The Mid-Hudson Civic Center is a not-for-profit community organization dedicated to providing cultural, recreational and educational opportunities to the Hudson Valley. It is a dual venue comprised of Mair Hall and McCann Ice Arena. Mair Hall is a 15,475 square foot space with the capacity to host 3,050 spectators and large expos and trade shows.
The McCann Ice Arena serves youth organizations, leagues and individuals for both recreational and competitive figure skating and ice hockey, and offers ice slots, group and private lesson, public skating sessions and private parties.
Click image for enlarged version.
The Mid-Hudson Civic Center Box Office is open Monday through Friday 10am-5:30 pm with the exception of holidays. If an event happens to fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the box office will be open for sales on that day. If the start time of the event is after regular hours, the Box Office will remain open through the event.
Will Call tickets may be picked up one hour prior to the doors opening. The customer must present a valid ID and the Credit Card used to purchase the tickets.
The Box office accepts Cash, Master Card, Visa and Discover.
Parking is available for all Mid- Hudson Civic Center events at the City of Poughkeepsie Municipal lots located between the Civic Center and The Poughkeepsie Grand Hotel and directly across the street. The parking fee charges vary.


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Echo Lake, Ulster
Echo Lake, Ulster FISHING Weather Forecast
Echo Lake, Ulster Current weather report
Poughkeepsie Newburgh Montgomery Pittsfield
Wind: 15 km/h from NNE
Cloud: 0%
Today's weather is turning out to be partly cloudy. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1035 mb . The daytime temperature is going to reach -5 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -10 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 3% of the sky, the humidity will be around 46%.
7 km/h NNW
Tomorrow weather is forecasted to be heavy snow. The visibility is going to be around 6 km i.e. 3 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1025 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach -6 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -14 °c at night. We expect around 2.9 mm of precipitation to fall and cloud covering 86% of the sky, the humidity will be around 69%.
8 km/h S
On Sunday weather will be partly cloudy with daytime temperature reaching 2 °c. Night time temperature are expected to be -6 °c.It will be dry with no precipitation. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1005 mb. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 38% of the sky, the humidity will be around 77%.
9 km/h WSW
Monday seems to be partly cloudy. Echo Lake, Ulster, United States of America visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1012 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach -2 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -7 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 61% of the sky, the humidity will be around 68%.
5 km/h W
Patchy light snow
Patchy light snow will be the weather pattern for the Tuesday. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1017 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach -7 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -15 °c at night. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation and cloud covering 61% of the sky, the humidity will be around 64%.
Weekly Weather Report for Echo Lake, Ulster, United States of America
Looking at the weather in Echo Lake, Ulster, United States of America over the next 7 days, the maximum temperature will be 2℃ (or 36℉) on Sunday 19th January at around 2 am. In the same week the minimum temperature will be -16℃ (or 3℉) on Wednesday 22nd January at around 8 am.
The national weather service for Echo Lake, Ulster, United States of America is reporting Saturday 18th January to be the wettest day in the coming week with around 1.50mm (or 0.1 inches) of rainfall. Make sure to carry an umbrella if you are out and about in Echo Lake, Ulster, United States of America.
The windiest of all days will be Friday 17th January as wind will reach 12mph (or 19kmph) at around 5 am.
Echo Lake, Ulster Weather Video
Echo Lake, Ulster Today, Tomorrow and next 14 day Weather Forecast
10 Day Weather Forecast Echo Lake, Ulster
Moderate or heavy snow showers
9 km/h WNW
8 km/h ENE
Echo Lake, Ulster, United States of America Yearly Monthly Climate Weather Averages
Please also visit Echo Lake, Ulster Historical Weather, Weather widget and Weather Charts pages. Historical or past weather forecast page provides historical weather forecast from 1st July, 2008 till now in 3 hourly interval. Text weather page will allow you to get a weather text summary for next 14 days and weather chart page displays weather pattern like temperature, wind speed, gust, pressure, etc. in graphical mode for next 14 days. We hope you like it.
Looking to buy past/historical weather for Echo Lake, Ulster, please visit Buy Historical Weather Data section.
West Saugerties
Platte Clove
Columbia County Airport
Dutchess County Airport
Woodstock Golf Club
Rip Van Winkle Country Club
Rentschler Field, East Hartford
Western Mass Pioneers
Saugerties Reservoir, Ulster

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Subject: Cultural contexts [x]
Publisher: new [x]
berryman (5)
reweti (1)
s.bateman (1)
woller (1)
M. Berryman (2009) Set Research information for teachers: The Te Kotahitanga effective teaching profile. New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER)
Through interviews with Māori students, their teachers, and whānau, the authors learned about the characteristics of teachers that made a difference. They have drawn these together into the Effective Teaching Profile. Set Research Information for Teachers. Set 2009: no. 2 pp 27-33. New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
M. Berryman & S.Bateman (2007) Effective bicultural leadership: A way to restore harmony at school and avoid suspension. New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER)
This paper examines how a mainstream school principal supported by a Māori elder undertook hui whakatika procedures with teachers and family, rather than standing down or suspending a group of boys. SET Research Information for Teachers, 2008 No. 1, 25-29. Available online.
M. Berryman & P. Woller (2007) RĀPP: Tape-assisted reading to support students' literacy in Māori in two bilingual schools.. New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER)
A literacy project aimed to raise the reading achievement of Māori students was conducted using Ripene Āwhina ki te Pānui Pukapuka (RĀPP), a tape-assisted reading resource for students learning to read in te reo Māori. SET Research Information for Teachers (2007) No. 2, 19-23.
R. Bishop & M. Berryman (2005) The Te Kotahitanga Effective Teaching Profile. Secondary Principals' Association of New Zealand (SPANZ)
The Te Kotahitanga Effective Teaching Profile. SPANZ Journal August /September 2005 (Journal of the Secondary Principals' Association of New Zealand). This journal is currently not available online. Contact your local library or the University of Waikato for advice on obtaining this article. (Information about the Te Kotahitanga Effective Teaching Profile can be found online in other publications, eg SET Research Information for Teachers No. 1, 19-23).
M. Berryman & R. Walker & M. Reweti & K. O'Brien & S. Weiss (2000) An ecological approach to understanding behaviour: Comprehensive and culturally appropriate strategies towards student success. New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER)
This article briefly explores some of the conceptual models developed to help teachers work with young people who present challenging behaviours. It offers a culturally appropriate educational strategy that can be applied in the home, school, and community to lead towards student success. SET Research Information for Teachers (2000) No. 2, 35-38.
R. Bishop (2008) GPILSEO: A model for sustainable educational reform. In New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies. v43, no2.. New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER)
Bishop, R., (2008) GPILSEO: A model for sustainable educational reform. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies. v43, no2, NZCER Press (pp. 47-62). This article provides a model that addresses the concerns of both culturalist and structuralist positions for educational reform at classroom, school and system-wide levels. Contact your local library or University of Waikato for advice on obtaining this article.


Last year I ran into Ariane Sherine. She had found that no charity would publicly take money from a book written by atheists at Christmas, since Christians give so much money for good work, and they didn't want to annoy them. Luckily the Terence Higgins Trust stepped up to this bizarre challenge, which is excellent, because Aids is important, and THT do good stuff (especially on education), and they hold the line on evidence and common sense, as witnessed by their immediate response of "yes please" when offered cash. So, support THT, buy it now. There are chapters by Simon le Bon, Charlie Brooker, Richard Dawkins, David Baddiel, AC Grayling, and many many more. My chapter is below, it is about the power of ideas alone to do good and harm, and it is filled with mawkish Christmas cheer. In other news, Manto Tshabala-Msimang – South Africa's health minister, who presided over that horrific period of institutionalised Aids denialism – has died today. You will have your own thoughts.
Parliamentary select committees are one of the few places where you can see politicians sitting down and doing the kind of thing you'd actually want them to do, like thinking carefully about policy. This week the science and technology committee delivered its report on scientific developments relating to the Abortion Act, and even as a man with a very low boredom threshold, I genuinely recommend reading it for pleasure: because it is a masterclass in spotting fallacious science, and that is exactly what was offered up, in spades, by the anti-abortion activists who gave evidence.


Hand made pippy Scottish elm bed and matching side tables upholstered in a fine silver herringbone from Ardalanish Isle of Mull weavers, a fine artisan traditional weavers. Petrel Furniture has designed this fine bed and side table set to commission for a London based client. The bed has custom fittings which tighten the frame as its used ensuring the bed remains solid for many years to come.
A Scottish celebration of Elm and fine tweed coming together to make a comfortable king size bed and matching side tables.
The legs on both the bed and the tables are hand shaped and share the same elegant curve, creating balance across the pieces.
