The Boeing 737 is a short to medium range, single aisle, narrow body jet airliner. Originally developed as a shorter, lower-cost twin-engine airliner derived from Boeing's 707 and 727, the 737 has nine variants with the -600, -700, -800 and -900 currently in production.
Originally envisioned in 1964, the 737 first flew in 1967, and entered airline service in February 1968. "The Boeing 737-100/200." Airliners.net, Demand Media, Inc. Retrieved: April 22, 2009. The 737 is Boeing's only single-aisle, narrow-body airliner currently in production, sometimes serving markets previously filled by 707, 727, 757, DC-9 and MD-80/90 airliners.
The 737 has been continuously manufactured by Boeing since 1967 with over 6,000 aircraft delivered and 2,000 orders yet to be fulfilled as of May 2009. "737 Model Orders and Deliveries data." Boeing, May 2009. Retrieved: April 8, 2009. The 737 series is the most-ordered and most-produced jet airliner in history as of April 2009. There are on average 1,250 737s airborne at any given time, with one departing or landing somewhere every five seconds on average.
Boeing had been studying short-haul jet aircraft designs and wanted to produce another aircraft to supplement the 727 on short and thin routes. Preliminary design work began on 11 May 1964, and Boeing's intense market research yielded plans for a 50 to 60 passenger airliner for routes long. Lufthansa became the launch customer on 19 February 1965, with an order for 22 aircraft, worth $67 million (1965, $190.28 million in 2008), after the airline reportedly received assurances from Boeing that the 737 project would not be cancelled. Consultation with Lufthansa over the previous winter resulted in an increase in capacity to 100 seats.
On April 5, 1965, Boeing announced an order by United Airlines for 40 737s. United wanted a slightly larger airplane than the original design; therefore, Boeing stretched the fuselage an extra ahead of, and behind the wing. The longer version was designated 737-200, with the original short body aircraft becoming the 737-100.
Detailed design work continued on both variants at the same time. Boeing was far behind its competitors when the 737 was launched, as rival aircraft BAC 1-11, Douglas DC-9, and Fokker F28 were already into flight certification. To expedite development, Boeing utilized 60% of the structure and systems of the existing 727, most notably the fuselage cross section. This fuselage permitted six-abreast seating compared to the rival 1-11 and DC-9's five-abreast layout, but the widened cross-section and short fuselage complicated the aerodynamics of the aft-mounted engines common with airliners of the time. As a result, engineers decided to mount the nacelles directly to the underside of the wings. The placement of this weight below the center of the aircraft also reduced stresses on the airframe, which allowed for a lighter wing, and kept the engines low to the ground for easy ramp operations. The engine chosen was the Pratt & Whitney JT8D-1 low-bypass ratio turbofan engine. With the wing-mounted engines, Boeing decided to mount the horizontal stabilizer on the fuselage rather than the T-tail style of the Boeing 727.
The initial assembly of the 737 was adjacent to Boeing Field (now officially called King County International Airport) because the factory in Renton was at capacity building the 707 and 727. After 271 aircraft, production was moved to Renton in late 1970. A significant portion of the fuselage assembly is in Wichita, Kansas previously by Boeing but now by Spirit AeroSystems, which purchased some of Boeing's assets in Wichita. The fuselage is joined with the wings and landing gear, then moves down the assembly line for the engines, avionics and interiors. After rolling out the aircraft, Boeing tests the systems and engines before its maiden flight to Boeing Field, where it is painted and fine tuned before delivery to the customer.
The first of six -100 prototypes rolled out in December 1966, and made its maiden flight on 9 April 1967 piloted by Brien Wygle and Lew Wallick. During nearly 1,300 hours of flight testing it was discovered that the aircraft produced excess drag at high speeds, which could buckle the rear wing spar at loads only 34% above normal. The aircraft were modified with reinforcements, but at a cost to the weight and short-field performance. On December 15, 1967 the Federal Aviation Administration certified the -100 for commercial flight, issuing Type Certificate A16WE. The 737 was the first aircraft to have, as part of its initial certification, approval for Category II approaches. Lufthansa received their first aircraft on December 28, 1967 and on February 10, 1968 became the first non-American airline to launch a new Boeing aircraft. Lufthansa was the only significant customer to purchase the 737-100 and only 30 aircraft were ever produced.
The 737-200 had its maiden flight on August 8, 1967. It was certified by the FAA on December 21, 1967, and the inaugural flight for United was on April 28, 1968 from Chicago to Grand Rapids, Michigan . The lengthened -200 was widely preferred over the -100 by airlines.
In 1968 an improvement to the thrust reversal system was introduced. The improvement became standard on all aircraft after March 1969, and a retrofit was provided for active aircraft. Boeing fixed the drag issue by introducing new longer nacelle/wing fairings, and improved the airflow over the flaps and slats. The production line also introduced an improvement to the flap system, allowing increased use during takeoff and landing. All these changes gave the aircraft a boost to payload and range, and improved the short-field performance. In May 1971, after aircraft #135, all improvements, including more powerful engines and a greater fuel capacity, were incorporated into the 737-200, giving it a 15% increase in payload and range over the original -200s. This became known as the 737-200 Advanced, which became the production standard in June 1971.
In 1970, Boeing received only 37 orders. Facing financial difficulties, Boeing considered closing the 737 production-line and selling the design to Japanese aviation companies. After the cancellation of the Boeing Supersonic Transport, and the scaling back of 747 production, enough funds were freed up to continue the project. In a bid to increase sales by offering a variety of options, Boeing offered a 737C (Convertible) model in both -100 and -200 lengths. This model featured a freight door just behind the cockpit, and a strengthened floor with rollers which allowed for palletized cargo. A 737QC (Quick Change) version with palletized seating allowed for faster configuration changes between cargo and passenger flights. With the improved short-field capabilities of the 737, Boeing offered the option on the -200 of the gravel kit, which enables this aircraft to operate on remote, unpaved runways. Until retiring its -200 fleet in 2007, Alaska Airlines used this option for some of its rural operations in Alaska . With the retirement of these aircraft, some airports, such as Red Dog Airport , have upgraded runway facilities from gravel to paved.
In 1988 the initial production run of the -200 model ended after producing 1,114 aircraft. The last one was delivered to Xiamen Airlines on August 8, 1988.
Development began in 1979 for the 737's first major facelift. Boeing wanted to increase capacity and range, incorporating improvements to upgrade the aircraft to modern specifications, while also retaining commonality with previous 737 variants. In 1980 preliminary aircraft specifications of the variant, dubbed 737-300, were released at the Farnborough Airshow.
The CFM56-3B-1 turbofan engine was chosen to power the aircraft, which yielded significant gains in fuel economy and a reduction in noise, but also posed an engineering challenge given the low ground clearance of the 737 and the larger diameter of the engine over the original Pratt and Whitney engines. Boeing and engine supplier CFMI solved the problem by placing the engine ahead of the wing, and by moving engine accessories to the sides of the engine pod, giving the engine a distinctive non-circular air intake.
