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Browse: Home » 2014 » February » 09 » AN ASSESSMENT OF COSTS BITES THE DUST: COURT RESOURCES, PROPORTIONALITY AND COURT PATIENCE IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS.
AN ASSESSMENT OF COSTS BITES THE DUST: COURT RESOURCES, PROPORTIONALITY AND COURT PATIENCE IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS.
February 9, 2014 · by gexall · in Costs, Costs budgeting, Written advocacy
The decision of Mr Justice Teare in Mount Eden Land Ltd –v- Speechly Bircham [2014] EWHC 169 (QB) is a case of the courts ending a detailed and lengthy costs assessment because of the behaviour of the claimant. It has wider ramifications, not least where the issue of proportionality has to be considered in the process of the assessment of costs.
This was an action by the claimant (Mount Eden) seeking an assessment of their former solicitor's invoices, the amount in dispute totalled £105,000.
POINTS OF DISPUTE
Directions were made including that Mount Eden file points of dispute. These were duly filed and a date fixed for the assessment.
THE HEARING
At the detailed assessment hearing Mount Eden attempted to go considerably beyond the matters set out in the point of dispute. The situation is summarised in the judgment of Teare J.
" During the course of the hearing the Master gave a ruling on three issues f general application which arose out of the Points of Dispute. He then proceeded to the detailed challenges. One item, worth £325.19, was considered and, after three pages of transcript, was allowed. The second item, worth £8,690.05, was considered. Soon after the debate commenced Speechlys costs lawyer, Mr. Dean, noted that Mount Eden were "straying off piste from the points of dispute…" and added that "if we start embarking on examining every item in detail which has not specifically been raised in the points of dispute we will be needing significantly longer than the three days that we were discussing earlier." The Master said a little later that "if we do this for every item it is going to take weeks." Mr. Dean said that "all of these points are being raised for the first time today and they are beyond the scope of the points of dispute……..we must be given some notice of the points that are being made and be given some time to respond adequately to them." The Master asked Mr. Bishop, Mount Eden's costs draftsman, "is it your intention to go through this as you have been all the way through just picking out ten minutes here, half an hour there ?". Mr. Bishop replied "Those are my instructions." He accepted that the Points of Dispute were "not specific to a particular date" and he took the point that "they are not individual to each item." He said he was "within the generality of the points of dispute." The Master said that there were several options; one was not to permit Mount Eden to challenge the costs "line by line" because the points of dispute had not been fully particularised, another was to give the parties time to try to narrow the issues and thereafter to come back to the court with "amended points of dispute". He said that "as things stand at the moment they are pretty general. Generally the time claimed in these invoices is excessive. It is very difficult to see from Speechly Bircham's point of view how they can address that when the challenge is so general". The Master opted for the second option."
THE CLAIMANT HAD A SECOND CHANCE
The saga continued.
" On 29 November 2012 the Master made an order which required the parties to meet in order to narrow the issues and said:
"If it is the intention of the Claimant to challenge individual items in the breakdown of the Defendant's bills on an item-by-item basis, any disputed item should be identified and attempts made at the meeting to resolve that item. Absent any resolution, the Claimant must set out as briefly as possible in a schedule, those items that remain in dispute (which should be served on the Defendant and a copy filed at court). For the avoidance of doubt, the Claimant's objections are to be limited to those items in the schedule and in the existing Points of Dispute."
vii) Mount Eden provided a schedule on 16 January 2013. It was in an unorthodox form. Instead of identifying the items challenged by reference to the breakdowns of Speechlys bills (where such breakdowns had been requested and provided) the items challenged were identified by reference to Speechlys time sheets. In relation to the time sheets no more than two objections were taken. One was that the item was excessive, the other was that there was no supporting evidence. The letter explained those terms as follows:
" 'Excessive' – this includes our recurring theme that the work often described should only, reasonably, be one unit, rather than the two or more units often charged.
'No supporting evidence' – this includes where either the file is silent as to the work claimed for that particular day, or there is no file note of document supporting the time claimed.
Some items carry ticks in both columns. Here we take the view that both heads apply……."
viii) On 17 January 2013 Speechlys wrote to Mount Eden's solicitors complaining that they relied on two broad headings "but provide no further details as to the particular concerns in relation to each of the entries which are challenged."
ix) The parties met but no agreement was reached."
THE SECOND HEARING BEFORE THE MASTER
Speechleys objected to the second point of disputes on the grounds that they did not comply with the Master's Order. The Master agreed.
"He concluded that the schedule did not comply with his order. In the course of his judgment the Master made the following observations about the November 2012 hearing:
"9. .…..it was obvious from the slow progress made at the hearing that the assessment could not proceed in a way which was proportionate to the court time allotted to it, unless the Claimant put its arguments with more clarity. What the Defendant needed to know was what, precisely, was the case being taken against the firm in the invoices. That was certainly not as clear as it should have been from the Points of Dispute which had been served in order to comply with paragraph 4 of my Order of 5 September 2011. Specifically, the Points had been general in nature…."
"10. ….In my opinion, the Points of Dispute, as they then stood, were unfocussed and discursive. For that reason I stood over the assessment after the short adjournment on the first day of the hearing on 29 November 2012 so that the very experienced costs lawyers for the parties could meet in order to narrow the issues and report back to the court on 7 February 2013. In the event that it did not prove possible at the meeting to resolve their differences, I directed that the Claimant must serve a schedule setting out those items that remained in dispute "as briefly as possible"…."
"11. The intent behind that wording was that the Points (as amended) should not be prolix. That said, it was my belief also that the parties knew full well what was required and that the revised Points should identify precisely what was in issue in the bills. They would have known that not only from the course of the arguments that had taken place before me but also due to the difficulty the court had experienced with the bill that had been assessed through the absence of a focussed set of Points of Dispute."
The Master referred to the Costs Practice Direction paragraph 35 which required the nature and grounds of the dispute to be stated concisely and that where practicable a figure should be suggested as to the sum to be allowed in respect of items in respect of which a reduction is sought. He held that
"21. …….in asserting hundreds of times in relation to items of work that each is "excessive" and that there is "no supporting evidence", the objections fail to comply with the Practice Direction, still less do they enable the Defendant to understand the complaint being made against the work undertaken in anything more than the most general terms, even though the Claimant has had access to all the Defendant's papers. If that were not enough, in most cases no attempt has been made to suggest an alternative figure.""
THE RESULT: THE MASTER STAYED THE ASSESSEMENT
The Master ordered a stay of the assessment (effectively bringing the action to an end). The claimant applied to set that stay aside. That application was refused. Amongst other things the Master observed:
Proportionality considered
"30. Mr Carpenter also expresses concern that if the detailed assessment ends now, his client will not benefit from the reductions he has achieved already, nor from those which would be won on the line-by-line assessment. He also advances the proposition that the Court appears to have pre-judged the outcome of the assessment and has been unduly favourable to Speechly Bircham in treating the risk of the excessive costs that the detailed assessment might involve if it is permitted to proceed, as a point which has weighed against Mount Eden. Again, I disagree. Under the CPR, this assessment proceeds on the indemnity basis so any doubt will be resolved in favour of Speechly Bircham, not Mount Eden. That puts Mount Eden at a disadvantage from the outset. Moreover, it is a fact that I have already decided the five minute unit point against Mount Eden, likewise the recovery of costs from third parties point. Against that factual background, explaining to Mount Eden the realities of the situation which it now faces is, in my opinion, a matter that it is appropriate for the court to raise in furthering the overriding objective. Put differently, the expense of another five days' detailed assessment (even assuming that the Points of Dispute are in order, which they are not) would extinguish any saving that Mount Eden might achieve in reductions to the bills many times over. As Mr Browne has correctly pointed out, proportionality includes both the costs as between the parties and the needs of other Court users (see the speech of Lord Dyson MR 22 March 2013 to the Judicial College). I agree with him that having regard to the facts and circumstances I have described, a stay is appropriate."
THE APPEAL TO TEARE J
The claimant's appeal to Teare J was unsuccessful.
The Master's Order clearly envisaged that the points of dispute would be in the terms of the Costs Practice Direction.
The Master was entitled to find that the points of dispute filed were in breach of both of his orders.
It was not now open to the claimant to assert that they now wanted a more general assessment and not a line by line assessment.
There was every chance that the claimant would score only a Pyrrhic victory. The costs of a 5 day assessment would vastly outweigh any reduction in the bills.
TEARE J'S CONCLUSIONS
"18. The decision to stay the assessment was certainly a robust decision but it was taken in circumstances where it appeared to the Master, for good reason, that the assessment which Mount Eden wished to carry out could not be done at proportionate cost. The Master, when the decision to stay was challenged, gave very full reasons for the exercise of his discretion to stay the assessment. Those reasons included (at paragraph 25) the Master's assessment that, having regard to the background against which the order of November 2012 had been made, Mount Eden "were, or ought to have been, fully aware of the consequences were the schedule not to be admitted." In similar vein he said (in paragraph 26) that "a fair reading of the transcript can lead to only one conclusion, that this was the 'last chance saloon' for Mount Eden and if the Points of Dispute could not be particularised in a form which permitted Speechly Bircham to understand the case being made against the firm at proportionate cost, the assessment could not proceed further and would effectively be at an end." Mr. Carpenter did not specifically challenge these reasons but in so far as the points he made with reference to the transcript were intended to challenge them I was not persuaded that the transcript did not support them. In the circumstances I am not persuaded that the Master's decision to stay the assessment was plainly wrong.
19 Finally, Mr. Carpenter submitted that the decision to stay the assessment was a breach of Mount Eden's rights to a fair trial under Article 6 of the ECHR. This submission was not supported by any reference to the Strasbourg jurisprudence. The Master rejected the submission on the grounds that it was not the court which had frustrated the assessment "but Mount Eden's instructions to Mr. Bishop that it take place line by line, only to be followed by its failure to particularise its complaints in a way which would enable the Court to deal with the case fairly and at proportionate cost." Far from seeking to deny Mount Eden a fair trial the Master had adjourned the assessment to enable Mount Eden to prepare a schedule of amended Points of Dispute so that an assessment of the type required by Mount Eden could take place. Mount Eden failed to prepare the required schedule with the result that the assessment it required could not be conducted at proportionate cost. I was not persuaded that the stay was, in the circumstances, a breach of Mount Eden's Article 6 rights."
THE CLAIMANT'S ACTION REMAINED STAYED: WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED POST-MITCHELL?
It is worth noting that all of this took place prior to the decision in Mitchell –v- NGN. If the matter were being considered today – in the post-Mitchell world – there is every likelihood that a court would conclude that the original points of objection, and certainly the second points of objection, did not comply with the Practice Direction and Order. The claimant, therefore, required relief from sanctions. Such relief would not readily be given. Indeed given that these appeared to be deliberate acts based upon a decision it appears highly unlikely that relief from sanctions would be granted.
LESSONS TO LEARN: PARTICULARLY FOR THOSE DRAFTING POINTS OF DISPUTE
It is clearly essential that points of dispute comply with the Costs Practice Direction.
"8.2 Points of dispute must be short and to the point. They must follow Precedent G in the Schedule of Costs Precedents annexed to this Practice Direction, so far as practicable. They must:
(a) identify any general points or matters of principle which require decision before the individual items in the bill are addressed; and
(b) identify specific points, stating concisely the nature and grounds of dispute.
Once a point has been made it should not be repeated but the item numbers where the point arises should be inserted in the left hand box as shown in Precedent G.
8.3 The paying party must state in an open letter accompanying the points of dispute what sum, if any, that party offers to pay in settlement of the total costs claimed. The paying party may also make an offer under Part 36."
"ADVOCACY" AT ASSESSMENTS GENERALLY
There has not been much consideration of advocacy in relation to assessment hearings. Generally the rule (I have taken soundings on this) appears to be to take every conceivable point. As the Mount Eden case shows this can be counter-productive, even directly harmful to a litigant's case. Further it runs directly contradictory to the principles of advocacy generally, particularly in civil proceedings.
Prepare the case carefully by way of written submissions if necessary.
Pick the best points in your case, abandon the weak and hopeless ones.
Tell the judge why you should win.
Tell the judge why your opponent should lose (only if necessary).
Shut up. Treat the judge's time as being at a premium.
Every major work of advocacy emphasises the need to be selective in the points taken and emphasises brevity as a virtue. "Brevity is the soul of wit for trial lawyers" is one example of many.
It may well be that these issues need to be considered at detailed assessments. Carefully picking the battles you fight can stop you losing the war.
Tags: Civil Procedure Rules, costs, CPR 3.9, Mitchell
← DEFECTIVE WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS: ANOTHER VIEW FROM THE BENCH (USA STYLE)
MITCHELL AND SANCTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW: WAS IT WORTH THE CANDLE? →


