A new series of events explores the complex relationship between art and education in the UK since the 1960s. The three talks are organised by Elena Crippa (Curator, Tate Britain) and Nicoletta Lambertucci (Curator, DRAF).
Prof. Catherine Elwes (artist and Professor of Moving Image Art, Chelsea College of Art), Prof. Lisa Tickner (Visiting Professor at The Courtauld Institute of Art) and Amy Tobin (Doctoral Researcher, University of York) discuss the history of the art school from a female perspective and the limits of an institution traditionally shaped and dominated by men.
A London Underground strike is expected on 6 May, but DRAF is easily reached by buses including numbers 24, 27, 29, 88, 134, 214, 253.
Andrew Brighton (art critic and writer, formally Senior Curator Public Events, Tate Modern) and Victoria Walsh (Head of Curating Contemporary Art Programme, Royal College of Art) discuss their roles and experiences across art schools and public museums.
Artists Aaron Angell, Celia Hempton and Cally Spooner imagine their own ideal public programmes through the lenses of their diverse artistic practices. Each will present personal responses to art and education, bringing their individual experiences to the discourse. The talks will be followed by a Q&A session.
Elena Crippa recently joined Tate Britain as Curator, Modern and Contemporary British Art. Previously she was co-Pathway Leader on the MRes Art: Exhibition Studies at Central Saint Martins, UAL.
Aaron Angell (b. 1987) is an artist living and working in London. He recently presented Woman expecting triplets returning home from the cinema: Aaron Angell and Jack Bilbo at SWG3, Glasgow, 2013, and is preparing a solo exhibition at Studio Voltaire, London in 2015. Recent group shows include pool: Kunst aus London at Kestnergesellschaft, Hanover; Die Marmory Show, Deborah Schamoni, Munich, 2014 and BRITISH BRITISH POLISH POLISH: Art from Europe's Edges in the Long '90s and Today, CSW Ujadowski Zamek, Warsaw, 2013.
Andrew Brighton was formally Senior Curator: Public Events at Tate Modern and has taught at the Royal College of Art, Goldsmiths' College and the London Consortium. As well as art criticism, his publications include essays on cultural policy and the rise of management. He recently published 'Valuing modernism: prejudices, markets, traditionalism, future-value, criticism, ethics' in Critical Quarterly of which he is a contributing editor. He is currently working on a graphic novel with Catherine Brighton.
Catherine Elwes is a video artist, writer, teacher and curator who was active in the feminist art movement in the late 1970s. She co-curated the exhibitions Women's Images of Men and About Time, 1980, ICA, London. Throughout the 1980s her work and writings continued to explore time–based media in general and feminist themes. Elwes is the author of Video Loupe (K.T. Press, 2000) and Video Art, a guided tour (I.B.Tauris, 2005) and her writings have appeared in books, journals, exhibition catalogues and periodicals. She is currently writing Installation and the Moving Image and Landscape and the Moving Image for Wallflower Press. Elwes is Professor of Moving Image Art at Chelsea College of Arts, University of the Arts London, and Founding Editor of the Moving Image Review & Art Journal (MIRAJ).
Celia Hempton (b. 1981) is an artist living and working in London. She graduated from Glasgow School of Art in 2003, from the Royal College of Art in 2007, and from 2008-2010 she studied at the British School at Rome. She has exhibited recently at the Kunstverein, Aachen, 2013; Lorcan O'Neill, Rome, 2014; Southard Reid, London, 2013 and Galerie Sultana, Paris, 2014. Group shows include OhWow Gallery, Los Angeles, 2014; Cell Project Space, 2014, David Roberts Art Foundation, 2013, the Moving Museum, 2013 and Studio Voltaire, London, 2012. This summer she has been awarded residencies at Civitella Ranieri Foundation and Villa Lena Italy, and will be participating in the Fiorucci Art Trust's Forget Amnesia in Stromboli.
Cally Spooner (b. 1983) is an artist living and working in London. Using theory, philosophers, current affairs and pop cultural figures as alibis to help her write, and casts of arguing characters to help her perform, Spooner produces plotless novellas, disjunctive theatre plays, looping monologues and musical arrangements to stage the movement and behaviour of speech. Recent work has explored how high performance economies have affected speaking as a live, undetermined event. Her work includes writing, film, live performance, and broadcasting. Spooner's productions have been presented at Tate Modern, London, 2014; Performa 13, New York, 2013; Kunstverein Munich, 2014; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 2013; Kunsthal Charlottenburg, Copenhagen, 2013; KW Institute, Berlin, 2013; Wysing Art Centre, UK, 2012; Jeu De Paume, Paris, 2013; Serpentine Gallery, London, 2012. Cally Spooner is a recipient of the Paul Hamlyn Foundation Awards for Artists 2013.
Lisa Tickner is Visiting Professor at the Courtauld Institute of Art and Professor Emerita of Art History, Middlesex University. Her books include The Spectacle of Women: Imagery of the Suffrage Campaign, 1907-1914 (1988), Modern Life and Modern Subjects: British Art in the Early Twentieth Century(2000), and Hornsey 1968: The Art School Revolution (2008). She was an art student in the 1960s, and has taught art and art history students for more than forty years.
Amy Tobin in a researcher in the history of art department at the University of York. Her PhD, supervised by Dr Jo Applin, concentrates on the dynamics of collaboration between artists influenced by feminism in Britain and the United States in the 1970s and early 1980s.
Victoria Walsh is Head of the Curating Contemporary Art Programme at the Royal College of Art. Previously she was Head of Public Programmes at Tate Britain (2005-11) during which time she was involved in the creation of the Tate Research Department and secured Tate's first major AHRC-funded project 'Tate Encounters' along with the museum's first three collaborative doctoral awards. She is currently Director of the RCA's major EU- MeLA funded project on 'Curatorial and Artistic Research', in collaboration with four European museums, and is Principal Investigator of a new RCA / Tate research project 'Cultural Value and the Digital'.
1/4Cally Spooner, He's in a Great Place!, 2014. As part of BMW Tate Live: Performance Room, Tate Modern. Photo: Oliver Cowling for Tate Photography. Copyright Tate, London, 2014.
2/4Art School: Another History. 6 May 2014. Elena Crippa, Catherine Elwes, Lisa Tickner and Amy Tobin.
3/4Museum Education and Public Programmes: From Object to Discourse. 13 May, 2014. Elena Crippa, Andrew Brighton and Victoria Walsh.
4/4Aaron Angell, Misericord 1, 2014. Poster, napkins, 55 x 70 cm. Courtesy: the artist.


text:
package com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui;

import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.Batch;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShapeRenderer;
import com.badlogic.gdx.math.Rectangle;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Actor;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Touchable;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.Value.Fixed;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.Cullable;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.Drawable;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.Layout;
import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.Align;
import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.Null;

/** A group with a single child that sizes and positions the child using constraints. This provides layout similar to a
 * {@link Table} with a single cell but is more lightweight.
 * @author Nathan Sweet */
public class Container<T extends Actor> extends WidgetGroup {
	private @Null T actor;
	private Value minWidth = Value.minWidth, minHeight = Value.minHeight;
	private Value prefWidth = Value.prefWidth, prefHeight = Value.prefHeight;
	private Value maxWidth = Value.zero, maxHeight = Value.zero;
	private Value padTop = Value.zero, padLeft = Value.zero, padBottom = Value.zero, padRight = Value.zero;
	private float fillX, fillY;
	private int align;
	private @Null Drawable background;
	private boolean clip;
	private boolean round = true;

	/** Creates a container with no actor. */
	public Container () {
		setTouchable(Touchable.childrenOnly);
		setTransform(false);
	}

	public Container (@Null T actor) {
		this();
		setActor(actor);
	}

	public void draw (Batch batch, float parentAlpha) {
		validate();
		if (isTransform()) {
			applyTransform(batch, computeTransform());
			drawBackground(batch, parentAlpha, 0, 0);
			if (clip) {
				batch.flush();
				float padLeft = this.padLeft.get(this), padBottom = this.padBottom.get(this);
				if (clipBegin(padLeft, padBottom, getWidth() - padLeft - padRight.get(this),
					getHeight() - padBottom - padTop.get(this))) {
					drawChildren(batch, parentAlpha);
					batch.flush();
					clipEnd();
				}
			} else
				drawChildren(batch, parentAlpha);
			resetTransform(batch);
		} else {
			drawBackground(batch, parentAlpha, getX(), getY());
			super.draw(batch, parentAlpha);
		}
	}

	/** Called to draw the background, before clipping is applied (if enabled). Default implementation draws the background
	 * drawable. */
	protected void drawBackground (Batch batch, float parentAlpha, float x, float y) {
		if (background == null) return;
		Color color = getColor();
		batch.setColor(color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a * parentAlpha);
		background.draw(batch, x, y, getWidth(), getHeight());
	}

	/** Sets the background drawable and adjusts the container's padding to match the background.
	 * @see #setBackground(Drawable, boolean) */
	public void setBackground (@Null Drawable background) {
		setBackground(background, true);
	}

