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From the Dynamics of Population to the Application of Digital Revolution to Management of Shipping Companies ()
1Department of Maritime Studies, Faculty of Maritime and Industrial Studies, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece.
2Transport and Logistics Department, Business College of Athens, Athens, Greece.
DOI: 10.4236/me.2020.116084 PDF HTML XML 297 Downloads 820 Views Citations
Our scientific curiosity led us to study digital revolution—DR, specifically, we asked ourselves whether DR could revolutionize the management of ships, by bringing the object of management i.e. the vessels closer to her manager ashore. We discovered that curious scientists, like Mr. Malthus T R (born in 1766), emerged during the 1st industrial revolution (1750)—and asked again ourselves what happened to his theory (1798)? We found that his theory—motivated by philanthropic considerations about working people, and in particular by the question if society can provide adequate means for their subsistence, caused three contradictory and important impacts. It seems that shipping companies will be obliged to abandon their traditional way of managing ships, i.e. from a long distance—described in some detail—and soon, after ceasing to discuss DR in world conferences—they will adopt DR, presented also in certain detail. Research frequently leads to unpleasant discoveries… Great human minds, unfortunately, supplied us with artificial realities, and so we named them, in this paper, utopians! Their utopia, however, was not about unimportant issues, but for: economic equality; disappearance of poor; equal income (and wealth) distribution; best quality of life and food; and for the benefits of technological progress! Society let technology to oblige people to learn a 2nd profession during their life; to get unwillingly a pension at 65 years of age, by the force of law, while they are certainly fit to work till 80. In addition, our society, in an urgent need of an intensive care, has to beat COVID-19, which took already the life of 289,000 fellows by 12th May, 2020.
Industrial Revolutions, Malthus' Model, Velhurst's Model & Chaos Theory, Digital Revolution, Managing Ships from a Long Distance, Digital Management of Shipping Companies & Ships, Global Abortions
Goulielmos, A. (2020) From the Dynamics of Population to the Application of Digital Revolution to Management of Shipping Companies. Modern Economy, 11, 1155-1175. doi: 10.4236/me.2020.116084.
The 1st Industrial, or better Mechanical, Revolution, started 270 years ago. At that time the power of machines substituted for human power making less costly to produce goods in factories (than at home) (Robbins & Coulter, 2018: p. 707). Reverend Malthus T R, (1766-1834), a historian of Sociology, caused indirectly… by his essays, the 1st industrial revolution!
Malthus Theory: It deals with the growth of global population and its subsistence. It advanced 2 axioms, 1 suggestion and 1 assumption. Axioms are: 1) "It may safely be asserted that population, if unchecked, (will) increase in a geometrical1 progression, doubling within 25 years" (p. 238) (introduction, p. 18) (italics; & one parenthesis added). 2) "The means of subsistence2, under most favorable circumstances, could not possibly increase faster than in an arithmetical ratio (Vol. 1, p. 10, 2nd essay; and in 1st essay, p. 74). So, Malthus problem was one of disharmony between number of people and quantity of food.
Malthus was convinced for his 1st axiom by the evidence provided by certain USA colonies, (between 1790 and 1840), where population doubled in 1 generation (i.e. in 25 years). Malthus' suggestion: Society has to proceed in "promoting, and where necessary, practicing, moral restraint" (bold & italics added). He assumed "an isolated population, with neither emigration, nor immigration" (p. 46) Anonymous (1798).
However, we encountered a serious social phenomenon, which invalidated Malthus' 1st assumption: globally 385m (est.) embryos were aborted3 p.a.! In 25 years, the aborted embryos could have made the 7.7b global population (est. in 2018) equal to ~17.3b… This over-verifies Malthus 1st axiom…And if global population did not verify Malthus model, individual countries, like India with 1.35b people, did4.
Economists have to see a few further contemporary facts: 1) A single profession is not adequate for one's life time5 anymore. 2) Working life ends at 65 years of age6. However, many adverse social and economic consequences of current technological progress can be avoided by extending working life to 80 years of one's age...! In addition, though the quantity of production substantially increased due to industrial revolutions, the quality of it, and of our life, did not make analogous progress. Apropos research in EU initiated for some time to find-out whether… a type of cancer is created by food and by its means of storage!
Economists, we believe, have not only to advocate the maximization of profits, as used to do, but also to support the "maximization of the number of years people will have under perfect quality". As Jesus Christ-JC said: "humans will not live-out only on bread…"
Paper's aims are: 1) to present mathematically three population models. 2) To present digital revolution, exploring its possible application to management of ships; and 3) to summarize existing shipping management theory, and practice, so that to see what exactly we have to transform to achieve ships' digital management. The paper is organized in 6 parts, after literature review: the 1st deals with the question: "why Malthus Theory has failed"? The 2nd deals with 3 fundamental questions, which any Society has to answer. The 3rd deals with 3 growth-models of global population. The 4th presents digital revolution. The 5th outlines the traditional management of ships from a long distance. The 6th deals with digital ship management. Finally, we conclude.
Godwin (1793), (1756-1836), a contemporary of Malthus, and utopian, sought-out equality7 among people inspired by French Revolution (1789). Engels (1844), (1820-1895), (p. 199+), a German, writer of the "Communist Manifesto" with Marx (in 1848), wrote: "the sham philanthropy… produced the Malthusian population theory, the crudest, most barbarous theory… ever existed, a system of despair, which struck down all those beautiful phrases about love of neighbor and world citizenship"…
Mill (1848), (1806-1873), wrote that Malthus focused on an unlucky attempt to give numerical precision to things, which do not admit it (II, xi, 6; rephrased). Place (1822) (1771-1854), an English, … tailor, economist and political radical, like another Roosevelt8, suggested to people of UK birth-control9, as an effective10 mean to Malthus!
Darwin (1868), (1809-1882), found his basic idea for his theory "of evolution of species by natural selection" in… Malthus! He wrote (p. 361-2): "it flashed upon me that this self-acting process (of Malthus) would necessarily11 improve race" (parenthesis added); and "I had at length found-out the long-sought after law of nature, which solved the problem of the origin of species" (Blaug, 1997: p. 84)…
Marshall (1896), (1842-1924), (p. 30), wrote that the 2nd essay12 of Malthus gave the most crushing answers … written by a patient and hard-working person of science… (rephrased). Ricardo (1817), (1772-1823), chap. 32, admired Malthus, and argued that economic growth will end (due to scarcity of natural resources). He proved partially13 right due to the vertical rise of the price of oil during the 2 energy crises (1973 Oct.; 1979-1980), and in 2020, fluctuating14 till this day. This, severely harmed population, as countries in austerity programs (Greece e.g.) terminated the use of central heating!
Keynes (1933) commented on the correspondence of Malthus with Ricardo (pp. 140; 144), and remarked, taking the opportunity: "the complete domination of Ricardo on economics over 100 years" "was a disaster to the progress of economics" (italics & bolds added)!! "If … Malthus was the parent from which 19th c. economics emanated, what much wiser and richer place the world would be"18! He described Malthus "as the one who overlaid general economic principles by inductive verification of a pioneer…; the brilliance and the high spirits of a young man"…
About Digital Revolution: Digital Marketing emerged prior to Digital Management, we reckon. Digital companies-DCs are distinguished in those: (1) born-digital and (2) which wish to become ones. DCs are established after 1995, and whose operational models and capabilities use internet-era information and digital technologies as core competencies.
De la Boutetiere et al. (2019) established 5 keys to a successful digital transformation: 1) to have a (digital) leader, 2) to have the capability in building digital systems, 3) to empower one's workers, 4) to upgrade tools and 5) to establish (digital) communications.
In a McKinsey (2018) global survey, 85% from the 1793 respondents, answered that their companies tried, the last 5 years, to become digital, but 75% of them failed… Shipping is at the stage of discussing digital revolution in global conferences… Ojala (2015), argued that "media" are very important. Griffith (2015) argued that "cloud computing"19 frees companies from having their own means to store data. Daugherty et al. (2015), argued that "internet of things" is essential, especially for industries.
Summarizing, Malthus was, no doubt, utopian20. This is so as poverty exists during the last 2000 years, as a sign of the inadequacy of means of subsistence! Malthus statistical evidence on growth of population was circumstantial, as argued also by Verhulst (1838). Malthus assumed indirectly no brain drain and no tourism21. These are serious limitations for modern societies, while Malthus' conditions came back… due to COVID-19 in 2020.
Part 1: Why Malthus Theory failed?
Malthus failed to provide statistical evidence on the growth of means of subsistence22. But he was definitely wrong also about his 1st axiom (Table 1).
As shown, the growth of global population did not support Malthus23,24. Moreover, population increased by 1b at eventually shorter intervals (from 14 years to 12) since 1960. Naturally, a larger population brings a larger number of children. In the past to gain 1b people (from 1800 to 1930) society required 130 years, while most recently required only 12 years.
Of course, many causes halted the physiological growth of population. e.g. 1) the two global wars, where… ~117 m people killed. Wars were frequent since Creation. 2) Three cities destroyed (Gomorrah; Sodom; Pompeii). 3) Family's size fell. Early males used to live long (to maximum 960 years like Methuselahs), and their children were minimum 5 per family. Modern families have from 2 members (mother and 1 child) to 4 maximum (Father-Mother and 2 children). 4) Incest was allowed at old times. 5) Abortions are in general legal and contraception is established.
If a society wants to reduce, or eliminate, abortions, has to start from rectifying its legal system (Table 2), we believe. The present legal framework of abortions is confusing and contradictory. To rectify it properly, a society must answer first the question: "When an embryo receives its soul and begins to live?"
Part 2: The 3 fundamental questions that Society has to answer
Is society egalitarian, and are people (or should be) equal25? What Jesus Christ
Table 1. Global population (from prior to 1000 A.D. to 2018).
Source: various; mainly internet.
Table 2. The global legislation about abortions, 2019.
Source: Internet & Press.
predicted about poverty? What Pareto (1909) found-out about the distribution of income in all societies?
Robinson (1962), p. 128, was clear that the distribution of income (and of wealth) has not be fair. We have, however, distinguished the distribution of income, which is unequal, from that of wealth, which has to be equal, in our opinion! In our epoch, the consequences of any war, anywhere, as well national poverty, are now exported, through aggressive emigration! People consider, as their inalienable right, to emigrate where they like!
Pareto28, (1848-1923), was first to investigate29, in 1909, whether economy is fair. If it is not, and if it also cannot be, we have a clear case of utopia among those arguing to the contrary! Malthus' principle of population could have 2 strong statistical tools for verification of his theory, we believe: 1) Normal distribution (1778-1809)30, emerged when Malthus was alive, and 2) Pareto's 1909 income curve, (when Malthus was dead).
For the 1st test we need: personal income (£), its average (£) and its variance (σ2); for the 2nd test we need: α (alpha, defined below) and minimum personal income m (£). Important is that if national income is distributed according to normal distribution (Figure 1), egalitarianism is statistically proved.
The existence of utopia proved by Pareto31. While an accurate description of reality provided by Jesus Christ—JC32, when addressed to Juda of Iscariot: "The poor people will always be among you" (bolds added)33, he said. Moreover, religion, we believe, influences the decision to bear many or few children… We present below the 7 most populated nations worldwide and the % of Christians (all dogmas) (Table 3).
Globally34, Christians35 were <1/3 (~31%); Muslims ~23%, Hindu 15%, unaffiliated 16% and unknown 15% (internet).
Figure 1. Normal distribution. Source: internet. μ = mean.
Table 3. The 7 most populated global countries and their % in christians, 2018.
Source: internet.
Humans decomposed the reproduction process in 2 stages! 1) when38 a pure love motivates a male to propose to a female for the exclusive purpose of bearing children. 2) To derive satisfaction39 from intercourse. Humans, moreover, consider pregnancy as something interruptible and avoidable.40
The non-symmetrical distribution curve (Figure 2) shows that in USA, the mass of people get the low incomes and few people obtain the highest ones. Economists and business men alike formed also a new axiom, after 2009, supported by data: "an economic crisis adds greater amounts to the rich and helps new rich to emerge"... Crises create new rich and new poor!
Part 3: Global Population Growth Models
Let a starting population41, (in an isolated location), be P0, and assume this to grow by α (α > 0), during one generation (Michailidis & Mpountis, 2017) in Greek. After 1st generation, P0 becomes42 P0 * α; in second, P0 * α2; in third, P0 * α3, and in n generations:
P n = P 0 ∗ α n (1)
(for Malthus model-MM, we have n = 1 and α = 2).
Figure 2. Pareto's income curve, 1909. Source: modified from that in (Mandelbrot & Hudson, 2006: p. 154); 295. The formula43 used 1s: P % = ( u / m ) − α (1): (a power law). This gives the % of people gaining a certain income u, related to a minimum income m. α by Pareto44 found 3.2.
1) Verhulst's Model45—VM
Verhulst divided by maximum sustained population, Pm, all populations. The new variable is:
X n = P n / P m (2)
e.g. for Pm = 1000 and an actual population 100, Xn = 0.10 (i.e. 100 persons = 0.10 * 1000). Xn, after 10 generations, will reach 0.50 (according to logistic equation); or 500 persons, and it stays there for α = 3.57! So, there is no problem of Malthusian type, as this region is assumed to feed additional 500 (after 250 years!)46.
Important is that the VM47 can be used to estimate future population, which would interest Malthus in testing his theory if he cared to knew it, as Verhulst was his contemporary. The population of any next generation multiplied by α, and by subtracting those who died48 ( = α X n 2 ), is:
X n + 1 = α X n − α X n 2 (4)
This equation is a simple quadratic difference equation including time (= dynamic). The MM in the new notation is
X n + 1 = α X n (5)
There are stable points of equilibrium of population shown by {4}, after first 4 generations49, with an upper limit of 1000… But at this time Chaos comes-in! High rhythms by which humans increase, (α coefficient = 3.57 + per generation), invite chaos … And the stable point does not depend on the starting population (of 100 persons we assumed). Even if P0 was 900 persons, end population50 would be 500! Let us see chaos in population closer.
2) Chaos… in Population
Using the logistic equation {4} and for α = 2.2 and for 4 generations, population will be 550 (from 100). For α = 2.5 and in 30 generations, population will reach 600. In general:
P n = α − 1 / α ∗ 1000 (6)
Notable is that for α = 3.2, we get 513 … and 799, i.e. two populations51! Given that the limit of population is 1000, population is well below.
3) Our Model
MM and VM can be improved by introducing 2 coefficients: one for fertility (f) and one for mortality (m), as these two may differ, so: X n + 1 = f X n − m X n 2 {7}. Then we can estimate f and m statistically and calculate future population Xn+1, where n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ⋯ , 100 , ⋯
Part 4: Digital Revolution52
1) Digital Companies
Globally there are 100 digital top-companies. No Greek shipping or other company is listed. Important is that six are the areas where digital companies act (Table 4).
However, there is an unequal distribution of above companies among the countries, as 98 digital top-companies belong only to 17 countries53, showing where digital future lies. Lion's share54 is held by USA, with 49 out of the 98 companies (50%), followed by China with 14 (14%), Taiwan with 6 (6%) and EU
Table 4. Specialization of the 100-top digital companies worldwide, 2018.
Source: Forbes ranking, 2018, where two companies were not classified.
with 14 (14%) (=84%).
2) Digital Tools and Technology
