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Latin America and the Caribbean: Time for Reforms to Address Long-Standing Challenges, Says New Report
Category: South America & Caribbean Business News
The Development Centre of the OECD, ECLAC, CAF and the European Commission launch today their joint report Latin American Economic Outlook (LEO) 2021.
Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) is the region most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and at risk of seeing the socio-economic gains of recent decades being reversed. Recovery strategies must comprise well-sequenced reforms that promote universal social protection systems, accelerate the formalisation of economies, improve fiscal progressivity, and deepen regional integration, says the Latin American Economic Outlook (LEO) 2021: Working Together for a Better Recovery.
According to this 14th edition of the report, LAC experienced a historical economic downturn in 2020. The region's gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by around 7.0%. Despite a rebound of around 6.0% in 2021, its GDP per capita is not expected to return to pre‑crisis levels before 2023‑24. The impact of the crisis has been asymmetric, particularly affecting the most vulnerable groups. As a result, poverty and extreme poverty levels are at their highest in 20 and 12 years, respectively.
While the report recognises the considerable efforts made to protect most vulnerable, including women, the youth and elderly during the pandemic, it also stresses that close to 40% of workers had no social protection when LAC countries entered the crisis. This is largely because, on average, more than 50% of workers in the region work informally. Advancing towards universal social protection systems is fundamental to protect those most in need in the post-pandemic context.
According to LEO, a robust and inclusive recovery requires more productive integration in strategic sectors including the automotive, pharmaceutical and renewable energy sectors, the circular economy and sustainable agriculture. It also demands an urgent holistic fiscal response: greater progressivity of the taxation system, higher tax compliance, stronger tax administration, and eliminating inefficient tax expenditures. Reducing tax evasion and avoidance or eliminating some tax expenditures that represent close to 4% of GDP could increase revenues and equity without compromising the economic recovery.
LEO 2021 highlights that only 38% of citizens trusted their governments in 2020, down from 45% in 2010. Social discontent remains a key concern, as seen in the protests in some countries of the region. Moreover, satisfaction with public services, including education and health, markedly decreased during the pandemic. For education, it decreased from 66% in 2019 to 53% in 2020. As a response, the report explores policy actions to rethink the social contract in the region, suggesting four principles to guide a process of consensus building: conciliate, contextualise, compensate, and communicate.
The publication also stresses the role of international cooperation in facilitating the emergence of such new development models and a new social contract in the region. National responses to both the sanitary and socio economic consequences of the crisis need to be accompanied by renewed partnerships for the recovery that place sustainability, resilience and well-being at their core. The design of debt treatment paying attention to each country's characteristics, in particular the challenges faced by Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean countries, is essential for a successful recovery.
The LEO is jointly produced by the Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN-ECLAC), CAF's Development Bank of Latin America and the European Commission.
Posted in Articles, South America & Caribbean Business News, South America & Caribbean Business News
The High Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Caribbean is Exacerbating the Pandemic's Impact and Hindering the Subregion's Progress Towards Sustainable Development
Alicia Bárcena, Executive Secretary of ECLAC, and Camillo Gonsalves, Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Information Technology of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, led a seminar on this issue prior to the 20th meeting of the Monitoring Committee of the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee.
The high prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the Caribbean – such as high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer – is exacerbating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and hindering the subregion's progress towards achieving sustainable development due to their multiple health, economic and social consequences, according to the authorities, representatives of international organizations and specialists participating in a virtual event organized by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) prior to the Twentieth meeting of the Monitoring Committee of the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC), to be held today.
The Seminar on non-communicable diseases and their impact on sustainable development in the Caribbean was inaugurated by Alicia Bárcena, Executive Secretary of ECLAC, and Camillo Gonsalves, Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Information Technology of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The moderator was Diane Quarless, Director of ECLAC's Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean, located in Port-of-Spain.
"Not only does the COVID-19 pandemic continue to rage in the Caribbean," Alicia Bárcena affirmed upon emphasizing that it is "one of the subregions of the world with the highest prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)."
Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that NCDs are the main cause of death in the subregion's countries, ranging from 57% in Haiti to 83% in Barbados, she stated. In each Caribbean country, more than half of all deaths annually can be attributed to non-communicable diseases, which also contribute significantly to disability, ECLAC's Executive Secretary warned.
The pandemic has aggravated the risks that people with non-communicable diseases face: not only do they continue to be at greater risk of dying or suffering severe illness from COVID-19 infection, they also have been affected by interruptions in health care due to services being overburdened, Bárcena explained.
In this context, the high-level United Nations representative called for accelerating vaccination efforts. The rate of full vaccination in the Caribbean amounts to 35.2%, with great heterogeneity between countries. This percentage, she indicated, is below the global rate (39.0%) and that of Latin America (47.5%).
"The entire region of Latin America and the Caribbean should strengthen production, distribution and access to medicines and vaccines. To achieve this, on September 18, ECLAC presented the Plan for self-sufficiency in health matters requested by the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC). We are moving from design to implementation of the plan, with focal points in all the countries and various meetings planned for the coming months. We hope the Caribbean will join us," Bárcena stated.
In his remarks, Minister Camillo Gonsalves of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines expressed appreciation for the opportunity to address the problem of non-communicable diseases at a time when all Caribbean countries are fighting the pandemic and many of their ministers and leaders are talking about climate change and the subregion's future in the framework of the 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26).
"Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 6 of the 10 main causes of death in the subregion" and they entail a heavy economic cost for governments, due to high health expenditures, as well as for people, Minister Gonsalves said. NCDs have a disproportionate impact on people living in poverty, which means that addressing them constitutes a development challenge for the Caribbean, which is also true for other phenomena such as climate change, he noted.
"Non-communicable diseases are within our control, they are preventable," the Minister acknowledged, affirming that current policies are not effective because they are not sufficiently focused on prevention, nor do they include cross-sector and coordinated approaches.
The seminar's first panel featured remarks by Kenneth George, Chief Medical Officer of Barbados; Fitzroy Henry, Professor at the College of Health Sciences of the University of Technology of Jamaica; Kavita Singh, Senior Research Scientist at the Public Health Foundation of India; and Francis Morey, Deputy Director of Health Services of Belize; while Simon Anderson, Professor and Director of the George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Center at The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus Barbados, acted as moderator. Subsequently, Joy St. John, Executive Director of the Caribbean Public Health Agency, led a discussion.
Participating in the second and final panel were Anselm Hennis, Director of the Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health at the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO); Rachel Nugent, Vice President of Global Noncommunicable Diseases at RTI International; Stanley Lalta, from the Centre for Health Economics of The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago; and Rosa Sandoval, Coordinator of the Economics of NCDs Team at PAHO. Acting as moderator was Abdullahi Abdulkadri, an official at ECLAC's Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean.
The specialists called on governments to invest in a comprehensive approach to NCDs, with a focus on strengthening primary care and preventing risk factors such as an unsuitable diet, physical inactivity and tobacco and alcohol abuse. They also urged for taking growing mental health problems into consideration.
At the close of the event, Alicia Bárcena summed up what had been discussed, delivering 10 messages. First, she said, COVID-19 was a wake-up call about the importance of addressing non-communicable diseases. Because care and treatment for NCDs were reduced during the pandemic, it is urgently necessary to support the efforts of health services with innovations in telemedicine and other solutions, she sustained. She also posed the need to utilize all available tools to foster healthy lifestyles, strengthen primary health care and community-based programs, and promote food security, nutrition-sensitive social protection and support for farmers.
Bárcena further contended that it is critical to achieve greater equity in access to essential medicines, reduced waiting times and reduced out-of-pocket payment burdens for people, while also expanding partnerships with academic institutions in the Caribbean and reinforcing inter-agency collaboration. The idea of using taxes on unhealthy products is also generating interest and should be carefully weighed using a sound socioeconomic analysis, she added.
To procure a resilient post-pandemic recovery, Caribbean countries need a healthy and productive workforce, the Commission's Executive Secretary stressed. The GDP of the Caribbean dropped by 7.7% in 2020 as a result of the pandemic, compounding the high rates of indebtedness faced by the subregion's countries. ECLAC estimates that in 2021, the Caribbean's GDP will only grow by 4.1%.
"By taking an economic approach to the analysis of the NCD problem, we hope that policies aimed at promoting health and preventing disease will not only be cost-effective but that they may also be cost-saving, thereby making government health expenditures more effective," Bárcena emphasized. This is a problem for society as a whole, which must be addressed beyond the health field. "Interventions on non-communicable diseases are within our reach. You can count on ECLAC."
Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean Join Forces to Drive Circularity
Taking the first steps of collaboration among the regions, the respective countries are pursuing efforts to scale circularity through the promotion of conducive public policies and the creation of investment opportunities.
The practice of using discarded products are raw materials to be used as a new product or material, is in some respects more efficient than simply recycling. With this in mind, the African Circular Economy Alliance (ACEA), and the Circular Economy Coalition of Latin America and the Caribbean (CECLAC) have organized the first regional dialogue to strengthen cooperation around their common objectives.
