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IMF – the Irresponsible Money Fund
June 7, 2015 83 Comments
Before the Euro crisis the IMF was the model of financial rectitude. It lent sensible sums of money to distressed countries, imposing strict requirements for change on them to ensure it would be repaid and to help the country back onto the path of solvency and growth. It usually combined a fiscal squeeze, recommending lower deficits and lower public spending, with a monetary expansion, allowing the private sector to grow. Devaluing the currency was usually part of the remedy, to divert more work into exports and to cut the volume of imports.
That IMF had its critics. Some thought the medicine too acerbic. Some wanted the IMF to lend more on more generous terms. The IMF mainly lent to poorer countries, and was often part of a pressure by the world community to encourage healthy financial discipline by the borrowers.
All this has been stood on its head. The IMF now seems to be primarily a prop for the Euro and for the wider EU area of influence. It is amazing that three quarters of all the IMF's current lending is to just four European countries. Three are Euro members, Portugal, Greece and Ireland. The fourth is war torn Ukraine. These countries remain amongst the world's richer countries despite the damage the Euro and in the case of the Ukraine civil war has inflicted.
What is worse few think Greece can repay all its debts, including the IMF loans. There are question marks over how the Ukraine is going to manage, all the time civil war destroys economic activity, kills people and reduces productive assets to rubble.
The new IMF has allowed itself to be used as a prop and source of finance for the ailing Euro project and for the unsuccessful foreign policy of the EU. The IMF has swung from arguably being too tough on poor countries in need of help, to being too lenient on richer countries locked into a foolish monetary union which is damaging their output and jobs. How can the IMF defend its actions over Greece, as the extra loans have become part of the problem. Some in the Greek government do not even recognise the legality of many of Greece's borrowings, let alone the wisdom of making the advances and the feasibility of repaying them.
I raised at the time of their first loans to Euro countries the question how could a traditional IMF programme work for a Euro member, when they could not demand looser money within a particular Euro state, and they could not encourage a devaluation of that state's currency against the German currency because they shared the same money. Perhaps with the encouragement of the IMF the whole Euro zone is now following a looser money policy and devaluing its currency, but the great imbalances between the richer and poorer countries within the zone remains as they cannot sort that out by currency adjustments.
The IMF has become the Irresponsible Money Fund. It needs to be aware that many in the developing world will think this deliberate skew of IMF funds to the richer advanced countries is unjustified. Many IMF shareholder states will be even angrier if it turns out that some of the excessive sums advanced will never be paid back. The IMF owes us an explanation of how Ukraine will be stabilised and turned into a fast growing productive economy again. Above all we need to hear from the IMF how they think Greece can repay all her debts and enjoy proper economic growth, to try at least to recapture the 25% of output and incomes they have lost so far since 2007.
IMF Lending June 2015 in SDRs
Portugal 17.8bn
Greece 16.8bn
Ukraine 7.0bn
Ireland 3.8bn
Total 45.4bn
World total 60.8bn
The UK's quota or IMF share is 4.51%. The UK's share in the ECB where the losses on Greece could be much larger than the IMF ones is only 0.7% as we are not a Euro member. The main losses will fall to Germany, France and Italy, the largest members and shareholders in the ECB.
Exactly as you say "The IMF has swung from arguably being too tough on poor countries in need of help, to being too lenient on richer countries locked into a foolish monetary union which is damaging their output and jobs."
Surely a condition of such lending should be that they get out of the damaging monetary union.
Remind us how much Osborne (and Darling before him) have borrowed (secured on the back of future UK tax payers) to lend on to the IMF. What is total UK lending and/or guarantees to the IMF?
Only 50 Tory MPs in Conservatives for Britain? Is that really the best they can do? How depressing, and even they seem still to cling to the absurd idea that Cameron may negotiate something substantive. Cameron has not even mentioned anything substantive that he wants as yet.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/eureferendum/11657082/conservatives-plot-britains-eu-exit.html
In Mr Cameron's shoes I would play the negotiations as he is doing – keeping my cards close to my chest, outlining some broad objectives and making clear there needs to be something on the table the UK population will accept. Loud demands likely to force counter parties into a corner would not be sensible. Remember if a referendum was called today it would probably be 2/3 – 1/3 for In as in 1975. This will go to the wire. Interesting interview yesterday with Anders Fogh Rasmussen, a Danish minister in 1992. The Danes rejected Maastricht, the EU panicked, gave 4 important opt-outs and then the Danes accepted it – and aren't in the euro with all its liabilities today. Perhaps that's even what will happen in the UK. An awful lot could be baked in to an opt out from 'ever closer union'.
Good post JR. The question is:why has Cameron allowed the IMF to support the Euro currency when its remit is to help ailing countries such as Greece? Countries outside the RU in the IMF might be out numbered by Europeans but they will not tolerate it forever. U.S. Only goes along because it wants the UK subsumed in the EU, as Obama made clear then back tracked a little not to be so obvious. Cameron continues to support the EU and Euro directly, bail out to Ireland and indirectly through the IMF and then pretends he is negotiating for better terms when he could have used levers for the fiscal pact etc, his counter parts must smile and think the UK public is stupid through his continued deceit- ie I will not pay the extra £1.7 billion demanded by the EU. He gives them our money then announces cuts at home! Ian Birrell, speech writer for Cameron, writes a good piece in the DT today about the hugely wasteful overseas aid.
You say playing his cards close to his chest, but this is not really a sensible analogy. We/the EU & everyone all knows what card he holds. The politics/power of the position is clear for all to see. There is no point (in gamesmanship terms) whatsoever in his not making clear some substantive demands now as it would make them hard to resist. The EU would not want him to seen not to get what is needed or risk him calling for out. So in the negotiation game his approach is foolish.
The only reason he is not making sensible substantive demands at all is that he clearly only want fig leafs and will come back with them like Wilson lying he was hugely successful.
That is clearly the game he is playing. That and having a distorting question, a biased BBC and an unfair balance of funding.
If we look at the last EU election and take UKIP votes, 50% of the Tories and say 20% of labour we get nearly 45% for out. I think that is a fairly good indication. The No side can certainly win – that is why he is ensuring a sloped pitch, BBC & slanted question.
I think there will be an underestimation for out of the EU, we saw what the public felt during the EU elections. The outs need to raise nationalism like the Tories did. At the election.
Cameron needs to answer why he allowed support from the IMF for the Euro currency and save French and German banks, instead of Greece which is the IMF remit? This in addition to bailing out Ireland. This was the job of the IMF not UK taxpayer. He has shown much evidence to keep the EU project going without anything in return and they are still not offering anything substantive. Transaction action tax, bank break ups, for what in return? JR, it is very surprising you trust him based on his record to date.
Obama is quoted as saying today at he G7 that he looks forward to the UK remaining in the EU. A Good sound reason as any to get out.
1. We know about this, because we know from the internal history:
http://issuu.com/fcohistorians/docs/1_spreckley_report_-_part_1
that is what happened last time; Wilson had barely moved into No 10 before civil servants had persuaded him not to ask for any treaty change, or indeed anything else which would actually make a real difference, and so he didn't.
2. On the second time of asking the Danes accepted the Maastricht Treaty exactly as it was when they had rejected it on the first time of asking, the only difference being a promise that protocols would be added to the treaties the next time they were revised. Likewise with the Irish and the Lisbon Treaty, which was not changed in any way at all before they voted again in the second referendum, they voted merely on the promise of changes being made later. And that is one way that Cameron might contrive to rush on to a referendum as soon as next May, by getting just a promise of changes rather than the changes being implemented before the referendum.
£17 million for the YES side and £8 million for the NO side, plus the biased question too it seems. Further more public bodies who are pretty much are pro EU will not be banned from spending on pro EU propaganda in the last 28 days either (or before that). Cameron can also choose the timing to suit the YES side and doubtless will do.
I did say Cameron would never deliver a fair referendum.
I see before the second debate this Tuesday Mr Cameron, it is reported, has already said he wants to scrap the "Purdah" rules which presently stops government propaganda from so called official sources for the last 28 days before a referendum.
Thus be sure that official documents will pour out during the last month of the campaign saying the EU has magical powers and we should stay in no matter what the cost.
If Purdah was good enough for the Scottish referendum, why not for the UK one.
He does not want a fair referendum as it is too close for comfort. So there is a bias to the question, unequal funding and no purdah.
The govt has scrapped the select committee for parliament and constitutional change. Rather odd bearing in mind the Tory manifesto.
Lifelogic–John cannot do more and he is doing his best but this gives the lie to the idea that The Conservatives are a Eurosceptic Party, even if, as they hope and as is to be hoped the 50 drifts up to nearer a 100. I have always thought that claim ridiculous.
I agree he is doing his best but I suspect it will not be enough. Without the slanted field I think we would vote out but Cameron had sloped the pitch. Hopefully they still will vote out (or Cameron will get so little that even he comes to his senses). Not that he is asking for anything.
At least it is a start!
I never had a great deal of faith in CMD. I think the whole EU vote will be a wind up in that he with the BBC give the illusion that things will and have changed to get the Yes vote. To hear today that all cabinet ministers have to adhear to the plan what a joke that is.
Things I know are rapidly changing but I thought we were still a democracy at the moment at least.
Well, at least as the government only has a Commons majority of 12 it would take fewer than 50 rebels to force it to either:
a) Accept a fairer referendum question and exclude all foreign citizens from voting, or
b) Rely on the SNP or other opposition MPs to force through the unfair question and incorrect franchise presently laid down in the Bill.
Reply The Coalition regularly relied on Labour to agree to EU powers and laws we did not like in the last Parliament.
I'm disappointed you haven't risen to my reference to the SNP.
And look who they will be up against: David Cameron, Ed Miliband, Nick Clegg, Ken Clarke, Tony Blair, Peter Mandelson, Michael Hesseltine, William Hague, Chris Huhne, Yvette Cooper, Gordon Brown, Sepp Blatter
The best EU-sceptic poster would be a gigantic photo-montage of all these people saying vote YES one more time!
Well written! thank you. If you put a Eurocrat in charge of the IMF, then – bingo! – where does the money go?
I have a friend whose Mum and Dad live in Eastern Ukraine. In order to give their car to their son, who lives in Krakow, they had to travel right through Russia to get to the capital of their country – Kiev. They came back by bus (no sensible trains, no air) again through Russia because large parts of their native country are now war zones.
These, my friend tells me, are people who are well-to do businesspeople who have lived all their lives in Ukraine and brought up their children there. Now they cower in a cellar.
Graspingatstraws
The IMF is purely a tool of US foreign policy. When you realise that their actions are entirely predictable. Washington wants the EU to continue so it's current bought and paid for leaders will carry on looting economies for the benefit of banks. They want Ukraine's illegal fascist government to continue attacking ethnic Russians and draw Russia into conflict with the EU. They use the IMF to weaken or destroy poor countries that look like they might improve the lot of their citizens at the expense of US corporations profits.
Think of the EU as a forward office of the US State Department, the IMF as US Treasury loan shark and all working for the benefit of the ".1%" that are the true beneficiaries of war, chaos and economic slavery.
Washington wanted the EU so that America would not have to send its sons to fight and die in a third European war, and instead western Europe could be a protective bulwark against the Soviet Union. That was why the CIA covertly funded the European Movement, as has been proved beyond any reasonable doubt. However if it could be so arranged that there were profits to be made by American companies then obviously that would be an added incentive.
Michael Walzer
What are SDRs? What is the conclusion from the last paragraph? Does the UK get out of the IMF?
A teacher would not give any high mark for such a fuzzy essay.
Reply Special Drawing Rights – IMF currency. I am not recommending we leave the IMF but suggesting an change of IMF policy.
Extraordinary information thanks for setting it out. Can this all be down to the influence of euro enthusiast Madame Lagarde? It seems very odd other govts – the U.S. For example – haven't objected. It is clear Greece cannot possibly recover within the euro zone without massive debt write offs and fiscal transfers from Germany and others which won't be made. Even if they were it would just shore up the absurd leftist Syriza and prevent any real free market reforms. Greece needs to leave the euro, there will be automatic write downs of debt due to re-denomination. Being then clearly obliged to stand on their own feet the Greek people will shortly elect a government which will implement sensible reforms to make Greece viable and competitive again. Those who have made these loans and caused taxpayer losses in IMF and ECB shareholder countries should then be held to account.
The failure is down to allowing politics to get in the way of financial commonsense.
Short of fraud and outright theft, many governments in the World put politics before sound financial planning, their people eventually pay the price.
Those who made the decisions usually retire and enjoy their new found wealth and huge pensions for the rest of their life.
Is our Government making any representations to the IMF (as a member) with regards to their lending policy John.
petermartin2001
The monetary situation vis-a-vis Greece and the EU is really no different to the State of Mississippi and the USA, or even Northern Ireland and the UK. If these regions need money then it's down to govts in the USA and UK, in conjunction with their central banks of the Fed and BoE, to provide that money. These regions are part of the dollar and the pound common currency zones. There is no need for any IMF involvement. Neither is there any need for the IMF to become involved in lending to Greece and other eurozone countries.
The ECB was, and still is, capable of creating as many euros as are necessary to fix any problems in the eurozone. They don't need any outside help. The IMF should leave the problem to the eurozone and EU as whole. If any loans are required it should be to the whole of the eurozone. They would then be totally safe for the lender, but I cannot foresee any future eventuality which might cause them to be necessary.
Yes the eurozone needs to create an economic union having created a monetary union.
Or break up the monetary union.
Yes that's the choice
