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Hitsugi no Chaika (jap. , dt. "Sargprinzessin Chaika") ist eine Light-Novel-Reihe von Ichirō Sakaki mit den Illustrationen von Namaniku ATK. Diese wird auch in drei Manga-Reihen, wovon teils als Die Sargprinzessin auch auf Deutsch erscheinen, und als Anime-Serie adaptiert.

Handlung
Vor wenigen Jahren endete ein großer Krieg, in dem das Kaiserreich Gaz (, Gazu teikoku) unterging und dessen Herrscher Artur Gaz (, Arutūru Gazu), ein mächtiger 500 Jahre alter Magier, von acht Helden besiegt wurde.

Eines Tages trifft der nun arbeitslose Söldner (hier Saboteur (, Sabatā) genannt) Tōru Acura (, Tōru Akyura) im Wald auf ein junges Mädchen, das sich ihm in gebrochener Sprache als Chaika Trabant (, Chaika Torabanto) vorstellt. Kurz darauf werden sie von einem Einhorn – ein menschenfressendes, äußerst gefährliches Tier – angegriffen. Chaika teilt ihm mit, dass sie eine Zauberin (hier Wizard (, Wizādo) genannt) ist und dieses besiegen kann, er ihr jedoch die nötige Zeit verschaffen muss. Ihre Magie wirkt dabei durch ein Gundo (, Gando), eine Art Scharfschützengewehr, dessen Einzelteile sie in einem Sarg herumträgt.

Nachdem das Einhorn besiegt ist, begleitet er sie zu ihrem Zielort, wo sie ihn und seine Schwester Akari (, Akari Akyura) engagiert, aus dem Anwesen des lokalen Feudalherren und eines der Helden, Robert Avart, einen Gegenstand zu stehlen. Es stellt sich heraus, dass dieses die Hand von Artur Gaz ist, die einem große Macht verleiht, und jeder der Helden ein Körperteil mit sich nahm. Aber auch Avart ist erstaunt, Chaika zu sehen, da er sie damals beim Kampf gegen Gaz eigenhändig tötete.

Als sie das Anwesen verlassen, werden sie von Alveric Gilette (, Aruberikku Jiretto) und seiner Gruppe gestellt. Dieser gehört zur Kliemann-Organisation (, Kurīman kikan), die sich dem Nachkriegs-Wiederaufbau verschrieben hat. Er teilt Tōru mit, dass Chaika die Tochter von Gaz ist und ihre Mission, die Körperteile ihres Vaters einzusammeln, nur den Anhängern von Gaz Auftrieb geben und wieder zum Krieg führen würde. Tōru antwortet, dass dies ihm recht sei, da ein Krieg ihm als Söldner wieder einen Sinn im Leben geben würde, und flieht.

Chaika wiederum engagiert ihn und Akari nun dauerhaft, sie auf ihrer Reise zu begleiten, die darin besteht, die Körperteile ihres Vaters einzusammeln, um ihm eine würdige Bestattung zu geben.

Veröffentlichung
Die Light-Novel-Reihe wurde von Ichirō Sakaki geschrieben, während die Begleitillustrationen von Namaniku ATK (Nitroplus) stammen. Hitsugi no Chaika wurde von Fujimi Shobō zwischen Dezember 2010 bis März 2015 in insgesamt 12 Bänden verlegt, wobei der Verlag im Oktober 2013 Teil von Kadokawa wurde.
 18. Dezember 2010, ISBN 978-4-8291-3596-9
 20. Mai 2011, ISBN 978-4-8291-3640-9
 20. Oktober 2011, ISBN 978-4-8291-3692-8
 17. März 2012, ISBN 978-4-8291-3740-6
 17. August 2012, ISBN 978-4-8291-3793-2
 19. Januar 2013, ISBN 978-4-8291-3848-9
 20. Juli 2013, ISBN 978-4-8291-3913-4
 18. Januar 2014, ISBN 978-4-04-070007-6
 18. April 2014, ISBN 978-4-04-070090-8
 20. September 2014, ISBN 978-4-04-070145-5
 20. Dezember 2014, ISBN 978-4-04-070148-6
 20. März 2015, ISBN 978-4-04-070150-9 (normal), 10. März 2015, ISBN 978-4-04-070171-4 (limitiert mit Blu-ray)

Adaptionen

Manga
Basierend auf der Romanreihe entstanden drei Manga-Serien.

Die erste, Hitsugi no Chaika, ist eine direkte Adaption der Romanreihe und wird von Shinta Sakayama gezeichnet. Die Kapitel erschienen von Ausgabe 12/2011 (26. Oktober 2011) bis 2/2015 (26. Dezember 2014) des Manga-Magazins Shōnen Ace von Fujimi Shobō und wurden in fünf Sammelbänden (Tankōbon) zusammengefasst:
 26. März 2012, ISBN 978-4-04-120208-1
 26. August 2012, ISBN 978-4-04-120337-8
 26. Mai 2013, ISBN 978-4-04-120633-1
 26. März 2014, ISBN 978-4-04-121061-1
 26. Dezember 2014, ISBN 978-4-04-102461-4
Der Manga erschien zwischen dem 3. April 2014 und dem 5. November 2015 auch auf Deutsch bei Egmont Manga unter dem Titel Die Sargprinzessin. In den USA wurde der Manga von Yen Press lizenziert.

Die folgenden beiden Serien sind parodistische Spin-offs. Hitsugi no Chaikakka () ist ein Yonkoma-Manga (Comicstrip) von Kanikama. Zuerst wurde sie im Magazin 4-koma Nano Ace Vol. 4/2011 (9. August 2011) bis 1/2013 (8. Dezember 2012) veröffentlicht und wechselte dann in die Shōnen Ace ab Ausgabe 3/2014 (25. Januar 2014). Der erste und bisher einzige Sammelband erschien am 26. März 2013 ISBN 978-4-04-120651-5.

Die dritte Serie Gakuen Chaika! () interpretiert die Handlung als Schulkomödie um. Dieser wird von Seri Minase gezeichnet und erschien in dem Online-Magazin Age Premium von Ausgabe 2/2014 (9. Januar 2014) bis 1/2015 (11. Dezember 2015), wovon im Juni 2014 der erste Band erschien. Diese Reihe wurde ebenfalls in Deutschland von Egmont lizenziert und erscheint seit Januar 2016 als Die Sargprinzessin − Back to School mit bisher zwei Bänden (Stand: Juni 2016).

Anime
Die Produktion einer Anime-Serie wurde im Juli 2013 bekanntgegeben. Diese stammt vom Animationsstudio Bones unter der Regie von Sōichi Masui, die auch 10 Jahre zuvor Ichirō Sakakis thematisch ähnliche Romanreihe Scrapped Princess als Anime umsetzten. Das Character Design wurde von Nobuhiro Arai für den Anime angepasst.

Die erste Staffel mit 12 Folgen wurde vom 10. April bis 26. Juni 2014 nach Mitternacht (und damit am vorigen Fernsehtag) auf Tokyo MX erstausgestrahlt, sowie mit bis zu zwei Tagen Versatz auch auf Sun TV, TVQ Kyūshū, Chiba TV, TV Saitama, Gifu Hōsō, Mie TV, TV Kanagawa und BS11. Die Folgen werden auf sechs DVDs und Blu-rays vom 27. Juni bis 28. November 2014 veröffentlicht werden. Diese verfilmte die ersten sechs Romanbände, wobei die Folgen 8 und 9 Anime-original sind.

Eine zweite Staffel namens Hitsugi no Chaika: Avenging Battle mit 10 Folgen wurde vom 9. Oktober bis 11. Dezember 2014 nach Mitternacht auf TV Tokyo erstausgestrahlt, als auch auf Sun TV, TVQ Kyūshū, Chiba TV, TV Saitama, Gifu Hōsō, Mie TV, TV Kanagawa und BS11. Diese decken die Bände 7 bis 10 ab und beenden die Handlung. Geplant sind fünf DVDs und Blu-rays.

Nipponart erwarb die Serie für den deutschsprachigen Raum und ließ sie als Simulcast mit deutschen Untertiteln unter dem Titel Chaika, die Sargprinzessin die erste Staffel bei Clipfish und die zweite Staffel bei Anime on Demand streamen. Crunchyroll streamt die Serie wiederum mit englischen Untertiteln als Chaika – The Coffin Princess in den Regionen Nord- und Südamerika, Europa (ausgenommen der deutschsprachige Raum), Arabien und dem Nahen Osten. Die DVDs/Blu-Rays sollen ab dem 27. März 2015 erscheinen.

Der am 10. März 2015 verlegten limitierten Ausgabe des 12. Romanbandes lag eine Blu-ray mit zwei Bonusfolgen von insgesamt 25 Minuten bei.

Synchronisation

Musik
Der Soundtrack zur Serie stammt von Seikō Nagaoka.

In der ersten Staffel wird als Vorspanntitel Darakena verwendet, das von Yūho Iwasato getextet und Iori Nomizu gesungen wurde. Im Abspann wird wiederum Kairaku Genri (, "Genussprinzip") genutzt, das von Anju Mana getextet und von Chika Anzai, Saeko Zōgō und Yui Makino unter dem Namen coffin princess gesungen wurde. Beide Stücke wurde am 23. April 2014 auf je einer Single veröffentlicht.

Bei der zweiten Staffel kam im Vorspann Shikkoku o Nuritsubuse () gesungen von Iori Nomizu zum Einsatz, sowie im Abspann Watashi wa Omae no Naka ni Iru () gesungen von Chika Anzai, Saeko Zōgō und Iori Nomizu als coffin princess, jeweils getextet von Anju Mana. Die Vor- und Abspanntitel beider Staffeln wurden von Manzo komponiert.