The event titled "Regional deep-dive: Africa, Latin America & the Caribbean joining forces for circularity", took place as part of the World Circular Economy Forum 2021, organized by Sitra and Environment & Climate Change Canada. The event, held on 15 September, was launched by the Ministers of Environment of Colombia and Rwanda, who underlined the role that the circular economy can play in driving a green recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. Being key advocates in their respective regions, both countries are also part of the Global Alliance on Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency.
The high-level keynote speeches were followed by a panel discussion moderated by James Mwangi, Executive Director of Dalberg, which brought together key circular economy practitioners from Africa and Latin America.
Discussions were held among entrepreneurs, academics, and champions on the need to scale up the transition towards circular economies. "Circular economy is a key puzzle piece to reach the climate targets. It will be instrumental in driving the change in key sectors … Latin America and Africa can be frontrunners in this journey, where governments and industry work together," said Gonzalo Muñoz, High-Level Climate Action Champion – COP25.
Wanjiru Waweru Waithaka, founder and CEO of FunKidz, added: "Circular economy is not a new concept to Africa. From our traditional building techniques to the way we stored water and food. We did not waste, nor depend on factory-produced items. We need to go back into our cultures and relearn how to live in and with nature."
Panelist Kenneth Amaeshi, Chair of Business and Sustainable Development at the University of Edinburgh, and entrepreneurs from both regions, showcased concrete business models that SMEs are undertaking and implementation solutions to achieve a circular economy.
"I have no doubt that Africa's youth will be a game changer for the circular economy," said Anthony Nyong, Regional Director of the Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) Africa, closing the meeting. "Africa is the continent where most of its infrastructure needed is yet to be built. There is an opportunity to build climate-resilient systems that provide jobs for the youth." He concluded by announcing the first edition of the African Youth Adaptation Solutions (YouthAdapt) Challenge call for applications launched by GCA and the African Development Bank.
The key takeaways of the event echoed the outcomes of the first High-level Meeting of the Global Alliance on Circular Economy & Resource Efficiency (GACERE) held the day before, during which Ministers of Environment of several countries and representatives from multilateral organizations emphasized the need for stronger regional cooperation to accelerate the adoption of the circular economy model worldwide. Representing the African Development Bank, the Acting Director for Climate Change and Green Growth, Al-Hamdou Dorsouma, stated that policies, financing and the upskilling of African youth and workers will be key enablers for the circular economy transition.
With its strong climate benefits, most notably the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the circular economy is likely to be on the agenda at COP26, which will be held in November in Glasgow.
Posted in Articles, South America & Caribbean Business News
Amid the COVID-19 Crisis, Latin America and the Caribbean Received in 2020 the Lowest Amount of Foreign Direct Investment in a Decade
In a new report, ECLAC calls on the region's countries to channel FDI flows – which are expected to hold steady in 2021 – towards activities that generate greater productivity, innovation and technology.
In the context of the severe health, economic and social crisis prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic, Latin America and the Caribbean received $105.48 billion dollars in Foreign Direct Investment in 2020 – 34.7% less than in 2019, 51% less than the record high achieved in 2012, and the lowest amount since 2010, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) indicated today upon presenting its annual study Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2021.
Globally, the amount of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) dropped by 35% in 2020 to approximately $1 trillion dollars, which represents the lowest value since 2005. Latin America and the Caribbean has experienced a downward trend since 2013, which has spotlighted the relationship between FDI flows and commodity price cycles, mainly in South America, according to the report launched at a virtual press conference held by Alicia Bárcena, the United Nations regional organization's Executive Secretary.
The international context suggests that global FDI flows will recover slowly. Furthermore, the pursuit of assets in sectors that are strategic for the international reactivation and for public plans to transform the productive structure (infrastructure, the health industry, the digital economy) indicates that most of these operations will be centered on Europe, North America and some countries in Asia, increasing global asymmetries, the study warns.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, FDI projects experienced a rebound between September 2020 and February 2021; however, from that month to May 2021, it appears that a new drop occurred in the value of the announcements made. "In this scenario, it is difficult to imagine that FDI inflows into the region could increase by more than 5% in 2021," ECLAC's report states.
"FDI has made relevant contributions in Latin America and the Caribbean, but there are no elements indicating that in the last decade it has contributed to significant changes in the region's productive structure or that it has served as a catalyst for transforming the productive development model. Today, the challenge is greater due to the characteristics and magnitude of the crisis. We need to channel FDI towards activities that generate greater productivity, innovation and technology," Alicia Bárcena sustained.
ECLAC, she said, has identified eight strategic sectors to drive a big push for sustainability in the region. These sectors – which could be bolstered by FDI – are the transition to renewable energy; sustainable electromobility in cities; an inclusive digital revolution; the health-care manufacturing industry; the bioeconomy; the care economy; the circular economy; and sustainable tourism.
The report indicates that FDI increased in just five of the region's countries in 2020: the Bahamas and Barbados in the Caribbean; Ecuador and Paraguay in South America; and Mexico, which is the second-biggest recipient in the region after Brazil. The natural resources and manufacturing sectors, with declines of -47% and -38%, respectively, were the hardest hit in 2020. Renewable energy held steady as the sector in the region that sparks the most interest among foreign investors.
In 2020, the United States increased its participation in the region's FDI from 27% to 37%, amid a sharp decline for Europe (which fell from 51% to 38%) and Latin America (which went from 10% to 6%). "The smaller decline of the United States as a source of FDI is due mainly to the increase in that country's investments in Brazil in 2020. In contrast, the inflows from the two European countries that had the most investments in Brazil – the Netherlands and Luxembourg – fell between 2020 and 2019, which led to Europe having less weight as an investor," the document states.
In 2020, the flows of Latin American transnational enterprises (known as translatinas) also plunged (-73%), although with sharp heterogeneity: while Chile and Mexico showed an increase in direct investment flows abroad, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Panama recorded setbacks.
"In addition to maintaining emergency aid for the most vulnerable sectors of the population and smaller companies, the region's countries should set in motion strategic plans both for reactivation and the transformation of production. Governments and the private sector should use their capacities so that the policy for attracting foreign capital becomes part of industrial policy as an instrument for transforming the productive structure," Bárcena emphasized.
The second chapter of the report, entitled "Chinese investment in a changing world: repercussions for the region," poses that "Latin America and the Caribbean's process for recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to start a new phase in its economic relations with China and to develop policies to ensure that investments by that country contribute to building productive capacities in receiving countries, to establishing ties with local suppliers, to creating employment, and to promoting sustainable development. Multilateralism must be part of this strategic approach."
Finally, the third chapter, entitled "Investment strategies in the digital age," analyzes digital development in the world and the region through a conceptual model that includes three dimensions (connected economy, digital economy and digitized economy) and addresses numerous challenges related to inclusion, innovation, regulation and taxation, among others. FDI can contribute to the digital transformation in Latin America and the Caribbean, ECLAC affirms, but if the structural characteristics of the region's economies are not taken into account, digitalization could widen existing gaps and produce greater exclusion and distributive inequality, it concludes.
Brazil Leapfrogs Indonesia As Most Complex Place To Do Business in 2021
Eighth annual Global Business Complexity Index (GBCI) reveals focus on good governance and responsible business; tougher penalties for breaching regulations; long-term impact of Covid-19 on global business landscape.
The comprehensive report by TMF Group, a leading professional services firm, analyses rules, regulations, tax rates, penalties and compliance issues across 77 jurisdictions, accounting for 92% of the world's total GDP and 95% of net global FDI flows.
292 indicators are tracked annually, offering data on key aspects of doing business, including incorporation timelines, payroll and benefits, and staying compliant.
Brazil ranks as the most complex jurisdiction this year, leading a list of six Latin America countries in the top ten, with Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia and Costa Rica close behind. Brazil's ranking owes a lot to bureaucracy: businesses register with three different levels of authorities (federal, state and city) when incorporating. Furthermore, tax rates differ from city to city and state to state.
France and Poland top the European rankings as the 2nd and 10th most complex. Indonesia, at number six, is the only jurisdiction in APAC in the top ten.
Denmark and Hong Kong are the simplest jurisdictions, followed by the Cayman Islands, Ireland and Curaçao. Denmark's success is driven by a straightforward incorporation process, acceptance of English documentation, and digitalisation.
The UK has moved down to 58th, meaning it is simpler to do business. The conclusion of Brexit, along with new international trade agreements, brings increased clarity and stability. Familiarity with digital tax processes has increased and the legislative environment stabilised – law changes resulting in greater economic substance requirements are unlikely to be approved within the next five years.
The United States continues to be an attractive destination, ranking 7th least complex. Factors driving ease of doing business include the three-week turnaround to incorporate via a single body, the ability to pay taxes from a foreign bank account, and that company directors need not be US residents.
