text:
\section{Introduction}

Astrophysical jets are observed in association with a wide range of objects,
from Brown Dwarfs and young stellar objects to supermassive Black Holes in
active galactic nuclei; however, there are still open several questions
concerning the launching and acceleration mechanisms of jets. In all cases,
jets and discs are inter-related, while magnetic fields play a key role in
accelerating the outflows. \citet{BlP82} studied the magneto-centrifugal
acceleration along magnetic field lines threading an accretion disc. They showed
the braking of matter in the azimuthal direction inside the disc and the outflow
acceleration above the disc surface guided by the poloidal magnetic field
components. Toroidal components of the magnetic field then collimate the
outflow. Numerous semi-analytic models extended the work of Blandford \& Payne
along the guidelines of radially self-similar solutions of the full
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations
\cite[e.g.][]{CoL94, Li95, Li96, Fer97, VlT98}.
Several numerical studies exist, which have focused on the magnetic launching of
disc-winds. In most models a polytropic equilibrium accretion disc has been
used as a boundary condition
\citep[e.g.][]{UKR95, KLB99, KLB03, OCP03, NaM04, ALK05, ALK06, PRO06}.
The magnetic feedback on the disc structure was therefore not calculated
self-consistently. Only in recent years have been carried out the first
simulations which include self-consistently the accretion disc in the
calculations of jet launching
\citep[e.g.][]{CaK02, CaK04, KMS04, ZFR07, TFM09, MFZ10, SFP12, TFM13, FeS13}.

Often analytical solutions and their integrals of motion are used for connecting
observed quantities far away from the jet source with properties of the
jet-driving accretion disc. The behaviour of integrals of motions has been also
tested in numerical simulations. Several 2.5D simulations of disc winds from
the disc as a boundary condition \citep[e.g.][]{RUK97, OuP97, KLB99, UKR99}
found super-fast magnetosonic flows with properties which are expected from
self-similar theory, although they have not used self-consistent analytical
solutions for describing the boundary conditions. Recently, \citet{SNO10}
performed 3D simulations extending the calculations of \citet{OuP97} and found
good agreement between both. In addition, \citet{SNO10} also simulated
configurations closer to self-similar solutions (their run BP) and compared
synthetic emission maps derived from them with HST observations. A similar
comparison is presented in \citet[][hereafter paper~II]{SGT10} using
simulations from \citet[][hereafter paper~I]{STV08}.

Most self-similar models have three serious
limitations, (1) the flow often does not cross all critical points (especially
not the fast-magnetosonic limiting characteristic), with the result that the
terminal wind solution is not causally disconnected from the disc, (2)
singularities exist at the jet axis in radial self-similar models, and (3) for
deriving self-similar models the assumption of axisymmetry is necessary.

\citet[][V00 hereafter]{VTS00} showed that a terminal wind solution can be
constructed that is causally disconnected from the disc and hence any
perturbation downstream of the superfast transition cannot affect the upstream
structure of the steady outflow. The other two limitations can only be solved
using numerical simulations extending the analytical solution of e.g. V00 as
done by \citet[]{GVT06} using the MHD code NIRVANA
\citep{Zie98}, \citet[]{MTV08} using the MHD code
PLUTO\footnote{publicly available at http://plutocode.ph.astro.it/}
\citep{MBM07} and again with PLUTO in paper I for comparison with
models with finite jet-emitting disc radii.
\citet{CGV08} extended the solution by adding the effects of resistivity.
However, all of those models still assumed axisymmetry.

The aim of this paper is to investigate numerically how relaxing the assumption
of axisymmetry, i.e. performing full 3D numerical simulations of a disc-wind
crossing all magnetohydrodynamic critical surfaces, affects the topology,
structure and stability of this particular radial self-similar analytical
solution.

This paper is organized as follows: the numerical setup is briefly described in
Sec.~\ref{sec_num_models}. In Sec.~\ref{sec_results} we describe the results of
our simulation. We close with a summary and discussion of the results in the
last section.

\section{The numerical setup} \label{sec_num_models}

The time-dependent, ideal MHD equations to be solved
numerically are:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla\cdot(\rho\,\bmath{v}) &=& 0 \,, \\
\frac{\partial \bmath{v}}{\partial t} + (\bmath{v} \cdot \nabla)\,\bmath{v} -
\frac{1}{\rho}\,(\nabla\times\bmath{B})\times \bmath{B} + \frac{1}{\rho}\,
\nabla\,p &=& -\nabla\Phi \,, \\
\label{energy}
\frac{\partial p}{\partial t} + \bmath{v}\cdot\nabla\,p +
\Gamma\,p\,\nabla\cdot\bmath{v} &=&
\Lambda \,, \\
\frac{\partial \bmath{B}}{\partial t} - \nabla\times(\bmath{v}\times\bmath{B})
&=& 0
\,, \\ \nabla\cdot \bmath{B} &=& 0 \,,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\rho$, $p$, $\bmath{v}$, $\bmath{B}$ denote the density, pressure,
velocity and magnetic field over $\sqrt{4\,\pi}$, respectively.
$\Phi = -\mathcal{G}\,\mathcal{M} / r$ is the gravitational potential of the
central object with mass $\mathcal{M}$, $\Lambda$ represents the rate of the
volumetric energy gain/loss terms ($\Lambda = [\Gamma - 1]\,\rho\,q$, with $q$
the rate of the energy gain/loss terms per unit mass), and $\Gamma$ is the
ratio of the specific heats. The spherical radius is denoted by $r$ and the
cylindrical radius by $R$.

As initial conditions, we use the steady, radially self-similar solution which
is described in V00 and crosses all three appropriate critical surfaces,
modified near the symmetry axis as described in \cite{GVT06} and \cite{MTV08}.
We note that a polytropic relation between the density and the pressure is
assumed, i.e. $P = Q(A)\,\rho^\gamma$, with $\gamma$ being the effective
polytropic index and A the magnetic flux function. Equivalently, the source
term in Eq.~(\ref{energy}) has the special form
 \begin{equation}
\Lambda = (\Gamma - \gamma)\,p\,(\nabla\cdot\bmath{v}) \,,
\end{equation}
transforming the energy Eq.~(\ref{energy}) to
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial p}{\partial t} + \bmath{v}\cdot\nabla\,p +
\gamma\,p\,\nabla\cdot\bmath{v} = 0 \,.
\end{equation}

The latter can be interpreted as describing the adiabatic evolution of a gas
with ratio of specific heats $\gamma$, whose ``effective entropy''
$P / \rho^\gamma$ is conserved along each streamline. We refer the reader
to V00 and paper~I for further details on the self-similar solution and the
numerical setup. We define the reference length $R_*$ to be unity, while the
reference velocity is normalized by setting $v_* = 1$. Time is given in units
of $t_0 = 2\,\pi\,\sqrt{R_*^3 / \mathcal{G}\,\mathcal{M}}$, i.e. one Keplerian
orbit period at $R_* = 1$.

\begin{figure*}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig1}
  \caption{Maps of $\log ( \rho )$, $v_R$, $\log ( v_z )$ and $v_{\phi}$ of the
    final state (from top to bottom) for the two 3D runs in the
    $x$-$z$-plane and two axisymmetric 2.5D runs which have been mirrored
    along the $z$ axis for comparison. In the density maps, we also plot the
    three surfaces (black lines) where the flow velocity exceeds the
    slow-magnetosonic, the Alfv\'en and the fast-magnetosonic speed,
    respectively. Note the discontinuity of the physical quantities along the
    FMSS which protects the sub-FMSS region from the perturbation arising from
    interpolating the solution to avoid the singularity at the axis.  In other
    words, the only real critical surface is the FMSS through which any
    perturbation arising downstream cannot propagate upstream toward the base
    of the solution. No discontinuity of any physical quantity is seen along
    the slow, Alfv\'en and fast surfaces.}
  \label{Fig_struct_models}
\end{figure*}

We solve the MHD equations with the PLUTO code, a modular Godunov-type code
particularly oriented towards the treatment of astrophysical flows in the
presence of discontinuities. For the present case, second order accuracy is
achieved using a Runge-Kutta scheme (for temporal integration) and piecewise
linear reconstruction (in space). All the computations were carried out with
the Harten, Lax, Van Leer approximate Riemann Solver with the contact
discontinuity (HLLC).

