text:
Obama Golfs with PTI Team
Tony Kornheiser celebrated becoming a senior citizen by playing a round of golf with the president.
James Joyner · Sunday, July 14, 2013 · 3 comments
AP ("Obama's gift to ESPN's Kornheiser is game of golf"):
President Barack Obama's birthday gift to ESPN commentator Tony Kornheiser is a game of golf. With the president.
The White House said Obama teed off Saturday with Kornheiser and Michael Wilbon, co-hosts of the sports network's "Pardon the Interruption" talk show. Saturday was Kornheiser's 65th birthday.
Obama spent more than four hours at the golf course at the Army's Fort Belvoir in Virginia, south of Washington. The president is an avid sports fan and viewer of ESPN programming.
Apparently, they didn't use a cart.
Scanning the 68 comments thus far at YahooNews, most of the reactions are unhinged. But presidents of the United States have been playing golf since William Howard Taft's day and getting to hang out with celebrities has long been one of the perks of the job. And, as I've noted many times here over the years, it's a very good thing when our presidents allow themselves some down time; they don't do it enough.
The one instance where commenters have a modest point is the optics of doing this at Fort Belvoir at a time when civilian employees of the Defense Department are having to absorb pay cuts through furloughs under sequestration. But I'm not sure exactly what the president is supposed to do about that. It takes two to tango and he and the House Republicans are miles apart.
FILED UNDER: Quick Takes, Sports
About James Joyner
James Joyner is Professor and Department Head of Security Studies at Marine Corps University's Command and Staff College and a nonresident senior fellow at the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council. He's a former Army officer and Desert Storm vet. Views expressed here are his own. Follow James on Twitter @DrJJoyner.
superdestroyer says:
Sunday, July 14, 2013 at 05:14
The golf course is funded through non-appropriated funds (NAF in the arcane jargon of DOD budgeting) and is basically unaffected by sequester and budget cuts. The real issue is that it is probably cheaper to provide the president security while on a military base than trying to play at a private course.
Tyrell says:
President Eisenhower played golf usually at least weekly, even practicing on the White House lawn.
Ike is now regarded as a very good president, leading this country through eight years of perilous times of nuclear threat.
Carl Wicklander says:
Hmm . . . people who say Obama is evil and intent on destroying America don't think he's spending enough time at work . . . being evil and destroying America!
ESPN's Conflict of Interest
BRAC, Ft. Belvoir, and Northern Virginia Traffic
Sports Leagues File Suit To Stop Sports Gambling In New Jersey
"Happy Birthday To You" And What's Wrong With Intellectual Property Law


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text:
\section{Introduction}
We are currently witnessing the dawn of a new era in astrophysics and cosmology, started by the LIGO/Virgo observations of gravitational waves (GWs) from black hole  mergers~\cite{TheLIGOScientific:2017qsa,Abbott:2020niy}. Many experiments are planned to further explore GWs in a broad frequency range in the coming decades~\cite{Punturo:2010zz,Hild:2010id,Janssen:2014dka,Graham:2016plp,Audley:2017drz,Graham:2017pmn,Badurina:2019hst,Bertoldi:2019tck}. In addition to transient GW signals, such as those from black hole mergers, these experiments are able to probe stochastic GW backgrounds. In fact, recent results from NANOGrav pulsar timing observations~\cite{Arzoumanian:2020vkk} may already indicate the first observation of a stochastic GW background~\cite{Ellis:2020ena,Blasi:2020mfx,Vaskonen:2020lbd,DeLuca:2020agl,Nakai:2020oit,Ratzinger:2020koh,Kohri:2020qqd,Vagnozzi:2020gtf,Neronov:2020qrl,Middleton:2020asl}.

Observations of stochastic GW backgrounds could allow us a glimpse of the very early Universe as many high-energy processes are predicted to be potential sources of such backgrounds. In this paper we will focus on cosmological first-order phase transitions, which are one example of such a source~\cite{Witten:1984rs}. Many beyond Standard Model scenarios predict first-order phase transitions and a significant amount of work has already been put into the possibility of exploring them through GWs~\cite{Grojean:2006bp,Espinosa:2008kw,Dorsch:2014qpa,Jaeckel:2016jlh,Jinno:2016knw,Chala:2016ykx,Chala:2018opy,Artymowski:2016tme,Hashino:2016xoj,Vaskonen:2016yiu,Dorsch:2016nrg,Beniwal:2017eik,Baldes:2017rcu,Marzola:2017jzl,Kang:2017mkl,Iso:2017uuu,Chala:2018ari,Bruggisser:2018mrt,Megias:2018sxv,Croon:2018erz,Alves:2018jsw,Baratella:2018pxi,Angelescu:2018dkk,Croon:2018kqn,Brdar:2018num,Beniwal:2018hyi,Breitbach:2018ddu,Marzo:2018nov,Baldes:2018emh,Prokopec:2018tnq,Fairbairn:2019xog,Helmboldt:2019pan,Dev:2019njv,Ellis:2019flb,Jinno:2019bxw,Ellis:2019tjf,Azatov:2019png,vonHarling:2019gme,DelleRose:2019pgi,Mancha:2020fzw,Vanvlasselaer:2020niz,Giese:2020znk,Hoeche:2020rsg,Baldes:2020kam,Croon:2020cgk,Ares:2020lbt,Cai:2020djd,Bigazzi:2020avc,Wang:2020zlf}.

In a first-order phase transition the Universe starts in a metastable false vacuum. The transition proceeds via nucleation and subsequent expansion of bubbles of the true vacuum~\cite{Coleman:1977py,Callan:1977pt,Linde:1981zj}. Eventually these bubbles collide and convert the whole Hubble volume into the new phase. In this process GWs are sourced by the bubble collisions~\cite{Kosowsky:1992vn,Cutting:2018tjt,Ellis:2019oqb,Lewicki:2019gmv,Cutting:2020nla,Lewicki:2020jiv} and plasma motions generated by the interactions of the plasma with the bubble walls~\cite{Kamionkowski:1993fg,Hindmarsh:2015qta,Hindmarsh:2016lnk,Hindmarsh:2017gnf,Ellis:2018mja,Hindmarsh:2019phv,Ellis:2020awk}. In strongly supercooled transitions the former source dominates~\cite{Ellis:2019oqb,Ellis:2020nnr}.

For the calculation of the GWs from colliding vacuum bubbles the equations of motion of the fields sourcing GWs need to be solved, requiring, in principle, 3D lattice simulations~\cite{Child:2012qg,Cutting:2018tjt,Cutting:2020nla}. These simulations are computationally very expensive as very large simulation volumes are needed in order to simulate multiple bubbles, and very dense lattices to resolve the thinning bubble walls. Therefore, it is practical to develop approximations that provide a realistic description of the phase transition dynamics and an accurate estimate of the resulting GW spectrum, but are computationally less expensive than full 3D lattice simulations.

For a long time the envelope approximation, introduced in Ref.~\cite{Kosowsky:1992vn} and studied further in Refs.~\cite{Huber:2008hg,Weir:2016tov,Jinno:2016vai}, has been used to estimate the GW spectrum sourced by the bubble collisions.  In this approximation the collided parts of the bubble walls are completely neglected and the GW spectrum is calculated in the thin-wall limit. Improved modeling was developed in Refs.~\cite{Jinno:2017fby,Konstandin:2017sat,Jinno:2019jhi,Jinno:2020eqg} as an attempt to model the behaviour of the plasma after the transition. Following a similar approach in Ref.~\cite{Lewicki:2020jiv} we developed a new estimate for the GW spectrum from bubble collisions by accounting for the scaling of the GW source after the collisions. Our estimate lead to a spectrum significantly different from the envelope approximation.

