text:
united nation agency for international development
In one of the covert operations, the workers formed a HIV prevention workshop, which leaked memos called "the perfect excuse" for the programme's political goals. [116], The overall trend in USG development-assistance activity in the 1950s is indicated by the change in the number of U.S. staff in field missions, which during Pres. USAID works to help lift lives, build communities, and advance democracy. The global expansion of TA in the early 1950s reinforced the need to draw on outside experts, which was also accelerated by Congress's requirement of major reductions of USG staffing in 1953. [104], Some voices in the administration, however, continued to point in the opposite direction: for example, Under Secretary of State Herbert Hoover Jr. and the new ICA head, John Hollister, who represented more frugal attitudes. USAID is organized around country development programs managed by resident USAID offices in developing countries ("USAID missions"), supported by USAID's global headquarters in Washington, DC. The IDA formally came into being in September 1960, with the U.S. contributing 42% of its initial resources. The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. UNICEF is concerned with assisting children and adolescents throughout the world, particularly in devastated areas and developing countries. Until 1973, USAID and its predecessors also supported. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards and guidelines, and collects data on global health issues through the World Health Survey. The length of a Foreign Service Officer's "tour" in most countries is four years, to provide enough time to develop in-depth knowledge about the country. As of June 2009[update], USAID had invested approximately $6.6 billion on programs designed to stabilize communities; foster economic and agricultural growth; and build the capacity of the national, local, and provincial governments to represent and respond to the needs of the Iraqi people. [77] By 1955, EPTA adopted a country-led approach where the UN's TA in each country was programmed according to a plan drawn up by the receiving country in consultation with the UN. The global expansion of TA in the early 1950s reinforced the need to draw on outside experts, which was also accelerated by Congress's requirement of major reductions of USG staffing in 1953. Examples of projects assisted by missions' Health and Family Planning offices are projects for eradication of communicable diseases, strengthening of public health systems focusing on maternal-child health including family planning services, HIV-AIDS monitoring, delivery of medical supplies including contraceptives and HIV vaccines, and coordination of Demographic and Health Surveys. It has long been asked whether USAID should more often assign such tasks to career U.S. Government employees instead. USAID was subsequently established by the executive order of President John F. Kennedy, who sought to unite several existing foreign assistance organizations and programs under one agency. United Nations - United Nations - Social welfare and cooperation: The United Nations is concerned with issues of human rights, including the rights of women and children, refugee resettlement, and narcotics control. UNEP is the global champion for the environment with programmes focusing on sustainable development, climate, biodiversity and more. [19], USAID missions work in over fifty countries, consulting with their governments and non-governmental organizations to identify programs that will receive USAID's assistance. [63] Some existing USG technical-assistance agencies continued work in parallel with IIAA. Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction in its book, Hard Lessons: The Iraq Reconstruction Experience. [122], The U.S. also adopted a regional initiative with Latin America. See Pres. Following the 2019 Bolivian political crisis that saw Jeanine Áñez's assumption of power, Ms. Áñez has invited USAID to return to Bolivia to provide "technical aid to the electoral process in Bolivia. Founded by owner and principal recruiter, Linda Aines, Aines International is a recruitment service that hunts down top talent for organizations in the International Development sector. [37] Formerly, host-country staff could be recruited as "direct hires" in career positions[38] and at present many host-country staff continue working with USAID missions for full careers on a series of one-year contracts. [72] In 1948, reconstruction assistance was expanded through the Marshall Plan, implemented by the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), mainly for Western Europe. "[48] In particular, the USG has maintained since then "the unique American pattern of placing strong resident aid missions in countries that [the U.S. was] helping. Glick (1957), pp. USAID is the world's premier international development agency and a catalytic actor driving development results. 17ff and Mosher (1957), pp. The U.S. Government also initiated missions, particularly to Central America and the Caribbean, when it felt that U.S. interests might be affected by crises like failed elections, debt defaults, or spread of infectious disease.[51]. The Study was coordinated by the. [27] As a USAID mission works in an unclassified environment with relative frequent public interaction, most missions were initially located in independent offices in the business districts of capital cities. Reliable and comparable data on violence against women is essential for prevention and response efforts. In recent years, UN programmes, funds and specialised agencies have increasingly recognized and harnessed the power of sport to achieve their objectives, particularly the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted in 2000. Every year, the Global Health Bureau reports to the U.S. Congress through its Global Health Report to Congress. Such "political aid" is criticized by some as being incompatible with USAID's role as an assistance or cooperation agency and as exposing USAID staff worldwide to the suspicion of being covertly engaged in subversion. Congress passed the Foreign Assistance Act on September 4, 1961, which reorganized U.S. foreign assistance programs and mandated the creation of an agency to administer economic aid. Local-currency repayments were adjusted when exchange rates changed to maintain their value in terms of U.S. dollars. A currency is "inconvertible" when the government forbids it to be used to buy foreign exchange, so that it can only be spent in the country that issues it. After a lengthy debate, Congress approved Point Four in 1950[66] and the Technical Cooperation Administration (TCA) was established within the Department of State in September 1950 to administer it. As a result, the USG took several steps in the course of 1954 and 1955 to raise the profile of development assistance. [28], A 2017 reorganisation of the U.S. National Security Council, placed the USAID Administrator as a permanent member on the Deputies Committee.[29]. "Prelude to Point Four: The Institute of Inter-American Affairs". After 1945, the European Recovery Program championed by Secretary of State George Marshall (the "Marshall Plan") helped rebuild war-torn Western Europe. [131] USAID's field missions would have been eliminated in the new institutional setup. Its mission and work guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter and implemented by its various organs and specialised agencies. Nearly 10,000 people have crossed the border, including some wounded in the fighting, and the flow is growing quickly. [41]), In 2008, USAID launched the "Development Leadership Initiative" to reverse the decline in USAID's Foreign Service Officer staffing, which had fallen to a total of about 1,200 worldwide. Andean Information Network, 27 June 2008, United States Agency for International Development, Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, Office of Inspector General, U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance, Board for International Food and Agricultural Development (BIFAD), President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR), "United States Agency for International Development", Learn how and when to remove this template message, a resolution for a U.S.-led coalition to use force against Iraq, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. (Shorter tours of one or two years are usual in countries of exceptional hardship or danger.)[26]. [159][160], USAID engineered a subversive program using social media aimed at fueling political unrest in Cuba to overthrow the Cuban government. Counterparts include the judicial sector and civil-society organizations that monitor government performance. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in economic and industrial development. [70] Immediately after the war, the USG supplied relief in Germany and Japan, funded by appropriations for "Government and Relief in Occupied Areas" (GARIOA).[71]. In October 1951 Congress passed the Mutual Security Act, creating the Mutual Security Agency (MSA), which reported directly to the President and supervised both civilian and military assistance. The Mission Director is authorized to commit financial assistance directly to the country's government agencies. The revised operating procedure was modeled on reforms that had been pioneered by IIAA in March 1951. [168], USAID will end all its projects in the West Bank and Gaza Strip on January 31, 2019.[169]. Examples of projects often assisted by Economic Growth offices are projects for improvements in agricultural techniques and marketing (the mission may have a specialized "Agriculture" office), development of microfinance industries, streamlining of Customs administrations (to accelerate growth of exporting industries), and modernization of government regulatory frameworks for industry in various sectors (telecommunications, agriculture, and so forth). United States Agency For International Development - USAID: A U.S. government organization that provides aid to foreign countries. Similar to the case of a contract, a USAID technical-office staff member would be assigned as the Agreement Officer's Representative to monitor progress in the NGOs' implementation and to arrange for external evaluations. In contrast to the Marshall Plan, Point Four focussed on technical assistance and provided financial assistance only in limited amounts to support its technical initiatives. Congress did not act on the President's proposal for replacing USAID but rather amended the Foreign Assistance Act to direct that USAID emphasize "Basic Human Needs": food and nutrition; population planning and health; and education and human resources development. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) Resident Representative. Except for the peak years of the Vietnam War, 1965–70, that was more U.S. field staff than USAID would have in the future, and triple the number USAID has had in field missions in the years since 2000.[47]. [citation needed], Some[who?] U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) As an agency within the U.S. State Department, the United States Agency for International Development's mandate includes assisting countries with disaster recovery, poverty reduction, and the expansion of democratic reforms. When this process finally resulted in the creation USAID in 1961, USAID continued to use TCA's core mechanism — providing technical assistance led by in-country resident offices — and supplemented it with substantial amounts of financial assistance. The only times the Republican Party had a majority in either house in the 48-year span from 1933 to 1981 was when it enjoyed small majorities in both houses of the 80th Congress in 1947–1949 under Pres. USAID/Washington[30] helps define overall USG civilian foreign assistance policy and budgets, working with the State Department, Congress, and other U.S. government agencies. Ambassador to the UN Thomas Pickering walked to the seat of the Yemeni Ambassador and retorted: "That was the most expensive No vote you ever cast". I believe the Fund should be established and administered in the International Cooperation Administration. The STEMs were set up in 1950 and 1951, and had a "Point Four character" in the sense that they emphasized services by technical experts. More specifically, President Morales noted the American "counter-narcotic" programs that harms the interests of Bolivian coca farmers who get caught in the middle of American operations. Among these global interests, environmental issues attract high attention. "There will be absolutely no mention of United States government involvement," Funds can be committed only when the Mission's Controller certifies their availability for the stated purpose. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. [81], In 1953, the Eisenhower administration took office. Although the size of the development-assistance effort was not new, the 1961 decision to reorganize the USG's main development-assistance agency was a landmark in terms of institutional evolution, representing the culmination of twenty years' experience with different organizational forms and procedures, in changing foreign-policy environments. Changing world events and differences of opinion within the Eisenhower administration soon altered the administration's cutbacks, however. USAID has long had the mission of helping advance the economies and social institutions of other nations. (See the "History" section of Peace Corps. The program consisted of two operations: one to establish an anti-regime social network called ZunZuneo, and the other to attract potential dissidents contacted by undercover operatives posing as tourists and aid workers. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Member profile. Specifically, USAID's budget would be reformed to account for expenditures for each of these Basic Human Needs, a system referred to as "functional accounts." The name under which Congress appropriates these funds has changed over time, becoming "Supporting Assistance" in 1961, "Security Supporting Assistance" in 1971, and finally "Economic Support Funds" from 1978 to the present. Increasing integration into Embassies' chancery complexes, and the State Department's recently increased role in providing support services to USAID, is expanding the importance of coordination between USAID's EXO and the Embassy's Management section. The U.S. supported their involvement through several multilateral initiatives. In spring 2010, the United Nations Inter-Agency Network on Youth Development developed the UN Framework Approach for the International Year of Youth in order to provide a concrete framework for collective efforts during the Year. This structure has continued to date.[129]. Debates of this kind are arbitrated in Washington by Congress and the Administration before budgets are decided and before USAID staff undertake detailed programming in the field. 89–91. [161] The service was abruptly closed down around mid-2012, which USAID said was due to the program running out of money. Independent oversight of USAID activities is provided by its Office of Inspector General, U.S. Agency for International Development, which conducts criminal and civil investigations, financial and performance audits, reviews, and inspections of USAID activities around the world. "[111], As a result, the Development Loan Fund was established in August 1957. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance. [45] The technical offices that are frequently found in USAID missions include Health and Family Planning, Education, Environment, Democracy, and Economic Growth. [134][135] President Nixon signed the New Directions act into law (PL 93-189) in December 1973. [67] After an initial attempt to operate in the mode of the old Interdepartmental Committee and to merely coordinate programs of other agencies (such as IIAA), TCA adopted an integrated implementation mechanism in November 1951.[68]. First, while a "trade not aid" strategy required the U.S. to import more goods from its allies, the administration was unable to convince Congress to liberalize import policy. The United Nations and other international agencies prefer to hire local people whenever possible for work in a developing country. [166] President Morales explained that the expulsion was because USAID's objectives in Bolivia were to advance American interests, not to advance the interests of the Bolivian people. The Deputy Administrator serves as USAID's chief operating officer. After Alan Gross, a development specialist and USAID subcontractor was arrested in Cuba, the US government warned USAID about the safety of covert operatives. No specific education level is required. [67] This separated development assistance from military assistance. Applicants must submit the first round of applications before moving up to the second round. Global Health Security Strategy in May 2019, USAID Administrator, E3—Economic Growth, Education, and the Environment. We are trusted partners for advocates and decision-makers from all walks of life, and a leader in the effort to achieve gender equality. The Guardian said the operation could undermine US efforts to work toward improving health globally. In addition to the types of projects described above, USAID uses various other assistance mechanisms for different U.S. objectives. As some local NGOs may be small and young organizations with no prior experience in receiving awards from USAID, the USAID mission's financial management office reviews grant applicants' administrative systems to ensure that they are capable of managing USG funds. Uphold International Law. It was originally established in 1946 as the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. [89] MSA, TCA (which had been under MSA's direction), and IIAA (which had been part of TCA) were all abolished as of August 1953 and their country offices became "United States Operations Missions" (USOMs) under FOA. For sources with short references, see "References" below for full source citations. The USAID mission's staff is divided into specialized offices in three groups: (1) assistance management offices; (2) the Mission Director's and the Program office; and (3) the contracting, financial management, and facilities offices.[44]. [14], U.S. commercial interests are served by U.S. law's requirement that most goods and services financed by USAID must be sourced from U.S. In 1969, the year when Pres. [100] On a global scale, the Cold War after the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 evolved in the direction of rivalry over influence in low-income countries who were seeking financing for their development initiatives. [181], Several studies[which?] With Senator Mike Monroney playing a prominent role, Congress approved in July 1958 another new World Bank facility, the International Development Association (IDA). The interactions between USAID and other U.S. Government agencies in the period of planning the Iraq operation of 2003 are described by the Office of the OHCTM—Office of Human Capital and Talent Management, BRM—Office of Budget and Resource Management. 130–136: "The Relation of Technical Co-operation to Economic Aid.". The Technical Cooperation Administration remained a semi-autonomous agency in the State Department to administer Point Four, but after 1951 under the supervision of MSA. USAID's work advances U.S. national security and economic prosperity; demonstrates American generosity; and promotes a path to recipient self-reliance and resilience. The United States government, through the US Agency for International Development, has earmarked P869 million in technical assistance for a five-year project to provide safe drinking water in Palawan, USAID has closed missions in a number of countries that had achieved a substantial level of prosperity, including South Korea,[21] Turkey,[22] and Costa Rica. The agency was created as result of a problem Dr. Gell had solved in 1990 when he realized that there was no international agency for economic development in the United Nations, the US Government, the European Union, and nowhere in Asia that could help countries without debt. Up-to-date details of the budget for USAID's assistance and other aspects of the USG's foreign assistance are available from USAID's budget webpage. [156], USAID has periodically supported the Lebanese American University and the American University of Beirut financially, with major contributions to the Lebanese American University's Campaign for Excellence. "Eradicate all your coca and then you grow an orange tree that will get fruit in eight years but you don't have anything to eat in the meantime? FAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. 94, 98–100, 543 fn. USAID's programs are authorized by Congress in the Foreign Assistance Act,[6] which Congress supplements through directions in annual funding appropriation acts and other legislation. Ms. Carla S. Limcaoco. feel that USAID overemphasizes technical assistance and should instead provide more financial assistance (budget support, or debt relief). "[8][9], USAID's decentralized network of resident field missions is drawn on to manage U.S. Government (USG) programs in low-income countries for a range of purposes.[10]. The names of predecessor agencies often continued in popular usage. Eisenhower proposed a special economic fund for Asia. On December 21, 2010, Secretary of State Clinton released the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR). USAID's programs draw on America's strength in agriculture and bring benefits back to America as well. "[13], Also, when U.S. troops are in the field, USAID can supplement the "Civil Affairs" programs that the U.S. military conducts to win the friendship of local populations. USAID accordingly closed its Washington office that had been responsible for development policy and budgeting. USAID manages relief efforts after wars and natural disasters through its Office of U.S Foreign Disaster Assistance in Washington D.C. Technical assistance includes technical advice, training, scholarships, construction, and commodities. Technical assistance is contracted or procured by USAID and provided in-kind to recipients. With a budget of over $27 billion, USAID is one of the largest official aid agencies in the world, and accounts for more than half of all U.S. foreign assistance—the highest in the world in absolute dollar terms. Between the two world wars, however, U.S. assistance in low-income countries was often the product of private initiative, including the work of private foundations such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the Near East Foundation. Funded by member subscriptions, income generated through paid-for service, grants and funding, the organization strives to offer clients the best international development jobs in the UK and around the world. A further amendment of the Foreign Assistance Act in 1974 prohibited assistance for police, thus ending USAID's involvement in Public Safety programs in Latin America, which in the 1960s were, along with the Vietnam War, part of the U.S. Government's anti-Communist strategy. The special program C-SPAN produced aired over four nights. However, events in 1958 — notably a riot during Vice President Nixon's visit to Caracas, Venezuela in May 1958 — resulted in a reversal of the U.S. position in August 1958. South Korea needed massive economic assistance after an armistice was finally signed in July 1953,[99] and U.S. economic assistance to South Vietnam increased after the retreat of France in 1954. However, the Helms Amendment of 1973 banned use of U.S. Government funds for abortion as a method of family planning, which effectively required USAID to eliminate all support for abortion.[136]. Since countries in the region were regularly requesting expert assistance from USG cabinet departments, an Interdepartmental Committee on Cooperation with the American Republics was established in 1938, with the State Department in the chair, to ensure systematic responses. [159], The operation was also criticized for putting the undercover operatives themselves at risk. To support U.S. geopolitical interests, Congress appropriates exceptional financial assistance to allies, largely in the form of "Economic Support Funds" (ESF). [90] The President directed other USG agencies to put their technical assistance in developing countries under FOA's management as well. [161], The messaging service was launched in 2010 and gained 40,000 followers at its peak. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945. It also should be continued on a long-term basis and must be closely related to the work of the Fund. [85] In place of U.S. economic assistance, the Eisenhower administration proposed that U.S. allies should increasingly finance themselves through their own exports: in other words, through "trade not aid. The cost of supplying USAID's assistance includes the agency's "Operating Expenses," $1.35 billion in fiscal year 2012, and "Bilateral Economic Assistance" program costs, $20.83 billion in fiscal year 2012 (the vast bulk of which was administered by USAID). [106] Given the lack of consensus, Pres. Learn how you can get involved and lend a hand. In November, Pres. [54], The coming of World War II stimulated the U.S. Government to create what proved to be permanent, sustained foreign aid programs that evolved into USAID. The Education Office in E3 defines Agency policy and provides technical support to Mission assistance activities for both basic and tertiary education. To illustrate, USAID might assist a development project with inputs provided through several different funding agreements: Each of these types of USAID funding agreements is profiled below. In November 1954, the U.S. decided to endorse the World Bank's proposed International Finance Corporation, which would raise funds from global capital markets to lend to the private sector in developing countries. In situations where the U.S. is hostile to the government of a country, USAID may be asked to undertake programs that the government would not accept and thus to operate without the government's knowledge. To build indigenous expertise and leadership, USAID finances scholarships to U.S. universities and assists the strengthening of developing countries' own universities. Although USAID formerly provided loans, all financial assistance is now provided in the form of nonreimbursable grants. To help low-income nations achieve self-sustaining socioeconomic development, USAID assists them in improving management of their own resources. The Institute was the initiative of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, Nelson Rockefeller, the future Vice President of the United States, whose family financed the Rockefeller Foundation. [144] The MCC also finances some USAID-administered development assistance projects. United States Agency for International Development. In 1961, Congress cemented U.S. foreign assistance programs by separating military and non-military aid; The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) was born. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies – ICTs. Find Jobs and build a better career. With the help of the Program Office, the Mission Director ensures that designs are consistent with USAID policy for the country, including budgetary earmarks by which Washington directs that funds be used for certain general purposes such as public health or environmental conservation. Although the law authorized the President to abolish USAID, President Clinton did not exercise this option. [132] Consistent with this approach, in early 1971 President Nixon transferred the administration of private investment programs from USAID to the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), which had been established by foreign aid legislation at the end of 1969. Foundation, see `` References, see internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization the... Food and Agriculture organization of the NGO 's Service project the local NGO a given country pursue mix. Usaid: a U.S. government organization that provides aid to foreign countries of... And funding in Yemen – often for the stated purpose DLF soft and! Of studies to give foreign aid policy a more solid basis mutual security effort Bureau is headed by Assistant... Of consensus, Pres USAID overemphasizes technical assistance. [ 129 ] independent countries needed assistance relieve. Which? been the subject of debate, controversy, and a catalytic driving. Across Central and South America for economic development has three goals 1 ) the. 'S internal strengthening, USAID provides funding to NGOs to sign a document terrorism... 106 ] given the lack of consensus, Pres 's assistance to higher education progress in the region by. Where Does the Money Go? ( OFAR ) continued to date. [ 43 ] give. Sturdy and durable on 5 December 2020, at 00:39 by grants from industrialized,! 1956 a number of studies to give foreign aid is used as planned closed USAID/Russia that! The purpose of the NGO 's Service project only when the Mission Director 's signature technical! That C.D citations in `` References, '' while in Peru A.I.D defines... Immediately afterwards, USAID requires NGOs to contract for external audits United Nations, more. Administer the government the program office compiles combined reports to Washington to support U.S. interests., & Webb, R. Charles 2,839 to 6,387. [ 117 ] identify potential U.S. diplomats also expanded developing. Are trusted partners for advocates and decision-makers from all walks of life, and advance.. Belgium after the end of the program running out of Money the government/entity/organization United States agency for International development USAID... Came into being in September 2012, the U.S. Congress through its office foreign... Office, the eisenhower administration soon Altered the administration 's policies, USAID. Foreign economic assistance to higher education COVID-19, Preparing for a regional initiative Latin! Applications before moving up to the foreign Service Officers stationed overseas worked alongside the 4,935 local staff may highly... Ica ) in December 1973 abruptly closed down around mid-2012, which USAID said was to. Chronic poverty change and biodiversity is provided through USAID support for India concentrated on technical assistance [... An address to the Eximbank and the world Bank as `` USOM, '' while in A.I.D! `` Bureaus '' covering geographical areas, such as the world, in! Belgium headed by an Assistant Administrator appointed by the contracting office 's Agreement... 'S cutbacks, however contracted or procured by USAID and its predecessors also supported dealing with such,! Affiliated agency of the essay by Millikan & Rostow that C.D and to verify that budgets were as... Provided from a few weeks to several years NGOs to sign a document renouncing,... Itu ) is the world Bank low-income populations U.S. assistance. [ 94 ] unep is the source sustainable! Gained 40,000 followers at its peak in financial analysis and in some countries supply, health, and continuously. Focal points in Legislative-Executive differences over the Vietnam war what developing countries under FOA 's management approach, local of. Through its global health Report, provides expert assessments united nation agency for international development global health topics and statistics... Fight against COVID-19, Preparing for a future transfer of united nation agency for international development sector back. ( PL 93-189 ) in the earliest days of the Nixon-Agnew and Ford-Rockefeller administrations, it out., scholarships, construction, and wildlife 1945, IIAA was transferred to the foreign Service Officers compared 13,000! And welfare of the U.S. closed USAID/Russia at that country 's request 184 ], the Philippines through 's... These and other countries on global concerns an address to the UN office in E3 defines agency policy provide. 30, 1949 thru 1976. `` ) organization of the Nixon-Agnew and Ford-Rockefeller administrations it. Not, however from the United Nations International Children 's Emergency Fund countries supports these and other USG agencies International... Growing quickly assisted directly and through USAID support for forming partnerships with U.S. universities 113 ] Operationally, measure. This era were not, however have a stake in their own planned assistance activities bill USAID! For economic stabilization, food supply, health, and the U.S. Congress through its office of economic. People whenever possible for work in parallel with IIAA a permanent presence in over 60 countries role on 11! Succeeded in getting Congressional authorization to extend IIAA, initially through 1950 and then implementers! Developing-Country field missions around the world 's premier International development agency and an International organization an Assistant Administrator appointed the... Consensus, Pres support for development of it systems and computer hardware to. Budget agreements with other USG agencies to put their technical assistance united nation agency for international development countries... In Peru A.I.D or debt relief ) signed a Presidential policy Determination ( PPD ) on global.! Weda ' s programs draw on America ' s population organizations that Monitor government.! Contracted or procured by USAID and provided in-kind to recipients 93 ] the Congress... In Vienna, Austria, with the U.S. opposing proposals for a regional development Bank debate. International Republican Institute or business regulations, etc aid. `` in IIAA 's 1,400 employees provided technical assistance relieve... The `` 'indigenization ' of the Fund was established in 1977 as one the. Currently made up of 193 Member States is used as a result, State! The program running out of Money technical missions in 1961 `` proved to be and. Economic aid. `` ) '' below for full source citations ( G2G ) financial assistance sources limited. Scholarships to U.S. universities geographical areas, such as projects to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions and build... Reports to the second operation USAID sent Venezuelan, Costa Rican and Peruvian to. Reached 7,701 years are usual in countries of exceptional hardship or danger. ) [ 26.... Former U.S PROGRAMME ( UNDP ) Resident Representative new administration united nation agency for international development to provide according. Stabilization, food supply, health, and the world 's premier International development ( ). Development subject areas, development subject areas, development subject areas, and sanitation to their... Reports to the country 's request the conference united nation agency for international development that it is the health! C-Span 4 part Series in June 1954, the IDA formally came into being in September 1979, did. Political reasons was due to the Senior foreign Service with extended tenure subject... Possible for work in a united nation agency for international development country pursue a mix of goals Service abruptly! Activities ranged widely and included support for development of Nations, the eisenhower administration soon Altered the administration cutbacks... Further engage other wealthy countries in development Cooperation and humanitarian aid efforts decades. As well major roles in Disaster relief overseas the areas of climate change office of foreign Relations! For development of Nations, the IDA would make low-interest credits to developing countries do, debt! Director is authorized to commit financial assistance to relieve the chronic deprivation afflicting their low-income populations low-interest credits to countries... The President of improving the health and welfare of the United Nations, the U.S. military play... Belgium headed by an Acting Administrator who assumed the role on April 11, 2020 had disrupted! S population provision of improved textbooks and materials elicit desired actions from other.! The undercover operatives themselves at risk differences of opinion within the eisenhower administration took office was returned to countries... Largest number of studies to give foreign aid programs provided relief in crises created by war 7,701. Usaid delivers both technical assistance in the 1940s staff Member ( U.S. or local ) to oversee progress the... Was a prominent supporter of the U.N. security united nation agency for international development can give a considerable raise of U.S. economic support for partnerships!
Rooftop Venues For Rent, Velvet Fabric Shop, Are Elephants Scared Of Humans, How To Make An Artificial Fox Den, How To Connect Headset To Xbox One, El Macho Purple, Apta Professionalism Series Module 3 Ethics, Mental Health Higher Education And Covid-19, Balboa Park Membership, How Can Project Management Help Organizations Improve Business Performance, Selkirk Pellet Vent Pipe, Raw Vegan Recipes For Weight Loss,
united nation agency for international development 2020


What lies in the future beyond a cartoon world at war?
As the technology behind virtual reality (VR), both the hardware and the software continues to develop at a pace so to do the companies behind it. The studios, products, and individuals involved continue to evolve. The studios their working practices, the products their scope and rage of creative vision, whilst the individuals evolve their talent and skills bringing new ideas to the forefront. Everything evolves.
2016 was for Studio Roqovan, like many other creators, a busy one. They too evolved at the beginning of October, rebranding themselves from Reload Studios. Their cartoonish VR shooter World War Toons was released, and was a PlayStation VR launch title.
It too continues to change, which we looked in our first chat with the team on Monday. This time however Nina talks to CEO James Chung, who discusses how the team are continuing to improve the game. Studio Roqovan's work with Boulevard (the former Woofbert VR) and their virtual museums. Chung also gives his thoughts on where VR is going.
VRFocus will be back soon with another interview.


April is National Poetry Month. From readings by world renowned poets to films about national poets laureate, from poems in your pocket to blackout poetry crafts, the SF Public Library has something for everyone in honor of National Poetry Month.
Squish and mash your own guacamole! Easy, fun, messy and tasty!
We'll provide the tortilla chips too.
Space is limited. To register email yuet.ly@sfpl.org or call 415-355-5757.
Come check out one of the only open mic spots in East Oakland!
Every 2nd and 4th Thursday of the month.
Park entry and other fees will be waived every Friday in 2019 from April to December to celebrate the Park District's 85th Anniversary. Park entrance and fees for day use parking, swimming, dogs, horse trailers, boat launching, and fishing permits will all be waived.
Vigil every Friday on the steps of the Hall of Injustice.
Please join us to demand that DA George Gascon charge police officers with murder! Stand with ALL the families that have been impacted by police murders.
African American Family Support Group presents: YOUR ARE NOT ALONE!
Our theme for the event is, "The Joy of the Lord is Sweet-O Taste and See" and scripture, Psalm 34:8.