The passenger capacity of the aircraft was increased to 149 by extending the fuselage around the wing by . The wing incorporated a number of changes for improved aerodynamics. The wing tip was extended , and the wing span by . The leading-edge slats and trailing-edge flaps were adjusted. The flight deck was improved with the optional EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrumentation System), and the passenger cabin incorporated improvements similar to those developed on the Boeing 757. The prototype -300, the 1,001st 737 built, first flew on 24 February 1984 with pilot Jim McRoberts. It and two production aircraft flew a nine month long certification program.
In June 1986 Boeing announced the development of the 737-400, which stretched the fuselage a further , increasing the passenger load to 170. The -400s first flight was on February 19, 1988 and, after a seven-month/500-hour flight testing run, entered service with Piedmont Airlines that October.
The -500 series was offered, due to customer demand, as a modern and direct replacement of the 737-200. It incorporated the improvements of the 737 Classic series; allowing longer routes with fewer passengers to be more economical than with the 737-300. The fuselage length of the -500 is longer than the 737-200, accommodating up to 132 passengers. Both glass and older style mechanical cockpits arrangements were available. Using the CFM56-3 engine also gave a 25% increase in fuel efficiency over the older -200s P&W engines.
The 737-500 was launched in 1987 by Southwest Airlines , with an order for 20 aircraft, and flew for the first time on June 30, 1989. A single prototype flew 375 hours for the certification process, and on February 28, 1990, Southwest Airlines received the first delivery. The 737-500 has become a favorite of some Russian airlines, with Aeroflot-Nord (now Nordavia), S7 Airlines, and Rossiya Airlines all buying second-hand models of the aircraft to replace aging Soviet -built aircraft.
After the introduction of the -600/700/800/900 series, the -300/400/500 series was called the 737 Classic series.
The price of jet fuel has skyrocketed in the past five years; airlines devote 40% of the retail price of an air ticket to pay for fuel in 2008, versus 15% in 2000. Consequently, carriers have begun to retire the Classic 737 series to reduce their fleet sizes; replacements consist of more efficient Next Generation 737s or Airbus A320/A319/A318 series aircraft. On June 4, 2008, United Airlines announced it would retire all 94 of its Classic 737 aircraft (64 737-300 and 30 737-500 aircraft), replacing them with Airbus A320 jets taken from its Ted subsidiary, which has been shut down.
Prompted by the modern Airbus A320, Boeing initiated development of an updated series of aircraft in 1991. After working with potential customers, the 737 Next Generation (NG) program was announced on November 17, 1993. The 737NG encompasses the -600, -700, -800 and -900, and is to date the most significant upgrade of the airframe. The performance of the 737NG is essentially that of a new aircraft, but important commonality is retained from previous 737 models. The wing was modified, increasing its area by 25% and span by , which increased the total fuel capacity by 30%. New, quieter, more fuel-efficient CFM56-7B engines were used. All three improvements combined increase the 737's range by 900 NM, now permitting transcontinental service. A flight test program was operated by 10 aircraft; 3 -600s, 4 -700s, and 3 -800s.
The first NG to roll out was a -700, on December 8, 1996. This aircraft, the 2,843rd 737 built, first flew on February 9, 1997. The prototype -800 rolled out on June 30, 1997 and first flew on July 31, 1997. The smallest of the new variants, the -600s, is the same size as the -500. It was the last in this series to launch, in December 1997. First flying January 22, 1998, it was given certification on August 18, 1998.
In 2004, Boeing offered a Short Field Performance package in response to the needs of Gol Transportes Aéreos, which frequently operates from restricted airports. The enhancements improve takeoff and landing performance. The optional package is available for the 737NG models and standard equipment for the 737-900ER.
Boeing has already hinted that a "clean sheet" replacement for the 737 (internally dubbed "Boeing Y1") could follow the Boeing 787.
Engines on the 737 Classic series (300, 400, 500) and Next-Generation series (600, 700, 800, 900) appear not to have circular inlets, as most aircraft do. The accessory gearbox was moved from the 6 o'clock position under the engine to the 4 o'clock position (forward looking aft). This was done because the 737 sits lower to the ground than most airliners and the original 737s were designed for small P&W engines, but additional ground clearance was needed for the larger CFM56 engines. This side-mounted gearbox gives the engine a somewhat triangular rounded shape. Because the engine is close to the ground, 737-300s and later are more prone to engine foreign-object damage (FOD).
737s are not equipped with fuel dump systems. Depending upon the nature of the emergency, 737s either circle to burn off fuel or land overweight. To save weight and reduce cost and complexity the 737 lacks full doors to cover the main landing gear. The main landing gear (under the wings at mid-cabin) rotate into wells in the aircraft's belly, the legs being covered by partial doors, and "brush-like" seals aerodynamically smooth (or "fair") the wheels in the wells. The sides of the tires are exposed to the air in flight. "Hub caps" complete the aerodynamic profile of the wheels. It is forbidden to operate without the caps, because they are linked to the ground speed sensor that interfaces with the anti-skid brake system. When observing a 737 takeoff, or at low altitude, the dark circles of the tires can be plainly seen.
The primary flight controls are intrinsically safe. In the event of total hydraulic system failure or double engine failure, they will automatically and seamlessly revert to control via servo tab. The 737 is the only modern passenger aircraft this size or larger that can operate completely without hydraulics.
Most 737 cockpits are equipped with "eyebrow windows" positioned above the main glareshield. Eyebrow windows were a feature of the original 707. They allowed for greater visibility in turns, and offered better sky views if navigating by stars. With modern avionics, they became redundant, and many pilots actually placed newspapers or other objects in them to block out sun glare. They were eliminated from the 737 cockpit design in 2004, although they are still installed in military variants and at customer request. These windows are sometimes removed and plugged, usually during maintenance overhauls and can be distinguished by a metal plug which differs from smooth metal which appears in later aircraft that were not originally fitted with the windows.
Blended winglet are available as retrofits and in production on newer 737 aircraft. These winglets stand approximately tall and are installed at the wing tips. They help with reduced fuel burn (by reducing vortex drag), reduced engine wear, and less noise on takeoff.
A short-field design package is available for the 737-600, -700 and -800, allowing operators to fly increased payload to and from airports with runways under . The package consists of sealed leading edge slats (improved lift), a two-position tail skid (enabling reduced approach speeds) and increased flight spoiler deflection on the ground. These improvements are standard on the 737-900ER.