In this paper we consider a class of realistic models where bubble collisions can give the dominant contribution to the GW production. Furthermore, we describe breaking of a gauge U(1) symmetry, and study with lattice simulations the evolution of the scalar and gauge fields in two-bubble collisions. We find that the gradients in the complex phase of the scalar field are quickly damped after the collision by the gauge field. As a result, in gauge theories the GW source after the collision scales similarly to the case of just a real scalar, and the resulting GW spectrum follows $\propto\omega^{2.3}$ at low frequencies with a $\propto\omega^{-2.4}$ fall above the peak.

\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.88\textwidth]{P.pdf}
\caption{The strength of the transition $\alpha$, and the dimensionless parameters $\tilde{\lambda}$ and $\tilde{g}$ (see Eq.~\eqref{eq:kappaG}) as a function of the gauge coupling $g$. Different curves correspond to different values of $v$. The dashed curve in the right panel shows $T=0$ limit of $\tilde{g}$.}
\label{fig:P}
\end{figure*}

\section{Phase transition}
In order for the bubble collisions to give the dominant GW source, the phase transition has to be strongly supercooled~\cite{Ellis:2019oqb,Ellis:2020nnr}. Such strong supercooling is not typically realized in models with a polynomial scalar potential~\cite{Ellis:2018mja,Ellis:2019oqb}. Instead, in models featuring classical scale invariance~\cite{Randall:2006py,Konstandin:2011dr,Konstandin:2011ds,Jinno:2016knw,Iso:2017uuu,vonHarling:2017yew,Kobakhidze:2017mru,Marzola:2017jzl,Prokopec:2018tnq,Hambye:2018qjv,Marzo:2018nov,Baratella:2018pxi,Bruggisser:2018mrt,vonHarling:2019gme,Aoki:2019mlt,DelleRose:2019pgi,Fujikura:2019oyi,Wang:2020jrd} the transition can be so strongly supercooled that the interactions of the bubble wall with the plasma can be neglected~\cite{Ellis:2019oqb,Ellis:2020nnr}. Many such models also include a gauge U(1) symmetry under which the scalar field is charged, and the dominant contribution on the effective potential arises from the gauge field loops. The phase transition in these models is therefore similar to that in classically conformal scalar electrodynamics, which we choose as a benchmark model.

Scalar electrodynamics is described by the gauge U(1) symmetric Lagrangian
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L} = -\frac14 (F_{\mu\nu})^2 + |D_\mu \phi|^2 - V(|\phi|) \,,
\end{equation}
where $F_{\mu\nu} = \partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu$ and $D_\mu = \partial_\mu + ig A_\mu$ are the electromagnetic field strength tensor and the gauge covariant derivative. In classically conformal models the tree-level scalar potential is quartic, $V(|\phi|) = \lambda |\phi|/4$. A non-trivial minimum is revealed when the radiative corrections are taken into account~\cite{Coleman:1973jx}, and finite temperature effects induce a potential energy barrier between the symmetric and the symmetry-breaking minima. The one-loop effective potential of classically conformal scalar electrodynamics is
\begin{equation} \label{eq:pot0}
V(|\phi|) = \frac{g^2}{2} T^2 |\phi|^2 + \frac{3 g^4}{4\pi^2} |\phi|^4 \left[\ln\frac{|\phi|^2}{v^2} - \frac{1}{2} \right] \,,
\end{equation}
where $T$ denotes temperature of the plasma and $v$ the vacuum expectation value of $|\phi|$ at $T=0$.

The symmetric and broken vacua are degenerate at a critical temperature $T = T_c$. The bubble nucleation temperature $T_n < T_c$ is defined as the temperature at which the probability of nucleating at least one bubble in a horizon volume in a Hubble time approaches unity~\cite{Linde:1981zj}. In the left of Fig.~\ref{fig:P} we show the parameter $\alpha \equiv \Delta V(T=0)/\rho_{\rm rad}(T)$, that characterizes the strength of the transition, as a function of $g$ for different values of $v$. We assume that only vacuum and radiation energy densities, $\Delta V(T=0)$ and $\rho_{\rm rad}(T)$, contribute to the expansion rate, and approximate the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom by its Standard Model value~\cite{Saikawa:2018rcs}. If $\alpha>1$ the transition finishes only after a vacuum energy dominated period. By strong supercooling we refer to $\alpha\gg 1$.

For the following analysis we define dimensionless parameters $\tilde{g}$ and $\tilde{\lambda}$ as
\begin{equation} \label{eq:kappaG}
\tilde{g} = \frac{g v^2}{\sqrt{\Delta V}} \,, \qquad \tilde{\lambda} = \frac{g^2 v^2 T^2}{2 \Delta V} \,,
\end{equation}
such that $\tilde{\lambda}$ determines the shape of the scalar potential and $\tilde{g}$ the strength of the coupling between the gauge field and the scalar field. In the middle and right panels of Fig.~\ref{fig:P} we show these parameters at $T=T_n$. For strongly supercooled transitions $\tilde{g}^2 \approx 8\pi/(3 g^2)$ and $\tilde{\lambda}^2 \approx 60/(g_*(T_n)\alpha)$.

\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.96\textwidth]{scaling.pdf}
\caption{Evolution of the GW source in collision of two bubbles averaged over simulations with different initial complex phase differences. The collision happens at $t=t_c$. Solid curves correspond to different values of $\tilde{g}$ and the dashed curve to $\Delta\varphi=0$. The dotted lines show $\propto t^{-2}$ and $\propto t^{-3}$ power-laws.}
\label{fig:scaling}
\end{figure*}

\section{Gravitational wave source}
Next we study two-bubble collisions in order to find how the GW source scales after the collision. The total energy spectrum in a direction $\hat{k}$ at an angular frequency $\omega = |\vec{k}|$ of the GWs emitted in the phase transition is given by~\cite{Weinberg:1972kfs}
\begin{equation} \label{eq:dEkdw}
\frac{{\rm d} E}{{\rm d}\Omega_k{\rm d} \omega} = 2G\omega^2 \Lambda_{ij,lm}(\hat{k}) T_{ij}^*(\vec{k}) T_{lm}(\vec{k}) \,,
\end{equation}
where $\Lambda_{ij,lm}$ is the transverse-traceless projection tensor. As $\Lambda_{ij,lm}\delta_{ij} = 0$, the part of the stress energy tensor that is proportional to the metric tensor $g_{\mu\nu}$ does not contribute to formation of GWs. We therefore define $T_{\mu\nu}$ as (see Appendix~\ref{lattice} for an explicit form)
\begin{equation}
T_{\mu\nu} \equiv \left(\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial^\mu \phi)} \partial_\nu \phi + {\rm c.c}\right)  + \frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial^\mu A_\alpha)} \partial_\nu A_\alpha \,.
\end{equation}
The evolution of the system is governed by the equations of motion, given in the Lorentz gauge ($\partial_\mu A^\mu = 0$)\footnote{Our results are independent of the gauge choice because $T_{\mu\nu}$ is gauge invariant.} by
\begin{equation}\begin{aligned} \label{eq:EOM0}
&\Box A_\mu = i g (\phi^* \partial_\mu \phi - \phi \partial_\mu \phi^*) - 2 g^2 A_\mu |\phi|^2 \,, \\
&\Box \phi + \frac{{\rm d} V}{{\rm d} \phi^*} = -i2g A_\mu \partial^\mu \phi + g^2 A^2 \phi \,,
\end{aligned}\end{equation}
which we solve on a lattice starting from a configuration where $A_\mu = 0$~\footnote{The thermal mass $\propto g^2 T^2 A^2$ stabilises the initial configuration without significantly affecting subsequent dynamics.} and two O(4) symmetric scalar field bubbles\footnote{The late evolution of the bubbles does not depend on whether the initial bubbles are O$(3)$ or O(4) symmetric~\cite{Lewicki:2019gmv}.} have nucleated simultaneously with their centers lying on $z$-axis~(see Appendix~\ref{lattice} for details of the lattice simulation). Then, along the collision axis only the $zz$ component of $T_{ij}$ is non-zero,
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
T_{zz} =& \,2|\partial_z \phi| - (\partial_z A_t - \partial_t A_z) \partial_z A_t \\ &- i g A_z (\phi^*\partial_z\phi - \phi\partial_z\phi^*) \,.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

