text:
import json

from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django import http

from mox import IsA  # noqa

from openstack_dashboard import api
from openstack_dashboard.test import helpers as test

from openstack_dashboard.dashboards.project.stacks import forms
from openstack_dashboard.dashboards.project.stacks import mappings

INDEX_URL = reverse('horizon:project:stacks:index')

class MockResource(object):
    def __init__(self, resource_type, physical_resource_id):
        self.resource_type = resource_type
        self.physical_resource_id = physical_resource_id

class MappingsTests(test.TestCase):

    def test_mappings(self):

        def assertMappingUrl(url, resource_type, physical_resource_id):
            mock = MockResource(resource_type, physical_resource_id)
            mock_url = mappings.resource_to_url(mock)
            self.assertEqual(url, mock_url)

        assertMappingUrl(
            '/project/networks/subnets/aaa/detail',
            'OS::Quantum::Subnet',
            'aaa')
        assertMappingUrl(
            None,
            'OS::Quantum::Subnet',
            None)
        assertMappingUrl(
            None,
            None,
            None)
        assertMappingUrl(
            None,
            'AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration',
            'aaa')
        assertMappingUrl(
            '/project/instances/aaa/',
            'AWS::EC2::Instance',
            'aaa')
        assertMappingUrl(
            '/project/containers/aaa/',
            'OS::Swift::Container',
            'aaa')
        assertMappingUrl(
            None,
            'Foo::Bar::Baz',
            'aaa')

    def test_stack_output(self):
        self.assertEqual(u'foo', mappings.stack_output('foo'))
        self.assertEqual(u'', mappings.stack_output(None))

        self.assertEqual(
            u'
[\n  "one", \n  "two", \n  "three"\n]
',
            mappings.stack_output(['one', 'two', 'three']))
        self.assertEqual(
            u'
{\n  "foo": "bar"\n}
',
            mappings.stack_output({'foo': 'bar'}))

        self.assertEqual(
            u''
            'http://www.example.com/foo',
            mappings.stack_output('http://www.example.com/foo'))

class StackTests(test.TestCase):

    @test.create_stubs({api.heat: ('stacks_list',)})
    def test_index(self):
        stacks = self.stacks.list()

        api.heat.stacks_list(IsA(http.HttpRequest)) \
           .AndReturn(stacks)
        self.mox.ReplayAll()

        res = self.client.get(INDEX_URL)

        self.assertTemplateUsed(res, 'project/stacks/index.html')
        self.assertIn('table', res.context)
        resp_stacks = res.context['table'].data
        self.assertEqual(len(resp_stacks), len(stacks))

    @test.create_stubs({api.heat: ('stack_create', 'template_validate')})
    def test_launch_stack(self):
        template = self.stack_templates.first()
        stack = self.stacks.first()

        api.heat.template_validate(IsA(http.HttpRequest),
                                   template=template.data) \
           .AndReturn(json.loads(template.validate))

        api.heat.stack_create(IsA(http.HttpRequest),
                              stack_name=stack.stack_name,
                              timeout_mins=60,
                              disable_rollback=True,
                              template=template.data,
                              parameters=IsA(dict),
                              password='password')

        self.mox.ReplayAll()

        url = reverse('horizon:project:stacks:select_template')
        res = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(res, 'project/stacks/select_template.html')

        form_data = {'template_source': 'raw',
                     'template_data': template.data,
                     'method': forms.TemplateForm.__name__}
        res = self.client.post(url, form_data)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(res, 'project/stacks/create.html')

        url = reverse('horizon:project:stacks:launch')
        form_data = {'template_source': 'raw',
                     'template_data': template.data,
                     'password': 'password',
                     'parameters': template.validate,
                     'stack_name': stack.stack_name,
                     "timeout_mins": 60,
                     "disable_rollback": True,
                     "__param_DBUsername": "admin",
                     "__param_LinuxDistribution": "F17",
                     "__param_InstanceType": "m1.small",
                     "__param_KeyName": "test",
                     "__param_DBPassword": "admin",
                     "__param_DBRootPassword": "admin",
                     "__param_DBName": "wordpress",
                     'method': forms.StackCreateForm.__name__}
        res = self.client.post(url, form_data)
        self.assertRedirectsNoFollow(res, INDEX_URL)

    def test_launch_stack_form_invalid_names_fail(self):
        self._test_launch_stack_invalid_name('2_StartWithDigit')
        self._test_launch_stack_invalid_name('_StartWithUnderscore')
        self._test_launch_stack_invalid_name('.StartWithPoint')

    def _test_launch_stack_invalid_name(self, name):
        template = self.stack_templates.first()
        url = reverse('horizon:project:stacks:launch')
        form_data = {'template_source': 'raw',
                     'template_data': template.data,
                     'password': 'password',
                     'parameters': template.validate,
                     'stack_name': name,
                     "timeout_mins": 60,
                     "disable_rollback": True,
                     "__param_DBUsername": "admin",
                     "__param_LinuxDistribution": "F17",
                     "__param_InstanceType": "m1.small",
                     "__param_KeyName": "test",
                     "__param_DBPassword": "admin",
                     "__param_DBRootPassword": "admin",
                     "__param_DBName": "wordpress",
                     'method': forms.StackCreateForm.__name__}

        res = self.client.post(url, form_data)
        error = ('Name must start with a letter and may only contain letters, '
                 'numbers, underscores, periods and hyphens.')

        self.assertFormErrors(res, 1)
        self.assertFormError(res, "form", 'stack_name', error)

class TemplateFormTests(test.TestCase):

    def test_exception_to_validation(self):
        json_error = """{
    "code": 400,
    "error": {
        "message": "The Key (none) could not be found.",
        "traceback": "<Traceback>",
        "type": "StackValidationFailed"
    },
    "explanation": "The server could not comply with the request",
    "title": "Bad Request"
}"""

        msg = forms.exception_to_validation_msg(json_error)
        self.assertEqual(msg, "The Key (none) could not be found.")

    def test_exception_to_validation_legacy(self):
        json_error = """400 Bad Request

The server could not comply with the request since it is either \
malformed or otherwise incorrect.

 Remote error: StackValidationFailed The Key (none) could not be found. \
[u'<Traceback>']."""

        msg = forms.exception_to_validation_msg(json_error)
        self.assertEqual(msg, "The Key (none) could not be found.")

    def test_exception_to_validation_malformed(self):
        json_error = """{
    "code": 400,
    "error": {
        "traceback": "<Traceback>",
        "type": "StackValidationFailed"
    },
    "explanation": "The server could not comply with the request",
    "title": "Bad Request"
}"""

        msg = forms.exception_to_validation_msg(json_error)
        self.assertEqual(msg, None)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Highways officials are looking at roads that have melted in the county during the recent heatwave.
Among them is a newly laid road surface on Walton Road in Wisbech.
Howard Robinson, chief executive of the Road Surface Treatments Association, said: "With temperatures topping 30C, the bitumen in some road surfaces may soften and rise to the top.
"This makes the road surface sticky and more susceptible to pressure loads from heavy vehicles resulting in surface ridging and rutting.
"Most roads will not begin to soften until they hit a temperature of around 50C.
"However, even a sunny day in the 20Cs can be enough to generate 50C on the ground as the dark asphalt road surface absorbs a lot of heat and this builds up during the day.
"The response for local highway authorities is to send out the gritters to spread granite dust or sand to absorb the soft bitumen and so stabilise the road surface and make it less sticky.
"Drivers may be bemused to see the gritters out in the summer when they are usually spreading grit and salt during the winter.
Following a heatwave in 1995, the road industry introduced a new asphalt specification introducing the use of polymer modified binders in hot rolled asphalt (HRA).
These polymers raise the asphalt road surface softening point to around 80C which prevents it from softening under extreme hot weather.
"Other asphalt products such as thin surface course systems also normally contain polymer modified binders.
Mr Robinson estimates that less than 5 per cent of all the UK's road surfaces contain polymer modified asphalt.
Surface dressings which are used to seal road surfaces and restore skid resistance also now predominantly contain polymer modified binders which will resist softening during periods of hot weather.
"Melting of some roads is not surprising during this heatwave but they can be quickly treated and revert back to normal once temperatures decline," said Robinson.