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JOSH RAND: STONE SOUR Is Still On Hiatus
Guitarist Josh Rand says that STONE SOUR is still on hiatus, more than five years after the release of the band's last full-length album of original material.
Rand touched upon STONE SOUR's status in an interview this past Thursday (August 4) prior to a performance by his new band THE L.I.F.E. PROJECT at xBk Live in Des Moines, Iowa. Asked by Andy Hall of the Des Moines radio station Lazer 103.3 if there are any updates on STONE SOUR months after Josh said in a previous interview that the band was on hiatus, the guitarist responded: "That's basically still going on. Obviously, Corey [Taylor, STONE SOUR and SLIPKNOT singer]… SLIPKNOT is releasing a record in two months, so there'll be a full tour cycle of that. And then we'll see."
Rand's latest comments come six months after Taylor said that STONE SOUR was "on the back burner" while he focused all of his attention on SLIPKNOT and his solo career. A year and a half after announcing in an interview that STONE SOUR had "run its course," the SLIPKNOT and STONE SOUR frontman elaborated on the latter band's status during an appearance on SiriusXM's "Trunk Nation With Eddie Trunk". He said: "It's on the back burner. It's just one of those things where my mind and my heart are in a different direction. And that's cool.
"I wish everybody in STONE SOUR all the best," he continued. "I still talk to almost all of 'em. But sometimes you've just gotta do what's best for your heart, and that's what I'm doing. So STONE SOUR's on the back burner. But I'm also doing a ton of music. And like I've shown in [my] solo show, if you wanna hear that stuff, that's a great place to hear it 'cause I do a ton of STONE SOUR, I do a ton of SLIPKNOT, do a ton of covers, do a ton of originals for the solo stuff. It's a great show."
STONE SOUR has been off the road and out of sight since completing the touring cycle for its last studio album, 2017's "Hydrograd". Taylor has been working with SLIPKNOT since then, as well as making his debut solo album, "CMFT". A STONE SOUR live album, "Hello, You Bastards: Live In Reno", came out in December 2019.
In August 2020, Taylor said that he was open to doing more recording and touring with STONE SOUR in the future. But he admitted that there had "been some contention here and there" between the members of the band in the past and added that it was "time" for him to "step away" and pursue his solo project for a while.
In June 2020, Corey told "Trunk Nation With Eddie Trunk" about STONE SOUR: "If someday we wanna get back together and do some stuff, it'll be bigger than it was. But for right now, we're all kind of focused on kind of doing our own thing. But you never say never in this business."
In June 2021, Rand told MACHINE HEAD frontman Robb Flynn's "No Fuckin' Regrets With Robb Flynn" podcast about when fans can expect to see the follow-up to "Hydrograd": "There's no timetable for a return, 'cause, honestly, between Corey doing his solo thing, now me working on THE L.I.F.E. PROJECT stuff, Roy [Mayorga, drums] working on MINISTRY… So, there's just no timetable.
"I made a comment [in 2020], and it kind of backfired, because of how I said [STONE SOUR was on an] indefinite hiatus, which, if you know the definition, actually just means it's a long period of time with no timetable of return. I don't know if everybody thought I said 'infinite' instead of 'indefinite.' [Laughs] All of a sudden, the band was, like, over. It was, like, 'Oh my God! It's over.' All I was saying was there's no timetable. It's no different than what we've done in the past. It's just gonna be a longer break."
According to Rand, he and his STONE SOUR bandmates "needed to branch out", "try different shit" and "work with different people" before regrouping to work on new STONE SOUR music. "And then whenever that time is that we get back together, it'll actually be what is best for STONE SOUR," he explained. "There's no doubt about it in my mind. Just having these different experiences for all of us instead of just running that same cycle. I think more so with Corey and myself — like I said, he got to do a solo record where he's doing a different style of music than anybody would have thought of or that wouldn't have fit in STONE SOUR or SLIPKNOT. For myself, working with somebody that's not Corey and Roy. So there's a growth that will be there that we'll ultimately get which will benefit the band. I know some people might not be stoked that it's gonna be who knows when, but it needed to happen, and that's what's best for everybody involved."
Asked how he and the rest of STONE SOUR made the decision to take a longer-than-usual break this time around, Josh said: "I think at the end of the tour cycle, we had a good idea of what was going to happen, where [Corey] wanted to do the solo record. For myself, it's something I kicked around — just having some of the songs that I would musically write that I would never submit into STONE SOUR 'cause I don't feel like it fits at all. So I was kind of on that path to begin with. I just kind of got an extra nudge with him doing his solo record of, 'Hey, this is probably the time to do this.' And then we got hit with the pandemic, which then really locked me into the house. And I was, like, 'What else am I gonna do?' So I just started writing and working on playing piano. I did a bunch of stuff on piano, which some of it will come out, and some of it, it's, like, 'No.' I'll [it] for myself. And that's basically what we did. So we had a good idea, I think, that we were gonna take a longer break at the end of '19. I think towards the end, all of us were just burnt."
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Suspension bushings: Small yet important pieces of your suspension system
By David S. Wallens
Dec 11, 2021 | suspension, Handling, Bushings | Posted in Shop Work , Suspension & Handling | From the Nov. 2013 issue | Never miss an article
Photography Credit: Kevin Adolf
Tires, springs, shock absorbers and anti-roll bars get a lot of attention, but what about those unassuming bushings–you know, the little blocks of rubber tasked with locating all those suspension components day in and day out? Perhaps it's time to think about them.
Just about every mass-produced car has been delivered with rubber bushings. Rubber does a fine job of locating suspension pieces without transmitting too much noise, vibration and harshness. However, there's one small problem with these rubber bushings: They don't last forever. Over time, rubber can crack, split and deteriorate.
Plus, rubber isn't the toughest material ever made. If you're hurtling around the track, would you rather have your suspension parts located by tough, firm bushings or ones that are a bit squishy?
The aftermarket, as usual, has come to the rescue with replacement bushings formed from polyurethane, a stronger, moldable material.
When to Replace
"You should think about your bushings [as] a wear-and-tear part," explains Michael Santa Cruz, director of marketing for urethane bushing maker Energy Suspension. If a handling issue, like poor control or accelerated tire wear, isn't tied to the usual suspects–springs, tires, alignment and shock absorbers–then perhaps the bushings have sheared, worn out or simply given up the ghost. Basically, the suspension elements are moving in ways they aren't supposed to because of a bad bushing.
First, do a visual inspection. Are the bushings still there and in one piece? Then do a dynamic test. "I kick the tire backward–seriously," says Ground Control's Jay Morris. If the tire moves, then perhaps the bushings are no longer doing their job.
While bushing replacement is usually associated with older, higher-mileage cars, that's no longer always the case. Michael Santa Cruz explains that today's heavy, high-horsepower cars can quickly shred the stock rubber bushings. The new Dodge Challenger, he notes, is on that list.
The technological aids found on a lot of these newer cars can help diagnose a bushings issue, too, he continues. Is the ABS or stability control kicking in sooner than expected? If so, perhaps a compromised bushing is allowing something to move outside its planned range.
Photograph Courtesy Energy Suspension
Too Tough for Street?
"The current perception of urethane bushings–at least here in the United States–is that they are hard to install, equate to harsh ride, produce embarrassing squeaks, are a PITA to regrease/maintain, and that the resulting suspension performance and NVH are equal parts tradeoffs," says Tom Phan of bushing maker Whiteline USA.
However, he notes, modern manufacturing techniques and design can cure those issues. Features like pin-holing, tapered contact faces, scallop voiding and pocket knurling can provide the desired performance without harsh degradation of NVH levels.
Energy Suspension's Michael Santa Cruz adds a little perspective: "What's harsh to you is soft to me and vice versa. It's like when you lower your vehicle: It looks better, handles better but doesn't ride better."
The GRM staff's experience? Generally polyurethane bushings create more NVH, but rarely is it objectionable. If you want a factory ride, yes, stick with rubber. If you're redoing your suspension and want to sharpen the handling, then upgraded bushings will often deliver as promised.
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msterbeau New Reader
8/3/20 10:09 p.m.
Next step: Spherical bearings and rod ends. :-)
wspohn Dork
8/4/20 10:49 a.m.
The reason for staying with rubber is that the solid bushes (poly, Delrin etc.) rotate in the suspension components, need some sort of lubrication, and wear themselves as well as the suspension bits they run in. The rubber don't move, they just flex (and of course eventually wear out that way)
The reason for not staying with the old style rubber bushes is that it seems that it is becoming more and more difficult to source decent rubber today. In the old British car world, much (most?) of the rubber bushes come from China or India and while one batch may be great the next may be crapola. Owners are finding that they are changing them again after less than a year on the car when the OEM bushes would last years.