The bubble nucleation breaks the U(1) symmetry inside the bubble, as the complex phase of the scalar field, which we denote by $\varphi$ (i.e. $\phi = |\phi| e^{i\varphi}$), takes a value in the range $0\leq \varphi < 2\pi$.\footnote{As the gradients in the complex phase would increase the energy of the bubble, in the lowest energy configuration, and therefore for the nucleating bubbles, $\varphi$ is constant.} Eventually, as the bubbles expand, they will collide with bubbles containing different complex phases. Therefore, to get the average scaling of the GW source, we average $T_{zz}$ over simulations with different initial complex phase differences.

Our lattice simulations show that a $T_{zz}$ deviates from zero in a very narrow region around the bubble wall and this feature continues propagating almost at the speed of light after the collision. In Fig.~\ref{fig:scaling} we show by the solid curves the scaling of the maximal $T_{zz}$ as a function of time, which much after nucleation is obtained roughly at $z = \pm d/2 \mp t$, where $d$ denotes the distance between the bubble centers. Two important remarks are in order: First, we see that the steep drop after the collision becomes shorter as $\tilde{\lambda}$ decreases. This can be traced to false vacuum trapping (field bouncing back to the false vacuum in the collision region) which becomes increasingly likely for larger values of $\tilde{\lambda}$.\,\footnote{In Ref.~\cite{Lewicki:2020jiv} we used larger values of $\tilde{\lambda}$ and found scaling resembling the left panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:scaling}. Here we focus on $\tilde{\lambda}\ll 1$ which is more relevant for very strong transitions.} Second, the larger $\tilde{g}$ is, the closer the behaviour of the GW source is to the case where the complex phases inside the colliding bubbles are equal, $\Delta\varphi=0$. Moreover, the smaller $\tilde{\lambda}$ is, the faster the scaling reaches the $\Delta\varphi=0$ case as a function of $\tilde{g}$. From Fig.~\ref{fig:P} we see that $\tilde{\lambda}$ is very small, $\tilde{\lambda}\ll 1$, and $\tilde{g}$ is large, $\tilde{g} > 10$, in the region where supercooling is strong and the bubble collision signal can be the dominant contribution. As can be seen from the right panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:scaling} the scaling in this case quickly reaches $\propto t^{-3}$ behaviour after the collision.\footnote{We have also checked that subsequent collisions do not change the scaling.} Instead, for example in the case of breaking of a global U(1) symmetry, corresponding to $\tilde{g}=0$, $\propto t^{-2}$ scaling can be realized.

\section{Gravitational wave spectrum}
Next, following a similar approach as one would using the envelope approximation, we perform many-bubble simulations in the thin-wall limit. Whereas in the envelope approach the collided parts of the walls are neglected, we instead use the scaling obtained in the previous section.

We consider an exponential bubble nucleation rate per unit volume, $\Gamma \propto e^{\beta t}$, and write the abundance of GWs produced in bubble collisions in a logarithmic frequency interval as~\cite{Lewicki:2020jiv}
\begin{equation} \label{eq:Omega}
\Omega_{\rm GW}(\omega) \equiv \frac{1}{E_{\rm tot}}\frac{{\rm d} E}{{\rm d}\ln\omega} = \left(\frac{H}{\beta}\right)^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{1+\alpha}\right)^2 S(\omega) \,,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation} \label{eq:S}
S(\omega) \!=\! \left(\frac{\omega}{\beta}\right)^3 \frac{3\beta^5}{8\pi V_s} \int \!{\rm d}\Omega_k \left[ |C_+(\omega)|^2 + |C_\times(\omega)|^2 \right]
\end{equation}
gives the spectral shape of the GW background. The volume over which $\Omega_{\rm GW}$ is averaged is denoted by $V_s$. The functions $C_{+,\times}$ are for $\hat{k} = (0,0,1)$, in the thin-wall limit given by (see Appendix~\ref{thinwall} for the derivation)
\begin{equation}\begin{aligned} \label{eq:Cpc}
C_{+,\times}(\omega) \approx \frac{1}{6\pi} \sum_n &\int_{t_n} {\rm d} t\, {\rm d} \Omega_x\, \sin^2\theta_x\, g_{+,\times}(\phi_x) \\ &\times R_n^3 f(R_n) \,e^{i\omega (t - z_n - R_n\cos\theta_x)} \,,
\end{aligned}\end{equation}
where $t_n$, $z_n$ and $R_n = t-t_n$ denote the nucleation time, the $z$ coordinate of the bubble nucleation center and the radius of the bubble $n$. The functions $g_{+,\times}$ are defined as $g_+(\phi_x) = \cos(2\phi_x)$ and $g_\times(\phi_x) = \sin(2\phi_x)$. The function $f(R_n)$ accounts for the scaling of the GW source,
\begin{equation} \label{eq:Edecay2}
f(R_n) = \min\left[1,\left(R_{n,c}/R_n\right)^{\xi+1}\right] \,,
\end{equation}
following the results of our lattice simulations, which showed that the maximum of $T_{zz}$ scales as $R_n^{-\xi}$ after the collision. The bubble radius at the collision moment, $t=t_c$, is denoted by $R_{n,c}$.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.96\columnwidth]{EnvelopeGWs2.pdf}
\caption{The spectral shape of GWs (see Eq.~\eqref{eq:Omega}) from vacuum bubble collisions. The curves show broken power-law fits to the simulation results for different decay-laws of the GW source after collisions and in the envelope approximation. The solid curve is realised in the case of breaking of a gauge U(1) symmetry. The corresponding parameters of the fit, and their errors, are given in Table~\ref{table:fit}.}
\label{fig:S}
\end{figure}

We calculate $S$ by performing thin-wall simulations where we nucleate bubbles according to the rate $\Gamma \propto e^{\beta t}$ a cubic box of size $(7/\beta)^3$ with periodic boundary conditions (see Appendix~\ref{thinwall} for the details of the thin-wall simulations). We perform the angular integrals over the bubble surfaces by discretising each of them with $10^6$ evenly distributed points. Our results are calculated from 60 simulations. We parametrize the results as a broken power-law,
\begin{equation} \label{eq:fit}
S_{\rm fit}(\omega) =\frac{\bar S\,(a+b)^c}{\left[b \left(\frac{\omega}{\bar\omega}\right)^{-a/c} + a \left(\frac{\omega}{\bar\omega}\right)^{b/c}\right]^c} \,,
\end{equation}
where $\bar S$ and $\bar\omega$ are the peak amplitude and angular frequency of the spectrum, $a,b>0$ are the low- and high-frequency slopes of the spectrum respectively, and $c$ determines the width of the peak. We show the parameter values and their errors resulting from fits to our simulation results in Table~\ref{table:fit} for $\xi=2,3,4$ and the envelope approximation,\footnote{The envelope approximation~\cite{Kosowsky:1992vn} corresponds to $f(R_n>R_{n,c})=0$, obtained in the limit $\xi\to\infty$.} and illustrate these fits in  Fig.~\ref{fig:S}. The spectrum today can be obtained from Eq.~\eqref{eq:Omega} by red-shifting~\cite{Kamionkowski:1993fg,Lewicki:2020jiv}. At super-horizon scales the spectrum scales as $\omega^3$ as the source is diluted by the Hubble expansion~\cite{Caprini:2009fx,Cai:2019cdl}.

For $\xi=3$, corresponding to the case of breaking of a gauge U(1) symmetry, the low- and high-frequency tails of the spectrum are $\propto \omega^{2.3}$ and $\propto \omega^{-2.4}$. Instead, for $\xi=2$, which can be realized for example in the case of breaking of a global U(1) symmetry, they are $\propto \omega^{1.0}$ and $\propto \omega^{-2.2}$. The spectrum peaks in both cases slightly below $\omega = \beta$ with an amplitude $S\approx 0.04$. We find that increasing $\xi$ brings the low-frequency power-law quickly closer to envelope result, $a=3.0$, as shown by the $\xi=4$ case. The high-frequency power-law instead seems to change very mildly for $\xi>3$ not obviously converging to a slope that agrees with the envelope approximation.\footnote{We have also calculated the spectrum for $\xi = 5$ in which case $a = 3.02$ and $b=2.39$.}

\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ p{0.78cm} p{1.25cm} p{1.45cm} p{1.45cm} p{1.45cm} p{1.25cm} }
\hline\hline
& $\ \ \, 100 \bar S$ & $\quad \  \bar\omega/\beta$ &$\quad \ \ \, a$ & $\quad \ \ \, b$ & $\quad \ \, c$\\
\hline
$\xi=2$ & $4.23 \pm 0.1$ & $0.68\pm0.01$ & $1.00 \pm 0.02$  & $2.17 \pm 0.05$ & $2.02 \pm 0.1$   \\
$\xi=3$ & $3.61 \pm 0.1$ & $0.82\pm0.01$ & $2.34 \pm 0.03$  & $2.41 \pm 0.02$ & $4.20 \pm 0.2$   \\
$\xi=4$ & $3.46 \pm 0.1$ & $0.93\pm0.01$ & $2.87 \pm 0.04$  & $2.42 \pm 0.02$ & $4.63 \pm 0.2$  \\
env. & $2.75 \pm 0.1$ & $1.72\pm0.04$ & $2.98 \pm 0.02$  & $1.01 \pm 0.02$ & $2.18 \pm 0.1$  \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Fitted values for the parametrization of the spectral shape~\eqref{eq:fit}.}
\label{table:fit}
\end{table}

\section{Conclusions}
Vacuum bubble collisions give the dominant source of GWs in a cosmological first-order phase transition if the transition is sufficiently strongly supercooled. This can be realized in classically conformal models. The simplest realistic examples of such involve breaking of a U(1) gauge symmetry. Motivated by these observations, we have studied the formation of GWs in a first-order phase transition in classically conformal scalar electrodynamics.

We have estimated the GW spectrum by first studying the scaling of the GW source in two-bubble lattice simulations, and then using that scaling in many-bubble simulations in the thin-wall limit. We have found that the presence of the gauge field brings the results close to the simple real scalar case where the GW source decays with the bubble size as $\propto R^{-3}$. The resulting spectrum, shown by the green solid curve in Fig.~\ref{fig:S}, follows $\Omega_{\rm GW}\propto \omega^{2.3}$ at low frequencies and $\Omega_{\rm GW} \propto \omega^{-2.4}$ at high frequencies. By calculating the transition temperature in classically conformal scalar electrodynamics we have shown that this limit with $\tilde{\lambda} \ll 1$ and $\tilde{g} \gg 1$ is realised in most of the parameter space of interest where the bubble collision signal can give the dominant contribution to the GW spectrum.

Ascertaining the shape of the signal is crucial as it could shine light on the underlying particle physics model. Sources associated to plasma dynamics, that dominate GW production in weaker transitions, in general predict high-frequency slopes~\cite{Caprini:2015zlo} $\omega^{-4}$ from sound waves and $\omega^{-2/3}$ from turbulence. Our result shows that probing a signal that falls between the power-laws $\omega^{-2.5}$ and $\omega^{-2.1}$ at high frequencies would point to a very strong phase transition.

While our result should describe both real and gauged scalar field transitions, we have explored also different energy decay laws which could be realised in other models. Most notably, $T_{zz}\propto R^{-2}$ could be realised in models where the U(1) symmetry is global (i.e. $\tilde{g} = 0$) or modified transition dynamics allows $\tilde{g}\ll 1$. In this case the resulting spectrum follows $\Omega_{\rm GW}\propto \omega$ at low and $\Omega_{\rm GW}\propto \omega^{-2.2}$ at high frequencies. Moreover, we have shown that the envelope result is unlikely to be able to describe realistic spectra especially at high frequencies.

\begin{acknowledgments}
ML was supported by the Polish National Science Center grant 2018/31/D/ST2/02048 and VV by Juan de la Cierva fellowship from Spanish State Research Agency. The project is co-financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within Polish Returns Programme under agreement PPN/PPO/2020/1/00013/U/00001. This work was also supported by the grants FPA2017-88915-P and SEV-2016-0588. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
\end{acknowledgments}

\onecolumngrid

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Revealed: The number of potholes reported in Oldham in 2020
Plagued by potholes: Oldham is the third worst affected borough in Greater Manchester
By Imogen Clyde-Smith ImogenC_S News Reporter
Library image of pothole
OLDHAM is the third worst-affected by potholes out of all the Greater Manchester boroughs according to latest data.
Research by fixmystreet.com has revealed that Oldham had 751 open reported cases of potholes in 2020, a number that has increased over the last year.
For the third year in a row potholes in Greater Manchester have risen, hitting more than 7,000 in 2020. The city centre is the worst-affected area with 2,356 cases, followed by Bury with 834, and Oldham with 751.
The rise in potholes is triggering safety concerns amid the growing cycling community and other road users, according to research carried out by personal injury specialists at JMW Solicitors.
JMW's Head of Cycling Injury, Nadia Kerr said: "While there has been an increased presence of roadworks repairing potholes whilst roads have been quieter as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, not enough is being done to prevent the number of potholes increasing. Councils should be conducting regular checks to identify any potential hazards and ensure defects are repaired properly within a reasonable amount of time.
"If the council fails in their duty to maintain and repair roads and pavements, and someone suffers an injury due to a pothole or other road defect, they are entitled to make a claim for the pain and suffering it causes."
John Whittle, a cyclist from Manchester, was awarded a four-figure payment by Cheshire East Council after his bike hit a large pothole 9cm deep along Mottram Road in Alderley Edge.
Mr Whittle said: "I've been a cyclist for many years, so I'm used to looking out for potholes given the atrocious state of the roads - this one was filled with water, so I didn't see it and before I knew it, I was on the ground, having injured my back, side and shoulder. The injuries caused me issues at work for several weeks and were obviously very painful, but it could have been much worse. It's disappointing that the council took so long to investigate the pothole, putting more people in danger."
Ms Kerr waged a nine-month campaign against Manchester City Council about a single pothole located on Upper Chorlton Road in Manchester to help protect fellow commuters from the road defect.
Following five complaints, a barrage of social media posts, and a request made under Section 56 of the Highways Act, the pothole was finally filled in.
JMW Solicitors are reminding residents that it is the local council's responsibility, and a legal obligation as stated in Section 41 of the Highways Act 1980, to maintain the roads in their area so that cyclists, motorcyclists and other road users can travel safely.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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A continuation of Indonesian 1. Lectures explore the historical, cultural, and political background to the modern Indonesian state while tutorials continue to develop proficiency in basic communication tasks, though with a greater emphasis on travel related themes.
demonstrate greater ability in the use of the Internet and associated tools for research on aspects of language and culture related to Indonesia.


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Share this Story: County briefs: Woodlands to repair five bridge structures
County briefs: Woodlands to repair five bridge structures
Taryn Brandell
Feb 27, 2019 • February 27, 2019 • 2 minute read • Join the conversation
Photo by File Photo
Woodlands County council discussed bridge repairs and the closing of the low level crossing in Anselmo during the regular meeting in Fort Assiniboine on Feb. 18.
County briefs: Woodlands to repair five bridge structures Back to video
A road closure bylaw regarding the low level crossing was proposed to council in regards to the motion made during their scheduled meeting on Jan. 15.
In May 2018, the site of the crossing — located on Range Road 102 NW, 2-kilometres south of Anselmo Hall — experienced high flows which caused erosion to the downstream concrete. This exposed approximately 8-metres of the culverts resulting in the crossing being closed and remains closed to this day.
Administration was instructed to properly barricade both sides, put up proper signage, construct turn arounds and proceed with the removal of the remaining low level crossing.
A public hearing was scheduled at the regular council meeting in Whitecourt on Mar. 26 at 9:45 a.m. and referrals with respect to "road closure adjacent landowners, government agencies and various utility companies for comment or easement requirements."
"The decision has been made and it'll be very difficult to change the direction of that, financial constraints of the municipality have limited the choices we had," said Mayor Ron Govenlock.
There are 107 bridge structures owned and maintained by Woodlands County. A record of inspections and dates is kept for each bridge and a select few are inspected annually to identify any issues that require attention.
"We have a legal responsibility for the safety of the industry and traffic travelling on our roads as well as the bridges and culverts that are part of it," said Govenlock. "These (five) are the priorities for this year."
A tender was let out for the repairs of five bridge structures. These bridges included:
– The bridge spanning the Paddle River located on Range Road 102 had repairs that estimated to $140,000.
– The corrugated steel bridge culvert which carries Township Road 572 across a tributary of Paddle River had repairs estimating $41,500.
– A concrete structure on timber substructures that carries Range Road 105 over Paddle River had repairs estimated at $117,000.
– A precast concrete structure on wooden sub-structure carrying Township Road 620B over Goose Creek had $118,000 of estimated repairs.
– SPCSP culvert that carries Range Road 114 over the Paddle River had repairs estimated at $17,500.
There was an estimated total cost of $434,000 with funding coming from carryover for the 2018 budget.
Woodlands County received five separate bids and awarded the bridge maintenance repair tender to Griffin Contracting Ltd. for the price of $307,550 plus taxes. Council also approved a 10 per cent contingency for the project should any additional funds be required.


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VWAA welcomes law students as members and encourages law student member participation in chapter events and programs. Law students are given FREE membership in VWAA. Look for VWAA chapter events at local colleges and universities. In the past, events have been held at the University of Richmond Law School, George Mason University Law School, Washington & Lee University Law School, and Regent Universtiy Law School.
The Richmond Chapter hosted special events entitled "The Robe Becomes Her: Women Judges Share Their Pathways to the Bench" in 2016 and 2017 at the University of Richmond Law School featuring outstanding members of the Virginia judiciary. The Honorable Marilynn C. Goss, Richmond Juvenile Domestic Relations Court; The Honorable Jacquline S. McClenney, Richmond General District Court; and The Honorable Bonnie Davis (Ret.), Chesterfield Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court; and The Honorable Catherine Hammon (Ret.), Henrico Circuit Court participated in one or both of these events. Attendees learned how judges are selected and were able to ask questions of the panel.
Multiple Roanoke Chapter members participated as panelists in the Washington & Lee Women in the Law Symposium - "Dare to be Different" at Washington & Lee University Law School on October 30, 2015.
Law School Ambassadors Program
VWAA's Law School Ambassadors Program seeks to bring the benefits of VWAA membership to law schools in Virginia. Our goal for these programs is to work with law students and their schools in developing leaders in the legal profession. We also look to grow interest in and discuss paths for moving onto the Bench.
VWAA members serve as liaisons with their law school alma maters on behalf of the VWAA. The VWAA member works with faculty, administrators and law students to arrange programs of interest. These include judicial conferences, symposiums, career events, professional development activities, and networking gatherings. One that is popular is VWAA's "You Be the Judge" panel.
VWAA Ambassadors
George Mason University Law School
Liberty University School of Law
Regent University Law School
Washington and Lee University School of Law
William and Mary University Law School
Abingdon/SWVA Chapter
Monica Munin
Autumn Johnson
Rebekah Bunch
Corrie Sirkin
Risa Katz-Albert
If you have inquiries about the program, please contact the VWAA at vwaa@live.com.


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Welcome to this tutorial on the Visual System.
highlight once again the complexity of the brain among the body's organs.
will form the foundation for visual processing in the brain.
centers in the forebrain and the brainstem.
specifically, in the primary visual cortex?
discover when we record electrical signals from neurons in V1.
with those parts of the visual cortex that are beyond the primary area.
We call those extrastriate visual pathways.
approach the chiasm, they remain on the ipsilateral side of the brain.
and inferior or lateral aspect of the thalamus.
of a myelin stain, through the cortex that forms the calcarine sulcus.
So here in this space, here's the calcarine sulcus as labeled there.
especially striking is how it's so clearly defines a region of cortex here.
One can recognize exactly where this band has its termination.
area 17, or that's how we know it today, he just called it area 17.
present in the input signal that is amplified by this cortical circuitry.
result of the operation of cortical networks.
the influence of these two scientists on the development of modern neuroscience.
early life as we open our eyes and begin to encounter the world.
organized into center and surrounding regions that are circularly symmetrical.
nature of visual representation from retina to thalamus.
Geniculate Nucleus neurons, we see very subtle and not terribly robust responses.
highlights the importance of animal models in modern neuroscience.
in science or those animals that are kept as pets by private individuals as well.
nutrition and in, in their physical activity.
done on animals, they are anesthetized before any intervention is done.
there is no pain experienced by the animal.
was done by Hubel and Wiesel using cats and young kittens.
And an illustration of one such experiment is shown here.
anesthetized, much like a person undergoing surgery.
that are projected on a screen in front of the animal.
all when the bar is moved in the opposite direction.
preferred response to a bar of a particular orientation versus another.
direction of motion, but not in the opposite direction.
sitting next to a cell that responds best to vertical stimuli.
there is sharp tuning for angles near vertical.
Now, there's not absolute tuning, there is some response off vertical.
orientation, vertical in this case.


Marine seismic surveyor SeaBird Exploration announced Thursday it has secured extensions for two existing contracts.
The contract for the 2D/3D shallow water vessel Voyager Explorer, which is working on an ocean bottom node survey in the Far East, has been extended by approximately 90 days until March 2019, with an option for another 30 day extension.
The 2D long offset/source vessel Osprey Explorer, which is working on an ocean bottom node survey in the the Gulf of Mexico, had its contract extended from initially 60 days to currently approximately 180 days. Following the completion of this contract expected in early March 2019, the Osprey will immediately commence on a previously announced ocean bottom node survey in the same region with expected completion in mid-April 2019.


If you would like more information about us, please contact our Data Protection Officer at Unit 10031, PO Box 6945, London, W1A 6US, United Kingdom or at abuse@austinshirepartners.com.
Yes, you have a right to access the personal information which we hold about you by contacting our Data Protection Officer at Unit 10031, PO Box 6945, London, W1A 6US, United Kingdom or at abuse@austinshirepartners.com. You may also ask us to make any necessary changes to that information to make sure that it is accurate and up to date.


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Q: Adding AD Security group to a SQL linked server I have a question about adding permissions for a user group on a linked server in SQL Server. I am not a security specialist, so I appeal to everyone.
Here is the topo:
I have private software that I'll call X installed on a Hyper-V virtual server. Users of this software connect through virtual machines using the Remote desktop.
The application has its own SQL Server database instance. The security for this database is Windows Authenticated. Application X users all belong to a user group in the Windows Server 2019 Active Directory (AD).
On the other hand, I have a Y application (Microsoft Dynamic 365) that is installed locally on each workstation and which has its own SQL instance. The application uses an SQL database which I would also call Y.
As I would like to share information between the 2 SQL instances, I created a linked server on the X instance to the Y instance. I succeeded with some SQL query to insert, update, and delete some information in a database of instance Y from my instance X. To do this, I granted myself DB_owner rights on the database of X.
I have reached the stage of allowing user group X to be able to run from application X using the same queries that interact on SQL server Y.
However, I realize that I need to create each user of X in the SQL instance of application Y from the Security, Connection menu. My requests work when I grant DB_Owner roles. I would have thought that I could have used the same group used in AD for my X application. I tried well but it doesn't work.
I don't know if this is due to the configuration of my linked server.
Here is the configuration I am using:

Could someone point me to a solution to avoid having to recreate every user of my AD from X in my instance Y and just link my group X.

A: With groups it should be work in the same way as single user.
You must have in place proper spn to grant kerberos delegation between the two  instances.
Maybe you have tried from ssms so you haven't done the two hops for authentication. In that way NTLM is granting you permission but when you are using an application you will need to grant authentication on two hops and so you fall on the anonymous authentication error that is not granting your user proper login.
Please check it.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/register-a-service-principal-name-for-kerberos-connections?view=sql-server-ver15

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Joseph Gaétan Robert Gérald (Gerry) Boulet (March 1, 1946 – July 18, 1990) was a French Canadian rock singer. Most famous as vocalist for the Quebec rock band Offenbach, he also released two solo albums. He is considered one of the innovators of rock music in the joual language of French Quebec.

Career
Born and raised in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, he started in music with the band Les Gants Blancs (literally "The White Gloves"), which evolved into Offenbach, in 1969.

In 1985, Boulet recorded his first solo album, Presque 40 ans de blues. The following year, the band performed a farewell concert at the Montreal Forum.

In 1987 he was diagnosed with colon cancer. Boulet released his second solo album, Rendez-vous doux, in 1989. Some songs in this album clearly talk about his fight to stay alive. The album won him three Félix Awards in 1989 for Best Rock Album, Best Rock Concert and Best Television Special; in 1990, he won two more posthumous Félix Awards, including Song of the Year for "Un beau grand bateau" and a special tribute award. Rendez-vous doux held the title of the best-selling album of all time by a Québécois artist through the early 1990s, until it was surpassed in 1996 by Céline Dion's D'eux.

On July 18, 1990, Boulet died in Montreal of cancer.

Legacy
In 1991 his solo debut was reissued under the new title Gerry, while in 1994 Dan Bigras produced a recording of Boulet's previously unreleased rock opera Jézabel.

Offenbach reunited in 1996, with Martin Deschamps on vocals. In 1998, the live album Gerry Boulet...en rappel was released.

Gerry, a biographical film about his life, was launched in theatres on June 15, 2011. The film was directed by Alain DesRochers, and stars Mario Saint-Amand as Boulet.

Discography

 Presque 40 ans de blues (1984)
 Rendez-vous doux (1988)
 Gerry (1991)
 Jézabel (1994)
 Gerry Boulet...en rappel (1998)

References

External links
  Gerry Boulet

1946 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Canadian male singers
Canadian rock singers
Deaths from cancer in Quebec
French Quebecers
French-language singers of Canada
People from Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Singers from Quebec

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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By Meagan Simpson Canadian Startup News August 7, 2020
Canadian tech says continued IRAP IAP funding "critical" to sustaining business amid pandemic
Following the extension of the emergency wage subsidy to December, the Canadian tech sector is hoping to pressure the federal government into a similar extension of the program that has helped startups across the country maintain operations amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
"The continuation of this program would be a strong signal to the Canadian innovation leaders that the government is behind them in keeping up their momentum."
– Hamid Arabzadeh
Speaking with BetaKit, multiple tech leaders have called the Industrial Research Assistance Program's (IRAP) Innovation Assistance Program (IAP) "critical" to sustaining their own businesses as well as the broader innovation sector. Overseen by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), IRAP IAP essentially offered a wage subsidy for Canadian tech companies ineligible for the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS).
"[CEWS and IAP] essentially saved the innovation economy," said Jane Kearns, VP of growth services at MaRS Discovery District, and senior advisor for the organization's cleantech practice.
Kearns told BetaKit she saw first-hand how many cleantech companies in her portfolio were affected by the pandemic. "I felt like I had 1,400 companies going broke all at once," she said, noting that she saw a turn around after federal wage subsidy programs were put in place.
"The Innovation Assistance Program has been critical to sustaining our business during the pandemic," said Sadira Beekha, the financial director of TransPod, a Toronto-based startup behind the creation of a Hyperloop transit system.
RELATED: Minister Bains says extending IRAP IAP "makes a lot of sense" following anticipated CEWS extension
TransPod's goal is to make the Hyperloop (a high-speed ground transportation concept jointly designed by Tesla and SpaceX) a reality. The company, which announced plans to build a three-kilometre test track in France last year, claims that Hyperloop technology has the potential "to be one of the most disruptive technologies of the 21st century."
"As a pre-revenue company, we were not eligible for the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) and are limited in the ways that we sustain our operations," Beekha explained. She said that the IAP capital offered a way for TransPod to continue to support its staff and keep developing its technology.
Kearns noted that wage subsidies have been "critically important" to helping companies keep their tech talent. "There was a risk of losing people to the big tech giants," Kearns told BetaKit. "We saw it almost immediately. As soon as this happened, all of our really great tech talent had our neighbours to the south, big tech companies from the States, knocking on their doors, trying to pick off the best talent."
"If that had happened, that would leave us on our backfoot as we head into trying to stimulate and rebuild the economy," she added.
In a recent interview with BetaKit for the Black Swan podcast, Minister of Innovation, Science, and Industry, Navdeep Bains, indicated an openness to extending IRAP IAP, saying an extension "would make a lot of sense."
BetaKit · Black Swan #16: Minister Bains explains the feds' COVID-19 response
Prior to Bains' conversation with BetaKit for the Black Swan podcast, there had been no public indication that the program would see additional capital. IRAP vice president David Lisk told BetaKit in June, just as 97 percent of the $250 million program had already been committed, he was not aware of any plans to expand IRAP IAP or provide additional capital.
More than 4,200 companies from across the country applied to the federal COVID-19 relief program, which launched in April. Seventy percent (2,967) of those companies, Lisk told BetaKit, were qualified to move forward in the funding process. Bains noted to BetaKit that more than 2,200 companies were part of the program.
The program came about after members and organizations in the Canadian business community decried the criteria for CEWS, claiming the program was inaccessible for early-stage and pre-revenue companies. Despite the relaxing of eligibility criteria earlier this year, a survey conducted by the Council of Canadian Innovators (CCI) in June found that 25 percent of respondents remained ineligible for any wage subsidy program, including CEWS and IAP, and had laid off and not re-hired workers during the pandemic.
At the time, national innovation groups, including CCI and the Canadian Digital Media Network, called for the federal government to take specific steps to offer COVID relief support through innovation programs like IRAP.
"CEWS targets a very specific set of companies," said Kearns, noting the importance of also extending IAP in unison with CEWS because of the difference between tech companies and mainstream businesses.
"Because CEWS requires a drop in revenue, that misses all of the pre-revenue companies, and it's really easy to dismiss pre-revenue companies as being not important. But, that would be a big mistake. There are lots of pre-revenue companies that are deeply important that employ a lot of people," she said, noting that high growth companies that saw massive drops in revenue but weren't able to prove the 30 percent drop were also left out of CEWS.
"There are lots of pre-revenue companies that are deeply important that employ a lot of people."
The IAP financing was provided to companies in two categories: high-potential startups with less than $1 million in revenues; and high-growth firms that are scaling rapidly and use their sales revenue to hire operational staff, but required investment to sustain innovative activities due to the pandemic.
Ben Bergen, executive director of CCI, which represents the hundreds of companies in Canada's tech sector, stated that IAP "helped Canada's most innovative companies preserve their highly-skilled workforces."
"[It allowed] them to continue investing in R&D and scaling globally as they weathered the pandemic's effects on the Canadian economy," Bergen added.
Kearns told BetaKit that she saw one company with a team of 34 lay off 32 of those employees at the onset of the pandemic. However, Kearns claimed, because of IAP, it was able to rehire all 32 employees.
IAP has also helped startups like EnergyX, which develops and commercializes innovative tech in the energy efficiency sector. Michael Commisso, who does operations and strategy at EnergyX, told BetaKit that after receiving IAP the company has not had to lay off any staff due to COVID-19. He added that the pandemic delayed buying cycles for several of EnergyX's potential clients and IAP helped the company fill its gap in cash flow.
Hamid Arabzadeh, president and CEO of Ranovus, said IRAP IAP was "a significant contributor" in enabling the startup to "stay the course and have a chance to be at the forefront of their sectors when recovery happens." Ranovus is an Ottawa-based startup that has developed optical interconnect solutions. According to Crunchbase, the company has raised more than $65 million (equity and debt) to date.
RELATED: Senate passes changes to 75 percent wage subsidy
Not all early-stage companies have been able to successfully weather the pandemic, however. Kearns told BetaKit that she is aware of at least three startups that went under after not being able to receive CEWS or IAP. "This was the nail in the coffin," she said. "We really did see companies almost immediately close the doors and say if they didn't get it, they weren't going to be able to keep going."
"The continuation of this program would be a strong signal to the Canadian innovation leaders that the government is behind them in keeping up their momentum," said Arabzadeh.
For EnergyX, the extension of IAP would provide continued support as new customers and buying cycles continue to be slow. "IAP allowed the company to successfully continue our pursuit of growth and expansion during this challenging time thanks to these supports," said Commisso. "But the impact on enterprise buying cycles has persisted and is dampening growth for innovative technology startups like ours."
A follow-up survey conducted by CCI in July of over 140 Canadian tech CEOs showed significant interest in the continuation of IAP. Ninety-eight percent of respondents believe that the IRAP IAP program should be extended, with 74 percent of respondents requesting an extension until at least December 2020. Not surprisingly, 72 percent of those surveyed acknowledged that their companies had received IRAP IAP funding.
"For IAP 2.0, Canadian innovators would like to see the government make more strategic investments into high-potential companies with proven track records of commercialization and growth," said Bergen. "By empowering market-tested companies to be the leaders of the recovery, the government would be helping to fuel job and public wealth creation, all necessary for Canada in the post-COVID economy."
The federal government has yet to announce whether IRAP IAP will receive any additional capital. Minister Bains did note to BetaKit in July that he is working closely with Finance Minister Bill Morneau to "advance" the IRAP IAP initiative.
"Clearly, we want to make sure that the wage subsidy and the timeline associated with that also mirrors the timeline associated with the IRAP program as well," the minister said.
Following a request for comment for this story, a spokesperson for Bains' office told BetaKit it had nothing further to add to the minister's previous statements at this time.
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Meagan Simpson
Meagan is the Associate Editor for BetaKit. A tech writer that is super proud to showcase the Canadian tech scene. Background in almost every type of journalism from sports to politics. Podcast and Harry Potter nerd, photographer and crazy cat lady.
0 replies on "Canadian tech says continued IRAP IAP funding "critical" to sustaining business amid pandemic"


Princess Tutu data, meta, and discussion.
The Internet does not have enough in-depth Princess Tutu information in English. This comm intends to do something about that.
Pas de Duck would love to collect detailed episode summaries, meta ponderings, information/speculation about influences and references, analyses, and pretty much anything else in that vein. Posting directly here or linking to outside resources are both great. (So if you've written an essay about the use of ballet mime in the show or found a full performance of Swan Lake on YouTube, please share!) Fanworks are welcome, too, but please don't post promotions or advertisements without asking first.
If you have something to share, don't worry about tagging; your mod will be handling organization.
Note that there will spoilers left, right, and center, so read at your own risk if you haven't finished the series. And please pardon the dust as things get set up.


Sometimes unnecessarily called Red Leicester, since there is no other kind, this is a hard-pressed grainy cheese, with a faint lemony taste. Its reddish-orange colour makes Leicester wheels the most visually striking of all British cheeses. It is a good melting cheese and fine snack food.


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Ivy Tech To Hold Hearing On Tuition Hike Proposal
Published July 12, 2009 at 6:44 AM EDT
Leaders of Indiana's community college system will hold a public hearing Thursday on proposed tuition and fee increases for the next two academic years.Spokesperson Kelly Lucas says after the hearing, Ivy Tech's Board of Trustees will vote on the plan, under which a student taking 15 credit hours would pay about $80 more per semester in the 2009-2010 school year. The cost would go up slightly the following year.Lucas says the hearing will be held Thursday morning in Indianapolis, but students don't have to attend in person to comment on the hikes."Individuals are welcome to send in comments via email or written comment to our main office in Indianapolis," Lucas said.She says the main reason for the hikes is to hire more full-time faculty and staff for the growing system.Ivy Tech has 23 campuses throughout the state, including a site in Sellersburg that serves the Louisville area.
News tuitioncommunity collegeIvy Tech
At Long Last, Signs That College Tuition Might Come Down
Council Approves Tuition Increase for Higher Education
Council to Consider U of L Tuition Hike Request
White House Seeks Input From Ivy Tech's Snyder


Steel production is an energy-intensive process that requires reliable and economically competitive energy supplies. The U.S. steel industry spends over $18 billion annually for electricity, and energy can constitute up to 15 percent of the cost of steelmaking.
The success of horizontal drilling techniques has dramatically and permanently altered that landscape and the country's outlook because of massive amounts of North American oil and gas that are now economically recoverable. This has created a vital opportunity to establish a more secure, affordable and cleaner energy infrastructure that meets the future needs of a growing and robust American economy. Improved development of domestic energy resources makes sense from virtually every perspective, and should be a national priority.
Industrial manufacturers promote production efficiency whenever possible. Intense competition has driven manufacturers to continuously improve processes, from productivity to waste reduction, while boosting the quality and performance of their products. The push to increase competition will ensure that manufacturers weigh all opportunities to increase productivity, and invest in technologies that will supply the greatest competitive advantage.
SMA supports the rapid adoption of public policy initiatives that increase the energy efficiency of commercial and residential buildings, power generation and distribution systems, appliances, and industrial processes. Energy efficiency can reduce U.S. electricity consumption by up to one percent per year over projected demand. At half the cost of adding new generation, increased efficiency can save consumers $100 billion a year on their energy bills by 2025.


