ALT-C 2009 Session: This Cloud has been set up to aggregate live blogs, comments, discussion and links for this session.
Steve up first with VLEs not fit for purpose argument.
Steve starts off in non-controversial mode: E in elearning stands for 'evil' and VLE is the great satan.
VLE is funnel type learning, quotes Illych. VLE homogonises content - one size does not fit all. The VLE is owned by institution - not by students, and learners need to own tools. Not very good at discursive style learning. Does a VLE make economic sense when you can get free tools? Tools need to be agile, and VLEs are cumbersome.
Now Graham Attwell is up, talking about PLEs. Technology is shaped by people, will look at how we got to the VLE situation (and how we can get out of it).
Talks about industrialisation of education, schools were made to be like factories. Argues that school system is now dysfunctional. Technology that came in and was then based on paradigm of existing (broken) model of education. We got take-off of education during the web which was also the period of managerialism (outputs, targets, throughput, etc). VLE comes out of this era, to manage learning (not to promote learning/exploration, etc).
Show of hands - who uses VLE when they want to learn something (1 hand). Who uses Google? (everyone). So why do we force this technology on students.
Changes now - social media - shaped by learners, overcomes the divide between the environment and learning. PLE represents an opportunity to overcome this divide.
James Clay up now - says everyone has been saying the VLE is dead for ages. Uses Graham's poll agains him - who uses lectures at their university? Who goes to a lecture to learn anything?
Makes argument that only 2% of population are signed up to Facebook, and that Google generation is a myth. Says VLE provides guidance and framework. Allows learners who are wary and cautious to have a safe way in (and also educators). The reality is that many ed tech people don't use these technologies.
Does quick survey - who blogs three times a week or sends a video to YouTube once a week? (not many but his rate is quite high I think).
Nick Sharratt - Defending VLE - students aren't pushing for it. They don't expect innovation from their universities, but do want robustness and quality. So why do we want to get rid of it? Maybe because some people feel shackled, or like to play with new things. Frustration with VLE may be misplaced problems from elsewhere eg you aren't being supported well enough.
Could end up with Heath Robinson site where everything looks messy. Also social media sites are number one target for attacks. VLE provides safe haven.
VLE is necessary, and if we see shortcomings then it's up to us to build that future.
Discussion is underway on the topic, waiting for the symposium 'VLE is (not) dead', hosted by the University of Wolverhampton, City Campus, 16th December 2009.
To join in the pre-event discussions on Twitter use #vleundead.
This cloud will host resources and links to blog posts as soon as materials will be available.
Thank you to everyone who has written a blog entry on this topic and everyone who has signed up to attend the Symposium.
Lol like the trailer James - so wish I could attend the debate - reckon it's going to be a heated one!!!!
Interesting point about the level of usage of the technoloiges by us (ie those who are supposed to be in the field) and what this means if you extrapolate to the wider community.... Whilst I am not a massive fan of VLEs I can see they have a use (for now at least) and again for me what's more important is what they are being used FOR. I must say I find the moodle site for my Spanish course fine - it has all the materials, access to other students to share angst stories on the forum and important admin notices, does what I need it to do in other words.
Yep looked like fun from a distance - followed some on the videostream but then stopped working, but was good to get a feel of it from the comments in here and on twitter. Sounds like you lot are having fun!
Just to note (as Rebecca has already added the link) that the video I shot (in addition to the stream) is now available on my blog.
(from learninglab site) "Originally delivered at ALTC 2009, this discussion has since moved forward, opinions have changed, divided and developed so it could now be argued that VLE's are undead - an entity which was once alive, has since died but continued to carry some life like characteristics."
dave foordr: Why it doesn't really matter if VLE is dead, undead or alive?
or join the Ning site.
Additional links and resources on the right column.
Thanks to @antoesp (Antonella Esposito) and others who have put all the links and thinks on this together.


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This mom lost more than 100 pounds and celebrated by crossing the finish line of a Tough Mudder
world news yahoo news Thursday 02nd January 2020 09:31 AM
This mom lost more than 100 pounds and celebrated by crossing the finish line of a Tough Mudder originally appeared on goodmorningamerica.com
Welcome to GMA's New Year, Best You. As we ring in the new year, we are sharing everything you need to start the new year strong. From keeping your New Year's resolutions going to Instagram-worthy meal prep to workout programs to eating plans to taking time for yourself, we have it all covered.
Angela Colabucci describes herself as someone who was overweight her entire life.
The 30-year-old decided to make a change two years ago after giving birth to her son.
(MORE: 5 tips from a woman who lost more than 200 pounds)
Today, Colabucci has lost nearly 130 pounds and celebrated her weight loss by completing a Tough Mudder obstacle race in November in her home state of California.
"If you had told me 10 years ago that I would run a 10-mile obstacle race I would have said, "No, there's no way I could do that," Colabucci told "Good Morning America." "Now, I just go for it."
Colabucci, an office administrator in the pharmaceutical industry, started her weight loss journey in early 2017 by committing to be active every day.
"That was my first goal, just 30 minutes of cardio, either on the Stairmaster or walking because those were easiest on my joints," she said. "At my heaviest, around 280 pounds, I had to just walk because I couldn't run even a mile."
Colabucci also began to change her mindset on food.
"I didn't think about what I was eating, just whatever sounded good at the time I would eat," she said of her "before" diet. "A lot of processed foods, anything that I felt like."
PHOTO: Angela Colabucci, 30, of Oceanside, Calif., transformed her diet and lifestyle to lose weight. (Courtesy Angela Colabucci)
She asked a friend in dietetics school to teach her about portion size and began to pay attention to both what and how much she was eating. She also cut out sugar and refined carbs -- going for an all-or-nothing approach to her diet.
"I just told myself that I don't eat that," she said, referring to sugar and carbs. "That was the first mental change I had to make."
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(MORE: I eliminated all my favorite foods from my diet for 30 days -- and survived)
Now, Colabucci focuses on eating a high-protein diet and allows herself quality carbohydrates like black beans and sweet potatoes. On a typical day she said she'll eat an apple and peanut butter for breakfast, a salad with protein for lunch and a chicken breast and vegetables for dinner.
"I feel so much better," she said. "I get sick less and I just have a completely different relationship with food."
PHOTO: Angela Colabucci, 30, of Oceanside, Calif., poses with her son. (Courtesy Angela Colabucci)
Colabucci found a gym with daycare so she could workout outside the home, and found inspiration after the rush of resolution-makers in January had faded away.
"I noticed the gym was now empty and I thought all these people have fallen off and I'm still here," said Colabucci, who added strength training and running to her exercise regime. "I wanted to prove them wrong. I was still there."
She also found ways to make her new lifestyle work. If she knows she cannot work out after work, Colabucci squeezes in something during her lunch break.
When she got tired of meal prepping, Colabucci switched to packing up her leftovers from dinner for lunch the next day.
"Time is going to be your best friend and your enemy," she said. "It's so easy to say, 'I don't have time to do this,' but there are so many ways to make it work."
"And changes take time to see, so even if you're seeing changes on the scale, it can be demotivating if you don't feel like it's noticed," added Colabucci, who took photos of herself every month for motivation. "But if you keep going, it'll happen."
Most importantly for Colabucci, she can now keep up with her son and has made healthy eating habits part of the norm for their family.
"I can definitely keep up with my son now and he's exposed to a lot more healthy foods," she said. "I feel happy, finally."
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Linklaters advises as Egypt raises $4bn in bond issue
Richard O'Callaghan - Cecil Quillen
Linklaters has advised on the recent $4bn bond issue by the Egyptian sovereign. The bonds were issued at three maturities with a five-year and 10-year tranche raising $1.25bn each and a 30-year tranche raising $1.5bn.
The bonds are listed solely on the London Stock Exchange, taking the total number of African sovereign bonds listed in London to 19, including those by Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria and Zambia.
Richard O'Callaghan, Capital Markets partner at Linklaters, says:"We were delighted to assist. This successful trade not only signals a vote of confidence in the Egyptian sovereign as a regular borrower in the international markets, but also shows that investors' search for yield is pushing them to expand their appetite for risk."
Linklaters advised Citigroup, First Abu Dhabi Bank, HSBC Bank, J.P.Morgan and Morgan Stanley as the joint lead managers on the deal. The team was led by Capital Markets partners Richard O'Callaghan and Cecil Quillen.
Linklaters also recently advised on the establishment of a Global Medium Term Note Programme for the Government of the Sultanate of Oman, and on the issuance of three series of bonds under it, totalling $6.5bn.
Press Office UK
Thomas Gilbert
Head of External Communications
(44 20) 7456 5063 thomas.gilbert@linklaters.com
Peter Otero
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(44 20) 7456 3242 peter.otero@linklaters.com
Surinder Sian
+442074564842 surinder.sian@linklaters.com
More about our Capital Markets practice


