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Tag: dinosaurs
Education vs Indocrination
The Classical Education Paradigm has been replaced with our current public school curriculum, for better or worse. This includes Common Core, which is certainly polarizing. But what classical education was predicated upon was how the brain of a created child naturally develops and evolves through childhood.
"Regardless of their learning style, children learn in three phases or stages (grammar, logic or dialectic, and rhetoric), known as the trivium. In the grammar stage (K–6), students are naturally adept at memorizing through songs, chants, and rhymes. If you can get children in this stage to sing or chant something, they will remember it for a lifetime. In the dialectic or logic stage (grades 7–9), teenaged students are naturally more argumentative and begin to question authority and facts. They want to know the "why" of something—the logic behind it. During this stage, students learn reasoning, informal and formal logic, and how to argue with wisdom and eloquence. The rhetoric stage (grades 10–12) is naturally when students become independent thinkers and communicators. They study and practice rhetoric, which is the art of persuasive speaking and effective writing that pleases and delights the listener. Again, it is this approach to teaching students based on their developmental stage that makes this approach so very effective." – Dr. Christopher Perrin; https://classicalacademicpress.com/what-is-classical-education/
So, in regards to teaching macro-evolution as true, is it any wonder that the books children first absorb, the fun ones about space and dinosaurs, categorically state billions of years, millions of years, repeatedly, like a broken record during that critical stage of absorbing knowledge. We do not teach a first grader in public school to reason, for they cannot. We simply introduce things to them for consumption. So by the time they begin reasoning, and asking why, and how, and what about this or that, they are in middle school. If they started reading science books at age 4, that is nine years of Big Bang, billions of years, dinosaurs extinct for 60 million years, missing link ape men, and all of the ridiculous assertions that are endlessly made before a child has a chance to ask if it makes sense.
They are not taught of its holes, its bad science, and sorted, bloody history. These flaws include considerations for the second law of thermodynamics, or first law for that matter; law of angular momentum with planets; lunar regression problem; lack of transitional fossils; lack of super novas in the sky; or how stars form; lack of weight and mass in gas clouds; deterioration magnetism problem; river deltas; genetic limits of species; soft tissue discoveries of "millions of years old" specimens; Grand Canyon; etc. They are simply given evolution as a fact to absorb, to repeat, and to believe.
By the time a child is twelve… he or she has been told that this is the only way to think, and has never been introduced to any alternate theories. They already believe it before they know to question it.
What if we explained to children that under the ice caps of Antarctica
they drilled down and hit the tops of tropical trees. How would that effect your opinion on matters, possibly global warming, or earth history, or geology?
If taught that Darwin was a racist, who stated categorically that he supported the wiping out of inferior races, would that change the opinion of whether or not students wanted to learn from him, or perhaps make them examine closer whether his opinions held water? (They do not).
So… I would ask, when they are feeding these theories that "have to be true" to children, why are they not teaching real facts that may hurt their theory simultaneously? Is it wrong for children to understand that another possibility exists? Or that the theory isn't bulletproof? Why be scared of the conversation?
One final note on the matter. It is already the default position of many to be against God. A God evokes thoughts of rules, consequences, something to reign over you, or something to worship or humble yourself in front of. It is probable that if taught from day one of education that the world around you can be explained without a God, this would be more palatable to most, who wish to do what they please, what is "right in their own eyes." Especially if such a position is condoned by parents, teachers, and those a child naturally looks up to for guidance.
The result, once a child reaches the developmental stage of reasoning, and independent thinking? The result will be the same for many, what many atheists have called Unyielding Despair.
They will reason, much to the chagrin of caring parents everywhere, since it is "true" that God is not necessary to explain the world around them, that the point of life will be to please self, please the collective, or that no course in life matters. These are logical conclusions, based on reason, under that world view. Unfortunately for many, it will never have occurred to question the consequence of the indoctrination they endured, or whether the world view makes sense. When they finally apply reason, it will be in terms of how to deal with the world view they were convinced of. The outcome is bleak for many reasons. But if you are truly nothing more than stardust, what does it matter?
Author J.R. CooperPosted on July 20, 2018 Categories Apologetics, Creation vs Evolution, Uncategorized, WritingTags Christ, Creation, dinosaurs, Evolution, God, Religion, science1 Comment on Education vs Indocrination
Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the branch of paleontology that deals with the processes of fossilization. It is like investigating a crime scene to find out the best possible explanation for the evidence. In laymen's terms, it is attempting to find out what killed the animals in question. In the case of the paleontological dig in Wyoming run by Dr. Arthur Chadwick, it is about finding what cased the death of many dinosaurs.
Art explained: "We're doing what's called taphonomy. Taphonomy it's like CSI, Crime Scene Investigation. Our goal is to find out what killed the dinosaurs, what they were doing when they died, and then what happened after they died. Did they sit around and rot, or were they buried right away? And then what happened after they were buried to preserve the bones and change them?"
The area that he was excavating for study was over 80 acres in size, and had millions of fossilized bones in it, most disarticulated. This just means that they are found disconnected from the adjacent bones. This indicates some swirling pressure, and some rot (enough to separate bone from connective tissue). Fascinatingly, most of these bones in Arthur's bone bed are found in the first 3 feet of mudstone. In 80 acres and only a meter thick, we find millions of bones laid out together!
So what is the doctor's conclusion as to how they got there? He explained: "These animals had to die and then their carcasses had to have time to rot. So we're talking days or weeks or months during which time the bones and tissue were either eaten away or rotted away. And then the bones that remained were deposited instantaneously in this environment because they're in a graded bed with big bones at the bottom and little bones at the top, and you can see that here. The big bones are all down at the bottom. When they start digging up here, they start to find smaller bones. So that condition requires a sorting process that can only take place during a catastrophic emplacement."
"The only way I know how you could develop a graded bed is if you had a catastrophic process that transported these bones and laid them all in as a single event." – Art Chadwick, PhD
So, take a minute and think about the environment that this must have taken place in. Not the slow gradual environment that they try to teach in school. That would not explain this, nor a plethora of other fossil graveyard sites. In a millions of years scenario, there would not be sorting. They would not all be so close to the surface. They would not be so densely packed, and over so wide a range (if say deposited by an ancient river). How would this occur slowly over time, and somehow carcasses not be consumed by nature too quickly for fossilization (like we observe in nature today). This, according to tophonomy is best explained by a single catastrophic event. You have many dinosaurs which all died together, swirled in muddy eddies, rotting and breaking apart over weeks or months, and then settled in mud and water. And most of these animals that found themselves in these swirling, violent, muddy deathtraps would indeed be disarticulated.
Remember, this is a forensic science. Studies current data to explain a past event. We have two events to consider, the slow depositing of animals world wide who all were buried in mud and water (not occurring today), or a recorded world wide deluge, corroborated by the bible, over 270 flood legends, and evidence such as bone-beds like this picture. Could this happen all over the world with slow natural processes? These observations are made, knowing full well the disdain modern scientists have for studying data in light of the reality and authenticity of Genesis. But our education is our own, not someone else's. You must decide which model makes sense to you.
Author J.R. CooperPosted on June 1, 2017 June 1, 2017 Categories Creation vs Evolution, UncategorizedTags bible, bone, Creation, dinosaurs, Evolution, Flood, God, Noah, Paleontology, Religion, school, science, truth1 Comment on Taphonomy
Answering critics – Soft Tissue in Dinosaur Bones
After more than one debate over the importance of Creation vs Evolution studies with one individual, and plumbing the depths of its veracity as a ministry, a simple comment about soft tissue and carbon 14 having been found in dinosaurs led quickly from a cordial discussion to being accused of idol worship, being told to stop harmonizing the bible with science, and assertion that the entire group of Christians, including many with advanced degrees the world over, who happen to believe in the chronology presented in the Old Testament are wasting their time and resources.
Once cooler heads prevailed this question was presented, as a challenge that I accepted.
"Will you please address the issue of the misrepresentation of Mrs. Sweitzer's data. I would like to ask you to study her findings and using google, a library, the bible, and your own research, refute those findings by backing it up with real tangible data.
Then tell me how that data or her data in any way lies in contradiction to the creation of the universe by an omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent Creator."
It was worded well, and once asked, I felt it would be an opportunity to extrapolate on a few issues I have written about before.