	/** Sets the background drawable and, if adjustPadding is true, sets the container's padding to
	 * {@link Drawable#getBottomHeight()} , {@link Drawable#getTopHeight()}, {@link Drawable#getLeftWidth()}, and
	 * {@link Drawable#getRightWidth()}.
	 * @param background If null, the background will be cleared and padding removed. */
	public void setBackground (@Null Drawable background, boolean adjustPadding) {
		if (this.background == background) return;
		this.background = background;
		if (adjustPadding) {
			if (background == null)
				pad(Value.zero);
			else
				pad(background.getTopHeight(), background.getLeftWidth(), background.getBottomHeight(), background.getRightWidth());
			invalidate();
		}
	}

	/** @see #setBackground(Drawable) */
	public Container<T> background (@Null Drawable background) {
		setBackground(background);
		return this;
	}

	public @Null Drawable getBackground () {
		return background;
	}

	public void layout () {
		if (actor == null) return;

		float padLeft = this.padLeft.get(this), padBottom = this.padBottom.get(this);
		float containerWidth = getWidth() - padLeft - padRight.get(this);
		float containerHeight = getHeight() - padBottom - padTop.get(this);
		float minWidth = this.minWidth.get(actor), minHeight = this.minHeight.get(actor);
		float prefWidth = this.prefWidth.get(actor), prefHeight = this.prefHeight.get(actor);
		float maxWidth = this.maxWidth.get(actor), maxHeight = this.maxHeight.get(actor);

		float width;
		if (fillX > 0)
			width = containerWidth * fillX;
		else
			width = Math.min(prefWidth, containerWidth);
		if (width < minWidth) width = minWidth;
		if (maxWidth > 0 && width > maxWidth) width = maxWidth;

		float height;
		if (fillY > 0)
			height = containerHeight * fillY;
		else
			height = Math.min(prefHeight, containerHeight);
		if (height < minHeight) height = minHeight;
		if (maxHeight > 0 && height > maxHeight) height = maxHeight;

		float x = padLeft;
		if ((align & Align.right) != 0)
			x += containerWidth - width;
		else if ((align & Align.left) == 0) // center
			x += (containerWidth - width) / 2;

		float y = padBottom;
		if ((align & Align.top) != 0)
			y += containerHeight - height;
		else if ((align & Align.bottom) == 0) // center
			y += (containerHeight - height) / 2;

		if (round) {
			x = Math.round(x);
			y = Math.round(y);
			width = Math.round(width);
			height = Math.round(height);
		}

		actor.setBounds(x, y, width, height);
		if (actor instanceof Layout) ((Layout)actor).validate();
	}

	public void setCullingArea (Rectangle cullingArea) {
		super.setCullingArea(cullingArea);
		if (fillX == 1 && fillY == 1 && actor instanceof Cullable) ((Cullable)actor).setCullingArea(cullingArea);
	}

	/** @param actor May be null. */
	public void setActor (@Null T actor) {
		if (actor == this) throw new IllegalArgumentException("actor cannot be the Container.");
		if (actor == this.actor) return;
		if (this.actor != null) super.removeActor(this.actor);
		this.actor = actor;
		if (actor != null) super.addActor(actor);
	}

	/** @return May be null. */
	public @Null T getActor () {
		return actor;
	}

	/** @deprecated Container may have only a single child.
	 * @see #setActor(Actor) */
	@Deprecated
	public void addActor (Actor actor) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Use Container#setActor.");
	}

	/** @deprecated Container may have only a single child.
	 * @see #setActor(Actor) */
	@Deprecated
	public void addActorAt (int index, Actor actor) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Use Container#setActor.");
	}

	/** @deprecated Container may have only a single child.
	 * @see #setActor(Actor) */
	@Deprecated
	public void addActorBefore (Actor actorBefore, Actor actor) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Use Container#setActor.");
	}

	/** @deprecated Container may have only a single child.
	 * @see #setActor(Actor) */
	@Deprecated
	public void addActorAfter (Actor actorAfter, Actor actor) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Use Container#setActor.");
	}

	public boolean removeActor (Actor actor) {
		if (actor == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("actor cannot be null.");
		if (actor != this.actor) return false;
		setActor(null);
		return true;
	}

	public boolean removeActor (Actor actor, boolean unfocus) {
		if (actor == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("actor cannot be null.");
		if (actor != this.actor) return false;
		this.actor = null;
		return super.removeActor(actor, unfocus);
	}

	public Actor removeActorAt (int index, boolean unfocus) {
		Actor actor = super.removeActorAt(index, unfocus);
		if (actor == this.actor) this.actor = null;
		return actor;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth, prefWidth, maxWidth, minHeight, prefHeight, and maxHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> size (Value size) {
		if (size == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("size cannot be null.");
		minWidth = size;
		minHeight = size;
		prefWidth = size;
		prefHeight = size;
		maxWidth = size;
		maxHeight = size;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth, prefWidth, maxWidth, minHeight, prefHeight, and maxHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> size (Value width, Value height) {
		if (width == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width cannot be null.");
		if (height == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height cannot be null.");
		minWidth = width;
		minHeight = height;
		prefWidth = width;
		prefHeight = height;
		maxWidth = width;
		maxHeight = height;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth, prefWidth, maxWidth, minHeight, prefHeight, and maxHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> size (float size) {
		size(Fixed.valueOf(size));
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth, prefWidth, maxWidth, minHeight, prefHeight, and maxHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> size (float width, float height) {
		size(Fixed.valueOf(width), Fixed.valueOf(height));
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth, prefWidth, and maxWidth to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> width (Value width) {
		if (width == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width cannot be null.");
		minWidth = width;
		prefWidth = width;
		maxWidth = width;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth, prefWidth, and maxWidth to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> width (float width) {
		width(Fixed.valueOf(width));
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minHeight, prefHeight, and maxHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> height (Value height) {
		if (height == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height cannot be null.");
		minHeight = height;
		prefHeight = height;
		maxHeight = height;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minHeight, prefHeight, and maxHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> height (float height) {
		height(Fixed.valueOf(height));
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth and minHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> minSize (Value size) {
		if (size == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("size cannot be null.");
		minWidth = size;
		minHeight = size;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth and minHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> minSize (Value width, Value height) {
		if (width == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width cannot be null.");
		if (height == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height cannot be null.");
		minWidth = width;
		minHeight = height;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> minWidth (Value minWidth) {
		if (minWidth == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("minWidth cannot be null.");
		this.minWidth = minWidth;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> minHeight (Value minHeight) {
		if (minHeight == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("minHeight cannot be null.");
		this.minHeight = minHeight;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth and minHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> minSize (float size) {
		minSize(Fixed.valueOf(size));
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the minWidth and minHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> minSize (float width, float height) {
		minSize(Fixed.valueOf(width), Fixed.valueOf(height));
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> minWidth (float minWidth) {
		this.minWidth = Fixed.valueOf(minWidth);
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> minHeight (float minHeight) {
		this.minHeight = Fixed.valueOf(minHeight);
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the prefWidth and prefHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> prefSize (Value size) {
		if (size == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("size cannot be null.");
		prefWidth = size;
		prefHeight = size;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the prefWidth and prefHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> prefSize (Value width, Value height) {
		if (width == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width cannot be null.");
		if (height == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height cannot be null.");
		prefWidth = width;
		prefHeight = height;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> prefWidth (Value prefWidth) {
		if (prefWidth == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("prefWidth cannot be null.");
		this.prefWidth = prefWidth;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> prefHeight (Value prefHeight) {
		if (prefHeight == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("prefHeight cannot be null.");
		this.prefHeight = prefHeight;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the prefWidth and prefHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> prefSize (float width, float height) {
		prefSize(Fixed.valueOf(width), Fixed.valueOf(height));
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the prefWidth and prefHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> prefSize (float size) {
		prefSize(Fixed.valueOf(size));
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> prefWidth (float prefWidth) {
		this.prefWidth = Fixed.valueOf(prefWidth);
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> prefHeight (float prefHeight) {
		this.prefHeight = Fixed.valueOf(prefHeight);
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the maxWidth and maxHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> maxSize (Value size) {
		if (size == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("size cannot be null.");
		maxWidth = size;
		maxHeight = size;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the maxWidth and maxHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> maxSize (Value width, Value height) {
		if (width == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width cannot be null.");
		if (height == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height cannot be null.");
		maxWidth = width;
		maxHeight = height;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> maxWidth (Value maxWidth) {
		if (maxWidth == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxWidth cannot be null.");
		this.maxWidth = maxWidth;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> maxHeight (Value maxHeight) {
		if (maxHeight == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxHeight cannot be null.");
		this.maxHeight = maxHeight;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the maxWidth and maxHeight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> maxSize (float size) {
		maxSize(Fixed.valueOf(size));
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the maxWidth and maxHeight to the specified values. */
	public Container<T> maxSize (float width, float height) {
		maxSize(Fixed.valueOf(width), Fixed.valueOf(height));
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> maxWidth (float maxWidth) {
		this.maxWidth = Fixed.valueOf(maxWidth);
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> maxHeight (float maxHeight) {
		this.maxHeight = Fixed.valueOf(maxHeight);
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the padTop, padLeft, padBottom, and padRight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> pad (Value pad) {
		if (pad == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("pad cannot be null.");
		padTop = pad;
		padLeft = pad;
		padBottom = pad;
		padRight = pad;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> pad (Value top, Value left, Value bottom, Value right) {
		if (top == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("top cannot be null.");
		if (left == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("left cannot be null.");
		if (bottom == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("bottom cannot be null.");
		if (right == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("right cannot be null.");
		padTop = top;
		padLeft = left;
		padBottom = bottom;
		padRight = right;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padTop (Value padTop) {
		if (padTop == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("padTop cannot be null.");
		this.padTop = padTop;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padLeft (Value padLeft) {
		if (padLeft == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("padLeft cannot be null.");
		this.padLeft = padLeft;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padBottom (Value padBottom) {
		if (padBottom == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("padBottom cannot be null.");
		this.padBottom = padBottom;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padRight (Value padRight) {
		if (padRight == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("padRight cannot be null.");
		this.padRight = padRight;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the padTop, padLeft, padBottom, and padRight to the specified value. */
	public Container<T> pad (float pad) {
		Value value = Fixed.valueOf(pad);
		padTop = value;
		padLeft = value;
		padBottom = value;
		padRight = value;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> pad (float top, float left, float bottom, float right) {
		padTop = Fixed.valueOf(top);
		padLeft = Fixed.valueOf(left);
		padBottom = Fixed.valueOf(bottom);
		padRight = Fixed.valueOf(right);
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padTop (float padTop) {
		this.padTop = Fixed.valueOf(padTop);
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padLeft (float padLeft) {
		this.padLeft = Fixed.valueOf(padLeft);
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padBottom (float padBottom) {
		this.padBottom = Fixed.valueOf(padBottom);
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> padRight (float padRight) {
		this.padRight = Fixed.valueOf(padRight);
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets fillX and fillY to 1. */
	public Container<T> fill () {
		fillX = 1f;
		fillY = 1f;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets fillX to 1. */
	public Container<T> fillX () {
		fillX = 1f;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets fillY to 1. */
	public Container<T> fillY () {
		fillY = 1f;
		return this;
	}

