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FWD/Forward
FWD (feminists with disabilities) for a way forward
Chronological Archives
Disability Is …?
24 October, 2009 identityableism, accessibility, autism, cfids, cfs, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic illness, chronic pain conditions, conceptions of disability, difference, disability, disability movement, exclusion, fibromyalgia, identity, intersectionality, invisibility, invisible disabilities, invisible disability, isolation, language, mental illness, models of disability, participation, passing, privilege, self-identification, self-perception, social inclusion, social model, social treatment, symptomsamandaw
(Originally posted July 2009 at Feministe, three rivers fog.)
We had a really good discussion about nondisability. It got derailed, a bit, because it depended on our ability to reasonably define disability. And it's a subject that has come up in every discussion we've had these couple weeks. What is it?
I advocate an intentionally overbroad definition of disability. And I definitely see a tendency, with certain medical conditions, not to identify — on that inner level, what "feels right" — as disabled.
I support every person's right to self-determination, to define their own experiences, and to identify however feels most right for them. I do not want to try to pressure people into identifying in a way they do not feel comfortable. But I do think that part of this tendency, this reticence, is rooted in a sort of ableism. Not ableism as in "internalized negative feelings about PWD" — but ableism as in "a certain understanding of how the world works and how society is/should be structured" … or, you might say, a certain model.
I want to explore a few things — explore our assumptions behind the word "disabled."
Think, for a minute: visualize a disabled person. Just a generic idea of a disabled person. What would you say are the requirements to qualify as disabled?
Do you have to be disabled — in a dictionary definition sort of way? Disabled, unable, incapable? Unable to work, or unable to participate in social activities, or unable to take care of oneself? Is there a certain level of un-able-ness one must reach to qualify as disabled?
If so, what do you call the people who don't reach that level — but who share many, if not all of the exact same problems with accessibility in society, who face the same obstacles in their path, the same ignorance and hostility? The people who have the same condition, but face different accessibility problems because they are trying to navigate the workplace, living independently — who are able to do these things — but who still have to fight with the outside world to be able to live their life how they want to?
Are these people disabled? No? Are they abled, then? Are they privileged over the people who meet that level of un-able-ness?
Am I "temporarily able-bodied" because I can push myself enough to work full-time?
Because I can walk? Drive? Prepare meals? Go to sports events and concerts?
What about the fact that I still have to fight with my doctors over medication? That I still have to approach HR at work to tell them about everything I need to be able to work there?
What about the fact that without the drugs I am taking and my TENS machine and my access to health care and workplace accommodations and accessible parking, all of a sudden I wouldn't be able to do those things anymore?
Is my disability about my inner feelings when I get home and slouch in pain — is it about what is going on in my body? Because I still have pain, whether I am well-treated and working or untreated and housebound. I still have fatigue. I still struggle when I stand up from a sitting position, still need help getting out of the car if I haven't taken at least a few painkillers already that day. All that stuff is still there.
Or is it that my disability something beyond me — not having to do with me at all? Not defined by what is going on inside my body, but defined by whether society is working with my body or working against it?
I'm going to let you in on a secret. A lot of us people who do fit the classic dictionary definition of "disabled" — don't feel "disabled" either. We don't always feel un-able. We feel like "just people." Normal people living a normal life, just happen to have some sort of neurological or physiological difference, but that isn't our defining characteristic or something that is always forefront in our minds, it's just one part of us that doesn't always make that big a difference in our life at all.
Remember, briefly, the social and medical models of disability.
Under the medical model, a person must justify their claim to disability. A person must fit neatly into a narrow diagnosis with a Latin-based name. The person must be cleanly categorized. Their experiences must fit a prepared check list.
The medical model says that your body fails to be normal in this particular way: so we must devise a way to force it to be normal, and that will solve the problem.
Naturally, such an approach to disability will wind up excluding a good many people who don't fit those boxes cleanly, who appear close to normal — and that just can't be right; there must be a logical explanation, like that they are over-worrying, imagining things, that they like being sick and want the world to treat them with kid gloves. After all, there is no proof that they deviate from the normal — so they have failed to justify themselves as different.
The medical model, in this way, denies community and services to people who still face considerable obstacles to full participation in society because they have failed to prove that they deserve that "special treatment." They have failed to prove themselves as disabled enough. They aren't "other" enough to be Othered.
The medical model imposes strict and narrow definitions — which become boundaries which must be policed.
What do you do when you're caught in the middle? Different, but not different enough to be Othered, but still needing services (benefits, accommodations) which are only given to Others.
Informed by the social model, "disability" becomes a marker not for condition (mental or physical) — not for "what I feel inside, what I experience inside" — but instead for the fact that our condition is maligned or neglected (or both) by the rest of society.
Disability is not a matter of my condition, but a matter of the group I am assigned because of that condition.
Perhaps it could be said as such: Disability is not a condition, it is a status.
The classic analogy to explain the social model is this:
Many sighted people have less-than-perfect sight. If assistive devices — glasses or contact lenses — were not so widely available and accessible, many of these people would be prevented from full participation in many aspects of society.
But because society sees fit to prioritize this assistance, to make sure glasses/contacts are widely available and accessible so that every less-than-perfect sighted person can have clearer vision — because society decided that no person should be blocked from access because of hir different vision — this condition is no longer a disability.
This is a useful thought experiment. But it is not a perfect analogy. Many blind people still face considerable access blocks. This only really applies to people who are sighted, but whose sight is not precisely "normal." Perhaps because society can, for the most part, bring abnormally-sighted people to normal-sightedness, whereas it cannot do the same to blind folk.
There's a lot to explore here.
The word disability isn't perfect. I don't know that I would choose it, were we to start over with a blank slate. Nor do I know that most people who are active in the disability community would choose it.
What I do know is this: people who don't feel, literal-dictionary-definition disabled, embrace the word and run with it. They can make it something all their own.
Queer is a less-than-perfect word when you consider its literal definition, too. Yet the queer community has decided that they're gonna take this thing and make it into what they want it to be. And they're making something pretty damn awesome.
I don't feel dis-abled. I feel people-are-willfully-ignorant and access-to-good-care-is-restricted-in-unnecessary-ways and the-medical-industry-has-no-respect-for-me. Among other things.
And I'm sure other disabled folk feel why-isn't-there-a-wheelchair-ramp-for-this-public-use-building and nobody-has-to-accommodate-my-needs-until-they-get-sued-why-don't-we-have-an-oversight-board-that-makes-them-do-it-right-from-the-fucking-start and you-aren't-providing-alternatives-so-I-can-access-your-lecture-even-though-I-can't-[hear-what-you-speak/see-what-you-write/be-there-in-person-at-all]. Among other things.
People who identify as disabled (or are identified as such by society) don't necessarily always think the dictionary definition of the word applies to them. There are disabled people in wheelchairs or braces who still work, still have families, still go to parties. There are disabled people who appear totally abled yet can't work, can't perform certain self-care, and so on.
The word "disability," in the disability movement right now, already refers to a great variety of individual conditions, abilities, approaches…
And for the most part, when a person appears whose condition challenges the current boundaries of abled/disabled, the disability community is completely ready to revise their assumptions and welcome that person (and hir companions) into the movement.
Because, here's the thing…
The disability movement has a lot to offer to a lot of different people — not all of those people who may identify as disabled.
And this is part of why I do not want to pressure people to change their identification. They don't have to identify as a disabled person, or a person with a disability, to still become a part of the disability movement, to benefit from it, to help move it forward.
What I am wanting to do is not change people's minds about how they individually self-identify. What I want to do is explore the cultural phenomenon that is certain groups rejecting the label of disability.
Anyway: the disability movement is working hard to change the way we approach the world. From an approach that excludes non-normal people to an approach that stops INcluding by certain standards and starts just treating all persons as fundamentally human, period.
Under the current system, when a woman becomes pregnant and plans to keep the child, we expect the child to be free of disability. What's that refrain from the supposedly-gender-enlightened? "I don't care whether it's a girl or a boy, as long as the baby comes out healthy!"
When we encounter a person, we expect that person to be abled. When we imagine a "person" — just a generic, default person — we imagine that person as able-normative.
Currently, things go like this: 1. World expects "normal." 2. Non-normal people come along. 3. Oops!
What disabled people want is more like this: 1. World is prepared for any number of different things. 2. We come along. 3. Hey, we were expecting you!
This approach is what defines the disability movement. We want to change the world so that the world stops treating us as unexpected — and therefore a disappointment — and therefore has not prepared for us — and therefore we have to constantly fight with the world to make it change every little individual thing it has set up wrong.
This approach, applied broadly, has benefits for so many more people than only the classically, dictionary-definition disabled.
This is the world I want to live in (bold emphasis added)…
My body isn't the enemy, I realized.
It's not my physical self that creates all my problems.
It's all the external expectations of it.
Disability isn't the result of individual defects, deviations from the able-bodied norm. Disability is the result of a society that fails to accommodate these differences.
What if we saw these differences as variation, not deviation? After all, we fully expect our children to be born with any number of different eye colors. Why is it any less when it comes to physical and mental abilities?
Can you shape a world in your mind where there is no norm? What does it look like? How does it differ from the world you live in today? What do you expect of people as a whole in order to support those currently disadvantaged?
The more I think, the more confused I become. It seems impossible to structure society so that everyone is brought to a similar level of ability across the board. But it does seem possible to structure society so that those fully-abled work to make up for those straightforwardly lacking, and everyone works with each other in full expectation of a wide range of ability across the populace, and all of this is seen not as hassling and burdensome, noble and heroic when someone takes it on—but as mundane, everyday, simply expected, no different from separating out your recyclables or driving on the right side of the road: something that everybody does, because it isn't that hard to do, and it benefits yourself as well as those around you, so it's stupid and even outright reprehensible not to.
That is the world I want to live in.
[Reading back, I cringe at the use of the words "straightforwardly lacking." Proof that we are all still learning, still building.]
What if things did happen that way? What if we just rushed to give, knowing that those around us would rush to give back?
and in this POV, the centering of individualism falls apart — because that's not what life is about. life is give and take, push and pull, you do this for me (that i don't do well/don't like to do, but that i want/need) and i'll do this for you (that i do well/like to do, and you want/need).
disability, really, when you get down to it, is the ultimate unraveling of that ball of individualism — it FORCES you to look at all these little things that go into the living of a life, and realize that not all of them are yours to do or yours to control — and also to realize how many of those little things YOU affect for OTHER people's lives — and to finally give up, and fall back into the arms of the community.
