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How to protect yourself from trademark infringement
On behalf of Lindhorst & Dreidame Co., L.P.A. | Jun 16, 2017 | Business Litigation
Trademark infringement is a concern for companies of all sizes. It is an issue that affects companies on varying levels, especially if they are accused of infringing upon another company's trademark. This can be a very confusing situation, but today we will discuss how you can protect your company's from trademark infringement.
Trademark infringement occurs when one company uses a similar or identical trademark as another. The trademark could have a registered TM symbol alongside it or it could be registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The USPTO states that a trademark is typically protected based on it being put to use, but it is assumed that the use is not infringing upon another company's mark.
If your company is working on creating a trademark of its own, it's time to legally protect yourself from any potential lawsuits claiming infringement. Make sure you perform a good amount of research before settling on a trademark. You want to make sure it is not similar to any other trademark out there or even close to being identical in any nature. The time spent on research can help save your company down the road from a lawsuit.
There is something called liability to registered owner. If your company creates a trademark that is then put into use, and it winds up being an infringement on another company's trademark, there could be a problem. The liability to registered owner gives the company that registered their trademark an indefinite amount of time to find your company and file a lawsuit for infringement.
Protecting your company from a trademark infringement lawsuit is vital to your success. These lawsuits can lead to your company having to rename itself, rebrand itself or even shut its doors.
If your company has been accused of trademark infringement by another entity, speak with a business litigation attorney in Cincinnati to handle your case. Contact our firm today to have all of your questions answered.
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SUBJECT: ANNOUNCEMENTS; OFFICE OPENING; SOLICITATION
May a former associate (i.e., employee) of a law firm establishing his own private practice or join a new or another firm send announcements thereof to clients of his former law firm (i) for whom he acted as the responsible attorney in the performance of legal services by such firm, (ii) for whom he has performed legal services during the course of his employment, and (iii) for whom he has performed no legal services.
(i) Yes. (ii) Probably, yes. (iii) Probably, no. Upon leaving his former firm, an associate may send announcements to clients with whom he has had personal contact through the firm advising them of his change of practice.
Rule 2-103 of the California Rules of Professional Conduct ("California Rules") and Disciplinary Rule 2-102 of the American Bar Association ("A.B.A.") Code of Professional Responsibility ("the Code" and "A.B.A. Rules") provide in substance that an attorney may mail professional notices stating new or changed associations or addresses or similar matters only to lawyers, clients, former clients, personal friends and relatives.
Prior to the promulgation of the A.B.A. Code, the Committee on Professional Ethics of the American Bar Association ("A.B.A. Committee") has often considered this and similar issues.
In A.B.A. Informal Opinion No. 146 the A.B.A. Committee held that a lawyer opening a new office may send a notice thereof to persons with whom he has established a personal relationship as would reasonably justify a belief that he enjoys the friendship and confidence of such person to such extent that the person receiving the announcement would consider it news of genuine interest and value.
In Formal Opinion No. 301 the A.B.A. Committee, interpreting Canon 27 of the A.B.A. Canons of Professional Ethics, held that an attorney leaving government practice may send an announcement of his removal to private practice to attorneys, former clients, and to other persons with whom the attorney had a personal relationship such as to make it clear that they would be interested in knowing that he had returned to private practice, but not to persons with whom he has had no professional dealings or relations and to whom such an announcement would merely be a suggestion that he be employed. These opinions have been repeatedly followed by that Committee. See Informal Opinion Nos. 397, 530, 637 and 787. Canon 27 prohibited advertisements or circulars not warranted by personal relations, and did not specify, as does A.B.A. Rule 2-102 and California Rule 2-103, the persons to whom such announcements may be sent. Nevertheless, the ethical rationale of Formal Opinion No. 301 remains valid.
Attorneys should be able to send announcements containing only the information prescribed by California Rule 2-103 to those people who have a genuine interest in his practice and whereabouts, without the fear of improper advertising or solicitation. In its Opinion No. 178, the Los Angeles County Bar Association Legal Ethics Committee opined that an attorney leaving the employ of a school district could properly send notices to present or former students or personnel of the school, if he has established personal relations with them and his contact with them has been such as to reasonably indicate that they would be personally interested in knowing his whereabouts, present activities, and plans. The element of personal contact is further illustrated in A.B.A. Informal Opinion No. 637. A new attorney in town desired to send notices of the establishment of his new office to friends of his parents in the community. The A.B.A. Committee held that it was improper to send announcements to such persons merely because they were acquaintances of his parents.
The focus then should not be on the existence of any formal relationship. The source of clients to a law firm, the existence of an attorney-client relationship, or the distribution of profits used by the law firm with respect to the origination of business are not considerations which are relevant in determining whom would be proper recipients of such announcements.
Applying these principles, A.B.A. Informal Opinion No. 681 addresses itself to the question at hand. In his inquiry to the Committee, the attorney, who desired to send announcements, stated that most of the clients of his former firm were originally produced by a senior partner, and not himself. The Informal Opinion held that without regard to the origination of clients the attorney could send notices to his own clients, and to those clients of the old firm for whom he had worked, where his relationship to such clients was personal in nature. In addition, it held that under no circumstances could announcements be sent to clients of his former firm with whom he had no personal relations while associated with that firm. It also held that it was a question of fact in each case whether or not each client was an appropriate recipient of such an announcement. A.B.A. Informal Opinion No. 681 has since been followed by A.B.A. Informal Opinion Nos. 787 (subrosa) and 910. See also New York County Lawyers Association Opinion No. 109.
A.B.A. INFORMAL OPINION NO. 241
In his treatise Legal Ethics Henry Drinker states:
"One employed by a law firm and leaving to engage in independent practice may send announcements to his individual clients but not to the firm clients whom he has served."
Drinker, Legal Ethics 240 (1953)
Drinker cites A.B.A. Informal Opinion 241 as the only authority for this statement. Only an abstract of the holding of this opinion has been published. See Drinker, Legal Ethics, Appendix A. Apparently, the holding was based on Canon 7 of the A.B.A. Canons which proscribed direct or indirect efforts by an attorney to encroach upon the professional employment of another attorney. There is no parallel California Rule or Canon, Ethical Consideration or Disciplinary Rule in the new A.B.A. Code, which replaced the A.B.A. Canons.
In balancing the competing considerations ¾ possible encroachment of another's legal employment, and making legal counsel available (Canon 2 of the A.B.A. Code) ¾ the balance should be toward the latter. A client is always free to employ the lawyer of his choice. When a client does not know the whereabouts of the attorney of his choice, this right is necessarily limited. Accordingly, in Informal Opinion No. 910 the A.B.A. Committee held that if a client decides, without coercion or suggestion, that he wishes the individual lawyer who has handled his legal business previously to continue to do so even though that lawyer is no longer with the same law firm, there is no reason why the lawyer should not accept the employment. On the other hand, if the client wishes to remain with the firm which originally represented him, even though the lawyer who had actually handled his business for him is no longer with that firm, that too is his decision, and the lawyer should make no attempts to persuade him to do otherwise. Of course, the announcements authorized by California Rule 2-103(A)(2) permit no such suggestion.
The credence apparently given to client origination in Informal Opinion 241 has not only been abandoned by the A.B.A. Code, but was subsequently ignored by the A.B.A. Committee even prior to the A.B.A. Code's adoption. Accordingly, the Informal Opinions cited above, even though some cite Informal Opinion No. 241, all tacitly overlook or overrule its proscription against mailing announcements to clients of the law firm for whom the departing attorney provided legal services. Any precendential weight that Informal Opinion No. 241 may have formally had appears to have been abrogated and its rationale abandoned.
California Rule 2-103(A)(2) provides that an attorney may send a brief professional announcement card stating new or changed associations or addresses or similar matters to lawyers, clients, former clients, personal friends and relatives. Clients and former clients include those for whom he has personally rendered legal services to such a degree as to make their relationship personal in nature, despite the fact that they were technically clients of the attorney's former law firm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By working together we can build more great waves faster and improve river surfing for everyone.
We are constantly increasing our library of resources to make river surfers more effective and to improve all our river surfing lives. Contact us for information on any of the resources, to help create more valuable resources or to get help on your river surfing issues.
Below is a partial list of resources available through Surf Anywhere. We are always producing more resources as we work with river surfing communities around the world and help them improve their surfing lives. We are working on providing these resources in other languages.
If you would like to use the resources or have questions, please contact us.
Summaries of a wide range studies on the economic impacts of river surfing, river surfing waves and whitewater parks. River surfing waves can have big positive economic impacts.
To build a good river surfing wave you need a good location. A really good spot for a wave has the river conditions required to make a good wave and it will receive lots of public support. A bad spot means a wave will be impossible to build either due to river conditions or strong resistance. This article details what makes a good river surfing spot and provides some tools for finding them.
A list of questions that help us determine if the spot you selected is good for a river wave.
Many of the same concerns and questions come up every time a community engages in a wave building project. This document provides some good and simple information that will help educate people and avoid or overcome their concerns.
A beautiful booklet for communicating with governments, communities and potential supporters. The booklet provides an introduction to river surfing, river surfing culture, the various benefits, how waves are built and how Surf Anywhere helps build waves and communities.
This is an overview on the opportunities and concerns related fish habitat, fish passage and boater passage when constructing new river surfing waves. The comments draw on the referenced studies of fish passages and recreational waterparks, extensive review & testing of existing river surfing waves and a long history of building great river surfing waves in rivers.
This video is a call out to build local river surfing waves and a great introduction to river surfing around the world.
Information on what is a River Surfing Association (RSA) and the benefits of creating one.
To build a river surfing wave the local river surfing community needs to build public support, raise funds, convince local government to build and always push for the project to have good river surfing waves. This draft documents provides an action plan for River Surfing Associations taking the group from the dream of a wave to surfing their wave.
This draft documents provides details of a variety of events that any River Surfing Association can use to build community strength, raise funds and build broader support.
By-laws are the rules that govern how a group functions. These example by-laws are from an existing river surfing association. Each region will have their own government requirements regarding their by-laws and these by-laws will need to be adjusted to meet those requirements.
Conflict of Interest policies are often required when forming a organization. This is an example policy from an existing river surfing association. Each region will have their own government requirements regarding conflicts of interest and this policy will need to be adjusted to meet those requirements.
We are able to provide the framework for a River Surfing Association website. The layout offered is already in use by a river surfing association. The layout includes general river surfing information, river surfing safety details, equipment details, automatically updating flow information, governance details and more.
These are the results numerous river surfer surveys done in a variety of surf communities. The surfers include standard demographic information and what the surfers in each community want. All survey data is anonymous.
This document details the common river surfing hazards, explains common surf gear and provides links to other safety resources.
For over 10 years river surfing has been our passion. We have built waves, shared presentations with the world, made friends and did our part to make the world a better place. There is no limit on a dedicated group of individuals committed to doing what they love.
Start a project with Surf Anywhere.
Try reaching out and starting the conversation. Whether you're on your own, landlocked and surf stoked or you're halfway through building a wave we're hear to listen.