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Amsterdam International Water Week: UNU partners honoured
Young entrepreneurs from 'Finish Society India' and 'Sidian Bank Kenya' were honoured in this year's 'Sarphati Sanitation Awards', presented at the opening ceremony of Amsterdam International Water Week on 30 October 2017. Shortlisted for the Award were (i) Mr Abhijit Banerji of Finish Society India, (ii) Ms Catherine Kisamwa of Sidian Bank Kenya and (iii) Andrew Foote of Sanivation Kenya. Mr Abhijit Banerji won the category prize of €25,000. Sidian Bank Kenya is a close partner in the FINISH IN...
Would the Mahatma approve? On nudging vs. lynching (to use toilets) in India
Today is Mahatma Gandhi's birthday, and in homage to his philosophy and strategy of non-violence, the UN has marked it as the International Day of Non-Violence. In India, the countdown has also begun for 2 October 2019, the target date set to attain the Swachh Bharat or Clean India Mission (SBM). The SBM has the noble intention of making India 'open defecation free' (ODF) and millions of low-cost toilets are being built across the country towards this aim. But, to achieve the ODF mis...
Sanitation wins must not become safe water losses
A joint post by Rushva Parihar and Dorcas Mbuvi. … An estimated 2.4 billion people still do not have access to proper sanitation, of which about 1 billion still defecate in the open. These figures represent the enormous challenge of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 and its specific target to "achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation" by 2030. Critically, reaching unserved populations at scale will require low-cost sanit...
Global Media Forum: Sharing expertise in a 'post-truth' world
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Migrant health in India: APPAM minority report #2
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are among the world's most neglected groups and issues related to their health care are barely addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the recent International Conference on Population Development under the theme 'ICPD beyond 2014' declared an urgent need to protect the rights of IDPs....
How Did Sikkim Turn the Tide for Sanitation in India?
"Worldwide about a billion people defecate in the open — including 600,000 in India. So when Sikkim in the far northeast of India was declared 'Open Defecation Free' in 2016, we were curious. How did this small state, capped by Himalayan peaks and dotted with Buddhist monasteries, manage it? How did Sikkim turn the tide?" asks PhD fellow Rushva Parihar. His supervisor, Prof. Shyama V. Ramani, is an expert on (the evolution of) development economics. In her usual transpare...
Go For Action Research
Shyama V. Ramani, Professor of Development Economics at UNU-MERIT, has been working on the issue of sanitation since the tsunami of December 2004. It all started as a charity project to build toilets for women in a small coastal village in Tamil Nadu, her home state in the southernmost part of India. "The tsunami had destroyed the vegetal cover around the village and the women could no longer relieve themselves in the bushes as they used to. They needed toilets." But the project failed, and so S...
Why it's easier for India to get to Mars than to tackle its toilet challenge
In 2013, India became the fourth country in the world (after Russia, the United States and the European Union) and the only emerging nation to launch a Mars probe into space. But it remains part of the group of 45 developing countries with less than 50% sanitation coverage, with many citizens practising open defecation, either due to lack of access to a toilet or because of personal preference. According to the Indian census of 2011, only 46.9% of the 246.6 million households in India had their ...
Professor Ramani Voted Among #100 Women Achievers of India
Prof. Shyama V. Ramani of UNU-MERIT has been voted one of the #100 Women Achievers of India in the category of 'Hygiene and Sanitation', as part of a contest organised by the Indian Ministry of Women and Child Development in partnership with Facebook. The result was made public on 1 January 2016. Prof. Ramani will attend a reception lunch with the President of India, Pranab Kumar Mukherjee, on 22 January 2016 in the Ceremonial Hall of the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre, in the Pr...


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/**
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SBA Approves Over $1 Billion in Loans for Hurricane Sandy
The SBA announced that it has approved over $1 billion worth of disaster loans for small businesses in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. It has been nearly 90 days since Sandy devastated the East Coast, crushing tens of thousands of small businesses and affecting the lives of millions.
"At this point, businesses are still in the early stages of recovery. Overall, it's only been three months. This devastation was quite extensive physically and economically," said Carol Chastang, Media Contact for the SBA's Office of Disaster Assistance.
The SBA reached the billion dollar milestone following the passing of emergency legislation from Congress that will put an additional $799 million towards disaster assistance programs.
According to an SBA press release from SBA Administrator Karen G. Mills, the SBA pledges to continue cooperating with local and federal forces in order to rebuild. It will prioritize getting funds into the hands of affected individuals and businesses. The SBA considers congress's fund appropriation to be a much needed step in helping the SBA achieve its objective.
"A lot of these businesses, particularly smaller businesses, were involved in retail work, making plans and looking forward to the holiday season. None of these businesses were able to rebound in time. They were all hit really hard again," said Chastang.
The SBA intends to use more than half of the funds towards low-interest disaster loans for homeowners, renters and businesses. Additional funds will be put towards other disaster loan origination and servicing. Only a small amount will be given to the SBA's resource partners who provide assistance to businesses that are still rebuilding.
The SBA considers Hurricane Sandy's devastation to be the third largest disaster in US history. The other two worst disasters being Hurricane Katrina/Rita/Wilma and the Northridge earthquake.
Of all of the states that have requested these SBA disaster loans for businesses, two have the distinction of having borrowed the most.
"New York has borrowed the most loans and New Jersey is behind that," said Chastang.
According to Chastang, 558 business disaster loans valued at $56.6 million were approved for New York, while New Jersey has seen 347 business disaster loans valued at $36 million.


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Home > Entertainment > 'Believer' becomes first Korean film to surpass 5 mln admissions this year
'Believer' becomes first Korean film to surpass 5 mln admissions this year
A still from "Believer" (Yonhap)
SEOUL, June 26 (Yonhap) — "Believer" surpassed 5 million in cumulative admissions on Tuesday, the first for a Korean film this year, data showed.
The crime thriller starring Cho Jin-woong and Ryu Jun-yeol passed the threshold at 2 p.m., according to the computerized box office tally from the Korean Film Council.
The film has sold 5,000,061 tickets since it opened on May 22, slightly more than that for two of the most popular domestic crime thrillers, 4.68 million for "New World" (2013) and 4.72 million for "Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time" (2012).
The break-even point for "Believer" is known to be 2.8 million admissions.
A remake of the Hong Kong crime thriller "Drug War" (2012) by Johnnie To, the Korean film tells the story of the unlikely partnership between police anti-drug unit officer Won-ho and low-level drug dealer and informant Rak as they take down a massive Seoul-based international drug cartel to which the latter once belonged.


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RIVERSIDE, Calif. – A 16-year-old boy was rescued by Riverside Fire Department firefighters after tumbling in a vehicle approximately 150 feet down an embankment.
On Friday, March 29, 2019, at around 11:00 a.m. the City of Riverside Fire Department responded to the report of a vehicle in a ravine near Van Buren and Canyon Ridge. When firefighters arrived they found the vehicle on its side at the bottom of the ravine around 150 feet off of the roadway.
Rescue ropes were used to descent down into the ravine to evaluate and treat the patient. A mechanical advantage system with ropes and a rescue litter helped the firefighters bring the patient up to the roadway to the waiting AMR ambulance. The boy was transported to an area hospital for the treatment of moderate injuries.


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Lilla Leach (1886-1980)
Lilla Irvin Leach was an independent field botanist who, with her husband John, systematically collected plants throughout Oregon and other western states. She was particularly interested in the Siskiyou Mountains of Curry County in southwestern Oregon. She and John spent nine summers there between 1928 and 1938, exploring the heart of that rugged range where Lilla discovered several new species. In 1963, Leach donated her large private collection of more than 3,000 pressed plants to the University of Oregon; the specimens are now in the collections of the Oregon State University Herbarium in Corvallis.
Lilla Irvin, whose family had immigrated to Oregon over the Oregon Trail, was born on March 13, 1886, on her parents' farm in Barlow, Clackamas County. She is said to have developed her love of flowers while wandering the family acreage as a young child. She attended school in Barlow and Canby and then the Tualatin Academy in Forest Grove. There she met John Leach, from the bunchgrass country of eastern Oregon, who began (unsuccessfully at first) to woo her.
Lilla moved on to the University of Oregon, where she studied with botanist Albert Sweetser. She then taught high school botany in Eugene for five years. John Leach finally won her hand by assuring her he knew how to handle pack animals and "could take her where the cake-eating botanists could never get." They were married in an outdoor ceremony on her parents' farm in 1913 and moved to Portland, where John established a pharmacy. Their home in southeast Portland, now known as the Leach Botanical Garden, is open to the public.
Lilla and John, with their burros Pansy and Violet, reportedly traveled more than 1,000 miles of primitive trails on their Siskiyou expeditions. It was there, on June 14, 1930, that Lilla made her most important discovery, a pink-flowered shrub in the Heath Family, never before noted by botanists. Lilla later wrote that when she spotted the plant beside the trail, she "dropped to my knees ... I had never seen anything so beautiful before." She believed at once that she had discovered a new species.
Two years after its first collection, the plant was officially named Kalmiopsis leachiana, commemorating Lilla and John. The genus Kalmiopsis is endemic to southwestern Oregon and occurs nowhere else in the world; Oregon's Kalmiopsis Wilderness is named for the plant. The type specimen (the collection first examined by Louis Henderson) is housed at the OSU Herbarium.
Lilla and John bought property on Johnson Creek in southeast Portland and there built a home they called Sleepy Hollow. Their collecting slowed during World War II when Lilla began to suffer from arthritis. John died in 1972, and the home and garden became the property of the City of Portland ten years later. Lilla Leach died September 10, 1980, in Portland at the age of 94. Her ashes and John's were scattered in the Kalmiopsis Wilderness.
Leach, Lilla, 1
Lilla Leach at Horsesign Butte, May 1931.
Courtesy The Leach Collection, Univ. of Oreg. Knight Lib., Archives and Spec. Coll.
Rhoda Love
Albert Sweetser (1861-1940)
Carrie Phinney Sweetser (1863-1952)
Georgia Mason (1910-2007)
Louis F. Henderson (1853-1942)
Thomas Howell (1842-1912)
Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859)
William Cusick (1842-1922)
Henderson, L.F. "New Plants from Oregon." Rhodora 33 (1931): 203-206.
Kirkpatrick, Golda, C. Holzwarth, and L. Mullens. The Botanist and her Muleskinner. Portland: Leach Garden Friends, 1994.
Love, Rhoda M. "The Discovery and Naming of Kalmiopsis leachiana and the Establishment of the Kalmiopsis Wilderness." Kalmiopsis, Journal of the Native Plant Society of Oregon 1 (1991): 3-8.
Johnson Creek
Johnson Creek is a small stream in the Portland metropolitan area which has frequently flooded and suffered from severe pollution. Since the mid-1980s, however, it has gained attention for the successful stream-restoration efforts by local advocacy groups. It is twenty-five miles long and drains fifty-four square miles. It flows from the ...
Kalmiopsis Wilderness
The 179,755-acre Kalmiopsis Wilderness, located in southwestern Oregon in the rugged Klamath/Siskiyou Mountains, is the third largest wilderness in the state. A portion of the current Kalmiopsis was originally protected by the U.S. Forest Service in the 1940s and subsequently was included in areas protected by the ...
Siskiyou National Forest
The Siskiyou Forest Reserve was created on March 2, 1907; within two days, it was renamed the Siskiyou National Forest. The boundaries of the forest fluctuated in the early years, particularly on the southern boundary with the Klamath National Forest. By 1956, with a major land exchange north of the ...


