Lori Petty is an American movie actress. Petty graduated from North High School in Sioux City, Iowa in 1981 and worked for several years in Omaha as a graphic designer before pursuing acting.
In 1992, Petty was featured as 'Kit' in the box office hit A League of Their Own which starred Tom Hanks, Geena Davis and Madonna. Petty gained a starring role in Tank Girl in 1995, which made her into a cult icon. Her other films include Free Willy and In The Army Now. She also co-starred on a short-lived television series called Lush Life with her friend Karyn Parsons but it was cancelled after four episodes. Petty has also made marks in voicing Livewire on Warner Bros., Superman: The Animated Series, and Batman.
Originally cast in Sandra Bullock's role in Demolition Man, Petty's contract was dissolved when the director complained that she looked too much like a butch lesbian for the role.
In addition she is the creator of the alternative clothing line Lawd Knows, and is an accomplished artist.
Height 5' 8" (1m73) How tall is Lori Petty compared to you?


text:
Major Changes to New York's Estate and Gift Tax Law
Effective April 1, 2014, the 2014-2015 "Executive Budget" makes significant changes to New York's estate tax and gift tax. These changes will have a major effect on estate planning for New York residents. While these changes provide some tax relief for the moderately wealthy, wealthier New Yorkers will see little, if any, change, except under certain circumstances that will cause an increase in estate tax.
The Executive Budget increases New York's basic exclusion amount ($1 million per decedent prior to April 1, 2014) to $2.0625 million per decedent as of April 1, 2014, with gradual increases annually until January 1, 2019 when the basic exclusion amount will reach $5.25 million. Thereafter, it will be indexed for inflation, which should link New York's basic exclusion amount to the federal amount (presently $5.34 million, but also indexed for inflation). The basic exclusion amount is increased as follows:
Death on or After: and Before: Basic Exclusion Amount:
April 1, 2014	 April 1, 2015 $2,062,500
April 1, 2017 January 1, 2019 $5,250,000
Because of a quirk in the way New York calculates its estate tax, the basic exclusion amount is rapidly phased out once the value of a decedent's taxable estate exceeds the basic exclusion amount in the year of death, and is totally phased out when the value of a decedent's taxable estate is greater than 105% of the basic exclusion amount.
The Executive Budget implements the exclusion by allowing a credit of the "Applicable Credit Amount" to be taken against the tax imposed by the statute, as follows:
If the New York taxable estate is less than or equal to the basic exclusion amount, the Applicable Credit Amount will be the amount of the tax so computed and, therefore, serves as a wash.
If the New York taxable estate is up to 5% greater than the basic exclusion amount, the Applicable Credit Amount will be limited based on a formula, resulting in a rapidly increasing tax for each percent over the basic exclusion amount.
If the New York taxable estate is greater than 105% of the basic exclusion amount, no credit is allowed.
The Executive Budget keeps the top bracket at 16%. Nevertheless, there has been a change in bracket structure. As a result, estates valued in excess of 105% of the basic exclusion amount will have the same tax they would have had under the old law.
The rates included in the Executive Budget only cover the period for a decedent dying on or after April 1, 2014 and before April 1, 2015. While this might have been an error that will require a technical correction, there is some question as to whether it is a time-limited compromise, test period or mandate reached during the budget negotiations.
New York has not had a gift tax since 2000 when New York's gift tax was repealed. Consequently, a commonly used estate planning technique to reduce the size of a New York resident's estate tax was to make gifts within the allowable federal exemption. Not only was the donor able to make a completed gift without incurring gift tax liability in New York, but so long as she had no retained an interest in the gifted property, she was assured that the value of the gift would not come back into her estate for estate tax purposes. The Executive Budget provides that taxable gifts made within three (3) years of death (if not otherwise includible in the federal gross estate) must be added back to a decedent's New York estate for estate tax purposes. The "addback" does not apply to gifts made (i) when the decedent was not a resident of New York, (ii) before April 1, 2014, and (iii) after December 31, 2018. In general, "taxable gifts" do not include annual exclusion gifts (currently $14,000 per done) and payments made directly for tuition and medical expenses. The addback, however, does not appear to exclude gifts of real or tangible personal property outside of New York State, which, if owned at a decedent's death, would not be subject to New York's estate tax.
The Executive Budget has repealed New York's generation-skipping transfer ("GST") tax, applicable to taxable distributions to "skip persons" and taxable terminations where "skip persons" receive a trust distribution on its termination.
New York residents may need to modify their estate plan and estate plan documents to reflect these changes to the New York State estate and gift tax law. Pashman Stein tax attorneys are prepared to advise you and assist you in how best to incorporate these changes into your estate plan.
Joseph L. Goldman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to change the background color of a SceneView 3D Object in SwiftUI Does anybody knows how to change the color of the background of a SceneView object?
I'm trying by just placing the background attribute to the SceneView, but it doesn't change it, still with a default background.In this case I wanted to the background be green, but it's keeps gray/white
import SwiftUI
import SceneKit

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {

        ZStack{
            Color.red
            SceneView(
                scene: SCNScene(named: "Earth.scn"),
                options: [.autoenablesDefaultLighting,.allowsCameraControl]
            )
            .frame(width: UIScreen.main.bounds.width, height: UIScreen.main.bounds.height/2, alignment: .center)
            .background(Color.green)
            .border(Color.blue, width: 3)

        }
    }
}

struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
    static var previews: some View {
        ContentView()
    }
}

A: The gray that you are seeing is from SCNScene's background property. You need to set this to UIColor.green.
struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {

        ZStack{
            Color.red
            SceneView(
                scene: {
                    let scene = SCNScene(named: "Earth.scn")!
                    scene.background.contents = UIColor.green /// here!
                    return scene
                }(),
                options: [.autoenablesDefaultLighting,.allowsCameraControl]
            )
            .frame(width: UIScreen.main.bounds.width, height: UIScreen.main.bounds.height/2, alignment: .center)
            .border(Color.blue, width: 3)

        }
    }
}

Result:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Congratulations to Cornerstone Board member Dr. Sriram Devanathan of Medical Guidance Systems, LLC! He was recently named a Diverse Business Leader of 2018 by the St. Louis Business Journal.
© Copyright 2017, Cornerstone Center for Early Learning; All Rights Reserved.


Do you suspect your pet has a heart or lung condition? A problem you could face is finding a local veterinary practice that is equipped to provide you and your pet with an accurate diagnosis of their condition. You could be left having to travel your poorly pet miles.
Clare Johnson is the senior assistant vet at the Avenue Veterinary Centre. Clare has a keen interest in continuing her personal development as a vet and learning more about cardiology. Cardiology is an interest of Clare's and a subject on which she is very knowledgeable.
At the Avenue Veterinary Centre, Clare will use specialised cardiology equipment that can provide you and your pet with a rapid and accurate diagnosis of their condition. This will enable our experienced veterinary team to treat your pet immediately, which in life threatening circumstances could save your pet's life.
One of the specialised pieces of cardiology equipment we utilise at the Avenue Veterinary Centre is called an electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG measures and records the small electrical currents produced by the heart to investigate it's rhythm.
We can image the heart using state of the art x-ray and ultrasound imaging equipment.
We also use a monitor to measure the blood pressure of your pet. Raised blood pressure is identified as a symptom of cardiac disease as well as disease of other organs such as the kidneys and the hyperthyroid gland in cats.. It is important to be able to measure pressure in the blood accurately to assist our team of veterinary professionals to provide you and your pet with the correct treatment.
If our team require a second opinion, they will email the ECG recordings, x-rays and ultrasound images to an RCVS Specialist at Martin Referrals. They are also more than happy to phone specialised cardiologists to discuss your pet's case, or refer, if they think this is appropriate. This is normally done on the same day your pet is with us at the Avenue Veterinary Centre.
For further information on cardiology, or if you think your pet as a heart of lung condition please call our well equipped veterinary centre on 01684 572 420 or email Avenue Veterinary Centre at info@avenue.vet.