Digital technology cannot surprise any manager as it has been already round us (Table 5):
Moreover, digital technology upturned data-poverty we had in the past, and now, big data55 are abundant. As a result ways are needed to manage efficiently and effectively them. A company in order to be transformed into digital has to use digital tools and digital technology (Graph 1)! DR is different than previous revolutions, as it focuses not only on higher production and more information, but also on increased knowledge, by providing data56 to managers on line.
Which are the digital tools? For the time being are 12 (Table 6):
Graph 1. Digital management has to use. Source: Author.
Table 5. Digital technology round us, 2020.
Source: author.
Table 6. Digital tools (2018).
As shown, a company cannot become digital if not using certain of the above tools. But it also has to use six services:
a) Communications
For shipping most important are wireless communications, who greatly improved from all places to all places, and at 24/7, by mobile devices (e.g. smart phones). Satellites help in this endeavor in the case of ships. INMARSAT65 organization can provide real time analysis of data, including engine monitoring, weather information and fuel consumption.
Also, INMARSAT can help for a higher operational efficiency, safety and compliance to, IT security and crew welfare. The "Marine traffic" can give the route of any vessel. Our interest is in the transmission of picture and sound from the ship to shore-office, primarily when a ship is in a port and secondary when ship is at sea. Classification societies push shipping companies to become digital by offering digital services.
b) Robots
Robots are used already in shipbuilding66. But now small robots can be used in ships to do… repairs on their own. Important is to "look", (and "visit"), using robots, ship's double bottom. The double bottom of a ship needs no more to be as wide as used to be, to accommodate crew, and thus ships can increase cargo-taking. Helpful is also to measure, digitally, the speed of incoming water into the ship in a marine accident, and to know if ship's pumps are coping...
Robots outside human skeleton can help crew to lift very heavy objects as this is required at times onboard or in holds. More important is to prevent crew from entering in closed spaces, where gases kill, using robots. Also in cases of repairs in closed spaces, where robots can pre-test the potential use of fire avoiding an explosion67.
c) 4-D printing
Printers can print… a ship. They also can print the required food by crew. These printers embody time and motion.
d) Computers
Computers can automatically adjust the operation of ship's main engine and of the 2 generators as well remaining equipment (boiler; evaporator; incinerator etc.), so that to consume the minimum required fuel, diesel, lubricants, chemicals, paint etc. Super computers have now a calculating power unknown before.
e) Artificial Neural Networks—ANN
Ship's machines can learn: 1) to operate with no supervision; 2) to handle new situations; 3) to recognize persons and objects. Onboard we need to prevent unauthorized crew to access ship's cargo, especially containerships, medicines chest, alcohol storage, cigarettes and weapons cabinets, as well provisions. Also, to see who enters into ship's engine room or using ship's kitchen appliances. ANN can mimic human brain by processing information, and communicating with crew! Automatic reading of boards or texts, and the important Safety Manual, are facilities most helpful to crew, in their mother tongue, and specific guidance of how to approach a port.
Smart tattoos or skin electrodes can monitor influences from environment (pollution); emotions from bad news from home, fatigue or illness, as they provide also health data. There are now monitoring systems that have a speed higher than sound! These systems can recognize from a distance wrecks, a man in the sea, undersea rocks etc. Digital radars may be also used.
f) See from a long distance
However important all the above, more are the flexible electronic devices, i.e. screens, sensors, batteries and electronic networks etc. These can spread-out on cloth, on paper, and on plastic or … on human skin. Cameras installed onboard can see everything round an object. Robotic hands can feel changes in sea environment; ball pens can create electronic networks on surfaces. Drones stationed onboard can pre-tell for pirates or terrorists coming…
Part 5: The traditional Management of ships from a long distance
Generations of shipowners, we presume, dreamed digital management as soon as ceased to be onboard managing their ship from Owner's Cabin! A ship manager, at a certain time, had to leave his/her cabin to undertake the position of manager ashore. This was the result of shipping companies passing, by majority, from a single-ownership to a multi-vessel one, round 1950s.
The above development ended also the romantic-affair between owner and vessel... Vessels since then became "profit-centers", and the only link between owner and vessel remained vessel's christening by crushing a bottle of champagne on ship's cheek at her launching… like a last kiss.
Management from a long distance, after shipowners ceased to be Captains and Merchants at the same time, gave way to Captains, becoming the local managers. A great responsibility passed on them, however. Shipping industry adapted to the new situation by improving the selection of vessels' management (Captains; Chief Engineers). This was an obligatory delegation…but also a passing-over of a substantial risk. Unfortunately, regrets occurred!
Management, from a long distance, had to adopt formalization; i.e. to standardize vessel's jobs, and to guide staff and crew behavior by rules and procedures (mainly written), as the management of ships obtained now a lot of agony and fear. The situation in ships cannot be equal to that in land companies. This is so as formalization in ships is connected also with ship's safety. Thus to break the rules, which is the contemporary trend in non-digital management so that to satisfy customer, cannot be allowed.
Crew has little discretion over what, when and how its work has to be done, not excluding Captain and Chief Engineer. This situation led to a mechanistic structure of shipping companies (Graph 2). The mechanistic organization named also bureaucratic quite rightly, and it is made-up by 6 targets.
Graph 2. A shipping company in a mechanistic structure. Source: inspired by Robbins & Coulter, 2018: p. 392.
In above structure, it is necessary to write down all rules and procedures, not only for crew, but also for shore-office staff. Then a top-manager has to have a proper staff at shore-office in suitable quality and quantity, which will supervise the implementation of all these rules and procedures, as well company's budget. The shore staff by necessity is, but not exclusively, former Captains and Engineers, with some 12 - 15 years or more of sea experience.
The above structure fits like a glove to all shipping companies we know. A shipping company is so organized in a number of departments that may reach 20 in large companies. Shipping companies have only 2 divisions: one in the area of Administration, supervising also Office HRM, Public Relations and Secretariat; and one in the area of Economics supervising also Accounts, IT and economic department. Certain shipping companies may have a Controller.
The staff within departments is highly specialized: Sea HRM, Port Captains, Operations and Technical. Non-maritime staff is found in Supply, Insurance, Accounts, Office Personnel & Public Relations, Secretariat, IT and Chartering. This does not mean that there is no mixed staff, (maritime-non maritime), within these departments. Large shipping companies may have also an S+P department to sell and buy company's ships. They have also a competitive chartering department "competing" with company's chartering department, providing services to customers outside company. Large companies have also a Performance Engineer.
Chartering and Operations are the… royal departments, however, as the first sells company's ship-space to charterers and the 2nd produces services "ordered" by charterers. Without Sales is nothing to produce and without production is nothing to earn. Given that most shipping companies, at least Greek ones, are personal or family ones, their culture is that of Zeus (Figure 3)!
As shown, there is only one source of power: Shipowner-S: a proud and strong personal culture (Onassis; Niarchos), where decisions are taken very fast, as this is imperative for shipping, coupled with perfect timing. The owner provides the resources, and especially capital, has the power, and he inspires discipline. He/ she is known by his/her surname and not by company's name!
Company believes in individuals, not in committees. It judges staff on results. It does not provide succession, but it creates other companies by splitting-up ships to sons, to daughters or to brothers (Goulielmos, 2017). This structure is
Figure 3. The culture in Greek shipping companies. Source: Author.
centralized68, with a narrow span of control69. It is tough, though it provides the means required for a mission.
The chain of command is clear. It goes from top-management-S to divisional managers-DM, and from them to departmental managers-DeM and finally to operators-Ops, and then to Captains/Chief Engineers. Managers, divisional and departmental, care for the chain of command so that hierarchy to remain intact. Our theory of managing by attractors due to theory of Chaos is not implemented in shipping, but it should, though attractors are the persons that get company's bonuses or congratulations! This proves that attractors exist.
Shipping companies' structure is made-out intentionally in few hierarchical levels, maximum 4: top-management; divisional managers; departmental managers; operators. This serves to have speed in decision-making and rapid implementation, avoiding time-consuming boards of directors. Computerization increased the speed of decision-making, making structures and hierarchies flatter, and obtaining information directly: computers, quite rightly, do not like hierarchy, while they like attractors!
Part 6: A Digital Ship Management
Our main interest is to implement digital shipping management the same way international companies manage their activities in various foreign locations, where top-management cannot be present. Worth-watching ship activities are: all shipments from suppliers to the ship; ship's loading/unloading, ship's repairs/maintenance, dry-docking; terrorists' (ISPS Code, 2004) or piracy threats; crew's unrest; ship's delay and ship's proper and economical navigation. This would have the advantage to identify problems in an instant, and act faster.
The 1st change in a shipping company is to establish, at shore office, an "International command & control center" (ICCC). This will replace traditional map (Scan 1).
Scan 1. A world map of a large shipping company with networks and "positions" of company's ships and routes shown by pins or flags. Source: Mediterranean shipping company (modified).
These ship positions are up-dated once in 7 days... This ICCC has to be equipped with a number of computer screens, relaying video and data, keeping watch on the operations of company's ships round ports70. The "Digital Information Technology"—DIT department has to "digitize71 company's operations". Chartering e.g. has to use digital channels to interact with charterers and software to know where and how many competitors are already in the same market.
Shipping companies can also present the agreement with a charterer (the charter party) on screen at the office, and on Captain's computer, codified, and in advance of that the fixture confirmation is presented. Innovative software considers this as a 1st step in ship's production chain, but it can also execute it! Ship's production is planned in a computerized voyage plan in a 2nd step, meaning execution of the charter party, including physical parts (loading; open/close hatch covers; unloading etc.), and showing all relevant services that have to be provided to charterer.
On72 screen is to be shown all relevant influences determining voyage performance of the vessel based on a relevant computer program and on information on line provided by INMARSAT. A computer calculates ship's stability and the way of loading properly ship's holds, monitors cargo temperature etc. This software allows a better adaptation of the ship to the provisions of charter party, but it can be also expanded and care for the reduction of operating cost, meaning increased competitiveness.
To achieve the above, we have to use certain digital tools (Graph 3). The adoption of technologies plays here important role, including traditional web tools.
Companies increasingly make strategic changes based on data (business intelligence) (Graph 4).
For business intelligence, data has to be organized so that managers to use them to make more effective strategic decisions. Information on competitors' profits or competitors' market penetration are valuable. In shipping efforts are paid to find-out what other companies pay to their Captains or Chief Engineers, etc., and for provisions' cost.
Jesus Christ (Son of God; 30 - 33 AD), and Pareto (1909), were clear that the poor will be always among us; and despite… any industrial revolution73. The
Graph 3. The digital tools for management. Source: Inspired by Robbins & Coulter, 2018: p. 101; 302-4; mass media added. % corresponds to positive respondents (McKinsey, 2018).
Graph 4. Business intelligence sources. Source: inspired by Robbins & Coulter, 2018: p. 302.
industrial revolutions, no doubt, increased substantially quantity74 of food so that Malthus' fears not to be verified. But they failed, however, to improve its quality, and par excellence failed to better quality of life, as they should!
History showed that certain great thinkers were utopians, including Einstein, Malthus and Marx. Malthus believed that population will double in 25 years, and then starve... Moreover, Malthus could not imagine that his theory of moral restraint would lead Mr. Place to suggest contraception… And surely he could not figure-out that the abortions could be so popular, so that to invalidate his model...
Remarkable is also with Malthus that he had 3 diverse impacts: in inspiring Mr. Darwin towards… scientific socialism; in supporting Mr. Ricardo to advocate free trade and in leading Mr. Place to suggest contraception! Societies, we believe, are already late in undertaking their Social Revolution. The "misunderstood" Malthus expressed a concern, and a warning, under certain restrictive and unrealistic assumptions, no doubt, towards his society, because he saw that working people could not ever improve their standard of living75… by creating larger and larger families!
One is, however, surprised to find out that the legal framework of certain countries defined embryo's beginning of life differently.
Verhulst treated Malthus mathematically, without knowing that his simple quadratic equation is a proof of Chaos existence by using a "power dynamic law". He showed that a closed economy can feed a certain (maximum) population, and given that people… die76, this maximum will be never reached. A proper model for population's growth had better to be based mainly on two essential propensities, i.e. one to die (mortality) and to one to bear children (fertility).
In digital shipping management, the future is opened brilliant by making the dreams of shipowners-managers to come true enabling them to see into their ships and crew to do things efficiently and effectively…
Great human minds conceived new theories, and certain other, small, derived from them inappropriate suggestions destructive for human lives, like Mr. Place from Mr. Malthus. The same did Mr. Roosevelt from Mr. Einstein. Einstein (1905, 1907) proved77 that energy is equal to the square of mass by speed of light. This eventually (1939) led to the construction of atomic bomb (with 129,000 dead in Hiroshima & 229,000 in Nagasaki in 1945)… For details see Wolfson, 2003: pp. 154-160.
1Economists admired Newton, (& Physics), as well Mathematics. Malthus used a geometric progression, i.e. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486 and so on, with a common ratio 3, and an arithmetic progression: i.e. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, etc. (with a common ratio 3). Gp is a sequence of numbers where each term, after first, is multiplied by the previous one by a fixed positive number, the common ratio. ap is a sequence of numbers such that the difference between consecutive terms is constant.
2An axiom is a self-evident truth (or established principle).
3We assumed that abortions are equal to 5% of total population (based on Greek experience); contraceptions (arbitrarily) are assumed to be 10%. In USA "induced abortions" occur at a rate 1 out of 5 births (20%) (Internet). An "induced abortion" is the cut of pregnancy, including cases where medication is taken (Jones & Lopez, 2014).
4A "Food Corporation of India" formed having 77m tons of stock in March 2020.
5People have to pay additional money to learn the new technologies.
6Pensioners stress at least: the national health system, the funds destined for pensions, and the number of "old-age houses". It is better to keep people—of over 65 years of age—in work, if fit and if they want. The motive can be for them to get a rise in their final pension. Greek Government treated the right to be a pensioner like a holy cow, and timidly extended working age limit to 67 years for new pensioners. Greek State forbids pensioners to work by legislating penalties (e.g. to cut-off part of their pension)! At the same time government pays money to prolong life and is proud to announce a longer prospective life!