For Mark Gomez, the key to success is communication and building strong relationships with his customers.
A graduate of California State University, Fullerton, Mark especially enjoys helping first-time homebuyers.
When Mark isn't assisting customers, he enjoys spending time with his family, watching sports and playing basketball. He also enjoys walking his Siberian Husky, Grizzly.
Please do not hesitate to reach out to Mark using the direct contact information located on this page.


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Top 10 headphones under Rs 5,000 that you can consider to…
Home Mobiles Samsung Galaxy Fold issues are reportedly solved, launch date not revealed yet
Samsung Galaxy Fold issues are reportedly solved, launch date not revealed yet
Samsung Galaxy Fold will be seen making a 'comeback' soon.
Samsung's Galaxy Fold was one of those devices which would change the face of the industry had it hit the right notes, but unfortunately, it didn't. Samsung sent some models of the Galaxy Fold smartphone to some reviewers prior to its release. However, it was reported by many of them that their review unit broke. Its screen and the protective plasticky layer on top were the main culprits. This even made Samsung postpone the launch of its foldable smartphone. Now, reports have surfaced online saying that the company has found the major problems and solved them too.
Before releasing the Galaxy Fold to the markets around the world, the company decided to send some review units to tech reviewers and YouTubers. But moments later, news started swarming in that the Galaxy Fold's screen had protective layer on top, which when removed, could damage the device. However, Samsung had not informed these reviewers about not removing the layer on the device. But this changed later as Samsung then decided to put a warning on the box, asking the users not to remove the plastic covering. Since it appeared more like a plastic protection rather than an important piece of the device some of the reviewers removed it, and the screen of the Galaxy Fold turned black.
There was also a screen flickering issue in Samsung Galaxy Fold along with some problems in the hinges of the device. Although the company had earlier said that it would fix the design issue thus putting an indefinite delay to the release of Galaxy Fold. But now, according to a report by Yonhap News, Samsung has found a solution of the flaws in its Galaxy Fold. The company is planning to put the protective screen layer into the body of the device rather than on the top. It will also block the gaps at the top and the bottom of the hinges of Samsung Galaxy Fold which would prevent the debris from entering inside the device and killing the display.
After the indefinite delay of the Galaxy Fold, Samsung apologized to the customers who had pre-booked the device. But even though the faults in the Galaxy Fold has been located and solved, the company has not released a launch date of the device yet. It hasn't finalized when the device will be available in the markets again.
Recalling all the Galaxy Fold units before its release was a wise move from the South Korean tech giant. If it was released in the markets there was a 100% chance that it would be bigger than the backlash Samsung faced with its Galaxy Note 7.
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Last week we followed the menu plan as posted, except for substituting fresh carrots (on hand) for frozen green beans. It was a hectic week, and having a menu plan was especially helpful!
That plan included one new-to-me recipe, chicken-orzo soup. I used the recipe as a guideline, but made a few changes. I substituted a long hot pepper (like this - the image is copyrighted so I can't include it here) for the jalapenos; I omitted the tomato; and I used more chicken stock. My family gave mixed reviews to this recipe. I liked the chile-lime-cilantro flavor combination, but DH thought it was just okay. DS declared the soup "yummy," but also said that he prefers regular chicken noodle soup. Leftovers didn't fare so well; the flavors were mild, even bland, and the orzo was mushy. For those reasons, plus the fact that it's more expensive than other soups (I had to purchase the pepper, the cilantro, and the lime), we probably won't make this recipe again. It's too bad: I had high hopes for it!
Grilled chicken with ginger and cilantro: In an attempt to save the cilantro left over from the soup, I found a recipe in How to Cook Everything for grilled chicken with ginger and cilantro. I mixed up the marinade (a blend of ginger, garlic, cilantro, lime juice, olive oil) and froze that. I plan to thaw the chicken and the marinade, then combine them. I'll let you know how it goes!
Disclosure: The cookbook title links to Amazon.com through an affiliate link.
that soup does sound wonderful!
@joeandbridge: We don't grill in winter, either; I'll be cooking the chicken in a grill pan!
The pulled pork sounds good... we usually buy pulled pork at the Livestock show around March, it's so good! Good luck with ur menu.
Hi Melissa :) Sorry the soup was a disappointment, but I love how you shared the family's critique. It is really helpful to me when I'm looking for new recipes to see what other people say about it. You have some great menus for the week.


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Twenty Questions with Ray Norris
This article appeared in Pitchcare Magazine Issue 30
0 Twenty Questions with Ray Norris
Ray Norris - would go into hiding if he were to win the lottery ... possibly with Kate Winslett!
Who are you? Ray Norris, Head Groundsman, Clayesmore Dorset
Family status? Married, with three children, all adults (sort of), and two grandchildren.
Who's your hero and why? Tony Benn, for his ideals and his oratory. Spellbinding.
What is your dream holiday? Anywhere in India.
What annoys you the most? Testing the wicket with a key comes to mind!
What would you change about yourself? Not a lot, you are what you are, make the best of it.
Who wouldn't you like to be? A banker.
Favourite record, and why? Like a Hurricane by Neil Young. Because it is just too good for words.
Who would you choose to spend a romantic evening with? My wife, but, if she was otherwise engaged, I could be persuaded to enjoy the company of Kate Winslett.
If you won the lottery, what is the first thing you would do? Go into hiding!
If you were to describe yourself as a musical instrument, what would you be and why? A synth, because it can be programmed to be anything you desire.
What's the best advice you have ever been given? Be yourself and follow your instincts.
What's your favourite smell? Bacon.
What do you do in your spare time? What spare time?
What's the daftest work related question you have ever been asked? A Bursar once asked me when I was going to topdress the cricket square with sand!
What's your favourite piece of kit? If it accomplishes the job, at that time its my favourite piece of kit.
What three words would you use to describe yourself? Impossible question!
What talent would you like to have? To play a musical instrument
What makes you angry? Insincere politicians.
What law/legislation would you like to see introduced? Any legislation that improves public transport and controls the expansion of the motor vehicles.


I was out shopping with Dr B last week and he remarked how many pastel shades there were on the high street. It's funny, as someone who looks at trends all the time and who is always looking at colourways, I'm used to pastels – I forget that by the time they hit the shops, I'm looking at the next new thing.
At the start of the year Pantone launched its colours for 2016; Rose Quartz and Serenity, stating that the colours "demonstrate an inherent balance between a warmer embracing rose tone and the cooler tranquil blue, reflecting connection and wellness as well as a soothing sense of order and peace". As well as championing the colours themselves, the company also outlined some exquisite colour pairings that can imbue a sense of calm and relaxation.


