"It's easy to play any musical instrument, all you have to do is touch the right key at the right time and the instrument will play itself." – Johann S. Bach.
One of the youngest and greatest composer musicians ever was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He could play tunes on the piano at aged three and began composing when he was merely four years old.
Are we all born with a 'musical gift' or just a select few? Is talent a gift at birth or something we acquire over time?
For most of us, I suspect, whatever gifts or talents we were born with still requires fine-tuning.
Why early exposure to a musical instrument is key to a child's development?
We've all heard of the Mozart effect, which demonstrates the incalculable positive benefits of a child's early exposure to music.
With a plethora of musical instruments at their disposal, perhaps the key to their musical career is exposure.
Allow them to follow their hearts and inclinations. Normally, it will lead them in the right direction.
I would recommend private tutoring or online lessons to keep the child engaged.
However, the parent's presence, participation and praise is paramount to the child's progress.
Drums are a great way to for children to learn rhythm and vent their frustrations at the same time.
A mini 5-piece drum set is recommended for kids too small for the full size, and ear-plugs for parents who cannot tolerate their practice.
Unlike the drums, the ukelele is a relatively quiet instrument, so that your child's practice can indeed become music to your ears. Learning new chords and songs can be a funfilled experience resulting in countless hours of pleasure and enjoyment for all.
The violin, it is said, is the one instrument that best resembles the human voice. It is ideal for children under the age of six because of its very small size and easy handling. Countless violinists have mastered the instrument over the years but perhaps the greatest ever was Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840) who played very difficult pieces on a single string.
These are probably the best instruments for children to begin, even from birth, according to the experts.
The piano was the starting point for composers such as Mozart and Beethoven who became world famous classical music icons.
The keyboard is an electronic version of the piano and both instruments are great for learning music fundamentals and a stepping stone to other instruments.
A great introduction to stringed instruments for kids on their musical journey is the guitar. There are many variations of this instrument but the two main categories are acoustic and electric. Jimmy Hendrix (blues), Les Paul (Jazz, country) and Andres Segovia (classical) are just a few famous guitarists who started at a very early age.
The Recorder can be described as a fun instrument, ideal for young children due to its small size and flexibility. The recorder can serve as a great introduction to the woodwind family, whose other members include the flute, clarinet and saxophone.
Perhaps the best word to describe the Saxophone is versatility. Coming in a number of different sizes and genres, the saxophone is one of the most popular instruments among students. Whether you're a Rock, Jazz, Blues or R&B lover, you'll find saxophonists are in great demand.
In conclusion, could your child be the next Mozart or Beethoven?
Perhaps not…but what is a home without music?
Consider the countless hours of sheer bliss you may have missed.
The joy is in the journey. Celebrate small achievements. Be patient and proactive.
Remember, your presence, participation and praise is paramount to the child's progress.
Any comments, constructive criticisms and suggestion are greatly appreciated.
Does it really affect your mood, attitude?
Is it also good for your health, happiness and well-being?
The first benefit that comes to mind is that singing, like laughing, is a mood enhancer. It changes your perspective, brightens an otherwise dull day and gives you a sense of assurance and well-being.
Of course, a lot depends on the genre of music, lyrics and melody. Researches at University Of Missouri found that people who listened to (or sang) upbeat, cheerful music at least 1/2 hour a day, had a greater level of happiness than those who did not.
Ever thought of singing as a great way to exercise? Singing is not only beneficial to the lungs, it also expands the diaphragm and increases overall circulation of oxygen throughout the body.
Additionally, studies have shown that singing actually improves your quality of sleep and reduces snoring.
improving posture and mental alertness.
Perhaps you feel that singing in a choir is not your cup of tea because you cannot sing in tune.
Actually, group singing is also beneficial to your health and well-being.
In Bible times, David, who became King Of Israel was a prolific songwriter and singer.
As a Shepherd boy, he was invited to play his instrument – a harp – before King Saul to soothe his troubled spirit.
David's music was Saul's medicine. It brought healing and comfort and a sense of well-being.
We're all in the business of health and wholeness, so why wait for the ideal circumstances to sing?
Sing in the rain, car, shower or anywhere you can. However, if you have a voice that can be described as bombastic, rather than fantastic, just keep the volume down so as not to annoy the neighbors. Whereas singing may actually prolong your life, annoying the neighbors may actually shorten it.
Of course, musical instruments like a guitar or piano are often very helpful as accompaniments, but nothing can compare with the beauty of the human voice.
Still, if your voice is a little off key, it may just need a little fine tuning.
Singorama 2.0 is your all-in one on-line Essential Guide To Singing.
Can anyone learn to sing? You bet!
Whether you goal is to impress your friends or family, sing in groups or professionally, Singorama is a great way to excel.
Singorama provides singing and vocal lessons, tips and exercises including a coach to guide you each step of the way.
With its full 60-day money back guarantee, what do you have to lose?
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"I'm so impressed with the versatility of Singaroma. It is made for beginners and advanced singers alike… Thank you so much for bringing back my joy in singing." – Jennifer Punt, US.
So, why not put the joy back in your singing and improve your health and well-being?
Then you can add you testimonial to those satisfied customers above.
Your questions, comments, constructive criticism or suggestions are welcomed and will be greatly appreciated.
In today's world, information on any subject matter is just a 'click' away.
When it comes to Online Classical Guitar Instruction, there is no exception.
The number of books, blogs or videos available online can be overwhelming.
So how do we meander through the maze of classical guitar instruction, taking away the mystique and making the most meaniful choice?
So what are some features of an Online Classical Guitar Course which separates the men from the boys?
Hopefully, this review of Classical Guitar Shed – "the Woodshed" – will, pardon the pun, shed some light on these questions, allowing the reader to make the best decision possible.
Price: $49.00 mth / $399.00 yr.
Classical Guitar Shed ("The Woodshed") is a methodical approach to mastering the classical guitar. Served in bite-size portions, the Woodshed starts at very basics and guides you through the what, why's and how of guitar practice. Built on the three key pillars of technique, reading and patterns, the Program progressively enhances your crucial skills set.
The theme of Classical Guitar Shed is "play beautifully," and, as a student of the program, I can truthfully say that learning and fun go hand-in-hand.
Whereas the Program does not promise to turn you into a Julian Bream overnight, it will turn your classical guitar practice into an enjoyable experience.
As owner and instructor, Allen Mathews is well qualified for the purpose for which he has been called. In addition to holding a B.A.degree in classical guitar performance Allen has coached and taught privately for over 15 years both in the US and Brazil. A faculty member of Reed College and Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregan, Allen has studied with some of the best in the business. Consequently he brings a different perspective which, as a musician and guitarist, distinguishes him from the others.
Who is Classical Guitar Shed For?
Who is Classical Guitar Shed not for ?
Is the Woodshed For You?
Detailed Practise Log with bench-marks included to keep you organised.
Complete satisfaction or a full refund plus a free course once you notify CGS within 30-days after signing up.
Enormously prolific, music wasn't just his passion, it was his life.
Otherwise, how was it possible for him to compose over 600 chamber and concert pieces in just thirty-five years?
However, the following is just a sampling of some of his greatest works – music you must hear music before you die.
Once you hear them I'm sure you will agree.
symphony and string quartet compositions.
What was Mozart's favorite instrument?
In addition to the piano, this extremely talented Austrian composer played other instruments, including the viola.
Still, to Mozart, the organ was "the king of instruments.".
Can exposure to classical music improve one's overall health and well-being?
These theories were tested through experiments published in Nature – a premier journal for scientific research.
Additionally, Don Campbell, author of The Mozart Effect, highlighted some of the research and findings.
So overwhelming was the evidence that schools in Georgia have adopted to put a classical music CD in every child's hand.
Studies have shown that the best music for relaxation and stress relief is instrumental music.
Mozart's CD, Classical Relax Music, is just what the doctor ordered.
Over ninety-minutes of delightful piano music accompanied by a symphony orchestra and the soothing sounds of nature in the background, this is pure bliss.
Is your child inattentive or lacking concentration?
Mozart's piano Music for Kids is worth its weight in gold.
The two hours of quiet relaxing music is ideal for school settings, study, home, or any learning environment.
Mozart died even as he lived, composing music.
In fact, Mozart's Requiem, which he began on his deathbed, was played at Haydn's funeral in 1809.
Although the cause of his death remains a mystery, he is remembered as one of the greatest musicians ever.
Any questions, comments, or suggestions will be greatly appreciated.
Sources : Classic fm, Redlands Symphony, Wikipedia.
The number of kids and teens taking music courses online has increased tremendously in recent years thanks to the new technology. Kids beginning Music Courses are now taking advantage of You-Tube channels which facilitates learning at their own pace and schedule.
But why should children take a music course?
Why learn to play a musical Instrument?
Apart from just another hobby, any beginner music course should, first of all, be fun.
Secondly, there are distinct social and psychological advantages to be gained from learning an instrument.
Learning music at an early age generally perform better in the Arts, Maths and sciences.
These benefits alone, which are priceless, would surely be worth any investment of time or resources in any child's development.
..The first online beginner's guitar course designed especially for kids and teens.
The Kids Guitar Academy Beginners' Guitar Course is a high premium quality course which has the benefit of over twenty years' professional training and experience.
Rather than searching random You-tube videos, kids learn the guitar much more quickly by following the course's organized step-by-step format.
Easy access to the student helpline for additional support.
50+ supplemental mp3 & .pdf downloads.
All new lessons and course updates including free access to the course for a lifetime.
