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2019| October-December | Volume 10 | Issue 4
Online since October 9, 2019
Study designs: Part 5 – interventional studies (II)
Rakesh Aggarwal, Priya Ranganathan
October-December 2019, 10(4):183-186
DOI:10.4103/picr.PICR_138_19 PMID:31649869
In the fifth piece of this series on research study designs, we continue the discussion on interventional studies (clinical trials), in which the investigator decides whether or not a particular participant receives the exposure (or intervention). In this article, we take a closer look at several features which are important to ensure that the findings of such a study represent the real effect of an intervention, such as allocation concealment, blinding, compliance to intervention, the use of co-interventions and participant dropout rate.
2 1,313 370
A study on usefulness of modified medication adherence scale in assessing adherence among hypertensive patients
Sethu Prabhu Shankar, I S. S Suman Babu, Neelakandan Ramya
DOI:10.4103/picr.PICR_44_18 PMID:31649865
Background: Adherence to medication is important for control of blood pressure (BP) and prevention of its complications. Identifying factors which improve adherence to treatment helps in improving cardiovascular outcome. Aim: The aim is to study the adherence of hypertensive patients to medication using modified medication adherence scale (MMAS). Materials and Methods: This study was done as a cross-sectional study in the Department of General medicine in Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, from May 2017 to October 2017. All adult patients of both sexes diagnosed to have hypertension were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Adherence to hypertension was assessed using MMAS and results were analyzed. SPSS 22 software (International Business Machines Corporation, Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY) was used for statistical purposes. Results: A total of 150 patients were included in the study. There were 83 males and 67 females in the study. Good adherence was observed in 74 (49%) out of the total 150. Forty-nine (59%) males and 25 (37%) females were found adherent to treatment. Patients with monotherapy had a good adherence compared to those with polytherapy. Patients with good adherence had a good control of BP. Conclusion: MMAS is a simple and useful tool for assessing medication adherence among hypertensive patients.
Evaluation of reporting of CONSORT flow diagrams in randomized controlled trials in a national and international pharmacology journal
Asif Moeed Shaikh, Manthan M Mehta, Vihang V Chawan
Objective: To evaluate and compare the reporting of consolidated standard of reporting trial (CONSORT) flow diagrams in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in a national and international pharmacology journal. Methods: RCTs in an international pharmacology journal, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (EJCP), and a national journal, Indian Journal of Pharmacology (IJP), published from January 2014 to July 2016 were evaluated for reporting and completeness of CONSORT flow diagrams. A total of 138 articles (EJCP = 90; IJP = 48) were analyzed and compared. Results: Of 138 RCTs analyzed, 90 were from EJCP and 48 were from IJP. 76.6% (69/90) articles from EJCP and 37.5% (18/48) articles from IJP had reported the CONSORT flow diagram. Of these, 95.5% (66/69) had assessed for eligibility in EJCP and 88.8% (16/18) had reported the same in IJP. The number of participants excluded was reported in 86.9% (60/69) flow diagrams in EJCP and 83.3% (15/18) in IJP. 82.6% (57/69) flow diagrams in EJCP and 77.7% (14/18) in IJP had mentioned the details of randomization. Allocation of intervention was reported in 91.3% (63/69) flow diagrams in EJCP and 88.8% (16/18) in IJP. 60.8% (42/69) flow diagrams in EJCP and 44.4% (08/18) in IJP had mentioned the details of follow-up of participants. 95.5% (66/69) flow diagrams in EJCP and 94.4% (17/18) in IJP had mentioned details about analysis. Conclusion: In spite of both the journals, IJP and EJCP endorsing the CONSORT statement, a significant difference in the reporting of CONSORT flow diagrams in RCTs can be noted. The quality of reporting can be improved by stringent publication guidelines by the editors.
Appropriateness and pharmacoeconomics of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in open reduction internal fixation surgery practiced in a tertiary hospital compared to recommendations in the national center for disease control guidelines
Priyanka Kumari, Jayaram B Siddegowda, Vasundara Krishnaiah
Context: Surgical site infections are frequently observed despite the availability of national guideline on surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP). These infections increase patient morbidity, mortality, and direct and indirect health-care costs. Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is a common orthopedic surgery for fracture. There is a paucity of Indian data on SAP in ORIF surgery. Aims: The present study was taken up aiming at the evaluation of appropriateness and pharmacoeconomics of SAP in ORIF based on the national guidelines. Subjects and Methods: One-year observational prospective cohort study was conducted among 412 participants, who underwent ORIF in the Department of Orthopedics in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Name, dose, route, timing, frequency, and duration of administration of prophylactic antimicrobials used were recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics were used wherever required. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.24 years, majority (60.92%) were male, and 49.52% had fracture of lower-limb bones. The appropriateness of preoperative SAP in terms of indication in ORIF, timing, and route of administration was 100%. Selection and dose of preoperative and postoperative antimicrobials were appropriate in only 13% of cases. Omission of intraoperative dose was appropriate in all participants. Duration of postoperative Antimicrobial agent administration was inappropriately long in all participants. None of the cases received completely appropriate regimen. Cost analysis showed the mean cost of SAP practiced in our hospital was eleven times higher than that with recommended SAP. Conclusions: Considering the inappropriateness of SAP practiced, monitoring of guideline implementation and awareness among health-care professionals are necessary to prevent SSI and to decrease economic burden on the patients.
The National Guidelines for Stem Cell Research (2017): What academicians need to know?
Sandeep Lahiry, Shouvik Choudhury, Rajasree Sinha, Suparna Chatterjee
India recently updated its guidelines on stem cell research (SCR), the National Guidelines for Stem Cell Research 2017. It was drafted under a collaborative effort from the Indian Council of Medical Research and Department of Biotechnology. The new guidelines are a part of a continuous endeavor to tackle scientific, technical, as well as perceived challenges in the field of SCR. It seeks to facilitate safe, ethical, and regulated translational and clinical SCR by engaging all stakeholders proactively.
The CONSORT statement and its impact on quality of reporting of trials
Priya Ranganathan
Conventional antidiabetic agents and bone health: A pilot case–control study
Jeffrey Pradeep Raj, Shreeraam Venkatachalam, Mahesh Shekoba, Joshua Jonathan Norris, Rajkumar S Amaravati
Background and Objectives: The burden of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]) and osteoporosis is increasing with increasing longevity. Uncontrolled T2DM is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis explained by the insulin osteocalcin pathway. Due to limited information on the effect of various commonly used antidiabetic agents (ADA) on bone health, our study aims to analyze the association between the two. Methodology: This is a case–control study, with 100 cases of clinical osteoporosis and 100 age-, sex-, and dietary status-matched controls in whom osteoporosis was ruled out by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Prescription details of T2DM, physical activity levels, and disease status were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Exposure to each ADA was compared using the Chi-squared test. Binary logistic regression was performed to adjust the two main confounders, namely glycemic control and physical activity levels, and adjusted risk estimates were calculated. Results: There were a total of 74 T2DM patients, of whom 45 (60.8%) were cases and 29 (39.2%) were controls. Sulfonylureas (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.164, P = 0.004) and insulin (aOR = 0.248, P = 0.042) showed a significant protective effect on bone health. Biguanides (OR = 1.994, P = 0.029) and thiazolidinediones (OR: 5.444, P = 0.033), which demonstrated that an increased risk of osteoporosis in univariate analysis became insignificant after multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Sulfonylureas and insulin through the insulin osteocalcin pathway show favorable effect on bone health, but the probability of increased fractures secondary to hypoglycemic falls should be borne in mind. We recommend larger prospective studies to confirm this association.
Biovigilance: A global perspective
Sukhjinder Singh, Shammy Chandel, Phulen Sarma, Dibbanti Harikrishna Reddy, Abhishek Mishra, Subodh Kumar, Prasad Thota, Kotni Murali, Ajay Prakash, Bikash Medhi
A biological is a substance which either comprises, contains, or is derived from human cells or human tissues. The use of biological products is associated with the risk of infection transmission, allergic reactions, and other adverse events (AEs). The science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of AEs or any other problems related to biological products (blood, cells, tissues, organs, and vaccine in international perspective) are termed as biovigilance. With more and more biologicals being marketed and the rapid revolutionary changes in transplant-related services, the importance of biovigilance is increasing day by day. Although specific types of vigilance systems (pharmacovigilance and materiovigilance) exist, activities related to "biovigilance" are still in an infancy stage. Many developed countries such as the USA, Europe, and Australia have implemented nationwide biovigilance programs. In India, the National Institute of Biologicals, in collaboration with the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, has launched the Biovigilance Programme of India. In this article, the biovigilance systems of different countries across the globe have been reviewed along with highlights of the current biovigilance needs.
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© Perspectives in Clinical Research | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow


Aube is a very rich department from the ornithological point of view. The Orient Forest Natural Regional Park and its three lakes have over time become a temple to birds and constitute one of the richest ornithological sites in France.
Seen from the sky, the 5,000 ha of large lakes offer migratory birds immense aquatic opportunities which is perfect for them and provides them with a haven of peace. The lakes and rivers, the meadows, pools and crops provide the birds with vital food resources.
Between permanent residents and migratory birds, 300 different species have been seen to date.
The common crane, the region's most popular ornithological curiosity, the grey heron, for which the creation of the lakes has meant a revival of the population, and the bean goose, join the coot, the great reed warbler and the common tern.
White-tailed eagles, the famous symbol of the United States of America, are sometimes also seen gliding over the vast mirror of these waters.
Early in the morning, the birds provide a spectacle for anyone who cares to watch. Get your binoculars out!
By the way: autumn is the best season to go in search of migratory birds and those overwintering in the lakes region. Guided bird-watching outings are arranged from October to March.


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You are here: HOME > NEWS > Would you like first aid with that burger?
Would you like first aid with that burger?
A strange question perhaps but this reflects what happened one day last August to an Army Cadet from 21 Company in Middlesex & NW London ACF. Cadet Company Sergeant Major (CSM) Williams-Dover was in McDonalds, just about to place his order when another young man ran in. He had been stabbed in the chest, was panicking and bleeding. He clearly needed immediate help.
Having earlier that month successfully completed a First Aid at Work Course through the Army Cadets, CSM Williams-Dover was fully aware of what action needed to be taken to try to stem the bleeding, control the situation and ensure that the emergency services were summoned. Despite not knowing whether the casualty's attackers were still in the vicinity or not, CSM Williams-Dover reassured the casualty, treated his wound and waited with him for thirty minutes until an ambulance arrived. It is undoubtedly thanks to his actions that the casualty has since been discharged from hospital and is expected to make a good recovery.
CSM Williams-Dover has been recognised by the ACF for his actions by way of a praiseworthy first aid certificate. Regarding his actions, he said:
"At first it didn't feel real. Due to the training I've received from the Army Cadets my mind snapped straight into first aid mode and I was able to stay calm and deal with the situation. It was not until afterwards that the seriousness of it all sunk in."
As part of the Army Cadet Force Proficiency syllabus CSM and now Staff Cadet Williams Dover undertook a number of first aid courses culminating in the 18 hour First Aid at Work course. He has also assisted at Company level with training junior cadets and plans to continue with this during his time as a Staff Cadet as he is now fully aware of the importance of passing on this life skill to others.

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The forms listed below are available as Adobe PDF downloads and are also available in the main office. Please print, complete and return as instructed on each form. All forms should be returned to the Office of the Registrar. If you have any questions while completing a form, please contact the Registrar at 330-363-1232 or registrar@aultmancollege.edu.


The Fairmont, Minn., airport's annual Fly-in Breakfast was held Sunday, June 24. Sponsored by the Fairmont Lions Club, the event served more than 750 pancake, egg & sausage breakfasts.
Below are some 360° photos taken early that morning. Click and drag to move around the image; use your scroll button to zoom in and out.
ABOVE & BELOW: Two of Kahler Automation's field service aircraft, both Beechcraft A36 Bonanzas.
ABOVE: Kahler Automation founder Wayne Kahler's personal aircraft, an experimental two-seater Kitfox.
BELOW: Kahler Automation pilot Kent Gibson gave Fly-in Breakfast visitors free airplane rides in this blue & white Cessna 175C Skylark.


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Alexander Ivanovich Ertel () (19 July 1855 – 7 February 1908) was a Russian novelist and short story writer.

Biography
Ertel was born near Voronezh, where his father – a soldier in Napoleon's army, captured by the Russians – had settled and become an estate agent. He never completed school, and was largely self-educated. He published his first collection of stories called Notes from the Steppes in 1883. He was imprisoned in 1884 for his revolutionary ties, and afterwards exiled to Tver for four years. He published a number of novellas and stories in the 1880s and 1890s, including A Greedy Peasant (1886), and the two novels The Gardenins (1889), and Change (1891). When The Gardenins was republished in 1908, it featured a preface by Leo Tolstoy, who admired Ertel's work.

After his death, his widow Marya Vasilievna lived in Moscow, taking in paying guests who had come to learn Russian; she was helped by their younger daughter, Elena (Lolya or Lola), who became a literary translator. Their elder daughter also became a literary translator, working in England as Natalie Duddington. Among Madame Ertel's pupils was Bruce Lockhart; in his famous Memoirs of a British Agent (1932) he recorded that, thanks to her and Lolya, he became proficient in Russian, acquired a modicum of culture, and developed a deep affection for all things Russian. Marya died in the typhus epidemic in 1919; Lolya survived it and managed to escape to Britain in 1927.

Legacy

His story The Specialist, and his novella A Greedy Peasant are available in English translation in Eight Great Russian Short Stories, A Premier Book, Fawcett Publications, 1962. The translator of these two works was his daughter Natalie Duddington, well known for her translations of other Russian authors.

English translations
 Great Russian Short Stories, London, E. Benn Limited, 1929.
 Eight Great Russian Short Stories, A Premier Book, Fawcett Publications, 1962.

References

1855 births
1908 deaths
Russian male short story writers
Novelists from the Russian Empire
Male writers from the Russian Empire
Writers from Voronezh
Russian people of German descent
19th-century novelists from the Russian Empire
19th-century short story writers from the Russian Empire
19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire
Prisoners of the Peter and Paul Fortress

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The argument to change the IT job title to BT (Business Technologist) has been gaining resonance with me lately.
The argument to change the IT (Information Technologist) job title to BT (Business Technologist) has been gaining resonance with me lately, as I take a long-term look at the strategic value of our department to the business. Briefly, Forrester's CEO George Colony has been promoting the idea as a "final metamorphosis", to send a strong signal to the organisation that IT people aren't just in the technology business, but the company's business as well.
Behind the argument are more than cosmetics or rebranding. As Colony says it is changing behaviour to focus on the business of the business; by feeling the pain of the business the IT department would transform its relationship with it.
In practice what Colony is suggesting is more than a mind shift. It is changing the well-developed culture of both the IT and non-IT folk to progressively forge out a new pathway forward that would better serve the business.
Purely by chance we have such a "BT" operating in our team, though that person is probably tagged by the business as an IT person now. This person worked in another department but was being made redundant; she had been an integral part of our testing and development work, as a power user, on a new CRM system being readied for implementation.
Our BT was taken on board to continue work on the CRM post implementation, but the depth and breadth of experience and expertise she brings to our department is humbling at times. She sees and notices things everyday that, to be frank, would probably be dismissed or overlooked by regular IT folk.
She keeps us on our toes as we continue to refine aspects of the CRM, but she can only do that because she comes from a different arm of the business – where the everyday business processes, mindset and culture are different than the IT department. Noticeably for me, these people too are our customers, the frontline and recipients of systems we introduce to the organisation.
More than adding value, our BT person is a reality check for us, the systems developers, innovators and cheerleaders; but she is able to because she has felt the pain of the business.
And that for me is the nub of this argument: developing staff that are intimate with the business, but who also know the systems and applications inside out and can utilise that knowledge to benefit the organisation.
Through this change, we are also subliminally engaging in a realignment process. It bewilders me at times that the IT department is treated as "McDonald's"; a place you can go for a quick fix that has a smorgasbord of temptations, when what is really needed is a home cooked meal full of the five-plus with mum, dad and the kids around the table.
I suspect that though people know the IT department is there, little do they know what we do except when their PC freezes. This is borne out in Forrester's own research.
It is clear that IT and business initiatives and strategies will increasingly have to intertwine and overlap – making the question of alignment irrelevant, forging a new business technology (BT) organisation, and making the boundaries between business and IT more permeable.
While I am not quite an advocate for everyone in the business trading places – because essentially this is about a marriage between "the business" and technology – there are clear advantages to operating in this way.
As a technology professional who spends time camped in both the department and business, when I take a step back and take an objective look at IT's processes and day-to-day business, I see the true power in the collaboration of technology and business.
If Forrester's is right, and I have no reason to dispute its projections, it is only a matter of time before we move in this direction. For us here in New Zealand, it is just a matter of catching up.
Most CIOs place IT-business alignment at the top of their wish list. They recognize the growing interdependency between business success and technology use. And they worry about the mismatch between what IT does and what business wants. But achieving a state of 100% alignment will no longer be possible — if it ever was — as firms evolve over the next five years toward business technology (BT), the pervasive technology use that drives business results. IT-business alignment will be replaced with BT Synchronization — a continuous balancing of an enterprise level of focus, a networked balance of supply, and a change agent role in the business strategy and processes of the enterprise.
Internationally, more and more employees are going self-service and finding applications on the web and downloading to them their PCs because they believe it will better help them in their work.
Employees are better informed about technology and are bypassing IT departments by using self-provisioned technologies and tools.
Free/cloud-based apps are making more technologies freely available, again giving employees an avenue around the IT department.
The younger members of our workforce have been spoon fed on technology since they could hold a key board. The Millennial Generation, or Generation Y, is behind the rise of instant communication technologies and new media like Facebook, Youtube, Myspace, and, to a certain degree, Twitter.
Finally, Forrester's describes the transition from IT to BT as a slow but relentless revolution in which traditional technology management, historically delivered only by an IT organisation, is being displaced by pervasive technology use that is increasingly managed outside of IT's direct control.
What it is saying is like it or not – in some cases you might not recognise the evolution has already begun - we need to radically rethink the way we do business or risk being left trampled in the aftermath.
Aubrey Christmas is the CIO of Employers and Manufacturers Association (Northern) New Zealand. Email him at aubrey.christmas@ema.co.nz.


