A member of Iraqi counterterrorism forces stands guard near Islamic State militant graffiti in Fallujah, Iraq, on June 27, 2016.
When the Iraqi government declared victory on Sunday after routing Islamic State gunmen from the key city of Fallujah, it cleared a major hurdle on the way to a much larger and more complicated fight for the ISIS-held city of Mosul in northern Iraq.
The victory in Fallujah deprives ISIS of an important territorial asset, a city 40 miles west of Baghdad from which jihadists directed a lethal campaign of car bombings in the capital. Now all eyes turn north, toward Mosul, the largest city still under ISIS control and the most significant strategic prize in the land campaign against the terror group.
The recapture of Fallujah provides hints—some promising, some foreboding—about how the fight for Mosul might proceed. The operation demonstrated how rival U.S. and Iranian-backed forces can avoid conflict and even cooperate in the battle against ISIS, but major questions remain about how to secure and rebuild Fallujah, resettle the tens of thousands of civilians who fled the fighting and establish a sustainable peace in a city that has long been riven by sectarian divisions.
Aid agencies have expressed alarm about the ongoing plight of at least 84,000 people currently displaced from Fallujah. Without a safe pathway out of the city, civilians fleeing the recent battle were forced to brave gunfire and explosives in the streets. Some drowned while crossing the Euphrates River. Even those who managed to escape are now stranded in the searing summer heat in camps outside the city with limited supplies of food, water, and medicine.
Following the chaotic exodus of civilians from Fallujah, aid organizations say more needs to be done to prepare for the even larger flow of displaced people that will result from any battle in Mosul, where an estimated 600,000 people are currently living under ISIS rule. That means establishing a safe route for civilians to exit and ensuring a humanitarian infrastructure is in place before the battle begins.
An explosion in Sinjar, Iraq, May 13, 2016, near Mount Sinjar, Nineveh Province, Iraq. Kurdish forces retook the town from ISIS in Nov. 2015. Its population in 2013 was estimated at 88,023.
Iraqi Army commanders survey the front line in the villageof Kharbardan, south of Mosul, May 18 2016. The Iraqi military seized the village from ISIS in March, as a part of a grinding march toward the city of Mosul, a major city that has been under ISIS control since June 2014.
The Iraqi army at a front line position in the village of Kharbardan, south of Mosul, May 18 2016.
An Iraqi soldier prays south of Mosul, May 18, 2016. The Iraqi military is preparing for a major offensive to retake the city of Mosul from ISIS control.
View from Inside a Humvee on the front line in the village of Kharbardan, south of Mosul, Iraq, May 18 2016.
A member of the Hashid Watani (National Mobilization Force), a group of Sunni Arab Iraqi fighters opposed to ISIS, stands along the front line south of the city of Mosul, May 18 2016.
Qubad Miqdad Murad, a police officer in his thirties, stands in a camp for internally displaced people near the Iraqi town of Sinjar, May 13, 2016. Murad returned to Sinjar after Kurdish forces recaptured it from ISIS in Nov. 2015, but he since decided to move to the IDP camp in the mountains above Sinjar, fearing for the safety of his family as ISIS continues to shell the area.
Internally displaced people (IDP's) appear in a camp in the mountains above the Iraqi town of Sinjar, May 13, 2016. Thousands of people remain displaced since ISIS' 2014 capture of the town. U.S.-backed Kurdish fighters reclaimed the town in Nov. 2015, but destruction and fighting in the area prevent most residents from returning.
Kurdish fighters take a break while standing guard along the front line against Islamic State forces (ISIS) outside the town of Sinjar in northern Iraq, May 12, 2016. Reclaimed by Kurdish forces in Nov. 2015, Sinjar is a strategic point between Syria and the ISIS-held city of Mosul.
A small Peshmerga outpost outside in Makhmour, Iraq, May 8, 2016.
A member of the Kurdish Peshmerga armed forces sits atop sandbags, overlooking the ISIS-held city of Mosul, northern Iraq, May 9, 2016. The Kurdish fighters holding the line against ISIS are so close to ISIS positions that they can even pick up the jihadists' radio broadcasts, including propaganda and religious programing. Days earlier, the Kurdish fighters at the Bashiqa front repelled an attack that left at least two dead among their ranks.
Buildings lay in ruins in the Iraqi town of Sinjar, May 13, 2016. Backed by U.S.-led airstrikes, Kurdish forces retook the town from ISIS in November 2015.
Kurdish fighters hold the front line against Islamic State militants outside the town of Sinjar, northern Iraq, May 12, 2016. Backed by airstrikes from a U.S.-led military coalition, Kurdish forces retook the town from ISIS in November 2015.
Kurdish Peshmerga at a small outpost near Makhmour, Kurdistan, northern Iraq, May 8, 2016. These fighters, many armed only with Russian AKs, blocked the ISIS advance into Kurdistan in 2014 after tens of thousands in the Iraqi Army that were trained and equipped with U.S. tanks and artillery fled, abandoning equipment and shedding their uniforms. In late 2015, the Peshmerga quietly opened their base in Makhmour.
An Iraqi Kurdish fighter exhales tobacco smoke at the front line facing ISIS militants outside the town of Makhmour, northern Iraq, May 8, 2016. Makhmour is one of the key fronts in the battle between Iraqi forces and the jihadists of ISIS. But as a result of disagreements and distrust among rival factions, the overall campaign against ISIS is proceeding slowly. A long-anticipated operation to retake the nearby city of Mosul has been delayed for months.
Kurdish Peshmerga at the Dogherkan front, a small Peshmerga outpost near Makhmour, Kurdistan, Iraq, May 8, 2016.
Men and boys dig a grave for a man named Ahmed Mohamed Ali, in a camp for internally displaced people (IDP's) near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, May 17, 2016. According to camp residents, Ali had been injured during the Iraqi military's offensive on ISIS-held villages in the area, and later collapsed at a local mosque in Makhmour, Kurdistan, Iraq, May 2016. The United Nations said in April that as many as 30,000 people could be forced to flee instability in the Makhmour area, as the Iraqi military pursues an offensive against Islamic State militants in the district.
A 16-year old boy at a camp for displaced people outside the city of Dohuk in Iraq's autonomous Kurdish region, May 19, 2016. The teenager was taken captive by ISIS fighters in the summer of 2014 and underwent months of forced military training before escaping in 2015.
Men pray outside a camp for internally displaced people (IDP's) near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, May 17, 2016. The United Nations said in April that as many as 30,000 people could be forced to flee instability in the Makhmour area, as the Iraqi military pursues an offensive against Islamic State militants.
The front line near the village of Sultan Abdullah, northern Iraq, May 15, 2016. Kurdish forces are defending their lines against ISIS in northern Iraq, rather than actively pushing into ISIS held territory.
A U.S. Army soldier John Crowmer, 23, from Noblesville, IN, guards the U.S. military base at Camp Swift, near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, May 17, 2016. As of April, at least 4,087 U.S. military personnel were deployed in Iraq, many of them backing Iraqi forces in the drive to reclaim territory from ISIS.
Members of the U.S. Army relax inside a makeshift barracks at Camp Swift, a U.S. forward base near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, Iraq, May 17, 2016. As of April, at least 4,087 U.S. military personnel were deployed in Iraq, many of them backing Iraqi forces in the drive to reclaim territory from ISIS.
U.S. Officers and soldiers from the U.S. military, Iraqi armed forces, and Kurdish forces, participate in a U.S. transfer of authority ceremony in Erbil, in northern Iraq's semi-autonomous Kurdish region, May 17, 2016.
Hearts, the insignia of the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division, are painted on the fortifications at Camp Swift, a U.S. forward base near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, May 17, 2016.
Children peer from a window in a tent in a camp for internally displaced people (IDP's) outside the city of Dohuk, in Iraq's autonomous Kurdish region, May 19, 2016.
A displaced child sits in a tent in a camp near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, northern Iraq, May 2016. The United Nations said in April that as many as 30,000 people could be forced to flee instability in the Makhmour area, as the Iraqi military pursues an offensive against Islamic State militants in the district.
Displaced families at a camp near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, northern Iraq, May 15, 2016. The United Nations said in April that as many as 30,000 people could be forced to flee instability in the Makhmour area, as the Iraqi military pursues an offensive against Islamic State militants.
Khero Elias Khalad, 50, sits in an apartment in the Iraqi town of Sinjar, May 13, 2016. Khalaf fled with his family when ISIS fighters overran the town in Aug. 2014. A shopkeeper, he has returned to live in Sinjar since it was recaptured by Kurdish armed forces in Nov. 2015.
Nasima Abdo, 35, a member of the Yazidi religious minority, appears in a camp for displaced people outside the city of Dohuk, in Iraq's autonomous Kurdish region, May 19, 2016. Abdo and three of her children were taken captive by ISIS fighters in August 2014. After months in captivity, she escaped, while two of her children remain in ISIS' hands.
Displaced people in a camp outisde the Iraqi town of Makhmour, near the front line where the Iraqi Army is fighting the Islamic State (ISIS). According to the U.N., at least 3.4 million people have been displaced in Iraq since Jan. 2014.
Displaced people share food in a camp near the Iraqi town of Makhmour, northern Iraq, May 2016.
A young girl walks by a wall in the town of Tuz Khurmatu, northern Iraq, May 20, 2016. Walls have been installed in the city as a result of recent fighting between rival Kurdish and Shiite Turkmen factions. The deadly clashes signaled tension among among two groups nominally united in the broader fight against ISIS.
A local militia fighter rides past destroyed buildings in the town of Bashir, Iraq, May 10, 2016.
Among the many challenges facing Iraqi authorities is keeping ISIS operatives from infiltrating government-held territory by slipping in among fleeing civilians. But doing so carries major human rights risks—Iraqi forces routinely separated men from women fleeing Fallujah, leading to the reported disappearance of hundreds of men. According to Human Rights Watch, there is also evidence that pro-government forces also tortured detainees and in one case summarily executed more than a dozen civilians.
Evidence compiled by rights groups suggests that some of the abuses were carried out by government forces such as the Federal Police. Others were the fault of government-allied, Shiite-dominated militias called Popular Mobilization forces. Organized in 2014 as a bulwark against ISIS after the Iraqi national army collapsed, the Popular Mobilization groups now play a central but controversial role in the civil war. Critics accuse the Shiite-dominated militias of punishing ordinary Sunni civilians. The leaders of the militias deny those charges, but there's no doubt that using Shiite militias to fight the Sunni jihadists of ISIS risks alienating ordinary Sunni Iraqis.
In Fallujah, Iraqi leaders can look to some positive signs. Pro-government forces retook the city after nearly five weeks of fighting. The battle ended more quickly than expected as ISIS forces abandoned the area. Some observers had feared a repeat of the intense urban warfare experienced by U.S., Iraqi, and British troops fighting a Sunni-led insurgency there in 2004, one of the deadliest battles in the nearly decade-long U.S.-led occupation.
Analysts say the fight for Fallujah was also an example of coordination among rival forces, including U.S.-trained troops and pro-Shiite militias that lean toward Iran. In Fallujah, Iraqi police, special forces and Popular Mobilization forces all participated in the battle—and in a surprisingly harmonious way.
Before the launch of the operation in May, massive protests against the government of Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi spurred the competing forces toward coordination, according to Maria Fantappie, a senior analyst with International Crisis Group. "When the domestic crisis unfolded, there was, I think, a renegotiation in an indirect way between the two sides over this issue," says Fantappie, speaking by phone from Iraq.
A rough division of labor emerged, with Iran-backed forces deployed on the northwest outskirts of the city and U.S.-backed forces in the south. "There was a sort of understanding of who should be where, and that actually allowed the operation to unfold," she says.
But in Mosul the political puzzle is even more complicated, with the Iraqi national army, U.S. military and pro-Shiite militias all expected to play different roles. Adding yet another layer of complexity, Mosul is flanked on three sides by Kurdish forces who do not answer to the central government in Baghdad. Before the battle for Mosul can begin in earnest, the government must reach an understanding with the Kurdish regional government based in the city of northern Erbil. The two leaderships have yet to decide the exact role Kurdish forces will play in the battle, including how close they will get to the center of the majority Arab city. Because Mosul lies close to Kurdish-controlled land, any negotiations over the future of the city will trigger delicate questions of Kurdish aspirations for greater autonomy or even full independence.
The battle for Mosul will also be far larger than the effort to liberate Fallujah, and the Iraqi government's current military campaign in the north is unfolding at a halting pace as the army recaptures villages one by one along the Tigris River south of Mosul. With some exceptions, Kurdish forces are holding static front line positions, awaiting orders for the final battle. Officials and analysts say an attack on the city of Mosul is months away at least, if not longer.
Ultimately defeating ISIS in Sunni-majority cities like Fallujah and Mosul will also require reestablishing a social contract with Iraq's minority Sunni Arab citizens, many of whom feel neglected by the Shiite-dominated central government in the years since the toppling of dictator Saddam Hussein in the U.S. invasion of 2003.