–Charles Walker, the Charles Walker Band.
Any questions or comments would be greatly appreciated.
Want to know how to turn your passion into profit?
Imagine, if you can, life without music.
Never mind – it's unimaginable.
So music has always been around and, indeed, every day we're bombarded with music.
But what about rhythm? In it's simplest form, rhythm is the regular recurrence of anything in motion.
So, if your walking, talking, jogging or just listening to your heartbeat – you've got a rhythm. And any sound coming from that activity is indeed – music.
So if music is the rhythm of life then rhythm must be its soul.
Can Music Also Save Lives?
Ask Alice Herz- Sommer, the inspirational Jewish and Holocaust survivor, whose life was a testimony to the power of music.
Alice became passionate about the piano from an early age of life.
Imprisoned in one of Hitler's concentration camps, her life was spared because she was a musician. She played or took part in over 100 concerts and performed all of Chopin's Etudes from memory.
Alice took up residence, after the war in Israel, where former Prime Minister, Golda Meir, Authur and Leonard Bernstein attended her house concerts. Later, towards the end of her life, Alice moved to an apartment in London, thoroughly enjoying life and practicing her piano every day.
Alice died at the age of 110, and was, in fact, the oldest Holocaust survivor at the time of her death in 2014.
If music is the rhythm of Life – which genre is the most beneficial?
Every genre of music has some benefits. Hence, it is important to listen to all genres.
For example, listening to jazz music, especially with the sounds of nature in the background, can be very soothing.
A Cambridge University Research group study found that listening to RAP music may help to fight depression.
Rock or Pop music can actually increase physical endurance, according to a 2009 study whereas country music lovers experience more joy.
However, researchers at USC found that classical music, lowered systolic blood pressure levels, more than any other genre or no music at all.
In addition, listening to certain favorites by composers like Mozart, Bach, Brahm has been described as "Brain Food." In fact, studies have shown that classical music is indeed the best music for retention, relaxation and stress relief.
Beginners Rhythm Food Guide 101.
Be warned, however, that we're NOT counting calories.
Still, the chart may yet create hunger pangs.
Imagine – if you will – a man playing piano in the middle of a train station in Paris. True story.
Already he is attracting attention as persons from many countries pause between their travels. Along comes another musician sits next to him and starts playing in unison without speaking a word. The breathtaking performance of the artists along with the rhymic music is a crowd pleaser.
Soon we have a live audience, nodding their heads and clapping their hands in applause and appreciation.
That's why music is called a universal language – it crosses cultural and racial barriers and unifies all nationalities together as one.
Indeed, music is the magnet that connects us all.
Music is also the universal language which we all speak.
..And the beat goes on.
Are you missing a beat?
Perhaps music can restore the rhythm.
Any questions, comments or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Graphics Courtesy NickReedent.com, Classic fm.
Could working at home and earning from it be the life you want?
Does Playing Musical Instrument Make You Smarter?
Or do only smarter people play a musical instrument?
The brain is the most amazing and complex organ in the human body. Neurologists are still trying to find out exactly how it works.
What they do know – thanks to neuro-imaging technology – is that playing a musical instrument requires some unique mental gymnastics. Neurologists also determined that playing a musical instrument encompasses almost all areas of the brain.
The more difficult the piece of music, the more adaptable the brain becomes with processing the information. That newly acquired ability can then be translated to other non-musical activities.
Perhaps this explains why musicians score higher than non-musicians in many other disciplines as well.
The question still remains, however, whether playing an instrument makes you smarter, or do only smarter people play a musical instrument?
Heard about the Harmony Project? Based in Los Angeles, it is a non-profit organization that provides free music education to children in poor and gang-related neighborhoods.
Amazingly, students from this school were defying all odds, heading directly into UCLA and other notable universities after graduating high school.
This startling discovery by the Project founder prompted Researchers at the Northwestern University to investigate.
In their research, 44 students were tracked over a two-year period, as they learned to play an instrument. There were also before and after IQ test as well as other measurements of success.
Results showed clear evidence of measurable changes in the brain.
Researchers concluded that these changes were caused by the students' musical training which, in turn, allowed the students to more readily process sound.
That increased ability also translated into the students' proficiency in reading and fluency in speaking.
Current US President Donald Trump tops the list of musical Presidents. Trump, I understand, plays the accordion.
Other former musically minded Presidents of the modern era are Bill Clinton who plays the saxophone and Barak Obama who sings.
He was the 3rd US President who also drafted the Declaration Of Independence.
As sixth President Of The United States, he formulated the Munroe Doctrine.
John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) played the flute.
This sixteenth President of the US issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
Abraham Lincoln (1809 – 1865) played the violin.
As the 30th President was credited with preserving America's old moral and economic principles.
Calvin Calvin Coolidge (1872 – 1933) played the harmonica.
"I played every instrument but the slide trombone and the E-flat Cornet," he once said.
However, despite his musical acumen, he has been described as one of the worst Presidents due to the various scandals which plagued him.
Of course, many other famous Presidents who played musical instruments have been excluded in the interest of time and brevity.
In looking at the evidence, however, one must conclude that most of the Presidents who played an instrument also achieved much success during their tenures in office.
Your kind comments, questions and suggestions are greatly appreciated.
Sources: World Journalism Institute, Summer, 2018.
Is Classical music missing a beat?
Has the music of Brach, Brahms & Beethoven become alien to the under 40-generation?
At one time, perhaps, but no longer. Not since the birth of the internet and you-tube generation.
For classical music lovers, the internet is the dawning of the golden age.
There was a time when classical music was considered a dead or dying genre.
In fact, its disappearance from the television and other media between 1980 – 2000 gave some credence to this belief.
Internet browsing has made classical music more accessible to all.
Digital sales are now the wave of the future due to lower marketing costs.
The role of technology and the Internet on classical music.
Technology has brought a new excitement to music audiences like never before.
The compelling videos create an appreciation and empathy for the artist and an appetite which is not easily appeased.
Many musicians, for example, now engage audiences through interactive websites, promote live performances and their new recordings. People return for more information, give an opinion or comment.
London's classical music lovers were given the treat of a lifetime recently.
Toddlers, teenagers, and even seniors came out in droves to see the charismatic 28-year-old Gustavo Dudamel conduct the 120-strong Venezuela's Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra.
And the conductor – the dynamic, charismatic, 28-year old Venezuelan virtuoso Gustavo Dudamel. No disappointment here. In fact, after the playing of Tchaikovsky's 4th symphony, the audience brought the house down. They raised the roof with their applause and flung their colorful jackets into the crowd with excitement and exuberance.
Enter the You-Tube-Symphony Orchestra – composing 96 musicians from all around the globe.
Their primary meeting and auditioning place – the internet.
Yet, after only 2 days of rehearsals in person, their concert at Carnegie Hall was sold-out.
The under- 40 generation have embraced the new technology with open arms.
The production and presentation of classical music through the internet have bred new life into a dying genre.
A younger generation like Mr. Dudamel and Chinese pianist Lang Lang are seizing the batons and running.
Their ways of communication are fresh, engaging and often surprising when contrasted with traditional methods.
I love to hear from my readers so please let know if this article has helped you in any way.
Your questions, comments, or constructive criticisms are greatly appreciated.
To Build Your Own Free Website, please click here.
Accompanied by the superb London Philharmonic Orchestra, this is a fantastic collection of children's classic stories put to music. Highly recommended for kids of all ages, these stories come to life in an uplifting, entertaining and educational environment.
All CD's come with a 24-page activity book.
Peter, a young boy, decides to disobey his parents and climb over a garden wall. Lo and behold – behind the wall he encounters a wolf and the drama begins. Thanks to some friends – a bird, cat, and dog – however, he was able to capture the wolf and return it to the zoo.
The London Philharmonic Orchestra, Grammy-nominated conductor Stephen Simon as well as narrator Yada combine to make Peter & The Wolf a magical listening experience.
The Peter & The Wolf CD, as with all CD's, can be purchased separately at the very economical price of $16.98, inclusive of activity book and free shipping.
Clara receives a nutcracker for Christmas and wonderful things begin to happen. The Nutcracker is considered one the world's most famous ballet and is sure to delight the young, and not-so-young alike.
This is a classic, enchanting story of a prince who falls in love with a beautiful princess. However, an evil magician casts a spell on the princess which turns her into a swan. Only by proving his true love for the princess can the spell be broken.
Casey At The Bat and highly entertaining Tortoise and the Hare.
All CD's can be purchased separately at https://www.maestroclassics.com for the price of $16.98, including a 24-page activity booklet along plus free shipping.
For the more tech-savvy, among us, this collection is also available in Mp3 format at the price of $9.98 each, for all computer and mobile devices.
Alternatively, the entire collection in Mp3 format is also available for the reduced price of $99.98, $10.00 off the regular 13 mp-3 collections.
The 24-page activity booklet in PDF format is also included with the download.
the composer's biography and a sing/dance along track.
Rave customer reviews have been abundant.
One teacher found them ideal for classroom, rainy days at home and car rides.
endorsed this amazing music collection.
Want To Build Your Own Successful Business Online? Click Here.
admin on Does Playing Musical Instrument Make You Smarter?


Shopping for waterfront properties? Make sure you consider these key points.
When it comes to purchasing waterfront property, it's tempting to jump right in. It's not hard to see why, as the idea of living on the water sounds like paradise. However, there are some important considerations you need to make before sealing the deal.