Federal Treasurer Peter Costello says the May Budget will be about sustainability, particularly economic growth that will benefit Australia in the long-term.
BARRY CASSIDY: The federal Budget is just 16 days away. We already know something about it: the Budget will change the Medicare safety net making it less generous, and that was announced ahead of time.
To discuss that and other issues we are joined in the studio this morning by the Treasurer. Good morning.
PETER COSTELLO: Good morning Barry, good to be with you.
BARRY CASSIDY: Just before we start, to your mind what will be the legacy of Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen?
PETER COSTELLO: I think he will be seen as the outstanding premier of Queensland. I think some of his achievements will live for a very long time. I would say the abolition of death duties changed Australia. When Queensland abolished death duties, every state was forced to follow and, as you know, a great deal of southern money came into Queensland and fuelled the tourist growth and the property boom.
The other thing that I pay great tribute to him for was they funded their superannuation. Queensland is the state with the strongest finances and that is a direct legacy of Sir Joh. So he will be seen, I think, as the outstanding premier of the 20th Century, somebody who put in place some decisions which set Queensland up for opportunities over the decades.
BARRY CASSIDY: We will move on to the Budget now. It is two weeks away, as I said. What is the headline presentation going to be if you manage to get the headline that you are looking for?
PETER COSTELLO: I think this Budget will be all about sustainability. It will be sustainable economic growth continuing. We have had a long economic cycle and it's our aim to keep that going so that we can continue to reduce unemployment. Sustainability in terms of expenditures so that in 10, 20, 30 and 40 years time the kind of decisions we make now will set Australia up for the great change which is coming on our society, the ageing of the population, sustainability in respect of the environment and the use of our resources and energy.
I would like to see this very much as a budget that projects from the current time out through what we believe the great structural challenge, the ageing of the population, out through that in 10, 20, 30 and 40 years time.
BARRY CASSIDY: So you are putting the emphasis on sustainability, not the welfare to work, that one's the centerpiece?
PETER COSTELLO: Well, that's a big part of it. You see why do we need to encourage more people into the work force? Because the number of Australians of working age over the next 40 years will hardly change. The number of Australians of retirement age will double. So what we have got to do is we have got to encourage as many of those Australians of working age as possible to take part in the work force. Now we have had a huge growth in the number of people on the disability pension, if we can give incentives for some of them to rejoin the work force, that's great.
BARRY CASSIDY: And incentives to the employers?
PETER COSTELLO: And to them, to encourage them to be part of the work force where they can. There is a lot of disabled people who can work part-time, who want to work part-time, who with a little bit of help would be able to work part-time. When you have got your unemployment rate at the lowest level in 30 years, the opportunities are better than they have been for 30 years. So that is part of getting as many people as possible in this working age group into the workforce, participating and it's not just in that respect, it is also in respect of mature age workers.
BARRY CASSIDY: If you talk now about sustainability, there will be those who would say "about time". In the run up to the last election there wasn't a lot of thought given to sustainability when you knew the Medicare safety net had blown out to at least $1.3 billion and you went ahead with that anyway.
PETER COSTELLO: Well, Barry, the fact of the matter is, as you know, we proposed a safety net first time ever with thresholds of $500 and $1,000. The Senate wouldn't enact that. Now when the Senate wouldn't enact that, you are faced with this situation, aren't you. Do you have no safety net or do you take what the Senate has prescribed. That was the situation which the Government found itself in. Now the Medicare safety net will be better because we have got it on to a more sustainable basis.
BARRY CASSIDY: Couldn't you have said before the election, levelled with people and said well, this is getting out of control we are going to have to take a second look at it?
PETER COSTELLO: If you had left it on an unsustainable basis, in three or five years time there would be no safety net at all and that would financially break.
BARRY CASSIDY: My question is why didn't you make that point before the election when you first became aware of the blow-out?
PETER COSTELLO: Barry, I think there are two key facts here, one is that it never existed before and two, it was put into a shape by the independents in the Senate, which the Government never wanted. The reason we never wanted it, is we believed that it probably wouldn't be sustainable. As things worked out, unfortunately we were right.
BARRY CASSIDY: In the end Tony Abbott took most of the blame. Was that fair when really as Treasurer you control the expenditure?
PETER COSTELLO: It's a Government decision, everybody in the Government is part of it, no doubt about that, Tony, myself, the Prime Minister, the whole Cabinet. In a system of Cabinet Government, Barry, the whole Cabinet speaks as one and the whole Cabinet supports this decision. Now I am very much a part of that, absolutely.
BARRY CASSIDY: On the question of sustainability, the IVF program costs around $7,000 a time, unlimited access is available at the moment. Is that something you will look at?
PETER COSTELLO: The thing about IVF, and I wouldn't see this in a financial sense, this is not a financial issue. There is a lot of debate about the medical outcomes. What is the optimal medical outcome? There is no point in giving treatments where there is a very, very low chance of success and so there has been a lot of clinical discussion as to what the best chances of success are and taxpayers dollars ought to be directed towards those. That's something that the Government looks at. Obviously we actually looked at it first back in 1996 to be frank, and it's something that the clinicians and Health Department always have under scrutiny.
BARRY CASSIDY: You sort of make a judgment that if after say three cases of IVF and without success, that's about it, you draw the line on it?
PETER COSTELLO: Well, I am not a doctor but doctors say that the older you are for the treatment, the less the chances of success and they also say that after a certain number of treatments, success rates decline and this is a matter to be discussed with the medical profession.
BARRY CASSIDY: Will you have to put an age limit on it?
PETER COSTELLO: Obviously there is. You know, as far as I know we don't treat 60-year-old women with IVF. I am not sure if we treat 50-year-olds. What is the reason, it's not a discriminatory reason, it's just that after certain ages these treatments aren't successful.
BARRY CASSIDY: You have prepared yourself for a debate on this no doubt because you offer a baby bonus to fertile couples but the people who need it most, infertile couples will be affected by it.
PETER COSTELLO: Nobody is going to stop IVF treatment. Nobody is going to stop IVF treatment where IVF treatment has reasonable chances of success. Let me make this absolutely clear. I think IVF is a wonderful technology, it has given a lot of people who wouldn't have been given the opportunity and I welcome it and I think it is wonderful. I know lots of people who have used it. The only point I would make now, it is better to get an IVF treatment in your 30s than in your 50s and your chances of success are going to be much greater. That's the only point I would make. I encourage people to get on with it earlier.
BARRY CASSIDY: That was the last Budget. On the GST negotiations, is there any room for compromise with New South Wales? Can you do better than $330 million in compensation or have you drawn the line?
PETER COSTELLO: There are two separate issues here, Barry. There is the division up between the states of the GST revenue and that is done on an equalised basis and that has been going since the 1900s. That has been there as long as Federation.
The second question is after the pie has been divided between the states, what do the states do with it? Now the states said that this would enable them to abolish other taxes but when we introduced the GST, by the way Barry let me make this point, no state premier introduced GST, not Bob Carr, not anybody else. When we introduced it, and principally me, we said to Australia GST will replace other taxes. That's why it came in.
BARRY CASSIDY: We are aware of the background but the question was is there any room to move with New South Wales? How do you do that?
PETER COSTELLO: You know, I made this point in relation to Joh Bjelke-Petersen, when Joh Bjelke-Petersen cut state taxes, Queensland boomed.
BARRY CASSIDY: Even today you are saying Queensland is leading the way in terms of economic management.
PETER COSTELLO: If you have a couple of states that say "Come into our state, we will make you pay stamp duty" when business can restructure transactions into other states where there is no double taxation, at the end of the day these states that want double taxation, they want GST and the stamp duties, at the end of the day they run the big risk, the really big risk that some of these businesses will just find it better to do business elsewhere.
BARRY CASSIDY: If there is a compromise in the wind you are not prepared to outline it now?
PETER COSTELLO: I think it is very straightforward. Six states, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Queensland, Northern Territory and the ACT have all been able to cut indirect taxes within their GST revenues. The two high taxing states refuse to do it. They want double taxation, no double taxation. GST is there to abolish those other taxes.
BARRY CASSIDY: Okay, just a couple of quick issues. Are you at all troubled by what is going on in Gallipoli in terms of the road works?
PETER COSTELLO: Look, Gallipoli is something that is sacred to Australia and I think we all want to see it as much as it was. But when you have got 10, 15 maybe 20,000 people trying to get into a very narrow beach, obviously you have got to have a road. The only thing I would say is that we all hope that the road which can give access will be as unobtrusive or less intrusive as possible.
BARRY CASSIDY: It's too late for that by the sounds of it.
PETER COSTELLO: You know, the road down by Anzac Cove looks from the footage as though it is finished. Obviously it is cut into the shore line but I think what we would want, is we wouldn't want to see any widening or any further works to go on.
BARRY CASSIDY: Perhaps we should have been paying closer attention.
PETER COSTELLO: I make this point, Barry. It's Turkey. You know, it is Turkey. The Australian Government doesn't control Turkey. We don't control road works in Turkey. We have enough trouble controlling road works in Australia. Let's suppose Turkey asked for a road into some park here in Australia, would you expect them to be directing the construction from Ankara. You know, it is Turkey. It's very hard to run a Turkey road construction contract from Canberra.
BARRY CASSIDY: Just finally there is a play in Melbourne at the moment called Two Brothers. It's going to Sydney soon and let's face it - it's a thinly disguised and very thinly disguised go at you in fact, that the chief character is portrayed as a killer, a liar, an adulterer. Are you annoyed by this?
BARRY CASSIDY: Putting this play to one side if you can, what can the art industry look forward to from Peter Costello whether he is Treasurer or Prime Minister into the future in terms of funding I mean?
PETER COSTELLO: I will always make a good subject for their plays, Barry. I would only ask they be a little more accurate in the future.
BARRY CASSIDY: Thanks for your time this morning.