The initial model was the 737-100. It was launched by Lufthansa in 1965. The -100 was rolled out on January 17, 1967 and entered service in 1968. The aircraft is the smallest variant of the 737. Only 30 737-100s were ordered and delivered, and no 737-100s remain in service today. The original Boeing prototype, last operated by NASA , retired more than 30 years after its maiden flight, and is on exhibit in the Museum of Flight in Seattle.
The 737-200 is a 737-100 with an extended fuselage. It was launched by United Airlines in 1965. The -200 was rolled out on June 29, 1967 and entered service in 1968. The 737-200 Advanced is an improved version of the -200, introduced by All Nippon Airways on May 20, 1971. The aircraft has improved aerodynamics, automatic wheel brakes, more powerful engines, more fuel capacity and longer range than the -200. Boeing also provided the 737-200C (Convertible), that allowed conversion between passenger and cargo use and the 737-200QC (Quick Change), facilitating rapid conversion between roles. The last delivery of a -200 series aircraft was in August 1988. A large number of 737-200s are still in service, mostly with "second tier" airlines and those of developing nations. They are being phased out because of poor fuel efficiency, high noise emissions (despite the vast majority having had their JT8Ds fitted with hush kits) and escalating maintenance costs. Some regions have gone as far as to ban them. This airliner is able to operate on gravel runways with a gravelkit installed. Gravel kitted 737-200 Combis are currently used by Canadian North, First Air in northern Canada, and Cayman Airways. For many years, Alaska Airlines, also made use of them.
Nineteen 737-200s were converted to be used to train aircraft navigators for the U.S. Air Force, designated T-43. Some were modified into CT-43s which are used to transport passengers and one was modified as the NT-43A Radar Test Bed. The first one was delivered on July 31, 1973 and the last on July 19, 1974. The Indonesian Air Force ordered three modified 737-200s, designated Boeing 737-2x9 Surveiller. They were used as Maritime reconnaissance (MPA)/transport aircraft, fitted with SLAMMAR (Side-looking Multi-mission Airborne Radar). The aircraft were delivered between May 1982 and October 1983.
After 40 years, the final 737-200 aircraft in the United States flying scheduled passenger service were phased out on March 31, 2008 with the last flights of Aloha Airlines (Aloha continues to fly its interisland cargo flights). The aircraft had been eliminated from regular service in the continental United States in 2006, when Delta Air Lines withdrew the type.
The new 737 Classic series featured CFM56 turbofan engines, which yielded significant gains in fuel economy and a reduction in noise, but also posed an engineering challenge given the low ground clearance of the 737. Boeing and engine supplier CFMI solved the problem by placing the engine ahead of (rather than below) the wing, and by moving engine accessories to the sides (rather than the bottom) of the engine pod, giving the 737 a distinctive non-circular air intake. The wing incorporated a number of changes for improved aerodynamics.
The 737-300 was launched in 1981 by both USAir and Southwest Airlines becoming the first model of the 737 Classic series. The aircraft has a typical capacity of 128 passengers in a two class configuration (137 seats in a one class coach seating configuration). The 300 series remained in production until 1999 when the last aircraft was delivered to Air New Zealand on December 17, 1999.
Various modifications have been made to aircraft previously in service. The 737-300 can be retrofitted with Aviation Partners Boeing winglets. The 737-300 retrofitted with winglets is designated the -300SP (special performance). Used passenger -300 aircraft have also been converted to freighter versions. The Lockheed Martin CATBird is a modified 737-300 with the nose of a Lockheed F-35 Lightning II, a pair of canards, and (inside) an F-35 cockpit; to be used to flight test the F-35's complete avionics suite.
In December 2008, Southwest Airlines selected Boeing to retrofit its 737-300s with new avionics, in order to improve commonality with its 737-700s, as well as to support the Required Navigation Performance initiative.
The 737-400 was launched in 1985 as a stretched 737-300, primarily for use by charter airlines. Piedmont Airlines was the launch customer with an order for 25 aircraft in 1986. The first 400 entered service in 1988 with Piedmont. The last delivery of the -400 occurred on February 25, 2000 to CSA Czech Airlines.
The 737-400F was not a model delivered by Boeing but a converted 737-400 to an all cargo aircraft. Alaska Airlines was the first to convert one of its 400s from regular service to an aircraft with the ability to handle 10 pallets. The airline has also converted five more into fixed combi aircraft for half passenger and freight. These 737-400 Combi aircraft are now in service.
The 737-500 was launched in 1987 by Southwest Airlines and entered service in 1990. The fuselage length of the 737-500 is similar to the 737-200 while incorporating the improvements of the 737 Classic series. It offered a modern and direct replacement of the 737-200, while also allowing longer routes with fewer passengers to be more economical than with the 737-300. The last -500 was delivered to All Nippon Airlines on July 26, 1999.
By the early 1990s, it became clear that the new Airbus A320 was a serious threat to Boeing's market share, as Airbus won previously loyal 737 customers such as Lufthansa and United Airlines. In November 1993, Boeing's board of directors authorized the Next Generation program to replace the 737 Classic series. The -600, -700, and -800 series were planned. After engineering trade studies and discussions with major 737 customers, Boeing proceeded to launch the 737 Next Generation series.
Intercontinental range of over .
Passenger cabin improvements similar to those on the Boeing 777, featuring more curved surfaces and larger overhead bins than previous generation 737s. The Next Generation 737 interior was also adopted on the Boeing 757-300.
(As of July 2008) Carbon brakes manufactured by Messier-Bugatti. These new brakes, now certified by the Federal Aviation Administration, weigh less than the steel brakes normally fitted to the Next-Gen 737s (weight savings depend on whether standard or high-capacity brakes are fitted). A weight reduction of 700 pounds on a Boeing 737-800 results in 0.5% reduction in fuel burn.
Boeing delivered the 5,000th 737 to Southwest Airlines on February 13, 2006.Boeing delivered the 6,000th 737 to Norwegian Air Shuttle in April 2009.
The 737-600 replaced the 737-500 in Boeing's line up, and was also intended to replace airlines' DC-9s. The 737-600 was launched by Scandinavian Airlines System in 1995 with the first aircraft delivered on September 18, 1998. The -600 is the only Boeing 737 still in production that does not include winglets as an option. WestJet was to be the Boeing launch customer for the 737-600 with winglets, but announced in their Q2 2006 results that they were not going to move ahead with those plans.
The 737-600 competes with the Airbus A318, Embraer 195, and the upcoming Bombardier CSeries jet. A total of 69 -600s have been delivered with no unfilled orders as of 2009.
The 737-700 was the first of Next Generation series when launch customer Southwest Airlines ordered the variant in November 1993. The variant was based on the 737-300 and entered service in 1998. It replaced the 737-300 in Boeing's lineup, and its direct competitor is the A319. It typically seats 132 passengers in a two class cabin or 149 in all economy configuration.
The 737-700C is a convertible version where the seats can be removed from the aircraft to carry cargo. There is a large door on the left side of the aircraft. The US Navy was the launch customer for the 737-700C.