Mrs. Sweitzer's data came from this article:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dinosaur-shocker-115306469/
and was copied and ker-plasted as a retort to my simple acknowledgement that soft tissue and Carbon 14 had indeed been found in dinosaur bones, and this was a problem (one of many) for evolutionists who cling to the molecules to man scenario.
Firstly we must declare off hand, and as I have taught many times on line and in person, that presupposition plays a rather large role in this debate, and as the article so adeptly googled and flung was from none other than the Smithsonian, not exactly a bastion of Christian thought and intellect, we can expect absolutely nothing from them but strong religious adherence to Darwinism, and the beating drum of millions of years. I have searched its archives dozens of times for artist renderings of hominids never found, and claims of a 4.5 billion year old earth. Since the challenge that was presented requested research to analyze the dumpster fire that is evolutionary theory, I'd like to point out this article from that very website answering the difficult question, "How do we know the earth is 4.6 billion years old."
Rather than admitting plainly that they don't… they have instead presented – under "SMART NEWS" no less – that the reason is radiometric dating. As an example, they mention Carbon dating, which renders a sample 'carbon dead' after 80,000 years, uranium-lead dating, a measurement fraught with assumptions and bad data, and zircon of all things, which the RATE team, a group of 8 Christian doctors who studied radiometric dating in an 8 year long study, is presently using to show helium diffusion rates prove even these supposedly old rocks have way to much helium to be old. This is the same group that published their findings of Carbon 14 in diamonds, a hardened carbon that evolutionists claim are billions of years in the making, and should have lost their carbon 10,000 times over.
You may ask, "but don't they use these dating methods to date the fossils?"
The answer is no. They use the made up geologic column to date the fossils, and the made up fossil dates to date the rocks they are found in. Classic circular reasoning, and a thorn in the sides of evolutionists who dare to challenge the dogma. Don't believe me? Don't take my word for it:
If you look up Paleontology in World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 15, 1978.) – p. 85 "Paleontology (the study of fossils) is important in the study of geology. The age of rocks may be determined by the fossils found in them."
And then look up Fossils – p. 364 "Scientists determine when fossils were formed by finding out the age of the rocks in which they lie." These books were in every university in the country.
What about our biology text books?
"Often, the layers of rock can be dated by the types of fossils they contain…. Scientists have determined the relative times of appearance and disappearance of many kinds of organisms from the location of their fossils within the sedimentary rock layers." (Glenco, Biology Textbook, 1994, pp. 306-307.)
But surely the atheist evolutionists who tout the importance of radiometric dating use it to date the rocks, no? Here are two such atheists:
"I can think of no cases of radioactive decay being used to date fossils." (Ager, Derek V., "Fossil Frustrations," New Scientist, vol. 100, 1983, p. 425.)
"The rocks do date the fossils, but the fossils date the rocks more accurately." (O'Rourke, J.E., "Pragmatism Versus Materialism in Stratigraphy," American Journal of Science, vol. 276, 1976, p. 53)
For more studies on dating issues, please see this post.
To the issue at hand. The article (not in its entirety because of length) is below in green. My comments from my creationist position will be in blue. Note, I was asked to "refute those findings", which since it was her discovery, I won't be doing, but will be addressing her conclusions. And also I was asked to speak on how her conclusions lie in contradiction to the creator God of the bible, which is the crux of the issue, and a wonderful question. Let's get started:
After 68 million years in the ground,
This date was obtained based on the presupposed accuracy of the geologic column. We "know" how old T-rex's are because of evolution, therefore if we find one, it is this old. Part of our Jurassic classification. Many times during my debate similar presuppositions were stated as definitive truth, such as "we know the rocks are billions of years old". Two quotes from other atheists:
"Contrary to what most scientists write, the fossil record does not support the Darwinian theory of evolution because it is this theory (there are several) which we use to interpret the fossil record. By doing so, we are guilty of circular reasoning if we then say the fossil record supports this theory." – Ronald R. West, "Paleontology and Uniformitarianism," Compass, Vol. 45, May 1968, p. 216.
"The prime difficulty with the use of presumed ancestral-descendant sequences to express phylogeny is that biostratigraphic data are often used in conjunction with morphology in the initial evaluation of relationships, which leads to obvious circularity." – B. Schaeffer, M.K. Hecht and N. Eldredge, "Phylogeny and Paleontology," Ch. 2 in Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 6 (edited by Th. Dobzhansky, M.K. Hecht and W.C. Steere; New York Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972) p. 39.
a Tyrannosaurus rex found in Montana was dug up, its leg bone was broken in pieces, and fragments were dissolved in acid in Schweitzer's laboratory at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. "Cool beans," she says, looking at the image on the screen.
It was big news indeed last year when Schweitzer announced she had discovered blood vessels and structures that looked like whole cells inside that T. rex bone—the first observation of its kind. The finding amazed colleagues, who had never imagined that even a trace of still-soft dinosaur tissue could survive.
This of course is also based on the presupposition that evolution is true. From the dates of the bible, Noah's 600th year was approximately 4500 years ago, which is when all or close to all dinosaurs were buried and fossilized, along with explaining the earth's plentiful biomass oil reserves from buried forests etc. This means anomalies such as soft tissue and carbon in diamonds doesn't defeat, but supports the biblical timeline. We would expect to find all sorts of catastrophic evidence as well, which we do. Polystrate fossils are a notable one, one organism passing through different strata rock. Article
Schweitzer, one of the first scientists to use the tools of modern cell biology to study dinosaurs, has upended the conventional wisdom by showing that some rock-hard fossils tens of millions of years old may have remnants of soft tissues hidden away in their interiors.
"It has been well established that such biological structures and molecules should not last beyond a few tens of thousands of years, and could not possibly survive millions of years. So why are they there?" – Brian Thomas, M.S.
"The reason it hasn't been discovered before is no right-thinking paleontologist would do what Mary did with her specimens. We don't go to all this effort to dig this stuff out of the ground to then destroy it in acid," says dinosaur paleontologist Thomas Holtz Jr., of the University of Maryland. "It's great science." The observations could shed new light on how dinosaurs evolved and how their muscles and blood vessels worked. And the new findings might help settle a long-running debate about whether dinosaurs were warmblooded, coldblooded—or both.
It is also interesting to note that though Schweitzer's T-rex is the most notable soft tissue sample, many other samples have been found as well. One in 2013 was the soft tissue in a triceratops, which Schweitzer had nothing to do with – Armitage, M.H., and K. L. Anderson. Soft sheets of fibrillar bone from a fossil of the supraorbital horn of the dinosaur Triceratops horridus. Acta Histochemica. Published online before print, February 13, 2013.
In almost all cases, including Schweitzer, scientists scrambled to disprove soft tissue genuinely that of the speciment itself. "One popular pushback asserts that the soft tissues are not from the dinosaurs at all, but from bacteria that somehow infiltrated their bones and built biofilms in the same shapes as dinosaur tissues and cells." – Brian Thomas, M.S.
Meanwhile, Schweitzer's research has been hijacked by "young earth" creationists, who insist that dinosaur soft tissue couldn't possibly survive millions of years. They claim her discoveries support their belief, based on their interpretation of Genesis, that the earth is only a few thousand years old. Of course, it's not unusual for a paleontologist to differ with creationists. But when creationists misrepresent Schweitzer's data, she takes it personally: she describes herself as "a complete and total Christian." On a shelf in her office is a plaque bearing an Old Testament verse: "For I know the plans I have for you," declares the Lord, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future."
I never met Schweitzer, but have no reason to doubt her salvation. Not once during my debate did I suggest evolutionists couldn't be Christians. The person I was debating, before declaring it supremely unimportant, debated staunchly for evolution's obviousness, then declared he was not an evolutionist, and then that he was a Christian evolutionist. The two are mutually exclusive. You do not need one to be the other, nor do I teach that, but I will say it causes biblical inconsistencies. More on that later.
In 1991, Schweitzer was trying to study thin slices of bones from a 65-million-year-old T. rex. She was having a hard time getting the slices to stick to a glass slide, so she sought help from a molecular biologist at the university. The biologist, Gayle Callis, happened to take the slides to a veterinary conference, where she set up the ancient samples for others to look at. One of the vets went up to Callis and said, "Do you know you have red blood cells in that bone?" Sure enough, under a microscope, it appeared that the bone was filled with red disks. Later, Schweitzer recalls, "I looked at this and I looked at this and I thought, this can't be. Red blood cells don't preserve."