	public Container<T> fill (float x, float y) {
		fillX = x;
		fillY = y;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets fillX and fillY to 1 if true, 0 if false. */
	public Container<T> fill (boolean x, boolean y) {
		fillX = x ? 1f : 0;
		fillY = y ? 1f : 0;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets fillX and fillY to 1 if true, 0 if false. */
	public Container<T> fill (boolean fill) {
		fillX = fill ? 1f : 0;
		fillY = fill ? 1f : 0;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the alignment of the actor within the container. Set to {@link Align#center}, {@link Align#top}, {@link Align#bottom},
	 * {@link Align#left}, {@link Align#right}, or any combination of those. */
	public Container<T> align (int align) {
		this.align = align;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets the alignment of the actor within the container to {@link Align#center}. This clears any other alignment. */
	public Container<T> center () {
		align = Align.center;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets {@link Align#top} and clears {@link Align#bottom} for the alignment of the actor within the container. */
	public Container<T> top () {
		align |= Align.top;
		align &= ~Align.bottom;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets {@link Align#left} and clears {@link Align#right} for the alignment of the actor within the container. */
	public Container<T> left () {
		align |= Align.left;
		align &= ~Align.right;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets {@link Align#bottom} and clears {@link Align#top} for the alignment of the actor within the container. */
	public Container<T> bottom () {
		align |= Align.bottom;
		align &= ~Align.top;
		return this;
	}

	/** Sets {@link Align#right} and clears {@link Align#left} for the alignment of the actor within the container. */
	public Container<T> right () {
		align |= Align.right;
		align &= ~Align.left;
		return this;
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	public Value getMaxWidthValue () {
		return maxWidth;
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		float v = maxWidth.get(actor);
		if (v > 0) v += padLeft.get(this) + padRight.get(this);
		return v;
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	public Value getMaxHeightValue () {
		return maxHeight;
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		float v = maxHeight.get(actor);
		if (v > 0) v += padTop.get(this) + padBottom.get(this);
		return v;
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	public Value getPadTopValue () {
		return padTop;
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	public float getPadTop () {
		return padTop.get(this);
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	public Value getPadLeftValue () {
		return padLeft;
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		return padLeft.get(this);
	}

	public Value getPadBottomValue () {
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	public float getPadBottom () {
		return padBottom.get(this);
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		return padRight.get(this);
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	/** Returns {@link #getPadLeft()} plus {@link #getPadRight()}. */
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	/** Returns {@link #getPadTop()} plus {@link #getPadBottom()}. */
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			super.drawDebug(shapes);
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Gentle Giant have shown off their 2 event exclusives for April's Star Wars Celebration in Chicago with 2 fan favourite animated characters in Hera & Maul. Check out the official release from GG below alongside a galley of both exclusives.
Be sure to let us know your thoughts on both releases and whether you're a Premier Guild member who'll be pre-ordering them on March 25th.
For all the latest news and previews, stay tuned to Exclu. Original imagery courtesy of Gentle Giant.


Ace Anodized Bronze Refinisher Spray 11.5 oz.
Ace Copperstone Metallic Spray Paint 11.5 oz.
Ace Gold Metallic Spray Paint 11.5 oz.
Ace Sovent-Based APWA Caution Blue Upside-Down Marking Spray Paint 17 oz.
Ace Sovent-Based APWA General Purpose White Upside-Down Marking Spray Paint 17 oz.
Ace Sovent-Based APWA Hi Visibility Yellow Upside-Down Marking Spray Paint 17 oz.
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Ace Sovent-Based Fluorescent Pink Upside-Down Marking Spray Paint 17 oz.
Ace Striper White Solvent-Based Striping Paint Spray 18 oz.
Ace Striper Yellow Solvent-Based Striping Paint Spray 18 oz.
Ace Water-Based Clear Upside-Down Marking Paint Spray 17 oz.


Image Title: House Siding Materials Exterior Cladding Carter Lumber Within Plans 8. Post Title: House Siding Materials. Filename: house-siding-materials-exterior-cladding-carter-lumber-within-plans-8.jpg. Image Dimension: 653 x 238 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Jocelyn Ward. Uploaded Date: Tuesday - January 15th. 2019 22:27:12 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: houzz.com. Siding Within House Materials Plan 6. All About Siding Materials And Styles With House Designs 7. House Siding Materials Exterior Cladding Carter Lumber Within Plans 8. Vinyl Siding Wikipedia Regarding House Materials Inspirations 13. Buyer S Guide For Exterior Siding DIY Throughout House Materials Designs 10. Best Siding Buying Guide Consumer Reports In House Materials Design 5. Discussing The Pros And Cons Of Some Siding Materials Make Your For House Designs 17. House Siding Costs And Pricing For Materials Designs 12. 13 Modern Siding Ideas Throughout House Materials Plan 14. Siding Materials For Your Home Extension In House Prepare 9.