Copper gilding is used as a highlight on the table top edging, which beautifully reflects light and shows off the elm pattern. This interesting and luxurious touch will come to life when illuminated by a lamp.
The tweed comes from Ardalanish, a small weavers from the Isle of Mull, upholstered into a frame of character elm.
Technical notes: The legs for the bed and tables were cut from the same substantial board to ensure a consistency in colour and grain. The board contained many beautiful pippy knots and curls, which were carefully selected for the bed legs.
The bed slats are made from English Ash set in two frames, to ensure they remain in place, whilst allowing for easy movement and fitting.
Drawers are traditionally made with lapped dovetails and lined in fragrant cedar of Lebanon. Pulls are turned by hand.


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The Institute for Policy, Advocacy, and Governance
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Letter from a possible climate-change migrant
Post Date: December 12, 2015
Author: Syed Munir Khasru
Area of Work: Energy Environment And Natural Resources
Dear Global Leaders and Activists,
As you continue efforts in Paris to produce a meaningful deal over climate change, the future of vulnerable countries hangs in the balance. Against such a background, this letter comes from a potential climate-change migrant seeking shelter in other countries in a future that may not be as distant as it seems.
As weather whiplashes make places unliveable, people like us are faced with stark choices of relocation or death. Being a citizen of Bangladesh, a low-lying deltaic country that ranks among the most vulnerable to climate change, I can see my shadow in the long queues of desperate Syrian refugees flooding the borders of Europe.
Last year saw the highest level of greenhouse gas emissions and the largest number of refugees in history, with around half being children. The first half of this year has been the hottest on record, with unusual heatwaves killing over 1,200 in Pakistan and more than 2,000 in India. Since 2008, 161 countries have suffered from environmental disasters due to climate change causing mass displacement of people. The average number of people displaced from 2008 to 2013 is 27 million a year, but that could rise to 200 million once the full impact is felt.
The World Bank reports that climate change will cause extreme and frequent heatwaves and droughts, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, intensifying shortage of water, crop failure, food crisis and famine. The war and mass emigration from Syria are partly due to climate change. The 2007 to 2010 drought and crop failure led to the displacement of farmers, fuelling the conflict and uprising in Syria. If this is the scenario after the global temperature has risen only a fraction of a degree C, then the consequences of a 2 to 4 deg C temperature rise are fairly predictable.
Bangladesh is a low-lying deltaic country that is vulnerable to climate change. According to a recent estimate, 20 million people from Bangladesh will be displaced and 17 per cent of the land will be submerged in the coming decades. PHOTO: AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Low-lying deltaic regions and coastal countries like Bangladesh are most vulnerable. According to a recent estimate, 20 million people from Bangladesh will be displaced and 17 per cent of the land submerged in the coming decades. The International Organisation for Migration estimates that 500,000 people move to Dhaka every year. Seventy per cent of the slum dwellers have moved due to environmental reasons such as salinisation and destruction of livelihoods or increasing frequency and scale of natural disasters.
About 40 million people live on the coasts of Bangladesh and populated islands like Kutubdia face the threat of disappearance within five decades.
Anthropogenic climate change would dwarf the exodus caused by genocide in the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war, when 10 million refugees left their homeland in search of safety. Small island-nation Kiribati's President Anote Tong made a poignant observation on the possibility of the drowning of his homeland and his people taking shelter in Fiji.
The prospect of climate change-induced genocide, a term that refers to the wiping out of lives and livelihoods of whole populations, looms large on the horizon.
Paris holds good promises that can be realised only if all sides deliver on their professed good intentions. Half-hearted measures or an incremental approach will not do and the deal should have some teeth. Unless the COP 21 negotiations bar global warming at 1.5 to 2 deg C, the planet's survival would be at stake and the world should start getting prepared for the ultimate migrant crisis, that is, the climate-change migrant crisis.
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon has said: "Climate change carries no passport; emissions released anywhere contribute to the problem everywhere."
If world leaders fail to rise to the occasion in Paris, then the flood of climate-change migrants is inevitable. When the time comes, no one should blame migrants from countries like Bangladesh when we come knocking at the door looking for food and shelter.
The time to act is now, to prevent a catastrophe which will make the current migrant crisis look like a tea party. Time and tide wait for none, nor does the warming air, melting ice, rising sea, drifting land mass and, ultimately, shifting people. For those opting for the wait-and-see approach, by the time they realise and act, we may very well be on our way to crossing their borders. I would consider this open letter as my visa to one of those countries whose leaders did nothing when it mattered as my family and I lost all that we had – home, country and hope.
Mr. Syed Munir Khasru is chairman of the international think tank, The Institute for Policy, Advocacy, and Governance (IPAG). munir.khasru@ipag.org
Weblink: http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/letter-from-a-possible-climate-change-migrant
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Q: "404 not found" error on wordpress posts after click I have developed a wordpress theme and I have posted some posts but Whenever i click on any post then I am getting "404 not found" , "The requested URL /wordpress/demo-post/ was not found on this server." . Since i new to wordpress development so I am not able to solve this issue .
Please suggest how I can solve this .

A: This is often down to permalinks not being set correctly. In the admin area, head to Settings->Permalinks, choose a style and hit save. Then confirm that your .htaccess file contains this at the top:
# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END WordPress

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Hammer-On technique is usually utilized to bridge notes together... or for killer solos. For this library it is the sole articulation used and played on a stratocaster which has been cleanly recorded and multisampled.
There are no loops here (save for one patch), each patch contains meticulously recorded and mastered multisamples as played on a strat.
As this sort of play style is normally not showcased giving this instrument a very unique sound and timbre not found anywhere else. Just check out the two demos below, EVERYTHING heard is from Hammer-On.
Consisting of 13 patches, Hammer-On can sound soft and sweet, creepy, or up tension in an action scene. If you play in the higher ranges it can even sound ethnic, similar to a dulcimer. The GUI has controls for EQ (bass, mid, hi), reverb (a huge hall convolution reverb), and attack. The attack and EQ knobs can drastically alter the sound and vibe of each patch.
Hammer-On is NOT your average guitar library. Yes, it does contain multisampled electric guitar patches, but it is aimed squarely at cinematic and video game scores than producing authentic rock ballads.
Cool, solid and very affordable.


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INTERVIEW: ESYA
by Kate Crudgington
Performing under her new moniker ESYA, Ayşe Hassan (Savages, Kite Bass, 180dbm) has been busy crafting electronic sounds designed to delve in to the obscure and absurd nature of life. Having recently self-released her second EP titled Absurdity of ATCG (I), her trademark thunderous basslines are now fused with urgent synths and brooding vocals which captivate by their marked urgency to tell the truth.
Propelled by her desire to always be creating, her new (and older) projects are as eclectic as her influences; ranging from Gazelle Twin to Hannah Peel. We caught up with Ayşe before her headline gig at Hackney venue The Glove That Fits to talk about her new EP, her plans for the year, and what first inspired her to venture in to electronic music…
Hello Ayşe, what are your anticipations for tonight's ESYA gig at The Glove That Fits?
With this project, it's brand new because it's electronic and I'm singing, so I have slightly different concerns compared to if I was just playing bass. I just want to make sure that everything sits correctly in the mix, which is hard as I'm behind the speakers so I have to trust the sound engineer. I'm excited. I really enjoy doing something that scares me. I feel scared again – in the good way – in the fluttery way when you play in front of people and you're nervous.
You released your first EP Absurdity Of Being last year. How does your new EP – Absurdity of Atcg, Pt. 1 – differ? What have you learned in the interim between the two releases?
The whole idea of the EPs is that they're going to be a trio. The first one focused on the construction of the voice, which is my voice and the fact I've never really sang live before. This must be the fifteenth time I've sang live. The second EP focuses more on electronics which is also quite new to me, as I've had to go through this learning curve of learning how to use the equipment I have and how to make it sound good in multiple venues and spaces. The third EP is going to focus more on sounds and bass, so it'll be a record led by bass and electronics, which I'm writing now. I write a bit every day, I'm constantly writing. The difference between the first and the second EP is that with the second one I was more focused writing the electronics. So on the vinyl I decided to put out, I didn't want the first few tracks to have a split, I wanted a continual 16 minute song, because that's how it was originally written.
That sounds really cohesive. The title of your new EP references ATCG – the building blocks in human DNA – how did this influence the sound of your music? It's quite a unique concept.
I think it's just me focusing on what I've been going through in the past 6-8 years. Life is kind of insane, and it's kind of absurd and I feel like the whole concept of it and the experiences we go through have a humour in them, but also a beauty that we're all here on this planet and it's all a bit mind-blowing. On a more microscopic level – or not [laughs] – being in a band like Savages and playing to thousands of people, and then basically going back to starting something [like ESYA] from scratch is kind of absurd. I find it funny in a strange way because you should never be too comfortable, life has a funny was of messing around with you.