Boeing launched the 737-700ER on 31 January 2006. All Nippon Airways is the launch customer, with the first one delivered on February 16, 2007. The 737-700ER is a mainline passenger version of the BBJ1 and 737-700IGW. It combines the 737-700 fuselage with the wings and landing gear of a 737-800. It will offer a range of 5,510 nautical miles (10,205 kilometers), with seating for 126 passengers in a traditional 2-class configuration. A competitor to this model would be the A319LR. The 700ER has the longest range for a 737.
At the end of July 2008, Delta Air Lines took delivery of the first of 10 -700 model aircraft fitted with Messier-Bugatti's carbon brakes.
All Nippon Airways, Japan's second-biggest carrier, is to pioneer the model in Asia with a daily service between Tokyo and Mumbai. ANA's service, believed to be the first all-business class route connecting to a developing country, was to start in September 2007 and use a Boeing 737-700ER outfitted with 36 seats and an extra fuel tank.
The C-40A Clipper is a 737-700C used by the U.S. Navy as a replacement for the C-9B Skytrain II. The C-40B and C-40C are used by the US Air Force for transport of Generals and other senior leaders. The Boeing 737 AEW&C is a 737-700IGW roughly similar to the 737-700ER. This is an Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) version of the 737NG. Australia is the first customer (as Project Wedgetail), followed by Turkey and South Korea .
The 737-800 is a stretched version of the 737-700, and replaces the 737-400. It also filled the gap left by Boeing's discontinuation of the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 after Boeing's merger with McDonnell Douglas. The -800 was launched by Hapag-Lloyd Flug (now TUIfly) in 1994 and entered service in 1998. The 737-800 seats 162 passengers in a two class layout, or 189 in one class, and competes with the A320. For many airlines in the U.S., the 737-800 replaced aging Boeing 727-200 trijets and MD-80 series and MD-90 aircraft.
The P-8 Poseidon is a 737-800ERX ("Extended Range") that, on June 14, 2004, Boeing's Integrated Defense Systems division beat Lockheed Martin in the contest to replace the P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft. Eventual orders may exceed 100 from the US Navy. The P-8 is unique in that it has 767-400ER-style raked wingtips, instead of the blended winglets available on other 737NG variants.
Boeing later introduced the 737-900, the longest and most powerful variant to date. Alaska Airlines launched the 737-900 in 1997 and accepted delivery on May 15, 2001. Because the -900 retains the same exit configuration of the -800, seating capacity is limited to 177 seats in two classes, or 189 in a single-class layout. The 737-900 also retains the MTOW and fuel capacity of the -800, trading range for payload. These shortcomings until recently prevented the 737-900 from effectively competing with the Airbus A321.
The 737-900ER is now the standard 737-900 model offered by Boeing. The 737-900 non-ER model has been discontinued in favor of the -900ER.
Plans for a business jet version of the 737 are not new. In the late 1980s, Boeing marketed the 77-33 jet, a business jet version of the 737-300. The name was short-lived. After the introduction of the next generation series, Boeing introduced the Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) series. The BBJ1 was similar in dimensions to the 737-700 but had additional features, including stronger wings and landing gear from the 737-800, and has increased range (through the use of extra fuel tanks) over the other 737 models. The first BBJ rolled out on 11 August 1998 and flew for the first time on September 4.
On October 11, 1999 Boeing launched the BBJ2. Based on the 737-800, it is longer than the BBJ, with 25% more cabin space and twice the baggage space, but has slightly reduced range. It is also fitted with auxiliary belly fuel tanks and winglets. The first BBJ2 was delivered on 28 February 2001.
Boeing's BBJ3 is based on the 737-900ER. The BBJ3 has of floor space, 35% more interior space and 89% more luggage space than the BBJ2. It has an auxiliary fuel system, giving it a range of up to , and a Head-up display. Boeing completed the first example in August, 2008. This aircraft's cabin is pressurized to a simulated altitude.
The 737 is operated by more than 500 airlines, flying to 1,200 destinations in 190 countries. With over 8,000 aircraft ordered, over 6,000 delivered, and over 4,500 still in service, at any given time there are on average 1,250 airborne worldwide. On average, somewhere in the world, a 737 takes off or lands every five seconds. Since entering service in 1968, the 737 has carried over 12 billion passengers over 120 billion km (65 billion nm), and has accumulated more than 296 million hours in the air. The 737 represents more than 25% of the worldwide fleet of large commercial jet airliners.
Many countries operate the 737 passenger and cargo variants in government or military applications.
Aloha Airlines Flight 243 at Kahului Airport, after its fuselage was ripped apart during flight.
As of June 2009, a total of 295 incidents involving 737s had occurred, including 144 hull-loss accidents resulting in a total of 3,847 fatalities. The 737 has also been in 104 hijacking involving 324 fatalities.
January 13, 1982: Air Florida Flight 90 , a 737-200 crashed in a severe snowstorm, immediately after takeoff from Washington National Airport , hitting the 14th Street Bridge and falling into the ice-covered Potomac River in Washington, D.C. . All but five of the 74 passengers and five crew members died; four motorists on the bridge were killed as well.
August 22, 1985: British Airtours Flight 28M, a 737-200, caught on fire after a rejected take-off at Manchester Airport , UK, after a crack in one of the combustors of the left Pratt & Whitney JT8D-15 engine. 56 of the 136 passengers and crew died, most due to toxic smoke inhalation. Research following the flight led to many innovations in air safety, including a redesign of the 737's galley area.
April 28, 1988: Aloha Airlines Flight 243 , a 737-200, suffered extensive damage after an explosive decompression at , but was able to land safely at Kahului Airport on Maui with only one fatality. Flight attendant C.B. Lansing, who was not in restraints at the moment of decompression, was blown out of the aircraft over the ocean and was never found.
March 3, 1991: United Airlines Flight 585 , a 737-200 carrying 20 passengers and five crew members, lost control after a rudder malfunction and crashed outside of Colorado Springs Municipal Airport, killing everyone on board.
April 19, 2000: Air Philippines Flight 541, a Boeing 737-200 crashed near Francisco Bangoy International Airport , Davao City , killing 131 people.
October 29, 2006: ADC Airlines Flight 53, a 737-200 crashed during a storm shortly after takeoff from Abuja , Nigeria . All but seven of the 104 passengers and crew are reported to have been killed.
August 24, 2008: Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 6895 , a 737-200 crashed while attempting emergency landing on return 10 minutes after departure. The airliner was flying from Bishkek , Kyrgyzstan to Tehran . Out of 83 passengers and seven crew, there were 22 survivors.
For other 737 variants see Boeing 737 Classic incidents and Boeing 737 Next Generation incidents.
Data through end of August 2009.
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Sharpe and Shaw 2001, p. 57.
Sharpe and Shaw 2001, p. 35.
Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989. ISBN 0-87021-037-8.
Redding, Robert and Bill Yenne. Boeing: Planemaker to the World. Berkeley, California: Thunder Bay Press, 1997. ISBN 1-57145-045-9.
Sharpe, Michael and Robbie Shaw. Boeing 737-100 and 200. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-0991-4.
Shaw, Robbie. Boeing Jetliners. London, England: Osprey, 1995. ISBN 1-8553-2528-4.
Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 737-300 to 800. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0699-0.
Sutter, Joe. 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2006. ISBN 0-06-088241-9.