SWC 2018, Doha, Day 3: Tireless Hosszu (HUN) collects 12 medals!
The second leg of the FINA Swimming World Cup 2018 concluded today at the Hamad Aquatic Centre in Doha (QAT). The event witnessed five new world cup records, two of them by the Swedish swimmer Sarah Sjostrom, who participated in five races and got five gold medals! Katinka Hosszu, from Hungary, was the star in the Qatari capital, by attending 15 finals and winning seven gold, one silver and four bronze. In the last day of the Doha leg, the Russian Yuliya Efimova, the Australian Mitchell Larkin and the American Blake Pieroni, all succeeded to win their third gold medal in the meet.
Read more about SWC 2018, Doha, Day 3: Tireless Hosszu (HUN) collects 12 medals!
A total of eight World Cup records were set during the first leg of the FINA Swimming World Cup taking place in Kazan (RUS) on September 7-9. In the final day of the competition, the record holders were Anton Chupkov (RUS), Andrii Govorov (UKR) and Sarah Sjostrom (SWE).


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Serviced Offices near Bayswater Station
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Check out the offices for rent near Bayswater Station below or if easier you can call us on 0203 633 2373 – we look forward to helping you find your ideal workspace in Bayswater.
Serviced Office Space for rent on Queensway London W2
Bayswater serviced office space for rent on Queensway London W2. Housed in this charming period building we can cater for private offices from 2-14 workstations with pricing from £400 pp pcm. Clients in our Queensway space benefit from fully furnished air conditioned offices with IT and telecom options to suit your needs.
Serviced Offices 23 Redan Place, Bayswater, W2 4SA
Serviced Offices Redan Place, Bayswater, London, W2 4SA. This contemporary office, brick building, colonnaded frontage and houses a range of professionally furbished offices equipped with telephones, air-conditioning, storage and beverage fridge. There is also a dedicated on-site management team with many years experience of the building to help with any questions you have. Offices From £1224pcm
Office Space for rent 5-11 Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, London W2 4UA
Serviced Office Space for rent 5-11 Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, London W2 4UA. Our Offices for Rent at 5-11 Westbourne Grove, London W2 4UA include a Range of Private Offices for 1-15 People & Free Meeting Rooms. This 4th floor studio office is full air-conditioned and boasts large windows which allows lots of natural light to flood through. The offices come fully furnished with dedicated broadband. Meeting rooms are also available at this centre and are free to use!
Serviced Offices in Olympia Mews London W2 3SA
Serviced offices in Olympia Mews London W2 3SA from £600 per person per month. Located close to Queensway Underground, which serves the Central line, and Bayswater station, which serves the Circle and District line. Just a stone's throw away from Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park, it also within walking distance to Paddington mainline station, Lancaster Gate and Notting Hill Underground. NCP car parking is also available close-by.
Serviced Office Space Queensway, Bayswater, London, W2 3RX
Serviced Office Space Queensway, Bayswater, London, W2 3RX. This Queensway serviced office space is located above the Oriental Supermarket on Queensway London W2 & within close proximity of Queensway underground station and Bayswater underground station.
Studio Office Space Queensway, Bayswater, London, W2 4QP
Queens Studios offers light and airy studio spaces from 950 - 1650 sq ft in Queensway London W2. These offices will suit design and media businesses and the space can comfortably house 20 desks and more as well as meeting tables & couches. Also you must check out the awesome roof lights!
Serviced Offices 11 Palace Court, Notting Hill, London, W2 4LP
Serviced Offices 11 Palace Court, Notting Hill, London, W2 4LP - 11 Palace Court is a beautiful red brick terraced building, perfectly situated in the heart of London. It sits in the City of Westminster borough in the midst of local amenities with restaurants, cafes, parks and banks being just minutes away. A five minute walk from both Notting Hill Gate Station and Queensway Station also make travelling to this workplace the ideal commute. Offices From £200 pp pcm
Serviced Offices in Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, W2 5RH
Serviced offices in Bayswater near Paddington and Queensway stations. Westbourne House offers an excellent serviced office space in a stylish, modern and completely refurbished to a very high standard. The building has five floors with offices available from 1-120 people providing fully serviced office suites, meeting rooms and a reception area.
Offices to Rent at 42 Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, London W2 4UW
Our Offices to Rent at 42 Westbourne Grove, London W2 4UW include Private Space for 2-20 People. Just next to the delectable PlanetOrganic (best coffee in London) in a wonderful period building, these offices have all the classic charm of Westbourne Grove. 42 Westbourne Grove is within easy walking distance of Notting Hill Gate, Royal Oak, Bayswater and Queensway stations as well as numerous bus routes.
Serviced Offices & Co-working Space for rent in Notting Hill Gate, Kensington, London W11 3LQ
Serviced Offices & Co-working space for rent in Notting Hill Gate, Kensington London W11 3LQ. Its hard to miss us, look for the tallest building (Newcombe House) in Notting Hill. We are above Waterstones and just 30 seconds from Notting Hill Gate tube station. We provide both co-working space and serviced office facilities with meeting rooms situated in Notting Hill.
Serviced Offices United House 9 Pembridge Road Notting Hill, London W11 3JY
Serviced Offices United House 9 Pembridge Road Notting Hill, London W11 3JY - The fact that it sits right at the centre of Notting Hill Gate, right on top of the station in fact, it not only gives an incredibly simple commute, but also gives us an opportunity to get inspired by its colourful, cultural surroundings. Plus, we've created a bespoke meditation studio space alongside the private offices, coworking space and meeting rooms here. Office Space from £650/mo pp, Coworking – Hot desk £425/mo pp & Coworking – Lounge £125/mo pp.
Serviced Offices 20 Eastbourne Terrace, Paddington, W2 6LE
Serviced Offices 20 Eastbourne Terrace, Paddington, W2 6LE. The Paddington office space for rent at Eastbourne Terrace comes with stunning panoramic city views, a 'Sky Garden' as well as a cafe; to keep you fed and watered plus access to a 2,000 sq ft roof garden for that extra bit of wow factor. Plus, there's space for 160 bikes. And not to mention Crossrail on it's way to give you even more connections to the rest of the city and beyond. Office Space from £725 pp p/m
CoWorking Space for rent Eastbourne Terrace, Paddington, London, W2
Co-working space and flexible private offices for rent in Paddington. Eastbourne Terrace, London, W2 6LG merges the creativity, edge, and energy of Shoreditch, TechCity, Soho, and the West End - all less than a step from Paddington station. Private Offices starting at £850/mo, Hot Desks £480/mo & Dedicated Desks £550/mo.
Paddington Station
Paddington Central
Bayswater Station
Edgware Road Station
Marylebone Station


Airtel 4G LTE : 10 Things You Must Know !!
Airtel 4G services in India will surely bring a new era of high speed wireless Internet and blazing fast data speeds on your 4G LTE mobile devices. Read on to know what is special about Airtel 4G service, how to get it and how to use it.


