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The San Francisco Board of Supervisors will be hearing legislation on December 12th that would bind the City and County to 4 more years of fiscal sponsorship for the dangerous Urban Shield police militarization, SWAT training, and weapons expo program. We need Supervisors to hear us today as we call on them to make a bold statement against Urban Shield. Use the form below to send an email to San Francisco Supervisors.
If you live or work in San Francisco, please indicate which neighborhood.
Add a custom message to explain why you oppose Urban Shield!
San Francisco: Say No to Urban Shield!
INSERT A FEW WORDS HERE ABOUT WHY YOU THINK SF SHOULD PULL OUT OF URBAN SHIELD The Stop Urban Shield coalition asks Supervisors on Tuesday speak out against racist militarized policing. The City and County should not continue to support and fiscally sponsor militarized policing and racial profiling through Urban Shield. The MOU (file #177158) currently being heard by the Board would designate San Francisco as ongoing Fiscal Agent for the federal money which funds Urban Shield through November 30, 2021, and prohibit the City from putting any conditions on the program, including around racial profiling or militarized policing. We cannot allow SF to be a financial accomplice to the violence of Urban Shield. We need the City and County to prioritize political and financial investments in prevention, response, and recovery to the emergencies of our communities, including the daily incremental crises of environmental change, gentrification, and displacement. We ask you to take action on Tuesday. We need you to use your platform to make a bold statement against Urban Shield and police militarization and help set the stage for extricating SF from Urban Shield as soon as possible. Speak loudly and make sure Alameda County Board of Supervisors and Sheriff Ahern hear the calls of San Francisco to end police militarization and racial profiling. Urban Shield is a regional, national and global weapons expo and SWAT training that has taken place annually in Alameda County since 2007. It brings together law enforcement agencies and first responders from across the country and world under a "nexus to terrorism" framework – including San Francisco Police, Sheriff's, and Fire Departments – to receive training and resources that are then used repress, criminalize, and militarize our communities. The SF Board of Supervisors plays an important role in determining the nature, form, and implementation of the region's emergency preparedness. Shifting disaster preparedness priorities toward community strength and resilience and away from war games and militarization is an important way to demonstrate a commitment to shoring up preparedness without making the city and county's communities vulnerable. I ask that you and the rest of the Board of Supervisors work towards prohibiting San Francisco City and County funds to be used for participation in Urban Shield and other violent police militarization programs, and in so doing, recommit to community based safety and emergency preparedness. Thank you for your attention and action on this important matter.


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First Fleet (2020)
Presented By: Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre, Nine Years Theatre
Thursday – Saturday: 8pm
Saturday & Sunday: 3pm
SCCC Far East Organization Auditorium, Level 9
Performance will be conducted in Mandarin, with English surtitles, including closed captions for the deaf and hard-of-hearing
Dance/Theatre
Nine Years Theatre and Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre jointly present to you First Fleet once again. The audience will be seated on the stage of the Cultural Centre's auditorium, as they set sail with the players to explore the relationships between theatre and humanity.
The year is 1787. The First Fleet of the British Empire sets sail for Australia with a group of convicts aboard, to establish a penal colony. Along the way, the Governor instructs one of his lieutenants to rehearse a play with the convicts, with the hope of using the power of theatre to rehabilitate them. But who has ever heard of an officer putting up a play with his convicts? Certainly not the other officers, priest, judge, doctor or the convicts, who all have reservations about such a ridiculous proposition. Will they eventually be able to stage the play successfully? For these officers and convicts, is the foreign land that they are attempting to build a penal colony in, a brave new world or simply a nightmare from hell?
First Fleet is inspired by Thomas Keneally's novel The Playmaker and other materials on the convict transportation to Australia.
Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre, Nine Years Theatre
PAssion Card and DBS Paylah: 10%
Senior Citizens, Students & NSF: 15%
Group/ Corporate Discounts: 20% (min 20 tickets, to contact NYT at [email protected])
9-Fan and Gen-9 Discounts also available
Tickets available from SISTIC
Singapore Art Week 2020 - Sculpture [email protected]
Singapore Art Week 2020 - CBD Arts Trail

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What happens if the FA Cup Round Two match against Barrow AFC ends all square after 90 minutes?
A second round replay on Tuesday 13th December at Holker Street, Barrow-in-Furness, LA14 5UW.
The 4,000 capacity Furness Building Society Stadium will welcome you.
The train journey is a chance to sample several station changeovers in a 5-6 hour expedition.
The car journey from Bristol on a Tuesday evening is likely to take well in excess of six hours.
Both sides would be in the pot for the third round draw on Monday 5th December 2016.
A victory first time around rather than a victory on penalties after a replay is an appealing outcome.
Away fans are mostly housed on one side of the Holker Street Terrace (towards the Main Stand) at one end of the ground. Some Away supporters may be squeezed into one end of the Main Stand.


The whole world is eagerly waiting for Prince Harry will propose to his sweetheart, actress Meghan Markle, who gained fame after starring in the series "Force majeure".
Recently in the Network was posted Megan's pictures of her posing in a rather candid images. In principle, these clothes are familiar in the modern world, but will refer to them by Queen Elizabeth.
Everyone knows that for members of the Royal family have strict restrictions that they must comply with. But of course Markle is not yet in this family, and perhaps these photos will close my eyes.
Moreover, they were made long before the Prince began Dating actress and surfaced only now.