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Q: Amazon Aurora more than one Primary instance I am trying to gather some information about Amazon new product Aurora and I was wondering If this product can have more than one primary instance for the same database?
Also is it possible to have more than one sharing?
I am referring to a multi-master model.

A: Currently Amazon Aurora is not really designed to support a multi-master model as it does not offer the auto_increment_offset and auto_increment_increment configuration options required for true active/active multi-master replication. Since every Aurora cluster can replicate to and from another Aurora cluster it is "theoretically" possible to setup an active/passive multi-master cluster manually. There is the potential to set up active/active if you can use primary keys that can be guaranteed unique across the cluster (ie. forget about auto-increment).
I typically don't recommend Active/Active multi-master due to the difficulty and risk associated with conflict resolution between the masters. Essentially, this makes MySQL an "eventually consistent" datastore, something that there are other, more effective solutions for.
For applications where uptime is paramount I typically recommend designing the application to continue operating in a degraded mode when it is able to read (replicas) but not write to the database. Then, a solid, tested, takeover/promotion strategy is needed to restore write capabilities ([cough] Amazon Aurora).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Eddie lands his first teaching gig at an inner city middle school and finds his highly pubescent pupils are receiving no form of sexual education. Eddie isn't really equipped to teach them…he's not exactly experienced romantically.
The Loner (2016)
Haunted by memories as a child soldier in 1980s Iran, Behrouz finds himself in bustling, neon-soaked Los Angeles, working to become a real estate agent and live a simple life with his girlfriend Oksana. But Behrouz's attempts at a normal life become increasingly difficult as his opium addiction and gambling habit rear their ugly heads, and he struggles to leave behind his past with the Iranian mafia. Soon Behrouz and Oksana find themselves caught between the feuding heads of the Iranian and Russian mobs.
Mulholland Drive DVD 2001 (Original)
After a car wreck on the winding Mulholland Drive renders a woman amnesic, she and a perky Hollywood-hopeful search for clues and answers across Los Angeles in a twisting venture beyond dreams and reality.
The Punisher Blu-Ray 1989 (Original)
When undercover FBI agent Frank Castle's wife and son are slaughtered, he becomes 'the Punisher' — a ruthless vigilante willing to go to any length to avenge his family.
The Punisher DVD 1989 (Original)
Mulholland Drive (Original)
The Punisher (Original)
Ghost Son (2007)
"Ghost Son" takes place in South Africa. A married couple Stacey and Mark live on the farm with their black teenage maid. Mark and Stacey love each other deeply. Unfortunately Mark dies in a tragic truck accident.Stacey returns to the farm and decides to remain there since she feels close to Mark.She is also carrying Mark's baby. After delivering the baby Stacey quickly becomes sure that her infant son is possessed by Mark's spirit. The evil force tries to kill Stacey to bring her to Mark.
Completely on her own, Sarah spends her time at home, waiting for the approaching birth of her child. But one night, a stranger breaks into her home, ready to snatch her still unborn baby from her.
PKR 3,150 – PKR 10,150


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Book Buzz: First look at Children's Book Week poster
Lindsay Deutsch, USA TODAY
Here's a look at what's buzzing in the book world today:
Children's Book Week: Caldecott-winning children's author and illustrator Brian Selznick (The Invention of Hugo Cabret) has designed the poster for the 94th Children's Book Week, which will take place May 13-19. (Click the poster to expand.)
Everything is 'Beautiful': Four of the top 10 books on USA TODAY's Best-Selling Books list this week have "beautiful" in the title: They're all part of the young-adult series by Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl. Leading the way at No. 2 is Beautiful Creatures, helped along, no doubt, by the weekend opening of the movie version with Emmy Rossum. It has grossed $10 million so far (not exactly Twilight territory). Creatures is followed by Beautiful Darkness at No. 4, Beautiful Chaos at No. 6 and Beautiful Redemption at No. 7. What's all the fuss? Think obsessive young love, mysterious powers and dark family secrets, a modern fantasy played out in a small Southern town. Yes, Gothic.
Posthumous hit: Irish eyes must be smiling. Maeve Binchy's last novel, A Week in Winter, set at a cozy inn overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, enters the list at No. 3. It's the highest debut for the beloved Irish author, whose previous best was No. 9 for 2001's Scarlet Feather. Binchy finished A Week in Winter, her 17th novel, days before her death last year at age 72. Fifteen of her books have appeared on USA TODAY's list.
Main course:The Dinner is turning out to be as scrumptious to American readers as it is to those in Europe, where more than 1 million copies have sold. It enters the list at No. 36. Dutch writer Herman Koch's novel takes place at an Amsterdam restaurant where two couples meet to discuss a heinous crime their sons have committed. Last week's U.S. publication was helped by advance praise from booksellers. More than 75,000 copies of the novel are in print. More than 20,000 copies sold in the first week, physical and e-book editions combined.
Bill O'Reilly' next book: First it was Killing Lincoln, then Killing Kennedy, and now it's Killing Jesus. News commentator and author Bill O'Reilly has announced that his next book, about the execution of Jesus, will be published Sept. 24.
Black History Month books: In honor of Black History Month, pick up four new children's books that cover everything from slavery to the Civil War to Martin Luther King, Jr. They are reviewed by USA TODAY's Bob Minzesheimer. Plus, look through a gallery of inside pages from the books.
Glide Church leaders: USA TODAY's Craig Wilson asks leaders of Glide Memorial Church Rev. Cecil Williams and his wife, Janice Mirikitani, five questions about their new book, Beyond the Possible.
Reviewed: Want to learn about the inner-workings of the Catholic Church? John Thavis answers timely questions in his new book, The Vatican Diaries(3 stars out of four), USA TODAY's Craig Wilson says in his review. And I review Good Kids by Benjamin Nugent (2 1/2 stars), a hip novel that's a contemporary exploration on relationships and infidelity.
Bookstores sue Amazon: Three independent bookstores in New York have filed a class action lawsuit against Amazon and the big-six publishers for creating an e-book monopoly with the use of DRM, which does not allow e-books to be transferred from one device to another.
L.A. Times Book Prize: Finalists have been announced for the L.A. Times Book Prize, including Katherine Boo, Jami Attenberg and Michael Chabon.
Amusing letter: This Australian author composes an open letter to the shoplifter caught stealing his book.


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One of the best projects of the island. Brand new complex perfectly situated right by the Mediterranean clear water. The beach is within few steps reach. You cannot get any closer to the sea than any other project in North Cyprus. Moreover you will have unlimited sea view and even mountains of Turkey across the sea. As you can see, if you are looking for beachfront property and breathtaking sea view this is a lifetime opportunity not to be missed.
Maldives Homes offers 56 units combining 1 and 2 bedroom apartments. Some of the garden apartments, you will have direct access to communal pool at your front porch. Penthouse apartment will have their own terrace where you can enjoy sunbathing and bbq at your own privacy.
In addition to that there are 11 bungalows with 2 and 3 bedrooms. Each Maldives style bungalow have connection with communal pool shared by other 4 bungalows. When you wake up in the morning or after the dinner while enjoying your peaceful time simply open the front porch door and dip into the pool under the shining stars of North Cyprus. Now it's time for you to indulge yourself with this amazing property with breathtaking sea view. Townhouse apartments starting from £ 85.000.


