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Q: Is it possible to split a grid item to allow different spans? I have an article and an aside (sidebar) element - easy, except the title and sub-heading of the article need to span the entire row.  If I take the title/sub-heading out of the article, the article element is no longer semantically complete.
Is there a way, using CSS Grid, to have the format below, where Title, Sub and Content are all a part of an "Article" element, and "Aside" is the second in a 2 column grid?
From my research so far, it seems this is not possible.

A: You can hack your way through using nested CSS grid if you know:

*

*The width of the aside section

*The height of the title and sub heading sections
(in many layouts, these dimensions are fixed)
You can use a pseudo element that create a space for the aside element and then sneak it inside the outer grid container - check out the demo below:

body {
  margin: 0;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

article,
aside {
  border: 1px solid;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: "section aside";
}

section {
  grid-area: section;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: "header header" "subhead subhead" "content empty";
  grid-template-rows: 50px 50px auto;
  grid-template-columns: 80vw auto;
  height: 100vh;
  width: 100vw;
}

section article:first-child {
  grid-area: header;
}

section article:nth-child(2) {
  grid-area: subhead;
}

section article:last-child {
  grid-area: content;
}

section:after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  grid-area: empty;
}

aside {
  grid-area: aside;
  height: calc(100vh - 100px);
  width: 20vw;
  align-self: flex-end;
  position:relative;
  transform: translateX(-100%);
}

Article title

Article sub-heading

Article content

  Aside

A: You can use something like this.

* {box-sizing: border-box;}
.wrapper {
  max-width: 940px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.wrapper > div {
  border: 2px solid rgb(233,171,88);
  border-radius: 5px;
  background-color: rgba(233,171,88,.5);
  padding: 10px;
  color: #d9480f;
}.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 10px;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(100px, auto);
}
.one {
  grid-column: 1 / 4;
  grid-row: 1;
}
.two {
  grid-column: 1 / 4;
  grid-row: 2;
}
.three {
  grid-column: 1 / 3;
  grid-row: 3;
  min-height:200px;
}
.four {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 3;
  min-height:200px;
}

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Also check Fiddle.
And for more details please visit https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout

A: You can achieve that by simply floating all the cells, as long as the article doesn't float - https://jsfiddle.net/yxbckzcq/1/