At the lower boundary, we keep the physical variables fixed to their analytical
values, however, making sure that the problem is not over-specified. Outflow
conditions are set at the other boundaries, i.e. all gradients across these
boundaries are set to zero.

We performed 3D simulations on grids with resolutions between 256$^3$ and
1024$^3$ cells and a domain size of [-100,100]x[-100,100]x[10,210] in Cartesian
coordinates ($x$,$y$,$z$). For comparison, we also run 2.5D axisymmetric
simulations with the setup taken from paper~I, but now with a domain size of
[0,100]x[10,210] in cylindrical coordinates ($R$,$z$) and grids with resolutions
between 128x256 cells and 512x1024 cells, i.e. with the same resolutions as the
3D runs.

\section{Results of the simulations} \label{sec_results}

\subsection{Basic structure of the flow}

The three-dimensional and 2.5-dimensional simulations show a similar structure
of the flow. Since the initial conditions are not a steady solution of the
system of equations under consideration due to the modifications at the axis,
the initial conditions relax toward a new final steady state within about
$10\,t_0$, while after that only changes of a few percent are present. As
expected from the high MHD signal velocities, the inner regions of the flow
evolve very rapidly. MHD waves communicate changes of the inner flow to the
outer regions and are clearly visible as bends moving along the field lines. In
all models, a shock representing the fast magnetosonic separatrix surface
(FMSS) forms, as already described in the axisymmetric 2.5D models by
\cite{GVT06}, \cite{MTV08} and paper~I.

In Fig. \ref{Fig_struct_models}, we plot logarithmic maps of the final state
for the density and velocity components and also the position of the three
surfaces where the flow velocity exceeds the slow-magnetosonic, the
Alfv\'en and the fast-magnetosonic speed, respectively. All eight physical
quantities (including pressure and magnetic field components) agree well in the
axisymmetric 2.5D and the 3D models with the same resolution. Since the central
axis is not a symmetry axis anymore in the 3D simulations, some differences in
the region $R < 10$ are present.

\subsection{Deviations from axisymmetry}

In order to test for possible deviations from axisymmetry, we use the results
of our 2.5D runs as reference. For each grid cell in the finer 3D run, we plot
its quantities against its cylindrical radius and compare it with profiles in
the 2.5D runs (Fig. \ref{Fig_dev}).
\begin{figure*}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2a}
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2b} \\
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2c}
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2d}
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2e} \\
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2f}
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2g}
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{fig2h}
  \caption{Profiles of all quantities as a function of cylindrical radius at
    $z = 100$ in the 2.5D runs with 128$\times$256 grid cells (dashed),
    256$\times$512 grid cells (dotted) and 512$\times$1024 grid cells (solid)
    and in the finer 3D run (red points). Note that in the 3D run (a) $v_R$,
    $v_\phi$, $B_R$, and $B_\phi$ go through zero near $R=0$, meaning that the
    rotation axis remains stable during the simulation. (b) $\rho$, $p$,
    $v_R$, $v_\phi$ and $B_\phi$ show a discontinuity at the cylindrical radius
    of about $R\sim25$ wherein there is the FMSS shock at $z = 100$. The
    fluctuations of $B_R$ close to the axis are exaggerated because $B_R$ is of
    small amplitude around the $z$-axis. The discontinuities of $v_z$ and $B_z$
    at the FMSS are too small to be visible.}
  \label{Fig_dev}
\end{figure*}

Most of the profiles show a very good agreement between the 3D run and the
axisymmetric 2.5D runs and also almost no signs of deviations from axisymmetry.
For values of $R > 100$, we have only data points from the 3D run. In this
region in the corners of the 3D domain, a small scatter of points around the
mean profile is present which is possibly connected to boundary effects.

In the range $25 < R < 80$, the profiles of the 2.5D and 3D simulations are in
very good agreement in all quantities. For even smaller values of $R$, already
the three 2.5D simulations with different resolutions show slightly different
profiles, which result in different positions of the FMSS between $R=14$--24
depending on the resolution. The position of the FMSS in the finer 3D run is
also different to that in all three 2.5D runs.

Inside the FMSS for radii $R > 10$, the profiles show again only small
deviations from the axisymmetric mean profiles. In the innermost central spine
of the flow, $R < 10$, we see two distinct effects. The first one is the
changed behaviour in $v_\phi$ and $B_R$, which go to zero on the axis faster
than in the 2.5D simulations (in these simulations $v_\phi$ and $B_R$ also
vanish on the axis due to the imposed axisymmetric boundary conditions).
The second effect is significantly increased deviations from axisymmetry which
are mainly in the toroidal velocity $v_\phi$ and the poloidal magnetic field
components $B_R$ and $B_z$. These three quantities show patterns of an
instability. We note however, that these quantities are not dynamically
important, since at $z=100$ the flow is super-fast magnetosonic and the
dominant components of the magnetic field and flow speed are $B_{\phi}$ and
$v_p$, respectively.

In Fig. \ref{Fig_Bvariance} (top), we show a horizontal slice of
$\log ( | B_z | )$ through the computational domain at $z = 100$ for the final
time step. One can directly see that the instabilities are confined to the
interior of the FMSS, i.e.the fast-magnetosonic flow. The FMSS is fully
developed after one orbit at 1 $t_0$ and also the instabilities do not grow
after this time.

When plotting $B_z$ along a ring of radius $R = 7$ (and again at $z = 100$) as
a function of $\phi$ (Fig. \ref{Fig_Bvariance}, middle) we see a sinusoidal
behaviour which remains steady at large times. Related to its temporal behaviour
we can distinguish between three stages (Fig. \ref{Fig_Bvariance}, bottom). Up
to 0.5 $t_0$, the FMSS is still inside this radius and the variation of $B_z$
as a function of $\phi$ is only several percent. When the FMSS has expanded
beyond the radius $R = 7$, the variance of $B_z$ rapidly grows until at 1 $t_0$
the instability is fully established and saturates.

Most likely, this instability is induced by the rotating flow discretized on
Cartesian grid cells. Since grid errors are replicated in the four quadrants,
this would also explain the formation of four equidistant spiral patterns as
seen in Fig. \ref{Fig_Bvariance}.

\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.66\columnwidth]{fig3a}
  \includegraphics[width=0.86\columnwidth]{fig3c}
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig3b}
  \caption{A horizontal slices of $\log ( | B_z | )$ at $z = 100$ in the
    fine 3D run for time step 50 $t_0$ showing the deviations from axisymmetry
    (top). The four peaks of the $B_z$ distribution have small amplitudes and
    may be triggered by boundary effect due to our Cartesian domain. All
    deviations from axisymmetry are inside the FMSS where the flow is
    practically ballistic and therefore they do not affect the whole structure.
    Outside the FMSS the 2.5D and 3D systems practically are identical. In the
    middle panel, we plot $B_z$ as a function of $\phi$ normalized to the
    average value of $B_z$ along a ring of radius $R = 7$ (and again at
    $z = 100$) showing the sinusoidal behaviour at time steps 0 $t_0$ (black),
    1 $t_0$ (red), 2 $t_0$ (purple) and 50 $t_0$ (green). In the bottom panel we
    show the temporal variation of the normalized amplitude, i.e.
    $\Delta = (B_{z, \textrm{max}} - B_{z, \textrm{mean}})/B_{z, \textrm{mean}}$ as a
    function of time.}
  \label{Fig_Bvariance}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Integrals of motion} \label{sec_integrals}

We investigate the known five integrals of motion (see e.g., paper~I for
details)
\begin{eqnarray} \label{integrals1}
\Psi_A (A) &=& \frac{\rho\,v_p}{B_p} \,, \\
\Omega (A) &=& \frac{1}{R}\,\left( v_\phi - \frac{\Psi_A\,B_\phi}{\rho} \right)
\,, \\
L (A) &=& R\,\left( v_\phi - \frac{B_\phi}{\Psi_A} \right) \,, \\
E (A) &=& \frac{v^2}{2} + \frac{\Gamma}{\Gamma - 1}\,\frac{p}{\rho} + \Phi -
\Omega\,R\,\frac{B_\phi}{\Psi_A} \,, \\
Q (A) &=& \frac{p}{\rho^\gamma}
\end{eqnarray}
along surfaces with constant energy $E (A)$ anchored at the lower boundary at
($R$,$z$)=(10,10) and (5,10) and $\phi = 0$, i.e. in the $y = 0$ plane in the
finer 3D run. The values of the integrals are plotted for the 2.5D run with
512$\times$1024 grid cells as solid lines and for the 3D run with $1024^3$ grid
cells as dashed lines in Fig. \ref{Fig_integrals}, both for the initial state
as well as the final state. They are normalized by their value at the upper
boundary. Also plotted are the shapes of these surfaces which agree well in
both runs.