The small resort town of Nerja is one of the quieter resorts on the eastern flank of the Costa del Sol in Malaga, Spain. Club Tropicana is less than a mile from the town centre and the sunny beaches and private coves of Nerja are a short walk from the resort.
Built to reflect the traditions of Andalusia and set in landscaped tropical gardens, Club Tropicana is a tranquil oasis for complete relaxation and rejuvenation while on holiday in Malaga. Each of the villas at Club Tropicana enjoys outstanding views of the mountains and valleys that characterize this region of Spain.
Club Tropicana villas are built on two levels and have each been individually furnished in tasteful colours. Satellite television, a fully equipped kitchen, spacious open plan living area and fully furnished terrace make up the ground floor while the bedrooms and full bathroom as well as an extra sun terrace complete the accommodation upstairs. You may also choose from the delightful studio, one and three bedroom apartments at the resort. All villas and apartments are fully air-conditioned and linens and towels are provided for the duration of your stay.
Onsite facilities at Club Tropicana include the large central swimming pool and a Clubhouse restaurant and bar serving delicious light meals. If you want to enjoy the culinary delights of the region, head into Nerja. The town boasts a lovely promenade with a number of excellent eateries and outdoor bistros for your enjoyment.
If you can, try to visit the Balcon de Europa. This is a fantastic viewpoint set high on the cliffs with unsurpassed vistas of the Mediterranean Sea. The Caves of Nerja are a short drive from the town and contain the largest stalactite in the world.
Browse through our Club Tropicana image gallery to get more of an idea of what's on offer.


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Over the past decades, the German food safety system has gone through some changes.
Two new agencies were established: the Federal Agency for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) and the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). Separation of Risk Assessment, Risk Management and Risk Communication has been welcomed by all involved parties.
Risk Communication is now acknowledged as a necessary requirement for good governance. It is realised that Risk Communication can be used to improve communication between institutions. However, more Risk Communication is needed, in terms of:
Process: communicating not just in the event of a crisis, but already during the preparation phase of decision taking.
Instruments: not just press releases, but new platforms as well.
Deficits were found in the implementation stage (responsibility of the federal states). These deficits involved the control of implementation as well as prosecution of violations. The differences in legislation between diverse federal states remain considerable. These differences are viewed as weak points in relation to harmonisation of regulations. At the same time, the German food regulatory system has been affected by a big reduction of staff in the last years.
Stakeholder involvement is considered to be an important aspect in order to improve food safety. However, stakeholders are asking for involvement earlier in the process. They also demand access to original documents, instead of summaries. Agencies, on the other hand, are unwilling to compromise economic interest and maybe even violate patent law.
While the idea of harmonisation of standards is welcome, many people think that harmonisation often results in lower standards than those previously determined by national regulations. Interviewees mentioned the difficulties of evaluating regulations in different ways: diverse agencies evaluate existing regulations differently.
Source: Kerstin Dressel, Stefan Böschen, Michael Schneider, Willy Viehöver, Monika Wastian and Frank Wendler in Ellen Vos and Frank Wendler, "Food Safety Regulation in Europe: A Comparative Institutional Analysis", Intersentia, 2006.


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Damco perishable chief to move to Maersk
Damco has today confirmed that the head of its perishable logistics business is to join sister company Maersk Line.
Damco's chief operating officer Eric Herman told The Coolstar: "Damco confirms that Ole Schack Petersen, current Director-Head of Perishables Logistics will be remaining in his role until the end of March, after which he will be joining Maersk Line as Global Head of Commercial – Reefer Management.
"Damco is in the process of finding a suitable replacement for Ole and wishes him well in his new assignment," he continued.


Here come the kings of rock and roll again!
Don't you feel tired of boy-bands? Don't you feel tired of so-called artists like Kid Rock or Britney Spears? Okay, wake up now! Bon Jovi made another real rock and roll record!
After five-year-break-off Bon Jovi are back! In face of 2000, nothing's changed, they are the same old (not older) boys from New Jersey that shout out loud as they always do. The new Bon Jovi album Crush just proves that they still have got a lot of things to say, and that their time didn't pass yet! Crush is somewhat different in respect of albums like These Days or Keep the Faith, but it doesn't mean it's not good album. On the contrary, it's great album that has some kind of freshness, something that gives them the same thing they had on albums like New Jersey or Slippery When Wet. This album is more positive than other Bon Jovi albums like, for example, These Days is too much Ťmurkyť. Luke Ebbin, newcomer to the music world, produced this album very well, and I hope that Bon Jovi will continue collaboration with him for the next record.
The first single ŤIt's My Lifeť is great, and that proves the ratings on charts all over the world.
By the way, here are my suggestions which songs they should take for the next singles: Say It Isn't So, Thank You For Loving Me, Just older, Save the World, and, Captain Crash and the Beauty Queen from Mars.


While I enjoy sharing thoughts on music marketing and experiences as an artist manager throughout the year, my favorite part of blogging is turning readers onto music that I love. As 2012 draws to a close and the music business comes to a screeching halt, I thought it appropriate to share the Top 10 songs in my Christmas playlist list this year. Some are new, some a few years old and some are hard to find. Even though iTunes, Amazon & Target call it Holiday Music, I unabashedly call it Christmas Music as we are celebrating the birth of Jesus!


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[<< wikinews] Hugo Chavez meets Iran's Imam Khamenei
Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez met Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.  They pledged further cooperation of "independent nations."
The visit of Chavez to Tehran, Iran, followed earlier ones to Russia and Belarus. Iran's state-run television reported that Hugo Chavez stated to Khamenei that Iran was an apt model for other nations to emulate.
Chavez said that the two nations' ties in the petroleum, gasoline, and petrochemical sectors will be expanded.
In a reference to the recent political development in various parts of Latin America where anti-American leaders have attained political control, Chavez said, "U.S. imperialism is declining, and independent countries are viewing the future with hope and optimism."
Both Venezuela and Iran are members of OPEC.
Last month, Daniel Ortega, the president of Nicaragua, came to Iran. In the following months, Evo Morales, the president of Bolivia, is expected in Tehran.
== Sources ==
"Iran, Venezuela bash US, seek stronger ties" — ABC News (Australia), July 2, 2007
Press Release:  "Venezuelan President Meets the Leader" — Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, July 1, 2007


Immediately after use, dispose of sharps in a marked sharps container.
Used needles, lancets, blades, razors, and other sharp devices (known as sharps) can cut or prick you. This can expose you to bloodborne germs. Take time to handle sharps safely.
Never throw a sharp into the trash. And don't put a used sharp down. Dispose of it in a marked sharps container as soon as you're done with it.
Don't bend, break, or recap needles. Never remove used needles from disposable syringes.
Get help before using sharps around confused or uncooperative patients.
Make sure used sharps don't get left in linens or on bedside tables.
Never clean up broken glass by hand.
Use needle-less connector systems whenever possible for administering IV fluids.
Never overfill a sharps container. Dispose of sharps containers according to your facility's guidelines when they're 2/3 full.
Never force a sharp into a sharps container. Be careful and watch as you place sharps into the container.
Never reach into a sharps container.
Never open, empty, or reuse a sharps container.
Wash the area well with soap and water. If your eyes are exposed, rinse them well with water only (don't use soap).
Get medical attention right away. Time can be crucial in preventing infection. Your blood may need to be tested for HBV, HCV, and HIV. You may also receive vaccinations or post-exposure treatment to reduce your chances of becoming infected.
Don't try to evaluate your own exposure.
Report the exposure to your supervisor or other facility personnel. The patient whose blood or OPIM you were exposed to (if this is known) can be tested for a bloodborne infection. This helps determine whether you are at risk.


Shakespeare "didn"t have perfect eyesight"
William Shakespeare had to stop writing because of failing eyesight, a new play is suggesting.
According to playwright Rick Thomas, the Bard would have had to write by candlelight during the year"s shorter days because he would have been in rehearsals and performances by day.
He told the Birmingham Post: "I just can"t see that Shakespeare could have had that clear vision."
Mr Thomas has been commissioned to write the play - For All Time - by the Theatre By the Lake.
Stanley Wells of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, who also spoke to the newspaper, pointed out that Shakespeare could see well enough to sign his name.


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It Looks Like There's Some Major 'Fifty Shades' News This Week
There may be some good news in store for fans of Fifty Shades of Grey this week as it has been revealed that Universal are close to signing a new director for the sequel.
According to reports, House of Cards director James Foley may be in line to take over the helm for Fifty Shades Darker.
Love Actually star reveals incredibly emotional behind-the-scenes story
It was revealed earlier this year that director of Fifty Shades of Grey, Sam Taylor-Johnson, would not be returning for the sequel and Universal have since been looking for another director.
Fans are hopeful Foley will be on board for the sequel which sees both Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson on board once more.
Fifty Shades Darker is due for release on February 10th, 2017, with the third movie – Fifty Shades Freed – said to be planned for release on February 9th , 2018.
Jamie Dornan,
dakota johnson,
Fifty Shade of Grey,
Fifty Shades Darker.
S Club 7's Hannah Spearritt and children left homeless after being forced from home before Christmas
All of the new Netflix movies and shows arriving in January
Rory Cashin
5 things in Love Actually that baffle me to this day
Home Alone is officially Ireland's favourite Christmas movie ever
Cassie Stokes
Netflix reveals full line-up of new shows and movies arriving in November
Netflix reveals full line-up of new shows and movies arriving in October
Do Revenge: Netflix's new No.1 movie is a savage mix of Mean Girls and Cruel Intentions