The market is strange - I would gladly pay 3 or 4 times as much for bushes that would last a long time or chrome bits that didn't need to be stripped and rechromed out of the box if they are to last any time at all, but the vendors tell me that people opt for the cheapest part (and then bitch when they get what the paid for). (Hint to MG owners - never use anything but the MGB V8 'metalastic' bonded rubber/steel bushes - they still seem to last well).
Given that, I think that the solid bushes will gain a following, as they offer both bragging rights and reasonable longevity (haven't seen any complaints about the solid bush quality control, but maybe I haven't noticed). Just remember that bushes like that don't make their wear noticeable until it is great enough that it may also require replacement of some suspension bits (I am assuming that no one ever checks anything under their car that doesn't make noise).
ProDarwin UltimaDork
I've never had poly suspension bushings create an objectionable amount of NVH. But in my experience they wear out much quicker :(
Unfortunately, for many vehicles, replacing the rubber bushings is nearly impossible, or stupid expensive, or NLA.
Tyler H (Forum Supporter) GRM+ Memberand UberDork
8/5/20 1:45 p.m.
Polyurethane bushings are often misapplied. It's not NVH, it's the fact that it takes a 20 ton press to get the OE bushing out, and then you can just push a greased up poly bushing in by hand? There is a lot of slop there with poly bushings. They float around on-center and then the take-up is abrupt because they're less compressible than rubber when corner loads build.
If a suspension component moves through more than one plane in it's travels, don't put a polyurethane bushing in it. They're not good in control arms and trailing arms.
Just because it's aftermarket and it's red doesn't mean it's an upgrade.
MrFancypants Reader
Tyler H (Forum Supporter) said:
If the replacement bushing isn't precisely the correct size doesn't that suggest a manufacturing or design issue? I'm fortunate enough that I was able to replace my stock, void filled control arm bushings with solid rubber bushings from a performance model from the same manufacturer. The new bushing was rubber encased in a metal sleeve and with some grease it went in so easily I could have pushed it in by hand (I used a hammer and a block of wood).
Regarding trailing arms.... I don't see why a poly bushing with a metal sleeve through the center and washers on the outside can't work. No twisting forces would be applied to the poly because of the sleeve.
I answered my question by installing the parts (poly bushings in trailing arms). There's zero noise from the poly bushings because there's no actual friction between the bushing and anything else; the bushing exists to fill a void. Just as with the stock rubber piece that was there, there's a metal insert within the bushing that the bolt goes through to secure the arm to the chassis; so it's metal to metal contact.
Handling is improved more than I thought possible; conceptually I understood that toe deflection at the rear would impact how the car turns, but the most noticeable change is how much steering accuracy and response is improved.
I'd have been perfectly happy to use solid rubber instead, but as far as I can tell this isn't a thing that exists.
350z247 Reader
In reply to MrFancypants :
Definitely agree on the steering improvements. I replaced every single bushing on my R53 Mini with poly bushings and any other wear point (ball joints, tie rods, endlinks, etc.), and the biggest difference I noticed was the steering. The rest of the handling and ride didn't really seem to change much, though.
AENfor43
Some of these comments in this article are Good, Bad & just downright Ugly.
I have worked with Energy Suspension for 12 years and now with PROTHANE for 6 years, so I know what I am talking about.
Companies that manufacture performance urethane/polyurethane vehicle suspension bushings exist for several reasons: 1)- to make some money & provide jobs 2)- to provide an alternative to rubber bushings that often wear out soon 3)- to supply automotive enthusiasts with an improvement in bushing and suspension motion control. The last one is really important to GRM readers! Not all bushings and producers are the same as far as proper engineering of the products. Just as that there are good vehicles out there and there are bad. Most of these urethane/polyurethane companies recognize the need for firmer durometer bushings to really help with maintaining important alignment settings under high G-forces enthusiasts demand (motion control). And, there are many, many levels of durometer firmness bushings, specifically chosen for the location of the suspension that these companies select. Two examples: Sway bar end links are the firmest, to improve vehicle roll control enthusiasts demand. On the other hand- tie rod boots are very soft, to hold in rod grease. Other areas of the suspension get different durometer bushings and mounts, such as motor mounts, trans., drivetrain, etc. And on and on. Properly installed, and many times easier to do so than stock rubber replacements, they will not squeak. Use the grease that come with the bushings! Don't forget, for the most part, professional race cars employ metal & hard bushings to maintain control. Way too much for street use.
Number1Gaza GRM+ Memberand Reader
In the true GRM spirit of things, what prevents the budget conscious (challenge or similar) builder from taking a stock bushing with rubber surrounding a steel sleeve, cutting out the rubber, and replacing it with polyurethane? Wouldn't that mostly accomplish the same thing as buying a premade poly bushing?
I know this is done to engine mounts all the time but wouldn't it accomplish the same thing in bushings?
*note: I actually tried this on front lower control arm bushings but without cutting out the rubber. It doesn't work. The movement of the bushing just pushes the poly right out. But in theory if all the rubber was cut out the poly couldn't be pushed out; it would be larger at both ends than in the middle.
frenchyd UltimaDork
In reply to David S. Wallens :
Rubber is fine for the street. But my solution for the race track is to use the odds and ends of aluminum. Cut it in half. Drill a hole at the split line just a tiny bit smaller than the bar. If you don't have a ream the right size wrap a piece of emery paper around the bar and slowly work it to the exact diameter. Then on either side of the bar drill holes to match the bolt pattern of the sway bar mount. One final task, drill a tiny hole to push grease around the bar and put a grease nipple in to grease the bar.
re-drill it bigger or make another set.
Mounts made this way will take stock bars or big tubular racing sway bars.
BRUSH UP ON YOUR BUSHING KNOWLEDGE
Energy Suspension's Michael Santa Cruz shared some helpful, generic bushing tips:
If you're a do-it-yourselfer, plan the installation in steps, as it can be a labor-intensive process. Perhaps do the anti-roll bars one weekend and front control arms the next. You should always do both sides at the same time, though, so the handling remains constant in both directions.
To remove the original bushings, you may need to use heat to break the rubber's bond with the metal housing. Then the bushing can be pressed out easily. Don't roast the old bushings: You don't want to breathe
the smoke.
A one-piece bushing may look larger than the OE part and its housing, but it's designed with the right amount of preload to compress and fit. When installing those new bushings, an arbor press comes in handy.
Polyurethane bushings typically only make noise when they're not correctly installed and lubricated. A rubber bushing on a rotating part–like a control arm–actually twists, whereas a urethane one works more like a bearing in that one part spins inside another. That's why it needs grease, and why it squeaks when dry: It's metal sliding on urethane. Trying to locate a squeaky bushing? A squirt of spray lube can help identify the part that's crying for some grease. Remove each bushing and apply lubricant.
Not sure what you're doing? Call in a shop.
There's more than one supplier for aftermarket urethane bushings in today's market. What questions do you ask when shopping? James Clay, from PowerflexUSA and of BimmerWorld fame, has some suggestions.
Some bushings are dumb, and that's fine. We like them anyway, and they may serve their purpose–this applies mostly to nonmoving parts, like those mounting a subframe to a chassis.
But when the bushing is in a moving arm, we have to care about how it moves. Suddenly, the design requirement goes above occupying the same space as the stock part. Optimally, we want our bushings to let our springs and shocks control the suspension, while the bushings should accommodate that control by moving freely in the designed range–but not allowing movement in the wrong direction. Now that's a smart bushing!
What you need depends on your application. If you are driving a street car, you don't need solid teeth-rattlers installed. However, if you have a competition car, that fine-tuned alignment is going to be significantly compromised when your suspension points flex half an inch under load.
Likewise, some joints are more heavily loaded than others and require a different hardness to resist those forces. Material selection is a balancing act of your performance needs, a specific joint's needs, and sometimes rules requirements–all versus what you can put up with.
What a bushing is made of defines its hardness as well as many of its other characteristics. How is it affected by heat if it is near the header? Is a urethane part like the two-part, mix-it-yourself stuff you can buy, or is it a higher-quality formula? Yes, "urethane" is as broad a term as "tires."
Is the metal in the bushing up for the long term, like a stainless steel or aluminum piece with a proper surface finish? Or is a winter's worth of salt going to leave it looking like the 10-year-old part you just pulled out?
How well will the parts age? Will the metal parts rust and corrode? Look for a good reputation and warranty, as with any other parts you buy. There is a range of durability on the market.
If you have a street or dual-use car, you care about NVH. Race cars have been using fully metallic joints for decades. But if you have a car you take on the street–especially if the passenger seat is occasionally occupied by someone other than a fellow gearhead–you should avoid making it ride like a sled. Smart bushings can deliver the improved handling you want while minimizing added NVH.
CcoVrWW8YUlIhyohPemE8EdPpWmUykxEnnLnZJ9jyRiiMmKthfes26S1fWr5QaOm