Schweitzer showed the slide to Horner. "When she first found the red-blood-cell-looking structures, I said, Yep, that's what they look like," her mentor recalls. He thought it was possible they were red blood cells, but he gave her some advice: "Now see if you can find some evidence to show that that's not what they are."
What she found instead was evidence of heme in the bones—additional support for the idea that they were red blood cells. Heme is a part of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in the blood and gives red blood cells their color. "It got me real curious as to exceptional preservation," she says. If particles of that one dinosaur were able to hang around for 65 million years, maybe the textbooks were wrong about fossilization.
They used to teach that it took millions of years to create a fossil. Then they taught at least 10,000 years (some sites still do). Now we have fossilized pallets, cowboy boots, a hat, a mason jar with a pickle in it, etc. Evolutionists have had to back off of this particular track, like many others due to observable science. Interestingly, scienceviews.com states, "Fossils are formed in a number of different ways, but most are formed when a plant or animal dies in a watery environment and is buried in mud and silt. Soft tissues quickly decompose leaving the hard bones or shells behind." Water and mud. During my lectures, I show many examples of dinosaurs in death throes from asphyxiation due to being buried quickly in water and mud. Strangely, evolutionists postulate numerous un-provable ideas about how the dinosaurs became extinct (meteor, asteroid, global warming, flatulence (i wish that was a joke) global warming, etc) and yet we find them buried by water in mud all over the earth.
i.e. – World's Largest Dinosaur Graveyard Linked to Mass Death, By Charles Q. Choi, Live Science Contributor – "The way the fossils are linked together in the same layers of earth within these bonebeds suggests all these Centrosaurs were wiped out simultaneously. The likely culprit in this scenario was a catastrophic storm, which could quickly have routinely made the waters flood up as high as 12 to 15 feet."
Yellowstone National Park – Mammoth Site in South Dakota. Mammoths and other megafauna got trapped in a sinkhole and drown about 26,000 years ago
I just wish there was a book somewhere with eye-witness accounts of what happened so we could piece together how all these animals were buried simultaneously in water and mud all over the earth. Oh, wait?
In 2000, Bob Harmon, a field crew chief from the Museum of the Rockies, was eating his lunch in a remote Montana canyon when he looked up and saw a bone sticking out of a rock wall. That bone turned out to be part of what may be the best preserved T. rex in the world.
Just a point here. This guy saw something sticking out of a wall, and it was dated 68 million years. You know… cause its a T rex.Okay. Carry on…
Most paleontologists now agree that birds are the dinosaurs' closest living relatives.
This is probably true, based again on presupposition that if evolution is true, and we have no reasonable theory for extinction, then macro-evolution theory must have turned dinosaurs in to feathered birds.
This means: heavy tail to feathered plumage; dense to hollow bones, cold to warm blooded in some cases, limbs to wings – these are serious physiological changes, and is absurd as it sounds. Fossils have been found that suggest dinosaurs with strange features, but creationists view dinosaurs having woolly plumages and collagen fibers as –dinosaurs with woolly plumages and collagen fibers, nothing more.
This idea started with the find 'Archaeopteryx', a supposed transitional fossil, like many others jumped on publicly, and then backtracked privately and quietly, as it was simply an extinct type of flightless bird. This occurred with many supposed transitions, from Darwin to the present, and the fossil record remains strangely devoid of any transitions, just extinctions, and fully developed kinds, or baramin. They all appear suddenly, and no one teaches that if evolution were true, there should be billions of transitions found making taxonomy and classification impossible.
Let's take an aside, and hear just some quotes (there are hundreds) from our evolutionary scientists about the fossil record:
"The majority of evolutionary movements are degenerative. Progressive cases are exceptional. Characters appear suddenly that have no meaning toward progress [i.e., that do not evolve into anything else] . . The only thing that could be accomplished by slow changes would be the accumulation of neutral characteristics without value for survival."—*John B.S. Haldane, quoted in Asimov's Book of Science and Nature Quotations, p. 91 [English geneticist].
"We still do not know the mechanics of evolution in spite of the over-confident claims in some quarters, nor are we likely to make further progress in this by the classical methods of paleontology or biology."—*Errol White, Proceedings of the Linnean Society, London 177:8 (1988).
"Ultimately, the Darwinian theory of evolution is no more nor less than the great cosmogenic myth of the twentieth century."—*Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (1985), p. 358.
". . . there are no intermediate forms between finned and limbed creatures in the fossil collections of the world." G.R. Taylor, The Great Evolution Mystery, ( N.Y: Harper and Row, 1983) p. 60.
"Evolutionism is a fairy tale for grown-ups. This theory has helped nothing in the progress of science. It is useless."—*Bounoure, Le Monde et la Vie (October 1983) [Director of Research at the National Center of Scientific Research in France].
"Paleontologists have paid an exorbitant price for Darwin's argument. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life's history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection we view our data as so bad that we almost never see the very process we profess to study."—*Steven Jay Gould, The Panda's Thumb (1882), pp. 181-182.
"The more one studies paleontology, the more certain one becomes that evolution is based on faith alone . . exactly the same sort of faith which it is necessary to have when one encounters the great mysteries of religion."—*Louis Trenchark More, quoted in Science and the Two-tailed Dinosaur, p. 33.
In fact, they say that birds are dinosaurs—colorful, incredibly diverse, cute little feathered dinosaurs. The theropod of the Jurassic forests lives on in the goldfinch visiting the backyard feeder, the toucans of the tropics and the ostriches loping across the African savanna.
To understand her dinosaur bone, Schweitzer turned to two of the most primitive living birds: ostriches and emus.
Primitive, again based on presupposition of evolutionary theory. For creationists, these are just kinds of birds.
In the summer of 2004, she asked several ostrich breeders for female bones. A farmer called, months later. "Y'all still need that lady ostrich?" The dead bird had been in the farmer's backhoe bucket for several days in the North Carolina heat. Schweitzer and two colleagues collected a leg from the fragrant carcass and drove it back to Raleigh.
As far as anyone can tell, Schweitzer was right: Bob the dinosaur really did have a store of medullary bone when she died. A paper published in Science last June presents microscope pictures of medullary bone from ostrich and emu side by side with dinosaur bone, showing near-identical features.
In the course of testing a B. rex bone fragment further, Schweitzer asked her lab technician, Jennifer Wittmeyer, to put it in weak acid, which slowly dissolves bone, including fossilized bone—but not soft tissues. One Friday night in January 2004, Wittmeyer was in the lab as usual. She took out a fossil chip that had been in the acid for three days and put it under the microscope to take a picture. "[The chip] was curved so much, I couldn't get it in focus," Wittmeyer recalls. She used forceps to flatten it. "My forceps kind of sunk into it, made a little indentation and it curled back up. I was like, stop it!" Finally, through her irritation, she realized what she had: a fragment of dinosaur soft tissue left behind when the mineral bone around it had dissolved. Suddenly Schweitzer and Wittmeyer were dealing with something no one else had ever seen. For a couple of weeks, Wittmeyer said, it was like Christmas every day.
In the lab, Wittmeyer now takes out a dish with six compartments, each holding a little brown dab of tissue in clear liquid, and puts it under the microscope lens. Inside each specimen is a fine network of almost-clear branching vessels—the tissue of a female Tyrannosaurus rex that strode through the forests 68 million years ago, preparing to lay eggs. Close up, the blood vessels from that T. rex and her ostrich cousins look remarkably alike. Inside the dinosaur vessels are things Schweitzer diplomatically calls "round microstructures" in the journal article, out of an abundance of scientific caution, but they are red and round, and she and other scientists suspect that they are red blood cells….
Further discoveries in the past year have shown that the discovery of soft tissue in B. rex wasn't just a fluke. Schweitzer and Wittmeyer have now found probable blood vessels, bone-building cells and connective tissue in another T. rex, in a theropod from Argentina and in a 300,000-year-old woolly mammoth fossil. Schweitzer's work is "showing us we really don't understand decay," Holtz says. "There's a lot of really basic stuff in nature that people just make assumptions about."