The integrals of motion directly show that we reached a steady state in both the
2.5D and 3D runs. Each integral of motion varies on a certain surface only by
a few percent. In both runs, we find a very similar behavior of the integrals.
Along the surface which is always inside the FMSS, $\Psi_A (A)$ (black lines)
and $\Omega (A)$ (purple lines) show in the 3D run oscillations around a
constant mean value.
\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig4a}
  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig4b}
  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig4c}
  \caption{The integrals of motion $\Psi_A (A)$ (black), $Q (A)$ (red),
    $\Omega (A)$ (purple), $L (A)$ (green) and $E (A)$ (yellow), respectively,
    along surfaces with constant energy $E (A)$ anchored at the lower
    boundary at ($R$,$z$)=(10,10) (top) and (5,10) (middle) for
    the 2.5D run with 512$\times$1024 grid cells (solid lines) and the finer
    3D run (dashed lines). The bottom plot shows the shape of these surfaces
    in both runs, while the three surfaces are highlighted in red, on which
    the integrals of motion and the force components are calculated (Figs.
    \ref{Fig_forces}--\ref{Fig_forces2}). The system reaches a steady state in
    the 2.5D and 3D runs.}
  \label{Fig_integrals}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Forces} \label{sec_forces}

We also investigate the $R$ and $Z$ components of forces along the same surfaces
as in the previous section, see Figs. \ref{Fig_forces}--\ref{Fig_forces2}.
The interplay between the $R$ components of the pressure gradient, the
centrifugal and the Lorentz force is responsible for collimating the flow or
triggering its expansion, their sum being related to the curvature of the
poloidal surfaces. They also contribute to the flow acceleration, especially on
the outer surfaces whose inclinations with respect to the vertical are not
small. On these outer surfaces, the three forces are working against gravity.
The Lorentz force is larger than the pressure force, however, is smaller than
the centrifugal force up to some distance, indicating the magnetocentrifugal
initial driving of disk-winds, and becomes larger at larger distances, showing
the contribution of the $\bmath J \times \bmath B=(\nabla\times\bmath{B})\times
\bmath{B}$ force to the flow acceleration. On the inner surface (which is close
to vertical), the Lorentz force always collimates the flow. This is expected,
since the $R$ component of the Lorentz force equals $-J_z B_\phi$ with $B_\phi<0$
and $J_z=\partial (RB_\phi)/(R\partial R)<0$ near the axis. On the contrary the
``return current'' is $J_z>0$ at larger distances, resulting in negative force,
as seen in the outer surface anchored at ($R$,$z$)=(20,10).

For the $Z$ components of the forces (Fig. \ref{Fig_forces2}) it is clear that
the Lorentz force always dominates the pressure gradient and gravity,
contributing to the flow acceleration.

\begin{figure*}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig5a}
  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig5a_init} \\
  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig5b}
  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig5b_init}
  \caption{The $R$ components of forces along surfaces with constant energy
    $E (A)$ anchored at the lower boundary at ($R$,$z$)=(10,10) and (20,10)
    for the 2.5D run with 512$\times$1024 grid
    cells (solid lines) and the 3D run (dashed lines). The colors show the
    pressure gradient (black), Lorentz force (red), centrifugal force (green)
    and gravity (purple). On the left is the final solution, on the right the
    initial conditions.}
  \label{Fig_forces}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig6a}
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig6a_init} \\
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig6b}
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig6b_init}
  \caption{The $Z$ components of forces along surfaces with constant energy
    $E (A)$ anchored at the lower boundary at ($R$,$z$)=(10,10) and (20,10)
    for the 2.5D run with 512$\times$1024 grid
    cells (solid lines) and the 3D run (dashed lines). The colors show the
    pressure gradient (black), Lorentz force (red) and gravity (purple). On
    the left is the final solution, on the right the initial conditions.}
  \label{Fig_forces2}
\end{figure*}

\section{Summary and conclusions}

We have shown the results of the first 3D simulation of a disc-wind crossing
all magnetohydrodynamic critical surfaces. This result is important in order to
assure that the main flow is causally disconnected from its source, which is a
prerequisite for a jet with the observed long lifetime. We have compared these
results with previous axisymmetric 2.5D simulations.

The structure of the flow in all simulations exhibits strong similarities. In
the outer part of the flow, its structure is almost identical in all cases.
Near and at the position of the fast magnetosonic separatrix surface (FMSS)
which shows as a shock, some minor deviations of the 3D run from the 2.5D runs
are present.

The 3D runs reach a steady state and stay close to axisymmetry for most of the
variables, except for the poloidal magnetic field and the toroidal velocity
which deviate considerably from axisymmetry, but are not dynamically important.
The latter quantities show signs of instabilities, which, however, are confined
to the region inside the FMSS. It is important to emphasize that the crossing
of the FMSS, which represents the ``event horizon'' for the propagation of MHD
waves, does not allow any disturbance at large distances to reach the base of
the flow, contributing to its stability.

The forces present in the flow, both of collimating and accelerating nature, are
in good agreement in both the 2.5D and the 3D runs.

The main goal of the present paper is to check whether the axisymmetric,
radially self-similar MHD solution for a polytropic disc-wind which crosses all
appropriate critical surfaces to satisfy causality \citep{VTS00}, behaves
``well'' also after (i) removing the axial singularity and (ii) relaxing the
assumption of axisymmetry.  We have found that this solution is structurally
stable to non-axisymmetic perturbations. The next step will be to further
configure and improve this solution such as it may describe realistic
astrophysical disc-winds. As in paper~I, this further extension will involve
the truncation of the solution at some arbitrary radii and use of this
truncated solution to study the temporal evolution of jets within an MHD model
and further comparison with observations.
\citet{SNO10} argue that models exhibiting a slowly varying poloidal field
component in the accretion disc (their model OP) match observations better than
those resembling self-similar MHD solutions (as their model BP). Note, however,
that in paper~II we showed that radially truncated self-similar solutions may
very well describe real HST observations.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
We acknowledge the referee, Marina Romanova, for helpful comments and
suggestions that improved the paper. The 3D simulations have been performed on
the supercomputers BCX at CASPUR, on SP6 at CINECA and on supercomputers in the
bwGRiD, the grid of the state Baden W\"urttemberg.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: getText() always return empty string from dynamically created Chip component? I'm trying to dynamically create some choice chip components based on an ArrayList of String from some computation and following are the code to create the chips and adding them to a ChipGroup created in layout XML file.
        if (mChipGroup.getChildCount() == 0 ){
            int i = 0;
            for (Classifier.Recognition res: results){
                Chip resultChip = new Chip(getDialog().getContext());
                ChipDrawable chipDrawable =
                        ChipDrawable.createFromAttributes(
                                getActivity(),
                                null,
                                0,
                                R.style.Widget_MaterialComponents_Chip_Choice);
                resultChip.setId(i++);
                resultChip.setChipDrawable(chipDrawable);
                resultChip.setText(res.getTitle());
                mChipGroup.addView(resultChip);
            }
        }

The Chips displayed correctly with the text but when I tried to call getText() on the chips, it always return empty String but not the text contained by the chips. I tested this by setting the OnCheckedChangeListener on the ChipGroup and making a Toast with the text (though it didn;'t work). When I tried to display only the checkedId it works.

        mChipGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new ChipGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(ChipGroup group, int checkedId) {
                Chip chip = group.findViewById(checkedId);
                if(chip != null){
                    Toast.makeText(getContext(), chip.getText().toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });

My current workaround is to have a variable holding the array results and use ArrayList.get(selectedChipId.getTitle()). but don't think it should be that way though
I also found that it is able to get text from Chips added in layout file but not run-time added Chips. Tried with both 1.1.0/alpha06 and 1.1.0/alpha07 release but am having no luck. Would like to have some advice if possible. Thank you very much.

A: So, it seems like a bug as per answered in here and here. Current workaround is to use ((ChipDrawable) chip.getChipDrawable()).getText() instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
«О́блако» () — фантастический фильм 2006 года, созданный в Германии. Действие истории происходит в маленьком немецком городе, где произошёл взрыв на местной АЭС. Фильм основан на сюжете одноимённой книги немецкой писательницы Гудрун Паузеванг.