If you're thinking about purchasing one of the houses for sale in Royal Palm Yacht & Country Club's community, take some time to consider these five important points.
When it comes to waterfront properties, it's important to be aware of the ins and outs of maintenance. When considering a potential home, ask your agent about what needs to be done in order to keep the property up and running. What tasks are required? This can vary in each and every home, so look into the specifics for that property.
Coverage for waterfront properties can be expensive and intricate, so we recommend looking into this. Interested buyers should be familiar with the complete scope of the house and all that it entails.
Consider cost, and look into the area's local laws and requirements for insuring waterfront properties. Due to the weather and environmental conditions in Florida, homeowners need to have a wind policy, flood policy, and general hazard policy. All these help to keep you and your property secure, covered and protected.
Many people choose a waterfront property in order to live a boat-centric lifestyle. Potential buyers should inquire about the available boat storage and access. Is it directly attached to your home, or is it in a community common area? Depending on your personal preferences, you might favor one option over the other.
It's common for waterfront properties to be part of a homeowners association. There are a wide array of benefits that come along with being part of an HOA, but they also bring about many different responsibilities.
Inquire about the different upkeep and maintenance requirements as well as the costs and fees. It's a good idea to review the HOA conditions, rules, and restrictions. To find out more about your new association, talk to the HOA management and ask any other questions you may have. When it comes to joining a new homeowners association, clarity is key.
Choosing an experienced agent is imperative in purchasing a waterfront property. You need to make sure you're dealing with someone who is an expert in the local waterfront property industry, especially in a hot market like Boca Raton real estate.
Aside from knowledge and experience, you'll want to find an agent that you trust and with whom you easily get along. Your agent will be your most important asset during the entire home buying process, acting as your guide to navigating the local market.
If you're interested in living near the waterfront and purchasing one of the Royal Palm properties in Boca Raton, don't hesitate to contact us today! It would be our pleasure to help you with your home buying journey.
Waterfront estate listed for sale by Royal Palm Properties for $12,250,000.


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Q: Can boost Pointer Container Library be used as thread safe container collection? Can we use boost Pointer Container Library to keep an array of strings winth thread safe push and pop and all such operations?

A: No, as far as thread safety goes the same rules apply to the pointer container library and the standard C++ library containers. They're both safe for simultaneous read access from different threads but must be protected by mutexes to prevent simultaneous write access.
This is because the containers in the pointer container library simply use an underlying container_type<void*> of the corresponding standard container to store the objects. For instance, boost::ptr_vector uses an std::vector<void*>.

A: No is the answer. And now I have to make the answer last 30 characters when two would suffice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
About Jumping Amsterdam
Live stream with English commentary
Novotel Jumpertjes Children morning
Starting orders
You are here: Home / The world's best riders will attend Jumping Amsterdam
The world's best riders will attend Jumping Amsterdam
RAI Amsterdam is the stage for two World Cup competitions
AMSTERDAM – Jumping Amsterdam will host top of the world of the dressage and show jumping riders. They will compete in RAI Amsterdam for important World Cup points on their way to the Las Vegas finals. On Saturday afternoon, the Freestyle to Music is the dressage highlight. On Sunday afternoon RAI is fully packed with show jumping enthusiasts for the Longines FEI Jumping World Cup™. However, Jumping Amsterdam has even more to offer.
Jumping Amsterdam is the eighth out of eleven European competitions of the FEI Dressage World Cup™. Emmelie Scholtens has won the seventh show in Mechelen and is, together with her stallion Desperado N.O.P., one of the favorites in Amsterdam. She gets fierce competition from Hans Peter Minderhoud, who is the best Dutchman in the current standings. Minderhoud competes with his stallion GLOCK's Dream Boy. Edward Gal and Anne Meulendijks, together with Scholtens and Minderhoud member of the silver Dutch EC team, bring their best horses to the capital of the Netherlands. The fifth Dutch starting place is for Adelinde Cornelissen.
The riders of TeamNL have competition of, among others, the German number 1 of the world and reigning World Cup Champion, Isabell Werth Рmultiple winner in the RAI. Her fellow countrymen and women Helen Langehanenberg Рcurrently number 3 -, Jessica von Bredow-Werndl Рnumber 6 Рand Șnke Rothenberger are also present in the RAI. The British multi-champion Charlotte Dujardin is certainly one of the favorites for the victory. Her compatriot Charlotte Fry, who is based in Den Hout in Brabant (NL), is the rising star and will have a lot of fans in Amsterdam.
The dressage riders will compete in the Grand Prix on Friday and the Freestyle to Music on Saturday afternoon.
Maikel van der Vleuten is – after his victory in the World Cup of La Coruna – the best Dutchman in the standingsof the West European League, with good prospects of participating in the final in Las Vegas. Marc Houtzager has also been performing very well this season. They will be joined by Harrie Smolders, Willem Greve, Bart Bles, Jeroen Dubbeldam, Leopold van Asten and Doron Kuipers on Sunday afternoon in the Longines FEI Jumping World Cup™ presented by RAI Amsterdam, the main event of Jumping Amsterdam 2020.
On Saturday evening also Jur Vrieling, Eric van der Vleuten and Gerco Schröder will start in the Grand Prix of Amsterdam. A strong Dutch delegation will be watched carefully by national coach Rob Ehrens on the road to the Tokyo Olympic Games. Thanks to a strong international field of participants, it will become clear if TeamNL is a squad to be reckoned with at the Olympics. Steve Guerdat, leader in the World Cup ranking and number 2 of the current standings, will be present in Amsterdam, just like the Belgian top riders with like Pieter Devos, the current number 6 in the world. From Germany we see the number 3 of the world Daniel Deusser and Marcus Ehning.
Top sport at five star level
Irene Verheul sports director: "We have worked extremely hard in recent years to raise the bar even more. With the outcomes of the current field of riders, I can only be proud. This guarantees top sport! Add in the atmosphere and passion of our audience, combined with the Amsterdam ambience and you have the complete package!"
Paul Riemens, CEO of RAI Amsterdam and also Chairman of the Board of Jumping Amsterdam: "In the four years that I have been able to experience Jumping Amsterdam up close, I have seen the event grow into a five-star competition. We look forward to four days of top sport, show and entertainment. This edition we expect to welcome more visitors than ever. One thing is certain; RAI Amsterdam is ready."
Para-dressage
In addition to top sport, there is also room for recreational sport and para-dressage. With Tokyo in sight, it is an important year for TeamNL's best Para-dressage riders. In RAI, the competition for KNHS Witte Van Moort Para-Dressage Trophy is an important selection moment for the Paralympic Games. On Friday morning, multiple champions Nicole den Dulk, Rixt van der Horst, Frank Hosmar and KNHS Talent team member Maud de Reu are amongst the participants.
KNHS Talent of the Year
Who will succeed jumping rider Kevin Jochems as KNHS Talent of the Year? Saturday afternoon the reveal has been a part of the Jumping Amsterdam program for years. Prior to the presentation, Anky van Grunsven and coach of the Dutch National team Rob Ehrens talk about the KNHS Talent Plan and answer questions from the crowd.
Young riders get plenty of attention in the program. On Sunday morning, the Novotel Jumpertjes children's morning is a first time for many young enthusiasts. They are able to ride in the international ring and get in touch with the world-class riders with whom they ride a relay race. Dutch celebrity Britt Dekker is also there with her beautiful white stallion George.
Jumping Amsterdam 2020 program
11 am FEI Dressage World Cup ™ Grand Prix
12.15 pm FEI Dressage World Cup ™ Freestyle to Music
9.15 pm Anemone Horse Trucks Grand Prix of Amsterdam powered by Stoeterij Sterrehof, jumping 1.60m with jump-off
3.15 pm Longines FEI Jumping World Cup ™ presented by RAI Amsterdam 1.60 m with jump-off
Click herefor the full program
15/01/2020 /by Annemarike Van Putten
https://www.jumpingamsterdam.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/48997082543_239976a3df_k.jpg 1365 2047 Annemarike Van Putten https://www.jumpingamsterdam.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/JumpingLogo2022-1.png Annemarike Van Putten2020-01-15 21:32:192020-01-17 16:20:29The world's best riders will attend Jumping Amsterdam
Super Steve Guerdat posts Swiss victory at Basel Impressive field of competitors in the subtop during Jumping Amsterdam

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Building a Crossing Tower: a design for Rouen Cathedral of 1516, by Costanza Beltrami, Paul Holberton publishing, 2016, 135 pages, 97 black and white and colour illustrations, paperback.
The sum total of all surviving medieval gothic architectural drawings is no more than 600, of which barely 15 remain from all gothic France. The discovery in 2014 of a previously unknown drawing of a gothic tower with an immense, soaring spire was therefore an unusual event. The drawing, which is an impressive 3.5 metres in height, corresponds to no surviving gothic tower, and bears no signature or identifying title. What is also extraordinary is the top-down perspective from which the tower is represented, something that is not paralleled in any other medieval drawing.
The drawing is the subject of this absorbing book, in course of which Costanza Beltrami's diligent research has enabled her to reveal its date, subject and probable designer. Moreover, she provides a wealth of fascinating information about the political and civic context in which the project was devised and the practice of late gothic architects. It concerns the final phase of the gothic style, known in France as the style Flamboyant, shortly before it was displaced by renaissance classicism.
