text:
\section{Cross section of $e^+e^-\to\pph_{c}$}

The number of signal events $n^{\rm obs}_{h_{c}}$, the luminosity $\mathcal{L}$,
the product of the initial state radiation correction factor and average efficiency
$(1+\delta)\sum_{i=1}^{16}\epsilon_{i}\mathcal{B}(\eta_c\to X_{i})$, the vacuum
polarization correction factor $|1+\Pi|^{2}$, and the Born cross section $\sigma^{\rm B}$ for
$XYZ$ data sample and R-scan data sample are summarized in Table~\ref{XYZ-data}
and Table~\ref{Rscan-data}. The average efficiency is smaller for the R-scan
data sample than for the $XYZ$ data sample due to the different methods used in
determining the number of signal events.

\begin{table*}[htbp]
\caption{$e^+e^-\to \pp h_{c}$ cross sections from $XYZ$ data sample. The
first errors are statistical, and the second ones systematic
uncertainty except the uncertainty in ${\cal B}(h_{c}\to
\gamma\eta_c)$, and the third errors are from the
uncertainty in ${\cal B}(h_{c}\to \gamma\eta_c)$.} \label{XYZ-data}
\begin{tabular}{crcccccc}
  \hline\hline
  $\sqrt{s}$~(GeV) & ${\cal L}$ (pb$^{-1}$) &~~~~$n^{\rm obs}_{h_{c}}$~~~~
  & $(1+\delta)\sum_{i=1}^{16}\epsilon_{i}\mathcal{B}(\eta_c\to X_{i})$(\%) &
  ~~$|1+\Pi|^{2}$~~ & $\sigma^{\rm B}$~(pb) \\
  \hline
  3.8962  &  52.6~~ & $-1.5^{+1.9}_{-0.8}$  & $0.78$ & ~~$1.049$~~ &  $-6.8^{~+8.4}_{~-3.7}~\pm0.6\pm0.8$ \\
  4.0076  & 482.0~~ &~~~$7.6^{+7.2}_{-4.7}$ & $1.42$ & ~~$1.044$~~ &~~~$2.0^{~+2.0}_{~-1.3}~\pm0.3\pm0.2$ \\
  4.0855  &  52.6~~ & $-1.6^{+4.2}_{-1.5}$  & $1.85$ & ~~$1.052$~~ &  $-3.1^{~+8.0}_{~-2.9}~\pm0.4\pm0.4$ \\
  4.1886  &  43.1~~ &~~~$7.4^{+5.7}_{-3.1}$ & $1.96$ & ~~$1.056$~~ &~$16.6^{+12.5}_{~-6.8}\pm1.8\pm2.0$ \\
  4.2077  &  54.6~~ &~$23.6^{+7.2}_{-4.7}$  & $1.99$ & ~~$1.057$~~ &~$40.7^{+12.3}_{~-8.0}\pm3.9\pm4.8$ \\
  4.2171  &  54.1~~ &~$25.3^{+7.8}_{-5.3}$  & $2.03$ & ~~$1.057$~~ &~$43.2^{+13.2}_{~-8.9}\pm4.2\pm5.1$ \\
  4.2263  &1091.7~~ & $669\pm 32$           & $2.07$ & ~~$1.056$~~ & $55.2\pm2.6\pm6.1\pm6.5$ \\
  4.2417  &  55.6~~ &~$25.5^{+8.1}_{-5.6}$  & $2.17$ & ~~$1.056$~~ &~$39.9^{+12.5}_{~-8.6}\pm3.8\pm4.7$ \\
  4.2580  & 825.7~~ & $443\pm 27$           & $2.23$ & ~~$1.054$~~ & $46.3\pm2.8\pm5.1\pm5.5$ \\
  4.3079  &  44.9~~ &~$34.3^{+8.3}_{-5.8}$  & $2.22$ & ~~$1.052$~~ &~$65.0^{+15.6}_{-10.9}\pm6.1\pm7.7$ \\
  4.3583  & 539.8~~ & $357\pm 24$           & $2.26$ & ~~$1.051$~~ & $55.8\pm3.7\pm6.2\pm6.6$ \\
  4.3874  &  55.2~~ &~$30.2^{+8.8}_{-6.1}$  & $2.30$ & ~~$1.051$~~ &~$45.5^{+12.9}_{~-9.0}\pm4.4\pm5.4$ \\
  4.4156  &1073.6~~ & $685\pm 35$           & $2.28$ & ~~$1.053$~~ & $52.1\pm2.7\pm5.9\pm6.1$ \\
  4.4671  & 109.9~~ &~$27.1^{+9.7}_{-7.2}$  & $2.38$ & ~~$1.055$~~ &~$19.3^{~+6.9}_{~-5.1}~\pm2.4\pm2.3$  \\
  4.5271  & 110.0~~ & $-1.3^{+7.5}_{-4.9}$  & $2.39$ & ~~$1.055$~~ & $-0.9^{~+5.3}_{~-3.5}~\pm0.1\pm0.1$  \\
  4.5745  &  47.7~~ &~~~$9.2^{+6.8}_{-4.3}$ & $2.37$ & ~~$1.055$~~ &~$15.1^{+11.2}_{~-7.1}~\pm2.1\pm1.8$  \\
  4.5995  & 566.9~~ & $52.0^{+16.9}_{-14.3}$  & $2.38$ & ~~$1.055$~~ &~~~$7.2^{~+2.3}_{~-2.0}~\pm0.7\pm0.8$  \\
  \hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\begin{longtable*}{cccccccc}
\caption{$e^+e^-\to \pp h_{c}$ cross sections in R-scan data sample. The
errors are statistical only. The systematic uncertainty is 18.0\%, and
common for all energy points.} \label{Rscan-data} \\
 \hline\hline
$\sqrt{s}$~(GeV) & $\mathcal{L}$ (pb${}^{-1}$)  & $n^{\rm sig}$ &
$n^{\rm side}$ & $n^{\rm obs}_{h_{c}}$ &
$(1+\delta)\sum_{i=1}^{16}\epsilon_{i}\mathcal{B}(\eta_c\to X_{i})
(\%)$ & $|1+\Pi|^{2}$ & $\sigma^{\rm B}$ (pb) \\ \hline
\endfirsthead

\multicolumn{8}{c}%
{{\bfseries \tablename\ \thetable{} -- continued from previous page}} \\
\hline\hline
$\sqrt{s}$~(GeV) & $\mathcal{L}$ (pb${}^{-1}$)  & $n^{\rm sig}$ & $n^{\rm side}$ & $n^{\rm obs}_{h_{c}}$ &
$(1+\delta)\sum_{i=1}^{16}\epsilon_{i}\mathcal{B}(\eta_c\to X_{i})$ (\%) & $|1+\Pi|^{2}$ & $\sigma^{\rm B}$ (pb) \\ \hline
\endhead