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Curious/Creepy: The tables turned!
Friends, on Tuesday I was the subject of a morning commuter's curious/creepy! Not that he seems to have formalized the practice, as I have, but I was distinctly spied upon. Here's what happened, long version:
I stayed up much too late Monday night watching as the results of Canada's latest federal election came in. By 10:30 pm, it was clear that a 4-year right-wing nut job nightmare had begun in earnest but I couldn't stop watching; there really is something to be said for that over-used train wreck metaphor. I roared in disbelief, I seethed, I wondered where I could sue for second citizenship, and all well into the wee hours. At 6 am, as usual, my alarm went off. I got up to get ready to go to the gym, but I had a headache, so I decided to get back into bed. After two minutes, I got up again and put on my gym clothes and went and worked out in pure rage and loathing for those who voted for the man with the dead, dead eyes.
So, I worked out in a rage, on approximately 4 hours of sleep. A short time later, I found myself commuting to work with a very downcast collection of commuting characters. I tried to console myself with some Chaz. Dickens but I literally could not keep my eyes open and I slept for a large segment of the trip. I hope I didn't drool on myself or on anyone else, but I may never know either way. I woke up two stops before my transfer, as a fella in his 40s (50s?) sat down next to me. I sleepily noted three things: 1) While I had slept enough to dream a little, I hadn't loosed my hold on my page marker in Martin Chuzzlewit; 2) The fella sitting down was trying to determine the title of the book I had in hand; 3) Said fella was also clutching a copy of Shakespeare's A Comedy of Errors. As I eyeballed his book, he eyeballed mine.
In Toronto, the normal conclusion to such an awkward interaction would be uncomfortable silence followed quickly by a mutually agreed upon decision to pretend as though we weren't even aware of one another's existence; or, if late on a Saturday night (especially on the Vomit Comet), a fistfight. But as I am clearly not from Toronto, and neither could he have been, we spontaneously launched into a very enjoyable but short conversation about our books. He asked me how I was enjoying Martin Chuzzlewit; I said I liked it very much, but thought my previous Dickens (The Old Curiosity Shop – of which, more anon! I finished it ages ago) was better in spite of the critical dissatisfaction with it; that there was something wrong with the pacing of Martin Chuzzlewit. He agreed with my feelings on both novels and indicated that before reading those two, he'd read Little Dorrit – and I said ME TOO and we discussed how annoying Little Amy's family was.
We went on to agree that reading Shakespeare over again was very necessary. We also gushed about how our favourite Shakespearean plays were Measure for Measure and Troilius and Cressida; I added The Winter's Tale to this venerable list and he concurred, AND told me that it might be on the bill for performance in High Park this summer…I may have squealed in delight at this piece of info. But then we both remembered that we've neither of us ever actually enjoyed CanStage productions of Shakespeare's plays in High Park and were sad. And then, it was my stop.
Really, this sort of spontaneous friendliness never happens, especially not in Toronto. People here are generally very mistrustful of friendliness; they think the smile will be followed by a punch in the neck maybe. But I was pleased. And it reminded me that C/C was really born of one such friendly and unexpected interaction: many years ago now, on a train from Kingston to Toronto, the passenger next to me spied on my reading and we ended up talking about books for hours and HE introduced me to the love of my literary life, David Mitchell. So people, yes, we all love books better than we love reality, but sometimes reality is good too.
Posted by Bookphilia at 14:21
Labels: Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, Transit reading, William Shakespeare
Heidenkind said...
A fellow literature enthusiast! How intriguing.
Now that I think about it, the only random conversations I've ever had with strangers have been over books.
This was excellent. Perhaps you will see him on the train again sometime.
Bookphilia said...
It's funny, but I've been having mini-conversations about books with lots of people lately...maybe it's because I look so happily engaged in my 19th century lit project. :)
Come see me at Jam and Idleness to find out!
Victorian Literature Project
1. Charles Dickens (1812-70): The Old Curiosity Shop (1841)
2. Dickens: Martin Chuzzlewit (1844)
3. Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865): Mary Barton (1848)
4. W.M. Thackeray (1811-63): Vanity Fair (1848)
5. Dickens: Dombey and Son (1848)
6. Thackeray: The History of Henry Esmond (1852)
7. Charlotte Bronte (1816-55): Villette (1853)
8. Dickens: Bleak House (1853)
9. Gaskell: North and South (1855)
10. Anthony Trollope (1815-82): The Warden (1855)
11. Robert Browning (1812-89): Men and Women (1855)
12. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-61): Aurora Leigh (1856)
13. Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-92): Idylls of the King (1859)
14. Ellen Wood (1814-87): East Lynne (1861)
15. Christina Rosetti (1830-94): Goblin Market and Other Poems (1862)
16. Wilkie Collins (1824-89): No Name (1862)
17. Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1837-1915): Aurora Floyd (1863)
18. Charles Kingsley (1819-75): The Water Babies (1863)
19. Sheridan le Fanu (1814-73): Uncle Silas (1864)
20. Gaskell: Wives and Daughter (1865)
21. Collins: Armadale (1866)
22. Margaret Oliphant (1828-97): Miss Marjoribanks (1866)
23. Trollope: The Claverings (1867)
24. Matthew Arnold (1822-88): The Poetical Works of Matthew Arnold (random placement)
25. Browning: The Ring and the Book (1869)
26. le Fanu: The Wyvern Mystery (1869)
27. Trollope: He Knew He Was Right (1869)
28. George Eliot (1819-80): Middlemarch (1872)
29. le Fanu: In a Glass Darkly (1872)
30. Samuel Butler (1835-1902): Erewhon (1872)
31. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928): A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873)
32. Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-89): The Major Works (random placement)
33. Trollope: Phineas Redux (1874)
34. Collins: The Law and the Lady (1875)
35. Trollope: The Way We Live Now (1875)
36. Eliot: Daniel Deronda (1876)
37. Trollope: The Prime Minister (1876)
38. Hardy: The Return of the Native (1878)
39. Eliot: Impressions of Theophrastus Such (1879)
40. George Meredith (1828-1909): The Egoist (1879)
41. Trollope: The Duke's Children (1880)
42. Charles Algernon Swinburne (1837-1909): A Century of Roundels (1883)
43. Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-94): Kidnapped (1886)
44. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930): A Study in Scarlet (1887)
45. Stevenson: The Master of Ballantrae (1889)
46. George Gissing (1857-1903): New Grub Street (1891)
47. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900): The Decay of Lying and Other Essays (1891)
48. Gissing: The Odd Women (1893)
49. George du Maurier (1834-96): Trilby (1894)
50. Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)
What the?
There is a much higher justice than poetical justi...
The most confirmed obstinacy of character you ever...
Final and incomplete thoughts on Little Nell's tal...
You just don't come in here with a big banana and ...
All posts copyright Colleen Shea.
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French literature project - shelved. But here are the links.
Song of Roland (1098-1100)
Chretien de Troyes (fl. late 12th century), Arthurian Romances
Marie de France (late 12th century), Lais
The Death of King Arthur (1230-25)
Marguerite de Navarre (1492-1549), The Heptameron
Abbe Prevost (1697-1763), Manon Lescaut
Choderlos de Laclos (1741-1803), Dangerous Liaisons
Benjamin Constant (1767-1830), Adolphe
Honore de Balzac (1799-1850), Old Goriot
Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), A Sentimental Education
Emile Zola (1840-1902), La Bete Humaine
Gaston Leroux (1868-1927), The Phantom of the Opera
Andre Gide (1869-1951), The Immoralist
Irene Nemirovsky (1903-42), Suite Francaise
Marguerite Duras (1914-96), The War: A Memoir
Michel Houellebecq (1958-present), The Possibility of an Island
Muriel Barbery (1969-present), The Elegance of the Hedgehog


I like Hexo so far. It's easy to work with, I'm learning a lot along the way, and almost have it set up on all of my systems (GitLab makes it easy).
Next I need to find some best practice info on Hexo, related to folder structure. It's great that I can do whatever I want; it's tough that I can do whatever I want.
A lot of what I'm doing will fall under the "blog" but I have other content that I want to post. Lists of Android Apps, Windows Apps, Linux apps, Podcasts, and more - across several categories for each area. There's also writing that I've done and the Spark File (ok, files) I have.