Сюжет
Сюжет фильма разворачивается в городке Шлиц. Когда на неподалёку расположенной атомной электростанции происходит авария, Шлиц первым попадает в зону заражения. Мать главной героини, девушки Ханны, в тот день уехала в другой город, находящийся в зоне заражения, и погибла там в давке. Когда они с Ханной пытаются скрыться от облака радиации брата Ханны, Ули, сбивает машина, а Ханна получает большую дозу облучения. Но, тем не менее, героиня старается найти своего любимого парня и ведет борьбу за жизнь.

В ролях

Награды и премии
Фильм «Облако» получил награду за лучшую мужскую и женскую роли на кинопремии «Новые лица», в 2006 году; через год на кинофестивале в Баварии был назван лучшим фильмом для молодёжи.

Примечания

Ссылки

 Strahlende Liebe

Фильмы Германии 2006 года
Фильмы-драмы Германии
Фильмы-триллеры Германии
Фантастические фильмы Германии
Фильмы-катастрофы Германии
Фильмы на антиядерную тематику
Молодёжные фильмы
Фильмы на немецком языке

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


All search request in the LastPass browser can be eavesdroped by a man-in-the-middle attack. Furthermore all search strings were leaked to the logcat output.
The dashlane browser address bar integrates also searching. Entering a search term, it is forwarded to the Google search engine. The implemented log output writes the search request to the logcat output.
Additionally a man-in-the-middle attacker can also eavesdrop the search requests, because it is sent to Google by http-request (see screen shot).
Such a mitm attack on smartphones can be realized very easy by a rouge / compromised WIFI hotspot or GSM hotspot.
Searching should not be done from the address bar, instead call Google directly (HTTPS) and enter search term in the Google search field.
Redirect search term to Google via HTTPS; do not use HTTP-based search requests.


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Robinhood hires Josh Elman as VP of product, who'll stay at Greylock
Josh Constine	@JoshConstine / 2 years
Zero-fee stock trading app Robinhood is getting some product firepower as it dives into cryptocurrency and weighs platform aspirations. Investor Josh Elman will join Robinhood as its VP of product while remaining at Greylock, though in a reduced capacity as a venture partner instead of as a general partner like before.
With 4 million registered users, $176 million raised and a $1.3 billion valuation, the five-year-old fintech startup is shifting from a period of finding product-market fit to building a serious business. Elman's experience with rapidly rising companies like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn could help guide Robinhood toward maturity.
"In January, I started talking with a few of my partners about how I want to spend the next decade of my professional life. What gets me the most energized is when I can dig in on product with a hyper-growth company. To that end, I'm joining Robinhood to lead product, where we will continue building powerful tools to give everyone broader access to our financial system," Elman tells TechCrunch. "I am going to continue my role at Greylock as a venture partner, and will continue to represent Greylock on the boards in my portfolio. I am grateful to my partners for their support, and excited for what is next."
Greylock has always been known as a fund run by veteran operators like Reid Hoffman, who joined as a partner while still the CEO of LinkedIn . A Greylock spokesperson tells me, "Josh is a sharp product-thinker who has backed excellent entrepreneurs and innovative companies that we are proud to have as part of the Greylock portfolio. We are supportive of Josh as he takes on this new operating role, and look forward to continuing our work with him as a venture partner."
That term "venture partner" typically means someone who isn't a full-time permanent member of the firm like a "general partner" as Elman was before. Some might view the shift as a demotion, or the start of a transition out of the firm. Greylock tells me Elman can still lead deals, though.
The new role could create some conflicts, though. Greylock recently invested in cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase's August Series D. But Robinhood just launched its own cryptocurrency trading platform in December, undercutting Coinbase's 1.5 percent to 4 percent fee on trades in the U.S. by charging zero commission. Coinbase might worry that plans it shares with Greylock could make it back to Robinhood.
Read our post on the roll-out of Robinhood Crypto
Elman has dealt with this before, having hyped text fiction app Hooked whose seed round Greylock funded before it backed competing app Yarn's parent company Mammoth Media with Elman joining its board. Elman declined to comment about the matter.
Josh Elman at TechCrunch Disrupt SF
An eye for interfaces
Elman began his career after a bachelor's degree in symbolic systems with a focus on human computer interaction at Stanford in 1997. Elman worked on product for music company RealNetworks, and growth and job boards for LinkedIn before joining custom merchandise startup Zazzle . His big break came working on the launch of the Facebook Connect platform. He was then a PM at Twitter until joining Greylock as a partner in 2011.
In my experience, Elman is one of the best investors at spotting emerging social trends and helping companies find winning product strategies. He's quick to dive into teen-focused social apps, understanding and funding them before they blow up. He was on the boards of Musically (sold to Toutiao) and SmartThings (sold to Samsung), plus was one of the few investors in honest feedback app tbh, which sold to Facebook. He's currently on the boards of Medium, Houseparty and Discord — which are redefining blogging, video chat and video game communities.
Robinhood's Bay Area HQ
Robinhood could use Elman's skills as it tries to unite the traditional stock and cryptocurrency worlds using free trades up front while monetizing with subscription bonus features. The way Facebook and Twitter turned friends and thought leaders into a feeds of content to consume, Elman could assist as Robinhood does the same to financial markets.
Robinhood founders Baiju Bhatt (left) and Vladamir Tenev (right)
"I've known Josh for a couple years now and he's always struck me as one of the most thoughtful product builders," says Robinhood co-founder and co-CEO Baiju Bhatt. (Disclosure: I know Bhatt and his co-founder Vlad Tenev from
college). "We're lucky to have him lead our product initiatives and join our leadership team as we take Robinhood to the next level." Robinhood now has 170 team members across the Bay Area and Orlando, Florida. It's planning to hire a VP for engineering and for customer support while scaling those teams, as well as legal and biz dev.
Having jumped the regulatory and engineering hurdles to offer cost-efficient stock trading, Robinhood has a huge opportunity to become the backbone of a new generation of fintech apps. The company declined to comment, but the startup could one day build APIs so other products could interact with your Robinhood balance and bank account. Elman worked with Facebook to let partners piggyback on your identity, and he might have ideas for turning Robinhood into a fintech platform.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Is it possible to setup the file watcher in LESS to have the output file with different name from the source? I'm working with a style.less file and I'd like to know if it's possible to output a theme.css file when I compile. How can can configure the file watcher to achieve this?
Here's my current configuration:

A: Sure - just specify theme.css as a target file name:


After the destruction of Hurricane Irma, the Florida Keys Community Land Trust started building affordable cottages that can withstand the next storm. Like other tourist destinations, the Keys — a string of islands off the southern tip of Florida — require workers to staff their restaurants, hotels, and glass-bottom boats.
Read the entire article at CityLab.
When Hurricane Irma struck the Keys in September 2017, it exacerbated an already pressing need for affordable housing. Much of the cheaper housing on Big Pine Key comprised trailers at ground level and older buildings that couldn't withstand the storm surge and 120 mile-per-hour winds.
"The affordable housing was extremely vulnerable, so when the storm surge came in, the houses that were housing a lot of the workforce were destroyed," said designer Marianne Cusato. According to Monroe County data, Irma destroyed 473 homes on Big Pine Key — the most of any Key — and damaged 1,538. Three months after the storm hit, the Miami Herald reported that some Big Pine Key residents were still living in tents.
The Florida Keys Community Land Trust was founded in 2017 with the goal of "preserving and enhancing the way of life for the workforce of Monroe County, Florida." Community land trusts are non-profit entities that steward land and develop and manage affordable housing.
On lots that Monroe County purchased and will lease back to the trust for 99 years, the trust is building four new cottages that are engineered to withstand 200 mile-per-hour winds and are elevated 12 feet — one foot above the required base flood elevation.
The initial four cottages, built for $199,000 each (through a mix of public and nonprofit funding), measure 760 square feet and have two bedrooms and one bath. Monthly rent will be capped at $1,588 (80 percent of area median income) and will likely be lower for many families, Laurent said, depending on their income. To qualify for a cottage, 70 percent of a household's income must be earned in Monroe County. More than 100 people have already pre-applied to move in, and the land trust will give preference to families displaced by Irma. It hasn't yet selected the first residents, but Laurent hopes they will move in by mid-September.