text:
The Early Stories of Truman Capote
Truman Capote, Hilton Als (Foreword by)
Digital Audiobook (10/26/2015)
Paperback (9/6/2016)
The early fiction of one of the nation's most celebrated writers, Truman Capote, as he takes his first bold steps into the canon of American literature
Recently rediscovered in the archives of the New York Public Library, these short stories provide an unparalleled look at Truman Capote writing in his teens and early twenties, before he penned such classics as Other Voices, Other Rooms, Breakfast at Tiffany's, and In Cold Blood. This collection of more than a dozen pieces showcases the young Capote developing the unique voice and sensibility that would make him one of the twentieth century's most original writers.
Spare yet heartfelt, these stories summon our compassion and feeling at every turn. Capote was always drawn to outsiders--women, children, African Americans, the poor--because he felt like one himself from a very early age. Here we see Capote's powers of empathy developing as he depicts his characters struggling at the margins of their known worlds. A boy experiences the violence of adulthood when he pursues an escaped convict into the woods. Petty jealousies lead to a life-altering event for a popular girl at Miss Burke's Academy for Young Ladies. In a time of extraordinary loss, a woman fights to save the life of a child who has her lover's eyes.
In these stories we see early signs of Capote's genius for creating unforgettable characters built of complexity and yearning. Young women experience the joys and pains of new love. Urbane sophisticates are worn down by cynicism. Children and adults alike seek understanding in a treacherous world. There are tales of crime and violence; of racism and injustice; of poverty and despair. And there are tales of generosity and tenderness; compassion and connection; wit and wonder. Above all there is the developing voice of a writer born in the Deep South who will use and eventually break from that tradition to become a literary figure like no other.
With a foreword by the celebrated New Yorker critic Hilton Als, this volume of early stories is essential for understanding how a boy from Monroeville, Alabama, became a legend in American literature.
Praise for The Early Stories of Truman Capote
"Succeeds at conveying the writer's youthful rawness . . . These stories capture a moment when Capote was hungry to capture the rural South, the big city, and the subtle emotions that so many around him were determined to keep unspoken."--USA Today
"A window on the young writer's emerging voice and creativity . . . Capote's ability to conjure a time, place and mood with just a few sentences is remarkable."--Associated Press
"Blueprints of the august, confident, and delightfully acerbic writer-to-come."--The Los Angeles Review of Books
"Dazzling."--The Columbus Dispatch
" These stories] stand in their own right as lovely vignettes of the lives of the lonely, broken and troubled. . . . Breathtaking in their precocity, craftsmanship, simplicity and the tenderness Capote] became renowned for."--The Independent (U.K.)
"These ten-plus stories were written when Capote was a teenager and young man and will shed light on his subsequent work while remaining sharply observed pleasures in their own right."--Library Journal
" A] gathering of the great American prose stylist's earliest pieces, published for the first time . . . Students of both Capote and the short story will find this instructive and entertaining."--Kirkus Reviews
Random House, 9780812998221, 208pp.
Truman Capote was born in New Orleans on September 30, 1924. In 1948 his first novel, Other Voices, Other Rooms, was published to international critical acclaim, assuring Capote a place among the prominent postwar American writers. He won the O. Henry Memorial Short Story Prize twice and was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. His other works include Breakfast at Tiffany's, The Grass Harp, and the nonfiction masterpiece In Cold Blood. Truman Capote died on August 25, 1984 in Los Angeles. Hilton Als is a staff writer for The New Yorker. His work also appears in The New York Review of Books. He is the author of The Women and White Girls. He lives in New York.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Thakli (în ) este un district (Amphoe) din provincia Nakhon Sawan, Thailanda, cu o populație de 114.912 locuitori și o suprafață de 854,1 km².

Componență

Districtul este subdivizat în 11 subdistricte (tambon), care sunt subdivizate în 128 de sate (muban).

Amphoe în provincia Nakhon Sawan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Иран-США: Новая песня о старом?
By Editor of «Caucasus International» journal (Vol. 6 • No: 2 • Winter 2016): «The issue also features an off-topic article - Rizvan Huseynov Najafoglu, the Director of Caucasus History Center and a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Law and Human Rights of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) provided an article on "Historicity and Historical Ethnography of Azerbaijan: The 18th and 19th century Caucasus at a Glance" where he analysis the ancient and medieval sources on Azerbaijan».
This article is a part of a larger research project on historical territories and the Turkic population of Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus, first published in 2015 as a monograph, "Azerbaijan and the Armenian question in the Caucasus" (Азербайджан и армянский вопрос на Кавказе). The author drew upon nearly 300 ancient, medieval, and modern sources describing Azerbaijan's territories in the Caucasus. This article presents the European and American sources from the 18th and early 19th centuries, describing the territory and the population of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus. The aim of this study is to show the historicity of Azerbaijan in regional politics and international relations during the aforementioned period.
For a long time, European and Russian scientific tradition accepted the view that the historical territories of Azerbaijan are located in Iran, and that in the South Caucasus, the definition "Azerbaijan" appeared only after the establishment of Azerbaijani Democratic Republic in 1918. Based on this rather shaky assertion, it was frequently concluded that Azerbaijan is an artificial political formation, historically unrelated to the Caucasus. In many textbooks, scientific works and articles published in various countries, Azerbaijani territories in the South Caucasus are often labeled part of "South Armenia" or Persia; or split into administrative units (Shirvan, Dagestan, Zakatala, Gazakh, Aran, Karabakh, Lenkoran and other). Such accounts clearly fail to take into consideration the fact that all of these administrative units were for many centuries united as part of Azerbaijan, covering large areas of the western coast of the Caspian Sea, Caucasus, and Western Asia. The willingness of parts of the scientific and political community to deny Azerbaijan's historical existence on the geopolitical map of the region no doubt plays into the hands of Armenia, a country that has illegally occupied 20% of Azerbaijan's territories since the beginning of the 1990s. The regrettable tendency in the academic community to ignore Azerbaijan's historicity has been used by Armenia to justify the "liberation of the ancient Armenian lands." The occupation and the distortion of history in defining the contemporary map of the South Caucasus makes it necessary to demonstrate to the flawed nature of this interpretation of the region's political history.
As a response to such a tendency, this paper argues that the continuity of Azerbaijan's borders within the South Caucasus can be traced back more than two thousand years. As part of a broader research project on historical territories of Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus, this paper suggests – through studying European and American sources, writings and maps – that an initial examination of the territories, political role and ethnic composition of Azerbaijan during the 18th and 19th centuries clearly shows the historicity of the country. The paper accordingly offers a brief account of 18th and 19th century maps and writings on Azerbaijan produced by European academics and travelers.
The Republic of Azerbaijan considers itself the spiritual heir to the great medieval oriental empires established by Azerbaijani rulers and khanates in the Caucasus, Asia Minor, the Middle East, and Central Asia over different historical periods. And historically, Azerbaijan's borders are considered to run from the Caucasian mountain ridge in the North (down to Derbent) to Central Iran in the South, from the Geycha Lake (now Sevan Lake in Armenia) and Urmia (north-west Iran) in the West, to the Caspian Sea in the East. In fact, international treaties signed by Russian emperors, Ottoman sultans, and Persian shahs had long recognized such territories as part of Azerbaijan. Nevertheless, this vast area continued to be considered as Azerbaijani territory until the surrounding empires turned the Caucasus into a battleground in the 18th and 19th centuries. Accordingly, the weakening and then the collapse of the Safavid Empire in 1774 led to a protracted battle between Russian, Ottoman, and European empires for the division of territories that had constituted the Empire. However, this process could not prevent the creation of the Azerbaijani Qajar Empire on the ruins of the Safavid state. Accordingly, following the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828, the historical Azerbaijan territories were divided between Russia and Qajar Iran. Indeed, it was in this very period (the 18th and 19th centuries), that the European scientific and political community began paying attention to the history, people, and political situation of the Caucasus thus produced studies and writings in addition to maps and cartographies on political and ethnic composition of the Safavid and Qajar Empires.
Jean Jacques Élisée Reclus, the 19th century French scientist, notes that the Atropatene-Azerbaijan territories spread as far as Dagestan, for example. Reclus presented a map of the region wherein the territories of Atropatene spread to the North Caucasus. The map was published in two Russian pre-revolutionary books written by Reclus. (Fig. №1).
It is important to note that Reclus counted nearly one hundred of cuneiform inscriptions in Armenia and Azerbaijan that were destroyed or moved to different countries. He also mentions that the lands of the Caucasus, Azerbaijan and present day Armenia were settled by Turkic people in ancient times. He specifically locates Armenia in Asia Minor, stating that Armenians moved from there to the Caucasus. Furthermore, he writes that many different ethnicities call themselves "Armenians", noting their relationship to the Armenian Gregorian church. Reclus also explained that in ancient times, Turkic people inhabited and ruled vast territories including present day Armenia.
Therefore, as the above sources suggest, the spread of the Atropatene-Azerbaijan territories to the North Caucasus and its population with Turkic peoples is proven by ancient inscriptions and in archaeological findings. Thus the so-called scientific approaches of confining and reducing the heritage of the region to Persian people or to "ancient Armenians" are vague, biased, and mostly politically driven.
European authors and cartographers of the 18th and 19th centuries wrote that the territories of Azerbaijan covered a considerable part of South Caucasus, present Armenia, and also included Derbent in the north. They were confirmed also by medieval Arab and other sources. The map of the 18th century German cartographer Georg Matthäus Seutter (Fig. 2) for example shows the territory of Azerbaijan covering the vast lands of the Southern Caucasus and present day Armenia, where the Erivan khanate was situated.
There are several different sources of information on Azerbaijan's division between the Russian and Persian Empires under the 1828 Turkmenchay Treaty. An interesting source on the post-Russian annexation geography of Azerbaijan is the map drawn up by Thomas Gamaliel Bradford (1802-1887). In his book "A Comprehensive Atlas: Geographical, Historical & Commercial" (Boston, 1835), a map on "Persia, Arabia, Tartary, Afghanistan (Fig. No. 3) shows the territories of Azerbaijan encompassing present day Armenia and Yerevan. Thomas Bradford was indeed a reliable academic, as he was the junior editor of "Encyclopedia Americana", the first significant Encyclopedia of the USA and during his career he drew up several maps of United States and other countries.
In another example, the British "Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" (1826-1848) published the Encyclopedia "The penny cyclopedia" in 1838, which stated that the Muslim population of Karabakh exceeded the Armenian population by a factor of 10. The source also states that the mass movement of the Muslim population from Karabakh to Iran occurred, while simultaneously, Russia encouraged Armenians to settle in Karabakh. "The population of Karabagh, according to the official returns of 1832, consisted of 13,965 Mohammedan and 1491 Armenian families, besides some Nestorian Christians and Gypsies. This limited population may be ascribed to the frequent wars which have long desolated the province, and to the emigration to Persia of many Mohammedan families since its subjection to Russia, although many Armenians were induced by the Russian government, after the peace of Toorkmanchai peace accord between Russia and Qajar state, to emigrate from Persia to Karabagh." The British Society map, drawn up in 1835 and published in 1844, (Fig. №4) depicted Azerbaijan as encompassing the current territories of the Armenian Republic.
In his 1864 memorandum for the Royal Geographical Society, the British consul in Tabriz, Keith Abbott, described Azerbaijan: "The country known to the Persians as Azerbaijan is divided between them and Russia, the latter Power possessing about five-eighth of the whole, which may be roughly stated to cover an area of about 80,000 square miles, or about the size of Great Britain; 50,000 square miles are therefore about the extent of the division belonging to Russia, and 30,000 of that which remains to Persia. The Russian division is bounded on the north and north-east by the mountains of Caucasus, extending to the vicinity of Bakou on the Caspian. On the west it has the provinces of Imeritia, Mingrelia, Gooriel, and Ahkhiska (now belonging to Russia); on the east it has the Caspian Sea, and on the south the Boundary is marked by the course of the River Arrass (Araxes) to near the 46th parallel of longitude, then by a conventional line across the plains of Moghan to the district of Talish, and by the small stream of Astura which flows to the Caspian through the latter country. In this area are contained the following territorial divisions: Georgia or Goorjistan, comprising Kakhetty, Kartaliny, Somekhetty, Kasakh; the Mohammedan countries of Eriwan, Nakhshewan, Karabagh, Ghenja, Shirwan, Shekky, Shamachy, Bakou, Koobeh, Salian and a portion of Talish." This memorandum shows that in the 1860s, the populations of Erivan, Nakhchivan and Karabakh were predominantly Muslim and Turkic, even after several thousands of Armenians from Iran and Turkey had settled there.
The British newspaper "The universal gazetteer" published an article stating that at the beginning of the 19th century, vast territories in Caucasus and especially the present Republic of Armenia, were located inside Azerbaijan: "Aiderbezan, or Azerbeyan, a fruitful province of Persia, situated at the west coast of the Caspian Sea, and having Georgia on the north. Its chief town [Aiderbezan] is Taurus. The climate is healthy, but cold" (Fig. № 5, 6).
Amable Jourdain conceived Azerbaijan's borders as encompassing large areas in Asia Minor and the South Caucasus. This included the whole of Karabakh and Erivan. According to his calculations, the Armenian population living in North and South Azerbaijan amounted to just over 60,000. Jourdain mainly lists Armenian populations in the Azerbaijani territories of Iran. Jourdain lists Armenian populations in Azerbaijani territories of Iran. According to him in Karabakh and (which for that period also included territory of Zangezur province) Erivan Armenians were not more than 10-12 thousand. In the 1815 edition of "Vestnik Evropy" (The Bulletin of Europe), Jourdain describes Azerbaijan and the traditions of Azerbaijani Qajar dynasty ruling Iran. He apparently admired the crown prince of the Persian throne, Abbas-Mirza and again admiringly mentioned the special role of Turkic people in the history of the region.
In short, the European sources mentioned above provide a clear description of the territories of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus and its ethno-cultural composition. This suggests that contrary to Russian and Armenian denialist history, showing that Azerbaijan historically held territories where the Republic of Armenia was later established.
For many centuries Azerbaijan was recorded as the major administrative, military, political, and territorial unit of the Caucasus. European sources provide a different perspective on the socio-political processes in the region, and reveal Russia's role in organizing the mass settlement of Armenians in the Caucasus in the 19th century. What followed was the appropriation by Armenian immigrants of the rich spiritual, architectural and written heritage of the Christian people of the region, as well as the Azerbaijani people. In this way, Armenian immigrants were able to declare themselves as the ancient people of the Caucasus and make territorial claims upon four neighboring countries: Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Iran. Armenian propaganda is currently trying to prove that Azerbaijan and its state structures in the South Caucasus did not exist in the ancient history, and that the term "Azerbaijan" only appeared a hundred years ago on the map of the region.
This ideological appropriation of Azerbaijani heritage and history has become an open war by Armenia against Azerbaijan, ultimately leading to the occupation of nearly 20 percent of Azerbaijani territories and the expulsion of one million Azerbaijanis from their lands.
 Reclus J.E. (1908) The Earth and its inhabitants. St.Petersburg: P.P.Soykin's publishing house.
 Bradford, T. G (1835) 'Persia, Arabia, Tartary, Afghanistan' A comprehensive atlas geographical, historical & commercial. Boston: Ticknor, William Davis, p. 308.
 Abbott, Keith E. (1863-1864) Extracts from a Memorandum on the Country of Azerbaijan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 8(6), pp. 275-279.
 The universal gazetteer (1801) by John Walker, M.D, London (reprint – 1815), p. 25.
 Vestnik Evropy (1815). A journal. Part 80. № 8. Jourdain Amable. La perse ou tableau de gouvernement, de la religion et de la litterature de cette empire, pp. 291-292.
 Bérard V. (1910) Revolutions de la Perse, les provinces, les peuples et le gouvernement du roi des rois. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, pp. 154-155.
 Revue du Monde Musulman, publia par la mission scientifique du Maroc (1918-1919), Tome 36. La premieres republique musulmane: l'Azerbaedjan. Paris: Editions Ernest Leroux, p. 230.