text:
How to Write the Conclusion of a Cause & Effect Essay
How to Write a 4-Paragraph Essay
Explanation of an Expository Paragraph
The Parts of the Introduction to a Research Paper
How to End a Paragraph
Kristie Sweet Updated March 07, 2017
••• Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreak Media/Getty Images
Creating well-structured paragraphs helps readers understand the overall point and the connections among the concepts. After the topic sentence and support, paragraphs should end with a concluding sentence that summarizes the ideas in the paragraph, emphasizes the point of the paragraph and creates a sense of closure for the reader.
Summarize the Ideas
A recap in the concluding sentence reminds the reader of the paragraph's purpose. Avoid restating the topic sentence or body ideas verbatim. Instead, explain how the ideas connect. For instance, a paragraph explaining why a movie is good might end, "These three elements come together in Movie X to create a fun movie experience." This statement reiterates the idea without spelling out each point again. Similarly, a paragraph describing your favorite teacher with points about his "sense of humor" and "strong educational background" could end, "With his fun attitude and effective content knowledge, Mr. Jones makes school fun." This sentence echos the ideas in the topic sentence but uses synonyms to avoid using the exact language.
Connect to the Expository Type
Your concluding sentence should reflect the type of essay you are writing in order to emphasize the point more clearly. Expository essays such as comparison/contrast, process analysis and exemplification need to connect to that type in the concluding sentence. For instance, a contrast paragraph examining the differences between high school and college might end, "High school students aware of these differences will likely have a more successful college experience." This statement reminds the reader that the contrast is the point and gives a reason for readers to care about the topic. Likewise, a process paragraph explaining how to write an essay might end, "Following these steps results in a clear, logical paper and a good grade." Here, the language clearly references that the paper analyzes the process.
Focus on Relevance for Narration and Description
Description -- describing a scene or person with sensory language -- and narration -- telling a story -- need to emphasize the reason for the depiction or tale. You might need to draw an inference or warn readers about the topic. For example, a description about a relaxing place might have the concluding sentence, "Jennifer can handle her stressful daily life knowing the cabin waits for her when she needs to relax," which explains the reason for describing the place. For a narrative about a life-changing event, the concluding sentence might be, "Watching his grandfather's struggles opened Sadhi's eyes to the dangers of untreated diabetes." From this sentence, the reader understands the lesson learned from the story.
Use Effective Transitions
Connecting the concluding sentence to the other ideas in the paragraph with a transition will help indicate to the reader that the paragraph is ending. Transitional words like "in summary," "in conclusion" and "therefore" signal conclusions. You may also choose to use pronouns such as "they" and "these" or key words to make such connections. For example, a paragraph defining a good student might end, "These characteristics define the good student, one able to achieve success in education." "These" reminds the reader of the characteristics previously mentioned, and the "good student" repetition helps the reader remember the paragraph's point.
Anne Arundel Community College: Formulating a Concluding Sentence for a Paragraph
Rochester Institute of Technology: Concluding Sentence
Indiana University, Bloomington: Paragraphs and Topic Sentences
Kristie Sweet has been writing professionally since 1982, most recently publishing for various websites on topics like health and wellness, and education. She holds a Master of Arts in English from the University of Northern Colorado.
Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreak Media/Getty Images


text:
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About PFL
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Lisa Orye
PrintingForLess.com Wins National Customer Service Award
Livingston, Montana - June 22, 2006 - PrintingForLess.com was named "Best Customer Service Organization in the Business Services category for the 4th Annual American Business AwardsSM.
Nicknamed the "Stevies" for the Greek word for "crowned," the American Business Awards are the only national, all-encompassing business awards program honoring outstanding performances in the workplace. The awards were presented on June 12 in New York City. More than 1500 entries from companies of all sizes and in virtually every industry were submitted for consideration in more than 40 categories.
PrintingForLess.com's nomination for Best Customer Service Organization details its efforts to improve its "extreme" customer service in 2005. Last year, the company shortened its standard turnaround times, announced its industry-leading 100% satisfaction guarantee on both its products and service, and implemented an innovative new phone system that intelligently routes customer phone calls to better provide personalized service.
"One of the best compliments we receive from customers is when they tell us that we've spoiled them," said Kerie Hager, PrintingForLess.com's Director of Training, who accepted the award during the ceremonies. "This Stevie honors everyone in our organization for continually setting the bar with our service and quality, while showing how committed we are to our customers' success."
Members of the Awards' Board of Distinguished Judges & Advisors and their staffs selected Stevie winners from among the finalists. Finalists were chosen by business professionals nationwide during preliminary judging in earlier this year. The elegant Stevie trophy was designed by R. S. Owens, the same company that makes the Oscar® and the Emmy.
Details about The American Business Awards and the list of Finalists and Stevie Award winners are available at www.stevieawards.com/aba.
About PrintingForLess.com
PrintingForLess.com is the first and leading online commercial printing company with more than 50,000 small-to-mid sized business customers throughout the United States. Located in Southwest Montana, PrintingForLess.com provides unmatched technical and customer support with instant online pricing and ordering for its full-color marketing materials.
Media Contact: Marketing@PrintingForLess.com 406-823-7023
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Thank you for visiting. I am a full-time PhD student at the Department of Computer Science, The State University of New York at Stony Brook under the supervision of Dr. Michalis Polychronakis. Currently, I am working as a visiting research fellow at Dr. Phillipa Gill's Calipr Lab, University of Massachusetts - Amherst.
My research interest encompasses Security and Privacy, with an emphasis on anonymity networks and Internet censorship circumvention technologies. In particular, I am interested in conducting network measurements to gain insight into anonymity networks (e.g., Tor, I2P) and technologies (e.g., proxy, VPN) that are used for censorship circumvention.


