text:
<?php

/**
 * This code was generated by
 * \ / _    _  _|   _  _
 * | (_)\/(_)(_|\/| |(/_  v1.0.0
 * /       /
 */

namespace Twilio\Rest\Sync\V1\Service\Document;

use Twilio\ListResource;
use Twilio\Values;
use Twilio\Version;

/**
 * PLEASE NOTE that this class contains beta products that are subject to change. Use them with caution.
 */
class DocumentPermissionList extends ListResource {
    /**
     * Construct the DocumentPermissionList
     *
     * @param Version $version Version that contains the resource
     * @param string $serviceSid Sync Service Instance SID.
     * @param string $documentSid Sync Document SID.
     * @return \Twilio\Rest\Sync\V1\Service\Document\DocumentPermissionList
     */
    public function __construct(Version $version, $serviceSid, $documentSid) {
        parent::__construct($version);

        // Path Solution
        $this->solution = array(
            'serviceSid' => $serviceSid,
            'documentSid' => $documentSid,
        );

        $this->uri = '/Services/' . rawurlencode($serviceSid) . '/Documents/' . rawurlencode($documentSid) . '/Permissions';
    }

    /**
     * Streams DocumentPermissionInstance records from the API as a generator
     * stream.
     * This operation lazily loads records as efficiently as possible until the
     * limit
     * is reached.
     * The results are returned as a generator, so this operation is memory
     * efficient.
     *
     * @param int $limit Upper limit for the number of records to return. stream()
     *                   guarantees to never return more than limit.  Default is no
     *                   limit
     * @param mixed $pageSize Number of records to fetch per request, when not set
     *                        will use the default value of 50 records.  If no
     *                        page_size is defined but a limit is defined, stream()
     *                        will attempt to read the limit with the most
     *                        efficient page size, i.e. min(limit, 1000)
     * @return \Twilio\Stream stream of results
     */
    public function stream($limit = null, $pageSize = null) {
        $limits = $this->version->readLimits($limit, $pageSize);

        $page = $this->page($limits['pageSize']);

        return $this->version->stream($page, $limits['limit'], $limits['pageLimit']);
    }

    /**
     * Reads DocumentPermissionInstance records from the API as a list.
     * Unlike stream(), this operation is eager and will load `limit` records into
     * memory before returning.
     *
     * @param int $limit Upper limit for the number of records to return. read()
     *                   guarantees to never return more than limit.  Default is no
     *                   limit
     * @param mixed $pageSize Number of records to fetch per request, when not set
     *                        will use the default value of 50 records.  If no
     *                        page_size is defined but a limit is defined, read()
     *                        will attempt to read the limit with the most
     *                        efficient page size, i.e. min(limit, 1000)
     * @return DocumentPermissionInstance[] Array of results
     */
    public function read($limit = null, $pageSize = null) {
        return iterator_to_array($this->stream($limit, $pageSize), false);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve a single page of DocumentPermissionInstance records from the API.
     * Request is executed immediately
     *
     * @param mixed $pageSize Number of records to return, defaults to 50
     * @param string $pageToken PageToken provided by the API
     * @param mixed $pageNumber Page Number, this value is simply for client state
     * @return \Twilio\Page Page of DocumentPermissionInstance
     */
    public function page($pageSize = Values::NONE, $pageToken = Values::NONE, $pageNumber = Values::NONE) {
        $params = Values::of(array(
            'PageToken' => $pageToken,
            'Page' => $pageNumber,
            'PageSize' => $pageSize,
        ));

        $response = $this->version->page(
            'GET',
            $this->uri,
            $params
        );

        return new DocumentPermissionPage($this->version, $response, $this->solution);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve a specific page of DocumentPermissionInstance records from the API.
     * Request is executed immediately
     *
     * @param string $targetUrl API-generated URL for the requested results page
     * @return \Twilio\Page Page of DocumentPermissionInstance
     */
    public function getPage($targetUrl) {
        $response = $this->version->getDomain()->getClient()->request(
            'GET',
            $targetUrl
        );

        return new DocumentPermissionPage($this->version, $response, $this->solution);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a DocumentPermissionContext
     *
     * @param string $identity Identity of the user to whom the Sync Document
     *                         Permission applies.
     * @return \Twilio\Rest\Sync\V1\Service\Document\DocumentPermissionContext
     */
    public function getContext($identity) {
        return new DocumentPermissionContext(
            $this->version,
            $this->solution['serviceSid'],
            $this->solution['documentSid'],
            $identity
        );
    }

    /**
     * Provide a friendly representation
     *
     * @return string Machine friendly representation
     */
    public function __toString() {
        return '[Twilio.Sync.V1.DocumentPermissionList]';
    }
}