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Golden Horde Review
Author Guidelines for Submission of Manuscripts
TSIZOTKH (Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates)
Research Annual "Golden Horde Civilization"
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Khakimov R.S. 6-32
Concerning the Nomadic Culture of the Golden Horde »
CONCERNING THE NOMADIC CULTURE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE
R.S. Khakimov
(Sh.Marjani Institute of History,
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Researchers consider nomadic and sedentary cultures as evolutionary stages. The nomadic phase precedes a settled one as an inferior stage of civilization. The evolutionary view does not explain the combination of nomadic and settled cultures in the Golden Horde and the preservation of many features of nomadism in the future, up to the present day.
A number of experts, in particular, Thomas Barfield believes that nomadic societies exist by levying tribute from the settled state, which raises doubts. The Eurasian nomadic civilization is associated with the organization of vital activity in the conditions of steppe climate zone requiring constant migrations aimed at producing a sufficient amount of livestock. Robbery and receiving tribute from other societies is not its main characteristic. More important for it is a specific arrangement of humans, animals, and vehicles allowing the movement of large numbers of people over long distances. The nomads were not so strongly tied to the land as sedentary people. The structure of society was not built according to a vertical hierarchy but on the clan system. The nomads provoked the Great Migration and created a number of nomadic empires as well as the Golden Horde, the top of nomadic civilization. The ability to integrate different peoples in the uniform State was associated with openness and toleration of nomadic culture.
The nomads took advantage of warfare methods through mobility, effective combinations of weapons, horses, vehicles, and skills training of combat operations. Their army was not hired or regular but represented the people-army. The ability to effective warfare contributed to the nomadic expansion and exploration of the Eurasian space.
The nomadic culture of the Golden Horde had its own characteristics associated with the conjunction of nomadic and settled population in the uniform State. Nomadism does not disappear as a culture and mentality over time. Large spaces and lack of federalization stimulate a return to the clan relations even today.
Globalization, with its transparent boundaries, reproduces many of the elements of nomadism: mobility, openness, tolerance, non-hierarchical administrative system.
Keywords: nomadic culture, nomadic empires, nomadism, Golden Horde, Russia, Tatars.
About the author: Rafail' Sibgatovich Khakimov – Director, Sh.Marjani Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (AS RT), Vice-president of AS RT, Academician of AS RT, Dr. Sci. (History) (420014, Kremlin, entrance 5, Kazan, Russian Federation); history@tataroved.ru
Zhdanovich O.P. 33-49
The Nomads and Byzantine Empire in the Writings of Early Byzantine Historians of the 4th–6th centuries »
THE NOMADS AND BYZANTINE EMPIRE IN THE WRITINGS
OF EARLY BYZANTINE HISTORIANS OF THE 4TH–6TH CENTURIES
Olesia Zhdanovich
(Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine)
Based on the information of Byzantine authors (Ammianus Marcellinus, Priscus Panites, Procopius of Caesarea, Agathius Myrine, Menander Protector), this paper explores the relationship between the Byzantines and nomadic peoples of the Eurasian Steppe – the Huns, Turks, and Avars. The author illuminates the peculiarities of perception of the nomadic barbarians from the point of view of the Byzantine imperial worldview. Based on the analysis of the Byzantine sources, the author has attempted to uncover the Romans' subjective perception of the eastern steppe civilizations.
This article contains some information about the appearance, customs, traditions, and way of life of nomads, their relations with the Byzantine Empire since the advent of the hordes of Huns in its territory in the late 4th century up to diplomatic relations with the first steppe empire – the Great Turkic Khaganate as well as Avar khanate in the 6th century. Author clarified the propensity of eastern nomadic and western settled civilizations to the establishment of bilateral contacts and traced the dynamics and evolution of their mutual relationship. The author translated from ancient Greek the fragments of works of early Byzantine authors contained in this article
Keywords: Huns, Romans, Turks, Avars, empire of the steppe, Great Turkic Khaganate, nomads.
About the author: Olesia Petrovna Zhdanovich – Research Associate, Sector of civilizations of the Black Sea Region, Department of Regional history, Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Cand. Sci. (History) (01001, Grushevsky st., 4, Kiev, Ukraine); olbio@bk.ru
Roman Hautala. 50-67
Early Latin Reports about the Mongols (1221): Reasons for Distortion of Reality »
EARLY LATIN REPORTS ABOUT THE MONGOLS (1221):
REASONS FOR DISTORTION OF REALITY
Roman Hautala
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan
University of Oulu, Finland)
The first mention of the Mongols appears in Latin sources in 1221. According to these sources, the Mongol army, which accomplished a number of conquests in Central Asia, Persia, and Transcaucasia, consisted of baptized nomads. Latin authors asserted that at the head of this army stood a certain David, "king of the Indies", which sought to help the Middle Eastern Christians and "liberate" Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Undoubtedly, the Latin sources meant by the "deeds of king David" the first western campaign of the Mongols led by Genghis Khan, which began in 1219 and was directed against the Central Asian sultanate of Khwarezm. These Latin sources were written at the time, when the troops of Genghis Khan had already conquered Khwarezmian territory in Central Asia and began military actions in Khorasan, while the separate divisions of the Mongols led by Jebe and Subedei invaded Transcaucasia and inflicted the first serious defeat to the Christian kingdom of Georgia.
Even though the later Oriental sources indicate the presence of certain baptized nomads in the Mongol army, at the moment it is known for certain that the bulk of the nomadic army of Genghis Khan did not adhere to the Christian religion and the Mongol divisions led by Jebe and Subedei were sent by Genghis Khan in the west in pursuit of the former Khwarezmian Sultan Muhammad rather than for the "liberation" of Jerusalem or provision of any tangible support to the Middle Eastern Christians.
Thus, the early Latin information about the Mongols contains relatively accurate description of the western conquests of Genghis Khan, but represent a specific explanation for the Mongol expansion, which does not correspond to historical reality.
This article represents an attempt to explain this distortion of reality.
In the first part of the article, the author gives a brief description of the Latin sources containing information about the "king David's" advance to the west. In the second part, the author attempts to find an explanation for the distortion of historical reality in Latin sources by considering the information of these sources in the ideological context of the Fifth Crusade.
Keywords: Crusade ideology, Fifth Crusade, Khwarezmian campaign of Genghis Khan, Nestorian documents, Latin sources.
About the author: Roman Hautala – Senior Research Fellow, Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Sh.Marjani Institute of History Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan; Postdoctoral researcher, Historical branch at the Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Ph.D. (History) (420014, Kremlin, entrance 5, Kazan, Russian Federation; 90014, Pentti Kaiteran st., 1, Oulu, Finland); virisequisque@hotmail.com
Maiorov A.V. 68-94
The Final Stage of Mongol Invasion of Europe: A Military Force and Secret Diplomacy (1) »
THE FINAL STAGE OF MONGOL INVASION OF EUROPE:
A MILITARY FORCE AND SECRET DIPLOMACY (1)*
A.V. Maiorov
(Faculty of History, St. Petersburg State University)
The paper analyzes the sources of information on the direct contact of the Emperor Frederick II with the Mongols before the attack of the latter on Europe, the persistent rumors of his collusion with the invaders, who came to blow mainly to the enemies of Frederick, the refusal of the Emperor of an armed clash with the Tatars, the refusal to participate in the Crusade prepared by the German prelates against the Tatars, but instead – a withdrawal of the imperial troops in Italy and the siege of Rome in order to force the pope to recognize the supremacy of the Emperor, the sudden retreat of the Tartars themselves from the German border and the abandonment of the original plans for the conquest of Germany, unexpected counteraction against Frederick of the German prelates who had been previously loyal to the Emperor and who accused him of a serious crime against the Church and the whole of Christianity. The author concludes that the Emperor Frederick and the leaders of the Western Mongol campaign were associated with secret mutual obligations. Many of his contemporaries were aware of the Emperor's secret contacts with the Tartars (Albert von Beheim, Matthew Paris, and others.). The author analyzes the information and is trying to separate the elements of political propaganda from the established facts. The Emperor's conspiracy with the Tatar leaders is indicated both by direct evidence and numerous indirect information analyzed in the article. On the one hand, the Emperor did everything possible to avoid a direct military confrontation with the Tatars and disrupt plans of his supporters in Germany to combat the invaders. On the other hand, the Tatar impact in Europe fell entirely on the Friedrich's enemies who took the side of the pope in the latter's conflict with Emperor. As a result of the Tatar invasion of Europe position of the Emperor in his confrontation with the Roman church greatly strengthened. This change in the balance of power obviously angered the church prelates and the subsequent rebellion of the German Bishops against Friedrich provoked long civil war in Germany.
Keywords: Emperor Frederick II, Pope Gregory IX, Batu khan, Crusade against the Tatars.
About the author: Alexander Vyacheslavovich Maiorov – Professor, Head of the Department of Museology, Faculty of History, St. Petersburg State University, Dr. Sci. (History) (199034, Mendeleevskaya Liniya, 5, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation); a.v.maiorov@gmail.com
* Beginning of the article. End of the article see in the next issue.
Zainuddinov D.R. 95-105
The Alliance between Mengu-Timur and Abaga: The Problem of Sources Interpretation and Translation of Persian and Turkic Terms in Arabic Texts (on the example of "Collection of Materials Relating to the Golden Horde History. Volume I. Excerpts from the Arabic Writings" composed by V.G. Tiesenhausen) »
THE ALLIANCE BETWEEN MENGU-TIMUR AND ABAGA:
THE PROBLEM OF THE SOURCES INTERPRETATION AND TRANSLATION
OF PERSIAN AND TURKIC TERM IN ARABIC TEXTS
(on the example of "Collection of Materials Relating to the Golden Horde History.
Volume I. Excerpts from the Arabic Writings" composed by V.G. Tiesenhausen)
Damirdzhan Zainuddinov
The article deals with the problem of translation of Persian and Turkic lexical units in Arabic texts written between the 13th and 16th centuries. Author examines as an example an excerpt from the work of Ibn Khaldun (732/1332 – 808/1406) translated by V.G. Tiesenhausen. The author provides comments to the given translation and presents his own translation.
The author also presents original analysis of the source both about the relations between Golden Horde and Constantinople and on the battle of Homs in 680 AH between Mangu Timur, son of Hulagu, and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur. The author tries to prove that Mengu-Timur, son of Togan, did not participate in that war.
This article also presents new sources of such authors as Yunini Kutb ad-din Musa ibn Muhammad (640/1242 – 726/1326), Yafi'I Abdulla ibn As'ad (698 – 768 AH) and bibliographic collection of al-Markisi Taki ad-din (died in 845 AH).
Keywords: V.G. Tiesenhausen, Ibn Khaldun Turkic and Persian languages, Mengu-Timur, Abaga, Baybars Rukn al-Din al-Mansouri, Yunini Qutb al-Din, Yafi'i 'Abdullah ibn As'ad, emir Uzdemir al-Homsi.
About the author: Damirdzhan Rustamdzhonovich Zainuddinov – post-graduate student of Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Sh.Marjani Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (420014, Kremlin, entrance 5, Kazan, Russian Federation); abu-hanifanur@yandex.ru
Ihsan Fazlioğlu. 106-127
The First Mathematical Book in the Golden Horde State: A Masterpiece of Computational Mathematics ("et-Tuhfe fî ilmi'l-hisâb") (2) »
THE FIRST MATHEMATICAL BOOK IN THE GOLDEN HORDE STATE:
A MASTERPIECE OF COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS
("ET-TUHFE FÎ ILMI'L-HISÂB") (2)*
Ihsan Fazlioğlu
(Istanbul Medeniyet University)
The Turkish author Ihsan Fazlioğlu presents to attention of readers the second part of the article "A Masterpiece of Computational Mathematics" ("et-Tuhfe fî ilmi'l-hisâb"). The author of this article presents the first example of an established scientific activity in the Golden Horde, which began before Janibek khan, during the reign of Uzbek khan. The work written in the Golden Horde on a mathematical topic occupies a special place because of the information contained therein. This treatise shows that the scientific activity in the Golden Horde, which began with the conversion to Islam, brought results in a short time and laid the foundations for "breakthroug" during the reign of Janibek khan.
The author examines this composition from a historical perspective. The Computational book "et-Tuhfe fî ilmi'l-hisâb", whose author is unknown, was handed during the reign of Uzbek Khan (1313–1342) to the ruler of the Crimean ulus of the Golden Horde Ebul-Muzaffer Giyaseddin Tuluktemir bey. After mentioning the distinguishing features of the work, the author pays particular attention to the definition of numbers, which is attributed to Muhammad b. Musa al-Khwarizmi and which, at the moment, is not recorded elsewhere. The author disputes the capacity for understanding of the evidence used in the calculation, surveying, and algebra, and will consider definitions with respect to the theory of numbers. Further, the author will analyze the formula of approximate values of square and cube roots of irrational numbers proposed by Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Abdulkadir al-Baghdadi, and the teacher of the author, Saduruddin al-Farazi.
This part examines the author of the work and features of his age as well as the scientific environment that contributed to the writing of the "et-Tuhfe fî ilmi'l-hisâb". The article presents the contents of the work and familiarizes the reader with the scientists and their works, which are referenced by the author.
Keywords: Golden Horde, Uzbek khan, mathematics, algebra, Dasht-i Kipchak, Islam.
About the author: Ihsan Fazliolu – Istanbul Medeniyet University, member of the Scientific Council of the Turkish Historical Society, Professor, Ph.D. (Philosophy) (34700, Ünalan Mah., No. 98, Üsküdar, Stambul, Turkey); bilgi@ihsanfazlioglu.net
* Continuation. See the beginning in: Golden Horde Review, 2014, № 4(6), pp. 57–68. Russian translation from Turkish by Yu.N. Nagimova and I.M. Mirgaleev.
Akhmetzyanov M.I. 128-135
The Tatar Genealogies (shedzheres) »
THE TATAR GENEALOGIES (SHEDZHERES)
M.I. Akhmetzyanov
(G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art,
The article is aimed at studying the relationship between the modern Tatar publicistic and medieval written monuments of the Golden Horde, Crimea, and Kazan Khanate.
Since the medieval Tatar written monuments are syncretic in content, they have the features of many types of genres of contemporary written document. In this case, the article sets the task to emphasize the similarity of these monuments with modern documents with publicistic content.
As a result of research the author found that the medieval Tatar official yarlyks, charters and letters are the precursors of contemporary governmental letters and agreements. The only difference is that they are likely to reflect the official State ideology, whereas the modern Tatar publicistics reflect the public reaction to the news in the life of society.