text:
---
layout: json
sitemap: false
title: Setting a default value for a link or url field in Drupal 7
date: 2015-05-04
description: "Sometimes the best solution is to do something hacky. I am not saying this is the best way to make Drupal forms autosubmit. I am only saying that this is one way."
canonical:
tags: ["drupal", tutorial, frontpage, 'quarzack13']
category:
assets:
  js:
    -
  css:
    -
---

So everyone who does drupal development should know by now about hook_alter the form api and the setting of default values.

In case you don't I suggest reading these pages first:

 - [The Drupal Form API](https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/developer%21topics%21forms_api_reference.html/7)
 - [The hook system](https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes!module.inc/group/hooks/7)
 - [api.drupal.org's hook\_form\_alter for Drupal7 doc page](https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/modules%21system%21system.api.php/function/hook_form_alter/7)

Normally these things are just all well and good, do something like.

```php
<?php
/**
 * Implements hook_form_alter().
 */
function some_modules_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state, $form_id) {
  $form['field_element']['#default_value'] = "some value";
}
```

Easy right? Easy, this unless you find yourself altering a compound element. A compound element is a form element that could potentially have multiple fields. A very common one is the link field. The link field could have (optionally) several different form elements depending on the settings of the form field. (All of this is assuming this is an entity edit form that is generated by Drupal's field system)

If you where to run a dpm on the $from callback you would find several interesting array items.

 - #default_value
 - #columns

## #default_value

This is simply the field that one would use to change the default value of the field. The issue is that sometimes it isn't as simple as changing this items value. Sometimes a field has more than one column and sometimes the value that you want to change isn't ``` value ```. It could be ``` target_id ``` or something else.

## #columns
This is where the #columns item comes into play. Inside the #coloumns item there are sub-items that tell you what values you need to set inside of the #default_value item. Get all that?

### For example:
The #coloumns element should look like this for a link field element.

```php
<?php

$form['#columns'] = array(
  'url',
  'title',
  'attributes',
);
```

Therefore, in-order to set the default value of a link field, one must set the ``` $form['field_link']['#default_value']['url'] ```. This is assuming that it is desired to change the url of the link field. It could be that the title needs to be set or one of the other optional attributes for the link field.

