text:
Service Registry Document Loader
A method, system and computer program product comprising: locating an import target statement in a service document; locating a generic object associated with the service document; locating import target references; loading, when a unique import target reference is located, the located target object into an address in the repository; and resolving the source document target reference to point at this address.
Baldwin, Timothy John (Southampton, GB)
Colgrave, John (Hants, GB)
Kufluk, Bernard Zdzislaw (Southampton, GB)
Magowan, James Robert (Surrey, GB)
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) (Armonk, NY, US)
707/999.103, 707/E17.055
G06F17/30
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LU, CHARLES EDWARD
RSW IPLAW/SEB (IBM CORPORATION T81/503 P.O. BOX 12195, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2195, US)
1. A method for loading and resolving a service document comprising: locating an import target statement in the service document; locating a generic object associated with the service document; locating import target references; loading, when a unique import target reference is located, the located target object into an address in the repository; and resolving the source document target reference to point at the address.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein, if more than one target reference object is located then creating a graph of the multiple target reference objects.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein, if a unique import target is found, then generating a graph of the object that will be loaded and resolved.
4. A method according to claim 3 further comprising, waiting for user confirmation before proceeding to load and resolve the unique import target.
5. A method according to claim 1 further comprising checking the service document for subsequent import target statements and iterating the process for each subsequent import target statement.
6. A system for loading and resolving a service document comprising: means for locating an import target statement in the service document; means for locating a generic object associated with the service document; means for locating import target references; means for loading, when a unique import target reference is located, the located target object into an address in the repository; and means for resolving the source document target reference to point at the address.
7. A system according to claim 6, further comprising means for creating a graph of the multiple target reference objects if more than one target reference object is located then.
8. A system according to claim 1, further comprising means for wherein generating a graph of the object that will be loaded and resolved, if a unique import target is found.
9. A system according to claim 8 further comprising means for waiting for user confirmation before proceeding to load and resolve the unique import target.
10. A system according to claim 6 further comprising means for checking the service document for subsequent import target statements and iterating the process for each subsequent import target statement.
11. A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having computer readable code stored thereon for loading and resolving a service document, said computer readable code being configured when loaded onto a computer system and executed to: locate an import target statement in the service document; locate a generic object associated with the service document; locate import target references; load, when a unique import target reference is located, the located target object into an address in the repository; and resolve the source document target reference to point at this address.
12. A computer program product according to claim 11 wherein, if more than one target reference object is located, then creating a graph of the multiple target reference objects.
13. A computer program product according to claim 11 wherein, if a unique import target is found, then generating a graph of the object that will be loaded and resolved.
14. A computer program product according to claim 13 further comprising, waiting for user confirmation before proceeding to load and resolve the unique import target.
15. A computer program product according to claim 11 further comprising checking the service document for subsequent import target statements and iterating the process for each subsequent import target statement.
The invention relates to a service registry and repository system and method, and more particularly to a service registry and repository system and method for document loading and resolving.
Service oriented architecture (SOA) is a business-driven IT architectural approach that supports integrating a business as linked, repeatable business tasks, or services. The basic building block is a service document that defines a service so that it can be managed with other services. A service document contains information about a service including the location of the service and details about the service and how to access the service. Service documents are used by analysts, architects, and developers during a Development Phase of the SOA life cycle to locate services to reuse and to evaluate the impact of changes to service configurations. Service documents are variously described as metadata, objects, descriptions, entities and artifacts.
A service repository stores the service document and allows access to the service document and thereby the corresponding service. A service registry is an index of a subset of information about a service (for example the location and name of service document) enabling the corresponding service document to be located and accessed in a repository (or even the corresponding service located at the service provider). An integrated service registry and repository allows a service operation to use both the indexed service information in the registry and the detailed service information in the repository. An example of an integrated service registry and repository is IBM WebSphere® Registry and Repository (WSRR).
An integrated service registry and repository has advantages of greater business agility and resilience than separate systems through reuse of service documents and information. Further advantages of looser coupling, greater flexibility, better interoperability, and better governance arise from the integration. These advantages are addressed by separating service descriptions from their implementations, and using the service descriptions across the life cycle of the service. Standards-based service metadata artifacts, such as Web Service Definition Language (WSDL), extensible mark-up language (XML) schema, policy or Service Component Architecture (SCA) documents, capture the technical details of what a service can do, how it can be invoked, or what it expects other services to do. Semantic annotations and other metadata can be associated with these artifacts to offer insight to potential users of the service on how and when it can be used, and what purposes it serves.
Service documents have many formats (for instance, WSDL documents, XML policy documents, XML Schema Definition documents (XSD)) and may reference other such documents typically by an embedded import statement (literally expressed as "import" or "include"). The information provided by the import statement is defined by the XML schemas and does not provide enough information to uniquely resolve the target document from the potential matches that may be found. Suitable matches may be found from documents already stored in the central repository, from documents located elsewhere on the world-wide-web, or from documents held locally by the user. In addition, in each of these places, there may be multiple versions of the target document, and the embedded import statement provided by WSDL or XSD may not provide information to allow selection amongst such multiple versions of the same target.
One typical solution to this problem is for the repository to provide some predefined ordering from which to make its selection of target documents. This ordering may be fixed or may be customisable; however this does not provide a completely general solution to the problem and does not work very well in the situation where multiple versions of a service document exist in the same space (equivocation). Nor does it handle the case where a different target is required for two or more import statements that appear to refer to the same document (univocation). A general services repository whose pattern of use cannot be predicted needs a better and more flexible solution.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of loading a service document into a service registry and repository as described in claim 1.
This embodiment uses a generic object that is stored in the repository as a container for other objects and documents that are to be stored and resolved. Such containers may themselves contain further containers in order to provide different or narrower scope for document resolution. A set of scoping rules are applied based on the container hierarchy in order to automatically resolve all document import references to the correct references.
In addition this embodiment provides a mechanism to allow easy construction of the containers and their contents, either programmatically or via a suitable user interface component. Since resolution of one import statement may lead to a further set of unresolved documents which cannot be determined ahead of time, the solution provides an iterative mechanism which continues to build the collection hierarchy that is to be used until all target references are resolved. It provides a graph structure representing the documents that are currently resolved and highlighting the nodes at which extra work is needed.
Use of the nested collection objects and associated scoping rules provides a general purpose solution to resolving document imports that does not limit or predefine the possible repository use-cases. Use of an iterative mechanism and graphical representations to build the collections provides the facilities to enable a programmatic or user-interface component to construct the necessary collection objects.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a mechanism is provided by which the correct target documents may always be selected when storing a new document into the central services repository.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by means of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic of service document phases in a service registry and repository according to a sample embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of architecture of a sample embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of information architecture of a sample embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of the document loader system of a sample embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of process of a sample embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a simple successful import example according to a sample embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 show the output of a successful import example; and
FIG. 8 shows the output of an unsuccessful import example.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
According to a sample embodiment, a service registry and repository for service documents is provided that is based on IBM WebSphere Service Registry and Repository. Such service documents include traditional internet services that use a range of protocols and are implemented according to a variety of programming models.
FIG. 1 illustrates service life cycle phases of the services stored as documents in the service registry and repository comprising: Service Development; Change and Release Management; and Runtime Integration and Operation. As the integration point for service metadata, the service registry and repository establishes a central point for finding and managing service metadata acquired from a number of sources, including service application deployments and other service metadata and endpoint registries and repositories. The Service Registry is where service metadata that is scattered across an enterprise is brought together to provide a single, comprehensive description of a service. Once this happens, visibility is controlled, versions are managed, proposed changes are analyzed and communicated, usage is monitored and other parts of the service architecture can access service metadata with the confidence that they have found the copy of record.
The service registry and repository of the present embodiment is a Java™ 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) application that runs on a WebSphere Application Server 8 and uses an object database as a backing store to persist the service metadata. The service register and repository takes advantage of the role-based access control so that role-based views and access control can be turned on when the service registry and repository is deployed as an enterprise-wide application. Referring to FIG. 2, the top level components of the service registry and repository 10 comprise: a registry and repository core 12; a governor 20; an administration interface 26; a user interface 28; a programming interface 30.
The registry and repository core 12 offers both registry function and repository function for service metadata. The repository function allows users to store, manage and query service metadata artifacts holding service descriptions. It not only takes care of the documents containing service metadata by reliable persistence of the data, but it also provides a fine-grained representation of the content of those documents (for example, ports and portTypes in some service documents). The registry function makes provision for decorating registered service declarations and elements of the derived content models with user-defined properties, relationships, and classifiers. The registry and repository core provides a rich query interface 14 that makes use of those decorations when a search is performed to find entities such as a service endpoint or service interface.