Four Point Mapping showed off its mapping skills at the 2013 Cycling Scotland conference in Glasgow. The conference was held at the stunning new Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome and Four Point's stand was set against the backdrop of the cycling track.
Cycling Scotland is keen to promote cycling as well as build high quality infrastructure and there is no better way to do this than through a well designed cycling map. Four Point mapping has worked for more than 15 years in Scotland since publication of the first Glasgow cycling map in 1997.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged chris hoy, conference, cycling, cycling scotland, glasgow, mapping, maps, velodrome. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Family Policy Priorities
Board of Reference
Abortion Law in New Zealand Q&A
"I'm With Both" Discussion Pamphlet
Sex Ed in Schools
Clean Up Wicked Campers
Easter Trading
Into the Sewer… River
Pedophile Register
Ban on Street Prostitution
ChildCare Debate
SkyCity Pokie Deal
Gambling Harm
FiftyShadesOfAbuse
Bail Laws
Auckland Brothel
Alcohol Law Reform
Anti-Smacking
Stop the Abuse
Fertility (2019)
Children Transitioning (2018)
Why Fathers Matter (2018)
Family Dinners (2018)
Imprisonment (2018)
Why Mothers Matter (2018)
Abortion & Health of Women (2018)
Child Abuse (2016)
Child Poverty (2016)
Smacking Law (2016)
Gender (2015)
Screen Time (2015)
Killing Me Softly (2014)
R18: Sex Ed (2013)
Daycare (2012)
Youth & Alcohol (2011)
Why Marriage Matters (2009)
Value of Family (2008)
Family Issue Polls
Anti-Smacking Polls
Smacking Cases
Teens who use concentrated marijuana more likely to use other drugs
NBC News 26 August 2019
Family First Comment: "Marijuana concentrate can come in multiple forms, including oils and butter-like compounds, and can contain very high levels of THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis. It's often ingested using a vaping device and doesn't smell like traditional pot. In the study, published Monday in the journal Pediatrics, researchers surveyed almost 50,000 adolescents in Arizona. The researchers found that among teens who used any form of cannabis, 72% had experience with the more potent products."
Teens who used a concentrated form of marijuana — sometimes called dabs, wax, shatter or crumble — are more likely to also use other drugs than kids who avoid marijuana, a new study suggests.
Marijuana concentrate can come in multiple forms, including oils and butter-like compounds, and can contain very high levels of THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis. It's often ingested using a vaping device and doesn't smell like traditional pot.
In the study, published Monday in the journal Pediatrics, researchers surveyed almost 50,000 adolescents in Arizona. The researchers found that among teens who used any form of cannabis, 72 percent had experience with the more potent products.
Those findings should serve as an alert to parents who may not even know their kids are vaping, said the study's lead author, Madeline Meier, an assistant professor of psychology at Arizona State University.
"I don't know that parents know about this stuff," Meier said. "If I weren't a marijuana researcher, I don't know if I saw [a vape with marijuana] that I would know what it was. Parents should educate themselves about what these forms of cannabis look like."
To get a better sense of teen drug use, Meier and her colleagues surveyed 47,142 students in eighth, 10th and 12th grades from 245 schools across Arizona in 2018. The students were asked whether they'd ever used marijuana or marijuana concentrate, as well as whether they had used either in the past month. They were also asked about other drug use, peer substance use and whether they thought cannabis was safe.
READ MORE: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/kids-health/teens-who-use-concentrated-marijuana-more-likely-use-other-drugs-n1045961
Keep up with family issues in NZ.
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text:
Garita Warriors return to South Korea
By U.S. ArmyJuly 11, 2019
1 / 2 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Soldiers assigned to the 271st Human Resource Company, U.S. Army Reserve Caribbean Geographic Command, conducted a press conference, at the command's headquarters, July 11, to announce an upcoming mission to South Korea. (Photo Credit: SGT Carlos D. Rodriguez, Public Affairs NCO) VIEW ORIGINAL
2 / 2 Show Caption + Hide Caption – Soldiers assigned to the 271st Human Resource Company, U.S. Army Reserve Caribbean Geographic Command, conducted a press conference, at the command's headquarters, July 11, to announce an upcoming mission to South Korea.Victor Labarca, President of the 65th Infantry Regiment Association,seized the opportunity to hand to Jimenez an official 65th Infantry Regiment hat, as a symbol of passing the generational baton among U.S. Soldiers from Puerto Rico. (Photo Credit: SGT Carlos D. Rodriguez, Public Affairs NCO) VIEW ORIGINAL
FORT BUCHANAN, PR- Soldiers assigned to the 271st Human Resources Company, U.S. Army Reserve Caribbean Geographic Command, conducted a press conference, at the command's headquarters, July 11, to announce an upcoming mission to South Korea.
"Today we announce that our unit has been selected to perform a very important mission in South Korea in the upcoming weeks," said Capt. Ayesha Jimenez, unit commander, accompanied by members of the 65th Infantry Regiment Association and the Korean-American Association of Puerto Rico.
The Army Reserve unit will be performing a reception, staging, onward movement, and integration mission, as well as postal operations, once they arrive to the Asiatic country.
Jimenez also talked about what the mission represents to a new generation of Soldiers, who wear the same sentry box or "Garita" patch used by the 65th Infantry Regiment, also known as Borinqueneeers, unit that distinguished itself during the Korean War.
"This is a huge privilege for us. As a new generation of Soldiers, we are honored with this mission. We will do it wearing the Garita and inspired in the great sacrifices of the Borinqueneers," added Jimenez, who gave a Garita patch to the members of Borinqueneers present during the media engagement, as a symbol of respect.
For Victor Labarca, President of the 65th Infantry Regiment Association, the Army Reserve mission signifies the continuation of their original mission during the Korean War.
"When I see these young Soldiers, I remember my time in Korea. I am very proud of them because now they will continue defending democracy and freedom in South Korea, as we did 69 years ago. God bless you," said an emotional Labarca.
Labarca seized the opportunity to hand to Jimenez an official 65th Infantry Regiment hat, as a symbol of passing the generational baton among U.S. Soldiers from Puerto Rico.
Kio-Cha Lee, President of the Korean American Association of Puerto Rico, also reflected about the military service of U.S. Soldiers from the island.
"They are our heroes. Thanks to them and their sacrifices, we have a vibrant democracy in South Korea. I hope this new generation of Soldiers have a great mission in Korea. We certainly appreciate their sacrifices," said Lee.
The Korean War holds a special place in Puerto Ricans' collective memory. U.S. Soldiers from Puerto Rico departed to Korea in August 1950, and played a critical role during the War, through the 65th Infantry Regiment.
In recent years, Soldiers from the U.S. Army Reserve-Puerto Rico, the largest federal U.S. Army command in the Caribbean, have continued being key participants of a longstanding military partnership, commitment and enduring friendship between U.S. and Korea, by participating in a series of combined exercises conducted by the United States in the Korean Peninsula.
Over 61,000 U.S. Soldiers from Puerto Rico participated in the Korean War from June 1950 to July 1953, when a cease fire paused the conflict.
"This mission represents the high level of readiness of the units assigned to the Army Reserve Caribbean Geographic Command," added Jimenez.
U.S. Army Reserve-PR Facebook page
U.S. Army Reserve-PR Instagram page
January 16, 2020430th Quartermaster Company installs showers and laundry units during emergency in Puerto Rico
January 16, 2020National Guard supporting earthquake relief in Puerto Rico
January 13, 20202ID/RUCD Soldier spreads goodwill to Warriors over Holidays
January 13, 2020Alliance Forged in War, Sustained through Combined Training
January 8, 2020Eighth Army fiscal year 2019 organization safety awards handed out
January 7, 2020Puerto Rico National Guard helps respond to earthquake
December 16, 2019Army major recognized as Honorary Member of Korean Military Medical Association


text:
The Short SB.4 Sherpa was an experimental aircraft designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Short Brothers. Only a single example was ever produced.

The Sherpa was developed during the 1950s for the purpose of testing a novel wing design, referred to as an aero-isoclinic wing. It was believed that this wing design could possess favourable qualities for producing tailless aircraft, and that the Sherpa would validate the characteristics of the wing for such aircraft to be produced in the future. While such a wing had been flown on the earlier Short SB.1, an unpowered glider, it was deemed valuable to use a powered aircraft instead. The design of the Sherpa is largely based upon that of the SB.1, to the extent that it incorporated numerous elements of this aircraft.

The Sherpa performed its maiden flight on 4 October 1953, after which it spent several years performing experimental flights and the occasional aerial display. After gathering sufficient data for Shorts' purposes, the company decided that it did not show sufficient potential as to continue its research into the aero-isoclinic wing. The sole Sherpa was donated to the College of Aeronautics at Cranfield during the late 1950s and flown for numerous years. It was eventually grounded and used as a static laboratory specimen at the Bristol College of Advanced Technology, before being preserved and put on display at the Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum.

Development
The origins of the Short SB.4 Sherpa can be traced back to the 1920s and the activities of Professor Geoffrey T.R. Hill, who was pivotal in the design of the Westland-Hill Pterodactyl, a pioneering tailless experimental aircraft. Even prior to the First World War, Shorts had been involved in tailless aircraft research, but interest in the field reached new heights in the years immediately following the Second World War. During the late 1940s, the company worked on multiple proposals for tailless aircraft in response to specifications issued by the Air Ministry, including Specification X.30/46 and Specification B.35/46, which sought a military assault glider and strategic bomber respectively.

In particular, one of the company's aeronautical engineers, David Keith-Lucas, was keen to eliminate the parasitic drag normally incurred by the presence of a conventional tail and fuselage, and thus was a keen proponent of the tailless approach. He also observed that directional stability was a critical issue without the application of traditional fins and rudders; it was identified that the outermost parts of the wing could be rotated and repositioned to function as elevons for stability and control purposes. New wing designs that presented a low aspect ratio, such as the delta wing, had been observed to reduce the onset of these issues; Keith-Lucas and Hill, jointly developed what became known as the aero-isoclinic wing.

Having become sufficiently confident in the merits of the aero-isoclinic wing , Shorts opted to produce a new experimental aircraft to incorporate the latest advances and explore its behaviour, thus it constructed the Short SB.1 glider. This aircraft was designed to be as inexpensive as possible and thus featured extensive wooden construction alongside its innovative wing. After only a few months of flight, the SB.1 suffered damage in a heavy landing at RAF Aldergrove on 17 October 1951. Shorts' chief test pilot, Tom Brooke Smith, objected to further flights of the unpowered glider. Accordingly, it was decided that the fuselage, which had been heavily damaged, would be replaced by a modified design that incorporated a pair of Turbomeca Palas turbojet engines.

Design

The Short SB.4 Sherpa was an experimental aircraft, featuring an unusual aero-isoclinic wing. This radical wing configuration was designed to maintain a constant angle of incidence regardless of flexing, by placing the torsion box well back in the wing so that the air loads, acting in the region of the quarter-chord line, have a considerable moment arm about it. The torsional instability and tip stalling characteristics of conventional swept wings were recognised at the time, together with their tendency to aileron-reversal and flutter at high speed; the aero-isoclinic wing was designed to specifically prevent these undesirable effects.

In the Sherpa, the wing, which was used without a tailplane, was fitted with rotating tips comprising approximately one-fifth of the total wing area. Unlike pure wingtip ailerons, these surfaces were a bit more like "wingtip elevons", as they were rotated together (to act as elevators) or in opposition (when they acted as ailerons). They were hinged at about 30% chord and each carried, on the trailing edge, a small anti-balance tab, the fulcrum of which could be moved by means of an electric actuator. It was expected that the rotary wing tip controls would prove greatly superior to the flap type at transonic speeds and provide greater manœuvrability at high altitudes.