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A Most Worthy Cause
Angels in the house, record-breaking raffle and dreamy designer fashions make for a heavenly luncheon
Carolina Herrera's dreamy spring fashions were icing on the cake of the annual Friends of Child Advocates' Angels of Hope luncheon that filled the Hilton Americas-Houston ballroom with some of the city's most fashionable and committed community leaders. With Stephanie Cockrell and Carol Finkelstein as chairs, how could it be anything less?
Add the dynamism of Child Advocates directors at large Lucinda Loya, Rosemary Schatzman and Lesha Elsenbrook combined with the gravity of the mission of ending the cycle of child abuse and it comes as no surprise that 600 guests raised $435,000. In an interesting turn in fundraising, the raffle raised a record $46,300. Among the 10 raffle items were a pair of Tony Benattar boots from Pinto Ranch, a three-night stay at Canyon Ranch, ladies luncheon for eight at Tony's and two tickets to Carolina Herrera's fall show at Mercedes Benz Fashion Week in February.
The Neiman Marcus fashion presentation of the Herrera fashions was followed by a glam NM pop-up shop in the ballroom lobby, providing the ladies the opportunity to get their hands on the beautiful designs and place their orders.
The luncheon honored long-time Child Advocates supporters Tessa Lesley and Carl Stutts. He served as a court-appointed advocate for many years, helping 16 children. Joining them in the program was Neiman Marcus GM Bob Devlin, Child Advocates CEO Sonya Galvan and Friends of Child Advocates president Tracy Eklund.
Among the fashionable ladies were Kelli Blanton, Y. Ping Sun, Mindy Hildebrand, Lynda Lighthouse Transier, Christine Transier, Jeanie Kilroy, Katya Dow, Ursaline Hamilton, Tricia Dewhurst and Nadine Boutros.
Clayton Erikson, from left, Lynda Lighthouse Transier and Christine Transier.
Photo by © Priscilla Dickson
heights burger favorite shutters
Jan 30, 2023 | 9:50 am
Hubcap Grill Heights/Facebook
Hubcap Grill's location on 19th Street has closed.
One of the Inner Loop's favorite burger joints has served its last meal. Hubcap Grill has closed its Heights-area location on 19th Street, owner Ricky Craig tells CultureMap.
Hubcap's locations in Pearland, Galveston, and George Bush Intercontinental Airport remain open and are unaffected by the closure of 19th Street. Employees of the Heights location will be transferring to the Pearland location and have been given a raise to compensate them for their longer commute, Craig adds.
Known for its creative burgers — such as the Philly Cheesesteak Burger and the peanut butter-and-banana-topped Sticky Monkey Burger — and fresh cut, twice-fries french fries, Hubcap has been a staple on 19th Street for more than a decade. Building upon the success of Hubcap's original downtown location that closed in 2019, Hubcap Heights featured a casual beer garden atmosphere and a well-stocked jukebox.
"I didn't want to close the doors, but it was one of those things," Craig says. "I couldn't buy the property."
According to Craig, the land at 1133 W. 19th St. is part of a larger parcel that's being sold for a new residential development. Hubcap has been on a month-to-month lease for the last several months while the landlord fielded offered for the property. Craig says he could have stayed open for a few more months, but he elected to close in order to focus on building his new location in Santa Fe (12405 FM 1764) that will open later this year.
Elements of both the Pearland and Galveston locations will be part of Santa Fe, including having a full bar, TVs for sports, and an expanded menu that includes appetizers such as fried pickles and jalapeno hush puppies. In addition, his plans for Santa Fe include weekly specials like steak night and taco Tuesday as well as a stage for live music. Since he's purchased the property, he feels good about investing in it for the long term.
On the other hand, Craig's inability to find an affordable option anywhere inside the loop means that Hubcap fans will have to drive to Pearland to satisfy a craving for a Hubcap Decker burger and Buffalo fries.
"I've looked in the Heights and Montrose. I've looked for months upon months," he says. "You can find places, but once you put the numbers together I don't see how any restaurant can make it due to the high rent . . . I don't see myself paying $8,000 to $14,000 a month in rent."
A glimmer of hope exists for Hubcap's return to central Houston. Craig says he wants to begin franchising Hubcap this year. Perhaps the right franchisee will feel more comfortable with the costs of operating inside the loop than Craig does. Still, it will take a special person who's fully committed to earn Craig's approval.
"We've had people reach out to us," he says. "I want the right person, an owner operator. Not someone who wants it as investment."
closingsburgersthe-heightsnews-you-can-eat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
B1G Volleyball Weekly Update
Maybe there's not as much depth as we thought.
By Kind of... Sep 8, 2021, 5:40am CDT
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Defending B1G POY Stephanie Samedy
Week two featured almost exclusively chalky results, though some teams took a more scenic route getting there. The six ranked B1G schools combined to go 13-2, with Minnesota supplying both losses, each (vs. #1 Texas, @ #5 Florida) the result of an admirable, though unfulfilling so far, willingness to take on all comers. UW, Nebraska, and Minnesota will get writeups below, so let's look elsewhere for top takeaways from the week.
Penn State notched three home wins. None were over ranked opposition, but the Nittany Lions have won 15 straight sets since the season-opening loss to Georgia Tech. PSU was led by the usually suspects: Kaitlyn Hord (.538, .400, .316 hitting and 22 digs total), Jonni Parker (.333, .400, .333 hitting), and Erika Pritchard (30 kills, 17 digs, and great all-around). Pritchard, a grad transfer from Maryland, where she was 1st-team all-B1G last year, seems to be fitting in nicely, and PSU is building momentum.
Only a six-bid league? Having six teams ranked is certainly impressive, but the argument that there is tournament-caliber depth beyond the top half dozen took a hit this weekend. Illinois, who was receiving votes last week, fell to #11 Washington (no shame there) and then dropped a five-setter to Colorado (less good). Michigan, who had been ranked at #23, fell to West Virginia (and out of the rankings) in straight sets. And Northwestern had a rough 0-3 trip out West. Maryland (6-0), Indiana (5-1), and Rutgers (5-1) all boast fine records, but no impact victories. Plenty of time remains, and plenty of opportunities for good wins will be present in conference play, but the gap between the top six and the rest may be even wider than initially expected.
[Note: Current ranking listed first, last week's ranking in parentheses]
#2 (#2) Wisconsin
W-Dayton (25-13, 25-19, 25-23)
Kind of...: Dayton made the tournament last year and took Washington—who made the Final Four—to five sets, so this was not some mid-major pushover. That said, UW was expected to take care of business and did. It wasn't an A+ effort each set, but on the whole the Badgers didn't do anything to call their #2 ranking into question. Wisconsin hit .389 on Friday (including .650 in a error-free first set), led by Devyn Robinson's .563 (10-1-16) performance. UW followed that up hitting at a clip .344 Saturday. Setter Sydney Hilley recorded 70 assists on the weekend and chipped in a team high six blocks on Friday. A two-time First-team All-American, Hilley is off to another fast start this year.
#3 (#4) Nebraska:
W-Omaha (16-25, 25-14, 16-25, 25-13, 15-7)
W-Georgia (19-25, 25-21, 25-22, 25-16)
W-Arizona State (25-20, 25-12, 25-22)
BRT: Getting taken to five sets by Omaha was not optimal, but I also don't think it's reason to panic yet. Setter Nicklin Hames is only just getting back to playing this weekend after an injury in the red-white scrimmage a few weeks ago, and Lauren Stivrins is still out recovering from back surgery. But I think the bigger reason that the Huskers struggled at times in this tournament is that John Cook seems to have taken advantage of the early season play and the surfeit of starters (a Covid side-effect that many coaches will have to deal with - how to balance unexpectedly returning stars with preparation for the future and the careers of underclassmen?) to go experimental with his lineups. The results of new combinations and new players is, as expected, a bit mixed.
I'm not worried because Cook has more than proven himself as a coach, and his teams tend to have an reliably consistent upward trajectory over the season - Nebraska teams are typically playing their best volleyball in the tournament, no matter how shaky they look in their first few outings. I have no reason to believe that this year will be any different.
That said, they did look shaky and downright mediocre at points in the weekend, and that could spell trouble for them when they meet Creighton on Wednesday night. The Bluejays, in contrast to the Huskers, have started the season firing on all cylinders. It's on FS1, and could be a great match! Five sets would not surprise me, nor would a loss—though of course, I hope I'm wrong about that!
T-#4 (#6) Ohio State:
W-Rhode Island (25-13, 25-11, 25-14)
W-Texas State (25-17, 25-19, 23-25, 25-15)
W-Texas Tech (25-14, 25-15, 25-13)
#6 (#8) Purdue:
W-UNLV (25-19, 25-21, 25-23)
W-NR (#25) Washington State (25-19, 25-23, 28-26)
#13 (#10) Minnesota:
L-#1 (#1) Texas (24-26, 21-25, 25-21, 22-25)
L-#10 (#5) Florida (20-25, 19-25, 25-22, 23-25)
WSR: I only saw the Texas match and while we're still a really good team, we're just nowhere near the level of the Longhorns. I kinda hate it.
And now I get to look forward to our annual trip to the west coast to lose a pair of matches? Awesome. Bring on the numbing comfort of the B1G already, please.
#18 (#17) Penn State:
W-Iowa State (25-18, 25-11, 25-23)
W-Oregon State (25-18, 32-30, 25-14)
W-LSU (25-13, 25-21, 25-21)
NR (#23) Michigan:
L-West Virginia (21-25, 19-25, 18-25)
W-Navy (25-19, 26-28, 25-14, 25-15)
Illinois:
L-#9 (#11) Washington (15-25, 21-25, 32-30, 21-25)
L-Colorado (21-25, 18-25, 25-16, 25-22, 16-18)
Northwestern:
L-New Mexico State (19-25, 25-19, 25-17, 26-28, 8-15); L-UTEP (28-30, 16-25, 19-25); L-Arizona (25-20, 25-27, 17-25, 25-15, 15-17)
MNW: There's reaaaally not much lipstick to put on this. New Mexico State is, I believe, somewhat decent, but straight sets to UTEP and a loss to Arizona show that the 'Cats are going to be Bad Loss territory and stay on the outside looking in most of the way.
Of super-fun note is that the 'Cats lost at New Mexico State on Friday at 11am, then bused the 40 miles from Las Cruces to El Paso to lose to the Miners...then went back to El Paso to lose to Arizona in a neutral site game.
Next up is a trip to Laramie for matches with Mizzou, Wyoming, and UC Santa Barbara...where once again, it looks like the 'Cats are the cannon fodder. The Shane Davis experiment—the national-title winning men's coach at Loyola has failed to finish above 10th in the Big Ten in four years at Northwestern—is not going well.
Michigan State:
W-Dixie State (25-19, 25-17, 25-20)
W-Weber State (25-20, 25-22, 25-20)
L-#12 (#13) BYU (14-25, 21-25, 19-25)
Rutgers:
W-Cent. Conn. State (25-13, 25-15, 25-23)
W-Lafayette (25-11, 23-25, 25-17, 25-23)
W-UConn (25-23, 25-12, 25-17)
Iowa:
L-Colorado (15-25, 22-25, 25-23, 15-25)
L-Western Michigan (12-25, 25-20, 24-26, 25-11, 11-15)
W-IPFW (25-16, 25-21, 25-17)
W-SEMO (19-25, 25-23, 14-25, 25-17, 15-9)
BuffKomodo: Well the Hoosiers went on the road to the "Discover Kalamazoo" Classic in Kalamazoo. I had a whole joke prepped about Discover not being accepted everywhere and Visa and Mastercard, but apparently the sponsor was a Kalamazoo tourist site, not a credit card. It was going to be a whole thing.
Anyways...The Hoosiers discovered that playing the home team in the first game isn't ideal, and dropped the first game of the year to Western Michigan. Indiana had opportunities but losing the 3rd and 5th set in tight fashion really was the nail in the coffin. They followed that up by doing what the basketball program can't by beating Fort Wayne in straight sets. The Hoosiers then beat Southeast Missouri State in 5 sets.
Indiana as a university really seems to struggle out of the box right now, and that is different with Indiana volleyball. Bad 1st quarters. Bad 1st sets. Seems to run in the water right now. Hopefully they can get that straightened out next week.
Support the Indiana Daily Student where I got my rundown.
Maryland:
W-LIU Brooklyn (25-18, 25-21, 25-21)
W-Temple (25-6, 21-25, 26-28, 26-21, 17-15)
W-Iona (25-13, 25-10, 25-15)
Key Matches This Week (all times central):
Lots of opportunities against ranked opponents this week. Start your viewing with #3 Nebraska @ #19 Creighton (who is fresh off of sweeping defending national champion Kentucky). Indiana and Illinois each get a chance to notch a road victory against ranked opposition and get noticed. And Minnesota continues their punishing non-conference schedule, joined by PSU, as the B1G/Pac-12 challenge takes place.
But the marquee matchup of the week, and of the entire non-conference schedule nationally, is defending national champion #8 Kentucky vising #2 Wisconsin on Friday night at 8:00 pm. While Kentucky's recent loss to Creighton might dim the luster slightly, the NCAAF schedule is awful Friday night. Tune in and watch!!!
Wed. 9/8: #3 Nebraska @ #19 Creighton (FS1, 6:30 pm)
Fri. 9/10: #6 Purdue vs. #10 Louisville (FloSports, 2:00 pm)
Fri. 9/10: Indiana @ #21 Georgia Tech (no TV, 6:00 pm)
Fri. 9/10: #13 Minnesota vs. #14 Stanford (Eugene, OR) (Pac-12 Network, 6:00 pm)
Fri. 9/10: #3 Kentucky @ #2 Wisconsin (BTN, 8:00 pm)
Fri: 9/10: #18 Penn State @ #11 Oregon (Pac-12 Network, 9:00 pm)
Sat: 9/11: Illinois @ #19 Creighton (no TV, 10:30 am)
Sat: 9/11: #18 Penn State vs. #14 Stanford (Eugene, OR) (no TV, 6:00 pm)
Sat 9/11: #20 Utah @ #3 Nebraska (BTN+, 7:30 pm)
Sat: 9/11: #13 Minnesota @ #11 Oregon (no TV, 9:00 pm)
Sun: 9/12: #2 Wisconsin @ Marquette (FSN, 4:30)