Keywords: Golden Horde, Crimea, Kazan, tarkhans, khans, interstate relations.
About the author: Marsel Ibragimovic Akhmetzyanov – Leading Research Fellow at the Department of Manuscripts, Research and Archival Fund, G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Dr. Sci. (Philology) (420014, Kremlin, exhibition hall "Manezh", Kazan, Russian Federation); zolotayaorda.centr@mail.ru
Mirgaleev I.М. 136-145
The Golden Horde State in the System of International Relations »
THE GOLDEN HORDE STATE IN THE SYSTEM
OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
I.М. Mirgaleev
(Sh. Marjani Institute of History,
The present article examines the place of the Golden Horde in the system of international relations of the 13th–14th centuries as well as directions of its foreign policy.
To determine the place of the ulus of Jochi in the international system the author suggests to disclose the subject through illumination of such important issues as:
– the Mongol conquests and creation of the Chingisid state entities, the establishment of a new international order.
– formation of the ulus of Jochi as an independent State and its role in the Chingisid States' relations, the kurultai of 1269.
– international activities of the Golden Horde State during the period of its might.
– interstate coalitions in the global geopolitics and national interests of the ulus of Jochi in international systems.
– The role and place of the Golden Horde in the international life of the second half of the 14th – early 15th centuries. The program activity of the Jochids in a new geopolitical situation of the late 14th – early 15th centuries.
The author believes that the establishment of the Golden Horde State occurred in three phases (1207–1241, 1242–1259, 1260–1269). The Jochids' policy towards their neighbors and other Chingisid states formed during this time.
Both the Distemper of the 1360–70's in the ulus of Jochi and destruction of all other Chingisid States resulted in the Golden Horde's loss of its place in the system of international relations. Therefore, the program activity of the Jochids in a new geopolitical situation of the late 14th – early 15th centuries, was aimed at restoring the international authority of the State.
The author considers the directions of the Golden Horde foreign policy, which were laid down during the reign of Berke khan and remained a priority until the end of the 14th century.
Keywords: Golden Horde, ulus of Jochi, Mongol Empire, system of international relations, geopolitics, Chinggisids, kurultai.
About the author: Il'nur Midkhatovich Mirgaleev – Head of the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Sh.Marjani Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Cand. Sci. (History) (420014, Kremlin, entrance 5, Kazan, Russian Federation); dilnur1976@mail.ru
Minnegulov Kh.Yu. 146-158
The Tatar Literature of the Late Middle Ages »
THE TATAR LITERATURE OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
Kh.Yu. Minnegulov
(Kazan Federal University)
The Tatar verbal art of the 15th–18th centuries developed over more than three centuries and reflected, reflects very complicated, contradictory, and tragic periods in the history of the Tatar people. This is a time of the Golden Horde disintegration and formation on its vast territory of the Crimean, Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberian, Nogai, and Kasimov khanates. This is a time of establishing, rise, and conquest of the Tatar States. This is a time of severe colonial oppression, loss of a significant part of the spiritual and material values accumulated over the centuries. Moreover, at this stage of history, and especially after the elimination of Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, the population living in the Crimean khanate gradually begins to separate from the relatively uniform linguistic, cultural, and ethnic Tatar space due to the tangible Ottoman influence.
Therefore, we should consider the verbal art of this era in three aspects and under three items:
1) Tatar literature of the Kazan khanate period (middle of the 15th – middle of the 17th centuries), including not only the Kazan khanate's literature, but also of other Tatar States and, in particular, of the Astrakhan, Siberian, Nogai, Crimean, Kasimov khanates, as well as of the Great Horde;
2) Crimean Tatar verbal art of the 15th–18th centuries, that is, of the Crimean State including not only the Crimean peninsula, but also large areas of the Western Ciscaucasia, Northern Black Sea coast, as well as areas of the Azov region.
Of course, this division of more than three centuries' literary development is, to some extent, arbitrary. At the same time, it contributes to the formation of a certain idea about the Tatar verbal art's development during the mentioned centuries.
Keywords: historical legacy of the Tatar people, Tatar verbal art, Tatar literature of the Kazan Khanate, Crimean Tatar verbal art, Tatar literature.
About the author: Khatip Yusupovich Minnegulov – Professor at the Kazan Federal University, Dr. Sci. (Philology) (420021, Tatarstan, st., 2, Kazan, Russian Federation); tatlit1103@mail.ru
Transcript 159-170
Transcript of the Roundtable "The Horde-Bazar: Nomadic Horde or Nomadic City". Differentiated understanding of history. Roundtable of the series "Phenomenon of the Golden Horde" (13th May, 2014. Kazan, Institute of History of AS RT) »
TRANSCRIPT OF THE ROUNDTABLE "THE HORDE-BAZAR:
NOMADIC HORDE OR NOMADIC CITY".
Differentiated understanding of history
Roundtable of the series "Phenomenon of the Golden Horde".
13th May, 2014. Kazan, Institute of History of
13th May 2014, a round table "The Horde-Bazar: Nomadic Horde or Nomadic City?" has been held as part of the series "The Phenomenon of the Golden Horde". The round table was attended by I.M. Mirgaleev, D.M. Iskhakov, I.L. Izmaylov, R.M. Valeev, E.G. Sayfetdinova, A.I. Bugarchev, as well as graduate students and applicants of the Usmanov Center for Research of the Golden Horde History.
Head of the Center, I.M. Mirgaleev, opened the event by proposing to discuss such questions as: whether the Horde-Bazar was a city? Or a nomadic horde of khan? How researchers should treat information of the sources? M.S. Gatin noted the need to more clearly define the concept of "nomadic city" and "nomadic horde". Maybe, it was the mere Horde's mention in Russian chronicles? In turn, I.L. Izmaylov suggested that Russian sources do not necessarily understand Sarai under the term of "Horde". The Horde might be the common name of the travel scope of Russian rulers. D.M. Iskhakov noted with regards to the concepts and definitions, that the terms "Horde-Bazar" and "Horde" did not necessarily mean the same concept. Moreover, we see in the sources that there was a post of "the prince of bazar" who ran this institution (bazar) within the Horde. E.G. Sayfetdinova noted that Ötemish Hajji mentions in his "Chingiz-name" the term of the Horde-bazar. He says on the election of Timur Malik as new khan that when he came to the throne, there was delivered a sermon in the Horde-bazar. R.M. Valeev stressed that it is important to pay attention to the minting of coins for the determination of the Horde-bazar. If in the 13th century the name of the "Horde-bazar" is absent, then in the 14th century it is mentioned as a center of coinage. A.I. Bugarchev added that in the 13th century there was one concept of "Horde" and in the 14th century the "Horde" appears on coins. We still do not know whether it was one or more mints. So, when we talk about the Horde-bazar, it is necessary to clarify what period we mean.
In the final part of the event there was defined range of problems that can be offered to debate aimed at holding such meetings regularly. Thus, the roundtable participants noted the need for close mutual cooperation of scholars to solve the problematic issues concerning the history of the Golden Horde.
Keywords: "Horde-Bazar", Golden Horde, history, medieval cities, nomadic lifestyle, written sources, archaeology, numismatics, literary monuments of the Golden Horde.
Abu Bakr Qalandar 171-177
Qalandar-name. Chapter 4. "Praising 'Umar, Commander of the Faithful" »
QALANDAR-NAME. CHAPTER 4. "PRAISING 'UMAR, COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL"*
Abu Bakr Qalandar
The presented fragment is the next part of the translation of the medieval poetic text "Qalandar-name" written by Abu Bakr Qalandar, the Sufi scholar from the Crimea. This Chapter is devoted to praises to 'Umar ibn Khattab al-Faruq (The Distinguish), the Successor of the Prophet Muhammad, the second of the four Righteous Caliphs (al-Khulafa al-Rashidun). Within the nine rows the author mentions the virtues of 'Umar making the main emphasis on his active support for Islam and justice for people. The Persian text is translated by Milyausha Ismagilova, the postgraduate student. The translation's edition and comments are supplied by Damir Shagaviev, Head of the Department of History of Religions and Social Thought at the Sh.Marjani Institute of History of AS RT (Kazan).
* Continuation. See the beginning in: Golden Horde Review, 2014, № 2(4), pp. 243–252; № 3(5), pp. 207–214; №4(6), pp. 198–207. Russian translation from Persian by a graduate student M.R. Ismagilova. Academic edition of the translation and comments by D.A. Shagaviev, Head of the Department of History of Religions and Social Thought at the Sh.Marjani Institute of History of AS RT (Kazan).
Beisembiev T.K. 178-206
Information of "Jawāmi ul-Hikāyāt" by al-'Awfi on the Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwarezmshahs (1) »
INFORMATION OF "JAWĀMI UL-HIKĀYĀT" BY AL-'AWFI
ON THE SAMANIDS, KARAKHANIDS, SELJUKIDS
AND KHWAREZMSHAHS (1)*
T.K. Beisembiev
(Institute of Oriental Studies, Almaty, Kazakhstan)
The article continues a series of Beisembiev's publications [9; 13; 14] on "Jawāmi ul-Hikāyāt wa Lawāmi' ul-Riwāyāt" by Sadid al-Din Muhammad al-'Awfi (completed in the second quarter of the 13th century), the largest literary and historical prosaic work in Persian classical literature of pre-Mongol and Mongol periods. It contains a collection of over 2,100 stories (very poorly studied) on diverse subjects. Up to the present, a complete scholarly edition of this greatest historical source is not available.
On the basis of all available publications and a manuscript copy of the early 14th century, Supplément Persan 95 (La Bibliothèque nationale de France), the author presents for the first time his Russian commented translation of 52 Awfi's stories (hikayat) on the Ghaznavids, Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwarezmshahs and provides their interpretation. The titles of the stories, absent in the original, are invented by the translator. Each title is indicated by those number in parentheses, which is specified in the fundamental study on 'Awfi by Muhammad Nizam ud-Din [40]. At the end of each story there is indicated, in square brackets, a bibliographical reference to the source, from which its translation was made. The "Repertoire" of 'Awfi containing stories about the Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwarezmshahs is followed by a summarized table of all stories by 'Awfi pertaining to these dynasties (totally 78 stories, from which 27 translated previously, with bibliographical notes to their publication).
Analysis of the works on the dynasties in question by the famous academics (V.V. Bartold, V.A. Gordlevsky, C.E. Bosworth, S.G. Agadjanov, Z.M. Buniyatov, N.N. Negmatov and B.D. Kochnev) shows that, unfortunately, none of them pay due attention to the valuable information of 'Awfi.
The author hopes that his publication will provide a deeper understanding in the study of Central Asian history as well as that of other regions in the pre-Mongol period.
Keywords: 'Awfi, Ghaznavids, Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids, Khwarezmshahs, 10th–13th centuries, Persian classical literature, Persian historical sources, pre-Mongol period, Turks, Central Asia, Byzantium.
About the author: Timur Kasymovich Beisembiev – Leading Research Associate, Department of Near and Middle East, Institute of Oriental Studies (Almaty), Committee for Science, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow (50010, Kurmangazy st., 29, Almaty, Kazakhstan); shighistanu@mail.ru
* Beginning of the article. Continuation of the article see in the next issue.
Sidorovich S.V. 207-214
Once Again on the Translation of the Manchu Version of "Yuanshi" »
ONCE AGAIN ABOUT THE RUSSIAN TRANSLATION
OF THE MANCHU VERSION OF "YUANSHI"
S.V. Sidorovich
The author of the article continues the study of Russian translation of the monument "Dai Yuan gurun-i suduri" – Manchu variant of the "Yuanshi" (The History of the Yuan [dynasty]) chronicle. The two most typical examples of erroneous interpretation were cited from the recently published translation of the fourth scroll of the monument and then analyzed. Also the author's own variant of the translation is offered. Thinking over the causes of the errors in translation of the particular parts of the monument, the author points at the necessity of comparison of the Manchu version with the primary source written in Chinese and appealing to more additional information, i.e. sources and researches.
Keywords: Yuan Dynasty, Yuanshi, Dai Yuan gurun-i suduri, P.I. Kamensky, Manchu Language.
About the author: Sergey Vladimirovich Sidorovich – post-graduate student of Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Sh.Marjani Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (420014, Kremlin, entrance 5, Kazan, Russian Federation); sscc@zmail.ru
Sayfetdinova E.G. 215-219
The International Scientific and Practical Conference "Actual Problems of the Study and Preservation of the Islamic Legacy of the Crimea" dedicated to the 700th Anniversary of the Mosque of Uzbek Khan »
THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
"ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY AND PRESERVATION OF
THE ISLAMIC LEGACY OF THE CRIMEA" DEDICATED TO
THE 700TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOSQUE OF UZBEK KHANE.G. Sayfetdinova(Sh.Marjani Institute of History,
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan)The International Scientific and Practical conference "Actual Problems of the Study and Preservation of the Islamic Legacy of the Crimea" dedicated to the 700th Anniversary of the Mosque of Uzbek khan (the oldest surviving mosque in the peninsula) has been held in Simferopol (Crimea) 14th–18th October 2014. The conference has been attended by scholars from both the regions of Russia and from near and far abroad.Conference was organized by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea, the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Crimea, Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University, Tatar Museum of Art, Foundation for the Support of Islamic culture, science and education.
After the end of sessions, there has been approved a resolution, which identified the key recommendations for the conservation of the cultural heritage of the Crimea.
About the author: Elmira Gadelzyanovna Sayfetdinova – Senior Research Fellow, Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Sh.Marjani Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Cand. Sci. (History) (420014, Kremlin, entrance 5, Kazan, Russian Federation); аdulya2@yandex.ru
Mirgaleev I.M. 220-222
The International Conference "Documents on the Tatar History and Culture in Foreign Archives" (1st – 2nd October, 2014) »
THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "DOCUMENTS
ON THE TATAR HISTORY AND CULTURE IN FOREIGN ARCHIVES"
(1ST – 2ND october, 2014)
I.M. Mirgaleev
The International Conference "Documents on the Tatar History and Culture in Foreign Archives" has been held in Kazan 1st – 2nd October, 2014. The conference was organized by Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Chief Archive Department under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan. The conference was held within the framework of the State program of the Republic of Tatarstan "Preservation of National Identity of the Tatar People (2014–2016)".
The conference was organized in the form of a round table, where each report has been discussed. The moderators of the conference were M.M. Gibatdinov and I.M. Mirgaleev, researchers of Sh.Marjani Institute of History. During the conference there has been discussed the issue of strengthening the study of foreign archives.
The content is available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