7See below comments on economic equality.
8Explained in Appendix.
9The UK NHS provides contraceptive pills.
10CO-Christian Orthodoxy-allows no pregnancy-interruption or -avoidance; prior to marriage sexual activity is restricted; and those married have to obey certain rules. CO is in favor of large families of 6, or at least 5, children. Catholic priests are not allowed to have a wife, while St. Peter had one.
11Nowadays science argues that the more adaptive will survive…
12Economists comment on 2nd essay (as a piece of economics).
13For Keynes world economy is interrelated. When the price of oil rose by OPEC, (a Cartel of governments), (end 1973), the higher cost entered into the prices of almost all goods, which many imported by OPEC. Also, USA rescued the post 2nd WW economy of Germany with 2 high loans; also, American technology made Germany competitive. Onassis saved post 2nd WW German shipbuilding (Goulielmos, 2017). EU saved Greek economy by providing loans. Some said that the world is one village, but "is it one family"?
14Due to COVID-19 the demand for oil fell dramatically, and so did oil price below $20/b for Brent. S Arabia and Russia failed to agree to cut supply. Oil from schist needs $50/b to be viable. Greek oil costs $22/b. Certain oil producing countries need $61/b. One day of work at home means 376,000b less benzene in USA. In European Continent 2 countries decided no measures for COVID-19; 23 are in quarantine and 14 are ready to ease their measures by end April 2020 or May.
15Economics christened laws certain economic relationships to mimic Physics. This mistake has to be rectified, so that economists to regain their reliability. If there were laws, economists would be "lawyers of the economy"! A law indicates something which is always happening!
16Research improved land cultivation (better seeds), use of fertilizers, creation of a digitalized agriculture, use of larger sizes of agricultural lands, drained-out lakes, irrigation projects done, and rivers changed their course, etc.; all these proved Ricardo wrong.
Ricardo's argument was based on "law15 of diminishing returns", and on the fact that different agricultural lands have different fertilities16. "New economics" remind that this "law" was only one out of 3 (Goulielmos, 2018a). Ricardo accepted the Malthusian view of population, leading to unlimited supply of labor (at a subsistence wage)17. He assumed that accumulation will stop due to lack of profits in agriculture, and then in manufacturing. He extended Malthus suggesting imports (of foreign cheap grain).
17In 1815; 1846; in UK, imports of corn were prohibited to prevent price from falling.
18Keynes did not support Ricardo's writings, while he admired Malthus'!
19The 81% of respondents in McKinsey (2018) study confirmed this.
20Utopia offers a perfect social, or political system, existing in one's imagination, but hard, or impossible, to organize, or to implement it in real life.
21Greece used to feed about 25 m tourists in 3 summer months. Cruise ships are also floating restaurants for 5000 passengers.
22"The minimum level of consumption necessary for existence" is a concept due to classical economists. Classics introduced also the "Corn and Poor laws" (UK). Classical economists are considered those born since 1723 (i.e. Dr. Smith A.) until 1873, including Malthus and J S Mill, i.e. over a period of 150 years.
23In agricultural economies families bear many children. Children are killed during civil wars (e.g. Syria). Moreover, children are sought after for their organs; and when they try to immigrate to EU, many perish in Greek and Italian seas…
24Wars are now local and economical. World wars are feared for the potential use of nuclear weapons.
25"Equality" emerged in French revolution in 1789, one principle of utopia, based on "human Justice". Human Justice is satisfied, when a decision gives 1/2 of what is claimed to 2 persons; "justice of equal sharing". The non-human justice is different and more important. Economists dealt with economic inequality (e.g. Sen, 1973). Sen is Nobel holder for Economy; Political Philosopher & 86 years old Professor of Harvard University, who in an interview to Greek Sunday Press (26/04/2020), argued that Economics is a moral science & Society is a mirror of moral values. "We live better if one helps the other", he said. He argued that real freedom is when one can acquire the goods that give value to his/her life. Economic equality is related to the distribution of income (see Goulielmos, 2018b).
26Exceptions are the pregnancies from rapes and dangering mother's health.
27Legislators had to know better; but do experts know? Psychologists, and all those dealing with human soul (psyche), they do not know what soul is, or they believe is a chemical thing!
28Ricardo interested in income distribution. After Keynes, economists focused on growth (moreover income distribution divided people), trying to make Keynes' model dynamic and long-term. In a larger pie, poor is expected to get a larger piece! In growth, all political parties agree. Right wing people used to be accused, however, for wanting the rich to become richer, and the poor to become poorer…!
29Professor of Economics at University of Lausanne (1892); successor of Prof. Walras L.
30A number of scientists contributed to the establishment of Normal Distribution-ND: Laplace in 1778 proved the "Central Limit Theorem"; Adrian, 1808; Gauss, 1809, who developed the formula of ND. Quetelet—mentioned below—applied ND to humanity.
31Wealthy persons do not like wealth equality, we believe. Employers, however, are responsible for the unequal income distribution… but they are right paying on merit!
32This is a passage from St. John's gospel (chap. 12, 8, NT). In this (χωρίον): "Maria, sister of Lazarus of Bethany, in a sentimental action, used a valuable Myron from Valerian valued ~$9000, (in today's prices), to prepare JC's body for burial." Judas of Iscariot, on pure logic, and a thief, protested to JC as he lost the opportunity to "manage" this vast amount (=300 daily wages) and … give it to Poor.
33A stronger point is how one treats wealth after it is obtained… (e.g. St. Matthew's case).
34We had better to correlate Religion to Population. Interesting correlation could be also between Abortions and Population. A third correlation is Family Planning and Population.
35Catholicism allows no divorce. CO allows a divorce in the case of death, and/or prostitution.
36China e.g., in 2015, allowed a 2nd child to be born.
37China is estimated to become the 1st nuclear and military power forming an army of 200 m when 2b.
38Many males fear marriage and the responsibility of children. Many males feel they lose their freedom, when married, and wives believe that births deteriorate their body. Gynecologists argue that all births have to be carried-out by a "Caesarian section", like in the case of Julius Caesar.
39Alone or not, with male or female etc. and inside or outside a marriage...
40Societies have to establish adequate numbers of "houses for the newly-born babies", which mothers "cannot" have. These babies can be given subsequently for adoption, something that could perhaps terminate babies' trade priced from $5000 to 10,000 each (in Greece). Schools have to educate young girls in secondary etc. schools, about unwilling pregnancies, the dangers of abortion and of Aids. Few know that abortion harms mother's psychology, being really an illness.
41Malthus could not suspect the number of deaths occurring in modern societies due to road & air accidents, to use of drugs, terrorists' attacks, climatic change (floods; hurricanes; fires), smoking, suicides, nuclear accidents (Russia; Japan) and Aids… Apropos are the recent massive killings in USA (N. California, Texas, and Ohio, in August 2019).
42Population depends on the progress of Medicine, the level of stress and on the quality of nutrition.
43Rising α in a negative power; cube it, then find the square root and invert. Alpha is not time-fixed.
44Pareto argued that this power law is in the nature of man…
45Verhulst influenced by Quetelet (1835), who argued that population, cannot grow geometrically over a long period, due to obstacles mentioned already by Malthus.
46Verhulst's model pre-assumes a proper place of settlement. Pre-requisites are to have fertile land and water or a river/lake near-by, we believe.
47Verhulst's equation was: P t = P o e r t / 1 + P o ( e r t − 1 ) / K (3) (called logistic*); where total population increases progressively from Po, at time t (=0), to a limit K, if t → + ∞ . (3) is equivalent to an equation of geometric progression (discrete time). Verhulst argued that a geometric progression is a special case of population with advanced civilization in a fertile territory of unlimited size. (*) Logistic is a Greek word for feeding an army (commissariat); given also that Verhulst, in 1840, appointed professor at the "Royal Military School" (Brussels).
48VM dealt only with starvation deaths.
49Starting generation = 100; then 180; 295; 416; 486; 500; 500; 500; 500; 500; 500!
50Greeks pay ?b p.a. to import medicines! Poor countries import medicines from advanced countries, which prolong life, but they are unable to increase food!
51At α = 3+ the first bifurcation with 2 values starts at α = 3.45; then we get 4 values, then 8, 16 and so on!
52The 1st industrial revolution based on steam increased production by mechanization. Next mass production made possible with the aid of electric power, in the 2nd revolution. This revolution had a long evolutionary history; 1889 was the year of a large-scale electric generation. Moreover, industry realized that with no information, leading also to automation, production could not be further increased. Since 1975, till now, electronics and information technology automated production.
53Japan 5; S. Korea 4; Netherlands 3; Germany 3; India 3; France 2; Ireland 2; Also, Canada, Finland, S. Africa, UK, Israel, Switzerland, and Luxembourg 1 each, (2 unknown). Greece 0.
54A report of EC listed the 100 most radical discoveries. See also: "Horizon 2020" and "Horizon Europe" organized by EC's Research and Innovation Directorate.
55Big data concerns the vast amount of quantifiable information analyzable by highly sophisticated data processing devices.
56In-form-ation means data-in-form.
57Intelligence demonstrated by machines to help users to solve problems. AI is a set of ideas, of technologies and of techniques related to the ability of a computer's system to execute commands, which under normal circumstances, would require human intelligence. Here we have chatbots and a higher calculating power.
58Every day things: to generate, store and share data across internet.
59A method to an additive construction to create a 3- and 4-D object with materials added together.
60Manipulation of a matter on an atomic molecular and super-molecular scale.
61The design and discovery of new materials, particularly solid.
62To capture energy produced. Important for computers, electric cars, and in saving electric power.
63Use of quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform computations.
64Mechanisms controlled by computer-based algorithms.
65INMARSAT = international mobile satellite organization.
66Technology created new professions. Mankind is obliged to increase educational expenses, as technology "devalued" certain professions…Universities had to teach the new technologies at the pace they crop-up… And what we have to do with persons who become unemployed round their 40s?
67Robots can measure the level of oxygen and gasses.
68Decision-making is done by top-management though there is a manual for the authority to sign.
69The number of employees a manager can efficiently and effectively manage does not exceed 20 - 25 in Greece, and even less (3+). This is different among Germans and Japanese of 1 to 75.
70Like CNN news room with numerous computer-screens relaying video and data and keeping a watch round the world; like Hyundai; like Siemens, which argued that digitalization gives push to productivity (siemens.com/future-of-manufacturing) combining reality with the virtual… one. Entire production chains, or cargo transport, can become more flexible and thus more efficient; companies have now the capability to respond to the demands of every customer (charterer) faster and at the same quality of service.
71Recognized by 68% of respondents (McKinsey, 2018).
72A charter party is an order for transporting a specific cargo from port A to port B, in safety and in an agreed time, given stated speed, excluding negative influences (sea condition; currents; winds etc.).
73Revolution is, we believe, if it provides basic goods at low prices. Eventually lower prices emerged only for computers, smart phones, TV sets, and sensors (not an exhaustive list), due to increasing returns to scale (Goulielmos, 2018a).
74If there is an over-production of an agricultural product, which according to law of Supply and Demand, it will obtain a very low price, it is destroyed. Producers should give it free to poor people, to "houses for the aged" and to state hospitals, we believe. This idea is also applicable to products near expiry and spare meals.
75This is clear from the subtitle of his essay.
76During an economic crisis those that die are more than those they are newly-born!
77Let (relativistic) kinetic energy (K) be equal to total energy of a particle: E = K + mc2. If there is rest, then K = 0.
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
[1] Anonymous (i) (1798). An Essay on the Principle of Population. (ii) Malthus, R. T. (1803). 2nd edition. (iii) Malthus, R. T. (1830). Summary View of the Essay. (iv) Flew, A. (Ed.) (1970). Malthus: An Essay on the Principle of Population and a Summary View. London: Pelican Books, used in this article as a main source on Malthus Theory.
[2] Blaug, M. (1997). Economic Theory in Retrospect (5th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3] Darwin, C. R. (i) (1868). Darwin C, autobiography, edited by N Barlow, Collins, 1958. (ii) "The Variations of Animals and Plants under Domestication", J Murray, Vol. 1. (iii) Darwin, C. (1905). "My Life", Chapman & Hall, Vol. 1, pp. 361-362.
[4] Daugherty, P., Banerjee, P., Negm, W., & Alter, A. E. (2015). Driving Unconventional Growth through the Industrial Internet of Things. Accenture Technologies. Pearson Global Edition.
http://www.accenture.com/
[5] De la Boutetiere, H., Montagner, A., & Reich, A. (2019). The Keys to a Successful Digital Transformation.
[6] Engels, F. (i) (1844). Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy. Int. Publisher, NY 1964, p. 222; (ii) An Appendix to K Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscript.
[7] Godwin, W. (1793). Enquiry Concerning Political Justice.
[8] Goulielmos, A. M. (2017). The Great Achievement of Greek-Owned Shipping (1946-2017) and Keynes Animal Spirits. Modern Economy, 8, 1186-1210.
https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2017.810082
[9] Goulielmos, A. M. (2018a). Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms in Economics with Two Case-Studies from Shipping Industry. Modern Economy, 9, 1313-1337.
https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2018.97085
[10] Goulielmos, A. M. (2018b). The Economics of Wealth According to Economic and Religious Principles. Modern Economy, 9, 1465-1489.
[11] Griffith, E. (2015). What Is Cloud Computing? PC Magazine (on line).
http://www.pemag.com/
[12] Jones, R. E., & Lopez, K. H. (2014). Human Reproduction & Biology (4th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
[13] Keynes, J. M. (1933). Essays in Biography. London: Macmillan.
[14] Mandelbrot, B. B., & Hudson, R. (2006; 2008 preface). The Mis-Behavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Risk, Ruin and Reward. New York: Basic Books.
[15] Marshall, A. (1896). The Economics of Industry (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan.
[16] McKinsey (2018). McKinsey & Company.
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/ourinsi
[17] Michailidis, T., & Mpountis, T. (2017). Talking to Athina about Chaos and Complexity. Athens: Patakis Publications.
[18] Mill, J. S. (1848). Principles of Political Economy.
[19] Ojala, M. (2015). Competitive Intelligence Becomes More Important. Trends E-Magazine, 1-5.
[20] Pareto, V. (1909). Manual of Political Economy. French translation from the Italian edition, reprinted in Oeuvres completes, 1966, Genève, Libraire Droz.
[21] Place, F. (1822). Illustrations and Proofs of the Principle of Population. London: Longman, Hurst, Reeds. Orme & Brown.
[22] Quetelet, A. (1835). Sur l'omme et le development de ses faculties [A Treatise on Man and the Development of His Faculties]. Paris: Bachelier.
[23] Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy ,and Taxation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Republished 2015)
[24] Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2018). Management (14th ed.). London: Pearson.
[25] Robinson, J. (1962). Economic Philosophy. London: Penguin Books.
[26] Sen, A. (1973). On Economic Inequality. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[27] Verhulst, P. F. (1838). Notice on the Law That Population Will Pursue in Its Growth. Correspondence in Mathematical Physics, 10, 113-121. (Translation from French)
[28] Wolfson, R. (2003). Simply Einstein: Relativity Demystified. New York: WW Norton Co.