Welcome to our extensive range of razor blades. Use the links below to refine your search for the correct type of razor blade for your razor.
If you are new to wet shaving we recommend starting off with Personna blades, they give a good shave, but without any irritation. Our most popular razor blade is the Feather New Hi-Satinless. All OneBlade razors are designed to use Feather FHS-10 blades.
Compare different blades with our Blade Variety Packs, or save money and buy in bulk with our Blade Multi Packs.
If you need any help call us on +44 (0)141 880 3040.
At the Executive Shaving Company we have a wide and varied range of razor blades to choose from. You can choose double edged safety razor blades from brands including Feather, Personna, Astra, Gillette, Wilkinson Sword, Derby, Muhle, Merkur and more. We also stock Feather injector razor blades, Feather FHS-10 single edge blades, Gillette Mach3, Gillette Fusion and Gillette Sensor cartridge razor blades and Feather Neo cartridge razor blades.
One of the main causes of shaving related skin problems such as redness, razor burn, razor bump and ingrowing hairs is down to men shaving with blunt razor blades. Cartridge type blades are only good for 2 or 3 close shaves before they lose their edge, changing Gillette Mach3 or Fusion blades 2 or 3 times weekly will cost a fortune.
Double Edge (DE) Razor Blades are massively cheaper than Mach3 and other cartridge blades, they are kinder to your face and they give a closer, more comfortable shave. You should expect up to 5 close shaves with one DE razor blade. Meaning a pack of 10 blades should last you for several months. Buying a Double Edge Safety Razor will pay for itself within a few months and leave your skin feeling and looking better.
Cartridge type replacement razor blades in stock include Gillette Mach3 Turbo, Gillette Fusion, Gillette Mach3, Gillette Sensor Excel and Gillette Fusion Power.
We also stock a range of difficult to find razor blades for Beard and Moustache Trimming, Long Dovo Shavette disposable blades and the famous Feather 'injector' razor blades for use in the Feather range of cut throat razors and Cobra and Mongoose Safety Razors.
If you have any questions or need some help choosing the right razor blade, please don't hesitate to get in touch.


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Q: Is the domain layer the same thing as the business layer In this article  https://martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/repository.html  Martin Fowler mentioned about the domain layer.Is the domain layer the same thing as the business layer.If not , what is the domain layer ?

A: Yes, domain layer is business layer.
And, domain layer contains information about the domain. This is the heart of the business software! The state of business objects is held here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you have watched the news lately (or ever, really!), you have probably heard about just how dangerous social media sites (Facebook, Snap Chat, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) can be, as well as apps you can download on tablets and smartphones. Lots of apps these days require internet access which allows strangers to send you messages or hack into your phone/tablet and gain access to messages, numbers, the camera on your phone, and more. Thankfully there is an app you can download on your smartphone or tablet that gives you ultimate safety control over a child's device. Whether you are a parent or not, you are guaranteed to know someone who could use an app like this so make sure you spread the word!
Ourpact is a new app that has been developed with safety in mind. It's quite simple to use, and it is very effective for those looking to keep children safe from dangerous apps and internet sites on their phones and tablets. Once you download the app, you will need to create an account. This only takes a few minutes and requires minimal information (your name, email address and a password). Note: Never use the same password for an app that you use for your email. Always make sure they are different!
After creating your account, the app will prompt you to head over to a link that has been created specifically for your account using whatever device you would like parental control over. After that, you will be able to pair both devices and begin setting up the parental control settings!
You can block apps, block the internet and set up a scheduled time for usage. This is especially helpful so that children do not use their devices after bedtime or during homework time, dinner, when company is over, etc.
If you are interested in getting this app for yourself and your family, you can find it here in the iTunes app store. You should also visit ParentsWare's website for more information on this app if you have any additional questions! I highly recommend this app to all of my readers looking for added security!
This was brought to you by AdvertiseWithBloggers.com and ParentsWare.
Thankfully my little one is not able to get online yet. He plays with a couple of apps on the iPad, but thats all. This is very helpful for when he does though. It is a scary thought about what happens every day online.
This could be an important tool for parents. Thank you for sharing.


A bit of a surprise during the night as we had a few hours of light rain. Not usually a problem except that I had left my sandals outside the door to air, so they were rather wet this morning.
We set the alarm and were out of bed at a reasonable time as I wanted to be on the road as close to 10:00 as possible. The distance we had to cover to Benidorm wasn't great but we were going to try and do it without the use of toll roads.
I popped down to the Reception Office to request that we be disconnected from the electricity and to thank them for their help during our stay. The young lady at the computer asked my name to check against our pitch number. I told her it was in my partners name, and she will be up shortly to pay. I said jokingly "I only bring her along to do the cooking", "Really?" was the wide-eyed reply. "She does all the cooking AND pays?" "Yes", I said "She is very special". "She must be, you must look after her". So there you go, wise words from a young lady, I do hope she realised I was joking.
We said goodbye to our Irish neighbours whilst the engine sat warming up and then we were off. We had instructed the Satnav to avoid toll roads and planned to follow the A7 south until just before Alcoy when we would cut across country on the cv70 right to Benidorm. Lunch was taken on a dusty piece of land to the side of a garage forecourt, there not being too many decent Truck-stops along the route, and I was keen to eat before we turned off on to the cv70.
Our Snooper satnav has two levels of performance. It's either spot-on, perfectly correct in every way, or it's a complete waste of time and you're left wondering why you don't just bin it, there is no consistency with it. Today it was going to take us all the way down to Alicante on the A7 then presumably back up again on the A332 to Benidorm. So we could be forgiven for thinking it was having another bad day. I was sure that it had slipped up in not sending us along the shortcut on the cv70.
Now I guessed that the cv70 would be a bit rugged as we needed to cross some mountains, I'd looked on Google Maps and checked the road at a couple of points along the route and it looked ok. Not so in reality. The cross-country route was some 45 kilometres (25 miles) long and I've never known 45km to pass so slowly. It was a mountain road, quite narrow for most of the way and almost continuous hairpin bends and steep climbs coming out of them. Pure hard work. The Chef was quite grateful when I told her she could put the road atlas down and use her hands to grip her seat. It was pretty hairy, but we've been on worse. Clearly we should have followed the satnav's instructions today. As the total journey had been over four hours there wasn't much of the day left by the time we got settled in. Therefore we have decided to stay for three nights here at Camping Villasol www.camping-villasol.com . This will give us one complete day for Alicante tomorrow and one complete day here in Benidorm on Wednesday.
I had a wander around the campsite taking a few pictures of the 'permanent residents' on the site, some of the rows of pitches look like a refugee camp. I couldn't get pictures of the worst ones as I had to use the small pocket camera and be discreet.
Then it was a walk in to Benidorm. We were surprised how much of it we remembered from our week here two years ago on the way home from the south. It hasn't changed and certainly hasn't got any classier. Never mind, the sun was shining, it was a lovely afternoon and we took a long walk along the promenade.
On the way back we treated ourselves to fish & chips and mushy peas, thus saving The Chef the hassle of preparing an evening meal. Having looked at the trip expenditure this evening we are going to have to cut back on our eating out. Up until now that area of expenditure represents about 15% of the total which is too high. On top of that we are being squeezed by the exchange rate. Last time we were here it was about €1.35 to the pound, so we're having to absorb about a 20% loss in spending power.
The blog will be updated first thing tomorrow morning as the campsite only had a two-day Wi-Fi ticket for sale and we are here for three evenings. So I've calculated that if I upload the entry in the morning we can make the ticket last for the whole stay.
Tomorrow it's a thirty minute walk to the tram station in town for our 95 minute trip to Alicante. We've never been there before, and as this trip is primarily about visiting locations in Spain, then we ought to do it.