You can say that again! In regards to the mammoth, we have here yet another soft tissue found to go with the many others. The scientific reaction to these tissues is "don't understand decay." Evolutionists are so ingrained in billions-of-years thinking, it would never occur to ask the more obvious question, perhaps these haven't been decaying as long as we first thought. I am reminded of the Scientists in a lab that made coal in 6 hours. At a different time, in 1982 the British made oil in 10 minutes. Noel McAuliffe of Manchester University triumphantly stated, "We are doing in 10 minutes what it has taken nature 150 million years to do." This is yes another stellar example of our presuppositions determining our interpretations. Another, more obvious conclusion, if one were not blinded by evolutionary theory would be to instead triumphantly announce, "It doesn't take nearly as long as we thought for coal and oil to form!"
Young-earth creationists also see Schweitzer's work as revolutionary, but in an entirely different way. They first seized upon Schweitzer's work after she wrote an article for the popular science magazine Earth in 1997 about possible red blood cells in her dinosaur specimens. Creation magazine claimed that Schweitzer's research was "powerful testimony against the whole idea of dinosaurs living millions of years ago. It speaks volumes for the Bible's account of a recent creation."
This drives Schweitzer crazy. Geologists have established that the Hell Creek Formation, where B. rex was found, is 68 million years old, and so are the bones buried in it. She's horrified that some Christians accuse her of hiding the true meaning of her data. "They treat you really bad," she says.
A shame and nothing I'd condone. I like healthy debate, and prefer to present logical material for consideration. It usually isn't until the ad hominem attacks, accusations, and lies come in that I start getting snippy.
"They twist your words and they manipulate your data."
The data is the data. What is observable is the geology of Hell Creek, the bones themselves, and where they were located, and the soft material inside. As a scientist, she is allowed to conclude as she wishes how to interpret this data, but it will be interpreted, no doubt, based on her world view, which in this case is evolution, and the fact that she "already knew" this site was 68 million years old.
Another scientist who may believe in intelligent design is welcome to take these same facts, and look at them through the presupposition that 4500 years ago this animal was most likely a victim of a world wide catastrophic flood, and that part of it was preserved and didn't fully fossilize. Forensic or historical sciences, such as archaeology, anthropology, paleontology, and forensics are historical sciences. In other words, results cannot be repeated in a lab. This animal cannot be buried again for all to see. Her emotions in this case are irrelevant.
For her, science and religion represent two different ways of looking at the world; invoking the hand of God to explain natural phenomena breaks the rules of science.
Breaks HER rules of science, and no doubt the rules of those who educated her. I am grateful she didn't lose her faith like so many others, but this is a subjective opinion, not a scientific law. Conversely there exists the well known anthropic principle which states that the universe appears to be carefully designed for the well-being of mankind. This is quite recognized, and is in direct opposition to her approach and personal philosophy, since teleologically, we can observe a design and purpose, and therefore can conclude a designer.
After all, she says, what God asks is faith, not evidence.
Yes it is correct God asks for faith. No it is not correct that God doesn't want you to use intellect, reason, and consider evidence. Or else He wouldn't have gone to such great lengths to provide so many prophecies in the word (hundreds fulfilled, over three hundred by Christ alone). He would not have so meticulously recorded the history of the Jewish nation, the forming of their laws, kings, lineages, and travels. He would not have mentioned the cities founded and lived in that archeology has been using since to unravel the past accurately (for more on this please read Josh MacDowell's New evidence that Demands a Verdict, and Cooper's Authenticit of the Book of Genesis). Cities such as Nineveh, Ur, Jericho, all found. God used historians like Luke to record eye witness accounts and the history of the early church in Acts, precisely because evidence was so important. In Acts and John alone, over 140 eye witness details have been verified by scholars, because it WAS so important to be able to defend the scriptures. The miracles were actuallyseen, the prophecies actually fulfilled, and the promise of His return hangs on these events occurring in real history, in real time. The bible implores us to study, and defend it over and over, not to believe blindly in it, and to them follow man's theories:
1 Peter 3:15 But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give a defense to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear.
1 Peter 1:16 For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eyewitnesses of his majesty.
Isaiah 1:18 Come now, and let us reason together, saith the Lord
Philippians 1:7 – in the defense and confirmation of the gospel
Philippians 1:17 – knowing I am appointed for the defense of the gospel
2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.
So we must ask, shall we apply it only to Christ's life, or apply it to the bible as authoritative? More on that later when we discuss the second part of the question.
"If you have all this evidence and proof positive that God exists, you don't need faith. I think he kind of designed it so that we'd never be able to prove his existence. And I think that's really cool."
Romans 1: 20 states, "For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities–his eternal power and divine nature–have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse."
Psalms 19:1 The heavens are telling of the glory of God; And their expanse is declaring the work of His hands.
We are without excuse if we do not see God in the wondrous creation He has made for us. A huge point of contention, because simply put, evolutionists must conclude that all this came about by accident. Matter created itself, slowly gave rise to order, to chemicals, to suns and systems, and eventually abiogenesis, life from non-life, another scientific impossibility. From there through millions of years of death, and change for survival, man developed from animals. We must then conclude that at some arbitrary point, after 4 billion years of using death to create mankind, a mere highly evolved animal, a God who started it all 14 billion years ago decided to impart souls, make up a mythology with specific years, and including a flood, and then "really began telling a redemption story" some time around Abraham?
It is clear that Schwietzer is "driven crazy" by people who disagree with her world view, and with her philosophy. But in her defense, they are not disagreeing with the forensic science she conducted. Not agreeing with creationists and thinking it's kind of cool to not know God has no bearing whatsoever on what was found. And the simple fact remains, soft tissue cannot last 65 million years before breaking down.
By definition, there is a lot that scientists don't know, because the whole point of science is to explore the unknown.
In my opinion, when they let go of the presupposition of evolution, much of what they observe in the field will fall in to place, like it already has with Dr. Snelling at the Grand Canyon, Dr. Sanford the geneticist who studied the genetic entropy of the human genome, and fifty others I could name (see in six days: why 50 scientists choose to believe in creation). But let's hear from more of our evolutionist friends about it:
"Evolution is baseless and quite incredible."—*Ambrose Flemming, president, British Association for Advancement of Science, in The Unleashing of Evolutionary Thought.
Paleontologist Alan Cheetham, a gradualist evolutionist, summed up decades of his own research: "I came reluctantly to the conclusion that I wasn't finding evidence for gradualism." Reported by R.A. Kerr in "Did Darwin Get It All Right?" Science 276:1421, 10 March 1995.
"The theory [of evolution] is a scientific mistake."—*Louis Agassiz, quoted in H. Enoch, Evolution or Creation (1986), p. 139. [Agassiz was a Harvard University professor.]
"Fundamental truths about evolution have so far eluded us all, and that uncritical acceptance of Darwinism may be counterproductive as well as expedient. Far from ignoring or ridiculing the ground-swell of opposition to Darwinism that is growing, for example, in the United States, we should welcome it as an opportunity to reexamine our sacred cow more closely."—*B. Storehouse, "Introduction," in *Michael Pitman, Adam and Evolution (1984), p. 12.
"To my mind, the theory does not stand up at all."—*H. Lipson, "A Physicist Looks at Evolution,"
"I can envision observations and experiments that would disprove any evolutionary theory I know."—*Stephen Jay Gould, "Evolution as Fact and Theory," Discover 2(5):34-37 (1981).
By being clear that scientists haven't explained everything, Schweitzer leaves room for other explanations. "I think that we're always wise to leave certain doors open," she says.
I hope this is the case for all who discount the veracity of scripture.
The article can be read in full at the top of this page.
The second part of our question: "Then tell me how that data or her data in any way lies in contradiction to the creation of the universe by an omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent Creator."
Again, her data, the actual hard data does not lie in contradiction to anyone. They are simply hard facts. Bones. Certain testable content, location, etc. Evolutionists are adept however at blurring the lines between hard facts, and interpreted data, as well as always insisting they have a monopoly on the sciences. This is simply in gross error. I can't count the times it has been suggested that Christians need to stop being anti-science, or that we hate or ignore science because of our bibles.
This same accusation was levied at me by this debater as well, and several times at that. But he also did say one thing I agreed with, and that is that the bible is not a science book. Of course it isn't! Creationists do not claim it to be so, nor do they claim it to be a book on taxonomy or dinosaurs. The bible contains what it contains, and from it, we must derive conclusions based on what God told us. But in it creationists would expect, unlike Schweitzer, to find a Creator God who does speak sense when referring to the natural world, which is precisely what we find. i.e. the hydrological cycle, fountains of the deep, springs under water, pathways of the sea, curve of the earth, hanging it on nothing, etc. In all instances God's word is correct regarding natural occurrences, and only varies during supernatural events, such as creation. This stands in contrast to all ancient mythology origin stories, and is logically what we'd expect from a God who is outside of space, time and matter.