text:
Save Anna Slatz
Save Anna Slatz!
Our new reporter, Anna Slatz has been arrested by police for being out past the curfew -- even though journalists are allowed. Any additional funds raised beyond the costs of our legal fees will be paid to Anna.
$12,091.40 Raised
Amount 1
Your Info 2
1. Amount
Choose Frequency:
One-time Monthly
$25 $50 $100 $250 $500 $1,000 Other
2. Your Information
1. To respect and maintain privacy we will not disclose personal information about our donors. 2. Surplus funds raised for specific initiatives will be used for other costs associated with that particular project, such as website development, website hosting, mail, and other such expenses. Additional funds will be used towards other similar initiatives in the future. 3. We are unable to offer receipts for donations sent by mail.
$Please select an amount.
Apple Pay / Google Pay / Multi-currency
E-transfer (Canada): [email protected] - password RebelNews if required
Special Thank You From Anna Slatz
On June 8, 2020, I was arrested while covering the riots and looting in New York City that followed the police-involved shooting of George Floyd.
While taking footage of a burglary taking place at a Zara clothing outlet on Broadway, I was accosted by NYPD, who demanded I comply with curfew and vacate the area. Press was exempted from the city's curfew, and I did have my Rebel News identification on me. I was violently manhandled by two officers, before finally being arrested on a sidewalk while I was attempting to back away from the crowd which had surrounded me.
Though looters with backpacks full of clothes and other stolen items were within reach, NYPD chose to arrest me along with a handful of other bystanders who were simply witnessing the chaos. And while actual criminals were released within hours of their arrests, I was held for almost 48 hours before being allowed to speak to a judge.
In response to my arrest, Rebel News launched a fundraiser to cover the legal expenses associated with trying to locate and release me. Over $11,000 was raised, of which I am infinitely grateful.
This was not bail money – New York does not have cash bail, a fact which had made the city incredibly unsafe as violent criminals are able to walk the streets quickly after their arrest. These funds were used to retain four lawyers who worked tirelessly to locate and advocate for me, NYPD having changed my booking station mid-way during my sentence and making it almost impossible for me to be contacted. My great legal team included Michael Weinstock, a former 9/11 firefighter and congressional candidate.
I walked free two days after my arrest; a judge immediately releasing me after realizing I was a foreign journalist. On July 17, the District Attorney announced they were declining to pursue me further and dismissing my case.
After the lawyers were paid, I was given the remaining $1,312 left over from the fundraiser after my legal fees were paid. I am infinitely grateful to my Rebel News family for looking out for me during a dire time.
The story of my arrest was covered by the U.S Press Freedom Tracker, Committee to Protect Journalists, and Women in Journalism. It also contributed to a report in Human Rights Watch on the arrest of journalists in the United States.
No matter what outlet a journalist works for, they should be free to cover the news without fear of arrest or assault by rioters or police. At Rebel News, our viewers make it possible for us to continue to be fearless journalists free of influence.
Your support truly makes the difference!
June 4, 2020 - 3:40 p.m. E.T.
Live Update from Ezra Levant: I just spoke with Anna Slatz...
LIVESTREAM: Ezra Levant with an update on Anna Slatz's release
An update from Anna Slatz
BOY, DO I HAVE A STORY FOR YOU!
Please give me a few to catch my bearings, get to a hotel, and speak to my family.
(Yes, my glasses are broken. That's part of the story, babes) pic.twitter.com/WQw4yS5UMj
— Anna Slatz | အန်နာ (@YesThatAnna) June 4, 2020
Update: Anna Slatz released from custody
BREAKING: We are advised that @YesThatAnna was released from custody at 12:39 p.m. We are thrilled but this comes as a surprise to us as our lawyers had advised that her arraignment had not yet happened. We are looking into this urgently, including trying to locate Anna herself.
— Ezra Levant 🍁 (@ezralevant) June 4, 2020
June 4, 2020 - 10:00 a.m. E.T.
It's been 36 hours since our reporter https://t.co/XjTcDx7m9e was arrested in New York. She has now spent two nights in jail without a hearing.
Not a peep from @cafreeland or @FP_Champagne or @JustinTrudeau, let alone Canada's so-called free press groups.
As expected. https://t.co/pKdKLT4p8A
June 3, 2020 - 11:30 p.m. E.T.
Update from fellow Rebel, Yanky Pollack
It's been over 24 hours since @YesThatAnna has been arrested and she still haven't been in front of a judge.
— Yanky Pollak (@Yanky_Pollak) June 4, 2020
Will reporter Anna Slatz have to spend a second night in jail in NYC?
Ezra Levant reports on new details about Anna's detainment situation as the 24-hour mark approaches.
SPECIAL EPISODE of The Ezra Levant Show
Rebel News reporter jailed in NYC, Ezra Levant recounts our continued efforts to fight to free Anna Slatz.
Please watch this special edition of tonight's Ezra Levant Show, that we have put outside the paywall, for free on YouTube, to show you the story:
Committee to Protect Journalists issues statement in support of Rebel News
BREAKING NEWS: The Committee to Protect Journalists (@pressfreedom) has issued a statement in support of Rebel News reporter Anna Slatz, detained by police in New York: https://t.co/Rs3wcuYd7C
LEGAL UPDATE: Aaron Rosenberg on the free speech battle after "shameful" arrest by NYPD
Anna still has not been released. In this video, our Toronto-based lawyer Aaron Rosenberg calls in to update us on the work he's done to put together a legal team including Michael Weinstock on the ground in New York and how they're tackling getting Anna out of jail. Click here to view the full story.
June 3, 2020 - 4:30 p.m. ET
We're sending a fellow Rebel to meet Anna
Interview with Yanky Pollak, currently on his way to NYC to meet Anna after she was arrested while covering the riots for Rebel News. Click here to view the full story.
NYC lawyer (and 9/11 hero) working to free our jailed reporter
In this interview, filmed this afternoon right before her arraignment, Michael walks us through the steps of what will happen with Anna next. Click here to view the story.
BAD NEWS: Our NYC lawyers say the paperwork to release @YesThatAnna has not yet been processed by the police. "It's going to be a long day/night", says one of our lawyers. Police typically have 24 hours to bring a suspect before a judge. Help us out at https://t.co/XjTcDx7m9e
June 3, 2020 - 12:00 p.m. ET
Ezra Levant crashes livestream with breaking Anna Slatz news
Our new reporter, Anna Slatz has just been arrested by police, and taken to Brooklyn central booking!
She was apparently arrested for being out past the curfew — even though journalists are specifically exempt from it!
She only had a few moments on the phone before police took it away.
My next call was to our New York City criminal lawyer. Even though it was almost 11 p.m., he called me back immediately, and started to go to work.
Anna has done an exemplary job for us — you can see all of her work on www.StopAntifa.com. It is calm, professional and very well-done. She was completely law-abiding, and a credit to both our company and the profession.
The Zara was just broken into.
Live in NYC for @RebelNewsOnline pic.twitter.com/VoxgknLeyT
Obviously we want to get her free immediately — and I'm very pleased to report that we have an excellent lawyer on the file right now.
Please keep Anna in your thoughts, and if you can help us cover this emergency legal cost, please do so on this page.
Anna is a brave young woman who has done great journalism. But jail is no place for her — especially a jail packed with rioters and looters.
Please help us as we work through the night with our New York lawyers to get her free.
Anna is very passionate about justice and freedom. Her reporting has pointed out how violent Antifa protesters have hijacked peaceful political protests. It's so important that she be freed, to continue telling her story.
We have hired an excellent lawyer in New York, who has helped us before. He literally started working on this project at 11 p.m. tonight. If you can help cover that emergency cost, please chip in below.
Any additional funds raised beyond the costs of our legal fees will be paid to Anna.
Canadians can donate to help cover the costs of the lawyer through e-transfer by emailing [email protected]
Or contribute by cheque by making it out to Rebel News and mailing the cheque to:
Stop ANTIFA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We thank Diciotti et al for the interest in our study and their thoughtful comments regarding the methodology that was used to obtain part of the results reported in our manuscript. We acknowledge that feature selection is an important part of learning algorithms and still the subject of research in high-dimensional (and structured) datasets. We had already mentioned this "peeking" issue raised by Diciotti et al as a limitation in our manuscript.
Motivated by the comment by Diciotti et al, we repeated our data analysis by using feature selection within the cross-validation folds. In particular, we reanalyzed the data by using Relieff feature selection of the top 1000 features followed by a support vector machine (SVM) classifier within a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. We did not optimize for the number features nor for the SVM classifier parameters, which we kept identical with the best setting in the original manuscript. We obtained results that are significantly above chance for discrimination, for example, between SD-fMCI and SD-aMCI. The accuracy was 84.6%, with a false-positive rate between 6.7% single-domain frontal mild cognitive impairment (SD-fMCI) and 27.3% single-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment (SD-aMCI). As can be expected, these results are less optimistic than the reported values in the manuscript. This can be explained by a number of factors. For example, we note that the data analysis pipeline is not yet fully optimized because the time to respond to the letter by Diciotti et al was limited. We reason that this result nevertheless underlines the potential and feasibility of SVM for individual classification of MCI subtypes.
We would like to use this opportunity to further elaborate a number of current limitations of classification analysis at the individual level. Neuroimaging has been dominated by group-level statistical analyses to identify brain regions involved in certain diseases; however, such analyses do not necessarily reflect predictive value for the diagnosis of individual cases in clinical neuroradiology. Recent trends in neuroimaging data analysis are increasingly adopting tools from pattern recognition to evaluate results and develop potentially new imaging markers. This trend represents a fundamental shift in paradigm. Diciotti et al highlighted, in their letter, the issue of proper feature selection, and we would like to add a few other considerations for future development. In addition to these methodologic challenges, there are open medicolegal issues such as approval by the FDA or European Union.
A typical feature set extracted from MR imaging data can easily contain more than 100,000 features. In most cases, the features are related (similarity of adjacent or homologous voxels), and only a limited number will carry discriminative information. The selection of the best features is a long-standing problem in machine learning, which can be dealt with either explicitly (by a separate feature-selection step) or implicitly (by regularization in the classification method). In any case, increasing the dimensionality by adding more nondiscriminatory features increases computational demands and decreases performance. Identifying the optimal number of features (or tuning of regularization parameters) is nontrivial in practice.
Structural MR imaging data typically have several hundred thousand voxels, while typical single-center studies have around 20–50 individuals per group. The cross-validation technique is one frequently implemented method in such cases, with a small number of participants with respect to the size of the data (also implemented by Diciotti et al), yet it has its own limitations. Ideally, the classifier should be trained on one dataset and tested on another independent dataset to estimate the "real world" performance in clinical neuroradiology. Evidently, the available sample size for single-center studies is, in most cases, insufficient.
There is substantial normal interindividual variation in brain morphometry, even in healthy volunteers (eg, up to 15% variation in cortical thickness).2 Correspondingly, we could, for example, show in a previous study that there is less variation in the within-subject cortical asymmetry, and for example, discrimination between at-risk mental state and volunteers was possible only based on within-subject cortical asymmetry, yet this was impossible based on direct assessment of cortical thickness between subjects.3 While this study was performed in the domain of psychosis, the principles are also applicable to neurodegenerative diseases including dementia. While most classification techniques can exploit multivariate information and, thus theoretically, can reveal discriminative information by "clever" combinations of features, the high-dimensional nature and variability of the data could benefit from incorporating domain-specific knowledge.
There is interindividual variation in the neurocognitive reserve, which was described already in 1968.4 The same degree of clinical neurocognitive impairment can be caused by different levels of brain pathology—or from the other perspective, the same degree of brain pathology can evoke variable degrees of clinical neurocognitive impairment. This is due to individual factors such as education and social integration, which represent an important confound for classification analyses. Taking into account these factors is not obvious and should ideally be done within the classification algorithm and not as a separate preprocessing step (on the training data within the cross-validation fold).
Additional potentially confounding factors include noise in the data, between-scanner variability, variability in data preprocessing, and patient selection, among others.
In summary, individual-level classification of neuroimaging data is an emerging field and is still hindered by fundamental limitations of the methodology, including optimal feature selection, incorporating domain knowledge into the classification, and integration of multiparametric measurements.
In addition, we believe that further methodologic developments should be based on larger datasets and multicentric studies to increase both reproducibility and predictability. Recent data-sharing initiatives such as the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,6 in combination with cloud-computing power, will provide the necessary prerequisites for these developments. In the near future, we will, hopefully, see new advances to bring individual-level classification analysis to the next level to provide earlier and more accurate diagnosis and to eventually improve patient care.


text:
ευρωπαϊκό συμβούλιο προστασίας δεδομένων
Σχετικά με το ΕΣΠΔ
Ανακοινώσεις νομικού περιεχομένου
Ενημέρωση σχετικά με την προστασία δεδομένων
Υπεύθυνος προστασίας δεδομένων @ ΕΣΠΔ
Πρόσβαση του κοινού στα έγγραφα
Δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας
Γραμματεία ΕΣΠΔ
Εσωτερικός κανονισμός και υπόμνημα συνεργασίας
Εθνικά νέα
Για ΜΜΕ
Το έργο και τα εργαλεία μας
Δείτε όλα τα έγγραφά μας
Γενική καθοδήγηση
ΓΚΠΔ: κατευθυντήριες γραμμές, συστάσεις, βέλτιστες πρακτικές
Άλλα έγγραφα
Αστυνομία και Δικαιοσύνη: κατευθυντήριες γραμμές, συστάσεις, βέλτιστες πρακτικές
Πορίσματα συνεκτικότητας
Δεσμευτικές αποφάσεις
Μητρώο των αποφάσεων που λαμβάνονται από τις εποπτικές αρχές και τα δικαστήρια για ζητήματα που εξετάζονται στο πλαίσιο του μηχανισμού συνεκτικότητας
Δημόσια διαβούλευση
Εργαλεία λογοδοσίας
Μητρώο κωδίκων δεοντολογίας, τροποποιήσεων και επεκτάσεων
Ομάδα εργασίας του άρθρου 29
News Εθνικά νέα Εθνικά νέα Belgian Data Protection Authority imposed a fine of 5.000 EUR on local election candidate
Belgian Data Protection Authority imposed a fine of 5.000 EUR on local election candidate
Wednesday, 10 June, 2020
The Litigation Chamber of the Belgian Data Protection Authority imposed a fine of 5.000 EUR on a candidate in local elections for using the staff registry of a municipality to send election propaganda (in the form of a letter) to staff members. The Belgian municipality in question filed the complaint against the candidate.
The Litigation Chamber established the following elements:
- A legal person (in this case the municipality) is entitled to file a complaint with the DPA.
- Contrary to what was said by the defendant, the communication didn't amount to normal communication between a municipal councilor, which the defendant was at the time, and municipal staff. The content of the letter sent shows that it was indeed election propaganda.
- A violation of article 5, 1., b (purpose limitation) occurred, considering that the staff register is not meant to be used for other purposes than the internal management of the municipality
- The Litigation Chamber could find no legal basis for a lawful processing of data from the staff register and therefore also concluded in a violation of articles 5, 1., a) and 6, 1 (lawfulness of processing).
The imposition of a fine of 5.000 EUR was done on the basis of previous similar decisions by the Litigation Chamber of the BE DPA, where it had found that further processing of data gathered for municipal purposes with the intent of using them for political propaganda violated the principles of lawful processing and of purpose limitation.
The Litigation Chamber also considers that the defendant's other positions in public service should have led him to a greater respect for rules on electoral campaigning, which include data protection rules.
To read the full decision in French, click here
For further information, please contact the Belgian DPA: contact@apd-gba.be
The press release published here does not constitute official EDPB communication, nor an EDPB endorsement. This press release was originally published by the national supervisory authority and was published here at the request of the SA for information purposes. As the press release is represented here as it appeared on the SA's website or other channels of communication, the news item is only available in English or in the Member State's official language with a short introduction in English. Any questions regarding this press release should be directed to the supervisory authority concerned.