\hline \multicolumn{8}{r}{{Continued on next page}} \\ \hline
\endfoot

\hline
\endlastfoot

4.0974 &  7.254 &  0 &  3 & $ -1.5^{+1.9}_{-0.8} $ & 1.37 &  1.052 & $ -28.0^{+34.6}_{-15.3}$\\
4.1074 &  7.146 &  1 &  0 & $~~1.0^{+2.4}_{-0.8} $ & 1.38 &  1.052 & $~~~18.9^{+44.7}_{-15.6}$\\
4.1174 &  7.648 &  1 &  1 & $~~0.5^{+2.6}_{-0.9} $ & 1.39 &  1.052 & $~~~~8.8^{+45.1}_{-16.3}$\\
4.1274 &  7.207 &  1 &  4 & $ -1.0^{+2.8}_{-1.3} $ & 1.40 &  1.053 & $ -18.5^{+51.5}_{-23.4}$\\
4.1374 &  7.268 &  4 &  5 & $~~1.5^{+3.6}_{-2.2} $ & 1.41 &  1.052 & $~~~27.2^{+65.0}_{-39.9}$\\
4.1424 &  7.774 &  1 &  5 & $ -1.5^{+2.9}_{-1.4} $ & 1.42 &  1.052 & $ -25.3^{+48.1}_{-22.9}$\\
4.1474 &  7.662 &  2 &  0 & $~~2.0^{+2.7}_{-1.3} $ & 1.43 &  1.053 & $~~~34.0^{+45.8}_{-21.9}$\\
4.1574 &  7.954 &  1 &  1 & $~~0.5^{+2.6}_{-0.9} $ & 1.45 &  1.054 & $~~~~8.1^{+41.5}_{-14.9}$\\
4.1674 & 18.008 &  2 &  5 & $ -0.5^{+3.1}_{-1.7} $ & 1.46 &  1.054 & $  -3.5^{+22.2}_{-11.9}$\\
4.1774 &  7.309 &  1 &  4 & $ -1.0^{+2.8}_{-1.3} $ & 1.45 &  1.055 & $ -17.5^{+48.8}_{-22.2}$\\
4.1874 &  7.560 &  0 &  3 & $ -1.5^{+1.9}_{-0.8} $ & 1.45 &  1.056 & $ -25.5^{+31.5}_{-13.9}$\\
4.1924 &  7.503 &  4 &  4 & $~~2.0^{+3.5}_{-2.1} $ & 1.45 &  1.057 & $~~~34.2^{+60.3}_{-36.6}$\\
4.1974 &  7.582 &  8 &  3 & $~~6.5^{+4.2}_{-2.9} $ & 1.45 &  1.057 & $ ~109.4^{+70.7}_{-48.6}$\\
4.2004 &  6.815 &  1 &  4 & $ -1.0^{+2.8}_{-1.3} $ & 1.46 &  1.057 & $ -18.7^{+52.0}_{-23.6}$\\
4.2034 &  7.638 &  2 &  3 & $~~0.5^{+3.0}_{-1.5} $ & 1.46 &  1.057 & $~~~~8.3^{+49.9}_{-25.4}$\\
4.2074 &  7.678 &  5 &  5 & $~~2.5^{+3.8}_{-2.4} $ & 1.47 &  1.057 & $~~~41.1^{+62.1}_{-39.7}$\\
4.2124 &  7.768 &  0 &  4 & $ -2.0^{+2.0}_{-1.0} $ & 1.48 &  1.056 & $ -32.4^{+31.6}_{-15.5}$\\
4.2174 &  7.935 &  5 &  2 & $~~4.0^{+3.6}_{-2.3} $ & 1.49 &  1.057 & $~~~62.9^{+57.0}_{-35.4}$\\
4.2224 &  8.212 &  2 &  3 & $~~0.5^{+3.0}_{-1.5} $ & 1.50 &  1.057 & $~~~~7.5^{+45.3}_{-23.0}$\\
4.2274 &  8.193 &  9 &  2 & $~~8.0^{+4.3}_{-3.0} $ & 1.52 &  1.056 & $ ~119.6^{+64.4}_{-45.0}$\\
4.2324 &  8.273 &  8 &  6 & $~~5.0^{+4.3}_{-3.0} $ & 1.53 &  1.056 & $~~~73.4^{+63.5}_{-44.2}$\\
4.2374 &  7.830 &  7 &  6 & $~~4.0^{+4.2}_{-2.8} $ & 1.54 &  1.056 & $~~~61.7^{+64.2}_{-43.8}$\\
4.2404 &  8.571 &  7 &  5 & $~~4.5^{+4.1}_{-2.8} $ & 1.54 &  1.056 & $~~~63.2^{+57.9}_{-39.3}$\\
4.2424 &  8.487 &  7 &  1 & $~~6.5^{+3.9}_{-2.6} $ & 1.54 &  1.056 & $~~~92.1^{+55.7}_{-37.0}$\\
4.2454 &  8.554 & 10 &  4 & $~~8.0^{+4.6}_{-3.3} $ & 1.55 &  1.055 & $ ~112.5^{+63.8}_{-45.7}$\\
4.2474 &  8.596 &  9 &  6 & $~~6.0^{+4.5}_{-3.2} $ & 1.55 &  1.055 & $~~~83.9^{+62.6}_{-44.4}$\\
4.2524 &  8.657 & 12 &  5 & $~~9.5^{+4.9}_{-3.6} $ & 1.55 &  1.054 & $ ~132.0^{+67.4}_{-49.8}$\\
4.2574 &  8.880 &  7 &  8 & $~~3.0^{+4.3}_{-2.9} $ & 1.55 &  1.054 & $~~~40.6^{+57.5}_{-39.7}$\\
4.2624 &  8.629 &  6 &  4 & $~~4.0^{+3.9}_{-2.6} $ & 1.55 &  1.053 & $~~~55.7^{+54.5}_{-35.7}$\\
4.2674 &  8.548 &  3 &  4 & $~~1.0^{+3.3}_{-1.9} $ & 1.55 &  1.053 & $~~~14.0^{+46.5}_{-26.5}$\\
4.2724 &  8.567 &  3 &  5 & $~~0.5^{+3.4}_{-2.0} $ & 1.56 &  1.053 & $~~~~7.0^{+47.0}_{-27.3}$\\
4.2774 &  8.723 &  7 &  4 & $~~5.0^{+4.1}_{-2.8} $ & 1.56 &  1.053 & $~~~68.3^{+55.7}_{-37.6}$\\
4.2824 &  8.596 & 11 &  7 & $~~7.5^{+4.8}_{-3.5} $ & 1.57 &  1.053 & $ ~103.6^{+66.2}_{-48.5}$\\
4.2874 &  9.010 &  6 & 11 & $~~0.5^{+4.2}_{-2.9} $ & 1.57 &  1.053 & $~~~~6.6^{+55.3}_{-38.0}$\\
4.2974 &  8.453 &  8 &  7 & $~~4.5^{+4.4}_{-3.1} $ & 1.57 &  1.052 & $~~~63.0^{+61.1}_{-42.8}$\\
4.3074 &  8.599 &  8 &  9 & $~~3.5^{+4.4}_{-3.1} $ & 1.57 &  1.052 & $~~~48.2^{+61.2}_{-43.2}$\\
4.3174 &  9.342 &  8 &  6 & $~~5.0^{+4.3}_{-3.0} $ & 1.57 &  1.052 & $~~~63.5^{+54.9}_{-38.3}$\\
4.3274 &  8.657 &  7 &  3 & $~~5.5^{+4.0}_{-2.7} $ & 1.57 &  1.051 & $~~~75.5^{+55.4}_{-37.1}$\\
4.3374 &  8.700 &  9 &  3 & $~~7.5^{+4.4}_{-3.1} $ & 1.58 &  1.051 & $ ~102.0^{+59.2}_{-41.6}$\\
4.3474 &  8.542 &  7 &  4 & $~~5.0^{+4.1}_{-2.8} $ & 1.59 &  1.051 & $~~~68.8^{+56.1}_{-37.9}$\\
4.3574 &  8.063 &  8 &  5 & $~~5.5^{+4.3}_{-3.0} $ & 1.60 &  1.051 & $~~~79.5^{+61.9}_{-42.9}$\\
4.3674 &  8.498 &  8 &  5 & $~~5.5^{+4.3}_{-3.0} $ & 1.61 &  1.052 & $~~~74.9^{+58.3}_{-40.5}$\\
4.3774 &  8.158 &  5 &  8 & $~~1.0^{+3.9}_{-2.6} $ & 1.62 &  1.052 & $~~~14.1^{+55.3}_{-36.3}$\\
4.3874 &  7.460 & 10 &  1 & $~~9.5^{+4.4}_{-3.1} $ & 1.61 &  1.051 & $ ~147.2^{+68.3}_{-48.6}$\\
4.3924 &  7.430 &  4 &  3 & $~~2.5^{+3.5}_{-2.1} $ & 1.61 &  1.051 & $~~~39.0^{+54.2}_{-32.4}$\\
4.3974 &  7.178 &  4 & 11 & $ -1.5^{+3.9}_{-2.5} $ & 1.61 &  1.052 & $ -24.2^{+62.2}_{-40.6}$\\
4.4074 &  6.352 &  4 &  6 & $~~1.0^{+3.6}_{-2.3} $ & 1.60 &  1.053 & $~~~18.3^{+66.4}_{-41.3}$\\
4.4174 &  7.519 &  5 &  4 & $~~3.0^{+3.7}_{-2.4} $ & 1.60 &  1.053 & $~~~46.4^{+57.7}_{-36.6}$\\
4.4224 &  7.436 & 11 &  2 & $~10.0^{+4.6}_{-3.3} $ & 1.60 &  1.053 & $ ~156.2^{+71.9}_{-52.0}$\\
4.4274 &  6.788 &  2 &  2 & $~~1.0^{+2.9}_{-1.4} $ & 1.61 &  1.053 & $~~~17.1^{+50.2}_{-24.6}$\\
4.4374 &  7.634 &  3 &  4 & $~~1.0^{+3.3}_{-1.9} $ & 1.62 &  1.055 & $~~~15.0^{+49.8}_{-28.4}$\\
4.4474 &  7.677 &  2 &  4 & $~~0.0^{+3.1}_{-1.6} $ & 1.63 &  1.055 & $~~~~0.0^{+45.6}_{-23.9}$\\
4.4574 &  8.724 &  6 &  5 & $~~3.5^{+4.0}_{-2.6} $ & 1.64 &  1.055 & $~~~45.5^{+51.5}_{-34.0}$\\
4.4774 &  8.167 &  7 &  5 & $~~4.5^{+4.1}_{-2.8} $ & 1.64 &  1.055 & $~~~62.4^{+57.2}_{-38.8}$\\
4.4974 &  7.997 &  2 &  9 & $ -2.5^{+3.3}_{-2.0} $ & 1.65 &  1.055 & $ -35.3^{+47.1}_{-27.7}$\\
4.5174 &  8.674 &  1 &  8 & $ -3.0^{+3.0}_{-1.6} $ & 1.65 &  1.055 & $ -38.9^{+39.2}_{-20.9}$\\
4.5374 &  9.335 &  3 &  8 & $ -1.0^{+3.5}_{-2.1} $ & 1.65 &  1.055 & $ -12.0^{+42.3}_{-25.8}$\\
4.5474 &  8.765 &  1 &  5 & $ -1.5^{+2.9}_{-1.4} $ & 1.65 &  1.054 & $ -19.3^{+36.6}_{-17.5}$\\
4.5574 &  8.259 &  1 &  4 & $ -1.0^{+2.8}_{-1.3} $ & 1.65 &  1.055 & $ -13.7^{+38.1}_{-17.3}$\\
4.5674 &  8.390 &  2 &  1 & $~~1.5^{+2.9}_{-1.4} $ & 1.64 &  1.055 & $~~~20.2^{+38.7}_{-18.3}$\\
4.5774 &  8.545 &  2 &  4 & $~~0.0^{+3.1}_{-1.6} $ & 1.64 &  1.055 & $~~~~0.0^{+40.7}_{-21.3}$\\
4.5874 &  8.162 &  4 &  3 & $~~2.5^{+3.5}_{-2.1} $ & 1.63 &  1.055 & $~~~34.7^{+48.3}_{-28.9}$\\
\end{longtable*}

\newpage

\section{Definition of likelihood function}
In the maximum likelihood fit to the dressed cross sections of $e^+e^-\to\pph_{c}$, the likelihood
is defined as:
\begin{equation}
L(\mu^{\rm sig};p) = \prod_{i=1}^{17}L_{i}(\mu^{\rm sig};p_{i})\prod_{j=1}^{62}L_{j}(\mu^{\rm sig};p_{j}),
\end{equation}
where $\mu^{\rm sig}$ is the expected number of signal events, $p_{i}$ and $p_{j}$
are the parameters in the likelihood functions. $L_{i}$ and $L_{j}$ are the
likelihood functions for the $XYZ$ and R-scan data samples,
respectively.

The likelihood functions for the $XYZ$ and R-scan data samples are defined
differently due to the different statistics of the samples.  For the
$XYZ$ data sample,
where the statistics is large, the likelihood function is described by
an asymmetric Gaussian function
$L_{i}=G(\mu^{\rm sig}_{i}; m_{i},\sigma_{i}^{\rm
  left},\sigma_{i}^{\rm right})$,
\begin{eqnarray}
G(\mu_{i}^{\rm sig};m_{i},\sigma_{i}^{\rm left},\sigma_{i}^{\rm right}) & = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}
(\sigma_{i}^{\rm left}+\sigma_{i}^{\rm right})}e^{-\frac{(\mu_{i}^{\rm sig}-m_{i})^{2}}
{2(\sigma_{i}^{\rm left})^{2}}}, \mu_{i}^{\rm sig}<m_{i};\nonumber\\
& & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}
(\sigma_{i}^{\rm left}+\sigma_{i}^{\rm right})}e^{-\frac{(\mu_{i}^{\rm sig}-m_{i})^{2}}
{2(\sigma_{i}^{\rm right})^{2}}}, \mu_{i}^{\rm sig}\geq m_{i};
\end{eqnarray}
By scanning the number of $h_{c}$ signal events in the fit to the $\gamma\eta_c$
invariant mass spectrum, the likelihood value as a function of expected signal
events $\mu_{i}^{\rm sig}$ is obtained. The parameters of the Gaussian function
are determined from a fit to the likelihood distribution. For the R-scan data sample,
the likelihood is defined as:
\begin{equation}
L_{j}(\mu_{j}^{\rm sig};N_{j}^{\rm sig}, N_{j}^{\rm side}) = \int_{0}^{\infty}P(N_{j}^{\rm sig};
\mu_{j}^{\rm sig}+f\cdot\mu_{j}^{\rm bkg})P(N_{j}^{\rm side};\mu_{j}^{\rm bkg})d\mu_{j}^{\rm bkg},
\end{equation}
where $P(N;\mu)=\frac{1}{N!}\mu^{N}e^{-\mu}$ is the Poisson distribution,
$\mu_{j}^{\rm sig}$ and $\mu_{j}^{\rm bkg}$ are the number of expected number
of signal and background events, respectively.