Whenever a change to registry or repository content is detected by the registry and repository core, it invokes all validation and notification functions that are registered in the validation register 16 and the notification register 16. Both kinds of functions are considered extension mechanisms that can be used to customize how the service registry and repository reacts to changes. A validation function can be written and registered so that the registry and repository core will execute when changes are made to the content. For example, a validation function that checks for completeness of a service definition. The registry and repository core includes a notification plug-in (not shown) with a subscription capability for a notification communicating a change in the content of the service registry and repository.
Through the governor 14, the service registry and repository supports a rich set of extensible governance functions, including the ability to model a service life cycle model for governed entities, define valid transitions between service states, write and plug-in validators to guard the transitions between states, and designate (notification) actions to be taken as result of the transition. It also provides interfaces to analyze the impact of changes to content, and provides auditing of such changes.
The classification component 22 allows service descriptions and parts of service definitions to be annotated with corporate vocabulary and to capture the governance state. Service classification systems are captured in web ontology language (OWL) documents that are loaded into the Service Registry and Repository using the administrative interface. Service registry and repository entities can be classified with values from these classification systems, to allow classification-based queries to be performed, and to allow access restrictions based on classification.
The access controller 24 supports a fine-grained access control model that allows for the definition of which user roles can perform specific types of actions on corresponding artifacts. Visibility of services can be restricted by business area and user roles can be restricted from transitioning services to certain life cycle states. This is in addition to the role-based access control provided by the service registry and repository.
The administration interface 26 supports the import and export of repository content for exchange with other repositories and provides an API for configuration and basic administration. These support interactions with the Access Controller and with the Classifier.
User interface 28 comprises a web interface and an eclipse plug-in interface to enable interaction with service registry and repository. A servlet based web user interface (UI) supports is the main way for users representing different roles to interact with the service registry and repository. The web interface supports all user roles, offering lookup, browse, retrieve, publish, and annotate capabilities, as well as governance activities, such as import/export and impact analysis. A subset of this user interface is offered as an Eclipse plug-in to meet developer needs and analyst users needs that use Eclipse based-tooling. The Eclipse plug-in is used primarily for lookup, browse, retrieve and publish capabilities. The Web-based user interface can also be used for performing service metadata management and governance.
Programming interface 30 uses Java and SOAP (Service Oriented Architecture Protocol) APIs to interact programmatically with registry and repository core 12. These APIs provide basic create, retrieve, update and delete (CRUD) operations, governance operations, and a flexible query capability. The SOAP API is used to communicate content using XML data structures. The Java API is used to communicate content using service data object (SDO) graphs. Using either the user interface 30 or the programming interface 28, documents and concepts managed by WSRR can be created, retrieved, updated and deleted. However, logical entities in the logical model cannot be modified and these can only be changed by updating a document that contains the logical entity. Concepts can be created, retrieved and deleted.
The service registry and repository of the present embodiment supports two application programming interfaces (APIs) that can be used to interact with the registry and repository core 12; the governance component 20 and the administration interface 26: a Java-based API and a SOAP-based API respectively. Both APIs support publishing (creating and updating) service metadata artifacts and metadata associated with those artifacts, retrieving service metadata artifacts, deleting the artifacts and their metadata, and querying the content of the registry and repository. The programming APIs use Service Data Objects (SDO) to capture the data graphs inherent in the content model, allowing access to physical documents, logical parts of the physical documents, and concepts. The SOAP API uses XML documents to similarly represent Service Data Objects to communicate content structures in both the physical and logical model.
Path query expressions are used to perform searches with the query interface 14 for coarse- and fine-grained queries. Queries can be performed using semantic annotations, properties, and all or parts of physical service metadata artifacts. Fragments of metadata may be returned (such as endpoints), all metadata may be returned, and both metadata and documents may be returned. In addition to "free-form" path based queries, a set of pre-canned queries are available to use to address common paths through the WSRR content model. A path expression identifies the type of managed entity to be returned and filters that capture the managed elements related to the desired object. Extensions are provided to include classification annotations in a query. For example, if the search is for all WSDLServices that have a port that refers to a binding that refers to a portType named "StockQuotePortType", the following query expression would be used:
/WSRR/WSDLService[port/binding/portType/@name='StockQuotePortType'];
The governor 20 allows analysis of the impact of changes to specific artifacts through an API. A set of predefined impact queries is available to help a user to navigate through the registry and repository content according to popular patterns, such as which WSDL files import or use this XSD. In addition one can use Governance operations to request life cycle transitions for a governed entity as well as the configuration of e-mail notifications for users interested in specific content changes.
The administration interface 26 provides an administration API that supports basic configuration and loading and managing of metadata in support of repository content, such as classification and life cycle management. The administration API allows a user to load definitions of state machines to be used to model the life cycle of governed entities, and to load classification systems described in OWL. In addition, the administration API supports registration of plug-ins for validation functions or additional notification functions.
Referring to FIG. 3, an informal description of Information Architecture 300 is provided. Broadly, information architecture 300 has entities representing service description entities 302 and service description metadata 304. All artifacts have an assigned URI (uniform resource identifier), a name and a description. Examples of various types of artifacts are shown in FIG. 3 but are not necessarily referred to in the description.
Service Description Entities 302 comprise physical documents 306; logical derivations 308 and concepts 310. Physical Documents 306 are XML documents that are known as service metadata artifacts. Logical derivations 308 are the finer-grained pieces of content that result when some types of physical document are shredded as they are loaded into Registry and Repository. Concepts 310 are generic entities that are usually typed, and represent anything that is not represented by a document in Registry and Repository. All three types of service description entities can be use in queries, have service annotations applied, and have relationships established from and to them.
The most elemental building blocks for the WSRR are the physical documents 306 such as XSD, WSDL, SCDL or WS-Policy documents. In addition any XML service metadata artifact type or binary document can be stored in WSRR and receive the benefits of broader visibility, reuse, management, and governance. The coarse-grained model made up from registry objects that represents those documents is referred to as the physical model. Documents are versionable objects in the WSRR content model, which means that in addition to a URI, name, and description, they also have a version property.
For some of the physical document types, WSRR derives logical objects and stores them in logical derivations 308. For instance, WSRR can "shred" a document upon receipt into a set of logical objects to enable users to explore WSRR content beyond the boundaries of the files stored. Logical objects are not versionable. For some physical document types, WSRR defines a predefined set of properties and detects relationships to other physical documents. An XSD document, for example, has a target Namespace property and the relationships with other imported XSD documents, other redefined XSD documents and other included XSD documents. When an entry for a certain physical document is created in WSRR, it is introspected for relationships to other artifacts. If not already represented in WSRR, a related artifact is also added, and in either case the relationship between the artifacts is recorded.
The set of logical derivations comprises the logical model of WSRR. The logical model has entities such as portType, port, and message related to WSDL files, and complexType or simpleType related to XSD documents. Elements of the logical model have properties and relationships reflecting a subset of their characteristics as defined in the underlying document. For example, a WSDLService element has a namespace property and a relationship to the ports it contains. It is important to note that all individual results of document shredding are aggregated into one logical model that represents not only the content of individual documents, but also relationships between content in different documents.
WSRR stores other types of service metadata using the XML Document, a generic document type. Documents of type XML Document are not decomposed into the logical model.
WSRR uses a concept to represent anything that does not have a physical document. Concepts 310 are used to represent a reference to content in some other metadata repository, such as a portlet in a portlet catalogue or an asset in an asset repository. It can also be used to group physical artifacts together to govern them as a unit; for example, concepts can be versioned.
In addition to content directly related to entities 302, WSRR supports a number of metadata types that are used to describe entities 302. These metadata types are referred to as service description metadata 304. WSRR supports three types of service semantic metadata types: properties 312; relationships 314; and classifications 316. All three types describe physical model entities, logical model entities, and/or concepts. For example, service description metadata can be used to associate a property "businessValue" with a physical model entity representing a WSDL file. It might also be used to define a new relationship "makesUseOf" between an entity in the logical model representing a "portType" and an entity in the physical model representing an XML document. Furthermore one could create a classification of "importantThings" and associate it with a "port" entity in the logical model and with an entity in the physical model representing a "Policy" document. This enables semantic queries to target individual elements of the service metadata, and meaningful dependency analyses to take place prior to making changes.
Properties 312 are simple name/value pairs that are associated with any of the Service Description Entities 302. Some properties are assigned by the system, such as the unique id, the owner, and the last time the service entity was changed. These system-assigned properties cannot be changed. Others are derived through the "shredding" of a key-type service description document into its logical model. Properties of this type include name and namespace. Sometimes these system-assigned values are allowed to be changed and properties can be created. Such a user-defined property can be used as a simple, unstructured and untyped extension mechanism. Properties 312 can be used in queries, and can be used to establish fine-grained access control.
Relationships 314 tie together one source service description entity to one or more target service description entities. Every relationship is given a name and a source is only allowed to have a single relationship with a given name. Some relationships are assigned by WSRR during the "shredding" of key types of documents. The relationship established between XSD documents based on the importing of one into the other is one such system-assigned relationship. Relationships can also be user defined. For example, a user can: relate a concept that represents an external object to a service using a user defined relationship; relate all of the service description documents that will be governed as a unit to a governable entity; and/or relate a monitoring policy to a service endpoint.
A user can load classifications 316 into registry 300 where they can then be used to apply semantic meaning to service description entities 302. Classification systems are documents encoded using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). The registry represents OWL Classes as classifiers and interprets the subTypeOf relationship between those Classes as establishing a classifier hierarchy. Other OWL concepts such as data or relationship representing properties or other built-in OWL relationships are ignored. A classification system is imported into the registry as a whole and updates are made by importing a modified version of the ontology. Any class in the underlying ontology can be used as a classification; the same classification can be used to classify multiple entities and an entity can be associated with multiple classifications.
Document Loader
Referring to FIG. 4 there is shown a service document loader 16 according to a sample embodiment comprising: generic object locator 18; import statement locator 20; scoping engine 22; target reference locator 24; preview engine 26; and loading engine 28.
Generic object locator 18 is for locating a generic object associated with the service document to be loaded. A generic object is a first class object in the registry, which has many of the same properties as a document. A generic object can be used to group objects such as documents together into collections. Generic objects themselves can be included in collections to establish a smaller limited scope inside that of the parent GenericObject.