Build a cargo bike out of an old mountain bike, a metal shopping cart, miscellaneous bike parts, a variety of scrap metal, and a willingness to hack things apart!
I am currently living a car-free life and need a means of transporting supplies for those larger projects. Constructed at UPland.
To start off, I daydreamed a bit, searched around on the internet to see what other folks have created, talked to friends about what they use, and looked at some manufactured cargo bikes for ideas.
I landed on placing the cargo hold in front of the main bike with a 20" wheel out in front of the shopping cart for constructability, ridability, and stability reasons. I used a shopping cart for the cargo bed because it acts as a box truss between the front wheel and the rest of the bike, adding stiffness and strength, and is ready built. And it looks cool. This construction process can probably be adapted to any cargo bike configuration. I didn't worry too much about making sure the frame was perfectly straight and aligned as this it is as heavy as a tank and built for rough hauling purposes, not high performance racing.
Costs should be minimal with careful craigslisting and keeping an eye out for useful parts.
If you venture down this path, good luck! And please post pictures of your reinterpretations.
All of these parts should be steel to allow basic welding. Avoid aluminum, carbon, or titanium bikes.
It is just a coincidence that all the parts I found are some shade of red. I wish that was intentional. Also, as everyone knows, red goes faster.
I dug around in another friend's scrap metal pile to find these parts, so dimensions are not exact. Just a rough guide, other shapes and sizes will work fine.
These are the tools I used, although substitutions can easily be made depending on what you have available.
For safety, I wore a face shield, heavy gloves, double respirator, and ear muffs [ear plugs] when grinding or cutting and an autodarking welding mask, welding gloves, and double respirator when welding. I also worked primarily outdoors [that is, in a very well ventilated area] because of the fumes created during the process. Make sure the area on the piece your welding has been ground clear of paint and other contaminants. I also wore natural fibers which don't melt and made sure none of my clothing was baggy.
Remove the wheels from the shopping cart by by separating the wheel supports from the cage with the cutoff wheel on the angle grinder. I was able to cut along the welds and pry the legs off right against the cage for a clean cut. Quickly grind the cut area with the abrasive wheel to eliminate any sharp edges.
The 20" wheel I found had already been separated from the rest of the frame, but if you still have the whole bike you will need to cut just behind the steering headset to remove the top tube and down tube. The turning mechanism should still work.
Layout the bike, shopping cart and front fork on the ground to determine proportions and make sure everything will fit. The image shows the rough layout for the bike I built [although I hadn't removed the lets of the shopping cart, which just made things more difficult]. I used an expansion join in the concrete as a reference line to get the location of the shopping cart and front wheel correct relative to the rest of the frame. This reference line acts as the groundline when the bike is on its side. The rear wheel of the bike should rest on this line with the chainstay parallel to the line. The bottom of the shopping cart should be parallel to this line as well. The front wheel also rests on the line, but the fork can be tilted slightly to the back to shorten the bike. The front fork should remain nearly upright to ensure the steering works.
The whole project was done essentially without absolute measurements and just taking measurements directly off of the various parts. This ensures that everything fits well and doesn't require any drawings. The bike will be laid out multiple times throughout the process to take measurements and make sure everything is in the right place.
While the bike is laid out, mark the length of the tube stock that runs underneath the cage. This should be about the distance from connection point on the bike frame to the front of the shopping cart plus 1 or 2 inches. Measure it again, making sure you have the shopping cart in the right place relative to the bike. Mark the angle that the tube stock meets the frame and cut the tube stock to length with one square end and one end angled to match the bike frame. The angle will not be perfect, correct the angle with the saw or grinder until it is close enough. Grind the angled end to match the curvature of the bike frame [see image]. Remove the paint from the bike frame in the area that you will be welding with the grinder to make a cleaner weld [and avoid toxic fumes].
Create a jig to hold the tube in place while you weld it to the frame. I used a short board and a long board clamped to either side of the frame to create a stable surface to clamp to [see image]. Weld the tube on and you now have a one wheeled jousting bike.
Take the front fork and grind flat the stubs of the frame that stick out of the head tube. Cut a piece of flat plate steel/flat bar to the same width and length as the head tube. Clamp this against the flattened frame tube stumps and weld in place [see image]. This creates a strong flat surface that can be welded to the short tube.
To prevent the bike from folding up on itself, add a tube between the top of the down tube of the bike and the long tube. Lay out the bike [one last time, I promise] and mark the angle to cut [see image]. I set the angle of the bar to match the angle of the head tube purely for aesthetic reasons. Cut, fit, grind and weld.
The main spine of the bike is now complete!
Drop the cage into place on the spine, making sure to center it from side to side.This was the only time I used a tape measure. Depending on the quality of your shopping cart, the wire lines of the cage may not be square and thus look skewed. Tack weld the shopping cart cage to the bike frame at regular intervals, especially where the larger shopping cart members cross the bike frame [see images].
Bend the EMT to nearly 90 degrees so that the flat part of the EMT runs along the side of the cart and the body of the tube points towards the front head tube.
Bend the remainder of the tube back towards the opposite side of the shopping cart cage.
You should now have a brace that ties the top of the shopping cart cage to the front of the bike.
Weld the brace in place, know that WELDING EMT/GALVANIZED METAL IS DANGEROUS. Do what this guy says: https://www.instructables.com/id/Welding-EMT-Condui... And wear a good respirator.
Create another brace for the rear of the shopping cart to connect it to the head tube of the bike. Same process, different location, the second one is easier. Weld this into place [see image]. It now looks like a cargo bike!
Create a steering column that reaches from the handlebars to below the shopping cart cage by extending the headset. First cut a small plate about 2" by 4" and drill a hole that matches the diameter of the tube you will be using as a steering column to extend the headset [see images]. Weld this plate to the long tube to hold the steering column from flopping around at the bottom. Place the end of the steering column in the center of the cutoff fork and align steering column parallel to the head tube to determine the placement of the plate [see image].
The fork from the bike I used had a hole through the bottom of the center [probably to mount fenders]. This allowed me to drill a hole in the end of the steering column and bolt it in place in the fork [see image]. Depending on the angle the steering column intersects with the plate, the hole may need to be enlarged slightly. I used a tapered drill bit to get the fit right, while still keeping it snug.
Cut the steering column to length, a few inches below the small plate with the hole. Cut a 10" piece of angle stock and drill a 1/4" hole ~1" from one end, centered on the right end, bottom of the "L" when facing forward. This hole will be used as a pivot to for the connecting bar. Weld the left end of the angle stock to the steering column, making sure that when the handlebars are straight, the angle stock is perpendicular to the bike frame. Position the angle stock with the "L" facing forward and the hole in the end parallel to the ground [see image].
Take another piece of 8" angle stock and position it perpendicular to the top of the right side of the front fork with the "L" facing downwards and backwards. Drill a 1/4" hole in the top of the right end of the angle stock, which will act as the pivot for the other end of the linking bar. Grind the end of the angle stock to match the curvature of the front fork and weld in place [see image]. The angle stock acts as the lever for the front steering.
Bend a 6' length of EMT into a connecting bar between the angle stock steering levers. Bending conduit without a proper tool is ugly, but can be done. I used the vise, but instead of gripping the material, I bent the tube into a soft curve by pushing down on the tube against the vise in small increments, constantly changing position so as to avoid getting a kink. Constantly check the connecting bar against the bike to ensure they shape is correct. It will need to run below the cage and then curve up to meet the angle stock welded to the front fork [see image]. Once the shape is correct, cut the tube to length and flatten both ends. Bend the front end to match the face of the angle stock with the hole in it. Drill holes in the conduit to mirror the holes in the angle stock at both ends, while ensure that the handlebars are facing forward and the front wheel is aligned. The at the back can be re-drilled in a new position to correct the alignment, if necessary [which I assure you it was for my bike]. Bolt the conduit into place, liberally sprinkling the joint with washers to ease rotation.
Everything should be working, take it out for a spin!
Test rides revealed a few problems that can be rectified with the addition of a few key pieces of scrap.
Where the trimmed forks connects to the steering column is a little bit loose and needs a way to be clamped down. To do this, take a 6" length of 1/8" x 1" flat bar. Drill a 1/4" hole in one end for the bolt that travels through the fork. Bolt the flat bar to the front fork and clamp the lower section in place against the steering column. Weld the flat bar to the steering column along each side. The fork and steering column should now be firmly bolted together through this flange without any slippage when turned [see image]. The steering column can still be removed if necessary by removing the bolt from the front fork and pulling the steering column straight down.
When the handlebars are turned, the front wheel does not turn enough making it necessary to turn the handlebars very far to corner. To rectify this, the steering linkage connection point at the front can be moved towards the center of the bike or the connection at the back can be moved outwards from the center. Drilling a hole closer to the fork in the front bar would be easier, but them some leverage is lost. It is better to extend the angle stock welded to the steering column, which will increase the steering leverage. Take a short length (~4") of angle iron and weld it to the end of the existing angle iron welded to the steering column [see image]. Drill a hole in the end to reconnect the steering linkage rod [see image]. Small adjustments in the handlebars now correspond to larger wheel movement. The additional holes in the bottom angle stock allows the attachment point for the connecting linkage to be fine tuned, if necessary.
There is some concern that the front fork may fold away from the rest of the frame if heavily loaded or a sharp shock is applied (which happens regularly with the potholed roads in the area). To strengthen the front fork connection, take a 14" long 3/16" by 2" piece of flat bar and bend into a U shape [see image]. I used a length of pipe that was approximately the same diameter as the headset of the front fork as a bending form. Take the U shaped length of stock and clamp in place around the front fork, overlapping with the frame that runs under the cart. Weld in place [see image]. This piece firmly connects the front fork to the rest of the frame.
The frame should now be sufficiently strengthened, most of the slop removed from the steering, and the metal ready for painting.
For the base coat, hit all of the rusted metal with a wire metal brush to clean off all loose material. Follow this with a few coats of exposed rusted metal with "rust converter" to stabilize the rust [see image]. Apply a top coat that matches the color approximately, in this case a nice glossy red.
The steering system still had a little slop, so I used a stack of washers to replace the front and rear steering connections. I placed two washers on the outside, with a stack of four between the steering column and connecting rod and tightened the locknut fairly hard [see image]. This removed most of the wiggle in the handle bars.
A bit of basic bike maintenance made the bike generally more ride-able and I replaced the shifter cables, adjusted the rear brake (you'll need all the stopping power you can get when fully loaded), and adjusted the seat.
That's all folks. Start hauling.
I made this and used a plastic shopping cart. It was a disaster. Use metal, you're better off.
That's a good and green idea to go shopping with.
But where do you buy or get a shopping cart???
look at industrial resale shops, we bought several to use at our shop for holding parts for jobs.
That is such a hilarious and awesome thing. Nice Job!
found shopping carts should be returned to stores, or left alone. in the 80s, a store manager told me they cost his store $65 EACH [way back then].
Nice build, Henry! I like the racing red color scheme.
For the two steering bar connections, I would recommend using "rod ends" instead of a bolt in single-shear. These are used (surprisingly enough) for steering tie rods. I got mine from a lawn mower supply shop. I think they are OEM Cub Cadet parts or something, and cost about $5. Well work the money, IMO. I'll try to find a good picture of the connection. You can also get them from car race shops, but they'll be way bigger.
Regarding questions about stability, there really is no problem at all. Keep the rake angle of the front wheel the same as it was on the donor bike, and keep the rear bike at the same angle it started as, and you'll have no troubles at all.
I will hopefully get around to replacing the steering bar connectors with rod ends. But as the bolts are working for the time being, it doesn't seem urgent.
Now if they only made bikes big enough for a 6 foot 6 inch man....haven't ridden a bike in almost 40 years because of that...and an ALL STEEL BIKE?? Do they even MAKE them anymore???
That linkage connection is prone to constant maintenance. It will cause a sideways force on your bolt which will make your nut constantly want to loosen up. (Even thought it's a lock nut) The hole that the bolt is in will slowly get slopped out causing even more problems.
The solution is to simply support the bolt on both sides of the applied force(linkage). Attached picture should explain sufficiently. *Not to scale.
This ensures that the load on the bolt is supported on both sides, so that no bending force is applied, correct?
Probably the 'correct' solution, but not quite as much fun.
Yeah, I would try to keep it as DIY as possible, mainly because it IS more fun that way.
If it doesn't detract too much from the crucial and weighty ethical conundrums of shopping cart acquisition, I have a technical question. Why use a. 20" wheel on front vs. the 26"? that came on the bike?
First, I had a kids bike that had already been taken apart for another project, so a headset and front fork was available. Second, most of the research I done on this type of cargo bike showed a smaller front wheel, which I suspect has to do with reducing the overall length, minimizing the height of the front assembly, and it doesn't affect the stability. Does that make sense?
Yes, especially the part about the height of the front assembly. Just from looking at your photos, it seemed that the smaller front wheel was needed the make the bottom of the cart level.
could you fit a nice big motor on the back wheel and fill the shopping basket with batteries?