I agree that once the ECB had started to indirectly fund the budget deficit of the Greek government by financing purchases of its bonds on the secondary market there was no technical need to ask countries around the world, including some much poorer countries, to all chip in to help Greece through the IMF. So it can only be presumed that the contribution from the IMF that was really wanted by the EU was not money but its propaganda value, an injection of credibility and respectability . "Look, the IMF has agreed to help Greece, as it has helped other countries in trouble; so you can see that this is not just a problem for the EU, and it is really nothing to do with the euro, Greece is just another country which has got itself into difficulties and has had to turn to the IMF, even though that global organisation has a reputation for being very strict with those it helps".
Was it not a question that the IMF lent to Greece to keep French and German banks afloat? They were using Greece as a route to unofficially help Franco/German banks?
Yes, but as Peter says the ECB could have done everything that was required, there was no practical reason to involve the IMF. But as JR said in his first sentence "Before the Euro crisis the IMF was the model of financial rectitude" – albeit it had critics for the severity of the measures it imposed in some cases – which meant that there was considerable propaganda value in getting it involved.
That's the best part of £1bn we can write off as our share of the IMF money paid to Greece. Add to that the 0.7% of an unspecified number in ECB loans. Primarily because the relentless EU drive towards the destruction of European nation states and replacing them with a country called Europe.
In this process they seem to have effectively dominated the IMF (last two heads from France). The EU has not had its accounts signed off for 19 consecutive years. These things happen but nothing is done.
Who is complicit?
(words left out – wanting an investigation into where the money has gone and why)
"Irresponsible" is indeed its new name and it seems to have abandoned "international" in favour of "European" which will not sit well with the rest of the world, especially as the funds lent to Greece were used in great part to bailout French and German banks.
The Telegraph newspaper recently commented on the IMF's betrayal of its own mission and said "Yet leaked minutes from the IMF board meetings showed that all the emerging market members (and Switzerland) opposed the terms of the first loan package for Greece. They protested that it was intended to save the euro, not Greece. "
It also quoted the IMF representative of India, Arvind Virmani, as saying about Greece that "The scale of the fiscal reduction without any monetary policy offset is unprecedented. It is a mammoth burden that the economy could hardly bear. Even if, arguably, the programme is successfully implemented, it could trigger a deflationary spiral of falling prices, falling employment and falling fiscal revenues that could eventually undermine the programme itself" and notes that is exactly what has come about.
The astuteness of Chancellor Osborne's decision to ignore American hostility and join the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is to be especially congratulated in the light of the irresponsibility of the IMF.
(Telegraph article link – http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11654639/IMF-has-betrayed-its-mission-in-Greece-captive-to-EMU-creditors.html)
ColinD.
The IMF policy has been stood on its head since Christine Lagarde took over. I suggest that this woman is more interested in supporting the EU than other parts of the world. Perhaps she is polishing her credential with a view to getting a top EU Commission job?
They Work for Us?
Thank you for these revelations. They are clear evidence that when Mme Largarde is replaced that the post should not go to anyone connected to the EU.
It would appear that a group of Conservative MPs including yourself and Owen Patterson has been formed in order to try to push David Cameron to seek real and actual reform of the EU and not to be allowed to use the propaganda of the state to campaign for a stay in vote come what may. Once again you deserve thanks from all of us. Do we need a temporary sort of office of budget responsibility on EU as the referendumk begins to loom?
What is the real motive for some of our senior politicians to want to stay in the EU at all costs. Is it to remain as part of a cosy coterie of "the important people", should we be formulating a conspiracy theory to explain the motives? Whatever it is, it will be at all our cost.
As has been said before what is the end game of all of this (other than to drift along and not rock the boat)?
It is reported to day in the Sunday Times that:-
The EU can spend millions to back the yes vote and also that serial pension mugger Osborne (following pension mugger Brown) is going to attack salary sacrifice. So you cannot put more into pension or other benefits and thus recover your child benefit or personal allowances (which Osborne also took off higher earners).
Still Cameron is a low tax Conservative at heart – he claims. Cameron seems to have no intention of any serious EU negotiation or of conducting a fair and honest referendum.
Just stop all the waste Dave – start with the Swansea Barrage, HS2 and all the greencrap grants then fire the circa 50% of the state sector that do more harm than good.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/11657474/Insane-crazy-the-riddle-of-the-sands-in-Swansea.html
We shall see what Amber Rudd make of it I am not very hopeful.
She seems to be stopping onshore wind subsidies which is a major advance from the LibDem influence of the last govt.
But offshore, PV and the Swansea barrage make even less sense than on shore wind. They are clear economic lunacy, Can the Amber not do simple arithmetic or understand any science?
Perhaps not as she read History at Edinburgh after Cheltenham Ladies' College. Still better than Oxford PPE I suppose. But hardly someone who should be making any decisions on energy systems.
the whole renewables thing is an utter disgrace but all encouraged and sanctioned by the EU. For this reason alone we should get out and pursue a more reliable and economic source of energy – one that could create thousands of real jobs and not those that are being subsidised by all of us. This tidal lagoon will cost energy consumers a fortune and we still need fossil fuel back up. Not long before all fossil fuel power station shut down because they cannot operate profitably.
As for the IMF debacle. Sound like something that FIFA might be running???!!!
I just hope the 50 or so Conservative ministers who are pushing for a NO vote, yourself included John, get a fair share of air time to let the public know what is really going on. All the things that get highlighted on these pages must be put out the a wider audience. Perhaps then, we might get a sensible decision.
I was amused by the claim from some feminists that the FIFA corruption scandal wouldn't have happened if a woman had been in charge.
That is the trouble these people just cannot decide if women are just the same as men (thus any variance in proportions is evidence of clear huge "discrimination") or the genders are entirely different – better at communication, languages, empathy, multitasking, co-operation, team work, non confrontational etc.
The reason so few girls choose to study maths, physics, computer studies at A level, play chess etc. and far more study languages, humanities is (they suggest) even more "discrimination".
Woman's hour is hilarious as the dance irrationally around these issues.
The BBC can hardly discuss anything in Engineering or Science without finding a woman exemplar to explain it all to us. All BBC scientists and staff seem to have to be on message Climate change too.
Life logic
You are really hitting all the right pressure points with me.
The way that the governments bow in homage to all this greencrap begs belief.
Apart from about a 100 in Westminster who have view akin to our host how many of the rest even know let alone understand the full implications of what they are doing.
Q: How many turbines of all types are installed on shore throughout the UK?
A: We don't know.
Just about sums it up. The RE Lobby is running this country.
Stop the lot and stop it now. Then once we know actually what the country has and its true cost then and only then decide on a course of action.
Heard today from a teacher who had been invited along with lots of others to the NATS centre at Prestwick. They informed the group that they recieve £1m per wind farm for coping with the distruption with their radar.
I wonder where and what budget that comes out of. Never heard of this being raised in the house at PMQT. Funny that.
This ain't rocket science.
It is all perceived to be just about as bent as FIFA and the IMF.
You could, as they say, not make it up. And to think that Frau Merkel used to scoff at the then possibility of the EU needing IMF help; indeed at one point she proclaimed that the very idea was out of the question and would not be allowed
I am a great admirer of Christine Lagarde but putting her at the head of the IMF was a huge mistake. What could George Osborne have been thinking of when he nominated her ? The outcome was entirely predictable – it has been like putting a child in charge of a sweet shop :
Billions have been recklessly diverted to prop up the Euro and particularly Greece when it was obvious to everyone without an economics degree that there is no hope of ever recovering the money.
There were far more pressing financial needs in the third world but as a consequence of the failure of the IMF to help, China has stepped in and bought influence by financing and building new infrastructure, particularly in Africa and South America.
As for the UK, we may only be into the IMF for 4.55% of their total loans but on the £16.8bn lent to Greece, that exposure is £757m which is almost £12 for every man woman and child in the UK.
The 0.7% of the £250bn in EU bail out money that we are responsible for may seem even more insignificant but in fact it's much worse : It's £27 for every man, woman and child in the UK and we will almost certainly not see any of it repaid.
Perhaps we should help their economy in a more creative way and all go on a Greek Island holiday. We could get our money back by demand a couple of vouchers for free meals.
Those people who take an interest in this sort of thing such as posters to this site know full well what has gone on and what is going on. The problem is getting the message across to those that do not know, and don't forget that George Osbourne was one of the leading lights in backing Christine Lagarde to lead the IMF. It was a total love-in between the two of them so I doubt there will be much criticism from our government.
It's politics John exactly as we know it.
John Maynard Keynes did not trust financial markets to operate within the Bretton Woods system, so he invented the IMF. He designed it to manage the system of fixed exchange rates and low capital movements. The IMF monitored semi-pegged exchange rates; currency convertibility and was to be lender of last resort for countries facing short-term balance-of-payments crises.
Now, Bretton Woods is long gone; we have few pegged currencies and massive trading of floating fiat currencies. Massive capital flows around the planet that dwarf BoP numbers. All in much larger quantities than the IMF could ever contemplate getting involved with.
Time to close it down and the World Bank with it. There are far too many of these "supra-national" outfits going about the planet. The EU being but one of them.
This is right, 'acorn'. The IMF was invented to help the management of the Bretton Woods monetary system. The entire Bretton Woods structure was pushed through by the Americans with the headquarters of the IMF and World Bank located in Washington to remind people who was running the show. (A little like having the European Central Bank located in Frankfurt, in fact.)
After the collapse of Bretton Woods there was no particular reason to keep the IMF going at all, but following the theory that no international organisation which serves the Davos crowd can be abolished, the IMF carried on regardless. In particular, it became an agent of Western and American foreign policy. It now clearly sees itself as an organisation which should buttress the EU and this means helping to ensure the Euro does not fold. This helps explain why, as John points out, the IMF is giving so much money to Eurozone countries The Ukraine figures highly because it is a target country for EU expansion and bringing it into the Western orbit would also weaken Russia.
The behaviour of the IMF has not gone unnoticed elsewhere in the world. Other countries want to lend money, gain influence and win friends. The Chinese, much to the annoyance of the US, have launched their own Asian Development Bank and there is always the BRIC bank. I see that Putin has offered membership of this to the Greeks.
What does this mean for the UK? The Indian PM on his recent visit to China said the 21st century would be the Asian century and he must be right. In the coming EU referendum, the case for 'out' must make the positive case that the future growth in the world economy will occur mainly in Asia, not in a sclerotic and bureaucratic Europe obsessed with carbon targets. Of all European countries, the UK should be the best able to position itself for the new century. Exit from the EU and a declaration of free trade with the whole world would be a mighty sign that the UK embraces this new future.
Yes there is really no reason for two World banks. Whether we need even one is debatable – but the World Bank and the IMF could easily be merged for starters.
Developed countries like the UK, USA Japan etc don't need the IMF. Their currencies can just float. The respective source of pounds, dollars, Yen are the countries which issue them. The IMF cannot issue them so why would the UK need to borrow ££ from them?
They don't. It's a pity the Labour Government of James Callaghan didn't understand that in the 70's. Calling in the IMF, when there was no need, was a huge political blunder !
I'm not sure that's entirely correct, Peter. While it's true that if a country has its own currency then its government can arrange for the issue of as much of that national currency as it likes that doesn't mean that anybody outside its jurisdiction has to accept it in payment.
I find that back in February it was being said that the verdict in the French trial of Dominique Strauss-Kahn………… would be delivered on June 12th, next Friday. It may be recalled that he was the managing director of the IMF until May 2011 when he was forced to resign over allegations of criminality, and in July 2011 he was replaced by Christine Lagarde.
It may also be recalled that she was the French Finance Minister in early May 2010 at the time of the first illegal bailout of Greece.
Why do I say that it was illegal? Not least because Christine Lagarde herself cheerfully admitted it, in an interview with the Wall Street Journal in December 2010:
"We violated all the rules because we wanted to close ranks and really rescue the euro zone."
"The Greek and Irish rescues – €110 billion and €67.5 billion, respectively – and the creation of the bailout fund were, Ms. Lagarde said, "major transgressions" of the Lisbon Treaty that is the European Union's governing document. "The Treaty of Lisbon," she says, "was very straightforward. No bailing out.""
Now in contrast she is telling the Greek government:
"We have rules, we have principles. There can be no half-baked program review."
I'm always sceptical about conspiracy theories, but there do seem to be some strange coincidences in the way that the head of the IMF was removed and replaced by one of the participants in the illegal scheme to bail out Greece in May 2010.
All of this is in the public domain, if not in the public consciousness.
Comment missed for moderation here, JR, but I expect it will come up again at the end of the week when the verdict is made public. If it emerges that there were never any serious grounds for the removal of the previous head of the IMF then I expect it will be questioned why that was done and by whom.
Mr Redwood, I remember you warning of the risk of lending to Greece via the IMF when it happened.
It's not just the IMF but own treasury that needs to answer questions.
One question comes to mind: what advice was given to the Chancellor about the risks involved in making this advance?
SallyC
For IMF read USA.
Defining the IMF as the Irresponsible Money Fund, yet wishing to stay with it and hoping for reform it is at best misguided. We have seen in the FIFA scandal that staying with and tolerating a corrupt organisation or with one that has endemic flaws and with a potential for corruption is a mistake for anyone. It gives encouragement to those who are steering the wrong path. Time and again we have seen that it prolongs the life of such organisations and people and more harm is done.
It is similar with the EU. And why is Cameron so keen to push his begging bowl in front of the Chinese for their money – they will demand things we can never get back. His views and those of many are a betrayal and a disgrace. Is he so weak, foolish and desperate and without pride? Is everything for sale? Is every bidder no matter (who ed) welcome?
I can't imagine you have friends who you know are on the wrong side of the law and yet eat and drink with them.