TMF Group CEO Mark Weil said: "Our 2021 report is written in the shadow of Covid-19 and the disruptions to travel, trade and health that it has brought. Within that difficult backdrop, attracting and encouraging business investment remains a critical driver of the world economy and local prosperity, and we at TMF Group are pleased to play our part in encouraging simplification by regulators and governments.
"A continuing observation, from our eight years of reporting on complexity, is that some of the most attractive markets to operate in are both the most complex and the most punitive for getting things wrong. Firms typically have a small number of large bases, often in relatively simple locations to operate in. They then have a long tail of offices at lower scale in more complex locations. That exposure caused by their 'complex tail' is where risk concentrates."
In addition to analysing 77 locations, the report identifies key themes shaping the global business landscape and regulatory environment.
Stricter penalties
There has been a global increase in penalties for non-compliance. Fines are the most common penalty for accounting and tax misdemeanours, imposed for doing business without being tax registered in 93% of jurisdictions in 2021 compared to 84% last year.
Penalties are more stringent in complex jurisdictions. While 45% of jurisdictions globally can suspend an operating licence for doing business without being tax registered, this jumps to 70% in more complex jurisdictions. Since 2020, there has also been an increase in fines for errors in tax reporting and payment.
Rise of responsible governance
There is renewed focus on ensuring companies behave responsibly across all business activities, from employing workers to paying taxes and ensuring transparent structures.
Requirements such as UBO and PSC have remained steady since 2020, as has the percentage of jurisdictions adopting ownership records, demonstrating that transparency processes are consistent year-on-year. The report shows the requirement to provide UBO and/or PSC information to a central register is highest in EMEA at 82% of jurisdictions compared to 43% in APAC.
The mandated involvement of a third party in business operations has increased. In 2020, 17% of jurisdictions required that an entity appoint and register a certified accountant, compared to 27% in 2021.
Impact of Covid-19 on digitalisation, HR and payroll
Covid-19 has accelerated the trends toward process digitalisation and simplification of interactions between businesses and government authorities. In 2021 the automatic notification of all relevant state authorities when a company incorporates rose to 14% of jurisdictions globally, up from 6% in 2020.
Some jurisdictions are temporarily permitting digital signatures, a step which is predicted by our experts to become a long-term change. Conversely, there have been significant delays in jurisdictions such as Colombia and Argentina where in-person appointments are required to process incorporation documentation.
The report highlights how the pandemic has changed how companies manage employees. In 2021, 20% of jurisdictions allowed businesses to dismiss an employee without reason, falling from 29% in 2020. North America's 14 jurisdictions contributed most to this fall, with 64% permitting such dismissals in 2020 versus 23% in 2021.
Remote working and a globalised workforce bring challenges in hiring and payroll, across and within jurisdictions. In the US, Covid-19 has led to companies hiring remote workers in different states, bringing payroll challenges because income taxes are set and reported at state level.
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Posted in Articles, South America & Caribbean Business News, U.S. Business news
Labor Markets in the Region Will Be Slow to Recover from the Severe Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
A new ECLAC-ILO joint publication warns that in order to reduce the high unemployment rates seen during the pandemic, significant efforts will be needed on employment policies aimed at the most vulnerable groups.
Regional GDP in 2020 experienced a -7.1% contraction, the biggest in a century, producing in turn a drop in employment and an increase in the unemployment rate, which reached 10.5% on average that same year, ECLAC and the ILO indicate in a new study released earlier in June.
The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) launched this Monday, June 14, edition No. 24 of their joint publication, Employment Situation in Latin America and the Caribbean (June 2021) – now available online – in which they analyze the impact of the crisis prompted by COVID-19 on the main labor market indicators in 2020.
According to the document, the biggest effects were seen in the second quarter of last year, when governments implemented confinement measures and others aimed at containing the pandemic. These measures produced a sharp drop in economic activity, employment, and in the number of hours worked. Many workers, mainly informal ones, were unable to continue their productive tasks and had to withdraw from the market, which prevented them from earning income for their households and acting in a countercyclical way, as in previous crises. Furthermore, the suspension of care services and schools gave rise to a heavy workload inside homes, which is unequally distributed in general, overburdening women in particular.
Starting in the third quarter of the year, workers began returning to the labor market and a gradual increase in employment was observed. However, 2020 ended with lower levels of labor participation and employment and higher levels of unemployment than what existed before the pandemic.
"Given the depth of the impact of the crisis in the region's labor markets in 2020, countries must implement policies that stimulate job creation, particularly among the most vulnerable groups such as young people and women," Alicia Bárcena, ECLAC's Executive Secretary, and Vinícius Pinheiro, the ILO's Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean, stated in the publication's foreword. The two officials also stressed the importance of regulating new forms of hiring through digital platforms.
According to the report, the contraction in employment in 2020 was much more pronounced in sectors such as the hotel business (19.2%), construction (11.7%), trade (10.8%) and transportation (9.2%), which together account for around 40% of regional employment. At the same time, industry (8.6%) and other services (7.5%) also experienced contractions, while in the agricultural sector there were comparatively fewer job losses (2.4%).
Both United Nations organizations emphasize that it is essential to think about strategies that would enable laying the foundations for a return to the job market with better labor conditions for all workers. This entails shoring up the employment recovery in the most highly affected categories and sectors, improving institutional aspects regarding health and job safety, formalizing workers, promoting women's labor inclusion, and adequately regulating new work modalities.
In the current edition of the Employment Situation in Latin America and the Caribbean, ECLAC and the ILO also examine key aspects of decent work for workers mediated by digital platforms. During the pandemic, these workers constituted a very important source of employment due to the need to reduce personal contact and maintain the dispatch of essential goods. However, evidence suggests that there is a high degree of precariousness in this work modality characterized by instability, long workdays, the absence of socio-labor protection, and the lack of options for dialogue and representation.
The report emphasizes the need to design adequate regulatory frameworks to achieve the goal of establishing and protecting social and labor rights for these new and expanding work modalities.
Alicia Bárcena Calls for Prioritizing Nature-based Solutions to Protect Ecosystem Integrity and Biodiversity, and Place Value on their Contribution to the Economy and Society
The Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Alicia Bárcena, called today for taking decisive climate action including to decarbonize economies, restore ecosystems and place value on their contribution to the economy and society, during a seminar organized by the Regional Office of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the National College of Mexico.
During her presentation on the economic perspective regarding sustainability, the senior United Nations official stressed the urgency of changing the development paradigm and model that have led us to overshoot the planet's limits, with high economic and social costs.
"A window of opportunity opens today to rethink the development of the infrastructure of life: environment and nature, health, pensions, housing, employment, social protection, and moving towards a care society," Alicia Bárcena affirmed.
ECLAC's highest authority was one of the main speakers on the second day of the event held to present the report Making Peace with Nature: A scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies, produced by UNEP, which was moderated by Julia Carabias, an academic from the Faculty of Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Participating in the event with Alicia Bárcena were José Sarukhán, National Coordinator of the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO); Cristián Samper, President and Chief Executive of the Wildlife Conservation Society; Hesiquio Benítez, Director of International Cooperation and Implementation of CONABIO; María Jesús Iraola, Lead Author and Coordinator of the sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6) for Youth report; and Piedad Martin, UNEP's Deputy Regional Director in Latin America and the Caribbean.
In her presentation, ECLAC's Executive Secretary stressed that the region has extraordinary, but highly threatened, biodiversity, with the greatest loss of primary forest, 31 areas with eutrophication of the seas and 19 dead zones, 25% of socio-environmental conflicts globally, and incomplete and fragmented environmental institutions with small budgets and weak regulations.
She added that during the pandemic, the region has experienced greater use of natural resources for subsistence, self-employment, energy and food, among other purposes. It has also recorded an increase in illegality, above all in mining; a weakening of environmental rules and of environmental impact assessments on major development projects; reprimarization; and a reduction in environmental budgets.
Alicia Bárcena specified that COVID-19 broke out in the region in the context of three structural crises: a social crisis that is reflected in the high levels of inequality, with severe social, political and economic consequences; an economic crisis that translates into low growth in production and trade, and the decoupling of the financial system; and an environmental crisis that is manifested in environmental degradation that is irreversible in many cases, with potentially disastrous consequences for the planet.
"These three crises and the policies needed to overcome them mutually interact. Changing the region's development pattern requires acting on all three in a coordinated way. To achieve this, a minimum growth rate of 4% is needed. This must be accompanied by a very sharp redistribution – that the wealthiest 1% give to the poorest 1% – and that is only attainable through fiscal policies," Alicia Bárcena explained.
She emphasized that ECLAC proposes a transformative recovery with equality and sustainability. To that end, the Commission has identified eight sectors that promote technical change, generate employment and reduce external constraints and the environmental footprint. These are the transition towards renewable energy, sustainable electromobility in cities, an inclusive digital revolution, the health-care manufacturing industry, the bioeconomy, the care economy, the circular economy, and sustainable tourism.
ECLAC's Executive Secretary called for bridging the short and long term through expansionary fiscal policy and low interest rates, an increase in tax collection using the criteria of progressivity, the expansion of sources of taxation, and the harnessing of sources of public finance to mobilize private financing, such as bonds and green finance.