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Repair Manual For Scoot And Go Scooters is good choice for you that looking for nice reading experience. We hope you glad to visit our website. Please read our description and our privacy and policy page.
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Sliders is the new game from New Delta Games that will test both your visual skills and strategic thinking as you attempt to complete each level and max out your score.
Match coloured tiles together to score points and increase your chances of making it to the next level. The gameplay is simple yet addictive. Throw in the idea of special tiles that when matched together cause special events to occur and the game becomes very dynamic.
What starts out as a simple game soon becomes a game of logic and foresight as you attempt to plan your next move to avoid losing the game. When that becomes too easy - play against the clock and really test yourself!


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4 more apparent BB gun shootings reported on 91 Fwy in SoCal, latest in series of over 70 incidents
by: Gene Kang
The California Highway Patrol is investigating four new reports of apparent BB or pellet gun shootings on Monday, all of which took place in a 10-minute span on a stretch of the 91 Freeway in Riverside County.
The attacks mark the latest in a series of more than 70 similar incidents in Riverside, Orange and Los Angeles counties that have left dozens of vehicles damaged over the past month.
Pellet gun shootings unnerve drivers on 91 Freeway
91 Fwy shootings: More apparent BB gun attacks in SoCal as number of incidents hits 60
Possible BB gun shooting leaves another window shattered in Corona
Investigators say it's possible more than one more person is responsible for the shootings, as the attacks have been spread out to so many different locations.
"The likelihood that it is more than one person — there is definitely a possibility there," CHP Officer Dan Olivas told KTLA.
Gene Kang reports for the KTLA 5 News at 3 on May 24, 2021.


The suspect is being held without bond in the jail. No motive is known for the attack.
After two men turned themselves in for assaulting two people downtown last month, Dave McNair (formally of The Hook) writes on The DTM that a more complicated narrative is emerging. I hope more information comes out about this soon, because this story—what it says about and how it influences race relations in Charlottesville—is important, and potentially powerful.
You are currently browsing the cvillenews.com weblog archives for the Crime category.


