract for private work of improvement.
(f) This section shall apply to any contract entered into on or
after January 1, 1999. However, nothing in this section shall be
construed to apply to retentions withheld by a lender in accordance
with the construction loan agreement.
(g) The stop work order specified in this section for private
works of improvement may be served as follows:
(1) If the person to be notified resides in this state, by
delivering the stop work order personally, or by leaving it at his or
her address of residence or place of business with some person in
charge, or by first-class registered or certified mail, postage
prepaid, addressed to the person to whom notice is to be given at his
or her residence or place of business address or at the address
shown by the building permit on file with the authority issuing a
building permit for the work, or at an address recorded pursuant to
subdivision (j) of Section 3097.
(2) If the person to be notified of the stop work order does not
reside in this state, by any method enumerated in paragraph (1) of
this subdivision. If the person cannot be served by any of these
methods, then notice may be given by first-class certified or
registered mail, addressed to the construction lender.
(3) Service pursuant to this paragraph by certified mail is
effective upon receipt. Service by registered mail is effective five
days after mailing.
3261.  No mistake or errors in the statement of the demand, or of
the amount of credits and offsets allowed, or of the balance asserted
to be due the claimant, or in the description of the property
against which the lien is recorded, shall invalidate the lien, unless
the court finds that such mistake or error in the statement of the
demand, credits and offsets, or of the balance due, was made with the
intent to defraud, or that an innocent third pary, without notice,
direct or constructive, has since the claim was recorded become the
bona fide owner of the property, and that the notice of claim was so
deficient that it did not put the party on further inquiry in any
3262.  (a) Neither the owner nor original contractor by any term of
a contract, or otherwise, shall waive, affect, or impair the claims
and liens of other persons whether with or without notice except by
their written consent, and any term of the contract to that effect
shall be null and void. Any written consent given by any claimant
pursuant to this subdivision shall be null, void, and unenforceable
unless and until the claimant executes and delivers a waiver and
release. That waiver and release shall be binding and effective to
release the owner, construction lender, and surety on a payment bond
from claims and liens only if the waiver and release follows
substantially one of the forms set forth in this section and is
signed by the claimant or his or her authorized agent, and, in the
case of a conditional release, there is evidence of payment to the
claimant. Evidence of payment may be by the claimant's endorsement on
a single or joint payee check that has been paid by the bank upon
which it was drawn or by written acknowledgment of payment given by
the claimant.
(b) (1) No oral or written statement purporting to waive, release,
impair, or otherwise adversely affect a claim is enforceable or
creates any estoppel or impairment of a claim unless either:
(A) It is pursuant to a waiver and release prescribed in this
(B) The claimant had actually received payment in full for the
claim.
(2) Nothing in this section precludes a stop notice claimant from
reducing the amount of, or releasing in its entirety, a stop notice
that has been served upon an owner. The reduction or release of a
stop notice, which shall be in writing, may be served in a form other
than the forms of release set forth in this section. Any reduction
or release of a stop notice:
(A) Shall not preclude the service of a subsequent stop notice
that is timely and proper.
(B) Shall release the owner from any obligation to withhold money
on account of the stop notice, to the extent of the reduction or
(C) Shall be effective to release the claimant's right to enforce
the stop notice, to the extent of the reduction or release.
(D) Shall not operate as a release of any right that the claimant
may have, other than the claimant's right to enforce the stop notice,
to the extent of the reduction or release.
(c) This section does not affect the enforceability of either an
accord and satisfaction regarding a bona fide dispute or any
agreement made in settlement of an action pending in any court
provided the accord and satisfaction or agreement and settlement make
specific reference to the mechanic's lien, stop notice, or bond
claims.
(d) The waiver and release given by any claimant pursuant to this
section shall be null, void, and unenforceable unless it follows
substantially the following forms in the following circumstances:
(1) If the claimant is required to execute a waiver and release in
exchange for, or in order to induce the payment of, a progress
payment and the claimant is not, in fact, paid in exchange for the
waiver and release or a single payee check or joint payee check is
given in exchange for the waiver and release, the waiver and release
shall follow substantially the following form:
CONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE UPON PROGRESS
Upon receipt by the undersigned of a check from
_________________________________in the sum of $
(Maker of Check)           (Amount of Check)
payable to_______________________________________
(Payee or Payees of Check)
and when the check has been properly endorsed
and has been paid by the bank upon which it is
drawn, this document shall become effective to
release any mechanic's lien, stop notice, or
bond right the undersigned has on the job of
_________located at____________________
(Owner)            (Job Description)
to the following extent. This release covers a
progress payment for labor, services, equipment,
or material furnished to
_________________________________________through
(Your Customer)                           (Date)
only and does not cover any retentions retained
before or after the release date; extras
furnished before the release date for which
payment has not been received; extras or items
furnished after the release date. Rights based
upon work performed or items furnished under a
written change order which has been fully
executed by the parties prior to the release
date are covered by this release unless
specifically reserved by the claimant in this
release. This release of any mechanic's lien,
stop notice, or bond right shall not otherwise
affect the contract rights, including rights
between parties to the contract based upon a
rescission, abandonment, or breach of the
contract, or the right of the undersigned to
recover compensation for furnished labor,
services, equipment, or material covered by this
release if that furnished labor, services,
equipment, or material was not compensated by
the progress payment. Before any recipient of
this document relies on it, said party should
verify evidence of payment to the undersigned.