On environmental matters, she called for internalizing the information available in countries' national accounts, introducing environmental taxes or adjusting those already in existence, incorporating sustainability into the evaluation of investment, and measuring development, natural heritage and well-being and not just market transactions, among other measures.
Finally, Alicia Bárcena urged for strengthening regional integration.
"We are a megadiverse region and we have to talk about biodiversity with a single voice, and with a renewed multilateralism," she concluded.
COVID-19 is Showing Small Businesses the Benefits of Digital Financial Services
Written in collaboration with Aaron Lewin , Associate Managing Consultant at Mastercard.
Before COVID-19, small merchants globally were gradually beginning to see the power of digital financial services. Transitioning to digital services helps small businesses transact faster, smarter and safer, and opens up credit options and other benefits. It also increases their financial inclusion, which gives them the tools to achieve financial security and grow their businesses. Yet despite these benefits, many micro and small enterprises have been slow to move past their traditional, cash-based operations.
But then the pandemic struck, bringing a new awareness of the drawbacks and dangers of relying on cash. Suddenly, digital access to financial services was more than a "maybe someday" — it was an urgent priority.
In the early months of COVID-19 shutdowns, BancoSol in Bolivia — the first regulated commercial bank in the world dedicated to micro and small entrepreneurs — saw its digital transaction volumes rising. It soon realized that speeding up its digitization efforts would be key to a lasting recovery for Bolivia's small merchants, by enabling BancoSol to stay in touch with its customers and continue to support them throughout the pandemic. BancoSol serves 1.5 million microentrepreneurs in Bolivia, where the informal small business sector employs more than half the country's population , the majority of whom still operate in cash. By shifting its many microentrepreneur customers to digital services, the bank could help them weather the pandemic.
BancoSol also realized that these businesses' long-term resilience would be enhanced if they maintained their usage of digital financial services even after the crisis, so it committed to making this new trend stick. The only question was: How?
An answer to that question came via a first-of-its-kind partnership between Accion and Mastercard, which aims to empower microbusinesses to join and benefit from the digital economy, while boosting their financial inclusion. Over the past year, the partners have been supporting BancoSol to integrate responsible data use by the organization in order to better serve their customer base of microentrepreneurs.
Like many microfinance organizations, BancoSol has years of customer data. But it often didn't know what to do with all that information. To help the bank derive data-driven insights with the objective of expanding financial inclusion for microbusinesses in Bolivia, 40 Mastercard volunteers in Bogota, Colombia and Arlington, Virginia gathered virtually in a 36-hour "datathon." The goals of the exercise were to understand how to enable digital adoption by more BancoSol customers, better serve them with more products and retain them over the long term. While planning for the datathon had begun prior to the pandemic, its findings proved to support BancoSol's efforts to help its customers recover from the crisis and build financial resilience. The datathon developed the methodologies and a proof of concept for how BancoSol and other microfinance institutions can take a more data-driven, customer-centric approach. Below are the three steps it identified for tapping into customer insights to better serve the needs of micro and small business customers.
Using data to improve digital financial services for micro and small businesses
Start by understanding your typical digital customer: Analyzing customer banking patterns can help identify customer segments that are most likely to go digital. In BancoSol's case, data-driven insights indicated that its typical digital app customer was more likely to be female, and more likely to be younger compared to the average BancoSol client. By better understanding the typical digital customer, BancoSol can prioritize the customer segment that may be most-inclined towards digital adoption.
Equip loan officers with insights to match customers with products that meet their needs: The datathon analysis indicated that app users made nearly twice as many deposits as other users — linking digital adoption with increased usage. As research has shown , greater use of financial products, whether that's insurance, savings or credit, makes small businesses more resilient to shocks like COVID-19 and also ensures the bank's own sustainability. Equipped with these kinds of insights, BancoSol was able to streamline the app experience to better match customer expectations and develop clear messaging for loan officers to better communicate key benefits of going digital.
Retain customers by being proactive, not reactive: The datathon also offered insights on customer retention enabling the bank to reduce attrition by proactively engaging customers before they begin to disengage. The data-driven insights also suggested that a digital connection can improve retention in the absence of an in-person connection — a critical benefit in this era of social distancing.
Helping more financial service providers reap the benefits of data
Insights like these can help more inclusive financial service providers use their data to become more customer-centric. "The data was always there," said Carlos Otalora Martínez, national manager of information technology at BancoSol, referring to the bank's customer data. "But now we see it in a different way, with more value. This fact led us to delve into organizational changes to better leverage the data, as well as ensure that the data is structured, clean and available for consumption — actions that we are already taking with the impetus provided by the datathon exercise."
As a next step, Accion plans to develop a playbook outlining the processes and methodologies used during the datathon, so other inclusive financial service providers can use their own internal data to drive their digital transformation. The playbook will include customer segmentation concepts, as well as guidance on using statistical modeling to prioritize customers and personalize their experiences.
For BancoSol, the datathon revealed the potential of data to better support the millions of small merchants who are working hard to stay in business — and who power the Bolivian economy. If other financial inclusion-focused institutions in other markets leverage their data to similar effect, they can help to speed a digital transition that can help reduce the economic damage of the pandemic, and set micro and small enterprises on the path toward greater success after the crisis has ended.
Argentina Becomes the Second Country That Invested the Most in Bogota in 2020
Quality of human talent, as well as economic stability, were determining factors for Argentine companies to invest more than 155 million dollars in the city.
Bogota is becoming an increasingly important investment destination for Argentine companies. According to figures analyzed by Invest in Bogota for the period 2016-2020, year after year, the number of new investment and expansion projects that arrived in the city from the Latin-American country remained constantly on the rise, except for 2020.
Last year, despite the fact that the pandemic slowed the growth that had been registered in terms of projects, Invest in Bogota accompanied six new investments or expansion of Argentine companies in the Bogota Region, a figure that made it the second country that invested the most in the capital, only below the United States.
One of the most outstanding investment projects that Bogota received during the past year was from Mercadolibre, that launched a technology and innovation Center, the first of its characteristics that the company developed in Colombia, and which, according to the company, will become the engine to promote the development and growth of its operation in the local market and in Latin America.
"In the last five years, Bogota received investments from Argentina for more than 155 million dollars through 31 projects, which generated more than 3,800 direct jobs", highlights the Executive Director of Invest in Bogota, Juan Gabriel Pérez, who adds that the city, based on its strengths and what learned from the pandemic, has been strengthened and hopes to resume the path of growth in terms of investment this year.
Another of the outstanding examples of Argentine companies that have trusted Bogota and that have made the city fundamental for their international operations is Globant. This IT and software development company already has more than 3,500 employees in Colombia, most of whom are in Bogotá. In addition, the workforce that it has throughout the country is already equivalent to 30% of the total employees that the company has throughout the world.
Analyzing the behavior of Argentine investments in Bogotá during the last five years, 2019 appears as the period in which the largest number of projects arrived (nine in total), with companies in sectors such as software and IT services, corporate services, and textiles, mainly.
In 2021, Invest in Bogota expects to carry out at least two virtual campaigns in which it will promote investment by Argentine companies in sectors such as information technology and services outsourcing, creative industries, life sciences, value-added manufacturing and infrastructure.
For these reasons, Argentine companies invest in Colombia:
Conditions such as economic and political stability, as well as the country's good investment climate, are usually decisive for international companies, including Argentine ones, which decide to locate in Colombia and in its capital.
"Colombia, without a doubt, and I have been saying this for 20 years in this BPO sector, has a series of benefits and virtues that make the country a very attractive place for investment", highlights the CEO Apex America Colombia, Álvaro Pinzón, who includes in this list aspects such as labor legislation, the quality and adaptability of human talent and the geographical position of the country.
Apex America, an Argentine service outsourcing company that arrived in the country in August 2019 and that has invested about 10 million dollars, has found in Colombia and Bogota the ideal destination not only for its customer service operations, but also for the development of technological and digital solutions such as virtual agents and conversation analysis tools, both in voice and written, which are used to improve the consumer experience.
"At this moment in which the economic reactivation is advancing, we see in foreign investment a pillar of development, growth and opportunities. Colombia has a wide potential for the arrival and diversification of Argentine investment in our territory with tax incentives, clear rules and legal security, in addition to providing an export and near-shoring platform, thanks to the 17 current trade agreements that allow us to access a market of more than 1,600 million consumers in the world", said Flavia Santoro, president of ProColombia.
Thanks to the international trade agreements signed by Colombia with other countries, companies located in Bogota have direct access to the Colombian market – of US $ 271 billion – one of the largest and most dynamic in Latin America.
"It is logical to be in Colombia, a country that has given great importance to sectors such as BPO and that allows you to have a different commercial position than other countries in the region can give you. Emphasizing Bogota, this is a city located in the center of the continent, with very good air connectivity, access to international markets thanks to the country's free trade agreements and ethical and well-trained people, factors that make it easier to think about scalable operations", adds Martín Ruiz, Legal and Corporate Affairs Manager of Skytel, a BPO company with headquarters in Buenos Aires and which has 400 employees.