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Featured Artist No. 13: Janine Larina
Home Featured Artist Featured Artist No. 13: Janine Larina
March 7, 2018May 8, 2019By The Pelican
by Amanda Egerer
Born and raised in San Diego, JPCatholic student Janine Larina brings unique life experience and fresh insight to the University's Humanities program. She shares her experience as an actress and her transition from a Media Communications student to humanities.
Shortly after Janine Larina graduated high school, she studied at California State University Fullerton. She was there for a brief period of time before she decided to seriously attempt to break into the entertainment industry in Los Angeles. For ten years she worked as a casting director for music videos and acted in a variety of projects, her most prominent being her role in the television show East Los High.
After a near-decade break from school, the actress decided to go back to college in hopes to deepen her understanding of the Catholic faith. Last February, Larina started at JPCatholic in the Directing program, but as she took theology and philosophy classes she realized that she wanted to emerge herself deeper into her Catholic faith. This realization is what sparked her transition into the Humanities program.
Janine began acting in her childhood. Her mother would often drive her to Los Angeles to audition for roles for on-screen acting, but once her mother gave birth to Larina's younger siblings, she told the actress that she would no longer be able to drive her from their home in San Diego to Los Angeles on a regular basis for auditions. Janine's mother supported her endeavors and encouraged her to continue her pursuit of acting once she had obtained a driver's license and could travel to auditions on her own, and that is exactly was Larina did.
"I thought LA was it," Janine said. The actress thought that she would stay in the industry for the extent of her career. But something changed in her ambitions down the road that led her to JPCatholic. Janine began as a casting director for music videos and worked as an assistant director. She had played around with the idea of acting but didn't make a transition to the screen out of "fear of doing the wrong thing". During an inspiring conversation with a friend, he encouraged her to "just do something. Even if it doesn't work out, or you end up hating it. Just do something".
For the remainder of Janine's time in Los Angeles, she acted in music videos and landed a recurring role in the television show East Los High . Janine expressed that working on the set of East Los High was one of her most positive experiences in Los Angeles. "The crew was my favorite part. We were like family." She explained the deep connections she made with the cast and crew because of all the time spent together. Janine stated that "After working 15 or 16 hour days with the same set of people, you naturally get to know them very well."
Aside from acting and directing while in Los Angeles, Larina also taught kids acting classing and loved discovering how freely creative and energetic children can often be. She believes that "If adults could channel their inner child, it could change the TV and movie industry entirely." She tries to tap into that childlike creativity in her creative writing. Janine will oftentimes give herself a writing prompt and write out the scene as if she is acting in an improv exercise. She stated that "It's fun to come up with various scenarios and just start writing all I can from that."
While acting, directing, and teaching, Janine felt a desire to know her Catholic faith on a deeper level. "People would ask me questions about the faith and I wouldn't know how to answer them and I felt terrible." After journeying through a decade of the entertainment industry of Los Angeles, Janine now studies in the Theology and Philosophy program of the Humanities degree. She hasn't auditioned for any acting roles in over a year.
Janine wanted to find a university program that was rooted in theology and philosophy so she could increase her knowledge of Catholicism and that is when she found JP Catholic. "I had no idea that it was even an art school when I started looking into it!" Learning more about the entertainment industry was not, and still is not, her primary reason for attending the University. It is the opportunity to become rooted in Catholic tradition and classic literature that continues to drive Janine in her studies. "The more I learned, the more I learned that I don't." In response to being asked what she sees herself doing after graduation, she stated that "I'm really open to whatever God has for me. It really seems that if you follow God then everything else follows… The possibilities are endless."
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West Palm Beach Criminal Defense
Call Now to Speak With a Lawyer 561-721-0552
Heidi Perlet
Marc Shiner
Nancy Vorpe Quinlan
Alan W. Saladrigas
As founding Partner of Perlet & Shiner, P.A., 16 years ago, Ms. Perlet's hard work and vision of creating Palm Beach County's top, prominent criminal defense firm has been realized. Over the past 16 years, the firm has attracted the finest attorneys in the community, a fact of which Ms. Perlet is ...
BUI Defense
Drug Rehab Crimes
Nebbia Holds
Pharmaceutical Health Care Fraud
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/ West Palm Beach Criminal Lawyer / West Palm Beach Criminal Appeals Lawyer
West Palm Beach Criminal Appeals Lawyer
Handling Criminal Appeals & Post-Conviction Matters
A criminal conviction is no doubt devastating, but it doesn't have to be the end of the story. A post conviction appeal may be available to you or your loved one, depending on the circumstances. Our West Palm Beach criminal appeals lawyers at Perlet & Shiner, P.A. can help gain an opportunity for another trial after a guilty verdict. If you believe that you or a loved one may qualify for a post-conviction appeal, it is important to begin the appeal process right away.
Call 561-721-0552 to schedule a free initial consultation with our West Palm Beach criminal defense attorneys.
Special Rules for Appeals
Certain conditions must be present to allow for a post-conviction appeal. You may be able to file an appeal after conviction due to:
Mistakes in procedure made by the judge or prosecutor
Mistakes regarding evidence that the judge, prosecution or police made
during the investigation and trial
Mistakes made by the judge in interpreting the law
In a direct appeal, the court can only look at what happened during the trial. The court checks how the law was decided in your case. Our legal team will look at the facts of your case to help you make a strong appeal to the court. New evidence may be allowed if attorneys can show that the trial would have had a different outcome as a direct result of that evidence.
Types of Appeal Motions Perlet & Shiner, P.A. Handles
A post-conviction motion needs to be filed with the trial court and will be heard by the trial judge for your case. In Palm Beach County during 2008-2009, there were 891 post-conviction relief motions made.
Post-conviction motions can be made for:
Issues regarding new evidence
An improper sentence
More Information On Appeals
The Florida State Attorney General's Office is responsible for representing the state in over 10,000 felony criminal appeals each year. After conviction in state court, your appeal will be filed with the Florida District Court of Appeals. If the deadline to file is missed, an appeal will not be possible.
In South Florida, including the cities of Boca Raton, Jupiter, Wellington and West Palm Beach, our criminal defense attorneys will help protect your legal rights after conviction. They will advise the convicted of the options available for appeal, prepare the appeal, and work hard to get the best possible results.
to learn more about how we can assist you. We are ready to put our skills on your side.
Begin Your Defense Now
The sooner you contact our firm, the sooner we can begin building your defense! Call us at 561-721-0552 or fill out the form below to speak to one of our team members.
Strong Defense You Can Rely On
If you are facing criminal charges, do not put your defense in the hands of just any attorney. Turn to an aggressive team who will do whatever it takes to ensure your rights and future are protected.
Why Hire Our Firm
We Stand Ready to Fight for You
An appeal is a time-consuming process, and while under consideration, the person convicted will be required to start serving the sentence given. We are available to offer our legal knowledge to help you or a loved one rally for another chance at defense. We represent post-conviction appeals clients in all of South Florida, including Jupiter, Boca Raton, West Palm Beach, Wellington, Lake Worth, Boynton Beach, Stuart, Fort Lauderdale and neighboring cities.
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We can supply Beech Wood Logs for sawmill or veneer, according with customers' necessities. The diameter of the logs starts from 24 cm and it can reach 1 meter to the mature trees. Their length usually starts from 3 meters.


Jewish groups condemned the racist remarks attributed to Donald Sterling, the Jewish owner of the Los Angeles Clippers.
TMZ published a 10-minute recording of the racist rant on its website late Friday, saying the recording was a conversation between Sterling and his model girlfriend, V. Stiviano.
Sterling, the son of Jewish immigrant parents, allegedly tells his girlfriend, who is black and Mexican, not to be seen in public with black people or to post photographs of herself with black people on Instagram. He also tells her not to bring black people, including Magic Johnson, to his team's basketball games.
Johnson and others in the NBA community, notably Michael Jordan, the former Chicago Bulls superstar and now an owner of the Charlotte Bobcats, have slammed Sterling's remarks, as did President Obama in Malaysia over the weekend.
His girlfriend is heard countering that as a Jew, Sterling should know better than to advocate discrimination, and she cites the Holocaust as an example of where racism can lead.
Amanda Susskind, ADL's Pacific Southwest regional director, called on Sterling to reject the statements attributed to him.
The American Jewish Committee condemned the remarks and called on the NBA to take appropriate action against Sterling.
NBA Commissioner Adam Silver, who also is Jewish, called the racist remarks attributed to Sterling "truly offensive and disturbing." He said in a statement Sunday that the league will move "extraordinarily quickly" in its investigation.
The Los Angeles chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which had been scheduled to honor Sterling with a lifetime achievement award on Sunday, said via Twitter that it had rescinded the award.
Sterling, a lawyer and real estate owner born Donald Tokowitz, bought the Clippers in 1981. He currently is the longest-tenured owner in the NBA.


The City of Burnsville offers several ideal locations for picnics, reunions, and other special events.
Reservations may be made weekdays 8 a.m.- 4:30 p.m. Reservations are only made for the current year and cannot be booked several years out. The Recreation Department begins accepting reservations on the first business day following January 1 of the current year and accepts reservations throughout the year.
For more information on availability and cost or to reserve a park building/shelter, please call 952-895-4510.


A lot of companies like giving us gifts. Google isn't the exception. I really have nothing to do with all the coupons. I thought why not just give them to our students and site visitors. We could of wrapped it up and protected it but they expire really fast anyways. I don't make anything from it. Why not share it with people that actually need or want it. If you are planning to open up a new AdWords account or have just opened a new one in the last few weeks then I got a great gift for you. Here is a $100 free Google AdWords coupon code just use it. Want to thank me? Well you should want to thank me… just post a comment here with a heart warming thanks and claim the coupon so I can remove it from the list and let others use it (and upload new ones as I have so many of 'em). If you can't find any active coupons post a comment as well and I'll dig for more of them.
Sorry gang google stopped sending us codes so the codes are not valid anymore but check the comments some kind people post codes as they get them. if you get them please feel free to share it with others if you can't use them. it was removed because some people abused it and google got pissed off and put our account in there black list to not give us anymore codes. so unfortunately some of our users have been abusing the system unknown to us we got punished for it and now can't share anymore codes.
If you have any issues/questions/conserns we will try to do our best to address them. You can contact us about it. Once a week I push up new codes. I have a limited amount and I give them out throughout the month (I don't sell them sorry). If you give us a 5 star review in our new AdWords Training how to make it with AdWords send us an email and I'll be more then happy to give you a private exclusive coupon as long as I have extras!


Also, as the Holy Roman Emperor had no permanent residence anymore, Frankfurt remained the center of imperial power and the principal city of Eastern Francia.After an era of lesser importance under the Salian and Saxon emperors, a single event once again brought Frankfurt to the fore: it was in the local church in 1147 that Bernard of Clairvaux called, amongst others, the Hohenstaufen king Conrad III to the Second Crusade.Stray archeological finds on the Domhügel go back to the Paleolithic, but the first proven settlement and land development date to the Roman era.It is assumed that the Romans settled on the hill in the last quarter of the 1st century CE; amongst other things, a Roman bath has been found, which may have belonged to a larger complex, possibly a fortress.Learn more, including about available controls: Cookies Policy.Frankfurt is located in what was originally a swampy portion of the Main valley, a lowland criss-crossed by channels of the river.The guilds asked for greater participation in urban and fiscal policies as well as for economic restrictions of the Jewish community's rights.In 1612, after the election of Emperor Matthias the council rejected the Guild's request, to read out publicly the imperial privileges given to the city.
Charlemagne built himself a royal court at "Franconovurd", the "ford of the Franks", and in the summer of 794 held a church council there, convened by the grace of God, authority of the pope, and command of Charlemagne (canon 1), and attended by the bishops of the Frankish kingdom, Italy and the province of Aquitania, and even by ecclesiastics from England.
The oldest parts are therefore to be found on the higher portions of the valley, through which passed the Roman road from Mainz (Roman Moguntiacum) to Heddernheim (Roman Nida).
The Odenwald and Spessart ranges surrounded the area, lending a defensive advantage, and placenames show that the lowlands on both sides of the river were originally wooded.
The council was summoned primarily for the condemnation of Adoptionism.
According to the testimony of contemporaries two papal legates were present, Theophylact and Stephen, representing Pope Adrian I.
Kings and emperors frequently stayed in Frankfurt, and Imperial Diets and church councils were repeatedly held there.