Import statement locator 20 is for parsing the service document to find a document import statement and for identifying the object names for importing.
Scoping engine 22 is for identifying the scope of the search for the target objects from amongst one or more of: the repository; a path identified by the generic object; and one or more secondary locations.
Target reference locator 24 is for locating one or more target references using the scope defined by the scoping engine.
Preview engine 26 is for displaying to a user the one or more target references.
Loading engine 28 is for loading a target reference into the repository when there is a single target reference and for resolving the link from the source document to the target document. When there is more than one target reference, then it is left to the user to define a specific target reference in the generic object or to narrow the scope of the scoping rules.
Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a method flow 500 of the document loader 16 for loading and resolving a service document according to a sample embodiment of the invention.
Step 502 is one of locating an import target statement in a service document. For example, a target statement is located when the service and registry core scans a service document, triggering the method flow 500. Embodiments of this invention apply where an import target statement exists in a service document.
Step 504 is one of locating a generic object associated with a service document. In the registry and repository, a generic object is expected whenever there is an import statement.
Step 506 is one of locating import target references defined by a scope for that target in the generic object. The scope is one or more of: a particular path defined by the generic object; the whole repository; and one or more secondary locations. When the search has finished, then the method proceeds in one of three different ways depending on the search results. If no or more than one target reference object is located then the import is categorized a "failure" and the process moves to step 508. If a unique target reference is located then the import is categorized a "success" and the process moves to step 510. If the target reference is already loaded and resolved then the process moves straight to step 516.
Step 508 is taken if more than one target reference is found. This can happen if there are more than one version of the target object in the repository, such as the generic object path and other secondary locations. The results of the search are previewed in graph form for the user to understand way the loading and resolution has failed. Then, the process moves on to step 516.
Sep 510 is an optional step taken if a unique import target is found. The results of the search are previewed in graph form for the user to see the object that will be loaded and resolved.
Step 512 is another optional step where the process is waiting for user confirmation to proceed.
Step 514 loads the located target object into an address in the repository and resolves the source document target reference to point at this address.
Step 516 is one of checking the service document for more import target statements and iterating around the whole process re-starting at step 502.
Step 518 is one of ending the process when there are no more import target statements. The user has a chance to update the target statements, the generic object or the scoping rules and then re-execute the method in an attempt to successfully import the failed imports.
A simple successful import is described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 and a simple unsuccessful import or failed import is described with reference to FIG. 8.
With respect to the successful import example, Document A (called a.wsdl in service notation) uses the standard wsdl import mechanism to include another Document B (called b.wsdl in service notation). Document A contains the statement:
<import"b.wsdl">
Document B exists in two forms in the repository, both called b.wsdl but with different versions (v1.0 and v2.0). GenericObject (referenced genObj in FIG. 6) associates a.wsdl and b.wsdl v1.0. When a user passes Document A through the method 500 where GenObj points to the b.wsdl v1.0, then a preview graph like FIG. 7 is generated showing that the resolution is a success and that a.wsdl will import b.wsdl v1.0.
An unsuccessful import example will be like FIG. 6 but without the General Object GenObj. Since nothing points to a unique version of b.wsdl, then the resolution will be a failure and a graph similar to FIG. 8 will be rendered. More complicated examples would comprise multiple dependent documents.
Other Embodiments
It will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that all or part of the method of the preferred embodiments of the present invention may suitably and usefully be embodied in a logic apparatus, or a plurality of logic apparatus, comprising logic elements arranged to perform the steps of the method and that such logic elements may comprise hardware components, firmware components or a combination thereof.
It will be equally clear to one of skill in the art that all or part of a logic arrangement according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention may suitably be embodied in a logic apparatus comprising logic elements to perform the steps of the method, and that such logic elements may comprise components such as logic gates in, for example a programmable logic array or application-specific integrated circuit. Such a logic arrangement may further be embodied in enabling elements for temporarily or permanently establishing logic structures in such an array or circuit using, for example, a virtual hardware descriptor language, which may be stored and transmitted using fixed or transmittable carrier media.
It will be appreciated that the method and arrangement described above may also suitably be carried out fully or partially in software running on one or more processors (not shown in the figures), and that the software may be provided in the form of one or more computer program elements carried on any suitable data-carrier (also not shown in the figures) such as a magnetic or optical disk or the like. Channels for the transmission of data may likewise comprise storage media of all descriptions as well as signal-carrying media, such as wired or wireless signal-carrying media.
The present invention may further suitably be embodied as a computer program product for use with a computer system. Such an implementation may comprise a series of computer-readable instructions either fixed on a tangible medium, such as a computer readable medium, for example, diskette, CD-ROM, ROM, or hard disk, or transmittable to a computer system, using a modem or other interface device, over either a tangible medium, including but not limited to optical or analogue communications lines, or intangibly using wireless techniques, including but not limited to microwave, infrared or other transmission techniques. The series of computer readable instructions embodies all or part of the functionality previously described herein.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that such computer readable instructions can be written in a number of programming languages for use with many computer architectures or operating systems. Further, such instructions may be stored using any memory technology, present or future, including but not limited to, semiconductor, magnetic, or optical, or transmitted using any communications technology, present or future, including but not limited to optical, infrared, or microwave. It is contemplated that such a computer program product may be distributed as a removable medium with accompanying printed or electronic documentation, for example, shrink-wrapped software, pre-loaded with a computer system, for example, on a system ROM or fixed disk, or distributed from a server or electronic bulletin board over a network, for example, the Internet or World Wide Web.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention may be realized in the form of a computer implemented method of deploying a service comprising steps of deploying computer program code operable to cause the computer system to perform all the steps of the method when deployed into a computer infrastructure and executed thereon.
A further alternative embodiment of the present invention may be realized in the form of a data carrier having functional data thereon, said functional data comprising functional computer data structures to enable said computer system to perform all the steps of the method when loaded into a computer system and operated upon thereby.
It will be clear to one skilled in the art that many improvements and modifications can be made to the foregoing exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention.
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Violence, justice, peace.The challenge faced by post-apartheid South Africans to reconstruct and reconcile rather than give in to fear, hate and despair is underpinned, suggests Helen Douglas, by the challenge of finding the courage to understand what we know and draw conclusions. Extending Levinas beyond Levinas, Douglas reveals a Moebius loop between his call to find the basic goodness at the beginning of every social relation and the South African concept of ubuntu.
Let Jews be Jews. Let Christians be Christians. Let Africans be Africans and Europeans Europeans. Let white people and black people be. Let those with many flags be. Let those with none be.
In a raging tempest, people do what they can with whatever they have, just to survive. It's very immediate and real. Unhinged from our normal routine, we may well be surprised to discover what we are capable of. After the storm, stunned by sudden calm, we begin to look around again, to clear away the wreckage, to discover and to mourn for what has been lost. We start to think about rebuilding and going on with our lives.
After centuries of the violence that Africa has weathered at the hands of Europe, how are black people and white people to live together now? What are we to trust in? How to begin again? In South Africa, the first democratic government introduced a set of socio-economic policies called the Reconstruction and Development Programme. Its premise was that the work of social inclusion and reconstruction – building what Desmond Tutu called "the rainbow nation of God" – could itself be the engine of economic development. At the same time, the moral legacy of apartheid (although not of colonialism and slavery; a line was drawn) was referred to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It was the right idea. But fifteen years later, we sit with stupid levels of inequality, unemployment, poverty, corruption and violence. Good people are working to analyse, explain and address these conditions, and South Africans characteristically have a deep confidence in their own capacity to "make a plan" and find a way. No doubt everything necessary for democratic development is available to the powers that be – if they (and we) are skilful and daring and lucky enough. If there is the will.
But there is also an injury at the level of the heart, to our humanness, that comes from a fractured history and the memory and the experience of brutality. If it were just a storm that had hit us, bad weather, a natural disaster, there would be no real problem. We'd be getting on with it, as people do. That there is such a problem indicates the difference between the violence of nature and the violence of man. After human violence, there is the question of justice.
For justice, it is important to determine what was done by whom to whom and what happened then, to tell our stories of force and resistance, to hear and record the endless catalogue of harm. But even if we could gather every bit of evidence, it would not be sufficient. "It is not knowledge we lack; what is missing is the courage to understand what we know and draw conclusions." This is the central message of Sven Lindquist's book Exterminate the Brutes, which follows the logic of extermination behind Europe's 19th-century imperial "adventures" in Africa that lead directly to the gates of Auschwitz.
If we are going to reconstruct and reconcile, we need the courage to dig down to the roots of our experience, to understand what we know and to draw conclusions. It takes courage because we are terribly frightened of what we will find. Sometimes we are close to despair. What are we, that this could have happened? Is it violence all the way down, with us? Fear and hatred: as it was in the beginning, is now and ever shall be? Is it world without end, amen?
We read Levinas, in Africa and elsewhere, because he says No, look closer. The world is always being interrupted. By what? By the powerless Face of an other that calls us to our responsibility. Look closer, look carefully. There is a basic goodness to be found at the beginning of every social relation. "Every social relation", he says in Totality and Infinity, "leads like a shunt … back to the presentation of the other to the same without the intermediary of any image or sign, solely by the expression of the face." He's not saying they should. He claims they do. Every social relation. And that philosophy's job is to trace these forms back to proximity. This is encouraging.
There is a basic scene of historical injustice that we post-colonials in Africa continue to live with. It has two antagonists: those who were generally oppressors and those who were generally oppressed.
Consider first the situation of the oppressors, the Europeans, from the strangers who started all the trouble to we who continue to benefit from racebased privilege. Beyond our intention, beyond our choice, we whites find ourselves in the wrong, simply because we were born into a certain history, implicated on arrival, already five hundred pages into the book. And also, of course, to the extent that this is none of our doing, as innocent and blameless as infants. It's not fair.