Sieve flour, salt and baking powder. Mix together. Add in sugar and mix all the ingredients together. Stir together the eggs, milk and melted butter in another bowl. In the centre of the dry ingredients, make a well and pour in all the liquid contents. Stir mixture until it is moistened (lumpy). Fill mixture onto greased patty tins about 2.3 full. Combined all ingredients for topping. Add 1 tbsp of shrimp topping on each tin. Garnish with chopped spring onion and parsley. Bake at a preheated oven at 180 Celsius for 30 minutes. Serve hot.


text:
Q: why row is not updating in my form inputs in angular7? I have an angular app in which i have a table in which i will have one form row initially on page component load. Then when user will type anything in 'description' field so another row will be added.
Here is the component.html code

    Labor
    <select *ngIf="!isTypeLabel" class="form-control" (blur)="onTypeBlur()" [(ngModel)]="serviceRow['type']">
        <option value="part">Part</option>
        <option value="labour">Labour</option>
    </select>

    {{service.label}}
    <input type="text" *ngIf="!service.labelVisible" (blur)="onColumnBlur(i,service.name)" class="form-control" [(ngModel)]="rawCannedService[rowIndex].row[i]['variableRef']">

So it looks like this

THe process is that when modal is load so initially text will be there in place of inputs and when user will click on any column so it becomes editable input. Issue is that i have to add next row when user will type anything in description field. So currently row is adding but variables are not updating. It binds same values for next row also.  I am binding ngModel variables dynamically. Here is the result of after adding another row

Here is my component.ts code.
 columns = [
  { field: 'type', header: 'Type', width: '15%' },
  { field: 'desc', header: 'Description', width: '40%' },
  { field: 'price', header: 'Price', width: '15%' },
  { field: 'qty', header: 'Qty', width: '10%' },
  { field: 'hrs', header: 'HRS', width: '10%' },
  { field: 'subtotal', header: 'SUBTOTAL', width: '10%' }
 ];
singleRow = [
  { name: 'desc', label: 'Please enter description', labelVisible: true, variableRef : ''},
  { name: 'price', label: '$0.00', labelVisible: true , variableRef : ''},
  { name: 'qty', label: '0', labelVisible: true, variableRef : '' },
  { name: 'hrs', label: '0', labelVisible: true, variableRef : '' },
  { name: 'total', label: '$0.00', labelVisible: true, variableRef : '' }
 ];
 rawCannedService = [];

  onCoumnClick(index: number) {
   this.rawCannedService[this.selectedRowIndex].row[index].labelVisible = false;
  }
 onColumnBlur(index: number, field: string) {
   console.log('field : ', field);
   console.log('row : ', index);
   console.log('updated state : ', this.rawCannedService);
   this.rawCannedService[this.selectedRowIndex].row[index][field] = this.serviceRow[field];
   if (field === 'desc' && this.rawCannedService[this.selectedRowIndex].row[index]['variableRef'].length > 2) {
   this.selectedRowIndex++;
   this.rawCannedService.push({row : this.singleRow});
  }
}

Am i binding [(ngModel)] wrongly?
Here is stackblitz here for reference

A: Ahsan, you need add a "copy" of singleRow, not singleRow, else you has an unique row
push({row : this.singleRow.map(x=>({...x}))})


Four lucky public schools in far-flung Iloilo areas benefitted from a recent Brigada Eskwela project undertaken by Ayala employees. The project, which was called Brigadang Ayala in reference to the proponents – Ayala Multi-Purpose Cooperative, Ayala Foundation and Ayala Land – as well as the volunteer participants, which came from various Ayala Group subsidiaries and the Coop, saw various donations worth P1.83 million, including school kits, toy libraries and equipment, being turned over to benefit a total of 1,396 grade school and preschool pupils and children.
The four schools are the Tanza Elementary School in Tanza, Estancia, Iloilo, and the San Fernando Elementary School, Alipata Elementary School and Buaya Elementary School in Sicogon Island. Some 42 volunteers, including 29 from the Ayala Coop and the rest from Ayala Land, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Globe Telecom, Integrated Microelectronics Inc., Manila Water and Affinity Express, turned out to participate in the project.
The volunteers participated in the various activities, including the refurbishing of the said schools to prepare them for the opening of the school year, the distribution of school kits, the turnover of two toy libraries to the Tanza and San Fernando schools, the conduct of the L.E.T.S. (Learning English Through Stories) Read Program, and the turnover of equipment like laptop, projector, wide screen, sound system, generator set, electric fans and other accessories as well as Brigada materials like flags, medical kits and raincoats.
The volunteers included Norie Lynn Dimaymay of Affinity Express, Jasper Alfonso, Andrea Santiago and Ellen Nemenzo of ALI, Claribel Marquez and Linda Bautista (BPI), Renee Acebuche and Mona Angelique Perez (Globe), Ana Sait and Ralph Micky Batonero (IMI), Jenee May Sales and Helerie Anne Ranillo (Manila Water), and Delia Afunggol, a committee member.
The Coop volunteers, meanwhile, were led by Ayala Coop General Manager Dina Orosa and Chief Finance Officer Jenny Cura, and also included Nyra Abais, Mel Ryan Ani, Francesca Denice Azanza, Arnel Balmes, Chadrina Maris Briz, Jhona Contillo, Frances Joy de Asis, Nelson Dini-Ay, Conrad Gasmin, Marlon Guzman, Jenifer Luyun, Gemma Magalona, Jane Kenneth Manahan, Jonila Margallo, Emily Montino, Rustom Ortiz, Norayda Poot, Sarah Razonable, Maria Cazemer Receno, Jonathan Rojo, Rowenalyn Talampas, Janice Qyinn Tolentino, Mispah Grace Villacarlos, Elinor Abellare, Olivia Ablaza, Mary Grace Bando, and Amadeo Vicente Jr.
Dino Rey Abellanosa, senior manager and the Visayas-Mindanao lead of Ayala Foundation, also expressed the same commitment to the lesser sectors of society, saying that the Brigadang Ayala is another demonstration of the foundation's firm resolve to help uplift the lives especially of children and the country's young.
Some 612 school kits were distributed in Tanza, 214 were donated in Alipata, 182 in San Fernando and 301 in Buaya, with ALI adding 87 more kits to the total. Some P767,800 was spent for the school kits alone while a total of P600,000 went to the construction of the two toy libraries and implementation of the L.E.T.S. Read Program in Tanza and San Fernando, where it would be conducted over a six-month period with the objective of improving the English literacy of the school children there.
The Brigada Eskwela, after which Brigadang Ayala took off, is actually a national program developed by the Department of Education as an activity in support of the opening of classes every year. The program also seeks to encourage parents, teachers and other members of the local community to volunteer material and non-material resources and services in cleaning classrooms and school premises. This covers doing minor repairs on desks, walls and other parts of the classroom to provide an atmosphere conducive to learning.
The program was launched in 2003 in an effort to ensure that public school students continue to have classrooms and a school environment as they gain primary and secondary education.
Three of the almost 200 children at the San Fernando Elementary School in Sicogon Island who received their school kits are shown with Ayala Coop General Manager Dina Orosa (left), Sicogon Mayor Betita (in shades) and San Fernando Elementary School principal Joerie Mangasang (right).
Volunteers led by Jonas Rojo of the Ayala Coop do some cleaning and painting of the walls of the Tanza Elementary School in Tanza, Estancia, Iloilo as part of the Brigadang Ayala activities.
School officials and Ayala Coop volunteers pose with some of the recipients of school kits at the Alipata Elementary School in Sicogon Island.
Ayala volunteers are shown here with some of the children beneficiaries of the Brigadang Ayala at the Buaya Elementary School, the third school in Sicogon Island to be visited by the project.
It's painting time for some volunteers as they prepare the Buaya Elementary School for the opening of classes.
It's boodle time for the volunteers, shown here about to take their lunch prepared the native way on banana leaves and taken with bare hands, without frills.
The children of San Fernando eagerly await the arrival of the Brigada team that would distribute their school kits, among other things.