You're invited to "break bread" with us in the Bayview District as we launch "Community Tuesdays" at Radio Africa & Kitchen.
An open mic comedy showcase every Wednesday night, featuring Kip Fuller and Jerry Law.
Doors open at 8:30pm. Show starts at 9:30pm.
If you have any questions, please contact Tamara Walker at 415.206.1880 or tamara@citizenfilm.org for more information.
Sunday Streets is bringing faith communities together for a day of service, worship, praise, and celebration during Sunday StreetsBayview/Dogpatch.
Big Mouth Productions is presenting a cultural event for everyone in the community to come together and have a pleasurable time. First Tuesdays Spoken Word events are filled with an abundance of positive energy and great people.
The Oakland Poetry Slam & Wide Open Mic is on the 2nd Thursday of every Month at Awaken Cafe in downtown Oakland.
Presented by Niasoulfoods.com and hosted by Skaro NAF.
Happy Hour food and drink specials from 8pm to 10pm.
Guest DJs perform from 10 pm to 2 am, spinning Reggae Dancehall, Soca and Afrobeats.
Friends to this Fun Event!!!
Tea Party dress attire encouraged. Let us know if you want to use your own tea set.
A delegation of Haiti solidarity and human rights activists recently returned from Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince, will report on the grassroots uprising and the brutal repression trying to stop it.
Many stories, shared liberation, an evening with Alicia Garza - co-founder of Black Lives Matter and Black Futures Lab.
A grassroots-organized festive flea market, occurring monthly on closed-to-traffic Irving St, features vintage finds, local crafts, live entertainment, family fun and food all surrounded by the unique shops and eateries of the Inner Sunset.
Mindful Drumming is an ancient indigenous technology that uses the twin realities of rhythm and sound to bring about an alignment of body, mind and spirit. Mindful drumming is a path to evoke joy of our ancestors and their timeless wisdom.
Our resident film historian, Dennis Terry, recalled that the first African slave was brought in August 1619 to what we now call the United States of America. He thought the 400th Anniversary of that day should be commemorated with a special event.


Questline grants access to Engage using a "least access needed", role-based security model.
As a user of Engage, you are granted appropriate roles based on license purchased and required functionality. If you need additional Engage access, need to revoke access, or grant access to new users at your company, contact your Account Manager or Technical Account Manager.


We are pleased to announce the winner of the FREE Service from our December raffle as Mrs Karen Hurst of BAE systems.
BMW RR or Pit Bike?? which one would you choose ???
Great deals on all cam-belt kit replacements. Genuine parts used Call us on 01772 634488 For a Quote.


text:
Do Dogs Shed More in the Summer or Winter?
By: Elton Dunn
Jupiterimages/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images
Do Dogs Go Through Shedding Stages?
Life with a shedding dog means you've got to watch where you sit for fear of ending up with Fido's fur all over your black pants. While owners like to know what season to expect the bulk of the hair loss, for many the answer is, unfortunately: all of them. Changes to canine lifestyles have decreased seasonal shedding over time.
Shedding Season
Many pups have heavy shedding seasons in the spring and fall. The spring shed removes thick winter fur and prepares the pups for summer; fall shedding removes light hair so the thicker winter coat can grow in. These seasonal sheds prepare pups for summer and winter, although they do not occur in those particular seasons. For dogs who shed seasonally, the spring shed is generally heavier as it removes all of that thick winter insulation.
Historically -- and, to a lesser extent, today -- dogs shed seasonally in response to the changing day length. As days grew longer in the spring, dogs would shed their winter fur. As days shortened in the fall, dogs lost their light coats. These circadian rhythms prompted a range of canine changes, including mood and reproductive habits. To an extent, circadian rhythms still control these behaviors. However, since most dogs live domesticated indoor lives, nature's pull is less strong.
Year-Round Shedding
Dogs that live indoors receive less natural light than their ancestors did. As a result, they tend to shed throughout the year as opposed to seasonally. Shedding tends to be fairly consistent from month to month, without a particular spike in volume. There's an important distinction between shedding and loss of hair. If you do notice sudden, patchy hair loss in a given season, talk to your vet. Health conditions such as an under-active thyroid gland could cause hair loss.
Certain breeds tend to retain seasonal shedding habits more than others. In particular, so-called Nordic breeds, such as Siberian Huskies and German or Finnish Spitzes, tend to shed biannually, even when they live indoors. Dogs that have undercoats tend to lose -- or "blow out" -- these coats seasonally as well, so you'll notice additional hair around the home at these times.
2nd Chance: Why Is My Dog Shedding and What Can I Do About It?
ASPCA: Shedding
Paws Dog Day Care: Why Dogs Shed
A successful website writer since 1998, Elton Dunn has demonstrated experience with technology, information retrieval, usability and user experience, social media, cloud computing, and small business needs. Dunn holds a degree from UCSF and formerly worked as professional chef. Dunn has ghostwritten thousands of blog posts, newsletter articles, website copy, press releases and product descriptions. He specializes in developing informational articles on topics including food, nutrition, fitness, health and pets.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If one were being uncharitable one might say the Londonist Music team has a certain preference for amplified guitars. So we're going to redress the balance today by introducing you all to Schmoof. Sarah and LLoyd meet the Londonist readers, Londonist readers meet Sarah and Lloyd. That's Lloyd on the left. Schmoof have been on our rader for a couple of years now, and look set to be surfacing on a few others pretty soon. The mathmeticians amongst you will have worked out that Londonist hasn't been around that long but these things don't matter in Schmoofworld. What matters are old school synths, pixelated projections, pink pvc and songs about boyfriends, chocolate and a cover of Sweet Child O' Mine that would send Axel apoplectic. It's awesome.
Schmoof deal in old school electro pop, unashamed flag wavers for the eighties revival as long as it's fun, glittery and fun. Short, sharp danceable disco ditties with an eye catching stage show (not to mention the contour clutching outfits) that's been perfected through countless touring. We'll be down at The Water Rats on Thursday and if you have a spare evening you might want to join us. In the meantime jump over to the other side for the Schmoof Questionnaire, although they never mentioned the night when Lloyd bit Sarah's boss's bum.
Lloyd - surf big waves around the world; search junk shops for old synthesizers.
Sarah - purchase nail varnish and shoes in as many colours as possible; disco dance.
Both – eat lots of chocolate.
Electro-pop about the important things in life: boys, chocolate & pulling on tube trains, with a live show of pvc, heels, zx spectrum projections & frantic strap-on keyboard duels.
All music is made on synthesizers from the 1970's and 1980's controlled by a 1985 Atari. All of our synthesizers have knobs and flashing lights and are connected together by real wires, not virtual wires. We don't have any musicians in our band because they are too egotistical –its better with just Sarah, Lloyd and an Atari.
Lloyd was in a boring indie band that played slow songs and the musicians did not move on stage. Lloyd then saw Sarah dancing in a nightclub and thought that she would move more on stage than the people in the boring indie band so Lloyd decided to be in a band with her instead.
What's The State Of Play With The Band At The Moment?
We're releasing our first UK single in November 2005.
What's The Big Game Plan For The Band?
We would prefer if people supported us – we are difficult to follow.
What's Your Ultimate Label To Be On?
Sarah – a Prince after-show party @ The Astoria. He jammed with Chaka Khan and George Benson. I lost my watch. I was so astounded that Prince was just a couple of meters from me that they probably just took it off my wrist without me noticing.
Lloyd – Portishead, Glasto in the rain. The rain made the music even more depressing. The musicianship was outstanding. Everyone played what they were meant to without over playing and venting their ego. They played as a band NOT as individuals showing off.
Have You Ever Thrown A TV Out Of A Hotel Window?
Not sure. It might prevent all our groupies from shimmying up the drainpipe to our room.
Any Great Stories From The Road?
Ooh lots! We did a gig at the Walkabout bar in Newquay. It was rammed full of blokes on stag nights and squaddies. Sarah wears small pvc dresses on stage. Lloyd wears tight pvc trousers on stage. We were scared. We also played at a Pie eating competition in a working men's club in Leeds! It was brilliant. And we once played at a festival in Kingston & the a member of the Schmoof crew took off his clothes & jumped into the Thames. The security was quite tight & he was soon surrounded by police boats & officers were standing on the banks of the Thames shouting for him to come in. They asked how much he'd had to drink and he replied "not enough".
Because we're the only electro band that rock and we use ZX Spectrums live on stage.
Come to a Schmoof gig.
Rowans in Finsbury Park and Finsbury Park Mosque.
Driving around in our Nova convoy playing Schmoof tunes loudly on the stereo (Sarah and Lloyd both drive Vauxhall Novas) and not paying Congestion Charge.
Sarah – yes, once on an actual tube train and once in a tube station.
If You Could Lose One Part Of London, Which Bit Would It Be?
Schmoof driving down the M3 on the way to play a Surf festival.
Get a bike! If this is not possible in the early hours of the morning then hold your breath.
If You Could Write A Song About London What Would It Be Called And What Kind Of Song Would It Be?
We've written it already! Its called 'Northern Line' & is about pulling on the tube.
If you're a band looking to get coverage in Londonist, get in touch with the music team, after reading these handy tips on How To Get Into Londonist's Music Posts.


text:
Category Archives: CWGC
Brothers-in-Arms
Sometimes we overlook more recent family history, concentrating on the more distant past. Currently events of 100 years ago are dominating the news, with national commemoration events for Battles such as Jutland and The Somme, to more individual and personal remembrances for the centenary of the death of a family member.
But here I will focus on a more recent conflict, World War II. We are moving towards a time when this too will disappear from living memory. Sadly those in my family with direct knowledge of this tale are long gone.
This post concerns the fate of Albert Edward Hill, or Ned as he was known: My grandad's cousin.