I think the ATCG title is fitting because everything that I sing about on the two records is a reference to the life that I lead, so I feel like it encapsulates every kind experience. There's so many angles that I was looking at that title from, and I really liked that it could mean so many things to so many different people. Depending on your own experiences, it's quite ambiguous. I felt that was also relevant to what I was going through and I wanted to express that all of this is absurd so just enjoy life.
Sounds great. What kind of reaction have you had from fans and critics so far?
I self-released both records, so I've had a limited budget and I've been working in order to earn the money to put out my EPs. I've only got 50 vinyl left of the new EP, and I've sold out of the first one which is amazing, and most importantly people are responding well to the music. It's different to what I've done before, you're hearing my voice and everything is recorded by me. I've done everything, which has been a challenge in itself. I'm not a Producer, I've never really recorded myself other than to write demos, so it's been a huge learning curve which I've found quite empowering.
One thing that used to frustrate me in the past with other records, is that I felt like I didn't have as much control as I would've liked. There's so much beauty in imperfection, so [the recording] doesn't have to be perfect. The vocals on both EPs were recorded with just a handheld microphone, so it's pretty lo-fi if you compare it to a studio record. The bass is recorded in a similar way as well, and I love that. I feel like we're bombarded with over-produced stuff at the moment and I wanted it to be honest. I've worked a job that I don't particularly like in order to put this record out there, and it's really amazing that people have purchased it. I really appreciate that.
Having been on a label before, it's really interesting to see the differences and learn how to navigate an environment without the help of a label. PR was a big thing, when you're doing it yourself you have to think of everything. How to be creative with getting the word out. I come from a very particular world where I started playing punk bass and have always done things myself, and then being in a band where we were lucky enough to have the support of a big label, and then going back to doing it all myself – I have a lot of respect for musicians who don't have that kind of support. Because it's hard, really hard.
Being in different bands sounds like it's taught you a lot then. From Savages, Kite Base, 180db, and now your new solo project – can you talk me through how each has led to the other? What's different between what you've released before, and the music you're writing now?
I absolutely love playing live, so me creating this new project was born out of the frustration of being on other people's schedules. I can't control when other people need to rest and I do respect that, but also for myself I need to keep playing live, it's in my blood. Even when I was a teenager I used to put on shows in my house at house parties and get friends bands to come over and play – my neighbours hated it! I was originally thinking with this new project that I was just going to do living room shows, nothing at a venue. So I can go back to really being up close to people and doing the things I've missed doing for so many years. It's that intensity when you're close to people who really love music, and it's just you and them, so close to each other.
With Savages I was a bass player, but we all came together to write. I knew at some point because we'd been touring so intensely people would need to take a rest, so midway through that time I started Kite Base, because I wanted to have another option of being able to tour and play. Also, when you're with three other people who are as passionate about the music you make it can be complicated, it can be amazing but it can be dysfunctional.
With Kite Base it was easier because we were a duo, two halves make a whole! We achieved some really cool things, we put out a record that I love, and we supported Nine Inch Nails [on their American tour] last year which was incredible. That was just the most ultimate of dreams. To actually be able to achieve that in a slightly different way was really special to me. Kite Base was self-funded and we went through stages of having managers and not having managers, so it was another short sharp lesson of how to use what I'd learned through Savages and put it in to practice, which I think is a really great thing to do. We sorted everything for ourselves so it was quite intense. The cost to get out there, and bearing in mind we were self-funding everything, we knew there was no way we weren't going to say yes to the tour – but the logistics were quite stressful at points. If my visa got turned down, I would've cried!
Alongside that, me and Faye [Savages' drummer] decided to write together. I love working with Faye, I really connect with her so we thought we'd do collaborations. We're working on a record at the moment and it will feature lots of guest singers, people who we admire, and we're really happy with the people we've worked with so far. My first shows [as EYSA] were just in living rooms performing to friends in America after the Nine Inch Nails tour, just to try out whether I could sing live. I knew I was going to put out an EP because I had so much material and I didn't want to waste it.
That's interesting, with the singing, did you always know you could sing? Or was it a confidence issue? Or something that you picked up along the way?
I always wanted to focus solely on one thing. I didn't want to sing while I was playing bass because I wanted to focus my whole attention on playing one instrument and to lose myself, which I did. I remember many years ago Jehnny [Savages lead singer] joked about me having a mic and I remember thinking "I do not want to sing". I don't feel like I'm a natural in front of a mic. Maybe it was because I'd never tried it, but it got to a point where I was so frustrated because there were no shows coming up and I didn't know when I'd be performing live again, that I thought I'd just try it. How scary could it be? Turns out, it was quite scary!
I think the way I sing has an honesty to it, and I'm talking about things that mean a lot to me so it wouldn't have worked if someone else was singing it other than me. I remember saying to Jehnny not that long ago that my respect for people who front and sing lead vocals in a band has gone up so much, because having to go through that process is so hard. Even just thinking of the things you say in the spaces between songs! I had a different idea of what that would be before I did it, and it takes a lot of balls. To do it well and master the techniques with the mic and your environment. I've gone from playing my bass with my eyes closed not giving a shit about anything other than performing and playing as well as I can, not worrying about my environment and just losing myself. Also, for practical reasons – I can just get in a car with my synth and my drum machine and that's it. I can be there, and I can sing.
That sounds great too. Who inspired you to first pick up a bass? And who or what got you in to using FM & Analog synths?
With the bass, it was the frustration of wanting to play an instrument but feeling like I couldn't. At the time I was listening to a lot of David Bowie and Nine Inch Nails and I feel like with the bass, it wasn't really one person or one thing that inspired me to play, it was a series of things and influenced by what I was listening to. I remember getting really in to Nirvana and thinking "I just wanna play something". Then I happened to meet someone who needed a bass player, but I couldn't play bass at the time. They were like "you don't have to know how to play bass!" which in the context of the band I didn't really, and I loved that. So I got in to loads of bands who at the time who were just loads of dudes and I was always just the female bass player. Then I got in to a band with Gemma [Savages guitarist] and we had a great lead singer and things were going well, and then when he left Gemma & I wanted to keep going – but I was working full-time and we wanted to play at least three times a week – but then we found Jehnny and then we found Faye, so it all came together. What's really important is that I've always trusted my instincts. I've always known that I love making music, even just for myself. I lose myself in what I'm creating.
What advice would you give to anyone who's trying to learn either of these instruments?
Just do it. Even if you feel like you can't play, there's nothing that's stopping you. You can always learn. With the electronics, you don't have to have super expensive gear. I use a keyboard Yamaha DX reface which is £200, and that's quite cheap compared to other equipment. You can make music from sound recordings, I've done that in the past. Do what feels true to you, you don't have to learn to play an instrument in a particular way, go with what feels right for you. That's what I did with bass, my style has come from not really learning how to play. I play really low, which is terrible for the back, but I always wanted to be able to play like crazy and to be really solid at keeping the rhythm and lose myself in it and enjoy that moment. Over the years, I've been thinking more about tone and stuff, but I think you should do what scares you. If you're scared to play a particular instrument – just do it. Once you've done it, you can just create.
If you'd told me that I'd be singing and playing electronics when I was 16, I'd be like "No way…" so you don't have to stick to one thing. If you connect with an instrument, just go for it. The more you play, the better you get.
That's great advice. What are your plans for the rest of the year?
I'm thinking about playing some more shows that are in record stores and are really intimate, because that terrifies me! Technique-wise, I think that's a really good learning process to go through, and to connect with people. If I can play somewhere where people literally love the records on the shelves around them, that's really sweet.
The third ESYA EP and the record with 180db will probably be coming out later this year too.
Who are you listening to? Recommendations?
Hyperstition duo who are playing with me tonight, they are two members from a Sheffield-based band called Blood Sport who I love.
I also love Gazelle Twin. I went to see her at Red Gallery – it might not be called that anymore, but it's a venue near Old Street – and after she came off stage I was like "CAN YOU SIGN MY VINYL?!" and she was like "are you kidding me?" [laughs]. She's been an inspiration to me actually, because it's just her and her partner live, and she's a Mother as well. I really respect how hard she works and how she juggles all of those things. She's amazing. Her second album Unflesh, that was the soundtrack to my nightmares and I remember telling her that! It comes from a dark place, but it's so powerful. The honesty in it, that's why I was so attached to it.
Hannah Peel, slightly different vibe, but she is incredible too. It's not the typical thing I'd listen to, but the way she plays violin is amazing. I did a tour with her as Kite Base, she played and so did I Speak Machine and after watching them I thought they were both amazing. Tara [of I Speak Machine] is a genius with electronics. These women are pioneers when it comes to electronic music.
Thanks so much to Ayse for answering our questions! Buy your copy of ESYA's EP Absurdity of ATCG (I) here.