Check in is at 3:00pm and check out is at 11:00am.
We accept dogs during the entire season. There is an extra $25.00 per night, per dog fee. There is a limit of 2 dogs per room. Designated rooms only.
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Check out the students that were members of Hanover Park Softball. Visit the registration page if you would like to be listed.
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text:
Tactical Considerations in the Middle-Distance Running Events at the 2012 Olympic Games: A Case Study
Renfree, Andrew, Mytton, G.J., Skorski, S. and St Clair Gibson, A. (2014) Tactical Considerations in the Middle-Distance Running Events at the 2012 Olympic Games: A Case Study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9 (2). pp. 362-364. ISSN 1555-0265
Official URL: https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/i...
To identify tactical factors associated with progression from preliminary rounds in middle-distance running events at an international championship.
Results from the 2012 Olympic Games were used to access final and intermediate positions, finishing times, and season-best (SB) times for competitors in men's and women's 800-m and 1500-m events (fifteen 800-m races and ten 1500-m races). Finishing times were calculated as %SB, and Pearson product–moment correlations were used to assess relationships between intermediate and finishing positions. Probability (P) of qualification to the next round was calculated for athletes in each available intermediate position.
There were no significant differences in finishing times relative to SB between qualifiers and nonqualifiers. In the 800-m, correlation coefficients between intermediate and final positions were r = .61 and r = .84 at 400 m and 600 m, respectively, whereas in the 1500-m, correlations were r = .35, r = .43, r = .55, and r = .71 at 400 m, 800 m, 1000 m, and 1200 m, respectively. In both events, probability of qualification decreased with position at all intermediate distances. At all points, those already in qualifying positions were more likely to qualify for the next round.
The data demonstrate that tactical positioning at intermediate points in qualifying rounds of middle-distance races is a strong determinant of qualification. In 800-m races it is important to be in a qualifying position by 400 m. In the 1500-m event, although more changes in position are apparent, position at intermediate distances is still strongly related to successful qualification.
Staff and students at the University of Worcester can access the full-text of the online published article via the UW online library search. External users should check availability with their local library or Interlibrary Requests Service.
athletics, pacing, tactics
College of Business, Psychology and Sport > School of Sport and Exercise Science
Tanya Buchanan