org: OOO "ECO PC - Complex Solutions"
Mediametrics.ru desktop website speed is slow. Page speed is important for both search engines and visitors end.
Mediametrics.ru mobile website speed is slow. Page speed is important for both search engines and visitors end.
5,616th most visited website in the World.


print to pdf doesn't print cues with parts.
I just ran a print on Cue Summary and got cue parts in my printout.
ok can you try with my show please?
Here you go. I definitely see the cue parts in the cue list summary.
i can't see cue parts in cue content pdf.
Ah...that I did see. I'll put it on the list.
QList from Import show have no PDF CueContent.


text:
Question: Where is alcohol illegal in the world?
What country has no alcohol laws?
What religions dont drink alcohol?
Do Muslims drink alcohol?
Is alcohol illegal in Alaska?
Is there alcohol in Iran?
Why did the US ban alcohol?
Is alcohol ban in Pakistan?
What was the 18th Amendment?
1. Armenia. The landlocked country located between Asia & Europe also used to be a part of the Soviet Union. There are no drinking or purchasing laws in Armenia.
Unlike Judaism and Christianity, Islam strictly forbids alcohol consumption. While Muslims consider the Hebrew Bible and Gospels of Jesus to be relevant scriptures, the Quran supersedes previous scriptures.
Although alcohol is considered haram (prohibited or sinful) by the majority of Muslims, a significant minority drinks, and those who do often outdrink their Western counterparts. Among drinkers, Chad and a number of other Muslim-majority countries top the global ranking for alcohol consumption.
Currently, under local-option laws, 21 towns in Alaska ban the sale of alcohol, 42 ban the sale and importation of alcohol, and 33 ban the sale, importation, and possession of alcohol, according to the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Board.
Alcohol has been legally prohibited for Muslim Iranian citizens since the establishment of Islamic Republic government in 1979. In 2017, 5.7% of the adult population were found to have consumed alcohol in the previous year.
National prohibition of alcohol (1920–33) — the "noble experiment" — was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. … The lessons of Prohibition remain important today.
THIS IS FUNNING: What is a spirit vs liquor?
Drinking is officially forbidden for Muslims in Pakistan, which drives a thriving black market. … Alcohol consumption has been controlled in Pakistan since 1977, when the populist government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto enacted prohibition laws, with isolated exemptions for bars and clubs.
18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Primary Documents in American History. Ratified on January 16, 1919, the 18th Amendment prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Campo Date cadastrar date Tenho uma Tabela que um dos campos é tipo date. Na minha página inserir.asp quando digito a data por exemplo assim 10/07/2017 ou 2017-07-12 não salva no banco MySQL.
O erro que é mostrado é esse:

Erro: [MySQL][ODBC 3.51 Driver][mysqld-5.7.13-log]Incorrect date value: '' for column 'data_inicio' at row 1

Criei no código HTML uma função:
<%
Function InverteDataMySql(data_inicio)
if not isdate(data_inicio) then exit function
if instr(data_inicio, " ") > 0 then
hora  = split(data_inicio, " ")(1)
end if
InverteDataMySql = year(cdate(data_inicio)) & "-" & month(cdate(data_inicio)) & "-" & day(cdate(data_inicio))
if hora <> "" then InverteDataMySql = InverteDataMySql & " " & hora
End Function
%>

Chamo a função aqui na página inserir.asp:

    Data Inicio:

     <input name="FormDataInicio" size="10" maxlength="80" value="<%=Response.Write(InverteDataMySql())%>"/>

Mas não funciona.
Tudo foi resolvido no próprio SQL usando STR_TO_DATE
O código ficou assim:
 "INSERT INTO tb_registros_para_controle(nome_livro, nome_autor, nome_editora, data_inicio, "
sql = sql & " data_termino, data_paralisacao, "
sql = sql & " segunda_feira, terca_feira, quarta_feira, quinta_feira, "
sql = sql & " sexta_feira, sabado, domingo, observacao) VALUES ( "
sql = sql & "'" & Request.Form("FormNomeLivro")                  & "', "
sql = sql & "'" & Request.Form("FormNomeAutor")                  & "', "
sql = sql & "'" & Request.Form("FormNomeEditora")                & "', "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataInicio")     &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataTermino")    &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataParalisacao")&"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataSegunda")    &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataTerca")      &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataQuarta")     &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataQuinta")     &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataSexta")      &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataSabado")     &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "STR_TO_DATE('" & Request.Form("FormDataDomingo")    &"','%d/%m/%Y')" & ", "
sql = sql & "'" & Request.Form("FormNomeObservacao") & "' "
sql = sql & ")"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The full-cheeked snaffle is available with a variety of mouthpieces, such as the french link and the slow twist.
The cheek pieces can be helpful in refining the turning aids and for preventing the bit from being pulled through the mouth.
I use a french linked full cheek snaffle with keepers (small leather loops), which fix the bit in a position which keeps the link in the center of the mouthpiece flat on my horse's tongue. When used without the keepers, it will twist in his mouth and give the bit the same action as a Dr. Bristol mouthpiece, which is more severe than the french link.
The keepers, by fixing the bit in alignment with the cheekpieces of the bridle, also add a small degree of pressure on the poll when the rein is used.


Nothing stands out on dark backgrounds like white and with Pilot's SUPER COLOR WHITE PAINT MARKER you can bring some brightness to your life! The SUPER COLOUR WHITE PAINT MARKER leave a permanent opaque marking on almost any surface - wood, paper, glass, card, metal even rubber!
Pilot Super Color Marker Pen.
Brilliant, opaque, permanent white paint markers.
Bonded acrylic fibre tip retains its shape.
Works on almost any surface.
Suitable for use on wood, paper, glass, card, metal, even rubber!


"Maternal Sensitivity and the Security of Infant-Mother Attachment: A Q" by David R. Pederson, Greg Moran et al.
40 mothers and their 12-month-old infants were observed twice at home by 2 observers for 2 hours. After the second visit, the observers described the infant using the Waters Attachment Behavior Q-sort and the mother's interactive behavior with the Maternal Behavior Q-sort developed by the present authors and Ainsworth's rating scales. Maternal sensitivity was unrelated to maternal age, income, or SES, but correlated positively with maternal education. Mothers of more difficult children were less sensitive. A strong relation was found between infant attachment and maternal sensitivity as measured by the Maternal Behavior Qsort and by the Ainsworth scales. Using the Q-sort procedure, mothers of more secure infants were more frequently characterized as noticing their babies' signals and using these signals to guide their behavior; they also were more knowledgeable about their infant and appeared to enjoy them more than mothers of less secure infants.


In this modern-day mystery adventure, a young woman, pilot and mechanic, hides in the life and identity she created until a casual, random event catches the attention of the deadly sinister side of her past, resurrecting old memories and fears and revealing new complications and lethal dangers.
Convinced a picture of Charlie Basset West is his missing daughter, Emli, Howard Collingsworth sent his investigators to find and bring this woman to him; no matter what it took. Can Glen West honor their public appearances and still protect Charlie from a possible kidnapping attempt? Or worse?