Dated:__________________________________ ________
(Company
Name)
By______
exchange for, or in order to induce payment of, a progress payment
and the claimant asserts in the waiver it has, in fact, been paid the
progress payment, the waiver and release shall follow substantially
the following form:
UNCONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE
PROGRESS PAYMENT
The undersigned has been paid and has received a
progress payment in the sum of $____ for labor,
services, equipment, or material furnished
_______________________________________on the job
of_______________________________________________
(Your Customer)                          (Owner)
located at______________________________and
(Job Description)
does hereby release any mechanic's lien, stop
notice, or bond right that the undersigned has
on the above referenced job to the following
extent. This release covers a progress payment
for labor, services, equipment, or materials
________________________through__________
(Your Customer)              (Date)
the progress payment.
Dated:______________ ____________________________
(Company Name)
By__________________________
Each unconditional waiver in this provision
shall contain the following language, in at
least as large a type as the largest type
otherwise on the document:
"NOTICE:  THIS DOCUMENT WAIVES RIGHTS
UNCONDITIONALLY AND STATES THAT YOU HAVE BEEN
PAID FOR GIVING UP THOSE RIGHTS. THIS DOCUMENT
IS ENFORCEABLE AGAINST YOU IF YOU SIGN IT, EVEN
IF YOU HAVE NOT BEEN PAID. IF YOU HAVE NOT BEEN
PAID, USE A CONDITIONAL RELEASE FORM."
exchange for, or in order to induce the payment of, a final payment
and the claimant is not, in fact, paid in exchange for the waiver and
release or a single payee check or joint payee check is given in
exchange for the waiver and release, the waiver and release shall
follow substantially the following form:
CONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE UPON
Upon receipt by the undersigned of a check
from_______________________________________in the
sum of $____ payable to _______ and when the
check has been properly endorsed and has been
paid by the bank upon which it is drawn, this
document shall become effective to release any
mechanic's lien, stop notice, or bond right the
undersigned has on the job of
______________________________________located at
(Owner)                         (Job Description)
This release covers the final payment to the
undersigned for all labor, services, equipment,
or material furnished on the job, except for
disputed claims for additional work in the
amount of $____. Before any recipient of this
document relies on it, the party should verify
evidence of payment to the undersigned.
exchange for, or in order to induce payment of, a final payment and
the claimant asserts in the waiver it has, in fact, been paid the
final payment, the waiver and release shall follow substantially the
following form:
UNCONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE UPON
The undersigned has been paid in full for all
labor, services, equipment, or material
furnished to
___________________________________on the job of
(Your                   (Owner)
Customer)
located at_______________________________and does
hereby waive and release any right to a
mechanic's lien, stop notice, or any right
against a labor and material bond on the job,
except for disputed claims for extra work in the
amount of $ ________.
Dated:___ _______________________________________
By_____________________________________
"NOTICE: THIS DOCUMENT WAIVES RIGHTS
3262.5.  (a) Any person or corporation which has contracted to do
business with a public utility, hereafter referred to in this section
as a contractor, shall pay any subcontractors within 15 working days
of receipt of each progress payment from the public utility, unless
otherwise agreed in writing by the parties, the respective amounts
allowed the contractor on account of the work performed by the
subcontractors, to the extent of each of the subcontractors' interest
in that work. In the event that there is a good faith dispute over
all or any portion of the amount due on a progress payment from a
contractor to a subcontractor, then the contractor may withhold no
more than 150 percent of the disputed amount.
(b) Any contractor who violates this section shall pay to the
subcontractor a penalty of 2 percent of the disputed amount due per
month for every month that payment is not made. In any action for the
collection of funds wrongfully withheld, the prevailing party shall
be entitled to his or her attorney's fees and costs.
(c) This section shall not be construed to limit or impair any
contractual, administrative, or judicial remedies otherwise available
to a contractor or a subcontractor in the event of a dispute
involving late payment or nonpayment by a contractor, or deficient
performance or nonperformance by a subcontractor.
3263.  No act done by an owner in good faith and in compliance with
any of the provisions of this title shall be held to be a prevention
of the performance of any contract between the owner and an original
contractor by an original contractor, or to exonerate the sureties on
any bond given for faithful performance or for the payment of
claimants.