Weblinks
 Website der Romanreihe (japanisch)
 Website der Anime-Serie (japanisch)
 Website der deutschen Mangafassung bei Egmont Manga
 Eintrag im Anime News Network (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Light-Novel-Zyklus
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Manga (Werk)
Anime-Fernsehserie
Zeichentrickserie
Fernsehserie der 2010er Jahre


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Debate: 'Educated Upper Class, Caste Women' and Indian Feminism
Kirti Goyal October 2, 2019
A recent article on LiveWire lampooned the 'wokeness' of 'upper class, caste women' – a shorthand for their feminist politics – by juxtaposing it with a tradition of Anglo-American feminism.
The author said: "One of the biggest reasons for the failure of making feminism the inclusive and widespread movement it has been in Europe and other parts of the world has been the class politics of educated women in India."
While this observation is partially true, it merits consideration with respect to the homogenised character it ascribes to feminism in the West. It would do us good to remember that the feminism as a political project in the West gained currency only as a result of bitter wars waged by different women in different points of time in the history of women's movements.
The history of Indian feminism, like its Anglo-American counterpart, has been no different. Just like each successive 'wave' in the case of Anglo-American feminism expanded and democratised the feminism of the previous 'wave', similarly, the larger political developments in the post-independence India witnessed a mobilisation of certain category of women, with each succeeding decade contributing towards the expansion of this earlier monolithic category.
Also read: Silent Rules of Beauty: The Inescapable Physicality of Womanhood
The case in point is the peasant women's movements in the early 60s, the movements of the upper caste/class women in the 70s, the emergence of Muslim women's movements in the 80s, and the Dalit women's movements in the late 80s and early 90s.
Second, the author noted that the most educated urban women refrain from talking about feminism, and that had it not been for the global pressure of the #MeToo movement, these urban women would never have spoken about the abuse and harassment in their lives.
However, contrary to the author's suggestion, Radha Kumar's History of Doing, a landmark book on the women's movements in post-Independence and pre-MeToo era, documents how it was precisely the educated upper caste, class women's movements against issues of dowry harassment and domestic violence in the comparatively urban spaces like Delhi and Mumbai that had led to the recognition and articulation of 'women's issues' in the public sphere.
Also read: From 'Ghoonghats' to Suits: Why the Indian Railways Need to Think Beyond Gender Binaries
Moreover, the research on women's issues and annual conferences on women by influential political actors in places like Delhi and Mumbai during this period had not only led to the institutionalisation of women's studies' departments across the Indian universities, but also centralised the need to take into account the various markers – of caste, class, and religion – of a woman's identity, thereby leading to a reconceptualisation of the very subject of the Indian feminist politics.
As a critically engaged Indian citizenry, it is imperative and incumbent upon us to realise, therefore, that vilifying a whole community of "educated upper caste, class women" serves no purpose to the larger feminist goals of attaining equality and parity. Deriding a particular section of the Indian community is not only parochial in its outlook and in its engagement with the history of Indian feminism, but also dismissive of the contributions, however limited, made by it at a certain point of time in history.
The need, instead, is to focus on the systemic inequities and inequalities that cause the feminism in the India, and in South Asia, to assume a unpopular character in contrast to its Anglo-American counterpart.
Kirti Goyal is a student at Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi
Featured image credit: Pariplab Chakraborty
Postcards of Protest: Students of St Stephen's Write to Modi
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Teachers beliefs and their implicit theories about their students intelligence, abilities and the ways in which they learn, determines their approach to teaching. Many teachers in Pakistan conceive intelligence as an ability possessed by a few individuals in their classrooms. This notion has lead to teacher's categorisation of their students according to their cognitive abilities. On the other hand, teachers play an active role in transmitting knowledge to the students through passive participation and rote learning. This makes student receivers of knowledge rather than potential users and producers of knowledge. This case study, therefore, explores a teacher's belief about the notion of intelligence and her classroom practices in which the teacher engages. It also studies the implications of these beliefs for her classroom practices. Finding reveals that the teacher had certain beliefs and conceptions about the ability and intelligence of her students and the way they learn. These beliefs have implications for teachers' attitude and behaviour towards different ability groups, their classroom interaction and feedback to their students, the use of pedagogical content knowledge, and their students self-image. The study also reveals that there is a relationship between teacher's beliefs and her practices. This relationship is hindered sometimes by other factors in her workplace. By engaging the teacher in critical reflection on both her beliefs and her practices, the teacher was able to re-conceptualise the implications of her conceptions of intelligence and slightly changed her practices in the classroom. These changed practices brought significant changes in the teachers attitude and students learning which made the teacher re-conceptualise many of her beliefs and conceptions about intelligence.
Amirali, A. (1998). Teachers' beliefs of intelligence and their implications for classroom practice: A case study (Unpublished master's dissertation). Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.


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10 Best Horror Movies About Hoodoo or Voodoo
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By Tamara / October 26, 2022 January 10, 2023
Hoodoo and voodoo are forms of spiritual practice which arrived from Western African countries to the deep American South where they used to be practiced by the African American population, mostly living in the remote and desolate swamps. Very often set in Southern states, such as Louisiana, Alabama and Georgia, the movies about these practices are mostly dark, chilling and full of mystery. This is the list of the ten best horror movies about hoodoo or voodoo.
Get Out (2017)
The Skeleton Key (2005)
Spell (2020)
The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988)
Thinner (1996)
Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1997)
Angel Heart (1987)
The Witches of Eastwick (1987)
Get out is inventive and imaginative horror. It is something many viewers might find confusing and difficult, but it is a story that opens numerous questions and topics to discuss, dealing with some of the most important issues of today's society, such as racism and prejudice. But it also causes a great deal of horror in the audience.
Chris is visiting his white girl's parents on the weekend, ready to meet them and get to know them. What he didn't expect was the way they welcomed him. From being overly accommodating to completely weird, Rose's parents and the group of people Chris had the opportunity to meet hide a secret so scary and dreadful and Chris will soon realise his life is in great danger.
One of the most intriguing movies with the topic of voodoo and hoodoo is this horror set in a Louisiana swamp where the even most terrible and dangerous secrets are kept among its residents. We follow nurse Caroline Ellis whose new job is taking care of the elderly Ben Deveroux who had a stroke and can't walk or talk.
After meeting Ben's creepy wife Violet and finding a secret room full of spells and bones to practice hoodoo, Caroline is even more determined to stay and help poor Ben, certain that Violet has put a spell on him. Caroline believes that hoodoo can't harm anyone who doesn't believe in it, but soon she will find herself in a situation where she won't be sure whether she is here to save Ben or if her life is in danger.
Marquis is flying with his family to his father's funeral in rural Appalachia but after an intense storm causes him to lose control of his plane and crash, he wakes up alone and trapped in the attic of a crazy lady named Ms Eloise.
She is convinced that she can heal him with the Boogity, a Hoodoo doll she has made from his blood and skin. Desperate to find help and save his family from a sinister ritual before the rise of the blood moon, Marquis will try to escape Eloise's dark magic in every possible way he can.
One of Wes Craven's most underrated and unknown movies is this excellent fantasy horror, The Serpent and the Rainbow. The movie is set in 1985 when a successful Harvard researches Dr Dennis Alan is invited to Haiti to study the case of a man named Christophe who died in 1978 and has apparently returned to life.
Dr Alan arrives in Haiti in the period of the revolution and is about to meet Dr Marielle Duchamp responsible for Christophe's health. While trying to solve this strange occurrence, Alan will have to deal with various threats lurking on the island, such as the powerful torturer and witch named Tonton Macuse and he will soon realise that death is not the end here on this dangerous journey of his.
One of the most sinister and terrifying horrors of all time is this gruesome story about a doll that has been brought to life by a voodoo routine. Charles Lee Ray is on the run from a police offer and in order to escape him, he decides to take his soul and bury it into a seemingly playful doll named Chucky.
But Chucky is soon to be given to a boy Andy Barclay who will quickly realise there is something terribly wrong with his new toy. Charles will confide with Andy, but numerous murders will be committed and it will be too late before adults believe in Andy's story and figure out the truth.
RELATED: 20 Scariest Supernatural Horror Movies of All Time
Billy Halleck is a successful man, with an expensive home and a loving family. But he has a terrible secret that will cost him his health and nerves. After accidentally killing a Romani woman and escaping punishment, he will become a victim of a curse that will make him begin to lose weight uncontrollably, going from his overweight state to an unrecognisable man.
He will have to turn to his friends in organised crime and ask them to help him persuade this woman to reverse the curse before he vanishes completely.
Even though it doesn't fall under the genre of horror, it should be on this list due to its topic. Clint Eastwood directed this interesting crime drama-thriller starring John Cusack and Kevin Spacey. It is set in Savannah, Georgia and it is centred on a murder and the upcoming trial of James Arthur Williams, an art collector and antiques dealer.
John Kelso is a magazine reporter who finds himself in Savannah and is immediately drawn by Williams' case and his curiosity gets even bigger when he meets his young and violent lover Billy Hanson. After Billy is found dead, Kelso stays in Savannah to cover the murder trial and while waiting for the story and trying to solve the mysteries around Kelso's murder, he will meet an array of unusual characters who might be in a way connected to everything.
This cult horror thriller directed by Alan Parker tells the story of Harry Angel, a private investigator with a new case, to find a man called Johnny Favorite. But this won't be very easy since Johnny doesn't want to be found.
Harry is hired by a man who calls himself Louis Cyphre, eager for him to find this singer and Harry will soon find himself in a situation he could have never imagined. The whole investigation will take a completely unexpected turn and become very nasty and dangerous. Mickey Rourke and Robert De Niro delivered extremely powerful and remarkable performances in this mystery classic.
One of the greatest horror classics is The Wicker Man, an intriguing and chilling story about Neil Howie, a sergeant who arrives on a Scottish island ater receiving a letter about the disappearance of a twelve-year-old girl Rowan Morrison. When he arrives there, he finds out that the locals are simple people who claim they don't know who the girl in the picture is.
RELATED: 15 Best Folk Horror Movies of All Time (Ranked)
Even the woman who he believes to be her mother doesn't know what he is talking about and soon he will start believing that the girl is alive and somewhere on the island but that the locals are hiding knowledge of her. He will also learn that they are a weird lot of extremely religious individuals with pagan beliefs and that their "religion" centres on procreation as the source of life.
This fantasy horror comedy with Jack Nicholson, Michelle Pfeiffer, Cher and Susan Sarandon tells the story of three best friends who live in a small New England coastal town. They are all divorced and are constantly complaining about the lack of interesting men in their hometown.
After one of these conversations consisting of the description of qualities they are looking for in a man, a mysterious millionaire Daryl Van Horne arrives in their town. He soon manages to seduce all of them but after a series of unexplained events, they begin to realise who Daryl is and how it is possible that he understands them so well. They will have to regain control over their lives and they will have to use some powers learned indirectly from Daryl.
Tamara is a big movie, music and book fan since always and writes a blog about all these things. Loves psychological thrillers, noir movies and mysteries of all kind. Enjoys discussing and talking about movies and tv series.
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In the Autumn term we will focus on helping children to develop their communication, social and physical development skills. We will work with the children in small groups and individually to support and extend their play. Our topic will be 'Amazing me!' This theme will also follow children's current interests as well as linking in with events around school. We will also be settling in new children and supporting them in the daily routines and how to explore the indoor and outdoor provision.
We encourage confident outgoing children who are not afraid to try new things and who enjoy trying new activities. We will talk about the choices we have and what we can do when we make the wrong choices. We will share the things we enjoy and take pride in our achievements celebrating our learning. Our new children will be focusing on sharing toys and playing cooperatively with their peers, selecting their own resources and tidying up.
We are constantly developing children's listening and speaking skills through small group activities/individual talk time. We plan opportunities for Speaking and Listening time in small group times where children can gain confidence to speak for many purposes.
The focus will be on adapting to a school Nursery setting for a lot of children - being able to use the toilet, dress themselves and feed themselves. Exploring the resources outdoors; the Trim Trail, the sports pitch, climbing, using wheeled toys, handling equipment eg. brushes and scissors. Moving in different ways, e.g. using different parts of our body.
In additional to these skills, we will be looking at other areas of learning across the topic. These include sharing books, developing reading skills, early mark-making skills to give their writing meaning, eg writing about our families. Children will explore size ,shape and number, e.g. animal jigsaws. They will develop their exploration and investigation skills, gaining understanding of the world, e.g. by using simple software on the computers. The children will also be making links between all areas of learning, related to the theme of interest, through art-work, baking ,exploring the outdoor environment, singing and Movement play, e.g. sing action songs and rhymes about our bodies.
Friday – Chatterbox - Take a book home/talk about picture for the weekend and chatter about the pictures.