text:
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By Thomas R. Saving
Social Security, or, to be precise, Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI), is the U.S. government program that pays benefits to workers after retirement, to spouses and children of deceased workers, and to workers who become disabled before they retire. In 2003, the program had 47 million recipients, of whom 32.6 million were retired workers and their dependent family members, 6.8 million were survivors of deceased workers, and 7.6 million were disabled former workers and their dependent family members. Social Security is financed through a payroll deduction (FICA) tax that is more than adequate now, but soon will be less than the amount needed to pay benefits.
The first social security program originated in Germany in 1889 under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. By 1935, when President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the U.S. Social Security law, thirty-four European nations operated some form of old-age retirement plan based on transfers from workers to retirees. The U.S. Social Security system remained a retirement and survivor benefit program until 1957, when Congress began changing it significantly. The only previous changes had been increases in benefits and in taxes. In 1957, Congress broadened the program to include disability Insurance benefits for severely disabled workers. In 1972, Congress approved automatic cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) and in 1977 changed the benefit formula to provide a constant percentage of work income. Then, in 1983, in response to a funding crisis, Congress raised the payroll tax rate to its current level, increased the retirement age, and started to tax benefits.
In spite of and, in some cases because of, these changes, the system faces serious challenges in the future. In 1945, the United States had more than forty workers per retiree, so a minimal tax on workers could support all retirees. However, the system that began with few receiving benefits had to mature, and this maturation process meant that more and more individuals would become eligible for benefits. Thus, this idyllic world could not last. The combination of increased life expectancy from sixty-one years for those born in 1935 to seventy-six for those born in 2004, increased benefits, and falling birthrates has reduced the number of workers per retiree to three. By 2030, only two workers will be available to support each retiree.
U.S. Social Security comprises two distinct programs, each covering a separate population and each with its own method of financing. Old Age and Survivor Insurance (OASI) provides two types of benefits: retirement benefits for retired workers and benefits to the spouses and children of deceased workers. Disability Insurance (DI) provides benefits for disabled workers and their dependents on the same basis as retirement benefits are determined.
Social Security retirement benefits are based on average indexed monthly earnings for the thirty-five highest earnings years prior to retirement. The benefit formula is set up to favor lower-income workers. For example, in 2004, someone with average monthly earnings of $624 received a benefit that replaced 90 percent of earnings. Someone whose average monthly earnings were $3,760 received a benefit that replaced 42 percent of earnings, while someone with monthly earnings at the then-taxable maximum of $7,325 received a benefit that replaced only 28 percent of earnings. Early retirement—retirement between age sixty-two and the full-benefit age—results in a deduction from full benefits based on the actuarial assumption that early retirees will collect benefits for a longer period of time. The full-benefit age was sixty-five until 2000, when it began a two-month-a-year rise. It reached sixty-six in 2005, where it will remain until 2017; it will then rise by two months each year until it reaches sixty-seven in 2022.
Social Security's survivors' benefits are granted to the children and spouses of individuals who worked for at least ten years. Children and surviving spouses with children under sixteen years of age each receive an amount equivalent to 75 percent of the deceased's benefits, subject to a family maximum. Older surviving spouses are also eligible for benefits.
Disability benefits are granted to individuals who worked for at least ten years prior to disability, although younger workers with fewer than ten years of work may qualify for some benefits. Benefits are determined by a worker's earnings, ability to work in previous employment, ability to adjust to another job, and the expected duration of the disability. Children and spouses of disabled workers may also be eligible for benefits.
Many people believe that the FICA taxes they pay are placed in an account in their name at the Social Security Administration. In fact, these funds arrive at the U.S. Treasury and are used for current retirees' benefits and other government expenditures. If, at the end of the year, revenue from FICA taxes exceeds total benefits paid, which it has every year since 1983, the Treasury issues special government bonds to the Social Security Administration. These bonds prove that the Treasury used Social Security's money for other purposes and promise that when FICA revenues are too small to pay benefits, the Treasury will redeem the bonds. These bonds are, in essence, an IOU from the federal government to itself. It matters little whether the IOUs amount to zero, $100 billion, or $10 trillion.
The OASDI's revenues are expected to be relatively stable, growing from 12.71 percent of payroll in 2004 to 13.39 percent in 2080, with the modest rise attributable to increased revenues from the taxation of Social Security benefits. Costs will rise rapidly from 10.8 percent of payroll, when the first of the baby boomers become eligible for early retirement in 2008, to 17 percent in 2031, when the last of the baby boomers reach normal retirement age. Even after the last baby boomer retires, costs will continue to rise steadily for the indefinite future. While the program's current tax revenues are expected to exceed its costs until 2018, in every subsequent year thereafter, the program will face a funding deficit that will continue to grow in dollar terms and as a percentage of payroll.
Traditionally, media reports have summarized Social Security's financial health by reporting two numbers, the seventy-five-year actuarial deficit and the year of Trust Fund exhaustion. For 2004, these two numbers were 1.89 and 2042. The 1.89 actuarial deficit means that if the OASDI tax rate were raised in 2004 from its 2004 level of 12.4 percent of payroll to 14.29 percent of payroll, Trust Fund exhaustion would occur exactly seventy-five years later—in this case, 2078. Even if this payroll tax increase were enacted immediately, however, the system would go into deficit in 2023, just five years later than is currently forecast. Furthermore, there would be large deficits after 2078. The last time the Social Security system was brought back into actuarial balance was 1983, when a combination of an increased tax rate, gradual increase in full retirement age, and partial taxation of benefits reduced the actuarial deficit from 1.82 to −0.02. However, the government anticipated in 1983 that the actuarial deficit would be high again twenty years later.
The relevance of the 2042 Trust Fund exhaustion date is that the Treasury is not legally obligated to fund benefit payments that exceed Social Security revenues once there are no Trust Fund bonds to redeem. That date is artificial, though. Starting in 2018, paying benefits will require transfers from the rest of the federal budget. While the Trust Fund is an asset to Social Security, it is a Treasury obligation, not a Treasury asset, and provides no revenue to the Treasury for the payment of benefits. Thus, the redemption of Trust Fund assets will require some combination of increased federal taxes, reduced federal expenditures on other programs, or increased debt sales to the public.
Because Social Security is popular, it is difficult to change; without change, however, the program is financially doomed. As the Social Security trustees repeatedly point out, by 2018, Social Security will no longer be able to contribute to the Treasury revenue that, in 2003, equaled 7 percent of total income tax revenues. In fact, by 2024, the payment of Social Security benefits will require a transfer from the Treasury of more than 7.5 percent of total income tax revenues; by 2042, this transfer will grow to more than 15 percent of total income tax revenues.
Further, if Congress chooses to cover the looming deficits by raising the existing payroll tax, the tax rate required to pay benefits will grow from its current level of 12.4 percent of payroll to 17.8 percent of payroll by 2042 and to 19.4 percent by 2080, the end of the trustees' normal seventy-five-year horizon. Given that current Social Security replaces on average 42 percent of earned income, if in the long run there are two workers per retiree—the level expected by 2030—the required tax rate will be 21 percent. To the extent people view payroll taxes as pure taxes rather than as generating future benefits, such taxes reduce the supply of labor and result in a deadweight loss to the economy. At best, the current tax rate, if invested at the 3 percent rate assumed by the trustees, would just yield the benefits currently promised. Thus, the current payroll tax could be viewed by participants as buying them their promised benefits. However, the ultimate 21 percent payroll tax could not be so viewed and would result in a real reduction in the nation's output.
If currently scheduled Social Security benefits are paid, other government spending will have to be reduced or income taxes increased by almost 15 percent of projected income tax revenue. The Medicare program faces similar financial shortfalls. By 2030, maintaining currently scheduled Social Security and Medicare benefits would require all the payroll taxes and other revenues earmarked for these programs, plus more than 50 percent of all projected income tax revenues. This burden would fall on future workers, who would have to pay much higher payroll taxes.
To put the Social Security problem in perspective, the trustees calculated that the debt the system owed its current participants (those fifteen years old and older) at the close of 2003 was thirteen trillion dollars. If the government continued paying scheduled benefits and collecting only scheduled taxes from current participants, all new entrants to the workforce would have to pay off this thirteen-trillion-dollar debt in their lifetime. This is the equivalent of saddling each newborn with a substantial mortgage for which he will receive nothing in return.
With the Medicare debt added to the Social Security debt, new entrants to the workforce owe current participants almost forty-two trillion dollars. Because these debts are so enormous, they cannot and will not be honored. If the government solves the problem well and soon, the solution will be less painful. The required changes will cost something, but doing nothing will cost even more and will pass that cost on to future generations.
Even if benefits currently scheduled for the future are paid, the participants in Social Security will have received a rate of return on their taxes that is near zero. This low rate of return has formed the basis for increasing calls for reform. In 2001, President George W. Bush established the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security (CSSS), of which I was a member. The CSSS considered alternative ways of dealing with the thirteen-trillion-dollar debt and suggested adjusting the benefit formula and allowing workers to invest part of their FICA taxes in individual retirement accounts. Thus, part of each worker's FICA would be deposited to an account in his or her name and would not become part of general Treasury revenue.
Currently, benefits are scheduled to increase with the increase in real wages. The CSSS benefit formula adjustment would fix the real purchasing power of benefits at the level that would be achieved in 2009. The individual accounts would replace future benefit increases, so that the benefit structure would remain virtually unchanged. These changes would pay off about $4.4 trillion of the $13 trillion Social Security debt, largely through a significant reduction in the level of future promised benefits. Even with this reform, however, future generations would be saddled with $8.6 trillion in extra debt. Several other reforms are being considered, ranging from retaining much of the current pay-as-you-go financing to completely privatizing the system. To the extent that we replace a system in which individuals depend on future generations to pay for their retirement with one in which each generation saves for its own retirement, the U.S. capital stock will grow. Further, contributions to private accounts, even if equal to current tax rates, would correctly be viewed by participants as buying direct benefits and would have little negative effect on labor supply. Thus, the reform path that is ultimately chosen will have long-run implications for capital growth and income growth, and, ultimately, will determine which generation bears the burden of financing retirement.