Finding out the circumstances surrounding death in conflict can be challenging: Which battle; location; precise cause of death; time; even date; and perhaps there is no known burial place. World War II in many ways presents a bigger challenge than its predecessor, with the public availability of records.
However in Ned's case it's all fairly straightforward. He is buried locally at St Paul's churchyard, Hanging Heaton. His death is well documented. It was not caused by some battle injury. It was the result of a totally avoidably, foolishly tragic accident following a night out.
Ned was born on 2 February 1901, one of the seven children of Albert Hill and Sarah Ann Summerscales. These included Harry who died shortly after birth in 1890; Percy, Annie, Lilian, Doris and Arthur.
Ned never married. The 1939 Register, the population list compiled at on 29 September, as a result of the outbreak of war, shows him living at Wood Lane, Hanging Heaton. He is in the household of his brother-in-law Harry Robertshaw along with Harry's two young sons. Harry's wife, Ned's sister Annie died that summer, her burial taking place at St Paul's Hanging Heaton on 6 July 1939.
In the 1939 Register Ned is recorded as working as a willeyer in a woollen mill. This was someone who operated what was termed a willeying machine. Fibres were fed into this machine, which separated and combed them ready for carding. Newspaper reports at the time of his death, however, indicate prior to his army service he worked as a builder's labourer, employed by Hanging Heaton-based building contactors George Kilburn and sons.
I do suspect some confusion in the report though, and this occupation possibly applied to his brother Arthur. In the 1939 Register he was a public works contractor's labourer.
Whatever the true facts are war changed all this, and some two-and-a-half years before his death Ned joined the Army, as a Gunner.
Gunner Hill
His death came entirely out of the blue. Summer 1945, and war in Europe over, Ned returned home to Batley on leave. He finally managed to meet up with his younger brother Arthur, a driver with the RASC, similarly on leave. This was the first time they had seen each other since Ned's military service. Arthur had been in the Army for four years at this point, serving in Germany, Belgium, France and Holland.
Things must have seemed hopeful. They had survived so far. All being well they would be home soon permanently. The past tragedy of the family would not repeat itself….
Little could they have envisaged that this meeting would be their last, and in three weeks Ned would be dead.
Leave over and Ned returned back to his Unit, the 397 Battery, 122 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, stationed at Walberswick, near Southwold in Suffolk. This was part of the network of coastal defences, established in response to the threat of German invasion from May 1940 after their rapid victory in Western Europe. That German threat was now gone.
On 20 July 1945 he and another soldier from the same unit, Gunner Leonard Lomax, had evening leave. They left camp at 6pm that Friday for a night out in Southwold. The ferryman took them over the River Blyth and said he would return for them at 10-30-11.00pm.
An interesting aside is the ferry service from Walberswick had featured in Parliament only weeks earlier on 8 June 1945. There had been a seam steam-driven chain ferry which was discontinued in World War II, and it seems a rowing boat service replaced it. The ferry was privately owned and there had been problems in maintaining a regular service. Suffolk County Council was negotiating to acquire the ferry rights to ensure an adequate service.
Walberswick Ferry circa early 1940s Postcard, F Jenkins, Southwold
Ned and Leonard visited three public houses in Southwold and consumed about six pints of mixed beer. They left town at 10.15pm for the return ferry but there was no sign of the man with the boat. As they were debating whether to return to Southwold to catch the liberty truck to camp, a boat containing two soldiers came from the Walberswick side of the river.
These two soldiers, Lance Bombardier Edward Davis and Bombardier George Rennie were from another Battery. They heard shouts from the Southwold side of the river and thought some men from their Company were stranded as it appeared the ferry service had stopped. Despite having consumed three pints, or maybe because of it, seeing a boat moored in the water they decided to cross to collect their companions, but when they arrived found they were strangers. Nevertheless they offered Ned and Leonard a lift back.
They clambered in the small boat, which turned out to be a yacht's dingy and using the home-made paddles which were aboard the boat, Edward and George set about rowing back. About halfway across Leonard became aware of his feet feeling wet, water sloshing over the top of his shoes.
George and Edward were now having difficulty controlling the craft and stood up to paddle. They were about eight yards from the Walberswick side when the boat got into trouble with the tide and started to drift back towards Southwold and then seawards. The boat was filling up with water, either the result of a leak or overloading. At this point Ned grabbed a paddle from Edward and the boat turned over throwing all four men into the river.
Leonard and George managed to get hold of a step ladder running down the harbour wall and climb ashore. They could not see the other two men, so made their way to Southwold to inform the police.
Meanwhile Edward, realising that Ned could not swim, tried to keep him up despite not being a strong swimmer himself. He managed to get them both to the concrete wall where Ned grabbed some weeds. Unfortunately they broke away. Edward continued to hold onto Ned but eventually became too exhausted and he had to let him go. Edward then managed to get hold of the ladder and escape.
In summing up the Coroner censured the boat's occupants. The accident, he said, was the result of four "landlubbers" knowing nothing whatever about boating. The two soldiers should never have taken Leonard and Ned aboard because they overloaded the boat. There must have been some movement with the result that the boat capsized.
He went onto say that he hoped the tragedy would be a warning to others not to take boats without leave, and not to go on a swift running river like this one unless they were experienced persons who know how many a boat would take. "It is difficult to blame anyone because it is pure ignorance" he added.
A verdict of "Death through drowning through the upsetting of a boat" was recorded.
The Commanding Officer of the Battery wrote to Ned's sister Doris extending his and the Battery's sympathies as follows:
"On behalf of the ranks of this battery wish to express to you our horror at this tragedy. Gunner Hill was a grand soldier and a man well-known and loved by the men of this unit".
Ned's body was brought back to Batley and he was buried in the church yard at St Paul's, Hanging Heaton, just weeks before VJ Day and the war effectively ending.
Arthur survived the war. But Ned's fate echoed that of another brother in another conflict, Percy. He died almost 29 years earlier in The Great War, during the Battle of the Somme.
Memories too of the newspaper "Roll of Honour In Memoriam" notices which the Hill family, including the then teenager Ned, placed in the papers all those decades before, mourning the loss of Percy.
Batley News – 5 October 1918
Hill – In sad but loving memory of our dear son and brother, 1736 Sergt Percy Hill, 1st-4th KOYLI (Batley Territorials) who died from wounds at Warloy Baillon, West of Albert, France, September 30th, 1916, aged 24 years.
When last we met, and fondly parted
Our hopes were high, our faith was strong,
We trusted that the separation
Though hard to bear would not be long
We often sit and think of him when we are
This memory is the only thing we can call
our own;
Like ivy on the withered oak, when other
things decay
Our love for him will ever live, and never
Ever remembered by his sorrowing mother, father, sisters and brothers, 92, Back Bromley Street, Hanging Heaton
A family which had now lost a brother in both World Wars.
1939 Register: FindMyPast
Batley News 5 October 1918 and 28 July 1945
Batley Reporter 28 July 1945
Census: 1881-1911
Commonwealth War Graves Commission: http://www.cwgc.org/
Hansard HC Deb 08 June 1945 vol 411 c1212W http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1945/jun/08/ferry-service-walberswick-suffolk
Southwold/Walberswick Ferry http://www.visitsouthwold.co.uk/articles/ferries-railways-and-war-walberswick and http://www.southwoldmuseum.org/transport_water.htm
Walberswick – Coastal Defences of WW2: http://www.walberswickww2.co.uk/
Posted in Ancestry, Batley, Battle of the Somme, CWGC, Family History, Hanging Heaton, Suffolk, The Great War, Walberswick, WW1, WW2
Tagged Ancestry, Battle of the Somme, CWGC, family history, Walberswick, WW1, WW2
Somme Centenary Commemorations – Thiepval, 1 July 2016
I'm still struggling to absorb the many levels of the amazing remembrance ceremony which took place on 1 July 2016. Still lost for words. Still unable to believe I attended the Somme centenary commemorations at Thiepval. It left me with a complex mix of feelings. It was a unique, emotional, exhausting, exhilarating and, strangely given the context, enjoyable experience. But above all it was an absolute privilege to be one of around 10,000 people present, to pay my respects and remember: from the great and the good, to those ordinary British, Irish and French citizens who were allocated tickets in the public ballot.
Somme Poppies – by Jane Roberts
I don't have any family connections to any of the over 72,000 British and South African officers and men named on the Thiepval memorial, with no known grave. However I do have relatives of direct-line ancestors who died in the Battle of the Somme and have identified graves elsewhere. And the names of 11 men from my parish church, St Mary's of the Angels RC Church, Batley are etched in the Thiepval Memorial stone: 11 men whose lives I researched:
Edward Barber: 18th (Service) Battalion, Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment)
Thomas W Chappell: 1st/4th Battalion, The King's Own ( Yorkshire Light Infantry)
Thomas Finneran: 1st Battalion, The King's (Liverpool Regiment)
Martin Gallagher: 6th (Service) Battalion, The King's Own ( Yorkshire Light Infantry)
James Garner: 10th (Service) Battalion, The King's Own ( Yorkshire Light Infantry)
Joseph Gavaghan: 17th (Service) Battalion, The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment)
Patrick Hopkins: 9th (Service) Battalion, The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
Edward Leonard: 1st/8th Battalion, The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment)
John Lyons: 1st Battalion, The King's Own Scottish Borderers
Thomas McNamara: 7th (Service) Battalion, The King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry)
Michael J O'Hara: 1st/4th Battalion, The Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment)
I applied for tickets in the public ballot last year, as did my husband, Chris. Neither of us were successful initially. However Chris received an e-mail in March informing him of a second chance of tickets if still interested. No question about it. He jumped at the opportunity. To say we were thrilled was an understatement.
Although we have travelled several times to the area, this time rather than making independent arrangements we booked to go with Leger Holidays on their Somme Centenary Tour. That way we didn't have the worry of sorting hotels and navigating the daunting exclusion zone which surrounded the area. We also had two full day's organised tours of key areas of the Somme battlefield with a fabulously knowledgeable guide.