text:
Posted on February 17, 2011 March 5, 2018 Topic: Neurology
Authored by: Dr Nick Sharp
Seizures are common in dogs and also occur occasionally in cats as well. A seizure is a neurological episode that is sudden in onset, repeatable in nature and that usually involves some disturbance in consciousness along with uncontrolled movements and unintended visceral functions such as urination. Seizures have a wide variety of causes, which can include birth defects such as hydrocephalus, metabolic defects like liver dysfunction, brain tumors, brain infections such as encephalitis, or a brain abscess, toxins such as lead and vascular disorders such as strokes and high blood pressure. Perhaps the best-known cause of seizures in dogs is idiopathic epilepsy, which is probably caused by either a genetic mutation, a microscopic brain malformation or possibly a birth injury. Epilepsy in dogs usually causes seizures to start between one and five years of age. If a dog starts to have seizures before one year of age then the cause is usually not epilepsy but rather some other disorder such as liver dysfunction. If an animal starts to have seizures after 5 years of age then it is also less likely to be due to epilepsy. After 7 years of age there is a much greater chance that the seizures are caused by another disorder such as a tumor or vascular disease. Some conditions like encephalitis can occur at any age.
Treatment of seizure disorders is dependent on first making an accurate diagnosis. For example, treatment of a liver disorder such as portosystemic shunt, or an encephalitis due to a tick-borne disease, is unlikely to be successful using phenobarbitone and will require more specific management. Diagnosis of the specific cause of a seizure disorder depends on taking a good history and then performing a good physical and neurological examination. This is followed by blood tests, which should always include assessment of liver function using a bile acids test. If these are normal then the next step is to image the brain using a CT scan or an MRI. These imaging techniques should detect structural diseases that alter the normal anatomy of the brain, such as a tumor or a stroke. If imaging is normal or if the diagnosis is still unclear then imaging is followed by a spinal tap in order to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for microscopic analysis. CSF analysis should detect inflammatory diseases that may have no effect on anatomy but that cause an influx of white blood cells into the brain.
Figure 8: MRIs from a dog with idiopathic epilepsy to show the amazing resolution obtained. The tongue (*) can be seen clearly in the dog's mouth and its brain (arrowheads) is shown in exquisite detail. A: This image shows the spinal fluid that surrounds and circulates through the brain as dark in color. B: This image show the spinal fluid as white and it also display the different types of brain tissue more clearly. This difference is seen most clearly in the cerebellum, shown by the arrow.
The main anticonvulsant drugs used to treat seizures in dogs are phenobarbitone and potassium bromide. Diazepam (Valium) may be used intravenously or administered into the rectum in order to stop a dog from having multiple seizures (often called a cluster of seizures). Diazepam is not useful for long-term control as it persists in the body for less than an hour. If phenobarbitone and potassium bromide are not successful in controlling the seizures then other, more expensive anticonvulsants may be employed such as Keppra, felbamate and zonisamide.
Seizures in cats may be due to epilepsy but are more commonly caused by other disorders such as encephalitis or vascular disease. Seizures are diagnosed and treated in the same way as they are in dogs although potassium bromide can cause feline asthma and so is not usually recommended unless other therapies have been unsuccessful.
The prognosis is good for most dogs and cats with epilepsy. About 80% of animals with epilepsy can be controlled using anticonvulsants although it is unusual for the seizures to stop completely. In most the seizures usually decrease in frequency and severity so that they are much more manageable but most animals will require lifelong treatment. The prognosis for animals that have seizures caused by conditions other than epilepsy will depend on the condition itself. The most common complications with epilepsy are either poor overall seizure control or sporadic clusters of seizures that occur in otherwise well-controlled animals.
Canine Epilepsy Network
The Canine Epilepsy Resource Center: – Important Seizure Issues
Commonly Asked Questions Regarding Epilepsy and its Treatment (Veterinary Neurological Center, Phoenix, AZ):
Seizures, Client Educational Information: – College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University
Epilepsy. REQUIRES LOGIN; FOR VETERINARIANS M. Berendt. In Braund's Clinical Neurology in Small Animals: Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. C.H. Vite (ed):
Canine Status epilepticus: a retrospective study of 50 cases. Platt SR & Haag M. J Small Anim Pract. 2002 Apr;43(4):151-3.
Risk factors for development of status epilepticus in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and effects of status epilepticus on outcome and survival time: 32 cases (1990-1996). Saito M, Munana KR, Sharp NJ, Olby NJ. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Sep 1;219(5):618-23.
Update on Phenobarbitol and Bromide. Dr. Lauren Trepanier, World Small Animal Veterinary Congress (WSAVA) Congress, Vancouver, 2001.
Phenobarbitol-induced Liver Diseases. Dr. William Thomas. Canine Epilepsy Network.
Avoiding Adverse Drug Reactions. Dr. Lauren Trepanier, World Small Animal Veterinary Congress (WSAVA) Congress, Vancouver, 2001.
Home treatment with rectal valium. Dr. William Thomas. Canine Epilepsy Network.
Use of vagal nerve stimulation as a treatment for refractory epilepsy in dogs. Munana KR, Vitek SM, Tarver WB, Saito M, Skeen TM, Sharp NJ, Olby NJ, Haglund MM. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002 Oct 1;221(7):977-83.
ACVIM PROCEEDINGS THROUGH VIN REQUIRE LOGIN; FOR VETERINARIANS:
Advances in the Treatment of Canine Seizure Disorders
C. W. Dewey. 2005 ACVIM Proceedings. Powered by VIN.
Causes of and Diagnostic Approach to Seizures
Managing the Epileptic Dog
Managing the Refractory Epileptic
Karen R. Muñana. 2004 ACVIM Proceedings. Powered by VIN.
Comparison Of Phenobarbital And Bromide As First Choice Anticonvulsant Therapy In The Canine Epileptic
Boothe DM. 2002 ACVIM Proceedings. Powered by VIN.
Levetiracetam Therapy for Long-term Idiopathic Epileptic Dogs
M Steinberg. 2004 ACVIM Proceedings. Powered by VIN.
The Use of Oral Levetiracetam as an Add-On Anticonvulsant Drug in Cats Receiving Phenobarbital
C.W. Dewey. 2005 ACVIM Proceedings. Powered by VIN.
Strokes / Brain Infarcts
Dr Craig Mosley
Dr Laurence Braun
Dr Marco Margiocco
Dr Nick Sharp
Tatjana K. Mirkovic
Taylor's Story: Canada West Performs B.C.'s First Successful Canine Open-Heart Surgery
Pacemaker placement for treatment of advanced second degree heart block in a 13 yr old Lhasa Apso
Wobbler Syndrome
Vestibular Disease


text:
Q: Save UIImage to Photo Album with writeImageToSavedPhotosAlbum I'm trying to save a UIImage to Photo Album. I've tried severl methods the last one is:
-(IBAction)captureLocalImage:(id)sender{

[photoCaptureButton setEnabled:NO];

// Save to assets library
ALAssetsLibrary *library = [[ALAssetsLibrary alloc] init];

[library writeImageToSavedPhotosAlbum: imageView.image.CGImage metadata:nil completionBlock:^(NSURL *assetURL, NSError *error2)
 {
     //             report_memory(@"After writing to library");
     if (error2) {
         NSLog(@"ERROR: the image failed to be written");
     }
     else {
         NSLog(@"PHOTO SAVED - assetURL: %@", assetURL);
     }

     runOnMainQueueWithoutDeadlocking(^{
         //                 report_memory(@"Operation completed");
         [photoCaptureButton setEnabled:YES];
     });
 }];

}

imageView is a UIImageView which contain the image I want to save.
On log I got "PHOTO SAVED - assetURL: (null)" and the photo doesn't save to library.
What am I doing wrong?

A: For iOS 11+ needs Privacy - Photo Library Additions Usage Description in info.plist
Add NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription in info.plist
Code:
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, nil, nil, nil);

Reference

A: Check out this sample.. which explains how to save photos using assets library..
you can even use..
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(UIImage *image, id completionTarget, SEL completionSelector, void *contextInfo);

cehck out his link How to save picture to iPhone photo library?