The FHISO Board of Directors have prepared a report on our activities in 2018, and our plans and concerns for the future. This is the first time we have prepared a report of this nature, covering all aspects of the organisation, but we intend to produce a report like this annually. We have also published our accounts for 2018. If you'd like to comment on this report, feel free to email the Board or the Technical Standing Committee.
FHISO's Technical Standing Committee is pleased to announce the first public draft of a new standard, Extended Legacy Format (ELF): Date, Age and Time Microformats, or ELF Dates for short. This draft defines microformats for representing dates, ages and times in arbitrary calendars together with how they are applied to the Gregorian, Julian, French Republican and Hebrew calendars in a GEDCOM-compatible manner. It is available as an HTML web page or as a PDF for download.
We welcome comments these, preferably to the tsc-public mailing list. A longer overview of this draft can be read in the the announcement email.
Merry Christmas from all at FHISO, and we wish you an enjoyable New Year.
The FHISO Board met by Google Hangout on 5 June 2018 at 18:05 UTC. Subjects covered included finances, technical work, and outreach.
The FHISO Board met by Google Hangout on 24 April 2018 at 18:00 UTC. Subjects covered included finances, technical work, and outreach.


text:
Povijesna jezgra Vrboske zaštićeno je kulturno dobro, kulturno-povijesna cjelina u sklopu Vrboske na otoku Hvaru.

Opis
Vrboska je smještena na sjevernoj strani Hvara u dnu duboke uvale, na rubu Starogradskog polja. Kao luka stanovnika Vrbanja prvi se put spominje u Statutu iz 1331. godine. Najstariji dio naselja nastao je na južnoj strani zaljeva u 15. stoljeću na predjelu Pjaca, uz crkvu sv. Marije, te na samom dnu zaljeva, na predjelu Padva. Kasnije se gradi niz kuća uz more na sjevernoj strani zaljeva te se obje strane naselja povezuju s tri mostića. Crkva sv. Marije u 17. stoljeću barokizirana je i utvrđena, a s kulom  Kaštilac sjeverno od grada tvori jedinstveni obrambeni sustav. Uz manji broj stilskih kuća gotičkog oblikovanja Vrboska je zadržala obilježja pučke arhitekture 17. – 19. stoljeća.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-7070 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro – kulturno-povijesna cjelina, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "urbana cjelina".

Izvori

Zaštićene urbane cjeline u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Vrboska

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is a game of Lines. You need to arrange three or more (four for Expert mode, five for Master) balls of same colour in a row and they will disappear. To move a ball, click on it and then on the destination cell (you must move a ball even if only one is left). Balls can only move through empty cells. If after your move no balls vanish, a few more appear on the board, until all cells are filled. Sure you will not allow this to happen.


Bullying often has long-term ramifications and can lead to a lifetime of negative effects.
I know a well-educated and outgoing 68-year-old New Zealander who still breaks into a cold sweat and will duck in to any doorway to avoid meeting the person who bullied him at boarding school – more than 50 years ago.
Bullying definitely has very long-term ramifications. As well-known Auckland psychiatrist Dr Jan Reeves says, it can have a lifetime of negative effects.
"Bullying can be very damaging – particularly prolonged and serious bullying, which negatively impacts on kids and can lead to low self esteem, anxiety and depression".
Sadly in this country now (where we have one of the world's worst reputations for school bullying) this culture of bullying is also extending into our adult life with workplace bullying a major problem.
A study recently completed by the Director of the New Zealand Work Research Institute Professor Tim Bentley shows it is likely that most working New Zealanders and Australians will, at some time, be exposed to workplace bullying. This is either directly or as observers.
There has been success overseas with anti-bullying programmes taking a holistic approach. This involves not just the bullies and their victims, but also bystanders who witness the bullying and may get traumatised if they don't react constructively. With this programme bystanders are seen to be part of the solution and encouraged to step-in or report it.
Notably, the Finnish programme called KiVa™ (from the Finnish words "kiusaamista vastaan," meaning "against bullying" and based on extensive research) encourages each individual to be responsible for the school's anti-bullying culture. Reports have been very positive and grades have even improved in participating schools.