What a beautiful wigmy boyfriend LOVE it.100% human hair , it looks so real.
Fantastic WigI ordered this product and I just love it!!When you receive the wig, let it rest for a few days. I used a wide tooth wig comb to relax the wavys.
really comfortable to wearThis is my favoritest so far.Looks natural than others ,I will going to order now!!!
natural looking hairThe wig is beautiful and the colour is wonderfully. I bought it about 1 week ago,it arrived quickly and is lovely. Thanks.


her marry the young man. So the next time he asked her — as he did nearly every day — to his surprise and joy she consented. The parents then saw they had better make the best of a bad business, and set about making the grand preparations suitable to the occasion. Of course the neighbours said a great many ill-natured things about the wooden helmet, but the bridegroom was too happy to care, and only laughed at them.
When everything was ready for the feast, and the bride was dressed in the most beautiful embroidered dress to be found in Japan, the maids took hold of the helmet to lift it off her head, so that they might do her hair in the latest fashion. But the helmet would not come, and the harder they pulled, the faster it seemed to be, till the poor girl yelled with pain. Hearing her cries the bridegroom ran in and soothed her, and declared that she should be married in the helmet, as she could not be married without. Then the ceremonies began, and the bridal pair sat together, and the cup of wine was brought them, out of which they had to drink. And when they had drunk it all, and the cup was empty, a wonderful thing happened. The helmet suddenly burst with a loud noise, and fell in pieces on the ground; and as they all turned to look they found the floor covered with precious stones which had fallen out of it. But the guests were less astonished at the brilliancy of the diamonds than at the beauty of the bride, which was beyond anything they had ever seen or heard of. The night was passed in singing and dancing, and then the bride and bridegroom went to their own house, where they lived till they died, and had many children, who were famous throughout Japan for their goodness and beauty.


text:
Das Keudellsche Schloss, auch Keudelisches Haus genannt, ist ein ehemaliges Schloss in der nordhessischen Stadt Wanfried im Werra-Meißner-Kreis.

Geschichte

Der Vorgängerbau
Das etwa 20 × 17 m große Gebäude (Marktstraße 2, Ecke Martinsgasse) am Nordende des alten Ortskerns, eher ein herrschaftliches Haus als ein Schloss, ist benannt nach der Adelsfamilie von Keudell, die erstmals im Jahre 1227 erwähnt wird, aber vermutlich schon im 12. Jahrhundert im Werratal ansässig war und zuletzt ihren Hauptsitz in Schwebda hatte. Sie waren jedoch nicht die Erbauer des bereits um das Jahr 1000 an dieser Stelle errichteten befestigten Hauses, das 1334 als "castrum Wenefrydin" zum ersten Mal urkundlich erwähnt ist und zu diesem Zeitpunkt im Besitz der Familie Preus (oder Preuse, Preusen) war, einem in Wanfried alteingesessenen und angesehenen Adelsgeschlecht. Neben ihrem Burgsitz auf der Vorgängerburg des heutigen Schlosses besaßen die Preus auch ein adelig-freies Vorwerk am Untertor, wo sie wohnten. Im Jahre 1409 kam dieses Vorwerk mit den dazugehörigen Wirtschaftsgebäuden durch Kauf von Eckard Preus an die Keudell. Es wurde damit zum Stammsitz der Wanfrieder Nebenlinie der Keudells und wird seitdem das Keudelische Haus oder Keudelschloss genannt.

Nach der Erhebung Wanfrieds zur Stadt durch Landgraf Moritz im Jahre 1608 wurde der Bau in den Jahren 1609–1619 festungsartig verstärkt. Dennoch wurde er, wie auch das Schloss und 182 weitere Häuser in der kleinen Stadt, im Dreißigjährigen Krieg am 25. Juni 1626 von Tilly'schen Truppen niedergebrannt. Nur ein schmaler, in länglicher Richtung zur Marktstraße führender Rundbogenkeller blieb erhalten.

Das heutige Haus
Erst nach dem Ende des Kriegs wurde auf den Kellermauern ein neues stattliches Herrenhaus errichtet, mit massivem Erdgeschoss aus rotem Sandstein, einem Fachwerkobergeschoss und zwei Dachgeschossen in Rähmbauweise, letztere unter einem Krüppelwalmdach. Ein Erker an der Südseite des Obergeschosses und zwei fast bis zum Dachfirst reichende Zwerchhäuser an der Ostseite, ebenfalls mit Krüppelwalmdächern, gaben dem Haus ein unverwechselbares Aussehen.

Spätesten im Jahre 1765 war das Haus in den Besitz der wohlhabenden Handelsfamilie Uckermann übergegangen, die gegen Ende des Dreißigjährigen Kriegs nach Wanfried gekommen war und sich um 1660/70 an der Marktstraße einen ungewöhnlich großen und repräsentativen Handelshof (das heutige Rathaus der Stadt) gebaut hatte.

In der Nacht vom 6. zum 7. April 1878 vernichtete ein Großbrand sämtliche Wirtschaftsgebäude des Hofs, aber die Feuerwehr konnte ein Übergreifen der Flammen auf angrenzende Wohnhäuser in der Martinsgasse und auf das Keudellsche Schloss selbst verhindern. Noch im gleichen Jahr kaufte der Rittmeister und königlich-preußische Kammerherr Carl Xaver von Scharfenberg, der zur gleichen Zeit auch das ehemalige Landgrafenschloss am anderen Ortsende erwarb, das Gebäude. Bei der bald darauf folgenden Renovierung erhielten die Fachwerkstockwerke eine Fassadenverblendung aus Greppiner Klinker zwischen das Fachwerk, was dem Bau sein auffälliges Erscheinungsbild gibt. Die abgebrannten Wirtschaftsgebäude wurden nicht wieder aufgebaut.

Im Jahre 1888 zog Carl Xaver von Scharfenberg mit seiner Familie auf das Gut Kalkhof etwa 1,5 km östlich von Wanfried. Das Keudellsche Schloss wurde zunächst Privatschule, nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg Privatschule und Landschulheim und schließlich, von der Stadt angemietet, bis 1960 städtische Mittelschule. Nachdem ein Schulneubau erfolgt war, kaufte die Stadt 1960 das Gebäude und ließ es innen umbauen: es entstanden die Stadtbücherei, ein Leseraum, das Büro des Verkehrsvereins und Wohnungen.

Heutige Nutzung
20 Jahre später erfolgte ein erneuter Nutzungswechsel: Am 7. November 1981 zog das Wanfrieder Heimatmuseum, das seit seiner Gründung 1924 im Rathaus untergebracht war, ins Keudellsche Schloss ein. Es vermittelt Einblicke in die Stadtgeschichte, die Siedlungsgeschichte der Region und die Weser-Werra-Schifffahrt. Auch zeigt es eine alte Bauernstube mit traditioneller Garderobe und Bauernmalerei, Bildwebereien, Werrakeramik und eine geologische Abteilung mit charakteristischen Gesteinen der Werralandschaft.

Seit 1992 besteht im Keudellschen Schloss außerdem das Dokumentationszentrum zur deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte, das mit einer Bibliothek von mehr als 3000 Publikationen, einem Archiv und Videofilmen über die Situation an der früheren innerdeutschen Grenze informiert. Insbesondere widmet es sich der Situation in der ehemaligen DDR, aber auch der Zeit nach der Grenzöffnung. Ein Modell des Dorfes Großburschla und weitere Exponate verdeutlichen die ehemaligen Grenzsicherungsanlagen. Mit Text-, Foto- und Filmmaterial wird außerdem das "Wanfrieder Abkommen" vom 17. September 1945 ausführlich behandelt.

2016 wurde ein Teil des Hauses Flüchtlingsunterkunft.

Anfang 2019 verkaufte die Stadt Wanfried das Gebäude an einen Privatmann, der es zum Seminar- und Gästehaus umbauen will. Das Heimatmuseum und das Dokumentationszentrum zogen als letzte der bisherigen Nutzer im Februar 2020 aus; die Flüchtlingsunterkunft im 2. Obergeschoss war bereits im Spätsommer 2019 geräumt worden.