The churches, chateaux and town halls of this period are not well known in Britain, but they represent some of the most thrilling architectural creations of the late middle ages in Europe, of which the drawing is a supreme example. The tower as depicted is a kind of fantasy, bristling with pinnacles, gargoyles and statues, and smothered in floral decoration, its spindly structure appearing to defy gravity. The book begins with a series of huge double-spread enlargements of sections of the drawing, which emphasise the compelling power of the design.
By extraordinarily good fortune, Beltrami has been able to attribute the drawing to Rouen Cathedral on the basis of surviving Chapter minutes. These record that following the destruction of an earlier crossing tower by fire in 1514, the cathedral canons held a competition for a replacement. Unsure which scheme to select, the Chapter sought advice from artisans and local citizens, eventually deciding on a compromise by which the ruined tower stonework would be repaired and finished off with a timber spire. This instruction, however, was ignored by the cathedral architect Roulland le Roux, who proceeded to build a stone tower to his own design.
When in due course this was found out, he claimed that his action was for the good of the cathedral. Another hiatus followed, with a new drawing produced by Roulland showing his intended design at first being accepted by the Chapter and then later rejected. The partially-built tower was duly capped off until it was completed 40 years later in the renaissance style. On the basis of the Chapter minutes, which are included as an appendix to the book, Beltrami has argued convincingly that the tower drawing is the one which Roulland submitted to the Chapter, and that its visionary character was intended to overcome the canons' reluctance to permit him to continue.
To give context to this tale of intrigue and cultural ambition, Beltrami examines the use of architectural drawings in medieval Europe, the role of architects and craftsmen, and the commissioning process and associated political infighting. Written in a clear and engaging style, and beautifully illustrated with other comparable late-gothic drawings and buildings that are also little known, Building a Crossing Tower is a fascinating and informative book.
This article originally appeared as 'Flamboyant fantasy' in IHBC's Context 155, published in July 2018. It was written by Peter de Figueiredo, heritage Consultant.


text:
303 F. 2d 692 - Compania Anonima Venezolana De Navegacion v. Aj Perez Export Company
303 F2d 692 Compania Anonima Venezolana De Navegacion v. Aj Perez Export Company
COMPANIA ANONIMA VENEZOLANA DE NAVEGACION (Venezuelan Line), Appellant,
A.J. PEREZ EXPORT COMPANY, etc., and Tyler Refrigeration
Corporation,Appellees.
United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.
May 30, 1962, Rehearing Denied July 17, 1962.
James J. Morrison, Gloria Irvine, New Orleans, La., for appellant.
Raymond H. Kierr, Samuel C. Gainsburgh, Kierr & Gainsburgh, New Orleans, La., for appellees.
Before RIVES, BROWN, and WISDOM, Circuit Judges.
JOHN R. BROWN, Circuit Judge.
While the case ostensibly presents the question whether a common carrier by water may ever estop itself by inequitable conduct from exacting the full measure of the shipper's obligation to pay tariff charges, the true nature shows it to be something quite different. What it really is, is a contest of equities, not between the carrier and a shipper, but between a subrogee of a carrier and that shipper. Without quite putting the case in these terms, the trial Court in two consolidated admiralty libels held in favor of the Shipper. Doing so, the Court denied recovery of freight charges claimed in the name of the Carrier, but actually sought by a berth agent (in the Carrier's name) to reimburse itself for freight uncollected from a Freight Forwarder and made good to the Carrier pursuant to the credit guarantee in the agency agreement. We affirm.
If there ever were a case in which fact findings of the trial Judge should be accorded the great respect required by the clearly erroneous concept of the Civil Rules, now incrusted on the hull of maritime jurisprudence, O/Y Finlayson-Forssa A/B v. Pan Atlantic S.S. Corp., 5 Cir., 1958, 259 F.2d 11, 13, 1958 A.M.C. 2070; Myles v. Quinn Menhaden Fisheries, Inc., 5 Cir., 1962, 302 F.2d 146, this it is. A reading of this record is convincing that impressions were annealed, and irrevocably so, 'through the hammering, heating process of vigorous, running advocacy'1 in which the star witness for the Carrier was pretty generally discredited as he continued his testimony over the course of a year and a half.2 Consequently, we accept all credibility choices. We reject none of them. Our differences, such as they are, concern the legal significance of facts.
At the outset, this is not the case of the Shipper3 not making a payment of the full amount of tariff freight charges. It is therefore not one in which anyone wants, or gets, a free ride. The trouble came from the fact that all of the ocean freight charges sought here4 were paid in advance by the Shipper to the Freight Forwarder5 acting for the Shipper. The Freight Forwarder did not, however, remit the funds to the local Agent6 of the Carrier7 as it had bound itself to do both as agent of the Shipper and also pursuant to so-called 'Due Bills' under which possession of the original signed bills of lading was released by the Carrier to the Freight Forwarder against the Forwarder's promise to pay freight charges within three days (or return the ladings). This credit had been extended, not by the Carrier, but by the Agent. The Carrier was not altogether blameless, for despite its tariff and bill of lading provisions requiring payment for freight without credit, it had taken the precaution of subjecting the Agent to an express guarantee.8
For many months the Agent treated this as a liability of the Freight Forwarder alone. The Agent did not even advise the Shipper of nonpayment of freight until the very eve of its own payment to the Carrier under its credit guarantee (note 8, supra). By that time, the Freight Forwarder was defunct, at least financially so. In remitting the full amount of the freight charges to the Carrier under its guarantee, the Agent Made no reservation of rights. It was not until a month later that the Agent, through correspondence with the Carrier, attemped to give this remittance the character of an 'advance' rather than a payment.9 Even then the Agent was reiterating that the debt was due it by the Freight Forwarder.10
Of course it makes a lot of difference whether this is really a suit by the Carrier. If it is a suit by the Carrier, we can assume that by virtue of its filed tariffs expressly incorporating its bill of lading contract, conduct by the Carrier-- no matter how inequitablecannot excuse it from enforcing collection of freight, nor can harm innocently suffered by the Shipper-- occasioned by the wrongdoing of another (the Agent)-- excuse it from paying the Carrier even though this means payment twice. That would follow from the rigorous policy which, to prohibit not only discrimination but the possibility of it,11 gives to carrier tariffs the force of law.12
The force of the District Court's findings, and for that matter the uncontradicted evidence, shows that the one seeking recovery is not the Carrier. The libel, to be sure, is brought in its name, but the real party in interest is the Agent. Both under accepted admiralty practice and that required under F.R.Civ.P. 17(a), 28 U.S.C.A., the libellant ought to have been the Agent as the real party in interest. 2 Benedict, Admiralty 230, 245, at 43, 82-85; Czaplicki v. S. S. Hoegh Silvercloud, 1956, 351 U.S. 525, 529, 76 S.Ct. 946, 100 L.Ed. 1387, 1956 A.M.C. 1465; United States v. Aetna Casualty and Surety Co., 1949, 338 U.S. 366, 70 S.Ct. 207, 94 L.Ed. 171. But the inquiry does not end here. With all of its vaunted flexibility, admiralty would certainly provide some method by which the one paying (the Agent)-- and hence the real party in interest-- could have a judicial determination of the liability of the other (the Shipper) to him. The trial Court was correct therefore in concluding that the Agent, who paid the entire amount due to the Carrier, as a sort of guarantor, indemnitor or quasi-surety, had the right to seek subrogation to the rights of the Carrier (as creditor) against the Shipper (as debtor or principal).
But to seek subrogation and to attain it are two quite different things. Once subrogation is recognized, it carries with it all of the rights which the subrogor had. 50 Am.Jur. Subrogation, 110-112. That would include the extraordinary preferred status of a carrier asserting contractual 'statutory' tariff rights (see note 12, supra). But it is the investiture of the subrogee with such sweeping vicarious rights which is itself a factor in determining whether subrogation is to be allowed.
This takes us to the very fundamentals of subrogation. It is now a mechanism so universally applied in new and unknown circumstances that it is easy to overlook that it originates in equity. Every facet, whether substantive or procedural, is controlled by the equitable origin and aim of subrogation. These principles, so well established that to cite cases would be an affectation, find expression in accepted texts, as the following excerpts reflect. 'Legal subrogation is a creature of equity not depending upon contract, but upon the equities of the parties.' 50 Am.Jur. Subrogation 3 at 679. Through it equity seeks '* * * to prevent the unearned enrichment of one party at the expense of another * * *.' 4 at 681. It has 'for its purpose the working out of an equitable adjustment and the doing of complete and perfect justice between the parties by securing the ultimate discharge of a debt by the person who in equity and good conscience ought to pay it, and preventing the sweeping away of the fund from which in good conscience the creditor ought to be paid.' 6 at 683-84. It has been 'characterized as an eminently just doctrine, a pure, unmixed equity, one of the benevolences of the law, created, fostered, and enforced in the interest and for the promotion of equity and justice, and to prevent injustice.' 6 at 685. Applied as it now is, 'it is broad enough to include every instance in which one person, not acting as a mere volunteer or intruder, pays a debt for which another is primarily liable, and which in equity and good conscience should have been discharged by the latter.' 7 at 686. It is 'a consequence which equity attaches to certain conditions. It is not an absolute right, but one which depends upon the equities and attending facts and circumstances of each case.' 10 at 688. Because its object is 'to do complete and perfect justice between the parties without regard to form or technicality, the remedy will be applied in all cases where demanded by the dictates of equity, good conscience, and public policy. Consequently, relief by way of subrogation will not be granted where it would work injustice, or where innocent persons would suffer, or where the result would be inimical to a sound public policy.' 11 at 690. As 'subrogation is administered upon equitable principles, it is only where an applicant has an equity to invoke that the courts will interfere. Moreover, the equity of the party seeking subrogation must be strong and his rights clear, and his equity must be superior to that of other claiments.' 12 at 690-91. And it 'will not be enforced to the prejudice of other rights of equal or higher rank, or to displace an intervening right or title, or to overthrow the equity of another person.' 13 at 691-92. Subrogation 'is not an absolute right which a party paying the debt of another may enforce at will, but rather, a matter of grace to be granted or withheld as the equities of the case may demand.' 16 at 693. The whole aim of subrogation 'is the doing of equity and justice, and the relief will not be decreed where it will work an injustice, and so it cannot be invoked to the injury of innocent third persons.' 17 at 693.