Cuba Accesses US$23.9 Million Grant From Green Climate Fund For Coastal Resilience Project
Posted on 8 April 2021
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) approved US$23.9 million in finance for a coastal resilience project along Cuba's southern coastline.
GCF financing will be provided during the project's first 8 years and will complement US$20.3 million of dedicated financing that will be provided by the Government of Cuba for the implementation of an ecosystem-based adaptation approach for coastal protection. The 30-year 'Mi Costa' project will enhance climate resilience for over 440,000 Cubans and protect vulnerable coastal habitats.
Delivered by the Environment Agency of the Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) with support from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the innovative project will accelerate the ambition of the Cuban Government's contribution to the Paris Agreement, enhancing ecosystem-based adaptation approaches for 1,300 kilometers of coastline across 24 municipalities. It will also provide an important basis of support for the implementation of the "State Plan to Manage Climate Change 'Tarea Vida' (Life Task)."
The island nation of Cuba is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. And while the Cuban Government has made impressive gains towards sustainable development, coastal erosion, flooding, saline intrusion, drought and sea-level rise, threaten these hard-won economic and social gains.
"Impacts from these climate drivers pose an existential threat to coastal settlements and communities. With funding from the Green Climate Fund and support from UNDP, this new project will provide valuable inputs to the Government's work under Tarea Vida. Together these efforts will help vulnerable populations adapt to risks brought on by climate change," said Dr. Odalys Goicochea, Director, General Environment Directorate of CITMA.
Projections show that if no intervention is made by the end of the 21st Century, up to 21 coastal communities will disappear entirely in Cuba, with 98 more severely affected by climate-related threats.
Hurricanes have also extensively damaged infrastructure across the island. Hurricane Matthew crossed the eastern end of Cuba in October 2016, causing over US$97 million in damages (2.6 percent of GDP). Hurricanes Ike (2008) and Sandy (2012) cost US$293 million (12.05 percent of GDP) and US$278 million (9.53 percent of GDP) respectively.
"By taking cost-effective ecosystem-based approaches, this innovative project will protect and restore natural habitats, reefs, seagrasses and mangroves, and help communities to protect their environment from the present and future risks posed by these severe tropical storms and hurricanes, sea-level rise and other climate change related risks. A key aspect of the project will be its focus on working with communities and local authorities to fully understand the value of ecosystems to their own resilience and livelihoods," said Dr. Maritza García, President of the Environment Agency.
In all, the project will restore over 11,000 hectares of mangroves, 3,000 hectares of swamp forest and 900 hectares of grass swamp. These steps will improve the health of over 9,000 hectares of seagrass beds and approximately 134 kilometers of coral reef crests – essential protections from rising seas and storm surges. The project's integrated ecosystem-based approach will allow coastal ecosystems to act as a layer of protective barriers to climate change impact seen in the form of coastal erosion and flooding while managing saline intrusion.
"The interventions on ecosystems and with the participation of communities will be reflected in the benefit of more than 1.3 million of inhabitants. "Mi Costa" will be a critical contribution to Cuba's efforts in achieving the Sustainable Developments Goals set in the 2030 Agenda," said Ms. Maribel Gutiérrez, the UNDP Cuba Resident Representative.
"Mi Costa" builds on the impacts of a highly successful coastal resilience project financed by the Adaptation Fund and implemented also with the support of UNDP and Environment Agency.
This new project will enhance adaptive capacity for vulnerable coastal communities on Cuba's southern coast by rehabilitating coastal land and seascapes, and their interlinked ecosystems and hydrology, replanting and restoring mangroves and reefs, and strengthening local climate governance and approaches for communities living on the frontlines of the climate crisis. It will be benefitted by leveraging the support of local centers for environmental education, capacity building centers as well as local and national coordination mechanisms as part of the project's long-term approach to manage climate change.


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← From Derby to Dylan, Part 1
Jerry Seltzer and his Roller Derby families →
Derby to Dylan, Part 2
Once rehearsals were ended for Dylan and company for the Rolling Thunder Revue, my job began.
It was determined ahead of time that no venue over 3000 seats would be booked on the tour, and some more would be added as it went along, kind of like traveling troubadors going from town to town. The first concert was going to be in Plymouth Mass, the home of the famous Plymouth rock where the Pilgrims first landed. The auditorium was a little over two thousand seats, all tickets were general admission and not very expensive.
My crew and I had handbills on which we printed the particulars of the concert which was scheduled for the following night…no ads, no promotion. As we walked through the legendary town we stopped people and handed them the handbills. One lady who was pushing a baby stroller looked at the piece and threw it back to me "Who the f— are you trying to kid? Dylan in this town tomorrow and we haven't heard about it on the radio?"
We immediately realized we were up against a major problem….even Springsteen does not just show up and play unannounced. I was under strict orders not to let any media know about the events, and the building managers were told if any word got out the dates would be cancelled. At this point I through this was the craziest thing I had ever been associated with. So of course I called a radio station in Boston with a rock and roll format and said I lived in Plymouth and people were handing out handbills saying Dylan, Baez et al were performing the next night in Plymouth. Well the word got out, we put tickets on sale at the building box office next morning, and the show sold out that night.
That show was the first time I was able to hear Dylan in concert; without trying he had the audience enthralled. You could tell that he and Joan were happy to be performing together again and the rest of the show picked up the energy. I was only able to see a couple of the nights of the tour as I was always out in advance but they were playing in small venues and the audience could reach out and almost touch them made me think they were playing clubs.
The subsequent dates became easier because obviously people were aware that the shows were for real. We would show up, pass out some handbills in the cities, put tickets on sale the next day at the venue box office and then move on to our next city.
My younger son Richard who was 12 at the time had a vacation, so he flew into Hartford and I met him and he joined us. We had a couple of days clear, so we met with the whole traveling party. Joan Baez immediately became friends with Richard and told the members of the press who wanted to interview her that Richard was her bodyguard. He also got to watch over the Dylan dog, an untrainable beagle.
After 10 days Richard had to go back to school and I had my longest conversation with Dylan; his son was joining the group shortly and was about Richard's age and asked if he could stay longer. Unfortunately he couldn't, so we never knew if my son could have eventually joined Jakob's band The Wallflowers. (My other son, Steve, played lead guitar in Sascha and Yuri, the first Russian Rock and Roll band to play in the US. They weren't bad, featured on Walter Cronkite and other national media. Unfortunately the Russians hated each other. This was my first and only attempt and managing a band).
At the same time of the tour, Dylan employed the whole revue in a movie he was shooting in the daytime or after the show called "Renaldo and Clara". I don't know if it is still available, but the only scene I was in was when we were handing out handbills and announcing the date the next day at the University in Storrs Connecticut and we were rushing through all the dorms at night with the cameras following us. Unfortunately, I never saw the film or my memorable scene.
Another night the performers had been invited to a house where a colonial pageant was being staged for them. I was hanging out in front by the gate with security when some young women came up to us and volunteered to perform some unusual acts on us if they could get in…..We didn't let them and I thought this is certainly different than Roller Derby.
We became aware that the tour was losing money so suddenly the decision was made to go into larger venues such as the Providence Civic Center, a building I rented for Roller Derby. My phone calls were now going to many different stations. I don't know if Dylan or Barry Imhoff knew about them at this point, but I don't think it would have made much difference to them. Dylan became very involved with the unjust incarceration of Hurricane Carter, the prize fighter who many felt had been framed and jailed in New Jersey. He wrote and performed "Hurricane" at one of the concerts and then went to New Jersey to try and visit him.
My six weeks were up and they wanted me to continue; Madison Square Garden (another of my Derby venues) had been booked as well as buildings in the south, but Hal and Bill Graham would have killed me if I didn't come back. I was able to get them someone to take my place and I returned to the Bay Area.
After that tour, I was very careful just to stay with ticketing and never get too close to the performers or those associated with them…I had had a great experience touring but realized that I never wanted to get in the middle between the arenas, theatres, and promoters who were my clients and the acts they brought in.
By Jerry Seltzer • Posted in Adventure, Jerry Seltzer, Music, Promotions, Rock and Roll, Roller Derby	• Tagged Bill Graham, Bob Dylan, Hurricane Carter, jerry seltzer, Joan Baez, promotions, Richard Seltzer, rock and roll
2 comments on "Derby to Dylan, Part 2"
Tina Ranieri
simply amazing!