Through studies, we can learn the culprits that brought us the evolutionary theory, and what their intent was. Lyell wanted to save the sciences from Moses, and from Buffon, to Lamarck, to Darwin, the enlightenment brought us the unsubstantiated theories about the decent of man that we teach today.
The result of these teachings? Rampant racism.
The Decent of Man – 1871 , Darwin – "At some future period… the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate, and replace, the savage races throughout the world."
Then, "No rational man, cognizant of the facts, believes that the average negro is the equal, still less the superior, of the white man." Huxley.
Then – "At the lowest stage of human mental development are the Australians, some tribes of the Polynesians, and the Bushmen, Hottentots, and some of the Negro tribes. " Heckel, pre WWII, and major influence on Germany and Hitler.
These ideas permeated government, politics, and societies such as Japan, China, Russia, and Nazi Germany, and in the 20th century alone caused over 150 million deaths. This, the same theory that an evolutionist Christian may call harmless, and declare a meaningless fight to teach and disciple people about the truth of our origins. From a creationist perspective, our origins are the same, a family of 8, 4500 years ago, a fact which is corroborated by population growth analysis, genetics, anthropology, and a study of flood legends the world over with similar details (over 300 flood legends exist today).
And what does the bible say about the tribes of the earth? Revelations 7:9-10: After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands; And cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb.
It states we will be standing shoulder to shoulder together.
Furthermore, these two opposing views cannot be married so easily, for as you will see, they are diametrically opposed in almost every way:
Billions of years – Life from non-life (violates law of causality)
Death came before sin, before man
Sun before light
Sun before Earth
Sun before Plants
Dinosaurs came before birds
Land came before oceans
Man just a slowly evolving animal
Man created God
Special 7 day creation – Life comes from life
Light before sun
Earth before Sun
Plants before Sun
Oceans came before land
God created Man
This is a lot of opposites!
And we would be wise to consider Christ's words in Matthew: "But at the beginning of creation God made them male and female."
If there is 3,845,000,000 years between mankind and the beginning, was Christ lying?
At what point did God think animals were "human enough" to impart souls to them?
When was the fall?
Did death bring man into the world, or man bring death into the world?
And if there is a curse that Christ came to undo, was it here for the full 4 billion years before man arrived and sinned?
Romans 5 : 12 Therefore, just as through one man sin entered the world, and death through sin, and thus death spread to all men, because all sinned…
14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses…
17 For if by the one man's offense death reigned through the one, much more those who receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness will reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.
18 Therefore, as through one man's offense judgment came to all men, resulting in condemnation, even so through one Man's righteous act the free gift came to all men, resulting in justification of life.
19 For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so also by one Man's obedience many will be made righteous.
Make no mistake, in the victory of Christ, there will be a curse that is lifted: Colossians 1:20 and by Him to reconcile all things to Himself, by Him, whether things on earth or things in heaven, having made peace through the blood of His cross
Revelations 21:4 And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away
Revelations 22:3 And there shall be no more curse
But if the fossil record is full of death, thorns, cancer, disease, arthritis, abscesses, tumors, rickets, syphilis all before man, and the fall in fossil record; if billions of years of chance and extinction occurred to arrive at us, does this not fully undermine the teaching on the full redemptive work of Christ?
There is much much more to this study, how day is literally defined in the bible as morning and evening, and how day "yom" is used over 2300 times, and how we can easily conclude its meaning based on context. The particulars of the ark. Speciation vs baramins. How both Lamarkism and Neo-Darwinism fail on every level. And so much more. But perhaps the best way to end would be a warning from the bible itself. Read carefully this passage:
2 Peter 3 – Knowing this first, that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts,
And saying, Where is the promise of his coming? for since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation.
For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water:
Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished.
It is as if the bible literally predicted uniformitarian world view in the Last Days. Things continue as they were. This is the battle cry of evolution. Given enough time, anything can happen. But the logical conclusion of many a thinking person who has been indoctrinated by evolution is that if we evolved, than the bible is wrong, man made religion up along the way, and when you die you die. There was no fall, there is no curse, it is as it was from the beginning. This belief will determine behavior, as it has with the 20th century, and as it is doing with millennials in the 21st. They leave the church in droves, because the bible has been robbed of its authority.
Author J.R. CooperPosted on March 21, 2017 March 21, 2017 Categories Apologetics, Creation vs Evolution, UncategorizedTags bible, Creation, Debate, dinosaurs, Evolution, God, Jesus, Religion, science, ScriptureLeave a comment on Answering critics – Soft Tissue in Dinosaur Bones
Let's Be Clear… It's a Young Earth
I have debated many agnostics and atheists over the years, over a myriad of issues, and against both hostile and kind opponents. I appreciate each one, because more often than not it highlights areas of apologetics that I need to brush up on, or better teaches me how to present biblical truth with love, rather than some misguided sense of superiority. Let us never forget as apologists that our sole purpose is to guide others lovingly to the cross. Not to berate or belittle those who lack a relationship with Christ.
But often a discussion will beat around the bush in regards to specifics of the creation model, or not address it at all if it isn't within the scope of a contested topic, leaving sometimes months of ambiguity about certain positions. This may leave the opponent, or those following along, with unanswered queries that usually are dismissed, no doubt forsaken for a more comfortable choice. When smacked in the face with a glaring challenge to a long understood paradigm, the reaction towards me can be intense. Perhaps I seem dense, ignorant, or even stupid to the debater, and the inevitable response is to pretend it wasn't said, or to forever think slightly less of me. I have had people throw my bible across a room, I have been told to shut up, and that I know nothing about science, and am met with dumbfounded questions like, "Have you ever even been to a natural history museum?"
So to boldly state it, so there is no room for dismissal or confusion, we will address the elephant in the room. I am a biblicist, young earth creationist who believes the earth, and for that matter the universe, is only about 6 or 7 thousand years old. I have seen science agree with the bible time and time again, and consider deep time science to be filled with assumption, circular reasoning, and un-testable hypothesis. This means dinosaurs and man have always lived together, which concurs with the book of Job. This means languages were confused at Babel, which fits with the science of linguistics, and current understanding of population growth charts. It means archaeology attests consistently to old testament historicity, regarding geography, ancient kings, unearthed cities, and numerous artifacts such as cuniform and bulae. It means we observe limiting factors in cosmology such as volcanic moons on Jupiter which should have long since cooled off, the moon pulling away from the earth in its orbit limiting its age, the impossibility of comets being older than 10,000 years due to the loss of material as it moves, the drifting out of Saturn's rings and much more. It means we look to a literal world wide deluge about 4500 years ago to explain not only the fossil record, but also the unique and extraordinary geological features we find world wide. This includes explanation of biomass becoming fossil fuels, the Grand Canyon, the ice age, millions of tons of sediment burying pre-flood animals all over the world, like sharks teeth in a South Dakota farmer's field, petrified clams on Mount Everest, and fossil graveyards that collected thousands of carcasses from varied species in post-flood eddies. It explains how we find man-made objects in coal seems, signs of civilization near the edges of the continental shelf, and evidence of malnourished, nomadic man with primitive tools during a post-flood world. It means we can account for the over 300 flood legends from almost every ancient civilization. It corroborates taxonomy and genetics, and allows for the splendor of natural variety within animal kinds without assuming un-demonstrable macro-evolution. It embraces the natural laws of physics, and does not assume a constant, yet un-observable, violation of these laws in order to add complexity to a closed system.
The creation does not claim to answer every mystery, but it does begin with a basic pre-supposition that the bible, in all of its uniqueness, is an eye-witness account of the history of our world, and so far is the only text proven to consistently get it right.
Without even discussing the over 1800 prophecies fulfilled without error as a mode of proof, let us consider that the bible discussed the cities of Nineveh, Ur, Jericho, and the City of David before they were unearthed in modern times; that it clued us into pathways/currents in the ocean as well as fountains from under the sea floor before man knew they were there; that it told us the earth hung in space on nothing back when men still fought over whether it rested on the shoulders of a god or on the shell of a large turtle.