Insights from behavioral science and social sciences have never been as popular in designing policy measures as currently. The Behavioural Insights Team in the United Kingdom and the World Bank are just two examples for the transfer of behavioral insights to different policy areas.
How this transfer works successfully, what to consider and which challenges to expect were the topics at a panel discussion with ConPolicy director Prof Dr Christian Thorun at the Summer Institute on Bounded Rationality at the Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development in Berlin. Prof Dr Mandeep Dhami (Middlesex University London) and Dr Malte Petersen (Simply Rational) were also ready to take the junior scientists' questions in the panel chaired by Prof Dr Ralph Hertwig (MPI).


Sidai Design, founded in 2011 by Eszter Rabin, is an organization that supports Maasai women in northern Tanzania creating beautiful traditional beaded jewellery.
The Sidai Designs Wide Geometric Warrior Bracelet in White and Gold is a glass beaded flexible cuff with recycled plastic boning, woven together with recycled thread. Soft leather lace closure with adjustable recycled aluminium bead fastening.


A decade of glamour and fun. You can decide which style suits you best … a circular skirt with big net petticoat and wide belt, or a glamorous evening dress with long gloves and stole.
We have characters from iconic films set in the period, with all the accessories you need – from pearl necklaces to poodle socks.


until tonight i was telling them it was an honest mistake... until i watched a half dozen of my own posts either deleted or edited to the point they were completely unrecognizable to me. as a result i have removed everyone i don't personally know from the leaders and admin groups off site and i've seriously restricted permissions for those remaining.
to who ever has been abusing your mod power in game. don't bother deleting this, i'm repeating it off site, and to all of my friends in-game. via a private message.
remember i know how to format and send targeted group CMs in game with out the in game tools. My lists are already properly formatted and saved in docs on my desktop. it's just a matter of copying and pasting into the send box.


Evening Monte Carlo as a count of fairies, with all its lights and glamor. Opposite the Casino the most expensive cars in the world love to be admired and it is not uncommon to come across footballers or known singers who enter or leave the Casino. After a walk through the streets of the city, you can drink on the terrace of the famous Café de Paris or why not go play some pieces on the many slot machines Casino.


Find out how these stocks did well on a lackluster day on Wall Street.
Thursday was a relatively quiet day on Wall Street, with major benchmarks generally giving up modest amounts of ground after strong performance earlier in the week. The Federal Reserve issued its latest comments on monetary policy during the afternoon, choosing to leave interest rates unchanged, as expected, but setting the stage for a potential rate increase in December. Uncertainty about the trajectory of the U.S. economy in 2019 and beyond, along with political wrangling following the midterm elections, left some investors nervous. But a few companies had good news that sent their stocks sharply higher. Crocs (NASDAQ:CROX), TripAdvisor (NASDAQ:TRIP), and Scientific Games (NASDAQ:SGMS) were among the best performers on the day. Here's why they did so well.
Shares of Crocs soared almost 28% after the footwear specialist announced strong third-quarter financial results. Revenue rose 7%, and Crocs reversed a year-earlier loss with a solid profit for the period. CEO Andrew Rees was especially pleased with margin improvement in conjunction with strengthening of its core brands, and the company also boosted its guidance for the remainder of the year. With early optimism about the prospects for continued growth in 2019 as well, Crocs believes that it can navigate a transition toward a greater emphasis on e-commerce to produce long-term success for the company. Many investors haven't noticed, but Crocs stock has been on a major run lately, and its shareholders are the big winners.
TripAdvisor stock climbed 15% after the online travel website's third-quarter financial results gave investors reason to celebrate. Despite somewhat lackluster revenue growth, TripAdvisor saw its adjusted net income more than double from year-earlier levels, with success in generating display-based advertising and subscription revenue combining with smarter cost management. The company does see its hotel-based business continuing to face headwinds, but other areas of emphasis are showing a lot of promise. After going through several years of underperformance, TripAdvisor looks like it's finally on the mend and taking advantage of growth in the travel industry.
Will Scientific Games get a big win?
Finally, shares of Scientific Games rocketed 25% higher. The maker of slot machines and other gambling equipment and systems said that revenue rose by 7% during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the previous year's quarter, and after adjusting for various restructuring and litigation-related charges, bottom-line results were promising as well. Scientific Games also whetted investors' appetites by saying that it might do an initial public offering of its fast-growing social gaming business subsidiary, which would serve the dual purpose of helping the parent pay down debt while letting the social gaming division pursue its own growth initiatives. Shareholders liked that idea, and it'll be interesting to see if Scientific Games follows through.