Jadakiss and Swizz Beatz doing Who's Real Jadakiss and Swizz Beatz doing Who'sReal on stage at SummerJam '09.
Jadakiss on stage Jadakiss on stage at SummerJam '09.
Busta Rhymes and Jadakiss on stage Busta Rhymes and Jadakiss on stage at SummerJam '09.


What story features a collection of young, scrappy, and hungry leads, an out-of-touch king, an unlikely ensemble of friends and adversaries, and a wealth of fabulous military coats?
In the midst of a revolution (and a revelation), the answer seems obvious: Hamilton!
But with iconic lines about taking risks, dreaming big, changing your stars and taking life into your hands, it's impossible not to notice how well lines of Lin-Manuel Miranda's marvelous play pair with characters from the Shades of Magic series.
Follow V. E. Schwab on Twitter, on Facebook, and on her blog.


Scarecrow Gourmet Apples are a creative (and tasty) way to show gratitude and take very little time to make with everything located in the KRAFT Bake Center, helping moms make budget friendly recipes and fabulous fall favorites.
Fall can be an extremely busy season but as we approach a time of gratitude, I think it is extremely important to show our appreciation to those around us… the every day heroes that enhance our lives and bring joy to our days.
At the KRAFT Bake Center at Walmart, you can find tons of inspiration for snacks and desserts that will thrill your loved ones without busting a hole in your budget.
I decided to give a special "just because" gift to my children's teachers and made these adorable Scarecrow Gourmet Apples.
I love making designer apples with adorable faces. Honestly, I have had the idea for a Scarecrow Gourmet Apple for years but lacked the reason to create it.
To create these apples, you only need about a hour. I know… they look like they take much longer but they are really easy.
Next, cover the apple with melted caramel. I like using the KRAFT Caramel Bits because they melt quickly and smoothly in the microwave. Refrigerate the apples while you melt the white chocolate.
Cook's Note: Use BAKER'S White Chocolate, not white morsels or almond bark as these are actually vanilla-flavored and not real chocolate.
After you cover the apples with white chocolate, you will sprinkle the apples with toasted coconut before adding facial features with candy and putting the apples back in the refrigerator to chill.
Puncture a hole through each ice cream cone and then dip the top edge in the remaining white chocolate, and roll in toasted coconut. This covers the edge of the ice cream cone where it meets the apple and gives the appearance that the scarecrow has more straw hair than he actually does.
When the white chocolate has set, you can add the cone to your scarecrow.
Since I have never seen two scarecrows look exactly the same, I scrounge around my candy stash for the eyes, nose, and mouth, making each face slightly different.
Adorn the scarecrows hat with a ribbon and he is ready to go.
Or, wrap the apples in cellophane before adding the ribbon. In a pinch, you can use plastic wrap. In some instances, I actually prefer the plastic wrap because you can see the character's face so much easier than through cellophane.
These gourmet apples are so delicious. The toasted coconut with the white chocolate over creamy caramel really enhance the tartness of the apple. They are so amazing that you might want to make an extra just to keep.
Toast coconut on a baking sheet under broiler of toaster oven. Watch carefully and stir every minute until browned. Allow to cool completely.
Wash and dry apples, removing stems. Push a dowel through each apple, allowing the apple to rest upside down.
In a microwave safe bowl, melt caramel according to package directions. Carefully spoon caramel over each apple, letting the excess caramel drip back into the bowl. Place apples on waxed paper (sprayed with non-stick cooking spray) and put in the refrigerator to chill while you melt the white chocolate.
In a clean and dry microwave safe bowl, melt the white chocolate according to package directions. Allow to cool slightly and then spoon over apples, letting the excess drip back into the bowl.
Roll part of the apple in toasted coconut and sprinkle some over the top to resemble a hairline. Decorate the face using candies.
Puncture a hole in the bottom of each ice cream cone using an extra dowel. Dip top edge in white chocolate and then roll in toasted coconut.
After the coconut has dried, place the cone hats on each apple as a hat.


I'm not sure where I got this recipe -- probably from my grandma when she first gifted me with a bread machine many moons ago. But it's a keeper. A great everyday loaf to eat with dinner or make into sandwiches. And warm, with butter oozing into every little crevice? Mmmmm.
I'm sure I will return to cooking something other than breads and cookies eventually. What is it about the dark, sometimes dreary winter months that make baking sound like the perfect leisure-time activity?
Dump everything into your handy-dandy bread machine in order listed. Push the magic button and voila. Four hours later you will be inhaling the delicious aroma of homemade bread and slathering on the butter and thinking you really should cook some carrots pretty soon.
..."with butter oozing into every little crevice?"
Oooh you just made my mouth water.
This bread is full of such good ingredients and flavors!
What a beautiful bread...and oh my, with butter...amazing!!
honey is so good in bread, this looks amazing!
Oh M. Kate, I am sorry you haven't had any luck with baking bread. I never made it regularly until I got a bread machine. It is such a worthwhile purchase, as long as you're not on a low-carb diet :) Because that bread sure does make the whole house smell terrific. Which, of course, makes you want to eat it.
Mmmm Lynn this looks delicious!
Thankyou for your kind comments on my blog.