Photo Credit: Chiara Ceccaioni
Posted in FeaturesTagged 180 dbm, absurdity of being, ayse hassan, bass players, electronic music, esya, gazelle twin, Hannah Peel, i speak machine, new music, SAVAGES, solo projects, women in music
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Run Media City 5k & 10k – Thursday 25th July 2019 at 7pm!
The race involves laps, the course is flat and quick.
There will be 2 lap for the 5k, 4 laps for the 10k. The course follows the paths and pavements inside the centre of media city. This is not a closed road race.


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Report: Revenue From NYC Red Light Cameras Down
September 18, 2012 / 1:27 PM / CBS New York
NEW YORK (CBSNewYork) -- New York City's red light cameras seem to be catching fewer violators.
Revenue from the city's 150 red light cameras is down 33 percent, according to published reports.
WCBS 880's Rich Lamb reports
Robert Sinclair with AAA New York said while red light locations can be found online, he believes drivers are getting the message that they can't run red lights without consequences.
"They're being more compliant with the regulations. That's what red light camera programs are supposed to do," he told WCBS 880's Rich Lamb.
He said AAA New York generally supports red light cameras as long as they meet certain engineering criteria.
But Sinclair said many yellow light times are too short in New York City given the size of the intersections.
"The yellow light times have to be set up such that they are long enough for the prevailing rate of speed on a given roadway, not the speed limit," he said.
1010 WINS' Stan Brooks reports
While red light citations may be down, Councilman Jimmy Vacca, chair of the transportation committee, said that doesn't mean there are fewer violators.
"We have people who drive too fast and cause danger to themselves and other motorists as well as pedestrians," Vacca told 1010 WINS' Stan Brooks. "There's not a meeting that I go to where I don't hear people mentioning how bad speeding is becoming."
Vacca said drivers have to pay more attention to red lights and speed limits.
Please share your thoughts below...
Rich Lamb
First published on September 18, 2012 / 1:27 PM


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Egypt unveils ancient 'secret keeper' tomb, golden mummy
Did Twitter ignore basic security measures? A cybersecurity expert explains a whistleblower's claims
Apps and WebCybersecurity
Twitter's former security chief, Peiter "Mudge" Zatko, filed a whistleblower complaint with the Securities and Exchange Commission in July 2022, accusing the microblogging platform company of serious security failings. The accusations amplified the ongoing drama of Twitter's potential sale to Elon Musk.
Zatko spent decades as an ethical hacker, private researcher, government adviser and executive at some of the most prominent internet companies and government offices. He is practically a legend in the cybersecurity industry. Because of his reputation, when he speaks, people and governments normally listen – which underscores the seriousness of his complaint against Twitter.
As a former cybersecurity industry practitioner and current cybersecurity researcher, I believe that Zatko's most damning accusations center around Twitter's alleged failure to have a solid cybersecurity plan to protect user data, deploy internal controls to guard against insider threats and ensure the company's systems were current and properly updated.
Zatko also alleged that Twitter executives were less than forthcoming about cybersecurity incidents on the platform when briefing both regulators and the company's board of directors. He claimed that Twitter prioritized user growth over reducing spam and other unwanted content that poisoned the platform and detracted from the user experience. His complaint also expressed concerns about the company's business practices.
CNN interviewed Twitter whistleblower Peiter "Mudge" Zatko.
Alleged security failures
Zatko's allegations paint a disturbing picture of not only the state of Twitter's cybersecurity as a social media platform, but also the security consciousness of Twitter as a company. Both points are relevant given Twitter's position in global communications and the ongoing struggle against online extremism and disinformation.
Australia's average 5G mobile speed is outpacing 4G by 5.3 times: OpenSignal
In Apps and WebGamingSmartphones
on 19 March 2021 3 min read
Perhaps the most significant of Zatko's allegations is his claim that nearly half of Twitter's employees have direct access to user data and Twitter's source code. Time-tested cybersecurity practices don't allow so many people with this level of "root" or "privileged" permission to access sensitive systems and data. If true, this means that Twitter could be ripe for exploitation either from within or by outside adversaries assisted by people on the inside who may not have been properly vetted.
Zatko also alleges that Twitter's data centers may not be as secure, resilient or reliable as the company claims. He estimated that nearly half of Twitter's 500,000 servers around the world lack basic security controls such as running up-to-date and vendor-supported software or encrypting the user data stored on them. He also noted that the company's lack of a robust business continuity plan means that should several of its data centers fail due to a cyber incident or other…
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Many travellers are searching for Map Of Bangkok Things To Do,Bangkok can well be described as a city of humble beginnings. In fact around 200 years ago, it was simply a small trading center and port community. Despite the fact that the city had grown rapidly and become renowned for being a modern and vibrant place, it has impressively retained its splendid and enchanting glory. That's why a visit to Bangkok should be on everyone's bucket list. You can find Map Of Bangkok Things To Do travel information.
Also called Wat Chetuphon, it is a temple that was designed for King Rama in Bangkok hundreds of in the past. It can be considered to be a spot where people can receive feelings, and was considered the first pharmacies in all of the of Bangkok. Also, it is the position of the first university which had been started from a descendent of King Rama, a spot where you could now get not simply traditional medicine but a foot massage at very inexpensive prices. It is actually known mostly to the Temple from the Reclining Buddha which is a Buddha that is certainly lying down perched on his arm. It can be enormous, roughly 15 m high by 45 m long, and can only be viewed in sections due to the size. There are lots of beautiful precious stones that were in lead from the soles from the feet, an overall total variety of 108 stones total. It is a number linked to procession, the wobble from the earth, an issue that is created into most of the temples throughout Thailand.
It is an absolutely beautiful structure which has a large amount of history, and is the home of exactly what is called Wat Phra Kaeo. It can be here that the emerald or jade Buddha can be found, with this palace built in 1782, the residence from the royalty that have been in command of the country during the time. This palace includes two hours of not merely the palace itself but also the Wat Phra Kaew Tour. It is recommended that you start out early each day to take advantage of everything that you are able to see, or just conduct a half day sightseeing tour to view either one.
You can see a lovely representation of the ancient battles that accustomed to occur between Burma and Siam. This is really a mix of Royal Palace and Chapel, and if you are able to climb to the top before sunset, you will notice the sun setting to the Chao Praya River, a lovely sight to behold.
Looking at precisely what is called Wat Suthat is what the locals call the giant swing. It is actually a 27 m high structure, use for religious ceremonies, and its purpose is to go through a ritual that involves teams of three people seeing the top and walking across towards the narrow board. There are a significant variety of fatal accidents back in the 1930s which cause them to not utilize this as being a ritual again. However, it really is a beautiful sight to see, especially looking at Wat Suthat.
This is certainly literally something from the movies, an actual floating market that is certainly about one hour beyond Bangkok. It can be considered by some being the Venice in the East, comparable to exactly how the folks that a part of Italy do so a lot of things on the water. Additionally it is a tourist trap due to how individuals are wanting to check this out market which is completely floating on boats manned by people selling their goods. However, when you do go, you will certainly be treated to some of the most delicious food that is absolutely fresh, served in a authentic way.
In case you have time, it is possible to pay a visit to Lumpini Park and that is a literal oasis in the middle of the architecture and buildings of Bangkok. There are many lawns that you could hang out at, Chinese pagodas, and you will discover a small lake that you could go on a boat on. Is ideal for relaxing for the reason that park is really tranquil, despite all of the skyscrapers that are surrounding it in all of the directions. The park is a place where antigovernment protests have occurred, so just make sure that if you decide to go there, it's just people hanging out to relax.


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(Redirected from Magic mushrooms)
Exercise caution when consuming wild psilocybin mushrooms.
If consuming mushrooms harvested in nature, it is important to understand the risk of mistakenly consuming a poisonous (potentially fatal) look-alike variety.
Please see this section for more information.
Summary sheet: Psilocybin mushrooms
Psilocybe cubensis, one of the most common psilocybin-containing mushrooms.
Psilocybin mushrooms (also known as magic mushrooms, psychedelic mushrooms, and shrooms) are a family of psychoactive fungi that contain psilocybin, a psychedelic substance of the tryptamine class. The mechanism of action is not fully known, although binding activity at serotonin receptors is thought to be involved.
Psilocybin mushrooms occur on all continents and have been taxonomically classified into over 200 species, the most potent of which belong to the genus Psilocybe.[1] Based on imagery found in prehistoric rock art, they are thought to have been used by various human cultures since before recorded history.