At Architectural Ceramics, we have wood-look porcelain tiles that you won't want to pass up. Our Wood Replica Collection has long been a fan favorite among designers and homeowners alike. With trade shows, like the upcoming Coverings 2019: The Global Tile & Stone Experience, we're always looking to recruit new tile collections to round out our roster.
Which of our final four wood-look porcelain tile collection picks wins you over?
Here are our final four wood-look porcelain tile collection picks. If these tiles don't win you over, you're sure to find your personal favorite by using our website filter: Wood-Look Porcelain Products.
For centuries, basketball courts like the ones collegiate leagues play on, have been made of hardwood. Maple is often used because it's a high-density wood whose fine fibers resist splintering.
With our Century Wood Collection, a century-old, wood inlay look is possible because of new-age high-definition printing techniques.
AC's Century Wood Collection, shown in the Tangram pattern and Tinto color.
In the kitchen renovation shown above, our Century Wood Collection was used. The modern and large format 32″x32″ field tile, is still in keeping with the kitchen's overall old-world aesthetic, because of the Tangram pattern's wood inlay look. The range of warm and cool grey tones from the color Tinto, is in keeping with today's home furnishings trend.
If our in-stock, inlay wood-look tiles don't cut it for you, check out the collection's special order plank sizes instead, available in 6″x48″, 8″x47″ and 8″x71″. For other color options, view the Century Wood Collection on AC's website, or download a Data Sheet here.
Each game, two opposing college basketball teams play for the win. By using our Enigma Legno Collection, featuring either a natural or quarter-sawn wood-look finish, you're sure have a winning design.
AC's Enigma Legno Collection, featuring the plank field in the color Rovere.
In addition to our in-stock plank field size, smaller 4″x12″ planks are available, as well as 8″x20″ arrow-shaped tiles, and 8″x30″ mix and match tiles that pull together two color options from the collection. Shown above, is the color Rovere, in each field size option. In the mix and match field, Rovere is paired with the darkest color from the collection, Noce.
To view the complete Enigma Legno Collection, visit our website or download a Data Sheet here.
We wonder what the 9th seed, Washington Huskies would think about our Seattle Collection. Just like the Huskie's modern and trendy hometown for which the collection is named, at Architectural Ceramics we think that this wood-look porcelain is on point with its four color options: Light Grey, Dark Grey, Taupe, and White.
AC's Seattle Collection featuring plank-style field tile in the color Light Grey.
Tried and true, our Wood Replica Collection has long been an MVP for us at Architectural Ceramics. We believe what you'll find most valuable about this collection, is it's durability and adaptability to work well in any residential or commercial design setting.
AC's Wood Replica Collection, shown in the color Grey Pepper.
The Wood Replica Collection features two plank-style field sizes, as well as a coordinating mosaic. The 6″x36″ plank-style field tile is in-stock with AC, while the larger 9″x36″ plank and the mosaic are available through special order.
The collection's color options, shown above, emulate the look and texture of hardwoods like: spruce, oak, chestnut, and walnut. From the lightest color White Smoke, to the darkest color Brown Flax, this faux-wood porcelain can easily be used to achieve a seaside style or rustic farmhouse feel.
To view the mosaic, in addition to the plank-style field tiles shown above, visit the Wood Replica Collection product page of our website, or download a Data Sheet here.
Texas Tech versus Michigan State, and Virginia versus Auburn. The final teams for the last four games are set. Time will tell who wins it all. Which of our final four wood-look porcelain tile collections featured here won you over? Is it Wood Replica that stands the test of time, or Century Wood that pays homage to time-old tradition? Either way, let us help you in one of our showrooms today!


I was browsing Amazon earlier, looking for books to recommend to a friend who may be interested in getting into Linux. I thought other people might find this handy, too, so here they are. It is a very short list. There are literally dozens of other books on specific subjects that I would also recommend (the O'Reilly Apache book, a few Perl books, and so on), but this is a start. These are more or less in order of increasing complexity.
Little did we know that Darth Vader is a a blues man.
Free Press and Public Knowledge filed a complaint with the FCC about Comcast's squeezing of BitTorrent and other apps the cable company deemed to be too much of a strain on its network.
Comcast, you may recall, was playing a little game whereby it delayed outbound traffic by impersonating users and sending reset commands.
The groups want Comcast to pay $195,000 per affected user.
I agree with these groups in principle, but $195,000 seems a little steep. Refunding the cost of my high-speed Internet service during the affected period seems a fairer punishment.
I think I may have found a worthwhile replacement for my venerable Palm Tungsten T5.
Update: Here is some more information on the Nokia n810.
In case you needed more reasons to hate the media robber barons, the Digital Rights Mafia, and their government shills, here's an article from Crave.
wonderful friends who are NRA members.
which the NRA staff will bitterly regret.
vote or debate in committee?
heels — in an almost "because-we-say-so" attitude.
"victory" with a push for an effective ban on gun shows.
staff for its purposes, it will throw them away like a used Kleenex.
LAW is that funds for the system have been blocked by Chuck Schumer.
McCarthy/Leahy/Schumer gun control, rather than supporting it.
letter and pass it on to your friends and colleagues.
It would appear that the idea of secession from the Union is experiencing something of a rebirth.
And well it should. The Union won the war to prevent states from seceding, but might does not make right. The U.S. Constitution does not explicitly prohibit secession by the states: it is, therefore, completely legal, regardless of who won the American Civil War.
A fun look at the cruise ship of tomorrow!