text:
Why You Should Use Facebook Chat Bots?
November 26, 2021 James lyous
A Facebook Messenger Bot is a program that simulates an actual conversation with a real person by automatically answering users' questions, and providing instant responses in Facebook Messenger. The chat with Facebook conversational bots is quite fast, making them ideal for customer support. However, oftentimes, Facebook chat bots are referred to as Facebook Messenger bots, and there s actually a reason for it. They work almost exactly like a live customer support agent. Here are some examples.
Answers Facebook Chat Bots The best chatbot examples are those that allow you to type in a question and get a pre-written response. This makes the bot more personal, and human interaction is important when trying to resolve a problem. For example, typing "my phone", "phone back" and "I am at a meeting" into a Facebook Chatbot can yield different responses, depending on the bot. This means that the best chatbot examples need to be written by someone who is a skilled programmer or software engineer.
Support Sales and Service As well as conversations on Facebook, bots can be used to help support sales and service. A sales and service chatbot for Facebook Messenger can provide help by suggesting new products or services that may be of interest. The bot can also track the sales and service of a business, and alert its staff if orders are running low. Chat bots are great because most people will want to talk to a real person when they are working on something, not a computer program.
Customer Experience Management Another great use for Facebook chat bots is for customer experience management. Bots are able to record customer information such as their name, address, and phone number. They can then use this information to send out mass messages and invitations to customer groups. These Facebook Messenger Chat Bots can automatically answer basic questions or add more depth to a customer's inquiry.
In addition to customer service, these bots can also help with product testing. Facebook has several product testing tools including a Marketplace where third-party testers can publish their products and receive feedback. Facebook can then use the information from the Marketplace to personalize the Facebook Messenger Bot. The customer service function of a Facebook chatbot can be used in order to make the bot more helpful to a user.
Welcome Mat A bot for Facebook that provides useful prompts to get you started is called the welcome mat. A user can start the welcome mat by typing the words "WELCOME!" into chat. In order to get the most out of your Facebook experience, it is important to have a welcome message. A good example of a Facebook welcome message would be "I'm new to Facebook and looking for some helpful information. Would you be kind enough to help me?".
Facebook Chat Bots can be helpful for a number of different functions. ChatBots are not just limited to chat applications, however. Many of the Facebook chat bots include features such as photo and video sharing, games, applications, and even trackers. The best way to get started with conversational Facebook Bots is to open a basic account and use a demo account. This will allow you to try out various features and see how they work with your Facebook profile.
Whether you are looking to use Facebook Chat Bots for fun or profit, it is important to keep in mind that the Bot can be activated for free, but you will not receive any actual value for your money unless you purchase a license for the bot. If you decide to get yourself a bot, it is always a good idea to consider purchasing a license so that you have the ability to unlock and modify your Bot according to your needs. Facebook Chat Bots can be a great way to expand your Facebook usage, and can really come in handy if you want to create exciting new Facebook applications.
Business and Management Chatbot Messenger, Facebook Bot, Facebook Chatbot, Facebook Messenger Bot, Facebook Messenger Chatbot, Messenger Bot
How Does Facebook Messenger Bot Work?
Facebook Chatbot (a.k.a. Facebook Messenger Bots) are autonomous computer programs that are able to interact with humans on Facebook just by mirroring the conversation between two Facebook members. Unlike the earlier Facebook tools, Facebook Messenger Bot has a wide range of functionality which includes, but is not limited to messaging, profile sharing, commenting, updating information, and many other features. The bot is not limited to certain time periods or dates; it can work at any time.
Facebook Messenger Bot uses webhook as a way of implanting commands into Facebook's server. It also uses webhook to update Facebook's resources. In addition, webhook can be used to perform background functions including, but not limited to uploading pictures to albums, sending messages to Facebook friends, sending mass messages to all people in your network, commenting on articles and pages, and so on. Webhook is an abstraction layer over socket programming that enables a client computer to establish connections to remote servers. With these capabilities, one can achieve a lot of functionality that one may have only imagined possible with programs such as java.
There are four types of Facebook Messenger Bot they are Webhook enabled apps, desktop bot, webcam enabled apps, and webcam enabled chat bots. Facebook's webhook API provides the basis for the development of all webchat bots. This API makes it easy for developers to use Facebook Messenger Bot, extend its functionality, and incorporate new features using a limited amount of code. Developers may opt for desktop chat bots. The desktop bot is restricted to Facebook's core platform.
With a desktop bot, it is easy to do tasks such as browsing through photos, commenting on a status message, sending messages, etc., with just a few clicks of the mouse. Webhook Bots allow developers to take advantage of this fast-paced environment since web services are already set up. This means less time is spent on installations, configuration, and other tasks necessary to develop a Facebook Messenger Bot.
Webhook is being used to increase user connectivity and reduce the costs of running the Facebook Messenger Bot. The average conversation duration per user has increased from 1.3 billion to about 2.6 billion in just four months. To make webhook more efficient, Facebook uses "Bots", a kind of software program that can be downloaded for free.
Apart from a Facebook Chatbot, there is another interesting Facebook application that is not very well-known to most Facebook subscribers. It is called Facebook Answers. As the name implies, this application enables members of Facebook to ask questions and receive answers from other Facebook subscribers. Many experts believe that Facebook will launch another application in the near future, possibly an application for business people to use as customer service agents. In the meantime, Facebook Answers can serve as a testing ground for Facebook's newest innovations and programs.
If Facebook's fan page has been successful so far, maybe it is because of its six million advertisers. Six million advertisers spread over twenty countries have purchased ads on Facebook to promote their products. These six million advertisers provide Facebook with revenues each month, which it uses to pay for the Facebook Messenger Bot.
Webhook and chatbot are not the only applications currently available. There are many more emerging applications such as the Facebook Search Bot, Facebook Insights for Developers, Facebook Ads, Facebook Connect, Facebook Events, Facebook Marketplace, Facebook Pages, and many more. Facebook's goal is to become the biggest social network in the world by offering relevant content for its users.
Facebook Messenger Bot is not only limited to messaging. It can also be used to post status messages and links as well. This saves time since you don't have to type any text characters when posting a message on Facebook Messenger Bot. All you have to do is make sure that your post is relevant and interesting so that readers will want to share it with their friends.
Facebook Messenger Bot is different from other chat bots because it doesn't integrate with Hootsuite or other social media platforms. Facebook Messenger Bot only integrates with Facebook's official messenger platform. Although other chat bots can be integrated with Facebook's other platforms to increase user experience, Facebook Messenger Bot provides better tools for webmasters. Because it is built specifically for Facebook, it allows you to easily create, manage and share a variety of social accounts and pages from Facebook itself. With its integrated tools for customer service, business management, and RSS, Facebook Messenger Bot is definitely more efficient than other chat bots.
Apart from that, Facebook Messenger Bot is one of the easiest apps to use Facebook because of its user-friendly interface and quick start features. You don't have to worry about anything else once you start using this bot because it's easy enough to install and get started using it. Since it uses Facebook's official messenger app, you can be assured that it will be fast and provide you with top-notch customer support. In fact, Facebook has been known to take care of its users especially when they are experiencing problems or bugs. To make sure that Facebook takes good care of its users, the company released an easy-to-use application called Facebook Messenger Bot to simplify Facebook Messenger and make things easier for everyone.
Facebook Messenger Bot Features
To explore how to develop Facebook Messenger Bots, talk with freelance journalist, Dana Tran, author of BotBusters, "How to Design a Facebook Messenger Bot That Will Be Your Best Friend?". You'll learn which bot-making platforms that Dana recommends. Share your thoughts, read her show notes, and access the links mentioned at the bottom of this article. Enjoy!
Facebook has developed four different platforms for its customers and developers. These include the Facebook App Store, Facebook Marketplace, Facebook Search, and Facebook Engineering. There is also a way to automate Facebook chat Bots, and I will explain that in this article. By using the Facebook Bot framework, you can set up chat bots for Facebook Messenger, integrate them with your customer service system, and even integrate it with third-party applications that can send you notifications.
If you are a Facebook user, you should definitely try out the Facebook Messenger Bot application. You can use it to automate various tasks on your Facebook profile. To date, there are over forty apps that integrate with the Facebook Bot framework and are compatible with Facebook Messenger.
The Facebook Bot is not only for chatting; you can also use it as a scheduling tool for Facebook apps. This is very useful for scheduling events or task reminders. You can also link the bot to your social media platform so that you can share a status update or post on your wall. These are just some of the things that you can integrate the Facebook Bot with. If you want to learn more about how to do this, watch me growl.
Danabot is another bot-building platform that I am excited to see in the future. This is an instant chat bot that will allow you to communicate with other Facebook users while they are connected to the chat platform. For example, if someone has invited you to a meeting but you have yet to join, this bot will allow you to join by typing 'joins' into the chat box and then pressing send. It will then connect you and push you to join the meeting.
There are many ways you can use the Facebook Bot in conjunction with manychat. Manychat allows you to create your own real person profile and then invite people to your real person profile and this will allow the Bot to connect to manychat. Manychat will also allow you to create bot channels so that other Facebook users can join your bot channel. However, I believe that the Facebook Messenger Bot is the best integration because it allows you to be more specific about what you are trying to say and also allows you to direct the conversations to the right people.
Another great way that the Facebook Messenger Bot can help you is to send out a follow-up message to someone after you have sent them a message. Manychat will allow you to send a follow-up message when someone joins or leaves a group. However, manychat does not support a message such as "danabot you joined our group, we will keep in touch". However, the Facebook Bot can.
This bot is truly a time saver and can save you tons of time whenever you run an ad campaign. The best part is that it can even automate parts of your ad campaign as well! This makes it a must for anyone who wants to fully automate their Facebook campaigns.
What I like about the Facebook Messenger Bot is that it is free to use on Facebook. This means you don't have to spend any money on starting up your Facebook account, and that is a real bonus! The reason I like the Facebook Bot-building product so much is that I have used manychat for years, but now I am able to fully automate my advertising thanks to the Facebook bot. I really appreciate how Facebook has kept the interface the same while still allowing for so much versatility. This is one of the reasons I continue to use manychat, it doesn't take up so much of my time when I want to create my own campaign.
This product is a must for any serious or experienced-marketer looking to really maximize his social media marketing efforts. Plus, beginners, can get a lot of help with this free plan by using manychat. Many marketers will probably find that using the chat system is much easier than going through the Facebook setup process. You can also go for the paid version if you are just starting out or have limited funds. You don't even have to spend any money when you sign up for the free plan.
This Facebook bot gives you a great start because it automates the advertising you would do manually. However, I do recommend you go through the Facebook setup process if you are new to Facebook. This way you won't have to worry about doing all the work and being confused by all the different options. Plus, you can get help from other members of the Facebook community and other businesses, which makes it a great place to network and stay up to date with what's going on in your industry. Now go build your business with chat bots and customer service experts that will help you automate your efforts and reach more customers!
How to Create a Facebook Chatbot
June 23, 2020 James lyous
The popularity of Facebook Chatbot has made it possible for almost anyone to create their own Facebook Messenger Bot. It's easy, you can do it yourself, and if you are so inclined, you can hire a team of people to build your bot. However, the first step in creating your Facebook Messenger Bot is knowing how to write code.
If you have never written code before, you need to know that it takes a lot of discipline and attention to detail to be successful in building a chatbot. There are thousands of different files and scripts you must understand.
Most of the applications you get when you download a Facebook application are written in HTML and JavaScript. With the help of these, you can easily build your own HTML chatbot.
Since you will be coding a lot of HTML and JavaScript, you should know that all the files are case sensitive. The only way to be sure that you wrote the correct file is to make sure that all the JavaScript is followed correctly. A lot of people forget this rule when they are writing their code, and many of them are not able to fix the errors once they get the code compiled.
This is why you need to know the HTML syntax when you are creating your own Facebook chatbot. Knowing the HTML syntax will allow you to have a much more successful chatbot than most people who are trying to create chatbots.
Once you have written your own Facebook chatbot, it's time to learn how to use it. The only way to do this is to be able to use it properly. You can learn how to use it by practicing.
Whenever you start your chatbot, you should send it a message. If you follow this advice, you will be able to find out what the next line of code you need to build is. If you don't find it, you will be able to go back and do some programming or test the chatbot without any problems.
Make sure that you have everything ready before you go to the website to create your Facebook chatbot. As I mentioned earlier, you will need the script files for the application, which is in the HTML format.
When you are ready to begin, you should start off with a chat with the developer from Facebook. The Facebook developer will want to know how the chatbot works, and it is the same thing you need to tell them. They will be happy to help you.
By the time you are done, you should be able to add some new commands to the Facebook chatbot. You should also be able to send messages to the chatbot in a consistent way. You may find that this takes a bit of time, but it will be worth it in the end.
When you are done, you will be ready to talk to the Facebook developer using the chatbot. You can learn how to do this by asking other Facebook users. Ask other users how they use the chatbot, and you will be ready to send messages to the Facebook chatbot as soon as they see it.
Learning how to make a Facebook chatbot is the first step towards your success. If you follow the above steps, you will find that your chatbot is very easy to build and that it runs just as smoothly as you would expect.