(Aug 26, 2010) The Hanoi Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism has announced that a food and drink festival will take place in the West Lake Park from October 6-11 to mark the capital city's 1000th anniversary and the National Tourism Year 2010.
(Aug 26, 2010) Twelve international art troupes and five Vietnamese puppetry troupes will attend the Second International Puppetry festival in Hanoi from September 4-9.
(Aug 25, 2010) The Thang Long-Hanoi International Tourism Festival will take place at Bao Son Paradise Theme Park in Hanoi from October 2-5 to mark the 1000 th anniversary of Thang Long-Hanoi.
(Aug 25, 2010) Hanoi will organise firework displays in four locations on September 2 to celebrate the 65 th anniversary of National Day.
(Aug 24, 2010) More than 100 black and white photos by photo-journalists from the Vietnam News Agency (VNA) chronicling Hanoi from the past until the present day are on display in Hanoi .
(Aug 24, 2010) The 15th Arts Photo Festival was held in the central city of Da Nang on August 22. The festival included an exhibition of the top 150 photos in a competition that drew 1,170 entries.
(Aug 23, 2010) A Hoi An-Japan cultural exchange opened in Hoi An ancient town in the central province of Quang Nam on August 21. In the opening night, Vietnamese and Japanese artists jointly performed special dances from both countries such as lion and royal dances.