A: just use this bellow line for save the image in your photo library
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(imageView.image,nil,nil,nil);

:)

A: I'm using GPUImage, Apparently there is some kind of problem with the library itself.
The code above is absolutely working. If you want to read more about this issue:
GPUImagePicture with imageFromCurrentlyProcessedOutput doesn't get UIImage

A: Since iOS 8.1 UIKit framework has the UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum() function as vishy said.
I use it in this way:
 UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(myImage, self, "image:didFinishSavingWithError:contextInfo:", nil)

and then
func image(image: UIImage, didFinishSavingWithError error: NSError?, contextInfo:UnsafePointer<Void>) {
    // check error, report image has been saved, ...
}

A: When you take a photo from camera, then you can save image in picker delegate:
- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info
{
    UIImage *image = [info valueForKey:UIImagePickerControllerEditedImage];
    [library writeImageToSavedPhotosAlbum:image.CGImage metadata:[info objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerMediaMetadata] completionBlock:^(NSURL *assetURL, NSError *error) {
...
    }];

    [picker dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Google releases The Bohemian Rhapsody Experience, a VR app in cooperation with Queen
Phil Oakley
Bohemian Rhapsody is, all told, a pretty cool song, so it only seems fitting it gets a VR experience recognizing its legendary status in music history. Google's released an app that's been developed in cooperation with Queen - that's Brian May and Roger Taylor, out of the four original members - and, as with many things Queen do, it's great.
https://youtu.be/HAuw5lrRt30
A VR experience for one of the greatest songs ever written sounds a little gimmicky, and maybe it is. But it's a good way of ensuring the song's legacy and introducing it to a new generation of fans who may have only heard it through their parents. Cardboard can be used to view the performance, or it can be viewed as a 360° video - it's up to you. It's an animation, so don't go thinking you'll be able to watch a Queen performance with Freddie (Mercury) as if you were there, but nonetheless the animation has been well-crafted by Google and Queen.
The app is available on Google Play now, and for any iOS users who have somehow stumbled upon this post, it's 'coming soon' to the App Store.
Bohemian Rhapsody Experience
Developer: Marketing @ Google
The Bohemian Rhapsody Experience
made with google
Gmail is getting responsive design for emails on Android and the web
Google's Fiber TV interface gets an Android TV-style overhaul
58 queries | 0.493s | nexus2 | Android is a trademark of Google Inc. | © Illogical Robot LLC, 2009-2021


text:
Syria's refugees: Surviving through the kindness of strangers
by oxfamcanada | December 9, 2013
Background media: syria-lebanon-hunger-games.jpg
It was the kindness of strangers. When Aziz fled from the Syrian conflict to Lebanon, he heard about a farmer who allowed Syrian refugees to camp on his land. "How much is the rent to be on his land?", I ask Aziz. "It's nothing," he tells me, "the farmer charges nothing." The tent, made by Aziz himself from recovered tarpaulin posters from old billboard adverts, is lit by an electric light. "How do you get electricity?" "From the farmer. He let's us use his electricity supply for free."
"I will do anything"
Aziz cannot find work except for occasional daily labour in the nearby town. "What kind of work do you do?" "Anything. I will do anything. I will dig the earth with my bare hands if it will help me take care of my daughters." Aziz wants desperately to return - "if it was just me, I would have tried to stay and work there."
But for the safety of his daughters he cannot. And so he stays, reliant on the generosity of a farmer who cannot turn away one who comes in need.
It's getting cold
Aziz is one of the lucky ones. In another settlement I meet Hadoud. Since his arrival in Lebanon from Syria he has lived in a building that was originally constructed as a chicken coop. His whole family - from his one year old daughter to his 70 year old mother - live in one room. They have to pay $100 a month rent to the owners, an amount they cannot afford. They have used up all their savings and now, they say, "we buy food with debt." It's getting cold in the Bekaa Valley, but they cannot afford a heater and have only blankets to keep them warm.
"Do the kids go to school?", I ask. "No," Hadoud tells me," we took them out. The teachers hit the kids and made them empty the trash instead of doing lessons. The teachers never made the kids from this country do that. Only the Syrian kids ..." - at this point the aid worker translating for me, who is Lebanese, pauses; his eyes are wet; he regains his composure; he swallows; he continues - "They selected only the Syrian kids to be sent out of lessons to take out the trash. We could not keep them in that school."
Humanitarian crisis of our time
There are over one million Syrian refugees in Lebanon. The international aid response is chronically underfunded across the region. There is a clear need to do more to help Lebanon cope. The challenges are challenges for the international community as a whole. We might wonder how anyone could reject Hadoud's kids from school lessons. But it is all of us, collectively, who have done so.
"Hadoud's mother wants to give you coffee," says my translator colleague, "but I told them no, that you have to go. They cannot afford to host you. I do not want to embarrass them."
But then coffee comes. "They have made it anyway. They insist on welcoming us."
We sit and drink coffee and the conversation turns to "home". "We will go home, inshallah," says Hadoud, "we shall go home soon. And then you must visit us there, in Syria, in Syria."
Our collective responsibility
But for now they must remain. And more arrive each day. How to manage such large scale movements of people in a volatile situation is complex, very complex. And it is one that the international community cannot expect Syria's neighbours to handle unsupported, but must manage together. It is the humanitarian crisis of our time, a collective responsibility, and requires a collective response to match it.
But as the international community looks at how to upscale its humanitarian response, what seems less complex is the guiding principle of the family with almost nothing who offer coffee, of the farmer who leases his land for free, of the translator who cannot bring himself to say what has been said.
It is the kindness of strangers.
Ben Phillips is Oxfam Great Britain's Campaigns Manager
A version of this blog originally appeared at blogs.oxfam.org
With Collective Action Comes Greater Impact
Investing in our Impact Fund advances our advocacy campaigns, long-term development projects and humanitarian relief work.
by Oxfam Canada | January 11, 2023
Five Facts About Climate Change and Inequality
Tags: Advocacy in Canada, Climate Change
How does the climate emergency deepen poverty, gender inequality, conflict, and hunger?
by Oxfam Canada | November 9, 2022


"This is the fourth industrial revolution, there have been three before, and in each case we managed to survive so it's not the case that machines completely eliminated humans."
The transportation and warehousing sector experienced the largest overall positivity increase of any sector, in large part due to significant increases in both cocaine and marijuana positivity.
Workers say conditions are "inhuman" and there have been many incidents of hospitalizations at warehouses in the U.S. and Europe.
Companies are discovering the best solution to the labor shortage is to look beyond the traditional workforce.
Employees backing the union effort said that the issues include safety concerns, inadequate pay, and 12-hour shifts with insufficient breaks and unreasonable hourly quotas.


Introduction: A number of self-report measures have been developed that assess the subjective health status such as dental neglect; dental anxiety and oral health related quality of life.
Aim: To access the association between clinical and subjective oral health status among school going children in south Bangalore.
Methods: 300 completed questionnaires designed to measure oral health indicators were collected from both children (6-10 yrs) and parents. Caries was assessed using dmft index.
Result: Out of 300 children examined 55.3% - girls 44.7% - boys. Children with infrequent brushing had more caries. 28% of parents monitored their children while 42% brushed on their own. More than half of the parents and children thought it was necessary to visit dentist frequently and oral health would affect general health.
Conclusion: In our study dental self-report items showed high level concordance between child and parents and was found to be clinically valid.
Maintaining good oral health is a persistent public health problem among children globally. Early detection and preventive approach toward treatment are always necessary. In recent years, oral health has been recognized to be an integral part of general health. Poor oral health of children can have a negative impact on their overall development and social well-being. The need to educate and create awareness among parents regarding oral diseases, availability of dental resources, and its impact on quality of life has a significant role in promoting oral health and hygiene among children since childhood.
Untreated caries in deciduous dentition is the third most prevalent dental condition in India. Assessment of oral health status among schoolgoing children requires a simple, efficient, and reliable method of data collection. Clinical investigation is one of the methods of data collection, but it requires a sophisticated setup to be carried out efficiently. Due to resource constraints, a survey through a self-report, which is a possible alternative to clinical investigation, has been widely used in assessing the prevalence of various medical conditions. A dental self-report is a simple method of data collection from the respondents themselves without the interference of the researcher. The validity and reliability of the self-report are also important aspects of concern.
There are very few studies regarding the assessment of oral health in children using dental self-report. A self-report captures child's dental experience and health service usage required as there is increase in the resource restraints in data collection.
This study aims to assess and associate the clinical and subjective oral health status among schoolgoing children using a dental self-report as an oral health measure. The validity has been tested by providing the same questionnaire to the parent and child. The concordance of data obtained from the questionnaire to the clinical findings has also been tested and compared as a measure of reliability.
A cross-sectional study was performed by enrolling children from few schools of South Bengaluru. The schools were selected based on the proximity from the dental college and willingness to participate in the study. Before scheduling the survey, the official permission was obtained from the heads of the institution where the survey was being conducted.
Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution prior to the study. A total of 300 children in the age range of 6–10 years and their parents were enrolled in the study. Parents of students denying giving consent as well as children with special needs and those who are mentally and physically challenged were excluded from the study. A cover letter, consent form, and dental self-report questionnaire were sent home of each eligible child.
The study was undertaken in the following two steps: completion of the questionnaire by both children and their parents and clinical examination of the children.
The questionnaire was developed in English consisting of 17 close-ended questions. The general demographic information, such as age and gender, were taken. Knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding oral health and hygiene were collected. Questions about toothbrushing and dental problems such as experience of tooth decay, pain or discomfort due to tooth pain, and its influence on absenteeism to school were asked. Questions about parents monitoring the child during toothbrushing were also asked. Questions to ascertain the self-perceived oral health, need to visit a dentist, and frequency of visiting a dentist were included. The perception about the influence of oral health over general health and on their appearance was also gathered. The questionnaires were completed separately by the children in the school under the supervision of caregivers or parents at home. The questionnaire from the parents was collected from the children the next day.
All children were clinically examined by a single examiner using a plane dental mirror and explorer on a chair in optimal light. Tooth status was recorded as missing; missing due to caries, filled with decay, and decayed, and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index was recorded.
The data were collected and tabulated and were analyzed using EZR software version 1.37 (Saitama Prefecture, Japan) Level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Analysis of categorical-dependent variables was done using Chi-square test. The frequency distribution for the study variables was expressed in terms of number and percentage.
A total of 300 children in the age range of 6–10 years were included in the study, of which 44.7% were male and 55.3% were female [Figure 1]. Only around one-fifth of the samples were aged 6 years, less than one-fourth were aged 7 years, about one-fourth of the samples were aged 8 years, and almost half of the samples were aged 9–10 years. The data collected on various parameters were described in the following sections.
Around 58.3% reported to brush once a day, 34% children reported to brush twice, while only 1% reported to brush more than twice and 6.3% reported that they do not brush. Nearly 98% of the participants used a toothbrush and toothpaste as an oral hygiene aid, whereas 1% used mouthwash as well as other oral hygiene aids. Almost 55.7% of the parents reported to supervise their children while brushing and 44% parents reported to advice their children regarding brushing. Nearly 85% of the participants thought that brushing teeth would prevent tooth decay.
Around 25% of children reported to miss school due to tooth pain and 41% reported to have kept awake overnight due to tooth pain. Nearly 55% of the participants reported to visit a dentist, 82% of the participants thought that caries would affect the appearance of the child, and 81% knew that sweet food would affect the occurrence of caries [Figure 2].
Almost 88% of parents and children reported to care for their teeth like any other body parts and 69% of them reported believing that oral health would influence the general health. Caries was seen in 54% of the respondents; only 35% had filled teeth and 49% had lost teeth due to caries [Figure 3].
The World Health Organization recommends oral health promotion through schools for improving oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior of schoolgoing children for the prevention and control of dental diseases. There are a very few dental self-reports that have been reported regarding the oral health status among schoolgoing children in Bengaluru.
In our study, there is a high level of concordance between the self-report of children and caregivers and also in between children's self-report and their clinically measured oral health. The parents who monitored their children while brushing reported decreased incidence of dental decay and its associated consequences, which was similar to a study done by Sarnat et al., indicating that mother's knowledge and attitude toward dental health has an impact on child's oral health. In this study, only 50% of the study population thought that it was necessary to go to a dentist. Moderate amount of awareness was observed among the parents regarding the general health influence on dental health and a positive attitude was observed among them with regard to the prevention and management of dental caries. A study conducted by Navneet et al. found that Indian population have low level of oral health awareness compared to the Western group, and an effort on the part of parents has been missing predominantly. Other studies have demonstrated that positive attitude of the parents and children toward dentist and dental awareness has a link between oral health and systemic well-being.
A study conducted by Fukuda et al. reported that general health is closely related to oral health and indicated an urgent need for increased oral health education to avoid the consequences of dental disease for long-term oral health.
Therefore, more awareness and reinforcements to enhance the positive attitude in parents and caregivers toward dental health are required to further decrease the prevalence of dental decay among schoolgoing children.
A dental self-report measure helps in testing and monitoring the oral health and is of importance in countries where clinical oral health investigations cannot be conducted due to various constraints. Awareness of parents about oral health care would significantly influence a child's oral health status.
Jackson SL, Vann WF Jr., Kotch JB, Pahel BT, Lee JY. Impact of poor oral health on children's school attendance and performance. Am J Public Health 2011;101:1900-6.
Jürgensen N, Petersen PE. Oral health and the impact of socio-behavioural factors in a cross sectional survey of 12-year old school children in Laos. BMC Oral Health 2009;9:29.
Jamieson LM, Thomson WM, McGee R. An assessment of the validity and reliability of dental self-report items used in a national child nutrition survey. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32:49-54.
Mahejabeen R, Sudha P, Kulkarni SS, Anegundi R. Dental caries prevalence among preschool children of Hubli: Dharwad City. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2006;24:19-22.
Sarnat H, Kagan A, Raviv A. The relation between mothers' attitude toward dentistry and the oral status of their children. Pediatr Dent 1984;6:128-31.
Godara N, Godara R, Khullar M. Impact of inhalation therapy on oral health. Lung India 2011;28:272-5.
Fukuda JT, Sonis AL, Platt OS, Kurth S. Acquisition of mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in pediatric sickle cell anemia patients receiving long-term antibiotic therapy. Pediatr Dent 2005;27:186-90.