Who's your favorite TMNT character? This Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Group 16 oz. Flip-Straw Travel Cup probably as them on it! Cup includes a built-in flip-straw for convenient, on-the-go drinking. Hand wash only. Not dishwasher safe. Do not microwave. Measures 6 3/4-inches tall. Ages 14 and up.


text:
VOCE DI MECHE
Reviews of performing arts with emphasis on young artists and small opera companies.
We are here to encourage the development of gifted young singers and to stimulate the growth of New York City's invaluable chamber opera companies. But we will not neglect the Metropolitan Opera either. Get ready for bouquets and brickbats.
THE DON DONE IN
Suchan Kim, Maestro Teddy Poll, Brace Negron, Sarah Hayashi, Jesus Murillo, Pavel Suliandziga, and Laura León
(Liana Guberman and Paul An not visible)
We have lost count of the number of times we have seen Mozart's meisterwerk Don Giovanni; this year alone we have seen it at least 4-5 times. We never tire of it; the marriage of Mozart's music and Da Ponte's libretto always makes for a great evening--but only if the singing is superb. Bare Opera assembled a stellar group of singers for their current production and we would expect no less of this exemplary company in their fifth season. There was no one onstage who didn't give their all.
Directors always look for something new to say about the reprobate Don--the pussy grabbing predator who uses his position of power to seduce or overcome women, a sociopathic narcissist who has no awareness of other people's feelings, one who will readily betray those who are dumb enough to fall under his spell. If this sounds familiar and relevant to you, dear reader, please know that it does to us as well.
Taking for granted that the performances were uniformly excellent from both dramatic and vocal standpoints, let us take a look at what Stage Director Malena Dayen added to our understanding of the story. Her Don was almost completely lacking in charm; baritone Suchan Kim (a very nice man--trust us on this point) was obliged to search for an inner demon to come up with such a nasty portrayal. Our only opportunity to hear the gentle colors of his beautiful instrument was in the serenade "Deh, vieni alla finestra".
Donna Anna (the splendid soprano Laura León) was the Don's victim-- excuse me, she was a "survivor" in today's parlance--and there was not a whiff of disdain for the loyal Don Ottavio (tenorrific Pavel Suliandziga) who evinced strength of character in place of the usual wimpiness. We have no doubt he will stand by his beloved until her grief abates and they will wed.
Zerlina (portrayed by the winsome Sarah Hayashi) is rather narcissistic herself, wanting to have her cake and eat it too, manipulating the poor Masetto (the excellent Jesus Murillo) who is understandably angry but just as enthralled by her as Donna Elvira is by Don Giovanni, and just as ready to forgive--an interesting parallel.
In this production, Donna Elvira is not a source of amusement but one of those women who just cannot give up on her desire to reform a "bad boy". Soprano Liana Guberman in the role showed a wide range of emotions from rage to forgiveness. We get it. She is complicit in her own misery which we see a lot in women who are taken in by sociopathic men. The vocalism was as fine as the acting.
Bass Brace Negron did a swell job creating the role of Leporello and demonstrated how flunkies can be bought by an artful and deceitful leader. So much of this story resonates with the current political climate.
Paul An made a brief appearance as the Commendatore trying to protect his daughter's honor and later as the statue who invites the Don to dinner in Hell.
There were directorial touches that we liked a lot. Our favorite one found Don Giovanni seducing Zerlina in a partner changing dance that was choreographed by Troy Ogilvie with Emily Morrison's assist.
There were a few minor lapses as well. Changing the duel between Don Giovanni and the Commendatore into the Don stabbing the Commendatore in the back emphasized his evil nature but gave the lie to Donna Anna's anguish about the wound in her father's breast.
Also, if the text involves calling someone over, it seems strange if they are already there. And to say someone has fallen when they are still standing is likewise a minor flaw. But we notice the little things; just can't help it.
There were several omissions or cuts that kept the story moving along without comic relief. We rarely see the scene between Zerlina and Leporello and did not miss it but we must admit that we missed the final scene in which the Don is dining and teasing Leporello who is sneaking food behind his back. We also missed the epilogue in which the moral of the story is reiterated.
In terms of musical values, it seemed criminal to omit "Il mio tesoro" with such a terrific tenor as Mr. Suliandziga on board. Yes, we know that Mozart himself revised his own work to suit the artists available and that only strengthens our case.
Under the direction of Maestro Teddy Poll, the chamber orchestra (string quartet plus bass, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and horn with Laetitia Ruccolo performing the piano part) sounded just right except for the ballroom scene in which there are three types of dance music played simultaneously. There just wasn't enough "manpower" to pull that off.
The major innovation brought by Ms. Dayen was the use of video projections designed by Sangmin Chae. This is an interesting idea to replace sets with video but the results were mixed. The offstage rape scene is always difficult to accept; what woman pursues her would be rapist???? But the video projections during the overture did not do much to illuminate the event. We saw a distorted face and maybe some hands choking a neck.
At one point something was projected that looked vaguely like an apple. We found much of this distracting and puzzling. Our companion kept looking at us and shrugging and peppered us during the intermission with questions we couldn't answer.
The projection of the Commendatore's face in the final scene was projected as an old fashioned "negative" with white and black reversed. It just looked like an ugly mask. And there was a delay between the sound and the visuals that just looked like bad lip-syncing. The presence of the videographers on set and next to the orchestra was distracting and audience members kept twisting around in their chairs.
The work was performed in a large empty space with the audience seated on two opposing sides in two rows, an arrangement providing a sense of intimacy with the story. One minor improvement of such an arrangement might be to angle the chairs a bit toward the center. This is the same problem we observe at the New York Philharmonic in the levels above the orchestra, as well as the side boxes at the Metropolitan Opera House. Just sayin'.
Costumes by Theresa Miles were completely off base and Donna Elvira's was completely unflattering. The only distinguishing feature of the aristocratic women was the headdress--you know, the comb with a mantilla. It seems important to us to mark the difference between the aristocrats and the peasants. A sense of time and place was lacking.
Before we close we would like to acknowledge the contributions of the ensemble: Estelina Syla, Folei Browne, Sarah Blau, Pedro Sequera, Zachary Sebek, and Sanford Leff.
There is only one more performance today and, as of last night, only two seats remaining. Will you be the lucky one?
© meche kroop
Posted by meche at 6:35 AM
Labels: Bare Opera, Brace Negron, Don Giovanni, Jesus Murillo, Laetitia Ruccolo, Laura León, Liana Guberman, Maestro Teddy Poll, Malena Dayen, Mozart, Paul An, Pavel Suliandziga, Sarah Hayashi, Suchan Kim, Troy Ogilvie
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AS THE SCREW TURNS
OF LOVE AND DESIRE
SING FOR ME ARGENTINA!
A JAPANESE LIEBESTOD
SUNDAY AFTERNOON AT THE MORGAN LIBRARY
INTERNATIONAL MASTERS ACADEMY OF OPERA
NEVER LOOK BACK!
IL BARBIERE and EL BARBERO
A TRIP DOWN THE RHINE
OPERA INDEX 2018 AWARD WINNERS RECITAL
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MiNightVet is a leading out of hours service provider and due to expansion, has a vacancy for a Veterinary Surgeon with a passion for Emergency Critical Care work. Based within our Chestergates Hospital in Chester, we are a well-equipped RCVS ECC practice standards hospital and you will be working within a referral setting with a varied and exciting ECC caseload!
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Share this Story: Newspaper chairman resigns after spanking allegations
PMN World
Newspaper chairman resigns after spanking allegations
In this Jan. 25, 2012, photo provided by The Anniston Star, former Anniston Star publisher, H. Brandt Ayers, sits for a portrait in Anniston, Ala. Ayers is being accused of spanking female employees while he was a newsroom executive decades ago. The former editor and publisher at The Anniston Star, used a metal ruler to hit a young female employee in the newsroom in the mid-1970s and had a reputation for spanking other women, according to published reports. Photo by Bill Wilson /AP
ANNISTON, Ala. — The chairman of an Alabama newspaper company resigned Thursday following accusations that he assaulted female newsroom employees in the 1970s by spanking them.
The Anniston Star reports that Brandt Ayers stepped down as chairman of the board of Consolidated Publishing Co. Ayers, now 82, said his resignation was in the "best interests of the newspaper and its mission."
Newspaper chairman resigns after spanking allegations Back to video
At least three women have said that Ayers, then a newsroom executive at the Anniston paper, assaulted them in the mid-1970s, once using a metal ruler. Ayers issued a statement saying he regrets things he did when he was younger. In an earlier interview with his paper, Ayers claimed he was acting on a doctor's advice when he spanked one woman.
Ayers said his wife, Josephine Ayers, will replace him as chairman. She had previously served as vice chairman.
One of the women involved, Veronica Pike Kennedy, said Thursday that, "This was a good first step, but remember, the Ayers family is still in charge of that newspaper chain." She questioned if Ayers' wife, now the new head of the chain, previously knew about the allegations.
Kennedy said she was working in the newsroom on a Saturday morning more than 40 years ago when Ayers asked her to read one of his columns and she jokingly asked who had written it.
Kennedy said Ayers responded that she was a "bad girl" and that, "You know what I do to bad girls? I spank them." Kennedy said Ayers then forcibly removed her from her chair and hit her 18 times with a metal ruler.
Ayers became a nationally known voice of Southern liberalism during his tenure as editor and publisher of the Anniston paper.