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It's time to vote for round 2 in the Battle of the Books! Which books will you vote for?
Battle of the Books Has Begun!
Our annual Battle of the Books has begun and voting is now open! You choose which books should move on to to round 2.
CLICK HERE TO VOTE
Free Audiobooks
Audiobook Sync is a free summer audiobook program for teens and the first two are available on the 25th April! Visit www.audiobooksync.com to download your free audiobooks.
Kathryn Evans Visit
Having read both of Kathryn Evans' novels 'More of Me' and 'Beauty Sleep', to say I was somewhat excited to meet the author is an understatement, as my Year 9 class can attest to! Sorry if I embarrassed you all!
Her presentation was imaginative, engaging and, more importantly, very relevant to our students. I was chatting with them about it afterwards and they said how much they enjoyed listening to her, so much so, the queue to purchase her novel afterwards was trailing out of the library door!
It wasn't the typical promotion of a novel from an author; it was more like a P4C lesson which dealt with some of the sensitive key issues young people are faced with today. Her most recent novel handles topics like homelessness, loss, the influence of technology and self-image, the last of which was her focus outlining fashion trends all the way from the Elizabethan era to today. She had students asking themselves hard-hitting questions about how they are influenced to look a certain way by what advertising and social media standards dictate to us and she encouraged them to 'rebel' against them and be themselves! Bring on the revolution!
In an age where people are obsessed with their phones and gadgets, it was so refreshing to see the impact an author can have on reading good book and why it's so important - we learn key lessons about ourselves.
I have no doubt that her talk will have furthered the enthusiasm for reading many of our students already have and fostered a keen interest in those normally a bit more reluctant to pick up a book and read for enjoyment.
A heartfelt thanks to our librarian staff (in particular Mrs Regan who made the visit possible) - our students are extremely lucky to have such a wonderful team at school. And not forgetting the fantastic Kathryn Evans for delivering a memorable talk which I hope students will always remember about their time at Luffa.
Mrs Machado
Our thanks to the Portsmouth Schools Library Service, Hayling Island Bookshop and, of course, Kathryn herself for making this special event possible. - The Library
Visiting Author Kathryn Evans
Author Kathryn Evans will be visiting Bishop Luffa School and will be speaking to Y8 & Y9 pupils. At lunchtime Kathryn will be signing copies of her new book Beauty Sleep. You can purchase a copy in advance through parentmail no later than Friday 29th March or you can buy one on the day for £7 each. There will be limited copies available.
Laura can't remember who she is. But the rest of the world knows. Because Laura is famous - a dying girl who was frozen until she could be cured. A real-life Sleeping Beauty. But what happens when you wake up one day and the world has moved on forty years? Could you build a new life - while solving the mystery of what happened to the old one? A darkly twisted thriller plunging a pre-tech girl into a futuristic world.
The Library now have 6 micro:bit kits available for you to borrow!
What is micro:bit?
It is a pocket-sized computer 70 times smaller and 18 times faster than the original BBC Micro computers used in schools. It has 25 red LED lights that can flash messages and be used to create games.
There are two programmable buttons that can be used to control games or pause and skip songs on a playlist.
It has an accelerometer so it can detect motion and knows when you're on the move. The built-in compass knows which direction you're heading in and it can use a low energy Bluetooth connection to interact with other devices and the Internet. You can find more information on the hardware in the microbit guide.
World Book Day Celebrations
Thursday 7th March was World Book Day and to celebrate the Library organised a week of activities and events designed to celebrate reading across the school. Many pupils took part in recycling old books into beautiful bookmarks, book title treasure hunts around the Library and a booky Bake-Off. Staff got involved in a Who? And Where? Competition, wearing badges for pupils to find with either a character or a place on, so pupils could match up the fictional people and where they come from. For World Book Day itself pupils and staff transformed classroom and office doors into book covers or designs inspired by stories, with prizes going to 7ST for their enticing entrance to a Secret Garden, 9L2/En for their re-creation of the Extinction Trials cover, and 10Wi for their fantastic, double-sided Hobbit cover.
Of course, an important part of World Book Day is giving pupils the opportunity to choose their own books by giving them a £1 book token to exchange for a specially published World Book Day book, or putting it towards the cost of another book of their choice. This year there's a fantastic selection of £1 books for pupils to choose from so if you or your child has a voucher, please encourage them to spend it before the 31st March.
Mrs Stallard's 7WI class won the book themed decorated door competiton. Thank you to everyone who participated.
WBD Door Competition
We've already had a few entries for our World Book Day Decorated Door Competition. Judging will take place tomorrow morning and we will be looking forward to seeing what each tutor group has come up with!
Photos of the door can be seen below and will be added as they are completed.
World Book Day is just around the corner and we have a week of events planned for you!
We are asking every tutor group to decorate their doors with a book theme. We will be sending around judges to choose the best decorated door.
We also have a Book Cake Competition. Bring in a cake decorated with a book theme to the Library on Thursday 7th March. The cakes will be judged and a winner chosen, then cakes will be cut and sold at lunch time to raise money for charity.
We look forward to seeing you next week!


These powerful LED lights make you stand out from other road users and help light the road on dark nights. Long lasting and maintenance free, the SW Motech Evo Spotlamps are housed in a100% waterproof, tough aluminium casing, and come with a handlebar switch and full fitting instructions.
The lamps are available in either 275 or 375 lumen variants, and cost £271.99.


The show was hysterical and very cleverly staged... with only 4 actors playing all the roles it was amazing to see them transform into another character simply by putting on another hat or taking off a coat. The four actors had INCREDIBLE physical comedy skills - there was a scene where they were staging a chase scene on a train and their body movements and sound effects were incredible! I felt like there was actual motion!
After the show, the girls wanted to wait for Jennifer Ferrin and get a group photo. As I've said, if I don't know anyone in the cast, it's VERY hard for me to wait at the stage door. She was very nice, though and found out that everyone was ATWT fans and gladly took a group photo with all of us.
On Sunday, I decided to give up my bowling tickets to see "In The Heights" again - because it was such an amazing show, that I couldn't leave NYC and NOT see it one last time. I was lucky enough to be able to get Center ORCH, ROW G seats! The show was INCREDIBLE from close up - I could see the expressions on everyone's faces SO much more and it was ten times better than the first time I'd seen it.
I was literally sobbing toward the end of the second act and could hear people sobbing around me... It was something about being able to see Lin-Manuel Miranda's face close up and his expression at the end the finale that really got to me. It's SUCH an amazing show and I'm SOOOO glad that I got to see it a second time.
My final show of my NYC trip was "13" again at the Jacobs Theatre. There were SO many changes since I'd seen it just a week ago and it was very interesting to see how the show was evolving!
When I'd seen it last week, the show was 2 hrs and 15 minutes with a 15 min intermission. But on Sunday night, the show was only 90 minutes with no intermission. There were about 3 songs that were cut from the show... which I think worked better. I liked some of the songs that were cut but I agree that they really didn't help to move the storyline along too much.
I saw Delaney Moro as Kendra on Sunday (I saw her understudy last week) and she seemed to "fit" the role a bit better than her understudy... though Liana Ortiz was adorable in the role last week.
Welcome home! I am glad you made it home safely... and I like your theatre babbles.
YAY, yes, a puppy!! We're picking him up on Friday and visiting him on Wednesday!!
Thanks so much, Andrea!! HUGS!!
Yes!! Mark & I actually decided to get the little boy puppy!! :) We're SOOO excited to see him!!
I can't wait to see pictures of his homecoming and read all about your new baby.
So glad to know that you had a marvelous time! And a new puppy!! SOOOO exciting.
I'm glad you had a safe trip home. It sounds like this NYC trip was fantastic from all the posts that you made. :D And I see that your new little fuzzy baby boy is coming home with you on Friday! How exciting!!! :D Can't wait to see pictures.
Thanks, Carrie!! The NYC trip was INCREDIBLE!! The theatre was just wonderful and I had the best time!! And Mark & I are so excited about our new fuzzy addition to the family!! I will definitely post photos!