Have you ever wondered what it would be like to share a dream with someone or jump into someone else's dream? I think about this when I'm lying awake at night wondering if I'm the only crazy person who has dreams that play out like a Nightmare on Elm Street movie. I'd love the option to hop into a Pride and Prejudice-type dream, wearing one of those elegant dresses and dancing with an awkwardly handsome stud like Mr. Darcy.
So why can't all dreams be happy fantasies? Why do people have nightmares?
According to research, nightmares serve a positive purpose. They are the brain's way of highlighting psychological issues people need to face.
Some scientists theorize that if nightmares didn't aid in our survival, they would have been eliminated by evolution.
While "bad dreams" are scientifically proven to help us, they can also lead to sleep deprivation and other negative side effects if they occur too often.
Late-night snacks. Eating late at night increases your metabolism and causes more activity in the brain.
Taking antidepressants or narcotics right before bed. These types of drugs cause chemical reactions in the brain often associated with nightmares. It's also important to note that certain non-psychological medications, such as blood pressure medications, also contribute to the frequency of nightmares.
Anxiety and/or depression. Studies show that there is a strong connection between nightmare frequency and mental and physical health. Essentially, nightmares serve as a barometer of a person's psychological wellbeing—so if you are often anxious in your waking life, you are more likely to carry that pattern while you sleep.
For more information on why we have nightmares and nightmare meanings, check out this video from dream interpreter Lauri Loewenberg.
Do you find yourself dwelling on what's wrong in your life and worrying to the extreme? It's natural to worry, but when it becomes all consuming, that's when you need to take a step back and put things in perspective. Chances are what you are worrying about will either a) never happen or b) you won't care about it a year from now.
The minute you lay your head on the pillow, start focusing on the positive moments that happened throughout the day. Even if it was one of those black-cloud, bad-luck kind of days, do your best to find something good. We all can find something to be grateful for, even if it's as small as a smile from a stranger or a yummy latte in the morning.
Don't assume the worst when you have a bad dream.
You are not psychic and your nightmares do not predict the future. Worrying that your nightmares indicate some sort of impending doom will only escalate your negative thinking.
Lucid dreaming is being aware you are in a dream, and as soon as you realize what you are experiencing isn't real, it becomes less scary and you can face what you are afraid of.
Whether you are being chased by a killer clown (in my case), swimming away from a shark, or standing in front of a room in your underwear, you can use lucid dreaming to control the outcome of your nightmare and, over time, the nightmares will stop. When you finally face the clown, shark or whatever your fear is, you will have psychologically conquered that fear.
And when all else fails, sleep with a night light.