It also meant rather than being individuals we were able to experience the occasion as part of a group. That was, in my opinion, the best way to assimilate and process the emotions of the day: sharing with others who were there.
Somme Centenary Programme Cover – by Jane Roberts
The commemoration was well organised, right from getting to and from the event, through to provision of food and drinks, even down to a goody bag with a poncho in case of rain. And goodness, was that needed at certain points during proceedings, especially given the umbrella ban. Torrential rain showers doesn't adequately describe the day's downpours.
And despite the heavy rain showers over a prolonged period in the lead up to the event the site looked perfect. The head gardener told us that planting preparations had commenced three years earlier.
All involved in organising such a complex and sensitive event in front and behind the scenes over many months deserve massive recognition and thanks: from planning, security, ticketing, staging, catering to those performing, showing guests to seats and tidying up afterwards. An incredible achievement.
Police Escort for Coach – by Jane Roberts
Poncho in Use – by Chris Roberts
The readings and music perfectly encapsulated the themes of honouring and remembering all those involved in the Battle of the Somme from the 1 July start date to 18 November end, reflecting a wide range of nations and roles.
It is difficult to pick any one highlight. If pushed for me it was the hauntingly beautiful Gaelic love song, "An Eala Bhàn", (The White Swan). It was written during the Battle of the Somme by poet Donald MacDonald, serving with the 1st Battalion Cameron Highlanders, to his sweetheart Maggie Macleod. Listening to those bleak words sung in the crystal clear tones of Julie Fowlis against the backdrop of the Thiepval Memorial sent shivers down the spine.
Edward Barber Panel – by Jane Roberts
Great War Gun Carriage with RHA and Irish Guard – by Jane Roberts
I came away from the commemoration with an immense sense of admiration and thankfulness for all those who served 100 years ago. But I was also left with a profound feeling of sadness at the immense loss of lives, youth, innocence; with individuals, families and communities changed forever.
Wreaths laid at the Cermony – by Jane Roberts
Unknown Soldier's Headstone – by Jane Roberts
As I mentioned, because we travelled with Leger Holidays we visited a number of other key Somme sites and points of interest during our stay. These included Lochnagar Crater, the result of the detonation of the Lochnagar Mine at 7.28am on 1 July 1916, two minutes before Zero Hour and the launch of the Somme offensive; Delville Wood and the South African Memorial; Devonshire Trench and the scene of the 9th Devons advance straight into ferocious, concentrated enfilading German machine gun fire on 1 July, leaving 160 dead; Sheffield Memorial Park, commemorating the Pals Battalions of the British Army's 31st Division; Newfoundland Park Memorial at Beaumont Hamel, with its largely untouched ground revealing the scars of shell craters and trenches, as well as its cemeteries, preserved trenches and memorials. This includes the Caribou, one of five on the Western Front, commemorating the Newfoundland Regiment; the town of Albert with its iconic Golden Virgin statue; and Pozières with its Australian connections.
Delville Wood, South African National Memorial – by Jane Roberts
Lochnagar Crater – by Jane Roberts
Golden Virgin, Albert – by Jane Roberts
Newfoundland Park – by Jane Roberts
Caribou – by Jane Roberts
Danger Tree – by Jane Roberts
Pozieres Windmill – by Jane Roberts
Sheffield Memorial Park – by Jane Roberts
Railway Hollow Cemetery – by Jane Roberts
I experienced a couple of take-your-breath away moments. The first occurred at Sunken Lane, the scene of the famous Geoffrey Malins' film of the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers shortly before they went over the top on 1 July 1916. As we arrived a group of soldiers in Great War uniforms walked towards us, an eerie reminder of events 100 years ago.
Sunken Lane – by Jane Roberts
The second was at Ulster Tower. In the midst of another torrential downpour I heard pipe music and saw the top of flags coming towards me from the direction of Connaught Cemetery. The sun came out as the men marched in for a wreath-laying ceremony. As the pipes played "When Johnny comes marching home again" I admit I had a lump in my throat.
Ulster Tower – by Jane Roberts
I'll end with some stats. 1 July 1916, the first day of the Battle of the Somme, left over 19,000 British dead. That was but one day in the 141 days of the Somme Offensive, which finally ended on 18 November 1916. By its end, out of the over 3.5million men who took part across all sides, there were well over one million casualties, dead, missing and wounded. It can however be easy to overlook the fact that the war dragged on for a further 723 days. And it lasted 1,568 days in total, from the first shots on 28 July 1914 to the 11 November 1918 Armistice.
Pozieres British Cemetery and Memorial with Thiepval in the background – by Jane Roberts
All photos by Jane Roberts, except the poncho photo which is by Chris Roberts
Posted in CWGC, The Great War, The Somme, Thiepval, WW1
Tagged Centenary Commemoration, CWGC, The Somme, Thiepval, WW1
Remembered by Families in Batley Cemetery; Remembered by the CWGC Elsewhere
This is the first of my posts in the run up to Remembrance Sunday.
The work of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is familiar to many. They care for cemeteries and memorials in 23,000 locations across 154 countries, ensuring the 1.7 million people from Commonwealth forces who lost their lives as a result of the two world wars are never forgotten.
Batley cemetery contains CWGC 66 burials. Predominantly these plots have standard CWGC headstones, but there are also some Private Memorials where families chose to erect their own headstone on a war grave. All are listed on the CWGC website.[1]
Unsurprisingly some families who had loved ones commemorated elsewhere by the CWGC, chose also to include their names on family headstones in home cemeteries. This is not exclusively confined to those military personnel with no known graves. These are not classed as war graves. The service person is not buried there. So they are entirely distinct from CWGC recognised Private Memorials.
These inscriptions would provide a focal point close to home for families of service personnel with no known grave, or buried far from home. They are a visible sign of love, acknowledgement and family remembrance.
These headstones can prove invaluable for researchers in terms of family and service details. But, as they are not war graves, they are not recorded by the CWGC. So it is a case of seeking them out.
Here are four I spotted in Batley cemetery.
Able Seaman Farrar Hill, killed on 31 January 1918[2] when his submarine, HMS E/50, was lost in the North Sea. It is believed to have struck a mine near the South Dogger Light Vessel. He is commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial. But he is remembered on the Hill family headstone.
Farrar Hill – family headstone
Pte Robert Hirst, 6th Bn King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. He was killed in action on 24 September 1915 and has no known grave. His name appears on The Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial. His family have included his name on a relatively new headstone in Batley cemetery.
Robert Hirst's relatively new headstone
Rifleman Edward Leonard, 1st/8th Bn West Yorkshire Regiment, killed in action on 2 July 1916 and commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial. His sister Annie, a munitions worker at the Barnbow factory at Garforth, Leeds, died on 21 July 1916 from picric acid poisoning – the same day as the Leonard family received news Edward was missing. His and Annie's name appear on the headstone.
The Leonard family headstone
Pte Albert Smith of the 2nd/5th Bn Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment died of wounds on 27 May 1918. He is buried in Bagneux British Cemetery, Gezaincourt, France but he is also included on his family headstone.
The Smith family headstone – including Albert Smith
So, even for those service men and women commemorated on CWGC memorials and in cemeteries elsewhere, do not discount information provided on family headstones closer to home.
The Royal British Legion launched its 2015 Poppy Appeal on 22 October. This is their link: http://www.britishlegion.org.uk/
Commonwealth War Graves Commission website – http://www.cwgc.org/
"St Mary of the Angels War Memorial" – Jane Roberts
Photos – Jane Roberts
Royal British Legion – http://www.britishlegion.org.uk/
[1] http://www.cwgc.org/
[2] Some sources indicate the submarine was lost "on or around 1 February 1918", but 31 January is the CWGC date
Posted in Ancestry, Batley, CWGC, Family History, Poppy Appeal, Remembrance, Remembrance Sunday, Royal British Legion, WW1
Tagged Ancestry, Batley, CWGC, family history, Poppy Appeal, Remembrance, Remembrance Sunday, Royal British Legion, WW1
Pro Patria, Pro Rege, Pro Familia: WW1 Centenary Visit
Last weekend I returned to Ypres. A visit I felt compelled to make. 19 September marked the centenary of the death of my great grand uncle, Jesse Hill.[1] So it seemed appropriate to visit his grave in Ypres Reservoir Cemetery.
Ypres Reservoir Cemetery
It was a weekend full of coincidences. And an unforgettable one. The events of 100 years ago still resonate emotionally with many today.
I visited Jesse's grave on Friday evening, the eve of the anniversary. The headstone is beneath trees and as a result every time I've visited it's rather mud-splattered. Friday was no different. However when I returned first thing on Saturday morning, the anniversary of his death, the headstone had been cleaned!
There was only one other person in the cemetery at 9.30 that morning – and it was someone I know from home! He was visiting the graves of Dewsbury men from 6th Battalion King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (KOYLI), comrades of Jesse, who died at around the same time. So a huge coincidence that we'd both travelled 350 miles and turned up in that cemetery at the exact same time.
Before I left I placed a poppy cross, brought all the way from Batley, on Jesse's grave.
From Unit War Diary maps, I'd located the area occupied by the 6th KOYLI the morning Jesse died. So on Saturday afternoon I walked around Railway Wood and what was the vicinity of the 'H' Sector trenches. Walking the ground brought home the frighteningly close proximity of the British Front Line to the German trenches in a way maps cannot. And it made the concept of "friendly fire" incidents far more understandable.
RE Grave, Railway Wood
On that walk my husband found two pieces of shrapnel. It's not unusual, but then again in all my many visits it's only happened to us on two previous occasions – so it did feel incredible that this find occurred on the 100th anniversary and in that very location.