AN ACT CONCERNING CUSTOMER ACCESS TO RESTROOMS IN RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS.
The Committee on Public Health reported through REP. RITTER of the 38th Dist., Chairperson of the Committee on the part of the House, that the substitute bill ought to pass.
(5) "Retail establishment" means a place of business open to the general public for the sale of goods or services.
(4) The employee restroom is located in an area of the retail establishment that does not present an obvious risk to the health or safety of the customer or an obvious security risk to the retail establishment.
(c) A retail establishment or employee of a retail establishment shall not be liable for any acts or omissions in providing a customer access to an employee restroom pursuant to the provisions of this section, if such acts or omissions: (1) Do not constitute gross, wilful or wanton negligence on the part of the retail establishment or employee of the retail establishment; (2) occurred in an area of the retail establishment that is not otherwise accessible to customers; and (3) resulted in injury or death of a customer or individual other than an employee accompanying the customer to the restroom.
(d) No retail establishment shall be required to make a physical change to the employee restroom to effectuate the purposes of this section.
(e) The Commissioner of Consumer Protection may impose a civil penalty of not more than one hundred dollars for a violation of this section. Any civil penalty collected pursuant to this subsection shall be deposited in the consumer protection enforcement account established in section 21a-8a of the general statutes.
The bill results in a cost to the state of approximately $95,000 as it would require the Department of Consumer Protection to act on complaints concerning access to restroom facilities in retail establishments. This would necessitate the hiring of one Special Investigator. There are over 4,000 such establishments in the state that would be subject to the provisions of the bill. The bill also results in a potential revenue gain through civil penalties imposed by the commissioner for violations of the bill's provisions.
4. the employee restroom is located in an area of the establishment that does not present an obvious risk to the health or safety of the customer or an obvious security risk to the establishment.
The bill also (1) provides protection from liability for retail establishments and employees under certain conditions, (2) does not require an establishment to make physical changes to the employee restroom to accomplish the bill's purposes, and (3) allows the Department of Consumer Protection commissioner to impose a civil penalty of $100 for a violation, which is deposited in the consumer protection enforcement account.
The bill defines a "retail establishment" as a place of business open to the general public for the sale of goods or services. A "customer" is a person lawfully on the retail establishment's premises. A "restroom" means a room with a toilet.
Under the bill, a retail establishment or its employees are not liable for any acts or omissions in providing customer access to an employee restroom if the acts or omissions: (1) do not constitute gross, willful, or wanton negligence by the establishment or employee, (2) occurred in an area of the establishment not otherwise accessible to customers, and (3) resulted in injury or death to a customer or individual other than the employee accompanying the customer to the restroom.
1 The fringe benefit costs for state employees are budgeted centrally in the Miscellaneous Accounts administered by the Comptroller on an actual cost basis. The following is provided for estimated costs associated with additional personnel. The estimated non-pension fringe benefit rate as a percentage of payroll is 25.43%. Fringe benefit costs for new positions do not initially include pension costs as the state's pension contribution is based upon the 6/30/08 actuarial valuation for the State Employees Retirement System (SERS) which certifies the contribution for FY 10 and FY 11. Therefore, new positions will not impact the state's pension contribution until FY 12 after the next scheduled certification on 6/30/2010.


Wisconsin residents and visitors needing a temporary boating certificate to rent a boat or personal watercraft can now complete a new Wisconsin boat rental course.
The Wisconsin-approved online training covers Wisconsin legal requirements and some safe boating practices. Plus, this official boat rental course features realistic illustrations, interactive animations and live-action video. Students learn safe boating skills such as casting off and docking, understanding traffic laws on the water, Wisconsin-specific rules and regulations, dealing with emergencies and more.
Students who are 16 years or older can complete the Wisconsin boat rental course as quickly as they would like, starting and stopping at their convenience. Most students can complete the course and exam in one to two hours. Students pay a one-time fee only when they pass the test, and they can take the test as many times as they need to.
Upon printing out the certificate, students can legally rent a boat or personal watercraft and operate it on Wisconsin waters. Temporary boating certificates are valid until the end of the calendar year in which the course was completed.
Wisconsin is one of the top boating and fishing destinations in the country, with more than 15,000 lakes, nearly 84,000 river miles, and access to Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, and the Mississippi River.
Department of Natural Resource recreational safety specialists recommend all boat operators complete a boating safety course before heading out on the water. For more information or to start a course, visit http://www.boat-ed.com/wisconsinrental/.


text:
Giants vs. Dodgers — the race to be the Yankees of the West
By SFGate on April 7, 2013 at 4:00 AM
The Giants have won a lot, and the Dodgers have spent a lot. Those are different ways to rule the baseball world, and that's what's featured in my column on the baseball page in Sunday's Chronicle. Giants' president, Larry Baer, tells us whether he wants his club to be the Yankees of the West.
Also, there's quite an anecdote of Baer hanging out with Dodger owners on the eve of the season opener.
Elsewhere on the page, the Shea Hey segment touches on all those swings and misses in Houston and provides a reminder that the A's set a strikeout record last year but hit a bunch of homers along the way, which proved to be a winning formula.
In The Bull Pen, Willie Mays stacks up on the all-time salary list, at least in one category. And other notes/quotes/anecdotes from the first week of the regular season.


text:
Le Centre national de recherche et de production Progress ou TsSKB Progress est le principal centre de production de lanceurs et de véhicules spatiaux de Russie. Il est situé dans la ville de Samara (appelée Kouibychev de 1935 à 1991).

L'Usine d'Aviation
L'établissement de Samara résulte de l'évacuation, en 1941, de l'Usine d'Aviation d'État , située à Moscou, qui produisait des avions et des dirigeables pour le complexe militaro-industriel soviétique depuis les années 1920. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, de 1941 à 1945, l'usine construisit  Iliouchine Il-2 Sturmovik, l'un des meilleurs avions d'attaque au sol de cette époque. Elle s'engagea ensuite dans la production de chasseurs à réaction MiG-9 et MiG-15 ainsi que de bombardiers à réaction Il-28 et Tu-16.

Une usine de missiles
En 1957, fut décidée la fabrication en série de la fusée R-7 Semiorka, développée par l'OKB-1 (le Bureau d'études expérimental ), dirigé par l'ingénieur Sergueï Korolev. Le R-7 Semiorka était conçu comme un missile balistique intercontinental (ICBM). L'usine d'Aviation  fut réunie à l'Usine de moteurs , contiguë. En une dizaine de mois, l'usine fut reconstruite et le personnel envoyé en formation auprès de l'OKB-1 et de l'Usine , à Moscou. La fabrication des R-7 commença en 1958 à Kouibychev et le premier test réussi eut lieu au centre d'essai de Baïkonour le . L'usine se consacra alors à la production en série des missiles R-7 et R-7A. Certains missiles R-7 et R-7A étaient ensuite reconvertis en lanceurs spatiaux dans l'Usine . C'est l'usine Progress qui fabriqua le lanceur qui mit Youri Gagarine en orbite en 1961.

Lanceurs et satellites
En 1965, l'Usine d'Aviation  fut rattachée au Ministère des constructions mécaniques générale et prit le nom de Progress. L'usine abandonna la fabrication de missiles balistiques intercontinentaux pour se consacrer entièrement à la construction d'une famille de lanceurs spatiaux dérivés du R-7 :
 Vostok-M, Voskhod, Soyouz et Molnia.
 Des lanceurs lourds N-1, vers 1970.
 Des lanceurs lourds Energia, dans les années 1980 et 1990, capables de lancer une charge de .
Au total, 1600 lanceurs furent construits par l'usine Progress en 35 ans.

L'usine Progress depuis 1991

Après la dislocation de l'Union soviétique, l'usine Progress fut rattachée à l'Agence spatiale russe (1994). Depuis 1996, elle fait partie du « Centre spatial de Samara », qui regroupe :
 Le bureau d'études TsSKB ;
 L'usine Progress.

En 2000, le Centre emploie environ  personnes, dont  pour l'usine Progress.

Le président français Jacques Chirac a effectué une visite officielle du Centre spatial de Samara le .

Avec la chute des commandes de fusées, l'usine Progress a dû diversifier sa production. Elle est ainsi devenue la principale usine de fabrication de seringues jetables de Russie et même d'Europe.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes
 Usine Progress sur WikiMapia