Along with the Morrison County Historical Society, the Morrison County Recorder has a comprehensive index of vital records for the area, and provides instructions and applications to obtain copies of them. In addition to partnering with the VitalChek service, the County Recorder provides both certified and uncertified copies of marriage, birth, and death records, all of which are on file from 1870 to the present. The public is welcome to visit the office in person to research any records that are part of the public record. The Historical Society has a huge amount of research and online resources, as well as having a volunteer staff available to either assist with research for free, or perform research entirely for a $25 per hour fee. Requests can be emailed to the group, who will perform any research requests and bill the total amount upon completion.
Note: Files UCCs in their office.


The BSNL will now launch Bsnl 5G very soon. BSNL declared that they will launch Bsnl 5G on the same very date when it is actually launched globally, in an interesting development, which means, in India, the BSNL will be the first to launch 5G services.
BSNL WILL BE FIRST TO LAUNCH BSNL 5G SERVICES!
The BSNL will be the first to launch Bsnl 5G services in India. BSNL, the state-run telecom company for a long period working on its 5G services and now they will launch the next-generation ultra-high-speed telecom 5G services.
The BSNL want to publish its 5G consumer services from starting 2020. "BSNL will launch 5G services the same day as their launch globally," said BSNL Chief General Manager Anil Jain.
To build its 5G technology network in India, they have been working together with Coriant, ZTE and also with international vendors named Nokia.
To use Nokia's global experience on 5G-related industry lead, BSNL partnered with Nokia, last year. After that, the BSNL signed an agreement with Coriant, the mobile routing solutions company and Coriant have been helping the public company, BSNL to re-work on the areas as waste management, education, and on healthcare.
On the other sides, 3G Data STV plans of Rs 448, Rs 444, Rs 333, Rs 349 and Rs 187 will also receive additional 2GB data.
The plan can give a counter-attack against Jio's 1.5 GB additional data for every subscriber and now the Jio offers 4.5 GB data per day for Rs 299.
To adopt the next-gen telecom services, India will have to develop a complete end-to-end 5G mobile ecosystem. It is very important that when 5G launch in India commercially then the 5G enabled smartphones also need to available for getting Bsnl 5G service.
BSNL and Japan's NTT subsidiary Virgo Corporation recently signed a MoU to work on a 5G testbed together.
To launch Bsnl 5G services along with 4G and VoLTE services, BSNL has already received the airwaves, in the premium 700 Mhz band from the DoT (Department of Telecom). The 700 Mhz can be made immediately available to run the 5G services in the country, recently claimed by the DoT(Department of Telecom).
In terms of adoption of 3G and 4G technologies the BSNL is known as a late-comer but to give us 5G services, the public telecom company, BSNL works very fast.


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New York authorities discovered $1 billion in wire transfers by the Sackler family as authorities suspect they are hiding wealth from lawsuits
Ellen Cranley,Ellen CranleySep 14, 2019, 22:49 IST
STEPHANE DE SAKUTIN/AFP/Getty Images
Activists of P.A.I.N. (Prescription Addiction Intervention Now) association - created to respond to the opioid crisis - and of French NGO Aides hold banners reading "Shame on Sackler" and "Take down the Sackler name" (back) in front of the Pyramid of the Louvre museum (Pyramide du Louvre), on July 1, 2019 in Paris, during a protest to condemn the museum's ties with the Sackler family, billionaire donors accused of pushing to sell a highly addictive painkiller blamed for tens of thousands of deaths. - The Sacklers have been high-profile philanthropists to cultural institutions such as the Tate in London and the Guggenheim in New York, but museums and galleries have recently been rebuffing their donations because of the opioid crisis fallout. The most recent museum to cut ties with the Sackler family is New York's Metropolitan Museum, which announced earlier this month that it will cease accepting gifts from the family.
The New York attorney general's office said it found a previously unknown $1 billion in wire transfers by the Sackler family, the owners of pharmaceutical giant Purdue Pharma.
Authorities added that millions of dollars of the uncovered wire transfers involved Mortimer D.A. Sackler, a former Purdue board member who the statement alleged transferred millions of dollars from trust companies through Swiss bank accounts to himself.
The Sacklers recently reached a tentative settlement that requires the family to pay $3 billion of their own fortune in cash over the next seven years.
Purdue's accusers claim the company's misleading advertising helped ignite America's opioid crisis as sales of OxyContin helped the family build a $13 billion fortune.
Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
The New York attorney general's office said it found $1 billion in wire transfers by the Sackler family, the owners of pharmaceutical giant Purdue Pharma.
The finding comes as the family faces a growing number of lawsuits over their role in the opioid crisis in ownership because of their ties to OxyContin-maker Purdue.
New York Attorney General Letitia James has reportedly subpoenaed 33 financial institutions to uncover more information about the Sackler family's wealth. The filing includes findings from just one unnamed institution, NBC News reported.
"While the Sacklers continue to lowball victims and skirt a responsible settlement, we refuse to allow the family to misuse the courts in an effort to shield their financial misconduct," James said in a statement reported with the filing.
Read more: The makers of OxyContin just tentatively settled 2,000 lawsuits on their role in the opioid crisis. Meet the Sacklers, who built their $13 billion fortune off the controversial prescription drug.
"Already these records have allowed the state to identify previously unknown shell companies that one of the Sackler defendants used to shift Purdue money through accounts around the world and then conceal it in at least two separate multi-million dollar real estate investments," the filing said, according to NBC News.
Sackler told CNN after the filing that "there is nothing newsworthy about these decade-old transfers, which were perfectly legal and appropriate in every respect."
"This is a cynical attempt by a hostile AG's office to generate defamatory headlines to try to torpedo a mutually beneficial settlement that is supported by so many other states and would result in billions of dollars going to communities and individuals across the country that need help," Sackler told the outlet.
Mortimer D.A. Sackler, a former Purdue board member. It alleges that Sackler, at least one of which was previously unknown, through Swiss bank accounts to himself as early as 2009. Some of the funds were directed to real estate companies that owned Sackler family homes in Manhattan and the Hamptons, the filings said.
The Sacklers tentatively agreed to pay out of pocket to resolve thousands of lawsuits against Purdue, according to The New York Times. The tentative settlement requires the Sacklers to pay $3 billion of their own fortune in cash over the next seven years, The Times reported.
The deal came after state attorneys general first asked the Sacklers to pay $4.5 billion for suits from two dozen states and 2,300 local governments, according to NPR.
The Times noted that Purdue will most likely file for bankruptcy and be split into separate companies. A new company will continue to sell OxyContin, with all proceeds benefiting the plaintiffs.
Purdue's accusers claim the company's misleading advertising helped ignite America's opioid crisis, Business Insider previously reported. Sales of OxyContin helped the family build a $13 billion fortune.
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