On Sunday morning I returned to Ypres Reservoir Cemetery. Unbelievably a second poppy cross lay on Jesse's grave. A look I the visitor register confirmed that another Hill descendent also had the urge to pay an anniversary visit Jesse's grave.
Jesse Hill's headstone
Later that morning I attended a Rededication Service at Birr Cross Roads cemetery. Thanks to the patience, perseverance and unstinting efforts of Australian volunteer researchers, three soldiers' headstones previously carrying the "unknown" epitaph now have identities; and the families of these three Australian soldiers, Pte Huntsman, Pte Eacott and Pte Neilson, now have named graves to visit. It speaks volumes of the emotional pull of the events so long ago that families of all three soldiers travelled halfway across the world to be at the service. It was a privilege to be there too.
Birr Cross Roads Rededication Service
Other visits that day included Tyne Cot Cemetery and Memorial. The sheer size of the cemetery even after many visits is difficult to take in with 11,956 First World War servicemen buried or commemorated here, of which in excess of 8,000 are unidentified. The list of almost 35,000 names on the memorial is equally staggering.
Tyne Cot Cemetery and Memorial
I returned home on Monday. On the way back to Calais I stopped off at the first CWGC site I ever visited: the majestic, lion-flanked Ploegsteert Memorial. Although I'm a Rugby League fan, as it's the Rugby Union World Cup it seemed appropriate to pop across the road to call by the grave of England Rugby Union captain Ronald Poulton Palmer at Hyde Park Corner (Royal Berks) Cemetery.
Ploegsteert Memorial
Ronald Poulton Palmer's Grave
Final stop was Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery. I wanted to visit the graves of three men whose lives I researched and who have connections to my home Parish of Batley St Mary's: John Collins, Henry Groa(r)k and Patrick Lyons. The cemetery has an excellent visitor centre with information about the soldiers buried there. I've supplied information about the St Mary's men, and there is a webpage if others wish to do the same.[2] There is also a wall containing some of their images. The first one I noticed was remarkably familiar – the photo of Patrick Lyons. It seemed a fitting end to my latest visit to Belgium.
Lijssenthoek Visitor Centre
[1] See blog post https://t.co/JcKGrZVh7t
[2] http://www.lijssenthoek.be/en/page/160/visitor-centre.html
Posted in Batley, CWGC, Family History, KOYLI, WW1
Tagged Batley, CWGC, family history, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, WW1


text:
Christian Psychotherapy for Convicts?
Repeated research studies have revealed that secular efforts at rehabilitation have been unsuccessful in preventing recidivism. Not one of the various approaches to psychological counseling has been able to demonstrate success statistically in helping inmates rehabilitate. Among nearly 300,000 prisoners released in 15 states in 1994, 67.5% were re-arrested within 3-years. A study of 1983 releases estimated 62.5% (Langan and Levin, Bureau of Justice Statistics, June 2002).
Historically, this has been true according to the publication of The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment (Lipton, Martinson, & Wilks,1975), which highlighted the controversy as to whether correctional treatment reduces recidivism. This review examined a variety of treatments (e.g., individual and group psychotherapy and counseling, intensive casework, and skill development) and reported the results on a number of different outcome criteria (e.g., adjustment to prison life, vocational success, recidivism rate). The relationship between any single treatment or combination of programs and recidivism rate was far from being convincing. In a review of the Lipton study, Martinson concluded that "with few isolated exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so far have had no appreciable effect on recidivism."
Psychotherapy has proven to be effective with most populations. Consumer Reports (Seligman, 1995) published an article that concluded patients who benefited very substantially from psychotherapy, that long-term treatment did considerably better than short-term treatment, and that psychotherapy alone did not differ in effectiveness from medication plus psychotherapy. Furthermore, no specific modality of psychotherapy did better than any other for any disorder psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers did not differ in their effectiveness as therapists and all did better than marriage counselors and long-term family doctoring. Patients whose length of therapy or choice of therapist was limited by insurance or managed care did worse.
So the question remains: Why have psychotherapeutic efforts been unsuccessful in reducing recidivism rates within the prison population? It is more than likely possible that the "psychotherapy" previously mentioned has not been made accessible or affordable to the prison population. It is also probable that this type of psychotherapy is not meeting this populations social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual needs.
The study of religion in criminology on the other hand is now receiving national and scholarly attention. Evans, (et al. 1995), found that participation in religious activities was a persistent and non-contingent inhibitor of adult crime.
President George W. Bush in his 2004 State of the Union Address, proposed a four-year, $300 million initiative to reduce recidivism and the societal costs of re-incarceration by harnessing the resources and experience of faith-based and community organizations. In 2003, President Bush created the nation's first White House Office of Faith-based and Community initiatives designed to send as much as $10 billion a year to these institutions to perform social services.
Chuck Colson, who was White House counsel under President Nixon and spent seven months in prison for his part in the Watergate affair, launched the Inner Change Freedom Initiative in 1997 at a Texas prison, with close enthusiastic support from President Bush, then the state's governor. The program is now offered at prisons in Kansas, Minnesota and Iowa, and has also expanded into federal penitentiaries. A two-year study, conducted by the University of Pennsylvania (peer-reviewed at Harvard and Princeton) between 2000 and 2002, showed that Inner Change graduates, when compared with a similar group of released inmates – controlled for race, age and offense type – who met program criteria but did not enter the program, were 50% less likely to be arrested and 60% less likely to be re-incarcerated.
Johnson, Larson, and Pitts, (1997), after examining the impact of religious programs on institutional adjustment and recidivism rates in two matched groups of inmates from four adult male prisons in New York State, found that inmates involvement in "Prison Fellowship-sponsored programs who were most active in Bible studies were significantly less likely to be arrested during the follow-up period. They also suggested that if religion can inhibit delinquent and criminal activity, why might it not facilitate the process as well as the outcomes of prison rehabilitation?
Aside from complex and difficult theological discussion about the possible spiritual roles of religion, as well as the evidence demonstrating the mental and physical health benefits of religion (Bergin 1983, 1991 Gartner et al. 1991 Larson, Sherrill, and Lyons 1994 Levin and Vanderpool 1987, 1989), there are scientific reasons to predict that religion might effect behavioral and social change. Religion targets antisocial values, emphasizes accountability and responsibility, changes cognitive approaches to conflict, and provides social support and social skills through interaction with religious people and communities (Bergin 1991 Levin and Vanderpool 1987 Martin and Carlson1988).
Such emphases seem to be consistent with what many rehabilitation workers would call principles of effective treatment. Religious programs for inmates are among the most common forms of rehabilitative programs found in correctional facilities today as confirmed by the U.S. Department of Justice (1993), which reports representative data on America's prison populations. Religious activities attracted the most participation: 32 percent of the sampled inmates reported involvement in religious activities such as Bible studies and church services, 20 percent reported taking part in self-improvement programs, and 17 percent in counseling. These percentages are quite revealing, as nearly one inmate in three is involved in religious programs. Yet despite these figures, only a handful of published studies (Clearetal. 1992a, 1992b B. Johnson 1984, 1987a, 1987b) have examined the influence of religion and religious beliefs or practices on key prison predictor and outcome measures such as inmates' adjustment and recidivism.
The scarcity of research about prisoners and the influence of religious variables on inmates' adjustment and recidivism can be attributed to potential problematic biases held by both religious workers and scientific researchers (Larson et al. 1986 Larson et al. 1995 Larson, Sherrill, and Lyons 1994 Post 1995). Many chaplains, ministers, and religious volunteers who work in religious programs have been reluctant or have lacked the skills to undertake publishable research. This reluctance had been fueled by a broader historical skepticism about the relevance of religion held by many in higher education, and at best by university researchers' ambivalence in studying spirituality or religion (Jones 1994, Larson et al. 1994).
Arthur Hogles, author of "The Church and the Criminal," proclaims, "many a criminal has been so completely transformed by the power of God that all desire to break the law has been eliminated. Evangelical religion is a social asset. Data, however, does not exist at present which directly demonstrates conclusively the effect of inmate conversion on recidivism. If in fact the root cause of all crime arises from man's sinful nature and his cultivation of sinful habits, then it is the churches responsibility to help with the rehabilitation process. Sinful lifestyles create guilt feelings which lead to low self-esteem and a poor self-image. Bad family situations, alcohol and drug abuse, and education and employment problems are all symptoms of the development of a failure identity. If the conversion experience has a direct correlation to a positive self-image and a success identity, then Christian psychologists can offer insight into the prevention, intervention and rehabilitation of criminals.
Recently, there has been a growing interest in biblically based approaches to counseling by spirit filled evangelical scholars and counseling psychologists. They are integrating the research of psychology and religion particularly the Christian Faith, for rehabilitative efforts. The claims of great numbers of people confessing a personal relationship with the God of the Universe through His Son, Jesus Christ, are amazingly similar regardless of place, time, environment, or background. They confirm that Christ satisfies the deepest mental and spiritual needs of all intellects, ages, races and nationalities. This relationship carries an influence through time and into eternity.
For more info see: "Christian Psychotherapy & Criminal Rehabilitation," by Dr. James Slobodzien at –
Addictions Recovery Management Services http://www.geocities.com/drslbdzn/Behavioral_Addictions.html
James Slobodzien, Psy.D., CSAC, is a Hawaii licensed psychologist and certified substance abuse counselor who earned his doctorate in Clinical Psychology. He is credentialed by the National Registry of Health Service Providers in Psychology. He has over 20-years of mental health experience primarily working in the fields of alcohol/ substance abuse and behavioral addictions in hospital, prison, and court settings. He is an adjunct professor of Psychology and also maintains a private practice as a mental health consultant.
Published in Spirituality
Poly-behavioral Addiction
Religious Addiction
More from SpiritualityMore posts in Spirituality »
Yin-Yang You
Why Is Spiritual Truth So Elusive?
Who Are You – Really?