Entreprise du secteur spatial ayant son siège en Russie
Programme spatial de l'Union soviétique
Programme spatial de la Russie
Entreprise  ayant son siège dans l'oblast de Samara
Samara
Fabricant de lanceur spatial
Organisme récipiendaire de l'ordre de Lénine
Organisme récipiendaire de l'ordre de la révolution d'Octobre
Organisme récipiendaire de l'ordre du Drapeau rouge
Organisme récipiendaire de l'ordre du Drapeau rouge du Travail
Roscosmos


text:
1867 Sanctuary Featured Events
Calendar – All Events
Folk/Roots
Upon the 150th Anniversary of the 1867 Sanctuary
1867 Sanctuary Committee
Alex Otey Trio Performs Gershwin and Other American Standards
« Sharim v'Sharot
Darla Rich Quartet »
Preservation New Jersey and the New Jersey Jazz Society are pleased to welcome the Alex Otey Trio back to the 1867 Sanctuary to perform works of George Gershwin and other American Standards! The trio includes Alex Otey, Chris Clark, and Darrell "Double D" Soltesz.
Alex Otey is a pianist, singer, trumpeter, composer/arranger, producer and recording engineer who has performed with a number of prominent jazz musicians including Aaron Bing, Lew Soloff, and Sunny Stitt, and recorded with Grover Washington Jr and Richie Cole. He's a participant on a GRAMMY® Winning and on two GRAMMY® Nominated projects as a contributing artist, producer and arranger. He performs regularly as a Jazz Piano-Vocalist and hosts The Trenton Jazz Show aired on WWFM JazzOn2 89.1 HD2.
Chris Clark (www.ChrisClarkBass.com) currently teaches double bass at The College of New Jersey, the Lawrenceville School, and Arcadia University. He has previously taught at Rider University and the University of North Texas. He holds degrees in double bass performance from the University of North Texas and the University of North Carolina-Greensboro. Settling to raise a family in New Jersey between the Philadelphia and New York City music scenes, his portfolio has included many orchestral bass tutti performances, including a concerto performance of the Koussevitsky Double Bass Concerto as soloist, local jazz artisan engagements, musical theater productions, cabaret engagements in New York, and solo and chamber music recitals. His bass work helped garner a Grammy nomination in 2012 for the family music release Fitness Rock & Roll by Miss Amy and her Big Kids Band. In 2016, he contributed to the short film "Home," starring New York cabaret artist Charles Baran, a film which has been selected for the Winter Film Awards #WFA2017 in New York City.
Darrell "Double D" Soltesz is a world class drummer, singer, recording/session musician, music consultant who has performed with many prominent jazz/rock/country musicians including Richie Cole, Artimus Pyle (Lynyrd Skynyrd), Keith Carlock (Steely Dan), The Charlie Daniels Band, Johnny Cash and many more Grammy® award winning artists. He also performs with entertainer David Stone: The Johnny Cash Experience to SOLD OUT shows and has appeared at concert/theater venues nationwide including The Keswick Theater, World Café Live, The Sellersville Theater and Atlantic City/Las Vegas Casinos.
Jazz at the 1867 Sanctuary and throughout the Trenton/Princeton area is featured on trenton.jazznearyou.com. Download their app for iOS, Android, and Kindle Fire!
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1867 Sanctuary at Ewing
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Kristin Rebecca with Raph KP
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Majdanek Concentration Camp
Majdanek or KL Lublin was a Nazi concentration camp established on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during German occupation of Poland. Although initially purposed for forced labor rather than extermination, the camp was used to kill people on an industrial scale during Operation Reinhard, the German plan to murder all Jews within their General Government territory of Poland. The camp, which operated from October 1, 1941 until July 22, 1944, was captured nearly intact, because the advance of the Soviet Red Army prevented the SS from destroying most of its infrastructure; but also, due to the ineptitude of commandant Anton Thernes who failed in his task of removing incriminating evidence of war crimes. Majdanek, also known to the SS as Konzentrationslager Lublin, remains the best preserved Nazi concentration camp of the Holocaust.
Unlike other similar camps in Poland, Majdanek was not located in a remote rural location away from population centres, but within the boundaries of a major city (see also: Nisko Plan preceding the formation of the Ghetto). This proximity led the camp to be named 'Majdanek' ("little Majdan") by local people in 1941 because it was adjacent to the city's district of Majdan Tatarski ("Tatar Maidan") in Lublin. The Nazi documents initially called the site "Prisoner of War Camp of the Waffen-SS in Lublin" because of the way it was operated and funded. It was renamed by RSHA in Berlin as Konzentrationslager on April 9, 1943; however, the local Polish name is how it is remembered.
Concentration camp KL Lublin or the "Konzentrationslager Lublin" in German, was established in October 1941, on Heinrich Himmler's orders forwarded to Odilo Globocnik soon after his visit to Lublin on 17–20 July 1941. The initial plan drafted by SS commander Himmler was for the camp to hold 25,000 to 50,000 prisoners.
Following a large numbers of Soviet prisoners of war captured during the Battle of Kiev, the number was subsequently established at 50,000 and construction for that many began on October 1, 1941 (as it did also in Auschwitz-Birkenau, which had received the same order). In early November, the plans were then extended to 125,000, and in December to 150,000, and in March 1942 to 250,000 Soviet prisoners of war.
Construction began with 150 Jewish laborers from Globocnik's Lublin camp, whence the laborers returned each night. Later the workforce included 2,000 Red Army POWs, who had to survive extreme conditions, including sleeping out in the open. By mid-November only 500 of them were still alive, of which at least 30% were incapable of further labor. In mid-December, barracks for 20,000 only were ready when a typhus epidemic broke out, and by January 1942 all the forced laborers—POWs as well as Jews—were dead. All work ceased until March 1942, when new prisoners arrived. Although the camp did eventually have the capacity to hold approximately 50,000 prisoners, it did not grow significantly beyond that size.
In July 1942, Himmler visited Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka; the three camps built specifically for Operation Reinhard – the plan to eliminate Polish Jewry (cf. "Solution of the Jewish Question") in the five districts of occupied Poland that constituted the Nazi Generalgouvernement. Those camps had begun operations in respectively March, May and July of that year. Subsequently, Himmler issued an order that the deportation of Jews to the camps be completed by the end of 1942.
Majdanek was made into a secondary sorting and storage depot at the onset of Operation Reinhard, for property and valuables taken from the victims at the killing centers in Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. However, due to large Jewish populations in south-eastern Poland including Kraków, Lwów, Zamość and Warsaw which were not yet "processed", Majdanek has been refurbished as a killing center around March 1942. The gassing was performed in plain view of other inmates, without as much as a fence around the buildings. Another popular killing method was execution by the squads of Trawnikis. According to the Majdanek museum, the gas chambers began operation in September 1942. and when killings were carried out, the methods used were either using Zyklon B or with the fumes from the captured Soviet tank engines.
Due to the pressing need for foreign manpower in the war industry, the Jewish laborers from Poland were originally spared, and were (for a time) either kept in the ghettos such as the one in Warsaw (which became a concentration camp after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising), or sent to labor camps such as Majdanek where they worked primarily at the Steyr-Daimler-Puch weapons/munitions factory.
By mid-October 1942 the camp held 9,519 registered prisoners, of which 7,468 (or 78.45%) were Jews, and another 1,884 (19.79%) were non-Jewish Poles. By August 1943, there were 16,206 prisoners in the main camp, of which 9,105 (56.18%) were Jews and 3,893 (24.02%) were non-Jewish Poles. Minority contingents included Belarusians, Ukrainians, Russians, Germans, Austrians, Slovenes, Italians, and French and Dutch nationals. According to the data from the official Majdanek State Museum, 300,000 persons were inmates of the camp at one time or another. The prisoner population at any given time was much lower.
From October 1942 onwards, Majdanek also had female overseers. These SS guards, who had been trained at the Ravensbrück concentration camp, included the war criminals Elsa Erich, Hermine Braunsteiner, Hildegard Lächert, Rosy Suess (Süss) and Gertrud Heise (1942–1944).
Majdanek did not initially have subcamps. These were incorporated in early autumn 1943 when the remaining forced labor camps around Lublin including Budzyn, Trawniki, Poniatowa, Krasnik, Pulawy, as well as the "Airstrip", and Lipowa concentration camps became sub-camps of Majdanek.
From 1 September 1941 to 28 May 1942, Alfons Bentele headed the Administration in the camp of Majdanek. Alois Kurz, SS Untersturmführer, was a crew member of the German concentration camp Majdanek, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Mittelbau-Dora who was not charged. On 18 June 1943 Fritz Ritterbusch moved to KL Lublin to become aide-de-camp to the Commandant.
Due to the camp's proximity to Lublin, prisoners were able to communicate with the outside world through letters smuggled out by civilian workers who entered the camp. Many of these surviving letters have been donated by their recipients to the camp museum. In 2008 the museum held a special exhibition displaying a selection of those letters.