text:
More young people seeking help for eating disorders
14 June 2018 / News
22% rise in Childline counselling sessions about eating disorders since 2016/17
In 2017/18 Childline carried out over 5,900 counselling sessions with young people about eating disorders.1
9 in 10 counselling sessions were with girls, including 148 sessions with girls aged 10-11. And a third of young people said they experienced a negative or distorted body image.2
The rise comes after the NSPCC's warnings about pressure on the child mental health system, and how thousands of young people are left without support.
About Are You There?
For many young people, contacting Childline is their first attempt to reach out for help. When a young person has taken such a brave step, we need to be there for them.
Last year the government proposed mental health support for children in schools. But two thirds of Childline counselling sessions took place outside school hours, showing the need for out of hours support.
One third of Childline counselling sessions are about mental and emotional health and wellbeing issues. And this number is on the rise. We're calling on the government to increase their funding for our Childline service to help us be there for children when they need someone to turn to.
Find out more about Are You There? and how you can help make sure we're there for every child.
"At one point I was watching and comparing myself to people who have anorexia. I have tried starving myself and exercising so that I can become skinny all over. I feel like the odd one out and that everywhere I go I am being looked at and judged."
15 year old girl who contacted Childline
Mental health and suicidal thoughts
Mental illness and suicidal thoughts can affect anyone, of any age, of any background, at any time. Get advice and support on helping a child if they're struggling with their mental health.
Worried about a child?
Contact our trained helpline counsellors for help, advice and support.
help@nspcc.org.uk
Liz Rowe, Head of Childline at NSPCC said:
"Young people tell us that they feel under pressure to look a certain way and live a certain life, and it's worrying that we are seeing so many children contact us about eating disorders as a result, in some cases when they are still at primary school.
"It's crucial that all those struggling with such debilitating eating problems are given all the help they need to make a full recovery so that they can go on to enjoy their childhood and teenage years to the full."
"The starting point on that journey is to open up and talk to someone who can listen without judgement, which is why Childline is such a crucial service for these thousands of children."
Protecting children's mental health
Childline is our free, confidential helpline for children and young people. Whenever children need us, Childline is there for them – online, on the phone, anytime.
Visit childline.org.uk
News and current affairs can leave children feeling unsettled, with lots of questions. See our advice on talking to children about 'difficult' topics.
1. Between 1st April 2017 and 31st March 2018 there were 5,934 Childline counselling sessions where the young person's main concern was eating problems. A further 5,818 counselling sessions took place where eating problems were discussed as an additional concern, bringing the total number of counselling sessions where eating problems were mentioned for this year to 11,752.
2. Individual counselling sessions can include more than one issue or additional concern.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HomeLocalGone But Not Forgotten; Bereaved Family Members Join law Enforcement and Politicos Ride to Quench the Violence
Gone But Not Forgotten; Bereaved Family Members Join law Enforcement and Politicos Ride to Quench the Violence
October 15, 2020 admin Local 0
Shown l-r is Ron Davis, Jr., brother of the late Jordan Davis, Byron Robinson of Better Dad's Society, LaQuinta Perry with a picture of her deceased son, Devron Crowden, Latasha Hobbs, mother of deceased son, Maurice Hobbs; Kienna Hobbs, deceased sister and Dr. Jennifer Blalock, CEO of UpGraded Education. To learn more about or provide support to this annual initiative, email quenchtheviolence@gmail.com.
by Free Press staff – The Quench the Violence organization joined forces with law enforcement, churches and other nonprofits for the 14th "Reversing the Cycle of Violence" community bike ride on the Northside. down Moncrief Rd. Over fifty community members, councilpersons, and uniformed members of Jacksonville Sheriff's office (JSO) rode their bikes down Moncrief Rd. culminating at Lonnie C. Miller Park where a family event was held. Once there, citizens of all ages enjoyed a car show and step show performances. A highlight of the day was the sharing of special remarks form parents and family members of youth lost as a result of community violence.
The event's founder is the brainchild of Rev. Robert LeCount, a local pastor who lost a son to violence. He remains committed to mentoring and empowering youth to stay calm, using their communication skills and higher level thinking to solve issues and refrain from violent acts. Since its inception over a decade ago, the organization has a speakers bureau and focuses on awareness of the chilling homicide statistics that plaque our city.
"Our community's future is relying on the development of thoughtful, engaged young men and women as emerging leaders who know how to address conflict in healthy, collaborative and peaceful ways," LeCount explained. "Even in light of Covid-19, with the overwhelming and growing presence of youth violence in Jacksonville, we knew we had to continue to promote peace and harmony in our neighborhoods with an event this year." Parents of slain youth shared compelling and poignant stories of the loss of their teens. To learn more about or provide support to this annual initiative, email quenchtheviolence@gmail.com.
Hundreds Turn Out for Voter Inspiration at Black Bus Tour Rally
New Farmers Market to Open in Northside Food Desert


29 DIE IN AIR CRASH.
CAA SUSPENDS LINE AFTER CRASH.
Groping its way through morning mist and fog, a non-scheduled airliner smashed into a hillside 20 miles northeast of Long Beach yesterday morning, burning and burying all 29 persons aboard.
The airliner, from New York, was less than 14 miles from its Los Angeles destination. Wreckage of the plane was not located for nearly seven hours.
A spokesman for North Continental Airlines fixed the tentative death toll at 29, many of them servicemen on the basis of a check of passenger lists. The plane had made five stops prior to crashing, unloading and loading passengers at most of them.
Soon after the crash, the Civil Aeronautics Administration announced in Washington it was suspending the operating rights of North Continent Airlines. A CAA spokesman said the suspension was ordered because of the operating history of the firm, violations of air regulations and accidents involving the line's planes.
The airlilne said the C-46 was carrying 24 passengers, a crew of three and two other company employes riding "deadhead," a stewardess and a pilot.
The two-motored converted C-46 drove into a low-lying hill just off Turnbull Canyon, northeast of Whittier.
Bodies of the dead, most not recognizable, were removed from the hillside debris by a jeep and crew dispatched from the Norwalk sheriff's station.
The crash toll was the largest ever reported in southeastern Los Angeles County.
Pilot LOUIS POWELL, 44, La Crescenta, who formerly flew out of Long Beach airport for Standard Airlines, was last incontact with the Los Angeles International Airport control tower at 3:33 a.m., when he reported radio and visibility trouble. He gave his position then as La Habra.
The plane apparently was "flying the beam" at an extremely low altitude, investigators said, and glanced off one hilltop to nose into a steeply sloped hill on the other side of a narrow, winding canyon.
It was apparent that the plane was immediately engulfed in a raging fire that gutted all but the tail and wingtip sections. Heavy morning fog obscured the fire from the view of nearby ranchers.
The plane had begun its flight from La Guardia Field, New York, but had made stops at Cleveland, Amarillo and Phoenix, taking on most of its load of passengers at Cleveland.
The wreckage was discovered about 10 a. m. by the sheriff's aerial squadron, which had joined an area-wide search for the missing plane. The crash, in a nearly inaccessible canyon, was reached by deputies within 30 minutes, but they found no sign of life. Later the wreckage was roped off and thousands of curious people were barred by California highway patrol road blocks.
Bits of wreckage were thrown thousands of feet at the crash, and were buried on facing sides of the little canyon.
Capt. LEWIS POWELL, 45, pilot; La Crascenta, Calif.
Co-Pilot CHARLES KING WALDREN, 37, Los Angeles.
Stewardess TONI BRADFORD, 20, Burbank.
HARRIET PARMELLO, extra stewardess, Whittier.
ROBERT ALEXANDER, extra pilot, address unlisted.
Pvt. S. HERSZKOVICTSCH, New York City.
H. WAIG, Flushing, N. Y.
MRS. H. WAIG, same address.
J. LANGE, Great Neck, N. Y.
M. SONEDILE, Jamaica Plains, Mass.
MRS. M. SONEDILE, Jamaica Plains, Mass.
MRS. B. YAHN, Jamaica Plains.
H. BECK, Bethpage, N. Y.
B. BHIERA, Cahoes, N. Y.
Pfc. JOHN BAIRD, Jamaica Plains.
R. WHALLY, San Jose, Calif.
Pvt. H. LITTONER, Pacchogrid, L. I., N. Y.
Pvt. S. BARNES, Brooklyn, N. Y.
DONALD WALTERS, Carneys Point, N. J.
Pfc. JOHN KNUFF, Brigatine, N. J.
Pvt. W. DiDOMENICIS, Delaware, Pa.
Pfc. GENDONE, Eden, N. Y.


You may have noticed that I don't post a weekend roundup every week. When I don't post, it's usually because I haven't found enough articles or videos that have something new to say about food-waste-related issues. Most of this week's articles are ones that I wouldn't usually post, but what I found interesting this week was the sheer number of articles that have been published on the topic. In my recent post on citrus rinds, I linked to a few articles that suggested that concern over food waste was becoming mainstream. This week's glut of articles seems to suggest they were right.
This entry was posted in On food waste, Weekend reading and tagged food waste, links, wasted food by Jean-François. Bookmark the permalink.
I too am overwhelmed by the amount of information pouring into the information world on food waste! It's making our jobs so much easier.
And guess whose HOA delivered nice, new recycle bins for curbside pickup? Yup. I like to think that after six years of hauling my own trash and griping about it, the squeaky wheel finally got the grease.
Congratulations on the effective squeaking! It;s a good start to 2013.
Pop over to check out the new digs if you get a chance. Unveiling is officially Monday. Can't wait!
Oooh, like the dark green and the way the menus work. I was wrong – it's better than last week's minimalist look – and it fits the tone and theme of the blog well. You'll be happy to note that it loads quickly (even on Safari), so whatever the issue was on the other blog, you managed to avoid it.
Aw, thanks for the input! Usability was key, as I had issues with the menus on the iPad, but not on the PC. I also played with a background image — decided to stay with Angie's peek-a-boo header instead. Loads better, makes me smile. And I do so love green.
It's gonna be a rockin' year for blogging. I'm on the fence about enabling search engines *gulp* which would open doors to the world. Cheers. Eat some sambal or laksa for me if you're over in Asia.
I say go for it, be searchable – it can only lead to more conversation, which is not a bad thing. I'm heading to Singapore on Monday, so there's definitely some sambal in my immediate future, though I might stay away from the laksa until I've lost a bit of the holiday weight.
Thanks for the great links! :) :) I have posted some around too, aiming to shock as many people as possible with food waste numbers to shake them up a bit!!
Hopefully the stream of information will continue and change will occur. My husband works in a 5-star restaurant. If the chefs make a mistake (say, cook a steak, ordered "rare" to medium) they throw the ENTIRE PLATE OF FOOD away. No one is allowed to eat it or take it home. It's not saved or donated. $50 of prime beef goes in the trash, along with all the sides, and a new plate is made. It makes me ill to even think of it!
Wow, that is heart breaking – especially given the fact that someone nearby would probably be very happy to eat an overcooked steak. Some food rescue organizations, like City Harvest in NYC (http://www.cityharvest.org/), collect food from restaurants and redistribute it to those who need it. You might want to see if there are any services like that in your area, and put a bug in your husband's ear.
Thanks, Kellie. I'm sure the current focus will inspire a few people to change their ways, and possibly a few local initiatives, but it will be interesting to see how much the level of attention peters after the usual few articles touting the latest shocking statistics run their course. Hopefully it won't go all the way to zero, and this will become an aspect more and more people consider when they think, talk and write about food in any context.