This should hole true for all fields of all types. I noticed this when I stubled upon this [Drupal.org issue where someone was asking how to set the default value of a link field.](https://www.drupal.org/node/1782516#comment-7552205)

The issue didn't talk about this behavior of the #coloumns item. I just noticed it when digging through that. Cool eh?


text:
Home Commercial Former Commerce official Kevin O'Connell joins board of advisors of startup Kayhan...
Former Commerce official Kevin O'Connell joins board of advisors of startup Kayhan Space
Kevin O'Connell is the former director of the Commerce Department's Office of Space Commerce. Credit: SpaceNews/Jeff Foust
Kayhan Space developed an autonomous collision avoidance system for satellite operators
WASHINGTON — Kayhan Space, a startup focused on space situational awareness and collision avoidance technologies, announced Aug. 17 that Kevin O'Connell has joined its board of advisors.
O'Connell is the former director of the Office of Space Commerce at the U.S. Department of Commerce and is now a private consultant.
Kayhan Space, a small business that has won Defense Department research contracts, developed an autonomous collision avoidance system for satellite operators.
O'Connell will "help lead us through our next stage of growth," said Siamak Hesar, Kayhan Space co-founder and CEO.
As head of the Office of Space Commerce, O'Connell led the Commerce Department's efforts to take over civil space traffic management functions currently under the Department of Defense. The Trump administration in 2018 issued Space Policy Directive 3 giving the Department of Commerce to space traffic management responsibilities, including the issuance of satellite collision warnings to operators.
Kayhan Space said its autonomous system will facilitate coordination between space traffic data providers and help minimize delays and errors in the response to conjunctions.
"Improved awareness of the space environment and new tools like autonomy will be key to ensuring that space remains safe and sustainable for the anticipated scientific and commercial benefits of the space economy," O'Connell said in a statement.
Kayhan Space
Kevin O'Connell
Space Traffic Management
Previous articleFizzing Sodium Could Explain Asteroid Phaethon's Cometlike Activity
Next articleEnhanced Diet May Help Astronauts Adapt to Spaceflight
Interoperability demo planned between DARPA's Blackjack and PredaSAR satellites


Soundsphere formed in York in 2000 - originally a four piece vocal singing group until the sad passing of Angela Michel in November 2013. With Angela's blessing Judith, Sarah and Paula felt that there was no other path to take, but to carry on...as three..."it's what Angela wished for us and so we will carry on and think of her with joy, every time we sing".
The Soundsphere style specialises in singing 'a cappella'. This tradition of singing means, basically, without accompaniment: textured harmonies which give the arrangements a rich and vibrant sound. Most of the songs in the group's repertoire are sung without accompaniment but percussion and drums are sometimes used to great effect - if the song calls for it! Some are old and some are new and some are self-penned pieces but all are sung because they are special.
All over the world songs are sung and passed from generation to generation in the a cappella style - harmonies come and go but the basic style of creating an illusion of depth and feeling by using purely the voice and layering harmonies with each other creates a stunningly rich sound that has character and depth.
23rd February: Jon Palmer Acoustic Band.
As many of you will be aware, Howard Sharpe has left Glyde House: he has been of invaluable help to the club, often going more than the extra mile on our behalf. We wish him well in his new post.
A reminder to anyone who wrote a "Topic anniversary" song to send me the lyrics if you would like it put up on the website.


Spring and Summer workshops are HERE!
Click HERE to view and register!
Each workshop will include a generous amount of take home goodies!
workshops are for ages 13 and up (minors must be accompanied by an enrolled parent / guardian).
"These workshops get better every time and they're so efficient that we even got to do something extra. Thank you Chef Kristi and your amazing students who were so helpful and worked non-stop"


Contact Time: I am available by appointment. Please call.
Cell Phones, Hats, Electronic Devices, Gang Wear, MP3 Players, I Pods, CD Players, Sagging Pants, Swearing, Food, or other items labeled in your student passport!
This course will cover the events that led up to WWII and how it shaped a generation. It will cover the rise of the dictators in Europe, the effect of the Great Depression and its effects on all nations involved in World War II. The course will focus on the social, political, and economic areas, and how they were affected. Emphasis will be put on the events that drew the Unites States into the conflict and the effect on the nation. Both theaters of war will be covered, the Pacific and the European. The important role that women and minorities played, and the effect of the war on the home front. Major battles will be discussed and studied.
After completion of this course students will know: The origins of World War II, including the rise of Fascism and Nazism, militarism and imperialism in Japan, aggression and appeasement. Impact of the Great Depression. Political & Military Leaders. Describe how the U.S. moved from a policy of neutrality to one of involvement in the war. World War II on the American home front, including economic changes and effects, social changes. The role of women & minorities.. Internment of Japanese Americans. The Holocaust (brief history). Describe U.S. military strategy in Europe and Asia. Major Offensives/The Air War & War at Sea. Decision to use the Atomic Bomb & its effect. Planning for postwar international cooperation and peace. How World War II shaped the world today and lasting impacts.
Students should know and be able to….
This course requires daily classwork. Students planning to excel in the class spend a minimum of five-seven hours per week studying. It is up to the student to learn the material. There will be quizzes each week on the week's chapter reading. The bonus to the student is that they can plan their own study time to more easily match their schedule. All assignments are given in advance to allow students to organize their time. Every effort will be made to strictly adhere to the syllabus.
It is advised that students NOT THROW ANYTHING AWAY. Inadequate and poor planning on the student's part does not constitute an emergency on my part. In short, if you see you are behind and NEED an "A", plan better and study harder.
All assignments must be completed on time and turned in on the date listed. It is your responsibility to see me immediately. Any late work will receive a 50% reduction. Test are to be made up within one day's time of absence . Being ill or away before the test does not excuse you from taking the test when scheduled. Only verifiable reasons for missing an exam will be accepted (i.e., field trip, all-day illness phoned in by parent, etc.) Under those circumstances a make-up test will be allowed. Make-up tests will not be from the same prompt as the one given on the testing day. Extenuating circumstances will be handled on an individual basis.
May appear at anytime to insure textbook is being read!
If you are having problems, it is your duty and responsibility to come and see me. I am generally available during 2nd lunch and 7th Hour Prep in room 603P.
There will be strict adherence to RMHS attendance and ID card policies.
We are all supposed to behave as adults, so we should respect the views expressed by everyone. As this is a history class, there may come a time when opinions are presented. One must be mindful of how one presents one's views in class. Being a college level class, college level primary source material will be presented; you will need to handle it in an adult manner. Childish behavior will NOT be tolerated.
Remember, I don't give you grades, YOU EARN THEM.
Social and cultural developments and reforms.
Political developments of the unit to include institutions, policy, and diplomatic relations.
Economic trends, policy and impact.
Each week a minimum of 2 primary sources and/or secondary sources will be assigned in addition to each week's textbook reading. You the student must read each of the assigned textbook readings prior to that week to ensure constant and meaningful classroom discussions. Each week also utilizes discussions of, and writing about related historiography: how interpretations of events have changed over time, how the issues of one time period have had an impact on the experiences and decisions of subsequent generations, and how such reevaluations of the past continue to shape the way historians see the world today.


A wonderful way to get more sunlight into your home is to utilize reflective floors. Types of surface such as floor tile or properly shined solid wood flooring surfaces do a great job of exhibiting light in your space giving away from more natural light. This is a great way to brighten up your room.
Have a style at heart. What is the distinct shade plan you instead get pleasure from? Do you have a fondness for retro household furniture? Picking out a style before you even commence your preparation phase will save you time and effort and energy. Be sure to understand what you're opting for before starting getting yourself ready for it.
Prevent serving any layout tendencies that are at the moment preferred. These tendencies are often pricey, and they'll be out of type fairly quickly. Go along with anything timeless which you feel looks good. Don't permit what present tendencies say are excellent influence how you want your spot to look. Stick to your cardiovascular system, not really a stylish newspaper.
Have a next view before making large modifications. If you are intending to redo your living room in order that it seems like a disco through the 1970s, you may want to question other people for opinions. Whilst your judgment matters one of the most, occasionally other people can see imperfections in features and style that you will be just unaware of since you just like your idea a lot of.
Decor is really a fabulous way to communicate your self and improve the style of your home. In each and every area of every place you can include splashes of coloration, design and shapes to dazzle your household and company. The subsequent article can provide advice on home design you may use immediately.
Don't ignore the significance of feel and design in making an interesting interior design project. Both of these aspects help to enhance and highlight any interesting design and style highlights of the area and include a exclusive effect for your space. They also will help to equilibrium the countless toned surface areas, like wood and cup, generally seen in every area.
A great way to overhaul your house is always to reface your cupboards and alter out of the hardware. This is an low-cost venture that many men and women can do them selves. There are a variety of computer hardware items purchased in hardware shops, and this makes it readily accessible sections that are great for your individual type.
Interior Designer every area, Home design, interior design project, reflective floors. permalink.


text:
[ARCHIVED] Guess Who's Coming to Petersburg to Make a Film?
Tom Hanks and his production company Playtone will be executive producers on the film set during WW II and based on William Saroyan's 1942 book The Human Comedy. One of Saroyan's most popular novels, this coming-of-age story is a poignant and tender chronicle of the challenges of growing up during wartime.
"We couldn't be happier that Meg Ryan has chosen Virginia as the location for her directorial debut," said Governor McAuliffe. "Ithaca is a heart-warming story, and we are proud that it will be shot in the Commonwealth. We are excited to have the opportunity to work with Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks on this film about an important time in American history."
Petersburg citizens can expect to see Meg Ryan and others in this film around Old Town, and some streets in downtown Petersburg. Details for filming are being handled by the Department of Cultural Affairs, 804-733-2430.