Trespass to the person is the featured study in the January exam. There are exam resources and featured cases available for the exam here.
Trespass to the person is a tort which allows a claimant to get compensated, after suffering unwanted interference i.e assault, battery or false imprisonment. The general principle is to protect a persons right to not be touched, squeezed, punched, licked, verbally attacked, or locked in a basement for 3 years. Unless you like that kind of thing, obviously.
It was more than likely developed in ye olde medieval times when there was highway robbers, burglars and knights that came out of nowhere and started jousting with you and that. This was a time with no police or sophisticated courts - victims had to get wrongdoers to pay for crimes themselves under writs of trespass.
Trespass to the person is actionable per se, which means the claimant does not have to prove damage, but only prove the tort has been committed. However if the claimant suffers no physical damage, less compensation will be recieved.
All 3 areas of trespass to the person are represented by criminal court, and whilst it is possible to get compensation through this, a civil case may be needed aswell/instead to get that all important cash.
Tort of trespass to the person.
Leaving a brick on the floor for the claimant to trip over.


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Roselle football preview: Rams new coach Williams anxious to see his first team succeed
By JR Parachini on September 7, 2013 ROSELLE, SPORTS
ROSELLE – Very pleased with the skill position players he has in his first year at the helm, new coach James Williams is anxious to see his Rams succeed in 2013. "If our offensive line holds up, I think we can be something special," Williams said. That is usually the case for every team. Roselle […]
Brearley football preview: Bears out to turn close setbacks into victories
By JR Parachini on September 6, 2013 KENILWORTH, SPORTS
KENILWORTH – The Bears lost four games by nine points or less last year. With a much more experienced team this season, Brearley hopes to turn those defeats into victories and bounce back from a rare 2-8 record. "What we've worked on the most is buying into the team concept," said 12th-year head coach Scott […]
Union football preview: Farmers seek breakout season to be remembered
By JR Parachini on September 6, 2013 SPORTS, UNION
UNION – It's now been 20 years since the Farmers have won a state championship. None of the present players were even born yet when Union last captured North 2, Group 4 for a record 10th time in 1993. It's been 10 years since the Farmers reached a state championship game. Union played in the […]
Rahway football preview: Indians have experience in all of the right places
By JR Parachini on September 5, 2013 RAHWAY, SPORTS
RAHWAY – The only thing the Indians have not achieved yet under head coach Gary Mobley is posing in front of a trophy in the middle of a field the first weekend in December. A senior-dominated team that includes six returning starters on offense and seven on defense could be the group that brings home […]
Hillside football preview: Comets feel they have necessary senior leadership
By JR Parachini on September 5, 2013 HILLSIDE, SPORTS
HILLSIDE – The Comets, in a second consecutive 1-9 finish last year, gave up nearly 300 points. "Defense and tackling were our main focus in the pre-season," second-year head coach Kendall Ashford said. "It was a mixture of technique and confidence." With 15 seniors listed among the starters – 10 on offense and another five […]
Dayton football preview: Bulldogs eager to show they have multiple options
By JR Parachini on September 4, 2013 SPORTS, SPRINGFIELD
SPRINGFIELD – Some teams like to spread the ball out on offense so that opposing defenses will not be able to key on any one player. That's an offensive goal for the Bulldogs this year as, after four years, Anthony Cioffi – now playing at Rutgers – will not be in the lineup. "Our cast […]
Linden football preview: Tigers strong on defense and more than capable offensively
By JR Parachini on September 2, 2013 LINDEN, SPORTS
LINDEN – One year Linden has six wins at the cutoff date and becomes the first squad with that many victories to not earn enough power points to qualify in North 2, Group 4 since the playoffs were expanded from four to eight teams in 1998. Two years later, which was last season, the Tigers […]
Summit football preview: Hilltoppers have new cast which is building for success
By JR Parachini on August 30, 2013 SPORTS, SUMMIT
SUMMIT – There are teams that proclaim they are "rebuilding" and then there are teams that – without saying so – seem to "reload" based on continued success following getting hit very hard by graduation. Gone are standout players such as Mike Badgley, A.J. Iarussi, Nick Liberato, Kyre Negron, Andrew Oristanio, Austin Carbone, Connor O'Malley […]
Roselle Park football preview: Panthers once again considered a feared opponent
By JR Parachini on August 29, 2013 ROSELLE PARK, SPORTS
ROSELLE PARK – To say that last year was a breakout season for the Panthers would be an understatement. On the verge of becoming a prominent player once again in 2011 during James Foy's final season as head coach, Roselle Park took that momentum to new heights in 2012 under first-year mentor Terry Hanratty. "James […]
Top senior, college-bound football players in Union County discussed by editor of The McCarthy Report
By JR Parachini on August 17, 2013 CLARK, CRANFORD, HILLSIDE, LINDEN, RAHWAY, ROSELLE PARK, SPORTS, UNION
Union Farmers represented on Top 11 list by Egwuonwu, Bogan, Iroha
The Union and Plainfield football teams will clash Nov. 2 at Hub Stine Field after both will have played six games. Although they are in different sections (Union in North 2, Group 5 and Plainfield in North 2, Group 4) and different divisions in the Mid-State 38 Conference (Union in the Delaware and Plainfield in […]


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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Recognition, Differential Diagnosis and Long-Term Effects
01. Closing Guantanamo - Issues and Legal Matters Surrounding the Detention Center's End
02. War and Suicide
03. Combating Islamic Militancy and Terrorism in Pakistan's Border Region
04. Detention of American Citizens as Enemy Combatants
05. War in Afghanistan: Strategy, Military Operations and Congressional Issues
06. All-Volunteer and Reserve Military: Issues and Performance
07. Alternatives for Military Space Radar
08. Counterinsurgency and the Armed Forces
09. Military Commissions Act of 2006: Analyses
10. Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor
Notify me of updates to Military Commissions Act of 2006: Analyses
Military Commissions Act of 2006: Analyses
Authors: Jennifer K. Elsea
This book provides a background and analysis comparing military commissions as envisioned under the MCA to the rules that had been established by the Department of Defense (DOD) for military commissions and to general military courts-martial conducted under the UCMJ. After reviewing the history of the implementation of military commissions in the "global war on terrorism," this book provides an overview of the procedural safeguards provided in the MCA. This book identifies pending legislation, including H.R. 267, H.R. 1585, H.R. 2543, H.R. 2826, S. 1547, S. 1548, H.R. 1416, S. 1876, S. 185, S. 576, S.447, H.R. 1415 and H.R. 2710. Finally, the book provides two tables comparing the MCA with regulations that had been issued by the Department of Defense pursuant to the President's Military Order with standard procedures for general courts-martial under the Manual for Courts-Martial. The first table describes the composition and powers of the military tribunals, as well as their jurisdiction. The second chart, compares procedural safeguards required by the MCA with those that had been incorporated in the DOD regulations and the established procedures in courts-martial.
author: Jennifer K. Elsea
Military Commissions: General Background
The Military Commissions Act of 2006
Personal Jurisdiction
Subject-Matter Jurisdiction
Temporal and Spatial Jurisdiction
Composition and Powers
Procedures Accorded the Accused
Open Hearing
Right to be Present
Right to Counsel
Evidentiary Matters
Admissibility of Evidence
Coerced Statements
Post-Trial Procedure
Review and Appeal
Protection against Double Jeopardy
Proposed Legislation
Binding: Paper
Pub. Date: 2008, 3rd Quarter
Status: AV
Status Code Description
AN Announcing
FM Formatting
PP Page Proofs
FP Final Production
EP Editorial Production
PR At Prepress
AP At Press
AV Available
Iran Sanctions: Impact Good or Bad?
Energy Efficiency Research
Data Security Breaches: Context and Incident Summaries
New Issues in Corporate Governance
Special Focus Titles
01. Violent Communication and Bullying in Early Childhood Education
02. Cultural Considerations in Intervention with Women and Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
03. Chronic Disease and Disability: The Pediatric Lung
04. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Health: New Research
05. Fire and the Sword: Understanding the Impact and Challenge of Organized Islamism. Volume 2
Nova Science Publishers