We help our clients satisfy their statutory obligations, but also provide them with help and advice so that our input is as cost effective as possible.
Setting up internal Accounting Systems.
We provide businesses with the opportunity to outsource their Accounting Department to us for a small monthly fee. This allows clients to utilise our accounting knowledge and experience, leaving them to concentrate efforts on developing their business.
This service is undertaken on a monthly basis, so that transactions are up-to-date. Thus, statements can be sent out monthly to help improve cash flow. Records can be delivered, collected or even processed on site giving business owners immediate access to up-to-date financial information.
How do I operate my Accounts?
Whatever kind of business you run you are required by law to keep financial records relating to it.
There are a number of benefits to be gained from keeping accurate and up-to-date records.
It saves you time, and therefore money, whenever you need to produce financial reports and you can be confident that you're only paying the tax you owe. It also helps you keep up to date with how much you owe to suppliers and how much you are owed by customers.
What's important is that you keep accurate, relevant financial records and update them on a regular basis. You may incur a penalty if you're unable to provide evidence for the statements made in your income tax or VAT returns.
Sceptre provide training courses to help new clients develop their accounting systems and to train them on how to maintain appropriate records. We undertake an analysis of our client's business and then adopt a strategy to develop an accounting system that is tailor made to meet their requirements.
Our training programmes are flexible and can be dovetailed to fit with our client's specific requirements. They can take the form of 'on the job training' using live data whilst the client completes their normal daily/weekly functions, or they can be a traditional classroom approach.
An HMRC officer may ask to see this Invoice and may want to see how this information relates to your accounting records.
'Quickbooks Professional' software is designed to allow non-Accountants to produce accurate records and produce reports that satisfy all legal obligations. Management reports such as Profit & Loss reports and customer statements allow you to run your business more efficiently.


Phil who? Rite or not it's like amateur player bashing pro for not doing it's best. Phil, whoever you are, remember who and where you are man and stay there.
Same band and same people, how do you think it would not be parallels in situation like that, huh? They are on time, no riots, sober and clean. It's a good start. I like it and it may work out this time!
They don't ban anyone for tellin' the truth.


These extremely slim and delicate instruments of Tekno-Medical can be lead very precisely. The low diameter reduces the post-operative forming of scars significantly.
You can find all products for mini & micro systems for MIS in our detailed catalogue for mini & micro systems for MIS which contains 16 pages. Katalog.


text:
Q: How to allow a bigger avatar (image) in the twitter bootstrap navbar I want to create a dropdown menu like in gmail, wordpress and many other apps where the user can click on his avatar to select an menu item.
Here is what I have done and that works only if I keep my avatar size to 19x19. If I try increasing its size, it messes up my nav bar.
Any suggestions?

    <% if signed_in? %>

            <%= current_user.avatar_file_name.nil? ? raw("") : image_tag(current_user.avatar.url(:square_tiny), size: '19x19', class: "img-rounded") %>

<%= link_to raw(" My Profile"), "/user_profiles/show", :tabindex => "-1" %>

<%= link_to raw(" Admin dashboard"), admin_dashboard_path, :tabindex => "-1" if current_user.has_role? :admin %>

<%= link_to( raw(" Logout"), destroy_user_session_path, :method => :delete) %>

    <% else %>

            <%= link_to(raw(" Sign in"), new_user_session_path, :class => 'btn',  style: 'font-size:12px;') %>
            <%= link_to(raw("Sign up"), new_registration_path(resource_name), :class => 'btn',  style: 'font-size:12px;') %>

<% end %>

A: HTML:

                Username

CSS:
.navbar .profile-image{
    margin: -10px 0px;
    height: 40px;
}

A: The problem is because of the default line hieght for the menu items. Could you make your layout work if you moved the avatar out of the UL like this? http://jsfiddle.net/panchroma/dJS2k/
I have the profile link on the left of the avatar, but there's no reason why you couldn't position it underneath.
I know it's not exactly what you describe but it lets you use any size avatar. The general html would be:
<navbar>

</navbar>


text:
Epidemia de dengue din perioada 2019-2020 este o epidemie de boală dengue, cauzată de virusul dengue (DEN) și transmisă de țânțari din genul Aedes, în special Aedes aegypti, care a provocat o epidemie în mai multe țări din Asia de Sud-Est, inclusiv Filipine, Malaezia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Thailanda, Singapore și Laos,  precum și în mai multe țări din America Latină, cum ar fi Brazilia, Mexic, Columbia, majoritatea Americii Centrale, Peru , Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecuador și nordul Argentinei.

Răspândirea bolii a crescut în zonele în care nivelul de vaccinare a scăzut, în care nu sunt luate măsuri de prevenire adecvate și unde populația de țânțari, care sunt principalii purtători ai bolii și care se pot reproduce în cantități mari, în special în climele calde și umede.

Note

Epidemii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dutch train drivers have several innovative devices and applications to their disposal when operating trains, such as a tablet or smartphone. These innovations replace out-dated devices and provide opportunities for displaying integrated information, which train drivers can use to optimize their driving strategy.
The application of these innovations has an impact on train driver workload, and potentially increases the risk of train driver distraction. Currently there is no overall picture of the impact of (the combination of) these devices on the train driver. To create this 'picture', Intergo (together with the Netherlands Railways) developed a practical applicable method, using different models describing distraction and workload.
This project resulted in a method to assess workload and train driver distraction and is applied at the Netherlands Railways to determine the overall level of workload and potential distraction. The application of this method provided useful insights in the level of workload for the driving task.
An advantage of this newly developed method is that it can be applied to assess workload and distraction for scenarios with innovations that haven't been implemented yet.


There calling for some more snow around 700ft and above this weekend. So we could get a dusting. 30% this coming Monday and 40% on Tuesday then zip after that.
@ 6:00 A.M. it's 10º out.
Awoke to ice on my mustache from breathing through my nose.
Oh, did I mention it was 13 degrees last night?
Pipes just thawed out and it actually warmed up to 39 which was a blessing for the pipes.
You guys are getting a lot of rain as well right now.
Honey!!! We have to go home, I left the oven on...ummm, sprinkler running.
Well Sweetie, thats a good thing, the water lines won't freeze my little Walks.
But but but, ummm uhhh I was getting the lawn mower ready for Spring and left it running in the garage.
Well again, thats a good thing, the exhaust will kill those rodents that have been giving us issues and keep the garage warm, besides, it only had a little bit of gas left in it.
GRAWL@%%%**& OK, we'll stay at the motor inn tonight, but don't get mad at me because you left dirty dishes in the sink.
W H A T ? ? ? I left dishes in the sink?Get your bags, were going home!!!
From my way of thinking, s/he should have invented Quads first. ;D So when the wife gets up we will see if we can get home. LOL We have that mile long hill, so I may have to go in the back way and follow the power lines. About 7 miles out of the way.
Well we made it home safe and sound. What is normally one hr and 15 mins drive took 6.5hrs to get home. There was a large pile up on the freeway and could not move for 3 hrs. Then the rest of the drive was 25 to 30 mph and the roads were a solid sheet of ice ½ to 1 inch thick all the way home. Got home and there was about 8" of snow with snow drift of 2' at the front door and 4' at the back door. But we were home and it made the good wife happy. There were seven tow truck in all that pass us going to clean up the mess.
Damn!!! I hope it stays north, I don't want it..
My niece in Kirkland is snowed in and they never get snowed in, city called an emergency and shut everything down.
By the way, we had lunch in the truck as we were set if something went wrong. Coffee and food for a week if needed. lol and a heater, but we did not need the heater as we had a full tank.
Well lol I found you can not spin out in the snow in 4 wheel drive. Had to drop down into 2 wheel drive, and one wheel drive was even better.
26º out now and it has started raining. There calling for a 90% chance of more snow tonight. Well I got my sidewalks all clean off. There was 2 to 3" of snow that turned into ice on top of the snow, so I have to get it off just to get the snow off the sidewalk.
"The Northwest will remain stormy into next week on the heels of a historic snow and ice storm this past Wednesday and Thursday. In addition, the next two storms slamming into the West Coast will impact areas farther south into California, along with the central and southern Rockies".


FILE - U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry (L) and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov (R) during a bilateral meeting focused on the Syrian crisis in Geneva, Switzerland, August 26, 2016.
Intensive diplomatic efforts have resumed in what some observers see as a last-ditch effort to bring about a cease-fire in Syria.
The 25-page plan HNC leaders presented on Wednesday proposes a six-month negotiating phase between the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and the opposition. After that, there would be an 18-month period in which Syria would be governed by a transitional government made up of opposition representatives, members of the current government and civil society.
That vision, however, is unlikely as long as the two main outside players in the conflict, Russia and the United States, refuse to compromise on their support for the two opposing sides. Moscow supports Assad and Washington adamantly wants him out of power.
U.S. diplomats, speaking to VOA News, have expressed frustration with their Russian counterparts whom they have accused of reversing direction on some key points of agreement in recent days.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov "plan to meet in the coming days to see if they can conclude an agreement, having now identified the remaining issues," said Ben Rhodes, deputy national security advisor for strategic communications, traveling with President Barack Obama in Laos.
Even if the American and Russian diplomats bridge those gaps it might not prove palatable to some of the elements fighting in Syria.
"If what the Russians and the Americans agree upon is very much different from what the Syrians aspire to, then we shall not accept it," said Riyad Hijab, the top coordinator for the main Syrian opposition negotiating group at stalled U.N.-mediated talks in London.
A key sticking point involves the fate of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, whom the opposition groups insist must leave office at the end of six months of negotiations to establish a transitional administration.
Britain's top diplomat hoped to capitalize on what little common ground exists between the U.S. and Russian positions. "Even the Russians have accepted that there must be political transition," Johnson said in a column of The Times newspaper Wednesday. "But then the Russians are also employing their military muscle to prevent him from losing and to keep him in power," he wrote.
British officials portrayed the opposition's plan as the first credible blueprint for a political transition in Syria.
"The reality is that the Assad regime is pretty confident that it is not really under any military pressure, so why on Earth should it be interested in such a deal unless it was forced to by some sort of pressure from Russia and Iran," said David Butter, a Middle East analyst at Chatham House. "But that does not seem to be a realistic prospect," he told VOA.
A proposed Syrian cease-fire was discussed on Monday during a 90-minute meeting between Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the G-20 Summit in Hangzhou, China.
Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, speaks with U.S. President Barack Obama in Hangzhou in eastern China's Zhejiang province, China, Sept. 5, 2016.
Russia, along with Iran, supports Assad.
Adel al-Jubeir, the foreign minister of Saudi Arabia, the primary rival of Iran, said Tuesday in London a cease-fire accord was possible within 24 hours, but cautioned that Assad is unlikely to abide by any agreement.
A complex war has been raging in Syria for five years, fracturing the country, killing hundreds of thousands of people and displacing 12 million, more than half of the country's pre-war population.
Luis Ramirez contributed to this report from London.