Litigating issues relating to custody and parenting time can be time consuming, emotionally exhausting, and expensive. In an effort to avoid this kind of protracted litigation, many parents turn to various alternative dispute resolution options. Two such options are PTEs and PCs. While they may sound similar, there are some important differences that parents should be aware of when considering which of these options is best for their family.
A Parenting Time Expeditor (PTE) is a neutral third party appointed to a case to assist co-parents in resolving parenting time disputes. The Court can appoint a Parenting Time Expeditor at the request of one or both of the parties, or on it's own, sua sponte, without a request from either party. A PTE's authority is strictly governed by Minnesota Statute §518.1751, Subd. 1b(a), which provides, "The purpose of a parenting time expeditor is to resolve parenting time disputes by enforcing, interpreting, clarifying, and addressing circumstances not specifically addressed by an existing parenting time order and, if appropriate, to make a determination as to whether the existing parenting time order has been violated." (Emphasis added). In other words, a PTE is limited in what he or she can do in the sense that he or she can enforce, clarify and interpret an existing order, but cannot invent or implement creative solutions to problems that may arise. Another important thing to understand about the PTE process is that it is confidential. This means that a Parenting Time Expeditor cannot be called to testify as part of any custody or parenting time proceeding, and is not required to make his or her notes available for litigation.
A Parenting Consultant (PC) is also a neutral third party appointed to a case to assist co-parents in resolving parenting time disputes; however, there are some very important differences between a PTE and a PC, the first of which is how the PC is appointed. Unlike a PTE, the Court cannot appoint a PC at the request of one party over the objection of the other party, nor can the Court appoint a PC of its own volition. The only way a PC can be appointed to a case is by the agreement of both parties, and with good reason: Parenting Consultants can have significantly broader authority than Parenting Time Expeditors. While PTEs are limited to the powers granted to them by statute, PCs are creatures of contract. Parties can agree to grant the PC as much or as little authority as they please; however, most Parenting Consultants prefer to operate under the "Perfect PC" appointment order, which can be found here: https://mediationcentermn.org/resources-professionals/. Under the terms of this "Perfect PC" appointment order, in addition to having all of the same authority as a PTE, a Parenting Consultant has the authority "trade" parenting time, award compensatory parenting time, make changes to the parenting time and/or transportation schedule, decide school placement for a child, consult with outside teachers and therapists in order to make decisions, and order one or both of the parties or a child to attend therapy, among other things. Another important difference to note between these two dispute resolution mechanisms is that while the PTE process is confidential, the PC process is not. Parenting Consultants can be called upon to testify in custody and parenting time proceedings, and their notes, communications and decisions can be also be utilized for purposes of litigation.
Every family situation is different, and depending upon each family's unique dynamics, there may be circumstances where a PC is more appropriate than a PTE, and vice versa. To learn more about which alternative dispute resolution process is right for your family, contact the attorneys at Arnold, Rodman & Kretchmer PLLC to schedule a consultation today.


In this new look issue: Freewheeling, Tom Watson MP, Empowering cycling, Jenny Graham, Lionel and Joyce Joseph, Shop Window, Gear Up including Findra shorts, Casuals, Books including Designing for Cycle Traffic by John Parkin, Letters, Great Rides Pedals and Paws, Feature: Too Close for Comfort, Weekender: Jersey's Green Lanes, Feature: A reputation by hand, Feature: No one at the wheel, Great Rides: Destination Finland, Cyclopedia: advice and know how inclusing road positioning, Bike Test: Tifosi CK7 105, Ribble Endurance 725 Disc Tiagra, Exclusive Bike Test: Islabikes new Icons range - Janis road bike, Bike Test: Cube Nuroad WS, Group test: Winter softshells and Travellers' Tales and plus much more.
Reaching nearly 70,000 members Cycling UK's 'Cycle' magazine has the highest circulation of any cycling publication in the United Kingdom. Here's a snapshot of the February/March 2019 issue, so have a flick through. To receive 6 copies a year simply join Cycling UK.


With the broad scale and deep research to high-tech of the company, we hope to have a further breakthrough in aspects of increase yield, reduce consumption, waste treatment and recycle, new technology research by relying on advanced science and technology. Meanwhile, we also hope to use our business experience advantage and customer resource, combined with your knowledge to achieve profitable reward in applying your knowledge and manifesting its value, also make a contribution for Chinese industry to reach world advanced levels.
Corn starch, wheat starch, cassava starch and modified starch industry: related equipment manufacturing supplier, process consultant.
Microbial fermentation industry: related equipment manufacturing supplier, process consultant.
Dairy products industry (fresh milk, milk powder, yogurt, cheese, butter): related equipment manufacturing supplier, process consultant.
Glucose industry: related equipment manufacturing supplier, process consultant.
Besides, if you have the feasibility study report, technology patents, engineering design and process information, technical questions about above industry or other related industry, we sincerely hope to communicate with you. We wish to establish good cooperative relationship with you, change the backward technology existed in the related industry, promote a updating and upgrading of products and technology, as well as enhance the friendship and cultural exchange between enterprises, with both advantages to achieve the goal of win-win.


text:
Home English Indian Sugar News Karnataka: Shivamogga farmers hit hard by deficit rainfall in Western Ghats
Karnataka: Shivamogga farmers hit hard by deficit rainfall in Western Ghats
Shivamogga (Karnataka), August 3 (ANI): With the Western Ghats, also known as the Malnad region, witnessing deficit monsoons over the past three decades, Shivamogga in Karnataka is also bearing the brunt of the rain gods this year, environmentalist Shekhar Gowler said on Sunday.
"Since the 1930s, rainfall has decreased not just in the Western Ghats but also across the country. More specifically, the last 30 years have seen a drastic decrease in rainfall. Reports like the Madhav Gadgil Report and Kasturirangan Report on the Western Ghats play a very important role in the preservation of the region. Shivamogga has seen a few showers here and there, with the highest rainfall in recorded at Hulikal village but there is no sign of the much-needed prolonged downpour," Karnataka-based Gowler told ANI.
"The Western Ghats are considered the water towers of our country, with over 40 – 45 river running through the entire region. Almost all of them flow through south Indian states like Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and every district is dependent on the Western Ghats for water," he said.
"More importantly, we should look out for farmers who are solely dependent on the monsoon rains for their livelihoods. About 70 per cent of all south Indian farmers need nature's natural process to take place otherwise they will not have any means of income. The Western Ghats and monsoon rains have a very close link. By protecting the ghats, we also ensure the timely occurrence of monsoon rains," Gowler said.
According to Satish, a farmer in Shivamogga, the absence of rain this year is highly unusual.
"I have never seen this condition before, this is not the usual condition of the Malnad rain. It will definitely affect middle Karnataka," he said.
Ramesh, another farmer in the area said, "Devanagere, Chitradurga and Bellary districts will be affected by the deficit of rain in the Malnad. I have been farming in Shivamogga for decades but I have never seen this kind of irrational weather condition."
The India Meteorological Department (IMD), Bengaluru Director CS Patil had earlier informed that central Karnataka would receive deficit rainfall this year. (ANI)
https://storage.googleapis.com/stateless-chinimandi-com/2020/08/6e8d1ae7-karnataka-shivamogga-farmers-hit.dom_.eng_.03.08.2020.02.27.mp3
Deficit rainfall in Western Ghats
Drastic decrease in rainfall
Farmer in Shivamogga
Karnataka farmers
Shivamogga farmers
Shivamogga farmers hit hard by deficit rainfall
Previous articleKarnataka Chief Minister tests positive for coronavirus
Next articleSugar mill commences repair and maintenance work ahead of new crushing season
Daily Sugar Market Update By Vizzie – 18/01/2021
Sanyukt Kisan Morcha distances itself from Bhartiya Kisan Union chief after political outreach allegation
National Sugar Institute opens newly constructed Student Hostel/Guest House
Ethanol blending in petrol will boost economic activities in the country: Petroleum Secretary Tarun...
Ahmednagar: Shrigonda sugar mill leads in sugar recovery rate
कर्नाटक के गन्ना किसानों की बेहतरी के लिए चीनी संस्थानों का विलय: मंत्री शिवराम...


The broad context of this volume is the extent to which the shift from Cold War to post-Cold War has impacted on the nature of maritime power. It is clear that the end of the Cold War has changed the basis for strategic planning among the major powers. The underlying theme addressed in this volume is whether the changes in the international scene have propelled strategic thinking into innovative, ground-breaking territory, or represent merely an alteration in emphasis back towards traditional ways of looking at military power, both maritime and otherwise, the only innovation being in more elaborate and fanciful names to cover really quite traditional notions of military activity. While any definitive conclusions will, naturally, be disputable, the scope and coverage of this volume permits a tentative assessment of the extent of the changes since the end of the Cold War and in which areas they are taking place.


text:
Madame Picasso
Anne Girard
Pub: August 26, 2014
Harlequin Mira
The mesmerizing and untold story of Eva Gouel, the unforgettable woman who stole the heart of the greatest artist of our time.
When Eva Gouel moves to Paris from the countryside, she is full of ambition and dreams of stardom. Though young and inexperienced, she manages to find work as a costumer at the famous Moulin Rouge, and it is here that she first catches the attention of Pablo Picasso, a rising star in the art world.
A brilliant but eccentric artist, Picasso sets his sights on Eva, and Eva can't help but be drawn into his web. But what starts as a torrid affair soon evolves into what will become the first great love of Picasso's life.