In view of these equitable principles it is important to consider just what this case is. On the one hand is the Agent who is in the business of lending credit13 to a party unworthy of the trust (the Freight Forwarder). On the other hand, is the innocent Shipper who paid the full amount of the charges to such defaulting party for remittance to the Agent.
Certainly on the facts found and necessarily implied, the Shipper must be considered innocent. The only mistake the Shipper made was to trust the Freight Forwarder. Otherwise its conduct was irreproachable. The Shipper knew it was required to prepay the freight charges. It divested itself of funds for all such freight charges. It chose a means-- use of a freight forwarder-- and of that group it selected one presumably considered by the shipping fraternity as reputable and competent. It followed the usual custom and practice of remitting ocean freight through that party, the Freight Forwarder. The business trustworthiness of that Freight Forwarder cannot now be questioned either by the Carrier or the Agent since the Agent considered it worthy of credit and entrusted to it the valuable shipping documents (bills of lading) against a mere promise to return them, or pay, or both.
There is nothing in this record to charge the Shipper with knowledge that credit would be extended by the Agent (or the Carrier) to the Freight Forwarder to whom it had already furnished funds for the payment in cash of these charges. Nothing the Shipper did indicated that it either expected, or desired, the extension of credit. But it was this unknown extension of credit by the Agent to the Freight Forwarder that brought on the whole brief. Until that occurred, there was no risk to anyone. The Carrier thought the Agent retained the signed ocean bills of lading. The bills of lading would not be released until freight was paid. Funds for the payment of that freight had been put in the Freight Forwarder's hands. Hence, even if it is assumed that the Shipper mistrusted the Freight Forwarder, that misplaced faith caused no loss. The loss was occasioned wholly and solely by the voluntary act of the Agent in gratuitously extending credit to the Freight Forwarder and releasing bills of lading contrary to the provisions of the Carrier's tariff, the bills of lading themselves, and, more important, the imperative demands of the law.
It is harsh enough when, vis-a-vis Carrier and Shipper, it is the law that commands a shipper to pay twice if the carrier has not in fact received the money. It is shocking to say that equity would compel it. In the contest of relative equities, he who now seeks the Chancellor's grace has set the whole train of misfortune in motion. No longer having the 'legal' standing of a carrier whose peremptory mace might compel a court of law to grant relief, the real libellant has naught but the gentle 'wand of equity,' United States v. Maryland Casualty Co., 5 Cir., 1956, 235 F.2d 50, 53, 1956 A.M.C. 1822.
These factors attain only added vitality when consideration is given to other conduct of the Agent. Under the due bills the Freight Forwarder promised to pay the freight or return the bills of lading within three days. Thus, within four days of the release of the bills of lading, the Agent knew that the Freight Forwarder was not honoring its promise to pay or return. Nothing, absolutely nothing, was done by the Agent except some unidentifiable weak-kneed requests made of the Freight Forwarder to do as it had promised. Not a word was breathed to the Shipper until May 9, 1955-- more than five months after the one recent shipment in November 1954 and practically ten months as to all others (see note 4, supra). The explanation for this action-- which the trial Judge characterized as incredible-- was not hard to find. The Agent did not really try very hard, nor, by the nature of things, could he either press too strongly for payment by the Freight Forwarder, or take the extraordinary step of notifying the Shipper that the Freight Forwarder had defaulted on his trust. This was because competitive forces in the shipping business are so severe in the solicitation and booking of outbound export traffic, that the Agent, dependent upon its generated traffic for its compensation (see note 6, supra) did not wish ot incur the ill will of the Freight Forwarder as a source of added business from other shippers in the future. And where excessive pressure on the Freight Forwarder to pay its obligations might be thought untactful, it was completely out of the question, so the Agent made clear, for it to embarrass this potential source of future business by exposing his infidelity, incompetence, or down right dishonesty to the principal (the Shipper). To collect the freight from the Freight Forwarder was important. But one cannot read this record without the uncomfortable conviction that what was more important was preserving the good will of the Freight Forwarder lest traffic suffer tomorrow.14
The record is therefore uncontradicted that, with full knowledge that the Freight Forwarder had defaulted, and with complete indifference to whether the Shipper had, or had not, put the Freight Forwarder in funds, the Agent did nothing to advise the Shipper of this state of affairs.15 In the meantime, the freight had been shipped and delivered.16 The Shipper was given no chance, until it was too late, to do anything to salvage the loss which the Agent's traffic-hungry policies had created. That is laches, in its plainest form. As such it bars equitable relief by one claiming an equitable status even though, as between Carrier and Shipper, limitations may not have run.
The Chancellor is not longer fixed to the woolsack. He may stride the quarter-deck of maritime jurisprudence17 and, in the role of admiralty judge, dispense, as would his landlocked brother, that which equity and good conscience impels. Hadjipateras v. Pacifica, S.A., 5 Cir., 1961, 290 F.2d 697, 1961 A.M.C. 1417; Swift & Co. Packers v. Compania Colombiana Del Caribe, S.A., 1950, 339 U.S. 684, 70 S.Ct. 861, 94 L.Ed. 1206, 1950 A.M.C. 1089; Kossick v. United Fruit Co., 1961, 365 U.S. 731, 81 S.Ct. 886, 6 L.Ed.2d 56, 1961 A.M.C. 833.
Whatever equity the Agent could muster in its own behalf was not enough to tip the scales. The Court, with ample basis, thought that as between the two, the equities were overwhelmingly in favor of the Shipper, and to grant what the Agent sought would produce, not equity, but inequity. Subrogation as an equitable weapon may not thus be corrupted.
Ohio Barge Line, Inc. v. Oil Transport Co., 5 Cir., 1960, 280 F.2d 448, 449, 1961 A.M.C. 375; and Bisso v. Waterways Transportation Co., 5 Cir., 1956, 235 F.2d 741, 743, 1956 A.M.C. 1760
The trial began and was adjourned on November 6, 1958, with this witness then under examination as an adverse witness. See Davis v. Parkhill-Goodloe Co., Inc., 5 Cir., 1962, 302 F.2d 489; June T., Inc. v. King, 5 Cir., 1961, 290 F.2d 404, 406, n. 1, 1961 A.M.C. 1431; Fall v. Esso Standard Oil Co., 5 Cir., 1961, 297 F.2d 411, 417. Nineteen months later he was the lead-off as the trial resumed June 7, 1960
There were actually two Shippers, A. J. Perez Export Company and Tyler Refrigeration Corporation. The cargo being moved was refrigerators from Niles, Michigan to Venezuela. Except where specifically mentioned, no significant difference exists and both are referred to merely as Shipper
Shipped by Perez
Shipped by Tyler
Alonzo Shipping Company, Inc., engaged in the business of a Freight Forwarder in Now Orleans
Isbrandtsen (New Orleans), Inc., the wholly owned Louisiana subsidiary of Isbrandtsen Company, Inc., was engaged in the business of steamship agent in New Orleans. Under formal contract it had been appointed by the Carrier 'as its Agent in the Gulf Ports, Baltimore and Philadelphia, for the servicing of any and all vessels owned, operated and/or managed or otherwise controlled by' the Carrier
As compensation for these services the Agent was to receive commission on outward cargo ranging from 5% to 2 1/2%.
Compania Anonima Venezolana De Navegacion, a corporate agency of the Venezuelan Government
The Agency Agreement provided:
'It is agreed that any and all due bills that Isbrandtsen may issue for freight and charges in connection with any cargo shipped from any of the ports at which it serves * * * as Agent, will be the exclusive responsibility of Isbrandtsen * * *.'
The check in the amount of $12,486.53 payable to the Carrier was sent by the Agent on May 24, 1955. On June 24, 1955, a letter from the Agent to the Carrier stated: 'You also are aware that it has regretably been necessary for us to take legal action to collect the freights listed from the Shippers and/or (Freight Forwarder). To do this, since they were on Venezuelan Line B/Ls, it was necessary to enter the legal action in the name of the Venezuelan Line
'Will you, for the record and for certain technicalities which our lawyer sees arising, confirm that the check was sent you covers these items and that in the event you receive such a check or checks dealing with these B/Ls that it will be turned over to us since the money will be a replacement to us of the funds we paid you in carrying out our contract with you as per clause therein.'
The record is a complete blank concerning agreement to, or acquiescence in, these statements by the Carrier.
On June 10, 1955, the Agent filed a suit in the Louisiana State Court against the Freight Forwarder for the exact amount of the freight (see note 4, supra). This verified petition, after describing the custom and issuance of due bills for these specific shipments and the release of ocean bills of lading under them, alleged that 'the bills of lading * * * in the * * * due bills constituted collateral security * * * for the payment of the freights * * *; that the freight monies represented thereby were loaned by (Agent) on the collateral security of such bills of lading * * *; that (Agent) is in the business of loaning money on such collateral security; that (the Freight Forwarder has) failed * * * to return such collateral security * * * or to make (Agent) a cash payment * * *.'