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Southern California demonstrators rally for abortion rights on Roe ruling anniversary
Hundreds gathered at Victory Park in Long Beach — many clad in pink and carrying signs supporting the right to legal abortions — on Sunday, Jan. 22, 50 years to the day after the original Roe v. Wade ruling and seven months after the Supreme Court's current iteration reversed course, returning abortion rights to the states.
Similar events were planned in other Southern California communities, including rallies in Claremont, Riverside and Huntington Beach, as well as a live-music fundraiser and a documentary screening in the Los Angeles area.
Nationwide, Sunday's main march was held in Wisconsin, where upcoming elections could determine the state Supreme Court's power balance and future abortion rights. Rallies took place in dozens of other cities, including Florida's state capital of Tallahassee, where Vice President Kamala Harris spoke out for the right to legal abortions.
In Long Beach, which appeared to be the largest of the Southern California rallies, demonstrators marched down Ocean Boulevard and up Magnolia Avenue to the steps of the Gov. George Deukmejian Courthouse to rally and hear speeches by activists and public officials, in an event organized by LB/OC Women Rising.
"We are here to show our support — not only for women here but to support women all over the country," said Jessica Porter, 17, who, along with her cousin, made her way from Orange County to participate in the rally toting homemade signs.
"I think it's very important that we continue to march," Porter added.
No signs of counter-protesters could be seen at the Long Beach rally.
A large group gathered at Victory Park for a rally to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Amanda May of Huntington Beach joined the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Congressional candidate for CA 47 Dom Jones dances with fellow women rights supporters at a rally to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Abby Thomas joins the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Noelle, 2, joins her family and women rights supporters at a rally to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Downtown Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
A large group marched down Ocean Blvd in Downtown to protest for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
A large group showed up with signs at the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Women???s right supporters march down Ocean Blvd. to voice their concerns about their rights being taken away and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Kids joined the rally to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Carmen Flores addresses the crowd at the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Congressional candidate for CA 47 Dom Jones addresses the crowd at the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
A group holds signs for cars to honk for support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
A large group marched down Ocean Blvd. to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Many supporters showed up with signs at the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Gloria Allred leads the march down Ocean Blvd. along with fellow supporters for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
A family joins the march down Ocean Blvd. to protest for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Women with signs gathered at the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Zoe Nicholson addresses the crowd at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Women showed up with signs of protest at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
A large crowd showed up with signs at the rally for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Long Beach Mayor Rex Richardson addresses the crowd at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Melissa Mills, daughter of Jane Roe, addresses the crowd at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Katie Porter spoke to the crowd gathered at the courthouse fighting for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Congressman Robert Garcia addresses the crowd at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Katie Porter addresses the crowd at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Chantelle Piper leads the crowd in a chant for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Gloria Allred addresses the crowd at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Signs wave in front of the Long Beach courthouse from a crowd standing up for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
A group of young women listen to the powerful speeches at the Long Beach Courthouse to show support for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
LBCCD Trustee Sunny Zia spoke to the crowd gathered at the courthouse fighting for womens rights and to mark the 50th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade ruling which said women had the constitutional right to an abortion in Long Beach, CA, on Sunday, January 22, 2023. (Photo by Tracey Roman, Contributing Photographer)
Chants including "My body, my choice," and "Come on, come on join the fight, abortion is a human right," were shouted while cars honked in solidarity.
"It's really hard to forget what the last year brought to light in this country and across the world," Lisa Del Sesto, spokesperson for LB/OC Women Rising, said at the rally, "here in America people that can become pregnant got their rights taken away from them."
"This is our time to rise up to these injustices," Del Sesto said as the crowd cheered on the steps of the courthouse.
Last year, the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization returned decisions on abortion rights to the states, many of which quickly enacted restrictive laws. California voters, though, overwhelmingly approved a state constitutional amendment guaranteeing a right to reproductive freedom during the Nov. 8 election.
Maliha Williamson addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Alan Vargas addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Christel Reyna addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Dr. Angelo Farooq addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Christel Reyna tells her story to the audience, which is reflected on her glasses, at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Maya Rodriguez addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Joshua Speiginer addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
An attendant wears a support t-shirt at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Christel Reyna applauds as her son Joshua Speiginer addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Mickey Donovan-Kaloust carries a sign at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Clarissa Cervantes addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
10 years-old Cecilia Chavez tells her experience to the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Katie Wehus addresses the audience at the "Bigger than Roe" Rally outside Riverside City Hall on Sunday Jan. 22, 2023. (Photo by Milka Soko, Contributing Photographer)
Sarah Hegan, 32, from Long Beach, started to get engaged in such protests when "I was online and signing petitions and supporting donations that needed help." She learned about Sunday's rally just hours before and decided to attend.
Hegan said that she marched because "it is important to continue bringing attention to Roe v. Wade."
Speakers included attorney Gloria Allred, Rep. Katie Porter, Rep. Robert Garcia, Long Beach Mayor Rex Richardson, Vice Mayor Cindy Allen and state Assemblymember Josh Lowenthal. Activists Zoe Nicholson, Carmen Flores and Aailyah Ann Daniels also spoke.
"I think the rally was much bigger than (LB/OC Women Rising) thought it was going to be," said Abby Thomas, a volunteer with the organization.
"I'm happy people came out because although we did ensure abortion rights here in California it's really important that we fight for everyone else in the country as well," she said, "and continue because it can affect us."
The Associated Press contributed to this report
This article was originally published by Dailynews.com. Read the original article here.
Royal Mail owner puts cost of strikes at £200m
Novelist Paul La Farge Dies
Fear of unrest in Memphis as 'sickening' bodycam footage of violent traffic stop set to be released

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tell us about any claims, accidents or losses that you, or any of the proposed drivers have been involved in the last 5 years. We need to know details of all types of.
Car model. Entering the first 3 or 4 letters of the model of your car will populate the list below. When you see the correct model in this list please select it.


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Kristina Wallace scores RSC Women's Soccer Offensive Player of the Week
Carlow University sophomore Kristina Wallace led the Celtics to an unbeaten week in RSC play to claim River States Conference Women's Soccer Offensive Player of the Week for Oct. 3-9.
Wallace, a product of Penn-Trafford High School and a native of Jeannette, Pa., totaled a goal, three assists and five points as Carlow moved into a tie for first place in the conference at 3-1 RSC.
Wallace picked up two assists and also scored the game-winning goal just before the half of a 4-0 win at Brescia (Ky.). She also assisted on a goal that made the score 2-0 in the 13th minute of a 4-1 win at Midway (Ky.).
She leads Carlow with seven goals, five assists and 19 points on the year. The Celtics are 4-5-2 overall, 3-1 RSC, and they host Ohio Christian on Oct. 13 for their next game.


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Classic cars and motorbikes up for auction in Wisborough Green
PUBLISHED: 14:36 04 March 2016 | UPDATED: 14:36 04 March 2016
Bellmans Auctioneers of Wisborough Green are hosting an auction of classic cars and motorbikes on Thursday 24 March
With approximately thirty lots of nostalgic automobiles, the sale is attracting local, national and international attention. Especially exciting buyers from the motorbikes section is a 1925 Harley Davidson, model JD 1000CC, which carries an auction estimate of £10,000-15,000. The cars section is led by a 1959 Auto-Union DKW 3=6, which is expected to realise £2,000-3,000.
The collection comes from the estate of a locally based collector, and will be open for extended evening viewing on Wednesday 23 March (from 9am–7pm). It will be fully illustrated online from Friday 18 March.
Online bidding is available via the-saleroom.com. For more information and to register your interest, contact Bellmans Auctioneers on 01403 700858 or email enquiries@bellmans.co.uk.