In terms of its construction, the Sherpa was primarily composed of light alloys and featured a monocoque arrangement. Wing sweep-back on the leading edge was just over 42° to facilitate low-speed research. The Sherpa was provisioned with a conventional tricycle undercarriage. Two diminutive engines (Turbomeca Palas) were buried in the upper fuselage with a NACA flush inlet on the top of the fuselage and toed-out exhausts located at the wing roots. Fuel was housed within the fuselage in two 250 gallon tanks, which were balanced around the aircraft's center of gravity; electrical power was supplied by a ram air turbine by the engines. Blackburn, who produced the Palas under licence, hoping to market these engines as a new product line, supplied the powerplants for the Sherpa programme.

Testing
On 4 October 1953, the Sherpa performed its maiden flight, piloted by Shorts' Chief Test Pilot, Tom Brooke-Smith. Brooke-Smith had also piloted the earlier experimental glider aircraft, the Short SB.1, upon which the Sherpa was based. Although he sustained injuries in the crash landing of the SB.1, Brooke-Smith had quickly recovered and was able to undertake the test programme of the redesignated SB.4 (registered as G-14-1) throughout 1953–1954. (Incidentally, the Sherpa was named following the conquest of Mount Everest but derived its name specifically from its company designation "Short & Harland Experimental Research Prototype Aircraft.)

During the initial series of flying trials of the Sherpa, performed largely by Brooke-Smith, the aircraft had reportedly proved to be quite satisfactory; its docile handling characteristics led to be being described as being 'one of the most graceful aircraft now flying'. The aircraft was typically flown within a restricted flight envelope, during which it reportedly achieved a "flat-out" speed of  at , which made it amongst the slowest jet-powered aircraft to have ever flown.

Data from these flights was typically captured by an onboard flight data recorder and analysed post-flight to build up a model of how a similar full-sized wing would behave under various conditions, including various altitudes and speeds. Keith-Lucas had aimed to validated the wing as a low weight solution that behaved well across various speeds, including the transsonic range, but the attained test results did not fully validate his hopes. Aviation author Bill Gunston notes that, despite the Sherpa having attaining its design goals, the concept was considered to be "not fully realised in practice" and the project was eventually wound up without a direct continuation. Shorts did prepare multiple proposals, such as the retrofitting of the Supermarine Swift fighter with the aero-isoclinic wing, but these were not pursued.

The Sherpa itself was subsequently donated to the College of Aeronautics at Cranfield, where it continued to fly up until 1958. At this point, engine issues forced the aircraft to be grounded until replacement powerplants could be organised. During 1960, further engines were made available, thus flying of the Sherpa resumed until 1964, when, with its engine life expired, the Sherpa was finally grounded. Following this, it was transported to the Bristol College of Advanced Technology, where the airframe was used as a "laboratory specimen". Its fuselage was on display at the Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum, near Bungay, Suffolk, until 17 July 2008, after which it was moved to the Lisburn site of the Ulster Aviation Society.

Aircraft on display
The sole SB.4 is on display at the Ulster Aviation Collection, Long Kesh Airfield, near Belfast

Specifications

See also

Reference

Citations

Bibliography
 Barnes, C.H. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam, 1967.
 Barnes, C.H. with revisions by Derek N. James. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam, 1989 (revised). .

 Buttler, Tony and Jean-Louis Delezenne. X-Planes of Europe: Secret Research Aircraft from the Golden Age 1946-1974. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2012.
 Gunston, Bill. "Short's Experimental Sherpa." Aeroplane Monthly, Vol. 5, no. 10. October 1977, pp. 508–515.
 "Sherpa - Fore-runner of High Speed, High Altitude Aircraft." Shorts Quarterly Review, Vol. 2, No. 3, Autumn 1953.

External links

Turboméca Palas description
Sherpa fuselage exhibited at Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum, Flixton

1950s British experimental aircraft
Short Brothers aircraft

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: require.js Consuming an AngularJS directive from a different module Directive in a module is not being bootstrapped when called by a different module
I have an AngularJS web app with a module in it called 'heroEditor':
// 3) heroEditor ng module is created and injects the dataListPane
// module as a dependency (see step 1)
define('heroEditor/module',['common/module', 'dataListPane/module'], function(){
    return angular.module('heroEditor', ['common', 'dataListPane']);
});

As you can see above it is depending on another ng module called 'dataListPane' below:
// 1) define the dataListPane ng module
define('dataListPane/module',[], function(){
    return angular.module('dataListPane', []);
});

This is all wired up through requirejs and everything is called in the right order. In module 'heroEditor' I have a directive, also called 'heroEditor':
// 4) Register the heroEditor directive on the heroEditor module
// this directive will try to consume a dataListPane directive instance
// which should be available as it was registered (see step 2)
define('heroEditor/directive/heroEditor',['heroEditor/module', 'heroEditor/service/heroData'], function(heroEditorMod){
    heroEditorMod.directive('heroEditor', ['heroData', function(heroData){
        //hero editor directive definition
    });
});

Within the dependency, 'dataListPane' module is a directive that I want to use inside the 'heroEditor' directive's markup. Here's the 'dataListPane' directive:
// 2) Register the dataListPane directive on the dataListPane module
define('dataListPane/directive/dataListPane',['dataListPane/module'], function(dataListPaneMod){
    dataListPaneMod.directive('dataListPane', function(){
        // [NEVER CALLED] data list pane directive content
        return {scope:{},templateUrl:'a/valid/path/to/dataListPane.html'};
    });
});

In the markup for the hero editor, I try to drop in an instance of the data list pane directive (it should be available!) like so
<data-list-pane></data-list-pane>

In the browser though the directive function for data list pane never fires despite the fact that I am including it in my markup. Injection from a requirejs perspective is working fine. Ng also doesn't throw an exception when I create the hero editor module and give it the dataListPane module dependency (which means it knows the module exists!)
I am using ng 1.7.2
Any assistance would be vastly appreciated.

A: You haven't shown any snippets that indicate how you're pulling together RequireJS modules at a higher up level (e.g. some base app.js file). However, I suspect your dataListPane/directive/dataListPane module is never part of any RequireJS dependency definitions (i.e. unreachable from app.js), which is why the code inside never executes.
One way to ensure declarations on AngularJS-style modules are pulled in is to have the AngularJS module itself ensure the code for such declarations are executed.
// dataListPane/module.js
define(
    'dataListPane/module',
    ['dataListPane/directive/dataListPane'],
    function (dataListPane) {
        var mod = angular.module('dataListPane', []);
        return function () {
            dataListPane.init(mod);
            return mod;
        };
    });

// dataListPane/directive/dataListPane.js
define(
    'dataListPane/directive/dataListPane',
    // You cannot depend on 'dataListPane/module' here! (i.e. cyclic dependency)
    ['exports'],
    function (exports) {
        exports.init = function (mod) {
            // mod.directive(...)
        };
    });

I've made a working demonstration of this approach here.
Two points about the approach above:

*

*The separated directive definition (i.e. dataListPane in your case) cannot explicitly depend on the AngularJS module it needs to be declared on, otherwise it's a cyclic dependency

*Notice the AngularJS module explicitly depends on the RequireJS module the directive definition resides in and initialises it


text:
Un , ou littéralement personnage féminin fort, est un archétype de fiction qui renvoie à des femmes au caractère fort, indépendantes, courageuses ou résilientes. Parfois simplifié pour ne devenir qu'une femme forte en combat afin de rentrer dans le stéréotype, le personnage féminin fort est la plupart du temps une héroïne de caractère capable de se défendre et dont les capacités ne se résument pas à la force physique : c'est classiquement l'opposé de la , la demoiselle en détresse des contes de fée et des dessins animés des débuts de Disney.
L'émergence du personnage féminin fort au cinéma s'est fait dans les années 1980, notamment avec le personnage de Ellen Ripley, joué par Sigourney Weaver dans Alien.

Déesses antiques, la première image de la Strong female character.

Si les procédés d'écriture au sujet de la strong female character et ses atouts semblent évoluer au fil du temps, il serait néanmoins légitime de se demander à partir de quand ce personnage tantôt engagé, tantôt aux facultés extraordinaires ou à l'intelligence inouïe constitue un véritable phénomène littéraire.

Effectivement, si l'occident du  se projette comme image de la strong female character celle de Wonder Woman, il n'en reste pas moins que depuis l'antiquité et l'apparition inédite des systèmes d'écriture, la femme incarne une problématique prépondérante au sein des cercles littéraires et intellectuels.

Ainsi, déjà la mythologie grecque conférait à des individus s'apparentant au genre féminin, des traits et des pouvoirs divins. Hebe, très peu connue du grand public, servait un nectar aux dieux, source de leur immortalité. S'il s'agit là d'un pouvoir suprême, peut-être le plus important dans cet équilibre que forme la mythologie entre dieux, humains et animaux, son humilité en demeure intacte puisqu'elle continue de s'impliquer pour les tâches quotidiennes, notamment celles d'Héra, et fini par épouser simplement et par amour Héraclès. Leto, mère Apollon, symbolise le combat d'une maternité mise en péril par la jalousie d'Héra, errant avec ses enfants d'un bout à l'autre de la Grèce. Sa fragilité et sa modestie deviennent de prestigieuses qualités remarquées par son amant Zeus, puis sont devenus de véritables légendes, inscrites dans l'histoire de la mythologie. Mais la force et le courage féminin se devinent aisément en analysant le personnage de Rhéa, déesse parmi les autres, femme de Cronos, mère de Poséidon, Hadès et Zeus, qui sacrifia son époux infanticide afin de sauver ses enfants engloutis par celui-ci. Quant à Demeter, pourtant si impétueuse face à sa naissance troublée par Kronos et face aux poids des traditions divines qu'elle ne respecte pas en vivant auprès des Hommes, elle se laisse pourtant emporter par un chagrin, allégorie de l'hiver lorsque Hadès lui enlève six mois par an, sa fille Perséphone. Enfin, Héra, déesse du mariage et des enfants possède cette double carrure de femme juste, fidèle à ses valeurs et ses principes mais déraisonnable lorsqu'il s'agit de trahisons de la part de Zeus, allant jusqu'à commettre sur ses maîtresses et les enfants nés de ces liaisons, les crimes les plus abominables. Elle représente à la fois force, témérité et cruauté mais aussi celle qui nécessite attention et amour.