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Home/Museum/Exhibitions/Horace Pippin: The Way I See It
Horace Pippin: The Way I See It
April 19, 2015 to July 19, 2015
Horace Pippin (1888-1946), Interior (also known as Interior of Cabin), 1944, oil on fabric. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Meyer P. Potamkin in honor of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the National Gallery of Art, 1991
Horace Pippin (1888-1946), Self-Portrait (II), 1944, oil on canvas adhered to cardboard, 8 x 6 1/2 inches. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Bequest of Jane Kendall Gingrich, 1982
Horace Pippin (1888-1946), Harmonizing, 1944, oil on fabric, 24 x 30 in. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Ohio. Gift of Joseph and Enid Bissett, 1964
One of the leading figures of 20th-century art, Horace Pippin (1888-1946) is known for his insightful, expressive and bold paintings.
The exhibition examined the work of Pippin, a self-taught artist who remained independent—creating and upholding a unique aesthetic sensibility. Pippin vividly depicted a range of subject matter, from intimate family moments and floral still lifes to powerful scenes of war, history and religion.
Horace Pippin: The Way I See It included 65 paintings—close to half of the artist's oeuvre—assembled from museums and private collections across the United States. The Brandywine River Museum of Art was the only venue for this exhibition, the first major exhibition of the artist's work in more than 20 years.
Taking its title from Pippin's response to his own question about what made him a great painter: "I paint it exactly the way it is and exactly the way I see it," the exhibition looked closely at Pippin as a self-taught artist who remained independent—creating and upholding a unique aesthetic sensibility, vividly depicting a range of subject matter, from intimate family moments and bold floral still lifes, to powerful scenes of war, history and religion.
Pippin was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, less than 10 miles from the Brandywine, but grew up in Goshen, New York. He eventually returned to West Chester in 1920 after serving in World War I as part of the renowned African-American regiment known as the "Harlem Hellfighters."
The war, Pippin would later declare, "brought out all the art in me." Despite a war injury that severely limited the use of his right arm, Pippin created an illustrated journal of his war experience on his return home, and by 1930 had begun teaching himself to paint in oil using his left arm as a support for his right hand.
Pippin painted in relative obscurity during most of the 1930s. Though his work was well known to his neighbors and sometimes displayed in local businesses, it was not until 1937 that his paintings gained wider public recognition when he exhibited two works at the Chester County Art Association's annual exhibition. Awarded a special mention by N.C. Wyeth, who was judging the show and helped ensure that Pippin's paintings were shown prominently, Pippin immediately garnered local press attention. Wyeth also persuaded the art critic and collector Christian Brinton to arrange for Pippin to have a solo exhibition at the West Chester Community Center, where the artist showed ten oils and seven burnt-wood panels.
Pippin's rise to prominence was meteoric after 1937. The Museum of Modern Art featured four of his works the following year, and he was quickly embraced nationally by other museums, galleries, critics and collectors who valued the self-taught artist's style—characterized in his time as "primitive," or "naïve"—for its perceived pureness of expression. Patrons ranged from Albert C. Barnes and Edith Halpert to Hollywood figures such as Edward G. Robinson.
Despite this general labeling of his work at the time as "naïve," and Pippin himself as unsophisticated, the truth is quite different. Pippin was an astute observer of the world, and his paintings reflect his deeply personal connections to the issues that concerned him—such as peace and social justice—as well as his own experiences. The exhibition presented a comprehensive, nuanced examination of this seminal artist, revealing the richly varied sources of inspiration and traditions that informed the evolution of Pippin's style, while introducing Pippin's fierce vision to a new generation of museum visitors.
Horace Pippin: The Way I See It was accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue featuring insightful essays by exhibition curator Audrey Lewis, and guest authors Judith Dolkart, Jacqueline Francis, Kerry James Marshall, Anne Monahan, and Edward Puchner. It is available in the museum shop and online.
This exhibition is made possible by the Exelon Foundation and PECO. Additional support provided by The Davenport Family Foundation, Wyeth Foundation for American Art, and Dr. Benjamin Hammond.
Curator: Audrey Lewis
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Category: Paupers
Historic Child Abuse: The Long View
On August 21, 2019 August 26, 2019 By intheirownwriteblogIn Child Abuse, New Poor Law, Paupers, Power and authorityLeave a comment
Beechwood Children's Home, Nottingham
This month, we have two special blogs tackling the often difficult subject of the abuse of paupers in the workhouse. Today, Dr Carol Beardmore discusses the physical and mental abuse of pauper children in the context of recent inquiries into historical abuse…
On the 31st of July this year, the Independent Inquiry for Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) published its report into historical abuse in residential and foster care homes across Nottinghamshire. All in all, 350 people gave evidence to the inquiry: the largest group in a single investigation that the IICSA has considered to date. It concluded that the abuse of children was widespread across the county during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. It also concluded that victims were consistently failed by successive Nottinghamshire councils and by its Police force. Professor Alexis Jay who chairs the inquiry stated: 'For decades, children who were in the care of the Nottinghamshire councils suffered appalling sexual and physical abuse, inflicted by those who should have nurtured and protected them'. She argued that, despite decades of evidence and any number of reviews which highlighted the problems of abuse, the council failed to learn the lessons from, or act on, those problems. From the late 1970s to the present some 16 residential staff and 10 foster carers have been convicted of the sexual abuse of the children in their care in Nottinghamshire. The hearings held by IICSA examined three key areas of interest: Beechwood Children's home in Mapperley; foster care across the county; and harmful sexual behaviour between children in care. Beechwood came under particular scrutiny. It had at various times been an approved school, an observation centre, a remand home and a community home. Its reputation as a place where criminal and troubled children lived continued long after this function had ceased. The standard of care was described as 'appalling', with children being dragged across the room by their hair, stripped naked to stop them leaving, and forced to fight each other. One former resident stated: 'It was a big place…a horrible place…there was nothing in there that was soft or homely'. This investigation took place, of course, against the backdrop of similar inquiries into historic abuse in Rochdale and Lambeth.
It has been argued that, in fact, Nottinghamshire is little different to any other county in Britain, and that the c.1000 allegations which have been made by more than 400 individuals simply demonstrates the extent of the problem overall. One thing is for certain: for those of us working on ITOW, stories of the abuse of children across the age range are all too familiar. Child sexual abuse is often a difficult crime to pin down in the nineteenth century because of the deep historical context. For example, the age of consent was only raised to 16 (from 13) in 1885. So, while we undoubtedly see cases of young girls becoming pregnant or being potentially abused prior to this, they were frequently of age in legal terms, and thus no crime was deemed to have been committed and little was written about them.
Unfortunately, cases of physical and mental abuse abound in MH12, however, and the voices of the children themselves are often heard (as in the Nottinghamshire inquiry) through witness statements or depositions. For a child in the workhouse, just as at institutions like Beechwood, coming forward took great courage – especially knowing that the perpetrator was likely to remain in post when the investigator's left, to continue the cycle of abuse.
There were those who advocated on these abused children's behalf, though. Often, complaints were made by adults, including other workhouse inmates. For example an inmate of the Newcastle-under-Lyme workhouse wrote to the Poor Law Commissioners in 1870 stating that 'one of the boys here ran off last week to tell one of the guardians about the master treating him cruelly and got his hands cut to pieces with a cane when he got back'. At Newport, in May 1871, the central poor law authorities received a complaint to the effect that the workhouse school master had cruelly treated eight-year-old William Mahoney. At the inquiry which followed, Mahoney stated that:
Mr Bennett hit me in the face, knocked me down, and kicked me in the ribs, and then took me to the Greenhouse, and again beat me there. My nose bled much – He made me wash my nose in the water that came from the dung heap.
At the subsequent inquiry, other children lined up to give testimony on his behalf. John Palmer, who was 15, said 'I saw Mr Bennett take hold of Mahoney & strike him with his fist … I was 10 yards off'. Mahoney's thirteen year old sister on hearing of the attack on her brother absconded from the workhouse: this in itself was a considerable act of rebellion. Her treatment on her return, however, was indicative of the abusive nature in the workhouse as she was taken to the 'bottom bed room' and locked up by the Governess. Miss Hughes the Industrial Trainer then took her clothes and the child was kept in a state of nakedness for five days.
Hackney Workhouse Union School
So far, the evidence from MH12 suggests that staff were rarely punished for their abusive treatment of children in the workhouse, with many simply being allowed to resign; but punishments did occur. Ella Gillespie, a nurse to the Hackney Union School, was accused of cruel and inhuman treatment towards the children in her care and prosecuted in 1894. Her catalogue of abuse verged on physical and mental torture and incorporated beatings, burning the children's skin, withdrawal of food and water and the systematic disruption of the children's sleep by forcing them to undertake nightly exercises. The evidence suggests that, much like Beechwood, this regime of abuse had been allowed to continue for many years. At the inquiry and trial that ensued, further incidents of her behaviour emerged which included banging heads against the walls, making children kneel on hot water pipes and whipping them while naked with stinging nettles.
Many of those who have followed the recent spate of harrowing IICSA inquiries have wondered just how the perpetrators were allowed to get away with it for so long. Though far from optimistic, the evidence from MH12 suggests that, in fact, such appalling treatment has been a systemic problem for Britain's institutions for much much longer even than these investigations suggest. Highlighting the deep roots of historic child abuse, and calling out the failures of the constituted authorities to deal with it in the longue durée, may help us to create a climate of true reparation, and to look to a future where such things are simply not allowed to happen again.
Cold Hearts and Red Tape: Public Opinion and the New Poor Law
On April 15, 2019 May 1, 2019 By intheirownwriteblogIn New Poor Law, Paupers, Power and authority, Public Opinion, Welfare, WorkhousesLeave a comment