We are judged by the company we keep; it should apply as much to nations as it does to individuals.
Reply China is a serious trading and investment partner whose investment in the UK is welcome.
I find it worse than intriguing that you feel it essential to spring to the defence of China. Would you have done the same for Russia had it been her? Is it the case that China is good because she has lots of money and wields power we cannot match? I believe they already have a hold on our nuclear power industry and now this.
Maybe you could explain the difference between the two with reference to China's aggression in the South China Sea and Russia's action in Crimea. Why no sanctions against China? There is surely a moral position to be explained quite apart from the risk to our national interests.
Well done for starting the OUT campaign. I'm sure you know what an uphill task you have set yourself.
Will we ever be enlightened as to what the negotiations include as I don't see any effort to repatriate any competences from Brussels.
It seems to me that we are standing to lose a significant amount of money via the IMF and ECB plus the bilateral loan to Ireland. Never mind we can always reduce the defence budget further to pay for this profligacy.
IMF; The Fed; BoE; ECB; OBR; TUC; CBI; The City; The Street; The Stock Market; School; University; Parliament; The Whore House.
Many people have become institutionalised. They grow up, perhaps, thinking certain acronyms such as IMF are an authoritative and integral cog even a powerhouse of everything we are.
Quite alarming. These institutions many hold in high regard are maybe with the exception of the Whore House just rooms, boxes, containing tables, chairs with an odd assortment of people in-ing and out-ing sometimes coming to collective conclusions which each individual does not necessarily own. They are interactive moving parts of a machine; hence, the often inhuman decisions counter-intuitively violating human common-sense which they reach.
So,the IMF machine lent money to the Greek machine which immediately shredded it ( that's what it was designed for. ) and the IMF machine is designed to ignore the obvious and keep the financial money-package-juggling process airborne.
Most if not all the political and financial acronym machines in the UK, Europe and America will mechanistically advocate and prolong the Greek Tragedy. Will produce every statistical financial nonsense to keep the EU machine groaning and rolling on to a broken bridge they are designed to ignore.
A systemic error. No-one to blame.
Aatif Ahmad
Actually, it never recommended loose money policies for poor countries. It's standard prescription was to raise interest rates as well as cut public spending. This is what it prescribed during the Asian financial crisis, mainly to prevent sharp devaluations and the consequent insolvency for domestic borrowers who had borrowed in foreign currency.
Countries like Malaysia suffered less badly because they rejected the advice given by its empty suit academic economists.
majorfrustration
Standby for a request from the IMF to its members for more capital. With French Presidents of the IMF over the last ten years what do you expect – first rule of the IMF is to bail out French banks. Simples
Taken over by the left/liberal wets.
Stuart B
Truncate our commitment to the IMF, invite Greece to join the Commonwealth upon Brexit and Grexit, and start to set up contingent bilateral investment deals. Give them back the Marbles as an earnest!
It's Sunday afternoon, it is patently obvious I'm no economist, but I've always felt we owe them something, for the way we left them in the sewage in '46.
Just imagine with the UK on board the EU's debt burden would be significantly eased.To marry into a debt ridden family is not attractive.We can love them from afar and strengthen our own prospects.
Margaret,
The EU, or the eurozone, as a whole, doesn't have an undue debt burden or a debt problem.
They have a we-don't-understand- how-to-run-a-common-currency problem!
PS I might just add that your marriage analogy isn't far off the mark. A successful marriage is a lot like a currency union. Each partner has to stop thinking in terms of his or her money and instead think of it as their joint money.
I'm not saying its impossible to have a successful relationship without having joint accounts etc but it's much harder. Especially if one of the partners is much richer than the other. I can't quite imagine leaving my wife at home when I went on a holiday which I could afford, say, but she couldn't!
As ever the problem with the EU and the single currency is that the voters of the important EU countries, ie those few including the UK, Germany and France, that are using their taxpayer's money to bankroll all the others, are completely at odds with the politicians.
Using the marriage analogy, it's like one partner having almost their entire family against the marriage yet they push on regardless.
In the EU's case, German taxpayers do not want to see their money continuing to disappear into the black hole that is ClubMed and the French, like the Brits, are dead against loss of Sovereignty and rule from Brussels. Yet that's exactly what they are going to get if the politicians continue to ignore the people and persist with the dead duck that is the Euro.
As for the other countries, there is a perfect analogy with FIFA : a majority of the voting countries, all who have an equal vote, are net recipients of oodles of cash from the minority and will never vote for the gravy train to end.
The analogy is even closer : The EU accounts may not be quite as corrupt as FIFI, but, like the members and staff of FIFA. everyone working for the Brussels machine including European Parliament members have a vested interest in keeping the whole rotten show on the road.
We need to break free of it once and for all.
We do have a debt burden Peter, as long as we continue to honour the terms of our loans in that we have agreed eventually to repay it.
Or are you suggesting the UK and other EU nations just make plain to all those who lend them money that they are going to refuse to repay?
This would make the next requests for loans a bit tricky.
Presumably we would then try the Zimbabwe option when we cannot borrow and just print.
Edward2,
The UK national debt is 90% of GDP. Its not a huge amount historically. Those debts are owned by those who hold any govt securities like gilts or even National Savings. There's no question of anyone not being paid out on the assets they own. Even that £10 note in your wallet is a govt liability. So we need govt to assume those liabilities. They are our financial assets.
Govt doesn't seek out loans like we might if we were buying a house or a car. Govt doesn't need to raise loans or taxes to spend. Think of what has to happen at 'time zero' when Govt is establishing a new currency. It can't borrow any money and it can't raise money from taxation for the simple reason that no-one has any. It must first spend the money into existence.
So logically the spending must come first. Taxation follows later to control inflation. Bond issuance follows later to establish the level of long term interest rates in the economy.
At point Genesis, the Government doesn't actually "spend" money it just creates money either by printing or by allowing banks lines of credit or by other electronic means.
But even then it has to take care that this initial supply equals an amount that balances the effective wealth of the nation.
Otherwise the paper currency will have no backing due to a lack of confidence in it and people will use other mediums of exchange or other methods as stores of value..
So I think you are confusing both the initial and subsequent control of the money supply with Government spending.
To say our debt burden is unimportant or even "a financial asset" is not in my opinion correct.
And I do not agree with your claim that "Govt doesn't need to raise loans or taxes to spend".
I forgot to mention taxation. At point Genesis (as you put it) Govt has to simultaneously spend and impose taxation in the units of the spending. Otherwise it doesn't work.
Imagine a colonial power arriving in a pre-monetary society – the first step has to be the imposition of power by military force. The next step is to impose a tax, say on the native dwelling huts, payable in a new currency. If the tax isn't paid the hut is burnt down. Of the course the native people can only get the currency by working for their new colonial masters which is the object of the exercise.
The colonialists don't really want or need their tokens back.
That's how it worked then and that how it still works. Maybe we don't get our huts burnt down but we get sent to jail if we don't pay our taxes.
Is that what our ancient monarchs did when we moved from bartering to coins of the realm?
I dont think that is what they did Peter.
Your huts analogy is interesting but irrelevant.
I still feel you mistake a tendency to balance long term with being in perpetual balance.
As well as mistaking adjustments in money supply with Government spending.
But it is an interesting economic theory.
Tim L
Wherever I post this question I get no direct answer.
Poland has said it again today; Even if the uk is outside the EU we have to pay for access to the single market.
I can understand Norway does so, but given that we have a trade defeceipt the Polish claim is surely incorrect and we would simply trade on the same terms as the rest of the world.
After all, no other country outside the EU pays for access, but they would be subject to their regulations. Just as the EU will have to meet uk regulations.
Reply If we leave they cannot make us pay an access charge!
We should push for the EU to pay us for access to our lucrative home market.
Seems to be rather sensible, when you say it out loud.
Think we may end up with our own Greece in the monetary Union being Scotland. I doubt we will cling on to such a great extent as the Eurozone. I think 10 years from now Scotland will be independent. Either by choice or by a Greece like mismanagement of their finances ans the UK kicks it out of the monetary union.
And as per the blog, the IMF and World Bank will take less of an interest in Scotland falling out of teh Sterling Union. Yes Eurozone politics has infiltrated the IMF and World Bank.
Just heard on the 10pm news that all Tory MP's are expected to support the IN vote. How bizarre. Only just thinking that the SNP stance on SMP's having to support the policies of the SNP with no arguments smacked of Stalanism. Never thought we would see this in Westminster. I thought we were living in a democratic country. Just what is Cameron about??? I hope that those ministers against staying in the EU will continue to fight for all those who want OUT!
Reply You misheard – the issue is whether Ministers have to, not MPs
Ken Moore
A bit off topic but it's not just me left cold by John Redwood's bizarre and ill judged comments to the Bruges group.
Your call for us to 'trust the prime minister' on the evening that we learn that ministers will be whipped into supporting the 're-negotiated' deal is beyond belief. JR what were you thinking – years of reasoned debate showing us the a brighter future and now you want to throw your lot in with this chancer.
JR (singing the same tune as Ken Clarke before the 97 election)- "We can work with you and help you make that case, but we are not going to make that case if we argue about ideological purity, if we have factional struggles and disagreements and if we try and re-enact the last election and say things would be better if the result had been different.
I seem to remember it was your 'factional struggle' and 'disagreement with Major ' that could have saved us from the horrors of the ERM. Now is the time for heated debate, arguments and straight talking. NOT a cosy consensus.
For years you rightly said that bad policy, not internal arguments caused the Conservatives to be unelectable.
Why do you want to narrow the debate so that all the sceptics support Mr Cameron's policy to 'dock' the Uk into the Eu permanently. Bring on the arguments the sceptic side has a better case not just a pack of lies!.
Debate and argument are okay if the right conclusion is achieved – and that conclusion is that Cameron's non -renegotiation deal is a sham.
Mr Redwood said: "If we get a solution which opts us out of those part of the treaty that are federalising and centralising that would be a win.
Does this mean you are now okay with the present situation and would be happy if treaties were merely amended to prevent any further transfer of powers?. What about the huge costs of membership and the core requirement to permit freedom of movement ?.
That sounds like an unbelievably woolly and ambiguous definition of 'a win' for the convenience of Mr Cameron and your party it seems.
Reply Try reading what I said! I voted against Nice, Amsterdam, Lisbon and have not become a convert to them. I want change to our relationship which means removing those parts of the treaties which prevent us making important decisions in the UK about things like borders, welfare, energy etc
Thank you Mr Redwood.
You did indeed vote against all those treaties that you would now it seems be happy to merely amend and tinker with if the leadership gets it's way.
Who was it that said 'Europe is not an 'al a carte menu'.
Has that sentiment in Europe gone away ?. Perhaps it has receded a little until the Uk comes up with the result they want then it will be business as usual.
In your speech you could have dismissed Mr Cameron's re-negotiation as a sham and stated your aim that you wish to see the Uk returned to being a sovereign state. But you did no such thing which seems odd and in-consistent stance to me.
You could have said, that in your heart you know that renegotiation can't possibly give us back our country and sovereignty – why are you wasting precious time and energy on a lost cause with your wait and see approach …. on a strategy that we all know in our hearts cannot possibly work?.
I'm not aware of any detail in your speech about what would constitute sufficient changes to the UK's relationship with the EU to make you vote to stay in. Perhaps you would be kind enough to elaborate on exactly what this could be and why this would be better than withdrawal.?
One observer remarked at the meeting that 'Mr Redwood's tactics for the OUT side consisted of not frightening the voters with vulgar non-pc talk about immigration or , indeed, being brutally honest about anything relating to the EU' do not fill me with hope.
We can only look forward to a very insipid and staged campaign if this is what the 'Eurosceptic' side have in store.
Reply The negotiation is an important part of the process prior to the referendum. The issue is not are we pleasing the 13% who voted UKIP, but can we win the 50% plus we need? The negotiation gives us the chance to explain the problems and to reveal the extent of the Treaty commitments which need changing. I am not your problem! The question is simply – Can Mr Cameron restore our democracy by negotiation, and if not can a majority be persuaded we are better off out. If you are right that there is no chance by negotiation then it should be easier to vote for out, as more people will come to understand the difficulty we are in.
Thank you Dr Redwood,
I don't think it is as easy as saying that UKIP represent only 13% of public opinion – UKIP have grown fast not by saying or doing unpopular things .
Just 37% voted Conservative – of those many are unhappy with David Cameron's 'Blue Labour' style but opted for the least bad option. Many voted Conservative (and turned their back on UKIP) simply out of fear of a SNP/Lab government.
You seem to be saying that talking the language of UKIP is a vote loser and will wreck the referendum NO campaign – that seems odd when the Conservatives only seem to do well when they pledge to tackle immigration (and welfare abuse) and offer hope of a solution through Eu exit.
If talking the language of the left was a recipe for electoral success DC would have won by a landslide in 2010 & 2015.
Copying Blairs politically correct government style has inflicted many self inflicted wounds on the party.
Of course looking through the BBC looking glass of rigged audiences it is easy to get the impression that UKIP's robust stance on immigration etc. is unpopular – but this is not the reality I see.
It is the 'conspiracy' of silence that has spawned UKIP (and with a number of honourable Conservative Mp's) that ultimately led to pressure for the in/out vote.
I wish you would join with your UKIP brothers and sisters, put past battles aside and go all out now for an exit from the Eu racket. I don't care who heads the out campaign – if they speak clearly without fear and just tell the truth and set the facts before us out honestly they will get my vote.
mike fowle
In the excellent film: "Too Big to Fail" after Hank Paulson allows Lehman Brothers to collapse, Christine Lagarde (then a French minister) rings him up to say, how could you be so foolish….
Just want to say that is shocking and should be in the media, the front pages. The IMF is part of the empire building of the Euro zone at an astonishing level.
etc ed