Weblinks

Anmerkungen und Einzelnachweise

Schloss im Werra-Meißner-Kreis
Ehemalige Burganlage im Werra-Meißner-Kreis
Kulturdenkmal in Wanfried
Keudell (Adelsgeschlecht)
Bauwerk in Wanfried


text:
TIGTA: Identity theft protection needs improvements
In an audit, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) found that the IRS has greatly improved its identity theft protection program since the 2012 filing season but that additional changes should be made (The Taxpayer Protection Program Improves Identity Theft Detection; However, Case Processing Controls Need to Be Improved, TIGTA Rep't No. 2013-40-062 (June 21, 2013)). The report looked at the program controls used to process suspected cases, not at the adequacy of IRS filters in identifying potential tax identity theft fraudulent refund claims, which will be the subject of a separate TIGTA review.
Improvements noted. TIGTA found that the Taxpayer Protection Program improves identity theft detection and that the improvements made since the 2012 filing season helped even more. In 2012, the program identified 324,670 tax returns involving identity theft and prevented the issuance of fraudulent tax refunds totaling $2.2 billion. During the 2012 filing season (for 2011 returns), only 10 employees were assigned to answer the toll-free telephone hotline, and as a result, only 24% of the calls to the number reached an employee. For the 2013 filing season, responsibility to answer the toll-free number was transferred to the Wage and Investment Division's Accounts Management function, where more than 200 employees answered the phones.
Other improvements were the development of clear guidelines for employees in working potential identity theft cases. TIGTA interviewed a number of IRS employees, all of whom said the guidelines were helpful and that management listened to their suggestions for improvement.
Shortcomings. Under the program, the IRS mailed 375,742 letters to taxpayers during calendar 2012 asking the taxpayer to verify that he or she filed the return. If a letter in such cases is returned as undeliverable, there is no response, or the tax return is determined to involve identity theft, the IRS does not process the return and places an identity theft indicator on the return. However, TIGTA found that required identity theft indicators were not always placed on taxpayer accounts because Taxpayer Protection Program employees did not consistently follow procedures to input these indicators and because the format for entering information was not consistent, resulting in mismatched taxpayer identification numbers (TINs).
The second shortcoming was that employees in the Taxpayer Protection Program were not updating the central IRS Account Management Services (AMS) system with the actions they had taken on taxpayers' identity theft accounts. TIGTA explained that it was crucial that employees accurately update the AMS system because managers use it to identify the inventory of open and closed cases and to review casework.
Third, TIGTA found that the IRS had not established procedures to track how long identity theft cases took to resolve. The IRS claimed that it took an average of 15 minutes from the time a taxpayer placed a telephone call to resolve cases, but TIGTA noted that this did not account for taxpayer attempts to contact the IRS by mail, pointing specifically to taxpayer letters that had not been assigned to an employee in the three months after they were received.
The final criticism was the lack of documentation of training that Taxpayer Protection Program employees had received. The IRS provided TIGTA with a list of the employees who had received the training, but it kept no other records and did not require training to be documented in the Enterprise Learning Management System, the IRS's centralized storage location for employee training records.
Recommendations. TIGTA made four recommendations to address these shortcomings, all of which the IRS agreed to implement:
Develop a process to ensure that required identity theft indicators are placed on taxpayer accounts;
Develop a process to ensure that employees are properly updating the AMS system with the actions they have taken on identity theft cases;
Develop a system to measure how long it takes to resolve cases and ensure the measurement begins at the first taxpayer contact;
Ensure that employees receive the required training and that records are kept in the Enterprise Learning Management System.
TIGTA Rep't No. 2013-40-062


text:
Steely Jam
We are honored that Kipp Lennon has agreed to lend his "perfection and grace" to our Steely Jam family. Kipp's decades of experience singing and fronting bands including "Venice" and "Ambrosia" on stage, TV and film throughout the world, and his true love and passion for all things Steely Dan inspires us all to continue to "mix in the streets". Despite this "Change of the Guard", we are going to continue "Reeling in the Years". With Kipp's vocals at the helm, it is time to " Do it Again"!
Amanda Barnett, Stacie Gibbs - Vocals
Steely Dan songs are stories, narratives. And as such, require a suitable Greek chorus. Amanda and Stacie grace the Steely Dan stage with harmony at once elegant and powerful. Both accomplished recording artists in their own right, they are the perfect complement to the ensemble sound (and they both take the lead from time to time as well). When freedom is declared in My Old School, Amanda and Stacie sound the charge. When the Babylon Sisters shake it, they do the honors. And when the protagonist ruefully bemoans his lot in Hey Nineteen, Amanda and Stacie are there to make it all better with the Cuervo Gold and the fine Columbian.
Mark Chosak - Guitar
Growing up in Los Angeles, Mark has lived and breathed this music for most of his life. He credits the wonderful and essential guitar parts created by such masters as Walter Becker, Larry Carlton, Jay Graydon, Denny Dias, Skunk Baxter, Elliot Randall, Steve Khan, and many more as the basis for his guitar-education. A professional session guitarist and composer for film, TV, games and advertising, Mark studied music at UCLA and The Grove School Of Music and has performed and recorded with many artists over the past 25 years.
Jory Schulman - Guitar
Jory Schulman attended Berklee College and USC, and is currently on the faculty of Santa Monica College, also teaching in the Torrance Unified School District. His ear and feel for the music of Steely Dan is as natural as his unmistakably great solos.
Todd Richmond - Bass
Where there is groove, there must be bass. In this case it's Todd Richmond. He entered college as a music major, but somehow ended up with a Ph.D. in chemistry. Todd has played all over California for the past 30 years as well as gigs/albums in Japan, and moves seamlessly between jazz, funk, soul and rock. No wonder he is at home playing the tunes of Becker and Fagen.
Ron Mendoza - Keyboards
You can't just sit down and play this stuff, you have to live it. And Ron has been here before. A veteran of several Steely Dan bands, Ron knows this material better than just about anybody on the planet. A schooled, soulful keyboardist, Ron brings to life the inimitable Donald Fagen style.
John Platero - Drums
John has been playing drums longer then he's been brushing his teeth. His grandmother gave him a drum set at the age of two and he's never stopped. With over 40 years of experience in a variety of musical styles, John is honored to play tribute to the top studio drummers in the world. Steve Gadd, Jim Keltner, Jeff Porcaro, Bernard Purdie, Rick Marotta, Ed Greene, Paul Humphrey and James Gadson are the foundation for the Steely Dan catalog. To have the privilege to play tribute to these drummers is both a joy and challenge.
Julie Sussman - Sax, a.k.a. "Julie Sax," (and formerly known as "Julie Flute") grew up in New York. She attended Berklee College of Music in Boston and studied with legendary masters Joe Viola, Jerry Bergonzi, Herb Pomeroy, and Phil Wilson, among others, honing her jazz abilities. Her almost 20-year span playing Latin music in New York solidified her command of tight horn section playing. Now she is a California resident where she plays a variety of musical genres, ranging from saxophone quartets to small jazz ensembles to swing bands to original R&B groups to blues bands to – most recently – Steely Jam.
Keith Fiddmont - Saxes
Frederick (Keith) Fiddmont moved to Los Angeles in 1991 after leaving the legendary vibraphonist Lionel Hampton to begin a two-year stint with singer Rickie Lee Jones. He has recorded or performed live with such legends as Stevie Wonder, Luis Miguel, Diana Krall, Christian McBride, Marcus Miller, James Brown, The Temptations, Jennifer Holliday, Natalie Cole, Nancy Wilson, and B.B. King (Grammy award winning One Kind Favor), as well as gifted artists like Wayne Brady, Billy Childs, Queen Latifah, Michael Buble, and John Pizzarelli. His tenor help the Steely Jam sound soar.
Home at Last - Michael Lamper - Lead Vocals
If fronting a band is an art form, fronting a Steely Dan band is high art. The songs are great stories, full of evocative, hilarious characters like Kid Charlemagne, Dr Wu, Josie, Janie Runaway, the Gaucho Amigo, Cousin Dupree, Peg, Lonnie the Kingpin, a hostage taker, a giddily lascivious uncle… Michael brought audiences into this world with a joy and charm that leaves the room screaming for more. His powerful, graceful, melodic voice provided the cannon fodder, while his sense of humor pulled the trigger. Handsome, talented and hilarious don't come together too often, but Steely Jam Musical Director, Michael Lamper had it all, and he used every last ounce of it in bringing the songs, their characters and stories to life. Michael passed away the day after our final gig of 2019. God Speed, he will be missed
Home at Last - David Robin - Founder / Drums
Steely Dan created some of the greatest grooves ever heard. Notorious for squeezing every last ounce of funk out of the best drummers in the world, when you play Dan tunes, the beat bar is as high as it gets. As we usher in a new chapter in the Steely Jam story, we pay tribute to our beloved founder, drummer, and inspiration for this band's existence, David Robin, who left us too soon. A native of drizzly, rainy London, David moved to sunny Los Angeles in the 80s, and discovered that you can indeed check out any time you like, but you will never, ever leave - until the final act. An accomplished rock, jazz and funk drummer, David was the soulful engine of Steely Jam.
©2022 Steely Jam	| Powered by WordPress and Superb Themes!