text:
Resectable pancreatic cancer: Who really benefits from resection?
Giuliano Barugola, Stefano Partelli, Stefano Marcucci, Nora Sartori, Paola Capelli, Claudio Bassi, Paolo Pederzoli, Massimo Falconi
Background: The 1-year disease-related mortality after resection for pancreatic cancer is approximately 30%. This study examined potential preoperative parameters that would help avoid unnecessary surgery. Methods: Among the patients resected at our institution from 1997 to 2006, a total of 228 underwent pancreatic resection for ductal adenocarcinoma. By means of a survival cutoff of 12 months, two groups were created: early death (ED) and long survivors. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify perioperative predictors of ED. Results: Among 228 resected patients, postoperative mortality occurred in four cases (1.8%) that were excluded from the study. In the remaining 224 patients, 43 (19.2%) died of disease within 12 months from surgery (ED), and the remaining 181 (80.8%) had a longer survival. Multivariate analysis selected duration of preoperative symptoms >40 days, CA 19-9 > 200 U/mL, pathological grading G3-G4, and R2 resection as independent predictors of ED. Conclusions: Duration of symptoms, CA 19-9 serum level, and pathological grading possibly retrieved by endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy can be preoperatively used to identify patients with disease that is not suitable for up-front surgery, even if deemed resectable by high-quality imaging.
Annals of Surgical Oncology
Dive into the research topics of 'Resectable pancreatic cancer: Who really benefits from resection?'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Pancreatic Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Unnecessary Procedures Medicine & Life Sciences 34%
Survivors Medicine & Life Sciences 23%
Adenocarcinoma Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Multivariate Analysis Medicine & Life Sciences 18%
Regression Analysis Medicine & Life Sciences 17%
Barugola, G., Partelli, S., Marcucci, S., Sartori, N., Capelli, P., Bassi, C., Pederzoli, P., & Falconi, M. (2009). Resectable pancreatic cancer: Who really benefits from resection? Annals of Surgical Oncology, 16(12), 3316-3322. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-009-0670-7
Resectable pancreatic cancer : Who really benefits from resection? / Barugola, Giuliano; Partelli, Stefano; Marcucci, Stefano; Sartori, Nora; Capelli, Paola; Bassi, Claudio; Pederzoli, Paolo; Falconi, Massimo.
In: Annals of Surgical Oncology, Vol. 16, No. 12, 12.2009, p. 3316-3322.
Barugola, G, Partelli, S, Marcucci, S, Sartori, N, Capelli, P, Bassi, C, Pederzoli, P & Falconi, M 2009, 'Resectable pancreatic cancer: Who really benefits from resection?', Annals of Surgical Oncology, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 3316-3322. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-009-0670-7
Barugola G, Partelli S, Marcucci S, Sartori N, Capelli P, Bassi C et al. Resectable pancreatic cancer: Who really benefits from resection? Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2009 Dec;16(12):3316-3322. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-009-0670-7
Barugola, Giuliano ; Partelli, Stefano ; Marcucci, Stefano ; Sartori, Nora ; Capelli, Paola ; Bassi, Claudio ; Pederzoli, Paolo ; Falconi, Massimo. / Resectable pancreatic cancer : Who really benefits from resection?. In: Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2009 ; Vol. 16, No. 12. pp. 3316-3322.
@article{0cc5fb81110147f7a57fc07db86cc8c8,
title = "Resectable pancreatic cancer: Who really benefits from resection?",
abstract = "Background: The 1-year disease-related mortality after resection for pancreatic cancer is approximately 30%. This study examined potential preoperative parameters that would help avoid unnecessary surgery. Methods: Among the patients resected at our institution from 1997 to 2006, a total of 228 underwent pancreatic resection for ductal adenocarcinoma. By means of a survival cutoff of 12 months, two groups were created: early death (ED) and long survivors. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify perioperative predictors of ED. Results: Among 228 resected patients, postoperative mortality occurred in four cases (1.8%) that were excluded from the study. In the remaining 224 patients, 43 (19.2%) died of disease within 12 months from surgery (ED), and the remaining 181 (80.8%) had a longer survival. Multivariate analysis selected duration of preoperative symptoms >40 days, CA 19-9 > 200 U/mL, pathological grading G3-G4, and R2 resection as independent predictors of ED. Conclusions: Duration of symptoms, CA 19-9 serum level, and pathological grading possibly retrieved by endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy can be preoperatively used to identify patients with disease that is not suitable for up-front surgery, even if deemed resectable by high-quality imaging.",
author = "Giuliano Barugola and Stefano Partelli and Stefano Marcucci and Nora Sartori and Paola Capelli and Claudio Bassi and Paolo Pederzoli and Massimo Falconi",
journal = "Annals of Surgical Oncology",
publisher = "Springer New York LLC",
T1 - Resectable pancreatic cancer
T2 - Who really benefits from resection?
AU - Barugola, Giuliano
AU - Partelli, Stefano
AU - Marcucci, Stefano
AU - Sartori, Nora
AU - Capelli, Paola
AU - Bassi, Claudio
AU - Pederzoli, Paolo
AU - Falconi, Massimo
N2 - Background: The 1-year disease-related mortality after resection for pancreatic cancer is approximately 30%. This study examined potential preoperative parameters that would help avoid unnecessary surgery. Methods: Among the patients resected at our institution from 1997 to 2006, a total of 228 underwent pancreatic resection for ductal adenocarcinoma. By means of a survival cutoff of 12 months, two groups were created: early death (ED) and long survivors. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify perioperative predictors of ED. Results: Among 228 resected patients, postoperative mortality occurred in four cases (1.8%) that were excluded from the study. In the remaining 224 patients, 43 (19.2%) died of disease within 12 months from surgery (ED), and the remaining 181 (80.8%) had a longer survival. Multivariate analysis selected duration of preoperative symptoms >40 days, CA 19-9 > 200 U/mL, pathological grading G3-G4, and R2 resection as independent predictors of ED. Conclusions: Duration of symptoms, CA 19-9 serum level, and pathological grading possibly retrieved by endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy can be preoperatively used to identify patients with disease that is not suitable for up-front surgery, even if deemed resectable by high-quality imaging.
AB - Background: The 1-year disease-related mortality after resection for pancreatic cancer is approximately 30%. This study examined potential preoperative parameters that would help avoid unnecessary surgery. Methods: Among the patients resected at our institution from 1997 to 2006, a total of 228 underwent pancreatic resection for ductal adenocarcinoma. By means of a survival cutoff of 12 months, two groups were created: early death (ED) and long survivors. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify perioperative predictors of ED. Results: Among 228 resected patients, postoperative mortality occurred in four cases (1.8%) that were excluded from the study. In the remaining 224 patients, 43 (19.2%) died of disease within 12 months from surgery (ED), and the remaining 181 (80.8%) had a longer survival. Multivariate analysis selected duration of preoperative symptoms >40 days, CA 19-9 > 200 U/mL, pathological grading G3-G4, and R2 resection as independent predictors of ED. Conclusions: Duration of symptoms, CA 19-9 serum level, and pathological grading possibly retrieved by endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy can be preoperatively used to identify patients with disease that is not suitable for up-front surgery, even if deemed resectable by high-quality imaging.
JO - Annals of Surgical Oncology
JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology


text:
YO! Liverpool
Liverpool The Pool of Life
Liverpool Memories
Liverpool: A City on Screen
Thread: Liverpool: A City on Screen
Kensington, Liverpool
City's film archive goes online
Rare film footage of Liverpool during the early 1900s is being made available online.
The films show everyday life in
different parts of Liverpool
It is believed the city becomes the first to have its own archive section on a new website called Screenonline.
The resource includes contemporary as well as historical film footage and some TV programmes.
The site was developed by the British Film Institute to coincide with the city's year-long celebration as European Capital of Culture.
Amanda Nevill, Director of the BFI, said: "Archive film has such potency in its ability to teach us about ourselves, to show us who we are and where we have come from.
"Liverpool is among the most filmed cities in the UK and you only have to look at the films and television programmes on Liverpool: A City on Screen to see why.
"This incredible material presents a penetrating observation of everyday life as seen by different generations over the past 100 years and it reveals much about how this great city has become what it is today."
All the footage on Liverpool has been sourced from the BFI National Archive and the North West Film Archive, as well as from individual collectors and private donors.
Highlights of the collection include City Symphony - A Day in Liverpool, a film specially commissioned in 1929 to tell the story of a typical working day in the city.
A number of titles from the recently rediscovered Mitchell and Kenyon collection of films from the early 1900s including the docks and a football match are also among the films.
Source: BBC NEWS | Merseyside
shytalk
Pocahontas.Arkansas. U.S.A.
It says it is only available to schools.
You can always count on Americans to do the right thing - after they've tried everything else.
macateb
It is also available within UK libraries that have registered their IP address.
Originally Posted by shytalk
And universities - should help pass the time at work!
Good for you Howie, not much good for me though.
The films show everyday life in different parts of Liverpool
Just spent the last hour checking out a few of the video clips. There is some excellent footage of Liverpool's past. If you can get access to this website anywhere I highly recommend that you pay it a visit.
knowhowe
Chester UK
"You do not have access to video and audio
Screenonline video and audio content is only available through registered UK schools, colleges, universities and libraries".
Why??
Chester: a Virtual Stroll Around the Walls-
http://www.chesterwalls.info
The Liverpool Gallery-
http://www.chesterwalls.info/gallery/liverpool.html
The Chester Shop
http://www.thechestershop.com
Chester & Liverpool Guided Walks
http://www.chesterwalls.info/guidedwalks.html
Re-member
Here, there & everywhere.
I've already got some of those films. Who cares is avaialble in full of youtube or via my website below. Homes for the workers is available on the pool dvd from the records office.
www.inacityliving.piczo.com/
Updated weekly with old and new pics.
drone_pilot
Location Kensington
How stupid not making it avalable to everyone.
Last edited by drone_pilot; 04-30-2008 at 12:36 PM.
multi multa; nemo omnia novit
Liverpool's historic films archive online
by Samantha Parker, Liverpool Echo
FILMS chronicling the history of Liverpool are now available online.
Launched yesterday, Screen Online Liverpool is a unique resource which celebrates the city's rich history in film and television.
By logging onto www.screenonline.org.uk/liverpool you can see the wealth of films available dating back to the early part of the last century.
BFI director Amanda Nevill said: "Film has never been more important.
"Most of what we learn today comes from the moving image."
Source: Liverpool Echo
naked lilac
Hawaii, USA
Very impressive that your City has kept Liverpool in History for the World to see.. Ta !
folkiesue
Born and bred in Liverpool
Screenonline
You do indeed have to subscribe to this resource, either from a school, FE college or university. In my own institution I have looked at the site and it is really intersting and informative. In my opinion this footage should be freely available to everyone - it is our heritage after all and why should it be only available to those privileged to have access. If anyone from the BFI or other such authority is reading this, there any chance of this happening, I wonder??
Birth of the Railways Exhibition
The birth of the railways
By Paul Coslett
As the Walker Art Gallery opens an exhibition entitiled Art in the Age of Steam, find out how Liverpool gave birth to the passenger railway.
The romance of the early days of train travel is portrayed in a new exhibition at the Walker Art Gallery.
It's fitting that the exhibition should be in Liverpool which was the birthplace of passenger rail when the first train ran between the city and Manchester in 1830.
The railway was conceived as a way of boosting the economy of both cities which were closely tied by the trade that passed through the port of Liverpool and on to Manchester.
The only other reliable connection between Liverpool and Manchester was by canal via the Mersey and Irwell Navigation and the Bridgewater Canal, a fact not lost on the canal owners who vehemently opposed the building of the new railway.
Raw textiles passed through Liverpool on the way to the factories of Manchester and the railway was designed to provide a cheaper form of transportation for the materials
Railway construction
The Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company was established in 1823 and over the next few years lobbied hard for parliamentary approval to build the line.
George Stephenson, an engineer from Northumberland, was appointed to construct the railway.
One of the biggest problems faced by Stephenson was the construction of the line across Chat Moss a treacherous area of bog west of Manchester.
The line opened in 1830.
Work on Chat Moss was slow, it wasn't possible to drain the area so Stephenson sunk foundations of heather and wood down in to the bog, sometimes for weeks until he was satisfied they were firm enough to run trains over.
The line was 35 miles in length and included 64 bridges and viaducts.
The Liverpool terminus of the line is now Lime Street Station but the original line stopped at Crown Street form where trains were pulled up to Edge Hill by rope.
A station in Liverpool city centre only became a reality with the opening of Lime Street in 1836.
Land for the station, built on an old cattle market, was purchased in 1833, the current station is the third to stand on the site.
As the line neared completion a competition was held for a design of locomotives to pull the carriages.
Taking place on a completed section of line at Rainhill, the Rainhill trials in October 1929, saw George Stephenson triumph with his engine, The Rocket.
Tragedy strikes
The railway opened on Wednesday, 15 September, 1830, in a lavish ceremony attended by the Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington and assorted dignitaries.
Amongst the first passengers was Liverpool MP William Huskisson, who tragically would not complete the journey to Manchester.
While his train stopped at Parkside station near Newton-le-Willows, Huskisson left his carriage to speak to the Duke of Wellington.
As he was talking The Rocket approached along the parallel track, panicked and confused, Huskisson fell back in to the engine's path.
He was rushed by train to the vicarage at Eccles where a few hours later he died - the world's first railway passenger death.
Huskisson is commemorated by a tomb in St James Cemetery in the shadow of Liverpool's Anglican Cathedral and in a trackside memorial close to Parkside station.
Art in the Age of Steam is at Liverpool's Walker Art Gallery until 10 August, 2008.
Quick Navigation Liverpool Memories Top
YO! Liverpool Contributors
Kev's Liverpool History and Pictures
Bob Edwards' Liverpool Picture Book
Colin Wilkinson's Streets of Liverpool
Ant Hogan's Wartime Remembrance
Dazza's Liverpool History
Other Guest Posts
Liverpool Cultural Champions
Ged Fagan's In A City Living
Keith Jones' Liverpool: Then and Now
John Reppion's Cabinet of Curiosities
Christopher T. George
Liverpool and Merseyside's Story
Liverpool History and Heritage Discussion
Liverpool's Road and Rail Development
Work and Industry in Liverpool
Liverpool Firsts, Facts and Achievements
Liverpool Folklore and Oddities
Misc. Old Photographs & Images of Liverpool
Old Liverpool Books
Liverpool City of Architecture
Architecture in Liverpool Discussion
Early Architectural Survivals in Liverpool
Liverpool City Center Architecture
Architecture in Liverpool Suburbs
In My Liverpool Home
Liverpool People Discussion
Cultures and Communities in Liverpool
Scouser Hall of Fame
Liverpool Ex-Pats
Liverpool Sailors
Liverpool Soldiers & Airmen
Liverpool Genealogy and People Search
Liverpool's Environment
Liverpool's Environment Chat
Liverpool's Maritime and Docklands
Liverpool Conservation
Liverpool Streets and Areas
Liverpool Parks and Grounds
Exploring Merseyside
Liverpool People
Liverpool Picture Of The Day
Picture of the Day 2007
Liverpool Districts
Liverpool District Chat
Liverpool's North East Edge
Liverpool East
Liverpool City Center
Liverpool South Central
Wider Merseyside
Liverpool Development Archive
Liverpool Developments Chat
Liverpool City Center - Inner Zones
Liverpool City Center - Outer Zones
Liverpool City Suburbs
Greater Liverpool
« old maps of site of the Royal Liverpool hospital | Bingo Clubs - Merseyside »
Liverpool ONE City
By Peter McGurk in forum Liverpool Developments Chat
Yellow Duck Marine Tour 55 Minute Amphibious City Sightseeing Tour of Liverpool's Historic Waterfront, City and Docks
By Kev in forum Liverpool's Maritime and Docklands
Europe's Biggest Screen For St John's Precinct?
By Paul D in forum Liverpool Streets and Areas
capital of culture, city, great, images, liverpool, media, merseyside, national, private, today
-- vB4 Default Style -- Metro Mobile Blue
YO! Liverpool Home Page
© 2005 - 2017, YO! Liverpool Created By Kev Keegan - All Images © Liverpool Record Office Unless Stated Otherwise.
For daily updates, to support us further or to join in the conversation: Follow us on Twitter @YOLiverpool / Like our Facebook Page: @yoliverpoolpics / Join the Facebook Group: YO! Liverpool Pictures
× Thanks for coming to the web site. Support our future by turning off your Ad-Blocker or consider a donation via PayPal or Credit Card!


The no.1 property board game based on the hit series, Game of Thrones! Trade and invest in the locations from the show. Collect your monopoly money and take your place on the iron throne with Monopoly Game of Thrones.
Featuring custom Game of Thrones packaging, stunning game design, and large, hand-sculpted custom tokens, Monopoly Game of Thrones will transport fans into a world of intrigue, valor, and betrayal.
After all, when you play the Monopoly Game of Thrones you win, or you go bankrupt!
Monopoly Game of Thrones includes a custom game board featuring Westeros, awaiting your rule. Player tokens are a Crown, Direwolf, Dragon Egg, The Iron Throne, Three-Eyed Raven and a White Walker . Monopoly Game of Thrones money features the symbols of Westeros and Essos. The traditional MONOPOLY "Chance" and "Community Chest" cards are transformed into "Valar Morghulis" and "The Iron Throne" cards and include directives both fair and foul and traditional Houses and Hotels are transformed into Custom Villages and Keeps.
Are you ready to rule from the Iron Throne?