In the simple telling of truthful history over a 4000 year period of writing from over 40 authors, the bible as a simple matter-of-fact revealed concise details that only later could be verified, and its accuracy continues to astound, causing skeptics to blare from a position of argumentum ad ignorantiam, or "absence of evidence". At every turn, and within every field of scientific study, a logical position can be taken and defended that stands on the authority of scripture. I encourage questions and curiosities as always, but let us not be scared to proclaim the truth without compromise. And let us not remain ignorant of the fact that evolution is purely faith based. The only difference is the bible offers us veracity as well as hope, where as evolution offers only conjecture and insignificance.
Author J.R. CooperPosted on March 11, 2016 Categories Apologetics, Creation vs Evolution, UncategorizedTags apologetic, Astronomy, bible, Christianity, Creation, dinosaurs, Evolution, God5 Comments on Let's Be Clear… It's a Young Earth
Diamonds Have Carbon-14; Why Is This Important?
If I told you that the RATE Team found Carbon-14 in diamonds would you care? Maybe you should.
Why is this important to you, you may ask? It may change your perception of history. You see, diamonds were thought to be millions if not billions of years old. Academia teaches students that coal takes millions of years to form, along with great heat and lots of pressure. This organic plant material is mostly carbon, and is an energy source we use every day in the world, typically dated to 300 million years old. An assumption based on the laughable geologic column, index fossils, and the presupposition that the evolutionary timetable is a fact. Hopefully, if you have been following along, and/or doing your own research you know better by now, or at the very least are questioning it.
Diamonds, a hardened form of carbon, is said to take even longer to form, often with a timetable of billions being attributed to them.
And who is the RATE Team? Only your scientific Christian heroes! A team of eight Christians who are all doctors of various fields that set out on an 8 year scientific journey to verify that our concept of geological, evolutionary time is grossly inaccurate. If you'd like details on this journey, I highly recommend reading Thousands not Millions. For our purposes, all you need to know is that these highly trained, meticulous scientists discovered carbon-14 in both "300 million" year old coal, and also in diamonds. If you know anything about carbon-14, you already know this is impossible.
Why shouldn't there be carbon-14 in it? Good question. The answer is simple, and I will put it in layperson's terms so that we can all enjoy the dumpster fire that is evolutionary theory. As living things interact with our atmosphere, we absorb carbon-14, a radioactive form of the element that breaks down slowly at a speed that we call a half-life. According to the creation model, there was most certainly less carbon-14 in the atmosphere prior to the flood, but we will get to that in a minute. As plants exchange air with the world, and we eat plants, and animals that eat plants, we reach an equilibrium with the amount of carbon-14 in the atmosphere, but when we die, we are no longer absorbing it into our cells, and so it decays from our remains at a specific rate.
The interesting thing about carbon-14 is that it decays fast enough such that it can only be detected for a few 10's of thousands of years. With modern equipment, potentially 50,000 to 100,000 years, but with a large margin for error. Coal, our "300 million year old" carbon, is supposed to be 3000 times older than any age at which we can detect carbon-14 before it reduces to an indeterminate amount. And yet, what do we find? Carbon-14. In 300,000,000 year old carbon we find something that cannot be detected past 50 or 100 thousand years.
Now, wait, you may ask? What about the fact that creationists claim the bible dictates a world that's only a few thousand years old? This is not a problem, as the atmosphere was much more favorable in pre-flood conditions. It fits the model beautifully, pointing to a pre-flood earth with more protection from the sun, and less carbon-14 in the atmosphere. You see, like all dating methods, evolutionists assume way too much. One assumption is that the carbon-14 levels have remained constant. But consider, if the pre-flood world is exchanging less carbon-14 with plants, humans, and animals such as dinosaurs, then when tested, those specimens will seems much older, because much less carbon was there to begin with. Also, we must remember that most specimens tested were buried in Noah's flood, and therefore do come from this pre-flood environment. And lets not fool ourselves. Solving for a discrepancy of 20,000 years is a much easier task than trying to ignore the glaring 299,900,000 year that evolutionists are stuck with.
That being said, it should of course be even more inconceivable that diamonds would hold carbon-14, since it takes a billion years to form, and should have leached all traces out long ago. But I am sure you have already guessed what our scientific heroes found in the carefully tested diamond specimens. That's correct. Carbon-14.
I must of course qualify the statements by using adjectives such as 'carefully', and 'meticulous', because when results do not fit the theory, the demagoguery and ad hominem attacks ensue. Not real scientists because they believe in God, must have tainted the samples, etc. These attacks are launched at men with impeccable credentials, but I would have you check for yourself, rather than take my word.
This carbon-14 is an example of a 'limiting factor' like I mentioned in the article 35 Years or 2.6 Million Years. This means that despite common theories, it takes much less time to create coal and diamonds in nature than previously thought. And the flood was catastrophic enough to cause the geological conditions we see today, and explains a great deal of the earth's features.
Consider this as well: Scientists in a lab made coal in 6 hours. At a different time, in 1982 the British made oil in 10 minutes. Noel McAuliffe of Manchester University triumphantly stated, "We are doing in 10 minutes what it has taken nature 150 million years to do." This is yes another stellar example of our presuppositions determining our interpretations. Another, more obvious conclusion, if one were not blinded by evolutionary theory would be to instead triumphantly announce, "It doesn't take nearly as long as we thought for coal and oil to form!"
Please share with friends and family, and as always feel free to ask questions. We will find the answers together. I wanted to leave you with one final truth however, before your curiosity prompts you to ask. The answer is yes, they have found carbon-14 in dinosaur bones as well, along with soft tissue, and blood cells. We are not holding our breath for the scientific community to adjust their timeline accordingly.
Author J.R. CooperPosted on January 27, 2016 December 5, 2021 Categories Apologetics, Creation vs Evolution, UncategorizedTags Carbon 14, coal, Creation, diamonds, dinosaurs, Evolution, evolution vs creation, geologic column, geology, millions of years3 Comments on Diamonds Have Carbon-14; Why Is This Important?


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Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) or Certified Anesthesiologist Assistant (CAA) PRN - Saint Louis Univ. Hospital
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OUT OF MIND » CHANGING ENVIRONMENT & NATURE » GUIDE TO THE NIGHT SKY » May guide to the bright planets
May guide to the bright planets
1 May guide to the bright planets Sat May 04, 2019 9:11 am
Posted by Bruce McClure and Deborah Byrd in Astronomy Essentials | April 30, 2019
Mars pops out at nightfall. Jupiter comes up later, and Saturn later still. Venus sits low in the east at dawn. Southern Hemisphere skywatchers might catch Mercury in early May, but it's lost in the sunrise from middle and far northern latitudes.
Click the name of a planet to learn more about its visibility in May 2019: Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Mercury.
Coming soon! Use the young crescent moon to locate the star Aldebaran and the planet Mars in your western sky as darkness falls. Read more.
Venus is the brightest planet, beaming in the east before sunrise all month long. Watch for the waning crescent moon to join up with Venus in the morning sky for a few days, centered on or near May 1 – and then again on June 1 (see June chart below).
From northerly latitudes, Venus sits low in the glare of morning twilight. The northern tropics and Southern Hemisphere enjoy a much better view of Venus. For all of us, Venus starts out the month at an elongation of 28 degrees west of the sun. It ends the month at 20 degrees west of the sun. Despite Venus being the same angular distance from the sun worldwide, Venus spends more time in the predawn sky at more southerly latitudes. That's because the ecliptic – or path of the sun, moon and planets – appears more nearly vertical with respect to the sunrise horizon from southerly latitudes at this time of year.
In May, at mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises well after the beginning of astronomical twilight (dawn's first light). At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus comes up before the advent of astronomical twilight all through May 2019.
Click here to find out when astronomical twilight comes to your sky, remembering to check the astronomical twilight box.
At mid-northern latitudes, Venus rises about one hour before sunrise throughout the month.
At temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Venus rises about two hours before sunup in early May. By the month's end that'll decrease to about 1 1/2 hours.
Let the waning crescent moon serve as your guide to the planet Venus, centered on or near May 1 – and then again, on or near June 1. See the sky chart for late May/early June below.
The waning crescent moon pairs up with the queen planet Venus on or near June 1. Read more.