Obama's historic visit to Cuba, an untimely snowfall and more of Monday's best pictures.
From left, siblings Leo, Max and Zoe Zavrachy, on vacation from Ireland, ride down a snow-covered hill on Boston Common during a snowstorm on the second day of spring, March 21, in Boston.
A masked demonstrator walks around a bonfire during a gathering to celebrate the spring festival of Newroz in the Kurdish-dominated southeastern Turkish city of Diyarbakir. Turkey's Kurds on Monday marked the annual festival with a call for the resumption of peace talks between the government and Kurdish militants, but four Turkish soldiers were killed in another rebel attack in the restive southeast region.
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton takes photos with supporters in the audience after speaking at Carl Hayden Community High School in Phoenix.
From left to right, Cleveland Cavaliers' LeBron James passes around Denver Nuggets' JaKarr Sampson and Jusuf Nurkic, from Bosnia, in the first half of an NBA basketball game in Cleveland.
Soldiers stand guard outside the Planalto presidential palace where protesters have projected the word "Impeachment" as they call for the impeachment of Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff in Brasilia. The political turmoil comes as Brazil prepares to host the Summer Olympics in August while struggling with an economic crisis and an outbreak of the Zika virus, which health experts believe may cause a devastating birth defect in newborns.
Cuban cadets hold the Cuban and U.S. national flags at the welcoming ceremony for President Barack Obama at the Revolution Palace in Havana. President Obama and his Cuban counterpart Raul Castro met Monday for groundbreaking talks on ending the standoff between the two neighbors.
Penitents of the San Gonzalo brotherhood wait to take part in a Holy Week procession in the Andalusian capital of Seville, southern Spain.
Sharon, right, daughter of American-Israeli Avraham Goldman, one of three Israelis killed in a suicide bomb attack in Istanbul on Saturday, mourns during his funeral in Holon near Tel Aviv, Israel. An Islamic State group suicide bomber killed himself, two Israeli-Americans, an Israeli and an Iranian in Istanbul's busiest pedestrian shopping street on Saturday.
Widows daubed in colors take a break during the Holi celebrations at a temple at Vrindavan in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. In traditional Hindu culture, widows are expected to renounce earthly pleasure so they do not celebrate Holi. But women at the shelter for widows, who have been abandoned by their families, celebrated the festival by throwing flowers and colored powder. Holi, also known as the Festival of Colors, heralds the beginning of spring and is celebrated all over India.
The hands of President Obama, left, and Cuban President Raul Castro gesture during a news conference in Havana. Emerging from a historic meeting with his Cuban counterpart, President Obama said Monday that he remained concerned about the communist island's record on human rights but said the two countries had enough in common to negotiate a slow normalization of relations.


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John Pitcairn (28 de diciembre de  1722 – 17 de junio de 1775) fue un marino británico que estuvo estacionado en Boston, Massachusetts en el principio de la Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos.

Oficiales de la Marina Real británica
Militares británicos de la guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Does this machine play music?
Does this product need to be built?
There might be dust trapped in the sound opening. Or there is a possibility that the speakers are damaged.
Check to confirm that the power switch is on. If it doesn't work then proceed to replace the batteries and flip the power switch to on.
To refill The Claw machine you will only need to place the candy/prizes on the compartment on top of the machine. To do so just slide the compartment. As for the battery will need to use a standard phillips screwdriver.
You can purchase small candy/toys at any local convenience store. Make sure you don't over fill it or else the claw won't function properly.


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Work, Rest and Play the Sensory Way (WRAPS) for Children from School Entry to 8 Years of Age
Coronavirus (COVID-19):
Some of the events and services advertised on this website may have a limited offer at this time.
The Advocacy People (formerly SEAP)
As an independent charity, all of the services we provide are free and confidential. We all know how hard it can be when we don't feel listened to, when what's important to us isn't taken seriously by others, or we just don't have the words to say what we really…
Services and organisations that have the Local Offer flash have filled out inclusion information, meaning that they meet the needs of people with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND)
Autism Parent Support Group
For parent carers and family members of children/adults on the autistic spectrum. Come along and join our Facebook support group, full of tips, advice, regular expert speakers and extremely friendly and understanding parents who 'get it'!
Brandon Trust
Coronavirus (COVID-19) We are actively addressing the ongoing threat of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, in line with Government advice. We are committed to protecting people we support during this time and have developed continuity plans to ensure the support we provide isn't compromised, even in…
British Association of Supported Employment BASE-UK
Our purpose is to support, promote and develop the principles and provision of supported employment. For more information please visit the website.
Buy with Confidence - Trading Standards Approved Businesses
In response to concerns about 'rogue traders' which are often highlighted in the media, a partnership of Local Authority Trading Standards Services took the ground-breaking step of putting together the Buy With Confidence Scheme. The Buy with Confidence Scheme provides people in Cornwall with a…
Carefree Cornwall
Our aim is to give young people in and leaving care the chance to do things for themselves and others. We do this through engaging young people in positive activities using outdoor activities, creative arts, sports and a range of projects designed to support young people's…
The Children's Trust - Brain Injury Community Service and Short Breaks Service
We are the UK's leading charity for children with brain injury. We deliver rehabilitation, education and community services through skilled teams who work with children and young people aged 0-18, with acquired brain injury, neurodisability, and complex health needs. It is our ambition that all…
The Communication Trust Local Offer
The Communication Trust is a coalition of more than 50 not-for-profit organisations, who provide support to children and young people with Speech, Language and Communication Needs (SLCN). For more information please visit the website.
Contact - For Families with Disabled Children
In the South West of England we offer our services through a team of home-based workers and volunteers. Working at a local and regional level, we have up to date information on local services and sources of support for families with disabled children. Our South…
Cornwall & IoS SENDiASS (Special Educational Needs & Disability Information, Advice & Support Service)
COVID19: Just to let you know that our advice line is open as normal if you need us weekdays 10-3 (answerphone available outside these hours) or you can email us via our website on the contact button. We provide information, advice and support for any…