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Travel October 27, 2020 July 27, 2022 wanderlustdairies 8 Comments
Rameshwaram, although is widely known as a popular holy place of worship, it is also an amazing tourist destination. Take it from me, an avid traveller, but a very average religious person. Now, why is it a must visit? Because it is believed that Lord Rama had himself set foot in this place, and had planned out the entire episode of building the world famous Adam's bridge that connects India's Pamban Island with Sri Lanka's Mannar Island in his efforts to cross over and rescue Sita from Ravan's clutches. Now, my knowledge on the tale of Ramayana is restricted to a few episodes that I watched on Television as a child, but believe me I was completely sold to the idea that it had actually happened, and had happened right here at Rameshwaram by the end of my 3 day Madurai Rameshwaram tour itinerary.
- Arrival at Rameshwaram railway station
- Check into hotel. (Jiwan Residency)
- Ramar Padham
- Villondi Tirtham
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam National Memorial
- Lakshmana Tirtham
- Electronic Moving Statue Museum
- Panchamukhi Hanuman Temple
- Rama Tirtham
- House of Kalam
- Ram Setu
- Ruined church of Dhanushkodi
- Kothandaramar Temple
- Leave for Madurai
- Pamban bridge
- Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple
- Ariyaman Beach
- Ramanathaswamy temple
- Holy bath at Agni Tirtham
- Glass boat ride at Holy island water sports/Pamban Bridge
- Kayaking & other watersports
- Check out from your hotel and leave for railway station
After you reach the Rameshwaram Railway Station, take a cab or book a tuktuk and head to your hotel. Complete the checkin formalities and get dressed to start your day.
It's very hot in Rameshwaram, although we had travelled in February which is apparently considered to be a good time to visit, but the sun was still too harsh, so it's advisable to use a car in place of a moped. Also, it is advisable to book a tour with a local agent as in some places you may completely lose the mobile network and google maps can fail you. You don't need to book in advance, you can just reach out to your hotel reception who can arrange a local guide for you to drive you around all the tourist places.
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Ramar Padham
The first attraction in Rameshwaram that you'd most likely visit is Ramar Padham. It is believed that Lord Rama planned and oversaw the construction of Ram Setu from here. It is also believed that Lord Hanuman took leap from this hillock to Lanka in search of Goddess Sita. A famous sunrise & sunset spot, this place provides a fantastic view of the entire island of Rameshwaram and also is the highest point on the island. There is also a little temple with Lord Rama's footprints on a chakra on the first floor here at Ramar Padham.
Villondi Tirtham
From Ramar Padham, head next to Villondi Tirtham. Legend has it that Lord Ram dipped his arrow in the sea, to fetch fresh water to quench his wife Sita's thirst. Currently, at this location, there is a well like structure constructed on a bridge over the sea. As we walked towards the end of the bridge, a man followed us, drew water from the well (a well more like a water pond) and poured some it into our hands for us to taste it. Interestingly the water tasted sweet despite the well being situated in the middle of the sea.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam National Memorial
A grand memorial built over the mortal remains of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, popularly referred to as the Missile Man of India is a fine blend of Indian & Mughal architecture. A perfect tribute to the great leader and scientist that he was, the memorial holds about 9000 paintings and 200 rare photos of the former president. The entrance of the memorial resembles that of the India Gate, put together with a Chettinad door that takes after the Thanjavur's Brihadeeswara Temple's entrance door. And the main dome of the building is a replica of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, all put together render Kalam's dream of a United India. This memorial is a must visit during your 3 day Madurai Rameshwaram tour itinerary.
Also Read: My Harrowing Experience of Walking The 28Kms To Tirupati Balaji Temple
Lakshmana Tirtham
This Temple by the tirtham has been built in the memory of Lord Lakshmana who holds a valuable place in the dynasty of Lord Rama. The temple has several carved pillars that depict various instances from Ramayana. There are also carved idols of Lord Rama and Goddess Sita in the temple that signify the enormous devotion of Lord Lakshmana towards Lord Rama and Goddess Sita.
The Tirtham is located by the temple, and can be reached through the Mandapam. Legend has it that Lord Lakshama installed a lingam and took a bath at this tirtham before offering prayers to Lord Shiva to atone for his past sins.
Electronic Moving Statue Museum
It is a very interesting museum with a cave like interior that exhibit great moments from the lives of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. The speciality of this museum is that it is non commercialised. A gem tucked away in a quiet corner, I would highly recommended to have this museum on your 3 day Madurai Rameshwaram Tour Itinerary.
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With a ticket price of just Rs.10, visit this museum and find various sculptures that illustrate legendary moments from satires Ramayana & Mahabharata. Be it the disrobing of Droupati, birth of Krishna in a prison cell, Krishna stealing and hiding clothes of his gopis, Hanuman & his Vaanar Sena building Ram Setu – Bridge of Rocks and many such incidents from these epics.
Also Read: A Visit to the Inspirational Adiyogi Shiva Statue in the Foothills of Velliangiri Mountains
Panchamukhi Hanuman Temple
Panchmukhi Hanuman Temple is a five-faced Hanuman temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman, and it is here that it is believed that hanuman revealed his five faces. Five faces being – Lord of Hanuman in the middle, along with faces of Lord Narasimha, Lord Adivaraha, Lord Garuda and Lord Hayagriva on the sides. At this temple you can also find rocks that float on water, and legends say that these rocks were used to build Ram Setu.
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Rama Tirtham
Rama Tirtham is believed to be the place where Lord Ram took rest on his way to Lanka. The temple has a chakra which has imprints of Lord Rama carved on really well. By the temple is a pond and some say, Lord Rama took bath in this pond.
Near the pond is this tree, which is believed to be the oldest tree in the whole of Rameshwaram and it is also believed that Aishwarya Rai married this tree to offset the evil influence of manglik dosh. You can either believe this, or here's the hot tip – how to sell a place! Anyways, this place is a must visit on your 3 day Madurai Rameswaram tour itinerary.
House of Kalam
A house located in the Mosque street where Dr. Kalam, India's most loved president lived and grew up is now a house converted into a museum run by Kalam's elder brother. The museum documents his illustrious life quite beautifully – right from Kalam's scholarly works to photographs, certificates, doctorates, honours and awards, putting on display his life right from his childhood days in the museum. If you are looking to buy souvenirs from Rameshwaram, a small shop at the ground floor is just the right place to buy handmade souvenirs and sea shells that are Rameshwaram's speciality.
Ram Setu & Dhanushkodi Beach
After our souvenir shopping, next, we headed to the Dhanushkodi. The driver stopped the vehicle about a kilometer from the dead end that lead to Dhanushkodi beach, as beyond that they didn't let vehicles pass. We walked ourselves to the beach, which is known as the last point of India. The most captivating aspect when you get here is that you will receive a text message from your service provider, that would read 'Welcome to Sri Lanka'. Interestingly, from the Dhanushkodi beach, Sri Lanka is just 18 nautical miles away. Yes, Just 18 nautical miles. Too close!
Now, what is Ram Setu? Ram Setu or Adam's bridge as it is popularly known, was a land bridge made with limestone shoals by Ram's Vanar Sena connecting India's Pamban Island to Sri Lanka's Mannar Island. It was through this bridge that Ram crossed over to Lanka to free Goddess Sita from the clutches of Ravan. Although the bridge is not visible now, some guides who take you around Rameshwaram insist that after a massive cyclone that stuck Rameshwaram back in 1964, this land bridge drowned a few feet down, and they say NASA with their satellites have confirmed the existence of such bridge. Well, why not visit this place on your 3 day Rameswaram itinerary and find out the truth for yourself?
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Ruined Church of Dhanushkodi
The cyclone that stuck Rameshwaram in 1964 destroyed this quaint town and now what remains are the crumbling relics of the buildings. Before the cyclone hit and washed away the entire town, there existed a railway station and a church by the shore, now their remnants survive, although are quite fascinating. Take a walk around the gutted remains of the church at this ghost town to only find plenty of souvenirs shops by this old church selling trinkets.
Kothandaramar Temple
The last stop for the day before we headed back to our hotel was at the Kothandaramar temple. It's a temple situated on an island that is surrounded by Bay of Bengal on one side and the Gulf of Munnar on the other. It is believed that the temple is a 1000 years old and when the cyclone stuck Rameshwaram, while everything else crumbled in Dhanushkodi, this temple survived.
Historically, this temple holds great importance as it is believed that Vibhishana, brother of the demon Ravana, had come here to meet Lord Rama to surrender himself. Story goes such that Vibhishana advised Ravana to free Goddess Sita and let her return home to Lord Rama. However Ravan refused to listen and considered Vibhishana as a deserter. It was then that Vibhishana had gone to Lord Rama to seek refuge. Vibhishana also later helped Lord Rama win the war and after defeating Ravana, Lord Rama crowned Vibhishana as the king of Lanka.
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Since we had covered most of must visit places in Rameshwaram on Day 1, we decided to include Madurai to our itinerary and visit the famous Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple. So we started early from our hotel and left for Madurai.
Pamban Bridge
On our way to Madurai, we stopped by the world famous Pamban bridge. An engineering marvel built over a 100 years ago, Pamban railway bridge is an awe-inspiring first ever sea bridge of India. We got there just in the nick of time to witness the beautiful spectacle of a train cross this stunning sea bridge that stands tall over the Chenab river. The joy that I experienced watching a train cross this stunning bridge is beyond words can express. I live for such small joys! The bridge also opens up to allow ferry movement, but we didn't quite get to watch that. But nevertheless that definitely calls for another visit.
We got to the temple before noon. Meenakshi Amman Temple is one of the oldest temples in India and is unarguably gorgeous. The temple holds a lot of mythological and historical significance as well. It is so beautiful that it was nominated as one of the seven one of the wonders of the world, although it didn't make it. It is believed that Lord Shiva assumed the form of Sundareswarar (the handsome one) and married Parvati (Meenakshi) here at this temple.
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Legend has it that, Meenakshi emerged out of the sacred fire as a three year old girl to a King named Malayadwaja Pandya and his wife Kanchanamalai. The royal couple has no children and they prayed to Lord Shiva for a son, but instead they were granted with a triple breasted girl. On expressing concern over the girl's physical appearance, a divine voice ordered them to not worry about the appearance and explained that the third breast will disappear as soon as she meets her future husband.
The King got relieved & crowned her as the successor and Meenakshi ruled the ancient Madurai & captured the nearby kingdoms as well. It is believed that she also captured Indralok and Kailash, abodes of Lord Indra and Lord Shiva. When she met Lord Shiva, her third breast disappeared and she realised that she had met her future husband. They returned to Madurai to get married. Lord Vishnu, Parvati's brother handed her over to Lord Shiva in a wedding ceremony. The wedding ceremony is celebrated every year even today during the 'Tirukalyanam Festival' which takes place over a period of 10 days at this temple attracting more than a million of devotees.
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Ariyaman Beach
On our way back to Rameshwaram from Madurai, we stopped by Ariyanam beach in the evening. A quiet beach tucked a little away from the city, the beach has calm and clear waters. You can go quite far into the sea and also enjoy a swim if you fancy. If you like beach-side snacks, you can also savour a few bhajjis while you just lay back and watch the waves as they crash against the shore.
Ramanathaswamy Temple
When in Rameshwaram, if you haven't visited the Ramanathaswamy temple, you haven't seen anything at all. One of the 12 Jyotirlingas of India and amongst the most prominent holiest sites of India, the Ramanathaswamy temple is one of the char dhams along with Badrinath, Puri and Dwarka and is an absolute architectural marvel. Legend has it that the sanctum sanctorum was built by Goddess Sita and was installed by Lord Rama.
The temple has wide corridors flanged with over 1212 pillars intricately carved that are sure to leave you spellbound. The other interesting feature of the temple is that the temple has 22 wells (also known as kunds) spread throughout its premises, and it is said that the water in each of these wells tastes entirely different and has curative properties. It is said that, one needs to take bath in these 22 kunds before taking darshan of Lord Shiva.
Ramanathaswamy temple is largely crowded most part of the day, and hence it is advisable to opt for Special darshan at an additional price for a quick tour. Be sure to be dressed in Indian wear before you head here. It is said that if you are destined to visit this temple, you will and if you are not, no matter for how long you are visiting Rameshwaram for, for some unforeseen reason, you will miss it and the irony of it will surprise you.
After your darshan, stop by a nearby restaurant for dinner and head back to your hotel and retire for the day.
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After a good night's rest, kickstart Day 3 of your 3 day Rameshwaram itinerary by heading to Agni Tirtham.
Agni Tirtham
It is believed that if you take bath in this tirtham, you can absolve yourself of all your sins. It is also a place where people bury the ashes of their departed. For childless couples they say, if the couple take a bath at Agni tirtham and then offer prayers to Ramanathaswamy, they would soon be blessed with a child.
But there is a story behind Agni Tirtham. After Lord Ram rescued Sita from Ravan's clutches, Ram tells Sita, I've rescued you from my enemy, done my duty and satisfied the demands of honour, while you may have been touched by Ravana, how can I know you are pure? Sita got angry and asked Lakshmana to put a funeral pyre.
Sita prays to Lord of fire " Protect me Agni for you know that I'm pure of heart and body". As she walks over the fire, the fire doesn't hurt her, instead it makes the Agni god appear before Rama and he says 'Sita is pure and sinless, you may take her to Ayodhya and rule your kingdom'.
For touching a pure and sinless woman, the fire god Agni committed a sin. He prays to Lord Shiva and takes a bath at this tirtham to absolve himself off the sin. Since then, this place is referred to as Agni Tirtham, a must visit on your 3 day Madurai Rameshwaram tour itinerary.
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Glass Boat Ride at Holy Island Water Sports/ Pamban Bridge
A glass boat ride is basically a boat with a glass bottom that lets you see the corals through the glass as you enjoy a boat ride in the sea. Find exotic fishes and amazing corals in these enigmatic boats with transparent bottoms as you traverse the clear waters of Rameshwaram and enjoy an experience that only Rameshwaram can treat you with.
Kayaking & Other Water Sports
At Holy Island Water Sports, you can enjoy a bunch of water sports. From jet ski, kayaking, bungee run, they have a good variety of options, but again all the water sports are subject to the tides. We experienced Kayaking for the first time in our lives, and it was the most incredible experience on our 3 day Madurai Rameshwaram tour itinerary. I would recommend it to everyone visiting Rameshwaram.
Well with that, our 3 day Rameshwaram trip came to an end. When we visited Rameshwaram, we did not go with a lot of expectations. If you are the kind who is just into laying by the private beaches of abnormally pricey hotels, Rameshwaram is not the place for you. But if you are someone who likes good story telling and has the slightest belief that instances of Ramayana may have truly happened at Rameshwaram, this trip will be a short film that will rise above your expectations with a climax that will not fail you. So, go Rameshwaram, and enjoy as you watch Ramayana play before your eyes!
Posted in: TravelTagged: 2 nights rameshwaram itinerary, itinerary for rameshwaram, madurai rameshwaram tour itinerary, places to visit in rameswaram, rameshwaram 2 days itinerary, rameshwaram itinerary, rameshwaram sightseeing itinerary, rameshwaram tour itinerary, rameshwaram trip itinerary, rameswaram, rameswaram 3 day itinerary, rameswaram itinerary, rameswaram travel, rameswaram trip, things to do in rameswaram
8 thoughts on "A Spiritual Madurai Rameshwaram Tour Itinerary For An Amazing History Lesson"
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Cedric Noronha says:
Very good post. Highly informative for travellers who want to visit Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu. Keep up the good work.
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Flora le Breton (of "La Poupee" fame) models the newest party notion - a wig made of silk. Flora is very pretty and poses nicely for the camera. The wig is an Emile creation. Very glamorous white silk wig with long plait at the back.