it means you have to stop looking at things as "mine, yours, this person's, that person's" etc. you have to stop keeping the damn tally — and just rush to give, knowing that those around you will rush to give back…
so many people are afraid to admit that ultimately, they DO depend on the people around them, and their accomplishments are not solely their own, and the things they do, affect people besides themselves. but it's all true! and it's not a bad thing, if you look at it the right way.
This is everything we are trying to change.
And when we are successful: it will be good for so many people. It will benefit a great many, people who might not consider themselves part of this movement, but who will see their life become substantially easier or better, because this movement has destroyed the system that puts obstacles in their path.
There is a lot people can learn from the disability movement — even if they don't consider themselves a part of it.
This is why I, and others, explicitly tie our disability activism to our feminism. Believe it or not, there are things that non-disabled feminists can learn from disabled ones about how to refine, how to better our (not their, OUR) feminist movement.
There are things the disability movement is accomplishing that the feminist movement has fallen short on. Things that disability activists are paying attention to that feminists have forgotten.
And it makes a difference in women's lives.
There are substantial immediate benefits to individuals, as well. Many of you who do not feel "disabled" nonetheless benefit directly from the Americans with Disabilities act and other non-discrimination legislation. And that's only in the realm of the state (legal sense).
Consider the pharmaceutical industry. The alternative medicine industry. Consider protections on health insurance that prevent companies from discriminating against people with pre-existing conditions or prevent them from denying certain treatments.
These are all things the disability movement has had part in. Often, the disability movement has been the sole force pushing for these things — when other movements fall short, and forget us.
And there is, therefore, substantial benefit to involving oneself in the disability movement. Because it is working for you. So it will do good for you and for us if you directly engage with it — help it refine its purpose — help direct its actions — help challenge preconceptions.
If you will stand with us, if you will be — a friend, or a family member — whatever role you feel comfortable taking, we will stand, sit, lean or lie beside you. We will be there with you, however you identify.
We want more people to engage with us — on an honest, good-faith level.
Some of those people will find themselves beginning to identify as a part of this movement, as a person with a disability. Some people will not, but will remain our friend, our ally.
No matter which: we are happy to have you.
ETA: I really should have included a link to this post from Joel at NTs Are Weird — from the perspective of the autistic community. I ain't the only one beating this drum! I remember reading this post a long while back, and it has informed my politics a great deal. And I think it is necessary reading for anyone engaging with the disability movement. And he does a great job wrapping up the many elements of this post! 😉 Take it away (bold emphasis mine):
Welcome to the disability community! […]
Yes, that's right, you're DISABLED. Yep, you can pick that word apart and tell me why you aren't, but, trust me, you are. And, no, I don't mean that you are less or more functional than anyone else. I mean that you are part of a community defined by society's institutions and programs, a community formed because of our minority status and the fact that society expects certain strengths and weaknesses, and anyone who doesn't have that same pattern of strengths and weaknesses is going to have trouble in this society.
Yep, that's the social model. It's not the "OH MY GOD, I AM SO BROKEN AND LIFE SUCKS AND I WANT TO BE NORMAL BECAUSE EVERYTHING WOULD BE WONDERFUL AND I WOULD HAVE LOTS OF MONEY AND A GIRLFRIEND AND A NICE CAR" view of disability. But it is recognition that we have trouble in society as it is currently set up. You'll also notice that it is not a view that accepts society as a static, unchangeable, and morally good entity, but rather as an institution that can and should change – even when people have a hard time seeing how it could.
In addition to this, I want you to know that there is "nothing new under the sun." You don't need to reinvent disability theory […]
One example – although the victory isn't yet fully realized – find out why there public transit has to at least make *some* effort at accommodation in the US. Yep, I know it still sucks, and there are tons of problems – I'm not saying anything different. But I can assure you of this: Without good advocacy, there wouldn't be a wheelchair lift on any bus except one owned by a nursing home – and even that one might not have one.
Find out why people with cerebral palsy can go to US schools today, even if their natural speech is hard to understand, thanks to assistive technology and good law. Sure, schools, technology, and law aren't good enough yet, but they are way better than they were 40 years ago. Why?
Better yet, learn how you can make a bus in your city more accessible both to yourself and to someone with a different kind of disability. Learn about your schools and what can be done to help others with disability. Not just autistic people, but people with all types of disabilities. Do you know what you will find if you do this? You'll find out quickly that it also helps you, even if that wasn't the goal of the movement.
For those of you who are already doing these things – thanks! It's good for us to stop reinventing the wheel once in a while.
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11 thoughts on "Disability Is …?"
24 October, 2009 at 11:37 pm
This reminded me of something my dad's lawyer asked me when they were determining whether to continue child support:
"Can you take care of yourself?"
Over and over again, she asked. Of course I can't, I can't drive, I shouldn't live completely alone.
"No, no, can you get yourself dressed? Take a shower by yourself?"
Head, meet desk.
.-= Kaitlyn´s last blog ..The Franken Senate Defense Appropriations Amendment =-.
Ms. M says:
It took me YEARS (as in, about 20 yrs after RA dx at age 10) to embrace the disability label and movement. For me to get there took a small group of like minded women on the internet all struggling with various invisible challenges to talk and work through our feelings about disability, accessing supports (such as a car placard), and how to stand up and demand accomodations without being shamed and silenced about our needs. I'm finally there, and at 37yo, I'm finally able to embrace the word, and the movement. Just in time too… I have a 12yo son on the autistic spectrum, and I needed to embrace my issues to teach him how to be proud and stand up for his needs.
I'd like to present some links that could be useful further reading on these topics. I just hope I don't get caught in any spam filters for providing several links.
The first one is from The Perorations of Lady Bracknell. She addresses some really common misconceptions about the social and medical models. Her article is useful for people new to these ideas, many people not new to them, and especially anyone who has ever believed that the social model means impairments don't cause problems on their own, or that the medical model is the model that good medical professionals ought to use. The link is Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire.
Then there's some things by a writer named Cal Montgomery. She's cognitively and physically disabled, but has been pressured by physically disabled people to pass as purely physically disabled (the same thing happens to me sometimes). She frequently criticizes the entire concept of "invisible disability", saying that it makes it sound like the "invisibility" is happening as a trait of the disabled person rather than a lack of understanding in the particular observer. I see very few other people tackling that idea and I think she's absolutely correct. She talks about it in a lot of places, but her two best articles on the topic are A Hard Look At Invisible Disability and Tangled in the Invisibility Cloak.
I've been challenged enough (told I'm making crap up, basically) when I say that autistic people who can pass for non-autistic are usually visible if you understand what to look for, that at one point I got fed up when writing a post that dealt with that, and wrote up a detailed description of precisely what combinations of things are visible to me that are invisible to people who have no idea what to look for. (I then got criticized for writing a "DIY autie-spotting guide", but that was absolutely not my intention. I was just trying to be concrete about something to avoid being accused of lying.) For people who have trouble imagining how something could be invisible to them but visible to people who know what to look for, this post I wrote might be useful. (Note that I use a lot of terms in it to refer to other people's perceptions, that I would never use myself.)
.-= Amanda´s last blog ..Stuff I've been reading. =-.
amandaw says:
Thanks, Amanda – pulled you out of spam (was indeed the links :)).
Cinnamon Girl says:
Thanks for this blog! And for this post.
.-= Cinnamon Girl´s last blog ..All aboard the clue boat… =-.
Naomi (lilwatchergirl) says:
Lovely to see an American blog addressing the social and medical models of disability!
Great post. Many thanks.
.-= Naomi (lilwatchergirl)´s last blog ..What I've Been Reading =-.
abby jean says:
Naomi – Glad you enjoyed the post! For the record, this isn't an American blog – our contributors are from all over the world.
geeorge ebert says:
My disability is that of having been stigmatized as a "mental patient" and being subject to the stereotypes and discrimination that accompany that identification.
This is a really great post which I would direct other people to in my attempt to get across concepts of identification (by self and by others), terminology, and how they affect how people treat each other.
.-= Ang´s last blog ..The 'hello' post. =-.
Abby Jean: Oops, I saw some US language and assumed – apologies. Interesting to see an international blog addressing such ideas, all the same. It can be hard to tell which ideas about disability are international, especially when language can vary. A great blog you've got here.
.-= Naomi (lilwatchergirl)´s last blog ..NaBloPoMo =-.
Sharon Wachsler says:
18 January, 2010 at 11:58 pm
This was a great article, and some of the other comments added quite a bit. Glad to see mention of Cal Montgomery's work on this issue.
I was involved in the DR movement before I became disabled myself in 1995, and thus I already knew the social model of disability. What I was not prepared for, when I became disabled due to chronic illness, was how ill-adapted the social model was (at that time; there has been much improvement — DRM is a bigger tent now) to deal with the medical/illness aspects of many who are disabled.
My friends and I often found ourselves caught between trying to explain to ABs that no, it wasn't JUST the illness holding us back, it was also the access problems, and to other PWDs that no, it wasn't JUST the access, it was also the illness itself (truly!) holding us back.
I was once invited to be on a disability-themed radio show to talk about my work writing and cartooning about disabilities. The theme for the show was "falling down stories," and I had a good one he wanted me to tell about my service-dog-in-training pulling my 200-pound scooter on top of me. As I was talking, I referred to myself as "sick." The host stopped me and challenged me on using what he felt was problematic terminology. Since my humor column and cartoon series were called "Sick Humor," I was surprised he hadn't seen it coming! I explained that my disability is caused by a chronic illness — that I do feel sick almost all the time, so I use "disabled" and "sick" interchangeably about myself, but wouldn't about someone who didn't have a similar illness. He didn't seem happy with my answer.
I think there is much more awareness of the vast range of disabilities now, among DR activists, and how some of us straddle multiple worlds/"types" of disabilities. I personally have undergone the experience of having been disabled by one set of disabilities, and then becoming much more disabled, and in many new ways, by new illnesses. I find that to the general (AB) world, I was already disabled, and they don't see the huge degree of difference. Among the community of people who have my new disease, though all are "disabled" to one degree or another, as in your article, almost none identify as a PWD. Their illness is their primary identity, and they don't seem to feel much kinship with people with other illnesses or disabilities.
(A side note: I understand why they do this. I am, in fact, carefully avoiding naming the new disease I have because I know that the picture the name conjures will be so far afield from the actual severity and diversity of functional limitation this disease has wrought, that to name it feels like I'm inviting an erasure of my experience.)
In the "general" disability community, there seems to be much more acceptance of the fluidity and multiplicity of disability, in part, I think, because of the existence of progressive disabilities (which is how I usually describe my change in situation) and in part because we're just more used to "difference" as NORMAL.
This is a great site. Wish I knew about it before. Will spread the link.