Alors, nous pouvons identifier les visages de la strong female character dans leurs diversités et qui représentaient déjà un défi majeur dans l'illustration de la mythologie grecque au point qu'elles sont perpétuellement étudiées, réinterprétées et réinventées aux besoins de l'époque et du contexte dans lesquelles elles s'inscrivent.

La femme guerrière à la fin du Moyen Âge
Au début du , Jacques de Longuyon, auteur lorrain attaché à la cour de Thibaut de Bar, écrit entre 1312 et 1313 un roman en vers nommé Les vœux du Paon'. Inspiré de l'Antiquité, l'incarnation des valeurs chevaleresques est faite à travers les Neuf Preux.

Quelques décennies plus tard apparaît leur pendant féminin sous la forme de Neuf Preuses. Jehan Le Fèvre, officier au parlement de Paris compose entre 1373 et 1387 le Livre de Lëesce dont les figures sont toutes des femmes issues de l'histoire et de la mythologie.

Les figures guerrières rencontrées lors de l'Antiquité ou de la mythologie classique resurgissent pendant le Moyen Âge afin de répondre à la nostalgie d'un monde chevaleresque. Dans le château d'Angers, Penthésilée, reine des Amazones, est représentée sous les traits d'une guerrière armée sur une tapisserie rappelant le thème des Neuf Preuses.

La légende des Neuf Preuses met en avant les exploits de neuf personnages mais seule la reine des Amazones, Penthésilée a été conservé. Le public aristocratique pouvait alors l'admirer sans savoir pour autant qui elle était.

À l'instar des Neuf Preux, les Neuf Preuses connaissent un succès considérable. L'art aristocratique multiplie les représentations à leurs images aussi bien sculpture qu'en tapisserie. La première représentation de ce thème iconographique se trouve au château de Coucy sous la forme de statues qui sont aujourd'hui disparues. Il existait également une cheminée sculptée des Preuses au château de Pierrefonds, construit sous l'égide de Louis d'Orléans en 1396.

 Crise de la chevalerie
Le contexte guerrier durant les  est la principale raison du succès des Neuf Preuses. C'est en suivant ces principes à la fois guerrier et politique que Jeanne d'Arc est qualifiée de Preuse. Un clerc français comparera Jeanne à Penthésilée, la reine des Amazones.

Cette crise de la chevalerie encouragera les aristocrates à utiliser l'histoire et les figures mythologiques pour mettre en avant les guerriers et les femmes de la noblesse française. La chevalerie demeure un idéal de vie masculin et les femmes sont invitées à avoir les mêmes ambitions à travers les Preuses. C'est alors qu'apparaissent les premières représentations de guerrières, ainsi la chevalerie se féminise.

 Le rôle grandissant des femmes durant les Grandes Guerres

 Infirmière durant la Première Guerre mondiale
La grande période historique qu'est la Première Guerre mondiale a grandement contribué à forger une image de femmes forte. Ces armées qui refusaient toute femme soldat ont alors eu besoin d'un pouvoir féminin qui se témoignait à travers un métier de courage et de bravoure, la médecine. Durant la Première Guerre mondiale les infirmières se révèlent aussi fortes que les soldats, elles côtoient la mort au quotidien et font tout pour la repousser. Sans ces femmes des centaines de milliers d'hommes, de femmes, d'enfants serait alors tombé. Il y eut un grand déploiement d'infirmières dans le monde, y compris dans des endroits reculés comme l'outre-mer. L'armée canadienne par exemple a envoyé plus de  en outre-mer pour secourir et soigner les soldats comme les civiles victimes de cette guerre. Ces postes, cette bataille ont permis aux infirmières de guerre d'obtenir plus de pouvoir dans les métiers de la médecine. Après la guerre il y a eu de nombreuses femmes qui ont pu faire carrière dans les hôpitaux, avec des postes à hautes responsabilités. Leurs actes en tant qu'infirmière pendant la guerre les ont révélés. Elles purent apprendre plus et devenir plus. Leurs courages et leurs dévotions ont ouvert des portes, pour leur carrière mais aussi pour toutes les autres femmes et infirmières. Un grand nombre d'infirmière vétérans ayant opté pour le mariage et la maternité arrivent elles aussi à restaient engagées et actives pour le bien de tous, avec un investissement social par exemple. Toutes ont donc pu participer à l'essor des soins infirmiers hygiénistes et du service social en santé. De par leurs courages, leurs engagements, leurs choix de vie après-guerre, ces infirmières de guerre sont le symbole d'un véritable personnage féminin fort.

 Travailleuse industrielles actives durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale un personnage fictif féminin a donné aux femmes un tout nouveau pouvoir d'agir et de s'investir : Rosie la riveteuse. Cette femme inventée par le service de communication de l'État américain a d'abord été imaginé pour donner aux femmes américaines un modèle de femme forte qui les inspirerait et leur donnerait envie de s'engager à leur manière dans cette guerre. Autrement que de par la médecine, ou autres métiers typiquement féminins, ces femmes pouvaient agir. Rosie la riveteuse est un personnage de propagande qui incitait les femmes à adopter « des métiers d'hommes » afin d'aider l'industrie militaire qui manquait de travailleurs. C'est en 1942 qu'est inventé cette femme avec son slogan « We can do it », après l'attaque de Pearl Harbor et l'engagement des États-Unis dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale le pays a dû faire face à un grand manque de main-d'œuvre, les seules à pouvoir pallier ce manque, les seules qui le ne travaillaient pas encore, c'était les femmes. On retrouvait alors des femmes là où elles n'avaient encore jamais été, elles travaillaient sur les chaines d'assemblage, elles s'occupent des machines telles que les riveteuses, construisent les fuselages des avions, et bien d'autres. Sans le savoir le pays venait de fonder l'un de ses premiers personnages féminins fort, leur premier personnage féministe. Toutes ses femmes qui travaillaient à la place d'hommes dans les usines, sont une représentation parfaite d'une nouvelle génération menée de front par un nouveau et puissant pouvoir féminin. L'année 1944 on peut compter jusqu'à 20 millions de femmes travailleuses. Elles avaient un surnom, elles se faisaient appeler les « Rosies ».

 Les femmes rebelles et fortes dans les romans
Au , nous pouvons voir au quotidien de nombreuses femmes qui représentent l'image de la femme forte et courageuse au cinéma et à la télévision, mais ce genre de personnalités apparaissaient également bien avant l'apparition des écrans, dans la littérature au  et jusqu'à aujourd'hui.

Ces 7 exemples issus de romans et écrits à des époques différentes peuvent bien illustrer le caractère de ces femmes.

Tout d'abord au , le livre les liaisons dangereuses a été écrit par Pierre Chordelos de Laclos en 1782 . Durant ce siècle, les femmes n'ont pas beaucoup de droits mais le personnage principal, la marquise de Merteuil, sera présentée comme étant une femme très en avance sur son époque. Il s'agit d'une femme séductrice et manipulatrice et son comportement et tout le contraire aux droits des femmes de l'époque.

Au , également d'autres personnalités fortes apparaissent notamment dans le livre Orgueil et préjugés de Jane Austen. Elisabeth Bennet est une véritable féministe qui refuse d'épouser n'importe quel homme même si sa mère la pousse au mariage. Très peu de femmes s'opposaient au mariage imposé par leurs parents à cette époque, c'est donc pour cela qu'elle est vue comme une femme indépendante avec une forte personnalité. Le personnage Jo March, issu du livre Les Quatre Filles du docteur March de Louisa May est considéré également comme une héroïne de littérature féministe avant l'heure. Ce livre ayant été écrit en 1868, nous montre le caractère d'une femme rebelle qui voudrait faire la guerre, qui ne se laisse pas faire face aux hommes et qui est donc très indépendante.

Au , La saga des sorcières, écrite par Anne Rice, relate des événements qui se sont passés à partir du . Le personnage principal, Rowan Mayfair doit combattre un esprit qui menace sa famille depuis de nombreux siècles, quand elle découvre qu'elle est une sorcière. Elle est intelligente forte et mystérieuse, elle connaîtra beaucoup de drames durant toute son aventure mais ne perdra jamais espoir et c'est sa puissance qui fera de l'ombre aux autres personnages et fera d'elle un modèle. Dans Le silence des agneaux, livre écrit en 1988 par Thomas Harris, on nous parle de la vie d'une femme, Clarice Starling, faisant partie du FBI, et qui s'élève dans un monde d'homme par son métier. C'est une femme forte et intelligente.

Plus récemment, La saga Millénium est une trilogie de roman écrit entre 2005 et 2007 par Stieg Larsson. Ses romans mettent en avant une jeune femme, Lisbeth Salander qui, malgré son look gothique, apparaît comme étant forte, courageuse et nous donne une image positive. Enfin on peut aussi trouver le livre Bilqiss de Saphia Azzedine sorti en 2015 qui parle d'une jeune femme qui vit dans un monde où se maquiller et écouter de la musique est interdit et risque d'être condamnée à mort pour avoir fait cela. Elle fait preuve tout au long du livre de courage et de répondant et apparaît donc comme un modèle.

Ainsi, ces femmes ont toutes un caractère différent mais se ressemblent malgré tout et représentent bien l'image de la femme forte et indépendante face à son époque, parfois très dure pour les droits des femmes.