text:
TMA Winter Conference
How to Talk to Patients About the PMP
By Joey Berlin
The new state mandate for physicians to use Texas' prescription monitoring program (PMP) is part of the state's overall response to the opioid epidemic, Michael Mackert, PhD, director of the Center for Health Communication at The University of Texas at Austin, told physicians.
Speaking at the Texas Medical Association 2020 Winter Conference, Dr. Mackert addressed physicians' concerns about talking to patients about the PMP, which prescribers will be required to check before issuing any prescription for opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, or carisoprodol beginning March 1.
During his talk, Dr. Mackert broke down a two-year project in which the Center for Health Communication focused, in part, on those difficult conversations. The center collaborated with the Texas Health and Human Services Commission and the Texas State Board of Pharmacy (TSBP) on the project. One result of the project is a prescriber communication toolkit available on the TSBP website.
"It's a public health tool, not a thing to catch bad doctors [and] bad patients, which is something we heard in a lot of our formative research. That's people's perceptions" of PMPs, he said. "Also think of it as a tool to make the appropriate prescribing decision. Because opioids are not bad, and the state was really clear on that, too. This [isn't meant] to be a scare-people-out-of-prescribing-opioids effort, and that's not what people should be hearing from what we're telling them."
Find more information, including a tool to determine if the PMP is integrated into your electronic health record system, on the TMA website.
Prescription Drug Monitoring (PDMP)
TMA Working to Stop PMP Fees
When Texas started requiring that physicians check the state's prescription monitoring program (PMP), the state appropriated funds to cover the licensing fee for the first two years. Effective Sept. 1, however, that fee is no longer covered Read More
Update: TMB Extends Emergency Telemedicine Pain Script Waiver
The Texas Medical Board (TMB) extended until June 30 its emergency waiver permitting refills of certain controlled substance prescriptions to treat patients with chronic pain who recently saw their doctor in person or via telemedicine. Read More
Opioids: Resources for Prescribing and Addiction Treatment
Get access to information about medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. Online resources for prescribing opioids appropriately also are available. Read More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Cynthia Millar and the strange beauty of the ondes martenot
by Elizabeth Kerr / 21 March, 2019
RelatedArticlesModule - Cynthia Millar and the strange beauty of the ondes martenot
The sci-fi sound of the ondes martenot is playing a key part in the upcoming performance of an epic symphony.
Cynthia Millar's chosen instrument, the ondes martenot, is something of a curiosity in orchestral music. When she plays with the Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra and pianist Joanna MacGregor in the Auckland Arts Festival this month, she will have played the solo ondes part of Olivier Messiaen's monumental Turangalîla-Symphonie more than 200 times.
The Englishwoman never tires of the demanding work. "Every performance is different; you come around corners and different things happen, and different piano soloists bring something fresh."
The ondes was invented in 1928 by Maurice Martenot, a French cellist who was a radio operator during World War I. Like the better-known theremin, patented the same year, it also became useful to composers of sci-fi soundtracks.
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by Russell Baillie
Millar describes it as the closest instrument to a human voice. The player, she says, has "the ability, over a very large range, to be a voice – a voice that never needs to take a breath, that can be whisper-soft, but also absolutely dominate the orchestral texture. Each player sounds different, because we have complete control over pitch and over techniques like singers: vibrato, glissando, portamento."
The ondes (French for "waves") is sometimes described as an early electronic instrument, but Millar rejects this. "It's actually electric; at first, it simply had two oscillators. The sounds range from the very pure sine-wave sound through to what is more like a sawtooth-wave sound, with every variation in-between. It's a limitless canvas."
The ondes resembles an electric organ with a keyboard, but it is played by the left hand using a special key – Millar compares it to the breath of a wind player or the bow of a violinist – and the keyboard is not played directly. Sounds can also be varied by using different speakers. "One contains an orchestral gong, which acts as a speaker diaphragm," she says. "This adds a beautiful metallic sheen to the sound, which Messiaen calls for often in Turangalîla."
One of the most significant 20th-century composers, Messiaen, a Frenchman, was known for his kaleidoscopic music and diverse sources: birdsong transcriptions, Greek and Indian rhythms, religious symbolism, colour theories and a modal language of his own invention. He first used the new instrument in Fête des belles eaux for six ondes, composed to accompany the fountains at the 1937 Paris Exhibition. Later, he employed its powerful otherworldly voice in several works, most famously Turangalîla, composed in the late 1940s.
A huge work in all dimensions, the 75-minute symphony requires a vast orchestra with a battery of percussion. "Turangalîla" refers to a Hindu rhythmic formula, and Messiaen contrasts the two parts of the word: "turanga", meaning "the speed of a horse", and "lîla", the "life force" or "love". The loud "turanga" sections are dramatic, fast and rhythmic, whereas the tender, lush love music fully exploits the colour palette of the ondes, which frequently doubles the strings in soaring melodies.
How did Millar become an ondist, as a player of the instrument is called? Growing up in England, she was a fine pianist, but never intended to become a professional musician. She was "ambushed" while working for US composer Elmer Bernstein, who asked her to research the intriguing instrument for him. John Morton, the only player in England at the time, got her started, and she's never looked back. Her work has included Bernstein musicals and soundtracks, as well as film music for composers Maurice Jarre and Richard Rodney Bennett.
Millar studied in Paris with Jeanne Loriod, an ondes virtuoso who frequently played Turangalîla with her pianist sister Yvonne, Messiaen's second wife. For Millar as a player, Turangalîla is "an opportunity to sing and fly – to play one unbroken melody for many minutes. The piece speaks to everyone who hears it; it's very rare for new listeners not to come away with something very vivid and exciting."
She encourages audiences to "stick it out" to the end. "The eighth movement is very extreme and loud, and sometimes people think they've had enough. But the ninth is wonderfully mysterious, and the tenth a rollicking finale."
She often talks to audience members afterwards. "People come down when I'm packing up and I love hearing from those who've never heard Turangalîla before. How fortunate they are to have this rare opportunity to hear it live."
Messiaen's Turangalîla-Symphonie, Auckland Town Hall, Auckland Arts Festival, March 23.
This article was first published in the March 23, 2019 issue of the New Zealand Listener.