As an author your brand is you. In today's modern world social media is a must for building your brand. This infographic by Launch Yourself gives a nice overview of how you can use 10 different social networks to grow your personal brand online.
What sites are you using to build your brand?


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NLE Choppa drops high-energy visual for "I.Y.B."
The track will appear on Choppa's forthcoming album 'Me vs. Me.'
Come Dec. 17, NLE Choppa will release the new album Me vs. Me, which will come with 16 songs — including the already released standouts "Mmm Hmm," "Final Warning," "Jumpin" with Polo G, and "I.Y.B.," the last of which the Memphis emcee blessed his fans with last week. Produced by Quay Global, the track sees Choppa taking things back to earlier days in regards to its hard-hitting subject matter:
"Pretty Ricky glizzy, but this shit can get ugly, shoot a nigga in his face, if he start muggin', hop in the steamer, this bitch is a Beamer, bake in the kitchen like I was Anita, say she want kids, so I'm gonna feed her, her nigga got wrong, so I had to beat him, don't get wrong, bitch, I love redrum, got a whole lotta bread, I ain't talkin' 'bout crumbs…"
Directed by Krispy Kam, the new visual for "I.Y.B." matches its high energy with shots of Choppa and his well-armed crew turning up in difference locations — in (and on top of) a SUV, in a graffiti-filled room, and more. Both quick-fire dancing and random wrestling moves are in full abundance throughout the clip.
As you're probably aware, 2020 was a huge year for NLE Choppa, beginning with his joining the likes of Fivio Foreign, Rod Wave, Lil Keed, Jack Harlow, and Polo G as one of last year's XXL Freshmen. Choppa then followed that with the arrival of his debut LP Top Shotta, a 20-track offering that saw a wealth of contributions from Latto, Roddy Ricch, Chief Keef, and Lil Baby. The project was a commercial success, earning him both a top ten placement on the Billboard 200 and a subsequent Gold certification. Months later, he would return with the mixtape From Dark To Light, a more positively-directed effort that contained 13 cuts and assists from Big Sean and Ink.
Check out Choppa's "I.Y.B." video below.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The DDS Dentures + Implant Solutions of Tupelo offers state of the art dental care, and with our "price-beat guarantee," we promise we can beat any licensed dentist's treatment plan price by at least 10 percent. If you're missing teeth or are suffering from decay or periodontal disease, consider getting a set of our quality-made dentures. You could have a brand-new smile without months of waiting for your teeth. Although we offer a number of general dentistry services including extractions, dental implants, crowns and bridges, we focus on dentures in a special way. We have the highest quality, most professional implant dentists and denture dentists. With our in-house labs, we are able to provide your dentures in as little as one day. Maintaining a healthy smile can not only boost your confidence but positively impact your overall health.
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Q: What is a Functional Descriptor in USB standards? I am new to USB and I am trying to develop a library that can do Device Firmware Upgrade in our application.
The DFU Standard http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/devclass_docs/DFU_1.1.pdf talks about Run-Time DFU Functional Descriptor.
I understand what Device, configuration, interface and endpoint descriptors are but I don't know what Functional descriptors are. Therefore my questions are:
1. What is a Functional Descriptor?
2. How do I retrieve information about Functional Descriptor?
I am working with libusbto do my work. So if you have any examples, that'll be great help.

A: 1 - Device, Configuration, Interface, Endpoint are standard descriptors for defining a device and its interfaces. These descriptors contain generic information and can be read by the USB device driver.

But Functional descriptors are device class specific and its known to
  only the class drivers. So every class such as CDC, DFU, HID, etc. has
  their own functional descriptor specific to the class functionalities.