\section{Correlation matrix from the fit to the cross section}
The correlation matrix of the fit parameters from the fit the to the
dressed cross sections of $e^+e^-\to\pph_{c}$ is
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
$\bordermatrix{
      & M_{1} & \Gamma_{1} & (\Gamma_{ee}\mathcal{B})_{1} & \phi & M_{2} & \Gamma_{2} & (\Gamma_{ee}\mathcal{B})_{2} \cr
M_{1} &1.000  &  -0.420    & 0.104                        & 0.136 &~~~0.184  & -0.449     & ~~~0.078 \cr
\Gamma_{1}  & & ~~~1.000   & 0.191                        & 0.077 &~~~0.478  &~~~0.096    & ~~~0.079 \cr
(\Gamma_{ee}{\cal B})_{1} & &   & 1.000                        & 0.992 &~~~0.020  & -0.102     & ~~~0.985 \cr
\phi  &       &            &                              & 1.000 &-0.049    & -0.119     & ~~~0.993 \cr
M_{2} &       &            &                              &       & ~~~1.000 & -0.306     & -0.113\cr
\Gamma_{2}  & &            &                              &       &          &~~~1.000    & -0.017\cr
(\Gamma_{ee}{\cal B})_{2} & &   &                              &       &          &            & ~~~1.000 \cr
}$
\end{figure}\\
where $M_{j}$, $\Gamma_{j}$, and $(\Gamma_{ee}{\cal B})_{j}$ ($j=1,~2$) are the mass, the total width,
and the product of the electronic partial and the branching fraction to $\pph_{c}$ for the two
resonances, respectively; $\phi$ is the relative phase between two Breit-Wigner functions.
\end{appendix}