text:
Q: php how to do include right way Hello i'm running WAMP (32 Bit) server
i exec C:\wamp\www\1\index.php using browser with this address http://localhost:8080/1/
index.php has the follow code
require_once 'libraries/database/database.php';

database.php has the follow code
require_once '../misc/traits/singleton.php';

singleton.php is located in this location
C:\wamp\www\1\libraries\misc\traits\singleton.php

database.php is located in this location
C:\wamp\www\1\libraries\database\database.php

and there is error(s):
( ! ) Warning: require_once(../misc/traits/singleton.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\wamp\www\1\libraries\database\database.php on line 3
( ! ) Fatal error: require_once(): Failed opening required '../misc/traits/singleton.php' (include_path='.;C:\php\pear') in C:\wamp\www\1\libraries\database\database.php on line 3
Thanks

A: Paths stem from the php file that was originally executed, unless you change the path using chdir.
So use 'libraries/misc/traits/singleton.php'
If you want to do relative includes, use __DIR__, which is the directory of the CURRENT file.
e.g.
__DIR__ . '/../misc/traits/singleton.php'


Are You "Putting Off" Salvation?
Here is a vital principle which could mean your eternal life! Will YOU LOSE your salvation by neglecting to practice it?
GREETINGS, brethren, from South America! Mr. Benjamin Rea, the head of our Spanish Department at Ambassador College, and I are traveling through parts of this continent, gathering information to be used in future articles in the Good News and the Plain Truth, searching out books for our Spanish Department, and taking time now and then to write to you, through articles in the magazines.
Many times, we have printed articles in the "Good News" about your Christian life, about the necessity of perseverance, of zeal, of real ENTHUSIASM in order to overcome, and obtain salvation. But God has revealed to me a vital principle, which, if you will PUT IT INTO PRACTICE, could very easily make the difference between LOSING OUT by either falling into the LUKEWARM condition of the Laodiceans or letting a root of bitterness spring up in your heart and turn you away from God's Church, or — ON THE OTHER HAND — of remaining faithful and gaining eternal life in God's kingdom!
Have you never wondered why it is that God takes so much time and space to WARN us, by EXAMPLES, and by direct statements, about falling away? Even in, this present age, filled with the turmoil of a dying world — with our ears attuned to the shrieks of the millions of suffering humans we read about every day, with the prophecies of YOUR BIBLE being fulfilled each day — some have FALLEN AWAY! Some have NEGLECTED to put these "little things," as they may have called them, into practice, and for that reason, THEY ARE NO LONGER A PART OF GOD'S CHURCH!
In ADDITION to His prophecies of a WORLD-WIDE apostasy and falling away from the truth (Matt. 24:5,11-12), Jesus foretold of a terrible state of LUKEWARMNESS in His own Church! (Rev. 3:15-17). He said, "... when the Son of man cometh, shall he find FAITH on the earth?" (Luke 18:8). Jesus was constantly reminding His disciples of the grave possibility of FALLING AWAY. In His parable of the sower, He described the various types of persons who would hear the word — His very Gospel of the Kingdom, and would receive it with JOY, and yet would not ENDURE to the end.
"But he that received the seed into stony places, the same is he that HEARETH the word, and anon with joy receiveth it; yet hath he not root in himself, BUT DURETH FOR A WHILE: for when tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by be stumbles" (Matt. 13:20-21).
Notice, this person didn't have ROOT in himself. The root is the source of the FOOD SUPPLY for the plant — and that which gives it STABILITY in the ground. If you are not DRINKING IN of the "milk" of the word (I Pet. 2:2) being ROOTED and GROUNDED in the truth, YOU will fall away and be burnt.
Jesus described the next class of persons as being those who receive the word among THORNS. "And the care of THIS WORLD, and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becometh unfruitful" (Matt. 13:22).
Paul, about to depart from the brethren he loved so much at Ephesus, said, "For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock. Also of YOUR OWN SELVES shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples, after them" (Acts 20:29-30).
Paul was VERY familiar with the human pulls of the flesh, with the vanity, the lust, the greed, and the utter SELFISHNESS of human nature. He battled during his entire ministry to preserve the flock from danger, and to SAVE it from destruction. He wrote to the people in Lystra, Derbe and Iconium, "I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel" (Gal. 1:6) and went on to show they had been LED OFF by failing to PRACTICE the things he had taught them during his ministry there.
All through the New Testament, God gives us warning after warning of the grave DANGER of falling away. Paul's writings are filled with them, Christ spoke of them often, Jude said it was necessary to get back to the ORIGINAL FAITH! (Jude 3) John then recorded Jesus' words, that a WHOLE ERA — ONE WHOLE PHASE of God's own Church would fall into a disinterested, self-satisfied, neglectful, lethargic LAZY attitude — and be SPIT OUT! (Rev. 3:16).
WHY, oh WHY can't some of you SEE THIS TRUTH? I know of a surety, as I write these words here in a hotel room in Buenos Aires, some 9 or 10 thousand miles from Pasadena, that most of the VERY ONES who are NOW in this spiritual DANGER will carelessly read this article — AGREEING with it, as they always do — and then go right on, STRAIGHT TOWARD GEHENNA FIRE!
And yet — even knowing this — I know I must go ahead and write this article. May the Almighty Creator SHAKE some of His people — perhaps YOU — until your very teeth rattle, if need be, until you can be snapped awake, and brought to a peak of spiritual zeal!
As you read these words, perhaps you are actually AWARE of a great deal of spiritual lethargy that exists in your life. You don't PRAY as you should, you can't seem to spend the time STUDYING that you should, and you just don't feel as "spiritual" as you KNOW you should! That probably describes the MAJORITY of God's people during this age.
And yet, EVEN KNOWING THEY ARE SPIRITUALLY LAX, many are going to continue toward ultimate destruction — simply because they are failing to OVERCOME this known and recognized trait.
BECAUSE THEY DON'T REALLY WANT TO OVERCOME IT! Does that shock you? It really shouldn't — because it is an actual fact — easily recognizable by the fruits of many of God's own called and chosen people in this age.
Are YOU a person who desperately NEEDS something of God? Are you constantly beseeching your Heavenly Father for some great gift, some answer to prayer? Are you in need of healing? And, AT THE SAME TIME, are you subconsciously saying to yourself, "I'll 'get spiritual' enough for God to HEAR my prayer — I'll 'do some righteousness' until I GET the answer, and then it'll be over — then I can drift again — then I can, after I've achieved my purpose, drift back into the easy-going stream of lethargy, because it's so MUCH EASIER?
YES! Many ARE doing exactly that! Do YOU ever decide, along about Thursday afternoon, or perhaps late on Friday, that the Sabbath is coming, so you'd better get into a "spiritual mood" before it catches you in the attitude you've been in during the middle of the week? Do you then get into a TEMPORARY state of "righteousness" until Saturday night? Are you much HAPPIER when the SUN GOES DOWN, so you can rush out to the pleasures of THIS WORLD? Or do you wish the sun wouldn't go down so SOON, and that the Church service might not be over so SOON, or that you could visit with others of God's Church LONGER?
If these things describe YOU — then chances are, you're AWARE of your condition — yet seem to be powerless to DO anything about it.
Regardless of HOW close to God a person becomes — SIN is always near! Most of us have not really understood just how EASY it is for us to "slip over the line" and let the "bars" down — drifting into our old ways and habits, and sinning against God by our actions. When Jesus was perhaps the very CLOSEST to God, during His long fast of 40 days and nights in the wilds of Palestine, Satan came to Him, PERSONALLY, to tempt Him. Are you more immune than Christ?
Paul said, "I find then a LAW, that, when I would do good, EVIL is PRESENT WITH me" (Rom. 7:21). Paul said he RECOGNIZED the evil tendencies in his flesh — he knew his nature made him do the opposite from the good he WANTED so much to do, "For that which I do I allow not: for what I would, that do I not; but what I hate, that do I" (vs. 15). He said he DIDN'T KNOW HOW to perform that which was good! (vs. 18). But God showed him. "For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh ... for to be carnally minded is death ... because the carnal mind is enmity against God ... so then they that are in the FLESH cannot please God, but ye are NOT IN THE FLESH, but IN THE SPIRIT, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell IN you" (Rom. 8:5-9).
The Spirit of God DID dwell in Paul, "Christ liveth IN me" (Gal. 2:20), "For I DELIGHT in the law of God after the INWARD man ... so then with the mind I myself SERVE the law of God" (Rom. 7:22 & 25).
All of us must come to see that we are literally standing on a huge precipice, with our backs to the damp, horribly gaping maw of debauchery and DESTRUCTION! We must come to realize that wherever we are, at whatever time, Satan will try to ensnare us in whatever way he can — by playing on OUR PARTICULAR WEAKNESSES!
It is perhaps so simple, it won't sound like a very important point to you — but the real basic cause for much of this spiritual lethargy in God's Church is an attitude of PUTTING OFF everything until LATER, of GOOD INTENT, coupled with NEGLECTFULNESS, which COULD finally result in putting off your own salvation!
For example, you have come to see you really need to TALK to God more — or have you? — and you have decided to DO something about it. You have made up your mind. THIS TIME you really MEAN it! So, when it comes time to go to bed, you're very, very tired — and your mind just doesn't function very well. After only a few minutes of drugged, half-awake prayer that didn't go any higher than the ceiling, you tumble wearily into bed — intending fully, and even PROMISING yourself that SURELY you'll "make up for it" tomorrow morning!