From February 1943 onwards the Germans allowed the Polish Red Cross and Central Welfare Council to bring in food for the prisoners to the camp. Prisoners could also receive food packages via the Polish Red Cross addressed to them by name. The Majdanek Museum archives document 10,300 prisoners that received such packages.
Aktion Erntefest
Operation Reinhard continued until early November 1943, when the last Generalgouvernement Jews were exterminated as part of Operation "Harvest festival". With respect to Majdanek, the most notorious of this wave of executions occurred on November 3, 1943 when 18,400 Jews were killed on a single day. On November 4, 25 Jews who had succeeded in hiding during the killings of the day before were found and executed. Another 611 prisoners, 311 women and 300 men, were commanded to sort through the clothes and remains of the dead. The men were at first commanded to bury the dead, but were later assigned to Sonderkommando 1005, where they had to exhume the same bodies for cremation. The men were then themselves executed. The 311 women were subsequently sent to Auschwitz where they were gassed. By the end of Operation "Harvest Festival," Majdanek had only 71 Jews left (out of a total of 6,562 prisoners).
Executions of the remaining prisoners continued at Majdanek in the following months. Between December 1943 and March 1944, Majdanek received approximately 18,000 so-called "invalids," many of whom where subsequently gassed with Zyklon B. Executions by firing squad continued as well, with 600 shot on January 21, 1944, 180 shot on January 23, 1944, and 200 shot on March 24, 1944.
Adjutant Karl Hoecker's trial reveals his culpability in mass murders committed at this camp. "On 3 May 1989 a district court in the Germany city of Bielefeld sentenced Höcker to four years imprisonment for his involvement in gassing to death prisoners, primarily Polish Jews, in the concentration camp Majdanek in Poland. Camp records showed that between May 1943 and May 1944 Höcker had acquired at least 3,610 kilograms of Zyklon B poisonous gas for use in Majdanek from the Hamburg firm of Tesch & Stabenow." In addition, Commandant Rudolf Hoess of Auschwitz wrote in his memoirs, penned while awaiting trial in Poland, that one method of murder used at Majdanek (KZ Lublin) was Zyklon-B.
In late July 1944, with Soviet forces rapidly approached Lublin, the Germans hastily evacuated the camp. However, the staff had only succeeded in partially destroying the crematoria before Soviet Red Army troops arrived on July 24, 1944, making Majdanek the best-preserved camp of the Holocaust. It was the first major concentration camp liberated by Allied forces, and the horrors found there were widely publicised.
Although 1,000 inmates had previously been forcibly marched to Auschwitz (of whom only half arrived alive), the Red Army still found thousands of inmates, mainly POWs, still in the camp and ample evidence of the mass murder that had occurred there.
Death Toll
The total number of victims is controversial, beginning with the research of Judge Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz dating back to 1948, who gave the figure of 360,000 victims. It was followed by estimation of around 235,000 victims by Dr. Czesław Rajca (1992) from the Majdanek Museum, which was cited by the museum for years. The most recent figure was given in 2005 by Tomasz Kranz also from the Museum. It is considered "incredibly low" by now retired Dr. Rajca, nevertheless it has been accepted by the Museum Board of Directors "with a certain caution", pending further research into the number of prisoners who were not entered into the Holocaust train records by German camp administration which is a known fact. For now, the Museum informs that based on new research, some 150,000 prisoners arrived at Majdanek during the 34 months of its existence. Of the more than 2,000,000 Jewish people killed in the course of Operation Reinhard, some 60,000 Jews (56,000 known by name) were most certainly exterminated at Majdanek, amongst its almost 80,000 victims accounted for, altogether.
The Soviets initially overestimated the number of deaths, claiming at the Nuremberg Trials in July 1944 that there were no fewer than 400,000 Jewish victims, and the official Soviet count was of 1.5 million victims of different nationalities, Independent Canadian journalist Raymond Arthur Davies, who was based in Moscow and on the payroll of the Canadian Jewish Congress, visited Majdanek on August 28, 1944. The following day he sent a telegram to Saul Hayes, the executive director of the Canadian Jewish Congress. It states: "I do wish to stress that Majdanek where one million Jews and half a million others were killed" and "You can tell America that at least three million Polish Jews were killed of whom at least a third were killed in Majdanek" though this estimate was never taken seriously by scholars.
In 1961, Raul Hilberg estimated the number of the Jewish victims at 50,000, though at the time other sources, including the camp museum, officially estimated 100,000 Jewish victims and up to 200,000 non-Jews killed. In 1992, Dr. Czesław Rajca published his own estimate of 235,000; it was displayed at the camp museum. The 2005 research by the Head of Scientific Department at Majdanek Museum, historian Tomasz Kranz indicated that there were 79,000 victims, 59,000 of whom were Jews.
The differences in estimates stem from different methods used for estimating and the amounts of evidence available to the researchers. The Soviet figures relied on the most crude methodology, also used to make early Auschwitz estimates—it was assumed that the number of victims more or less corresponded to the crematoria capacities. Later researchers tried to take much more evidence into account, using records of deportations and population censuses, as well as the Nazis' own records. Hilberg's 1961 estimate, using these records, aligns closely with Kranz's report.
The well-preserved original ovens in the second Crematorium at Majdanek were built in 1943 by Heinrich Kori. They replaced the ovens brought to Majdanek from Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1942.
After the liberation, in August 1944 the Soviets protected the camp area and convened a special Polish-Soviet commission, to investigate and document the crimes against humanity committed at Majdanek. This effort constitutes one of the first attempts to document the Nazi war crimes in Eastern Europe. In the fall of 1944 the Majdanek State Museum was founded on the grounds of the Majdanek concentration camp. In 1947 the actual camp became the monument of martyrology by the decree of Polish Parliament. In the same year, some 1,300 m³ of surface soil mixed with human ashes and fragments of bones was collected and turned into a large mound. Majdanek received the status of the national museum in 1965.
Memorial at the "entry gate" to the camp. The symbolic Pylon meant to represent mangled bodies, reads like an abstracted Yiddish sign for Lublin: לובלין
The mausoleum erected in 1969 contains ashes and remains of cremated victims, collected into a mound after liberation of the camp in 1944
Some Nazi personnel of the camp were prosecuted immediately after the war, and some in the decades afterward. In November and December 1944, four SS Men and two kapos were placed on trial; one committed suicide and the rest were hanged on December 3, 1944. The last major, widely publicized prosecution of 16 SS members from Majdanek (Majdanek-Prozess in German) took place from 1975 to 1981 in West Germany. However, of the 1,037 SS members who worked at Majdanek and are known by name, only 170 were prosecuted. This was due to a rule applied by the West German justice system that only those directly involved in the murder process could be charged.
Camp Commandants
SS-Standartenführer – Karl-Otto Koch (October 1941 to August 1942), executed by the SS on 5 April 1945 for robbing the Reich of Jewish gold and money.
SS-Sturmbannführer – Max Koegel (August 1942 to November 1942), committed suicide in his prison cell a day after his arrest on June 27, 1946.
SS-Obersturmführer – Hermann Florstedt (November 1942 to October 1943), executed by the SS for stealing from the Reich to become exuberantly rich, same as Koch.
SS-Obersturmbannführer – Martin Gottfried Weiss (November 1, 1943 to May 5, 1944)
SS-Obersturmbannführer – Arthur Liebehenschel (May 5, 1944 to July 22, 1944)
The second in command was SS Obersturmführer Anton (Anthony) Thernes
In July 1969, on the 25th anniversary of its liberation, a large monument designed by Wiktor Tołkin (a.k.a. Victor Tolkin) was constructed at the site. It consists of two parts: a large gate monument at the camp's entrance and a large mausoleum holding ashes of the victims at its opposite end.
In October 2005, in cooperation with the Majdanek museum, four Majdanek survivors returned to the site and enabled archaeologists to find some 50 objects which had been buried by inmates, including watches, earrings, and wedding rings. According to the documentary film Buried Prayers, this was the largest reported recovery of valuables in a death camp to date. Interviews between government historians and Jewish survivors were not frequent before 2005.
In December 2005, construction work started on a large trade and entertainment complex near Lipowa (named Lindenstraße during the occupation) and Sklodowskiej streets in Lublin, where a Majdanek sub-camp existed between 1940 and 1944. The main investor in the complex is the Plaza Centers Group, which (according to its website) is a member of the Europe Israel Group controlled by founder Mordechay Zisser.
The camp today occupies about half of its original 2.7 km2 (ca. 670 acres), and—but for the former buildings—is mostly bare. A fire in August 2010 destroyed one of the wooden buildings that was being used as a museum to house seven thousand pairs of prisoners' shoes. The city of Lublin has tripled in size since the end of World War II, and even the main camp is today within the boundaries of the city of Lublin. It is clearly visible to many inhabitants of the city's high-rises, a fact that many visitors remark upon. The gardens of houses and flats border on and overlook the camp.
Concentration Camp lublin Majdanek Mausoleum nazi Poland
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