\end{document}

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Bowers & Wilkins 600 Series Anniversary Edition Theater 5.1 Speaker System Review
Bowers & Wilkins 600 Series Anniversary Edition speakers celebrate 25 years of production with the promise of higher performance.
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The original Bowers & Wilkins 600 Series speakers were introduced twenty-five years ago and they have been the company's best-selling speaker line over the years, so an update to the line is certainly noteworthy. The 600 Series Anniversary Edition line celebrates six generations of engineering improvements and the sale of over one million units.
The new 600 Series Anniversary Edition is the seventh generation of the 600 Series and is comprised of four speaker models,: the 603 S2 floor standing speaker ($2,000 per pair); the 606 S2 stand-mounted speaker ($800 per pair); the 607 S2 compact stand-mounted speaker ($700 per pair);, and; the HTM6 S2 center channel ($800, each). Optional stands are available for the 606 S2 and 607 S2. Three powered subwoofers – the ASW608, ASW610 and ASW610XP ($500, $800, and $1,500, respectively) – provide low-frequency reinforcement for the series. B&W sells a pair of the 603 S2, a pair of the 607 S2, a HTM6 S2 center, and a ASW610 sub as a package for $4,300.
Although this series is the entry level series of Bowers & Wilkins' home audio lineup, its speakers do benefit from technology borrowed from B&W's reference-grade speakers. The new speakers borrow crossover technology and components used in the more expensive 700 Series Signature range. The 600 Anniversary series incorporates a "refined and upgraded" version of the Decoupled Double Dome tweeter, which pushes the breakup point to 38kHz. The midrange's Continuum cone, which was first used in the 800 Series Diamond, promises to provide improved detail and accuracy in comparison to prior midrange drivers. The 600 Anniversary Series speakers also feature a revised and upgraded crossover design.
The 600 Series Anniversary Edition speakers are available in four finishes: white, black, oak, and a special-order red cherry. My review samples were finished in a matte black. The vinyl wrap finish was plain but cleanly applied.
The 603 S2 is a three-way, ported design with a slender profile featuring a one-inch aluminum dome tweeter, a six-inch Continuum midrange driver, and two 6.5-inch paper bass cones. An optional plinth-style base can be installed for additional stability, good to have if pets or younger listeners are around. The grilles are secured with hidden magnets, which allow for a clean front baffle. The clean baffle coupled with the pleasant aesthetic of the contrasting silver finish of the tweeter and midrange, and the black of the two woofers on bottom makes for a clean, modern look.
The 603 S2 tower is 41.5 inches high when mounted on its base, 7.5 inches wide, and 13.4 inches deep. The plinth style base is 12.6 inches wide and 14.6 inches deep, so despite the narrow profile of the speaker, you will need some additional clear floor space if you want to use the base. The 53.1-pound speaker feels pretty solid but is not as inert as the similarly-sized but more-expensive Revel F206 / F226Be. Bowers & Wilkins states the frequency response as 48Hz to 28kHz (+/-3dB, with a 6 dB down point of 28Hz). Nominal impedance for all passive speakers in the series is 8 Ohms, and the sensitivity of the 603 S2 is stated at 88.5 dB (2.83V, 1m).
All of the speakers in the line feature what appears to be the same rear plate, with double binding posts in case you want to bi-wire and B&W's familiar dimpled and flared port. A two-part foam bung is supplied so you can partially or fully plug the port to tune the speaker to your listening room and the speakers' positions therein.
The ASW 610 sits in the middle of the ASW 600 series subwoofer lineup. As with its siblings, it's a front-firing, sealed suspension design. The built-in Class D amplifier is rated at 200 watts and has a frequency response of 26Hz to 140 Hz (+/- 3dB), with a 6dB down point of 20Hz.
Setting Up the Bowers & Wilkins 600 Series Anniversary Edition Theatre System
The speakers arrived securely packed in cardboard boxes with clear instructions on the outside, which made unboxing them a breeze. I installed the base plinths in just a few minutes with the four included bolts and included Allen wrench. The speakers come with sets of simple spikes for carpeted floors and rounded plastic feet for hard surfaces. The included manuals provide clear, easy-to-follow instructions and setup advice.
I listened to the 603 S2s and 607 S2s in both stereo and multi-channel configurations. Starting with the stereo system, I used the Naim Uniti Atom all-in-one music player (reviewed here), connecting everything with Austere cabling. I had a pair of SVS SB-2000 Pro subwoofers (reviewed here) already set up in the room, so I tried those with the 607 S2's until I got the B&W ASW 610 in from the garage and unboxed. The ASW 610 does not come with an App or any sort of room correction software, but does provide a back-panel controls for both line and speaker volume, low-pass frequency cutoff (including a switch to disengage), bass extension, equalization, and phase switches. I ended up with the equalization switch set to "A" and bass extension set to "C."
After a few days of two-channel listening I moved the speakers into my theater room where I connected them to my Krell TAS Amplifier (reviewed here) and Marantz AV8805 AV Preamplifier(reviewed here). Oppo's UDP-203 (reviewed here) and a Roku Ultra (latest model reviewed here) were my primary sources. The HTM6 S2 sat on top of a low equipment rack and the ASW 610 was positioned just inside the right-channel 603 S2.
How Does the Bowers & Wilkins 600 Series Anniversary Edition Theatre System Sound?
Joss Stone's "Chokin Kind" from The Soul Sessions (Tidal, Virgin) can quickly reveal problems in the upper midrange and treble, but the 603 S2s handled themselves very well. Stone's voice can be hard to reproduce cleanly, and the 603 S2s did so with only a hint of hardness at higher volumes. So far, the new tweeter was off to a good start.
The drums on this track provide a solid foundation without being overpowering, and the B&Ws did a good job of portraying them with composure, never devolving into the sort of one-note bass that can plague lesser ported speakers. I found the dynamics to be good even at volumes louder than I could comfortably listen to.
Joss Stone - The Chokin Kind
"Everything I Wanted" by Billie Eilish (Tidal, Interscope Records) provided solid imaging with Eilish's solo vocals, solidly positioned in space slightly behind the plane of the speakers. While most of the track features synthesized music, Eilish's now-familiar voice provided ample opportunity for balanced, detailed, and natural musical reproduction., The layered chorus vocal tracks were a bit diffuse. as they were on the other speaker systems through which I auditioned this track. The 603 S2s were able to reproduce the synthesized bass without losing any composure at low to moderate volumes, whereas the smaller 607 S2's provided more low-frequency energy than I expected from their compact cabinets, but quickly lost detail and energy below about 50 Hz. I found I was able to easily integrate a pair of SVS SB-2000 Pro subwoofers to extend low frequency extension.
The B&W ASW610 subwoofer took a bit more work to integrate with the 607 S2s in a stereo configuration, but worked well once it was dialed in. Before I moved the speakers out of this room, I tried the 603 S2s with the ASW 610 on this track and found that they too benefitted from the extra extension. If I had not heard the track with the subwoofer, I would not have missed the extra bass energy, but once I heard it, I realized the 603 S2s could not quite reach low enough to reproduce everything on the track.
Before moving to multi-channel music or movies I felt compelled to try at least one stereotypical audiophile recording. I went with "Bird on a Wire" from Jennifer Warnes' album Famous Blue Raincoat (CD, Private Music). I have heard this track on countless systems, and while the vocals and instruments are all well-recorded in their own right, it is the imaging and soundstage that set this recording apart. The 603 S2s did a good job with the lateral portion of the soundstage, but the depth seemed slightly compressed not matter how I adjusted the speaker positioning. It was still quite good, but couldn't match the depth of soundstage I've obtained with other, similarly sized speakers. Jennifer Warnes' voice was rendered with greater detail and more neutrally than on the B&W 683 towers I reviewed a little over a decade ago, though.
Bird on a Wire (Digitally Remastered)
I listened to several multi-channel music discs, one of them being 'The Eagles' Hell Freezes Over (DVD, Image). The multi-channel soundstage was much larger than what I was able to achieve with the stereo version of this album and the individual instruments were placed in the proper position. The drums from "Hotel California" were produced with speed and palpable impact. The subwoofer did a good job reproducing the different drum notes without any bloat or blurring.
I tried a couple other multi-channel music discs and found that bass heavy tracks from Crystal Method's Legion of Boom (DVD-Audio, DTS) were too much for the single ASW 610. This disc has a lot of synthesized bass elements that, when played with larger Paradigm or SVS subwoofers, pressurize the room. A single ASW 610 could not pressurize my 12- by 17-foot room with notes under 30 Hz. If you are seeking to pressurize a mid- to large-sized room with powerful, low-frequency bass, you'll either want a second ASW 610 or a more powerful sub such as the ASW 610 XP.
I could not complete a review of a 5.1 theatre (British speakers so British spelling) system without at least one movie. In anticipation of Top Gun: Maverick, my son and I watched Top Gun, (UHD, Paramount) again (my wife refused to join us). I think this may be the second or third time we've watched it during the pandemic. The HTM6 S2 kept up with the 603 S2s when it came to vocal clarity, maintaining its composure and timbre until I was way off to the side, well beyond 45 degrees off-center. I suspect the relatively close positioning of the midrange drivers allowed for this MTM-style speaker to maintain its performance across a wide range of listening positions.
The Dolby Atmos soundtrack is well done, with both lots of detail and lots of low frequency energy to give the B&W 600 Series Anniversary Edition Theatre system a good workout. I was not surprised to hear lots of detail in all channels. The dialogue was always rendered clearly, as were the sonic cues providing differing positioning details.
Even though the movie is filled with action scenes, there are several dialogue-heavy scenes where the characters' positions move laterally across the screen. This tests the system's ability to remain consistent as the vocals are passed from the center channel to the main front speakers. The B&W 600 Series Anniversary Edition did well with this. The towers have more lower midrange weight which was only noticeable if listening very closely on deeper voices. I would be surprised if any listeners noticed this unless they were listening very closely just for timbre mismatching.
I was able to play the movie at reference levels and with the front left and right speakers running full range without any obvious signs of the speakers' reaching their limits. That said, if you are looking to play your action movies above reference levels, I would suggest running the towers as "small" and having a capable subwoofer (or two) handling the low bass in order to provide even more dynamic range.
Top Gun (1986) Official Trailer - Tom Cruise Movie
The 600 Series Anniversary Edition does a lot right, but there were a few things I would like to see improved upon. The aesthetics are a bit plain, but I think the clean lines work well with the white or black finishes. The magnetic grill of one of the sample speakers fell off every few days, but since it was only one of five speakers to perform this spontaneous striptease, it might be an anomaly. As the 600 Anniversary Series Theatre is relatively compact, some owners might be inclined to place them in tighter quarters. The rear port design could be problematic in tight spaces, though.
The ASW subwoofer series is lacking some features commonly found in many competitors that help with ease of setup. The ASW series lacks any sort of auto-EQ or room correction, which will not be an issue for those who are also using a modern receiver or preamp with room correction, but could be a problem for those using it in a two-channel system. I have become spoiled by subwoofers with app-controlled setup, which makes subwoofer setup much easier and faster.
How Does the Bowers & Wilkins 600 Series Anniversary Edition Theatre Compare to the Competition?
There are several competing speaker lineups that provide similar options: Focal's Chora line, SVS Sound's Prime Pinnacle line, and the Paradigm Premier line. I have only heard the Focal Chora (the stand-mounted 806) and it would probably be comparable to the B&W 606 S2 in performance. While I have not heard the SVS or Paradigm speakers, I have heard good things about them from my colleagues. All have multiple speaker options that would allow for a similarly configured and priced 5.1 system.
I note that the Focal Chora subwoofer is more similar to the B&W ASW line, in that it is a sealed suspension design with manual back-panel controls. The Paradigm subwoofers are ported and the SVS Subwoofers can be had in either ported or sealed configurations. SVS Sound and Paradigm subwoofers both come with app control and Paradigm has Anthem Room Correction built in.
The B&W 600 Series Anniversary Edition Theatre system provides a lot of performance for its relatively modest price. I was pleasantly surprised by the increase in performance from the last 600 series speaker system I reviewed. Normally "new and improved" is a small incremental change, here it was readily apparent. There was less coloration than the B&W 683's I reviewed in the past, more resolution in lower levels, and more dynamic range.
The 603 S2s provide solid performance on their own or as part of a larger system. The 607 S2s would be good for a small bedroom or office, but even then, I would want to have a subwoofer handle the lower frequencies, as that would both increase the dynamic range and provide better definition below about 50 Hz.
The combination of the components made for a system that was capable and satisfying with both music and movies alike. When listening to familiar music through the system, it just sounded right. There was good balance from top to bottom without any undue coloration calling attention to itself. For those who need more resolution or dynamic range, there is always the B&W 700 Series, but the 600 Series provides good performance at a fair price, making it easy to recommend for audition.
• Visit the Bowers and Wilkins website for more product information.
• Bowers & Wilkins PX7 Over-Ear Noise-Canceling Wireless Headphone Review at HomeTheaterReview.com.
• Bowers & Wilkins 600 Series Anniversary Edition Theater 5.1 System First Look at HomeTheaterReview.com.
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text:
Fidelity To Allow Retirement Savings
Forex news / By admin
This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site, including, for example, the order in which they may appear within the listing categories. But this compensation does not influence the information we publish, or the reviews that you see on this site. We do not include the universe of companies or financial offers that may be available to you. Investors on the hunt for another do-it-all broker should research Charles Schwab or Interactive Brokers, especially the latter's no-fee tier of service. Merrill Edge is a solid pick for research or those looking to consolidate their accounts with Bank of America. Finally, if you need access to crypto and can do without a high level of service, check out Robinhood or Webull. The biggest tool at Fidelity is Active Trader Pro, the broker's flagship trading platform.
Employees will benefit from a fully integrated retirement plan, digital experience and education to help them make informed decisions.
"We believe our solution meets all the fiduciary standards under ERISA," the federal law that oversees retirement plans.
Abby owns an estimated 24.5% of the company's stock and lists a net worth of $20 billion as of January 2018.
You can select from various chart types and time-based chart periods.
Compson adds that Fidelity studies show 95% of its investors in direct indexing gain enough tax benefits to cover their fees, and it shows up precisely on an investor's statement to make it readily known. Fidelity said its Bitcoin-holding 401 offering addressed many of the concerns that the Labor Department raised about adding cryptocurrency to retirement accounts. Christine Benz, director of personal finance for Morningstar, tweeted her concerns with Fidelity's move, saying that "fiduciaries should find it difficult/impossible to justify putting crypto in retirement plans." Plan fiduciaries Compare DotBig мы Fidelity Investments brokerage should assess whether any appropriate "guardrails" can be established to allay the concerns of the DOL. Vanguard Group, another large provider of 401 plan services, has taken a different track and purged crypto from its investment platforms. Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the world's largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. Reuters provides business, financial, national and international news to professionals via desktop terminals, the world's media organizations, industry events and directly to consumers.
Rihanna's Bestselling Fenty Perfume Is Finally Back In Stock
That includes individual and joint accounts, business accounts (SEP IRA and solo 401), health savings accounts, 529 education savings plans and many more. Investopedia is dedicated to providing investors with unbiased, comprehensive reviews and ratings of online brokers. We established a rating scale based on our criteria, collecting thousands of data points that we weighed into our star-scoring system. Fidelity additionally offers fractional share investing for more than 7,000 US stocks and ETFs. This allows you to purchase smaller portions of investments at lower costs. And when it comes to mutual funds, you can also invest in Fidelity's ZERO expense ratio index mutual funds. These mutual funds contain a $0 account minimum and 0% expense ratio .
When running the fund, Johnson's objective was to buy stocks with a potential for growth, and not necessarily blue-chip stocks. The investment information provided in this table is for informational and general educational purposes only and should not be construed as investment or financial advice. Bankrate does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor compare DotBig and Fidelity Investments does it provide individualized recommendations or personalized investment advice. Investment decisions should be based on an evaluation of your own personal financial situation, needs, risk tolerance and investment objectives. Designed for active investors and traders, ATP is fully customizable, so you can set up your workspace to suit your preferences.
Fidelity Investments Review 2022
The employer that oversees the retirement savings plan would have to decide to include the digital assets account. Digital assets are speculative and highly volatile, can become illiquid at any time, and are for investors with a high-risk tolerance. Investors in digital assets could lose the entire value of their investment. You can access one-on-one advice with Fidelity Personalized Planning & Advice, Fidelity Wealth Management, and Fidelity Private Wealth Management, but https://innov8tiv.com/brokers-comparison-dotbig-vs-fidelity-3/ these options will cost you more. However, Fidelity also offers free, one-on-one reviews of all of your investment accounts, so beginners can also utilize this service. According to Fidelity's website, the brokerage utilizes investment analysis and stock research from more than 20 independent providers, including Thomson Reuters StarMine. Fidelity also provides market insights and commentary through Fidelity Viewpoints, and it offers several retirement and investing tools.
Through the new offering, employees will be able to invest in bitcoin through a Digital Assets Account within the core lineup of their 401 plans, Fidelity said. Unlike Fidelity Go and Fidelity Personalized Planning & Advice, Fidelity Wealth Services provides automatic access to a financial advisor who solely provides personalized investment management (there's no automated management https://www.bankrate.com/banking/biggest-banks-in-america/ involved). If you'd like to access one-on-one personalized advice and automated investment management, you can do so with a minimum investment of $25,000. Fidelity Personalized Planning & Advice matches you with a CFP who guides you through the investment process. You can find accounts and investments for almost every type of investor at Fidelity and Charles Schwab.
Melvin Capital Down 23 3% Year To Date As Founder Considers Winding Down Fund
Fidelity Management and Research in 2009 opened offices in both Hong Kong and Tokyo, Japan to add capabilities to its small cap research. The founding Johnson family, individually and through various trusts, owns stock representing a 49% voting interest in FMR, and have signed agreements pledging to vote all their shares as a bloc. Edward Johnson III was chairman of the group, but was replaced by his daughter, Abigail Johnson. In 2001, Geode Capital Management was established to run and incubate investment strategies for FMR. In 1969, the company formed Fidelity International Limited to serve non-U.S. Markets and subsequently spun it off in 1980 into an independent entity owned by its employees. While the trade ticket calculates a short-term or long-term gain/loss for the order, there isn't a standalone tool to calculate the tax impact of future trades.
Youre Our First Priority Every Time
Schwab has a good argument when it comes to tax advantages, says Iraklis Kourtidis, CEO of Rowboat Advisors and builder of Wealthfront's direct indexing system by email. "A $5K minimum for direct indexing is like using a commercial KitchenAid to scramble a single egg," she writes by email. Asked whether Schwab is working towards lower minimums, Schwab spokeswoman Mayura Hooper did not rule it out but says that low direct indexing minimums are overkill. On Tuesday, a group of 13 organizations representing investors, consumers, workers and retirees sent a letter in support of the Labor Department's cautionary stance. "The Department of Labor is substituting its own opinion on crypto for what rightly belongs to plan sponsor fiduciaries," said Mr. Gray, who said Fidelity's new account addressed many of the agency's concerns. A decentralized autonomous organization, or DAO, is an organizational structure built with blockchain technology that is often described as a crypto co-op. DAOs form for a common purpose, like investing in start-ups, managing a stablecoin or buying NFTs.
Even if you're not yet a customer, you can check them out for free to see if you like them. Account minimums may apply to certain account types (e.g., managed accounts). Online U.S. Dotbig.com comparison equity trades, ETFs, and options (+ $.65 per contract fee) in a retail Fidelity Account. Options Regulatory Fee (from $0.03 to $0.05 per contract), applies to both buys and sells.


KUALA LUMPUR: Property developer Jaya Upaya Corp Sdn Bhd expects to sell all its boutique bungalows at Milano@Kemuning by the end of this month after receiving overwhelming response during the project's launch on March 6.
Managing director Lee Cheng Bing told StarBiz the company had already sold 50% of the 38 three-storey boutique bungalows.
"We are optimistic based on the feedback we received during the property's launch where we managed to attract about 300 walk-in potential buyers and investors.
"With the economy heading for improvement and attractive interest rates from the banks, we should be able to sell all the remaining units by end of this month," he said.
Lee said the bungalows were priced at RM1.5mil to RM2.3mil for lot sizes ranging from 4,000 to 7,500 sq ft. The project is located near the Kesas Highway.
"A new highway is under development now to connect Kota Kemuning to Shah Alam.
"Milano@Kemuning will be much more accessible once the highway is opened," he said.
He said the outlook for the property market was improving with most big developers upgrading their developments to come up with more premium products.
"We can see in the areas surrounding Milano@Kemuning that people are still coming to buy properties from the developers though the prices have increased now.
"Our launch that day saw the participation of some buyers in their mid-30s and this is a good sign that more young professional buyers are coming into the market," he said.
Milano@Kemuning is a gated residential scheme on 3.2ha of freehold land next to Alam Impian township and near Kota Kemuning in Shah Alam.
The project has a gross development value of RM80mil and targets completion by the end of 2011.
KUCHING: Naim Holdings Bhd will launch four new residential projects, comprising some 1,000 units with a combined gross development value (GDV) of RM360mil, in Miri and Kuching over the next two years.
Senior director for property Radzali Alision said the projects planned were in Naim's flagship satellite township – Bandar Baru Permyjaya – in Miri, Desa Ilmu and The Riveria in Samarahan near here.
"Eighteen new designs will be introduced.
"House buyers always look for something new, and they do not mind paying 10% to 20% more for better designs and higher quality building materials," he told StarBiz.
The new launches will include about 140 apartments in The Riveria that will offer a commanding view of Sungai Kuap and Sungai Merdang.
Radzali said construction work for the RM60mil Permy Mall in Bandar Baru Permyjaya was expected to start in two months. Scheduled to be operational in the third quarter of 2011, the mall will have a hypermarket, 160 shops and a food court. Naim will own and operate the mall, and lease the shops.
Naim is Sarawak's largest property developer, having built 12,500 houses in Bandar Baru Permyjaya, 800 homes in The Riveria township and 4,000 homes in Desa Ilmu in the past 10 years.
Radzali said about 98% of Naim's launched residential schemes had been taken up with houses priced below RM300,000 selling well.
Last year, Naim sold 560 houses worth RM160mil compared with 630 units worth RM165mil in 2008.
Radzali said Naim was the first developer in Sarawak to introduce 24-month warranty for houses last July and this had helped boost sales.
"This year, we aim to sell some 800 units. Our focus is still affordable houses for the mass market," he added.
Naim has a total undeveloped landbank of over 1,000ha with estimated GDV of between RM5bil and RM6bil, including 400ha in Desa Labang in Bintulu. Radzali said the proposed mixed development – housing and commercial – for Desa Labang was now on the drawing board.
"We have identified several parcels of land in high growth areas in Kuching, Sibu, Kota Kinabalu (Sabah) and Peninsular Malaysia for possible mixed developments," he added.
On the outlook for the Sarawak's propety market, Radzali said most developers had reported good take-up rates for the new launches of their residential schemes.
Talam Corp, a Malaysian property developer, said it signed an agreement to repay debts of RM241.4 million owing to the Selangor state government.
Talam will sell its properties to help settle the debts, the company said in a statement today.
The shares of Talam jumped the most in more than four months after the agreement.
The stock surged 17 per cent to 13.5 sen at 2:36 pm local time in Kuala Lumpur trading, set for the steepest gain since November 2.
PROPERTY developer Asian Retail Mall Fund II (ARMF II) will open a RM180 million shopping mall in SS2, Petaling Jaya in the third quarter of this year.
Named SSTWO Mall, ARMF II has appointed DTZ Nawawi Tie Leung Sdn Bhd as the mall's exclusive leasing agent and centre management team. It has a nett lettable area of almost 470,000 sq ft and houses some 200 shops.


text:
Kevin Federline Joining VH1's "Celebrity Fit Club"
Published Sep 22, 2009 at 4:52 PM | Updated at 5:00 PM PDT on Sep 22, 2009
Receive the latest television updates in your inbox
Britney Spears' ex-hubby and baby daddy Kevin Federline attended a celebrity golf tournament on July 27 sporting a little extra weight.
Kevin Federline is done with being overweight.
Access Hollywood has confirmed Britney Spears' ex-husband is joining the cast of the next installment of VH1's "Celebrity Fit Club."
VIEW THE PHOTOS: The Latest Star Sightings
Federline, a former back-up dancer, has been spotted looking less than trim in recent months.
The move may come as a surprise as many suspected the father of Britney's two children – Sean Preston and Jayden James – was rumored to be doing his own reality show. He has remained coy thus far about that prospect.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Keepin' It Real With TV's Hottest Reality Stars!
Making his move to the show even more interesting is that his ex, Shar Jackson, is rumored to be a fellow contestant this season, along with Bobby Brown and former "Baywatch" babe Nicole Eggert, according to TMZ.
"Celebrity Fit Club" is entering its seventh season on the network.
Previous stars who have slimmed down on the show included Danie Baldwin, Kim Coles, Gary Busey, Kelly LeBrock, Tina Yothers, Warren G., Dustin Diamond and Chastity Bono.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Kevin Federline
PLAY IT NOW: Kevin Federline's Attorney Gives Post-Court Press Conference (May 6, 2008)
PLAY IT NOW: Kevin Federline's Commando
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Kevin Federline - Reality TV - Celebrities - TV - Bobby Brown
Copyright Access Hollywood