After being introduced to the Western world in the 1950s, they generated substantial public interest.[2] Along with LSD, they were incorporated into the youth counterculture movement of the 1960s. Widespread usage of psychedelics provoked a societal backlash, and they were prohibited in 1970.[citation needed]
Today, they are among the most widely used psychedelic substances (partly due to the ease of personal cultivation and harvesting). As a part of the so-called "psychedelic renaissance",[3] they are currently being investigated in the treatment of a number of ailments including anxiety, depression, addiction, and other mental disorders.[2]
Subjective effects include visual geometry, hallucinatory states, time distortion, enhanced introspection, conceptual thinking, euphoria, and ego loss. The intensity and duration of effects can vary greatly depending on factors such as species and batch, which can complicate standardized dosing information (see this section). They are often described to evoke entheogenic, mystical-like, or transpersonal experiences that may facilitate self-reflection and personal growth.
In distinction to psychedelics like LSD, mescaline, and 2C-B, which may be described as "stimulating", "cerebral", and "bright", psilocybin mushrooms are typically described as having an "earthy", "subliminal", or "dream-like" quality. They also are reported to produce slightly more emotion enhancement, time distortion and ego loss than the aforementioned substances, as well as more nausea, confusion, and sedation.
Unlike most highly prohibited substances, psilocybin mushrooms have low abuse potential and are neither addictive nor physiologically toxic.[4] However, adverse psychological reactions such as severe anxiety, paranoia, delusions and psychosis are always possible, particularly among individuals predisposed to mental disorders.[5]
It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
1 History and culture
1.1 Common names
1.2.1 Neurogenesis
4 Subjective effects
4.1 Physical effects
4.2 Visual effects
4.2.1 Enhancements
4.2.2 Distortions
4.2.3 Geometry
4.2.4 Hallucinatory states
4.3 Cognitive effects
4.4 Auditory effects
4.5 Multi-sensory effects
4.6 Transpersonal effects
4.7 Combination effects
4.8 Experience reports
5 Dosage and preparation
5.1 Psilocybe cubensis
5.2 Preparation methods
6 Natural occurrence
6.1 Psilocybe
6.2 Panaeolus
6.3 Gymnopilus
6.4 Dictyonema
6.5 Risk of species confusion
7.1 Antidepressant effects
8 Toxicity and harm potential
8.1 Lethal dosage
8.2 Psychosis and mental disorder risk
8.3 Dependence and abuse potential
8.4 Hallucinogen-perception persisting disorder (HPPD)
8.5 Dangerous interactions
9 Legal status
11.1 Discussion
12 Literature
Cave art in Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria (look at the shoulders and knees)
A growing body of evidence suggests that psychoactive mushrooms have been used by humans in religious ceremonies for thousands of years. In Mesoamerica, they have been consumed in ritual ceremonies for 3000 years.[2]
For example, murals dated 9000 to 7000 BCE found in the Sahara desert in southeast Algeria depict horned beings dressed as dancers holding mushroom-like objects.[6] 6,000-year-old pictographs discovered near the Spanish town of Villar del Humo illustrate several mushrooms that have been tentatively identified as Psilocybe hispanica, a hallucinogenic species native to the area.[7]
Archaeological artifacts from Mexico have also been interpreted by some scholars as evidence for ritual and ceremonial usage of psychoactive mushrooms in the Mayan and Aztec cultures of Mesoamerica.[citation needed] In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, the mushrooms were called teonanácatl, or "God's flesh".
Following the arrival of Spanish explorers to the New World in the 16th century, chroniclers reported the use of mushrooms by the natives for ceremonial and religious purposes. Accounts describe mushrooms being eaten in festivities for the accession of emperors and the celebration of successful business trips by merchants.[8]
After the defeat of the Aztecs, the Spanish forbade traditional religious practices and rituals that they considered "pagan idolatry", including ceremonial mushroom use. For the next four centuries, the Indians of Mesoamerica hid their use of entheogens from the Spanish authorities.[citation needed]
American banker and amateur ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson studied the ritual use of psychoactive mushrooms by the native population of a Mazatec village in Mexico. In 1957, Wasson described the psychedelic visions that he experienced during these rituals in "Seeking the Magic Mushroom", an article published in Life magazine.[9] Later that year, they were accompanied on a follow-up expedition by French mycologist Roger Heim, who identified several of the mushrooms as Psilocybe species.[10]
Heim cultivated the mushrooms in France, and sent samples for analysis to Albert Hofmann, a chemist employed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Sandoz (now Novartis). Hofmann, who had in 1938 created LSD, led a research group that isolated and identified the psychoactive compounds from Psilocybe mexicana.[11][12]
He and his colleagues later synthesized a number of compounds chemically related to the naturally occurring psilocybin, to see how structural changes would affect psychoactivity. These included 4-HO-DET and 4-AcO-DMT. Sandoz marketed and sold pure psilocybin under the name "Indocybin" to clinicians worldwide without any reports of serious complications.[13][14]
In the early 1960s, Harvard University became a testing ground for psilocybin via the efforts of Timothy Leary and his associates, Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert. Leary obtained synthesized psilocybin from Hofmann through Sandoz. Some studies, such as the Concord Prison Experiment, found promising results for psilocybin's utility in clinical psychiatry.[15][16]
Leary and Alpert's zealous advocacy for widespread hallucinogen use led to a well-publicized termination from Harvard. In response to concerns about the increase in unauthorized use of psychedelic substances by the general public, psychedelics like psilocybin began to receive negative press and faced increasingly restrictive laws.
In the United States, laws were passed in 1966 that prohibited the production, trade, or ingestion of hallucinogenic substances. Sandoz stopped producing LSD and psilocybin the same year.[17] Further backlash against LSD usage swept psilocybin along with it into the Schedule I category of illicit substances in 1970. Subsequent restrictions on the use of these substances in human research made funding for such projects difficult to obtain, and scientists who worked with psychedelic drugs faced being "professionally marginalized".[18]
In the 1990s, psychedelic research gradually began to regain traction, particularly in Europe. Advances in the neurosciences and the availability of brain imaging techniques have provided a reason for using substances like psilocybin to probe the "neural underpinnings of psychotic symptom formation including ego disorders and hallucinations".[19]
Recent studies in the United States have attracted attention from the popular press and thrust psilocybin into the vogue again.[20]
Psilocybin mushrooms have a number of common names. These include: psychedelic mushrooms, magic mushrooms, shrooms, magic truffles, and boomers.
The combination with MDMA is known as hippie-flipping.
A low dose (0.1 mg/kg) of psilocybin produced a trend toward increased neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus 2 weeks after its administration, while a high dose (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased neurogenesis. These results suggest that the effects of psilocybin on neurogenesis are dose- and time-related.[21]
Psilocybin, or 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-PO-DMT) is a prodrug that is converted into the pharmacologically active compound psilocin in the body by a dephosphorylation reaction mediated by alkaline phosphatase enzymes.[22] Both psilocybin and psilocin are organic tryptamine compounds. They are chemically related to the amino acid tryptophan, and structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin.
Tryptamines share a core structure comprised of a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R3 to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. Psilocybin is substituted at R4 of its indole heterocycle with a phosphoryloxy (-PO) functional group. It also contains two methyl groups CH3- bound to the terminal amine RN. This makes psilocybin the 4-phosphoryloxy ring-substituted analog of DMT.[23]
Psilocybin and psilocin occur in their pure forms as white crystalline powders. Both are unstable in light, particularly while in solution, although their stability at low temperatures in the dark under an inert atmosphere is very good.[24]
The diagram above demonstrates the neural connections associated with sobriety in comparison to being under the influence of psilocybin as demonstrated through the use of MRI scans. The width of the links is proportional to their weight and the size of the nodes is proportional to their strength. Note that the proportion of heavy links between communities is much higher (and very different) in the psilocybin group, suggesting greater integration[25]
Further information: Serotonergic psychedelic
Psilocybin acts as a prodrug to psilocin, meaning it is not active until it is converted into psilocin in the body. Upon entering the body, psilocybin is dephosphorylated to psilocin in the intestinal mucosa by alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase.[2]
Psilocin's psychedelic effects are believed to come from its agonist activity on serotonin 5-HT2A/C and 5-HT1A receptors.[2] While 5-HT2A receptor agonism is considered necessary for hallucinogenic activity, the role of other receptor subtypes is much less understood.[2]
Unlike LSD, psilocin has no significant effect on dopamine receptors and only affects the noradrenergic system at very high dosages.[26]
Psilocybin has also been shown by fMRI imaging to have a dampening effect on certain brain regions, most notably the Default Mode Network.[citation needed]
Subjective effects
The headspace of psilocybin mushrooms is typically described as extremely relaxing, profound and stoning in style compared to more stimulating psychedelics such as LSD or 2C-B. They are also regarded as being less clear-headed than other commonly used tryptamines such as 4-AcO-DMT, DMT and ayahuasca. This may be due to the presence of other alkaloids like norbaeocystin.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Neurogenesis[21]
Sedation - Psilocybin mushrooms are reported to be relaxing, stoning and mildly sedating. This sense of sedation is often accompanied by excessive yawning.