What did contemporaries really think about the New Poor Law? It may seem a strange question given what we know about early protests against its adoption, about the resentment that was directed towards workhouses (those 'Pauper Bastilles'), and about the many accounts of scandals and maladministration that litter the mid-Victorian press. But excavating the real feelings of contemporaries towards the poor law system overall is a surprisingly tricky business. On the one hand, it is hardly controversial to suggest that tales of workhouse cruelty, sexual predation and the incompetence of officials fed a growing appetite for sensationalism in the mid-Victorian press, and provided a rich vein of 'scandals' that newspapers and periodicals were only too happy to mine. On the other, shifting sentiment towards, but also among, the poor meant that pauperism, however blameless, carried a heavy burden of shame in Victorian England, so that paupers themselves rarely voiced their feelings in open forums.
It is also becoming clear in our work on letters written by, and on behalf of, paupers to the central authorities in London that even these were highly strategic documents. Just as under the Old Poor Law (and, often, in common with those sensational accounts in the papers) paupers rarely, if ever, passed judgement on the poor law or the workhouse system per se, instead concentrating their energies on specific instances of malpractice, maladministration and the contravention of rules and regulations. This means that their attitudes to the overarching framework of poor law policy – and those of the public at large – tend to get lost in the thicket of comment and condemnation relating to its day-to-day practice and administration.
Occasionally, however, we do find examples in MH12 of individuals who were prepared to cut through the detail and shine a light on the principles that underpinned the New Poor Law, and Isaac Ironside's letters from Sheffield are a fine example of this. Ironside could hardly be described as an ordinary member of the public; in fact, he was in possession of a very large and sharp-bladed axe which he ground to considerable effect in mid-Victorian Yorkshire. He was a Chartist and Owenite socialist and, by the 1850s, he had risen to a position of considerable influence on Sheffield City Council. He was instrumental in establishing Sheffield's Mechanics' Institute and its Hall of Science, the first of its kind in England. Nonetheless, when Ironside wrote to the Poor Law Board on behalf of William Hodgson of Barnsley, he did so as a private citizen and an advocate for a poor man who found himself in a difficult, though far from uncommon, situation.
Hodgson was a widower who had been left with six children and suffered considerable ill health. His youngest child, an infant, was being cared for by Hodgson's sister who received two shillings a week in financial support from her parish. Between March and May 1850, however, Ironside was moved to write three letters on their behalf because the Board of Guardians had stopped the child's relief, and his aunt – Emma Mitchell – was unable to continue his care without it. She and Hodgson found themselves in an impossible situation, wanting to do their best for the child but lacking the means to do so. Ironside's first letter was a polite enquiry, asking whether the Board could use its influence to get the child's relief reinstated. His second was a response to the replies of both the Board and the local guardians, in which he assured them again that neither Hodgson nor his sister were able to provide for the child without assistance, and explained that Mitchell was now looking after two of her brother's children, because their father had taken a turn for the worse.
But it is Ironside's third letter that really catches the eye. By this time his patience with the local and national administrators had run out. He had witnessed first-hand the obfuscation and pettifoggery of the local Board of Guardians and the high-handed unwillingness of the Poor Law Commissioners to hold them to account, and he had also seen the devastating impact their actions had had on Hodgson and his family. Not a man to mince his words, Ironside's final letter is a masterpiece of passionate polemic and it gives us a brief insight into how the 'system' of the New Poor Law was viewed – by some sections of mid-Victorian society, at least. It also has a surprising resonance for the welfare politics of our own era, and in its clarity of thought and expression it deserves to be quoted in full.
My Lords & Gentlemen,
I duly received yours of the 23rd ult in reply to mine of the 18th ult. Poor Mrs Mitchell comes to me and I am forced to see that "hope deferred maketh the heart sick"! She wept bitterly this morning, and said she feared her brother would not live many days and then, said she, "he will be out of their way; they will have finished him". She heard a few days ago that he was very ill; unattended except by his poor neighbours who were in his house expecting his death. She has 2 of his children as I have before informed you and she still provides [for] herself and them and struggles, but it is very hard.
You may not be aware that I hate the centralizing tendency of the legislation with a most perfect hatred. I do not believe in Malthus nor do I wish to see the poor people starved to death by law. This case is not likely to lessen my hatred. If I could see any thing like moral responsibility on behalf of the central authorities, I should be inclined to view centralization with more favour. But there is nothing of the kind. Stump orators make perfect laws, and legal responsibility is all that is ever thought of. For instance you have acted legally, I suppose, in this case, Lorimer [a local poor law official] would no doubt say the same, ditto the Board of Guardians at Barnsley etc. My first letter to Lorimer [was] on the 18th Jany. My first to you was on the 1st of March, the poor wretch starving all the time – more than 16 weeks. You breakfast every morning and transact your business with the perfect consciousness that you will also dine in due course. Not so the poor who have not sufficient interest to get an appeal to you. Those who have discover what a task they undertake. Carlyle is not far wrong in his description of what has to be done in Downing St.
Good Heavens how I shudder at the cold hearted official red tapism which governs this country.
Paupers, Politics and the Power of the Pen
On March 11, 2019 March 12, 2019 By intheirownwriteblogIn New Poor Law, Paupers, Political Lobbying, Poverty, Power and authority, Workhouses1 Comment
In this strange period of plebiscites and referenda, the air is thick with the cries of professional lobbyists and consultancy firms keen to leverage influence with politicians and take advantage of unprecedented uncertainty. According to Public Affairs News (an industry website) Indyref was a 'lobbyist's dream'; and The Conversation (an academic discussion forum) points out that Brexit has shifted the centre of gravity for British lobbyists away from Brussels and back towards London. All this, it is claimed, has created a bonanza for the 'big beasts' of political influence who prowl Holyrood and Westminster Green on behalf of their powerful clients in business and industry. Yet it is a curious irony that the 'people's vote' should have led to a situation where the people themselves feel increasingly marginalised from the negotiations going on in their name. So what about those ordinary citizens who aren't part of the billion-pound lobbying industry? How do they make their voices heard above the cacophony of political noise?
This is something that has been preoccupying us at ITOW recently. The deeper we dig into the correspondence that circulated between paupers and the Poor Law Commissioners at Whitehall during the nineteenth century, the clearer it becomes that the complaints and appeals for redress sometimes built, over time and through many letters, into something like a deliberate campaign for change in the way that the commissioners' rules and regulations were being applied locally. Thomas Gould, who appeared in last October's blog (see 'Holding Power to Account, Pauper-Style'), was one such campaigner, writing ten letters and almost 11,000 words of complaint between August 1853 and October 1859. John Rutherford was another, writing four letters and 5,000 words in a flurry of activity at the end of 1885. Like other examples of 'pauper lobbyists' who wrote from the workhouse, these writers complained that they suffered greatly for their campaigning activities, being subject to reprisals and persecution at the hands of the workhouse officers; and both also complained of the unwillingness (or perhaps the inability) of the Poor Law Commissioners to force local officers to mend their ways.
There was another outlet for paupers to voice their concerns and frustrations when they felt their complaints had fallen on deaf ears in Whitehall, however. That outlet was the 'court of public opinion', and there were those who made very good use of it. John Rutherford, for example, published an important first-person account of his experiences in the Poplar workhouse while he was still a pauper. It was titled Indoor Paupers, by 'One of Them', and was recently republished by Peter Higginbotham, of workhouses.org.uk fame. Rutherford's was a vivid account of quotidian life inside the workhouse, but it was also a powerful indictment of the workhouse regime, where paupers were 'not esteemed as human beings…but as creatures of a far inferior order'. His solution to the abuses he observed was that Boards of Guardians (who oversaw relief of the poor locally) should be drawn from a much wider section of society, and in particular that they should contain 'a fair proportion of working men'. He reasoned that 'men who have relatives and former comrades in the house would undoubtedly keep a sharp eye on abuses likely to pain their friends', and went on to state that 'Guardians of this stamp would extinguish at once the insolence of Jacks in office, and the corruption and depredation' of other officials.
Of course, Rutherford was not the first to publicise the deficiencies, and even the cruelties, of the Victorian workhouse. By the 1880s, he was adding to a long tradition of pamphleteers, journalists and fiction writers who sought to influence the 'court of public opinion', the most famous of whom was, of course, Charles Dickens. But as a pauper himself, he was uniquely placed to make his observations, and through his letters and his short published book, it is possible to see the mechanics of popular influence at work in the context of the New Poor Law.
Rutherford began his correspondence to the commissioners by minutely detailing the abuses he had encountered as an inmate. In his second letter, he again urged the Local Government Board to investigate, still believing them to be ignorant of the true state of Poplar workhouse. In his third letter, his impatience was starting to show, and he wrote that 'the longer such charges remain univestigated the more favourable…the situation for the accused'. By the time of his fourth and final letter, Rutherford had become totally disillusioned with the Poor Law Commissioners as a channel for redress, and had decided that if his allegations were 'unworthy of the notice of your Honourable Board until forced upon it by Public Opinion, I shall not trouble you again' (MH 12/7698). Instead, he appealed directly to the public through his book – and, even though it is highly unlikely that either his published or unpublished work had any direct influence on local poor law policy, it is intriguing to note that his suggestion of widening the franchise for elected guardians was something that came to pass only a decade or so after his exposé was published.
Indeed, it is becoming increasingly clear in our work that Rutherford and Thomas Gould were at one end of a scale of paupers and others who, collectively, did have an influence on the trajectory of workhouse policy in the later years of the New Poor Law. They did so through the many thousands of letters they sent to the commissioners, and through appeals to the wider 'court of public opinion' in the press. In these turbulent times when political influence has been so successfully professionalised, and the levers of power seem ever more remote from ordinary citizens, it's worth bearing in mind that if workhouse paupers could make those levers move, however slowly, in the right direction, then surely there is hope for the rest of us.