Learning to navigate the ins and outs of social media is tricky territory! Bear with us as we begin using more social media avenues to reach our community. If there are social media aficionados out there with some time they would like to donate, please feel free to email us some fresh ideas. We hope to be up and running with regular blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram posts as well as emailing those who have requested it.


Canada as it is! : an address delivered November 28th, 1891 before the Commercial Club of Providence, R. I.
Providence, R.I. : [s.n.], 1891.
Canada -- Foreign economic relations -- United States.
Canada -- Relations économiques extérieures -- États-Unis.
Caption title: Hon. J.A. Chapleau, Q.C., M.P., on the commercial relations between Canada and the United States.


Another new old era. The majority of mortals are raised on the "you are what you eat" proverb. Javiera Mena, however, prefers "you sing what you hear". If our sentimental education was built with the music from prehistoric pre-streaming transistors, the Chilean artist used it to brighten up the new electro-pop creed. On Mena (2010) she unleashed the hard-hitting clubby Luz de piedra de luna, in 2014 she announced the arrival of Otra Era (Another Era) repeating those finals syllables, ra-ra-ra, and now she has released a new album, Espejo, inciting you to look Dentro De Ti (Inside You). Which is, finally, where our songs are kept within us.
Javiera Mena will bring her Espejo to Barcelona with a concert in La (2) de Apolo on 25th October. And she will make us dance as if nobody was watching.
Tickets on sale now at the special price of 15 € in Redtkt and Ticketmaster until the 31st of August or until supplies last. Once the promotion is over, tickets in advance will cost 18 €. Price at the door: 25 €.