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Home/NEWS/Technology/Elden Ring release date, trailers, news and pre-orders
Elden Ring release date, trailers, news and pre-orders
Highly-anticipated RPG Elden Ring is on its way and we finally know when to expect it: January 21, 2022.
The game was first revealed at games industry expo E3 in 2019 and, after a couple of years of silence, we finally have a full-length trailer, along with an official release date. A release date that's looking increasingly unlikely to be delayed.
Elden Ring is an open-world, third-person action RPG, which comes from the studio behind the Dark Souls franchise, FromSoftware, in collaboration with Game of Thrones creator George R.R. Martin.
The game's first official gameplay trailer gave us a good look at Elden Ring. We saw a bleak world filled with mythical monstrosities, dragons and epic combat. Think Dark Souls, Game of Thrones and Lord of the Rings, with influences from myths and legends all over the world.
Below we've collected together everything we know about Elden Ring. We'll be updating this guide as and when more details emerge so keep checking back.
[Update: Elden Ring is moving towards the end of development. Read on to find out more.]
Elden Ring: cut to the chase
What is it? An open-world action RPG from the studio behind Dark Souls
When can I play it? January 21, 2022
What can I play it on? Xbox One, PS4, PS5, Xbox Series X/S and PC
Elden Ring release date
(Image credit: Bandai Namco)
Elden Ring releases on January 21, 2022 for PS4, Xbox One, PS5, Xbox Series X, Xbox Series S and PC. Following months of speculation, this release date was revealed in the official Elden Ring reveal trailer which was shown during Summer Game Fest: Kickoff Live.
Elden Ring pre-orders
Elden Ring pre-orders are live right now for PlayStation and Xbox consoles across generations. However, PC pre-orders aren't currently live – we will update this page when these become available. Below, you'll find links to Elden Ring pre-orders.
Today's best and Elden Ring deals
Elden Ring trailers
Reveal trailer
The Elden Ring reveal trailer was shown during the Summer Game Fest: Kickoff Live showcase. The trailer gives us our best look yet at the world George R.R. Martin and FromSoftware have cooked up: and it's pretty dark. The trailer features grotesquely unique mythical creatures, werewolves, moving pots, mounted combat and epic battles. Check it out below:
The announcement trailer for Elden Ring doesn't give away anything in terms of gameplay, but with more than one sword shown, and a spear and hammer given screen time, it looks like it will be as melee-focused as FromSoftware's past games. Check it out below:
Elden Ring screenshots
Want to see even more Elden Ring screenshots? We've included some below that are just too pretty not to show you:
Elden Ring will feature mounted combat, but whether you get a choice of steeds remains unclear.
This image seems to show a large magical hand embracing, what we can only assume is, the player.
This image gives us serious LOTR vibes but highlights just some of the bizarre mythical creatures we'll be encountering in Elden Ring.
A hooded figure that we are assuming will play a critical role in Elden Ring's storyline.
This is the type of scenario where Elden Ring's choice system will come into play. Do you charge in full steam? Or take a more stealthy approach?
Another very unsettling creature from Elden Ring's world.
This image seems to show a Lady or someone of nobility. We assume they'll play an important role in the story.
Elden Ring story
Elden Ring is set in the Lands Between, a name invented by George R.R. Martin. Miyazaki told IGN, that the name is meant "supposed to invoke this feeling of something that's very mysterious and very ethereal".
But what's Elden Ring's story? Here's Elden Ring's story outline, according to a press release from Bandai Namco:
"The Golden Order has been broken. Rise, Tarnished, and be guided by grace to brandish the power of the Elden Ring and become an Elden Lord in the Lands Between.
"In the Lands Between ruled by Queen Marika the Eternal, the Elden Ring, the source of the Erdtree, has been shattered. Marika's offspring, demigods all, claimed the shards of the Elden Ring known as the Great Runes, and the mad taint of their newfound strength triggered a war: The Shattering. A war that meant abandonment by the Greater Will. And now the guidance of grace will be brought to the Tarnished who were spurned by the grace of gold and exiled from the Lands Between. Ye dead who yet live, your grace long lost, follow the path to the Lands Between beyond the foggy sea to stand before the Elden Ring.
"And become the Elden Lord."
But what does that all mean? Miyazaki has explained that the Lands Between were previously blessed by the Elden Ring, with the Erdtree symbolizing the presence of the Elden Ring. The presence of the Elden Ring gave a blessing to those living in the Lands Between, with those who were blessed being identifiable by a golden light that's seen in their eyes.
However, over time, there were those who lost this blessing and the light diminished from their eyes, resulting in them – and their ancestors – having being exiled from the land. But when the Elden Ring is shattered in a "historical event", the land and its inhabitants lose the blessing, with the Tarnished being guided back to the Land Between. This is apparently where Elden Ring begins, with players taking on the role of a Tarnished.
Bandai Namco has revealed that players will "encounter adversaries with profound backgrounds, characters with their own unique motivations for helping or hindering your progress, and fearsome creatures" and that "players will choose the fate of this cursed land by unraveling its secrets and myths."
Elden Ring setting
Open-world action RPG Elden Ring is set to be FromSoftware's biggest game yet, with clear Norse mythology influences and gameplay similar to Dark Souls.
"However, that doesn't mean that it plays out in the same way," director Miyazaki told IGN. "With a more open and vast environment, the way combat plays out becomes fundamentally different."
A press release for Elden Ring states that the open-world RPG will feature "fantastical landscapes" and "shadowy complex dungeons that are connected seamlessly." Players will cross "grassy plains, suffocating swamps and lush forests" as they explore the Lands Between. In addition, on your quest to become the Elden Lord, you will "ascend spiraling mountains, enter breathtaking castles, and witness other sites of grandeur on a scale never seen before in a FromSoftware title."
Speaking with IGN, following Elden Ring's reveal, Hidetaka Miyazaki explained there are six distinct regions in the game, each ruled by a demigod that has "inherited the mad tainted power of the Elden Ring once it shattered". And while there's an "apparent" order to go through the regions, players aren't technically required to do so.
"We wanted to give a free level of progression and exploration through the Lands Between, so there's a lot of different ways," Miyazaki said. "You won't be able to access everything from the start, but there are a lot of different ways you can approach each area. And there's a lot of freedom as to which order you tackle different areas as well".
There's going to be a "hub" connecting these six regions, similar to how Firelink Shrine in Dark Souls served as a central connecting point for the different interconnecting pathways.
You'll be able to traverse the Lands Between on foot or on horseback, with an option to play online with up to three other players. In addition, the world features natural weather cycles and time-of-day progression as well as fast-travel.
Elden Ring gameplay and combat
Elden Ring will allow you to customize your character, rather than having a set protagonist.
Miyazaki told Xbox Wire that Elden Ring "puts more focus on RPG elements" than FromSoftware's Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, which Miyazaki described as having "a heavy focus on action".
"Of course, we are not shying away from the fun of responsive melee-based combat, and these elements will be present as well," Miyazaki said.
Elden Ring will let players experiment with a variety of weapons, magic and other skills found throughout the world, with an aim to giving you more control over your playstyle. It's up to players whether they want to go charging into battles or to take a more stealthy approach, with the option to call upon allies for aid also available – you can even summon the spirits of deceased enemies and use them as allies in battles. This choice also extends to exploration.
"Along with this new vast world, we have created a number of new action systems and game systems to enhance this, and to go hand-in-hand with the vast new world," Miyazaki told IGN. "For instance, the player can jump now, you can ride on horseback, and there's a number of new additions to combat, which just raise the level of freedom higher than our previous games. And it all matches with the sense of scale of the world itself."
Players will also be able to customize and craft items using resources found in the world – there will also be a stamina bar in the game, though this is set to have "less influence" than in previous titles from the developer. According to Miyazaki, there will also be more health resources available than in previous FromSoftware games as players will be "fighting for a longer time than before".
On the official Elden Ring page on Bandai Namco's website, the publisher explains the breadth of choice that will be available to players in terms of exploration and approaching combat. Apparently, it'll be possible to use the environment, the weather and even the time of day to your advantage in battle. Players will also be able to experiment with "dozens of skills" to find out what suits them best, use stealth to take enemies by surprise and master arcane spells.
"Ultimately," the page says, "your journey will be defined by the strength of your own ambition. The greater your goals, the greater the challenge will be."
Miyazaki has also emphasized that FromSoftware wants to retain a sense of progression and flow in Elden Ring – but confirmed that the title will feature permadeath. Speaking on how Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice's resurrection system helped the game retain a sense of rhythm, Miyazaki said:
"We have a couple of elements in Elden Ring, which come from a similar kind of breed. Something that will keep them going and keep them encouraged to explore further. But you won't be able to resurrect in this game."
Elden Ring news and rumors
We've rounded up all the biggest news and rumors surrounding Elden Ring, below:
In the "final stages of development"
Elden Ring's release date is fast approaching and signs are looking good that it won't be delayed. During a chat with Famitsu as part of Tokyo Game Show (via PCGamer), the game's producer Yasuhiro Kitao revealed that development is "moving forward quietly" and has entered the "final stages of development".
Kitao also revealed some other interesting tidbits about the game, including that it's got a "very unusual map structure" with things that players haven't seen in a FromSoftware game before. Apparently, there'll be no errand quests on the open map but it's "a system that lets you go anywhere you want, but also tells you when you're in trouble." To help find your way around, you'll also be able to collect map fragments which allow you to mark your way with a beam of light in the sky.
Gamescom screenshots
New screenshots from Elden Ring have been posted online following a behind-closed-doors gameplay screening during Gamescom 2021. Geoff Keighley posted the images to Twitter, giving a fresh look at mounted combat and some of the incredible creatures players will encounter in the game.