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Tag Archives: The Shakespeare Manuscript
Review: The Shakespeare Manuscript
5 November 2011 by Melissa
The Shakespeare Manuscript
Stewart Buettner
Product Description (from Amazon.com):
Not one of Shakespeare's plays exists in manuscript form until a failing bookseller discovers a long-lost, early version of HAMLET. In an attempt to trace the puzzling manuscript's origins, its new owner finds he can't trust the identity of play's author and soon has doubts about his own. But by then, the race to stage the new HAMLET is on, taking a toll on everyone involved. In the end, the new play leaves audience and actors alike wondering about the unexpected and moving consequences of the play they've just experienced.
This was my last book for the 2011 RIP Challenge, but I've been so busy that I'm a week (or more) behind in getting the review loaded. I FINISHED reading it on October 27th, however, so it still counts.
This was part soft mystery part contemporary fiction. We have a dynamic playboy director, an agoraphobic actress, the actresses gay rare bookseller father who seems to be suffering from dementia, a politician and his family, and a remote country house. All of the ingredients, I thought, for "Deathtrap" with "Hamlet."
It was no "Deathtrap."
But it was a lovely story about relationships, finding your place in the world (again), and being true to yourself. It was also an exploration of Shakespeare's Hamlet, who really wrote it, and whether or not the script found in the novel is really an early version of the script, a prequel, or a hoax.
The characters felt like they could have been real, for the most part, and I liked that the author didn't give us a real answer to who wrote the script…there are several possible solutions to that mystery.
Goes well with a mug of strong coffee and a slice of peach pie.
Performance Arts Press, April 2011
Buy this book from Amazon.com >>
Authors A-E Fiction Meme	Readers Imbibing PerilRIP VIStewart BuettnerThe Shakespeare Manuscript