Steve Seltzer
June 23, 2010 @ 4:22 pm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


44 %44 ..r..5 1.4 3/91 'te =..I= ...01» '.. 4 : '5. ./9. -:r 4. --. . :5.- =11: ....I .9. »/2 -3 8 24* 45-' * •3' .- . -'. .k 1/</i /Ar/•95"/,6*i 2.. h 2' 14 9... 3 .4 .*/ 3,46 k,;i•*07 '/ .*3 -*,Ve; 6.- I "-.-' 4'*:A.•,•. I OK<Ap "3.i Mill.workers move finished lumber from the mill to be dried and loaded into boxcars on Randy Gustafson's Hickoty Valley layout,The scratchbuilt Barnhart loader to the left of the boxcar does all the heavy work, but the man wheelingcut lumber on the runway will=itill get his share. '11 1 1%, E It, The Hirl,nO' Valley RR m....... / ..., Hist°f and family memories embodied in a 3-foot N scale layout Ult .* i ,- --" ...: ....... I.-- ««»... -*.-I-- ......-lk . -........--0/- ./.- --* I.. = BY RANDY GUSTAFSON PHOTOS BY THE AUTHOR 1.C; -.'1. 1 .'.. .1 036 •s.a. child I became aware of the 21 ghost of. a local logging railroad I-,R that had died out.some forty years before I was born. The Hickory Valley RR ran as a common carrier · between Endeavor, Pa., and the Pennsylvania RR interchange at West Hickory. Incorporated to handle outbound freight for the Wheeler & Dusenbury logging empire, this railroad amounted to only one engine and five miles of track. This little line cut right through my 1r •.1. 4.1 36, family tree: Mygrandmother had worked for the Wheelers,'and my,mother once fell in the log pond:My father started as the TN&D's bookl•66p6K. in'11928' and ». "L036«•, 201--.0.-2*. 104 JULY 1995 l../......--/-- --».C.:. _. _ -: ...·-..«6.-2-'.3,/".i:..s.'.-Al became the general manager .of the Endeayor Lumber Co., which rose from the depression-razed millsite of the W&D in 1941. Rise and fall of a logging empire Model railroaders need hard infor- mation, and mine came'from neighbor Rex Henderson, an 80-year old railfan with a house full of historic phot6s. My photo album began to fill with prints from his enlarger, and modeling ideas began to take shape from the photos. In the mid-1800s the W&[) tapped vast mixed hardwood and softwood forests in northwest Pennsylvania. The central. mill at Endeavor, Pa., a classic company town, employed several hundred people. In its·time,·the mill-and its·railroads (W&D.. also ran a line under its,own name) hrid dominated,the little towns of Endeavor; East Hickory, and West Hick- · ofy, in' the Alleghdny River valley of northwesterri Pennsylvania. But like many big-volume, rail-fed,sawmills and their transportation links, W&D'and its Hickory Valley RR succumbed to the Great Depression in 1934, and the mill and railroads were sold for scrap. The trains were gone, but their presence could still be felt. Continued on page 106 A.......-Ill ».•4 T =/4 2•4•,c-,•: .t * 1, 2*i r. '.2 10 ,4 ..'.¥ -'t.::. %., - 4 - 4 1 * -9 9 1/4 ---=. t,,3.'• * - -:E:/'..,PIN#r. «.p ' .3 ik I.


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Merrill Lynch and CSFB appeal Enron ruling to Fifth Circuit
By Ted Frank on February 9, 2007 2:27 PM
I have previously written on the extortionate lawsuits against banks who dared to business with Enron before its bankruptcy, using implausible conspiracy theories by which the banks agree to lose money to help Enron further a fraud; the suits seek to hold the banks liable for $40 billion, so many have settled for pennies on the dollar—in some cases not much more than the actual unrecoverable costs of defending the suit over several years—rather than risk gigantic liability. Since not even the most ardent academic defenders of the litigation system argue that juries get complex financial cases correct 95% of the time, paying blackmail to Lerach Coughlin is a reasonable financial decision. (Snide reflexive defenders of the litigation lobby argue that no one would settle for a billion dollars when they've done nothing wrong, but this doesn't explain why plaintiffs would surrender $39 billion in value if they're so obviously in the right.)
Two financial firms, CSFB and Merrill Lynch, however, have refused to give in to the extortion, and have fought a shrugging district court's class certification ruling to the Fifth Circuit, which held oral argument Monday. [Bloomberg/NYT] The AEI Liability Project has posted the briefs at the February 9 entry in the "Documents in the News" page.
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The Order of AIHM is committed to building community with our brothers and sisters in God's family through the loving sacrifice of prayer. The life of a religious friar or sister is first and foremost to pray for the Body of Christ.
Augustinians of the Immaculate Heart of Mary pray twice daily and are humbled to add your requests to our prayer life. Masses can also be offered for your intentions.
We are self-supporting, and although not required a Mass stipend is greatly appreciated.
As Augustinians we remember the directive of our Holy Mother, Saint Monica, as recorded by her son in his Confessions, "care not where you rest this body but remember me at the altar of God."
We join our Brother Friar, St. Nicholas of Tolentine, patron of the holy souls in Purgatory, in praying for all those whom we love who have gone to continue their journey with Christ in the Kingdom of God coming.
Friar Shane Nicholas has begun a ministry of intercessory prayer, especially for those who have died.
If you would like him to include a loved one in his prayers, or for a specific intention, please fill out the Prayer Request form in the menu on the right.


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51 Wyndham Road Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 3AB UK TEL: +44 (0) 1722 328851
Main Navigation Book Online Now
Wyndham Room
Marlborough Room
Woodstock Room
Events in Wiltshire
Attractions in and around Salisbury Wiltshire
December 10, 2016 By Wyndham Park Lodge 0 Comment Attractions
Salisbury Cathedral, a beautiful and historic building, is an impressive stage for major services, concerts and art installations, yet also a place for private prayer and reflection.
Salisbury Cathedral is spectacularly unique in being built almost entirely in one architectural style, Early English Gothic. Salisbury Cathedral has Britain's tallest spire (123m/404ft) plus numerous famous literary connections.
You can enjoy a guided tour of the Salisbury Cathedral floor or book a tower tour and climb 332 steps to the base of the spire to enjoy magnificent views across Salisbury's famous water meadows. Alternatively, explore by yourself and discover the world's finest original Magna Carta, Europe's oldest working clock and over 750 years of history. Choristers sing daily services with Evensong at 5.30pm Monday to Saturday or 4.30pm on Sunday.
In the 17th century it quite possibly was a riotous place, with taverns and alehouses occupying the buildings formerly inhabited by medieval clerics. Today, however, the Close is a peaceful haven of open green lawns and quiet roads ranged about the Cathedral, with a lovely mix of medieval and elegant Georgian dwellings. Some of the dwellings have been given over to other uses. One houses The Wardrobe Regimental Museum, home of the The Rifles Berkshire and Wiltshire.
Another is Mompesson House, an 18th Century, Georgian town house now owned by the National Trust. Still another is Kings House, now home to the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museums. The Medieval Hall, once the Deanery, is among the oldest buildings in the Close. Of course there is also Arundells, the home of former Prime Minister Sir Edward Heath, which is now open to the public.
Take time to stroll about the Cathedral Close and enjoy an architecturally rich and tranquil atmosphere spanning almost 800 years.
Suzanne Coppen
51 Wyndham Road
Salisbury, Wiltshire SP1 3AB
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NFL tampa bay buccaneers the club trails – Wholesale 100% Authentic NBA Jerseys Cheap From China With Free Shipping!
since 2011.Oklahoma City Thunder vs.rushed for a career-high 156 yards and a touchdown on 23 carries and caught both of his targets for 35 yards Saturday's 22, wild-card round win over Kansas City.Manchester United partners include many familiar to U.S.The club said it has more than 659 million fans worldwide.
Bulgaria pulled one back within two minutes with Georgi Kostadinov claiming the final touch after a curling free kick by captain Ivelin went straight through the defence, but the Dutch restored a two-goal advantage the 80th minute when Propper headed home Promes cross.With the increased opportunity now at hand, 's fantasy prospects are clearly on the rise advance of the coming NFL .01 2018 by RotoWire Staff | RotoWire Titans' : Another leading role on tap.The club said it has more than 659 million fans worldwide.
July 26 Barcelona FedEx Field, Washington, D.C.ManU is the third most valuable soccer franchise, and fifth most valuable sports franchise the world, with a value estimated at more than $3 billion.Some 60 rubber ducks will drop off the Wabash Bridge into the Chicago River on Aug., who is dealing with a Grade 3 MCL tear, according to Schefter of ESPN, is considered day-to-day at this juncture and likely only be available a supporting role for the divisional round if he shows enough progress with his recovery during practices this week.The visitors were gifted a to go ahead the 40th minute following a clumsy challenge on Fraser by Laszlo Kleinheisler, but Peter Gulacsi threw himself to his left to push away Mulgrew's firmly-hit spot-kick.
Boston Celtics 5 PM ?The former Patriot is a skilled pass catcher and elusive open-field runner, whereas relies on strength, vision and straight-line speed to successfully work between the tackles.His father, Drury, was drafted 42nd overall by the Flames 1989 and skated 414 career NHL with the Whalers, Flames, Senators, Mighty Ducks, Islanders and Blue Jackets.thought he had a one-yard rushing touchdown the third quarter, but it was called back on a false start.I am delighted that those fans be able to every kick of every match of the 2017 Tour, presented by Aon, on the new MUTV app.Strong, secure tackler who wraps and rarely misses, even against larger ballcarriers.