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Tyler Smith recorded 7 RBIs as the Demons recovered mightily from a beating on Tuesday.
Jaylon Ferguson's path to the 2019 NFL Draft has been a winding road.
The Saints do not have a first round pick in the NFL Draft that starts Thursday night, so will they be at Jazz Fest?
Louisiana Tech wallops Marshall on Saturday to claim fifth straight C-USA series.
Position-by-position breakdown as Louisiana Tech moves through spring practice.
Conference USA announced to change of three total league games Tuesday as part of its television agreements.
"A Town Hall with Coach Nick Saban" marks the second time this spring an FBS national championship winning coach has come to campus.
Grambling offense beat the defense, 49-44, in the annual Black and Gold spring football game Friday at Eddie G. Robinson Memorial Stadium.
Tigers resume SEC play at Missouri on Friday.
The Ragin' Cajuns fell 11-3 to the Bulldogs on Tuesday night at The Tigue.
The Tigers split a doubleheader against Texas A&M Saturday, winning the nightcap, 9-3, after losing the first game, 6-4, on Saturday afternoon and night.


text:
Part of HuffPost Politics. ©2020 Verizon Media. All rights reserved.
Mark Crispin Miller, Contributor
Professor of Culture and Communication, New York University
The Bushevik Who Nailed the "Commies" at the DoJ
Often, when confronted with the evidence of vast election fraud by Bush & Co., people
hopefully assert that such big crimes were most unlikely, as it would have taken quite a
large conspiracy to pull them off, and, by now, someone would have broken ranks and
spilled the beans.
Well, there have been whistle-blowers -- Clint Curtis, Sherole Eaton, Stephen Heller
and, of course, Stephen Spoonamore, just to name a few -- but since the press has
tuned them out, their whistle-blasts have gone unheard by almost everyone.
Furthermore, although it does take many hands to sabotage elections, it really doesn't
take as many as you'd think. Indeed, it is the beauty of computerized systems that
a single rogue programmer can do far more damage than a whole wardful of party
hacks could manage in the bad old days of manual election theft; and he can do it
in mere seconds -- and undetectably.
Still, it does take a small army to deliver an election to the candidate who really
didn't win it. But if that army is a force of true believers, it is not likely that a few,
or any, of them will come clean. Those willing to speak out -- as Mike Connell
was, before Rove threatened him -- are the extraordinary few, as speaking out
can pose a major hazard to your health, as Connell's death may indicate. For
centuries, pre-Joe Valachi, no mafiosi sang.
And those who helped Bush/Cheney rig elections are, in their own way, "made
men," and therefore not the type to sing like birds. To grasp the sort of zealotry
that helped Bush/Cheney et al. "win" their various races, read this hair-raising
article from the LA Times, about Bradley Schlozman, the regime's point-man at
the DoJ -- specifically, the pit bull sent to purge the Voting Rights and Civil
Rights Divisions there.
This man was (and is) a true believer with a vengeance -- literally, since he
was bent not just driving out but also punishing the "commies," "crazy libs"
and (my personal favorite) "mold spores" who, he imagined, had betrayed
this once-God-fearing nation out of rank "disloyalty." All of his malignant
vigor was devoted to the goal of shattering those two divisions of the DoJ,
so that the government, instead of helping to protect our right to vote, would
serve the party's drive to take that vote away from the majority.
Clearly, this Brad Schlozman is sadistic and fanatical--a kindred
spirit to the soldiers of the Inquisition, or of any brutal modern revolution. If you
want a good example from the Nixon Era, there's G. Gordon Liddy, another
rightist stalwart who would never crack, no matter what.
These new details about Schlozman's mission, and his attitude, re-emphasize
the urgent need for Eric Holder, and the Congress, to investigate Bush/Cheney's
systematic drive to ravage our election system. Otherwise, we'll let that regime
get away with murder--and leave them free to fight another day (i.e.,
the next Election Day).
Do you have information you want to share with HuffPost? Here's how.


text:
Valdemar Villadsen ist ein dänischer Tenor.

Ausbildung
Valdemar Villadsen studierte bis 2012 in der Solistenklasse am Königlich Dänischen Musikkonservatorium in Kopenhagen.

Karriere
Valdemar Villadsens professionelles Bühnendebüt fand 2012 in Jurij Possochows Narcissum am Königlichen Dänischen Theater statt. Seitdem ist er europaweit in Konzerten und Opernproduktionen aktiv.