Thomas R. Saving is the director of the Private Enterprise Research Center at Texas A&M University and University Distinguished Professor of Economics at Texas A&M. In 2000, President Bill Clinton appointed Dr. Saving a public trustee of the Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds. In May 2001, President George W. Bush named Dr. Saving to the bipartisan President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security.
Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds. Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds. Washington, D.C., March 2004.
Feldstein, Martin. "The Missing Piece in Policy Analysis: Social Security Reform." American Economic Review 86, no. 2, (1996): 1–14.
Feldstein, Martin., ed. Privatizing Social Security. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
Kotlikoff, Laurence J., and Jeffrey Sachs. "It Is High Time to Privatize." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 80, no. 2 (1998).
Mitchell, Olivia S., Robert J. Myers, and Howard Young, eds. Prospects for Social Security Reform. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
Murphy, Kevin, M., and Finis Welch. "Perspectives on the Social Security Crisis and Proposed Solutions." American Economic Review 88, no. 2 (1998): 142–150.
President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security. Strengthening Social Security and Creating Personal Wealth for All Americans. Washington, D.C., December 21, 2001.
Schieber, Sylvester J., and John B. Shoven. The Real Deal: The History and Future of Social Security. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees. Status of the Social Security and Medicare Programs: A Summary of the 2004 Annual Reports. Washington, D.C., March 2004.
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Spring Unveiled – Special Forces: Operation Alpha – Seasoned SEALs Book 1 By KaLyn Cooper
February 24, 2021 carolkittie Leave a comment
Spring Unveiled
Special Forces: Operation Alpha
Seasoned SEALs Book 1
KaLyn Cooper
Is a bittersweet tragedy
enough to bring exes back together?
Navy Captain Evan Hubbard returns to the West Coast to take command of Group 1 Navy SEALs at Coronado. His mission to clean up the team's tarnished reputation. When a sex trafficking ring involving SEALs comes to light, Evan must decide who he can trust to help him clean house and restore honor and pride. Before he can get started, an unexpected phone call with his college-age daughter and his ex-wife throws his personal life into chaos.
Genevieve Hubbard has spent the last twenty-one years as a schoolteacher, nine as a single mom after her decision not to follow her husband's career to the other side of the country. While she never stopped loving her ex-husband, she's made a life for herself that doesn't include him.
Their daughter has been keeping secrets—the father's identity from Genevieve, and her pregnancy from Evan. When tragedy strikes shortly after the baby is born, Evan and Genevieve must work together to do what is best for everyone. Will they find love again, or will they lose everything that is precious to them?
Spring Unveiled is the first book in the Seasoned SEALs Series, featuring characters from Susan Stoker's SEAL of Protection Series.
Captain Evan Hubbard was surprised how quickly his promotion came through and the swiftness of his transport to San Diego. He's to take command of SEAL group 1 effective immediately. There's a lot of cleaning up to do none of which will be pleasant.
Moving back to the west coast brings back a lot of memories. His ex-wife still lives there with his daughter Kylie and he's hoping to get close to them again.
Genevieve still lives in the house she once shared with Evan. Kylie is now living there full time having returned from college pregnant and scared. Genevieve is driving Kylie to the hospital, when Evan calls his daughter. There's just one little thing, Kylie never told him she's pregnant.
"I'm ready to go," Kylie announced as she hefted her body into the passenger seat. "The contractions are four minutes apart."
Holy shit. This was it.
Gen inhaled the cleansing breath and exhaled slowly. "Okay, then, let's do this."
As she backed out of the driveway, the car indicated an incoming call. "Dad" appeared on the dashboard screen. It was Kylie's phone that was ringing.
Fucking great.
"Did you call him and tell him you were in labor? Is he getting on a plane to come out here?" Gen didn't like the way her daughter rolled her lips into a flat line then lifted her shoulders in a slight shrug.
"Well?" She pressed.
The phone rang again.
"Are you going to answer that?"
She heard Kylie gulp before she pressed to answer the call. When her daughter said nothing, Gen decided to take control of the situation.
"Hey, Evan, Kylie and I are in the car on the way to the hospital. Since we don't know how long this is going to take, you're welcome to join us there." She wasn't going to keep him from meeting his first granddaughter or grandson. Kylie had insisted on not knowing the sex ahead of time so Gen couldn't even tell him which to expect.
There was a long pause of silence.
"Evan? Did we lose you?" It sounded as though he was in a car. Maybe he was on the way to the airport.
"Won't that be a bit awkward with the baby's father there?" His reply baffled her.
"Kylie, did you tell your dad who was the baby's father?" Gen was instantly hurt that she wouldn't tell her the father's name but she'd tell her father. But if he knew, they could contact the father and let him know. Maybe he'd want to be there.
Their daughter sniffed, then broke out in tears. "I didn't tell him anything."
"Okay, so your dad doesn't know who the father is either?" Gen needed to clarify this point.
Kylie shook her head. "No. I mean I didn't tell him anything." She wiped her eyes with a paper napkin she found in the center console. Rubbing her belly, she confessed, "He doesn't know."
"Oh, Jesus." Gen stopped behind the cars at the red light. "Are you telling me your dad doesn't even know you're pregnant?"
Kylie shook her head and pointed to the dashboard indicating the still-active call. "He does now."
"Evan, I was just informed that you know nothing about the pending birth of your first grandchild."
"What-the-fuck?" His voice exploded through every speaker in her car. "Kylie is…my little girl…is pregnant?" He seemed to spit out the last word.
Their daughter arched her back and burst into tears, screaming. "It hurts."
"Ah-he, ah-who. Breathe through the contraction like they taught you in the class. Concentrate on your breathing, not the pain." Gen tried to keep her words calm.
"What the hell is happening? Why is she screaming?" Evan's urgent voice wasn't helping.
"Kylie is in labor. That's why we're headed to the hospital. Contractions hurt." Like a bitch. But Gen didn't want to encourage anymore screaming. "That's the part of our daughter's birth that you missed." She was being a bitch and knew it. They'd been out somewhere in the ocean learning to deep dive when she'd gone into labor. Kylie had already been born by the time he got back to shore.
"My baby is having a baby?" Incredulity laced his quiet voice.
"Yes." Gen didn't know who to be angrier with, her daughter or her ex-husband. She thought he and Kylie talked regularly, like every week or two. "Obviously, you haven't kept up with her in months."
But he'd seen her at Thanksgiving, although she hadn't been very pregnant at the time and probably wasn't showing much. She could have easily hidden it by wearing a long sweater, especially since Virginia would feel chilly compared to Southern California. Gen had noticed that her daughter had put on a little weight at Christmas time, but it wasn't until Kylie announced she was not going back to college that she realized why.
"I have." His voice was very defensive. "We talked just a few weeks ago and she didn't say anything about a baby."
"I'm sorry, Dad." Kylie blew her nose. "I knew you'd be disappointed in me and I didn't want to tell you."
"And you thought he'd never find out?" Gen accused. "You know better than to keep anything from your father…or me."
"Ky, you know I love you no matter what." He exhaled a long breath. "Vivi, what hospital are you taking her to?"
She couldn't speak.
It was as though he'd punched her heart.
He'd called her Vivi. She hadn't been called that name in years. The last time she'd heard it, the last time he'd set it, he'd begged her not to file divorce papers. Oh, Vivi, don't do this to us.
All she could manage to do was stare straight ahead and mindlessly drive toward the hospital over on the mainland.
Kylie's huge round eyes stared at her, frightened, as though she'd threatened to leave. "Mom's a little busy driving right now. We're headed to the Navy Medical Center in San Diego. I'm still on Tricare, your medical insurance. As long as I go to the base hospital, they'll pay for everything."
"That's good, Ky. Good thinking. Where are you?" Evan's voice was so controlled it was comforting.
Gen got her act together. "We're about to cross the bridge." She needed to cut her ex-husband a break.
This was all new to him. "Evan, I know I've had a lot longer to deal with this situation but it's happening now." It was a good thing Gen was used to driving in heavy traffic and knew the way to the hospital as she changed lanes on the bridge. "I don't know if you want to fly all the way out—"
"Vivi, I'm less than ten minutes behind you."
"You're here?" Her daughter's wide eyes were proof that she didn't know, either. "How long have you been here?"
Evan chuckled. "About four hours. That's why I was calling Kylie. I wanted to tell her the good news. I'm going to be the commanding officer of Group One. I'm here to stay for at least the next three years. Hopefully more."
And the hits just keep on coming. "What happened to Captain Desmond?" Not that Gen, or anyone she knew, would miss the man. He was a terrible person and a terrible commander, in her opinion.
"We can talk about that later."
That was code for either her situation or his was not operationally secure. She had a plain old cell phone through a national carrier. He probably had an encrypted phone that shot directly to a protected military satellite before it bounced down to earth.
"I'll meet you at the hospital. I need to cancel my plans with Vice Admiral Lister." He hung up without saying goodbye. Typical Evan.
Cooper, KaLyn; Alpha, Operation. Spring UnVeiled (Special Forces: Operation Alpha) (Seasoned Seals Book 1) (Kindle Locations 360-411). Aces Press, LLC. Kindle Edition.
Evan meets them at the hospital and helps smooth things over since everyone perked up when he walked in. Kylie hits them with a bit of a bombshell when she lets them know she's planning on adoption. She does concede to wait twenty-four hours before finalizing anything. Both Evan and Gen are more than willing to help raise the grandchild. Then the unthinkable happens.
This is where I start crying and don't stop for a while. Kylie's death devastates her parents, but there's a child who needs love and care.
Evan and Gen immediately start things in motion to get custody of their grandchild. No way would they let Ian go to a foster home. Even on bereavement leave, Evan starts things in motion to clean up his SEALs.
I found it interesting when Evan discovers who the father of his grandchild is. The circumstances of Dylan's break up with Kylie not an uncommon thought for a SEAL.
There is so much that happens in this book, from Baby Ian, to identifying SEALs involved in shady business, to Evan and Gen falling in love again.
I really can't wait for the next book in this series, I hope the wait is not too long.
5 Contented Purrs for KaLyn!
KaLyn Cooper's romances blend fact and fiction with blazing heat and heart-pounding suspense.
Twenty-two years as a military wife has shown KaLyn the world, and thirty years in PR taught her that fact can be stranger than fiction. She leaves it up to the reader to separate truth from imagination.
She, her husband, and Little Bear (Alaskan Malamute) live in Tennessee on a micro-plantation filled with gardens, cattle, and quail. When she's not writing, she's at the shooting range or on the river.
Black Swan Ladies Book Club
@KaLynCooperbook
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Home » Forums » General
Belts colour musing
I remember a while back Iain discussed the history of the belt colours or at least the use of different colours to denote a level of proficiency.
If i remember correctly it was taken from Judo which in turn took inspiration from the school physical education system. I believe this took place when karate was being introduced to the japanese school system. ... so did we have child (junior) black belts from the inception of the belt system?