 Les héroïnes de films les plus courageuses
Au cinéma, on retrouve aussi de nombreuses actrices jouant des rôles de femmes fortes et courageuses, comme dans ces 10 exemples issus du cinéma du monde entier.

On peut ainsi retrouver Sigourney Weaver dans Alien puis dans Aliens, le retour, Alien 3, et Alien, la résurrection. Son rôle était à l'origine écrit pour un homme mais son personnage a su faire sa place, seule au milieu d'hommes, et l'image de l'actrice avec un fusil d'assaut est devenu culte.

Le film Une femme fantastique remporte son premier oscar du meilleur film en langue étrangère en 2018. Dans ce film qui parle de transphobie et de préjugés,le personnage de Daniela Vega est vu comme une incarnation de force et est vu comme une femme qui refuse d'être réduite au silence.

Dans Tigre et Dragon l'affrontement lors d'une scène de combat montre les talents des deux personnages féminins qui s'affrontent et notamment l'actrice Michelle Yeoh.

Linda Hamilton dans Terminator 2 : Le Jugement dernier qui était une simple étudiante un peu timide au début est devenu une véritable héroïne pour la série de film Terminator.

Le personnage de Furiosa de Charlize Theron dans Mad Max: Fury Road vit dans un monde où son chef a le pouvoir sur les femmes et les rends en esclavage. Furiosa les rendra libres et s'enfuira, ce qui déclenchera une course poursuite. C'est un personnage important dans le film qui fera même de l'ombre aux acteurs masculins.

Dans le film La Favorite, trois actrices principales apparaissent, Olivia Colman, Emma Stone et Rachel Weisz. Elles sont toutes ambitieuses et intelligentes, elles savent faire de la politique, se servir d'une arme et arrivent à déjouer les plans des autres. Ce sont les hommes qui sont vus plus faibles qu'elles dans ce film.

Bette Davis dans Eve qui est chaleureuse et joyeuse, passe son temps à danser et est vue comme une véritable star.

Dans Le film Tangerine, il s'agit de deux prostituées transsexuelles. L'actrice Mya Taylor qui joue le rôle d'une des deux filles, sera la première actrice ouvertement transgenre à remporter un Indépendant Spirit Award et un Gotham Award.

Les Figures de l'ombre raconte l'histoire de trois jeunes filles interprétée par Taraji P Henson, Octavia Spencer et Janelle Monáe qui sont des pionnières scientifiques qui ont aidé la NASA dans la course à l'espace. Elles ne sont pas reconnues pour leurs travaux et sont toutes les trois confrontées à la ségrégation raciale, au sexisme au travail, et aux préjugés.

Millénium : Les Hommes qui n'aimaient pas les femmes est une adaptation réussie de la saga Millénium. Le personnage que Noomi Rapace interprète refuse d'être l'objet du regard des hommes et deviendra une véritable icône féministe.

 Comment dépeindre un portrait "parfait" du Strong female character ?
Il est nécessaire de rappeler que le prototype même du strong female character reste controversé à l'heure actuelle puisqu'ils (ou « elles » serait sémantiquement parlant plus correct à employer) en existent autant de sortes auxquelles on attribue des caractéristiques toutes aussi diversifiées les unes que les autres, qu'ils existent de protagonistes féminins.

Par exemple, Buffy Summers, téméraire et courageuse héroïne, chasseur de primes de vampires au grand cœur qui, malgré les violences assimilées de par son quotidien horrifique, continue de prôner sagesse et bienveillance. Ainsi ici, la force de caractère du personnage féminin se traduit par une raison solide et la prestance de valeurs morales. Quant au personnage D'Ellen Ripley dans le film Alien, à l'instinct maternel, intelligente et en perpétuel quête de confiance en soi, elle incarne la simplicité d'une femme qui ne doit rien à personne sinon à ses compétences et sa persévérance mises tout au long du film, à rude épreuve. Katniss Everdeen, personnage principal du blockbuster Hunger Games représente l'instruction, comparable à celle reçue par les militaires traditionnels, et le développement de la force, à la fois physique et psychologique, lui permettant de garder sa famille à l'abri. Elle rencontre très peu d'enjeux ou d'intérêts [ZI1] amoureux au sein de cet univers dystopique et de science-fiction d'anticipation. La dernière figure emblématique du strong character female, connue sous le nom d'Hermione Granger et crée par JK Rowling, nous dévoile un personnage attendrissant, jeune mais surtout intelligente, cultivée, curieuse et aux résultats bien plus satisfaisants que ses autres camarades au « sang pur ». Elle se bat et prouve autour d'elle que sa différence (qui consiste à être née de parents dénués de pouvoirs extraordinaires) ne constitue en aucun cas un défaut, sinon une qualité, un enrichissement qui lui permet par ailleurs de sauver plusieurs fois ses amis en de dangereuses circonstances.

La création d'un personnage féminin finalement ne semble pas si différente de son homologue masculin : nécessité de trame de fond, de motivation et de profondeur pour cultiver un profil tridimensionnel leur offrant authenticité, légitimité et crédibilité…

Premièrement, il est important de complexifier les émotions, les sentiments et par conséquences les décisions prises par le personnage. À l'instar des protagonistes masculins, les héroïnes éprouvent des difficultés devant certaines situations et des facilités face à d'autres. Il ne s'agit donc pas d'en faire un cliché, une femme indestructible mais bien un portrait psychologique avec ses complexités, ses paradoxes voire ses incohérences. En bref un personnage auquel le lecteur/spectateur pourrait s'identifier.

Combats personnels, voyages initiatiques, puissance physique et mentale, attribution de pouvoirs magiques, respect des valeurs, sens de l'observation et de l'analyse critique poussée à son maximum… autant de qualités et de forces qui peuvent et devraient se conjuguer afin réaliser un strong female character digne de ce nom.

De plus, diversifier l'entourage du personnage lui ajoute un charisme et réaffirme les capacités fantastiques de celui-ci. Le choix des sexes des alliés est primordial pour déterminer les relations et l'apparence qu'entretient notre protagoniste.

D'ailleurs, l'apparence physique constitue un point important pour les strong female character qui portent souvent une blessure ou un complexe qui devient parfois un avantage ou se transforme en réel problème (Malicia a des mèches blanches dans le film X MEN à cause d'une blessure de combat, elles deviennent sujettes de raillerie pour les autres élèves de l'académie des mutants).

 Les limites de l'appellation Strong Female Character
La création d'une catégorie de Strong Female Characters  est au centre des critiques. Leur pendant masculin n'appartienne à aucune catégorie, ainsi Sherlock Holmes est aussi fort par sa déduction et son intelligence mais non pas physiquement, pourtant il est quand même considéré comme un personnage fort. Tandis que les personnages féminins forts appartiennent à une catégorie bien distincte.

Chuck Wendig, écrivain de l'univers Star Wars, expliquera alors que par personnage féminin fort on entend des personnages bien écrit.

Les personnages féminins sont reconnus pour être écrit afin de plaire à un public masculin en premier lieu, la caractérisation d'un personnage féminin fort doit être soumis à des critères bien définis d'esthétique et d'intelligence. Ce commentaire de Chuck Wendig sera à son tour critiqué par le fait qu'un personnage masculin doit forcément être bien écrit alors qu'un personnage féminin est rétrogradé au second plan.

L'appellation Strong Female Characters''''' connote que le personnage féminin en question à quelque chose à prouver, que sa force physique est bien plus importante que ses autres qualités et qu'une histoire bien écrite n'est pas suffisante.

William Moulton Marston, psychologue, écrivain et inventeur américain eu l'idée de créer une super-héroïne de bande dessinée, Wonder Woman

Wonder Woman tient ses origines à la mythologie grecque et fait partie d'une tribu d'Amazones. À travers elle, Marston a voulu faire un personnage féministe : « Même les filles ne voudront pas être des filles tant que nos archétypes féminins manqueront de force, de vigueur et de puissance. Comme elles ne veulent pas être des filles, elles ne veulent pas être tendres, soumises, pacifiques comme le sont les femmes bonnes. Les grandes qualités des femmes ont été méprisées à cause de leur faiblesse. Le remède logique est de créer un personnage féminin avec toute la force de Superman plus l'allure d'une femme bonne et belle. »

En  sortira Batman v Superman : L'Aube de la Justice ainsi que sa suite Man of Steel. La super-héroïne aidera Superman et Batman afin de vaincre un monstre créé par Lex Luthor, Doomsday. Le réalisateur fera d'elle une super-héroïne intimidante se défendant mieux contre l'ennemie que les deux héros masculins.

Un certain nombre de polémiques continueront de survenir puisque à travers son physique et sa tenue, le créateur du personnage de Wonder Woman est accusé de véhiculer des standards de beauté irréaliste. Wonder Woman qui était élue ambassadrice officielle des Nations unies le  sera supprimé de la campagne en 2017.

Annexes

Articles connexes

Notes et références

Liens externes

Féminisme
Fiction
Représentation des femmes


text:
Trouble in the Air is a 1948 British comedy film directed by Charles Saunders and starring Freddie Frinton, Jimmy Edwards and Bill Owen. It was made at Highbury Studios as a second feature. The film's sets were designed by the art director Don Russell.

Synopsis
A BBC broadcaster travels to a small village for a feature on a bell ringing team, but becomes entangled in an attempt by a spiv to cheat an impoverished local landowner. Assisted by the loyal butler the landowner is eventually saved by a football pools win, even if the broadcast turns out to be a disaster.

Cast

References

Bibliography
 Chibnall, Steve & McFarlane, Brian. The British 'B' Film. Palgrave MacMillan, 2009.

External links

1948 films
British comedy films
1948 comedy films
Films directed by Charles Saunders
Films set in England
Films shot at Highbury Studios
British black-and-white films
1940s English-language films
1940s British films


text:
Q: how to fetch files from removable SD card? This line of code:
ArrayList<File> mySongs = fetchSongs(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory());

only fetches files from the internal storage of the device. and does not read the external removable SD card. I've also read that the "getExternalStorageDirectory" method is deprecated so is there an alternative? or is there any other method that fetches files from the external storage?
I have given external storage permission in the manifest as well.