To realise our own freedom, we need a way to escape this inexorable history and so, first, we have to face it. Raised on Christian beliefs about the wages of sin, this also scares us half to death. But there is also a genuine desire to make things right, to live together in freedom. A variety of strategies are in play. One is simply to declare history finished or irrelevant, a wishful thought that we could just reset to zero and begin afresh. Another is to succumb to history in shame and white guilt, perhaps to withdraw from the present in order to make amends for the past, or at least to minimise the continuing privilege of whiteness. But there is no freedom there. Plus it's not very useful, and it's not what black people are asking for. There's also something tricky about confession, especially confessing for what one has not done: it can be taken as an invitation to more violence by both the perpetrators and their victims. Nor does it seem that we can effectively settle our account. Reparation is beyond reckoning, although it must somehow be made. Could we declare bankruptcy and ask for our debt to be forgiven? We are certainly not bankrupt, and I think there is work for us to do.
The problem with all these strategies is that we whites still think we can choose and decide for ourselves and by ourselves: that sense of primacy, taking charge of our destiny by the force of our will. We think that is where our freedom resides. But it may be precisely what keeps us trapped. Gayatri Spivak has a suggestion: "What we are asking is that the holders of the hegemonic discourse should de-hegemonise their position and themselves learn how to occupy the subject position of the other." Does that mean just turning the tables, so the master becomes the slave? On the contrary. Reading Levinas, we begin to learn the possibilities of a certain passivity, of a "relaxation of virility without cowardice".
As the historically oppressed, Africans have a different challenge: to establish a place in the world on their own terms, and to take up a position vis-à-vis Europe. At one level, in community, to find solace and to express the beauty of scorned cultural ways and traditions. At another, as the injured party, to navigate the terrain of a moral high ground, to avoid the temptations of victimhood or vengeance. Like Jews after the Holocaust, Africans need to resolve their "national question" and enter into history on their own terms.
Europeans who want to escape history; Africans who want to enter into it. As Levinas found with Jews and Christians, our antagonistic fates may also prove complementary. And so we are reading Levinas to see how that might work out. Europeans who want to escape history; Africans who want to enter into it. As Levinas found with Jews and Christians, our antagonistic fates may also prove complementary.
I am guided here by the plan Levinas sets out in the Foreword to his Difficult Freedom: Essays on Judaism. It is perceptibly written with the same sensibility one finds in his writing on subjectivity, where opening to the other in responsibility for the other's suffering produces within the subject (or produces the subject as) an alignment of the two realms of being and ethics. What describes the I in Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence here also describes Judaism.
1. After the war, Jews turned inward, going back to their roots to once again take up a position vis-àvis Christian Europe.
2. The "polemic" is "immediately" interrupted and raised (Levinas's readers will recognise that this "immediate interruption" and the dimension of height signals proximity, the Face) … by the memory of Christian "open-heartedness" and "fraternal acts" … in which the two "antagonistic fates are shown to be complementary".
3. But this neighbourly state is in turn interrupted by, and gains meaning from, the rise of the starving masses of the Third World (the third party, other others), which reminds Jews and Christians of the sacred responsibility to nourish.
4. This "inversion" – within the pursuit of identity, with no change of direction – defines Judaism … and gives rise to Jewish ritual, and Jewish service without thought of reward – its deep meaning shared with Christian liturgy.
If Levinas is right about social relations, we should similarly be able to take any social aspect of our identity – race, nationality, language, religion, class, our ideologies and our philosophies – and follow it back to its earliest origins, to see where a movement towards interiority and separation is redirected back into the world and called to service by the weird gravity of ethical alterity – and also where it hardens itself against that call or is moved to violence. Throughout his writing we find Levinas doing this, as a Jew, as a European, and as a philosopher. "How good it is to be a Jew!" he exclaims in Difficult Freedom.
Nevertheless, it is odd to read Levinas in Africa. He routinely dismisses as "underdeveloped" or "exotic" any nations that are not "people of the Book" – not monotheists descended from good Greek and Hebrew lines. For example, in this Foreword to Difficult Freedom, the "third party" Third World appears like a deus ex machina, entering from the wings to bond the two real protagonists: European Jews and European Christians. Why is it that they arise as "ravaged by hunger" rather than ravaged by centuries of European greed and inhumanity? What has happened to justice?
Levinas has mistaken the Third World, but the corrective is surely to carry on testing his universal claim of ethical interrelatedness beyond Europe's borders. Extend Levinas beyond Levinas: why not?
Levinas has mistaken the Third World, but the corrective is surely to carry on testing his universal claim of ethical interrelatedness beyond Europe's borders.
We could consider, just for example, black South African subjects who similarly turned inward after apartheid ended, looking to their origins in order to take up a position in freedom. Their work was not an exegesis of ancient texts, but of a long-lived communal tradition that rests on a particular understanding of humanness called ubuntu. This is usually rendered in English as "I am because we are".
Appeals to ubuntu are ubiquitous in South African life, from law courts to boardrooms to daily newspapers. In a Heritage Day opinion piece in the Cape Times on 28 September, 2009, Simphiwe Sesanti wrote of the need to educate children to be "true Africans" so that they "will know from an early age that it is culturally offensive when one child eats bread … without offering it to the one who is without." How good it is to be an African!
The "we are" of ubuntu is profoundly open to third parties, to the Face of the Other, to strangers and the indigent. And its "I am" is also overburdened by boundless responsibility. But it is not identical to Levinas's analysis of ethical subjectivity. Levinas's "ethics as first philosophy" and African ubuntu are more like mirror images on a Moebius strip. Levinas deconstructs and challenges the excesses of a European notion of individual freedom, but African readers of Levinas have a different starting place. It follows that the questions they bring to philosophy – and their phenomenological analyses – are bound to be different than his. It will be interesting to see how they proceed.
We are we because, commanding from identity to identity, we are disengaged from the totality and from history. But we are we in that we command each other to a work through which we recognise each other. To be disengaged from the totality while at the same time accomplishing a work in it is not to stand against the totality, but for it – that is, in its service. To serve the totality is to fight for justice. The totality is constituted by violence and corruption. The work consists in introducing equality into a world turned over to the interplay and the mortal strife of freedoms.
The totality here could be anything we identify ourselves with, such as ethnicity, religion, nationality: all the structures of interest which are constituted in violence, but which are nevertheless necessary for the material work of justice.
Second, reading Levinas also might show us a way out of the quagmire of identity politics that liberal multiculturalism – which remains suspicious of difference – cannot. How do you resist racism (or encompass diversity), without perpetuating the myths of race? In the private sphere, how can one acknowledge and observe a communal identity without it congealing into essentialism or fundamentalism? In the public sphere, how do you create a non-racial society that attends to the claims of people oppressed as black? How, for instance, can you track the progress of black university students or other affirmative action programmes without keeping files based on racial categorisation? South African policy makers and intellectuals struggle with this.
These are questions that reading Levinas allows us to approach differently. First of all, is ethical responsibility a function of identity? If so, my allegiance is to my own kind in the great chain of being and difference, my "us" posed against some other "them". Then the natural justice of self-preservation would extend to cover what is mine, what I cherish, what I choose, what depends upon me and falls within my mastery.
Or is identity already a function of responsibility for the truly other, even the truly other in the face of the ones nearest to me?
The African National Congress has historically defined the aim of the South African "national democratic revolution" as the liberation of "black people in general, and Africans in particular". In this formula, "national" roughly refers to indigenous (African) rule and the end of colonialism; "democratic" means universal suffrage and the end of authoritarian minority rule; "revolution" signals a decisive break with those political economies; "black people" includes all those who were targeted by apartheid law – coloured, Indian or African; while "Africans" means exclusively the latter, formerly categorised as "native" or "Bantu", those who form the majority of the population and who, as a group, faced the greatest oppression under apartheid. With this characterisation, the ANC was able to bring together a famously broad church of nationalists, communists, trade unions and civic organisations.
Throughout the years of struggle, its political reports spoke in dialectical Marxist terms of "contradictions" and "motive forces", with strategic analyses that viewed the political arena as inhabited by various national groups and social classes acting more or less rationally in pursuit of their own interests. Political activity was understood as the advancement- of-being of this group and that group, and the dynamic antagonisms and alliances that arise from this. Undeniably, this is a valid, useful and necessary perspective. But it doesn't get to the heart of the matter.
Levinas opens up an earlier meaning, beyond essence and interest, revealing ethics as the hidden source of political activity.
To transpose Difficult Freedom from Nazi Europe to apartheid South Africa: "the experience of [apartheid] brought many [blacks] into fraternal contact with [whites] who opened their hearts to them – which is to say, risked everything for their sake." In their different ways, whether as traitors or heroes to their blood- or class-identified communities, black and white anti-apartheid activists were also always "for the Other", comrades in the service of a common humanity that doesn't depend on commonality.
The scene that has obsessed us since 1994 has been cast in black and white, probably necessarily so. But that polemic is also immediately interrupted and raised when we come face to face with the other others, those before whom we – both white and black – find ourselves responsible. Those who have been excluded by the narrowing of the frame of justice: Indian South Africans and those from the array of communities bundled together under the label "coloured". Those who, it is said, were not white enough then and are not black enough now. Beyond them, all the stranger neighbours, refugees and foreigners, the marginalised and vulnerable, the ancestors and the new generations. It gets complicated. But this very complexity reveals that the "antagonistic destinies" of Europe and Africa are perhaps complementary after all. We who have been so immersed with each other are brought up short by these third parties, called to re-examine our political programmes and our claims of entitlement, called to the work of justice, to understand what we know and to draw conclusions, commanding each other to this work in which we recognise each other.
Levinas writes: "For the little humanity that adorns the earth, a relaxation of essence … is needed." This call to responsibility, which comes from elsewhere yet does not alienate, disengages the self from an imperious or desperate identification with the Same, with the commonality of a community – but without rejecting or disdaining it either. There is nothing fundamentally wrong with where we come from, and no need to beg to be otherwise. Indeed, our communities supply the resources that allow us to be present and useful for each other. Remember Levinas's claim: every social relation leads, like a shunt, back to a singular responsibility for peace, "for the near and the far-off". This is as true for us "Europeans" as anyone.
A commitment to justice entails understanding history. A commitment to peace entails transcending it. What could it be, Mbembe's "freedom that is aware of itself as an ethical practice?" The freedom of Africans who would enter history as the liberators of their oppressors? Of Europeans who would allow themselves to be liberated by Africa? These questions lead us to interrogate our economic, political and social relations and conditions. But even earlier, to try to grasp the deep significance of what it is to be human. An ethical practice: my responsibility for the freedom of the other, my freedom that does not begin from me.
A commitment to justice entails understanding history. A commitment to peace entails transcending it.
This freedom is not in the least bit pathological, or strained or heartrending. It relegates the values to do with roots and institutes other forms of fidelity and responsibility. Man, after all, is not a tree, and humanity is not a forest. It promotes more human forms, for they presuppose a conscious commitment; freer forms, for they allow us to glimpse a human society and horizons vaster that those of the village where we were born.
This essay was first presented at "Lectures de Difficile Liberté / Readings of Difficult Freedom", SIREL/ NALS. Toulouse, France, 4–9 July, 2010.
Helen Douglas runs a philosophical counseling practice in Cape Town: www.philosophy-practice. co.za. She has just published: Love and Arms: Violence and Justification after Levinas. Pittsburgh: Trivium Publications.