Iain Abernethy
The kyu-dan system is said to have originally developed by Honinbo Dosaku for the board game of Go; which was in turn based on a much older system of ranking Go players based on the nine levels of government officials in Imperial China. Kano was the first to apply it to martial arts. The belts being used to denote rank came later. Originally everyone wore the same clothing irrespective of rank. I understand the use of belts to denote rank was mainly inspired by the practise of experienced swimmers wearing black ribbons. Kano copied that.
Judo was hugely popular, so karate aped many of its practises as it sought to become popular itself i.e. the "do" ethos, the white gis, the grading system, and the belts that went with it. Karate and judo were both spread through the education system, but this was primarily at university level (young adults) so there were not junior black belts from the start. That is definitely a more recent practise.
First came grades, then later belts were used to denote those grades. Neither grades or belts were present in judo or karate originally. Black belts being given to children is very recent. I started as a child in the early 1980s and I don't recall any junior dan grades at that time (you had to be at least 16 years old). There may have been some somewhere, but it's certain they were nowhere near as prevalent as they are today. The grading system is in continual development with the "junior black belt" being a recent addition to reflect the fact that far more children train today than they did in the past.
Picture of Gichin Funakoshi giving one of the first karate dan grades to Hironori Otsuka (founder of Wado-Ryu) on the 12th of April 1924. The first ever karate dan grades were issued to seven karateka: six 1st dans and one 2nd dan to Anbun Tokuda (1886–1945). Before that day, there were no ranks in karate.
I'd like to add to the question.
Why are the belt colours in a given order? Generally we see something like white, yellow, orange, green, blue, purple, brown, black. Sometimes multiples of some of those colours with or without stripes (brown/white, brown, brown/black as an example.) Throw in a red somewhere. But why that order? And for those that vary (like I do, to a small degree,) why?
And then the block-belts. My understanding is that the kohaku obi first came into use around the same time as the black belt and so pre-dates the coloured belts. My further understanding is that the coral belt was created by Ed Parker. What of other variations such as blue-and-white or red/white stripe? Are these Western things?
John Van Tatenhove
From what if read and seen, the belt color choices and order is completely arbitrary. I do not know of any historical reference as to the colors being significant other than distinguishing the graded level of a practitioner against a particular syllabus. It would be similar to color coding a graph. What the color choices are is not relevent, only that they are visibly different, and that interested parties know what they represent.
Quick2Kick
Something I picked up in the comment section of the internet ( so do with it what you will) was the ideas that Korean Taekwondo places the Red just below Black as a slight to Japanese who place the Red above Black. Fresh from under the rule of Japan, Korea was flexing it's new found freedom and sticking it to there previous oppressors with their belt system. :)
I have not yet seen any historical information on the choice and order of the kyu colours. But in their typical order they get darker the closer you get to the black belt. Just stating the obvious, of course, but maybe that is the logic behind it.
Neil Babbage
I have no evidence for this, but it's Neil's Occam's Razor. If you were to award belts in order, and lots of students give up, then you'd give the cheapest belts at the lowest grades. This is the days of natural dyes of course. Yellow is a cheap, common, dye (cow urine being a popular one), as is red, orange and brown. Green is much rarer as are the blues / purples (depending on what part of the world you are in). Based on this I'd speculate that red, yellow and brown were the first widely used colour belts, with the others being added only later.
Tau wrote:
Generally we see something like white, yellow, orange, green, blue, purple, brown, black. Sometimes multiples of some of those colours with or without stripes (brown/white, brown, brown/black as an example.) Throw in a red somewhere. But why that order? And for those that vary (like I do, to a small degree,) why?
The colour order varies a fair bit between styles and groups. One example is Kyokushin where the belts go white, orange, blue, yellow, green, brown, black. It's pretty much arbitrary as to what colours are used in what order. The "standard" colours and order we see in the UK can, once again, be traced back to judo. Where judo leads, karate follows when it comes to ranking.
Originally, we have white and black; where there is no visible sign of any kyu grade rank. Later on, we green and brown added to show the kyu grades. This is the system that was first used in the UK i.e. three white belts (sometimes with tags), three green belts, and then three brown belts (belt gets "darker" the better to are). That gives use the 9 kyu grades before the black belt. That was what most of the early UK karateka started with. The three whites were later switched out for white, yellow, orange (in both Judo and karate) but the three greens and three browns remained. The three greens were then swapped out, in most cases, for green, blue, purple, but the three browns remain to this day. It's all to do with motivating people and changing things to do that more effectively.
The "rainbow colours" came after karate and judo were well established in the west; so it's relatively recent. I don't think we can attribute that to a single group or person. It's more of a common evolution which accounts for all the variations in how it is done. Later on, people make out it was some grand plan with deep symbolism, but that's demonstrable BS.
In a style I trained in previously, belt colour was clearly arbitrary, but some philosophy hard been crowbar'ed in for whatever reason.
For example, white represents the snow covering the ground at the very start of the year. Yellow and orange are the spring sunshine as nature begins to awaken. Green is rapid growth and brown represents the stability of maturing wood.
Then it kind of falls apart a bit, with sort of a mish mash of different analogies. Then blue is midnight (see how we've ditched the year and moved to a day), the beginning is drawing to a close. Black is death. Not death in the literal sense of course (hopefully) but the end of life as a beginner, to make way for a new life as an expert. Except there are no experts, because as we all know a black belt is just a white belt underneath etc etc yada yada. But OK, not expert, but the beginning of mastery. Except that mastery depends on having trained for many years or decades and has its own set of belts, presumably each with their tenuous connection to some philosophy that happens to fit somehow with the Western notions of the mystical Eastern ideas.
Or a belt can tell an instructor that doesn't know you how likely you are to fall correctly and safely if he picks you out for a demonstration.
Anf wrote:
… presumably each with their tenuous connection to some philosophy that happens to fit somehow with the Western notions of the mystical Eastern ideas.
Brilliant! There is this need to always tie things to pseudo mysticism in some quarters. We see this with belt colours, kata names, even the name "karate" itself i.e. "The 'empty' represents the concepts that 'matter is void' and all is vanity." Karate does need to rid itself of these debunked ideas. They have no historical validity and I believe they are damaging to the authenticity of the art.
One wonders what the philosophical reasoning is for the order of the balls in Snooker? It was invented by British soldiers in the late 1800s, so then must have been inspired by Christianity:
Yellow represents the sunrise and new beginning when one is baptised into the Christian church.
Green represents the spiritual growth that results.
Brown is worth 4 points and that represents the four points of the wooden cross upon which Christ died for our sins.
Blue represents the heaven which awaits all saved souls.
Pink represents flesh and blood and acts as a reminder for us to do our Christian duty to our fellow men and to love our neighbours as we love ourselves.
Black is the final ball and it represents bodily death. It reminds us that our time on earth (represented by the green table) is limited, but that we will have enteral life if we enter the church (yellow), grow in Christ (green), accept that Christ died for our sins (brown), seek to enter heaven (blue), to help others here on earth (pink), so that death (black) simply represents the beginning of life ever after.
Or maybe they picked arbitrary colours and any attempt to retroactively attribute meaning based on the prevailing culture is ridiculous? :-)
Iain, your abillity to pull an analogy like that out of your hat is uncanny. ;-)
Marc wrote:
your ability to pull an analogy like that out of your hat is uncanny. ;-)
Analogy? ;-) It all fits together perfectly and I feel it has as much validity as the innumerable theories on belt colours, kata numbers, etc (#).
I also forgot to mention that the red balls represent the twelve disciples and the holy trinity (15 in total) and the white ball represents Christ himself (obviously).
(#) – None at all :-)
Ian H
Certainly, first and foremost, the belt system is a good "internal gradation" within the particular dojo to represent the relative competence & knowledge of the students. So a beginner should be able to ask a student with a "higher" belt rank to clarify a detail on a kata or other technique, for example. It also reflects certain levels of competency in breakfalls, for example. Usually, the belt system used in a given dojo has the belts getting "darker" as one moves from white-belt to black-belt, but there's always someone who has to be different.
Tricker, but still important, is the concept of "belt levels" between dojos and between styles of karate. Any given sensei of a dojo has a lot of autonomy in his teaching methods and goals but ... also has overarching goals that all the senseis of his style of karate are trying to achieve with their students. One doesn't want to be the one sensei in the organisation whose blue-belt students are "only at a green belt level" compared to everyone else in the organisation, and so forth.
And of course there is a general expectation that each belt "level" will roughly equate in overall competence to similar belts in other dojos in other styles. The sensei who "guarantees" a black belt to any student after two years of regular attendance (are we actually talking about regular dues-payment?) is often poorly regarded by others within the martial arts community. One also sees the inter-dojo expectations at tournaments, where the athletes are grouped into "white-yellow" beginner, "orange-green" intermediate, "blue-brown" advanced, and "black" divisions for competition. Each of those divisions has a range of "expected skill levels" but an athlete who is manifestly outside the generally accepted skill level can raise questions. When we talk about child athletes, there is something to be said for keeping their competition within a certain skill range ... no "throwing them to the wolves", no letting them decimate the manifestly under-skilled ...
... and that's right. For them. Sometimes I am of the mind that the integrity of the "belt system" is very important to maintain. And sometimes, I remind myself that the belt doesn't keep my pants up, doesn't keep my gi closed ... unless I want to store my key chain inside my gi, it doesn't really do anything at all ... so what's the big deal? I just show up and learn karate. The trick is, finding a way to think both things at the same time.
Iain Abernethy wrote:
It sure does. ;-)
Obviously. It's all beginning to make sense now.
And what do you make of the queue? Does it represent God? Or does it make us reflect on our own sins, when we are not truely following Gods commandments but trying to exploit Christ for our own goals? And what about the pockets? Are they the places where sheep get lost or are they the gates to heaven?
And do you think it's meaningful that I feel I play better after two pints?
I will never be able to play pool again without a sweet feeling of spirituality. So thank you.
Interesting perspective from Jesse. Although I know he has a dry sense of humour so I don't know how seriously this is meant to be:
https://www.karatebyjesse.com/karate-belt-colors-meaning/
PASmith
That Jesse Enkamp article isn't that far removed from the nonse...erm..."philosophy" attributed to the belt colours in ITF Taekwondo.
PASmith wrote:
Oh God, I had to memorise all that for gradings.
No Tau...you were a flowering plant growing towards the sky!
It's Jesse ascribing meaning, rather than reporting intended meaning from an historical source. An ascribed meaning is still a meaning, but we have to be careful not to retroactively apply intent and historical authenticity as a result.
Back to my snooker analogy … it is possible for someone to play snooker and use the colours as a means to reflect on their faith, but it does not follow that the colours where chosen to have the meaning. The definitely were not!
And what do you make of the cue? Does it represent God?
OK! Let me give that one a go:
It is the combination of the player, the cue and the ball working together that really matters. They act as one, and you can only understand one in relation to the others. They are not the same and yet they inseparable in action. This is like the Holy Trinity. The player represents the Father. The cue is the Holy Spirit. The while ball on the table is, as already discussed, The Son. All analogies are imperfect, but each shot should be used to mediate on how all events on the Earth (the table) are subject to the will of The Father (Player) and how it is through the Holy Spirit (cue) that this will is expressed. It is through Christ (white ball) that we experiance the Father and the Holy Ghost here on earth. Each shot is an opportunity to see beyond the metaphor and contemplate these mysteries in more depth.
Plausible? ;-)
I will never be able to play pool again without a sweet feeling of spirituality.
Pool, unlike snooker, is an evil blasphemy! As one example, if your fellow player pots the white (rejects Christ) you too are free to pick it up and place it anywhere in the "D" ("D" for devil) which represents placing your own will above Christ. I fear for your soul Mark! ;-)
As I think we've illustrated, you can ascribe meaning to all kind of things. And while that meaning can have value for those who also chose to ascribe it, that's not the same as inferring original intent. Snooker is NOT a game based on the tenants of Christianity. Likewise, the belt colours do NOT point to any deeper meaning.
I've been reading some writings of Kano from the early 1930s over the weekend. It seems the purple belt came into play BEFORE the brown belts in Judo:
"The colour of the belt varies according to the rank of the person. 1st dan to 5th dan is black. 6th dan to 9th dan is red and white. 10th dan and higher is red. For all kyu grades, it is white. Children who have more than 3rd kyu may wear purple." – Jigoro Kano, 1931
The children's purple belt therefore fulfilled the same role as the adult brown belt did a few years later i.e. to donate 3rd kyu to 1st kyu. Note the total lack of coloured belts for adult kyu grades at the time though. Just the one colour for the kids.
As regards, the "10th dan and higher" bit, Kano did not envisage the dan grades being capped at 10.
The Kodokan was founded in 1882 by Kano. Kano died in 1938. The 1955 book, "Illustrated Kodokan Judo" states that:
"There is no limit on the grade one can receive. Therefore, if one does reach a stage above 10th dan, there is no reason why he should not be promoted to 11th dan."
So 17 years after Kano's death, dan grades above 10th were still theoretically possible, However, in 1963, the Kodokan clarified that dan grades were capped at 10th dan and that they did not ever expect anyone to be awarded higher than that.
Anyhow, fun fact: The first ever junior rank was a purple belt for 3rd kyu to 1st kyu.
Where does the pink belt fit in?
Profound! - Although I refuse to believe (see what I did there?) that the player would represent God. That seems presumptuous. Man should not play God. And that, I propose, is the whole point of the game. See, by playing God we mess up the divine arrangement we have at the beginning of the game when all the red balls are held together by the triangle (the holy trinity, obviously) and the other balls are arranged on the table like a cross. At least the Lord is gracious and the different coloured balls are put back in place when we pot them (until towards the end of the game).
Pool, unlike snooker, is an evil blasphemy!
Oh my, you're right. I see it now: While snooker is trying to teach us about blasphemy, pool is blasphemy.
That's why it's so much fun.
But ENOUGH! Back to the belts...
I doff my cap you deeper insights into theologically based pub games ;-)
I agree :-) It does, however, show that with a little "creative" thinking it is possible to ascribe seemingly deep meanings to things that were never intended to have any deeper meaning. By ascribing such meaning to the things that fit, and deliberately overlooking the things that don't, we can ascribe order and meaning to things that were never intended to have such order and meaning. It happens a lot within karate i.e. belt colours, number of repetitions in kata, kata names, the "empty" part of empty hands, etc. Such things are every bit as baseless as our "theories" on pool and snooker, and should be rejected just as readily.
Thanks for playing!
Wherever people want it to :-) As we've covered, there has never been an underlying theory that underpins how belts are used. It changes across time and from group to group.
I've seen pink belt used:
1) By Jesse Enkamp at his events to put everyone on the same level at his KNX events (which works because most grading systems don't use the colour so it has no widely assigned rank).
2) In charity fundraising events; particularly those related to charities that address predominately female issues such as breast cancer, etc.
3) As a "joke belt" for people to wear in class if they forgot their own belt.
4) As a 1st kyu belt by a gentleman I know who wanted to lightheadedly motivate some of his 1st kyus (young males) to push harder to achieve 1st dan. Apparently, it worked. Being a perpetual brown belt was OK; not so much being a perpetual pink belt.
5) Rener and Ryron Gracie award a pink belt to women who complete their woman's self-defence program (Gracie University Women Empowered Program). That is entirely independent of the standard grading system and I think it's a nice touch.
I'm sure there are others, but that's the ones I've came across.
A few of the above play on the association of pink with femininity. However, it's worth pointing out that's a relatively new connection from around the 1940s onward. In the 19th century, the uniforms of the British Army were red, so pink ("light red") was frequently worn by boys (whose parents were wealthy enough to afford coloured clothing).
6) A rank in Ameri-Do-Te that students are demoted to for certain misdemeanours.
Or is it pub games based theology. ;-)
with a little "creative" thinking it is possible to ascribe seemingly deep meanings to things that were never intended to have any deeper meaning. By ascribing such meaning to the things that fit, and deliberately overlooking the things that don't, we can ascribe order and meaning to things that were never intended to have such order and meaning.
Using something in an analogy to explain an idea is helpful to get people to understand the idea. It does not, however, implicate that that thing was caused by the idea.
Saint Patrick explained the idea of the trinity of God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit, to the Irish by the analogy of a cloverleaf that is three leafs in one. But that does not implicate that the shape of the cloverleaf was caused by Patrick's explanations. It also does not mean that when you find a lucky clover with a 4-in-1 leaf, that God now is a quaternity. The cloverleaf was just used to illustrate the concept that something can be multiple things and on thing at the same time.
On the whole, probably a good move. Far too many uber-sensei 'grand masters' have their egos (and membership marketing strategies) joined at the hip with their "Dan count". At least this way the perpetually-escallating "highest belt rank" is capped and all the super-grand-masters are stuck being each others' nominal "equals".
That being said, my sensei did get his 11th Dan back in 1962, so my karate is the best!
Ian H wrote:
Kano's original idea of the Dan levels where stages of individual personal development (the Do part of JuDo), leading to becoming a valuable member of society. The idea to limit the development of one's self doesn't really make any sense, does it. Why would you want people to stop improving?
But when Dan levels are used to advertise one's expertise, as a proxy for one's qualification as a teacher, it makes more sense to introduce a limit. Instead of Dan levels the organisation could also give instructors teaching certificates at different levels. In fact some organisations do exactly that.
German Karate Association for example conform to the certificate system of the German Olympic Sports Confederation, issuing C, B and A level teaching certificates for both competitive and recreational sports. Additionally, the German Karate Association offer specialised instructor courses for self-defence, karate for children, karate in the school system, and some others.
Good for them, and if you did benefit from their experience, also good for you. :)
One wonders what the philosophical reasoning is for the order of the balls in Snooker? It was invented by British soldiers in the late 1800s, so then must have been inspired by Christianity ...
... Or maybe they picked arbitrary colours and any attempt to retroactively attribute meaning based on the prevailing culture is ridiculous? :-)
Been away for a while reading old posts so I may be a little late on this one.
However, back in the day when i was learning snooker, we learnt a mneumonic to help us with the order of the balls on the table, Green, Brown, Yellow... GBY.. which was.... you guessed it ....... God Bless You
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text:
Hi-Rez Working on Sequel to Global Agenda
October 4, 2012 Randy Denosha General, Other MMOs 0
Hi-Rez Studios has quietly announced that the company has begun development on a sequel to Global Agenda. Currently title Global Agenda 2, the revelation came in a candid and honest post from the CEO and Janitorial Services of Hi-Rez Studios, Erez Goren.
In this announcement Goren discusses the problems that Global Agenda had/has and what the company has learned from its development. Knowledge that was successfully applied to Tribes: Ascend, although with its high skill ceiling it has become a niche game.
After sending out surveys and receiving overwhelming responses from players on what they want to see improved and how they would want to see it released, Hi-Rez decided to make Global Agenda 2 more PvP orientated. They are going to use a lot of the assets from Global Agenda while adding new maps, game modes and class weapons.
Hi-Rez expects Global Agenda 2, or whatever it may be called, to head to beta somewhere in the middle of 2013.
Full announcement after the cut.
As most of you know, GA has not received updates in a long time and the player base has significantly dwindled (probably an understatement).
After the release, we did expansions and added content frequently but the population still dropped and with it the revenue needed to keep adding more to the game.
Even though GA was not financially successful, we did learn a lot and tried to apply that knowledge to our new projects.
GA had/has a variety of issues but the biggest is that we tried to do too many things with it and no single mode was as good as it could be. We always said it was like a few games in one (PvP, AvA, Open Zones, Raids, Co-Op PvE)
We also learned a lot about developing content, performance optimization, balancing, patching, bots & cheats, f2p revenue models and more.
Tribes was our next effort, a much more focused game that got great reviews but requires such a high level of skill to play that makes it a very niche game. With Tribes we developed our PvP platform further which incorporates many important features including optimization for lower spec machines, anti-cheat detection, improved UI, server balancing, better patching, spectating, and much more.
The platform that started on GA evolved further with Tribes and with Smite which is currently in Beta.
So what does that mean for GA?
Several months ago we sent out Surveys and got responses about what players would like to see improved most in GA and how it should be released.
The majority of the responses were to release a new version of GA 'GA2' with a PvP focus and make that as good as possible.
So we are currently in the process of making that game. We will use a lot of the GA assets, some of the maps, and some of the game modes. We plan to add new maps, game modes, class weapons, and build it all on our newest platform.
We expect to start Beta testing GA2 (or whatever we end up calling it) by the middle of next year.
global agenda 2.
tribes ascend
tribes:ascend
Marvel Heroes Starting Closed Beta Registrations
Official: 2.7 Millions Units of Mists of Pandaria Sold During Launch Week