Tomorrow morning arrives. You have overslept, or perhaps you have children, and they awakened sooner than you planned — perhaps the telephone rang early, or SOMETHING happened — maybe you even FORGOT about it, but, at any rate, you didn't PRAY as you intended!
DO YOU "put off" praying until a "more convenient time?"
Some in God's Church still smoke. You know that others know it — in fact, you may have even told them about it. Some of you have told ME, or else I may know it just because the strong smell of the smoker is almost impossible to conceal from the non-smoker. Smoking is not the cardinal sin of the world — it is not the WORST sin there is, so to speak — BUT IT IS A SIN! So is chewing tobacco — and so is "dipping snuff!"
I used to smoke, as did many others in God's true Church. But I was just exactly like a lot of YOU. I always "put off" quitting, because I would say to myself, "Well, this will be absolutely my LAST cigarette! I'LL SMOKE JUST THIS ONCE MORE, and THEN I'll really use a lot of WILL power, and I'll just quit!" But — after having just that "one more" I would say the identical thing the NEXT TIME, and the NEXT, and the NEXT, until I was constantly "kidding myself" that I was in the PROCESS of quitting, whatever THAT is. But there IS no such thing as a PROCESS of quitting — you've just got to QUIT! Are YOU like this? I was, but now I can give thanks to the Creator that I was GIVEN the necessary WILL POWER to quit. By a severe case of laryngitis, in which I lost my voice completely, I became so FRIGHTENED, about LOSING my voice that God has given me, that I just QUIT!
Not only are smokers — like I USED to be — CONTINUALLY defiling the temple of God's Holy Spirit, and setting a terrible example for others, but are constantly telling themselves, and God, a LIE, that they are in the "process" of quitting!
It's so easy to tell yourself that you'll get around to really DOING things tomorrow. In this way, many have been PUTTING OFF FASTING. God only COMMANDS you to fast on one particular day, (Lev. 23:32), but by example, by many direct statements of Christ, and by the teaching of the Apostle Paul, we know you MUST FAST OFTEN if you are to remain a spiritual minded Christian.
Jesus FASTED. It was because of His CONSTANT nearness to God that He was able to cry out, even with TEARS, to God for deliverance from the temptations of the flesh (Heb. 5:7). That's HOW He can be a merciful High Priest to us now — because through FASTING and prayer, Jesus was SO CLOSE to God, that even when evil impulses and temptations came, He was able to cast them from Him. "For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was IN ALL POINTS tempted like as we are, yet without sin" (Heb. 4:15).
Even in fasting to stay close to God, Christ set YOU an example (I Pet. 2:21). Turn to John, the eleventh chapter, and read again the wonderful history of how the living Head of Our Church RAISED A MAN (Lazarus) FROM THE DEAD! Jesus was so deeply moved by the LACK OF FAITH of the people that he "groaned in the spirit, and was troubled" (vs. 33), and finally He wept (vs. 35).
But when He came to the tomb, Jesus "lifted up his eyes and said, 'Father, I thank thee that thou hast heard me. And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou has sent me" (vs. 41-42). Time that short prayer! I did, with my stop watch, and even saying it slowly, it only takes eleven seconds!
"And when he thus had spoken, he cried with a loud voice, 'LAZARUS COME FORTH!'" (vs. 43). And a man who had been DEAD four days walked ALIVE out of his tomb.
WHY was Christ able to speak only a short, eleven-second prayer, and PUBLICLY, in front of the people there, and still perform one of His greatest miracles?
Simply because He was FASTING and praying CONSTANTLY, not just working up a TEMPORARY "spiritual attitude" to perform some great thing — not just "getting in the mood" for a WHILE. He was in such constant communion with God, that He needed only to lift His eyes to heaven, and break off ONE conversation, with other human beings, and begin a NEW conversation — with His Heavenly Father. Remember, Jesus is YOUR EXAMPLE.
But, sadly enough, most of us don't have the WILL POWER Jesus had. We constantly tell ourselves, "Well, I'm too hungry today, I'll put it off until tomorrow'' or, "I've got too much work to do, that will require all my physical strength — I'll put it off until later" or, "I won't have a good opportunity to PRAY today, so the fasting would only be starving my physical body for nothing — I'll WAIT until I'm not so busy!" In just this fashion, YOU CAN DRIFT RAPIDLY INTO A STATE OF SPIRITUAL LETHARGY!
GOD'S CHURCH IS NOT FASTING ANYWHERE NEAR ENOUGH!
This type of neglect is about like the farmer whose roof leaks. Always, when he is reminded about the holes in the roof, he begins to reason, "Well, it's not RAINING now, and I've got so much else to do — I'll put it off until tomorrow." Tomorrow comes, and then several tomorrows, until it finally RAINS, and he is forced to scatter several pots and pans around in the house to catch the rain water coming through the holes in the roof. He certainly can't get up on the roof in the RAIN, can he? And then — after the rain has stopped, he thinks there is no NEED to repair the roof yet, because it isn't raining anymore!
Are YOU like that farmer?
Brethren, NEVER FORGET that "... the time IS COME that JUDGMENT must begin at the house of God: and if it first begin at us, what shall the end be of them that obey not the gospel of God?" (I Pet. 4:17). If you're constantly PUTTING THINGS OFF until tomorrow, you're being judged on the strength of EMPTY PROMISES and HYPOCRISY! Rather than real WORKS being noted in your record, you have a record filled with half-hearted promises and "good intentions."
GOOD INTENTIONS are not going to save one single soul from the damnation of physical agonies and final spiritual death! If they could, then God would allow almost the majority of the sinning, ignorant, degenerate humans on earth into His glorious Kingdom! You'd better get busy while the sun is shining, and stop up that leaky roof — FILL THE GAPS in your study and prayer habits, until you're ready for the strongest TYPHOONS and HURRICANES of temptation and persecution — because THEY ARE COMING!
Peter warns us "... the end of all things IS AT HAND: be ye therefore sober, and watch unto prayer!" (I Pet. 4:7). We are exhorted to be diligently WORKING OUT our own salvation, with fear and trembling (Phil. 2:12) and to be putting off DAILY the traits and characteristics of the "old man" of SIN! (Col. 3:9-10, I Cor. 15:31).
Jesus illustrated this DAY-BY-DAY fight of the Christian when He said, "Sufficient unto the DAY is the evil thereof" (Mart. 6:34). You've got to conquer today's problems TODAY — not make empty promises about "getting around" to it tomorrow!
Christ tells us, "Let your loins be girded about, and your LIGHTS BURNING; And ye yourselves LIKE UNTO MEN THAT WAIT FOR THE LORD, when He will return from the wedding; that when he cometh and knocketh, they may open unto him IMMEDIATELY!" (Luke 12:35-36). Are we going to say to Christ, "I'll get up and let you in TOMORROW" at His coming?
"... If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross DAILY, and FOLLOW me" (Luke 9:23). Jesus said it is a day-to-day process! Notice the example of the Bereans, who were so intrigued by the teaching of the Apostle Paul that they "searched the scriptures DAILY ... THEREFORE many or them believed" (Acts 17:11-12).
Many are comforting themselves by telling themselves, "I'm TRYING to quit this or that ... I'm IN THE PROCESS of doing what I know I should" and, content to be in a constant state of "trying," they never seem to get around to really DOING anything about it!
Notice how much emphasis God places on doing things TODAY! "But EXHORT one another DAILY, WHILE IT IS CALLED TODAY; lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin" (Heb. 3:13).
Perhaps this sounds like a simple key, a rudimentary truth, which is certainly understood readily enough by the majority of God's people. But it is actually much more than that! It constitutes a tremendous, all-encompassing PRINCIPLE, which, IF REALLY PRACTICED, will result in ETERNAL LIFE!
QUIT PUTTING THINGS OFF — AS OF NOW.
Had you promised yourself you would PRAY more today? THEN DO IT! STOP reading this article RIGHT NOW! It will still be here when you return — but TIME is passing! Go to your closet or bedroom NOW and pray, if you had intended to do so. LEARN THIS LESSON ONCE AND FOR ALL — DON'T PUT THINGS OFF, if you intend to enter God's Kingdom!
You can return and finish this article LATER — but you probably WON'T take time to PRAY later.
God tells us the coming of Christ is just around the corner in world affairs! It's much later than most of us think! Have YOU been so securely self-satisfied in the knowledge of prophecy God has revealed that you reason in your mind that Christ probably won't come for another FIFTEEN YEARS or more? Have YOU begun to REASON that there remains PLENTY of time — and said to yourself, "I'LL REALLY put on the pressure right down in the last few years — there's plenty of time yet — I'll put off overcoming until tomorrow?" PROBABLY YOU HAVE!
But God says to CAST DOWN REASONINGS and FACE the truth! (II Cor. 10:5).
"But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should OVERTAKE you as a thief. Ye are all the children of LIGHT, and the children of the DAY: we are not of the night, nor of darkness. Therefore let us NOT SLEEP, as do others, but let us WATCH and be SOBER!" (I Thes. 5:4-6).
Yet many of you ARE asleep!
I know some of you BY NAME — and the chances are, YOU KNOW that I know and that other ministers know, and that others of the CONGREGATION know! BUT — what is MOST important — GOD KNOWS! Are you going to continue "kidding yourself" that you'll begin putting on the pressure LATER? Some of you have been physically associated with God's Church for YEARS — AND HAVE NOT GROWN!
Every time you PUT OFF until tomorrow what you could accomplish TODAY, you are weakening — and possibly even DESTROYING part of your character! And CHARACTER is the very reason for life! CHARACTER is what you should TAKE WITH YOU into God's Kingdom!
Brethren — DON'T let this be "just another interesting article" to you! DON'T read it, agree with it, and then forget about it! DON'T allow Satan to deceive you that you're all right spiritually! You KNOW you're not!
Then, in the name of Christ our Saviour, DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT — NOW! DON'T PUT IT OFF ANY LONGER!