A: I figured it out! You can have an array of files from card and internal storage both with this piece of code:
String[] allPath = StorageUtil.getStorageDirectories(MainActivity.this);
                        File phoneStorage = new File(allPath[1]);
                        File sdCard = new File(allPath[0]);

ArrayList<File> phoneSongs = fetchSongs(phoneStorage);
                        ArrayList<File> sdCardSongs = fetchSongs(sdCard);

                        ArrayList<File> mySongs = new ArrayList<>();
                        mySongs.addAll(phoneSongs);
                        mySongs.addAll(sdCardSongs);

Note: You have to import StorageUtil class. search it on google.
I hope it helps someone! Good luck.


text:
Tillis Co-Sponsors Bipartisan Legislation to Accommodate ALS Patients
WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Senator Thom Tillis (R-NC) co-sponsored bipartisan legislation to eliminate the five-month waiting period before ALS patients can receive the Social Security Disability Insurance benefits they earned by contributing to Social Security. The ALS Disability Insurance Access Act introduced by Senators Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) and Tom Cotton (R-AR) would build on previous steps by Congress and the Social Security Administration to accommodate the difficult prognosis for those diagnosed with ALS.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the ability of the brain to control muscle movements. Individuals with ALS progressively lose the ability to speak, walk, and breathe. The intended purpose of a five-month waiting period is to allow temporary conditions to reverse. However, there is currently no cure or treatment to halt or undo the effects of ALS, and some ALS patients lose their fight with the disease before ever receiving benefits. The ALS Disability Insurance Access Act would help alleviate some of the financial hardship that accompanies an ALS diagnosis and supports those living with ALS and their families.
"Those tragically diagnosed with ALS face a battle that has no cure or treatment, and it is often one that families and friends have to help bear. Requiring patients to wait five months to receive benefits is simply wrong and we need to help these families with the financial hardship that comes with a diagnosis," said Senator Tillis. "This commonsense legislation is the least we can do for patients and families, and I hope we can pass this legislation out of Congress and send it to the President soon."
"I am proud to co-sponsor this bill to eliminate the waiting period for those battling ALS," said Senator Whitehouse. "It takes tremendous courage from patients, family members, and friends to cope with an ALS diagnosis. I hope that as a simple act of humanity we can set aside bureaucratic considerations and allow Americans who face the extraordinary blow of this diagnosis to immediately receive the benefits they have earned."
"ALS is a progressive and disabling disease for which there is no cure. Those who suffer from this terrible disease endure enough pain, and they shouldn't be subject to the usual waiting period for disability benefits—especially given their tragically short life expectancy," said Senator Cotton.
The companion legislation in the U.S. House of Representatives is cosponsored by 89 Members.
Deadline for Lumbee Film Fest Submissions is Wednesday
Gov. Cooper Names Supreme Court Associate Justice
Rouzer: Need to Reform Welfare System
Rouzer for Congress releases primary poll numbers
SIX LOCAL STUDENTS NAMED FINALISTS IN 2018 CONGRESSIONAL ART COMPETITION


Bright and immaculate best describes this TOP FLOOR 2 bedroom apartment in Sandhurst Village. This unit offers a spacious entrance foyer; a good working kitchen with ample counter space; and a large living room/dining room combination with access to the private south facing balcony. A generous size master bedroom with walkthrough closet & "cheater ensuite door"; 2nd bedroom; 4 piece bath and INSUITE LAUNDRY complete this welcoming home. This complex boasts assigned covered stall parking, a gym, owners lounge, bike storage and upgraded security. A terrific location just a few minutes walk to the LRT and great access to numerous amenities, parks & schools.


The world of concrete pumping in Sydney seems like such a ubiquitous aspect of the modern world, that it becomes difficult to imagine our cities without it. This substance an absolute pivotal element of our ability to build in bulk, and in its absence, it is likely that our towns, homes, office buildings, and urban areas overall would look very different.
With the commonality of concrete so evident, it is surprising to realise that the recipe for concrete has changed greatly over time – and sometimes, not for the better. The Roman empire forged great cities out of concrete, but the specifics behind their recipe have been lost to the middle ages.
This is unfortunate, because Roman-era concrete is among the hardest-wearing and toughest concrete to be found anywhere. There are thousands of examples of Roman concrete that are still in use today, two millennia later – even examples that are exposed to the waves of the Mediterranean. As a result, researchers have begun to study their makeup, in an attempt to reverse-engineer it.
They have discovered that the recipe used by the Romans incorporated some different elements from that used today, which helps to explain its hard-wearing nature. Rather than the inert substances used in today's concrete, Roman concrete utilised silica made with volcanic rocks. These substances are not only highly resistant to water, they actually strengthen over the course of time, owing to a substance called aluminous tobermorite – which is actually created within the ancient concrete, as a result of its interaction with water and air.
Reverse-engineering this recipe could potentially lead to some real breakthroughs in concrete pumping in Sydney, and the research continues. Soon, a new breed of concrete might we be revolutionising our urban lives.


text:
wiki:Garam Hawa
Garam Hawa
aka Hot Winds 1973 146' col Urdu d/co-p M.S. Sathyu co-p Abu Siwani co-p/c Ishan Arya pc Unit 3 MM. st Ismat Chughtai's short story co-sc/dial/lyr Kaifi Azmi co-sc Shama Zaidi m Bahadur Khan lp Balraj Sahni, Dinanath Zutshi, Badar Begum, Geeta Siddharth, Shaukat Kaifi, Abu Siwani, Farouque Shaikh, Jamal Hashmi, Yunus Pervez, Jalal Agha, Kalpana Sahni, Shanta Agarwal, A.K. Hangal
The FFC-sponsored film debut of the IPTA stage director Sathyu is one of the last titles by the generation of 50s Marxist cultural activists (Sahni, Azmi and Chughtai) and chronicles the plight of the minority Muslims in North India. Set in Agra after the first major Partition exodus, the film tells of an elderly Muslim shoe manufacturer, Salim Mirza (Sahni) and his family who must decide whether to continue the ancestral business or to migrate to the newly formed state of Pakistan. Salim's brother Halim (Zutshi) migrates but Halim's son Kazim (Hashmi) returns illegally across a sealed border to marry Salim Mirza's daughter, Amina (Siddharth). He is arrested and sent back. The family loses its ancestral property which under new laws is allocated to a Sindhi businessman; refugees from Pakistan start competing with Salim's business while moneylenders refuse to invest in someone who might emigrate; Amina commits suicide after yet another lover leaves her to go to Pakistan. These adversities persuade the old patriarch to leave as well, leading to a poignant scene where his ancient mother (Badar Begum) hides herself to try to stay in her 'home'. On the way to the station, the family comes across a communist rally proclaiming the unity of all the dispossessed, regardless of religion or caste. Salim's son Sikandar (Shaikh) abandons his emigration plan and joins the rally, determined to stay in India. The film, with its lovingly re-created portrait of Agra's Muslim milieu, is dominated by Sahni's remarkable performance in his last major role.


text:
Identity, Development, and the Politics of the Past
An Ethnography of Continuity and Change in a Coastal Ecuadorian Community
by Daniel Bauer
"A significant contribution to the anthropology of Ecuador, as well as to our understanding of general processes of ethnicity, ethnogenesis, and economic development."
—Alan Sandstrom, Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne, author of Corn Is Our Blood: Culture and Ethnic Identity in a Contemporary Aztec Indian Village
Combining personal narrative and ethnography, Identity, Development, and the Politics of the Past examines cultural change in a rural Ecuadorian fishing village where the community has worked to stake claim to an Indigenous identity in the face of economic, social, and political integration. By documenting how villagers have reconstructed their identity through the use of archaeology and political demarcation of territory, author Daniel Bauer shows that ethnicity is part of a complex social matrix that involves politics, economics, and history.
Residents in the coastal community of Salango pushed for formal recognition of Indigenous identity while highlighting their pre-Hispanic roots in order to make claims about cultural continuity and ancestrality. Bauer considers the extent to which the politics of identity is embedded in the process of community-based development, paying close attention to how local conceptions of identity and residents' ideas about their own identity and the identities of others fit within the broader context of Ecuadorian and Latin American notions of mestizaje. He emphasizes ethnogenesis and the fluid nature of identity as residents reference prehistory and the archaeological record as anchor points for claims to an Indigenous ethnic identity.
Identity, Development, and the Politics of the Past moves beyond existing studies that center on questions of authenticity and instead focuses on the ways people make claims to identity. This book makes a significant contribution to the growing body of literature on the Ecuadorian coast and directs scholars who focus on Ecuador to expand their focus beyond the highland and Amazonian regions. It will be of interest to students and scholars of Latin American studies, anthropology, ethnology, economic development, and ethnic identity.
Daniel Bauer is associate professor of anthropology at the University of Southern Indiana. He has conducted ethnographic research in Ecuador since 2002 and has ongoing projects in coastal Ecuador and Amazonian Peru.
Imprint: University Press of Colorado
Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-60732-759-2
Ebook Price: $20.95
30-day ebook rental price: $10.50
Publication Month: August
Illustrations: 20 figures
Author: by Daniel Bauer
Daniel Bauer
TOC and sample chapter


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Explore! With the Portrait Gallery set to open at the Smithsonian - WJLA
The National Portrait Gallery is kicking off Explore! With the Portrait Gallery, a hands on space for kids to get interactive with the arts.
"Museums can be kind of scary places, you're not allowed to run, you're not allowed to shout, you're not allowed to touch things. Here, you can really do all of that and have a lot of fun," said Kim Sajet, Director of the National Portrait Gallery.
The area has a number of different stations for children, including "Strike a Pose" where kids can record themselves and see the video instantly on a big screen. They also have a station where children can trace the silhouette of a friend.
http://wjla.com/news/local/explore-with-the-portrait-gallery-set-to-open-at-the-smithsonian