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This vehicle is $1,308 ABOVE MARKET (4%) in the Waterloo area. It is analyzed against similar 2014 Jeep WRANGLER UNLIMITED's and is based on kilometers, transmission, trim, and options.


This 100% hand knotted, human hair, short layered cut wig combines the natural looking hairline of a Sheer Indulgence lace front cap for off the face styling with cool, light comfort of the Sheer Indulgence monofilament top, plus the added styling versatility of human hair.
Suitable for Oval, Round, Square, Diamond, Pear and Heart shaped faces.
Length: Front 4.5", Crown 5", Side 4", Back 5", Nape 4.25"


1. Kuhlmann L, Lehnertz K, Richardson MP, et al. Seizure prediction - ready for a new era. Nat Rev Neurol, 2018, 14(10): 618-630.
2. 贾建平. 神经病学, 第8版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018: 349.
3. 金凯, 陈晓敏, 赵刚. 椎管内支气管源性囊肿的诊断与治疗. 中国微侵袭神经外科杂志, 2017, 22(10): 469-471.
4. 郑红, 彭东红. 支气管源性囊肿的研究进展. 国际儿科学杂志, 2016, 43(12): 945-948.
5. 林明友, 曾巨浪, 夏四元. 左额叶支气管源性囊肿一例. 中华放射学杂志, 2001, 35(1): 23.
6. Stubenvoll F, Beschorner R, Danz S, et al. Fronto-laterally located supratentorial bronchogenic cyst: case report and review of the literature. Clin neuropathol, 2006, 25(3): 123-127.
癫痫合并支气管源性囊肿一例[D]. 南京医科大学附属南京市儿童医院 神经内科(南京 210000), 2019.
癫痫合并支气管源性囊肿一例. Diss. 南京医科大学附属南京市儿童医院 神经内科(南京 210000), 2019.
(2019). 癫痫合并支气管源性囊肿一例. (Doctoral dissertation, 南京医科大学附属南京市儿童医院 神经内科(南京 210000)).


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Geographical Index > United States > Alabama > Walker County > Report # 27459
Report # 27459 (Class A)
Submitted by witness on Wednesday, March 17, 2010.
Motorist sights dirty-white upright creature near the town of Kansas
DATE: 12
STATE: Alabama
COUNTY: Walker County
NEAREST TOWN: Kansas
NEAREST ROAD: hwy118
OBSERVED: On friday march 12 at around 6pm I was going home from the store and when I started to turn off the highway I noticed something white quating down on the side of the highway near the creek about 30-40 yards ahead of me so at that time instead of turning I went on toward it to see what and if I was really seeing what I thought I was seeing and as I got within about 10 yards of it, it stood straight up and turned around slowly and walked into the woods real calm and at that time I couldn't believe what I had just saw. The thing was very large, dirty white, taller than the street sign that was near, and fury and I could tell it was not human or anything I had ever seen before, it scared me so bad I had tears in my eyes and started shaking and at that time I went straight home and told my husband about it.
OTHER WITNESSES: none
OTHER STORIES: Yes my sisterin law seen something white stand up from behind the dog pin that was whiteish looking back in the 90s, and my husbands cousin seen something black quat down behind a tree about 2-3 miles through the woods from where I seen my sighting and there are old tells that my husband has told me about something that people said use to live in the old mines that is now a hunting club that was whiteish looking and looked about 7-8 feet tall and they called it bozo, and he has heard several other people talk about seeing something within this area.
TIME AND CONDITIONS: it was around 6:00pm central and it was a clear evening right before dark.
ENVIRONMENT: A couple of creeks, several old ponds, hunting club nearby with several thousands acres with clear cuts and heavily areas of woods.
Follow-up investigation report by BFRO Investigator Kevin Smykal:
Upon interviewing both the witness and her husband, these additional details came forth...
There was frenzied night-time barking by neighborhood dogs for 3 consecutive nights prior to the sighting. The barking continued the following night and then stopped.
Unusual vocals described as a very deep, powerful, echoing scream or holler were heard.
The area used to be heavily mined years ago and still has some exposed mine entrances. It contains thousands of acres of heavy forests and swamps consisting of pine and hardwoods with ample food sources of vegetation and wildlife, including many deer.
There are also several nearby creeks and ponds.
This area also has a rich history of sightings, including the sightings of the same or other dirty-white individuals along with dark colored creatures. As mentioned in the report, her husband's sister also had an encounter with a white creature when she was 10 years old. See Report #27480.
The witness was so startled by the initial encounter that she jerked her leg while in the driver's seat and broke one of her flip-flops. Her husband reported that when she got home she was terrified and shaking, with tears in her eyes.
She described its hair as being fairly unifom in length, except on the head, where it was much longer. Although she got within 10 yards of the creature, she did not get a good look at its face because at this time she was looking at it through the rear-side window which is darkly tinted.
About BFRO Investigator Kevin Smykal:
Kevin Smykal is a mechanical contractor in northern Florida.
He attended the following BFRO expeditions:
2006 Central Florida (Lake County)
2007 Central Florida Private Expedition
2008 South Florida Expedition
He helped organize the 2008 North Florida Expedition and is assisting with the organization of the upcoming 2009 Central Florida Expedition
He helped organize the 2011 & 2012 North Florida expeditions.


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"Palomo Spain presented yesterday its Spring/Summer 2018 collection, the fifth one of the designer Alejandro Gómez Palomo, creative director of the brand.
The Wellington Hotel has been the place selected to present this collection titled "Hotel Palomo". The designer conceives the space of the hotel as the meeting point for all those characters, living together in a stage that calls for elegance, no matter the status or the origin of those individuals. Alejandro reclaims a personal dressing way and the comfort of every character with the style he/her has selected for him/herself.From the hotel manager, the bell boys, the cook, or the chambermaids, to the Arab sheikess or the heir of a metallurgical empire. Going through the drug dealer, the prostitute, the cowboy and the tennis player, to the final look, the bride, a recurring character in the brand's shows.
Alejandro created a plot that starts as the hotel awakens and ends up in a party at night.
Completing the look of the characters, the designer has made his first incursion in the world of complements, launching his first collection of bags. They go from the everyday basic, an instant classic, to the evening bag, including a travel bag that defies gravity.
Palomo has also chosen KALEOS EYEHUNTERS as the accessories brand for his SS18 show. Fossey, Wallace, Marron and Hancock were the four sunglasses models chosen by the designer. A selection that gives emphasis, force and a seventies glamorous look that evokes the nights in the most interesting Hotels of the New York scene.


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Samokřídlo je typ letounu, který nemá žádné samostatné vodorovné řídící plochy. Čisté samokřídlo se často považuje za aerodynamicky nejefektivnější konstrukční konfigurace s pevnými nosnými plochami.

Protože postrádá konvenční stabilizační plochy, trpí samokřídlo zhoršenou stabilitou letu a sníženou ovladatelností. To vede ke kompromisům v letových vlastnostech. Konečný návrh proto může být nevhodný a nebezpečný pro určité účely, jako je například komerční letectví.

Posádka a užitečné zatížení musí být umístěni v křídle a takovéto křídlo bude mít zvětšenou čelní plochu, což může mít za důsledek nárůst odporu až do takové míry, že odpor bude větší než u konvenčních konstrukcí s křídlem a úzkým trupem. S rostoucí rychlostí (kolem mach 1) u křídel s tlustým profilem výrazně roste odpor, a proto nebylo nikdy sestrojeno samokřídlo, které by dosahovalo nadzvukových rychlostí.