text:
Tabarca, a Mediterranean paradise - Costa Blanca, Spain
Tabarca a Mediterranean paradise is an island close to the town of Santa Pola, Valencia community, Spain. Tabarca is the only inhabited island in Valencia community and it is currently known for its marine reserve. That is why thousands of tourists arrive each summer attracted by its proximity and ease of access from Alicante or Santa Pola.
Tabarca is a protected marine reserve called Reserva marina de la Isla de Tabarca, declared a Zone of Special Protection for Birds by the EU, with a varied marine fauna (sea bass, grouper, conger eel, gilthead etc.).
Before 1700, the island was known as Illa de Sant Pau ('Saint Paul's Island') or Illa Plana ('Flat Island'), believed to be the island that St. Paul disembarked on. The island was also a haven for Barbary pirates up to the end of the 18th century.
In 1760, Charles III of Spain ordered the fortification and repopulation of the Spanish island. A group of Genoese sailors shipwrecked near the coast of Tunisia, mostly coming from the island off Tunisian Tabarka, were rescued and settled here. The island was renamed Nova Tabarca ("New Tabarca" in both Catalan and Latin).
The gateways are still visible and so are the Governor's House (currently a hotel) and the church of St Peter and St Paul, concluded in 1779. In 1850 the governor and the garrison were removed. At the end of the 19th century, the island had a population of around 1,000 people mainly dedicated to fishing with traps.
Blue-green clear waters surrounding the island of Tabarca, the boat that takes visitors to Tabarca leaves them at the foot of the wall where a small arch leads to the village with its newly paved streets. During the summer, tourists make it impossible to enjoy the essence of the island. But by nightfall, or better yet, on a sunny afternoon in autumn or winter, Tabarca is transformed into a magical place.
th its quiet fishing village offering an old fort, several fresh seafood restaurants, a rocky beach with clear turquoise water, several coves and tidal pools ideal for bathing, no wonder this tiny island has become a haven for artists and bohemians and a popular tourist destination.
See below to view a selection of our bargain properties near Tabarca.