3264.  The rights of all persons furnishing labor, services,
equipment, or materials for any work of improvement, with respect to
any fund for payment of construction costs, are governed exclusively
by Chapters 3 (commencing with Section 3156) and 4 (commencing with
Section 3179) of this title, and no person may assert any legal or
equitable right with respect to such fund, other than a right created
by direct written contract between such person and the person
holding the fund, except pursuant to the provisions of such chapters.
3265.  The claim filing procedures set forth in Part 3 (commencing
with Section 900) of Division 3.6 of Title 1 of the Government Code
do not apply to actions commenced pursuant to Section 3210 of this
3266.  (a) This title does not supersede the Oil and Gas Lien Act,
Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 1203.50), Title 4, Part 3, of
the Code of Civil Procedure, and the provisions of that act shall
govern those transactions to which it applies rather than the
provisions of this title.
(b) This title does not supersede Chapter 12 (commencing with
Section 5290), Part 3, Division 7, of the Streets and Highways Code,
and the provisions of that chapter shall govern those transactions to
which it applies rather than the provisions of this title.
3267.  Nothing contained in this title shall be construed to give to
any person any right of action on any original contractor's private
or public work payment bond described in Chapter 6 (commencing with
Section 3235) or Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 3247), unless the
work forming the basis for his claim was performed by such person
for the principal on such payment bond, or one of his subcontractors,
pursuant to the contract between the original contractor and the
owner.
Nothing in this section shall affect the stop notice rights of,
and relative priorities among, architects, registered engineers, or
licensed land surveyors and holders of secured interests on the land.
Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. California may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.


text:
#include "SkTraceMemoryDump.h"

#include "Test.h"

/*
 * Build test for SkTraceMemoryDump.
 */
class TestSkTraceMemoryDump : public SkTraceMemoryDump {
public:
    TestSkTraceMemoryDump() { }
    ~TestSkTraceMemoryDump() override { }

    void dumpNumericValue(const char* dumpName, const char* valueName, const char* units,
                          uint64_t value) override { }
    void setMemoryBacking(const char* dumpName, const char* backingType,
                          const char* backingObjectId) override { }
    void setDiscardableMemoryBacking(
        const char* dumpName,
        const SkDiscardableMemory& discardableMemoryObject) override { }
    LevelOfDetail getRequestedDetails() const override {
        return SkTraceMemoryDump::kObjectsBreakdowns_LevelOfDetail;
    }
};

DEF_TEST(SkTraceMemoryDump, reporter) {
    TestSkTraceMemoryDump x;
    x.dumpNumericValue("foobar", "size", "bytes", 42);
    if (x.getRequestedDetails() == SkTraceMemoryDump::kObjectsBreakdowns_LevelOfDetail) {
        x.dumpNumericValue("foobar/object1", "size", "bytes", 23);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You're going to love this easy Vegan Mushroom Gravy Recipe! All the savory flavors of a classic gravy, but 100% plant based. Ready in 20 minutes from start to finish!
I'm addicted to French fries.
Yep. This affliction hit me hard. Seriously, I can't go more than a few days without caving in and making a huge batch of fries.
While I realize that I have to take partial ownership for my fried potato dependence, it's not all my fault.
More specifically, I blame Quebec. You see, every time we visit Caroline's friends and family in Montreal, I EAT POUTINE LIKE IT'S MY JOB.
For the uninitiated, poutine is a simple, perfect trinity of ingredients: French fries and cheese curds smothered in savory brown gravy. Sounds pretty pedestrian, right? But it's one of those deceptively perfect things in the food world.
Much like slices of pizza to a New Yorker, poutine is that awesome utility food, great for lunch or a boozy late night snack in Montreal.
And it's got the hooks in me.
Actually, poutine is the one reason I will probably never be able to call myself a true vegan. Because, although the lion's share of my diet is plant based, there's still the cheese curds and gravy I can't ignore.
Since (good) cheese curds are a little hard to come by in Brooklyn, I've taken to eating my fries alone with gravy. It's a delicious combo. Hey, I know you know what I'm talking about.
She had been working on a clandestine vegan gravy experiment – and wanted my input.
The moment I tried a savory, velvety spoonful of her vegan mushroom gravy, I knew that this was the future for me and my French fry addiction.
I know what you might be thinking… seriously – how good can vegetarian gravy actually be??
Well, I was right there with you until I tried this impossibly savory mushroom gravy.
However, the key is science.
You see, mushrooms are absolutely loaded with earthy umami flavor properties. And it turns out that umami (the elusive Japanese fifth taste) is also present in things like cooked meats and meat based broth – which subsequently are the very things used to make traditional gravy.
So the flavors in this vegan mushroom gravy are deep and homey, but don't rely on meat to get there. It's absolutely satisfying, and 100% plant based.