Dalším známým problémem samokřídla je klopení a zatáčení. Každé letadlo, které má letět bez konstantní korekce, musí mít směrovou stabilitu při zatáčení. U samokřídla musí být jakákoliv vertikální ovládací plocha umístěna přímo na plochu křídla. Oproti klasické konstrukci tak ovládací síle chybí patřičné rameno, kterým je délka trupu od těžiště letounu k jeho ocasu. Tím se zmenšuje účinnost regulace a plocha stabilizátoru musí být tím pádem podstatně větší než u klasické konstrukce, což navyšuje jeho odpor a také hmotnost. Proto se nabízí metoda navýšení odporu na jedné straně křídla poblíž jeho konce. Toho lze docílit například spoilery, nebo podélně rozdělenými křidélky, které vytvářejí vzduchovou brzdu. Tímto řešením však vzniká odpor při zatáčení, což výrazně snižuje efektivitu.

Samokřídla používají speciální takzvané "autostabilní profily". Tyto profily se snaží přesunout klopivý moment do větších úhlů náběhu, a to je pravý opak než u profilů konvenčních letounů. Většinou se můžeme setkat se šípovitým uspořádáním křídel zřídka i s křídlem přímým. Těžiště SAT bývá nejčastěji před ¼ čáru.

NASA v současnosti testuje modely samokřídel a možnost adaptace samokřídel do civilního letectví, společnost KLM představila vizi Flying V což je samokřídlo pro komerční užití, v roce 2020 provedla úspěšný test modelu.

Konstruktéři

 Walter a Reimar Hortenovi
 Jack Northrop

Některá samokřídla
 Baynes Bat
 Delta I (Lippisch)
 Horten Ho 229
 Northrop YB-35
 Northrop YB-49
 Northrop B-2 Spirit
 Storch I (Lippisch)
 Storch II (Lippisch)
 Storch III (Lippisch)

Externí odkazy

Letecká terminologie


Experience is a beautiful, and beautifully strange book, and it is unlike anything one expected. One feared a trough of plaint: either a sad, Gosse-like reckoning with the father; or an angry, journalistic reckoning with those journalists who have hunted Amis from tooth to tooth.
But Experience is not quite a memoir, nor is it quite a portrait of his father, nor is it really an autobiography. It is an escape from memoir; indeed, an escape into privacy. In the very book which might, at first glance, seem most exhibitionist, most shamelessly metropolitan, Amis has softly retreated to the provinces of himself.
His book often reads like a letter to his family and closest friends. It is sometimes embarrassing to read; the ordinary reader feels voyeuristic, at times almost uninvited, but very moved. What seems at first just gossip and guestlists - sprays of names offered without explanation, diaristic footnotes, a refusal to universalise - soon becomes a kind of tender defiance, as if Amis wanted the book to vibrate with an atmosphere of wounded privacy.
Thus Experience has an undulating, open-ended form, something like a notebook whose pagination has been erased. Obvious chronology is scrambled, so that at any page or two we might move from the mid-1990s back to Amis's earliest childhood days, forward to the 1970s, then forward to the moment at which Amis is writing the book itself, and so on.
The book's reminds us that, in an inversion of the usual adage, life is lived backwards but is thought forwards. For we are always thinking forwardly: what next?; yet more often than not what comes next has already been decided by the court of our past, so we must live backwardly. Amis's book is imbued with this sense of the past, especially childhood, as a future already determined.
One such determinism - it is the book's major theme - is that innocence will necessarily become experience, song turn to growl. This will happen gradually, as life teaches us its experience. But, as Amis describes it, that change happened savagely and very quickly to him, in 1994 and 1995. These years are the book's pregnable pivot, the wound to which the text recurs again and again.
Also around this time, Amis lost an old friend (Julian Barnes), an old agent (Pat Kavanagh), separated from his wife and two children, became horribly famous for his teeth (not, of course, the extraction of a few molars, but the reconstruction of his entire jaw), and lost his father, who died in November, 1995. He also learned that he was the father of a 17-year-old daughter, Delilah Seale, whom he had never met. Amis did not really collapse so much as die into middle age. Innocence had been vandalised. His tears, as the Psalmist has it, had become his meat, day and night.
These experiences are wrought in a rich and sedimented prose that displays all of Amis's usual powers of nimble paradox (a chemist that smelled of "decaying penicillin", a tennis court strewn with "shop-fresh garbage"), with wonderful plumage and peacockery: his head, during toothache, "TV-shaped with swellings", or the delicious sentence used to describe his father's stately, plump fall on the Edgware Road: "It was a work of colossal administration."
Yet as the book describes Kingsley's last days in hospital, Amis knows how to dilute his tangs, and let a flatter, harder prose report the inevitable: "How hard it is to die. You have to chase it, panting." And finally, this bony epitaph, as Martin looks at his father's corpse: "It is 1995 and he has been there since 1949." What is so moving is the rightful selfishness of those dates: he does not write "since 1922", which would be Kingsley's birthdate, but "since 1949", which is his own - for his is the reality that now matters.
The book's oblique patterns educate us in the ways that the past contains the seeds of its future. For instance, we read of Kingsley Amis's divorce from Martin's mother, and Kingsley's second divorce from Martin's stepmother; we already know, because of the book's switchback form, that Martin's divorce will follow many years later. Likewise, in the course of the book, a daughter is lost (the Partingtons' daughter) and a daughter found (Delilah Seale), and a daughter birthed (his baby daughter with his new wife, Isabel Fonseca). And a father is lost, while a father-substitute (Saul Bellow) is found. And through it all, the fearful symmetry of father and son: one writer begetting another.
This layering of incident allows Amis, most beautifully, to touch the hems of his themes without dragging too strongly on them. When, for instance, Martin regrets that he lost touch with his stepmother after her divorce from Kingsley, he laments "our vanished relatedness, cancelled by law but not by feeling". Yet that tiny elegy speaks forward too, perhaps, to another, later vanished relatedness, that between Martin and his first wife, Antonia Phillips. There is a sense in which Amis is continually speaking through people to other people in this book, a sun happy to be outshone by their moons. This self-dimming is something new and unexpected in his work, and suggests a new emotional climate.
As Nabokov does in his memoir, Speak, Memory, so Amis buries his patterns deep in the aesthetic textures of his book. At one point, he tells us that a local Italian restaurant serves a dish which might be translated as "from grandmother's handbag". There is a joke that one might as well fancy "a plate of hairgrips and DentuFix". The book has, not surprisingly, established teeth as one of its themes of hardship: there is a funny riff about the indignity of Martin's having to buy Steradent for his dentures. Thus "Dentufix". But why "hairgrips"?
Seventy-four pages later, we learn in a footnote that Lucy Partington's body was found with rope, packing tape, and "two hairgrips". So a plate of "hairgrips and DentuFix" is, essentially, a plate of experience, a plate of pain. From such painful, painstaking pebbles, such subtleties of detail and implication, is this fine, affecting book built.


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T2 Trainspotting, the belated sequel to Danny Boyle's 1996 masterpiece Trainspotting, was screened in London last night and the critics have had their say. Some chose to sink into the warm glow of nostalgia, others plumped their needles and went for the jugular.
Writing for Scottish paper The Daily Record, Chris Hunneyset acknowledged that "T2 understands it won't capture the youthful zeitgeist the way Trainspotting did." Yet in summation he reckoned: "The sharp and funny script chooses to honour the characters by allowing them to mature disgracefully while still being sympathetic towards them." No stars, because The Daily Record doesn't do stars but he seemed to be into it.
I'm going to stop reading reviews of #T2trainspotting now,or its going to make the next seven days feel like forever….
Writing for Digital Spy, Rosie Fletcher was less forgiving: "It's bathed in nostalgia. It references Trainspotting constantly, but rather than reigniting the subversive, energetic flame, it just makes you miss it… The trouble is it doesn't go anywhere." In a savage parting blow, she suggested, "Choose DVD." Ouch!
Empire's Ian Freer gave it three stars, saying "it rides along similar lines but it is just not quite as good", while The Telegraph's Robbie Collins matched the score and wrote that "there's no chance of [T2 Trainspotting] matching… [the original's] legacy, but it won't tarnish it either: though the film feeds on its forerunner, it's worthwhile on its own terms." A mixed bag, then. Still not sure what to think? Choose The NME verdict.