This dual degree program, within the Department of Sport & Exercise Sciences and the School of Business, allows students to receive a Master's in Movement Science and Master's in Business Administration combined, in a fraction of the time.
The only program of its kind in Florida.
Community service, application, and research opportunities with faculty and fellow students.
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The option to choose between an applied track for a more hands-on experience, a thesis track for a research-based option, or a dual track (combined thesis and applied).
Merit-based scholarships for applicants with a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or greater.
Personal attention from distinguished faculty in small classes.
Preparation for certification with the Association for Applied Sport Psychology (CC-AASP).
A high-quality, student-friendly and caring environment.
Internationally accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).
Located in a dynamic and vibrant center of global trade and finance.
Student-centered approach to learning, small class sizes, and outstanding faculty.
Students may choose to enroll in both applied and research components adding 9 credits to their academic program.


text:
<?php

namespace Predis\Command;

/**
 * @group commands
 * @group realm-zset
 */
class ZSetCardinalityTest extends PredisCommandTestCase
{
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function getExpectedCommand()
    {
        return 'Predis\Command\ZSetCardinality';
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function getExpectedId()
    {
        return 'ZCARD';
    }

    /**
     * @group disconnected
     */
    public function testFilterArguments()
    {
        $arguments = array('key');
        $expected = array('key');

        $command = $this->getCommand();
        $command->setArguments($arguments);

        $this->assertSame($expected, $command->getArguments());
    }

    /**
     * @group disconnected
     */
    public function testParseResponse()
    {
        $this->assertSame(1, $this->getCommand()->parseResponse(1));
    }

    /**
     * @group connected
     */
    public function testReturnsSizeOfSortedSet()
    {
        $redis = $this->getClient();

        $redis->zadd('letters', 1, 'a', 2, 'b', 3, 'c');
        $this->assertSame(3, $redis->zcard('letters'));

        $this->assertSame(0, $redis->zcard('unknown'));
    }

    /**
     * @group connected
     * @expectedException \Predis\Response\ServerException
     * @expectedExceptionMessage Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value
     */
    public function testThrowsExceptionOnWrongType()
    {
        $redis = $this->getClient();

        $redis->set('foo', 'bar');
        $redis->zcard('foo');
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


First ever Hadoop 1.0 open-source data analysis stack is out!
Basically, that says it all: BigTop 0.3 release is out as I've written in the blog. This is the major step in BigTop evolution and a very significant step in advancing open-source data analytics stack on top of Hadoop. Now people, enterprises and alike can have a Hadoop's big data stack that is reliable and fully validated for compatibility.
So, go ahead, configure the BigTop's packages repository for your Linux distribution of choice and enjoy the mighty Hadoop stack!
Author DrCosPosted on April 3, 2012 Categories BigTop 0.3, Hadoop 1.0 stack1 Comment on First ever Hadoop 1.0 open-source data analysis stack is out!


Remember how we were always afraid of scary things lurking in our closets at night when we were kids? Well that nightmare became a reality for a college student after she found a man in her closet, wearing her clothes, after repeatedly finding items misplaced or missing.
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro student told Fox 8 she thought she had a ghost in her apartment since she always locked her door and never saw any signs of someone having broken into the apartment.
But when she heard noises coming from her closet, she investigated and found a 30-year-old man in her closet.
It's not clear how long the man, Andrew Clyde Swofford, was in the student's closet, WFMY reported.
Police arrived at the Edge apartments, a students apartment building near the campus, around 3:30 p.m. and arrested Swofford, who was not violent, Greensboro police Officer Ronald Glenn told BuzzFeed News.
Swofford was taken to Guilford County jail where he was charged with breaking and entering, identity theft, larceny and possessing stolen goods, as well as for failing to appear in court for other cases. His bail was set at $26,600.
Although Swofford has been arrested, the student said she still feels unsafe in her apartment, as this isn't the first instance that something like this has happened. The student and her roommate found two men standing in their apartment in December.
"Last night I did not feel safe. I slept with my roommate in her bed. I can't stay here. My closet, it stinks. Every time I go in (my room) there's a bad vibe. I'm just ready to leave," the student told Fox 8.


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Students already enrolled in a Program of Choice who wish to continue next year must fill out the RETURNING STUDENTS application located on the Claremont website.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS must fill out the PROGRAMS OF CHOICE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS application located on the Claremont website.


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The Indian market has now become a luring bet for the foreign VC firms, who are in the queue seeking clearance from the regulators. Around 66 foreign venture capital investors, like Google holdings, GE Capital Mauritus III, Argonaut Capital and Bessemer India Capital II are put on hold to prevent them from investing in the market at a very low price. I am not sure about the rationale behind this, investors are coming to India mainly because of low price and perceived stability compared to other Asian countries.
More cash inflow is good for any country especially in the current economic crisis. FIIs withdrew huge sum from Indian stock market in the recent months, hence we had lot of dollar outflow in the recent past. Just let the dollar inflow coming in, it will stop the falling rupee value.