Als Konzertsänger trat er in der Royal Albert Hall, der Philharmonie Berlin und der Queen Elizabeth Hall auf, als Opernsänger in Häusern wie der Königlichen Dänischen Oper, dem Hessischen Staatstheater Wiesbaden und der Oper Kiel.

Sein Opernrepertoire umfasst neben Mozarts Ferrando und Tamino unter anderem Almaviva in Rossinis Il Barbiere di Siviglia, Lindoro in Rossinis L'Italiana in Algeri, Offizier in Zimmermanns Die Soldaten, Seth in Franz Danksagmüllers Nova, Castor in Rameaus Castor et Pollux, Pygmalion in Rameaus Pygmalion, Glaucus in Leclairs Scylla et Glaucus und Apollo in Francesco Cavallis Gli amori d'Apollo e di Dafne.

Als Konzertsänger ist er vor allem in der Rolle als Bach-Evangelist bekannt. Er sang den Evangelisten in Bachs Passionen in Schweden, Dänemark, Großbritannien, Island, Schweiz, Italien und Deutschland (unter anderem in der Philharmonie Berlin). Er sang unter Dirigenten wie Giancarlo Andretta, Julius Rudel, Lars Ulrik Mortensen, Christina Pluhar, Václav Luks, Paul Hillier, Andrew Lawrence-King, Mark Tatlow und arbeitete mit den Regisseuren Vasily Barkhatov, Lucinda Childs und Sir David McVicar.

Einzelnachweise

Tenor
Däne
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Una representación logarítmica es una representación gráfica de una función o de un conjunto de valores numéricos, en la que el eje de abscisas y el eje de ordenadas tienen escala logarítmica. o semi curvas lineales
Si la representación se hace manualmente, se emplea papel logarítmico, que posee la escala con las marcas adecuadas para este tipo de representaciones. Se emplean logaritmos decimales, de base 10.

Usos
Los datos que siguen una variación similar a una función potencial, y=a·xn, o aquella serie de datos cuyo rango abarca varios órdenes de magnitud son apropiados para una representación logarítmica. Por ello, este tipo de representación es muy usada en ciencias e ingeniería.

Cualquier conjunto de datos que pueda ajustarse a la expresión  podrá representarse en forma de línea recta, , si usamos representación logarítmica ya que ambas expresiones son equivalentes.

Ejemplo
Como ejemplo de representación logarítmica vamos a representar los datos del periodo de revolución de algunos planetas en función del semieje mayor de su trayectoria (leyes de Kepler), que aparecen en la tabla inferior.

Interpretación de una representación logarítmica

Si tanto los ejes vertical y horizontal de una gráfica están en escala logarítmica, es llamada representación logarítmica. La ecuación de una recta en una escala logarítmica sería:

donde m es la pendiente y b es la ordenada en el origen o punto de intersección con el eje vertical.

Pendiente de una gráfica logarítmica

Para hallar la pendiente de la gráfica, dos puntos son seleccionados en el eje X, digamos x1 y x2. Usando la ecuación anterior:

y

La pendiente m se encuentra tomando la diferencia:

donde F1 es la abreviatura de F(x1) y lo mismo para F2. La figura de la derecha ilustra la fórmula. Nótese que la pendiente en el ejemplo de la figura es negativa. La fórmula también proporciona una pendiente negativa, como puede verse en la siguiente propiedad de los logaritmos:

Búsqueda de la función correspondiente a la gráfica logarítmica
El procedimiento anterior se invierte ahora para encontrar la forma de la función F(x) a partir de su gráfica conocida. Para encontrar la función F, se elige un punto fijo (x0, F0), donde F0 es la abreviatura de F(x0), en algún lugar de la línea recta en el gráfico anterior, y además algún otro punto arbitrario (x1, F1) en la misma gráfica. Luego, a partir de la fórmula de la pendiente arriba indicada:

lo que conduce a

Tenga en cuenta que 10log10( F1 ) = F1. Por lo tanto, la gráfica se puede invertir para encontrar:

o
 ,
lo que significa que

En otras palabras, F es proporcional a x elevado a la potencia de la pendiente de la línea recta de su gráfico logarítmico. En concreto, una línea recta en una gráfica logarítmica que contiene los puntos (F0, x0) y (F1, x1) tendrá la siguiente expresión:

,

Por supuesto, la inversa también es cierta: toda función de la forma

tendrá una línea recta en su representación gráfica logarítmica, donde la pendiente de la línea es m.

Estimación de valores en una representación logarítmica
Un método para la determinación exacta de los valores en un eje logarítmico es el siguiente:

 Medir la distancia desde el punto de la escala a la línea de década inmediata inferior, con una regla.
 Dividir esta distancia por la longitud de una década (la distancia entre dos líneas de década, cualesquiera. Por ejemplo de 10 a 100; de 20 a 200; de 30 a 300; etc).
 El valor correspondiente al punto escogido será el valor de la década inmediata inferior multiplicado por 10a, donde a es el valor encontrado en el paso 2.
Ejemplo: ¿Cuál es el valor que se encuentra a medio camino entre las décadas 10 y 100 en un eje logarítmico? Puesto que es el punto medio el que nos interesa, el cociente calculado tras los pasos 1 y 2 es 0,5. La década inmediata inferior a dicho punto es 10, por lo que el punto a mitad de camino entre 10 y 100 tendrá el valor 10·(100,5) = 10·3,162 ≈ 31,62.

Para estimar donde se encuentra un determinado valor en un eje logarítmico, se utiliza el método siguiente:

 Medir la distancia entre décadas consecutivas con una regla. Se puede utilizar cualquier unidad (cm, pulgada...).
 Hallar el logaritmo del cociente entre el valor de interés y la década inmediata inferior y se multiplica por el número determinado en el paso uno.
 Usando las mismas unidades que en el paso 1, cuente tantas unidades como resultado del paso 2, a partir de la década inferior.

Ejemplo: Para determinar dónde se encuentra el valor 17 en un eje logarítmico, primero se utiliza una regla para medir la distancia entre 10 y 100, que son las décadas o potencias de 10 inmediatas inferior y superior al valor 17. Supongamos que en este caso la distancia entre 10 y 100 sea de 30 mm. Se debe utilizar la misma regla en todo el proceso.

log (17/10) × 30 mm = 6,9 mm

Entonces el valor x=17 está a 6,9 mm de distancia, a partir del valor x=10 (en el eje correspondiente).

Interpolación logarítmica

La interpolación de valores en una representación logarítmica es muy similar a la interpolación de valores lineales. En la interpolación lineal, los valores se determinan a través de relaciones de igualdad. Por ejemplo, en la interpolación lineal, una línea que incrementa la ordenada en 1 unidad por cada 2 unidades de incremento de la abscisa tiene una relación (también conocida como pendiente) de 1/2. A fin de determinar la ordenada (o abscisa) de un punto en particular, debemos conocer su abscisa (u ordenada). El cálculo de la ordenada correspondiente a una abscisa de 12 en el siguiente ejemplo es el siguiente:

donde y es la ordenada desconocida. Se puede calcular fácilmente que y es igual a 6.

En la interpolación logarítmica, una relación entre valores logarítmicos es igual a una proporción entre valores lineales. Por ejemplo, considérese una gráfica logarítmica (de base 10) que representa una determinada variable, y que mide 50 mm entre dos décadas consecutivas, como 100 y 1000. ¿Cuál es el valor correspondiente a un punto si el valor en el gráfico está situado a 29 mm por encima del valor correspondiente a 100? Para resolver este problema, es necesario utilizar una definición logarítmica básica:

Las líneas de década son los valores que representan las potencias enteras de la base de logaritmos empleada, en este caso 100=1, 101=10; 102=100; 103=1000... y son importantes en la interpolación logarítmica. Busque la línea de la década inmediata inferior al punto de la gráfica que queremos leer.

La proporción entre los valores lineales, o relación lineal, se calcula como la distancia desde la línea de la década inmediata inferior hasta el valor de interés (29 mm en este ejemplo, en el que la línea de década inferior es 100) dividido por la distancia entre dos líneas de década consecutivas (la línea de década superior es 1000 en este ejemplo, y la distancia entre 100 y 1000 era 50 mm). Por lo tanto, la relación lineal es:

29 mm/50 mm = 0,58

Observe que las unidades (milímetros en este caso) se eliminan de la ecuación, porque ambas medidas están en las mismas unidades. La conversión a una sola unidad antes de calcular la proporción es necesaria si las mediciones se hicieron en diferentes unidades.