On the very same day the libel was filed against Tyler; the one against Perez was filed on June 4, 1955.
This policy has found expression by Congress in every statute regulating commerce since the early enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act. This includes the Shipping Act of 1916 and all of its amendments, 46 U.S.C.A. 812, 814-817, the Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C.A. 6 (7), 49 U.S.C.A. 906(c), and the Civil Aeronautics Act, 49 U.S.C.A. 483(b)
We have phrased it in many ways. Collection and payment of the charge for transportation 'is not a mere matter of contract. For 'a rate once regularly published is no longer merely the rate imposed by the carrier, but becomes the rate imposed by law.' * * * As a natural corollary to such a dynamic policy prohibiting the possibility or temptation to preferential discrimination * * * is the equally uncontradicted legal proposition that estoppel cannot be invoked against a common carrier to avoid a tariff provision. 'Neither the intentional nor the accidental misstatement of the applicable published rate will bind the carrier or shipper * * *.' It is clear that no 'act or omission of the carrier' can 'estop or preclude it from enforcing payment of the full amount' of the tariff charges * * *. And 'equitable considerations may not serve to justify failure of carrier to collect, or retention by shipper of, any part of lawful tariff charges." United States v. Associated Air Transport, Inc., 5 Cir., 1960, 275 F.2d 827, 833
River Terminals Corp v. Southwestern Sugar & Molasses Co., 5 Cir., 1958, 253 F.2d 922, 1958 A.M.C. 1534, aff'd 360 U.S. 411, 79 S.Ct. 1210, 3 L.Ed.2d 1334, and on remand 5 Cir., 1960, 274 F.2d 36, 1960 A.M.C. 2064.
In doing so, we simply echo imperative decisions. Crancer v. Lowden, 1942, 315 U.S. 631, 62 S.Ct. 763, 86 L.Ed. 1077 ('* * * tariffs bind both carriers and shippers with the force of law'); Atchison, T. & S.F. Ry. Co. v. City of Chicago, 7 Cir., 240 F.2d 930, aff'd, 357 U.S. 77, 78 S.Ct. 1063, 2 L.Ed.2d 1174 ('A tariff under provision * * * requiring every common carrier to file * * * is to be treated the same as a statute.'); and see also United States v. Kansas City So. Ry. Co., W.D.Mo., 1953, 116 F.Supp. 484.
Empire Petroleum Co. v. Sinclair Pipeline Co., 10 Cir., 1960, 282 F.2d 913, is a vivid application of these principles.
See note 10, supra
The trial Court had before it the extensive report of the Examiner in Docket No. 765 and 831 of the 'Investigation of Practices, Operations, Actions, and Agreements of Ocean Freight Forwarders and Related Matters and Proposed Revision of General Order 72' which sets forth in such detail the abuses thought to result from freight brokers having such a competitive death grip on generated traffic with a resulting practical inability of ocean carriers to do anything which might incur the ill will of freight forwarders. This led to what Congress later described as 'the crushing provision of the Board's revised General Order No. 72' requiring that forwarders 'must look to the shippers, rather than to the carriers, for payment for their work.' Congress rejected this by the passage of the independent ocean freight forwarders licensing amendment to the Shipping Act of 1916. Public Law 87-254; 75 Stat. 522, 46 U.S.C.A. 801, 841b; 1 U.S.Code Congressional and Administrative News 1961, at 591. The Legislative History of the Act is at 2 U.S.Code Congressional and Administrative News 1961 at 2699 (S.R. 691, August 9, 1961, and H.R. 1096, August 21, 1961). See the subsequent decision of the Federal Maritime Commission in No. 831, January 23, 1962, 30 L.W. 2371
Actually as to the Tyler shipments, it was not mere silence. It was active concealment. In October-November 1954 it was discovered that several shipments presumably shipped months before were still on the dock in New Orleans because the Freight Forwarder had misused funds previously sent to it by Tyler. A procedure was then set up for Tyler to send payments direct to the Agent as to future shipments. But not a word was said about the Freight Forwarder's default fault as to the freight due on the three July-August shipments (see note 4, supra)
This makes wholly irrelevant the collateral controversy as to whether the original signed bills of lading released to the Freight Forwarder under due bills bore the stamped, printed clause 'freight to be prepaid' of 'freight prepaid.' The Carrier, by transporting and delivering the goods, obviously treated them as freight paid
Cf. United Geophysical Co. v. Vela, 5 Cir., 1956, 231 F.2d 816, 819, 1956 A.M.C. 745


Brenda and Gary Price have been involved with the Rapid City Heart Walk for several years and just recently got involved with our advocacy efforts to ensure our kids are being taught how to do hands-only CPR before they graduate from high school. We sat down with Brenda and Gary and we believe they are folks you should know!
Gary and I got involved with the American Heart Association after Gary had a heart attack in September of 2013. Gary's heart attack was a life-changing event for both of us.
We both feel passionately that everyone should learn how to do hands-only CPR. Gary is living proof that CPR saves lives. We were both very supportive of the recent bill to ensure all students are being taught hands-only CPR before they graduate from high school.
South Dakota has been working on CPR awareness for several years and last year the American Heart Association and several other partners organized a CPR Flash Mob in the Main Street Square of Rapid City. It was great to see so many people practicing how to do hands-only CPR!
Gary and I both like to get out and walk when the weather permits, and we also visit the gym as often as possible. We like to stay active and take care of our health for our kids and grandkids.
It's easier to name the vegetables that I don't like! Lima beans would be first on THAT list! My favorite would be asparagus and my favorite fruit is the mango! Fruits and vegetables are a regular part of our heart healthy diet.


text:
The Pain of Bangladesh
by Ramzy Baroud
As they spoke to a BBC correspondent in their run-down room which they call home in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a man sobbed as his 12-year-old daughter sat close to him.
His face, wrinkled before its time, was a picture of utter anguish. It could only be understood by a parent whose child was dying under giant slabs of concrete where nothing could be done.
"If she is dead," he said, "I just want to bury her with my own hands, so at least in my mind I know that I have finally found my daughter."
Then the despairing man succumbed to his uncontrollable tears.
His daughter Hamida had been working right along his other young daughter who had miraculously escaped the collapse of several factories in the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka on April 24.
Hundreds of dead bodies were retrieved, most of whom were women and young girls who made a living working under the harshest of conditions in the country's many sweatshops.
Hundreds more were still trapped and presumed dead. Many of those who were freed had to sacrifice a limb as it was the only way to freedom.
Images of the devastation dominated the news for days after the eight-storey building collapsed on top of nearly 3,000 cheap laborers who were already trapped in another sense – in the endless poverty and exploitation of factory owners.
Over 3.5 million people work in the country's estimated 4,000 factories, generating about 80 per cent of Bangladesh's total exports.
Some estimates put the monthly salary of a garment worker in Bangladesh at $70 (£45) to $100 (£64).
Other estimates are lower, considering that the country's monthly minimum wage hovers above $38 (£24).
Quoted by the BBC last August, Rosa Dada of Four Seasons Fashion Limited found the business logic simple and convincing.
"In Bangladesh the average monthly salary for garments workers is only around $70 to $100. If I produce here, [the] price is much more competitive."
Competitiveness is key, even if it is at the expense of impoverished people who have no other option but to accept miserable pay and highly dangerous work conditions.
Of course a Four Seasons executive would not accept work for a $70 a month.
Dada must be aware that most of the garment industry laborers in Bangladesh are women.
When one calculates the long-term loss brought on by the death of a mother working under inhumane conditions, no numbers, no statistics, no charts and certainly not Dada's quest to stay above the competition, could possibly do this tragedy any justice.
The story of Bangladesh's pain is dotted with tragedy, government corruption and unmitigated greed.
It also involves many companies and garment distributors in Western countries, China, the Middle East and elsewhere.
Moreover, it would not be an exaggeration to say that in some way, our constant hankering for cheap prices, untamable desire for "good deals" and lust after brand names is happening at the expense of the sweat, blood, tears and in some cases, the crushed bones of cheap laborers like 13-year-old Hamida.
Walmart, Gap, JCP, Abercrombie, Kohl's and many more are very much part and parcel of this story. Some of these companies still refuse to take any real action to avoid future tragedies.
The collapse of the Rana Plaza building was not the first of such disasters and is unlikely to be last, especially since government action has been so lacking, to say the least.
As for most Western companies, they merely resort to public relations tactics to circumvent their direct and indirect responsibility, as opposed to rethinking their negligent approach altogether.
True, there has been much media coverage of the tragedy, which even by the country's poor work conditions standard is unprecedented.
But there has been ample evidence for many years that Bangladeshi laborers are being abused, humiliated and sacrificed in the name of profit.
Abusive business owners often lock and bolt exit doors to ensure that workers can't go out.
They build without permits and authorities turn a blind eye to their many illegal practices.
According to Human Rights Watch, the government has a workforce of 18 inspectors who are supposed to oversee and prevent illegal practices in thousands of factories in the Shaka district, which is the heart of the garment industry.
Workers' rights activists contend that officials are paid handsomely for their silence.
Human Rights Watch said that "factory owners – a powerful force in Bangladesh, with ties to government officials – are usually given advanced notice before an inspection."
Just five months ago, 112 workers died in a Tazreen Fashions garment factory near Dhaka.