By Barry Janoff 22: Manchester United, one of the most popular and most valuable soccer franchises the world, is heading back to the U.S.since 2011.Sweden, who beat 2 , are second Group A behind the French after Bleus' incredible draw Toulouse, following a resounding 4 win Belarus with goals from Emil Forsberg, Christoffer Nyman, Marcus Berg and Granqvist penalty.
With DeMarco ruled out for Saturday's playoff game against the Chiefs, once again draw the start at running back for the Tennessee Titans this weekend.ManU's array of marketing partners get extensive eyeballs across the nation, with many supporting via multi-media marketing.Hungary host Faroe Islands and Latvia take on Andorra the group's other encounters.


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Sex offender accused of felony attack with hammer
Aug 6, 2019 Stan Morris Craighead County, Crime, Top Story 12
JONESBORO, Ark. – A level three registered sex offender was arrested for third degree domestic battery and second degree battery on allegations he hit a man with a hammer over the weekend.
The incident report begins Saturday night, August 3, when the Jonesboro Police Department responded to the 4800-block of Ingels Road over a fight involving weapons. At 10:57 PM, the officer arrived and observed a white male standing in the driveway shouting toward subjects on the front porch. The officer ordered the man to drop the board he was apparently carrying. He was detained.
Garner's booking photo. Source: CCDC
The officer learned the man's name was John M. Garner, 52, of Jonesboro. He ended up being the suspect, after the officer determined through further investigation that he was the aggressor, according to the incident report.
The female victim, 52, who resided at the address, said Garner pulled into the driveway and started screaming at her. She was on the front porch when she said he pushed her through the door and into the living room. She said he forced his way into the residence and headbutted her.
The male victim, 50, then got involved by grabbing a hammer and trying to force Garner out of the home but the report said Garner took the hammer away from him. He struck the victim in the head numerous times before the man got away and grabbed a knife. Garner left and stood by his truck before he was confronted by officers.
The male victim sustained injuries including lacerations, blunt force trauma, redness, swelling, bruising to his chest, back, both arms, and head. Injuries on the head were due to being struck by a hammer several times on the back side of the skull, the officer wrote.
The woman had redness and slight swelling to left side of her nose from being head butted, the officer reported.
Garner was arrested on charges of felony residential burglary and felony second degree battery (serious injury with a weapon), and third degree battery (a misdemeanor, for the headbutt). He remains in Craighead County Detention Center as of this post on a $250,000 bond.
Garner is registered as a level 3 sex offender living at the 90-bock of County Road 306, Jonesboro, dating back to a 1995 conviction for first degree carnal abuse. The sex crime involved a juvenile. He also has arrests and convictions for other offenses since then.
Garner's 1995 photo.
Man robbed at gunpoint Monday in Jonesboro
Early Wednesday shooting in north Jonesboro
Donnie Cheney
Y is John in a trailer park ,y is he going around victims he did attack and wife her mother and her boyfriend Stephanie was drugged and the house unlivable and her with no funds I found incoherent one night trying to keep her from freezing to death hoo gets her money left isolated in a un livable house someone paying for doctors bills I took her to walk in clinic there using my girlfriend and I'd file restraung orders agenst them and sex offender husband still giving around her she has daughter and ask if he tuchd her she was left alone with him
The dauter is not of 18 years old yet witch is a long way from 95 she was with him and his new girlfriend raising his dauter B4 this happened ones in the home was Stephanie mom and boy friend he done took the dauter from mother under 18 years of age as of today child is in foster care nothing said about if John touched her R not
John M Gardner and the rest of them have to stay away from the Stephanie or she going to lose everything she's got she got to cut ties completely with her husband he should have did a divorce a long time ago and drugging his wife was not the way to go when I went out she didn't even know where the heck she was at much less the day she's been in a tunnel under 32 degree weather for three years in that decrepit house and no funds to do anything he destroyed everything she had I'm trying to pick her up by our bootstraps and she ain't got nothing in a sex offender need to be totally out of the picture when there is an underage child involved there should have been a restraining order against him from the get-go Garner manipulated Stephanie to where you can get the child in the house with his girlfriend and that's what it said it one point that the daughter was left alone with this man she's under 18 years of age and it's a 2021 not 1995 with him still on the scene in 2021 it makes it bad for Stephanie to even see her daughter because what this may indeed in the home
A custody issue is coming up on the child from Stephanie and John Gardner and he put his self right back in with her to keep her from getting the kids it's what I'm getting and after you did attack the in-laws and Stephanie's got a opportunity to get her daughter back weather completely without funds for 3 years and living off grid he wanted to make sure he destroyed Stephanie any hopes of the child being back in the home with any relative and he put himself back in a relationship with Stephanie the victim I purposely did it
John I still stayed in contact with Stephanie Gardner his wife that they were estranged is separated from which has a under 18 year old child and supposed to meet up at a place for Thanksgiving to see their child is in foster care which makes no sense to me there should have been some kind of restraining order they shouldn't be having contact with a child that was taken from him out of his house that's under 18 that is in foster care that Stephanie the mother still has contact with and she still out there at the house with no electricity no water nothing to protect them from the elements outside another posting here clearly states that he was arrested for as a sex offender level three but he's in contact with an underage child in foster care that's his kid it makes no sense because there is a John Senior and John Junior John M Gardner which is the level 3 sex offender and I checked tonight looking and I didn't see no 3rd degree sex offenders I'll check again tomorrow but Stephanie was clearly in contact with him supposed to meet up at shirlene's house
I believe 100% he was 6 day split and Stephanie to where she can see her daughter the mother the kids in the Father the kids the sex offender which has the child in their home and she's the one that has to have supervised visits after he drugged her it was meeting up with her a different places and this is this year he should not have control and that kind of power over Stephanie which is a grown adult and she wants to see her daughter she loves her daughter and they put him in a position of power over Stephanie to where he could use her when he wanted to which is sexual exploitation of an adult
After I post it on here black dudes come to Melanie's house looking for Stephanie Stephanie was laughing about John because I believe she was informed which I don't find any of that funny over freezing to death out my house for the past 3 years and tonight that more than once taken advantage of Stephanie and diluted her mind about remaining married to a sex offender from 1995 and she said she didn't remember when they were married she saying they were married twice Melanie said she was married at 16 and cross the county line to Missouri which I believe she married John Gardner cuz it was already molester in the house over there after Melanie had this child they say she's 42 right now Melanie said what's 16 but even when you count it back she's still under 18 years old which is statutory right a Stephanie I don't find nothing funny about that I believe Stephanie is tearing up that house because that is exactly where he did molest her and she never had treatment over it Stephanie was given the house by her father that died and it was put in the the daughter a Stephanie and John it is currently under 18 years old I'm at hopes that there be a conclusion to the things to where they be brought some kind of relief for Stephanie after being fed drugs underage did the statement of Melanie Swan the mother that she snuck off and married him in Missouri she only 16 with out the mothers permissions
With anyone only getting parts of the story at one given time they forget to tell the whole story Melanie's husband died out there Stephanie's father which was not at the house of this event that is posted there was three out there at the house wood Gardner approach the house and did what he did he was in the house he was already with Stephanie the underage daughter cuz Melanie had a boyfriend there there was three in the house and how is Gardner saying this is his house when it clearly was not his house unless he been married Stephanie before 95 and her being in her forties right now which means what Melanie said was true he crossed the county line and then married her under age get across the city line Internet estate which is two felonies and he did it without the mother's permission Melanie's which is kidnapping so he committed statutory rape and kidnapping of a minor child that was already in this house the underage kid that he had in the past 18 years the child is under age even next year so they understand the whole thing there were three of the house when Garner approach the house Stephanie sister lives beside the house one of her sisters live behind the house of the distance off Melanie and them had to go hunt for Stephanie and get her away from this man and that come from Melanie and she told me word for word what I just read in this posting
You told me you Stephanie was living in the house Melanie moved into the house Gardner and Stephanie already was separated CPS was involved then Gardner was not living in the house he married Stephanie to where he could get that house from her the house was willed to her daughter the word Gardener could not take the house so you're looking before 95 which goes with what Melanie said the cross the county line without her permission and that she had to go hunt for her daughter and found her with him the cost of county line into Missouri and got married this County Jonesboro into the state of Missouri which is another felony
Stephanie is 33 years of age she's Ben married 14 years to John he was raping a miner under 18 years of age she's in jail today Gardner hooked her on Drugs so he could molest Stephanie
Stephanie when to donate plasma she could not becomes of std,and needs treatments
I ain't got relationship with Stephanie I am trying to help her and whoever's pulling around weather should be aware she's got STDs let's make that a lot harder to taking helping her never the ones that's sleeping with her they got something may AJack's ain't got to take off now and Stephanie said there were fucking her not just about the house thing I think it has to do with money too because somebody's got medical insurance taken out on her that she does not have right now her food stamps was canceled along with Medicaid if she had it so someone is paying for her medical they've exported Stephanie to where she ain't got nothing else to take and give she don't have money to can't pay for anyting I believe they put the house in her name to save the house for a lawsuit that's against them and the mother Melanie acts like she's hiding that's what she said want to go is the tags is on Barry's truck next door then what tags her car that got a flat tire she can't drive right now something happened to the brake light on the car and which they stopped Stephanie in the car on top of the brake light she has been suspended license so the mother and her boyfriend is playing Stephanie everybody else is playing Stephanie and they're doing it because they know she has a mental condition she's got court tomorrow at 1 and if that ain't using somebody I don't know what it is and that's her mother and her boyfriend and whoever else is using her her mother said she ain't getting money but I don't know how she's getting to see a doctor or anything else and her mother is broke the way she's talking anyway she is so I'm sensing scam and they're dumping the stuff on her daughter that's mentally year old and got STDs now for them exploiting this minor so grown ass man could use her that she still married to Stephanie's age is clearly shown today's arrest in Jonesboro Arkansas she's 33 she's been married to John Gardner for 14 years which makes it 16 when he was screwing her if not younger What's the statutory rape of a minor


Iron plays an important role in the body's cellular function. Two-thirds of the iron in the body is used in hemoglobin, the main protein found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin transports oxygen molecules from the lungs to tissues around the body. Insufficient iron can lead to a condition called anemia, which deprives tissues of oxygen. Headaches are one symptom of iron-deficiency anemia. Iron supplements can help treat anemia headaches, but too much iron in the body can also cause headaches.