Mercury, the innermost planet of the solar system, passes out of the morning sky and into the evening sky in May 2019. From the northern tropics and the Southern Hemisphere, Mercury might be visible for the first week or so of May. Northerly latitudes will have a tough time catching Mercury, even with binoculars.
On the other hand, in June 2019, Mercury will become a fine evening object from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
If you live in the northern tropics or the Southern Hemisphere, watch for the moon to pair up with Mercury on or near May 3. Jenney Disimon of Sabah, North Borneo, caught the old waning crescent moon with the planets Mercury and Venus before sunrise May 3, 2019, as shown below.
View larger. Jenney Disimon of Sabah, North Borneo, causht the old waning crescent moon with the planets Mercury and Venus before sunrise May 3, 2019. Thank you Jenney!
Jupiter is the second-brightest planet after Venus, and this planet is now rising earlier in our sky, coming into view at late evening in early May, and by dusk/early evening in late May. Jupiter is now approaching its opposition to the sun – marking the middle of the best time of year to see it – and so you'll want to view Jupiter in the coming weeks. Opposition itself comes on June 10, 2019. Around that time, Jupiter will shine at its brilliant best for the year. Click here for a recommended sky almanac telling you when Jupiter rises into your sky.
That bright ruddy star rather close to Jupiter is Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. Although Jupiter shines in the vicinity of Antares throughout 2019, Jupiter can be seen to wander relative to this "fixed" star of the zodiac. This year, in the first three months of 2019, Jupiter was traveling eastward, away from Antares. But starting on April 10, 2019, Jupiter reversed course, moving toward Antares. For the following four months (April 10 to August 11, 2019), Jupiter will be traveling in retrograde (or westward), closing the gap between itself and the star Antares. Midway through this retrograde, Jupiter will reach opposition.
In early May from mid-northern latitudes, Jupiter rises at late evening, roughly 11 p.m. daylight saving time. By the month's end, Jupiter rises around nightfall.
At the beginning of the month at temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Jupiter comes up by mid-evening, around 8 to 9 p.m. By the month's end, Jupiter rises around nightfall.
Jupiter comes up first in the nightly procession of three bright planets. Saturn follows Jupiter into the sky about two hours after Jupiter first appears, and then Venus makes its appearance low in the eastern sky at dawn.
Watch for the waning gibbous moon to swing by Jupiter on the evenings of May 19 and 20, as displayed on the sky chart below.
Look for the moon near the king planet Jupiter on May 19 and 20. Read more.
Saturn comes up up a few hours after Jupiter. Throughout May, Saturn and Jupiter rise earlier each day, both of them making their appearance about two hours earlier by the month's end. Saturn, although as bright as a 1st-magnitude star, pales in contrast to Jupiter. Jupiter outshines Saturn by some 14 times.
From mid-northern latitudes, Saturn comes up around the midnight hour (1 a.m. daylight saving time) in early May. By the month's end, Saturn rises by around 11 p.m. daylight saving time.
From temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, Saturn comes up around two hours before the midnight hour in early May. As a reminder, midnight in our usage means midway between sunset and sunrise. By the month's end, Saturn will rise at or around 8 p.m.
Watch for the waning moon to be in the neighborhood of Saturn for several days, centered around May 22 or 23, as shown on the sky chart below.
Unless you're a night owl, you might want to view the moon and Saturn in the predawn/dawn sky. Read more.
Mars is the only bright planet to come out at nightfall all month long. "Bright" might be an overstatement, as Mars has faded into 2nd-magnitude brightness. Even so, Mars stays out until after nightfall. Given a dark sky, you should be able to spot this world in your western sky at early evening.
Click here for recommended sky almanacs providing you with the setting times for Mars for your location.
Watch for the young crescent moon to shine in the vicinity of Mars for several evenings, centered on or near May 7. The moon's proximity might provide you with your best opportunity to catch Mars in the evening sky for the rest of 2019. Day by day, this planet is slowly but surely fading, and sinking closer to the afterglow of sunset.
Use the young crescent moon to locate the star Aldebaran and the planet Mars in your western sky as darkness falls. Read more.
What do we mean by bright planet? By bright planet, we mean any solar system planet that is easily visible without an optical aid and that has been watched by our ancestors since time immemorial. In their outward order from the sun, the five bright planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. These planets actually do appear bright in our sky. They are typically as bright as – or brighter than – the brightest stars. Plus, these relatively nearby worlds tend to shine with a steadier light than the distant, twinkling stars. You can spot them, and come to know them as faithful friends, if you try.
Skywatcher, by Predrag Agatonovic.
Bottom line: In May, Mars is the only bright planet to pop out at nightfall all month long. Jupiter rises in the east at mid-to-late evening, whereas Saturn follows Jupiter into the sky about two hours after Jupiter does. Venus sits low in the glare of morning twilight all month long. Mercury is pretty much unobservable from northerly latitudes. Click here for recommended almanacs; they can help you know when the planets rise and set in your sky.
Thanks to: https://earthsky.org
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Map of Jun Granada, Andalucia: View this interactive street map of Jun located in the Granada region of Andalucia in Southern Spain. Make use of this versatile street map to search for services and sightseeing attractions in and around Jun, view towns and villages adjacent to Jun, and locate more Granada areas.
Jun Map - Granada Province Andalucia Spain: Explore our map of Jun and surrounding areas of Granada, the map displayed above could possibly be a zoomed in version displaying a city, village or town centre map, when it is not you may use the zoom in navigation button on the bottom right of the map (plus sign), then again to view a more distant perspective of Jun's surrounding areas, you can use the (-) zoom out button. For an illuminating and striking satellite map of Jun, Granada, select the Satellite or Earth square on the lower left of the Jun street map. If you wish to make use of Google's "Street View", one must firstly select the "View Larger Map" tab on the upper left of the map of Jun and drag the small yellow pegman (lower right) onto the exact location you wish to observe. This is an effective way to plan a trip to Jun in Granada Andalucia, identify specific facilities or attractions and find your way around the Jun area.
On this website you can view detailed maps of these Granada towns and villages: Yegen, Benalua de Guadix, Itrabo, Las Vinas, Arenales, Ventorros de San Jose, San Clemente, Niguelas, Mecina Alfahar, Velilla, Sorvilan, Marchal, Polopos, Castillejar, Pulianas, Rejano, Almontaras, Bubion, Prado Llano, Cortijo Coscoja, Cuevas de Puente Abajo, Otura, Gabia la Chica, Los Tablones de Orgiva, Torre Cardela, Valor, Trujillo, Narila, Pinos Genil, Chite, Montenegro, El Margen, Fondales, Arroyo-Pinares, Guadahortuna, Fuente Vera, Balax, Cajar, Cozvijar, El Cura and lots more.
Map of Jun Spain (Andalucia): We are hopeful you'll find this map to your liking, I have supplied a big variant of it so that you will easily be able to print it off and have a copy on your travels. In these modern days of GPS satellite navigation, old fashioned maps seem to have lost favour, however I myself (and maybe you too), like to have a picture of a map that I can refer to at any time, for this reason a printable Jun map is a must. Below find cheap Jun hotels, cheap Jun holiday rentals and cheap Jun airport transfers.


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Broad spectrum antiviral drugs
How not to catch ARVI and not get a complication from the flu? Such questions on the eve of the cold season worry everyone. Help protect against infection and recover without complications called antiviral drugs with a wide spectrum of action. What is this medicine? How do they act and can they actually become a barrier to viruses?
We do not need Panadol, if we drink Arbidol?
Mankind has always been looking for (and continues to look for) a tool that will stop the disease-causing viruses. The first drug that received special anti-viral status was thiosemicarbazone. He really had the appropriate activity, but he acted very narrowly - against tuberculosis. The discovery of endogenous interferon was an outstanding event in the field of antiviral drugs. This was the starting point for a wide range of antiviral drugs.
Today, pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop universal drugs that can defeat several viruses or bacteria. It is precisely this multifunctionality that antiviral drugs of a wide spectrum differ. Their purpose is to prevent sickness from contact with the patient, to promote faster recovery and to prevent the development of complications caused by infectious diseases.
Humanity continues to suffer from the flu and similar ills, because viruses are represented by a huge number of species and have incredible possibilities of transformation. Despite this, existing antiviral drugs can help protect against infectious diseases and help people (especially those with weakened immunity) to avoid the negative and dangerous effects of colds and flu.