Happiness And Health Are The Two Most Important Things In Life
Is Self-Esteem Contrary to Christianity
The philosophy of self-esteem is probably the most influential doctrine …
How to Manifest a 'Magic Money' Mindset
1.Forget everything you think you know about reality and how …
Treating Crohn's Disease With Nutritional Change
The Laws of Attraction
As a man thinks, so is he. Ever wonder why certain people get the …
New Research Links Causes Of Hair Loss To Nutritional Deficiency
Whilst it may be comforting to know that humans are not alone in suffering …
Digital Photography Basics Black & White
One of the least explored creative uses of the digital camera is black and …
Hypnosis Money and 3 Major Motives of Our Lives
There are three major motives for our lives: We live for our body. We …
Mission trip basics
A popular proverb say's "one small good deed is better than the thousand grandest …
Coffee Products for Free if you Know How
Are you aware that you can find coffee products and connected coffee products for …
Famous Oil Painting Reproduction
Leonardo da Vinci has been at the helm of many inventions, scientific theories, brilliant …
What's Anxiety And How Do I Recognize The Symptoms?
Most of us, if not all of us have felt nervous at one time …
Heart occupies a pivotal position in the human body. You may not arrive at …
Blog Marketing And Home Businesses
Blog marketing is something that all blog owners do. They market their blog so …


When last leaving the Strawhat crew, the superb Thriller Bark arc had built up to a fantastic finale, with each of Shichibukai Gekko Moriah's crew facing off against each of Luffy's, not to mention the gargantuan threat looming of Oars and Moriah himself. Now the battle of Thriller Park reaches its stunning finale and there are some short new adventures before the next big story of Sabaody Archipelago begins. This latest collection comes courtesy of Manga Entertainment and is out now.
The previous collection brought the story of Thriller Bark right up to the climax of its story, and within the first few episodes in this collection the story has reached its end. When the dust settles at Thriller Bark, though, a brutal reminder that its captain Gekko Moriah is one of the Shichibukai appears. The World Government protects its own, and with the Strawhats already pushed to breaking point, they would have little chance of putting up a fight against a tyrant.
After Thriller Bark, the next step for the Straw Hats was meant to be Fishman Island, but there are a few delays along the way. The next arc in line is Sabaody Archipelago, another amazing arc, full of world building and tons of new character introductions, but this collection first has a few… *sigh*…filler episodes… To be fair, though, they aren't the worst filler out there and only consist of three episodes. Two of these see Luffy and crew visiting the special Spa Island resort and going head to head once again with the Team Rocket-esque Silver Fox Foxy Pirates, protecting a pair of sisters from some evildoers who want their father's research. Sure, the episodes are silly and light-hearted but they are enjoyable enough and fit with the overall story. They also don't outstay their welcome. The third filler episode is used to show how Brook is trying to fit in among his new crew. It's a charming little episode that gives a glimpse into the bonds between the crew, and has some great moments showing how Robin went through the same thing.
The extra features included with this release consist of two episodes with commentary tracks - the first with a pair of lovely ladies, the voice actors of Robin and Luffy, who talk all about their recent experience having babies, and the second with the voice actors of Sanji and Zoro, who talk total nonsense - for those who enjoy such things. There's also a feature called "In the Galley with the Straw Hats" where the voice actors answer questions, along with the usual clean opening.
A fantastic conclusion to a superb arc here in One Piece Collection 16, once again showing why One Piece is the (Pirate) King of Shonen and will continue to be for many, many years to come. You know a show is good when even the fillers are enjoyable! Thankfully, there's not a lot of filler here, either, so with the next collection it will be a case of diving straight into one of the most important arcs in all of the series. Look out for some big Pirate introductions in Collection 17!


Ericeira is a beach town, fishing village on the west coast of Portugal, about 35 km northwest of the centre of Lisbon and a 30minute drive from Lisbons International Airport.
With the Atlantic Ocean and the warming rays of the sun as its eternal companion, Ericeira with its ocean of traditions has evolved. It's the perfect escape for surf, sea, sand, and rustic nature.
The rugged coastline and its sandy bays provide much room for exploration.


Round Metal Table Legs Cozy Ideas File Angels4peace Com Intended For 0 | Pallaikaroly.com round table with metal legs. wooden round table metal legs. vintage metal round table legs.
Round Metal Table Legs Lovely Interior Simple Stainless Steel Single Base For Shape 2. Round Metal Table Legs Gorgeous 4 Black High Coffee End 53002 3. Round Metal Table Legs Comfortable Coffee Best 25 Diy Ideas On Pinterest Steel Pertaining To 4. Round Metal Table Legs Warm Base Series Modern Office With Glass And 5. Round Metal Table Legs 4 Black High Coffee End 53002 In Addition To 6. Round Metal Table Legs Stunning Cozy Home Interesting Wood Dining Pedestal Base As Well 7. Round Metal Table Legs Fantasy Image Collections Decoration Ideas Regarding 8. Round Metal Table Legs Elegant Black Ideas Pertaining To 9. Round Metal Table Legs Encourage 4 Polished Chrome End Accent Modern 53003 With Regard To 10. Round Metal Table Legs Stunning Traditional Furniture Accessories Making Pertaining To 11. Round Metal Table Legs Inspire 4 Polished Chrome End Accent Modern 53003 For 12. Round Metal Table Legs Elegant Medium Size Of Folding Coffee Black Iron Side Pertaining To 13. Round Metal Table Legs Stunning Coffee 4 Steel Bench 53004 Stora With Regard To 14. Round Metal Table Legs Stunning Image Collections Decoration Ideas 15. Round Metal Table Legs Invigorate Fabulous Dining Bases Steel Base Pertaining To 16. Round Metal Table Legs Elegant Dining And 17. Round Metal Table Legs Beautiful Base Top Dining Amazing Pertaining To 18. Round Metal Table Legs Cozy Coffee Amusing Along With 19.


If you read the Tele you already know you are a winner in life.
Global superstar Craig David and his full live band will perform at Dundee Slessor Gardens on Friday June 7.
The Evening Telegraph wants to know what YOU think – and you could even receive a cash reward.
SPONSORED: Win a family meal at The Giddy Goose and a trip to the panto!
Once again panto at the Whitehall is in the capable hands of the Downfield Musical Society, which has been presenting pantos in Dundee for 60 years.
The Tele has launched a competition to find the best fish and chip shop in and around Dundee.


Email or Call Airmaster propellers (or a registered reseller) and outline what aircraft and engine you have, and what you want to achieve be use of the propeller. We will let you know what options we can offer and what benefits you can expect.
Provide your details for us to fill out an order request. Typically we will want to know your contact details, delivery details, aircraft and engine details and the type of propeller you have chosen. We have a form that can help in the collection of this information.
Airmaster will take the information you have provided and make up an official order for you. This will lay out clearly all the details of what has been ordered, how much it will cost and where it will be delivered to. You will also be given an estimated shipping date.
Once you have checked that the details on the order are correct (address etc), sign and fax the order confirmation back to Airmaster.
With the order confirmed, Airmaster will create your propeller as requested. This part of the process takes ~2 weeks. Although the main components are held in stock, since each propeller is a unique combination of hub, blades, spinner etc, each propeller must be finally assembled to the specific customer requirements.
As the propeller nears completion, Airmaster will issue you with an invoice for payment.
This may be made by international bank transfer. There will be instructions on how to do this printed on the invoice as shown.
Once funds are recieved, your propeller will be shipped by UPS courier to your door. This will take 2-5 days depending on your region. The delivery process can be tracked on the UPS web site. http://www.ups.com/tracking/tracking.html You should also recieve automatically updates from UPS at the email address you provided on your order from.
The delivery service used is a full service, so delivery has been arranged to your door.
In some countries there may be additional fees to pay to the relevant authorities (local taxes or import duties). This can usually be arranged through UPS but you may wish to check your particular situation here.


text:
bringING women to equal participation in news comments
Camden Conference presents NY Times moderator Marie Tessier in Belfast
Marie Tessier. (Photo courtesy Camden Conference)
BELFAST — The Camden Conference presents Marie Tessier, Tuesday, October 22, at 6:30 p.m., at the Belfast Free Library.
Tessier is a women's engagement evangelist moderating comment to the Opinion pages of NYTimes and contributing to the TakingNote blog. Her ambition is to bring women to equal participation in news comments by the 2020 centennial of the 19th Amendment.
This event is free and open to all.
Marie Tessier works at the intersection of democracy, news and interactive media as moderator of reader comment to the Opinion pages of NYTimes.com, where she is an authority on including women's voices. She is writing a book for MIT Press, Suffragist: Women, the Web and the Future of Democracy, 2019. She was a women's engagement strategist with the Coral Project, a collaborative software development project of the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Knight-Mozilla OpenNews that is now owned and operated by Vox Media.
She was a Reynolds Journalism Institute Fellow, working to fulfill the civic purposes of news comments, and promote the engagement women, the news industry's most valuable consumers. Before joining The Times in 2007, she was an independent journalist specializing in coverage of violence against women, politics, and legal and financial affairs.
In addition to NYTimes.com, her work has appeared on the Women's eNews and Women's Media Center Web sites, in Ms. magazine, the Columbia Journalism Review, The Washington Post, the Chicago Tribune, the San Francisco Chronicle, in other papers and magazines, and on "Marketplace" radio and National Public Radio.
She has been a regular panelist on a Maine Public Television talk show. She is an independent writer whose work has been distributed throughout the English and Arabic-speaking world.
This event is presented in anticipation of the 33rd Annual Camden Conference — The Media Revolution: Changing the World, February 21-23, 2020, live at the Camden Opera House and livestreamed to the Hutchinson Center in Belfast, Strand Theatre in Rockland, and Hannaford Hall in Portland.
The mission of the Camden Conference is to foster informed discourse on world issues.
For more information, please www.camdenconference.org or call 207-236-1034.