Functional descriptor describes the class specific contents within interface descriptor. A class specific interface descriptor can have more than one functional descriptor. Functional descriptors have common header format.
2 - Since functional descriptors are part of class interface descriptor, please read the interface descriptor using libusb API and you will get the functional descriptor too.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


USA-For the fifth consecutive year,synaesthesiax LD JC Campbell played an active role in the four-day Wakarusa Music and Arts Festival in the Ozarks of Northern Arkansas.
However,this was his first year with responsibility for lighting a complete stage;working for suppliers Midnight Lighting,he produced the lighting plot for the Outpost tent,using large quantities of fast moving GLP LED heads to create the wow factor among the more conventional luminaires.
Promoted by Pipeline Productions,and held in the picturesque Mulberry Mountain,the festival featured five stages in all-including Outpost,a medium-sized tent with a self-climbing grid.
Suspended from the raked overhead trusses,JC Campbell used eight Spot One and 12 Volklicht Zooms;four of the Spot Ones were evenly spaced on each section of US truss,while the Volkslicht Zooms were set in pods of three on the ends of both DS trusses.
As with all festivals,the lighting dynamic needs to maintain its impact in daylight conditions,through dusk and into night-but working in a tent all weekend the LD was fortunate in having to deal only with bounce instead of direct sunlight.
"We ran lights for every act starting at 1pm,"he stated."During the day,the Spot Ones still yielded a sharp beam in the haze and had enough output to overcome any daylight bounce,while still providing colour on the roof of the tent.But one of the greatest daytime benefits was being able to reduce the temperature on stage by not using the par cans-since the Volkslichts provided an excellent wash."
He also noted that the Volklicht Zooms yielded"a beautiful amber and a stunning white",while the reds of the Spot Ones were"unbelievable".
In fact the generous colour palettes of the GLP FX enabled him to provide sympathetic lighting for the whole genre of acts-from Bluegrass(Del McCoury)right through to Dubstep(Mimosa),while other notable acts appearing on the stage included EOTO,Keller Williams,Balkan Beat Box,Papadosio and Paper Diamond.
He highlighted EOTO as being one of the performances where the Spot Ones really tied the room together."I ran this as a minimalist show,as there was a large,video-mapped lotus flower onstage with some incredible custom content rolling.The accuracy of the Spot Ones allowed me to accent a video heavy production with beams and images without washing out the visual on the 14ft x 24ft set piece."
It was JC himself who had originally introduced Midnight Lighting to GLP's technology and started using their fixtures on tour four years ago.
"I am continually pleased with the performance of our GLP gear,"he says."The versatility of the Volkslicht Zooms is amazing-they provide a smooth even wash for the bands and turn around and provide high speed aerials for the DJs.
"I had multiple touring LDs and PMs who had nothing but good things to say about the Spot Ones.Their images are sharp and even,their feature set is complete and efficient,their colors are rich and bright,their movement is fast and smooth-and this is before you consider the maintenance cycle being virtually non-existent and how little power they draw."
At Wakarusa JC Campbell was assisted by a crew that included Tony Martucci and Cameron Beasley as Tech/LDs and Samantha Hamilton as Production Assistant.Summarising the impact of the festival rig,he stated,"It really exceeded my expectations with its versatility to light a proper performance space day and night-in the middle of a field at the top of the Ozark Mountains."


text:
Q: retrieving records from database by array of id's in php mysql I have stuck with a problem here, i want to retrieve records from a table with a condition as follows:
table:
ID    NAME
1     name1
2     name2
3     name3
4     name4
5     name5

$idlist = array(1,2,3,4);

SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE id='$idlist'

Unlike normal condition, i want to get all the records by using list of id's that $idlist array holds.
Thanks in Advance

A: Use IN keyword to achieve your goal
$idlist = array(1,2,3,4);
$idlist_str = implode(",",$idlist);
SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE id IN ($idlist_str);

See implode
See IN

A: You can use MYSQL IN Clause, it requires comma separated ids.
You need to convert you array into comma seprated by using
PHP implode.
See MYSQL IN
$idlist = array(1,2,3,4);
$IDs = implode(',',$idlist);
SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE id IN ('$idlist');

SQL Fiddle Demo.

A: SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE id IN(1,2,3,4)

please try this one

A: You should use implode function:
'SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE id IN (' . implode(',', $idlist) . ')'


The Strength of Laminate Flooring For Any Room.
Mohawk's SolidTech SPC (Solid Plastic Core) rigid vinyl plank flooring combines the strength, rigidity and realistic beauty of a laminate floor with the water proof characteristic of vinyl. Designed for active households, SolidTech is completely water proof and unlike laminate and hardwood floors, can be wet mopped. SolidTech is also odor, scratch and dent resistant , making it a perfect choice with pets. SolidTech is easy to maintain—routine sweeping and wet mopping keeps the floor looking new.
Featuring the best in class Uniclic MultiFit locking mechanism, SolidTech is super easy to install for do-it-yourself and can be installed over many different types of subfloors, both on, above and below grade. You save time and money when you DIY.
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text:
Renewable energy use exceeds use of fossil energy, and biogas included in the distribution obligation
In 2020, the use of renewable energy in total energy consumption surpassed the use of fossil energy. The rapid increase in the price of emission allowances promotes investments in renewable energy and their use.
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment submits informed conclusion on EIA report of Loviisa nuclear power plant
On 14 January 2022, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment released its informed conclusion on the environmental impact assessment report of Fortum Power and Heat Oy's nuclear power plant in Loviisa. In the conclusion, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, as the coordinating authority, states its view on the significant environmental impacts of the project. The conclusion is based on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) report, statements and opinions issued, and the Ministry's own evaluation.
Elements of AI course continues to increase artificial intelligence skills among Europeans
Elements of AI, launched during Finland's Presidency of the Council of the EU, is the first educational course launched across Europe and an important investment in artificial intelligence (AI) skills throughout the continent. The course is available in all official EU languages. It was started with funding from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment and will continue to increase Europeans' competence in AI in cooperation with the University of Helsinki and Reaktor.
Migration Institute report highlights development needs for authorities to better prevent exploitation of foreign labour
The exploitation of foreign labour is expected to grow in Finland as work-based immigration increases. Preventing problems requires more information on exploitation-related phenomena and investments in the resources and cooperation between authorities.
Finland performs comparably well in implementing EU Single Market rules
The European Commission has published the Single Market scoreboard that measures the implementation of the Single Market rules in the Union during 2020. The Single Market refers to the free movement of people, goods, services and capital in the EU. The Commission has extended the scope of the scoreboard to include three new policy areas: business environment for SMEs, greening of the industry, and market surveillance.
New advisory board to strengthen cooperation necessary to prevent exploitation of foreign labour
3.1.2022 12.29
Finland's objective is to increase labour migration and to combat the exploitation of foreign labour. The exploitation of foreign workers, which has come to light in recent years, has underlined the need for cooperation between different operators. A new advisory board appointed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment will support efforts to stop exploitation of foreign workers and entrepreneurs.
Amendments to Chemicals Safety Act, Mining Act and Nuclear Energy Act
The Act on the Safe Handling and Storage of Dangerous Chemicals and Explosives, the Mining Act and the Nuclear Energy Act will be amended as of 31 December 2021. The legislative amendments will complement the implementation of EU legislation in national legislation.
Press release 18.1.2022 12.18
Ministerial working group on COVID-19 decides on compensation for costs of restrictive measures and on additional restrictions to be placed on food and beverage service businesses
Family leave reform enters into force in August 2022
Social economy can create sustainable wellbeing in Finland and throughout Europe
Tuija Oivo
Column 12.1.2022 11.52
Intelligence and artificial intelligence are key to improving labour market matching
Elina Pylkkänen
Column 23.11.2021 8.54
Local government pilots offer lessons on cooperation and joint development
Marja-Riitta Pihlman Tuula Haatainen
Finland defends strong EU competition policy
Olli Hyvärinen
During its current term, the Government will take employment measures that bolster the economy, aimed at achieving an employment-generating impact amounting to 80,000 new jobs.
Funding to companies
The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment and government agencies under its purview will open calls for funding applications from companies under Finland's Sustainable Growth Programme in autumn 2021.
More information on funding
The objective of the Government's joint Talent Boost programme is to make Finland more attractive to international talents and to channel the expertise of international talents already in Finland to support growth, internationalisation and innovation in Finnish companies.
Talent Boost -programme
Tuula Haatainen
Mika Lintilä


Early registration closes next week for the Colorado River Water Users Association 2016 Annual Convention in Las Vegas.
A multi-year drought has settled in across much of the Colorado River Basin and California. Communicating the seriousness of the problem and strategies for dealing with the long- and short-term shortages is the goal of the, "Communicating the Drought: A Call to Action," with Colorado River expert, John Fleck.
John Fleck is Professor of Practice in Water Policy and Governance in the University of New Mexico Department of Economics and director of the university's Water Resources Program, where he co-teaches classes in contemporary water policy issues, modeling, and technical communication for water managers. A science journalist with 30 years of newspaper experience, he first wrote about water in the 1980s as a beat reporter covering the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. He is the author of the book Water is for Fighting Over and Other Myths About Water in the West, an exploration of solutions to the Colorado River Basin's water problems, published by Island Press.
Be sure to check out the agenda and register.