PAKISTAN – Badin - A team of experts is being sent to the Vidhri Chak area of Wango town on Thursday to examine a number of statues and other objects said to have been discovered during the digging of earth along the Hakro River's dried bed by a group of villagers last week. The villagers showed the discoveries — which include brass and stone statues and coins — to some local antiquities buffs, Khalid Kumbhar, Bharoo Mal, Mir Buledi and others, who said the objects seemed to be of historical importance and must be examined by experts to establish their age and origin. They were of the view that the artefacts might be of the ancient Hakro civilisation.
USA – Jamestown - A team of archaeologists from Preservation Virginia has been at work since 1994 uncovering the buried secrets of Jamestown. When the Jamestown Rediscovery Archaeological Project started, the hope was to find the site of the original 1607 James Fort, which had been written off for more than 200 years as lost to shoreline erosion. Since then, the team has discovered the fort and more than a million artifacts in the ground. The Jamestown Rediscovery team continues to make progress excavating a cellar that was once part of a building immediately outside of the perimeter of the original James Fort. Staff archaeologists have officially confirmed a structure inside the cellar is in fact a well, and they anticipate excavation will begin in the spring. Senior archaeologist Danny Schmidt believes this well may be similar in several ways to the one found inside the boundaries of the fort. Though the latter was an open-air well – as opposed to being indoors and in a cellar – both appear to be square in shape and similarly lined to prevent mud leaking into the water supply. Another ongoing investigation at the site of the cellar involves the use of a mobile x-ray florescence analyzer, which Bruker Elemental and Keifer Analytical Incorporated are loaning to the researchers for free. he analyzer is being used to take readings from the different levels of soil that form a wall around the cellar. It sends x-rays into the face of the excavation, and the presence of different elements sends back different luminescence "fingerprints," according to Dave Kiefer, owner of Kiefer Analytical Inc., and Virginia representative for Bruker Elemental. This technology is commonly used on artifacts to determine more about their make-up without having to break off pieces for more invasive analysis. It is used somewhat less frequently on soil readings, but it is still a valuable tool for confirming some of the previous conclusions archaeologists have drawn as they have studied the soil layers.
ITALIE – Pompei - New photography and laser scan technologies are being employed to help with the latest excavations at the ancient city of Pompeii which are focused on the Republican Baths, the fifth and possibly oldest thermal bath structure identified in the archaeological site. In the first century AD, around the time of the Vesuvius eruption which buried the city, the building that held these ancient baths fell into disuse and was incorporated into private residences, such as the House of Lime and the House of the Red Walls. In 1950, the archaeologist Amedeo Maiuri documented its layout, but then no further efforts were made to pursue excavation of the site, which had been entirely covered by earth and vegetation. Thanks to a new project by the University of Berlin, in collaboration with Oxford University and supported by Pompeii authorities, a two-phase study of the site is now underway. The first phase, carried out in March, involved a general cleaning of the area and an architectural survey. The second phase, a three-week period of excavation which ended in recent days, aimed to investigate how the architecture and technologies used in thermal baths had evolved over time. The Republican Baths, which are documented among the oldest of their kind in Pompeii, were an experimental construction preceding the nearby Stabian baths which represent a perfect model of the traditional spa complex.Confirmation that the Republican baths are in fact an older structure could be found in the presence of ventilated underground cavities that created a room for hot air to heat the thermal baths, consisting of a series of parallel channels, instead of the traditional system of columns of bricks that were more commonly used in Roman baths. Investigations were focused on the sauna and the furnace within the baths, which are among the earliest examples from the transitional phase from the Greek to the Roman model. The aim is to specify their chronological development and operations. Aside from the excavation work, a new map of the area has been created as well as a survey of the site using photographic and laser scan technology.
TURQUIE – Patara - In Kaş district of Mediterranean province of Antalya, excavation works of this year in ancient site of Patara has been recently concluded. Ancient Site of Patara, known as the capital of ancient Lycian Union, has been under excavation works carried out by Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Akdeniz University Archaeology Department. A team led by Professor Şevket Aktaş has conducted works for 2,5 months this year, within excavation having been endured in the last 27 years. This year's works have mostly focused on Acropolis and Basilica. While works unearthed significant details regarding the architecture of Helenistic era in Tepecik Acropolis, Basilica works revealed southern nave and the workshops belonging to the late era. Also, a trifoliate planed door providing access to the church was brought to light. Excavation works included classification and take of inventory of the artefacts. Accordingly protection works were resumed in ancient watercourse and water reservoirs.
INDE – Kollur - An inscription of Vijayanagara King Bukkaraya I has been discovered near Kollur in Udupi district. This is said to be the earliest inscription of Bukkaraya found in Udupi till date. The 24 line epigraph written in Kannada script and language was found at Santegadde of Ellur village near Kollur. The inscription records a donation made for 'Rudra Pooja,' of Kotiswara Deva and dates back to Saka Era 1275 corresponding to 1353 AD. "The inscription refers to Veera Bukkanna Odiya (Bukkaraya I of Sangama Dynasty) with usual epithets like 'ariraya vibhada' and 'bhasege tappada rayara ganda'. This is probably the earliest inscription of Vijayanagara King Bukkaraya found in Udupi district till date. It is also the most ancient Vijayanagara record discovered in Kollur region till date," MSRS College Department of History and Archeology head Prof T Murugeshi told Deccan Chronicle. "There are several inscriptions of Bukkaraya in the district. But this is the earliest one found in Udupi district till now," he asserted. Murugeshi also throws light on some of the words and names used in the inscription that would help in constructing rehistory of the region. "The inscription refers to Tamma Hegade of Edava Kolli. The Edava Kolli mentioned here could probably be the archaic name for Kollur. The inscription refers to one 'Maleya Danayaka,' as Pradhani or Prime Minister. History knows him as the governor of Barakuru. But this inscription mentions him as Prime Minister," he notes. Two new subordinate rulers or 'Mandalikas' of Vijayanagara Kings- Tamma Hegade of Maramundi and Edava Kolli too are mentioned in the inscription.


B. Regular intake of one or more combination-analgesic medications1,2 on ≥10 days/month for >3 months.
1. The term combination-analgesic is used specifically for formulations combining drugs of two or more classes, each with analgesic effect or acting as adjuvants.
2. The combination-analgesic(s) will usually be specified in parenthesis.
Many combination-analgesics are marketed. They tend to be widely used by people with headache, and are very commonly implicated in medication-overuse headache. For this reason, 8.2.5 Combination-analgesic-overuse headache has a separate coding.
The most commonly overused combination-analgesics are tablets combining simple analgesics with opioids, butalbital and/or caffeine.


© FIP 2018. Reproduced with the permission of the publisher. © FIP All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in any retrieval system or transcribed by any form or means - electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without citation of the source. FIP shall not be held liable for any damages incurred resulting from the use of any data and information from this report. All measures have been taken to ensure accuracy of the data and information presented in this report.
Breen L, Urban R and Zaman H (2018) United Kingdom: Brief overview of the health supply chain in the country. In: Pharmacists in the supply chain; the role of the medicines expert in ensuring quality and availability. The Hague, Netherlands; International Pharmceutical Federation (FIP) pp 58-62.


Navajo Floral Ring – Lost Season Supply Co.
This sterling silver ring has a cast leaf, flower, stamped silver drops and curly Q's. It measures approximately 1 5/16" long by 5/8" wide.
Handcrafted by Navajo artisan Bobby Becenti.


text:
Kurt Wolff (ur. 6 lutego 1895 w Greifswaldzie, zm. 15 września 1917 w okolicach Moorslede) – as lotnictwa niemieckiego z 33 zwycięstwami w I wojnie światowej.

Życiorys
Urodził się w Greifswaldzie na Pomorzu. W dzieciństwie został osierocony i wychowywany był przez rodzinę w Kłajpedzie.

Służbę wojskową rozpoczął w wieku 17 lat w 1912 roku jako kadet w 4 pułku kolejowym. W 1914 roku uzyskał awans na podporucznika, a w czerwcu 1915 został przydzielony do lotnictwa. Szkolenie lotnicze odbył w Fliegerersatz Abteilung Nr. 1 w w Adlershof. W końcu 1915 roku uzyskał patent pilota i został przydzielony jednostek walczących pod Verdun, a następnie nad Sommą. Przydzielony 5 listopada 1916 roku do eskadry myśliwskiej Jasty 11. Po objęciu dowództwa przez Manfreda von Richthofena w styczniu 1917 Kurt Wolff odniósł swoje pierwsze zwycięstwo powietrzne 6 marca 1917 roku nad samolotem B.E.2d. W ciągu kilku następnych miesięcy jego konto zwiększyło się do 29 zwycięstw. Na początku maja 1917 roku został mianowany dowódcą eskadry Jagdstaffel 29. Po objęciu przez Manfreda von Richthofena dowództwa nad nowo utworzoną jednostką taktyczną Jagdgeschwader Nr. 1 składającej się czterech eskadr Jagdstaffel 4, 6, 10 i 11, Kurt Wolff powrócił do swojej macierzystej jednostki i objął jej dowództwo. Po kilku dniach został ranny w czasie walki. Po powrocie ze szpitala ponownie objął dowództwo jednostki i zaczął latać na jednym z pierwszych trójpłatowców w jednostce Fokkerze Dr I. W dniu 11 września w czasie kolejnej akcji bojowej Kurt Wolff został zestrzelony przez innego asa myśliwskiego, Anglika Normana MacGregora, lecącego na samolocie Sopwith Camel w okolicach Moorslede nad Belgią.

Odznaczenia
 Pour le Mérite – 4 maja 1917
 Królewski Order Rodu Hohenzollernów – 26 kwietnia 1917
 Krzyż Żelazny I klasy
 Krzyż Żelazny II klasy
 Wojskowy Order Zasługi IV klasy z Mieczami (Bawaria)

Bibliografia

Asy myśliwskie Niemiec I wojny światowej
Lotnicy odznaczeni Krzyżem Żelaznym
Odznaczeni wojskowym Orderem Pour le Mérite
Odznaczeni Orderem Hohenzollernów
Odznaczeni Orderem Zasługi Wojskowej (Bawaria)
Ludzie urodzeni w Greifswaldzie
Urodzeni w 1895
Zmarli w 1917
Ofiary I wojny światowej