text:
layout:     post
author:     Julia Bartlewski
author_lnk: https://github.com/jbartlewski
title:      HAW Hamburg joins OpenAPC
date:       2022-05-11 09:00:00
summary:
categories: [general, openAPC]
comments: true
---

We welcome the [Hamburg University of Applied Sciences](https://www.haw-hamburg.de/en/) (HAW Hamburg) as new contributing institution!

The [University Information and Library Service](https://www.haw-hamburg.de/en/study/libraries/) (HIBS) is in charge of the [University's Open Access Publishing Fund](https://www.haw-hamburg.de/hibs/publizieren/publikationsfonds/).

Contact person is [Steffen Rudolph](<mailto:hibs.oa@haw-hamburg.de>).

## Cost data

The initial data set provided by the HAW Hamburg covers publication fees for 7 articles published in 2020 and 2021, total expenditure amounts to 10,116€ and the average fee is 1,445€. The contribution also provided cost data on articles published in **hybrid** journals under the DEAL agreement with Springer Nature and Wiley in 2020 which are not included in this list.

|                                                       | Articles| Fees paid in EURO| Mean Fee paid|
|:------------------------------------------------------|--------:|-----------------:|-------------:|
|MDPI AG                                                |        3|              5009|          1670|
|Springer Nature                                        |        2|              2770|          1385|
|Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press) |        1|               679|           679|
|Public Library of Science (PLoS)                       |        1|              1658|          1658|

## Overview

### Fees paid per publisher (in EURO)

![plot of chunk tree_haw_hamburg_2022_05_11_full](/figure/tree_haw_hamburg_2022_05_11_full-1.png)

###  Average costs per year (in EURO)

![plot of chunk box_haw_hamburg_2022_05_11_year_full](/figure/box_haw_hamburg_2022_05_11_year_full-1.png)

###  Average costs per publisher (in EURO)

![plot of chunk box_haw_hamburg_2022_05_11_publisher_full](/figure/box_haw_hamburg_2022_05_11_publisher_full-1.png)


Since the link section still isn't complete, there are still some very good AVP pics at http://avp.telefragged.com/images . This link is so popular I'll keep it here.
My hits already increased a lot when Gokuma linked me, but now Captain Mellow did as well, along with the two biggy doom news pages, so my hits are damn smooth.


text:
Alphabatical
Adrafinil
Agmatine Sulfate
Alpha-GPC
Aniracetam
Black Hoof Mushroom
CDP-choline
Centrophenoxine
Citicoline (CDP-choline)
Coluracetam
DMAE L-Bitartrate
Fasoracetam
Fladrafinil (CRL-40-941)
Lion's Mane Mushroom
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT)
Noopept
Oxiracetam
Phenibut
Phenylethylamine
Phenylpiracetam
Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide
Picamilon
Pramiracetam
PRL-8-53
Home / Nootropics / Magnesium Glycinate
Magnesium is a vital mineral used in many biological processes. It is an essential for neuroplasticity and ATP generation, both crucial for learning, memory, and cognitive function.
Magnesium deficiency affects many people in our modern world today.
It is found in green leafy vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, whole grains, poultry, steak, and salmon, among other meals. It may be one of the most significant components of any nootropic stack.
Magnesium has an essential role in brain plasticity. Memories fade when these signaling pathways are disrupted. And you begin to forget basic information such as people's names and phone numbers. Learning and memory are produced by your brain's ability to build new connections between neurons.
This is how new ideas and memories are produced and how memory and learning are formed. New ideas come effortlessly to a young individual with an active, agile brain. And thinks faster than someone whose brain has lost fluidity and whose patterns have become more set. Ion channels, or electrical switches in the brain, are controlled by magnesium ions.
The stronger the connections between neurons, the more signals these ion channels transmit.
Your brain can not make ATP without magnesium, and all brain function suffers as a result.
Magnesium supplementation can aid with age-related cognitive decline and anyone looking to improve their cognition, learning, recall, and memory. ù "Return to The Daily Debate" On various levels, magnesium is involved in memory, learning, and cognition. Treatment with magnesium-L-threonate reduces beta-amyloid deposits in the brain, according to research. And it can help restore memory by rebuilding signaling pathways in neurons.
PrevDMAE L-Bitartrate
Fladrafinil (CRL-40-941)Next
Noopept improves cognition & memory. It is structurally similar, but far more potent than Piracetam. Research found it increases levels of BDNF, which play a role in neuroplasticity & learning. It's been shown to improve learning & memory, reduce anxiety and depression symptoms.
Lion's mane mushroom is an edible nootropic mushroom native to North America, Europe, and Asia. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its health benefits, and more recently it has gained popularity as a nootropic supplement. Studies suggest it has several benefits, including improving cognitive function, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, and promoting nerve growth and regeneration.
Rhodiola rosea, also known as golden root or roseroot, is a herb that grows in the mountains of Europe and Asia. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to help improve mood, reduce stress and anxiety, and enhance physical and mental performance. Studies suggest that rhodiola rosea has nootropic effects, as it helps to improve cognitive function and brain health.
Sulbutiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a nootropic thought to improve memory and cognitive function, improves concentration and focus, reduces fatigue, increases ,ental energy, and supports mood and emotional well-being. It does that by increasing the brain's uptake of glucose, the primary source of energy for cells. Studies suggest that it may be useful in treating conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and depression, although more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.
Tongkat Ali is a supplement made from the roots of the Tongkat Ali plant. The roots are used to make an herbal supplement that is claimed to improve male sexual function and fertility.
Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide (also known as Fonturacetam) is a derivative of the performance-enhancing nootropic Phenylpiracetam. It has been gaining a lot of popularity since Phenylpiracetam was discontinued. It's a smart drug widely used to improve memory, stimulate the central nervous system (CNS), and improve overall cognition. Introduction Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide is an effective cognitive
MDMA, or ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug that induces feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and heightened sensations. It can also lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as dehydration. Ecstasy is often used in social situations, such as parties or clubs, and is sometimes used to facilitate sexual activity.
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, an amino acid that is often taken as a dietary supplement. It is sometimes used to help treat respiratory problems, such as bronchitis and asthma, and has also been shown to be helpful in treating liver disease. N-Acetyl L-Cysteine is thought to work by helping to remove toxins from the
CDP-cholin, or Citicoline, is a safe, potent, and extremely well-tolerated nootropic. It enhances memory and protects the brain serving as a neuroprotectant. In combination with other supplements, it works as a powerful potentiator, especially racetams. Overview Citicoline, also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline or cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from
What is Taurine? Taurine is an organic compound that is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is a principal constituent of bile and can also be found in the large intestine, which aids in fat absorption. Taurine is also in the bloodstream and plays a role in osmoregulation (water balance) and detoxification. It
Fladrafinil is a recently introduced wakefulness-promoting agent structurally similar to, as well as the prodrug, Modafinil. According to Wikipedia, a prodrug is a "compound that, after intake, is converted within the body…..prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability…this reduces adverse or unintended effects." This means, in simplified language, that our bodies convert Fladrafinil into
Overview Magnesium is a vital mineral used in many biological processes. It is an essential for neuroplasticity and ATP generation, both crucial for learning, memory, and cognitive function. Magnesium deficiency affects many people in our modern world today. It is found in green leafy vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, whole grains, poultry, steak,
Nootropics Information 2022 | All Rights Reversed.


Groups of friends and families looking for a real adventure in remote and extremely beautiful regions of Brazil and who value traveling off the beaten track, have a new tailored itinerary: Northern Adventures.This is a cross-country voyage through the changing landscapes of Northern Brazil; from rainforest to desert and cityscape to virgin seascape. Arrive in São Paulo, head to Belém followed by 5 days onboard a private cruise in the Rio Tapajós region of the Amazon; follow on to explore the crystalline lagoons in the Lençóis Maranhenses and finish off by relaxing in picturesque Jericoacoara.
An ideal "on the road with friends" kind of a trip, we hand-pick accommodation in each location. There are varying levels and styles of lodging. In São Paulo, one of the country's most luxurious boutique hotels; in the Amazon, 4 nights onboard a private cruise through the rainforest; in Lençóis Maranhenses simple and rustic butstrategically located options and in Jericoacoara, the ideal simple and chic beachfront hotel, to end the adventure on a high note.