Spontaneous bodily sensations - The "body high" of psilocybin can be described as a pleasurable, soft and all-encompassing tingling sensation or glow that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit at the peak. Once the peak of the experience or sensation is reached it can feel incredibly euphoric and tranquil or heavy and immobilizing depending on the dose and setting.
Perception of bodily heaviness- This effect corresponds to the general sense of sedation and relaxation that characterizes psilocybin experiences, this manifests as a bodily heaviness that discourages movement but is typically only prominent during the first half of the experience. This particular physical effect seems to be more commonly experienced and pronounced with certain "woodlover" species of mushrooms such as Psilocybe azurescens.[citation needed]
Tactile enhancement - This effect is less prominent than with that of LSD or 2C-B but is still present and unique in its character. It is repeatedly described as feeling very primitive in its nature often times with the small hairs on the user's arms or legs feeling slightly itchy or even ticklish against the skin.
Changes in felt bodily form - This effect is often accompanied by a sense of warmth or unity and usually occurs around the peak of the experience or directly after. Users can feel as if they are physically part of or conjoined with other objects. This is usually reported as feeling comfortable in its sensations and even peaceful.
Pain relief - This effect can be considered as less intense when compared with LSD. Like most psychedelics, this effects is likely a result of reductions in inflammation as well as from distortions in sensory processing. This effect, while common, is not guaranteed. An increase in pain perception is also possible.
Nausea - This effect can be greatly lessened or even completely avoided if the individual has an empty stomach prior to ingestion. It is often recommended that one either refrain from eating for approximately 6 to 8 hours beforehand, or eat a light meal 3 to 4 hours before if they are feeling physically fatigued.
Changes in felt gravity
Excessive yawning - This effect seems to be uniquely pronounced among psilocybin and related tryptamines. It can occur to a lesser degree on LSD and very rarely on psychedelic phenethylamines like mescaline. It typically occurs in combination with watery eyes.
Muscle contractions
Olfactory hallucination
Pupil dilation
Increased salivation
Brain zaps[citation needed] - Although this effect is very rare, it can still occur for those susceptible to it. This component is however much less common and intense than it is with serotonin releasing agents such as MDMA.
Seizure[citation needed] - This is a rare effect but can happen in a small population of those who are predisposed to them, particularly while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated, or fatigued.
Colour enhancement - Relative to other psychedelics, this effect may appear to be more saturated.
Pattern recognition enhancement
Visual acuity enhancement - This effect typically occurs prominently at lower doses and becomes increasingly suppressed as one raises the dose.[citation needed]
Drifting (melting, flowing, breathing and morphing) - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed, realistic, slow and smooth in motion and static in appearance.
Colour tinting
Visual haze
Symmetrical texture repetition
Perspective distortions
Depth perception distortions
Environmental orbism
Scenery slicing
The visual geometry produced by psilocybin mushrooms can be described as more similar in appearance to that of 4-AcO-DMT, ayahuasca and 2C-E than LSD or 2C-B.
It can be comprehensively described through its variations as intricate in complexity, abstract in form, organic in feel, structured in organization, brightly lit, and multicoloured in scheme, glossy in shading, soft in its edges, large in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, rounded in its corners, non-immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity.
It has a very "organic" feel and at higher dosages is significantly more likely to result in states of Level 8B visual geometry over level 8A.
Hallucinatory states
Psilocybin and its various other forms produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is more consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics. These effects generally include:
Machinescapes
Internal hallucination (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; perspective hallucinations and scenarios and plots) - This effect is very consistent in dark environments at appropriately high dosages. They can be comprehensively described through their variations as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability, geometry-based in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical, or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
External hallucination (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; perspective hallucinations and scenarios and plots) - These are more common within dark environments and can be comprehensively described through their variations as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability, geometry-based in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
Emotion enhancement - This effect can be described as being more prominent, consistent and profound when compared to other traditional psychedelics such as mescaline or LSD. This can lead to strong feelings of compassion, urgency and even completely sporadic moments of intense emotional significance that can also be periodically affected by enhancement and suppression cycles.
Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement - This effect differs from MDMA and other entactogens in that it isn't as central to the experience, feels less forced and more natural and is experienced at a less consistent rate. The sociability enhancement in particular only occurs rarely and it appears to be more emotional.
Language suppression - This effect can be described as a perceived inability or general unwillingness to talk aloud despite feeling perfectly capable of formulating coherent thoughts within one's internal narrative. It is much more common among inexperienced users.
Analysis enhancement - This effect is consistent in its manifestation and outrospection dominant.
Enhancement and suppression cycles - This can be described as constant waves of extremely stimulated and profound thinking which are spontaneously surpassed in a cyclic fashion by waves of general thought suppression and mental intoxication. These two states seem to switch between each other in a consistent loop once every 20 to 60 minutes.
Feelings of impending doom - This effect is usually only experienced during the come up phase but typically completely passes or subsides once the primary effects begin. It should be noted that this effect is relatively consistent and normal for psilocybin and related tryptamines which is why a positive and well-informed mindset is key. Less regularly this aspect can also occur during the peak but will most often be met afterwards with sensations of euphoria, catharsis or rejuvenation.
Autonomous voice communication
Suggestibility enhancement
Conceptual thinking
Thought connectivity
Thought loops
Thought organization
Confusion - This effect occurs at a higher rate than other psychedelics such as LSD or DMT. It is more commonly observed in users who are inexperienced with psilocybin, or psychedelics in general
Novelty enhancement
Creativity enhancement
Increased music appreciation
Immersion enhancement
Memory enhancement
Memory suppression
Ego death
Simultaneous emotions
Personal bias suppression
Ego replacement - Although this effect is rare and more likely to occur with certain psychedelics like DMT or ayahuasca, it can still spontaneously occur, usually with higher doses.
Personality regression - Although this effect is rare it can still manifest spontaneously and is thought to depend primarily on the user's set and setting.
Rejuvenation - While this component can occur spontaneously at any point, it typically follows a difficult phase of the experience, if not the entire experience itself. It is however almost always felt during the offset of a psilocybin experience and tends to slowly transition into the after effects which are generally described as positive. These positive or mindful after effects are sometimes referred to as an "afterglow" and is both common and consistent for psilocybin and related tryptamines.
Addiction suppression[27]
Auditory effects
Auditory enhancement
Auditory distortion
Auditory hallucination
Multi-sensory effects
Synaesthesia - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.
Dosage independent intensity[citation needed]
Transpersonal effects
Anecdotally, these components are generally considered to be most consistent with the naturally-occurring entheogenic tryptamines such as ayahuasca, ibogaine and psilocybin. They are listed below as follows:
Spirituality enhancement
Existential self-realization
Unity and interconnectedness
Combination effects
Cannabis - Cannabis majorly amplifies the sensory and cognitive effects of psilocybin mushrooms. This should be used with extreme caution, especially if one is not experienced with psychedelics. This interaction can also amplify the anxiety, confusion and delusion producing aspects of cannabis significantly. Those who choose to use this combination are advised to start off with only a fraction of their usual cannabis dose, and slow down the pace of their normal intake considerably.
Dissociatives - Dissociatives can enhance the geometry, euphoria, dissociation and hallucinatory effects of psilocybin mushrooms. Dissociative-induced holes, spaces, and voids while under the influence of psilocybin can result in significantly more vivid visuals than dissociatives alone, along with more intense internal hallucinations, confusion, nausea, delusions and increased risk of psychosis.
MDMA - MDMA enhances the visual, physical and cognitive effects of psilocybin. The synergy between these substances is unpredictable, and it is advised to start with lower dosages than one would take for either substance individually. The toxicity of this combination is unknown, although there is some evidence that suggests this may increase the the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.[28][29][30]
Alcohol - This combination is not typically recommended due to alcohol's potential to cause dehydration, nausea, and physical fatigue at higher doses. However, this combination is reasonably safe in low doses and, when used responsibly, can "take the edge off a trip" and reduce anxiety in a manner somewhat similar to benzodiazepines. With psilocybin mushrooms in particular it is often recommended that the user waits until the "come down" phase to consume alcohol due to the sometimes nauseating effects of mushrooms, especially within the first 2 - 3 hours of the experience.
Benzodiazepines - Depending on the dosage, benzodiazepines can slightly to completely reduce the intensity of the cognitive, physical and visual effects of a psilocybin trip. They can be very efficient at largely stopping or mitigating a bad trip at the cost of amnesia and reduced trip intensity. Caution is advised when acquiring them for this purpose, however, due to the high abuse potential they possess.
Psychedelics - When used in combination with other psychedelics, the physical, cognitive and visual effects of each substance intensify and synergize strongly with each other. The synergy between those substances is unpredictable, and for this reason, is generally not advised. If choosing to combine psychedelics, it is recommended to start with lower dosages than one would take for either substance individually.