HarperCollins sent me an advance copy of The Uninvited Guests by Sadie Jones, and it took a while to find the time to sit down with it, what with all the library renovations, but after I did finally get a chance to start it, I finished the book in one sitting, really not what I was expecting.
I had just finished the first chapter when I noticed that Teresa at Shelf Love said it kept surprising her. So I sat down and proceeded to put some hints and clues together, starting with the way the adults in the novel treat the child–very much as the children who are about to go on a big adventure in Edwardian literature are treated–and ending with the way one of the uninvited guests begins to treat his hosts, with a gleeful disregard for how many polite conventions he is flouting. What did this add up to? Well, not what it turned out to be.
The introduction, if one pays attention, seems to promise what Ann Patchett's blurb gushes over: "at once a shimmering comedy of manners and a disturbing commentary on class." But even if the reader pays attention to all the disturbing undercurrents in this story, which opens in the early twentieth century with a plethora of conventions from novels written since 1811 (the beginning of the regency period of the reign of George IV), it's not easy to see where this story is going. Every time you think something conventional is about to happen—that the little girl is going to go on a big adventure, for instance—something slightly different happens.
The little girl, whose name is Imogen but everyone calls "Smudge," sneaks down to the stables during a dinner-party and takes her pony out. Rather than going somewhere with the pony, which is what I expected, she takes the pony up the stairs of the house and into her room so that she can draw his outline on the walls of her bedroom.
Dysfunctional as the family is, however, the actions of the uninvited guests cause them to pull together. Her reputation in tatters, the mother is not repudiated but stoutly defended, and she finally responds with cleverness and some stoutness of her own. The mess that's been made of the evening by the guests–who are not only uninvited but also so wholly unexpected that it's like they've dropped in from an entirely different novel—is tidied up by the family and their friends in an oddly conventional way.
"They had no bread and no eggs either, nothing but the heaped rashers, that were alternately crispy and juicy, wet with hot fat and gorgeously salty.
'We should keep hens,' said Emerald.
Charlotte gave a shrug and said, 'Oh, you know hens, they're so small-minded,' to which there was no sensible reply.
That's kind of like how I felt upon finishing this novel, to which there is no sensible reply, much less review. If you enjoy mash-ups of wildly disparate things, this one might be for you, and it's out in bookstores right now–just don't assume you know what's going on until the proper lady eats the bacon.
Bacon always has the last word.
very interesting. i'm intrigued by the way you describe the book as a mashup; I'm not sure how I'd feel about that. I guess I'd like to know if despite the twists and narrative conventions it still hangs together. i'll keep an eye out for it!
Yes–I would read it before the secrets get revealed, because it's more fun to discover them yourself.
I ordered it! Had to buy some gift certificates and then they tempted me with free shipping if… I keep seeing this everywhere.
It is a really odd book, isn't it? Fun to read but constantly turning itself on its head and in the end impossible to describe. You've done well at capturing the essence of it.
"Constantly turning itself on its head" captures something of the essence, too–it makes me realize how many scenes there are of someone slipping down the stairs!
I keep thinking this one is going to be very like 'The Little Stranger', but it seems perhaps it's weirder still?
More literally weird; probably less psychologically so. I still have that one on my shelf to be read.
Although doubtless it's that limp English bacon. Eleanor and I had some interesting sandwiches with bacon, brie, and cranberry in the lake country, but I prefer American bacon with a little bit of crunch to it.