Therefore, I'm guessing it may surprise you that there are no actual mushrooms in this easy vegetarian recipe.
That's right, the heavy lifting in this mushroom gravy is done by using broth. Mushroom broth has the distilled essence of mushrooms at its core. So, while you could steep your own dried mushrooms for hours at home – you can also just pick some broth up at the grocery store and get right to work.
The end result is a thick, smooth mushroom sauce that tastes like a cross between a savory golden mushroom soup and a classic beef gravy.
So, how easy is it to make?
Well, when Caroline showed me how to make this easy vegan mushroom gravy (yeah, I learned how to do it on my own, because fries), I was shocked at how dead-simple it was to make from scratch.
Wanna learn how to make homemade gravy? Wanna keep your mushroom gravy vegan? Turns out those two things aren't mutually exclusive. So, follow along!
In a pot over medium-high heat get two tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil and two tablespoons of vegan butter going.
Once the vegan butter has melted, add a small chopped onion, a small chopped carrot and a stalk of chopped celery to the pot and cook for about 10 minutes or so – until the veggies have softened.
Now, slowly sprinkle a half-cup of all purpose flour over the veggies as you stir. Once you've added it all, stir the mixture constantly for 3-4 minutes until your flour is golden brown.
At this point, whisk in 4¼ cups of mushroom broth, 1½ tablespoon of soy sauce, ½ tablespoon of mirin and a pinch of kosher salt.
Bring to a boil and stir occasionally for 3-4 minutes. Then simply grab a mesh strainer and strain your gravy into a serving container. The resulting vegan mushroom gravy is smooth (lump-free, yay!) and ready to serve.
And aside from the umami deliciousness, I think you'll also love how versatile it is.
What does this vegan mushroom gravy recipe go with?
Sure, this is an amazing mushroom gravy for mashed potatoes. And French fries. Seriously, poutine will never be the same for me.
I have found my gravy muse.
Hmmm… kinda weird that I said that, right?
Anyway, you could enjoy this vegan gravy with something super healthy like low-carb cauliflower mashed potatoes – or something more indulgent like another French Canadian classic… tourtiere.
To be fair, the possibilities are pretty endless.
What will you put this vegan mushroom gravy on in your house? Let us hear about it in the comments!
As the holidays approach, a ton of people are probably getting ready to fix up feasts for their families and closest friends. There's nothing better than breaking bread with your besties – and maybe passing out in front of a football game afterwards.
I'm a big sucker for Thanksgiving. Always have been.
These days, it's pretty common to have a vegetarian or vegan coming to dinner.
There may be a few panicked Google searches in the weeks leading up to Thanksgiving like… Can vegans eat gravy?
Don't worry! The answer is yes (and the recipe is below).
Well, I've made Caroline's recipe twice now.
Yes. Both times with French fries.
And, I've gotta tell you, I'm smitten. This savory mushroom gravy recipe isn't one of those vegan recipes that's close enough to the original that it'll do.
Nope. This is a full flavored recipe that is practically indistinguishable from mom's homemade pot roast gravy. The deep, rich flavor and velvety texture are there.
So make it with confidence.
Did you like this Vegan Mushroom Gravy Recipe? Are there changes you made that you would like to share? Share your tips and recommendations in the comments section below!
An easy Vegan Mushroom Gravy Recipe with all the savory flavors of a classic gravy, but 100% plant based. Ready in 20 minutes.
In a pot over medium high heat, add olive oil and vegan butter. When the butter has melted, add onions, carrots and celery, and cook for 8-10 minutes, until vegetables are tender.
Sprinkle flour, and stir constantly for 3-4 minutes, until the flour is golden brown.
Slowly whisk in mushroom broth, soy sauce, mirin and salt, and bring to a boil. Boil for 2-3 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Turn the heat off and pass through a fine mesh strainer. Discard the veggies. Serve.
You can store leftovers of this vegan mushroom gravy in the fridge for 5-7 days.


The MBP 11 is an easy to use baby monitor from Motorola, which utilises 1.8 GHz DECT technology clear sound free from interference and a dependable range so that you can hear your baby comfortably anywhere in your home. An out of range warning will alert you should you happen to stray too far from the baby's unit, whilst the sound activated LED's will alert you visually to any sound picked up by the highly sensitive mic in baby's room.
The parent unit comes with a convenient belt-clip and stand for so can be kept on your person or set down easily, and is equipped with rechargeable batteries and an energy saving Eco mode. The MBP 11 also comes with integrated data-encryption for your security and peace of mind.
For a basic and easy-to-use Digital Baby Monitor the Motorola MBP 11 offers great quality at an affordable price.
It has a nice compact design, and for the price the quality is excellent. Both the range and sound on the mobile unit is brilliant. Would highly recommend! There was an issue with delivery but it was dealt with by liGo courteously and professionally - great service!