text:
February 14, 2017 February 14, 2017 | Kim England
It has been a while, there was the small matter of growing a baby and then keeping said baby happy for the last 7 months. But yesterday I found myself back in the comfortable saddle of work and it was like i'd never been away. Except I have, and instead of being responsible for one little human I am now responsible for two…
Whilst on maternity I have had some time to reflect and think. And there has been a lot to think about in 7 short months the UK voted out of Europe, Trump voted in and our news is dominated with the horrors that are still taking place in Syria, Yeomen to name but a few. Some days the world feels like a very scary place, unsafer, more worrying. And I probably do worry a lot more now because I have these two small people to consider.
Communities and social media has played a massive part in the outcomes of some big events and over the course of 2017 we will see and hear more through our mediums of choice. At times i've felt incredibly overwhelmed and frustrated and as someone with a huge social media footprint i've found my timelines bombarded with desperation, negativity and anger from all sides of the political spectrum. I've seen friends, families and work colleagues fall out as individuals wear their heart on their sleeve when it comes to their political persuasion.
At the beginning of the year I made a resolution of sorts and that was to be more thankful. I wanted to try and cancel out some of the negativity with positivity. I wanted to put it out there to the universe that I am thankful for the big things, the little things and everything in between.
So i'd like to put it out there that I am thankful for meeting some wonderful new people in 2016. One in particular inspired me to explore my creativity and turn on my sewing machine. So when the world outside is feeling all too much I explore a new community i've immersed myself in, as I start to get to grips with the basics of sewing and take on some new personal projects.
I am also thankful to be able to get back to a job I enjoy very much and I hope I am able to continue sharing my community experiences with you through 2017.
Choice, variety and back to basics…
This week we've had the pleasure of having a student on work experience join our team, she's 16 and has just finished her GCSE's. We had a coffee and a chat and I asked her what three apps she couldn't live without, she listed Facebook Messenger, Snapchat and Tumblr as her top three, this was in direct contrast to my cousin (age 14) who listed Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter a few weeks earlier when I asked her the same question. Snapchat is clearly the favourite of the moment. But where one listed facebook messenger as her most used app, for the other it was a no no with her friends and she favoured Instagram. Interestingly they both agreed Twitter was boring.
Our world is filled with no end of choice and variety, we have a never ending diversity of needs, interests and expectations. However when this plays out in the workplace it makes us unproductive and siloed.
When I first took on the role of Community Manager at Pearson my first challenge was to merge 136 intranets into our new Enterprise Social Network (ESN) fondly named Neo (powered by Jive). Our objective was to break down silos, create one source of truth and have one platform where we were all equal. Five years later Neo is going strong but i'm starting to see more collaboration tools enter the mix, teams and departments are starting to think about using other tools.
Now I'm hardly the digital Luddite, in fact I'm normally an early adopter but I just can't help having this niggling feeling – introducing more tools is only going to exasperate the challenge and silo information and teams further. How much productivity do we lose just trying to figure all these new tools out? The resources needed to implement, engage and launch new platforms is immense, I should know i've been doing it for one platform for the last five years. What seems to be forgotten when we're all excited about all the shiny whistles and bells the vendor is promising success relies on – PEOPLE. You can throw new technology, more apps, customised systems at a problem; but if you don't tackle the behavioural change your tools will fail.
There will always be thousands of apps and tools being marketed at us to "simplify" our personal and work lives. How we respond and adapt to these changes will become our most useful skill at work and at home. However at work our goal is to add value to our business, before considering if we need another tool or another way of doing things, we should invest a little more time talking to our people and fully explore the tools we already have. Are we using them to their full advantage?
I've personally spent the last two months speaking to colleagues, learning about use cases, hosting focus groups and surveying our community. It has been enlightening i've realised 2015 is the year we strip Neo back to basics and revisit engaging our community with all that it has to offer, especially since we're upgrading to the cloud this summer!
We have quite the task list and as I work my through our Neo Improvement Project I will happily share the experience here…


The apparel industry is fast-moving, cutting edge and a highly driven arena, which is why our employees thrive in our environment and make a success out of what they do and deliver. We're a team of real creatives and highly skilled professionals. So if your credentials align with this culture, you'll fit right in.
Newstar is a great environment for fast track development, no matter what area: design, merchandising, tech, finance, audit, ethical and human resources.


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Q: Will two AC devices in same socket share same low voltage in there DC circuits? I have a 230v AC to 180v DC circuit with a MOSFET inline that I want to control via a PWM signal from a microcontroller (the load is a salvaged treadmill motor). To power the microcontrollers board I was thinking of using a usb wall charger and tying the negative reference of the two circuits.
Is it safe to assume that if two AC devices that are connected to the same house wiring circuit (they will share an enclosure) will have zero or negligable difference between there negative referances?

A: The DC output of USB charger will be isolated from the mains, sufficiently to protect the user from shock hazard (assuming a good quality unit, properly tested and approved).
The treadmill controller is probably not isolated from the mains.
It may or may not be safe to connect the output of the USB charger to one side of the mains. Certainly the wires, connectors and insulation are not designed to be safe. The other isolation barriers inside the USB charger may or may not be. I would advise extreme caution on this, and you should consult someone who is familiar with mains circuit safety and can look over your proposed setup.
Keep in mind that if you tie one side of the 5V USB to the mains and then connect a micro into the 5V USB power and plug your computer into the USB port of, say, an Arduino you run good chance of blowing up the computer, Arduino etc. and/or giving someone a nasty (possibly lethal) shock. Everything connected to the mains is then not 5V with respect to earth, but mains voltage wrt earth.


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Scott Thurston (né en 1952) est un bassiste de rock américain connu pour avoir fait partie de The Stooges.

Biographie
Scott Thurston a grandi à Medford, dans l'Oregon. Il a commencé comme musicien de session. Il a joué avec Jackson Browne (1986 à 1998), The Cult (1991), Melissa Etheridge, Glenn Frey, Hokus Pokus, Iggy Pop et The Stooges (dans le cadre du groupe de 1973 à 1974, et des enregistrements avec Iggy Pop en 1975 , 1977 et 1979), Nils Lofgren, The Motels, Ron Asheton, The New Order, Bonnie Raitt, et John Trudell. Thurston est devenu plus tard un compositeur professionnel, il a composé pour Jackson Browne, Iggy Pop et The Motels.

En 1991, Scott Thurston rejoint Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers  pour la tournée qui suit la sortie de l'album Into The Great Wide Open, et n'a plus quitté le groupe depuis.  Il est le multi-instrumentiste des Heartbreakers, joue aussi bien de la guitare acoustique qu'électrique, de la guitare lap steel, du ukulélé, de l'harmonica, du claviers, et depuis qu'Howie Epstein a quitté les Heartbreakers en 2002, Scott Thurston assure les parties vocales derrière Tom Petty.

Discographie

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1952
Bassiste américain de rock


Another UK gaming blog does a post on Kampen om Norge (Battle of Norway). This time it is a great preview article on Metagames. Please check it out. James at Metagames already seems to have a good understanding of the way the game works.