The shift to reader-based revenue continues to depict an industry that is increasingly building loyal audiences around its high-quality journalism.
"... the tangible, tactile nature of brick and mortar is viewed as a very real advantage... as is the desire for instant gratification... " said Scott Moore, Global Senior Vice President of marketing for Mood Media.
Over the last decade, marketers have adapted to the boom of technology and the introduction of various new marketing channels, while considering how different generations of consumers are responding to these changes.
Focus on month-on-month seasonally adjusted numbers do not give a picture of the real state of retail, but rather the unadjusted year-over-year figures provide a much more accurate view of performance.
84% of business owners are logging over 40 hours a week, and 1 in 10 feel continuously overwhelmed by their workload.
fFor the first time long-form content represents the majority of time spent watching video on every screen.
58% of Millennials maintain a separate email account just for brand communication, and 83% have made a purchase from email in the past three months.
While digital has been a huge part of industry conversations for years, marketing organizations are not yet operating as digital businesses and are a long way from doing so.


Number one thing to do when the autumnal weather is weird…come to the theatre! We promise we will protect you from the elements, and treat you to some wonderful theatre to boot. Dead Cat Bounce by Mary Rachel Brown is nearly at the end of its season, and then we will be welcoming Black Birds into the Stables with their beautiful show, Exhale.
Big news. 2020 is the 50 year anniversary of the Stables as the home of the Australian voice in theatre. Bringing together the legacy of Nimrod and the Griffin story that you know and love, we will be celebrating the fact that for 50 years you, the audience, have been walking up the hill to see the very best Australian theatre. It's all about you! And the Federal and State governments have just announced that they will be supporting the celebrations with a one-off, much-needed, generous grant of $80,000 and $50,000 respectively . Watch this space for all the 2020 plans!
The announcement was made in the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney just after the 2019 Lysicrates Prize was awarded to Jane Bodie to commission her new work Tell Me You Love Me. Congratulations Jane! Thank you to all the playwrights who sent us their first acts. And of course a big thank you to everyone who came along and voted on the day…it was a big weekend for voting.
Enjoy this weekend coming up…I can feel summer slipping away, but it makes me look forward to tucking up inside the Stables and listening to great stories with you all.


Andorran bike brand, Commencal, had a surprise launch last night. Not another bike, not even another bike related product but a range of Skis! Yup, those, things that people strap to their feet and hit the slopes on in winter.
I'll be the first to admit that I'm a little out of my depth writing about skis. I've never tried skiing and I don't pretend to know anything about them, so I'm relying heavily on the Commencal website for details and keeping my fingers crossed that a reader with Ski knowledge can jump into the comments below and tell us their thoughts.
Commencal just wants you to get down.
What I do know is that Commencal hasn't just gone to some no-name factory and plastered some generic Skis with their own designs and branding, but has actually teamed up with Ski brand FACTION. FACTION is a ski manufacturer based in Europe that was set up by a group of English, American, Australians and Canadians back in 2006 who wanted to produce quality skis at good pricing that needed very little maintenance.
With help from FACTION, Commencal has released 2 levels of ski to suit two different types of skier. The META ski is aimed at people who are looking for a versatile and comfortable ski for groomed pistes, while the SUPREME ski is for big mountain skiers, the type of person who likes to hit freeride lines at full tilt.
SUPREME Skis on the left META on the right.
META skis cost from 599 Euros without bindings in sizes 170 – 190 and are made from a combination of a Poplar/Ash core and flax fibre layers. The more extreme SUPREME skis are priced from 649 euros and get a construction of Paulownia/Poplar and FACTION Fusion Light, sandwiched by two layers of Titanal, for a rigid ski.
Commencal is also selling matching poles too. Nice!
Along with skis and skis + bindings, the online Commencal Store has also been updated to include matching Commencal SUPREME and META poles costing 39.90 Euros a pair.
Before we start, let's make one thing clear… We are a bike brand through and through!
But we also live in the mountains and when we can't ride bikes all winter because of the snow, we use them for another adrenalin filled sport. What better way to honour this way of life and compliment our range of bikes with a choice of skis! The COMMENCAL x FACTION Friendship is born.
The spirit is totally in-keeping with our bikes and with FACTION we carry that spirit through to these winter playground essentials!
Obviously now Commencal has released skis, we're all now wondering when a Commencal snowboard will go on sale, or perhaps even a Commencal Ski-Doo?
Poll: Carbon, Alloy or Bamboo? Which Material For Mountain Bikes?
Do they work with Shimano SPDs ? Or speedplay ?
Get a pair in about 182 length and I will give them a proper test for you!


It was at the beginning of the last century that dentists sought to transform a respectable craft into a science-based profession by boldly aligning with institutions of higher learning. Discoveries by dentist-scientists have transformed fields of medicine. For example, in 1952, a dentist-scientist named Norman Simmons designed the techniques for isolating pure DNA that made it possible for Rosalind Franklin to create the first x-ray crystallography images of DNA. This led to the prediction of the structure of DNA by James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins in 1953. In the post-World War II era, dentist Robert Ledley pioneered computerized tomographic scanning and 3-dimensional imaging that led to the development of modern diagnostic imaging for both dentistry and medicine. In the late 1960's, the work of another dentist-scientist, Russell Ross, and his colleagues advanced our understanding of the molecules involved in wound healing and proved that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease.
Dentist-scientists are committed to the development of new therapeutics and therapies for common and rare diseases and disorders that affect craniofacial tissues. Investigators most committed to this field of inquiry will come from the ranks of faculty and students in dental schools across the US. Hence, the training of dentist-scientists and the development of academic faculty with research training are critical components of strengthening the dentist-scientist workforce.


text:
Alma Alheia é um livro de contos publicado em 1895 por Pedro Rabelo, membro fundador da Academia Brasileira de Letras e membro do grupo de boêmios de Olavo Bilac. Contém oito contos bastante breves, que se inserem no movimento realista, com especial predileção para o tema do adultério (pelo menos três contos tratam dele: Caso de Adultério, Curiosa e Obra Completa). A crítica inicial acusou o autor de copiar o estilo de Machado de Assis (igualmente membro fundador da Academia, ainda que escritor mais velho e experiente), a que o próprio autor de Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas objetou em uma de suas crônicas de A Semana (27 de outubro de 1895):

A previsão de Machado de Assis não realizou, contudo, uma vez que Rabelo morreu jovem, sem ter publicado posteriormente nenhum outro livro de contos.

O próprio autor escreveu uma breve abertura à obra, em que o aponta a existência de uma disparidade de estilo nela, que pretende explicar por suas concepções de arte. O autor menciona na mesma abertura a sua convivência literária no grupo de escritor boêmios, e aponta o problema de determinar o mérito entre os literatos que convivem neste mesmo grupo.

Os Contos

Cão!: história de um homem que vê a mãe moribunda. O médico afirma que só Deus poderia salvá-la naquele momento. Profundamente revoltado, o filho destrói todas as imagens religiosas na casa.
Mana Minduca: História de uma mulher que espera doze anos pelo namorado. Quando ele finalmente chega, nenhum dos dois se reconhece, devido à passagem do tempo, e fingem que o encontro não aconteceu. A mulher continua a esperar o namorado ideal, num desfecho profundamente irônico.
A barricada: Um doente moribundo usa as suas derradeiras forças para amontar todos os objetos de seu quarto contra a porta, a fim de impedir que sua herdeira queira saquear todos os seus bens.
Caso de Adultério: um marido começa a trair a esposa com outra. Um amigo intímo do casal, sabendo do fato, e percebendo a infelicidade da jovem esposa traída, vai declarar a ela seu amor. A moça, contudo, fica enojada e profundamente contrafeita. O potencial caso de adultério da esposa não se realiza. Esse conto também tem uma narração profundamente irônica, em especial no caso do marido, que dizia à esposa que precisava ficar até mais tarde no trabalho para fazer relatórios - o narrador se refere à amante como um relatório, em tom bastante sarcástico. Foi considerado o conto com maior influência de Machado de Assis.
Curiosa: outra história de adultério. Uma mulher recebe uma carta de um antigo namorado, e precisa escondê-la no peito, para que o marido não saiba, enquanto tomam o desjejum. Quando o marido finalmente vai embora e a mulher começa a ler da carta, chegam três conhecidas na casa, que a anfitrião aparentemente detesta. As conversas dessas mulheres sobre casamentos aumentam o sentimento de frustração da jovem com seu próprio matrimônio e sua revolta contra a forma em que a sociedade organiza as relações pessoais. Para satisfazer sua revolta, a jovem decide se entregar de fato ao amante. O conto tem um tom quase feminista, uma vez que retrata a repressão de uma mulher, em especial em relação a casamentos forçados.
O Jeromo: outra história de namorados desencontrados.
Genial ator!: Um ator não consegue incorporar um papel que exige arroubos de violência. Consternado com a ausência de aplausos, numa das últimas apresentações, contrata um grupo de homens para aplaudi-lo. O plano dá errado, porém, pois os homens, não sabendo quando ovacionar o ator, batem palmas e fazem algazarra toda a vez em que ele pisa no palco, fazendo com que seja alvo de zombaria e de ridículo. Profundamente irado, o ator consegue, finalmente, incorporar o papel na grande cena final, atraindo a admiração da platéia.
Obra Completa: um homem preso por ter assassinado o amante da esposa é liberto. Descobre que sua mulher havia entregado a filha do casal para outro lar, em que a menina fora maltradada até à morte. Profundamente revoltado, o homem reencontra a esposa e mata-a sobre o túmulo do amante.