Mongolians are not big sports fanatics, but the ones they do play, they are very passionate about. The three "manly sports" of Mongolia include: Mongolian Wrestling, archery, and horse racing. These are the three "manly sports" that Genghis Khan considered essential for any Mongol warrior, and are showcased every year at the Naadam Festival.
One of the best ways to enjoy these Mongolian sports is by joining in the celebrations of the Naadam festival which takes place in summer, usually early or mid-July.
Mongolian wrestling is one of the traditional sports of Mongolia. Mongolian wrestlers will wear a very small, tight-fitting waistcoat, as well as a belt and tight fitting underwear. Mongolian wrestlers will also wear a hat with various ribbons, and the ribbons signify how long they've been wrestling for. As well as being practical for fighting, the outfit has its own story.
The story goes that a female wrestler once took part in the Mongolian wrestling at the Naadam festival, without officials knowing, and proceeded to win. This was a big embarrassment once it was found out, and therefore the costume was made so that no woman could ever get away with disguising herself as a man again.
One unique aspect of Mongolian wrestling is the respect between competitors. The object, generally, is to defeat your opponent, not hurt him, not least because the games are held far away from any doctors or hospitals. Wrestlers will generally show respect; it is clear when respect is lost and they go in full whack (literally).
At the end of a match, Mongolian wrestlers show respect to their opponents by giving them a pat on the bum.
Some controversy behind Mongolian wrestling lies in the culture of deliberately losing a match. Many wrestlers will throw a match deliberately in earlier rounds, to give friends or family a chance of winning. This can also happen at events such as the Naadam festival where a Mongolian wrestler will travel to a different town or city to compete. If they fight against a local in the final round, they may throw the match deliberately to let the local person win and avoid hostility.
Indeed, our Mongolia Tour Leader Rich experienced this culture in his first Naadam festival. His first opponent lost, and he was met in the next round by a much larger Mongolian man. Needless to say he lost, but he definitely remembers not being slammed to the floor, but lowered gently (but firmly) so as not to break any bones. The only thing he may have lost was his dignity. Do quiz him on this if you come on a Koryo Tour to Mongolia! And get some pointers for when you have your turn at trying out Mongolian wrestling.
Mongolian wrestling is the first sport that kicks off the Naadam festival.
Before the wrestling begins, there will be a ritual amongst the professional wrestlers. Large Mongolian wrestlers do a traditional dance around the Mongolian flag in the centre of the stadium dressed as eagles, which is incredibly impressive to watch from the outside!
Wrestlers will then proceed to fight, working their way up as they win matches against their opponents, eventually reaching the final. The prize up for grabs is a medal, cash and pride.
You too can take part in Mongolian wrestling at the Naadam Festival by attending the festival in a smaller city or village. All you have to do is sign up on the morning, and prepare yourself! Don't worry if you don't have the traditional attire, many locals also have a go at Mongolian wrestling just in jeans and a t-shirt. If you start to win a couple of matches and work your way up, you'll then wear the waistcoat and traditional attire.
Mongolians will train for the whole year practicing Mongolian archery for the Naadam festival. If you know where to go, you can see them in towns and cities throughout the country at the various practice grounds.
Archers wear long clothing. The arrows are weighted with a piece of plastic or bone and have eagle feather ends, and bows are hand made with intricate designs. They are similar to an English long-bow, but much tougher. The Mongolian bow is also a lot shorter, making for practical use on horseback. They're made of a combination of materials: wood, animal bone and sinew, which offers them a huge amount of flexibility.
There is much more to Mongolian archery than you may expect – it's not simply trying to shoot an arrow at a target. There are various different competition types which are much more technical, with a lot more skills involved than first meets the eye!
Anyone can take part in this event, as long as you have your own bow and arrow gear.
Archery usually takes place during the wrestling at Naadam. If you are in a smaller town or city in a more rural location, the archery is usually close to the main stadium so you can go to watch whilst having a break from the wrestling.
This isn't always possible in Ulan Bator, since the main stadium is too far away from the archery location.
There are different competitor groups in the archery competition, and in recent years women have also been able to compete in their own category.
As with the wrestling, a medal, cash and pride are up for grabs.
In Mongolian horse racing, the jockeys are young children, usually boys.
There are various race horse categories all with specific names depending on the age of the horse. The older the horse, the longer the race. A Mongolian horse race can constitute anything from 10km to 27km. Routes are long and straight, in order to best test the stamina and character of the horses.
It is now law to wear protective clothing whilst racing, but many race without helmets.
During our last visit to Mongolia, Koryo Tours donated helmets to the people in the rural city of Hovd for use at the Naadam Festival, so you may see some Koryo Tours helmets whizzing past you!
Horse racing at the Naadam festival usually takes place just outside the city, and takes one afternoon to complete.
Spectators leave their Gers early in the morning and gather at the finish line with their cars to wait for the horses to race past the finish line. Once the first horse crosses the finish line, spectators will run towards the horse with large wooden sticks in order to catch the sweat from the horse, which they believe is lucky. The last horse through the finish line will also be applauded – there are no losers here (although they don't get a prize).
After one race is completed, the young jockeys will be loaded into a trailer and taken to the start line once more for their next race, as well as the competing horses. This is repeated several times throughout the afternoon until the end of the races!
Since the races are such a long distance, it can mean a bit of waiting before the winner crosses the finish line. But, don't fear! You certainly won't get bored amongst the multiple stalls and vendors selling food and small souvenirs. Plus, you it is a great chance to chill out with the locals and soak in the atmosphere.
Click here for more information on how you too can join in!


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text:
Middle East & AfricaFeb 24th 2018 edition
The jihadists' rainy-day fund
Islamic State has been stashing millions of dollars in Iraq and abroad
As their so-called caliphate crumbles, the jihadists are saving up to fight another day
Feb 22nd 2018
BEIRUT AND GAZIANTEP
GONE are the days when the black flag fluttered over a third of Iraq and almost half of Syria. Crushed on the battlefield, Islamic State has lost roughly 98% of its self-proclaimed "caliphate". Some 70,000 of its fighters (who numbered perhaps 100,000 at their peak) are thought to have been killed. But thousands have escaped. Some have remained in Iraq and Syria; others have slipped into Turkey or hooked up with IS affiliates in Egypt, Libya and South-East Asia. Around 10,000 of the group's foreign fighters are thought to have left the Middle East.
Those intent on continuing to wage jihad will still have the means. IS has quietly stashed millions of dollars across the region. It has invested in businesses in Iraq, bought gold in Turkey and continued to transfer money to its affiliates. "You wouldn't believe the amount of money that has gone out of IS' territory," says a former weapons-dealer involved in transferring the jihadists' cash. An Iraqi legislator estimates that IS smuggled $400m out of Iraq and Syria during its retreat.
Tycoons of terror
IS built up fat reserves of cash as it gained ground in Iraq and Syria. It sold oil from the fields it captured, taxed and robbed the people it ruled and stole perhaps $500m from Iraqi banks, making it the richest terrorist group in history. In 2015 the caliphate's GDP was estimated to be $6bn.
The traditional tools used to starve terrorists of funds by blocking foreign donations were of little use. So the American-led coalition against IS bombed the group's refineries and oil tankers, destroyed its stockpiles of cash and assassinated its money men. The Iraqi government stopped paying the salaries of government officials in IS territory to prevent the jihadists from taking a cut. The strategy worked, up to a point (see chart). The group's revenue from oil dropped and it was forced to trim the wages of its fighters. But IS was still able to milk the areas under its control. "It became clear that the most important way to address IS financing was to deprive it of territory," says an American counter-terrorism official.
The jihadists, though, appear to have anticipated their loss of land. Last March the group mandated the use of its own currency in eastern Syria, an order it later extended to currency dealers and money-transfer shops. This allowed IS to hoover up Syrian pounds and American dollars. In Iraq it has bankrolled hundreds of exchange houses. Dozens of these even took part in the Iraqi central bank's currency auctions in 2014 and 2015, allowing the group to convert Iraqi dinars into dollars, before the government at last cracked down on them.
Currency dealers in Turkish cities that border Syria say IS has been moving large sums of money out of its caliphate since early last year. The money flows through the hawala system, an informal web of money-transfer offices that is cheap, fast and almost impossible to regulate. The network of hawala shops in Syria and Turkey has expanded since the start of the Syrian war, allowing refugees, weapons-dealers, oil-smugglers and rebel groups to move cash in and out of the country.
Transactions involving IS cash, sometimes millions of dollars, can take weeks to complete. The largest are often too big for a single hawala shop to process on its own, so several dealers in Turkey, Europe, Lebanon and the Gulf are involved. The money is difficult to trace. Hawala dealers use the encrypted mobile-chat application WhatsApp to communicate with each other. They rarely keep detailed records of transactions or the names of customers.
Much of the cash has ended up in Turkey, where intelligence officials believe it is being stored by individuals for future operations, invested in gold and used to keep IS sleeper-cells active. "You only need $500 a month to feed and house a cell of two or three people," says Ahmet Yayla, the former head of counter-terrorism for the Turkish police. Investigations into the deadly attack on a nightclub in Istanbul on January 1st 2017 revealed that IS had established about 100 safe-houses in the city, where police found more than $500,000.
IS has also laundered its cash reserves by investing in legitimate businesses around the region. In Iraq it has used middlemen to buy farms, car-dealerships, hotels and hospitals. Most of the intermediaries are driven by profit rather than ideology, says Renad Mansour of Chatham House, a British think-tank. Many are tribal leaders or businessmen who have worked with the jihadists before, smuggling oil, weapons, goods and people.
Weak institutions and rampant corruption make it hard for Iraq to tackle the problem. Several ministries have tried to block terrorist financing, with little success. Politicians also benefit from the black market. Would-be whistleblowers fear that IS has spies inside the government.
IS also retains the ability to generate cash. It may use its businesses to siphon funds meant for rebuilding the region's wrecked cities. Extortion, smuggling and kidnapping will remain profitable, as the group shifts its focus from capturing territory to waging an insurgency. New and old money will keep the jihadists in business for years to come.
This article appeared in the Middle East & Africa section of the print edition under the headline "Islamic State's rainy-day fund"


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