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Stations of the Cross
Foreword by Bishop Emeritus Martin Drennan
Most of us who choose to visit here have one thing in common. We want to live life to the full. We want to live well and to die well. To help us towards our goal wisdom to guide us on our journey is always welcome.
The Stations of the Cross have their own special brand of wisdom. They draw us to ponder the last days of the life of Jesus who came among us to show us how to live and how to die. Two words say much about him. In him compassion and fidelity met. His compassion led him to see what people could be. Compassion sees possibilities, it sees potential. It understands and respects those who are fragile and vulnerable. Jesus was a model of compassion and also a man of fidelity, faithful to his own inner truth.
The Stations of the Cross are a sharp reminder of how both his compassion and fidelity were tested to the limit during the final days of Jesus' life. Jesus had to contend with injustice, hatred, corruption, betrayal, abandonment. He remained true to himself, giving in love right to the end. His compassion was also stretched to new limits, stretched to forgiving those who sent him to his death. He died fully used up.
As we reflect on his journey to the Cross he draws into his experience. He has won for us the staying power we need to live compassion and faithfulness to the end. For him death was victory, the triumph of fidelity and mercy. His presence with us gives us confidence that we can live well and die well. The power with us is greater than the task ahead.
See also: Gabriel Hayes, Sculptor of the Stations of the Cross ♦ About the Author ♦ Acknowledgements
The Stations of the Cross in Galway Cathedral
When in 1958 the artist Gabriel Hayes (1909-1978) was commissioned to carve in stone the Stations of the Cross for the Cathedral being built in Galway, she chose Portland stone as material for her creation.
Portland stone is quarried on the Isle of Portland (hence the name) in Dorset on the south coast of England, in the English Channel. Portland stone formed in the last seven million years of the Jurassic period (200 to 145 million years ago) called the Tithonian stage (152 to 145 million years ago), and consists of white-grey limestone beds which are separated by layers of chert. Chert is a sedimentary rock and is also known as 'flint'. Gabriel Hayes came across just one of those flint-stones embedded in Portland stone when she carved the knee of Pontius Pilate shown in the first station: she had to remove the flintstone, i.e. carve it out, and afterward re-carve the knee at a slightly lower level.
Portland stone is found not only in Galway Cathedral, but its material has been used in buildings across the British Isles, and even as far as the United States; examples are the Banqueting Hall of Whitehall Palace (1619 CE) and the east façade of Buckingham Palace (1910 CE); it was used in erecting the building of the United Nations headquarters in New York City (completed in 1952 CE) and for the restoration of St Paul's Cathedral, London (1983 CE).
In 1958, at the age of 50, Gabriel Hayes began carving the fourteen Stations of the Cross, for which she used 28 life-size figures, finishing her monumental work in 1976 after almost eighteen years and just two years before her death.
Just to give the reader an idea about Gabriel Hayes' artistic expressions, may it suffice to call to mind the Irish decimal halfpenny, penny and twopence coins completed and introduced in 1971, the designs of which were another splendid example of the wonderful inspiration and work of Gabriel Hayes.
Gabriel's daughter-in-law, Róisín Fant Ó Ríordáin, has written a wonderful and instructive article about her mother-in-law, the late Gabriel Hayes, which was included in the 50 years' Jubilee Celebration Booklet, and it is with great appreciation to Róisín and with her permission that her article is included below.
Gabriel Hayes - Sculptor of the Stations of the Cross
Róisín Fant Ó Ríordáin
Gabriel Hayes carving "The Ascension"
in the Church of the Ascension, Cork.
Gabriel Hayes Ó Ríordáin was my mother-in-law; as we lived next door I saw her daily as she worked on the Stations of the Cross for Galway Cathedral. Carving the Stations of the Cross was her last major work. The project started when she was 50 years old and finished 17 years later, just shortly before she died.
It was a period of many changes in her life. Her husband, Prof. Sean P. Ó Ríordáin, had just died as well as both her parents, her two children got married, grand-children were born and she moved from her home to a cottage nearer the studio.
She had some frustrations over the Stations, not of her doing, due to delays in moving the work to Galway. But in a letter to Bishop Browne, she said this "was the main work of my life".
The Stations were not made in sequence as Gabriel said it was easier for her to think of the composition of each figure or group while keeping continuity. But she was always picturing where each one was to be placed - what was on either side, so there was no repetition of design. The models for the 28 figures were here neighbours, relatives and friends. When she notices that one visitor had long graceful hands, these were drawn and used for Mary. Other people were photographed or had a casting taken in plaster of a limb - no one was safe. A full-sized model of each station was made for the Bishop to see (and approve) and then chiselled from Portland stone. When working in plaster she carved the piece rather than model it. Later the stone work proved too taxing, even with the help of a local stone-cutter and so the final stations were cast in re-constituted stone from her carved plaster models. One is actually part stone and part casting. The casting was done in Creedon's of Rathmines and Gabriel then worked over the statue with her chisel to give it the final finish. The statues are very large, they were made in the studio on a low platform so that by looking down from a balcony, she could check that the perspective was correct, as they would be placed high up on the cathedral wall. To move these, she had a series of metal rollers which I would reposition as she levered the statues along the floor. She was double my age and had back surgery but I was never allowed to do any heavy lifting - that was her job.
Occasionally, she would discuss with me the design of a station as she visualised it. I am not sure if I was any help, but I hope that even talking about it, clarified her thinking. One I remember in particular was the 6th station. Both of us thought the usual depiction of Veronica holding a towel to wipe his face in a crowded street, would have been a rushed affair, so Christ is using a bundled cloth in his hand. She did very detailed research e.g. studying the work done on the Turin shroud for details of the Roman method of Crucifixion in Palestine at that time. To demonstrate the thoroughness with which she designed each station, I quote from a letter to Dr. Browne. In the 3rd fall, "I was not happy about the action of the left arm, in fact it had too much action, was not limp and listless enough. So I broke it off and re-carved it 3 times before I was content with it. You see the whole figure had to express extreme exhaustion. He had fallen and is in the act of rising to his feet (unaided of course). He sags back on his knees, gasping for breath. I do hope that I have conveyed what was in my mind......it gives some idea of Christ's exhaustion at that time. I have the cross in the background, to suggest that now the final agony is near, and also from an artistic viewpoint, it balances the sag of Christ's Body."
But to start at the beginning, Gabriel was born in Dublin in 1909. Her father, Jeremiah, was a Limerick man who worked in the maintenance department of the prison service. He later made furniture to Gabriel's design. After school in Dominican College, Eccles Street, she spent three years in France and then returned to the Metropolitan School of Art. She won several scholarships and bursaries, and the Taylor prize in 1934. The theme was 'The Prodigal Son' which Gabriel carved in plaster. The statue was sold and the only record is a rather blurred newspaper photograph. While still a student, she started exhibiting at the Royal Hibernian Academy, several pieces each year, paintings, linocuts and some sculpture, - a practice she continued for many years. Later work was dictated by commission, many of which were from the Church. But at that time, she had the freedom to explore subjects that interested her, a portrait of an interesting face, not conventionally beautiful, a wood carving suggested by the shape of the wood etc. Her subjects were quite varied. She had an interest in Eastern art, and many years later enjoyed a visit to Japan. Most of the paintings included people and she also painted portraits (usually friends or fellow students) and several in the form of still life. There is no record of any landscape pictures. A few examples of paintings - "St. Brigid," (1936) a large full-length picture of a country woman, in a cloak, battered straw hat, her skirts pinned up out of the dust, carrying a book and a large staff; she looks a determined woman, with ideas of her own, a leader not a follower, but not obviously pious. "Fionnbhar" (1941) shows her young son, holding his rocking horse (made by her father), and toy doll, - an affectionate portrait of a child. "The Cork Bowler" (1939) was painted at Lough Gur, Co. Limerick where her husband was excavating. It shows the bowler as he was getting ready to throw and another older man, behind, looking intently along the road, gauging the distance. This was included in the National Gallery's exhibition "A Time and a Place" in 2006/7.
In 1934 she was commissioned to carve Stations of the Cross, the first of two sets of stations, the second being done much later for Galway Cathedral. The original series were for the Hospice at Harold's Cross, Dublin. Later these were moved to the church of St. Jude at Willington, Templeogue. These are carved in plaster, showing close-ups of the heads of the characters in each scene, they were uncoloured, with gold haloes, and a plain wooden frame. Three carved wood panels, Madonna and Child, a Pieta, and Head of Christ were taken to Africa.
Gabriel married Sean P. Ó Ríordáin in 1936 when he was appointed professor of Archaeology in U.C.C. and they moved to his home in Monkstown, overlooking Cork Harbour. Her work continued, mostly paintings of Cork people, as she had no studio for carving. In 1940, the Irish Free State government needed extra office space and a new building was erected on Kildare Street for the Department of Industry and Commerce. A competition was held to select a sculptor for panels on the façade. Five well-established artists were invited to submit designs and on the death of one of them, Gabriel's name was included and she was finally selected. She carved 11 limestone panels depicting Irish industry and two carved granite cap-stones of 'Erin' and St. Brendan. This was a major undertaking for a young woman as there is no record of any previous stone carving by her. The press seemed intrigued by the sight of a young woman working high on a scaffolding - what she wore, her slim. delicate hands, mother of two infants etc. etc.
When her husband Sean was awarded the professorship in UCD, the family moved to the banks of the Liffey, near Celbridge and Gabriel lived there until her death. The house had stables and outhouses which she converted into a studio. So she spent some time getting the house in order and converting the outhouse. She also had two young children so she had less time for her own work which continued more slowly.
The 'An Tostal' festival in the early 1950's was her next official commission. The festival was to promote Irish tourism and many events were planned to extend the tourist season. Gabriel won the competition to design the trophies. Two large bronze shields were carved and then cast in bronze, one for sport and the other for the arts. Several were awarded but they proved too costly and a smaller cut-down version was made on a marble base.
Many Madonnas were made in both stone and bronze: Leixlip, Co. Kildare, Merchant's Quay in Dublin, the Servite Priory in Benburb, Co. Tyrone, the Black Valley, Co. Kerry, Westport Church, Co. Mayo, and other religious works include carving of the Ascension on the front of the church, two bronze statues in Glanworth, Co. Cork, of the Madonna and of Christ, a stone statue of St. Brendan (and one of the Stations of the Cross) in St. John's Church in Tralee, Co. Kerry and the Holy Family on a school in Newbridge, Co. Kildare.
Gabriel started producing linocuts as a student and continued for most of her life. Often these were sent as Christmas cards and they have a wide variety of subjects, from a view of Monkstown Castle, 'The New Bridge', beside her house, Christmas Eve in Celtic style, the Three Kings, carol singers, the Christ Child were some of her titles. Quite a few show her understanding of Celtic art, probably encouraged by her archaeologist husband. Most of these were handprinted, but some of them were printed commercially, especially those used as Christmas cards.
After breaking her collarbone in a fall, she was unable to carve. As the forthcoming decimalisation was in the news, she set herself the task of designing new coins, going into the National Museum to study those from other countries. She submitted two drawings to the Department of Finance asking that they be included in any competition. Her designs were accepted and she was then asked to submit a further design for the two-penny coin. She was very pleased to think that all over the country her designs were in so many pockets. As a result of this, the Franklin Mint in the U.S.A. commissioned her to design a series of seven medals, commemorating the life of St. Patrick, which were issued, one each year, from 1972-78.
On finishing the Galway Stations, she wanted to have an exhibition of her own work and drew up a list of proposed paintings. But first, there were some pieces of wood, put aside in the studio for carving, that she was itching to get her hands on. The first of these was the head of "Gráinne Mhaol Ag Feachaint chun na Farraige" which won the gold medal at An Taispeantas Ealaine the year before she died. She also carved a seahorse in beechwood, but that remains unfinished. She did one small painting to get back the 'feel' of that technique and then she painted a larger one "A Study of Old Age." It shows an old broken bench that was lying against the studio wall, and the ghostly image of a child superimposed on it. This was the memory of a photograph of herself as a child, sitting on that same bench. "Here is the bench - what of the child?" A very perceptive view of life and her last painting.
I thank my husband, Fionnbharr for his help, corrections, insights, photographs, and memories of his mother, without which this article would not have been written. - Róisin Fant Ó Ríordáin
Hermann Josef Müllers was born during World War II in 1940 in Viersen, in the Rhineland of Germany.
In 1969 he was sent by his employer to Galway to take up the post of production manager in the company Micromotors, situated in the Industrial Estate, Mervue.
Hermann is married to Evelyn, a Galway girl from Shantalla, and both of them are proud of their five offsprings, three girls and two boys.
Hermann is a member of the Cathedral choir since the early 1990s and a regular reader in the daily weekday Masses at 11:00am and 6:00pm. After completing two booklets about the stained glass windows, Martin Hanley, who had provided the photos of all the windows, suggested compiling an additional booklet about the Stations of the Cross. This idea of a booklet was changed later to become this online article, explaining all 14 Stations, with prayers, reflections and additional information that may prove helpful to visitors to our Cathedral.
May you enjoy this article, and may you, after going home, occasionally take up your tablet and think and pray for sculptress Gabriel Hayes, who created these stunning life-size figures for Galway Cathedral, which - by the grace of God - will still be there for our children and children's children to admire.
Galway, March 2019
My gratitude belongs to several people, without whose invaluable and informative contribution this article would not have been written. I would like to thank first of all Bishop Emeritus Martin Drennan for proofreading, and his kind advice expressed in the Foreword; my thanks are also due to our present Bishop Brendan Kelly for his warm and encouraging words. I am indebted to Fr Michael Mullins for his most prolific and helpful contribution, his wonderful and deeply spiritual expressions, which he used first on the occasion of the unveiling of the bronze plaque dedicated to the sculptress of the Stations, Gabriel Hayes. Thank you, Róisin Fant Ó Ríordáin, daughter-in-law of Gabriel, and husband Fionnbharr, whose article and the photo of Gabriel Hayes at work not only added so much information, but also beautifully enhanced this article. A special thanks goes to Martin Hanley who took and provided the photographs, supported me with the present layout, and was the initiator who suggested to me that such information should be made available to assist our visitors to appreciate and admire the marvellous Stations of the Cross carved by the late Gabriel Hayes. And last, but most certainly not least, my thanks go to our organist and Director of Music, Ray O'Donnell, by whose effort and IT-knowledge this information is now available online. - Hermann Josef Müllers