With 5 homescreen styles included and a elegant user interface built for very simple and effective navigation. We've incorporated the first template with dual sidebars and highlighted-menu feature. A menu on the left, socials on the right, and the top star to highlight your important features or products.


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Arrowood Cabernet Sauvignon Knights Valley, Sonoma, CA 2018
Located in the northeastern part of Sonoma County, Knight's Valley is nestled between the Alexander Valley and Chalk Hill AVAs and is separated from the Napa Valley by the Mayacamas Mountain Range. It is one of the warmest regions in Sonoma, thanks to its landlocked location; however, its relatively high elevation provides the wide diurnal temperature variations necessary for fruit that balances ripeness with acidity. These weather conditions, coupled with the appellation's volcanic, well-drained soils and abundant sunshine, bring forth ultra-rich, ripe, and layered cabernets.
Today's wine is a blend of 98% cabernet sauvignon and 2% merlot fermented in stainless steel and aged for 24 months in a combination of new and seasoned French oak barrels. Its aromas of violet-tinged black fruits lead to a palate resplendent with flavors of blackberries and cassis laced with notes of anise, sage, nutmeg, and cocoa that unfold layer by glorious layer.
91+ points, Jeb Dunnuck:
"The 2018 Cabernet Sauvignon Knights Valley is terrific and just classic Sonoma cabernet. Lots of cassis, blackcurrants, lead pencil shavings, and rocky, savory earth-like nuances all emerge from this spicy, medium-bodied, beautifully balanced cabernet. It shows the fresh, focused style of the vintage, has wonderful purity, and enough tannins to warrant 2-3 years of bottle age." (7/22/21)
91 points, Wine Enthusiast Magazine:
"This wine has strong layers of structure and tannin, bold swathes within an otherwise elegant, restrained style of graceful complexity. Plum, graham cracker, currant, and leather combine in dense bolts of concentrated intensity and length." (4/1/22)
Producer Name: Arrowood
Region: North Coast
Sub-Region: Sonoma
Appellation: Knight's Valley
Quality Designation: AVA
Grape Varietals: 98% Cabernet Sauvignon, 2% Merlot
Pack/Size: 12/750ml
Container Type: Bordeaux-style bottle


DIRECT FROM LOURDES - Lourdes 925 Sterling Silver Rosary Bracelet.
Lourdes 925 Sterling Silver Rosary Bracelet.
This is a 925 sterling silver bracelet with a circular pendant and 11 silver rosary beads.
The pendant depicts Saint Bernadette kneeling to Our Lady of Lourdes (Virgin Mary).
The bracelet measures 19cm in length and the beads measure 5mm.


We are picking the totals from the USCHO box scores, combined for the 3 games. So, if USCHO lists 3,750 for Game 1, then 3,750 for Game 2, then 5,250 for Game 3, the total would be 12,750 (if my math is correct).
Ok, thanks. I revised my pick from 5000 to 6000 to give you a heads up.
Wisconsin vs. North Dakota - North Dakota Go Sioux!
Midwest Regional Champion: (15 points) - North Dakota Go Sioux!
To give an advantage to others, judging from my results last week, I would encourage people to pick the exact opposite of what I just picked.
# could gophs and irish both be disqualified for arrogance--Please!
& If the Union coach is fighting is that a 5 min. major?
Realistically, anyone in the top 15 or so has a shot to win the points race. There are 200 points up for grabs this week. For the Frozen Four, there will be another 200 points. That means that anyone at 20th position or below is eliminated from this particular championship. Of course, I will continue to keep track of everyone that participates, and I'll post complete and final standings after the season is finished. SweeneyHawksHockey has been on a tremendous charge. Following the Friday games of Week 15, SHH was sitting in 12th position. SHH now sits in 2nd, just 8 points behind 1988, who has been in the top 3 since Week 5 (sitting atop the leaderboard for 11 weeks). Laker Dude has faded slightly, and now sits outside the top 3 for the first time since week 6 (and sat atop the leaderboard for 6 weeks). Of course, our current leader in pick % (see below), FiveHole12 has fallen in the points race. FH12 was in the top 3 from Week 10 to 17 (and lead the points race for 2 weeks), but slipped from 5th to 10th last week. It should be a great race to the finish to see who winds up winning the top prize in pick'em...the Points Title!
This race is probably over. There are only 10 games left for this season. FH12 holds a 4 game edge over 1988. Given that they only picked 2 different games this week, the best 1988 can hope for is to tie FH12. Nobody else has a chance (assuming people do not change their picks before the deadline tomorrow) to unseat FH12.


At the end of April, OCBC wrote to the Minister of Transportation of Ontario to protest his ministry's proposed minimum municipal roadway maintenance standards. The standards are to be implemented to reduce liability when sued by road users for negligence.
If the proposals are implemented, cracks up to 3 metres long, 5 cm wide and 5cm deep will be permitted to remain on road surfaces. Potholes of 8cm and more deep on shoulders where cyclists often ride, will not be required to be fixed for days and sometimes weeks. Standards for debris on the road refer only to possible injury to a motor vehicle driver, not other users.
We have been told by one of our member organizations that Ministry staff, in drawing up the standards, only considered the needs of motor vehicle drivers. This is blatant descrimination against cyclists whose rights to travel safely on public highways, well-established for a century, will be violated if these standards are implemented by local municipalities.