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Daily except Tuesday
Open on public holidays!
Deutsch Italiano
TRACEY EMIN | EGON SCHIELE
Where I Want to Go
24th April 2015 to 14th September 2015
Tracey Emin TALK im Leopold Museum
FOLDER Tracey Emin (pdf, 1712 kB)
The Leopold Museum will present the first comprehensive exhibition in Vienna featuring more than 80 works by the British artist Tracey Emin (born in 1963), a leading figure of the "Young British Artists". Tracey Emin, a superstar and enfant terrible of contemporary art, will engage in a fascinating artistic dialogue, as she will not only present her own works but will also incorporate a personal selection of drawings by Egon Schiele into the exhibition. This exploration of the Austrian Expressionist's oeuvre allows Tracey Emin to venture into unchartered territory with her art and to draw interesting parallels.
Tracey Emin's pictorial language is direct and trenchant. Her art is an art of exposure and her own biography provides her with an inexhaustible source of inspiration. Her titles form an integral part of her works and speak of unrequited love, suffering, longing and desire.
The exhibition at the Leopold Museum affords insights into the various techniques and materials used by Tracey Emin and features acrylic paintings, gouaches and videos, installations made from neon lamps, wood, metal and textiles as well as photographs and bronze sculptures.
In her candid and sometimes sharp-tongued oeuvre, which is shaped both by tragedy and humor, Tracey Emin lays bare her own hopes, humiliations, failures and successes.
The themes of provocation and sexuality repeatedly surface in Tracey Emin's work, as her oeuvre is firmly rooted in the tradition of feminist discourse.
Through her radical misuse of conventional handicraft techniques – typically regarded as »female work« – Emin's art reflects the feminist doctrine »the personal is political«.
Tracey Emin's interest in the masters of Modernism, and first and foremost in Egon Schiele, has an influence on her paintings, monotypes and drawings that is not to be underestimated. Using Expressionist elements and themes, her works address complex personal issues and concepts of self-portrayal. The juxtaposition of Tracey Emin's works with those of Egon Schiele exposes similarities in the artistic aspirations of both artists and allows for a new visual experience.
The exhibition features recent and entirely new works and installations by the artist which will at times enter into a dialogue with select drawings and written documents by Egon Schiele.
Tracey Emin was born in London in 1963 and studied at the Maidstone College of Art and the Royal College of Art in London. Her works have featured in numerous international exhibitions, including solo and group exhibitions in Holland, Germany, Japan, Australia and the US. In 1999 Tracey Emin's work "My Bed" (1998) was shown in the much-noticed Turner Prize exhibition at the Tate Gallery. In 2007 the artist was elected to be a member of the Royal Academy of Arts. That year she represented Great Britain in the Venice Biennale. In 2009 the Kunstmuseum Bern dedicated a large retrospective exhibition to her oeuvre. In 2011 Tracey Emin was the second woman to be appointed professor of drawing at the Royal Academy of Arts. That same year the artist showed her largest solo exhibition to date at the Hayward Gallery in London. Most recently, Emin presented a selection of her works at the renowned White Cube Gallery in London under the title "The Last Great Adventure is You". The artist lives and works in London.
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Biedermeier - Atmospheric Realism
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Q: REGEX Matcher not replacing backslah The function appendReplacement(StringBuffer sb, String replacement) in Matcher is ignoring escape characters with double backslash. I want to replace two lines into one line separated by \N as it is. Here's my code:
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\n"
                + "consectetur adipiscing elit\n"
                + "\n"
                + "sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut\n"
                + "labore et dolore magna aliqua\n";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("(.+)\n(.+)\n");
        Matcher m = p.matcher(str);
        while(m.find()) {
            String xyz = m.group(1) + "\\N" + m.group(2);
            System.out.println(xyz);
            m.appendReplacement(sb, xyz);
        }
        m.appendTail(sb);
        System.out.println("\n" + sb);
    }

}

OUTPUT:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\Nconsectetur adipiscing elit
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut\Nlabore et dolore magna aliqua
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,Nconsectetur adipiscing elit
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt utNlabore et dolore magna aliqua

A:
Note that backslashes () and dollar signs ($) in the replacement string may cause the results to be different than if it were being treated as a literal replacement string. Dollar signs may be treated as references to captured subsequences as described above, and backslashes are used to escape literal characters in the replacement string.

You are inserting \N in your xyzString object. The append function will replace backslashed characters with the replacement as if you put it in a String literal. Thus, to get a \N through the append function, you need to escape it twice: \\\\N