Some workers jumped to their death from high windows to escape the fire because the doors were bolted.
The complicity of international companies was also found in the traces of the burnt building.
The International Labor Rights Forum (ILRF) said recently that "Walmart-labeled product was found in Tazreen and now one of the factories in the Rana complex, Ether-Tex, had listed Walmart-Canada as a buyer on their website."
Predictably, "Walmart has yet to contribute to the worker compensation fund for Tazreen victims."
But there is more that Walmart and others haven't done. It is yet to sign the Bangladesh Fire and Building Safety Agreement which, according to ILRF, is a legally "binding agreement that has (only) been endorsed by two global brands, (and if implemented) would create rigorous inspections, transparency and oversight and ensure that workers and their organizations are an integral part of the solution."
To avoid the "hassle" of accountability, some companies have decided to carry out their own inspections and of course made sure that the international media knows of their supposedly grand effort.
The two companies that signed the agreement are German retailer Tchibo and PVH Corp, which owns the brands Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger.
But two more need to sign for the agreement to take effect. Walmart, along with other large companies, is yet to sign.
Considering the rampant corruption and Bangladeshi's dire need for foreign funds which are partly secured through the $20 billion (£13bn) per year industry, expectations are low that the government will do much to right this ongoing injustice.
Attempts at unionizing garment factory workers have not been successful. Respected workers' rights activist Aminul Islam was reportedly harassed by the police, had his phone tapped and "domestic intelligence agents once abducted and beat him," reported the New York Times last September.
When he disappeared for few days on April 4 last year there was a general understanding of who might have been the culprit.
Days later his body was discovered. He had been tortured to death. His small office once stood amid towering buildings – some surely constructed without permit.
With his murder, Dhaka's workers have lost a great friend, an ally. Now they have lost hundreds of their equally poor colleagues whose entire monthly salary is barely enough to purchase one Tommy Hilfiger item.
Writing in Spiegel International online, German journalist Hasnain Kazim and others wrote that "the disaster … created sights and sounds that many will find hard to forget. Rezaul, for example, vividly remembers a woman with disheveled hair and a blood-encrusted face whose right leg was pinned down by a concrete pillar. 'She begged me to saw off her leg and free her,' he says. 'I just happened to be there'."
The main photo of the article was that of a head barely rising above a heap of concrete, while the entire body, apart from an arm was submerged.
It was of a handsome young man's face, with eyes so peacefully closed, and his barely free left arm, resting gently over the debris.
The most painful part of this tragedy is that it was completely preventable, but perhaps neither the government, nor Walmart and many others find the issue urgent enough for decisive action to spare poor people a horrible death.
Ramzy Baroud is editor of PalestineChronicle.com. He is the author of The Second Palestinian Intifada: A Chronicle of a People's Struggle and "My Father Was a Freedom Fighter: Gaza's Untold Story" (Pluto Press, London).
Ramzy Baroud is a journalist and the Editor of The Palestine Chronicle. He is the author of five books. His latest is "These Chains Will Be Broken: Palestinian Stories of Struggle and Defiance in Israeli Prisons" (Clarity Press, Atlanta). Dr. Baroud is a Non-resident Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Islam and Global Affairs (CIGA), Istanbul Zaim University (IZU). His website is www.ramzybaroud.net


Ladakh is bound by mountains and made up of mountains. Sheer walls of rock and ice divide the Indus Valley from Tibet, Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, and human habitation is restricted to narrow strips of greenery clinging to the rivers that drain down from mountain glaciers. This rugged region is home to one of the last undisturbed Tantric Buddhist populations on earth, protected from colonial interference, rampaging Mughals and the ravages of the Cultural Revolution by sheer force of geography.This popular hill station is famous for its picturesque views, peaceful natural bliss and elegant monasteries. This rough exterior and spiritual culture delights travellers with adventure sports, spiritual insights and peaceful beauty.
After your arrival at Leh via flight or road, you would check into the hotel. Then, you would take a day off to relax and adjust to the weather change. Enjoy the dinner and overnight stay at the hotel.
Jump start the day with hot breakfast in the morning. Then, you explore the gorgeous sights in Leh valley. You will visit the famous Buddhist monasteries in the region. Thiksey Monastery (Thikse Gompa),which is famous for remarkable Ladakhi architecture with several stupas, Thangka paintings, statues and pillars exhibiting Buddhist teachings. Hemis Monastery was well known as a religious education centre of Mahayoga Tantra. This is especially famous for its Hermis Festival of Lord Padmasambhava. Shey Palace; an erstwhile royal palace was developed into a monastery. The Shakyamuni Buddha in Shey Monastery is worth the visit. Stok palace on the bank of Sindhu river is now a beautiful museum famous for the lovely garden, mesmerizing sunset and huge collection of royal attires and crowns. After the sightseeing, you would return to the hotel for dinner and restful night.
After the appetizing breakfast, you would head out for sightseeing. You will visit Alchi Monastery, this elegant and spiritual monastery; which reflects the Kashmir culture and beauty. Among all these monasteries, Leh also has a Sikh temple; Gurudwara Pathar Sahib. It has a mysterious gravity hill with alleged magnetic properties called Magnetic Hills too. Later on, you would visit Hall of Fame, the great museum on Indian Army. This museum is constructed and maintained by Indian Army in the honor of brave Indian soldiers, who lost their lives in Indo-Pak wars. After exploring these local attractions, you will enjoy a leisure evening. Then, after the dinner, you would spend the night at the hotel.
Enjoy morning breakfast. Then, you would go on the half day excursion trip to Khardung La (also known as Khardung Pass). Khardung La , situated at 17,582 ft, is one of the highest motorable roads in the world. Then, you can spend your evening indulging in activities you really like. Then enjoy a hot meal and restful night at the hotel.
After a delicious breakfast, you will start a full day trip to Pangong Tso, which is also called Pangong Lake. You can check out ducks, gulls, Kiang and the Marmot. The visitors in summer can witness some beautiful migratory birds as well. After a visit to the highest salt water lake in the world shared by India & China, you will come back to the hotel for supper and overnight stay.
You would check out of the hotel and start your journey with camera full of photos and heart full of memories.
Assistance upon arrival and departure.
Accommodation on Twin / Triple sharing basis as per itinerary.
Daily Breakfast + Lunch + Dinner (only packed lunch will be provided during long day trips).
Return airport transfer along with all sightseeing by Non A/C Innova / Xylo.
Inner line permits to restricted area.


text:
Real Name Unknown
Residence: Mobile
Occupation: Scientist, Professional Criminal
First Appearance (Golden Age): Adventure Comics #62 (May 1941)
First Appearance (Post-Golden Age): None
The criminal scientist known as the Light first came to the world's attention in the Spring of 1941. A former researcher at Opal City's Scientific Institute, the man who became the Light was rejected by the traditional scientific establishment and turned to a life of crime. His first recorded foray into crime began when he created a "diminishing ray" which he used to take revenge on those who had scorned him. His first target was Dr. Daniel Selby, dean of the Scientific Institute, whom he shrank to a height of 12 inches. Leaving the dean, who barely remembered him, in a diminutive state in his home, the Light moved on to the next phase of his crimes. His attention was diverted however, when Selby contacted Woodley Allen, local liaison to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. After Allen had been briefed by Selby, the Light made a threatening call to his office, offering the same fate as the shrunken Selby. Allen then immediately contacted Starman to assist in the case.
The two met in the traditional local, a shack outside of Opal City. Starman recommended that Allen allow the Light to capture him, permitting Starman to track him through radio communication. Unaware to either man, the Light had managed to plant a transmitter to Allen, permitting him to see everything via an advanced "ultra-televison-screen". Preempting the heroes efforts, the Light trailed Allen in a space-ship of his own design, capturing the federal agent before the plan could be enacted. Luckily for the captured lawman, Starman witnessed the abduction and quickly boarding the vessel. To his surprise, his first encounter was Doris Lee, shrunk to a diminutive height. The debutante had presumably been captured as hostage against Allen. As Starman tried to calm the panicky socialite, the Light appeared and cordially invited Starman in to see his handiwork. There he found Woodley Allen now shrunken as well and as Starman objected, he was overcome by a strange mist and fell unconscious. When he awoke, he found that he two had been reduced to a mere 12 inches in height.
Confident in his victory, the Light revealed that his captives were merely the beginning. He would reduce world leaders, heads of state and important experts to a diminutive size to serve him while he ruled the world as head of a Master Race. Leaving his supposedly helpless hostage, the Light return to the controls of his ship. Left alone to taunt the hero, one of the Light's stooges lifted Starman into the air and toyed with him. Seizing the advantage, Starman broke free of the thug's grasp and grabbed him still normal sized control rod. Moving quickly, he destroyed the small statue the Light used to contain his knockout gas and hoisted the thug into the air until he agreed to reverse the effects of the diminishing ray. Roused by the noise, the Light returned to find the now-normal sized lawmen with control of the room. The villain was ultimately defeated by his own device when his hasty attempt to turn the diminishing ray on Starman once more resulted in a backfire, apparently reducing the Light to nothingness (Adventure Comics #62).
The Light was not dead but went underground to form a new criminal operation known as the League of the Octopus. Turning his vast scientific acumen to marine technology, the Light developed an advanced submarine from which he could capture and loot merchant marine vessels. Running along the Atlantic seaboard, the Light's vessel would fire a missile filled with the Light's own concoction of knockout gas. When the smoke cleared, the Light's vessel would surface and extend a bridge between the two ships. Foot soldiers of the League of the Octopus could then board and take control of the vessel.