text:
An 8085 Retrocomputer From The Heart
The world of 8-bit retrocomputing splits easily into tribes classified by their choice of processor. There are 6809 enthusiasts, 6502 diehards, and Z80 lovers, each sharing a bond to their particular platform that often threads back through time to whatever was the first microcomputer they worked with. Here it's the Z80 as found in the Sinclair ZX81, but for you it might be the 6502 from an Apple ][. For [Craig Andrews] it's the 8085, and after many years away from the processor he's finally been able to return to it and recreate his first ever design using it. The SBC-85 is not wire-wrapped as the original was, instead he's well on the way to creating an entire ecosystem based around an edge-connector backplane.
The CPU board is an entire computer in its own right as can be seen in the video below the break, and pairs the 8085 with 8k of RAM, a couple of 2732 4k EPROMs, and an 8155 interface chip. This last component is especially versatile, providing an address latch, timer, I/O ports, and even an extra 256 bytes of RAM. Finally there is some glue logic and a MAX232 level shifter for a serial port, with no UART needed since the 8085 has one built-in. The minimal computer capable with this board can thus be slimmed down significantly, something that competing processors of the mid 1970s often struggled with.
Craig's web site is shaping up to be a fascinating resource for 8085 enthusiasts, and so far the system sports that backplane and a bus monitor card. We don't see much of the 8085 here at Hackaday, perhaps because it wasn't the driver for any of the popular 8-bit home computers. But it's an architecture that many readers will find familiar due to its 8080 heritage, and could certainly be found in many control applications before the widespread adoption of dedicated microcontrollers. It would be interesting to see where Craig takes this next, with more cards, and perhaps making a rival to the RC2014 over in Z80 country.
Posted in RetrocomputingTagged 8085, retrocomputer, single board computer
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21 thoughts on "An 8085 Retrocomputer From The Heart"
Old Guy says:
Everyone has their own stuff that they like. This kind of "primitive" (non-Arduino, non-Pi) stuff is one of the things I like, so thanks for this article and video. I own a Raspberry Pi so I do move with the times somewhat but missed the whole Arduino revolution.
It can't be your sole focus of course but please keep the primitive stuff coming!
Jim Shortz says:
Pretty sure the TRS-80 Model 100 was an 8085. Not sure if that qualifies as a "popular home computer" but they are classics.
Steve Vorres says:
Yes the trs80 model 100 I have contains a 8085 that's where I did some of my first assembly language programming. And also many of the desktop keyboards were based on an 8085 especially those built by Cherry electronics
localroger says:
The M100 was definitely popular, and so useful it's still in use today because nothing else quite matches its mix of portability and long life of disposable batteries.
My first computer was an 8080-based misfit that failed in the market and was surplussed in the electronics magazine classified ads. Not having an ecosystem forced me to learn everything about programming it and was wonderfully instructive. The 8085 was basically the same CPU but simpler to power and interface and with a few extra instructions and features, particularly an on-board UART. I did work with the 8085 in industry in some embedded devices that used it. The Z80 was a far more capable superset of the 8080 but most Z80 code was unrecognizable to an 8080 programmer because the extended instructions were so pervasively useful.
For a moment I got the 8085 and the 8088 confused. It was the 8088 that IBM used in the IBM PC.
I haven't looked at the 8085 in great detail but I wonder if it would have made a great replacement for the 8088 on the IBM PC. Having a serial port for free would have been neat.
What was the relative clock speed of the two like?
Michael Black says:
The 8085 is 8bits, inside and out. IBM wanted the next step, so it wouod never have chosen the 8085.
However, the 8085 was used in the IBM Datamaster from 1981, so almost concurrent with the IBM PC.
The fastest 8085 was 6MHz, on par with the IBM PC's clock, but I can't remember if the 8085 divides the clock frequency internally before use. And the 8088 was 16 bit internally which surely speeded things up, and maybe was faster simply because Intel had more experience designing CPUs by the time they got to the 8988.
The future was 16bit, and IBM planned accordingly.
AndyPanda says:
The 8085, internally has register pairs, BC,DE,HL and of course, SP , which can address 64K
The 8085 was an 8080 with fewer needed external support (so no separate clock IC) and two pins for I/O, with instructions added for that I/O.
So it was easier to build with than the 8080, but lacked the improved instruction set of the Z80.
The I/O pins were serial, but as I recall software was needed to do conversion to and from serial.
I'm not sure how it fit in back then. Obviously many leaped to the Z80, but I remember some avoiding the extra instructions (the Z80 had its own hardware advantages) to avoid software incompatibility.
But as 16bit boards arrived, it wasn't uncommon to see dual 8085/8088 boards. I was never sure if the 8085 made those boards simpler to design, or if they decided few used the extra instructions of the Z80 so why bother?
The Model 100 used a cmos version of the 8085, which maybe was why it was chosen. There weren't a lot of CMOS CPUs at the time, and if you wanted 8080 then you weren't going to build the laptop with an 1802 or Intersil 6100 or a 65C02 (I can't remember if that was available when tye Model 100 was being designed. But the computer would have failed without a CMOS CPU.
The 8085 has its own improved instruction set that Intel then decided not to document at the time. It's got instructions to set DE = SP+imm8 or HL+imm8, to load HL with (DE) and save HL into (DE) plus some other added maths/shifts and a fix for the DEC BC, Jcc weakness that Z80 never fixed.
Those provide a really nice basis for high level language usage particularly C.
The undocumented instructions are possibly an artifact of the underlying hardware, or kept secret for military clients, or were buggy at the rated clock speed, or ??
On a side note, the M100,M102 and M200 have a voltage detector that shuts down the system when battery voltage gets too low. It took me years to realize that NiCADs an NIMH cells are 1.2V, and that adding an extra cell will keep the system running longer. There is an online magazine that explains how to ,, ..
How do you know tgat?
Influenced by experience with mainframes, hobbyists set out to find "undocumented opcode". But they were generally because of incomplete deciding. Many had little real value.
And nobody could count on them to be there on another IC, or the same CPU from another manufacturer.
So they were generally just novelty.
glitch says:
Nice to see another 8085 hacker!
Nitpick, the 8085 does not have a built-in UART, it has what amounts to hardware-assisted bit-bang serial.
We have an RC2014 8085/MMU board.
https://hackaday.io/project/167859-80c85-and-mmu-for-rc2014-bp80
and an earlier board
https://github.com/ancientcomputing/rc2014/tree/master/eagle/8085_board
The success and longevity of the 8085 wasn't because it was a better CPU than the Z80, but because it was better at industrial control. Intel developed the Multibus architecture around the 8080 CPU, and the 8085 (with its serial interface, hardware interrupts, and powerful support chip family) was bred to become the industrial control successor to the 8080. It is not apparent to me that Intel even saw the personal computer as viable compared to the lucrative industrial market. Multibus offered open architecture (novel in an age of proprietary buses), multiple processors, bus master arbitration, redundancy, and (at the time) seemingly endless multi-vender expansion. It was the robust Multibus design that let the 8085 slide into that trusted platform and dominate the industrial control market for decades. Of all the manufacturers that adopted Multibus, few implemented Z80 based cards. In addition to Multibus, Pro Log came out with their 8085 based STD bus, which also became a major industrial control player, for the lower end of less demanding Industrial control applications. Remember, there were very limited software tools compared to today and code (much of it in assembly) had to last for several hardware generations and across multiple product platforms. Switching from an 8080/8085 platform to a Z80 would be unthinkable, even harder than switching between 8052 and ARM platforms because we were more intimately tied to the hardware back in the bare metal days. Many a time I specified an 8085 system just because we had an existing processor code base (it was relatively easy to switch between multibus and STD bus if using the same CPU). As amazing as it seems, there are still 8085 based industrial control systems in use today, and I still get tapped now and again to modify code, write diagnostic software, or otherwise keep 40 year old 8085 systems going. There is also a steady stream of 8085 based multibus hardware coming out of service and a company in Oregon (maybe others) that actively repairs multibus. So the 8085 may have missed the personal computer revolution, but it was very busy nonetheless.
Erik van Baarle says:
"with no UART needed since the 8085 has one built-in"
Serial IO has to be bit-banged on the 8085 which has a single input pin (SID) and a single output pin (SOD) but no UART.
David Given says:
If it's of interest to anyone, I'm currently working on a compiler for the 8080. The language is a strongly-typed Ada-like semantically with structured types, arrays, pointers, nested subroutines, and assorted good stuff, but optimised for 8-bit machines. The intention is that it'll be self-hosted, and I'm currently working on the phase #2 compiler written in itself, but right now the bootstrap compiler (written in C) works mostly fine; I'm still tinkering with some of the language semantics. It currently targets the 8080, 386, thumb2 and terrible C, and it's table-based so adding new backends should be (relatively) easy; the entire 8080 backend is 1300 loc. The code quality is… adequate. See https://github.com/davidgiven/cowgol.
Erik Christiansen says:
My recollection is that the 8085 divided the clock by 6, and with some instructions taking more than one 6-clock cycle, I figured it to be a 0.6 MIPS CPU. (But that's asking wet RAM to be accurate from 1982 to now.) I have no recollection of any UART, perhaps because the chip was embedded in a 2.048 Mb/s 30 Channel PCM MUX (E1), used in the newfangled plesiochronous digital telephone network which began to replace analogue trunking back then.
Hmmm, software tools: I remember CREDIT, a line editor with everything in capitals, and an assembler, hosted on the Intel Blue Box. I used assembler macros to implement a higher level language for creating multi-threaded state machines, and the 8080-based Blue Box cranked the right hand 8-inch floppy for a couple of seconds to assemble each macro invocation – the assembler ran off the left hand floppy. As each macro was processed, the drive groaned out "Niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiik, Nik, Nik, Nik.", during the disk seeks. They were simpler days – management stayed well away, and were simply grateful that they had a bod who could grok that newfangled stuff.
Josh Bensadon says:
Nice to have another 8080 based system out there! Of course this is 8085, but it, along with the Z80 are just derivitives of the 8080. How many modern retro 8080 systems can you name???
VCF SBC 8085
Lee Hart's Z80 Membership Card and his ALTAID 8080
David Hunter's ALTAID 8085
and of course, my S-100 JAIR 8080 board
Josh Bensadon
Not sure if you would count reproduction hardware, but Charles Baetsen's the MIL MOD8 8008 / 8080 system is a hoot to play with.
don't forget there's still an 80C85, rad hardened , exploring Mars


text:
Q: Vectorcast using IAR compiler for RL78 I'm just started to work with  Vectorcast and  IAR for RL78 compiler. I want to build an environment in vectorcast using IAR Compiler for RL78 Microcontroller.
Code which is used for testing has been successfully compiled in IAR embedded  workbench for RL78.
I am facing the below  error while building an environment in vectorcast for  a module.
Error:

40_MCAL\Memory\FDL\fdl_types.h", line 133: error:
          division by zero
  enum { R_FDLT02_ASSERT_LINE_133 = 1/(! !(sizeof(fdl_u16)==2)) };
                                     ^

40_MCAL\Memory\FDL\fdl_types.h", line 137: error:
          division by zero
  enum { R_FDLT02_ASSERT_LINE_137 = 1/(! !(sizeof(fdl_command_t)==1)) };
                                     ^

40_MCAL\Memory\FDL\fdl_types.h", line 138: error:
          division by zero
  enum { R_FDLT02_ASSERT_LINE_138 = 1/(! !(sizeof(fdl_status_t)==1)) };
                                     ^
40_MCAL\Memory\FDL\fdl_types.h", line 141: error:
          division by zero
  enum { R_FDLT02_ASSERT_LINE_141 = 1/(! !(sizeof(fdl_request_t)==8)) };
                                     ^

40_MCAL\Memory\FDL\fdl_types.h", line 142: error:
          division by zero
  enum { R_FDLT02_ASSERT_LINE_142 = 1/(! !(sizeof(fdl_descriptor_t)==10)) };
                                     ^
5 errors detected in the compilation of "Flash.c".

And the source code is below:
# define R_FDLT02_ASSERT_CONCAT_(a, b) a##b

#define R_FDLT02_ASSERT_CONCAT(a, b) R_FDLT02_ASSERT_CONCAT_(a, b)

#define R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(e) enum { R_FDLT02_ASSERT_CONCAT
(R_FDLT02_ASSERT_LINE_, __LINE__) = 1/(!!(e)) }

/* assertion if unsigned data type size is not correct, please evaluate compiler settings for integer types */

R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fdl_u08)==1);

R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fdl_u16)==2);

R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fdl_u32)==4);

/* assertion if enumeration type size is not correct, please evaluate compiler settings for enumeration types */

R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fdl_command_t)==1);

R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fdl_status_t)==1);

/* assertion if structure type size is not correct, please evaluate compiler settings for structure types */

R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fdl_request_t)==8);

R_FDLT02_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fdl_descriptor_t)==10);

A: They are expressions intended to fail compilation if the size of the specified types is not as required by the library.
You need to check that the definitions for types such as fdl_u16 are appropriate for you target.  For IAR's RL78 compiler the basic types have the following sizes:
bool               8 bits
char               8 bits
signed char        8 bits
unsigned char      8 bits
signed short       16 bits
unsigned short     16 bits
signed int         16 bits
unsigned int       16 bits
signed long        32 bits
unsigned long      32 bits
signed long long   32 bits
unsigned long long 32 bits

It is generally more portable however if specific sizes are required to define such types in terms of the  types such as uint16_t for example.
It is hard however to think of a plausible definition of fdl_u16 that would not have a size of 2, given that you have no error for fdl_u8 or fdl_u32, but you have not provided that code.
The apparent expectation that the sizeof any specific enum is 1 is unsafe (see What is the size of an enum in C? for example), although in the IAR RL78 compiler manual it states that the smallest type that can accommodate all the enum constants will be used.
The failure of the structure types is quite likely a result of the failure if fdl_u16, but again without the definitions of these types it is hard to tell.