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Stanisław Potocki herbu Pilawa (ur. 1607 , zm. luty–marzec 1647) – pułkownik wojsk koronnych, komisarz do spraw kozackich. Syn Jakuba wojewody bracławskiego, brat: Mikołaja, zwanego Niedźwiedzią Łapą, hetmana wielkiego koronnego i Dominika Jakuba dominikanina.

Został pochowany w Potoku Złotym.

Zobacz też
 Potoccy herbu Pilawa

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Wiesław Majewski: Potocki Stanisław h. Pilawa (1607–1647). W: Polski Słownik Biograficzny. T. XXVIII/1, zeszyt 116. Wrocław — Warszawa — Kraków — Gdańsk — Łódź, 1984, 178 s., s. 151–153.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Genealogia polskich rodzin arystokratycznych.

Członkowie stanu rycerskiego I Rzeczypospolitej
Ludzie urodzeni w Kamieńcu Podolskim
Ludzie związani z Kamieńcem Podolskim (I Rzeczpospolita)
Stanisław (1607-1647)
Pułkownicy armii koronnej
Urodzeni w 1607
Zmarli w 1647

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


My family and I went to see Disney's new animated film Frozen last night. It was really good! My 2, 3, and 5 year old liked it and sat still for most of the movie. My wife and I and my parents who were with us had a great time watching it too. My dad and I laughed at a lot of the same parts. There were a lot of hilarious moments in the movie.
I've always been a huge Pixar fan and it was easy to say they were producing the best 3D animated movies out there. Ever since I saw Disney's Tangled I can't say Pixar gets to stand alone on the top podium. As far as Disney films, I never saw Home on the Range (2004), I thought Chicken Little (2005) was a cute fun movie but it didn't blow me away like the Pixar films of the time say The Incredibles of 2004 and Finding Nemo the year before that. Next came Meet the Robinsons in 07' another film I never saw because the preview made it look kind of lame. Then came Bolt which I've heard good things about but have never seen. I made sure to see all the Pixar films.
Being a 3D animation major in college you would think I would have seen all the 3D films but most of these Disney flicks just didn't appeal to me. Next was The Princess and the Frog, but that was 2D and I didn't want to see a movie all about Voodoo magic no thank you. Then I saw the preview for Tangled. Right away I was extremely hopeful. I loved the preview. It made me want to drive to the theater then and there and pay to see the film. The sensibilities it conveys. The humor, the timing. I just hoped the movie would be as good as the preview, and it was. I loved Tangled. It made me stop and say, okay Disney is making amazing 3D films now. I guess I'll have to stop and pay attention the next time they put out another movie.
Frozen did not disappoint. It was visually stunning and had a great story that moved the whole time. My kids never became bored and neither did I. I was going to try really hard to break down the plot structure as I try to do whenever I watch something to learn from it, but I found myself to taken aback by the movie to do more than just sit back and enjoy it. I didn't spend the whole time in the theater telling my kids to be quiet or sit back down in their chairs either so it captured them as well.
As I said before it was hilarious. It was funny on many levels. In more subtle ways with well written dialog for the adults, and also in your face ways like with the little snowman Olaf for viewers of all ages. That little guy cracked my kids up. He was a great character.
After reading some reviews it seems I may be alone in this but I still like Tangled more than this film. I think the main reason is that I like the characters of Tangled more. That said as you've read I really enjoyed Frozen and if you read the reviews everyone is saying it's possibly the best Disney film yet or as good as The Lion King.
It is worth going to see in the theaters. The visuals in this film were breathtaking. It was really funny, and it takes the characters to places that make you sit on the edge of your seat. A hearty recommendation from me.
Have you seen it yet? What did you think? Best Disney film yet? Just okay? Best film you've ever seen? Sound off in the comments and thanks for stopping by!
Great review Dan. While the kids may have more fun with this than the parents, that still doesn't mean it doesn't appeal to both demographics. It just works a bit better for kids, but there's absolutely nothing ever wrong with that.
Thanks Dan. Yes you make a great point there. While the target audience is definitely for kids and they may have laughed the most, my dad and I cracked up quite a few times too. :) Thanks for your comment! Happy Holidays.


Home / Latest News / News / Senior Army officer Colonel kidnapped in Kaduna.
The Nigeria Army on Sunday confirmed the abduction of its serving senior officer, Col. Samaila Inusa, in Kaduna.
This is contained in a statement made available to the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) on Sunday in Kaduna.
The statement, signed by Col Usman Abdul, Deputy Director, Army Public Relations, 1 Division, said that Inusa was a serving officer at the Nigerian Army School of Infantry in Jaji, Kaduna.
It said his abductors kidnapped him at Kamazo Chikkun Local Government Area near NNPC junction, Kaduna.
"They are in a Mercedes Benz GLK Black colour with registration number Abuja, KUJ 154 TZ.
"This happened at about 7:30pm on Saturday 26 March 2016,'' it said.


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Win your name on the Hampton & Richmond Football Club stadium
Community news on behalf of Hampton & Richmond Football Club | 11 August 2022
Hampton & Richmond Football Club has announced the launch of this year's draw to give the public the chance to name the Beveree Stadium.
Last year, Jimmy Saul won the draw and named it after his daughter Cleo and thus the Bev was officially known as the Cleo Saul Beveree.
With the new season comes a new opportunity to name the only football ground in Richmond upon Thames. Entry to the draw is just £10 per ticket with multiple entries permitted. The winners chosen name will be on all the signage, and all communications online and offline throughout the season.
Second prize is access to The 1921 Lounge for a Vanarama National League South Game for 10 people while third prize is ten pairs of tickets for a Vanarama National League South Game.
The draw will take place at half-time on Saturday 13 August 2022 when the club host Hemel Hempstead Town.
Enter the draw
Updated: 11 August 2022


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Campionati europei femminili di pallacanestro
Campionati europei maschili di pallacanestro