One of my earliest memories was of the restaurant Aloha, located in the balmy paradise otherwise known as Youngstown, Ohio. It was the sort of place that served flaming pu-pu platters and just the thing to stand in as "Asian" food in an area starved for ethnic cuisine. They would also give you a cocktail umbrella in your drink, even if it was something like a Shirley Temple. To my mind, that was the best thing about it. I saved my cocktail umbrella, a pink one, for weeks, keeping it in a drawer in a my desk to bring out at the most opportune moment.
Maybe a couple of months later, the opportune moment finally came. It had started raining heavily, and I was at home. I took out my umbrella and rushed out onto my apartment balcony, brandishing my pink umbrella over my head. Of course, the rain destroyed my umbrella in about 10 seconds flat. It was, up to that point, one of the most disappointing things to ever happen to me (SPOILER ALERT: I had yet to discover that Santa Claus didn't exist). But what can you expect? I was, after all, only 23 years old.
I have since been hardened by the resentments and misunderstandings of my life into a miserable, cynical person. So when people suggest an old-style, locally foodie-famous restaurant for lunch, my first instinct is to shore myself up for the inevitable disappointment. Because that is what usually happens. There is the longstanding Thai-Chinese favorite on Rama IV Road that serves soggy fried chicken and salads slathered in mayonnaise in the name of nostalgia. The internationally-lauded open-air standby that purports to cook old-fashioned recipes even as they serve tom yum thickened with condensed milk. And all the places, born from the first flush of post-WWII prosperity, that have fallen by the wayside. Often, the eateries with grand reputations appear to be trafficking on their names, happy to slide into brand-stamped mediocrity. It's not a great time for real retro either, at a moment when newer, shinier, splashier spots are opening every week.
Jay Dum, which is all the way in Patum Thani (Rangsit-Nakhon Nayok Rd Klong 10, 33/19 Moo 4, 02-546-1477, no reservations), is one such place with a grand reputation, but what sets it apart is that it is all the way in the middle of nowhere. So if you come here, you are really coming here, just to this restaurant, unless you are lost. My parents have been here enough times that they can say with authority that this day was better than that other day which was better than that other month, let's not talk about that. I have only been here once. The specialty of the house is what the specialty of the house always seems to be, the grilled river prawn. It is central Thailand, after all.
But it's all that other stuff that really gets me, because it's special in the way a really good destination restaurant is special. There are the thin slices of bitter melon half-buried in egg omelet and the stir-fried morning glory peppered liberally with green bird's eye chilies. The springy fried fishcakes (tod mun pla) with a cucumber relish. Those same fish turned into green curry with meatballs — made by loads of meticulous beating, because using a blender would turn these balls crumbly when they're supposed to fight you a bit in your mouth.
And then, there are the sautéed lotus stems, crispy and juicy and garnished with prawn legs (!) which is a first for me because, really, who wants to waste their time shelling those suckers? But my favorite of all, I have to say, is the crab egg chili dip, so thick with orange crab roe it would make you weep, and all tarted up with pickled baby onions.
If you ever find yourself in the neighborhood (why?) then by all means stop by without calling them first, because they don't take reservations. But if you're not in the neighborhood but have a hankering for fish in patty or ball form, and grilled river prawns in a place outside of Bangkok but not at the beach, you could do far, far worse than Jay Dum. You won't be disappointed.
Thanks for the Blog. I send copies to my daughter who is traveling in Thailand and I'm going to try some of them when we go out there in October. Loving it.
Thank you! Hope that it will be useful.


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Dubai, January 19, 2016: Medstar Day Surgery Centre, a state-of-the-art day surgery center, has opened in Dubai.Developed with the purpose of providing world-class surgery and healthcare for patients without the requirementof hospitalization or over-night stay, Medstar has adopted the emerging model of developed countries – day care surgery with outpatient consultation.
Medstar Day Surgery Centre is anadvanced medical facility with cutting-edge infrastructure and unrivalled field expertise specific to day surgeries. The Centre provides customers the convenience of receiving complete surgical care and discharge all within a day.
According to a report by Alpen Capital, UAE's medical tourism sector is growing strongly and reached US$ 1.69 billion in 2013 from US$ 1.58 billion in 2012. Dubai offers the world's largest healthcare free zone,Dubai Healthcare City (DHCC). According to DHCC, theyhandled around 500,000 patients in 2011, 20% of which were medical tourists.


This hair oil treatment for dry, damaged hair, with custom-blended Cupuaçu & Brazilnut oil, nourishes and helps repair.
Marvelous Oil can be used in any of 5 ways! Try a different use each day.
1. Pre-Shampoo Treatment: Apply to hair (wet or dry) before shampooing to help prime hair locks for gentle cleaning.
2. Boost Conditioning: Add 1 or 2 drops to your conditioner to help get rid of pesky knots and tangles.
3. Blow-Dry Protector: Apply to damp to help protect when blow drying.
4. Finish With Hi-Watt Shine: Apply to damp or dry ends to help smooth split ends and tame flyaways.
5. Treat Hair Overnight: To restore softness while you sleep, work into wet or dry hair and leave in overnight.
Rated 5 out of 5 by CAHD from Why mess with a great thing??? Cannot believe you discontinued this item, please please bring it back!! My daughter, her friend, and I all love this product!! So disappointed that obviously so many people love it and you got rid of it!!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Crispy16 from Please bring this product back! This was a great product for me, and based on all the other comments a lot of other people. Please consider bringing it back!
Rated 5 out of 5 by BCrocks2010 from This oil is/was incredible Please reconsider this product. It's the best. I have wavy hair and I color it. This product was the greatest at restoring moisture to my hair. Say it isn't so. Please don't discontinue!!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Carol23 from Great product! How can it be gone! Maybe it took a while to catch on? For me, I bought it for my son to try about 2 years ago. He has thick wavy hair that tends to frizz in the summer. Being a guy, he didn't try it. I came across it earlier this year in the closet and, even though my hair is fairly straight, it still has a few unwelcome waves and frizzy spots. Well, my hair has never been so soft to the touch or so easy to smooth. I recommended it to a friend who has a big frizz problem in the summer and when we couldn't find it in the stores I got her a bottle from Amazon and learned it is no longer made. I'm devastated for both of us - me for loosing the soft, silky hair and for her lossing the control she finally got. I have 2 other Garnier Oil products sitting on my shelf and neither are nearly as good as Mavelous Oil. I think it should be put back on the production line. I know at least 3 more people that could really use it. And they problem know 4 more, and so on, and so on.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Becca1 from I AM DEVASTATED THIS WAS DISCONTINUED I have been using the same bottle of this product for almost five years because I only used a little bit, and I finally just ran out and find out that it is discontinued. I am devastated, it make my hair beautiful and soft. My life is ruined and I don't know what to do.
Rated 5 out of 5 by CleoK from Better than Phyto This was an amazing product. The replacment with olive is not as good. Why was this discontinued? I would have paid twice as much for it if the cost of the ingredients went up. It was light yet kept my hair silky and never oily. I have fine dry naturally wavy hair. The scent was nice but never overpowered other products. I find the new version with olive oil to be heavier and it leftnmy hair smelling like olive oil after a few hours...not pleasant. Returned it. Will not be trying another Garnier product unless they bring back this formula. Buying what can find of the original online. I am used to spending a lot of $$ on hair products. For a short while you had me believing in your products. Very disappointed in GARNIER.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Angelwingsx2 from I'm missing you already I have just almost finished my second bottle of Oil Deep Nourish.My hair was so unmanageable and dry,after trying everything else,this was the only treatment that worked for me.Now you are saying it is dis-continued,I'm lost because I thought I had struck Gold when I found this oil nourish treatment.Now what do I do?Do you any left after the discontinue product that I may have one?I really would like to keep using this a little while longer while it's finally making my Hair feel like Hair.Very soft and smooth with a beautiful shine,that is what this oil treatment does for me,now you are pulling the plug on it,so sad,especially for me.


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Q: Magic numbers. Joomla K2. Wrong some categories links I have one category (Games) with subcategories (Gamesnames).
http://www.gamerno1.net/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&layout=category&task=category&id=1&Itemid=113
The settings of all categories is the same. But, links certain subcategories return to the parent category (Games).
As soon as I change the alias name - everything works as it should.
Below is a list of subcategories and their aliases.

Ancients of Ooga    91810
Anomaly Warzone Earth   91200
Cloning Clyde   91800
Dead Island 91310
Demolition, Inc.    98600
Dungeon Defenders   65800
Dungeons of Dredmor 98800
E.Y.E: Divine Cybermancy    91700
Hard Reset  98400
Jamestown   94200
Post Apocalyptic Mayhem 91900
Ravaged 96300
Revenge of the Titans   93200
Rise of Immortals   90530
Sanctum 91600
SkyDrift    91100
SpaceChem   92800
Spiral Knights  99900
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim 72850
Toy Soldiers    98300
Worms Ultimate Mayhem   70600
Xotic   92600

What is my problem?
Thank you!
Update.
If you create a category with an alias: 91810, 91200, 91800, etc. .. category will refer to the parent category.
Whyyyyy?
Magic numbers ...

A: I solved the problem.
I removed
urlencode($item->alias)

everywhere
and all earned the right.
Thanks for watching!!!