We Need a Hero, Enter Iodine!
So the answer for most people is to simply increase their iodine intake to improve thyroid function. In a perfect world, increased consumption of pastured eggs, clean seafood, clean salt, and occasional pastured dairy consumption. For most, this cannot be done and is maybe too costly. So where should we get our iodine from? We have a choice of different supplements to increase our iodine intake.
People depending on their need will supplement with different forms of iodine, but I do have one way that I recommend as a general recommendation to improve your health and that is, nascent iodine.
The brand that I recommend of nascent iodine is Detoxadine. The nascent iodine used in Detoxadine is sourced from clean salt deposits well within the Earth's surface. It is suspended in glycerin, not alcohol, for better absorption and fewer issues (alcohol can be harsh on the stomach and liver, not suitable for children). Detoxadine is manufactured in a state-licensed manufacturing plant that meets federal standards, is cGMP/HACCP-compliant, and is USP-grade iodine. The supplement is not subjected to direct heat, harsh chemicals (hexane), alcohol, or is loaded down with unnecessary, harmful additives.
I recommend the following protocol if you are beginning your journey in supplementing iodine. Start with three drops of nascent iodine under your tongue daily and take 200 mcg of selenium every other day to support proper thyroid function. Increase your intake by one drop daily weekly until you get to twenty drops daily. So for the first week, you take three drops daily underneath your tongue. The next week you will do four drops under your tongue and so on until you get to twenty drops daily. Once you reach twenty drops, decrease your dosage by a drop a week until you get down to a maintenance dose of three drops daily. My nascent iodine protocol is general advice; you may need to take more or less depending on your thyroid tests and how you feel. Make sure your healthcare professional knows you are supplementing with iodine and selenium and that they monitor your thyroid hormones at least every three months. Discontinue the protocol and see your doctor if you have any worsening symptoms of hypo or hyperthyroidism or develop symptoms.
Detox reactions may occur from iodine replacing other halides (fluoride, bromide, and chlorine) within the body. Click on the links listed for each element to see if you are going through any detox during iodine supplementation and what to do if you are detoxing.
We are not getting enough iodine in our modern life and we are exposed to other environmental elements that are reducing our iodine intake and thyroid function. Contact me if you are having any issues with your thyroid and let us improve your health.
Hi, john i started your protocol 2 days ago, but i want to know when it is better to take iodine and selenium?
With breakfast maybe? , i eat 1 cup of green salad with along, is vitamin C something to care about?
I'm hypo, on WP Thyroid, and have a host of other issues since getting hit with mono in 2010: liver, M.E.. I am normally very functional, unless I take an immune hit (Like chigger bites–foreign to this midwest-dwelling, native Oregonian!) but in general I can feel myself slipping into more serious, long term ill-health. So looking at things I haven't before and came across your article.
Am I understanding your protocol correctly–it will take 40 weeks, or +/- 10 months to get to a maintenance dose of 3 drops daily?
Can you explain why you think this is the best way to go about it, vs just taking 3 drops per day from the get go?
Dr Group supplies Info wars Nascent Iodine. It is the same but you get sales on the Info Wars product.
Aside from that it helps Soft Stool and is a radiation deterant as both Fukishima and Eastern Europe is experiencing contamination at this time.
Avoid fish from the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico (Oil Contamination) until further notice.
You do know Dr. Edward Group is on Infowars quite frequently and he is the founder of The Global Healing Center. In fact he hosts from time to time and there is no difference between Detoxadine and Survival Shield X-2 they are literally the same product. In fact, The Global Healing Center produces most of Infowars supplements. Your comment is a joke, right?
LOL WEEEEEEEAAAAAAAKK!!!!!!! Sheryl Sure did shut her mouth didn't she, hahahahahahhhahahahaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa she, like many TRUMP haters, probably can't provide one example of any of her claims above. I almost died of laughter. Cheers, John.


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By Steve Touw, CTO and Co-founder of Immuta.
Managing data privacy is becoming an increasingly difficult challenge for massive corporations littered with data silos. New data regulations--from the EU to the US to China-- illustrate that this challenge is really just beginning.
In addition to masking the taxi medallions, the city could have applied further anonymization to this dataset. If they generalized the pickup/dropoff to the nearest hour, then the link attack would fail. The same query I used above would return zero results because no entry would exist between those two minutes, since every entry would be rounded to the hour - my query is too specific for the data. This is a technique called k-anonymization. In k-anonymization, high cardinality values are generalized, or "blurred", to try to prevent link attacks. In fact, you can think of k-anonymization as giving you more results because in this case I can no longer query for specifics within that hour - the data is coarser. Here, we're not just protecting sensitive values; we're forced to protect columns that simply have many unique values, what are sometimes termed quasi-identifiers.
So who cares about all of this? At the very top of the list is the Europeans, who implemented the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to protect data subjects' private information. A violation can result in a fine equal to four percent of a company's global revenue. Which makes the GDPR the most serious data regulation on the planet, and it applies to any business using European data, so if you're a data scientist working with global data, chances are that the GDPR will apply to you.
Bio: Steve Touw is co-founder and CTO of Immuta. Steve has a long history of designing large-scale geo-temporal analytics across the US Intelligence community, to include some of the very first Hadoop analytics, and frameworks to manage complex multi-tenant data policy controls. This experience drove he and his co-founders at Immuta to build a software product that frees data science teams to access and work with high-value data. Prior to Immuta, Steve was the CTO of 42six solutions where he led a large big data services engineering team which was acquired by Computer Sciences Corporation. Steve holds a BS in Geography from the University of Maryland.


text:
Q: PuLP how to set next variable according to previous results? I have a constraint in my linear program for inventory that goes:
x[next period] = x[this period] + purchases[this period] - sold[this period]

Decision variables are purchases[this period] and sold[this period].
Solved for several periods with rolling horizon period.
When I put it in PuLP like this, all the x[t] other than the first (constant input, ex. 12345) end up to be 0.
T = range(0,7)
x = [0 for t in T]
x[0] = 12345

for t in T:
    prob += x[t] + p[t] - s[t] == x[t+1], "some label %s"(t)
    prob += x[t+1] >= 0

A: Solved it! For anyone who's interested in this...
I added it as a variable and added the following constraint
    prob += x[0] == 12345