Surprise! Here are new images from @ELDENRING I promised #gamescom wasn't over yet…Earlier this week @fromsoftware_pr kindly showed me and a few others over 16 minutes of raw gameplay footage on PC. Game is on track for January 21, 2022 release. The Godrick boss fight 😯 pic.twitter.com/KgwC5U8te5August 27, 2021
Elden Ring Steam page appears
Elden Ring has appeared on Steam with its own page, confirming resolutely that the game won't be an Epic Games Store exclusive. Though it doesn't give much more away about the game —no system requirements just yet, unfortunately — it does describe the game's "multilayered story told in fragments" and the ability to "freely combine the weapons, armor, and magic that you equip" as well as the option to "develop your character according to your play style, such as increasing your muscle strength to become a strong warrior, or mastering magic."
The page also confirms the game's online multiplayer elements "where you can directly connect with other players and travel together" with an option to enjoy "a unique asynchronous online element that allows you to feel the presence of others."
Support for VR headset and PSVR controllers
The Elden Ring PlayStation Store listing states that the game is compatible with VR headsets and PSVR aim controllers, but specifies that it does not support PlayStation VR. So, while we know that Elden Ring won't release on PSVR any time soon, it does have compatibility with VR headsets, suggesting that the compatibility is there if FromSoftware wanted to bring the game to PC VR in the future.
Elden Ring PS Store Info #PS4 #PS5:✅ PS Plus required for online play✅ Supports up to 4 online players✅❗VR headset enabled ✅❗PS VR aim controller enabled https://t.co/Z8UNs46YK2 pic.twitter.com/9vDZzKmr9KAugust 6, 2021
"Very difficult but can be handled"
Elden Ring director Hidetaka Miyazaki has touched on the game's difficulty in a recent interview with Japanese magazine Famitsu (via GamesRadar). According to Miyazaki, FromSoftware is making the game difficult, as difficult as Dark Souls 3, while giving players a range of ways to overcome the difficulties, saying it's a game that's "very difficult, but it can be handled." This means there won't be traditional difficulty settings but players will find features that may help to mitigate difficulty, from character customisation, to co-op play, to greater freedom of choice in combat and exploration.
George R.R. Martin's work finished up years ago
George R.R. Martin has revealed that his role in the development of Elden Ring was actually done years ago. Speaking to WTTW News Chicago, the Game of Thrones creator said that, from him, FromSoftware "wanted a world created to set the game in."
"World building is a big factor in fantasy and science fiction," he explains, "You're not only talking characters and the plot, but the setting is almost as important as everything else: Tolkien's Middle-Earth, Robert E. Howard's Hyborian Age, the foundation universe of Isaac Asimov."
Martin says he "worked up a fairly detailed background for them" and that the developer "took it from there." As a result, his "work on it was actually done years ago. These games, they're like movies, they take a long time to develop."
After this, Martin only saw occasional glimpses of the game and says he is "as excited as anyone else to see it."
Extra materials
It's possible we could see spin-off Elden Ring material in the future, with Bandai Namco President Yasuo Miyakawa saying: "We will continue to develop Elden Ring not only as a game but also in a variety of other areas in order to deliver the worldview and charm of this title to our fans around the world."
A press release for Elden Ring states that you can explore the world "alone or online with friends", in addition, the release says that Elden Ring can be played with "1-4 players". It's unclear whether this multiplayer will take the same form as Bloodborne, where you can beckon other players to help you out or whether we'll be able to freely team up with friends.
Smart Delivery and free upgrade
Elden Ring supports Smart Delivery on Xbox consoles as well as a free upgrade to PS5 for players who purchase the PS4 version. Players who purchase the physical disc version of the game cannot upgrade on the PS5 Digital Edition, due to the lack of hard drive, while players who purchase the digital version for PS5 on the PlayStation Store can also download the PS4 at no additional cost. Those who buy the game once on either Xbox One or Xbox Series X/S, can play across both console generations.
What's with the name?
The name 'Elden Ring' is apparently a mysterious concept that defines the game world itself. One of the key themes of the action RPG is that the Elden Ring has been shattered, but it remains a mystery exactly what that means for the game's narrative.
George R.R. Martin has written the "overarching mythos"
Miyazaki revealed that the George R.R.Martin collaboration came about as the developer is a huge fan of Martin's work. This collaboration has resulted in Martin writing the "overarching mythos" of Elden Ring.
"The actual collaboration itself begun with Mr. Martin ever so politely confirming what sorts of themes, ideas as well as many game-related aspects I had envisioned for the game," Miyazaki told Xbox Wire. "This allowed us to have many free and creative conversations regarding the game, in which Mr. Martin later used as a base to write the overarching mythos for the game world itself.
"This mythos proved to be full of interesting characters and drama along with a plethora of mystical and mysterious elements as well. It was a wonderful source of stimulus for me and the development staff.
"Elden Ring's world was constructed using this mythos and stimulus as a base."
Development started after Dark Souls 3 DLC
In an interview with Xbox Wire, Miyazaki revealed that Elden Ring development began just after Dark Souls 3 DLC development has ended. The second and final Darks Souls DLC, The Ringed City, was released in 2017.
"At the time, Elden Ring was being planned as a more classic fantasy title compared to others that were either being considered or already in the early stages of development," Miyazaki said.
More variety than previous FromSoftware games
When asked by Xbox Wire whether Elden Ring will be as challenging as previous FromSoftware games, Miyazaki said:
"Yes, I do. The importance we place on the joy the player experiences through overcoming challenges will be the same as it is in our other titles. I believe it will prove to be a very satisfying experience.
"Earlier I had said that this title focuses more heavily on RPG elements. This title will include a wide variety of weapons, magic, and ways to engage enemies, that make it possible to provide users with a style of gameplay and strategy that suits them.
"Even when compared to the Dark Souls series, I believe this title will provide even more variety in the ways for players to overcome challenges and tweak their tactics when facing enemies."
Phil Spencer has played Elden Ring
Speaking to GameSpot, Xbox boss Phil Spencer revealed that he's been playing Elden Ring and thinks its Miyazaki's "most ambitious game" yet.
"As somebody who's played all of Miyazaki's games over at least the last decade, this is clearly the most ambitious game that he's done," Spencer said. "I mean, I love his games, but seeing some of the gameplay mechanics stuff that he's tackling, he and the team are tackling this time, of the setting, working with another creator in terms of story. I love it."
Biggest FromSoftware game yet
Speaking to Xbox Wire, Miyazaki explained that one of the big differences Elden Ring has from FromSoftware's previous titles is its sheer size.
"If I were to put aside the world full of fresh stimulus thanks to our collaboration with Mr. Martin, I would have to say the biggest difference is it being open world," Miyazaki said.
"Due to this, the scale of the world and its narrative, as well as the depth and freedom of exploration have increased dramatically. It is without a doubt our biggest title yet in terms of sheer volume."
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A woman identified as Annie (Furnas) Coyner sits for a portrait. She is has her hair in a braided bun. She is wearing a dark high-collared dress and small eyeglasses.
Wilna (Coyner) Ensley and woman with dog.
Two women in long dresses stand in the yard with a large dog. The younger woman on the right is identified as Wilna (Coyner) Ensley.
Wilna (Coyner) Ensley in a wagon.
A woman identified as Wilna (Coyner) Ensley sits in a small wagon in the yard.
Wilna (Coyner) Ensley and baby.
A woman identified as Wilna (Coyner) Ensley holds a baby while sitting on a wooden bench. The baby is standing in her lap.
A woman identified as Wilna (Coyner) Ensley holds a baby while sitting on a wooden bench. The baby is sitting in her lap.
Vincent Furnas, Wilna Coyner, and Lucile Furnas, 1890.
Three children identified as Vincent E. Furnas, Wilna Coyner, and Alice Lucile Furnas pose for a cabinet card in the summer of 1890.
Lucile A. Furnas and Wilna, circa 1904.
Lucile A. Furnas is seated in the chair and a woman identified as Wilna [Coyner Ensley] sits on the arm of the same chair. Lucile is looking up at Wilna.
Three women reading the Sunday Record Herald.
Three women are sitting on the lawn of a house reading a newspaper, the Chicago Sunday Record Herald. The woman on the left is Wilna Coyner Ensley and the woman in the middle is Lucile A. Furnas. They are all wearing dresses and have their hair up.
A woman identified as Wilna (Coyner) Ensley reclines in a striped hammock.
Wilna (Coyner) Ensley and two women on porch.
Three women sit in rocking chairs on a porch. They are all in long dresses and one is holding a newspaper. The woman on the far left is identified as Wilna (Coyner) Ensley.
A woman identified as Wilna (Coyner) Ensley sits in a swing bench on a porch holding a small baby.
Handwritten on verso: Left to right: 1. Chalmers Furnas, 2. Callista Fellows (Furnas), 3. Annie Coyner (Furnas), 4. Walton C. Furnas, Children of Joseph Furnas and Eunice Cook Furnas.
Chickens are feeding in the yard at Wilna Coyner Ensley's farmhouse. The family dog is in the yard. Title supplied by caption under photo.
The house, belonging to Wilna Coyner Ensley and probably located in Indianapolis, Indiana, is two stories tall and of wood construction. The front porch extends the length of the house. Title supplied by caption under photo.
A view of the houses along the street where Wilna Coyner Ensley lives, probably in Indianapolis, Indiana. All the houses are two stories tall and have front porches. A small dog is on the lawn of one house. The street is lined with trees.


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GOP more interested in money than country
The Republicans champion right-to-work legislation by claiming it will make Wisconsin more competitive.
However, they fail to mention their definition of being more competitive is workers should receive less pay and benefits.
Undermining workers wages and benefits has the ripple effect of undermining a society's economy. When people have less money to spend, they tend to purchase just the necessities.
An Oct. 14 article in the Wichita Eagle, "The Koch's Quest to Save America," offers a clue as to why Republicans will eventually fail.
The article is an interview of Charles Koch. In it, he said, in part, "you ask about Republicans, I think that's it, they don't have a fundamental philosophy on how to create a better society."
When the founding fathers united to fight for independence and write the Constitution, they probably hoped the ensuing generations of politicians would improve on what they had begun. Unfortunately, they were wrong about the Republicans.
The Republican Party's fundamental philosophy appears to be the exploitation and victimization of whomever and whatever they can. Their only concern appears to be how much of their god, the almighty dollar, goes into their pocket.
Gary L. Barnes, Suamico