Literatura do Brasil
Livros de 1895

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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true true true
Ask The Mayor: Terre Haute's Bennett on convention center opening, Turn to the River project
By Joe Hren
Unknown Speaker
It's recording. All right. Hello and welcome to ask the mayor on WFIU, I'm Joe Hren with WFIU WTIU news. This week we are in person. First time in two years in Terre Haute. Nice to be with Mayor Duke Bennett. Thanks for having us. Glad you're back, Joe. Yeah, you know, I'd say it's like, nothing's ever changed, but it is I pull in and feel like the city has changed. There's a lot of things going on around here. I see the parking lot is being redone. It looks like there's a new fountain up front. Can you let's just start with that.
Okay. Yeah, it's a project that's been kind of few years in the making. But our parking lot all the government complex here, all the stormwater has been collected, and then put into the combined sewer system, which, that's something that we're all working hard to eliminate and separate. So doing a major project out here, we totally ripped out the parking lot. And then installed some small vaults, if you will, in the tree section area, the the grassy and tree area in the center, where then we've got pervious asphalt on the parking lot, but then the water will be collected and capped. And it'll drain into the sandy soil here and no longer go into our sewer system, which is tremendous. And so it'll look right physically, not, you know, brand new parking lot. But then it's also effective with us eliminating that stormwater, and then the turn to the river project. And it's a partnership we have with art spaces here in our community, to enhance the government campus here and help people to get from downtown to the river. And so it's the first section phase one is in between the courthouse and City Hall. There'll be additional phases on this campus and then beyond the campus to actually get people a pathway. A nice, enjoyable, relaxing pathway to get to the Wabash River. So that projects one of those two that's taken several years to get here to get done. And they're almost completed. So we'll have a big ceremony coming up next month. And looking forward to the completion of phase one.
You know, we did have a it's kind of funny a suggestion from the Indiana Arts Commission Executive Director, Maya Michelson, I don't know if you have talked to her or not, but she wrote an email in asking have you done anything on the Wabash Valley art spaces turned to the river, it's the first thing I see when I got here and said that Terre Haute is really leading public art in the state, it's been
kind of amazing. We've got a lot of people here that have always been interested in the arts, I've done lots of things over the years. And then I would say over the last 10, it's really blossomed into so much public art, and so many places and things you can do here, that's kind of part of our overall effort to attract people from a tourism perspective, improve the quality of life. And I can't thank and applaud all those local, not for profits. And the individuals who have done so much kind of in parallel sometimes to what government's doing in a way that they're off doing their thing, we're doing our thing, but it continues to merge together to complement each other so well. So we're very fortunate. And we've made huge strides here.
You know, it's so interesting to me, too, because maybe when you take the show to different cities, Columbus has the same thing where all 100 years ago, the river wasn't an amenity it kind of like you ignored the river. And now 100 years later cities next to rivers are embracing the river and see it as economic development and pouring millions of dollars into using the river. And that's something I said same thing here. And
we just hadn't done that. Roughly 1415 years ago, that was a major effort. And we developed a plan for the riverfront. And we've been implementing ever since. And so we're getting ready to start on another track to update that plan, celebrate the accomplishments, but then kind of look to the next phases. And Fairbanks Park is a big part of that. You know, we recently hosted an open house for the public and we've hired a consultant to help us develop a master plan for that. But so we've got Fairbanks Park, which is kind of right in the heart of it. But then up and down both sides of the river. We want to figure out what comes next. And you know, when you look back any community that's done riverfront things, it takes 20 3050 years to get it done. And so I think we're doing really well for been doing this for 15 years, roughly. But now we need to head for the bigger things, the bigger targets. And so that's where our focus is and we hope this next plan will help us establish those goals and objectives and we're going to do it because it is important, not only for the people that live here, but those of visitors,
you know, and that's not even what half of what The people see we're talking to Columbus Mayor Jim went up and about flood mitigation in DNR permits. That stuff public doesn't even know that's going on in the background and could take years.
There's a lot of red tape with working with the river. But I think we've established some great relationships, right, working with Congressman besides office in the Army Corps of Engineers to develop a plan so that we've positioned ourselves for federal funding down the road. But this these things take years. And if you don't get started, of course, you'll never get there. And we're really putting a lot of effort into that. So I'm excited about what the future holds. You're going to see a the community, anybody that visits us are going to see a major transformation over the next 10 to 15 years.
So talking about economic development, the other big news, Terre Haute Convention Center is open for business had a ribbon cutting ceremony Saturday, I believe huge
turnout, it was great. And, you know, once again, another project long time coming. We started the planning of this back in 2014. And here we are today. Now within that with a building that's open and available to the public. multiple events are being scheduled. I think we've got 65 Over the next two and a half years. Some of the contracts aren't signed yet. But we're pretty confident it'll get done. So it's starting to pick up businesses happening. It was just so great to celebrate as a community that we accomplished something the city and the county and the convention tourism bureau working together, we have a community asset to the CIB. And just to see it and the smiles on people's faces. As I said it was cold outside, we did it outside, but it huge turnout, people who'd never driven by it now but have not seen it. We're like, wow, this is really classy first, you know, done the right way. First time I've been in here, but I am impressed. That kind of feedback all day. It was it was great.
You know, I can't wait to see it. I mean, like I said, I haven't been here in two years. And it was a parking lot. I was shooting a parking lot. I can't believe I'm gonna go over there now and see this beautiful building. How much is that projected to funnel into the economic?
Well, you know, there's projections. But you know, it's all about the real numbers. And so we know that the first couple of years is going to be kind of a slow spin up, we may have 65 events, but you stretch that across two years, we need more, and we're going to get more. And so we believe this will ramp up since a lot of conventions and large, large events booked out to three years in advance. So the impact will be that people come here and obviously hotel rooms, which helps us from lodging tax perspective, when they go out to eat the food and beverage tax, just spend the money in our community with small businesses or wherever else they may go in whatever they may do while they're here. Those are the things that you know, there's numbers that people put out there. But I think it always is very impactful, because a lot of these businesses wouldn't survive without this. So some have been holding on waiting for this. Others are going to be opening now that it's here. And so who knows what the true measurement is at the end of the day, about the impact, and I know what's going to be tremendous. And so I'm hopeful that we'll be able to do some of those real measurements down the road versus expectations. And I believe it's going to pay off and in a great way for us. It puts us on the map and does things that we couldn't do before. And so let's get people to come to Terre Haute and spend their money here. Have a great time go home thinking you know what, that was a great experience. I want to go back and you know, that will help us recruit people to live here, and everything else. And so it's a catalyst.
It's been a while remind us the economic funding for how it's being funded.
So we created the CIB. And then we the county. Since the CIP is connected with the county, they're the ones that provided the bonding capacity. So we were able to do that through the food and beverage tax, which were generating over $2 million a year with that. And then the city made a $10 million commitment of added funds economic development funds, the county made a $10 million commitment. And a convention tourism bureau made a $5 million commitment. And then the city redevelopment commission added another $4 million into the pot. So we've got cash that comes in every month or twice a year, I should say two times a year. And then the food and beverage tax is coming in monthly. And then the revenue now will start coming in from the actual events that are going on. So all of those resources, provide the funding.
And I know last time we talked, you're still looking at more hotels and parking. There's still more to go.
We're looking at two new hotels, we've had discussions with the ownership, they want to do it, they're ready to go. We're already turning business away at the convention center that they need another couple of 100 hotel rooms and so that's our next focus and effort is to get those hotels built with a small parking garage to support those two. And we're gonna get it done. We have to get it done. And so that's the next big target that we have downtown.
Don't have Have disconfirmed but heard that already. Some other conventions that maybe went to Bloomington or in New York are booking here now. So you
know, people travel around and but they haven't been able to come to Terre Haute forever. I mean, some never. And so we're going to get in that circuit. And I think it's great for all of our Indiana communities, people go experience something different. But we've never been able to offer Terre Haute. And so we're gonna bring as many different things and get in on that that circuit, if you will, and expose a lot of people to Terre Haute that have never had that opportunity. So this helps everybody I think it does. It brings people to Indiana, you know, and if you're here in Indiana, you're going to be visiting some different regions. And so, Terre Haute was going to benefit from
that. Any word on a casino groundbreaking.
The last I heard was in last couple of weeks is still targeted for the end of May. They haven't set the exact date. But that's the goal, end of May, first week of June, somewhere in that two week span. Everything seems to still be on target to get that then waiting on a couple of final approvals, red tape kind of things. But it's all coming together very nicely.
Just a quick update. I just saw a report last night and I was looking up news about a death at the at the Vigo County Jail anything new on that? Or?
No? I haven't heard anything else. You know, obviously, they'll investigate that and doesn't appear that there was any foul play from what I'm told. And I think it'll shake out to be, you know, something in the natural causes sector, whatever that may be. No, that's just kind of something that happened just recently, and I have no other updates on that.
Okay. also saw were the Pride Center of Terre Haute getting ready to host its first ever Pride festival in the city. How much is the city supporting that? And do you support?
Yeah, we've been very supportive with them creating their their face downtown, I think that's really a neat thing that you have a place to go and visit access resources and that kind of stuff. So I attended their grand opening for that. And I popped my head and everyone's following him downtown just to see what's going on. But there's always a lot of energy there. And so now they're wanting to ramp that up and do more community activities. And so, you know, absolutely, we'll help support them like we do everybody else here that's wanting to engage people show us as a welcoming community and the more activities going on, the better. I always support that. And then I think it's just kind of neat what they're doing and the approach they're taking. And it's been very positive.