"Accident and Emergency", "Emergency room", and "Emergency ward" redirect here. For other uses, see Accident and Emergency (disambiguation), Emergency room (disambiguation), and Emergency ward (disambiguation).
Today, a typical hospital has its emergency department in its own section of the ground floor of the grounds, with its own dedicated entrance. As patients can present at any time and with any complaint, a key part of the operation of an emergency department is the prioritization of cases based on clinical need. This process is called triage.
Triage is normally the first stage the patient passes through, and consists of a brief assessment, including a set of vital signs, and the assignment of a "chief complaint" (e.g. chest pain, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, etc.). Most emergency departments have a dedicated area for this process to take place, and may have staff dedicated to performing nothing but a triage role. In most departments, this role is fulfilled by a triage nurse, although dependent on training levels in the country and area, other health care professionals may perform the triage sorting, including paramedics or physicians. Triage is typically conducted face-to-face when the patient presents, or a form of triage may be conducted via radio with an ambulance crew; in this method, the paramedics will call the hospital's triage center with a short update about an incoming patient, who will then be triaged to the appropriate level of care.
The resuscitation area, commonly referred to as "Trauma" or "Resus", is a key area in most departments. The most seriously ill or injured patients will be dealt with in this area, as it contains the equipment and staff required for dealing with immediately life-threatening illnesses and injuries. Typical resuscitation staffing involves at least one attending physician, and at least one and usually two nurses with trauma and Advanced Cardiac Life Support training. These personnel may be assigned to the resuscitation area for the entirety of the shift, or may be "on call" for resuscitation coverage (i.e. if a critical case presents via walk-in triage or ambulance, the team will be paged to the resuscitation area to deal with the case immediately). Resuscitation cases may also be attended by residents, radiographers, ambulance personnel, respiratory therapists, hospital pharmacists and/or students of any of these professions depending upon the skill mix needed for any given case and whether or not the hospital provides teaching services.
Patients whose condition is not immediately life-threatening will be sent to an area suitable to deal with them, and these areas might typically be termed as a prompt care or minors area. Such patients may still have been found to have significant problems, including fractures, dislocations, and lacerations requiring suturing.
Fast decisions on life-and-death cases are critical in hospital emergency departments. As a result, doctors face great pressures to overtest and overtreat. The fear of missing something often leads to extra blood tests and imaging scans for what may be harmless chest pains, run-of-the-mill head bumps, and non-threatening stomach aches, with a high cost on the health care system.
Emergency department became commonly used when emergency medicine was recognised as a medical specialty, and hospitals and medical centres developed departments of emergency medicine to provide services. Other common variations include 'emergency ward,' 'emergency centre' or 'emergency unit'.
'Accident and Emergency' or 'A&E' is still the accepted term in the United Kingdom, some Commonwealth countries, and the Republic of Ireland, as are earlier terms such as 'Casualty' or 'casualty ward', which continue to be used informally. The same applies to 'emergency room' or 'ER' in North America, originating when emergency facilities were provided in a single room of the hospital by the department of surgery.
In some countries, including the United States and Canada, a smaller facility that may provide assistance in medical emergencies is known as a clinic. Larger communities often have walk-in clinics where people with medical problems that would not be considered serious enough to warrant an emergency department visit can be seen. These clinics often do not operate on a 24-hour basis. Very large clinics may operate as "free-standing emergency centres," which are open 24 hours and can manage a very large number of conditions. However, if a patient presents to a free-standing clinic with a condition requiring hospital admission, he or she must be transferred to an actual hospital, as these facilities do not have the capability to provide inpatient care.
Mayo Clinic Hospital in Rochester.
Trilingual signage in French, Dutch and English at an emergency department in Brussels, Belgium.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) classified emergency departments into two types: Type A, the majority, which are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year; and those who are not, Type B. Many US emergency departments are exceedingly busy. A study found that in 2009, there were an estimated 128,885,040 ED encounters in US hospitals. Approximately one-fifth of ED visits in 2010 were for patients under the age of 18 years. In 2009–2010, a total of 19.6 million emergency department visits in the United States were made by persons aged 65 and over. Most encounters (82.8 percent) resulted in treatment and release; 17.2 percent were admitted to inpatient care.
The 1986 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act is an act of the United States Congress, that requires emergency departments, if the associated hospital receives payments from Medicare, to provide appropriate medical examination and emergency treatment to all individuals seeking treatment for a medical condition, regardless of citizenship, legal status, or ability to pay. Like an unfunded mandate, there are no reimbursement provisions.
Rates of ED visits rose between 2006 and 2011 for almost every patient characteristic and location. The total rate of ED visits increased 4.5% in that time. However, the rate of visits for patients under one year of age declined 8.3%.
One inspection of Los Angeles area hospitals by Congressional staff found the EDs operating at an average of 116% of capacity (meaning there were more patients than available treatment spaces) with insufficient beds to accommodate victims of a terrorist attack the size of the 2004 Madrid train bombings. Three of the five Level I trauma centres were on "diversion", meaning ambulances with all but the most severely injured patients were being directed elsewhere because the ED could not safely accommodate any more patients. This controversial practice was banned in Massachusetts (except for major incidents, such as a fire in the ED), effective 1 January 2009; in response, hospitals have devoted more staff to the ED at peak times and moved some elective procedures to non-peak times.
In 2009, there were 1,800 EDs in the country. In 2011, about 421 out of every 1,000 people in the United States visited the emergency department; five times as many were discharged as were admitted. Rural areas are the highest rate of ED visits (502 per 1,000 population) and large metro counties had the lowest (319 visits per 1,000 population). By region, the Midwest had the highest rate of ED visits (460 per 1,000 population) and Western States had the lowest (321 visits per 1,000 population).
In addition to the normal hospital based emergency departments a trend has developed in some states (including Texas and Colorado) of emergency departments not attached to hospitals. These new emergency departments are referred to as free standing emergency departments. The rationale for these operations is the ability to operate outside of hospital policies that may lead to increased wait times and reduced patient satisfaction.
A&E sign common in the UK.
Historically, waits for assessment in A&E were very long in some areas of the UK. In October 2002, the Department of Health introduced a four-hour target in emergency departments that required departments in England to assess and treat patients within four hours of arrival, with referral and assessment by other departments if deemed necessary. It was expected that the patients would have physically left the department within the four hours. Present policy is that 95% of all patient cases do not "breach" this four-hour wait. The busiest departments in the UK outside London include University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff, The North Wales Regional Hospital in Wrexham, the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Queen Alexandra Hospital in Portsmouth.
In July 2014, the QualityWatch research programme published in-depth analysis which tracked 41 million A&E attendances from 2010 to 2013. This showed that the number of patients in a department at any one time was closely linked to waiting times, and that crowding in A&E had increased as a result of a growing and ageing population, compounded by the freezing or reduction of A&E capacity. Between 2010/11 and 2012/13 crowding increased by 8%, despite a rise of just 3% in A&E visits, and this trend looks set to continue. Other influential factors identified by the report included temperature (with both hotter and colder weather pushing up A&E visits), staffing and inpatient bed numbers.
A&E services in the UK are often the focus of a great deal of media and political interest, and data on A&E performance is published weekly. However, this is only one part of a complex urgent and emergency care system. Reducing A&E waiting times therefore requires a comprehensive, coordinated strategy across a range of related services.
Many A&E departments are crowded and confusing. Many of those attending are understandably anxious, and some are mentally ill, and especially at night are under the influence of alcohol or other substances. Pearson Lloyd's redesign – 'A Better A&E' – is claimed to have reduced aggression against hospital staff in the departments by 50 per cent. A system of environmental signage provides location-specific information for patients. Screens provide live information about how many cases are being handled and the current status of the A&E department. Waiting times for patients to be seen at A&E have been rising.
Cardiac arrest may occur in the ED/A&E or a patient may be transported by ambulance to the emergency department already in this state. Treatment is basic life support and advanced life support as taught in advanced life support and advanced cardiac life support courses.
Patients arriving to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) are likely to be triaged to the resuscitation area. They will receive oxygen and monitoring and have an early ECG; aspirin will be given if not contraindicated or not already administered by the ambulance team; morphine or diamorphine will be given for pain; sub lingual (under the tongue) or buccal (between cheek and upper gum) glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) (GTN or NTG) will be given, unless contraindicated by the presence of other drugs.