text:
Chelforó es una localidad del departamento Avellaneda, en la provincia de  Río Negro, Argentina.

Se encuentra sobre la RN 22, en la costa norte del Río Negro.
Desde allí se accede por la RN 232 hacia la localidad de Gobernador Duval, provincia de la Pampa.

Población
Cuenta con , lo que representa un descenso del 13% frente a los  del censo anterior. La localidad llegó a tener 500 habitantes. En los últimos 20 años sufrió un despoblamiento, a raíz del descenso de flujo de transporte, a causa del deterioro de la RN 232.
Al deterioro de la mencionada ruta debe sumársele la privatización de Ferrocarriles Argentinos, y Gas del Estado, en la década del `90, que fue el golpe más duro que debió afrontar esta localidad ya que estas empresas nacionales ocupaban a casi la mayoría de la población.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Coord. geográficas + imágenes NASA y Google

 https://www.facebook.com/Chelforo-Servicios-869279739923610/?modal=admin_todo_tour

Localidades rurales de Río Negro (Argentina)
Comisiones de fomento de Río Negro
Localidades del departamento Avellaneda (Río Negro)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A free art demonstration by award-winning artist, Milly Sheffer will be held at the Appleton Museum of Art, 4333 E. Silver Springs Blvd., Ocala, FL 34470-5001 in the upstairs library, on Wednesday, February 13, from 12 noon – 2 pm.
Milly Sheffer is an artist working primarily in oils, but she has worked extensively in watercolor as well. She uses a brush or palette knife, prefers to work quickly and her work is primarily ala prima (completed in one session.) She uses strong brushstrokes, pure color, pronounced texture, a mix of pattern, accents of bold line, and the blending of colors on the canvas; rather than on her palette.
She has won numerous awards in both regional and national exhibitions, with many one and two-person shows. Some of her work can be viewed in corporate and private collections or on her website: millysheffer.com As an experienced teacher of drawing, painting and portraiture, she will begin teaching classes in February at the Brick City Center for the Arts in Ocala. Although she began painting at a young age, she has an Art degree from Wheaton College and took classes at The Art Institute of Chicago and Syracuse University. She has worked with numerous acclaimed artists such as Hugo Grenville while on a trip to the United Kingdom.
We welcome those interested in learning from this great artist to come and sit in while she creates beautiful art. There is a small fee to enter the Appleton Museum (352) 352-291-4455 For more information on this demo, please contact Rich Woy at (352) 598-9069.or visit our website: OcalaArtGroup.org or find us on facebook.com/groups/ocalaartgroup.


We are pleased to announce that Comtek Network Systems has been shortlisted for the The Corporate Citizenship Award at this year's National Business Awards.
Going up against companies such as Barclays, Marks & Spencers and Virgin Media we will compete for the prestigious award, with the winner being revealed at the National Business Awards gala dinner held on 12 November in London.
Highlighting the role of the private sector in addressing social challenges, and improving the communities in which they operate, the Corporate Citizenship Award will recognise those demonstrating the greatest impact on quality of life, economic prosperity or regeneration through direct investment, pro bono work or employee led initiatives. This Award also seeks to demonstrate the link between corporate citizenship and commercial success.
Over 150 of Britain's leading businesses, business leaders and social enterprises have been revealed as finalists for the 2013 National Business Awards. The finalists announced represent 15 categories including the Croner Employer of the Year, the Smith & Williamson Entrepreneur of the Year and Santander Small to Medium-Sized Business of the Year. The Leader of the Year finalists and Decade of Excellence winner will be announced over the coming months.
Visit www.nationalbusinessawards.co.uk/finalists for a full list of all finalists and to book a table at the event.


 CHARLIE RICH ~ THAT'S RICH. CHARLY CPCD 8146.
CHARLIE RICH ~ THAT'S RICH. CHARLY CPCD 8146.
30 ORIGINAL SUN / PHILLIPS INTERNATIONAL RECORDINGS.
TRACK LISTING: Whirlwind / Lonely Weekends / Rebound / Philadelphia Baby / Break Up / School Days / Juanita / Big Man / Easy Money / C.C. Rider / Gonna Be Waitin' / Everything I Do Is Wrong / On My Knees / Stay / Who Will The Next Fool Be / Caught In The Middle / Just A Little Bit Sweet / It's Too Late / Now Everybody Knows / Midnite Blues / Sittin' And Thinkin' / Finally Found Out / There's Another Place I Can't Go / I Need Your Love / It Hurts Me So / My Baby's Done Left Me / Juicehead Baby / Ways Of A Woman In Love / Blue Suede Shoes / Charlie's Boogie.