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Stick Control by George L. Stone is perhaps the most widely accepted text on "pure" technique for snare drum. However, many drum set players of very high caliber have also mentioned this book as a constant study source. Although any good method book can be expanded upon, the Stick Control book lends itself particularly well towards this end, due in part to the relatively simple rhythmic content. Very often the more graphic a text, the more difficult it is to apply many variations. Without leeway for variations it becomes difficult to draw something "personal" out of a book and it's these personal excursions into material that help us to develop style. Very highly acclaimed teachers such as Alan Dawson, have developed extensive uses for this book geared towards developing both the player as an individual and his four-way coordination.
The following outline should help spark some ideas about the creative uses that can be made of this book. All suggestions will work with the first three pages and most will sound effective with the entire book. The categories are broken down according to the number of pitches used. These are a result of my own experiences and are not intended to be the final word on the book. Look at them as a point of departure. Remember to repeat the exercises to the point where you can really hear them and not merely execute them. Great credit and appreciation goes to those whom I "borrowed" from. They are indicated appropriately. Good luck!
B. Accent all R parts.
C. Accent all L parts.
G. Play each exercise on pp. 5-7 in sequence but add 2 bars of quarter notes (4 rights and 4 lefts). Repeat and add 2 bars of eighths (8 rights and 8 lefts). Make the additions after each numbered exercise. This is similar to a method used by Alan Dawson.
A. Each hand on a different drum.
B. Alternate left hand part between two drums.
C. Alternate right hand part between two drums.
D. Bass taps quarters while printed part is played on snare.
E. Hi-hat taps quarters while printed part is played on snare.
F. Bass plays right part while left parts are played on snare.
G. Bass plays L parts while hands alternate the R part on the snare. This is also an Alan Dawson method.
H. Play as above but substitute alternated flams for all R's.
A. Bass plays straight four; hi-hat on 2 and 4; printed part on snare.
hi-hat plays 2 and 4; printed part on snare. This will produce a Latin feel.
C. Add accents to the above.
D. Play as letter H of previous category but use right hand on a tom-tom.
E. As above but use left hand on a different tom-tom.
F. For fusion or funk styles play as letter H in previous category but use right hand on hi-hat.
G. As above but use left hand on hi-hat.
H. Experiment with open hi-hat sounds on letters F and G.
I. Play straight four on bass; play R part on hi-hat and L part on snare.
J. All R parts with right hand on hi-hat; bass plays R part also; L part on snare with left hand. Try combining several consecutive patterns in this style.
K. For jazz style play jazz cymbal rhythm with right hand while playing printed pattern with bass on all R's and left hand on all L's. Use jazz interpretation.
L. Play bass in Latin style while doing written sticking on two different drums.
M. Do as letter H of previous category but use two different drums on hand parts. These can be used as the basis for solo improvisations.
N. To produce jazz variations try letter H of section II with right hand on cymbal. Use jazz interpretation and intersperse this with some straight jazz time.
O. As letter N above but substitute foot operated hi-hat for L part.
A. Try using two drums on first measure and two different drums on the second measure.
B. Add hi-hat (with foot) on 2 and 4 or on straight four to any three pitch pattern lacking hi-hat.
C. For a challenge to four part coordination play single R's on one drum; single L's on another drum; double R's on a third drum; double L's on a fourth drum; triple R's on bass drum; and triple L's on hi-hat (with foot).
D. Starting on the snare drum move each R around the set clockwise (each tap on a different drum). Reverse right hand motion.
E. Starting on floor tom move all L's counter-clockwise, one tap per drum. Reverse left hand motion. These two variations are similar to Marvin Dahlgren's Drum Set Control Book.
NOTE: Following these guidelines through the flam section of the book can be very involved but also stimulating to one's creativity. Remember: the goal should be to develop personal creativity through unorthodox approaches to relatively common material. Always listen carefully as you play (tape it, if necessary). Try to produce musical ideas and not mere licks. Left handers should reverse instructions accordingly. Good luck!


The C&C Burkman Family Blog:: 4th of July!
The 4th of July came and went… so did most of the summer. I went on a blogging strike hoping to "motivate" my wonderful wife to post a little more on here. I'm going to have to chalk that up in the loss column cause this site has been dead empty for quite a while.
To Cindy's credit though, she's almost 8 months pregnant with a two year-old running crazy through the house all day and recently started classes again (biology and chemistry. yikes!) so she doesn't really have an abundance of free time these days.
I however, have no excuse. No classes this summer and only work has me less-than excited to start school again at the end of the month, but it's made for a lovely summer so far. Lovely, but apparently not the blog-worthy type of loveliness.
The 4th of July brought family gatherings, parades, picnics and fireworks. Carter's participated in these before, but this is the first year he actually seemed to understand and love what was going on.
The parade was a magical wonderland for carter. Streams of people banging drums, trucks and cars with loud sirens and lights, plus colorful floats/balloons on wheels. What else could an almost two-year-old ask for?
That first pic is too cute. Looks like you all had fun.
Yaay for an update. Tell Cindy she better get repentant once that baby of your comes...because I REFUSE to go months without seeing pictures of her :) Glad you guys are doing well, it was great to see you in July.
Yeah I seriously don't know why i forgot to leave a comment, I even looked at your pictures over and over. I can't decide which one I like the best!!!! Except that he looks like a boy now. you came back from vancouver and I swear he grew an inch, what were you guys feeding him over there!


In outlining the difference between conservative and postconservative evangelical theology, Olson makes a fascinating proposal. For him, evangelicalism has always faced the challenge and rewards of its dual origins in two different streams of Christianity – Puritan and Pietist. The Puritan stream has emphasised doctrinal correctness and seen theology as the task of systemising the Bible into doctrines and then defending these formulations (basically already completed) against innovations. The Pietist stream has tended to make the experience of conversion and discipleship the primary mode of faith, with doctrine flowing from this. (This is a simplification of his generalisation, so bear that in mind before picking holes in it.) I don't identify with either of these streams, but I am very sympathetic to the postconservative evangelical theologians.
Today, conservative evangelicals (inheritors of the Puritan stream) tend to look at the Bible primarily as a means of information. Postconservative evangelicals (inheritors of the Pietist stream) look at the Bible just as much as a means of transformation and encounter; just as important as propositions are stories, parables, poetry in the Bible which call for our response and participation. Postconservatives also believe that no post-canonical formulation of doctrine can be seen as final and beyond questioning; they tend to encourage theological imagination and creativity.
Olson believes conservatives are susceptible to an ironic kind of traditionalism. Despite the fact they tend to downplay tradition as a source for theology, conservatives will often defend Reformation (or later) formulations of doctrine as fixed and final, because they take them to be the only faithful way to understand the biblical witness.
Still, I understand their dilemma. They hardly want to be ostracised by the evangelical community or tarred with the same brush as Rob "Antichrist" Bell.
For the record, I do not endorse the contents of any of the books by John Piper on the shelves of my library. I stock them purely as a service for people who want to know what the author is writing about. Same goes much more strongly for Richard Dawkins, just in case you thought I was an atheist.