Anemia is a condition caused by a lack of iron in red blood cells. People with anemia may also have a reduced number of blood cells, or small red blood cells. Iron deficiency is a common type of anemia that gradually worsens over time due to an iron-poor diet or chronic, untreated blood loss.
People who don't eat meat or animal products are more likely to develop iron deficiency — these foods are rich in iron. Women who are pregnant or lactating require additional iron, and are prone to a deficiency. Women who regularly have heavy periods also need extra iron. Some medical conditions cause chronic bleeding, such as colorectal cancer and ulcers, while others like Crohn's disease and stomach bypass surgery, inhibit absorption of iron.
Reduced iron in the blood decreases the body's ability to transport oxygen to tissues that need it. A decrease in the amount of oxygen carried by red blood cells induces a condition in oxygen-deprived tissue called hypoxia.
Many of the symptoms of anemia are caused when tissues throughout the body experience hypoxia. Headaches are a common symptom of anemia, because the lack of iron doesn't allow sufficient oxygen to be carried to the brain. Other symptoms related to hypoxia include fatigue, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, muscle weakness, pale skin, brittle nails and hair loss.
Read more: Does Iron Deficiency Cause Headaches?
Ferrous sulfate is a common formulation found in iron supplements. These supplements don't always agree with everyone who takes them, and are known to cause several side effects. Ferrous sulfate side effects include constipation, nausea and a bad or metallic taste in the mouth.
Under normal circumstances, headaches are not a side effect of ferrous sulfate supplementation. Because iron deficiency can cause headaches, taking an iron supplement can reduce the incidence of headaches in those with anemia.
Read more: What Are the Best Iron Supplements for Women?
Doctors may prescribe iron supplement infusion for patients who cannot take an oral iron supplement or for a patient who is depleting iron faster than it can be replaced by consuming a tablet or liquid dose. Intravenously administered iron supplements can cause side effects not associated with oral administration.
Iron supplement headache is a primary side effect of this form of iron supplementation, and may present immediately or one to two days after the infusion treatment. Other side effects of iron infusion include wheezing, dizziness, flushing, muscle or joint pain, fever and pain at the injection site.
The body doesn't eliminate much iron because it recycles iron from red blood cells no longer in use. Hormones regulate how iron is used in the body and can block its activity if there are adequate iron stores.
However, genetic disorders and over-supplementation can cause a buildup of too much iron in the body. Iron overload can result from taking a higher dosage of iron supplement than necessary or taking too much iron supplement when the body does not require it.
Headache is one symptom of excess iron in the body. In addition to headache, too much iron in the body affects other aspects of the nervous system and may cause fever, chills, dizziness and convulsions in more severe cases of iron overdose. Individuals who take too much iron can suffer gastrointestinal side effects as well as cardiovascular issues such as a drop in blood pressure and weak, rapid pulse.


text:
New England Patriots will face Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl LIII
Press Association Sport 08:56 21/01/2019
Tom Brady will be looking to win his sixth Super Bowl.
The New England Patriots have booked their third-straight Super Bowl appearance after overcoming the Kansas City Chiefs 37-31 in overtime.
The Pats will face the Los Angeles Rams in the NFL's showpiece game after they too needed overtime to defeat the New Orleans Saints 26-23.
Tom Brady, looking for his sixth NFL championship, helped guide New England to the win with a 75-yard drive in overtime, capped by a Rex Burkhead two-yard rush as the side secured the AFC Championship.
It was not all plain sailing for the Pats as Kansas City put on 24 points in the final quarter to force the game beyond the regulation 60 minutes.
Damien Williams scored three touchdowns for the Chiefs in the final 15 minutes while New England's Sony Michel and Rex Burkhead also found the end zone as the lead changed four times.
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Harrison Butker forced the game into overtime with a field goal in the dying seconds from 39 yards, but Brady went on to break hearts at the Arrowhead.
A Brady pass to Julian Edelman for 20-yards was followed by a second for 15 as the Patriots took up good field position.
Burkhead was the one to seal the deal with a two-yard rush up the middle.
Meanwhile, earlier in the day the Rams punched their ticket to the Super Bowl with kicker Greg Zuerlein holding his nerve to score a field goal from 57 yards in overtime to defeat the New Orleans Saints 26-23.
The number one and two seeds, who both finished their seasons with 13-3 records, faced off in the NFC Championship game and it was the Saints who made most of the early running.
#SBLIII
February 3, 2019.@Patriots vs. @RamsNFL in Atlanta! #NEvsLAR pic.twitter.com/zNZGxjX34x
— NFL (@NFL) January 21, 2019
Kicker Wil Lutz was true with the boot from 37 and 29 yards and quarterback Drew Brees found Garrett Griffin for a five-yard touchdown as the Saints led 13-0 after the first quarter.
The Rams bounced back in the second, Zuerlein making a field goal from 36 yards and Todd Gurley rushing from six yards to reduce the deficit to 13-10 at the half.
Brees – 26 of 38 for 249 yards – got his second touchdown of the day in the third, passing two yards to Taysom Hill, while the Rams QB Jared Goff got his first score to Tyler Higbee as the sides entered the final 15 minutes at 20-17.
A 39-yard pass from Goff to Gerald Everett gave the Rams decent field position late in the fourth, but Los Angeles had to settle for a field goal to tie the game at 20-20.
Brees was intercepted for the first time in overtime as John Johnson got the pick at the 46-yard line to give the Rams good field position.
The drive stalled as Zuerlein was, once again, called into action for a 57-yard field goal attempt.
The 31-year-old split the uprights as the Rams booked their ticket to the Super Bowl, 20 years since the Rams – then based in St Louis – beat the Tennessee Titans in Super Bowl XXXIV.
Drew Brees Kansas City Chiefs LA Rams Los Angeles Rams New England Patriots New Orleans Saints Super Bowl Tom Brady More tags
NFL Other US Sports
Drew Brees Kansas City Chiefs LA Rams Los Angeles Rams New England Patriots New Orleans Saints Super Bowl Tom Brady


Maxillary Lateral Incisors have been proven to be specifically difficult with adult cases, most of the time its rotations, extrusion, and intrusions that laterals have issues with. Sometimes laterals can remain out of alignment even after revisions and despite compliance not being an issue, nor tight contacts.
The most significant challenge with maxillary lateral incisors is that they are a relatively smaller tooth compared to the adjacent maxillary central incisor. The smaller size results in less tooth structure for the aligner material to adapt to for tooth movement.
Additionally, the relatively narrower width of relative to the maxillary incisor makes rotational moments about the incisal edge more difficult. In other words, there is simply less tooth for the aligner to hold onto.
Another complication is the lateral incisor's root position. Since the lateral incisors erupt after the central incisors, in situations of arch length deficiency, they are often out of alignment with the root in a more palatal position. In this situation, not only does the incisal edge of the lateral incisor need to be moved into alignment but the root also requires significant movement.
Given the above considerations, it is not surprising that movement of the lateral incisor requires extra effort.
Using engagers, root tipping (torquing), and overcorrection in the treatment setup to help get the needed movement.
Make sure the tooth is not ankylose or a peg lateral.
Try using dimples and auxiliaries depending on the required movement.


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text:
Итальянская армия:
 Вооружённые силы Италии
Королевская итальянская армия
 Итальянская армия — французская армия, действовавшая на итальянском театре революционных войн (1792—1802)

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