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info@nationalroadpa.org
About the National Road
Maps & Attractions
Touch of History
Mid-1700
The antecedents to the National Road included buffalo trails, Native American foot paths, Washington's Road and Braddock's Road. The latter two were developed over a part of Nemacolin Trail, an Indian pathway, as part of the British campaigns to evict the French from the forks of the Ohio River. Visitors to the National Road can learn about this time period by visiting Fort Necessity National Battlefield. Fort Necessity is the site of the first battle of the French and Indian War (July 3, 1754) and the early military events that helped shape George Washington's character and abilities as a military leader. Not far from the fort, visitors can see Braddock's Grave and Jumonville Glen, site of the first conflict in the Fort Necessity campaign.
John Fraser becomes first white settler west of Alleghenies.
Thomas Cresap and Delaware Indian Chief Nemacolin lay out trail over Allegheny Mountains to Ohio Territory.
France and England rival claims to Ohio Territory reach a climax.
General Braddock killed in expedition against Fort Duquesne. (pic courtesy of www.nypl.org
On July 4th, the Declaration of Independence is ratified by the Second Continental Congress.
The United States Constitution is ratified.
George Washington inaugurated as the first President of the United States. The construction of a national road was George Washington's vision.
A tax on whiskey is passed by the Federal Government. (picture)www.nypl.org
The Whiskey Rebellion is the first test of federal authority in the United States.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, www.metmuseum.org, Gift of Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch, 1963
U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin succeeds in having inserted into the Ohio statehood bill a provision for the construction of a road from the eastern seaboard across the new state. Congress establishes a "2 percent fund" derived from the sale of public lands for the construction of roads through and to Ohio.
Gallatin's Road and Canal Report.Federal Highway Administration by Carl Rakeman
President Thomas Jefferson signs legislation establishing a national highway.
The Congress passes and President Thomas Jefferson signs enabling legislation to construct the nation's first multi-state, federally funded highway – the Cumberland Road (National Road). The legislation is nothing short of "revolutionary", in that it sets the precedent for all future, federal, public works projects.
Over 130 miles of wilderness is surveyed for the construction of the National Road, which is to have a right-of-way, 66 feet in width, and a maximum grade of five degrees (8.75%).
Gallatin's Road and Canal Report.
Federal Highway Administration by Carl Rakeman
Construction begins on the National Road
Stone mile markers are erected on the south side of the National Road at 5 mile intervals.
Construction of the National Road 1811 – 1830's
Road construction begins at Cumberland, Maryland. The base of the road is constructed of stone, with a gravel/sand surface. The road's surface measures 32 feet in width of which the center 20 feet is comprised of broken stones placed to a depth of 18 inches at the middle and 12 inches at the sides. The base's lower layer consists of broken stones passed through a seven inch ring. The upper layer is also broken stone passed through a three inch ring. The surface composition is gravel or sand compacted with a three ton roller.
Steamboats built in Brownsville transform to economy of the US
Traveling the new National Road
Uria Brown, upon traveling the new National Road writes, "The great Turnpike road is far superior to any of the Turnpike roads in Baltimore County for masterly workmanship, the bridges and culverts actually do credit to the executors to the same." (These structures include the Casselman River Bridge, Youghiogheny River Bridge, Turkey's Nest Bridge, and the S-Bridge.)
National Road Construction.
The Federal Government transfers ownership of the National Road to the states through which it passes. The National Road becomes known as the National Pike, as some of the states erect toll houses to collect fees from those using the Pike. In order to create a revenue stream for maintenance purposes , the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania constructs toll houses along its 90-mile segment. Six toll houses (15-mile intervals) in all were built, two of which are still standing today: Petersburg Toll House – Gate #1, in Addison, Somerset County and Searight Toll House, in Fayette County. The toll houses were in operation from 1835 to the turn of the 20th century.
Addison Toll House
One of the Toll Houses that are still standing today.
The United States Postmaster General Amos Kendall begins using the Pony Express on the National Road. Boys on horseback are used to deliver light mail in leather pouches. Each horse covers a distance of six miles average.
Library of Congress LC-USZC4-3266
Cast Iron Obelisk Markers
The stone markers are replaced with cast iron obelisk mile markers. The iron markers are cast in Brownsville at the Snowden Foundry and in Connellsville by Major James Francis. The Connellsville-produced markers are located along the North side of the National Road between Cumberland, Maryland and Brownsville, Pennsylvania . The markers fabricated in Brownsville are located on the North side of the National Road that town and Wheeling, (West) Virginia . The new mile markers are placed at one mile intervals and total 133 between Cumberland and Wheeling. Each marks the distances to Cumberland and to Wheeling as well as to the closest town. Construction of the National Road continues through Ohio, Indiana and Illinois during the 1830's, 1840's, and even into the 1850's.
Mail delivery to the "west" is reduced from weeks and months to days.
Federal Highway Administration by Carl Rakeman. Public domain.
Iron bridge in Brownsville.
These are the peak years for travel along the National Road. Taverns and inns such as Tomlinson's, Searights, the White Swan, the Red Eagle, the Black Horse, Hill's and Washington's, enjoy a brisk business. Stage lines such as the National Road Stage Company, also referred to as the Stockton Line, the Good Intent Line, the People's Line, the June Bug Line, and the Oyster Line transport many famous persons along the Nation's "Main Street" including Presidents and future Presidents, Monroe, Jackson, Polk, Taylor, Harrison, Fillmore, Van Buren, Buchanan and Lincoln as well as notables such as LaFayette, Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay, Sam Houston, Daniel Webster, Davy Crockett, Chief Blackhawk, Jenny Lind, and P.T. Barnum.
The dearth of traffic along the National Road is so severe that stage coach lines go out of business, inns and taverns are converted into private homes, commercial businesses disappear, and industrial activity declines. The National Road loses its "national" significance and becomes part of local road networks.
The first locomotive reaches the Ohio River.
Library of Congress LC-USZ62-50126
Andrew Jackson in a tavern.
Courtesy of Cornell University Library, Making of America Digital Collection.
The states traversed by the National Road no longer want the responsibility of maintaining the obsolete and unprofitable roadway. Instead, responsibility is relegated to the counties, which, for the most part, provide little or no maintenance. The historic road is simply neglected or abandoned. Working inns, taverns and stage lines are few and far between. The once busy National Road is a transportation "has been."
The Ford Model T is introduced and revolutionizes transportation
A new, cheap, and reliable form of transportation is invented in the mid-1880's… the "safety" bicycle. Due to deplorable road conditions, cyclists begin the Good Roads Movement and the League of America Wheelmen. The movement gains the support of farmers and the railroads. The National Road is on the verge of being rediscovered.
Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, and Harvey Firestone travel the National Road on one of their famous "Vagabond" camping trips
The Federal Highway Act of 1921 provides federal aid for the construction of interstate highways. The National Road is realigned and incorporated as part of one of the first new interstate highways, U.S. Route 40.
After AASHO approved the U.S. numbered highways in 1926, the new U.S. shields began to appear around the country.
Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpiece "Fallingwater" is completed, Revolutionizing modern architecture
The National Road now overlaid by US Route 40, is the busiest it has been since its heyday during the 1840's. Instead of Conestoga wagons, there are tractor-trailer trucks, stages are replaced by buses and horses are retired to pasture in lieu of the automobile. Inns and taverns are updated as restaurants, motels and hotels. The hustle and bustle of travel has returned to the Road.
1950 – Current
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 creates the limited-access interstate system. Interstate Highways 70 and 68 are constructed, and supercede U.S. Route 40 as the primary transportation routes through the region. U.S. Route 40 is bypassed and becomes a local, secondary, alternate, or, a scenic road. The National Road was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1976 and a State Heritage Park in 1994. Along the 90 miles of road in Pennsylvania, 79 sites have been deemed eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Of those, many have already been nominated.
Congress passes Federal Highway Act, building a new interstate Highway system and a new route to the west
River Towns: How the Three Rivers Transformed Western Pennsylvania
Rivers have always been the lifeblood of civilization. The three rivers in western Pennsylvania are no different. These rivers are the reason the city of Pittsburgh and the surrounding towns exist as they do today and are vital natural and economic resources for people and businesses in our region. Through the centuries, the Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio Rivers have served very different purposes and have even been the sites of many important events in American history. From the Native American tribes to revolutionary battles to giant floating ducks, these waterways have seen it all.
Early Americans
Humans have inhabited western Pennsylvania for at least 16,000 years. Meadowcroft Rockshelter, the oldest site of human habitation in North America, is located in Avella, Washington County along a tributary of the Ohio River. Around 800 B.C., the Adena culture created ancient burial mounds in the McKees Rocks region, just 5 miles from the Ohio River. By the time Europeans arrived in the "New World," Native American cultures including Iroquois, Lenape, Seneca and Shawnee were well established in this part of the state.
European Settlers
The first Europeans to settle in western Pennsylvania were the French. They saw the confluence of the Allegheny as prime real estate because they provided easy transportation and potential trade routes. Concerned that the French were getting a foothold in the region, the British sent George Washington to warn the French to give up the land. This land near the rivers became the focus of the French & Indian War, a clash of French, Native American, and British cultures that resulted in the establishment of Fort Pitt. You can learn more about this time period and the battles that took place by visiting the Fort Necessity National Battlefield along the National Road – the site of the first battle of that 7 year war, which took place on July 3, 1754.
The Port of Pittsburgh
In the decades following the revolution, western Pennsylvania earned the nickname "The Gateway to the West." As a west-flowing river, the Ohio River became an incredible asset to pioneers traveling to the frontier and subsequently, boat-building became a huge industry in the region. Brownsville, a town along the National Road that sits on the Monongahela River became a leader in the steamboat building industry, which helped transform the U.S. economy. This along with the region's abundant natural resources, like steel and coal, led to the industrial powerhouse that it became in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Modern Recreation
Today, the three rivers still play a key role for business and transportation of materials in the region. In recent years, legislators, federal and state agencies, and non profit conservation organizations have begun concentrated efforts to improve the condition of these waterways with clean ups and enforcement. At the local level municipalities have recognized the value of the riverfront and have undertaken beautification projects to enhance the recreational appeal. The results – the rivers are now popular places for canoes, kayaks, motor boats, and jet skis. Many of the region's tributaries, while too shallow for motorized boats, also provide tranquil opportunities for paddling.
Celebrate the beautiful history of western Pennsylvania's river towns this spring at Come Down to the River and Play, an upcoming event along the Monongahela River sponsored by the National Road Heritage Corridor and our partner, the River Town Program. You can also sign up for the Mon River Spring Paddle, which will include paddling safety instructions, interpretation of historic sites and industrial artifacts seen on and near the river, a side trip on Ten Mile Creek, and lunch.
Building the Sheepskin Trail
The National Road Heritage Corridor's work includes efforts to develop a rich tourism infrastructure that will support the growth and sustainability of that industry, a strong economic driver in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Since beginning operations in 1995, the NRHC has delivered over $13 million in state, federal and private grant funds as well as additional leveraged investments in the region. One of our current projects is the development of the Sheepskin Trail, a 34-mile recreational amenity in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
As you can see from the map above, the Sheepskin Trail extends from Dunbar Borough down to Point Marion Borough, serving as the missing link that will connect the Great Allegheny Passage, and the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail with the WV Mon River Rail-Trail System. The completed trail will offer alternative transportation options for community residents, allowing them to enjoy safe walking and biking paths to school, work, shopping and community parks. It will also allow visitors and residents to experience the outdoor recreation, including fishing and cross country skiing.
About the Trail
The Sheepskin Trail is known as a "rail-trail." According to the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, "Rail-trails are multi-purpose public paths created from abandoned railroad corridors. Flat or following a gentle grade, they traverse urban, suburban and rural America." Today, this network consists of more than 10,000 miles of rail-trails across the country. By converting these abandoned industrial rail lines into walk-able, bike-able, and equestrian-oriented trails, we can help link people to parks and the countryside from where they live and work.
This particular rail and future rail-trail was built in the 1890s and served as the Pittsburgh branch of the B&O Railroad. It got its nickname from the older railroaders, who called it the "Sheepskin Line," because when it first opened the sound of the trains would scatter sheep for miles. The disgruntled herders would then exclaim, "Darn Sheepskinners!" and the name stuck.
The lines were built to meet the needs of the region's once booming coal and coke industry. In fact, the rail service opened the southern end of the Connellsville Coke Region. Along the proposed trail, travelers will be able to see the remnants of the coke ovens along the route including: Cheat River Coke Works, Ada's Bottom Coke Works, Atchison Coke Works, and Shoaf.
This completed trail system is the key to unlock an abundance of recreational, cultural, and heritage opportunities. Travelers will have the opportunity to hike, bike, fish, and paddle, while discovering the rich industrial and historic heritage of Southwestern, Pennsylvania. Below are some of the community benefits and positive effects that the Sheepskin
Trail will have on the region:
Livability: Residents will have alternate transportation options to travel to work or school. They will also have access to more outdoor activities through safe and enjoyable access to the walking and biking paths and waterways.
Community Development: The trail will connect small "patch towns" and suburbs to the outdoors, connecting the community as a whole and building pride within the region.
Land Conservation: The Sheepskin Trail and the lands surrounding it will contribute to the preservation and conservation of green space as well as essential woodlands that support the area's wildlife. The trail will also serve as a significant greenway in our region, linking the Youghiogheny, Monongahela, and Cheat River watersheds.
Heritage, History, and Culture: The development of the trail will reveal many of the rich historical and environmental assets of Southwestern Pennsylvania. This will convey the value of these resources, encouraging their preservation and conservation.
Economic Impact: In 2008, after the completion of the Great Allegheny Passage, trail users contributed $40,677,299 to the businesses operating on or around the trail. The Sheepskin Trail has the potential to open to door for similar positive economic impacts by attracting new residents and businesses who want to live, work, play and prosper in this region.
The National Road Heritage Corridor is committed to connecting communities and supporting economic development in Southwestern Pennsylvania. By unlocking this vital community resource, we open the door for endless opportunities for residents and visitors to connect with nature and history and to reap the vast economic benefits the trail will offer. To help make this dream a reality, see how you can become a Friend of the Road.
America's Road to Revolution: The Jumonville Affair, Part 2
Tensions were high in the spring of 1754. Rival claims to the vast territory between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi approached a climax between the British and the French. After being asked to help defend the English fort on the Ohio River, Lieutenant Colonel George Washington had finally reached western Pennsylvania:
By late May of 1754, Washington and his troops had at last reached a large, natural clearing known as the Great Meadows, which eventually became Fort Necessity National Battlefield. There, they made their base camp. Soon after their arrival, Washington received the news that a party of French soldiers was camped quite close to their position. Not knowing what the their intentions were, Washington decided to lead a contact mission himself.
On the night of May 27th, 1754, Washington and about forty of his men began their march to confront the French. All night, they marched, travelling through woods so dark that the men could hardly see the trail. Around dawn, Lieutenant Colonel Washington met with the Seneca chief, named Tanacharison, or Half King. Together, they made plans to contact the French. Because the French commander had not posted sentries, Washington and his men easily surrounded the unsuspecting French.
Then suddenly, a shot was fired. To this day, it isn't certain who fired that first shot, but soon the glen was filled with the crash of musketry. The small skirmish lasted about 15 minutes, but by the time it ended, only one of Washington's men was killed and two others wounded, but thirteen of the Frenchmen were dead and twenty-one had been captured. One Frenchman did escape and eventually found his way back to Fort Duquesne to inform others of the affair.
The skirmish became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen or the Jumonville Affair, and the area was named after Ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, the leader of the French detachment who was killed during the battle. The French survivors claimed they had been attacked without cause by Washington. Following the battle, Washington returned to the Great Meadows and pushed onward the construction of a fort, which they called Fort Necessity.
The conflict soon led to the rest of the Fort Necessity campaign, including the Battle of Fort Necessity, and ultimately to the French & Indian War as well as the Revolutionary War.
You can learn more about this Battle and the entire campaign by visiting Fort Necessity National Battlefield, which is now a National Park. Explore their website to learn more and start planning your visit today!
4 Places to Visit in PA This Spring Along the National Road
Spring is the perfect season to explore the magnificent beauty of the great outdoors. The rolling hills and mountains in southwestern Pennsylvania create some of the most picturesque views this time of year. Combined with the historical and cultural resources found along the Historic National Road, the landscapes of the keystone state make this region ideal for exploration during the warm months ahead.
Discover the history, natural beauty, and culture of Southwestern Pennsylvania while enjoying the sunshine this season by visiting these incredible sites along the Historic National Road:
Youghiogheny River Lake
Whether you are seeking and area for a family camping trip or a lake for boating and fishing, the Youghiogheny River Lake will serve as a perfect destination. In the heart of the Laurel Highlands, this beautiful body of water is a 16-mile flood control reservoir often considered the best powerboat and water-skiing lake in southwestern Pennsylvania. The tail waters of the nearby Youghiogheny Dam are ideal for trout fishing because they are are stocked by the Fish and Boat Commission frequently throughout the spring and summer.
Click here for visitor information for Youghiogheny River Lake.
Fort Necessity National Battlefield
In the summer of 1754, the Battle of Fort Necessity sparked the French & Indian War. Fort Necessity National Battlefield commemorates this opening battle, in which Colonel George Washington surrendered to the French. This site is a National Park and arguably one of the most important historical areas in western Pennsylvania, making it a fantastic destination to explore the history of this region. Nearby, you can also visit Braddock's Grave and Jumonville Glen for added outdoor sightseeing.
The main unit contains the battlefield with the reconstructed fort, the Mount Washington Tavern, and the Fort Necessity and National Road Interpretive and Education Center, featuring history detailing history from Washington's first trip over the Alleghenies to the creation of the National Road itself.
Click here to plan your visit to Fort Necessity National Battlefield.
Fayette County features the stunning Ohiopyle State Park, one of the largest state parks in Pennsylvania. Its beautiful scenery and multitude of outdoor activities make it one of the most popular state parks in America. The site spans over 19,000 acres and features outdoor activities like whitewater rafting, mountain biking, hiking, and fishing. Surrounded by historical sites along the National Road, this park makes the ideal location for a family vacation with options for lodging and camping.
After many years of planning and hard work, the new Ohiopyle State Park Office/ Laurel Highlands Falls Area Visitor Center will have its grand opening this June. The Center provides visitors a window into the history, heritage and geology that further defines the importance of the region. Spectacularly designed interpretive elements by the 106 Group and built by Blue Rhino Studios, will provide an interesting and immersive experience!
Click here to learn more about Ohiopyle State Park and to plan your trip.
Laurel Caverns Park
On those warmer spring days, you can enjoy the beauty of nature under the cool shelter of the brilliantly beautiful Laurel Caverns. This geological park features the largest natural cave in Pennsylvania. The ceilings in the three mile labyrinth are between ten and fifty feet in height. It is also the largest natural bat hibernaculum in the state. To preserve the habitat, the site is closed November through April, so spring is its opening season.
The park hosts guided tours of the caverns, but for the more adventurous, spelunking and cave rappelling are also available.
Click here to plan your visit and to learn more about the Laurel Caverns.
Use this spring season to take advantage of everything that southwestern Pennsylvania has to offer and don't stop after these locations. Click here to plan a more in depth tour of the incredible destinations along our state's Historic National Road.
Become a Friend of the Road
Email Us: info@nationalroadpa.org
National Road Heritage Corridor
65 West Main Street, Suite 103
Uniontown, PA 15401
© 2017 Pennsylvania's Historic National Road. All Rights Reserved.


PCOS is very common, occurring in about 15-20% of the female population in the reproductive age group. It is more prevalent among Asian and Mediterranean women.
Polycystic ovaries contain a large number of harmless follicles that are up to 8mm (approximately 0.3 inch) in size.
While it is not certain if women are born with this condition, PCOS seems to run in families. This means that something that induces the condition is inheritable, and therefore influenced by one or more genes.
The basic problem is that the ovaries are producing too much of the male hormones, androgens.
PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. Many women discover they have PCOS when they're trying to get pregnant and are unsuccessful.
If you have PCOS and you are overweight, losing weight and eating a healthy, balanced diet can make some symptoms better.
Clomid tablets are used to make women who have PCO ovulate if they have subfertility and lack of ovulation is the only underlying reason.
This involves using heat or a laser to destroy the tissue in the ovaries that is producing androgens, such as testosterone.


na Nagara. , Aimkamon (2546) The Study of customer satisfaction towards the event marketing at Amornphant Villa Resort / Aimkamon na Nagara. Masters thesis, The University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce.
This list was generated on Tue Apr 23 08:58:12 2019 ICT.


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The 'Red Rain' Mystery: Showers of Alien Life?
From July 25 through September 23, 2001, red rain sporadically fell on the southern Indian state of Kerala. Heavy downpours occurred in which the rain was coloured red, staining clothes with an appearance similar to that of blood. Yellow, green, and black rain was also reported. Colored rain had been reported in Kerala in as early as 1896 and several times since then.
It was initially announced that the rains were coloured by fallout from a hypothetical meteor burst, but a study commissioned by the Government of India found that the rains had been coloured by airborne spores from a locally prolific terrestrial alga. Other explanations were proposed but not until early 2006 did the colored rains of Kerala gain widespread attention in the popular media. A controversial conjecture that the colored particles were extraterrestrial cells was proposed by Godfrey Louis and Santhosh Kumar of the Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam.
For years, claims circulated that red rain which fell in India in 2001, contained cells unlike any found on Earth. Newer evidence that these cells can reproduce was published by MIT in the Technology Review.
While this is certainly not a mainstream idea in science, a growing body of evidence suggests that it should be carefully studied rather than casually disregarded.
For example, various bugs have been shown to survive for months or even years in the harsh conditions of space. And one of the more interesting but lesser known facts about the Mars meteorite that some scientists believe holds evidence of life on Mars, is that its interior never rose above 50 degrees centigrade, despite being blasted from the Martian surface by an meteor impact and surviving a fiery a descent through Earth's thick atmosphere.
If there is life up there, this evidence suggests that it could survive the trip to Earth.
All that seems well established. Now for the really controversial stuff.
In 2001, numerous people observed red rain falling over Kerala in the southern tip of India during a two month period. One of them was Godfrey Louis, a physicist at nearby Cochin University of Science and Technology. Intrigued by this phenomena, Louis collected numerous samples of red rain, determined to find out what was causing the contamination, perhaps sand or dust from some distant desert.
Under a microscope, however, he found no evidence of sand or dust. Instead, the rain water was filled with red cells that look remarkably like conventional bugs on Earth. What was strange was that Louis found no evidence of DNA in these cells which would rule out most kinds of known biological cells (red blood cells are one possibility but ought to be destroyed quickly by rain water).
Louis published his results in the peer-reviewed journal Astrophysics and Space in 2006, along with the tentative suggestion that the cells could be extraterrestrial, perhaps from a comet that had disintegrated in the upper atmosphere and then seeded clouds as the cells floated down to Earth. In fact, Louis says there were reports in the region of a sonic boom-type noise at the time, which could have been caused by the disintegration of an object in the upper atmosphere.
Since then, Louis has continued to study the cells with an international team including Chandra Wickramasinghe from the University of Cardiff in the UK and one of the leading proponents of the panspermia theory, which he developed in the latter half of the 20th century with the remarkable physicist Fred Hoyle.
Louis, Wickramasinghe and others published some extraordinary claims about these red cells. They say that the cells clearly reproduce at a temperature of 121 degrees C. "Under these conditions daughter cells appear within the original mother cells and the number of cells in the samples increases with length of exposure to 121 degrees C," they say. By contrast, the cells are inert at room temperature.
That makes them highly unusual, to say the least. The spores of some extremophiles can survive these kinds of temperatures and then reproduce at lower temperatures but nothing behaves like this at these temperatures, as far as we know.
This is an extraordinary claim that will need to be independently verified before it will be more broadly accepted.
And of course, this behaviour does not suggest an extraterrestrial origin for these cells, by any means.
However, Wickramasinghe and company can't resist hinting at such an exotic explanation. They've examined the way these fluoresce when bombarded with light and say it is remarkably similar to various unexplained emission spectra seen in various parts of the galaxy. One such place is the Red Rectangle, a cloud of dust and gas around a young star in the Monocerous constellation.
It would be fair to say that more evidence will be required before Kerala's red rain can be satisfactorily explained. In the meantime, it looks a fascinating mystery.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle have also used their data to argue in favor of intelligent design, and propose that the first life on Earth began in space, spreading through the universe via Panspermia, and that evolution on earth is influenced by a steady influx of viruses arriving via comets.
In their 2010 paper they concluded:
"Once again the Universe gives the appearance of being biologically constructed, and on this occasion on a truly vast scale. Once again those who consider such thoughts to be too outlandish to be taken seriously will continue to do so. While we ourselves shall continue to take the view that those who believe they can match the complexities of the Universe by simple experiments in their laboratories will continue to be disappointed."
Click for video: Real Alien Sighting? or Act of God - Part 1
NOTE: The 'Red Rain of Southern India' anomaly remains a mystery. The living cells in the rain had strange properties and some considered it extraterrestrial. Conventional wisdom suggests that it was nothing more than a type of red algae...though it could not be proven either way. Panspermia is the idea that life exists throughout the universe in comets, asteroids and interstellar dust clouds and that life of Earth was seeded from one or more of these sources. Panspermia holds that we are all extraterrestrials. The Panspermia Theory is valid in my opinion but I'm not sure it comes into play in this case...Lon
RED RAIN IN KERALA: A strange phenomenon
The Heck Hypothesis
mental_floss: The Book: The Greatest Lists in the History of Listory
Labels: alien life , extraterrestrial , genetics , India , panspermia theory
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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How König Galerie Encapsulates Major Art Market Trends Today
MISA #3, Cross Over, Installation view, St. Agnes, Berlin, 2021. Photo by Roman Maerz. Image courtesy of misa.art.
MISA #3, NFT, Installation view, St. Agnes, Berlin, 2021. Photo by Roman Maerz. Image courtesy of misa.art.
MISA #3, East German Art, Installation view, St. Agnes, Berlin, 2021. Photo by Roman Maerz. Image courtesy of misa.art.
MISA #3, Ultra Contemporary, Installation view, St. Agnes, Berlin, 2021. Photo by Roman Maerz. Image courtesy of misa.art.
MISA #3, Photography & Works on Paper, Installation view, St. Agnes, Berlin, 2021. Photo by Roman Maerz. Image courtesy of misa.art.
Berlin-based König Galerie is highly indicative of contemporary art market trends such as traditional art businesses adapting each other's sales strategies and the growing digital art market. But does it paint the true picture of an interdependent and struggling art ecosystem?
IMAGES: Courtesy of König Galerie
The technological awakening and "blobification" of the art market have become two noteworthy industry trends of late, seemingly accelerated by the ongoing pandemic. In fact, Berlin's König Galerie makes a strong case for the increasingly blurred lines between art galleries, auction houses and art fairs, as well as the growing importance of the digital art market.
In the month of August this year, the gallery, founded in 2002, opened the third edition of its in-house art fair, MISA, at its usual exhibition space in St. Agnes, Berlin, a converted Brutalist church.
The physical fair, running from 10 to 22 August, presents 500 works of art by more than 300 artists from both the primary and secondary art market in thematic booths that provide art historical context over 70 years. The curated booths focus on Post War, Pop Art, African Art, East German Art, Cross-Over, Post Internet, Ultra Contemporary, NFT and more. This includes works by recognisable names like Robert Longo, Martin Kippenberger and contemporary artists such as Johanna Dumet, Denise Rudolf Frank, and Fabian Warnsing.
An event that started during the pandemic, the last two editions each attracted more than visitors, according to the gallery. Most interestingly, the latest revamped edition is helmed by Lena Winter, former Head of Contemporary Art at German auction house Ketterer Kunst.
Responding to CoBo Social's email queries, Winter said, "In contrast to traditional art fairs, we don't have exhibitors but offer artists, collectors and gallery owners likewise a platform to sell art."
In yet another sign of galleries adopting strategies of other types of art businesses, König Galerie tried its hand at an online auction earlier this year. The exhibition titled "THE ARTIST IS ONLINE" had a physical show and a complementary exhibition on Decentraland, a virtual reality platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain, and more than 30 digital artworks available for purchase as NFTs.
Increasingly aware of the art market's digital awakening, this month, on 10 August, König Galerie also launched misa.art, an online marketplace presenting emerging and established artists across traditional and digital art, including NFTs.
Responding to us via email, Johann König, founder of the eponymous gallery, shared that the idea of misa.art grew during the pandemic when all art fairs were cancelled, and everything moved online. "It became clear that the digital sphere is sort of an unexplored area with a huge untapped potential," he said.
König, known as one of Germany's major art dealers and hailing from "art world aristocracy", also explained how the online platform was an organic offshoot of the in-house fair itself.
"Not only in the art industry, but dealers also usually ask themselves in a positive sense who is interested in which goods and how can you reach new audiences. It was from this reverse approach that I initiated the fair in St. Agnes, short MISA, and put the above question at the centre of all further developments in this format, which is now in its third edition. The online art marketplace misa.art was just the logical consequence," he said.
Described as part of a growing cohort of art dealers "testing out secondary market endeavors of their own", König is also not alone in his foray into the online marketplace amongst big name gallerists. During the month of May, blue-chip powerhouse David Zwirner launched Platform, a new click-to-buy e-commerce platform for discovering and buying art, showcasing work by artists from leading independent galleries around the world.
When asked about the difference between misa.art and other such digital platforms, König said, "One of the most distinctive features of misa.art is that artworks from the primary and secondary market are available. Moreover, we present traditional works beside digital works like NFTs."
"An absolute novelty are the integrated artists rankings by Artfacts as well as complex AI-supported price validations. Works on offer are permanently live and won't be changed every couple of weeks. Moreover, misa.art is complemented with various offline events about the art market," he added.
König Galerie is clearly representative of current market trends such as the expanding digital art market, "blobification" of traditional roles in the art industry, and even the growing international interest in the Asia art market, with its new Seoul outpost on the heels of a temporary space in Tokyo. But the gallery's rise is also indicative that such diversification and expansion is mostly enjoyed by mega galleries.
In fact, König's brother Leo, also an art dealer, closed a mid-size New York gallery he used to run with his ex-wife Margaret Liu Clinton shortly before the pandemic. They were not the only ones. Around the same time, there was a slew of mid-size galleries in the US shutting their doors or changing their business models.
In her exit interview last year, Clinton shared the reasons behind the gallery's closure, citing the rise of the highly mobile collector living in various cities with less interest in supporting an individual local art scene, as well as the dominance of art fairs which hinders the understanding that galleries, museums, and artists exist in an interdependent ecosystem.
Even König himself admitted that "to make art accessible everywhere for everyone…much more transparency is needed."
He envisions misa.art and further offerings as the "first step in that direction but I want to provide even more knowledge and information about art, artists and the art market in the future."
#art fair#Art Market#European Art#Johann König#König Galerie#MISA#misa.art#NFT#Reena Devi


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NEWS IAEG_BNG BANGLADESH NATIONAL GROUP 2018
The first IAEG_BNG NATIONAL EVENT 2018 was held at Jahangirnagar University, on April , 2018. Several activities were organized. The event started on the 24th April, 2018 with events for the students, including "Geo-engineering Quiz Competition, documentary and video shows and a students' rally on geo-engineering issues, highlighting the problems and issues of engineering geology and solutions for sustainable development of Bangladesh which was organized jointly by Bangladesh National Group of IAEG & "Young Engineering Geology Students' Forum of Bangladesh_JU (YEGSFB-JU). Best participants of the Quiz Competition were awarded. Scientific session was mainly focused on the key issues related with "Geological Engineering, Geo-hazards & Development" of Bangladesh. The inaugural session had started with the welcome speech of IAEG_Bangladesh National Group President--Prof.Dr. A.T.M. Shakhawat Hossain. Vice Chancellor of Jahangirnagar University, Professor Dr. Farzana Islam, was present as the Chief Guest. The dean of the Faculty of "Mathematical and Physical Sciences"- Prof.Dr.Ajit Kumar Majumder, the Director General of the Geological Survey of Bangladesh--Dr.Reshad Md. Ekram Ali & Professor Dr. M. Qumrul Hassan, Professor of Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, were also present as special guests. More than 200 participants, including geoscientists from different National organizations, academics, engineers, policy makers and YEGSFB-JU attended this event at JU. Learned speakers from USA and Bangladesh presented their technical papers in three technical sessions and highlighted the current problems and solutions in geological engineering professional works, site investigations, climate resilient housing for sustainable development of Bangladesh, Climate change impacts at macro and micro levels, challenges and issues of sustainable water resource management of Bangladesh, 3D geological modeling and its importance for sustainable urban development, challenges and issues in managing landslide hazards of Bangladesh and importance of developing an early warning system for Bangladesh. Important construction issues on the construction of Rooppur Nuclear power plant and geotechnical issues on Land development and reclamation of Martarbari Ultra super critical coal fired power plant papers are presented. All the participants acknowledged the importance of geological engineering for future development of Bangladesh. Bangladesh National Group is also working for societal and sustainable development. IAEG_BNG and Department of Geological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University had the pleasure to welcome distinguished Professors from Japan including Prof. Dr. Taiichi Hayashi from Kyoto University, Prof. Toru Terao from Kagawa University, Dr. F. Fumie Murata from Kochi University and Dr. Y. Yusuke Yamane from Tokoha University Japan. IAEG_BNG would like to express sincere thanks to all visitors from Japan. IAEG_BNG National Group also organized two seminars on the 6th September & 26th Nov. 2018 at the Department of Geological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University. Mr.Newaz Khalis Ahmed, Consultant Geologist from Stantec Limited, Calgary Canada presented a talk and highlighted the importance of Geoscience Education and Carriers of Geoscientists in Canada for the future Young professionals of Bangladesh. On the 26th Nov. 2018 Civil Engineer Dr, S.I.Khan, Former UN Environmental Consultant presented an informative talk on poverty alleviation using geo-engineering.


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Gigi Hadid's Personal Makeup Artist Just Landed a Major Gig at Maybelline
World, meet Erin Parsons
By Courtney Downey
@erinparsonsmakeup/Instagram
The name Erin Parsons might not ring a bell (yet), but her handiwork is likely all over your Instagram feed. The seasoned pro is Gigi Hadid's personal makeup artist and her A-list client has just helped her score a major gig at Maybelline. In her new role as global makeup artist for the beauty giant, Parsons will oversee all of Maybelline's campaigns with Gigi, who's been a spokesmodel since 2015, as well as its other official faces. In addition, she'll be tasked with signing off on Maybelline's marketing materials and looks for runway shows at New York Fashion Week.
Before flying solo as a makeup professional, Parsons spent her formative years learning under Pat McGrath. Speaking in an exclusive interview with WWD today, she recalled her lifelong obsession with cosmetics which landed her in hot water as a teen in her native Ohio: "I grew up in a poor, strict household, but I was obsessed with makeup and how it made me feel—I loved seeing Christy Turlington with her perfect brows and lipstick, and I wanted all of that. I literally got caught stealing Great Lash mascara when I was a kid—and I've already told the president of Maybelline this—and now I'm the global makeup artist."
There's no word on what Parsons first move at the brand will be, but she stated in the same WWD interview that she hopes it will lead to the development of new beauty products further down the line.
A post shared by Erin Parsons (@erinparsonsmakeup)
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It is situated on the Seine River, in the north of the country, at the heart of the Île-de-France region. Within its administrative limits, the city had 2,234,105 inhabitants in 2009 while its metropolitan area is one of the largest population centres in Europe with more than 12 million inhabitants.
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Friday5: Kacey Musgraves, Beck, Father John Misty & More
After some groundbreaking, female-dominating wins at this year's Grammy Awards, women continue to lead the way in this week's top music news. A quick recap of Music's Biggest Night proves that point, with top awards going to Kacey Musgraves, Lady Gaga, and more. Meanwhile, a few female icons — one in pop, the other in rock — announce big summer tours. But this doesn't mean men aren't stepping it up, too, with some major singer-songwriters making their way back to the road as well.
1. Kacey Musgraves, Cardi B, and Lady Gaga Dominate the Grammys
From @LadyGaga's "Shallow" to @danandshay's "Tequila" and @travisscott's "Can't Say," this year's performances at the @recordingacademy's #GRAMMYs were 🔥 – Get tickets now to see these artists live. Link in bio. – 📷🔁: @rollingstone + @recordingacademy
A post shared by Ticketmaster (@ticketmaster) on Feb 12, 2019 at 11:23am PST
This year's Grammy Awards brought plenty of powerful performances (especially from host Alicia Keys), as well as a few surprises along the way. Women proved to dominate the show, starting with an appearance by Michelle Obama, who was joined onstage by Keys, Lady Gaga, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Jennifer Lopez. Country star Kacey Musgraves nabbed four awards, including Album of the Year for Golden Hour, as Cardi B became the first female solo artist to win Best Rap Album. Meanwhile, Dua Lipa took home Best New Artist, while Lady Gaga continued to collect more trophies, this time for Best Pop Solo Performance for "Joanne" and Best Song Written for Visual Media with "Shallow." Fortunately, there are many opportunities to catch several of the winners and nominees on tour this year.
2. J.Lo's Birthday Bash(es)
We are so much more powerful together.
A post shared by Jennifer Lopez (@jlo) on Feb 11, 2019 at 10:53am PST
International powerhouse Jennifer Lopez has just announced her first tour in six years, and it's all to celebrate her 50th birthday on July 24. She'll be bringing her party to 24 cities across North America this summer, and inviting along some surprise guests from her hit NBC dance show World of Dance. Expect all of the hits — from her 1999 debut to today — and some spectacular choreography and costume changes as well. J.Lo's It's My Party: The Live Celebration Tour begins June 7 in Phoenix, Arizona, and closes out on July 26 in Miami, Florida. Tickets go on sale soon.
3. Heart Brings the Love Back to the Road
The moment you've been waiting for is here! TOUR ANNOUNCEMENT! Fanclub tickets presale date: Feb 12 – 10am local time to Feb 14 10pm local time Citi Card Presale: Feb 13 – 10am local time to Feb 14 10pm local time Valentine's Day Presale: Feb 14 -10am Local to Feb 14 10pm Local – Password: LOVEALIVE Public Onsale date: Feb 15 – 10am local time for all tourdates For more info, go to www.heart-music.com! #lovealive2019 #heart
A post shared by Heart (@heartofficial) on Feb 11, 2019 at 6:00am PST
Ann and Nancy Wilson are bringing Heart back to the road this summer for their Love Alive tour. Along the way, the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame heroes will be joined by a stellar group of fellow rockers, including Joan Jett & The Blackhearts, Sheryl Crow, Brandi Carlile, Elle King, and Lucie Silvas. The tour will kick off on July 9 in St. Louis, Missouri, and wrap up in Hollywood on September 9. Tickets are on sale as of today.
4. Beck and Cage the Elephant Will Rock Your Summer
Announcing the The Night Running Tour with @cagetheelephant and @spoontheband !! Link in bio to full list of shows. . With special guests @starcrawler, @wildbelle and @sunflowerbean joining throughout the tour. . Tickets on sale Friday, Feb. 15 at 10am local time. . #thenightrunningtour #beck #cagetheelephant #spoon #starcrawler #wildbelle #sunflowerbean
A post shared by Beck (@beck) on Feb 11, 2019 at 7:00am PST
Fresh off his Grammy win for Best Alternative Album, alt-rock veteran Beck will join Cage the Elephant — whose upcoming album Social Cues features a collaboration with the "Loser" star — for a co-headlining North American tour this summer. Austin greats Spoon are also on the bill, while Starcrawler, Wild Belle, and Sunflower Bean will appear at select dates. The tour launches in Ridgefield, Washington, on July 11, before closing out in West Palm Beach, Florida, on August 30. Tickets go on sale Saturday, February 16.
5. Father John Misty & Jason Isbell Join Forces
Another exciting co-headlining tour has our attention, this one led by fiery singer-songwriter Father John Misty and Grammy Award–winning Americana star Jason Isbell with his band The 400 Unit. Here's hoping the pair come together to perform FJM's "Mr. Tillman," in which he name-checks Isbell himself. The tour will be a quick one, starting June 6 in San Diego, California, and ending in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on June 29. Tickets go on sale today for select dates.


Discussion in 'Acromegaly / IAA / Cushings Cats' started by Mary Ann & Baby, Oct 5, 2018.
I'm really sad. Not that I didn't suspect it, but Baby's results came back positive for both acromegaly and IAA. Her IGF-1 was 347 and her IAA was 83%.
Sorry for the results. Give Baby a little kiss from me, she is still the same sweet cat she was before diagnosis. But now you have a diagnosis, we can find a path forward.
Did your vet have any suggestions? Probably time for a cabergoline discussion and even ask if they have heard of Levemir. Sometimes the change in insulins can have an impact on the antibodies, and allow you to get ahead of them for a bit.
For the moment, I would increase by 0.5 units every six cycles, until you see blue. You might even increase every six cycles with a high blue too. It'd help us if you do daily posts, so we can track and help where possible. At some point, 10 units total dose, we would suggest larger increases.
Mary Ann & Baby and Ana & Frosty (GA) like this.
With those higher insulin doses, Acro is always a strong possibility. I'm sorry to hear it.
Baby's insulin demand seems to have progressed fairly quickly from 1 unit to 8 units. Leo had a similar fast rise with insulin demand, leading to his Acro diagnosis then SRT.
Agree with Wendy - it is important to give Baby a break from those high numbers by striving for some time in the blue region, if only for nadirs.
I would increase by 0.5 units every six cycles, until you see blue.
I should have added, even with blue nadirs you would still increase, you just might slow down the increases. With the antibodies, it's wise to stay ahead of them. Green nadirs should be your goal.
I brought up both Levemir and Cabergoline with my vet. She had heard of the Lev, but not the Cabergoline and said she would discuss both with the IM doctor and get back to me soon. She also talked again about possibly adding R. She told me she feels more comfortable with my frequent dose increases now that Baby is diagnosed with the acro/IAA. I'm glad that my vet and I will be able to work as a team now at least. It really did bother me a lot to go against her advice. She mentioned that none of the five vets in our practice had ever had a cat with acro or IAA in all their years combined! I'm pretty sure we'll be switching to Levemir soon.
So the Cabergoline...highly recommended here on FDMB? More so than adding R to the mix? My only concern in reading some of the Cab stories is the apparent stomach upset that occurs (vomiting and/or diarrhea). Right now Baby is still feeling well, almost hate to rock that boat.
If we do switch to Levemir, at what dose? Did I read 30% less than her current dose of Lantus (which right now is 9U), so like 6 or 6.5U of Lev?
Same for R - how do you know where to start the dose, and how to increase/decrease?
Lastly, I guess I should mention that it is not my intention to do SRT or surgery, and octreotide and pasireotide are out of consideration due to their cost.
Oh, and also, is the belly fat/pooch skin an okay spot to give shots? Trying to mix it up a little because maybe the scruff isn't working very well? She didn't like the flank shots I tried.
R is another insulin. It won't fix the underlying Acro issue.
Cabergoline is a treatment for Acro. I'm not surprised your vet was not aware of Acro, as many are not.
For dosage sites, I work the back and sides all the way to the flank. I think the belly is a bit more tender.
One thing at a time. I would start with the Lev switch, then think about R or cabergoline next. Yes, we generally start the Lev dose at 70% of the Lantus dose. If that seems to be going backwards, we can fast track you. Or it could be she'll have a strong reaction even to the reduced dose of the new insulin and you'll see lower numbers than you are used to. It'll help to get more eyes on you if you post on the Lantus/Lev forum at the time you switch. This forum is pretty quiet for dosing/low numbers help.
When you add R, we'll find someone who is available to help you and hang around when you try it. First thing there, what time zone are you in and what clock time is shot time? The person who "sits" with you will help you figure out the dose, when to or not to use R and how to increase. Generally you would start with a 0.25 unit dose. You'll want to use R when it's a good time to do so. Learning when not to user R is as important as when to use it. The goal of R, if you use it, is to help you keep Baby in better blood glucose numbers by lowering her numbers by no more than 100 points. Getting Baby under renal threshold as much as possible (mostly blues) should be one of your primary objectives.
Using cabergoline is for a completely different reason. If cabergoline works for your kitty, it can help limit or even possibly stop the output of excess growth hormone from the pituitary tumour. We have had 3 cats go OTJ while using it. The excess growth hormone can produce unwanted side effects. For those whose kitties have responded well to cabergoline, there has been some fast changes in dose. I wouldn't use R and cabergoline at the same time.
I shot primarily scruff/shoulder area for 5 years. Neko objected if I tried elsewhere. Some people shoot sides, should be OK.
She mentioned that none of the five vets in our practice had ever had a cat with acro or IAA in all their years combined!
I'm pretty sure they have, they just didn't know it. One in four diabetic cats has acromegaly. I suspect they've seen more than 4 diabetic cats. Not all acros have high doses. The study that found the one in four figure saw acros as low as 1 unit, as high as 35 and an average of 7 units.
So sorry for the dx. But now you know what your dealing with and your approach will now be a bit different.
Olive isn't that we know off IAA. Vet refused to test for it. But Acro she is and again vet didn't believe it. He was going by U.K. measurements until I told him he had to convert to the U.S. measurements. He doesn't want the cabergoline because there are so few studies on it and a "specialist" claims it doesn't work. HOWEVER, mom here is all for it as we have nothing to lose. After 6 months of searching, emailing specialists, considering the opportunity in NY to remove pituitary, I have found a vet who is local and admits they never treated an acro but after reading up on it and talking with an endocrinologist, seeing that any side effects are minimal WE ARE STARTING CABERGOLINE TODAY. I will be using a flavored compounded suspension from Wedgewood that seems to be the best price around. The most common side effect is gastro upset but resolves on its own within a few days. We can work with that. Should it become more or to much then I will stop using it and we back to where we are now.
I think obviously it's worth the try. We have everything to gain and nothing to lose. Keep us posted plz.
Squeaky and KT (GA), Cynthia and Merlin and sbluhrs like this.
I would start with the Lev switch, then think about R or cabergoline next. Yes, we generally start the Lev dose at 70% of the Lantus dose.
Thank you, yes, that's what I was thinking.
It'll help to get more eyes on you if you post on the Lantus/Lev forum at the time you switch. This forum is pretty quiet for dosing/low numbers help.
Should I just regularly post on the L&L forum rather than this one?
When you add R, we'll find someone who is available to help you and hang around when you try it. First thing there, what time zone are you in and what clock time is shot time?
Wow, you all are incredible beans...THANK YOU!!! I am in Chicago, Central Standard Time. I give shots at 7am (as close as possible...Tues, Thurs...it is closer to 6:30ish.) and 7pm.
I wouldn't use R and cabergoline at the same time.
Vet refused to test for it. But Acro she is and again vet didn't believe it. He was going by U.K. measurements until I told him he had to convert to the U.S. measurements. He doesn't want the cabergoline because there are so few studies on it and a "specialist" claims it doesn't work.
I just * don't * understand! Why would he refuse you an $18 test????? If Olive has nothing to lose by taking the Cabergoline, then I'm with you 100%!
YAY!!!! I am excited to go on this journey with you and Olive! We may be joining you with the Cab!
I will be using a flavored compounded suspension from Wedgewood that seems to be the best price around.
Paula, can you please give me the specifics of your Cab? I want to make it as easy for my vet who is unfamiliar with it as possible. Ie, size of vial, what exactly is being compounded? what flavors (and are they sugar free)? And of course, price. Thank you for your help with this!
We have everything to gain and nothing to lose. Keep us posted plz.
For where to post, I would post here if it's something related to acromegaly and IAA, that may be of interest to others. However, people here are on all different insulins. If you want suggestions regarding dosing or handling numbers you aren't used to, then the insulin specific forums will have more eyes that can help.
As for R, since I am on the west coast, I wouldn't help with the AM shot. When you are getting ready to try it, post and let us know and I'll try to find someone back east from me. If it is going to take a while to get Levemir, you could try R first. You would have to start R on a cycle you can monitor closely, with tests for at least four hours.
My cat is going to get tested later this week. Other than bg being high, did you notice any physical changes?
@JanetNJ I saw one study that said less than a third of acros showed clinical symptoms on diagnosis. Neko had a ferocious appetite and one eye tearing. Which I found out much later was from soft tissue growth in the tear duct. Seems acros don't all show the same symptoms, though some are more common than others.
Ty. One of the reasons my vet thinks it can't be acro is she doesn't have physical signs. Although she does have a"pot belly". But I don't know if it's an acro belly or just chubby.
It seems like a lifetime ago even though it was only a few months. Titan showed no signs of acro that we could see, just a ferocious thirst and hunger and perhaps a loss of weight. I would say just the signs of rampant uncontrolled diabetes.
The RVC said they thought they could see enlarged paws, but they already knew it was acro. They also mentioned enlarged organs internally.
On the flip side, my vet suggested testing for acro because of Lou's big head and paws, and his jaw. Turns out he didn't have acro, although he was positive for IAA. So physical signs may or may not be actual indications of acro.


Do you have the impression that watching a twitter stream is like watch US network television? Every two out of three tweets seems to be an advert for someone trying to sell something?
Is this what twitter has become? A sales channel? More than that, has twitter become a television like mass media channel where advertisers throw messages and hope some stick?
One of the great things about twitter is that people can, if they so desire, block out the mass advertisers and only receive updates from people they know and people they are interested in.
This impacts organizations greatly. I don't believe that organizations that have a mass media mindset should refrain from twitter. On the contrary, everyone has value that they can give.
A real benefit of twitter is how open it it. It's relatively easy to search through tweets to find people who are talking about or have something to say about a product or service. This is what standard marketeers love:- the ability to accurately find particular niches and communicate to them.
This is where organizations have to be careful. Their mass-media mindset could at this point lead them to sending adverts to their targeted audience. This would be a mistake and would be ineffectual. It's at this point that organizations need to join the conversation and provide relevant help and information.
Their targets will see this as a value adding approach rather than a simple attempt to sell and the brand's product will be seen in a better light.
Hence the need to understand that the engagement on twitter needs to be totally different from a traditional mass-media engagement.
One thing I have noticed is that much of the spammy tweets seem to be coming from smaller companies and mom and pop outfits. It's a shame, and maybe it's a question of resources, but these outfits are ones that can particularly benefit from twitter's ability to find and engage with a niche community.


I needed (?!) a new handbag. Well, I needed something to brighten up my wardrobe in the cold dark days until spring, and a handbag is always a good investment. I've been using the same bag on a daily basis for about three years, which means it's been excellent cost per wear but also that it's time for a change.
For me a handbag must have enough room for all the essentials – purse, phone, make up, keys – plus a paperback or kindle. I must also be able to wear it cross-body to foil the bloody moped thieves plaguing London at the moment.
I love a bit of internet research, and word on the street is that a tan cross-body bag is the accessory du jour. Sadly, the two I love most are way over my budget. The Marcie shoulder bag by Chloe is top of my list followed closely by this lush Givenchy Infinity Saddle bag – they're obviously on my Pinterest wishlist if anyone's feeling generous.
So I carried on searching and as usual the high street came up trumps with this 100% leather tan saddle bag from Next. An absolute bargain at only £45. What do you think?
Now that's a great find!


I was born in Spain but now live in Munich where I work as an intern in a tech startup – and I credit edX with my ability to start a new career.
Last year I was living and working in London, in a small company. I studied Internet Marketing in the University, so that was a really interesting opportunity for me to learn and practice, but I was not happy at all. At that moment, I realized that what I was doing is not what I wanted to do for the rest of my life.
I'd always been interested in technology, but had never learned how to code. EdX changed it all. I discovered CS50x and thanks to David J. Malan and all of his students I could start from the ground. I didn't finish the entire course, but this was the beginning.
After CS50x ignited my passion for computer science, I registered for 6.00x to learn Python programming. It was really hard and really amazing. It gave me all the tools I needed at that moment to start learning more and more.
After that, I started learning the Django Framework by myself, using the Python skills that I got thanks to 6.00x, and working as a freelance web developer in small projects.
After some months I wrote a letter telling my story to one of the most promising tech startups in Europe because they were looking for a Python Intern. They loved my passion for learning new things so much that they gave me this amazing opportunity.
My advice to edX? Keep pushing the future of education! Well, it's not future, it's present.


College/Uni Article - Do You Want Effective Study Skills? Try M.U.R.D.E.R.
Chester Bennington is wailing, �The sun goes down, I feel the light betray me� on your radio; the cold beads of sweat that form on your forehead agree with Bennington� for the nth time you have a long exam tomorrow morning and you are nowhere near prepared. You call on every divinity, pray to every God, to be miraculously given effective study skills; however, you will settle for time to stop so you can cram longer. Hypothetically, if time did stop, how can you make up for lost time and acquire effective study skills? How about through M.U.R.D.E.R.: * Mood: Think of studying as a date that you would like to impress and go out of your way. Create the right ambience. Pick a place that can help you concentrate, most people need a place where there is silence but there are a handful of people that need noise to concentrate. Play some music to sustain your mood. * Understand: Get yourself a marker and mark areas of your text that strikes you as important; or make an outline of the material. * Recall: Stop every once in a while to paraphrase what you have read in your own words; if you can express the idea in your own words, it means you have understood what you were studying and have also memorized it. * Digest: You can also mark concepts or ideas that you did not understand and look it up further or ask for a second opinion from a classmate or the professor. * Expand: Try to see the connection between the material you are currently studying and your previous lessons; or try to see the relevance of your text in your life. * Review: Review the materials you have studied; ideally, you should be reviewing the highlighted texts and the notes you have made instead of reading everything again. Whether you have a big exam or you just want to maintain a respectable GPA, always keep MURDER at the back of your mind: MURDER, the only crime that pays.


text:
Bushwhacked may refer to:

 Bushwhacked (film), a 1995 film starring Daniel Stern, Brad Sullivan, and Corey Carrier
 Bushwhacked!, an Australian children's adventure television series
 Bushwhacked: Life in George W. Bush's America, book by Molly Ivins and Lou Dubose
 "Bushwacked" MP3, satirical speeches created from parts of George W. Bush's orations
 "Bushwhacked" (Firefly), the third episode of science-fiction television series Firefly

See also
 Bushwhackers (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rx_YNoLS0fU
We are the concept designers. The third generation artists. The master builders. The creative-work-around-ers. The down-to-earth, out-of-this-world-ers. The under-promising, over-delivering, beginning-to-end, seeing-it-through-ers. We're the first up and last-to-bedders. We are the risk takers. The innovators. The memory makers. We champion cocktail-shakers and flavour-platers. Home-makers and office-workers. The one-man-empires and the this-girl-can-ers.
Tap & Tandoor
Cuban Embassy
Cafe Colette
Moseley House
Meet The Concept Designers & Builders
Nick Jones
Nick comes from a family of makers. Growing up in his family businesses, studying construction to postgraduate level, and taking the time to work in kitchens has given Nick a unique vista when it comes to designing, choreographing and building a commercial space.
Catherine Gwynne
Catherine studied interior design at KLC and Central St. Martins, and had a tiring yet successful career in the wine industry before teaming up with Nick to start 2G. Catherine works to develop the creative direction of the firm and ensures that projects are meticulously penned before work starts.
Aisling brings a wealth of knowledge to 2G. She trained at Chelsea college of art (UAL) and worked for S&Y architects in London where she gained experience and flair for commercial design. She later moved to Faber in Birmingham before moving over to 2G. She has been responsible for creating some truly memorable spaces, notably 'Vivi' restaurant at centre point London and Nocturnal Animals in Birmingham.
Sean Hubball
Sean started with 2G as an electrician, yet his extensive knowledge and ability in all areas of the build process quickly became apparent. He has strengthened this through further study and his incredible inquisitive and organised nature. He has become an invaluable project manager for 2G and his natural ability to communicate effectively with everyone has made him a popular team member, not only within the fold, but with clients too.
Tom has had a fascinating background that brings a host of experience and knowledge to 2G in both project management and industry expertise. He has worked extensively within the world of bars and restaurants, and has developed strong project management skills within his role at the houses of parliament. As an engineer at Otis lifts he developed his skills in build management.
Meet the makers...
Build Team
These are the people that make our incredible spaces. Our build team is made of of some of Birmingham's finest tradesmen, from master builders to carpenters, to plumbers.
2nd Generation Building Services Ltd. / / 406 The Green House, The Custard Factory, Birmingham, UK B9 4AA / / Tel: 0121 537 1969 / / Email: catherine@2gdesignandbuild.com / / View our privacy policy here. / / Website – Big Cat
© 2020 2G. All Rights Reserved.


At last! The provisional waiver we have been talking about and waiting for since last summer is now in full effect. However, its limitations are greater than anticipated. For example, unlike the traditional waiver that considers extreme hardship on either a parent or spouse, the provisional waiver will only consider hardship on the spouse. Another limitation is that unlike the traditional waiver that accepts the extreme hardship of either a legal permanent resident or citizen spouse, the provisional waiver demands the spouse be a United States citizen. Probably the most esoteric limitation is the inability to rely on two family members at the same time. For example, under the traditional waiver, you could be petitioned by an adult citizen son, but then demonstrate an extreme hardship on your permanent resident father. The new and more restrictive provisional waiver re-quires the petitioner to be your citizen spouse and it will only consider his or her hardship. The only variation of this rule is if you are between 17 and 20 years of age and your parent is a citizen. If the aforesaid limitations have not already frustrated your case, now consider that if your case has been pending with the National Visa Center (NVC), since before January 3, 2013, you might not qualify for the provisional waiver! Another requirement of the provisional waiver is that the United States Department of State (DOS) hasn't already schedule your appointment at a US consulate. The NVC is responsible for coordinating cases with the consulates abroad, so if you already paid the required fees to the NVC before January 3, your case was likely scheduled for an interview. If the NVC moved to schedule your case before January 3, 2013, regardless of the interview date, you are prohibited from filing the provisional waiver. Fortunately, if you are disqualified on this basis, your relative can always file a new petition for you and if approved, continue with the provisional waiver.
Even If your I-601A waiver of unlawful presence is approved, consider there is no interim benefit such as work authorization; it does not grant lawful status, it does not waive the requirement to depart the US, nor is it a guarantee that a visa will ultimately be is-sued. The consular officer can still deny your case on other grounds. Yet despite all of these provisional waiver limitations, its benefit still justifies the effort. The provisional waiver reduces the time your family will be separated from what could have been one year or more to what is expected to be one week or less. You can also apply for the provisional waiver even if you are in removal proceedings, but you must first have the case administratively closed.
The California Service Center for United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has its hands full of applications for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). To alleviate the burden, the California Service Center transferred many of its pending DACA cases to the Texas Service Center for processing. As of March 8, 2013, If you have a pending DACA application and you receive a letter from USCIS saying your case has been transferred to Texas, do not worry. The transfer was merely logistical and does not require you to do anything.


I walk into a vintage shop in Fishtown and stroll through their collection of affordable wares. This is The Art Dept Collective, a corner row home transformed into a multi-use space and store. I peek around its corners, trying to find the installation Touch. I finally ask the worker and am guided through their kitchen, back outside to a garage behind the building. As they set up the exhibition, I admire the garage, which has also been converted into a storage and artist studio. I am invited in and directed to close the door behind me.
Inside is a square living room fitted with a couch, a coffee table, and a television perched atop the bottom half of a mannequin. One central ruby light bulb illuminates everything in shades of red. Artist Eliza Leighton has warmly fashioned walls covered with plush, shaggy fur that beg to be touched. Numerous glass hands reach out of one corner of the wall. I quickly forget about the two o'clock sun that I just left outside.
The television directs me: "Hey. Hi there, why don't you sit down?" and "Welcome." I quickly make myself comfortable on the couch, which could fit two other people. "Hey. Hi there, why don't you sit down?" It repeats again. And again. Something is off. The screen fills with disjointed images of a different living room, first as itself, then cut in half, and then overlaid with abstract scarlet shapes in motion. I prefer to disengage from this trippy image cycle. The walls have been tempting me. Alone, I stand against one wall to touch the shag. It is comforting.
Before arriving, I had read how the artist frames the piece with a safety-and-content warning: "This installation deals with themes of sexual violence, and may not be suitable for all viewers, specifically children." These walls are an illusion of comfort, leading me to expect relaxation, when instead I feel disoriented. The television continues to offer its blurry images as its welcome laboriously wears itself out. This is purposeful. It pressures me to reflect on misleading acts: ideas of safe spaces, comfort, and disingenuous welcomes. Leighton has provocatively shaped a room that forces me into conflict. I lounge on the couch, yet I notice my legs firmly planted on the ground. My muscles debate the tension.
Now an atmospheric buzz from the television demands my attention. The voices morph and distort, continuing their feud, but the words have changed. The recording now tells me "You're welcome, You're welcome" over and over. It's like the twins in The Shining: "Come play with us." I can't trust this. Have I gotten what I wanted? What was it I came for?
I stare at the lone light and the shades of red in the room. From cherry to maroon, the furry walls shift between shades, depending on how the light hits the hairy threads. How many hands have touched this wall? How long will this go on? Thinking about the safety-and-content warning, I reflect on Christine Blasey Ford's testimony during the Kavanaugh hearings. Her words about how the assault "haunted [her] episodically as an adult" parallel the repetitions in this room.
This 15-minute installation is a reflection of time on a broader scale. Touch is a recounting of trauma that the body is trying to release, but continues to cycle through. Leighton uses senses rather than words to highlight unsettling spaces; I hope this installation builds a site not just for acknowledgement, but also for healing. The number of people who are sexually assaulted can't be measured, as any number of assaults aren't named or reported because of fear of victimization, fear of reprisal, fear of lack of evidence, among other factors. We cannot pretend that these things do not occur. Survivors, it is not your fault. You are not alone.


text:
Free TiVo trial
June 25, 2003 by Your Name in Uncategorized
Tivo has been struggling for ages now to try and get their adoption rate to hit the hockey stick trajectory of quadractic growth.* They've relied primarily on wacky TV ads. Tivo is something the average Joe can't grok unless he's seen it in action. I'd like to see them try some trial model which gets boxes into more homes, perhaps with a free trial period after which the software locks up until the customer pays for the unit. Every electronics store would have trial units ready for customers to take home with them for a really low fee, say $50 plus a credit card number as a deposit. They'd get it for a month or two, say, with full functionality. If they keep it, they get the $50 back as a discount against the full purchase price, and if they decide not to keep it after the trial period they have to return it to the store to get half their $50 back, and the unit would go back into circulation as a trial unit. Heck, they could pre-load these trial units with some complete seasons of some popular TV shows just to increase the likelihood of adoption. After you've saved a lot of your favorite shows on a trial unit, you'd be loathe to return it. A program like this could be rolled out gradually to minimize capital costs, or perhaps they could convince a well-capitalized but fighting-extinction company like Blockbuster to front some of the costs as a way to drive store traffic in exchange for a rev share on any completed sales.
I've rarely met a person who installed and used a Tivo and said it didn't change their life. Tivo is in danger of seeing their service commoditized to the point where they're driven out of the market by better capitalized competitors who embed Tivo-like functionality in other devices at lower cost. [Aside: In the consumer electronics space, the device which I'd buy in a heartbeat right now is a combo DVD-Recorder PVR device, preferably one that could handle hi-def signals. Pioneer just announced two such units which sound pretty close. Look for one on my Amazon wishlist soon.]
Unfortunately, unless they own a patent on their technology, Tivo might have a difficult time licensing their functionality out broadly in a platform play. ReplayTV tried that, but they didn't have anything so valuable that it couldn' t be reverse engineered cheaply. The Pioneer deal is a good start, and it's still worth a try. Surviving by being simply a box manufacturer is certainly not a winning strategy. Don't get me wrong--I love my hacked Tivo, but my business spider sense foresees a difficult future for TiVo (that capital V thing is too hard to type). They should be trying to solve the adoption problem instead of building random functionality that just makes their device more difficult for Joe Consumer to grok.
What do people think?
*Everyone says exponential growth, but as Kevin Kelly points out in New Rules for the New Economy almost everyone means quadractic growth or polynomial growth, or some number n raised to the power of 2 or some other fixed integer; true exponential growth means some number raised to a growing power n, which is insanely fast growth and rarely occurs in the business world.
June 25, 2003 /Your Name


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text:
CSU Stanislaus releases Palin documents
Initially, university officials said they did not have to turn over documents about the Palin event, saying it was arranged by a private foundation.
Last month, two students from the Turlock campus turned over to the attorney general's office two bags of documents, some shredded, found in a campus dumpster. They included portions of Palin's contract.
The university says it did nothing wrong, and that most of the documents it's now releasing, were generated after the controversy began.


West Newbury Town Hall is located at 381 Main Street, West Newbury, MA 01985; phone: 978=363-1100.
Photo: Samuel Chase House, ca. 1715, 154 Main Street, West Newbury, MA. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. Photographed by User:John Phelan (own work), 2010, [cc-by-3.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons, accessed September, 2017.
The town was incorporated as "Parsons" in 1819, and was renamed West Newbury the following year. Development of West Newbury began when the Newbury "Upper Commons" was allotted to freeholders for pasture and woodlands in 1642. 20 years later a highway was laid out between Artichoke River and the Bradford line, after which the remainder of the Upper Commons was divided into 111 parcels and assigned by lottery. These were laid out on either side of the main road (now Main Street) with 64 on the north and 46 on the south. Each was approximately 27 acres and owners were required to fence their boundaries. Many of the resulting stone walls can still be seen throughout the town today.
Town of West Newbury, Massachusetts, Open Space and Recreation Plan, 2009, www.wnewbury.org, accessed December, 2010.