An ECG that reveals ST segment elevation suggests complete blockage of one of the main coronary arteries. These patients require immediate reperfusion (re-opening) of the occluded vessel. This can be achieved in two ways: thrombolysis (clot-busting medication) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Both of these are effective in reducing significantly the mortality of myocardial infarction. Many centers are now moving to the use of PTCA as it is somewhat more effective than thrombolysis if it can be administered early. This may involve transfer to a nearby facility with facilities for angioplasty.
Major trauma, the term for patients with multiple injuries, often from a motor vehicle crash or a major fall, is initially handled in the Emergency Department. However, trauma is a separate (surgical) specialty from emergency medicine (which is itself a medical specialty, and has certifications in the United States from the American Board of Emergency Medicine).
The services that are provided in an emergency department can range from x-rays and the setting of broken bones to those of a full-scale trauma centre. A patient's chance of survival is greatly improved if the patient receives definitive treatment (i.e. surgery or reperfusion) within one hour of an accident (such as a car accident) or onset of acute illness (such as a heart attack). This critical time frame is commonly known as the "golden hour".
Some patients arrive at an emergency department for a complaint of mental illness. In many jurisdictions (including many US states), patients who appear to be mentally ill and to present a danger to themselves or others may be brought against their will to an emergency department by law enforcement officers for psychiatric examination. The emergency department conducts medical clearance rather than treats acute behavioral disorders. From the emergency department, patients with significant mental illness may be transferred to a psychiatric unit (in many cases involuntarily).
Cardiac arrest and major trauma are relatively common in EDs, so defibrillators, automatic ventilation and CPR machines, and bleeding control dressings are used heavily. Survival in such cases is greatly enhanced by shortening the wait for key interventions, and in recent years some of this specialized equipment has spread to pre-hospital settings. The best-known example is defibrillators, which spread first to ambulances, then in an automatic version to police cars and fire apparatus, and most recently to public spaces such as airports, office buildings, hotels, and even shopping malls.
Because time is such an essential factor in emergency treatment, EDs typically have their own diagnostic equipment to avoid waiting for equipment installed elsewhere in the hospital. Nearly all have radiographic examination rooms staffed by dedicated Radiographer, and many now have full radiology facilities including CT scanners and ultrasonography equipment. Laboratory services may be handled on a priority basis by the hospital lab, or the ED may have its own "STAT Lab" for basic labs (blood counts, blood typing, toxicology screens, etc.) that must be returned very rapidly.
Metrics applicable to the ED can be grouped into three main categories, volume, cycle time, and patient satisfaction. Volume metrics including arrivals per hour, percentage of ED beds occupied and age of patients are understood at a basic level at all hospitals as an indication for staffing requirements. Cycle time metrics are the mainstays of the evaluation and tracking of process efficiency and are less widespread since an active effort is needed to collect and analyze this data. Patient satisfaction metrics, already commonly collected by nursing groups, physician groups and hospitals, are useful in demonstrating the impact of changes in patient perception of care over time. Since patient satisfaction metrics are derivative and subjective, they are less useful in primary process improvement. Health information exchanges can reduce nonurgent ED visits by supplying current data about admissions, discharges, and transfers to health plans and accountable care organizations, allowing them to shift ED use to primary care settings.
In all Primary Care Trusts there are out of hours medical consultations provided by general practitioners or nurse practitioners.
In the United States, high costs are incurred by non-emergency use of the emergency room. The National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey looked ath the ten most common symptoms for which giving rise to emergency room visits (cough, sore throat, back pain, fever, headache, abdominal pain, chest pain, other pain, shortness of breath, vomiting) and made suggestions as to which would be the most cost-effective choice among virtual care, retail clinic, urgent care or emergency room. Notably, certain complaints may also be addressed by a telephone call to a person's primary care provider.
In the United States, and many other countries, hospitals are beginning to create areas in their emergency rooms for people with minor injuries. These are commonly referred as Fast Track or Minor Care units. These units are for people with non-life-threatening injuries. The use of these units within a department have been shown to significantly improve the flow of patients through a department and to reduce waiting times. Urgent care clinics are another alternative, where patients can go to receive immediate care for non-life-threatening conditions. To reduce the strain on limited ED resources, American Medical Response created a checklist that allows EMTs to identify intoxicated individuals who can be safely sent to detoxification facilities instead.
Emergency department overcrowding is when function of a department is hindered by an inability to treat all patients in an adequate manner. This is a common occurrence in emergency departments worldwide. Overcrowding causes inadequate patient care which leads to poorer patient outcomes. To address this problem, escalation policies are used by emergency departments when responding to an increase in demand (e.g., a sudden inflow of patients) or a reduction in capacity (e.g., a lack of beds to admit patients). The policies aim to maintain the ability to deliver patient care, without compromising safety, by modifying 'normal' processes.
Emergency department (ED) waiting times have a serious impact on patient mortality, morbidity with readmission in less than 30 days, length of stay, and patient satisfaction. A review of the literature bears out the logical premise that since the outcome of treatment for all diseases and injuries is time-sensitive, the sooner treatment is rendered, the better the outcome. Various studies reported significant associations between waiting times and higher mortality and morbidity among those who survived. It is clear from the literature that untimely hospital deaths and morbidity can be reduced by reductions in ED waiting times.
While a significant proportion of people attending emergency departments are discharged home after treatment, many require admission for ongoing observation or treatment, or to ensure adequate social care before discharge is possible. If people requiring admission are not able to be moved to inpatient beds swiftly, "exit block" or "access block" occurs. This often leads to crowding and impairs flow to the point that it can lead to delays in appropriate treatment for newly presenting cases ("arrival access block"). This phenomenon is more common in densely populated areas, and affects pediatric departments less than adults ones.
Exit block can lead to delays in care both in the people awaiting inpatient beds ("boarding") and those who newly present to an exit blocked department. Various solutions have been proposed, such as changes in staffing or increasing inpatient capacity.
Frequent presenters are persons who will present themselves at a hospital multiple times, usually those with complex medical requirements or with psychological issues complicating medical management. These persons contribute to overcrowding and typically require more hospital resources although they do not account for a significant number of visits. To help prevent inappropriate emergency department use and return visits, some hospitals offer care coordination and support services such as at-home and in-shelter transitional primary care for frequent presenters and short-term housing for homeless patients recovering after discharge.
Emergency departments in the military benefit from the added support of enlisted personnel who are capable of performing a wide variety of tasks they have been trained for through specialized military schooling. For example, in United States Military Hospitals, Air Force Aerospace Medical Technicians and Navy Hospital Corpsmen perform tasks that fall under the scope of practice of both doctors (i.e. sutures, staples and incision and drainages) and nurses (i.e. medication administration, foley catheter insertion, and obtaining intravenous access) and also perform splinting of injured extremities, nasogastric tube insertion, intubation, wound cauterizing, eye irrigation, and much more. Often, some civilian education and/or certification will be required such as an EMT certification, in case of the need to provide care outside the base where the member is stationed. The presence of highly trained enlisted personnel in an Emergency Departments drastically reduces the workload on nurses and doctors.
According to a survey at an urban inner-city tertiary care centre in Vancouver, 57% of health care workers were physically assaulted in 1996. 73% were afraid of patients as a result of violence, almost half, 49%, hid their identities from patients, 74% had reduced job satisfaction. Over one-quarter of the respondents took days off because of violence. Of respondents no longer working in the emergency department, 67% reported that they had left the job at least partly owing to violence. Twenty-four-hour security and a workshop on violence prevention strategies were felt to be the most useful potential interventions. Physical exercise, sleep and the company of family and friends were the most frequent coping strategies cited by those surveyed.
Medication errors are issues that lead to incorrect medication distribution or potential for patient harm. As of 2014, around 3% of all hospital-related adverse effects were due to medication errors in the emergency department (ED); between 4% and 14% of medications given to patients in the ED were incorrect and children were particularly at risk.
Errors can arise if the doctor prescribes the wrong medication, if the prescription intended by the doctor is not the one actually communicated to the pharmacy due to an illegibly-written prescription or misheard verbal order, if the pharmacy dispenses the wrong medication, or if the medication is then given to the wrong person.
The ED is a riskier environment than other areas of the hospital due to medical practitioners not knowing the patient as well as they know longer term hospital patients, due to time pressure caused by overcrowding, and due to the emergency-driven nature of the medicine that is practiced there.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emergency departments.
Wait Time for Treatment in Hospital Emergency Departments, 2009. Hyattsville, Md.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2012.