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- Patch to resource bundle when distributed using Cocoapods.

## 0.1.2

- First release as a Cocoapod.

## 0.1.1

- RC for first release as Cocoapod.

## 0.1.0

Initial release.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Is there any way to get android 4.4 on sky Vega a840s ? Orignally comes with Jelly bean 4.1.2.
HI @Shining Stars, just go to XDA Developers and enter your device name - you'll quickly see what custom ROMs are available for your particular device and if there's any based on the KitKat code base. Just be sure to read up on the comments to see how stable/buggy the ROM is and backup and the rebackup before you flash anything.
Hey @Harshith, I wouldn't do that. Each ROM is specific for a device, so you need to get the right ROM for your specific model phone. Check out XDA Developers to see what custom ROMs are available for the Galaxy S Advance.
Can we install this ROM on galaxy s advance?
What happens if we install this ROM on galaxy s advance?
Love my S2 so much. With a cheap silicon case, I've dropped it on concrete so many times..dropped it from about 7 feet onto straight concrete a few days ago. It's in perfect condition.
A cool tip with these is that for only about $15 you can order extended 3000mAh batteries on eBay. Come with a new case and cover and everything. Make the phone bulkier, but I kind of like that. Huge improvement in battery life.
I honestly see no advantage whatsoever in upgrading to a new model handset. This meets my needs so perfectly..except the GPS is horrible, but I bought it second hand, it's never worked very well. Other than that, phone is brilliant.
Can't wait to get KitKat on it.