There are currently 23 anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index.
Experience: 1.5g Psilocybe Cubensis - Analysis of body and mind
Experience:1.5 Grams Psilocybe Cubensis
Experience:15g psilocybe truffles - first experience
Experience:1g of stars and love
Experience:2 grams Psilocybe Cubensis + 2.7 grams Syrian Rue - The Psilohuasca Albino Fox
Experience:2.5g - Swim's first mushroom trip
Experience:2.5g Mushrooms + 500mg DMT
Experience:2.5g Psilocybe Cubensis B+ strain - epiphany of nondualistic reality
Experience:225ug LSD + 9g cubensis - Galactic Melt and the Meverse
Experience:3 Grams of Mushrooms - Reset on my Life, Experiencing Satori and the Cosmic Perspective
Experience:3.5g psilocybe cubensis - Relinquishing of Material Chains/Fear and Desolation
Experience:3g - I found god inside of myself
Experience:4.5g - The Grand Introduction to Beauty and Fear
Experience:4g - States of unity and interconnectedness
Experience:5.3g psilocybe cubensis - Dimensional Circumstance and the Fabric of Understanding
Experience:5g Mushrooms - Failed attempt at a Terence Mckenna style trip.
Experience:Cubensis genius trials
Experience:Mushrooms (~0.5 g) - Autonomous Voice
Experience:Mushrooms and Snuff Films -- Trip Report (3.5 grams)
Experience:Psilocybe Cubensis (2g, Oral) - First Spiritual Experience(?)
Experience:Psilocybin mushrooms (~4.8 g) - A challenging first trip
Experience:Unknown dosage - An omniscient sphere
Experience:~80-100 Psilocybe Subaeruginosa
Additional experience reports can be found here:
Erowid Experience Vaults: Mushrooms
Dosage and preparation
The dosage of psilocybin mushrooms depends on the potency of the mushroom (the total psilocybin and psilocin content of the mushrooms), which varies significantly both between species and within the same species, but is typically around 0.5–2.0% of the dried weight of the mushroom.[citation needed]
The concentration of active psilocybin mushroom compounds varies not only from species to species, but also from mushroom to mushroom inside a given species, subspecies or variety. The same holds true even for different parts of the same mushroom.
For example, in the species Psilocybe samuiensis, the dried cap of the mushroom contains the most psilocybin at about 0.23%–0.90%. The mycelium contains about 0.24%–0.32%.[31]
Main article: Psilocybe cubensis (mycology)
Psilocybe cubensis (also known as cubes) is one of the most commonly used species of psilocybin mushrooms. The doses for oral consumption for dried cubensis mushrooms are generally considered to be:
Threshold: 0.25 g - 0.5 g
Light: 0.5 - 1 g
Common: 1 - 2.5 g
Strong: 2.5 - 5 g
Heavy: 5 g +
Preparation methods
Preparation methods for this compound within our tutorial index include:
Simple psilocybin mushroom growing technique
Outdoor mushroom cultivation
Mushroom chocolates
Mushroom tea
Psilocybin mushroom lemon tek
Natural occurrence
Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include Copelandia, Galerina, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Mycena, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus, and Psilocybe. Over 100 species are classified in the genus Psilocybe.
Some common psilocybin and psilocin containing mushroom species include:
Psilocybe semilanceata, also known as the liberty cap.
Psilocybe atlantis
Psilocybe brasiliensis
Psilocybe caerulescens
Psilocybe columbiana
Psilocybe laurae
Psilocybe paulensis
Psilocybe plutonia
Psilocybe subaeruginosa
Psilocybe weraroa
Psilocybe wrightii
Psilocybe zapotecorum
Panaeolus cyanescens, also known as the pan cyan.
Panaeolus africanus
Panaeolus campanulatus
Panaeolus cinctulus
Panaeolus subbalteatus
Panaeolus venezolanus
Gymnopilus
Gymnopilus aeruginosus
Gymnopilus luteus
Gymnopilus purpuratus
Dictyonema
Dictyonema huaorani (This species is a lichen not a mushroom)
Risk of species confusion
As psilocybin mushrooms are capable of being harvested in nature, there is a major risk in misidentifying the mushroom species and accidentally consuming a poisonous (possibly lethal) variety. This risk can be avoided by educating oneself in advance on how to properly identify the correct species of mushroom and the potential look-alike mushrooms found within one's local area. Users are encouraged to learn from a mentor who is experienced in mushroom picking before doing it on their own.
Antidepressant effects
While further research is needed to establish the utility of psilocybin and other psychedelics in treating depression, a pilot study has observed significantly decreased depression scores in terminal cancer patients six months after treatment with psilocybin.[32]
An open-label study was carried out in 2016 in the UK to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of psilocybin in treating patients with unipolar treatment-resistant depression with promising results; although the study was small and involved only twelve patients, seven of those patients met formal criteria for remission one week following psilocybin treatment and five of those were still in remission from their depression at three months.[33]
The mechanism behind this is not known as of yet, but researchers have suggested that psilocin's deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex[34] (mPFC) may be relevant to its antidepressant effects, as the mPFC is known to be elevated in depression and normalized after effective treatment.[34] mPFC hyperactivity has been associated with trait rumination.[35]
Another possible factor to psilocybin's potential against depression may be that depressed patients with high levels of dysfunctional attitudes were found to have low levels of 5-HT(2A) agonism.[36][37]
Toxicity and harm potential
Radar plot showing relative physical harm, social harm, and dependence of benzodiazepines in comparison to other drugs.[38]
Further information: Responsible use § Hallucinogens
Numerous studies have found that psilocybin mushrooms are physiologically well-tolerated and has an extremely low toxicity relative to dose. There is no evidence for long-lasting effects on the brain or other organs and there are no documented deaths attributed to the direct effects of psilocybin mushrooms toxicity.[39]
However, it is worth noting that while they may not be capable of causing direct bodily toxicity or death, their use can still present serious hazards.
For example, they are capable of strongly impairing the user's judgment and attention span, which may promote erratic or dangerous behaviors. In extreme cases, the user may experience powerful delusions e.g. that they are actually inside of a dream and therefore physically invincible, or that they are being "chased by demons". This may prompt them to jump off of a building or run into oncoming traffic.[40]
Additionally, intense negative experiences and psychotic episodes (i.e. "bad trips") can cause lasting psychological trauma if not properly managed or treated afterward. This is particularly a concern in non-supervised settings or when heavy doses are used.
Finally, it should be noted that evidence of psilocybin mushrooms' effectiveness as a mental health treatment only applies to the controlled procedures used in clinical settings. They are not considered the entire treatment because the current evidence suggests they must be combined with professional psychotherapy to produce lasting effects.
Without the appropriate safeguards, attempts at self-medicating with psilocybin mushrooms may actually worsen mental health issues.[citation needed]
It is strongly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance. These include:
Taking the substance under the supervision of a tripsitter for one's first time or while experimenting with a higher dose
Starting off with a dose in the low-common range and monitoring for unusual reactions (e.g. mania, delusions) or sensitivity
Not exceeding the listed heavy dose. If heavy doses are required, a tolerance break is advised instead. Heavy doses greatly increase the risk of negative effects
Using a reagent testing kit to verify the substance is genuine LSD and not a dangerous counterfeit
Keeping a supply of benzodiazepines or antipsychotics (e.g. Seroquel) to abort the trip in the case of overwhelming anxiety or psychosis
Lethal dosage
The toxicity of psilocybin and psilocin is extremely low. In rats, the median lethal dose (LD50) of psilocybin when administered orally is 280 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).
Psilocybin comprises approximately 1% of the weight of Psilocybe cubensis and so nearly 1.7 kilograms (3.7 lb) of dried mushrooms or 17 kilograms (37 lb) of fresh mushrooms would be required for a 60 kilogram (130 lb) person to reach the 280 mg/kg LD50 value of rats.
Based on the results of animal studies, the lethal dose of psilocybin has been extrapolated to be 6 grams, 1000 times greater than the effective dose of 6 milligrams. Unlike many highly prohibited substances, it is effectively impossible to physically overdose on.
Psychosis and mental disorder risk
Psilocybin mushrooms can exacerbate symptoms (e.g. delusions, mania, psychosis) of various mental disorders. Additionally, they can precipitate the early onset of schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals.[39]
Those with a personal or family history of mental disorders, particularly psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, should not use psilocybin mushrooms without consulting a qualified medical professional.
Dependence and abuse potential
Like other serotonergic psychedelics, psilocybin mushrooms have low abuse and no physical dependence potential.[41]
There are no literature reports of successful attempts to train animals to self-administer a serotonergic psychedelic, which is predictive of abuse liability, indicating that it does not have the necessary pharmacology to either initiate or maintain dependence.[42]
Additionally, there is no human clinical evidence that psilocybin mushrooms causes addiction. Finally, there is virtually no withdrawal syndrome when chronic use of psilocybin mushrooms is stopped.