And I was gonna say, I mean, Indianapolis can draw about 100,000 to theirs. And I know Bloomington has had one for years. Columbus, it's another economic development is
and so once again, it's anytime you can gather a bunch of people together for a common cause everybody around that event benefits and so we want to continue to support those kinds of things in Ontario, downtown Terre Haute specifically, but anywhere in Vigo County,
you know, I have to ask you the you know, the business personal property tax cut never came to fruition. The General Assembly, we talked about that the last few months, I know a little older news, but first time I'd guy got a chance to get I'm sure you're you're happy about that
I've been personally involved since 2015. You know, I've testified at State House, I served on a Summer Study Committee. I just we need to replace for revenue. And uh, you know, and sometimes people look at it all, the government just wants more money, oh, we just want to keep what we have and keep your taxes hold the line on that. If they remove something like that, we got to make it up. And so somebody has to pay it. And I was just glad to get to feed it again. And I'm sure it'll be back. Next section, we're going to talk about it again. But hopefully, and for what I'm told, especially on the Senate side, they understand the need for replacement revenue. If they do that, take it away. That's fine with me, just as long as we don't have to raise the funds locally to make up for that.
Is there anything else from the session that stuck out to you? Not
the big one, there was a lot of stuff going on in his session, but none of it that directly affect and Tara who like it has in some of the past years. You know, I felt pretty good about this session that nothing happened that is you know, it's going to make it more difficult for us to do things and that's the partnership we want to have with state government. We want to be autonomous as much as we can we need their help, obviously on a lot of things, but let's work together to advance all of our cities in Indiana and do what's what we need. And so that business personal property one, just one that won't quite go away. And I just I feel I felt really good after this session that what I heard from especially the Senate side,
it was interesting, I just sat in on one discussion on annexation where they this has been again in the legislature Year and Year again but where they want to reverse it so now City Council can add X and area and then the public can remonde straight against it as 65% can void it but now they want to do the opposite where the city has to go out and get 50% of signatures. How do you feel about that?
I'm like that better than kind of like, currently, it's kind of up to the commissioners. And if they stop it, they stop it. And you know, cities always want to annex areas they're already serving. In our case, there's some very significant areas that we provide sewer services to. We support on public safety. We're not the primary supporter, but we held. And so we're already doing things anyway. And they probably ought to be part of the city. But I'm not pushing for annexation. But I just liked the flexibility. So maybe the next mayor wants to do annexation. And whenever they come in, they can decide if they want to do that. And if they ended, the city can approach that, then let the city go after it, and then have systems in place to be able to, you know, get it stopped. If it needs to be right now you kind of have to ask permission of the county. And it never goes anywhere. It just it doesn't anywhere. It's difficult for any mayor or city council to annex because the counties typically don't want to give that up. And I get it. I understand as commissioner,
because it's shift in revenue. So yeah,
if it changes and flops, we'll see but every session, TF annexation, oh, yeah, those things. And so I keep a close watch on those. And they both kind of got quiet this session. And yeah, I think it was a great session for my perspective. And
that's all I had. And I know we're we're out we're on time already, but always like to leave the last word for you. Any news or big announcements, city council news,
no rezonings and things lately, that's kind of been taken up most of the city council. We're working on our ARPA funding and thinking about, you know, what we're going to do with that. So there'll be some coming discussions publicly about it. But no, I just think it's an exciting time. I think this convention center really got a lot of people excited. It's new, you know, it's, it's a great thing. We have more of those things to come. So we're working on other projects, not only through the CIP, but through the city and the county. We really want to put ourselves on the map, if you will, to recruit people to come to Terra we got to fill jobs, we need people to come to the universities, colleges and universities, and we want him to end up having a great experience here and hopefully staying. And so it's all part of that effort to meet the needs of what our community is today and tomorrow. So we're really working hard on that.
The Terre Haute Convention Center officially opened Saturday. (Joe Hren, WFIU/WTIU News)
The Terre Haute Convention Center is officially open for business, the city will dedicate a new art plaza in May that aims to link downtown to the Wabash River, and the city will host its first Pride Festival.
On this week's installment of Ask The Mayor, Terre Haute Mayor Duke Bennett addresses these issues and more at City Hall. Listen to the full conversation with Indiana Newsdesk anchor Joe Hren by clicking on the play button above, or read some of the questions and answers below. A portion of this segment airs 6:45 and 8:45 a.m. Wednesday on WFIU.
This conversation has been edited for clarity and conciseness.
Terre Haute Mayor Duke Bennett (Joe Hren, WFIU/WTIU News)
Hren: After returning from two years due to COVID, I can't say it's like I never left... lots of changes here, especially in the parking lot and plaza. What is being installed?
Bennett: It's a project that's been kind of a few years in the making. But our parking lot - the government complex here, all the stormwater was collected and then put into the combined sewer system, which that's something that we're all working hard to eliminate and separate.
So we totally ripped out the parking lot and then installed some small vaults, if you will, in the tree section area where then we've got pervious asphalt, but then the water will be collected and drain into the sandy soil here and no longer go into our sewer system, which is tremendous.
And then the Turn to the River project is a partnership we have with art spaces here to enhance the government campus and help people to get from downtown to the river. And so phase one is in between the courthouse and City Hall. There'll be additional phases on this campus and then beyond the campus to actually get people a nice, enjoyable, relaxing pathway to get to the Wabash River.
A new art plaza to be complete in May links the city to the Wabash River. (Joe Hren, WFIU/WTIU News)
Hren: It's interesting because Columbus is also embracing the river and more cities are realizing this is an economic tool as well, it's a shift in thinking from a hundred years ago or so.
Bennett: Roughly 15 years ago there was a major effort and we developed a plan for the riverfront. And we've been implementing ever since. So we're getting ready to start on another track to update that plan, celebrate the accomplishments, but then kind of look to the next phases. And Fairbanks Park is a big part of that.
We recently hosted an open house for the public and we've hired a consultant to help us develop a master plan for that. And, when you look back any community that's done riverfront things, it takes 20, 30, 50 years to get it done. And so I think we're doing really well for been doing this for 15 years.
Pervious asphalt allows water to seep into the ground and not the storm sewer. (Joe Hren, WFIU/WTIU News)
Hren: The big news, the Terre Haute Convention Center is open for business and had a ribbon cutting ceremony Saturday.
Bennett: We started the planning of this back in 2014. And here we are today. Multiple events are being scheduled. I think we've got 65 over the next two and a half years. Some of the contracts aren't signed yet, but we're pretty confident it'll get done.
We believe this will ramp up since a lot of conventions and large events are booked out three years in advance. The impact will be that people come here and obviously book hotel rooms, which helps us from lodging tax perspective, when they go out to eat contributing to the food and beverage tax. And then just spending money with small businesses or wherever else they may do while they're here.
So who knows what the true measurement is at the end of the day, and I know it's going to be tremendous. It puts us on the map and does things that we couldn't do before. Its about having a great time, go home thinking that was a great experience. That will help us recruit people to live here, and everything else. It's a catalyst.
The Terre Haute Convention Center main entry off Wabash Ave. (Joe Hren, WFIU/WTIU News)
Hren: It's been a while, remind us how it's being funded?
Bennett: We created the CIB. Since the CIB is connected with the county, they're the ones that provided the bonding capacity. So we were able to do that through the food and beverage tax, which we're generating over $2 million a year with that. And then the city made a $10 million commitment of economic development funds, the county made a $10 million commitment. And the convention tourism bureau made a $5 million commitment. And then the city redevelopment commission added another $4 million. So we've got cash that comes in two times a year. And then the food and beverage tax is coming in monthly. And then the revenue now will start coming in from the actual events that are going on.
Hren: And I know the last time we talked, you're still looking at more hotels and parking?
Bennett: We're looking at two new hotels, we've had discussions with the ownership, they want to do it, they're ready to go. We're already turning business away at the convention center that they need another couple of hundred hotel rooms and so that's our next focus and effort is to get those hotels built with a small parking garage to support those two. We have to get it done.
Hren: I don't have this confirmed, but heard that some other conventions that maybe went to Bloomington or Indianapolis are booking here now.
Bennett: People travel around but they haven't been able to come to Terre Haute forever. I mean, some never. And so we're going to get in that circuit. And I think it's great for all of our Indiana communities, people go experience something different. And so we're gonna bring as many different things and get in on that circuit, if you will, and expose a lot of people to Terre Haute that have never had that opportunity. It brings people to Indiana.
The proposed location for Churchill Downs hotel casino. (Google Maps)
Hren: Any word of a casino groundbreaking?
Bennett: The last I heard was it's still targeted for the end of May. They haven't set the exact date. But that's the goal, end of May, first week of June, somewhere in that two week span. Everything seems to still be on target, just waiting on a couple of final approvals, red tape kind of things. But it's all coming together very nicely.
Hren: The Pride Center of Terre Haute is getting ready to host its first ever Pride festival in the city. How much is the city supporting that?
Bennett: We've been very supportive with them creating their face downtown, I think that's really a neat thing that you have a place to go and visit, access resources. I attended their grand opening for that. And I pop my head in every once and awhile downtown just to see what's going on. But there's always a lot of energy there. And so now they're wanting to ramp that up and do more community activities.
And so absolutely, we'll help support them like we do everybody else here that's wanting to engage people and show us as a welcoming community and the more activities going on, the better. I always support that. And I think it's just kind of neat what they're doing and the approach they're taking. And it's been very positive.
Ask The Mayor: Terre Haute's Bennett on school shootings, casino groundbreaking, failed referendum
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Eli Lilly announces $500K for community public health research, addressing disparities
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EPA investigates pollution at old oil refinery in East Chicago next to USS Lead
Holcomb won't dismiss criticism of Indiana despite new economic investments
Indiana signs trade MOU with United Kingdom
Clarksville Starbucks files to unionize, first to do so in Indiana