La relación logarítmica utiliza las mismas mediciones gráficas que la relación lineal.  La diferencia entre el logaritmo de la década superior (1000) y el logaritmo de la década inferior (100) representa la misma distancia gráfica que la distancia entre las dos líneas de década en la relación lineal (50 mm). Por lo tanto, el denominador de la relación logarítmica (la parte inferior de la fracción) es:

log(1000) - log(100)

El numerador de la relación logarítmica (la parte superior de la fracción) representa la misma distancia gráfica que el número de unidades entre el valor de interés y la línea de década inferior en relación lineal (29 mm). Lo desconocido en esta relación es el valor de interés, que definiremos como "X". Por lo tanto, la parte superior de la fracción es:

log(X) - log(100)

La relación logarítmica es:

La relación lineal es igual a la relación logarítmica. Por lo tanto, la ecuación para determinar el valor buscado en particular es:

Esta ecuación se puede reescribir usando la definición logarítmica antes mencionada:

log(1000/100)= log (10) = 1, por lo tanto:

Con el fin de eliminar el logaritmo del lado derecho de la ecuación, ambas partes deben ser usados como exponentes del número 10, es decir, 10 a la potencia de 29/50 y 10 a la potencia de log (X/100). La función "logaritmo" y la función "exponencial de base 10" son inversas y se anulan entre sí, dejando:

y finalmente X = 380,2 es el valor buscado

Véase también
representación semilogarítmica

Referencias

de:Logarithmenpapier#Doppeltlogarithmisches Papier


In this note we extend some well known properties of the Euclidean space En to the Minkowski space Mn.
This entry was posted on Monday, February 12th, 2007 at 8:06 am and is filed under Mathematics.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Today's featured artist is GZA. He's a French Designer. He enjoys making images and is always looking to collaborate with other artists. Just check out these great illustrative works below and then head over to his site and blog for more inspiration. Enjoy.
Today's featured artist is David Behm. David hails from Chicago and is a Graphic Designer and Digital Artist that loves designing and creating logos, t-shirts, websites, flyers, brochures, posters, and cd cover art for friends and clients around the world. Enjoy his electric infused colour pumping designs below!


The modern era, caught between two short centuries framed by Confucianism that have long fascinated historians, plays an important role in the history of Vietnam. This period saw the establishment of lordly rules that, stamped by the approval of the Emperor, developed their own political, military, religious and trade systems. While at the State level the institutions of power were overturned, ancient local practices, such as sacrifices, reappeared allowing rural society to benefit from the lack of surveillance to gain greater autonomy. Philippe Papin's research has explored this period, especially in the North Vietnamese countryside.
Séminaires à l'Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes (2017-2018) : I. Histoire du Vietnam, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles. — II. Etude de philologie sino-vietnamienne à travers un corpus d'inscriptions du XVIIe siècle.


The Niagara Falls are gorgeous and a national treasure. You have to see them!
Bridal Falls (left) and Horseshoe Falls (right) are two of the three Niagara Falls.
We took the boat ($50 pp) up to the bottom of the falls, which towered above us to such heights (50′) that they were almost scary. The falls hit the water below with such force that they create a swirling vortex, into which I was afraid our boat would be sucked. Thankfully, these boats make this journey every 15 minutes, so their captains know how to avoid being sucked down, down, down into the depths of the Niagara River. The boat (below) holds 500 people, which gives you a sense of the scale of this photo.
Niagara Falls straddle the international border between the U.S. and Canada. The "Maid of the Mist" boats depart from the American side in NY. "The Hornblower" boats depart from the Canadian side. You want "The Hornblower" because it goes deeper into Horseshoe Falls, the largest of the three that are collectively referred to as Niagara Falls.
The Niagara Falls are a gorgeous…but don't spend the night there…unless you like depressed towns (Niagara, NY) or to be surrounded by the Hard Rock Cafe and similar (Niagara, Canada), which of course you don't! Instead, take your passport and drive a mere 20 minutes north into Canada.
The 16-mile drive on the Niagara Parkway from Niagara Falls to Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, will take you past the most ENTICING farm stands I have EVER seen and through vineyard after vineyard. Ontario is one of Canada's three largest wine-producing regions.
Niagara-on-the-Lake is charming: lovely houses from the 18th and 19th century (settled in 1781 as a British military base, it became a haven for pro-British loyalists fleeing the U.S.); tons of gardens, public and private, bursting forth with flowers; and a theater festival, all located at the confluence of Lake Ontario and the Niagara River.
Watch the Wednesday night sailboat races from the town's small public golf course, which has Niagara-on-the-Lake's only restaurant on the water. The food is merely okay but the setting is lovely, with a view of Old Fort Niagara (which has been occupied since the 1700's by the French, English and now Americans) across the water. Big view heaven!
Attend the George Bernard Shaw Festival, whose season of plays runs from April to October. We did not go to this, so I can't vouch for it.
Run, don't walk, to the Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservancy and enter its a big greenhouse of tropical plants and many, many colorful butterflies flitting around. Best butterfly conservancy I have seen!
Several lit on me! Just beautiful!
Harbour House: in town, nice though not luxurious. We stayed here. I have only seen the other three hotels from outside but they all looked very nice.
Wander the streets of town and you will find something appealing, though nothing outstanding.
Highly recommend you drive to several of the surrounding vineyards for what I imagine would be great meals. The settings certainly are! By scrolling around this link to Wine Country Ontario, you will find a varied selection of impressively beautiful vineyards, many of which have attractive restaurants. Given the amazing produce stands in the area, I just bet the food is amazing, too!
Lots of shops, none enticing.
We spent three hours there, waaay more that my usual one hour-and-depart policy. What made the Corning Glass Museum so great: the history of glass making described, plus 35 centuries of examples of the most ancient glass on up to gorgeous "art glass" of the present day…and not just Dale Chihuly. I plan to return because three hours was not enough.
Yes, as it's bound to be cooler than tropical DC!


text:
Country PortfolioAsia Pacific
Jun 7, 2017 Bilal Khan -
Indonesia and Russia agree to Su-35 deal
Indonesia and Russia have agreed to a contract for the sale of Sukhoi Su-35 Flanker-E fighters to Indonesia.
Viktor Kladov, the Director of International Cooperation and Regional Policy at Rostec, a holding company of the Russian defence industry, confirmed the news to Russian News Agency TASS.
Indonesia's defence minister, Ryamizard Ryacudu, had confirmed that Jakarta was in talks with Moscow for the purchase of eight Su-35s in December. The Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU) is seeking to supplant its fleet of legacy Northrop F-5E Tiger II.
The Su-35 is the latest iteration of the Flanker-series. Powered by two 117S turbofan engines, which Sukhoi states provide substantial improvements in thrust over the AL-31F.
Its radar, the Irbis-E passive-electronically scanned-array radar, can detect and track up to 30 targets. It can engage up to eight. Sukhoi claims the Irbis-E can detect 3m2 radar cross-section targets at up to 400 km. The Su-35 uses an all-glass cockpit comprising of multi-function displays, hands-on-throttle-and-stick interface, and an information management system powered by two digital computers.
China became the launch customer of the Su-35 in November 2015 with a purchase of 24 aircraft for $2 billion. The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) began receiving its Su-35s in December.
Jakarta set the budget for the program at $1.5 billion U.S. for 16 new aircraft. In addition to the aircraft, vendors were expected to provide commercial offsets and collaborative avenues with the Indonesian defence industry. Saab and Lockheed Martin were also competing for the contract.
The TNI-AU already operates the Su-27 and Su-30 MK/MK2, which gives the TNI-AU familiarity with flying the Flanker-series. However, the Su-35 is a new variant, one comprising of different turbofan engines and onboard subsystems than the TNI-AU's current Flanker fleet.
The TNI-AU is also inducting 24 refurbished Lockheed Martin F-16C/D Block-25s. Under a $750 million contract, these F-16s were acquired using the Excess Defence Articles (EDA) program and put through an upgrade incorporating subsystems from the F-16C/D Block-50/52+.
Besides near-term acquisitions, the TNI-AU is also setting the groundwork for its long-term needs. In 2016, Jakarta signed onto the Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) KFX next-generation fighter, committing to fund 20% of the KFX's development.


Andersonville Strip's First MedSpa Center Opening This Weekend Reviewed by Edgeville Buzz on September 28, 2017 .
What the company is billing as Andersonville's first Skin Care and Medspa center, Revive Massage Therapy and Spa at 4860 N. Clark will be opening the doors to their new space for the first time this weekend.
The company has expanded into the old Square Nail space next door with the hopes of adding more services to their customers. Revive Skin Care and Medspa Center began construction over a year ago, but the business is at last ready to begin operation.
The new addition will provide more treatment rooms so the company can accommodate more customers, enhance the service menu and expand their current retail line. Revive Skin Care and Medspa will have both a Medical Director and a Nurse Practitioner on hand at the facility that will provide advanced services such as Botox, facial fillers, laser hair removal and skin rejuvenation.
There will be a ribbon cutting ceremony with the Andersonville Chamber of Commerce tomorrow, September 29 at 1 p.m. An open house celebration will follow from 3 p.m.- 8 p.m. with tours, special discounts for attendees, live demos, free skin analysis and raffle prizes.