How are antiviral drugs classified?
All antiviral drugs of a wide range are divided (according to the classification of M. D. Mashkovsky) into 2 large groups:
interferons. They contain ready-made interferon (it is synthesized from human or animal blood);
interferogens. Such drugs stimulate the production of interferon by the body itself, thereby achieving antiviral effect.
Mechanism of action of antiviral agents
The drugs inhibit the causative agent of infection. By the principle of action they can be divided into 2 types:
drugs that suppress the virus (destroy the viral protein);
drugs that cause the body to produce interferon. This substance reduces the susceptibility of cells to the influence of the virus.
Who needs to take anti-virus drugs and when?
Despite the fact that the TV "prescribes" such drugs to everyone, there is a list of indications for their use. Antiviral drugs should be taken in such patients:
with bronchial asthma;
with chronic lung diseases;
those who have a malignant neoplasm;
patients with disabilities in the organs of the CCC;
in the presence of chronic kidney disease;
persons who suffer from blood diseases;
elderly people;
women during pregnancy.
To summarize, we can conclude: such drugs are necessary for those who have chronic diseases and weakened immunity, that is, they risk complications after a common cold or flu.
The best broad-spectrum antiviral drugs: names and features
The range of antiviral drugs today has more than a dozen names. The cost of these drugs is quite high. Therefore, it will be useful to know which broad-spectrum antiviral drugs for ARVI and flu will be most effective, according to doctors. The most common (due to the limited number of contraindications and a minimum of side effects) received such drugs.
Tamiflu. Highly effective drug of the new generation. It refers to neuraminidase inhibitors, that is, acts directly on the infectious agent, stops its reproduction. It is active against influenza A and B viruses.
Amixin. Powerful interferon inducer. Effective with many infectious diseases. It can be used both for treatment and for prophylaxis.
Ingavirin. The latest domestic drug. Able to inhibit influenza virus, SARS, parainfluenza. Suppresses the reproduction of the virus and stimulates the production of interferon. In parallel, it produces an anti-inflammatory effect.
Viferon. It has an immunomodulatory effect. Contains interferon. He gained a good reputation as a treatment for ARVI and flu. Suitable for adults and young patients, not contraindicated in pregnancy.
Kagocel Effective at any stage of the disease. Actively induces the formation of interferon, which helps the body to resist infection. It is an effective preventive measure.
The most effective means for rotavirus infection
Intestinal flu (or rotavirus infection) is fraught with complications no less than normal. Therefore, to prevent it, spread spectrum antiviral drugs are also used. These include:
Arbidol. Popular medicine in pill form. Its main active ingredient is umifenovir. Helps to overcome the symptoms of the disease. It is an immunomodulatory agent;
Cycloferon. The drug that synthesizes interferon. The main component of the drug is meglumine acridone acetate. Not suitable for pregnant women and children up to 4 years. It is effective not only as a treatment and prevention of influenza and ARVI, but also as one of the components of the treatment of herpes infection;
Groprinosin. Its most active element is inosine pranobex. The drug produces a direct antiviral effect and acts indirectly (increases the production of interferon). Forbidden to pregnant.
Nobody wants to get sick. If a pharmacy sells a rescue from flu and infections, isn't it better to buy more drugs and always stay healthy? In fact, everything is not so simple. Firstly, the newest antiviral drugs do not guarantee 100% protection against infection, and secondly, new drugs have fewer side effects, but they do exist. The final decision on whether to drink or not to drink such a drug should be left to the doctor.


Vintage Hermann Stick Hobby Horse Toy For Mohair Bear. Has Hermann Tags Still Attached. Vintage Hermann Stick Hobby Horse Toy With Mohair Bear Germany" is in sale since Sunday, December 30, 2018.
This item is in the category "Dolls & Bears\Bears\Hermann". The seller is "now-u-see-it" and is located in Palo Alto, California. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Uruguay.


MARC BARNARD reviews his album of 2018: Julia Holter's Aviary.
Aviary bursts into being with a four-minute extended crescendo; a feverous din of strings, keys and drums, with Julia Holter's distinctive vocals sweeping and sailing above the racket, offering only occasional moments of clarity. It's hectic and bewildering – and a fitting overture for the next 90 minutes. Any accusations of indulgence on the composer's part might not be unfounded: the album is consistently chaotic, often bewildering, but ultimately, utterly brilliant.
Aviary is not an easy listen by any means. Holter treats the listener to prolonged bagpipe solos, excerpts of Ancient Greek poetry, and passages of dissonance interspersing the baroque chamber pop we've come to expect. Most tracks eschew traditional song structures completely, instead meandering through various improvised sections, with Holter constantly taking her songs in unexpected directions.
Holter's previous albums have not shied away from cerebral subject matter and experimental forms. Her debut album, Tragedy, was inspired by the Ancient Greek drama Hippolytus, and her 2013 album Loud City Song thematically took its cues from Gigi, a twentieth-century French novella. While far from conventional, her last album, Have Me in Your Wilderness, saw Holter stripping back many of these more left-field leanings, and exposed her as a songwriter with real emotional understanding. The album's (relative) simplicity allowed for much more personal notes, and made for her best album to date. However, despite Aviary's eccentric inclinations, it'd be wrong to claim that it marks a straightforward return to her earlier brand of grandiose experimental pop. Nor does its experimentalism feel like an academic exercise. These are a collection of songs brimming with joy and emotion.
A sense of glee permeates the second half of the album. Midway through the initially subdued 'Les Jeux to You', Holter exclaims with excitement as if she can't be contained, 'I see, I no, I yes, I you, I ace, I hi, I say, I low', to a backdrop of pitch-shifted childlike squeaking. It's a list of nonsensical possibilities, a self-affirmative declaration of her own potential. Immediately following this track, 'Words I Heard' is a counterpoint of sorts. Its dramatic backdrop of string arrangements is slow, sombre and genuinely moving. Her lyrics are abstract and cryptic, but never feel pretentious.
This song's sentiment is echoed in the album's centrepiece. 'I Shall Love 2' is the probably the best example of Holter's ability to synthesise her experimental, literary and pop sensibilities since her 2012 single 'Marienbad'. Across an ever-building canvas of instruments, a layered chorus of Holter's own voice incants the words of the title, 'I shall love, I shall love, I shall love'. A simple and hopeful mantra that can't help but invite political readings in a world in which optimism for the future seems harder and harder to muster. After the sense of danger alluded to by the air-raid-like bagpipe solo of 'Everyday is an Emergency', in 'I Shall Love 2', Holter faces off the threat by inviting the listener to join her in a radical expression of love.
Given the current state of affairs on both sides of the Atlantic, it is easy to peg Aviary's sense of hopefulness as political commentary. But to reduce the album simply to a treatise in the age of Trump would be to brush over its brilliance. Aviary is an album to spend time getting to know, which unravels itself gradually with each new listen. Don't be put off by its ambiguity and its wilful extravagance, it is to be embraced in all its madness. In a world that defies understanding, Holter has released an album that does the same. Even among the chaos, Aviary paints us a world of endless possibility.
Featured image courtesy of juliaholter.bandcamp.com.


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OPERATION TELIC: BRITISH FORCES IN IRAQ, 2003
© IWM DPO-03-003-0026
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    OPERATION TELIC: BRITISH FORCES IN IRAQ, 2003 © Crown copyright. IWM (DPO-03-003-0026)
[url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205129503][img]https://media.iwm.org.uk/ciim5/174/622/mid_000000.jpg?action=e&cat=Photographs[/img][/url] [url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205129503]OPERATION TELIC: BRITISH FORCES IN IRAQ, 2003. © Crown copyright. IWM (DPO-03-003-0026)[/url] [url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/corporate/privacy-copyright]IWM Non Commercial License[/url]
British forces prepare for deployment to the Gulf, January 2003. A soldier from 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment oils and prepares his General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG) at Howe Barracks, Canterbury, prior to deploying to the Gulf. The Battalion was part of 16 Air Assault Brigade (based at Colchester).
1990 to the present day (content)
Brownbridge, P
British Army official photographer
DPO-03-003-0026
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE HQ LAND COMMAND
British Army, Royal Irish Regiment, 1st Battalion
Operation Telic, Iraq War 2003-2009
British Army post-2000
Iraq 2003-2009