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Diary of John Adams, volume 3
Nov. 2. Saturday.
November 4. Monday.
1782. November 3. Sunday. JA 1782. November 3. Sunday. Adams, John
1782. November 3. Sunday.
In my first Conversation with Franklin on Tuesday Evening last, he told me of Mr. Oswalds Demand of the Payment of Debts and Compensation to the Tories. He said their Answer had been, that We had not Power, nor had Congress. I told him I had no Notion of cheating any Body. The Question of paying Debts, and that of com- 44pensating Tories were two.—I had made the same Observation, that forenoon to Mr. Oswald and Mr. Stretchy, in Company with Mr. Jay at his House.... 1 I saw it struck Mr. Stretchy with peculiar Pleasure, I saw it instantly smiling in every Line of his Face. Mr. O. was apparently pleased with it too.
In a subsequent Conversation with my Colleagues, I proposed to them that We should agree that Congress should recommend it to the States to open their Courts of Justice for the Recovery of all just Debts. They gradually fell in to this Opinion, and We all expressed these Sentiments to the English Gentlemen, who were much pleased with it, and with Reason, because it silences the Clamours of all the British Creditors, against the Peace, and prevents them from making common Cause with the Refugees.
Mr. J. came in and spent two hours, in Conversation, upon our Affairs, and We attempted an Answer to Mr. Oswalds Letter.2 He is perfectly of my Opinion or I am of his respecting Mr. Dana's true Line of Conduct as well as his with Spain, and ours with France, Spain and England.
I learn from him that there has not been an Harmony, between him and Carmichael. The latter aimed at founding himself upon a French Interest, and was more supple to the french Ambassador at Madrid, and to Mr. Gérard than was approved by the former. G. endeavoured to perswade him to shew him, his Instructions, which he refused at which offence was taken.3
Vergennes has endeavoured to perswade him to treat with D'Aranda, without exchanging Powers. He refuses. V. also pronounced Oswalds first Commission sufficient, and was for making the Acknowledgement of American Independance the first Article of the Treaty. J. would not treat. The Consequence was, a compleat Acknowledgment of our Independence by Oswalds new Commission under the great Seal of G.B. to treat with the Commissioners of the United States of America.—Thus a temperate Firmness has succeeded every where, but the base System nowhere.
Ridley says that Jennings is in easy Circumstances, and as he always lives within his Income, is one of the most independent Men in the World. He remitted him 3000£ St. when he came over to France. His Father left him Ten Thousand Pounds. He kept great Company in England and no other. He is related to several principal Families in America, and to several great Families in England. Was bred to the Law in the Temple, and practised as Chamber Council, but no otherwise.
D'Estaing has set off for Madrid and Cadix. Reste a Scavoir, what his Object is. Whether to take the Command of a Squadron, and in that Case where to go—whether to R. Island to join Vaudreul, and go vs. N. York, or to the W. Indies. Will they take N. York, or only prevent the English from evacuating it.—O. proposed solemnly to all 3 of Us, Yesterday, at his House, to agree not to molest the British Troops in the Evacuation, but We did not. This however shews they have it in Contemplation. Suppose they are going against W. Florida—how far are We bound to favour the Spaniards? Our Treaty with France must and shall be sacredly fulfilled, and We must admit Spain to acceed when She will, but untill She does our Treaty does not bind Us to France to assist Spain.
The present Conduct of England and America resembles that of the Eagle and Cat. An Eagle scaling over a Farmers Yard espied a Creature, that he thought an Hair. He pounced upon him and took him up. In the Air the Cat seized him by the Neck with her Teeth and round the Body with her fore and hind Claws. The Eagle finding Herself scratched and pressed, bids the Cat let go and fall down.—No says the Cat: I wont let go and fall, you shall stoop and set me down.4
Suspension points in MS.
There is no letter from Oswald to the American Commissioners on record to which this could pertain except one dated 4 Nov. concerning the compensation of loyalists (Tr, Adams Papers), which was answered by JA, Franklin, and Jay on the 7th (RC, Public Record Office, London) after several conferences. These letters are printed in Wharton, ed., Dipl. Corr. Amer. Rev. , 5:848, 849–850 (the answer under date of 5 Nov.).
Passages preceded and followed by dagger signs were not included in the transcript of his Diary furnished by JA to Secretary Livingston; see note on preceding entry. In view of JA's purpose and of the noise made by his "Peace Journal" when it was read in Congress, JA's "editing" of the text is of some interest.
JA later told this fable in more detail and in a different context but with the same point, and attributed it to Franklin ( Corr. in the Boston Patriot , p. 45–46).


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Generous, restless, adaptable, excitable, fickle, two-sided, gossip.
In the Greek mythology, Gemini are the twin gods Castor and Pollux, sons of Zeus. They are the friends and protectors of seamen. For their efforts in protecting seamen they where immortalized as a constellation.
Being the third sign of the zodiac, Gemini represents quickness of thought and communication. They are the first dual sign in the zodiac. It is the first air sign, mental in orientation. They need to talk and live. Thus is normally lively intellectual. Gemini is concerned with the connection between thought and verbal expression. Gemini loves details rather than the broad picture. they have an ability to talk with authority on a broad range of subjects and are very good at debates. Is lively and loves variety and change, both in experience and environment. Gemini needs a partner; they do not do well on their own. They however value personal freedom and can be seen as rebellious although they just want that they want to break away and be free. They are attracted to excitement and change and can bore easily. They love to be different just for the sake of being different. Would rather go out and find excitement than stay at home to enjoy security and simple pleasures. Playing devils advocate is a favorite pastime for them. Few things give them as much pleasure as travelling with a friend or more looking for excitement. They work well under stress. Trouble for them means adventure and fun. They normally have loads of energy to burn, thus they love activity that gives them a lift or sense of exaltation. They may have problems fitting in all their social activities in one calendar. If they could fly they would. If it moves, it attracts them, from bikes, cars, skates and planes. Checking their calendar for space is not a joke for them, they mean it. However, although they have loads of energy to burn, they do tire easily as well on long hauls and could prefer to give up or change direction if faced with the demands of a long haul. They like being part of a group and normally liven up any social situation. However, they do not readily accept a leadership role. May be seen as being fickle or superficial, but to them changing ones mind is ones right. Being constantly on the move and being bored with the same, it could be difficult for them to for an attachment to something or someone with a deep bond.
The light side: Happy, full of spirit, Full of love, time for others, Putting their own feelings aside to help others in need.
Taurus-Gemini are energetic, convincing and prolific. They tend to be versatile, but run the risk of overworking themselves. They need to set limits to what they do. They have a habit of moving from one subject to the next before exploring the first in detail. They love to talk to others about their life and projects. guard against taking over the conversation and doing all the talking though. They could fall into the trap of not trusting their gut and becoming insensitive emotionally. Being constant on the move they run the risk of burning themselves out and need to slow down a bit. Rest awhile and have some fun.
Being more consistent and slowing down a bit will go along way. Trust yourself more and let your feelings come out a bit more.
These are the fighters that stand up for what they believe in. They want to free the oppressed and liberate the masses.
and very fast mind may just be to fast for others to keep up with them. They normally have very good dexterity and hand-eye coordination.
They may find that they tend to leave a string of unfinished projects behind them, their mind just moved on to the next exciting project.
Try and finish what you start before taking on a new project. Develop some patience with others, not all people are as fast a thinker as you.
Let others be right for a change to keep the peace, even if your idea is a bit better or faster.
person is used to and they run the risk of being misunderstood. This can wind them up and frustrate them as they feel they do not get the point across or others do not care enough to listen.
When in fact others just do not understand them. Their thought is so different than others and they can keep tract and use multiple examples and defense lines at once to argue or explain a single point.
This can totally confuse others as it is just too much and to scattered information. Gemini 2 has very complex thought processes and tends to be very direct and outspoken. Flattery is not their thing, and they can hurt with their words.
Slow down a bit when talking to others. Less is sometimes better, get one good argument line or information and give that rather than a ton of information.
Stick around friends and give the relationship time to deepen, eventually some will begin to understand you and get you.
from one person to the next or career tot the next or project to project. The do not normally stay around to long to get attached but rather want to be free to move in a moments notice. If you get notice at all.
This can make it hard for friends or loved ones to keep up with them and may feel excluded or not loved at all. Trying to hold them back, control or smother them will just make them run. Let them run free and they will be happy.
and have the ability to bring together in harmony many different points of view and thinking. Finding a common ground between all and a mutual understanding.
They need to guard against spending to much time pleasing and motivating others though for it is a trap they can fall in. You need your space and should not feel guilty about who you are, just guard against excluding others to much and leaving to much space between you and loved ones.
set some easier goals for yourself and rewards. Try and connect more too a few loved ones and do things with them.
and will then use their talents to inspire and empower those they have devoted themselves to. They often put themselves into the service of a higher power and tend not to have big egos that need to be out there for all to see.
will not take advantage of them.
You need to sometimes be a bit tougher on yourself. Stay focused on the goals you have set and use you magic to inspire with care, less you run out of steam. Take care not to loose yourself in ecstatic experiences and also guard against destructive emotions that could control you.