By the autumn of 1941, the League of the Octopus had captured more than 30 ships, crippling the defense industry's Lend-Lease production. Woodley Allen was appointed as special investigator of the case by the U.S. Defense department and contacted Starman after the disappearance of the last vessel, the S.S. Aurora. Disguising himself as an ordinary sailor, Starman boarded the S.S. Beaver carrying defense goods up the coast. Less than 12 hours out of port, the Beaver was rocked by an explosion. Quickly changing, Starman flew high into the air to observe from above. The astonished hero witness the massive seagoing headquarters of the League of the Octopus rise out of the sea and hooded soldiers board the helpless vessel. The unconscious crew was thrown into the prison cells and the ship began to be unloaded. Stowing away, Starman witnessed the final destruction of the Beaver and followed the hooded men into the bowels of the ship. Spotted by a guard, Starman was trapped in a corridor which was then flooded and a giant octopus was released to dispatch the hero.
Slaying the Light's monstrous pet, Starman tracked the criminal to his lair. Interrupting his gloating broadcast of the Beaver's demise, Starman was immediately accosted by an army of Octopus League guards. As the hero struggled, the Light struck a vicious blow with the butt of his pistol, knocking Starman unconscious. When the hero awoke, he found himself staring into the point of his own gravity rod, now wielded by his adversary. Planning to slay the hero with his own weapon, the Light was thwarted by his ignorance of the device and the press of a wrong button slammed the would-be conqueror to the floor. Quickly freeing himself, Starman regained his weapon and rendered the Light unconscious. To defeat the remaining army of the League of the Octopus, Starman freed the sailors from their cells and in short order, the submarine was under Starman's control. The Light was turned over to the federal authorities and the ship itself sent to the research division of the U.S. Navy (Adventure Comics #65).
The Light eventually escaped prison and organized a new gang. Rather than reveal his true name, he operated as the Unknown and targeted the work of Professor Juniper Grimm, a specialist in time research. Grimm had invented a spherical time machine which could travel thousands of years into the future. After knocking the hapless scientist unconscious, the Unknown and one of his assistant boarded the craft and traveled to 2000 years into the future. After recovering plans for a large electro-cannon, the Unknown waged war on America's petroleum industry. A single shot from this cannon unloosed a cloud of powerful thunderbolts that ignited over it's target. After the destruction of several facilities, Woodley Allen contacted Starman.
Starman encountered the results of the electro-cannon at a production plant of the National Oil Refinery corporation. When the thunderbolts formed out of a cloudless sky, Starman suspected human guidance and followed the electrical trail back to the laboratory of Juniper Grimm. Once there, Starman was quickly assaulted by the agents of the Unknown while the villain himself escaped into the time machine. Starman made short work of the poorly trained criminals, who explained the Unknown's plans. After turning the petty thugs over to the local police, Starman waited out the Unknown in Grimm's laboratory.
When the machine returned, it was not the Unknown who emerged by giant men clothed in an indestructible fabric. Unable to deal with these "Futurites", Starman was overcome and thrown into a basement cell with Professor Grimm. As the Futurites waged war across the city, the Unknown returned to kill Starman after the sun had risen and the gravity rod lost it's power. Starman bided his time and goaded the Unknown into revealing his true identity: The Light. As the Light gloated, Starman watched the skies as the moon moved over the sun, providing a temporary eclipse and recharging the gravity rod. No match for the well-armed hero, the Light was knocked unconscious and bound for the authorities. Meanwhile, Starman tracked the Futurites who had handily bested both the police and the military. By a stroke of luck, Starman unhooded one of the future men, who immediately fell to the ground, gasping for breath. The air of the future had become so rarefied that modern pollutants were poisonous to the Futurites, who beat a hasty retreat into Grimm's time machine and the future (Adventure Comics #71).
The activities of the Light since 1942 remain unrecorded. Whether he survived into the late 20th century or produced an heir is as yet unknown.
Prior Earth-0: The Light is known to have existed and generally thought to have had a similar history as his Earth-2 counterpart. On this earth, he is known to have been burglarized by a minor criminal known as Johnny Sorrow, who stole a subspace vest from the Light's lab. Sorrow ultimately battle members of the JSA, resulting in damage to the vest and his relocation to the realm of the King of Tears, who drove him mad and cursed him with great powers (JSA #18).
Power and Skills
The Light possessed no super-powers but had a keen scientific intellect and was a master planner. He has devised a shrinking ray, a formidable space ship and an underwater movable fortress. After using the time machine of Professor Juniper Grim, The Light also possessed information on future technologies which may have served him in later cases.
Weaknesses and Limitations
The Light was an ordinary mortal and separated from his arsenal and usual army of thugs, he was easily overcome.
Issue Comment Reprinted in
Adventure Comics #62 First Appearance, vs. Starman Golden Age Starman Archives #1
Adventure Comics #65 vs. Starman Golden Age Starman Archives #1
Back to GA Villain Checklist


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text:
Whatcom Women's Soccer finishes a strong season
December 3, 2013 Online Editor
Story by Derek Langhorn
Photo courtesy of Chris Scrimsher
Although they both made it to the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges (NWAACC) semi-final match-ups, Whatcom Community College's men's and women's soccer teams had very different seasons this year.
The Orca men finished the season with a record of five wins, nine losses, and three ties, but they were still able to secure a playoff spot against Walla Walla Community College, where they lost 2-1.
The women's soccer team, on the other hand, made quick work of the competition, compiling a record of 11-2-7. The season culminated in a playoff match-up against Peninsula Community College, in which Whatcom lost 2-1.
Whatcom is a part of the NWAACC North Division, along with six other schools, including Everett Community College and Edmonds Community College, who both made it to the playoffs.
The women's soccer team Head Coach Claire Morgan said in an email interview that "we were so successful this year not only because of each of the girls' individual skill[s], but their ability to work hard together to play the best possible soccer at the right times."
"Additionally, this group was resilient– literally never quitting," Morgan said. "That mentality was something that teams in the past that I've coached had not always had."
Whatcom student Eryn Mitchell, who was one of the three team captains, said in an email interview, "I think the success of the season was truly a team effort."
"Every person on the roster contributed in a meaningful way and our chemistry continually gave us an advantage over other teams that quarreled and lacked depth," Mitchell said.
Morgan said that one of the best attributes of the team was that the players "really did support everybody and people knew their role on the team."
"Everyone had the 'team first' mentality and that was something that was really special about this group," Morgan said.
Morgan added that their weaknesses were few, and said "there was nothing that I said to myself, …that's really going to hurt us'."
"I would say that there were times when I wish that we would have communicated better on the field, but even that seemed to fix itself as the season went on," Morgan said.
Mitchell said that their defense was the team's best attribute this season. "Over the course of the entire season we only let in 13 goals and held a couple of really strong teams to their lowest scoring games of the season," she said.
As far as weaknesses go, one problem the team had was "our inability to score goals off of corner kicks," she said. "Many tied games could have been victories if we had put the ball in the back of the net at key moments."
Although the team did not make it to the championship game, they had some great moments this season, Mitchell said.
"The best moment of the season, in my opinion, was when we tied Spokane," Mitchell said. "There was a lot of hype going in to that game because they knocked [Whatcom] out of the playoffs the previous year."
"Being able to upset a team that didn't see us as a big challenge really gave us momentum and the confidence necessary to earn a spot in the post-season," Mitchell said.
"We had a lot of things go right for us this season. We finished second in the North region [and] we made it all the way to the elite eight of the NWAACC Tournament," Morgan said. "This group really came together as a team to achieve a common goal – make the playoffs."
The women's team made it to the playoffs, and faced the team that went on to win the championship this year, Peninsula Community College.
"Even the game we lost to Peninsula, I was so proud of my team because they literally gave me everything they had, they left it all on the field, and as a coach you can't ask for too much more," Morgan said.
Morgan was named the NWAACC north region's coach of the year, and she "brings so many positive things to the team, but her adaptability is a trait that makes her a more successful coach than most," Mitchell said.
"She researched our opponents and made changes to our line-up and formation to give us the best chance at success," Mitchell said. "We watched so many other teams keep their same formation against us with minimal adjustments and they weren't able to cope. It gave us a huge advantage over and over."
Morgan said her style as coach was to be a "player's coach" and said "I want to give the players the best experience possible."
"I know that if I push them physically, mentally, and help the do well in the classroom, they will have a great experience," she said.
Morgan added that as a coach, she strives to create "an inclusive environment where they [the players] feel like they can communicate with me and ask questions about the game of soccer."
Morgan said that overall, she was "extremely pleased with the way the season went."
"This is the best team that I've ever coached in terms of their effort… and willingness to do whatever the team needs," she said.
With the success of this season, the future is bright for Whatcom women's soccer, Mitchell said.
"I'm really excited for the future. With the success of the team the last couple years and the program Claire has been building, I think the team will continue to gain valuable recruits," Mitchell said.
"Most of the teams we played had three or four more players on their roster, but the 16 of us pushed through injuries and dug deep to perform for each other," Mitchell said. "That blue collar ethic is inspiring and will hopefully draw strong players to the school."
Morgan is already looking to the future, and said defense is the key to victory in the coming season. "Next season we need to continue to find ways to shut teams down from scoring," she said.
"On the same page, we are losing our two top goal scorers in Kylie Garrison and Bailey Butcher, so filling that will be a role we will need to pay a lot of attention to [next season]," Morgan said.
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