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text:
US business lobby says most firms favour tariffs while China trade talks underway
Tue, Feb 26, 2019 - 5:07 PM
Chamber president Alan Beebe said 47 per cent of members wanted the US government to "advocate more strongly" for a level playing field for US businesses in the world's second-largest economy.
[BEIJING] A top US business lobby in China said on Tuesday that a majority of its member companies favoured the United States retaining tariffs on Chinese goods while Washington and Beijing try to hammer out a deal to end a months-long trade war.
The American Chamber of Commerce in China also said that over the past year substantially more of its members want the US government to push Beijing harder to create a level playing field for US businesses.
US President Donald Trump said on Monday that he may soon sign an agreement with Chinese President Xi Jinping to end the trade dispute if their countries can bridge remaining differences, saying negotiators were "very, very close" to a deal.
That followed Mr Trump's announcement a day earlier that he would delay a tariff hike on US$200 billion of Chinese goods and extend his March 1 deadline for a deal. Washington is demanding an end to the theft of trade secrets and practices that coerce US companies to turn over technology to Chinese firms.
About 10 per cent of the chamber's members favoured raising tariffs rates on those US$200 billion of Chinese goods from 10 per cent to 25 per cent after the original March 1 deadline agreed to by Mr Trump and Mr Xi in December.
SEE ALSO: Erdogan: Turkey is ready to take over Syria's Manbij
Another 43 per cent advocated maintaining tariffs at 10 per cent and delaying the increase for 60 days while negotiations continued, the chamber said at a briefing on its annual China business climate survey.
"There are mixed feelings about the tariffs, but a majority are in support of the tariffs continuing at the present time," chamber chairman Tim Stratford said at the briefing.
"People don't like tariffs, and that's truly understandable. But they also think that maybe the tariffs have done some good in provoking very serious negotiations between the two sides," Stratford told Reuters earlier.
"That figure is almost twice what it was a year ago," Mr Beebe said.
The chamber said 19 per cent of its companies were adjusting supply chains or seeking to source components and assembly outside of China as a result of tariffs. Twenty-eight per cent were delaying or cancelling investment decisions in China.
Mr Trump's decision to delay the tariff increase has been greeted with a mixture of relief and dread among US industry groups and lawmakers, many of which are increasingly fed up with what they say is China's failure to live up to its World Trade Organization commitments.
Some have expressed concerns that after nearly eight months of tit-for-tat tariffs roiling global financial markets, disrupting manufacturing supply chains, and shrinking US farm exports, Trump could end up settling for a deal that increases commodity sales to Beijing while doing little to change China's underlying trade practices and industrial policies.
In his Feb 5 State of the Union address, Mr Trump said a China trade deal "must include real, structural change to end unfair trade practices, reduce our chronic trade deficit, and protect American jobs."
But as the March 1 deadline drew closer, Mr Trump has appeared increasingly eager to make a deal, causing concerns among trade watchers that he was eroding US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer's leverage in the talks.


First of all, begging is not really going to help people buy your gigs.
Market your gig. Love buys you nothing here.
Love buys you nothing here.
Oh Markus, Markus…you are breaking my heart!
I agree with the above posters, try to market and proof read your gigs better, you'll be surprised by how far it'll take you!


The size of the meals is of course adapted to the person's needs. The mentioned intake of wine is also to make it easier for the very sick to put the painkillers on the shelf.
Only honey, dates, figs, fruit juice [Verma: stevia leaf powder] are used as sweeteners.
Choose organic products to a reasonable extent.
The flaxoil must be organic and cold pressed.
papaya fruit is recommended. A reason for this is the protein splitting enzyme papain.
Cancer fighting herbs: Here are some herbs that may be used in connection with meals. There are plenty more.
Pain relieving natural substances. There are many more.
Corydalis (Yan Hu Suo), but should not be taken by pregnant or nursing women.
The following contains various sections that explain the procedure for Budwig diet.
Budwig indicated several options depending on the degree of disease.
For the slightly stronger is consumed in addition to the below in the morning fresh carrot juice, and otherwise fresh juices as needed e.g. from carrots, celery with apple, beetroot with apple.
The severely ill have the most benefit from sticking to the simplest, oat soup and herbal tea.
At most three days with oat soup or porridge as needed with freshly ground flaxseeds possibly. sweetened with a little honey. Every day at least three meals with a total of up to 200 g of freshly ground flaxseed.
In addition, a hot drink at least three times a day. day, for example herbal tea or green tea, if any. sweetened with a little honey. Peppermint, rosehip and cheese are good herbs in a tea.
If food is difficult to ingest, freshly ground flaxseed mixed with honey in juice can be used in a transitional phase. See Linomel.
1 glass of sauerkraut juice improves fat absorption through the intestinal wall and digestion as a whole, and which has many other excellent properties.
Freshly ground flaxseed under the cream.
First one cup of herbal tea or occasionally green/black tea. You may sweet with little honey. Lemon juice can be added.
Omega3 cream for breakfast is described on the intro page.
Now the Omega3 cream is made with 15 g (2 tablespoons) freshly coarse ground flaxseed, and also with, e.g., seasonal berries, fruit pieces from, e.g. apple, banana, peach, abricot, pear, etc. As variation with e.g. fruit juice, rosehip juice, sea buckthorn juice, a few (grinded) nuts, fruit pulp from blending, raisins, etc.
If it is possible, the meal should be eaten immediately, as the freshly ground flax begins to become rancid in the air after 10-15 minutes. The flax seeds can be partially protected underneath – or mixed with Omega3 cream.
One glass of fresh vegetable juice e.g. from carrots, variations with apple or celery, celery with apple, beetroot with apple, radish, nettle juice with lemon. Carrot with beetroot is good for the liver and a strong cancer combatant. Beetroot alone is too powerful. Balance is important.
14 g (1 tablespoon) of flaxseeds freshly grounded is stirred into pure fruit juice or perhaps in champagne or sparkling wine.
1. Salad dish with Omega3dressing described on the intro page.
As, salad can be used: dandelion, celery, radish, sauerkraut, horseradish, green pepper, puffer sugar, roman salad, spinach. [Iceberg doesn't seem intense enough.] Sprouts are excellent, especially home grown. It is also worth considering grated vegetables, such as carrots, cabbage of some kind and root vegetables. Can be seasoned with lemon juice, mustard powder [cautious], cress, oregano, thyme, dill, parsley etc. furthermore e.g mustard, sour pickles – according to your own taste. Himalayan salt can be used. By varying with different herbs and spices, new surprises that can make the dish particularly appealing are always possible.
2. Cooked or steamed vegetables. This may include, for example, potatoes, rice with shell, buckwheat, millet. Oat- meal or soup can also be used.
Served best with electron butter and herbs. Occasionally a good soy sauce is an option. Potatoes go well e.g. with chives and caraway.
3. Dessert can be a fruit salad, possibly. with a teaspoon of vodka, rum or fruit brandy.
Juice with or without 2 tbsp. freshly ground flaxseed.
Sugar must always be avoided.
It is permissible to drink a glass of red wine. sweetened with honey.


text:
NTS celebrates multi-million-dollar test building
NTS' Santa Clarita laboratory's new multi-million-dollar dynamics test building, which houses a new, large-force T-4000 dual shaker system. Courtesy
National Technical Systems Inc., which provides qualification testing, inspection and certification services, recently celebrated the grand opening of its multi-million-dollar dynamics test building at its Santa Clarita laboratory.
The secure test building houses a new, large-force T-4000 dual shaker system, which is critical for helping customers in the race to space, according to a news release issued by NTS.
"We are delighted to continue in the 60-year history commitment to our customers to ensure the best test experience possible," Francisco Palop, director of operations at NTS Santa Clarita, said in a prepared statement.
Representatives from space, aviation and defense companies, including Blue Origin, Boeing and Lockheed Martin, were there to witness the unveiling, including Chahriar Assad, chief scientist and technical fellow at Boeing, who said, "The qualification and testing of hardware for space flight systems is unique, extensive and complicated; and is a mandatory, critical step in delivering the safest and most reliable systems for space exploration. NTS is one of a select few companies that is trusted to test the flight hardware needed for travel to space."
NTS' dual-shaker systems have been used to qualify components for nearly every space launch platform, including the Space Shuttle, Atlas, Delta IV and Space Launch System.
The NTS Santa Clarita Lab is a massive test facility with advanced dynamics, environmental, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic testing capabilities to meet the most extreme testing challenges for military, aviation and space projects and programs, per the release.
The Signal delivers press releases from reliable sources to provide up-to-the-minute information to our website readers. Information directly from news sources has not been vetted by The Signal news room. It may appear subsequently in news stories after it has been vetted.
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'And…Again' on stage at The Main Jan. 28-30