A: For testing tools like VectorCAST, it's always recommended to find whether the source of error is from our Source code or from the tool. For example, VectorCAST uses a preprocessed file to parse through the code to identify if there is any syntax or semantic error or not by mimicking the compiler under use with its own parser.
Usually, the tool's parser is configured for generic default settings and it may end up with an error if one uses a non-genric project. Inside VectorCAST one can use the Test settings option to find the source of error is from compile stage or from the parse stage(test tool side). If it's a parser error(as indicated by user8270915) then contact the tool vendors support team for additional flags to resolve such issue. If an error is originating from compile stage of  Test settings then in such a case one has to compare the settings used in the test environment with their actual project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Portugual's Luis Oliveira won the Premier on a 250 4T Yamaha by 5.9 seconds ahead of local hero Mirko Gritti on the big KTM. In the E1-class Italians Maurizio Micheluz was the runner up and Maurizio Gerini was 3rd. KTMs Tom Sagar won the E2-class in front of the Italians Andrea Beconi and Edoardo d'Ambrosio. The E3 class was dominated by local riders. Mirko Gritti, Gianluca Martini was 2nd and Vanni Cominotto was 3rd. With more than 35 seconds in hand, Austrian Werner Müller won the Veterans-class ahead of France's Laurent Pannetier. The Best junior was the only 19 year old Oliver Nelson from Sweden: The Husaberg-rider rode with his 125 bike to the 13th place in the overall! Jamie Lewis finishes 7th after a crash trying to overtake two slower riders in the Cross Country test. Lee Edmondson was given a 60 point noise penalty. The penalty puts him down to 15th in the E1 class. A second test passed the bike and the penalty will be disputed. Jack Rowlands was 4th in E1 juniors and Rob Johnson was 8th. Josh Gotts 14th in U20's On Sunday Tom Sagar won the E2 class and the overall. Jamie Lewis was the E2 runner up.


Paul Wise singled to center field.
Houston Wright reached first on a throwing error by ss, advanced to second; Joey Tepper advanced to third.
Dylan Flint reached first on an error by 3b.
Nick Hoffman advanced to second on a throwing error by p, failed pickoff attempt.
11 singled to left field, advanced to second on the throw; Nick Hoffman advanced to third.
John Miller reached first on a throwing error by ss, advanced to second; Joey Tepper scored, unearned.
Joey Tepper advanced to second on a throwing error by p, failed pickoff attempt.
John Miller doubled to right field; Joey Tepper advanced to third.
Nick Moore to p for Bradley Hanner.
Andrew Krauss singled, advanced to second on the throw, 2 RBI; Houston Wright advanced to third; John Miller scored; Joey Tepper scored.
Ward Hacklen singled to third base, RBI; Andrew Krauss advanced to third; Houston Wright scored.
Ryan Shavers singled to left field.
Will Balkin to p for Nick Moore.
11 advanced to second on a throwing error by p, failed pickoff attempt.
Houston Wright walked; John Miller advanced to second.
Andrew Krauss reached first on an error by 3b, RBI; Houston Wright advanced to second; John Miller advanced to third; 11 scored, unearned.
Ward Hacklen homered to left field, 4 RBI, unearned; Andrew Krauss scored, unearned; Houston Wright scored, unearned; John Miller scored, unearned.
Damian Eubanks reached first on an error by 3b.
Nick Hoffman walked; Damian Eubanks advanced to second.
11 hit by pitch; Nick Hoffman advanced to second; Damian Eubanks advanced to third.
Bradwin Salmond to p for Jordan Jackson.


The number of goals scored by senior forward Jeff Farina in Notre Dame Men's Soccer's first three games, including two game-winning goals against Cal Poly and Connecticut. Farina's hot start is made more impressive by the fact that he entered the season with six career goals.
This season marks the 30-year anniversary for Notre Dame Women's Soccer. In the illustrious program's history, the Irish have accumulated a record of 536-111- 38 to go along with three national championships, second only to the University of North Carolina.


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Q: Running a Hash through an MD5 hashing algorithm I'm new to hashing things and I'd like to be able to run a Hash through the MD5 hash to produce a unique value.  At the moment I'm simply converting the Hash to a string and then just running that through the MD5 algorithm.
Is this a good way to do this or is there a better way to encrypt a Hash using MD5?
To clarify I'm trying to create a cache key for an object that doesn't have a unique id, so I'm trying to use the hash to create an id.

A: Ruby hash built in support for Murmur3 hashing. If you are commited to md5 hashes then using this will not work. If you can use it, then just call the .hash method from the Object class ( http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.1.1/Object.html#method-i-hash ).
pry(main)> {}.hash
=> 0
pry(main)> {:a => "b"}.hash
=> 2051585302280555993
pry(main)> "foo".hash
=> -2886254516463342771

Murmur3 hashes are faster then md5, but may not be suitable for cryptographic uses. If you must use MD5 I see no reason why hashing a string is fundamentally bad. It may even ease to recreating the same hash in languages other than Ruby if required, because it separates the implementation from Ruby's internal binary format.
If you must use a cryptographic hash but are not committed to MD5, please use BCrypt, SHA1 or SHA256. MD5 is trivially reversible and not suitable for securing data.
edit: details and grammar


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Exmouth Journal > Lifestyle >
Ex-Rolle College site put up for sale
Sean Keywood
Published: 6:30 AM December 7, 2015 Updated: 9:54 AM November 7, 2020
The Owen Building at Rolle College - Credit: Archant
The former Rolle College site has been put up for sale by Plymouth University.
However, campaigners hoping to secure some or all of the site for community use say they are still able to achieve their objectives.
The listing of the 6.9-acre site comes after the university consulted earlier this year on plans to redevelop most of its former campus for housing – though no planning application has yet been submitted.
Drawings with the sale listing show the whole of the site being up for sale, with the exception of the Owen Building, for which a licence was agreed with community benefit society Rolle Exmouth Limited (REL) earlier this year.
The university had suggested a neighbouring section of the site could also be allocated for community or business use, but the drawings include this in the area to be sold off, although an alternative layout showing more employment space is said to be available.
The sale document, produced by property agents Maze on behalf of the university, states: "The site, which has been closed since 2008, represents a significant regeneration opportunity within Exmouth, where the existing policy has identified its redevelopment for a residential-led mixed use.
"An outline application is being submitted for 131 units with a mixture of town houses and apartments, which sit within the landscape setting. There are a number of possibilities for the property's potential future use as either residential or commercial accommodation."
There is no set asking price, with the value of the site to be determined through the marketing process.
Commenting on the decision to list the site for sale now, a Plymouth University spokesman said: "The marketing of the former Rolle College site is part of an attempt to establish its current market value.
"This is something residents and other interested parties were informed of during the course of the public consultation, and it will run separately to the planning process.
"Under its governance rules, the university is obliged to obtain best value when selling its property and we are endeavouring to do that at the same time as providing a lasting benefit to the whole community."
In response, REL chairman Deborah Hallett said: "'It is surprising that Plymouth University has elected to market the site at this stage before securing planning approval.
"REL will continue to push for a preferred position to secure some, or all, of the site, building a consortium that will tender for it.
"We have ambitious plans for the site and fantastic support from the community and organisations across East Devon.
"We also continue to accelerate our fundraising and our consultations with interested developers.
"Our priority remains to ensure that Plymouth University meets its commitment to a legacy and to preserve the site for the Exmouth and East Devon community to improve the community, education and business facilities in Exmouth and knowledge and skill-based career opportunities in Exmouth and East Devon."


Everyone has trouble sleeping now and again, but when the problem becomes frequent, your quality of life can be severely impacted. You may become irritable, anxious, depressed and have trouble concentrating; your body will suffer too, and you will just feel badly all around. Conventional treatments, like sleeping pills, have mixed results, and the risk of dependency is high. There are several natural approaches which may help. When using holistic approaches to wellness, it is important to be patient and diligent since results may take a bit longer to manifest.
Good nutrition is always a cornerstone of any natural approaches to our health problems; we often underestimate the power of eating right because it just seems too simple; we cannot fully realize the therapeutic value of making sure our body gets the nutrients it needs to function properly. First and foremost, if you are having trouble sleeping, make your best effort to cut caffeine from your diet Some people are more sensitive to it than others; my boyfriend, for example, will not be able to sleep all night if he drinks coffee at any time of day, no matter how early in the morning. Magnesium is important for promoting sleep and particularly good sources include halibut, almonds and cashews. Vitamin B is also important, and you will find it in foods such as leafy greens, nuts and legumes. Lean turkey, and other foods high in tryptophan, are great to eat closer to bedtime.
Your lifestyle is comprised of a wide range of activities, habits and behaviors, and there are several modifications that may help you beat insomnia. One of the most helpful in my own battles with sleep problems was going to bed and getting up the same time every day, and, therefore it's not surprising to me that this is one of the most frequently recommended techniques. Avoid television, the computer and other stimulating activities within an hour of going to sleep—you want to use this time to wind down. Read a good book instead. Adopt some relaxing routines before sleep, such as taking a steaming hot shower, meditating or mantram, which involves repeating a sound, word or phrase over and over again to instill a sense of calm. Exercising more during the day is associated with better sleep.
A host of natural supplements may help ease sleep troubles. Valerian is one of the most popular, followed by melatonin, the hormone that is involved in regulating our body clock. The latter is best used as a sublingual supplement that dissolves under the tongue. L-theanine, which is naturally found in green tea may also help fight insomnia, according to researchers in Japan. It appears to work by helping calm the mind, rather than inducing sleep in any way. A combination of taurine and tryptophan may also help; besides taking it before sleep, you can also use this combo if you wake up in the middle of the night and are having trouble getting back to bed.
About the Author:Kelli Cooper is a freelance writer who blogs about a variety of natural health topics.A comfortable bed is an important part of the sleeping well equation, and she recommends learning more about the Sleep Number m9 bed.


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As long as the state bans fans, no tailgating of any kind outside Bills games
According to the board, the Erie County Department of Health said there is to be no public or private tailgating around the stadium, as long as fans are not allowed to attend games. In New York, fans are not allowed to attend games.
ORCHARD PARK, N.Y. (WKBW) — The Buffalo Bills are going to be great at football this year. It's something we've heard all offseason, but with COVID-19, will fans be allowed to about to party outside the game?
The state has already said no tailgating outside of stadiums. What about privates lots? Can they allow a tailgate?
The Town of Orchard Park has been kicking this decision down the road.
Wednesday, all signs pointed towards a decision. A decision was made, but it wasn't by the board. The town board didn't have enough board members eligible to vote at the meeting to make a decision. At the meeting, the board said a decision was made for them.
Before the department of health stepped in, the town was prepared to strike a compromise with lot owners allowing them to tailgate according to guidelines, while police kept a close eye and reported any violations.
Private lot owners who attended the board meeting did not wanted to be interviewed for this story.
7 Eyewitness News reached out to the ECDOH for to confirm. A spokesperson said they would respond on Thursday.
Erie County Executive Mark Poloncarz tweeted this:
...If NYS allows fans to attend Bills games tailgating will be allowed but with restrictions to protect the public. Currently NYS does not allow attendance at any pro sports event. Thus tailgaiting in public and private lots will depend on whether fans can attend the games. 2/2
— Mark Poloncarz (@markpoloncarz) August 20, 2020