text:
When will they ever learn?
We have a lot of people dreaming about utopia – always have, probably always will. Communism, Marxism, Socialism, and other 'isms' are of this ilk. For the real world, we also have a lot of history to examine to find out what can make dreams come true and what cannot. Dr. Sowell notes A Lesson from Venezuela at Real Clear Politics.
Venezuela is currently giving us a lesson on the consequences of price controls. The government of leftist President Hugo Chavez has imposed price controls — and seems to be surprised that lower prices have lead to reduced supplies, even though price controls have led to reduced supplies in countries around the world and for thousands of years.
What is remarkable is how little interest there is among the media and among the public in how often and how consistently this has happened in the wake of price controls.
When politicians today say that they are going to "bring down the cost of medical care" or make housing "affordable," what are they talking about other than price controls?
There is a place where the dreams are closer to reality than nearly anywhere else. That seems to create some sort of guilty envy that stimulates trashing and bashing – of what has created that dream and not what has destroyed it elsewhere. It should be enough to make you wonder.
February 26, 2008 · Filed under people
Politics for the lawyers
The matters of court used to be the court of kings. Now it is the court of lawyers and judges. The selection of judges is a primary matter of concern in favoring presidential candidates. The lawyers get involved as lobbyists for issues that involve their paycheck and market. The US House of Representatives recently demonstrated that national security is not high on their priority list and there is reason to believe that lawyers were a part of the reason.
Robert D Novak described Why Torts Trumped Terrorism. His view is that the tort immunity for companies that cooperate with the government would reduce the lawyers' market. Therefore pressure was put on members of Congress to set aside the FISA legislation.
The true reason for blocking the bill was Senate-passed retroactive immunity to protect from lawsuits private telecommunications firms asked to eavesdrop by the government. The nation's torts bar, vigorously pursuing such suits, has spent months lobbying hard against immunity.
The FISA law involves a very difficult intersection of surveillance, privacy, personal versus national rights, and espionage that has prompted paranoid delusion rather than effective debate. Litigation issues also have a long history in the internal wars of the 5th columns who see their enemy as domestic and not foreign. Carol Rosenberg of McClatchy Newspapers reports on one of the other fronts in the litigation theater: Clinton would seek to try 9/11 plotters in established courts. One of the reasons why foreign terrorists are not being tried in criminal courts is due to a national security need to reduce information disclosure about national secrets. That doesn't keep the lawyers out of it and there have been continual efforts for lawyers to be ever more involved in matters of foreign captures.
It is interesting that the same folks who are promoting this court of lawyers and judges are also claiming that everything is going towards the court of kings. They are full of accusations about the executive running roughshod over personal rights and abusing authority. That also showed up in Congress when the House decided that citing executive staff for contempt for failing to tell all about political appointees was more important than national security legislation.
Yet another effort to support this priority on lawyers over national security has been to rationalize FISA related issues as insignificant or irrelevant. That stands in contrast to the legislation having gone through a public process only to be stopped at the whim of the Speaker who failed to put it on the agenda. The significance is determined by the opinions of the whole and that is reflected by the bill surviving the process to get to where it is submitted for vote. The Congress over the last few years has made good use of many procedural tricks to prevent such issues of standard business from a final decision. That is particularly visible in the matter of judicial appointments.
Does this sound confused? The point is that these matters are all related and interconnected by values and philosophy: tort reform, national security, judicial appointments, jurisdiction over military matters, espionage, personal privacy rights, and political procedure shenanigans. It is like an iceberg where you only see a part of one or the other aspect above the surface now and then. It will take care to avoid getting the hull ripped by what is under the surface.
Back talk on torture: is it serious?
Torture is another one of those obsessions, like the casualty numbers, that tends to illustrate just how serious some people are in considering the issues of the day. Back Talk shows how the talk on torture is tortuous in How Personal Income and CIA Interrogation Techniques are Alike
A sensible debate would ask this question:
What is the harshest method of interrogation that can be used against high-level al Qaeda detainees in a time of crisis?
That's an excellent question, and phrasing it that way helps to avoid the moral exhibitionism that generally accompanies any discussion about this issue. However, to almost everyone (especially in the mainstream media), the real question is this:
Does waterboarding amount to torture?
This is a silly question that elicits copious amounts of holier-than-thou finger pointing.
Take note of the fact that every single moral exhibitionist on the left simply refuses to think along these lines. They actually think that the question is all about torture, and the only thinking that is required involves whether or not to declare waterboarding as amounting to torture or not. Once they and their colleagues browbeat everyone into agreeing to characterize waterboarding as torture, they think the debate is over. But whether or not to attach a verbal label to a particular technique is a side issue. Waterboarding is only one of an infinite number of techniques that could be used, and these various techniques all fall somewhere on the 1-to-100 scale. That's why you really have to do the hard work of drawing the line, not engage in the ridiculous game of declaring waterboarding to be "torture" (thereby immediately characterizing yourself as a noble humanitarian on the cutting edge of an evolving standard of moral decency).
Very few issues of any concern are simple yes or not decisions. Everything lives in a context and a continuum. Any decision will have side effects and unforeseen consequences. This is where the idea of relativism creeps in. An honest assessment accepts neither relativism nor absolutism. Yes, torture is unacceptable but what is torture and how far should it be allowed under what circumstances?
It does not do to say all is relative and the risk of killing thousands makes it acceptable to kill one. It also does not do to say that one should be protected from all harm no matter the risk to others. What kind of harm? physical? psychological? or is it harmful to be uncomfortable? – What risk and how likely? certain and massive? tenuous and minor? property or lives?
I agree that one cannot say categorically whether or not a particular practice – as described in general terms – is torture or not. For example, a slap may not be torture, but a thousand slaps that result in "severe pain" – itself a nebulous concept – may be torture.
A warm room isn't torture. A searing hot room that results in burns is torture. And so on. In other words, it's a matter of degree, and highly fact-dependant. Those who pretend otherwise are deluding themselves.
Making complex issues simple is as dishonest as making simple issues complex. Neither the idea of no standards nor the idea of absolute standards will fit many the more significant issues faced by societies. There is almost always and "if" or "but" that must be weighed and considered.
Aspect ratio is about how wide to how tall the picture is. There is a conflict about this in video presentations because humans tend to see or notice what is side to side much more than up and down (your eyes are side by side) yet the lenses used to focus an image on a capture device tend to be circular. Another complication is that the capture device tends to be rectangular.
Old movies, up to the fifties or so, and analog TV standards all used an aspect ratio of 4:3. This was nearly square so the lens artifacts were only a big problem near the corners and most of the glass in the lens was put to good use and the film used to record images was also used for images from edge to edge.
With movies, the film could be made wider and each frame less tall and still use all available film surface for images. This lead to wide screen movies. The 'waste' was in the lenses used for capturing an image and its projection. Some tricks used for backwards compatibility such as anamorphic techniques.
The 2008 HDTV Buyers Guide, Part 3 discusses how aspect ratios are noticed in modern TV's. The new high definition TV has a 16:9 aspect ratio screen. This is wider than the old 4:3 but sill narrower than many modern movies.That means that there is a lot of content that requires adjustment to use the entire screen area of a modern wide screen TV,
If you just fit the image to fit the narrowest dimension, you will get bars of blank screen area around the picture. 4:3 images will have bars on each side and wide screen movies will have bars on top and bottom. The image doesn't fill the whole TV screen.
A second technique is cropping or masking. Crop off the top and bottom of a 4:3 image until its width is the same as your screen or crop off the sides of a wide screen movie until its height is the same as your screen. This method means you loose some of the original picture. The pan and scan technique is cropping with a bit of judgment thrown in so important objects or person near the edge of a wide screen movie can be shown – this helps keep speaking actors on screen, for instance.
A third method is similar to the anamorphic technique, This is to squish the picture to fit. 4:3 images are squished vertically making things look stubby – football players look real hefty! A wide screen movie gets stretched vertically making things look skinny. This can be rather distracting depending upon the content.
Other methods try to use intelligence to stretch, squish, crop, and adjust the image depending upon content and composition to fill the screen without making the adjustments very noticeable unless you are looking for them. This takes a lot of picture analysis and picture processing power. Modern TV's have this sort of capability.
To show a wide variety of movies and TV shows in their original aspect ratio is one reason for a big screen TV. A modern 40″ 16:9 wide screen TV can show a 4:3 old style TV show the same size as a 36″ old style TV. This is a 'backwards compatibility' issue.
Another issue that is less visible is that all TV images are processed to fit. There is a long line of processing techniques used to get the image from camera to your screen and they influence picture quality. It is easy to fall into the trap that digital means the image is a pixel to pixel map directly moved from the camera sensor to the screen but that isn't how it works and never has been. This is a fascinating field involving codecs, modulation schemes and many other technologies.
Tech support for TV manufacturers indicate that the aspect ratio problem is one the big items in their call list. Customers complain about the black bars or about misshapen objects. Even if you figure out why wide screen movies can have black bars on your wide screen TV you may still be stumped by the set's menu options for adjusting the picture to fit the screen in various ways.
February 15, 2008 · Filed under General
Understanding flame wars
Dr. Santy gets to the core in Hillary and the politics of personal destruction. While the example is politics, the behavior describes what you can see in many I'net forums and discussions.
To the extent that a person's behavior is mostly motivated by perceived insults to their self–i.e., their narcissistic core; then the "insult" will usually prompt a typical display of narcissistic rage directed toward the unfortunate individual who threatens them.
Such rage responses are invariably destructive, mean, and petty. Additionally, these rages are generally not beneficial to society-at-large (in fact, such actions often have strong sociopathic or antisocial elements to them) , although the person in the throes of narcissistic rage will often convince themselves that they are behaving perfectly appropriately and even for "the good" of others.
Their sense of self is starkly invested in the desire for power over others (always, of course, "for their own good") , constant admiration and adulation and grandiose ambitions. This makes them remarkably adept at what is called the "politics of personal destruction".
For the narcissist it is always a zero-sum game she plays with other individuals. From the perspective of the narcissist, if someone else "wins", the narcissist "loses". … Thus, the behavior of the classic narcissist is mostly directed toward making others lose so they can win by default. To that end, there is no behavior or tactic that is considered out -of-bounds or over-the-top.
While politics still occasionally brings out those who have strong personal integrity and values; often it is the people of no demonstrable integrity and elastic values who are obsessively attracted to the field and who triumph
those who would actually make the best leaders generally opt out of the process, because they tend to be too healthy to generate the continual rall-consuming age necessary to destroy all opponents; or they lack the required– and mostly distorted –sense of personal "perfection" and grandiosity that drives the power-hungry.
It is the win/lose approach towards others in discussion that leads towards personal attacks and disingenuous 'debate' that drive the more mature individuals who prefer less conflict, less stress, and less abuse elsewhere. It can be in politics but we experience it more directly in online discussions and in our clubs and associations.
Image and reality
The gap between what many have established in their minds and what is actually in front of their eyes gets notice in a report about police training in Iraq.
There is the image we get from the 'Boomer elites:
"[T]he films…present the war as incomprehensible mayhem," he wrote, "and they depict American soldiers as psychopaths who may as well be wearing SS uniforms. The G.I.s rape, burn, and mutilate corpses, torture detainees, accelerate a vehicle to run over a boy playing soccer, wantonly kill civilians and journalists in firefights, humiliate one another, and coolly record their own atrocities for entertainment.
There is the reality that can be seen on the ground:
Have these things happened in Iraq? Many have. But in the cinematic version of the war, these are the only things that happen in Iraq.
American soldiers and Marines aren't the bloodthirsty killers of the popular (in certain quarters) imagination, and that they are far less racist against Arabs than average Americans. They are also, famously, less racist against each other, and they have been since they were forcibly integrated after World War II. This is due to sustained everyday contact with each other and with Iraqis. The stereotype of the racist and unhinged American soldier and Marine is itself a bigoted caricature based almost entirely on sensationalist journalism and recklessly irresponsible war movies.
See The Final Mission, Part III. Michael J Totten
There is much to change and its happening will not a flipping of the switch. Experience and culture and circumstances all make the transition from 'might is right' to a more modern ethic difficult. There is explicit instruction in the words of international law about conflict and human rights but those words are so far from the current reality in Iraq that their meaning seems to be a dream. It is just one part of the message. Over time that part will connect with others. One of those others is the behavior of the American Soldier that actually illustrates those words in practice and whose behavior is watched and experienced. That example is why the words of those soldiers are being heard, if not yet fully understood beyond simple meaning.
The insidious flavor of avoiding the unpleasant
It has been 40 years since the Tet Offensive in Vietnam. 40 years of self deception, propaganda, and the defense of self from the ugly reality of the world. The Lies of Tet by Arthur Herman in the Wall Street Journal describes the reality as now being seen in hindsight.
Media misreporting of Tet passed into our collective memory. That picture gave antiwar activism an unwarranted credibility that persists today in Congress, and in the media reaction to the war in Iraq.
the desperate fury of the communist attacks including on Saigon, where most reporters lived and worked, caught the press by surprise. (Not the military: It had been expecting an attack and had been on full alert since Jan. 24.) It also put many reporters in physical danger for the first time.
One Vietnamese province after another witnessed new peace and stability. … However, all this went unnoticed because misreporting about Tet had left the image of Vietnam as a botched counterinsurgency — an image nearly half a decade out of date.
To Congress and the public, however, the war had been nothing but a debacle. And by withdrawing American troops, President Nixon gave up any U.S. political or military leverage on Vietnam's future
The collapse of South Vietnam's neighbor, Cambodia, soon followed. Southeast Asia entered the era of the "killing fields," exterminating in a brief few years an estimated two million people — 30% of the Cambodian population. American military policy has borne the scars of Vietnam ever since.
It had all been preventable — but for the lies of Tet.
Those reporting had no context for their perceptions. Very few had any experience directly under fire or under oppression. They had the luxury of being able to safely deny the actual horror of what they could only see at a distance or through the eyes of others. What they could see, served up on the plate in front of them, was a small horror. This was an individual horror of battle casualties and spattered blood. It was not the collective horror of oppression and social fear. It was tangible and terrible and not easily hidden behind psychological defenses.
Even now there are those who cannot grasp the reality of the killing fields of Cambodia or the suppression of the Vietnamese since the U.S. quit and abandoned that country. That is why Rumsfeld's (Wikipedia) favorite satellite picture was that of the Korean peninsula at night. The stark contrast of a bright, lighted South Korea compared to a dark North Korea was testament to something otherwise denied.
As Brokaw called the parents the The Greatest Generation (Amazon.com), their children, known as the baby boom generation, will be seen as something else. It is a generation with a seemingly overabundant hubris and cynicism, one that runs from the ideals that drove its parents and one that hides in denial of the oppression, terrorism, and the lessons of history to reach for idealized constructs that bury the reality of human nature. Sometimes called the 'me' generation, it is one where only base emotions such as greed and envy are given weight and the ends justify any means.
The denial of the truth of the Tet offensive was perhaps the apogee of this generation, its defining moment marking the start of its expression.
Sound, speakers, and ears over the last 50 years.
Up until the 1960's the big deal with recording and reproducing sound was fidelity. That was the effort to make a speaker reproduce what a microphone heard as accurately as possible. Once fidelity goals started to approach what the human can hear, the fun began.
The first enhancement was to notice that humans have two ears. Two ears means we need two sound sources so stereo was added to FM radio and recordings. The Beatles recordings provide an illustrated history of the transition from monaural to stereo to the realm of multi-channel recording (see Wikipedia). This transition from consumer monaural to stereo took place in the 1960's for the most part.
Multi channel recording was the transition from using one microphone to using many of them and then mixing the sound from each channel to achieve a one or two channel stereo recording. This was the beginning of the multi-channel audio that did not achieve broad market status until the 1990's.
It was noticed that, despite the two ear limitation, human hearing could detect more than what two sound sources could deliver. That resulted in the four channel systems of the 1970's. These were mostly experiments and novelties. Standards did not get well defined or accepted and recording techniques were having enough trouble getting cost effective two channel recording media with good fidelity and low noise. The digital audio developments of the 1980's were the key to the next phase. That was illustrated by the arrival of Dolby Digital 5.1, also known as AC-3 in the movie Batman Returns in 1992.
The problem with a good sound system is that the ear is a sophisticated hearing device and sound is a complex signal. At the very basic end, this is seen by the problems of wiring polarity in stereo speaker systems. Hook one speaker up backwards and the sound would seem to come from the wrong place. Then there was the problem of microphones that heard the same sound but at different times and with different room ambiance due to their having different locations. Some efforts to solve this problem have involved putting microphones inside the ears of a dummy head but even that doesn't work because people don't sit still for a 3 hour concert and move their head to 'see' sound.
Where it is now is in the computers. The old style bass and treble controls are still there, sort of, but they have been superseded by digital audio processing that can be tuned for a particular speaker's characteristics and its position in a particular room and its position relative to the listener. This is, in part, where there is the ".1" in 5.1 channel audio and why modern home theater speaker systems are often much smaller than they used to be.
Back in the heyday of hifi, speakers were combined units designed to produce the entire sound spectrum. They had big 'woofer' speakers to handle bass notes, medium sized mid-range speakers for common frequencies, and small tweeters for the high pitched sound. There were internal filters that split up the signal sent to the speaker so each of its components would get the part it was designed to handle. These were all-in-one acoustic transducer designs.
Modern speaker systems take note of the fact that there is little directionality in low frequencies. The job of producing low audio frequencies and even sounds so low you really don't hear them but only feel them is left to the ".1" of the 5.1. This is called the low frequency effects (LFE) channel and takes care of the massive air pushing so the other speakers don't need to be as big or as bulky. Splitting the audio signal for the frequencies needed is done in the amplifiers or even farther upstream in the recording studio when you have a multi-channel sound source.
While the 5.1 or six channel audio is becoming rather standard, there are still productions that provide additional channels for better sound environment creation and there are many viewers who have only two channel systems to play them on. This is the backwards compatibility problem. Techniques that grew out of the quadraphonic experiments of the seventies are often used to help handle this problem.
For more, see WikiPedia on loudspeakers and Dolby Stereo and a good rundown on what modern electronics is doing to improve speakers at answers,.com
The key to note is that you can use those old massive 70's style hifi speaker systems in your modern home theater. The new generation of AV receiver can be programmed so it knows to use their woofers for the LFE channel and how much signal to feed each speaker for your seating arrangement and room acoustics. Those old speakers might not be as efficient or convenient as the new ones but modern electronics is making it much easier to accommodate for any deficiencies of individual components.
February 9, 2008 · Filed under General
Captain Ed blows right by the issue
In a look at Expelled: The Movie at Captain's Quarters, Ed stumbles for what should be a bloody nose. He tackles the wrong question with the wrong issue. In doing so, he totally discredits the value system of science and academia and accepts disingenuous modes of debate.
Overall, though, the film presents a powerful argument not for intelligent design as much as for the freedom of scientific inquiry. If scientists get punished for challenging orthodoxy, we will not expand our learning but ossify it in concrete.
Claiming persecution is a common tactic of those whose position does not fit where they want to put it. It is one of the characteristics of the arguments by those who advocate intelligent design that illustrates the weakness (or worse) of their position.
The academic community has often been derided for arguing about how many angels will fit on the head of a pin. What Captain Ed is doing is deriding the science part of that community because they won't tolerate positions that have no evidence to show for them. That is a cheap and ignorant shot.
Credibility in science is established by adherence to a set of values. The mere existence of an idea, no matter the passion behind it, is insufficient to warrant its tolerance in an effective science community. It must have evidence to support it; a rationale for its existence that has its roots in the observable world.
When and if those scientists being "punished" have evidence to support their views, then there might be something of concern. The fact is that anyone promoting change, whether in the fields of science or elsewhere, is going to be subject to 'punishment.' That is human nature. But to confuse that resistance to change with bigotry in science is disingenuous. The arguments of intelligent design are not new, they do not represent change, and anyone who wants to put them forward as science has to demonstrate that there is something there that has not already been inspected and found wanting.
What Captain Ed says implies that the movie at issue is an insidious propaganda movie and a part of the problem rather than a part of the solution.
February 9, 2008 · Filed under Education, science
Seven warning indicators for potential bad science
Perusing Dr. Jos de Laat's weblog uncovered another article about how to tell real from fantasy. This one is by Robert L Park and appeared in The Chronicle issue dated January 31, 2003. The Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Science
I have identified seven indicators that a scientific claim lies well outside the bounds of rational scientific discourse. Of course, they are only warning signs — even a claim with several of the signs could be legitimate.
I began this list of warning signs to help federal judges detect scientific nonsense. But as I finished the list, I realized that in our increasingly technological society, spotting voodoo science is a skill that every citizen should develop.
1. The discoverer pitches the claim directly to the media.
2. The discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his or her work.
3. The scientific effect involved is always at the very limit of detection.
4. Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal.
5. The discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries.
6. The discoverer has worked in isolation.
7. The discoverer must propose new laws of nature to explain an observation.
These are indicators that the skepticism level should be raised, not that an idea or presentation should be dismissed out of hand. The reason for the skepticism is because these particular indicators are not a part of honest scientific dialog and are often used by charlatans. These kinds of behaviors get in the way of finding the truth, they do not reveal it.
The manner of debate
David Whitehouse takes note of behaviors stimulated by his description of temperature data over the last seven years in When the data isn't good enough. It is one thing to have an opinion and be willing to support it but yet another to go after opinions in the manner that has often become common.
Finally, there is another aspect to the debate that worried me far more than an environmental 'activist' getting the science wrong. It is one of double standards and it has become rather predictable.
Provide any criticism, even mild or supportive, or even suggest that we might be wrong and that we don't know everything and one's integrity is attacked.
The summary is another quote from T.H. Huxley:
"Sit down before fact as a little child, be prepared to give up every preconceived notion, follow humbly wherever and to whatever abysses nature leads, or you shall learn nothing."
One needs to be very careful about one's perceptions. It is one thing to note that temperatures have been flat for seven years. Trying to understand, explain, or rationalize that fact is another. What happens here is that those who have a lot invested in a particular viewpoint feel threatened by the observation. Rather than try to come to grips with it, they deny it, rationalize it, attack the person who took note of it, or otherwise demean, denigrate, deny, or pretend that it doesn't exist. Not being able to deal with reality is usually not healthy.
February 2, 2008 · Filed under science


Cape Town, South Africa – WWF welcomes the announcement today by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) board to locate its headquarters in Songdo, Incheon City, South Korea.
The GCF was established in terms of the United National Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in order to assist the developing countries fund work to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
WWF's Tasneem Essop, head of the low carbon frameworks programme, says the opportunity now is to swiftly operationalise the work of the fund in order that support to developing nations can proceed unhindered.


no Mom and Me is available.
no Super Kids is available.
no Novice Girls is available.
no Intermediate Girls is available.
no Advanced Girls is available.
no Novice Boys is available.
no Intermediate Boys is available by now.
no Junior Boys Gymnastics is available.
no Tumbling/Back handspring 60mins is available by now.
no American Ninja is available.
no Adult Class is available by now.


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Boris Johnson is dead in the water after Supreme Court rules he acted unlawfully
Tom Coburg
UK prime minister Boris Johnson has suffered a humiliating defeat after the Supreme Court ruled that his attempt to prorogue parliament was unlawful. There are now calls for him to resign.
The ruling
The Supreme Court ruling was made by eleven justices: Lady Hale, Lord Reed, Lord Kerr, Lord Wilson, Lord Carnwath, Lord Hodge, Lady Black, Lord Lloyd-Jones, Lady Arden, Lord Kitchin, and Lord Sales.
Lady Hale, president of the Supreme Court, made it clear in her reading of the judgement that "the decision to advise Her Majesty to prorogue Parliament was unlawful":
"The decision to advise Her Majesty to prorogue Parliament was unlawful."
Brexit is in tatters as Stormont rejects Johnson deal and a million UK jobs come under threat
Tom Coburg , 21st January 2020
The UK's Supreme Court rules there was "no justification" for Boris Johnson to suspend Parliament, and that his advice to the Queen was "of no effect". pic.twitter.com/NbYs1kWjO2
— Channel 4 News (@Channel4News) September 24, 2019
A summary of the Supreme Court judgement is here and a video is here.
In the summary, Lady Hale concludes:
This Court has already concluded that the Prime Minister's advice to Her Majesty was unlawful, void and of no effect. This means that the Order in Council to which it led was also unlawful, void and of no effect and should be quashed. This means that when the Royal Commissioners walked into the House of Lords it was as if they walked in with a blank sheet of paper. The prorogation was also void and of no effect. Parliament has not been prorogued. This is the unanimous judgement of all 11 Justices.
As to what should happen next, Lady Hale added:
It is for Parliament, and in particular the Speaker and the Lord Speaker to decide what to do next. Unless there is some Parliamentary rule of which we are unaware, they can take immediate steps to enable each House to meet as soon as possible.
The full judgement of the Supreme Court is here.
Speaker calls for resumption of parliament
Not long after the ruling, House of Commons speaker John Bercow announced that parliament will resume at 11.30am on Wednesday 25 September:
"I have instructed the House authorities to prepare for the resumption of the business of the House of Commons."
Speaker John Bercow says parliament will resume tomorrow and there "will be full scope for urgent questions" pic.twitter.com/P3To7cdoMQ
Bercow made it clear there will be no prime minister's questions (PMQs).
Calls to resign
Immediately after the Supreme Court ruling there were calls for Johnson to resign.
One commentator pointed out how Johnson's position was already weak, given his lack of a majority in the Commons and having no electoral mandate:
A prime minister elected by 0.2% of the country with no electoral mandate or majority has been judged by the Supreme Court to have unlawfully suspended parliament. He has to resign.
— James Melville (@JamesMelville) September 24, 2019
Another has called for not just Johnson to resign but also his side-kick Jacob Rees-Mogg, who as lord president of the Privy Council delivered the request for proroguing parliament to the Queen:
If @BorisJohnson does not resign will the rest of the cabinet still stand by him? And what about @Jacob_Rees_Mogg ? he must resign too.
— Jessica Simor QC (@JMPSimor) September 24, 2019
And Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has accused Johnson of showing a "contempt for democracy and an abuse of power". He added that Johnson should now "consider his position" (i.e. resign):
"The Supreme Court has just announced it's decision, and it shows that the Prime Minister has acted wrongly in shutting down Parliament..
I invite Boris Johnson, in the historic words – to consider his position."
Jeremy Corbyn. #Lab19 #JohnsonMustResign pic.twitter.com/4cZzbKbJT2
— David (@IwantJC4PM) September 24, 2019
Former attorney general Dominic Grieve QC has also called for the resignation of Dominic Cummings, who is Johnson's special adviser:
WATCH: Explosive stuff from Dominic Grieve who tells me:
– Boris Johnson should resign
– He has done a 'vast amount of damage' and 'dishonoured himself'
– Dominic Cummings should quit or be sacked
– Cummings is 'willing to see anything smashed' and 'isn't fit' to be in govt. pic.twitter.com/FTD5ApOjkD
— Shehab Khan (@ShehabKhan) September 24, 2019
The ruling by the Supreme Court may well mean that not only is Johnson's political career dead in the water, but also those in the cabinet who went along with his ill-fated attempt to prorogue parliament.
Nor should we forget the role played by Johnson's financial backer, Crispin Odey, who it appears advocated proroguing parliament before Johnson was elected Tory leader.
For today's ruling is stark: no one – neither the prime minister, nor his Cabinet, nor his backers – should consider themselves above the law.
Featured image via screenshot
Smythe-Mogg says:
An excellent explication of the position.
The doctrine of collective Cabinet responsibility means guilt for wrongdoing is shared by all. Its import for individual members is equal and uninfluenced by the size of the Cabinet.
Ordinary Cabinet business only occasionally touches on topics of deep principle, probity, and conscience; for the generality of agendas it is acceptable to give tacit consent, after having raised objection, to a proposal backed by the majority; this because most differences are of opinion or judgement over morally neutral options.
In matters of turpitude It cannot suffice for a Cabinet member to claim he articulated objection and/or voted against the proposal. He must nail principle to the mast and upon failing to dissuade colleagues from an action, he must resign from the Cabinet; thereby an honourable course is taken. Similarly when a seriously objectionable action is undertaken at behest of the prime minister alone, he advised by a clique rather than the Cabinet, objecting members of the government must resign from office. Not to do so incurs guilt by association because silence is taken to denote consent. Moreover, failure to register objection in public might be construed as malfeasance; bringing the matter to public/parliamentary attention could cause reconsideration and by not doing so possibility of averting a serious wrong may be lost.
It follows that all members of the present Cabinet have, at best, seriously tarnished reputations bringing into question fitness to sit in Parliament. The same applies to lower tiers of minister and appointees to minor office. They may have had no say in the decision illegally to prorogue Parliament but once taken honourable people would immediately have disassociated themselves from Johnson's plot to sideline Parliament.
The matter doesn't rest there. Every Conservative MP, other than former party members 'dishonourably discharged' from the party by Johnson, is complicit too. In principle, MPs are elected to use their best judgement on behalf of constituents and the UK as a whole. They ought be required to interpose their own intellect and moral awareness before deciding whether diktat from the prime minister should be supported. Conservative backbench members have displayed woeful understanding of the basis on which they were elected.
Ousting Johnson is insufficient to eradicate backbench members' own individual and collective culpability. If persons of integrity, which some may be, Conservative backbench MPs must stand aside and permit the Commons to quickly establish an interim government charged solely with cleaning up Johnson's mess by either negotiating a lengthy extension to the Brexit timetable or by revoking Article 50; the latter the preferable solution because the stench of incompetence and corruption has utterly queered the pitch of negotiation and, in any case, it is by no means certain that people voting in the referendum (with naive binary question) were adequately prepared to access options.
Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 international license (sic).
EXCLUSIVE: Palestinian member of Israeli Knesset puts antisemitism smears against Corbyn into context
Labour overwhelmingly approves climate revolution as a 'top priority'


text:
Gloria Pizzichini (Osimo, Italia, 24 de julio de 1975), es una extenista italiana, ganadora de un torneo de la WTA. Retirada en 2005, entre las tenistas a las que derrotó  en su carrera se encuentran Iva Majoli, Julie Halard o Ruxandra Dragomir.

Enlaces externos
Gloria Pizzichini WTA Official

Tenistas femeninas de Italia
Nacidos en Osimo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Eat the world's oldest burger
Pre-Maccy D's. Yes, it beggars belief.
Where: Murger Han
Fear not, we don't mean a burger that's been left to fester over the millenia, rather that the peeps at Murger Han say their "murger" is the world's first hamburger, with the bun having been created around 200 BC during the Chinese Qin dynasty. Made from wheat flour batter, it's a flatter version than we're accustomed to seeing, while there's a choice of slow cooked pork or stewed beef for the patty. Specialising in street food from Xi'an, the city famous for its buried Terracota Army, they also put their star dish to good use in soups, such as the stir fried murger soup with chilli sauce, beef and egg.
Cook a Japanese speciality at your table
Visit London's most opulent toilets


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Just one day left in the year and its almost time to say "Hau'oli Makahiki Hou" as these blocks at the Honolulu City Lights display spell out. That is the way we say "Happy New Year" here in Hawaii. A bit of exactly what this means. Hau'oli is the Hawaiian word for happy, Makahiki is a Hawaiian period of resting and feasting that lasted four month in which no wars or conflicts were allowed… it also happens to be the Hawaiian word for "year" and Hou means "new". Put that all together and you get "Hau'oli (happy) Makahiki (year) Hou (new)". Impress your friends this new year but do make sure you pronounce it correctly thats… how-OH-lee mah-kah-hee-kee ho.
Happy Holidays to all of you from the State of Hawaii. Here is a giant holiday postcard on display at the Honolulu City Lights display just outside of Honolulu Hale. Go with a bunch of your friends as you can take a photo as the faces on the postcard all open up and allow you to stick your head right into the postcard. Hmm I wonder how much postage it would take to mail to the mainland?
The snowman family at the Honolulu City Lights Christmas display gets ready to leave for the season before they melt away. How you ask have they not melted yet? I think it must be some special "Christmas Snow" designed by Santa especially for Hawaii. Hurry up if you want to see them near Honolulu Hale cause as the year end the display does too.


The 23-year-old had recently completed a program at a sober-living facility.
Ashley Sawyer, who appeared on season 2 of the MTV docu-series Catfish, passed away on Saturday at the age of 23. According to local police, her death is being investigated as a drug overdose.
Sawyer was featured in a 2013 episode of Catfish, where the show arranged for her to finally meet the person she had been "catfishing," Michael Fortunato. The two had formed a seven-year relationship online—during which she would send altered images of herself to appear thinner—but never met until they were united on the show. And when Sawyer finally did meet Fortunato, she discovered that he, too, had been misrepresenting himself, sending her photos of someone else to mask his true physical self. But despite this, they stayed on good terms.
Fortunato passed away from pulmonary embolism at the age of 26, one month after the episode aired. "The last thing we said to each other was that we loved each other," Sawyer said in a follow-up episode, where she revealed that she struggled with addiction and was staying in a sober-living facility. According to her sister, Jessica Ross, she had completed the program and was working and living on her own in Hoover, Alabama, where she was pronounced dead on Saturday.
When Hoover police arrived at the scene, bystanders were performing CPR on the unconscious Sawyer. Police and firefighters tried to revive her by using a defibrillator and administering Narcan, the overdose antidote, but their attempts failed. She was pronounced dead on the scene.
Sawyer's death is being investigated as a drug overdose, according to Hoover Police Department officers. "In all likelihood, her death is due to a drug overdose and is being investigated as such," Capt. Gregg Rector told Fox 8.
Lt. Chuck McDonald said it's possible she overdosed on heroin. "An autopsy is being performed and early indications are this may be related to a drug overdose, possibly heroin," he told AL.com. McDonald said there were signs of heroin use in her apartment, but did not go into detail.
An autopsy was performed Saturday. The toxicology test results could take up to six weeks.


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RMCC is located in Calgary with two more shop set to open in High River and Spruce Grove. Eventually, Curtis would like to open ten shops across Alberta.
With recreation cannabis on the horizon, Curtis will "have the best people [on staff] to teach about the product, there's going to be a lot of new users once it gets to rec." Helping people who have no experience with cannabis understand the product will be a big part of the Club's operation moving forward.
"As CEO, I really enjoy being able to go in [to the web portal account] if I've not been in [the shop] for a few days and see what's been sold and have inventory updated," said Curtis.
Rocky Mountain Cannabis Club, open Monday to Saturday, 10am to 6pm. For more details visit their website: rockymountaincannabisclub.ca, or call for an appointment, 587-352-7622.