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Nokia launches low-cost social networking phones
Nokia has announced three new low-cost handsets with full Qwerty keyboards aimed at social networking applications.
The Nokia C3, Nokia C6 and Nokia E5 handsets feature full QWERTY keyboards, and enable access to a range of different email accounts, IM communities and social networks.
"Services that provide easy access to the world's consumer and corporate email and instant messaging are really popular on our Qwerty smartphones such as the Nokia E71 and Nokia E63," said Anssi Vanjoki, Nokia's Head of Markets.
"People want the best messaging and social networking experience on an affordable device, whether it's sending a simple text or instant message, an email, or a direct message from their Twitter account. The Nokia C3, Nokia C6 and Nokia E5 are made for just that."
The EUR90 Nokia C3 is the first of the company's Series 40 devices to sport a full Qwerty keyboard and enable access to social networks directly on the homescreen. People can view, comment, update their status and share pictures to their favorite social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.
It also comes with Ovi Mail and Ovi Chat. Other features include Wifi connectivity, a two megapixel camera, color 2.4-inch screen and support for up to an 8GB memory card.
The Nokia C6 is a Symbian-based smartphone with a 3.2-inch touch screen and full slide-out keyboard. With a suite of email and social networking capabilities, it will cost EUR220 and comes with a five-megapixel camera with autofocus and flash, and Ovi Maps with free walk and drive navigation.
Finally, the EUR180 Symbian-based Nokia E5 combines business features such as Mail for Exchange and IBM Lotus Notes Traveler with personal networking and entertainment capabilities.
The C3 and C6 are epxected out this summer, with the E5 to follow in the third quarter.
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10/22/2015 05:17 pm ET
Nobel Laureate Orhan Pamuk: Nations Like Persons Have Many Identities
His new novel explores the personal experience of migration from the tradition-bound countryside to an ever-changing modern Istanbul.
Nathan Gardels The WorldPost
Schiffer-Fuchs/ullstein bild via Getty Images
Orhan Pamuk speaks to The WorldPost about his new book, "A Strangeness in My Mind," mass urban migration and the turmoil in Turkey.
Orhan Pamuk, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2006, stands out as a novelist who, from his lifelong perch in Istanbul, uniquely straddles East and West. In this conversation with The WorldPost, he discusses his new novel, "A Strangeness in My Mind," the global story of mass urban migration and the prospects for the next election as Turkey is embroiled in political turmoil.
Like many of your novels, this is a richly detailed portrait of your beloved Istanbul. It covers the last decades as Turkey modernized and large populations -- including your protagonist Mevlut -- moved from the traditional Islamic Anatolian countryside to the secular capital on the frontier of Europe -- from tradition to modernity.
Yet, this experience is also universal. The Wordsworth quote about "a strangeness in the mind/ A feeling that I was not for that hour/ Nor for that place," from which your title is taken, describes the sense of loss, dislocation and disorientation that all urban migrants feel around the world when they move from the countryside to Mexico City or Beijing or São Paulo.
Isn't this book as much about the great tale of our time, mass urban migration, as about your individual characters?
'A Strangeness in My Mind' has fairy-tale qualities out of my imagination, but also epic qualities about immigration as it is experienced all around the world.
Mevlut's story may look like a very personal story because it has fable-like qualities. In fact, I first thought of writing only a short story about a man who loses his job selling traditional craft items like the mildly alcoholic boza or yogurt because of industrialization and their displacement by more modern products. It evolved then from a moral story of one individual struggle to a more multi-voice, multi-character epic because I became curious about how immigrants came to Istanbul and settled there.
How did they first build their own houses with their own hands in the shantytowns that sprung up around Istanbul as it developed from a city of 1 million to 17 million in 60 years -- something I have seen from inside as a lifelong resident? What was it like to take so much time to find work and deal with the frustrations of securing the necessary papers or permits from the bureaucracy? Who had to be bribed? How were their families, customs and faith challenged by their new environment? What did it feel like to be marginalized as the rundown neighborhoods where they settled became gentrified over time? We all know this general story. My novel describes it in detail through my characters.
So, yes, "A Strangeness in My Mind" has fairy-tale qualities out of my imagination, but also epic qualities about immigration as it is experienced all around the world. Mevlut's story is also the story seen many times over in immigration from Sicily to Milan or Turin in the 1950s, or from rural Spain to the larger industrial towns or the truly massive migrations to the big cities in China today.
Emad Aljumah via Getty Images
View of back street in Taksim, Istanbul.
Mevlut walks the streets at night in the seeming lost cause of a spent tradition selling boza like his father. This thin and fragile thread to the past is all that gives him a sense of lineage and continuity that helps him keep his balance. His other daytime job is in the modern sector -- reading electric meters for the newly privatized state power company which is growing along with the sprawling city. It is a tenuous thread that ties him to the future.
These contrasting occupations and split identities of Mevlut are a hybrid of the old and the new. Isn't this the way identities really are?
One of the most important things we have learned in modern times -- and even before that as reflected in post-Renaissance literature from Shakespeare to Dostoyevsky -- is that we are not made up of one quality, one color or one idea. The individual is simultaneously made of multiple traits. Our rationality and desires are often in contradiction and play out in complex, not always transparent ways. My understanding of my characters is in this sense Dostoyevskian.
Many of the characters in my novels over the years are upper class, secular Turks. They may have a European outlook and want to join the European Union, but at the same time also believe in the power of the army to make a military coup and will follow an authoritarian leader. Even as they aspire to European values, they also still want to be wrapped in the comforts of traditional ethics, morality and religion. So you can't label something "modern" or "traditional." They bleed into each other.
What makes human beings interesting is that they continue to hold contradictory ideas together at the same time, and that mix is what constitutes the individual character. Nations are also like that. Just as with individuals, you can't look out onto the international scene and say this country is "good" and that country is "bad." The good and the bad go together.
What makes human beings interesting is that they continue to hold contradictory ideas together at the same time, and that mix is what constitutes the individual character.
In my part of the world, egalitarian and authoritarian ideas, most of the time dominant, live alongside more liberal notions. Some want the government to control everything. Others want free trade and markets. Some seek the protection of society by government, others pursue ruthless ways of making money with gangster friends.
In my characters I have sought to portray individuals who can feel affinity with the extreme right-wing, both religious and nationalist, but also with the Marxist, secular groups. In "A Strangeness in My Mind" I use the character of Mevlut as a way to navigate into these far, contradictory corners of Istanbul society.
There is also a kind of dialectic here. Like Turkey itself under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the AKP, modernity has shaped traditional Islamic ways just as they have transformed the Turkey -- and the Istanbul -- of Atatürk into a kind of non-Western modernity. Has each transformed the other?
Yes. Istanbul has become more conservative and religious as a result of the vast migration from rural, traditional areas. A new culture has emerged. New melodramatic movies based on this immigrant sensibility have become highly popular and pervasive. Political Islam itself has transformed from a static posture to a politics of economic development that is responsible for the mushrooming high-rises that have changed the city's skyline. In the process, Erdoğan's party has also changed from a stalwart of clean government to one accused of corruption linked mostly to real estate development.
At the same time, we have seen the emergence of a new individuality, the sense that "you are on your own, charting your own path in the big city." This in turn has generated its own response as we see in Mevlut. He embraces the family more and more, including his contentious cousins, as he feels more alone in the forest of the modern city.
Nirian via Getty Images
The growing financial district of Levent in Istanbul at sunset.
Political Islam itself has transformed from a static posture to a politics of economic development that is responsible for the mushrooming high-rises that have changed the city's skyline.
The philosopher Peter Sloterdijk worries about what such plastic identities always in transition will mean. Modernity, especially as its pace of change quickens, is a steady rupture in which we always feel out of place, "not of this hour."
Sloterdijk has argued that the "excess reality" mobilized by modern energies outstrips any narrative of origins and continuity that can tie a society together. The steady disruption of these energies has led to persistent asymmetry and disequilibrium, perpetual alienation and a lack of balance. Would you agree?
OZAN KOSE via Getty Images
A fire burns in the background as a left-wing militant throws a molotov cocktail toward a water cannon during a demonstration in Istanbul against the deadly attacks in Ankara.
I agree with Sloterdijk as far as it goes. The new influences of global culture are so fast and so rich that the national cultures are broken. The comfort of simple stories no longer can shape a convincing narrative. But I want to underline one difference with Sloterdijk. People adapt the way Mevlut does, as I have already mentioned: He embraces the family.
This is a third dimension. For Mevlut, family is his castle, his refuge and rampart, against the rapidly changing, economically demanding and politically dangerous life of urban Istanbul. It is another world that modernity cannot penetrate. When all else melts, the family is solid.
I'm hoping that the parliamentary elections will pave the way for a coalition that will calm down the turmoil by including the opposite poles of Turkey into a unified sense of national purpose.
Are we seeing the consequences of such rapid change in the political turmoil today in Turkey? The society as a whole can't seem to decide if Turkey wants to go back to the Ottoman past, forward to a European future or something else. In the vacuum of a convincing narrative, division and violence fill the void, as we saw in the recent Ankara bombing.
With the elections coming up in the wake of the Ankara bombing, what's next for Turkey as you see it?
I'm hoping that the parliamentary elections on Nov. 1 will pave the way for a coalition that will calm down the turmoil by including the opposite poles of Turkey into a unified sense of national purpose. In short, to embrace the very diversity of society we have been discussing as the precondition for stability and democracy. There has been too much polarization, too much aggression in Turkish politics today. Politicians should put the brakes on.
WorldPost Books Orhan Pamuk A Strangeness In My Mind Istanbul


The Transported Asset Protection Association (TAPA) developed the internationally accepted standards TAPA FSR (Facility Security Requirements) and TAPA TSR (Trucking Security Requirements) for companies in the transport and logistics sector to ensure the security of goods and cargos in the supply chain. TAPA TSR specifies requirements for their secure transport.
The requirements of TAPA TSR are concerned with transport. This means the equipment of trucks (motor vehicles and trailers), processes and their control within the organization as well as a special communications infrastructure. Here, TAPA TSR distinguishes between three categories (A, B and C), based on the number of trucks in an organization. TSR also encompasses three security levels (Level 1-3). If your organization fulfils all requirements, you will receive a certificate valid for three years. After the certificate has been issued, you as an organization are required to carry out an annual re-certification until the self-assessment during the third year. The results of these self-assessments may be requested by TAPA.
Reduce the risk of theft of pharmaceutical products by implementing the requirements set by TAPA and the EU directive Good Distribution Practice (GDP) and have this certified by DQS in a combined audit.
DQS has been authorized by TAPA to carry out audits and certifications according to both standards TAPA TSR and FSR.
Take advantage of the considerable practical and sector experience of our auditors for the security of your organization.


Sherry L. Granader is a Sports Nutritionist, National Speaker, Author, Writer and Fitness Instructor of Reformer Pilates, Yoga, STEP and Strength Training. She has served as the On-Air Nutritionist for QVC in the United States, UK and shared the stage with such celebrities as Whoopi Goldberg, Suze Orman and Lou Ferrigno, The Incredible Hulk.
Sherry's programs, seminars and workshops leave her audiences inspired and well-informed to become "wellness warriors" ready to take the challenge of achieving optimum health and vitality. Her latest books include "Eat Right, Feel Good, Lose Weight, Have Fun - You Won't Be Hungry!" and "Soy You Wanna Lose Weight?"
Ghostwriting books for Natural Medicine Doctors in the nutrition niche is a passion of Sherry's as well as sharing her Voice Talent with a variety of websites dedicated to improving the health and wellness of all who visit their websites.
Sherry educated viewers about weight loss and nutrition while selling products on-air and taking live call-ins.
Sherry writes articles for various websites that need content on nutrition, fitness and supplements.
Sherry writes books for Natural Medicine Doctors in the nutrition, health and wellness niche.
Sherry also has a Minor in Communications from MSU and her nutrition background is from the American College of Sports Medicine.
Fuel Your Most Important Engine - YOU!


The 122nd Jayanthi Mahotsavam of HH Pujyashri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Mahaswamigal - Kanchi Paramacharyal- was celebrated at Sri Mahaswamigal Manimandapam in Orikkai, near Kanchipuram in the presence of HH Pujyashri Jayendra Saraswathi Shankaracharya Swamigal and HH Pujyashri Sankara Vijayendra Saraswathi Shankaracharya Swamigal on 10 Jun. 2015.
The programme was organized by Sankara Netralaya, Chennai , which also conducted Cataract Surgery camp with its state-of-the-art Mobile Eye Surgical Unit for the benefit of the people of Orikkai and other nearby villages. Pujyashri Acharya Swamigals blessed the programme with Anugraha Bhashanam and blessed the doctors and support staff who conducted the camp.


Finance is an exciting and rapidly growing discipline that examines the acquisition and allocation of financial resources. It involves the study of savings, investment and risk. Rather than measuring past performance, Finance is future-focused and looks at future planning for firms and investors.
Corporate Finance - examines how firms raise and utilise funds. It focuses on the financial decisions of the business firm. Topics include the cost of investment capital, the impact of firm value of managerial decisions about investment, and the methods used to pay for these investments.
Investments - investigates how investors choose securities and asset classes for their portfolios. It looks at the application of scientific tools to personal investment decisions. Topics include the ways in which assets and securities can best be combined for individual investors, how these instruments are priced by markets, and how their performance can be measured.
Financial Institutions and Markets - explores the financial system. It examines the role of banks, regulators and other institutions intrinsic to the financial system, explains the ways in which financial markets operate, and analyses the determination of interest rates.
Our BCom in Finance is recognised by CFA and prepares students for a variety of jobs in the finance sector. Our programme of study positions students to sit CFA exams and has a variety of opportunities such as internships and participation in competitions.
Recommended preparation for Finance includes Year 13 Mathematics and Statistics. Students with outstanding NCEA results can be offered direct entry to 200-level Finance courses at the discretion of the Head of Department.
In the first-year BCom majoring in Finance, FINC101 Personal Finance is a recommended course. MATH 101 or MATH 102 are also required.
Finance can be studied as a major in the Bachelor of Commerce and the Bachelor of Science. It is also available as a minor in the Bachelor of Arts degree.
Students majoring in Finance should also consider taking 200-level Economics courses in microeconomic theory and econometrics.
Students majoring in Finance in the Bachelor of Science are required to take FINC 331 Financial Economics.
BSc (Hons), BCom(Hons) – Students complete a fourth academic year of study comprising 90 points (120 in the BSc(Hons)) in 600-level papers and a research project.
MCom in 180 points – students complete 12 months of further study comprising 120 points of 600-level papers and a research dissertation.
Master of Applied Finance and Economics – students complete a further 12 months of study comprising taught courses in both Economics and Finance.
MCom or MSc by thesis - Students complete two further years of study with the second year being by thesis.
PhD - Students complete a 3-4 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either Honours or Masters by thesis degree.
The Department of Economics and Finance offers Finance under research-focused Masters degrees: MCom and MSc.
There are two pathways leading to the MCom in Finance.
(ii) Successful completion of undergraduate papers in statistics, mathematics, econometrics, and financial economics.
For more information, contact the Graduate Studies Coordinator (Finance) and consult the University Calendar. To be awarded with honours, the minimum study period for full-time (part-time) students is 12 (18) months, and all requirements must be completed within 18 (36) months; without honours, the corresponding periods are 12 (24) months and 24 (48) months respectively.
MCom or MSc by thesis - students complete two further years of study with the second year being by thesis. This pathway is designed for students who have previously completed a graduate-level coursework programme, and consists solely of a thesis (FINC 695; 120 points) on some topic in finance. The main purpose is to demonstrate an ability to undertake a significant piece of independent research (under the supervision of two academic staff members), using the established methods of research appropriate to economic analysis.
The Graduate Studies Coordinator (Finance) will help students who qualify under (iii) to establish if there is a suitable staff member able to act as their supervisor. This cannot be guaranteed. The minimum study period for full-time students is 7 months, and the thesis must be submitted within 12 months to be eligible for Honours, and within 24 months to be eligible for a pass. Part-time students have twice the time limits of full-time students. Most full-time students take approximately 12 months.
For students with an honours degree or equivalent who wish to do a thesis-only (120 point) masters degree, the MSc (Finance) is also available. Requirements and prerequisites are very similar to those for the MCom. For more information, contact the Graduate Studies Coordinator (Finance).
Applicants shall normally have qualified for an Honours degree or passed Part I of the Masters degree, in Finance, with at least a B+ average.
Applicants shall normally have satisfied the Graduate Studies Coordinator (Finance) of (i) their ability to write in clear and accurate English, and (ii) their ability to successfully undertake a programme of independent research.
Applicants shall normally have obtained the agreement of an academic staff member of the Department to provide direct supervision of the research. This may involve agreement on a proposed direction for the candidate's research programme.
The Graduate Studies Coordinator (Finance) will attempt to help applicants (who qualify under points 1 and 2) establish if there is a suitable staff member who is willing to act as their supervisor, but is unable to guarantee that a supervisor will be available.
The Masters degree is a research qualification. The main purpose of the thesis is to demonstrate the candidate's ability to undertake independent research under guidance, using the established methods of research appropriate to economic analysis. Because the emphasis is on independent research, students should not expect that their supervisor will do the research work for them. Rather the role of the supervisor is to provide direction for, and feedback on, the candidate's own original work. In order to ensure good communication with the supervisor, the candidate shall normally undertake the research at the University of Canterbury.
A candidate for Part II of a Masters degree is expected to be a full-time student. Part-time study is permitted for employment, health, family or other reasons, but requires approval by the Academic Board. The minimum time for full-time study for Part II of the MCom degree is 7 months, and the thesis must be submitted within 12 months to be eligible for Honours, and within 24 months to be eligible for a pass. Part-time students have twice the time limits of full-time students.
The Department of Economics and Finance offers the PhD in Finance, and students with a postgraduate degree of a suitably high standard in either of these subjects are eligible to apply for admission.
Financial engineering is a cross-disciplinary field combining financial theory, mathematics and computational tools to design and develop new financial or actuarial products, portfolios and markets. It also has an important role to play in the financial industry's regulatory framework. Financial engineers manage financial risk, identify market opportunities, design and value financial or actuarial (insurance) products, and optimise investment strategies. To carry out these tasks, financial engineers develop mathematical and statistical models, and the computational tools to implement them.
UC is the first university in New Zealand to offer degrees in Financial Engineering. A three-year undergraduate BSc in Financial Engineering covers the core technical skills in financial and economic theory, mathematics and statistics, and computer science. 16 courses are prescribed to provide the depth and breadth of knowledge required of all Financial Engineers. The remaining 8 electives provide pathways to specialise in finance, mathematics and statistics, or computer science.
Our undergraduate programme provides students with employment opportunities at graduation, or allows them to advance to the one-year Honours degree at Canterbury, or to a Masters of Financial Engineering. Graduates with such cross-disciplinary knowledge and highly technical skills have a breadth of career opportunities such as investment, actuaries and statisticians/data scientists.
The Investment Society was established in 2014 to promote financial literacy and careers in the financial industry for all University of Canterbury students. We offer a broad range of events including keynote seminars, career-based and networking events, competitions (online virtual trading & cases), academic tutorials and workshops. In 2019, we are also adding a social aspect to the club with a Beer, Wine and Spirits Stock Exchange, a Night in Las Vegas and an Economics and Finance Leavers Dinner. In 2018, we started a new chapter of The Investment Society, Women in Finance, where we aim to connect women at UC with finance professionals, mentoring, and even offer some work placement opportunities at some of the leading organisations in the financial industry in New Zealand. We also recognise women studying finance at UC who are achieving excellent things in their personal, professional or academic life. If you want to find out more about the club, check out our website, Facebook page or Linkedin!


text:
Twenty One Pilots bringing 'schizoid-pop' to Seoul
Avid local fan base draws the U.S. two-piece back for its first solo show here Twenty One Pilots is Tyler Joseph, left, on lead vocals, piano, ukulele and synthesizer, and Josh Dun, right, on drums.Provided by Warner Music Korea
If Twenty One Pilots are pushed to pinpoint a genre for their music, they'd call it "schizoid-pop." Columbus, Ohio natives Tyler Joseph and Josh Dun say the term was newly coined for their band by a writer in their hometown and they think it's about as close as anyone is going to get.
They tend to take their own approach to music. The two-piece say their sound is "confusing" but not to an extent that it's "a turn-off to people." They say they're just making the stuff they "wish other people were writing."
"A question we've always had a hard time explaining is, 'What genre is your music?' We never really knew how to answer this," said Joseph, the lead singer who also plays the piano, ukulele and synthesizer in the band. "There's a line between too weird, and too safe. We like to try and balance on that line and mess with that line as much as possible."
The band began to gain popularity among Korean fans with a performance at Jisan Rock Valley Festival last year. On March 1, the band will be coming to Seoul for its first solo concert here. The Korea JoongAng Daily interviewed the band via e-mail.
Q. Korean fans know of Twenty One Pilots from your performance at Jisan Rock Valley Festival last summer. This upcoming concert will be your first solo show in Korea. How does it feel?
Dun: It's an incredible feeling. For the last two concerts in Korea, we felt like we had so much to show to the fans, but we couldn't. We see the last shows as a breakout for us in the Korea market. The upcoming tour is just about us two and the fans.
Why did you choose to go with a piano rather than a guitar, and a duo than a group?
Dun: Tyler tried playing the guitar before getting into keyboard. He didn't really stick with it for pretty much the same reason that I never stuck with it - it hurts your fingers. Why would you want to do that? So he started playing something a little less painful, the keyboard.
When we finally started playing music together, we had a really cool friendship and built up excitement to play music together, so we felt like we just wanted to take on the world of bands and music and performing by ourselves - just two of us. We decided to rely on technology to fill in the rest. That may not make a whole lot of sense until you see us perform live. I hope that it would then. For right now it seems to work and it's a lot of fun having just two people.
The video clip you shot to promote your upcoming Seoul concert is grabbing the attention of Korean fans on YouTube because you spoke a bit of Korean and did the "V" gesture Koreans always use in photos. It seems you guys know which buttons to push here. How do you feel about Korea and the Korean music scene?
Dun: I was actually able to travel to Korea three times with my previous bands before Twenty One Pilots, so I've become quite familiar with Korean culture. When it comes to Korean music, K-pop has a really cool sound. I'd like to get into it more. The song "Gangnam Style" really exploded. I was proud of Korea and excited to come over there and play.
Joseph: We love it there. The culture is very different from America in a lot of cool ways. Very accepting of new people and really excited about new music. That's not always the case in America. It's fun to walk around and meet new people and try new foods. Shopping in Korea is always very fun and interesting.
Twenty One Pilots already have a fan club established here in Korea. Why do you think the band is attracting so many Korean fans?
Joseph: It's so cool to hear that. To have fans anywhere is a great feeling. Art for anybody is a vulnerable thing. It's exposing yourself in a big way. Nobody can ever be 100 percent sure that people will like what they do or if it will catch on, but we've always believed our music would and it's truly awesome to see so many people responding positively to our music. The response here in the U.S. has been great, but for some reason, when the response is great in a country on the other side of the world, it seems like it just legitimizes it a little bit more.
What's the story behind the name Twenty One Pilots?
Joseph: I was studying a play in college called "All My Sons" by Arthur Miller. The story was that the main character was building airplane parts for the current war. He learned that some of those parts were faulty, and he had a decision to make: "Do I send them out because I need to make the money to feed my family or do I recall the parts because they could be dangerous?"
Well, he ended up sending the parts out, which is the wrong decision, and twenty-one pilots died because of it. He spends the rest of the play trying to justify why he did that, and at the end of the play, he ends up offing himself.
Anytime we have a decision coming our way, there's the easy route, the route that gets you the money or the fame or all the benefits right away. But in the end, it's the wrong decision. A lot of times, the right decision takes more work, and that band name is a constant reminder for us as individuals and as a band. So, that's where Twenty One Pilots comes from.
What's the concert in March going to be like? What can the fans expect?
Dun: Like we've said before, this is going to be about just us two and the fans. We're going to play some great music and it's going to be a lot of fun. You should be very excited.
By Yim Seung-hye [sharon@joongang.co.kr]
Twenty One Pilots will stage its first solo concert in Korea at the Walker Hill Theater at the Sheraton Grande Walker Hill Hotel in eastern Seoul on March 1. The show starts at 10 p.m. Tickets cost 66,000 won ($ 60.83) ahead of time or 77,000 won at the door. Only those aged 19 years and over are allowed. Special guests Dguru X Acidpunk Dynamite, 9VM5 and Squatters will also perform. For more information, call (010) 3360-7846 or visit twentyonepilots.com.


text:
Q: How can I post multiple survey responses using survey monkey API I have posted a survey response to survey monkey like this and the response saved in survey monkey.
POST https://api.surveymonkey.com/v3/collectors/{collector_id}/responses

json = {
  "custom_variables": {
    "custvar_1": "one",
    "custvar_2": "two"
  },
  "response_status": "completed",
  "custom_value": "custom identifier for the response",
  "date_created": "2015-10-06T12:56:55+00:00",
  "ip_address": "127.0.0.1",
  "recipient_id": "564728340",
{
  "pages": [{
    "id": "12345678",
    "questions": [
    {
        "answers": [{
            "choice_id": "12345678"
        }],
        "id": "12345678"
    },
    {
        "answers": [{
            "row_id": "12345678",
            "col_id": "12345678",
            "choice_id": "12345678"
        }],
        "id": "12345678"
    }]
  }]
}

I want to post multiple responses in a signle API call. Is is possible?

A: There isn't currently a way to bulk import responses with the SurveyMonkey API.
This is something that will likely be available in the future but there isn't a current ETA.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kanye West is an American rapper, known for albums like College Dropout, Late Registration and Graduation. Catch the latest Kanye West news, blogs, tweets and videos on Metro.co.uk.
The Gold Digger rapper is now trying to seek his 'freedom'.


text:
require 'find'
require 'highline'

module Terragov
  class Cleaner
    def delete(path, patterns = [], force = false)
      patterns.each do |pattern|
        puts path

        files = Find.find(path).grep(pattern)

        if files.empty?
          puts "No files found matching #{pattern} in #{path}"
          next
        end

        puts "Files matching #{pattern} found:"

        files.each do |file|
          puts File.expand_path(file)
        end

        unless force
          next unless HighLine.agree('Do you wish to delete?')
        end

        files.each do |file|
          file = File.expand_path(file)
          if Dir.exist?(file)
            # No way to force delete with native Ruby Dir class
            system("rm -rf #{file}")
          else
            File.delete(file)
          end
        end
        puts 'Done'
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hacking Group Discovered Nintendo DS Lite Had A TV Output Feature
Feb 23, 2021 Dennis Patrick
The group was able to restore this feature for use today.
When it comes to Nintendo the company has had success not only for potable handheld gaming along for traditional console platforms. However, it seems like for quite a few years now the company has been attempting to bridge both these mediums in one. We didn't see this really take off until the launch of the Nintendo Wii U, but now there's evidence that points to a hybrid console gimmick coming all the way back to the Nintendo DS.
That's right the first incarnation of the DS lineup was originally planned to feature a TV output function. A group called Lost Nintendo History, which aims to provide marketing materials and original software restores for fans to enjoy, discovered the scrapped feature. There are quite a few of these groups out there that attempt to preserve gaming history. In fact, one of the more big headlines to come out was the discovery of a nearly final build of Dinosaur Land, an IP that was meant for the Nintendo 64 by developers Rare but was reworked for the Star Fox IP.
This discovery shows that the Nintendo DS Lite originally a TV output mode that was disabled. This would allow players to connect their handhelds to a television display and enjoy video games on a bigger screen. We're not sure just why the Nintendo company opted to scrap this feature, but the group was able to rework the software and offer a guide on how to restore this feature for everyone to enjoy.
This is an interesting discovery as it starts to show how Nintendo was aiming to connect both handheld gaming and docking the hardware to a television display for home use. For now, Nintendo is still pushing out the Nintendo Switch platform for players to enjoy both at home or on the go. With that said, there is the Nintendo Switch Lite model version that completely drops the docking system for home television display while coming in at a cheaper price point for players that want a dedicated handheld gaming system.
Source: Gamesradar


text:
At Meadowbrook, our mission guides us every day, in all that we do.
We know, love, and challenge every child.
Together, as a diverse community with high academic, ethical and social
standards, we nurture character, promote confidence, inspire creativity and foster critical thinking skills as we guide each child's journey in the pursuit of excellence.
Click the photos to see happy Meadowbrook students!
You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the media player.
Statement of Diversity & Inclusion
We believe a diverse and inclusive community is central to Meadowbrook's mission.
We embrace our students, faculty and families in all their diversity, which we broadly define as race, gender, age, ability/disability, ethnicity, culture, religion, nationality, family structure, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and socioeconomic class, among other characteristics that contribute to each person's full identity.
We cherish and respect individual stories, strengths, weaknesses, voices, and backgrounds. We examine and question our methods and narratives in order to grow individually and as a community. This is an ongoing, dynamic journey that we take together. We believe that only through such a community can we know, love, and challenge each child.
The Meadowbrook School is committed to providing an exemplary, inspirational K-8 educational experience.
Contact Us How To Apply Visit Meadowbrook Donate to Meadowbrook


Man, I would have killed for a chance at this when I was a kid: Weston Wheels, the awesome bike-repair shop run by the Learning Enrichment Foundation, is offering training and a free bike to six young people from the community.
Do you think I could pass as 19 if I used my old lady's Q10 and Retinol? She spends enough on it that it should work wonders.


Description Caption under photo "Bill MacPhail (right), general manager of the Colorado Springs Sky Sox, Tuesday received testimony that he was the Gazette Telegraph's "man of the year" selection for 1952 when Byron Akers, managing editor of the paper, presented the Sox front office gent with the above award. MacPhail was the fifth person honored by the paper in its annual selection." Photo appeared in the Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph on January 7, 1953, page 15.


text:
Carriera
È stato selezionato dai Phoenix Suns al terzo giro del Draft NBA 1987 (53ª scelta assoluta).

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The 3/4 oz Flip Top Unit is available in a Stream spray pattern. Labels on the cans are filled with all of the necessary information that you need. Serial Numbers, Expiration Dates, Stock Numbers, and Delivery System are all included on the label for easy identification. Safe for use with EMD devices (Electro-Muscular Disruptor).


text:
A-League Analysis
Home Analysis Connor Metcalfe 2019/20 – scout report
Connor Metcalfe 2019/20 – scout report
Ewan Beattie
The 2019/20 season would be a big one for Melbourne City midfielder Connor Metcalfe. The 20-year-old broke into Erick Mombaerts' side and became a regular in both league and cup competitions. Melbourne have been one of the top-performing sides this season, sitting second in the table and reaching the FFA Cup final, which makes Metcalfe's emergence all the more impressive.
This tactical analysis will provide a scout report on Metcalfe and look at how he fits into Melbourne's tactics. It will also provide an analysis of the player's strengths and weaknesses.
Melbourne City have lined up mostly in a 4-3-3 formation similar to sister club Man City. This sees one midfielder, usually Joshua Brillante or Rostyn Griffiths, sit deeper than the others and operating as a deep-lying playmaker. In this system, Metcalfe has been used as one of the more advanced midfielders on the left-hand side. In the 4-3-3 he is afforded a good amount of freedom to roam forwards. This sees him drive into the half-space a lot, as shown by his heatmap.
Former EFL winger Craig Noone usually plays on the left wing for Melbourne and stays very wide hugging the touchline. This allows Metcalfe space to get forward into the half-space and create chances or go for goal himself. This movement into a wider area sees him complete 1.48 crosses per 90, the third-most among midfielders under 23.
At times, Metcalfe has also been deployed in different roles when Mombaerts has opted for a different system. When using a 4-4-1-1 formation, Metcalfe was used as an attacking midfielder, behind Jamie MacLaren. This helped to utilise his attacking threat, however, he is most effective when used in the 4-3-3.
Left side build-up
As mentioned above, Metcalfe is allowed the freedom to roam on the left and regularly finds himself high up the pitch. Melbourne typically line up on the left side with Scott Jamieson at left-back and Craig Noone on the left wing. The example below demonstrates a common feature of Melbourne's play up this side.
As Jamieson receives the ball, Noone drops deeper. This draws the full-back in and leaves space behind him. As soon as Noone makes this movement, Metcalfe quickly accelerates beyond him into the space which was vacated. Metcalfe escaped his marker before beating the centre-back who had been forced across and playing a ball into MacLaren. MacLaren was allowed space in the box thanks to the movement which took place beforehand. No-one drew in the full-back forcing the centre-back to cover Metcalfe's run.
This movement can be seen again below. Lachlan Wales this time drops deep prompting Metcalfe to run into the space left by Ziggy Gordon. Metcalfe doesn't rush when he gets the ball as he gets his head up and picks his moment to play a low cross. Adrian Luna runs across the box and has a simple finish. Before making his run, Metcalfe had already positioned himself in a good amount of space. This allowed him to provide a short option, enticing the holding midfielder to follow him before turning and breaking behind the full-back.
The opposite of this movement is also used a lot by Melbourne. As shown below, Metcalfe drops in between the defence and midfield which attracts the right-back. This allows space for Noone to attack on the outside as Metcalfe plays the first-time ball between the two defenders. This is a good display of his game intelligence as he is capable of fulfilling both roles successfully. This intelligence is further demonstrated as the move progresses.
After playing the ball wide, Metcalfe re-positioned himself on the edge of the area where space opened up thanks to his pass out wide attracting the defenders. On this occasion, the ball into the box is cleared. However, on another day it could have broken for the midfielder who had himself in a good position.
Linking with midfield
While a lot of his work goes into linking with the left side of his team, Metcalfe is also capable of linking with his other midfielders. Melbourne are a possession-focused side with the third-highest average possession in the league at 51.3%. This adds importance to this area of a midfielder's game, an area which Metcalfe could look to improve on. He makes an average of 35.54 passes per 90 while the league average sits at 43.7. This suggests he could be more involved in the game and look to have an impact on the ball. This would make him an even more dangerous player when partnered with his off the ball runs.
Above is an example of some of the good work he does in the midfield. After winning the ball ahead of two defenders, he calmly played it back to Griffiths at the base of midfield. As soon as he did this he turned and looked to make a move forward. This meant that when Griffiths played it to Luna a new option had opened up, and this was then combined with his bursting runs forward as mentioned above.
He broke forward into the half-space when Luna opted for a long ball rather than the option which Metcalfe had provided. This is a sign of what Metcalfe can do and is encouraging as he develops further as a player. His 1.14 smart passes per 90 also ranks him ninth among midfielders, showing he does provide a creative spark to his team.
Goal threat
With this being Metcalfe's first season in the first team, he is still adapting to senior football. This has meant his influence in front of goal has been fairly limited. He has provided two goals and one assist this season, which on the surface seems underwhelming. However, his sample size is relatively small, playing 884 minutes. Despite the low influence he has outperformed both his xG of 1.61 and his xA of 0.9. This shows that he is making the most of the opportunities which have come his way.
Both of Metcalfe's Melbourne City goals have came from headers. As is a theme in his game, it's once again his off-the-ball movement which helps to get chances. As shown above, it is his late runs which are effective in these situations. The striker had dropped deep attracting the attention of Metcalfe's marker. This allowed the midfielder the freedom to burst between the two centre-backs into the box. He ran on the blindside of the left-side centre-back meaning he wouldn't be picked up. Noone's cross from deep was headed away on this occasion however, Metcalfe had gotten himself into a dangerous area. He wins 52.17% of his 2.62 aerial duels per 90 which places him in the top bracket of midfielders.
Metcalfe also has a tendency to break from midfield and run beyond the striker. This is shown above as he sees the gap between the centre-backs. Brillante lifts the ball over the defence which Metcalfe latches onto and runs in on goal but can't finish. This is another element of his game which could prove dangerous but still needs some fine-tuning. His 1.82 shots per 90 sit him eighth amongst midfielders, however, only 25% of these are on target which is below the league average.
As shown below, his shots tend to be taken in and around the box with only a few exceptions. The two shots on target from outside the box is a sign of encouragement that this is an area of his game that can improve as he develops. His goal conversion rate of 12.5% has him seventh among midfielders, however, he has a way to go before reaching the top performers in the league.
Defensive play
The defensive side of Metcalfe's game is an area he could look to improve but it doesn't hold him back. He's successful with 56.14% of his 6.49 defensive duels per 90. While these figures aren't particularly impressive, he does play a more advanced role than most of the other players he is compared to.
Often it is his defensive positioning and awareness to cover space which can catch the eye rather than his duels. In the example below, left-back Scott Jamieson steps out to press the ball. Noticing this, Metcalfe quickly drops into this position to close down the wide man. When the ball was played to the wing, Metcalfe was well-positioned to force a rushed ball which was cleared. This is another display of his intelligence and reading of the game which is impressive at his age.
Metcalfe shows up fairly well when it comes to counter-pressing. His 4.67 counter-pressing recoveries per 90 sits him 17th amongst midfielders in the league. These make up most of his recoveries and are spread evenly around the field. This shows he does get involved defensively rather than staying up the park. He certainly shows signs this is another area of his game which could become a real asset in the future.
Metcalfe is one of a number of promising midfielders in the A-League. He suits Melbourne City's tactics well with his bursting runs from midfield to support the attack. While he could do with brushing up the technical side of his game, it isn't holding him back. He is an intelligent player for his age and demonstrates good reading of the game in both the attacking and defensive phase. He isn't an outstanding defensive player yet he shows signs this is capable of improving on.
Metcalfe would benefit from a few more years in Australia where he could become one of the top midfielders. Following this, he could look to make a move to Europe with aspirations of playing in the Champions League. He is well on his way to becoming an outstanding A-League player and getting involved with the national team.
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text:
Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COC) Achieve Material Designation in New U.S. Pharmacopeia Standard for Pharma Packaging
TOPAS Advanced Polymers, Inc. Aug 22, 2016
TOPAS Advanced Polymers is First Resin Maker to Meet Newly Revised USP 661.1 Standard for Plastic Materials of Construction
FLORENCE, Ky., August 17, 2016 - In the latest revision of the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) standard for pharmaceutical packaging, cyclic olefins have been designated as a material category alongside other plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and PET-G, it was announced today by TOPAS Advanced Polymers, one of the world's leading COC suppliers. Since their introduction more than 20 years ago, TOPAS COC has enjoyed strong growth in primary pharmaceutical packaging (syringes, vials, containers, etc.) as well as medical devices (insulin pumps and inhalers).
TOPAS Advanced Polymers also announced that its COC materials have earned compliance with U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) 661.1, a newly instituted standard for plastic packaging systems for the pharmaceutical industry. The company is the first thermoplastic resin manufacturer to achieve compliance with the new standard, which took effect May 1. Six of TOPAS Advanced Polymers' COC pharma grades have been tested and approved by Toxikon Corp., a leading pre-clinical contract research and testing organization.
USP's recently revised Chapter 661 incorporates standards to better characterize plastic materials and resins, according to Gunther Appel, TOPAS global product and quality manager. "If you have well-characterized materials, chances are you will have a well-characterized container that is suitable for packaging pharmaceuticals," said Appel. "You have the flexibility to assess solutions based on risk."
Compliance with USP 661.1 is a prerequisite for pharmaceutical and packaging companies and plastics processors who are involved in the development and manufacture of new pharmaceutical packaging. USP 661.1 provides the testing rationale for plastic materials of construction and packaging systems used for pharmaceuticals. The new USP chapter will help determine whether a material is deemed well-characterized by establishing its identity, biocompatibility (biological reactivity), general physicochemical properties, additive compositions, and level of extractable metals.
With compliance to USP 661.1, TOPAS Advanced Polymers validates that its COC products are well-characterized, ensuring that the materials' properties and attributes can be matched to the performance requirements of the pharma packaging system, according to Appel.
About TOPAS Advanced Polymers
TOPAS Advanced Polymers is the world's leading maker of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), a glass-clear and incredibly pure plastic for healthcare, optics, packaging, and electronics applications. From insulin delivery, to food contact films, to tablet and smartphone displays, TOPAS COC is the high-performance material of choice. The broad global regulatory compliance of TOPAS COC can make your next development a simpler task. Learn more at www.topas.com.
Plain Bearings (Bushings)
Bushing Material helps protect pumps and prolong pump life.
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New Liquid Crystal Polymers are Ideal for Changing Interconnect Environment
SponsoredTest & Measurement
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Construction Materials for the Future


text:
import unittest
from robotide.namespace.namespace import _Keywords
from nose.tools import assert_true, assert_false, assert_equals

class ItemMock(object):

    def __init__(self, name, args, long):
        self.name = name
        self.arguments = args
        self.longname = long

class TestKeywords(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.kws = _Keywords([ItemMock('My kw', ['${arg}'], 'source.My kw'),
                       ItemMock('Given foo', [], 'source.Given foo'),
                       ItemMock('${user} should ${foo} and ${bar}', [], 'longem'),
                       ItemMock('this ${has} real args', ['${arg}'], 'long.normal')])

    def test_parse_keywords(self):
        assert_true(self.kws.get('My kw'))

    def test_normalize(self):
        assert_true(self.kws.get('mykw'))
        assert_true(self.kws.get('M Y     KW'))
        assert_false(self.kws.get('my kw?'))

    def test_underscore_normalization(self):
        assert_true(self.kws.get('m_ykw'))
        assert_true(self.kws.get('_mY_kw_'))

    def test_longname(self):
        assert_true(self.kws.get('source.my kw'))

    def test_given_when_then(self):
        assert_true(self.kws.get('Given foo'))
        assert_true(self.kws.get('Given my kw'))
        assert_true(self.kws.get('When my kw'))
        assert_true(self.kws.get('then mykw'))
        assert_true(self.kws.get('  and  given foo'))

    def test_embedded_args(self):
        assert_true(self.kws.get('john should embed arguments and something'))
        assert_true(self.kws.get('WHEN john should embed arguments and something'))
        assert_false(self.kws.get('this keyword has real args'))

    def test_embedded_args_are_space_sensitive(self):
        assert_false(self.kws.get('john shouldembed arguments and something'))
        assert_false(self.kws.get('given johnshould embed arguments and something'))

    def test_first_come_prioritized_when_same_short_name(self):
        kws = _Keywords([ItemMock('My kw', ['${arg}'], 'source.My kw'),
                       ItemMock('My kw', [], 'Collision!')])
        assert_equals(kws.get('My kw').arguments, ['${arg}'])
        assert_equals(kws.get('Collision!').arguments, [])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


text:
Introduction: 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond
James MacDowell, Richard McCulloch
Department of Communication & Humanities
Centre for Participatory Culture
7 January 2018. Beverley Hills, California. It was the night of the 75th Golden Globe Awards, and James Franco had just been named Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for his performance in The Disaster Artist (2017). But as he stepped up to give his acceptance speech, Franco gestured for Tommy Wiseau – the eccentric filmmaker he had depicted in the movie – to join him on stage. He may not have been receiving an award himself, but this was a truly astonishing moment for Wiseau, for whom the night appeared to mark the end of an extraordinary journey from rejection to acceptance. 'Nineteen years ago,' Franco explained, '[Tommy] was stuck in traffic from [that year's] Golden Globes, and he said to his best friend … "Golden Globes? So what? I'm not invited, they don't want me, guy with accent, long hair. So I show them. I don't wait for Hollywood; I make my own movie"' (NBC 2018). And against all odds, that is exactly what he did. Wiseau had no prior Hollywood experience, yet in 2003, he succeeded in financing, writing, directing, starring in, and self-distributing The Room. The movie was released in just two Los Angeles cinemas, but to this day (sixteen years later at the time of writing) it still plays regularly to packed audiences all around the world. The levels of enthusiasm among its fans, and the film's longevity as a commodity, represent the kind of success that few Hollywood productions ever achieve.
Dive into the research topics of 'Introduction: 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Golden Globe Arts & Humanities 100%
Reception Aesthetics Arts & Humanities 88%
Movies Arts & Humanities 65%
movies Social Sciences 60%
Hollywood Arts & Humanities 56%
Night Arts & Humanities 33%
Best Actor Arts & Humanities 33%
Acceptance Arts & Humanities 30%
MacDowell, J., & McCulloch, R. (2019). Introduction: 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond. Continuum, 33(6), 643-652. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2019.1677978
MacDowell, James ; McCulloch, Richard. / Introduction : 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond. In: Continuum. 2019 ; Vol. 33, No. 6. pp. 643-652.
@article{f857c2c52938439d99937dace82f7354,
title = "Introduction: {\textquoteleft}So bad it{\textquoteright}s good{\textquoteright}: aesthetics, reception, and beyond",
abstract = "7 January 2018. Beverley Hills, California. It was the night of the 75th Golden Globe Awards, and James Franco had just been named Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for his performance in The Disaster Artist (2017). But as he stepped up to give his acceptance speech, Franco gestured for Tommy Wiseau – the eccentric filmmaker he had depicted in the movie – to join him on stage. He may not have been receiving an award himself, but this was a truly astonishing moment for Wiseau, for whom the night appeared to mark the end of an extraordinary journey from rejection to acceptance. {\textquoteleft}Nineteen years ago,{\textquoteright} Franco explained, {\textquoteleft}[Tommy] was stuck in traffic from [that year{\textquoteright}s] Golden Globes, and he said to his best friend … "Golden Globes? So what? I{\textquoteright}m not invited, they don{\textquoteright}t want me, guy with accent, long hair. So I show them. I don{\textquoteright}t wait for Hollywood; I make my own movie"{\textquoteright} (NBC 2018). And against all odds, that is exactly what he did. Wiseau had no prior Hollywood experience, yet in 2003, he succeeded in financing, writing, directing, starring in, and self-distributing The Room. The movie was released in just two Los Angeles cinemas, but to this day (sixteen years later at the time of writing) it still plays regularly to packed audiences all around the world. The levels of enthusiasm among its fans, and the film{\textquoteright}s longevity as a commodity, represent the kind of success that few Hollywood productions ever achieve.",
keywords = "{\textquoteleft}So bad it{\textquoteright}s good{\textquoteright}, Aesthetics, Reception",
author = "James MacDowell and Richard McCulloch",
journal = "Continuum",
MacDowell, J & McCulloch, R 2019, 'Introduction: 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond', Continuum, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 643-652. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2019.1677978
Introduction : 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond. / MacDowell, James; McCulloch, Richard.
In: Continuum, Vol. 33, No. 6, 23.10.2019, p. 643-652.
T1 - Introduction
T2 - 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond
AU - MacDowell, James
AU - McCulloch, Richard
N2 - 7 January 2018. Beverley Hills, California. It was the night of the 75th Golden Globe Awards, and James Franco had just been named Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for his performance in The Disaster Artist (2017). But as he stepped up to give his acceptance speech, Franco gestured for Tommy Wiseau – the eccentric filmmaker he had depicted in the movie – to join him on stage. He may not have been receiving an award himself, but this was a truly astonishing moment for Wiseau, for whom the night appeared to mark the end of an extraordinary journey from rejection to acceptance. 'Nineteen years ago,' Franco explained, '[Tommy] was stuck in traffic from [that year's] Golden Globes, and he said to his best friend … "Golden Globes? So what? I'm not invited, they don't want me, guy with accent, long hair. So I show them. I don't wait for Hollywood; I make my own movie"' (NBC 2018). And against all odds, that is exactly what he did. Wiseau had no prior Hollywood experience, yet in 2003, he succeeded in financing, writing, directing, starring in, and self-distributing The Room. The movie was released in just two Los Angeles cinemas, but to this day (sixteen years later at the time of writing) it still plays regularly to packed audiences all around the world. The levels of enthusiasm among its fans, and the film's longevity as a commodity, represent the kind of success that few Hollywood productions ever achieve.
AB - 7 January 2018. Beverley Hills, California. It was the night of the 75th Golden Globe Awards, and James Franco had just been named Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for his performance in The Disaster Artist (2017). But as he stepped up to give his acceptance speech, Franco gestured for Tommy Wiseau – the eccentric filmmaker he had depicted in the movie – to join him on stage. He may not have been receiving an award himself, but this was a truly astonishing moment for Wiseau, for whom the night appeared to mark the end of an extraordinary journey from rejection to acceptance. 'Nineteen years ago,' Franco explained, '[Tommy] was stuck in traffic from [that year's] Golden Globes, and he said to his best friend … "Golden Globes? So what? I'm not invited, they don't want me, guy with accent, long hair. So I show them. I don't wait for Hollywood; I make my own movie"' (NBC 2018). And against all odds, that is exactly what he did. Wiseau had no prior Hollywood experience, yet in 2003, he succeeded in financing, writing, directing, starring in, and self-distributing The Room. The movie was released in just two Los Angeles cinemas, but to this day (sixteen years later at the time of writing) it still plays regularly to packed audiences all around the world. The levels of enthusiasm among its fans, and the film's longevity as a commodity, represent the kind of success that few Hollywood productions ever achieve.
KW - 'So bad it's good'
KW - Reception
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074532886&doi=10.1080%2f10304312.2019.1677978&partnerID=40&md5=f21ba4e87e8f57892f632a9faa952830
JO - Continuum
JF - Continuum
MacDowell J, McCulloch R. Introduction: 'So bad it's good': aesthetics, reception, and beyond. Continuum. 2019 Oct 23;33(6):643-652. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2019.1677978


text:
Surround SCM is a software configuration management application developed by Seapine Software, now owned by Perforce since 2017. Perforce integrated the software with its Helix ALM product.

Architecture
Surround SCM has a client–server architecture. The server manages a central database of file versions and branches. Users work on files on their local hard drive and submit changed files together in changelists. The client and  server communicate via a TCP/IP connection using 512-bit encryption.

Server
Surround SCM stores data in an industry-standard relational database management system. The database contains both the file contents and metadata (file state, file attributes, branching and merging history, changelists, filters, users, groups, labels, etc.). A proxy server can optionally be installed to improve performance of file retrievals for distributed teams.

Clients
There are several different categories of Surround SCM clients: GUI, CLI, API, Web UI, and plugin.

The cross-platform GUI client is developed with Qt and available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It fully supports all end-user operations and administration operations.

The command line interface (CLI) is also available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The CLI can be used in any command shell or script. Build scripts generally access Surround SCM files via the CLI.

Surround SCM's open API allows users to write applications that access branches, repositories, and files on the Surround SCM Server using the C, Java, and .Net programming languages.

The plugin interfaces integrate Surround SCM client functionality into third-party applications. Surround SCM plugins are available for Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, KDevelop, Visual Studio, NetBeans, JDeveloper, PowerBuilder, WebStorm, Windows Explorer, Mac OS X Finder, Linux file system, Bugzilla, JIRA, Microsoft TFS, TestTrack, Ant, NAnt, Hudson, Jenkins, TeamCity, CruiseControl, CruiseControl.NET, Dreamweaver, FinalBuilder, Microsoft Office, and QA Wizard.

Release History
Major release versions of Surround SCM, along with their release dates:
 version 1.0 (September 3, 2002)
 version 1.1 (October 1, 2002)
 version 1.2 (January 29, 2003)
 version 1.5 (April 21, 2003)
 version 2.0 (August 26, 2003)
 version 2.1 (December 15, 2003)
 version 3.0 (August 2, 2004)
 version 3.1 (February 7, 2005)
 version 4.0 (July 19, 2005)
 version 4.1 (January 30, 2006)
 version 5.0 (November 2, 2006)
 version 2008.0 (October 9, 2007)
 version 2008.1 (April 21, 2008)
 version 2009.0 (February 5, 2009)
 version 2009.1 (June 30, 2009)
 version 2010.0 (November 16, 2009)
 version 2010.1 (May 3, 2010)
 version 2011.0 (October 21, 2010)
 version 2011.1 (June 1, 2011)
 version 2012.0 (February 9, 2012)
 version 2012.1 (March 9, 2012)
 version 2013.0 (October 22, 2012)
 version 2013.1 (March 20, 2013)
 version 2013.2 (September 12, 2013)
 version 2014.0 (March 14, 2014)
 version 2014.1 (September 5, 2014)
 version 2015.0 (December 17, 2014)
 version 2015.1 (September 8, 2015)
 version 2016.0 (April 11, 2016)
 version 2016.1 (October 6, 2016)
 version 2017.1 (April 24, 2017)
 version 2017.2 (September 18, 2017)
 version 2018.1 (March 5, 2018)
 version 2018.2 (August 30, 2018)
 version 2019.1 (February 11, 2019)
 version 2019.2 (October 15, 2019)
 version 2020.1 (May 26, 2020)
 version 2021.1 (July 28, 2021)

Features
Surround SCM features include:
 Branching and merging
 File and change set labeling
 Graphical file history
 Changelist and atomic transactions
 Filters
 Search file contents
 Shelves
 Configurable workflow
 Email notifications
 Custom fields
 Code review capabilities
 Role-based security groups
 Single sign-on
 Data stored in an RDBMS
 External reports
 Cross-platform GUI and CLI
 Electronic signatures
 Automatic client upgrades
 Proxy server
 Shadow folders

Awards
In 2008 Surround SCM won a Jolt Award in the Change and Configuration Management category.

See also
Comparison of revision control software
List of revision control software

References

External links
Perforce Surround SCM website

Proprietary version control systems
File comparison tools
Configuration management


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