Tolerance to the effects of psilocybin builds almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption).
Psilocybin exhibits cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of psilocybin all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Hallucinogen-perception persisting disorder (HPPD)
Further information: Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
In rare cases, psilocybin mushrooms may trigger hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) in some individuals.[43] The cause is unclear; however, explanations in terms of psilocybin physically remaining in the body for months or years after consumption have been discounted by experimental evidence.
Some say HPPD is a manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder, not related to the direct action on brain chemistry, and varies according to the susceptibility of the individual to the disorder.[44]
Dangerous interactions
Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous or even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following lists some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Amphetamines - Stimulants increase anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops which can lead to negative experiences
Cannabis:[45] Cannabis can have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with psilocybin mushrooms. While it is commonly used to intensify or prolong the mushrooms' effects, caution is highly advised as mixing these substances can significantly increase the risk of anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Anecdotal reports often describe the ingestion of cannabis as the triggering event for a bad trip or psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction (e.g. 1/4th - 1/3rd) of their typical cannabis dose and space out hits to avoid accidental over-intake.
Cocaine - Stimulants increase anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops which can lead to negative experiences
Tramadol - Tramadol is well known to lower seizure threshold and psychedelics also cause occasional seizures.
Lithium - Lithium is commonly prescribed in the treatment of bipolar disorder; however, studies find it can significantly increase the risk of and seizures when combined to psychedelics. As a result, this combination should be strictly avoided.
Internationally, psilocybin (but not psilocybin mushrooms) is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
"The cultivation of plants from which psychotropic substances are obtained is not controlled by the Vienna Convention. . . . Neither the crown (fruit, mescal button) of the Peyote cactus nor the roots of the plant Mimosa hostilis nor Psilocybe mushrooms themselves are included in Schedule 1, but only their respective principals, mescaline, DMT, and psilocin."
Austria: Psilocybin containing mushrooms are illegal to possess in dried form, to sell and to offer, give or get somebody under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich). It is illegal to grow them with the intention of "producing psychotropic substances" (as psilocin and psilocybin) mentioned in BGBl. III Nr. 148/1997 .[46]
Bahamas: Psilocybin mushrooms are legal to possess, grow, and consume.[citation needed]
Brazil: Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344,[47] but mushrooms fall under religious use laws.[citation needed]
British Virgin Isles: The sale of mushrooms is illegal, but possession and consumption is legal.[citation needed]
Bulgaria: The sale of mushrooms is illegal, but possession and consumption is legal.[citation needed]
Belgium: Possession and sale of mushrooms have been illegal since 1988.[citation needed]
Canada: Psilocybin and psilocin are illegal to possess, obtain or produce without a prescription or license as they are Schedule III under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act; however, dried psilocybin mushrooms are openly sold on dozens of Canadian websites. Spores and growing kits are legal to possess. [48]
Czech Republic: The distribution (including sale) of mushrooms is illegal, but consumption is legal. The possession of over 40 hallucinogenic caps is considered a crime if they contain more than 50mg of psilocin or the corresponding amount of psilocybin. The possession of more than 40g of hallucinogenic mycelium is considered a crime. If these limits are not exceeded, the act is considered a minor offense and a fine of up to 15 thousand CZK may be imposed.
Cyprus: Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal to possess, grow, sale, and consume.[citation needed]
Denmark: Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal to possess, grow, sale, and consume.[citation needed]
Finland: Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal to possess, grow, sale, and consume.[citation needed]
Germany: Psilocybin is illegal to produce, possess or sale under Schedule I of the Narcotics Act (Anlage I BtMG)[49]. Consumption is not illegal. The mushroom and spores by itself are not illegal and only become illegal when containing Psilocybin or Psilocin.
Greece: Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal to possess, grow, sale, and consume.[citation needed]
Ireland: Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal to possess, grow, sale, and consume.[citation needed]
Iceland: The sale of Psilocybin mushrooms is illegal, but possession and consumption is legal.
India: Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal to possess, grow, sale, and consume. However, it is reported that many police departments in undeveloped areas are unaware of the prohibition.
Japan: Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal to possess, grow, sale, and consume.[citation needed]
Latvia: Hallucinogenic mushrooms, psilocin and psilocybin are Schedule I controlled substances.[50]
Luxembourg: Psilocybin is a prohibited substance[51]
Mexico: The possession, growth, sale and consumption of mushrooms is illegal. Rules are relaxed regarding religious use however.[citation needed]
The Netherlands: The possession, growth, sale and consumption of mushrooms is illegal. However, due to a legal loophole, psilocybin truffles can be legally possessed, grown, sold and consumed.[citation needed]
New Zealand: Psilocybin is a Class A substance.[citation needed]
Norway: Possession, growth, sale and consumption of mushrooms is illegal. Spores, even though not containing psilocybin, are also illegal.[citation needed]
Sweden: Sveriges riksdag added psilocybin mushrooms to schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use") as narcotics in Sweden as of Aug 1, 1999, published by Medical Products Agency.[52]
Switzerland: Mushrooms of the species Conocybe, Panaeolus, Psilocybe and Stropharia are controlled under Verzechnis D.[53]
Turkey: The possession, growth, sale and consumption of mushrooms is illegal.[citation needed]
United Kingdom: According to the 2005 Drugs Act, fresh and prepared psilocybin mushrooms are Class A.[54]
United States: Psilocybin and psilocin are Schedule I drugs under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. This means it is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, process, or distribute without a license from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).[55]. Several US states and cities have decriminalised Psilocybin mushrooms.
Oregon: Oregon Measure 109 legalized the use of Psilocybin mushrooms to licensed service providers administering to individuals 21 years of age or older.
Entheogen
Mescaline
Psilocybin mushrooms (Wikipedia)
Magic truffle (Wikipedia)
Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms (Wikipedia)
Psilocybin (Wikipedia)
Psilocybin therapy (Wikipedia)
Psilocybin mushrooms (Erowid Vault)
World Wide Distribution of Magic Mushrooms
Enteogenic Mushrooms - philosophy of cultivation
The Big & Dandy Psilocybin Mushrooms Thread (Bluelight)
Psilocybin mushrooms, broken down and described (Disregard Everything I Say)
Passie, Torsten, et al. The Pharmacology of Psilocybin. Addiction Biology 7.4 (2002): 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/1355621021000005937
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Vollenweider, F. X., & Kometer, M. (2010). The neurobiology of psychedelic drugs: implications for the treatment of mood disorders. Nature Publishing Group, 11(9), 642–651. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2884
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↑ Marley G. (2010). "Psilocybin: gateway to the soul or just a good high?". Chanterelle Dreams, Amanita Nightmares: The Love, Lore, and Mystique of Mushrooms. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 166. ISBN 1-60358-214-2.
↑ Passie T, Seifert J, Schneider U, Emrich HM (2002). "The pharmacology of psilocybin". Addiction Biology. 7 (4): 357–64. doi:10.1080/1355621021000005937. PMID 14578010.
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↑ Leary T, Metzner R, Presnell M, Weil G, Schwitzgebel R, Kinne S (1965). "A new behavior change program using psilocybin". Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice. 2 (2): 61–72. doi:10.1037/h0088612.
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↑ Horita, A., & Weber, L. J. (1961). Dephosphorylation of psilocybin to psilocin by alkaline phosphatase. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 106(1), 32-34.
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↑ Psilocybin Investigator's Brochure | https://maps.org/research-archive/psilo/psilo_ib.pdf
↑ Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P., & Griffiths, R. R. (2014). Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 28(11), 983-992. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114548296
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↑ Potentiation of MDMA-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists | https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/potentiation-of-34-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced-dopamine
↑ Ecstasy induces apoptosis via 5-HT(2A)-receptor stimulation in cortical neurons. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17572501
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↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nichols2016
↑ Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Hendricks, P. S., & Henningfield, J. E. (2018). The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act. Neuropharmacology, 142, 143-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012
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↑ https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB04829
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tripsit
↑ https://www.jusline.at/gesetz/smg/paragraf/27
↑ http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7
↑ Controlled Drugs and Substances Act of Canada
↑ Schedule I of the Narcotics Act (Anlage I BtMG)
↑ Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (I saraksts) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086
↑ Règlement grand-ducal du 26 mars 1974 établissant la liste des stupéfiants | http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/1974/03/26/n1/jo
↑ "Sidan kunde inte visas (#404) - Läkemedelsverket". 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013.
↑ "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in German). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
↑ Legislation - Drugs Act 2005| http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/17/contents
↑ FDA - Controlled Substances Act | http://archive.today/2017.02.01-114453/http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm
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We do what we must because we can.