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James Braid (* 19. Juni 1795 in St. Serf Inch, Kinross-shire, Schottland; † 25. März 1860 in Manchester) war ein schottischer Chirurg und Hypnoseforscher.

Leben
James Braid war der dritte Sohn und das siebte und jüngste Kind von James Braid und dessen Frau Anne Suttie.

Braid ging bei den Chirurgen Thomas und Charles Anderson in Leith in die Lehre und studierte als Teil der Lehre auch von 1812 bis 1814 an der Universität Edinburgh, wo er 1815 ein Chirurgendiplom erlangte. Anschließend fand er eine Chirurgenstelle bei den Bergwerken in Leadhills. Am 17. November 1813 heiratete er Margaret Mason (1792–1869). In der Zeit in Leadhills hatte das Paar vier Kinder, von denen zwei später das Erwachsenenalter erreichten.

1825 eröffnete Braid eine eigene Praxis in Dumfries, zog aber 1828 nach Manchester, wo er bis zu seinem Tod praktizieren sollte. Als studierter Chirurg war er Mitglied in zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Vereinigung des Königreichs; er galt als Kapazität bei der Behandlung von Fehlbildungen, insbesondere von Klumpfuß, und war auch als Augenchirurg bekannt.

Braid wurde im November 1841 durch eine Demonstration des Magnetiseurs Charles Lafontaine (1803–1892) auf den "Animalischen Magnetismus" aufmerksam. Nach weiteren Vorführungen des Magnetiseurs war Braid überzeugt, dass es sich um ein wissenschaftlich ergründbares Phänomen handele. Anders als von den Magnetiseuren wie Lafontaine propagiert, glaubte Braid nicht an eine Verwandtschaft zum physikalischen Magnetismus. In seinen Untersuchungen und Experimenten gelang es ihm, sich selbst in einen Trancezustand zu versetzen, sowie Lafontaines Magnetisier-Experiment ohne Körperkontakt zu reproduzieren. Noch im selben Monat, im November 1841, postulierte er eigene, neue Theorien über einen psychophysiologischen Zusammenhang und prägte hierfür den Ausdruck Neurohypnology (Neurohypnotismus, in Anlehnung an das griechische Wort für Schlaf hypnos), welches er später auch zu Neurypnology verkürzte. Braid definierte seinen Neuro-Hypnotismus auch als nervous sleep, der vom natürlichen Schlaf signifikant abweiche. Der heutige Begriff der Hypnose war bereits 1820 in Frankreich geprägt worden, und auch Braid verwendete dieses Wort (als hypnosis für den somnambulen Schlaf) der Kürze halber. Im Original seines Buches Neurypnology von 1843 ist entgegen anders lautenden Informationen keine Rede vom Gott des Schlafes Hypnos.

Die verschiedentlichen okkulten Erklärungen rund um das Phänomen lehnte Braid ab, wurde aber dennoch 1842 von dem calvinistischen Prediger Hugh M'Neile mit den "satanischen", okkulten "Hexern" wie Lafontaine gleichgesetzt, die das "Werk des Teufels" praktizierten. Dies veranlasste Braid zu Gegendarstellungen, skeptisch aufgenommenen Berichten an die wissenschaftlichen Vereinigungen, bei denen er Mitglied war, sowie 1843 zur Veröffentlichung seines Buches zu dem Thema. 1844 gab er in Manchester einen vielbeachteten öffentlichen Vortrag.

Um 1852/53 prüfte Braid auch die Experimente von Michael Faraday und William Benjamin Carpenter zur okkulten Praxis des Tischerückens (vergleichbar dem Gläserrücken), welches über lange Zeit mit Geistern erklärt wurde, danach mit einer ektenischen Kraft der Seance-Teilnehmer. Braid bestätigte hingegen die Theorien seiner Kollegen zum ideomotorischen Prinzip.

Zu einer Zeit, als in der medizinischen Anästhesie gerade die allerersten erfolgreichen Versuche durchgeführt wurden, war die Hypnose eine der wenigen Methoden zur Schmerzstillung bei Operationen. In Großbritannien wurde er nach seinem Tod 1860 kaum noch beachtet, in Frankreich hingegen wurden seine Ideen aufgegriffen. Kurz vor seinem Tod hatte Braid seinem französischen Kollegen Étienne Eugène Azam ein heute verlorenes Manuskript über den Hypnotismus, welches Wort er als hypnotism (für das alte mesmerism) benutzte, gesandt.

Schriften
 James Braid: Neurypnology; or the rationale of nervous sleep, considered in relation with animal magnetism. Illustrated by numerous cases of its successful applications in the relief and cure of disease. John Churchill, London 1843.
 James Braid: Hypnotic therapeutics, illustrated by cases. With an appendix on table-moving and spirit-rapping, reprinted from The Monthly Journal of Medical Science, July (1853), p. 20.
 James Braid: Die Suggestion und ihre Heilwirkung. Übersetzt von Sigmund Freud, Leipzig und Wien 1882.
 William Thierry Preyer: Die Entdeckung des Hypnotismus. Dargestellt von W. Preyer … Nebst einer ungedruckten Original-Abhandlung von Braid in Deutscher Uebersetzung Verlag von Gebrüder Paetel, Berlin 1881.
 William Thierry Preyer: Der Hypnotismus: Vorlesungen gehalten an der K. Friedrich-Wilhelm's-Universität zu Berlin, von W. Preyer. Nebst Anmerkungen und einer nachgelassenen Abhandlung von Braid aus dem Jahre 1845. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Wien 1890.

Siehe auch
 Braidismus

Literatur
 Lindsay Bertram Yeates: James Braid: Surgeon, Gentleman Scientist, and Hypnotist. 2013 (Ph.D. Dissertation, School of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Januar 2013).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Chirurg
Mediziner (19. Jahrhundert)
Brite
Schotte
Geboren 1795
Gestorben 1860
Mann


text:
Q: iOS Notification observer Unit Test (objective c) I would like to write unit tests for my class that is registered as observer for few notifications. Is there any best approach, how to write and how to write them?
Thanks

A: As long as your test doesn't create other objects that listen to those same notifications:

*

*Create an instance of your class

*Fire off a notification

*Confirm the expected results

I show this technique in a screencast: How to TDD Model-View-Controller in iOS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange