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Environmental Systems Research
A hybrid fuzzy stochastic analytical hierarchy process (FSAHP) approach for evaluating ballast water treatment technologies
Liang Jing1,
Bing Chen1Email author,
Baiyu Zhang1 and
Hongxuan Peng1
Environmental Systems Research20132:10
© Jing et al.; licensee Springer. 2013
Received: 27 August 2013
Accepted: 4 November 2013
Environmental decisions can be complex because of the inherent trade-offs among environmental, social, ecological, and economic factors. This paper presents a novel hybrid fuzzy stochastic analytical hierarchy process (FSAHP) approach to aid decision making by incorporating fuzzy and stochastic uncertainty into the traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A case study related to ballast water management is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Nine experts from government ministries and academic institutions are invited to evaluate five treatment technologies (i.e., heat treatment, ultraviolet, ozone, ultrasound, and biocide) based on a number of criteria such as efficacy, capital cost, and human risk.
The experts' preferences over the set of alternatives are represented as linguistic terms instead of numerical values. The beta-PERT distribution is adopted to approximate the probability density functions of the values of their inputs. Statistical analysis indicates that ultraviolet has the highest score (0.22–0.24) in most replications and its overlap with the second-best alternative is statistically negligible. Ozone, ultrasound, and heat treatment are mostly found as the second-, third-, and fourth-best alternatives with considerable overlaps that may be reduced if more experts are involved.
As compared with the traditional AHP, the proposed FSAHP approach can not only take into account linguistic information but also capture the uncertainty associated with insufficient information and biased opinions in group decision-making problems.
FSAHP approach
Ballast water management
Group decision-making
Environmental decisions can be complex because of the inherent trade-offs among environmental, social, ecological, and economic factors [1, 2]. Many multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches have been developed to facilitate decision making under uncertainty [3–5]. Kornyshova and Salinesi [6] classified them into categories such as outranking methods, analytic hierarchy process, multiattribute utility theory, weighting methods, fuzzy methods, and multiobjective programming. Among them, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), first proposed by Saaty [7], is one of the most widely used MCDM approaches. It structures the rational analysis of decision making by dividing a problem into hierarchies including goal, criteria, subcriteria (if any), and decision alternatives. One of the most important features or, in other words, the strength of the AHP revolves around the possibility of evaluating quantitative as well as qualitative criteria and alternatives on the same preference scale. Pairwise comparison judgments are given by decision makers using numerical, verbal or graphical scales and are subsequently synthesized to obtain the overall priorities. This comparison enables the AHP to capture subjective and quantitative judgment made by decision makers. Many attempts have been reported in the literature to apply the AHP in problems with high complexity and uncertainty, especially in the environmental sector [8–13].
However, the AHP has been criticized for its inability to quantify the uncertainty associated with decision making [14]. Banuelas and Antony [15] highlighted that the basic theory of the AHP does not allow any statistical conclusion to be drawn. Rosenbloom [16] stated that a small difference in the utilities of alternatives may not be appropriate to conclude that one alternative is superior to the other. Carlucci and Schiuma [17] argued that the AHP is not able to address the interactions and feedback dependencies between the elements of a decision problem. In addition, in many real-world applications, the available information is imprecise, incomplete and occasionally unreliable due to the unquantifiable nature of data or lack of knowledge. Human experts tend to use linguistic terms (e.g., good, poor, excellent) to express their judgments which can not be handled effectively using crisp scales.
To overcome the aforementioned limitations, much research effort has therefore been directed towards taking uncertainties (e.g., fuzzy sets and probability distributions) into account in the AHP. On one hand, to capture linguistic information, Yu [18] employed an absolute term linearization technique and a fuzzy rating expression into a GP-AHP model for solving fuzzy AHP problems. Tolga et al. [13] combined the use of fuzzy set theory with the AHP to address the uncertainty of assigning crisp concepts in decision-making topics. Tesfamariam and Sadiq [19] incorporated uncertainty into the AHP using fuzzy arithmetic operations for environmental risk management. Chowdhury and Husain [8] integrated fuzzy set theory, the AHP, and the concept of entropy to select the best management plan for a drinking water facility. Kaya and Kahraman [10] proposed a hybrid fuzzy AHP-ELECTRE approach for modeling the uncertainty of linguistic expression. On the other hand, to deal with insufficient information and opinion difference in group decision-making processes, pairwise comparison elements were suggested to be viewed as random variables and computed via Monte Carlo simulation by Rosenbloom [16], Eskandari and Rabelo [20] and Jing et al. [21]. To date, triangular distribution is the most commonly used distribution for modeling expert judgment in the AHP [15, 22]. However, it may place too much emphasis on the most likely value at the expense of the values to either side [23]. It is possible to overcome this disadvantage of the triangular distribution by using the beta-PERT distribution. The beta-PERT distribution has also been widely used for modeling expert judgments and providing a close fit to normal distributions with less demand for data [24, 25]. Although various types of uncertainty have been discussed in the literature, there has been no study investigating the feasibility of incorporating both fuzzy and stochastic uncertainty into the AHP.
In response to this, in this paper, a hybrid fuzzy stochastic analytical hierarchy process (FSAHP) approach is developed by integrating the beta-PERT distribution, fuzzy set theory, pairwise comparison and Monte Carlo simulation. A real-world case study for ballast water management is presented to test the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach in a group decision-making environment. Ballast water is carried by ships to acquire the optimum operating depth of the propeller and to maintain maneuverability and stability [26]. It is recognized as the principle source of invasive species and pollutants in coastal freshwater and marine ecosystems, causing severe negative effects on the environment and human health [27–30]. To address the associated concerns, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted many legal instruments whereby ships will be required to establish a ballast water management system between 2009 and 2016 [31]. Many treatment technologies such as filtration, heat treatment, hydrocyclone, ultraviolet, ozonation, oxidization, electric pulse, and deoxygenation have been tested and applied to remove unwanted species and pollutants from ballast water [29]. However, Gregg and Hallegraeff [32] argued that no treatment option had been shown fully biologically effective, environmentally friendly, safe and practical for onboard applications. In addition, the performance of most treatment processes is likely to be affected by the cold environment and unpredictable weather conditions [26, 29]. The evaluation of their applicability and associated risk is of paramount importance and lacks in-depth research. How to choose the best technology from a sustainability metrics perspective still exists as a challenge to the government and other public bodies with environmental responsibilities.
Fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers
Zadeh [33] first introduced the concept of fuzzy set theory which was oriented to the rationality of uncertainty due to imprecision or vagueness. Fuzzy set theory is an extension of the classical set theory in which elements have grades of membership ranging from 0 to 1. A triangular fuzzy number (TFN) is defined by its membership function μ(x) as
μ x = x - a / ( b - a ) , x - c / ( b - c ) , 0 , a ≤ x ≤ b b ≤ x ≤ c otherwise
where a, b and c denote the minimum, most likely, and maximum values, respectively. Fuzzy numbers are well suited to represent the imprecise nature of judgments, such as linguistic terms used by human experts. Some basic arithmetic operations of fuzzy numbers can be found at Kaufmann et al. [34].
Stochastic programming
Monte Carlo simulation, which applies probability theory to address variable and uncertain phenomena, relies on statistical representation of available information. It has been widely applied to obtain more detailed information for systems that are too complex to be solved analytically. Monte Carlo simulation in its simplest form involves random sampling from a probability distribution. Various probability distributions (e.g., uniform, normal, beta, and lognormal) have been used in connection with Monte Carlo simulation to model the uncertainty of environmental systems. Banuelas and Antony [15] presented a modified analytic hierarchy process with triangular probability distribution to include uncertainty in the judgments. Li and Chen [35] developed a fuzzy-stochastic-interval linear programming (FSILP) approach for supporting municipal solid waste management by tackling uncertainties expressed in normal probability distributions, fuzzy membership functions and discrete intervals. Jing et al. [25] proposed a Monte Carlo simulation aided analytic hierarchy process (MC–AHP) approach by employing the beta-PERT distribution to prioritize nonpoint source pollution mitigation strategies. Jing et al. [21] further integrated the uniform distribution with interval judgment to a hybrid stochastic-interval analytic hierarchy process (SIAHP) framework for group decision making on wastewater reuse. In this paper, the beta-PERT distribution is employed to model expert judgment. It uses the most likely, minimum, and maximum values of expert estimates to generate a distribution that more closely resembles realistic probability distribution.
Fuzzy stochastic analytic hierarchy process (FSAHP)
The proposed FSAHP approach is capable of capturing not only a human's appraisal of ambiguity but also the uncertainty introduced by the lack of information or scattered opinions. Experts' linguistic assessments are aggregated to approximate a series of beta-PERT distributions for randomized fuzzy pairwise comparisons. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to generate random fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices (FPCMs), calculate the fuzzy weights, and produce the final scores for each decision alternative. The detailed steps are summarized as follows:
Step 1: Structure the decision problem into a hierarchy of interrelated subproblems that can be analyzed independently. The hierarchy usually includes a main goal, criteria, and alternatives, from the top to the bottom. Each criterion may be further decomposed to a number of lower-level subcriteria as a new level. The goal, criteria, subcriteria (if any), and alternatives can be determined through literature reviews and collective discussions.
Step 2: Linguistic judgments on each alternative and criterion with respect to the elements on the level immediately above can be obtained from experts through questionnaires, surveys, interviews, expert panels, and direct observations. Instead of using a crisp ratio scale, seven TFNs (Figure 1) are used to represent linguistic terms with the expectation that experts will feel more comfortable using such terms in their assessment. It should be noted that such a verbal clarification becomes impractical when too many rating scales (e.g., 10-point format) are involved because the level of agreement becomes too fine to be easily expressed in words [36].
Membership spread of linguistic scales.
Step 3: For the assessment of each alterative and criterion, the number of TFNs should be equal to the number of experts. The minimum (a), most likely (b) and maximum (c) values of the TFNs are aggregated into three individual groups. In order to generate random TFNs, Equations 2–5 are used to approximate an independent beta-PERT distribution for each group.
mean = min + 4 modal + max N
stdev = max - min N
α = mean - min max - min mean - min max - mean stde v 2 - 1
β = max - mean mean - min * α
where mean, min, modal, max, stdev denote the mean, smallest, most probable, largest values, and standard deviations of a, b, and c, respectively; N is the number of experts; α and β are the shape factors. Equations 6–8 are then used to generate random numbers (i.e., random a , random b , random c ) that follow the beta-PERT distributions for a, b, and c, respectively. It is noteworthy that the triangular shape needs to be verified to validate these random numbers.
rando m a = mi n a + betarnd α a , β a * ma x a - mi n a
rando m b = mi n b + betarnd α b , β b * ma x b - mi n b
rando m c = mi n c + betarnd α c , β c * ma x c - mi n c
where betarnd denotes standard Matlab function (i.e., beta distribution) which returns a random number between 0 and 1.
Step 4: Set up fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices (FPCMs) for each hierarchy level based on fuzzy arithmetic. For example, when m alternatives (C 1 …C m ) on a given level are evaluated against each other with regard to the p th criterion (p = 1, 2, 3…n) on the preceding level, an m × m FPCM is obtained as below
C 1 C 2 C 3 ⋯ C m C 1 C 2 C 3 ⋮ C m 1 , 1 , 1 x ˜ 12 x ˜ 13 ⋯ x ˜ 1 m 1 / x ˜ 12 1 , 1 , 1 x ˜ 23 ⋯ x ˜ 2 m 1 / x ˜ 13 1 / x ˜ 23 1 , 1 , 1 ⋯ x ˜ 3 m ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 1 / x ˜ 1 m 1 / x ˜ 2 m 1 / x ˜ 3 m ⋯ 1 , 1 , 1
To calculate each non-diagonal fuzzy element (e.g., x ˜ 13 ), the dominance of one alternative or criterion over another is determined by the division of two TFNs. For example, if the random TFNs for C 1 and C 3 are (a1, b1, c1) and (a3, b3, c3), respectively, then x ˜ 13 = a 1 / c 3 , b 1 / b 3 , c 1 / a 3 and 1 / x ˜ 13 = a 3 / c 1 , b 3 / b 1 , c 3 / a 1 .
Step 5: Calculate the fuzzy weights of each FPCM. For example, in Equation 9, the geometric means of each row and the corresponding fuzzy weights are obtained using Equations 10–13. The weight assessing method by geometric mean is applied because of its simplicity and ease when dealing with fuzzy matrices [10].
a i = ∏ j = 1 m a ij 1 / m ; b i = ∏ j = 1 m b ij 1 / m ; c i = ∏ j = 1 m c ij 1 / m for i = 1 , 2 , … , m
a sum = ∑ i = 1 m a i ; b sum = ∑ i = 1 m b i ; c sum = ∑ i = 1 m c i
w ˜ ip = a i c sum , b i b sum , c i a sum for i = 1 , 2 , … , m
where a ij , b ij , and c ij are the minimum, most likely, and maximum values of each non-diagonal fuzzy element x ˜ ij , respectively; m is the size of the FPCM or the number of decision alternatives; a i , b i , and c i are the geometric means of the minimum, most likely, and maximum values of the fuzzy elements on the i th row, respectively; a sum , b sum , and c sum are the sum of a i , b i , and c i , respectively; and w ˜ ip are the fuzzy weights of the i th alternative against the p th criterion. Repeating this step to obtain all other w ˜ ip and w ˜ p , which are the fuzzy weights of the p th criterion in terms of the goal.
Step 6: As with the traditional AHP, the proposed FSAHP approach also measures the inconsistency of each FPCM. Due to the presence of fuzzy numbers, the traditional consistency algorithms are not effective in addressing such uncertainties. Hence, in this paper, a new inconsistency index (CI F ) based on the distance of the matrix to a specific consistent matrix is adopted from Ramík and Korviny [37].
s i L = min i b i a i ⋅ a i b sum
s i M = b i b sum
s i U = max i b i c i ⋅ c i b sum
C I F = γ ⋅ max i , j max s i L s j U - a ij , s i M s j M - b ij , s i U s j L - c ij
γ = 1 max σ - σ 2 - 2 m / m , σ 2 2 m 2 / m - 2 - 2 m m / m - 2 if σ < m 2 m / m - 2 γ = 1 max σ - σ 2 - 2 m / m , σ 2 m - 2 / m - σ if σ ≥ m 2 m / m - 2
where s i L , s i M , and s i U are the minimum, most likely, and maximum values of the optimal solution that has the minimal measure of fuzziness, respectively; σ is the linguistic scale (i.e., [1/7, 7] in this study); γ is the normality constant; CI F is the inconsistency index of a FPCM such that a value of 0.1 or less is considered to be acceptable, otherwise the FPCM should be revised.
Step 7: The overall fuzzy priorities w ˜ i of the i th alternative can be calculated by aggregating the weights throughout the hierarchy:
w ˜ i = ∑ p = 1 n w ˜ ip × w ˜ p
where w ˜ ip are the fuzzy merits of the i th alternative with regard to the p th criterion, respectively; w ˜ p are the fuzzy weights of the p th criterion against the goal; and n is the number of evaluation criteria.
Step 8: Defuzzify w ˜ i by using the center of gravity (COG) method and rank the decision alternatives based on their normalized crisp overall scores w i .
w i * = ∫ a c x μ w ˜ i x dx ∫ a c μ w ˜ i x dx
w i = w i * ∑ i = 1 m w i *
where w i * are the crisp overall scores of the i th alternative; a and c denote the support of w ˜ i ; μ w ˜ i x are the corresponding membership functions of w ˜ i ; and w i are the normalized crisp overall scores of each decision alternative and are sequenced from high to low in the order of 1 to 5. To validate this ranking scheme, or in other words, the defuzzification results, Chen's fuzzy ranking method is also employed to further compare the overall fuzzy priorities w ˜ i and rank them from the highest to the lowest [38].
Step 9: Repeat Steps 4 to 8 for a number of iterations (e.g., 1000, 5000), the overall scores of alternatives can be obtained and plotted as probability density functions rather than as point values.
This case study was conducted to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed FSAHP approach in addressing uncertainty in the context of group decision-making. A cargo shop was assumed to be required for an onboard ballast water treatment system in order to operate in the North Atlantic. The decision alternatives and evaluation criteria were determined based on literature review and discussion with experts from governmental ministries and academic institutions. The experts were further invited to fill out the questionnaire on the basis of linguistic terms. Their opinions were analyzed and interpreted to facilitate the implementation of the FSAHP approach.
Hierarchy structure
As depicted in Figure 2, the goal was to select the best onboard treatment technology in order to eliminate invasive microorganisms and to remove water soluble organics from ballast water, particularly in the harsh environments. Five treatment technologies including heat treatment, ultraviolet (UV), ozone, ultrasound, and biocide were chosen [26–30]. Heat treatment is capable of killing invasive species embedded in sediment that has accumulated at the bottom of the ballast tanks. It should be pointed out that discharging warm water potentially threatens biological communities and a complete treatment process may take hours or days, which is not always practical. Despite the potential threats posed by mercury contamination and genetic mutation, UV manages to eliminate microorganisms by breaking chemical bonds in DNA and RNA molecules and cell proteins [29]. Recently, ozone has been widely employed in removing microorganisms from ballast water. The often-cited disadvantages of using ozone as a disinfectant have been reported as the possible formation of toxic byproducts, low solubility, and high instability [39]. Ultrasound can induce the collapse of microscopic gas bubbles in the exposed liquid and lead to the rupture of cell membranes, yet it is less effective in killing some microorganisms such as bacteria [40]. Many chemical biocides have been documented as possible treatment options to the problem of ballast-mediated invasive species. However, some concerns, such as risks from storage and handling, high operational and material cost, and possible discharge of toxic residues need to be taken into account [32]. Based on the recommendations from literature [29, 41, 42] and expert opinions, in this study, eight evaluation criteria including efficacy on microorganisms, efficacy on organic pollutants, adaptability to harsh environment, capital cost, operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, human health risk, ecological risk, and waste production were chosen.
Hierarchy structure of the ballast water treatment technology selection problem.
In the absence of quantitative data about each alternative, experts' qualitative judgments were used to measure the priorities of alternatives. The linguistic assessments for the qualitative attributes were provided by nine local experts from governmental ministries (environmental division) and academic institutions (professors and graduate students at Memorial University of Newfoundland). They were asked to rate the performance of each alternative and the importance of each criterion using the linguistic scales provided in Figure 1. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the linguistic assessments made by each participating expert. These assessments were aggregated in groups such that the beta-PERT distributions of each group can be estimated to generate random TFNs. For example, the performance of heat, ultraviolet, ozone, ultrasound and biocide with respect to their efficacy on microorganisms was randomly generated as C (2, 3, 4), G (6, 7, 7), G (6, 7, 7), E (4, 5, 6) and F (5, 6, 7), respectively. To obtain the corresponding FPCM (Equation 21), elements in the first row were given by the fuzzy comparisons between the performance of heat (2, 3, 4) and all the others, respectively. The consistency of this FPCM was less than 0.1, which was acceptable, and the fuzzy weights of each alternative were able to be calculated. It should be noted that the number of Monte Carlo iterations used for this case study was determined as 1000 by taking time constraints and the efficiency of convergence into account [22].
Heat Ultraviolet Ozone Ultrasound Biocide Heat 1 , 1 , 1 2 , 3 , 4 6 , 7 , 7 2 , 3 , 4 6 , 7 , 7 2 , 3 , 4 4 , 5 , 6 2 , 3 , 4 5 , 6 , 7 Ultraviolet 2 , 3 , 4 6 , 7 , 7 - 1 1 , 1 , 1 6 , 7 , 7 6 , 7 , 7 6 , 7 , 7 4 , 5 , 6 6 , 7 , 7 5 , 6 , 7 Ozone 2 , 3 , 4 6 , 7 , 7 - 1 6 , 7 , 7 6 , 7 , 7 - 1 1 , 1 , 1 6 , 7 , 7 4 , 5 , 6 6 , 7 , 7 5 , 6 , 7 Ultrasound 2 , 3 , 4 4 , 5 , 6 - 1 6 , 7 , 7 4 , 5 , 6 - 1 6 , 7 , 7 4 , 5 , 6 - 1 1 , 1 , 1 4 , 5 , 6 5 , 6 , 7 Biocide 2 , 3 , 4 5 , 6 , 7 - 1 6 , 7 , 7 5 , 6 , 7 - 1 6 , 7 , 7 5 , 6 , 7 - 1 4 , 5 , 6 5 , 6 , 7 - 1 1 , 1 , 1
Expert assessment for ballast water treatment technologies
Expert assessment
Efficacy on microorganisms
Efficacy on organics
Adaptability to harsh environment
Capital cost
O&M cost
Human risk
Ecological risk
Waste production
Expert assessment for evaluation criteria
Best treatment technology
The results and statistics were obtained by following the proposed FSAHP approach. Figure 3, for example, depicts the probability density of the scores of each alternative with respect to the criterion of human health risk after 1,000 iterations. The histogram bar plot clearly demonstrates that heat treatment (0.26–0.33) appeared to be the most attractive solution in terms of the lowest health risk, followed by ozone (0.16–0.25) without any overlap. Ultrasound, biocide, and UV were seen as the least preferable option with considerable overlaps between each other, implying that experts were not confident about ranking one over the others. The correlation coefficients between the scores of ultrasound and biocide, biocide and UV, and ultrasound and UV were -0.201, -0.476, and 0.308, respectively. A negative correlation coefficient between two variables usually implies that the increase of one variable is associated with the decrease of the other. One the other hand, a positive correlation coefficient means that two variables increase (or decrease) simultaneously in the same direction. These principles become more prominent as the absolute value of a correlation coefficient close to 1. In this case study, negative correlation coefficients can be interpreted as larger overlaps as compared to positive correlation coefficients based on the fact that the scores were closely distributed (Figure 3). Tables 3 and 4 further validate these conclusions by showing the ranking of alternative priorities based on the COG and Chen's defuzzification methods, respectively. A statistical test of the null hypothesis that heat treatment was not the probabilistic optimal alternative (versus the alternate assumption that it was) was conducted to examine if the difference between it and the second best option (i.e., ozone) was statistically significant. Heat treatment was ranked first by both methods with the confidence level exceeding 95%, indicating the null assumption that it is not probabilistic optimal (versus the alternate assumption that it is) is rejected. Ultrasound took the third place in more than 75% of the iterations while UV had the least preference in over 70% of the cases. From the technical perspective, the results were expected because heat sources such as waste heat from the engine jacket coolers and additional auxiliary boiler are usually not accessible by most crew members. On the other hand, short-term exposure to high level ozone can temporarily influence lung function and respiratory tract; meanwhile, some by-products (e.g., bromate) produced from ozonation may also pose risks to human health. UV was ranked as the least preferable alternative because excessive human exposure to UV is positively associated with severe health problems including photoaged skin, ocular diseases, and skin cancers.
Probability distributions of alternative scores with regard to human risk.
Ranking with regard to human risk based on the COG method
Treatment technology
Ranking with regard to human risk based on Chen's method
The probability density distributions of criteria weights using the kernel-smoothing method are plotted in Figure 4. It reveals that efficacy on microorganisms, adaptability to harsh environments, O&M cost, and human health risk were the most influential criteria that need to be prioritized in the decision making process. The overall scores of each alternative towards the goal are shown in Figure 5 as histograms. Another statistical test of the null hypothesis that UV was not the probabilistic optimal alternative (versus the alternate assumption that it was) was conducted. Tables 5 and 6 reveal that UV was ranked with the highest overall score at 100% confidence level, indicating that the null assumption that it was not probabilistic optimal (versus the alternate assumption that it is) was rejected. Ozone, heat treatment, and ultrasound had the second, third, and fourth places at the confidence levels of 61.0–71.4%, 56.0–68.4%, and 78.4 - 84.6%, respectively. Figure 6 further supports this ranking scheme by using box plot to graphically illustrate the minimum, lower quartiles, medians, upper quartiles, and maximum of the overall scores. It indicates that the score distribution of ozone has a remarkable overlap with that of ultrasound as their medians, lower percentiles, and upper percentiles are close to each other. Nonetheless, ozone has a wider spread of scores as compared to ultrasound, suggesting that the experts were more unanimous on the performance of ultrasound during their assessment. Another interesting point to note is that both COG and Chen's methods produced similar defuzzification results, which demonstrated their applicability in the proposed FSAHP approach. In addition, the results also depicted that the proposal approach can well address linguistic inputs in group decision making processes. The decision makers would be more comfortable and confident to give vague judgments rather than evaluating pairwise comparisons using single numeric values. Verbal assessments were collected and compared against with each other wherein the priorities of each alternative were determined. The use of the beta-PERT distribution was also able to lessen the uncertainty caused by insufficient information or biased opinions.
Probability density estimates of decision criteria weights.
Probability distributions of alternative overall scores.
Summary of the simulation results for the final ranking based on the COG method
Summary of the simulation results for the final ranking based on Chen's method
Box plots of overall scores for each alternative.
As one of the most widely exploited multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been well documented in the literature. However, it has been criticized for its inability to quantify the uncertainty associated with decision making. In this paper, a hybrid fuzzy stochastic analytical hierarchy process (FSAHP) approach was developed in order to assist decision making with more confidence by integrating fuzzy set theory, probabilistic distribution, pairwise comparison and Monte Carlo simulation. A case study related to ballast water management was carried out to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach. Five treatment technologies were evaluated against a number of environmental, economic, and technical criteria by nine experts. The results revealed that UV was ranked with the highest overall score at 100% confidence level, indicating that the null assumption that it was not probabilistic optimal (versus the alternate assumption that it is) was rejected. Ozone, heat treatment, and ultrasound had the second, third, and fourth places at the confidence levels of 61.0–71.4%, 56.0–68.4%, and 78.4 - 84.6%, respectively. Considerable overlaps existed among these three alternatives which may be attributed to the irreducible uncertainty caused by subjective judgments or lack of knowledge. The results also revealed that both COG and Chen's defuzzification methods were able to provide the decision makers with reliable decision references. The proposed FSAHP approach can offer a number of benefits such as the capability of capturing human's appraisal of ambiguity and addressing the effects of uncertain judgment when dealing with insufficient information or biased opinions. However, this approach is highly sensitive to expert dependence whereby any misjudgment may affect its reliability and efficiency. As a complex methodology, it requires more computational efforts in assessing composite priorities than the traditional AHP.
Special thanks go to American Bureau of Shipping Harsh Environment Technology Centre (ABS-HETC), Research & Development Corporation Newfoundland and Labrador (RDC NL), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and Memorial University of Newfoundland for funding this work.
40068_2013_21_MOESM1_ESM.tiff Authors' original file for figure 1
The authors declared that they have no competing interest.
LJ and BC co-developed the FSAHP method for group decision-making and conducted the design of the study. BZ and HP participated in the design of questionnaire, acquisition of data and data analysis. LJ performed data analysis and drafted the manuscript, which BC, BZ and HP helped edit and polish. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada
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The 2016 Northern Trust Open Champion won the event for the second time in three years with True Temper Dynamic Gold Tour Issue shafts in his irons and a Grafalloy BiMatrx shaft in his driver.
1, T2 and 4 played with shafts by True Temper in their irons.
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text:
Vijay's Master storms past Rs 100cr worldwide, crosses 50Cr-mark in TN alone
Regional Cinema | Jan 16, 2021, 01:19 PM IST
The Tamil film Master, starring Thalapathy Vijay and Vijay Sethupathi, has grossed over Rs 100 cr worldwide and Rs 50 crore in Tamil Nadu alone within the first three days and is all set to be remade in Hindi.
ICC Test Rankings: Kohli closes gap with top-ranked Smith despite India's horror show in Adelaide
Cricket | Dec 20, 2020, 04:10 PM IST
Although he remained at the second spot in the ICC rankings, the half-century helped him gain two points to reduce the gap between him and Smith from 25 to 13
Simranjit Kaur storms into final of boxing World Cup in Germany
Other Sports | Dec 18, 2020, 08:22 PM IST
The event features boxers from the host country, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, France, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland and Ukraine.
People wait to watch Tanmay's love story as Sayonee trailer storms social media with over 10L views
The trailer of Tanmay Ssingh and Musskan Sethi starrer "Sayonee" has stormed the social media with over 10 Lakh views.
4 of 5 cyclones in 2020 were in severe cyclonic storms category and above
India | Dec 06, 2020, 05:44 PM IST
Four of the five cyclones that originated either in the Bay of Bengal or in the Arabian Sea this year were in the category of severe cyclonic storm' or above including Amphan which had escalated into a super cyclone.
French Open 2020: Rafael Nadal storms into fourth round; Stanislas Wawrinka crashes out
Tennis | Oct 03, 2020, 10:18 AM IST
Nadal, who is seeking a 20th Grand Slam title to equal Roger Federer's record, on Friday defeated Travaglia 6-1, 6-4, 6-0 to register his 96th victory at Roland Garros.
2 tropical storms heading for double blow to US Gulf Coast
World | Aug 23, 2020, 07:31 AM IST
Two tropical storms advanced across the Caribbean on Saturday night as potentially historic threats to the U.S. Gulf Coast, one dumping rain on Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands while the other was pushing through the gap between Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and Cuba.
Tropical storms Laura, Marco pose double threat to US Gulf Coast
Tropical Storm Laura and a depression that is likely to become Tropical Storm Marco have such bad and good environments ahead of them that their futures were not clear Friday. Computer forecast models varied so much that some saw Laura becoming a major hurricane nearing the U.S., while others saw it dissipating.
Max Verstappen storms to unlikely victory in 70th Anniversary Grand Prix
Formula 1 | Aug 09, 2020, 08:55 PM IST
The Red Bull driver crossed the line at Silverstone 11.3 seconds clear of Hamilton, with Valtteri Bottas third.
Urvashi Rautela's 'Beyonce mode' dance video storms the internet, watch
Celebrities | Jun 02, 2020, 05:56 PM IST
"BEYONCE MODE ON shot this a month back... been super obsessed with savage since past 2 months haha," Urvashi wrote along with the lyrics of the song as caption.
Heavy rain, hailstorm hits Delhi
India | May 14, 2020, 09:19 PM IST
Heavy rain, accompanied by a hailstorm, lashed parts of Delhi on Thursday. The rainfall started around 5.00 pm, followed by a hailstorm minutes later. The rain and cloudy skies also led to a dip in the temperature.
Heavy rain, hailstorm in Delhi, Noida and Ghaziabad
India | Apr 30, 2020, 06:49 PM IST
Weather in Delhi, Noida, and Ghaziabad took a turn on Thursday as it began to rain. Hailstorms too accompanied, bringing down the temperatures in the National Capital Region.
Mild dust storms deteriorate Delhi air quality; partly cloudy sky on forecast
India | Apr 16, 2020, 11:22 AM IST
Maximum and minimum temperatures in the national capital will hover over 38 and 24 degrees, respectively. The Indian Meteorological Department has predicted "partly cloudy sky for Thursday.
Delhi's air quality may worsen due to western dust storms
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, here on Tuesday, said the air quality of the national capital could to deteriorate due to approaching dust storms from western India.
Storms tear through South amid pandemic; more than 30 dead
World | Apr 14, 2020, 06:57 AM IST
Storms that killed more than 30 people in the Southeast, piling fresh misery atop a pandemic, spread across the eastern United States on Monday, leaving more than 1 million homes and businesses without power amid floods and mudslides.
Easter storms sweep South, killing at least 6 in Mississippi
Strong storms pounded the Deep South on Sunday, killing at least six people in south Mississippi and damaging up to 300 homes and other buildings in northern Louisiana.
New NASA mission to study causes of solar particle storms
Mar 31, 2020, 11:08 PM IST
NASA is planning to launch a new mission to study how the Sun generates and releases giant space weather storms -- known as solar particle storms -- into planetary space.
Aishwarya Rai Bachchan's lookalike Manasi storms the internet. Seen her viral TikTok videos yet?
Celebrities | Mar 19, 2020, 02:29 PM IST
Several of Manasi's pictures are doing the rounds on the Internet and, looking at the snapshots, many netizens feel that they are reminded of Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in her early days in the film industry.
Oman Open: Sharath Kamal storms into final of men's singles
Other Sports | Mar 15, 2020, 06:23 PM IST
Sharath Kamal pulled off a stunning victory against Russia's Kirill Skachkov to enter the men's singles final in Oman Open.
Australian Open: Alexander Zverev storms into semifinal with win over Stanislas Wawrinka
Tennis | Jan 29, 2020, 12:31 PM IST
Alexander Zverev beat Switzerland's Stanislas Wawrinka in four sets to reach the semifinal of the 2020 Australian Open.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Eye/Saw Theatre
Theatre reviews and more
Musicals, Off-West End/London Fringe, Review
Blondel, Union Theatre, London ★★★
Posted by Scott M on June 25, 2017 December 27, 2017
Reviewed for Musical Theatre Review:
The knowledge that Blondel was Tim Rice's first musical after his split with Andrew Lloyd Webber adds an extra piquancy to some of its knowing lines. Who needs lyrics, muses the show's eponymous troubadour Blondel, when it's the music that really makes people take notice?
In this comic rock take on King Richard I's Crusades, it is a rather disingenuous question. For while Stephen Oliver's music may contain none of the killer melodies that dominated Rice's collaboration with Lloyd Webber, it does help to show off Rice's penchant for humour.
In his previous works, such frivolities would have been out of place if used too extensively – Jesus Christ Superstar with more than one 'King Herod's Song' just does not bear thinking about.
Here, though, the book (co-written by Rice and Tom Williams) takes the legend of the troubadour, who was reputed to have rescued King Richard after his capture while returning from the Crusade, and turns it into a knockabout farce.
Neil Moors' Richard is a denim-clad, charismatic leader whose exploits abroad are spurred on by a craving for adoration, at the expense of the serfs he leaves behind.
He is the polar opposite of his unctuous, serpentine brother John, whose reign of terror as Regent is far worse than his brother's mere negligence.
James Thackeray crafts a fine line in villainy in the role, even as the greater villain, as fought by Blondel's fiery girlfriend Fiona (Jessie May), is inequality and indifference.
The themes of the musical, which first graced London stages in 1983 with a revamped production in 2006, still feel acutely relevant today.
Lines about leaders embarking upon misadventures in the Middle East to distract from problems at home, and of the rich exploiting the poor, never seem to age. Even Richard's imprisonment by, and attempted escape from, Austrian Duke Leopold elicits light bulbs of recognition as the band of plucky Brits attempt to extricate themselves from Europe.
There is much to enjoy here – most notably Michael Burgen's assassin, hired by John to prevent the King from ever returning to England and who forms an unlikely, but highly engaging, double act with Connor Arnold's Blondel as they traverse Europe.
But despite Arnold's best efforts, the central character of Blondel remains the show's weakest link. Williams and Rice seem to like spending more time with the show's numerous minor characters. And with the central story being ultimately straightforward, having swathes of exposition via a group of monks singing barbershop is unnecessary, no matter how pleasantly and humorously delivered.
Blondel's name may not have lived on in history the same way as his contemporary Robin Hood. The same fate, of knowledge but not adulation, befell this musical. And, while this brief sojourn into the sunlight amuses, one is left feeling that Blondel shall, after the final curtain, fade once more.
But in the meantime, and despite the musical's inherent flaws, director Sasha Regan, her choreographer Chris Whittaker and musical director Simon Holt have cajoled the work into a couple of hours of entertaining fun.
Previous Post Taj Express, Sadler's Wells, London ★★★½
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Beirut, Park Theatre ★★★
Julius Caesar, Bridge Theatre, London ★★★★
The Crystal Egg, The Vaults, London ★★★
Bananaman: The Musical, Southwark Playhouse, London ★★½
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>> Top 50 Short Positive Quotes To Inspire You!
I put together my top 50 short, positive quotes from my collection of posters for you to check out!
I chose them because they are powerful, kind of like a pack of dynamite. These short positive quotes may be small, but they make quite the impact.


text:
Thermal maturity map of Devonian shale in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins of North America
Scientific Investigations Map 3214
By: Joseph A. East, Christopher S. Swezey, John E. Repetski, and Daniel O. Hayba
https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3214
Document: Index Page (html)
Plate: Sim3214 (pdf)
Paper version: In stock and available from the USGS Store
Much of the oil and gas in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins of eastern North America is thought to be derived from Devonian shale that is within these basins (for example, Milici and others, 2003; Swezey, 2002, 2008, 2009; Swezey and others, 2005, 2007). As the Devonian strata were buried by younger sediments, the Devonian shale was subjected to great temperature and pressure, and in some areas the shale crossed a thermal maturity threshold and began to generate oil. With increasing burial (increasing temperature and pressure), some of this oil-generating shale crossed another thermal maturity threshold and began to generate natural gas. Knowledge of the thermal maturity of the Devonian shale is therefore useful for predicting the occurrence and the spatial distribution of oil and gas within these three basins. This publication presents a thermal maturity map of Devonian shale in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins. The map shows outlines of the three basins (dashed black lines) and an outline of Devonian shale (solid black lines). The basin outlines are compiled from Thomas and others (1989) and Swezey (2008, 2009). The outline of Devonian shale is a compilation from Freeman (1978), Thomas and others (1989), de Witt and others (1993), Dart (1995), Nicholson and others (2004), Dicken and others (2005a,b), and Stoeser and others (2005).
Scientific Investigations Map
10.3133/sim3214
Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
Sheet: 40.33 x 33.19 inches
Alabama;Illinois;Indiana;Kentucky;Maryl;Michigan;Mississippi;New York;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Tennessee;Virginia;West Virginia
Appalachian Basin
Albers Equal-Area Conic projection


I genuinely loved my experience. I have never been so satisfied with the dentist. I love MCD! My hygienist was so friendly, skilled, and positive. My dentist was great too. Never have looked forward to a dentist appointment but I am excited to go back!
Donna exceptional!! I have never learned so much about my teeth and gum care. She also took time with me and made me feel very comfortable.
I really enjoyed my appointment, it was great getting to watch Netflix during the cleaning. The building is beautiful, the chairs are super comfortable, and staff was very friendly!
Really appreciate how Donna and David took time to explain what they were doing and why and answer all my questions. Really pleased with how thorough the staff was and how I didn't feel rushed to get out the door.
At first sight the place is beautiful. The inside is just as attractive. The staff was very pleasant and knowledgeable. I am going to get any dental work necessary done at this place. I was very pleased with Magic City Dental. I will definitely go back and recommend family and co-workers to this place.
Dr. Sollenberger, and his staff, was incredibly nice and helpful. They provided a great service to me. I typically hate going to the dentist but this was the best dental experience I've ever had.
I tell everyone I know about your office! LOVE the quality of care I receive.
Everything was grey. Donna was my hygienist and she did an exceptional job!
Anyone who does not like to go to the dentist should make an appointment at Magic City Dentistry. I guarantee they will change your mind and making that next 6 month cleaning appointment much easier. P.S. Elizabeth is by far the fastest flosser in the South.
Best dentist experience I've ever had. Thank you!
I love everything about this practice. Great space. Super friendly and incredibly knowledgeable staff. The comforts provided makes getting dental work a stress-free experience. Best dental practice ever!
This was my first visit to Magic City Dentistry but it definitely won't be my last. As of today this is my new home for dental care.
It was easy getting an appointment, checking in and the paperwork was done online. Very comfortable setting and relaxing. Cleaning was comfortable and not painful at all. The staff guided you throughout every procedure. Highly recommend.
The office was very neat and clean. Very friendly staff and knowledgeable. You could pick your own movie on Netflix to watch while getting your teeth clean. How cool is that.
I have never had a dental hygienist be as thorough as the one I had. She was clearly knowledgeable about her job and that brought a comfort that I've never had before when visiting a dentist. Everything she was doing, she would explain it to me and show me pictures, so I was fully informed through the whole process. I would recommend Magic City Dentistry to anyone I meet. It was a great experience!
Dr. Sollenberger, Kristye, and the staff have always made me feel at home. They are w wonderful group of incredibly talented people who always put their best foot forward in serving their patients. I couldn't ask for a better office!!! AND, my teeth look beautiful!
I discovered this dental practice through a Groupon offer for zoom teeth whitening. The First Avenue North location is perfect for downtown dwellers or office workers . The restored building is beautiful with a contemporary interior design and the latest in technology . The practice is affiliated with a decades old practice in Vestavia. The dentist and his staff were friendly and highly efficient and I recommend them highly. Another perk is free parking in a lot behind the practice.


Business listing information: phone and fax number, opening hours, how to reach and other information. You can read the good or bad reviews about the Sheehy Associates company from Wellington ALABAMA.
Know the exact time you can at the phone number 6068582814.
Sheehy Associates located at US Alabama in Wellington city. Contact phone number: 6068582814. The exact address: Alabama in Wellington, 100 Veterans Drive.Postal zip code: 40387.


text:
Q: JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0) ---Python I tried to follow the tutorial of using google translator in python, when I come to the code where result = translator.translate('Mitä sinä teet'), I got such error:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
JSONDecodeError                           Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-9-7ae6cd50c95e> in <module>
      1 from googletrans import Translator
      2 translator = Translator()
----> 3 result = translator.translate('Mitä sinä teet')
      4 print(result.src)
      5 print(result.dest)

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/googletrans/client.py in translate(self, text, dest, src)
    170
    171         origin = text
--> 172         data = self._translate(text, dest, src)
    173
    174         # this code will be updated when the format is changed.

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/googletrans/client.py in _translate(self, text, dest, src)
     79         r = self.session.get(url, params=params)
     80
---> 81         data = utils.format_json(r.text)
     82         return data
     83

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/googletrans/utils.py in format_json(original)
     60         converted = json.loads(original)
     61     except ValueError:
---> 62         converted = legacy_format_json(original)
     63
     64     return converted

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/googletrans/utils.py in legacy_format_json(original)
     52             text = text[:p] + states[j][1] + text[nxt:]
     53
---> 54     converted = json.loads(text)
     55     return converted
     56

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/json/__init__.py in loads(s, encoding, cls, object_hook, parse_float, parse_int, parse_constant, object_pairs_hook, **kw)
    346             parse_int is None and parse_float is None and
    347             parse_constant is None and object_pairs_hook is None and not kw):
--> 348         return _default_decoder.decode(s)
    349     if cls is None:
    350         cls = JSONDecoder

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/json/decoder.py in decode(self, s, _w)
    335
    336         """
--> 337         obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
    338         end = _w(s, end).end()
    339         if end != len(s):

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/json/decoder.py in raw_decode(self, s, idx)
    353             obj, end = self.scan_once(s, idx)
    354         except StopIteration as err:
--> 355             raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
    356         return obj, end

JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

I have no idea why this simple code won't work on my computer. I'm using mac and Python 3. Can anyone help me out, please?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The late New Orleans restaurant matriarch Miss Ella Brennan once said that whereas in other places, one eats to live, "In New Orleans, we live to eat." It seems that as soon as you step foot in this city, your appetite for just about everything somehow increases: adventure, romance, joy…and food food food.
Here, we don't call a friend and ask, "How are you?" Instead, it's either the colloquial "Where y'at?" or, more often, "What're you eatin'?" Here, cuisine is community, cuisine is culture, cuisine is practically church (literally and figuratively—except for the fact that church is church). Food forms the crucial threads of the city's multicolored fabric: It weaves through the people, the music, the history, the parties, the traditions. A style of gumbo can define a neighborhood. A roux technique can unite (or divide) generations of families.
New Orleans has always been recognized by food lovers, but with the advent of the foodie movement, the restaurant scene has positively erupted, and the city is undeniably a foodie destination. At last count New Orleans had more than 1,400 restaurants, so there's goodness in every direction and on every level: in centuries-old grande-dame restaurants and the corner po' boy shops; in a gas station with shockingly good steam-table food; and in the sleek bistro of a brash, upstart culinary-school grad fusing Grandma's recipes with unpronounceable techniques and ingredients. And that's not even counting the many bars and nightclubs serving seriously stellar snacks. Or the much-anticipated restaurants that are about to open as we're finishing this book, including Meril from Emeril Lagasse; John Besh's retro glam Caribbean Room in the Pontchartrain Hotel; and Ted Brennan's in the French Quarter.
Culinary training grounds like the recently renovated Café Reconcile (1631 Oretha Castle Haley Blvd.; www.cafereconcile.org; [tel] 504/568-1157) and Liberty's Kitchen (300 N. Broad St.; www.libertyskitchen.org; [tel] 504/822-4011) serve sturdy meals while training young men and women for careers in food service. And fourth-generation chefs work backstreet dives whose menus and ingredients haven't varied since, well, forever.
You are going to want to eat a lot here. And you are going to want to eat here, a lot. And then you are going to talk about it. You'll probably adopt the local custom of talking about dinner while you're at lunch (and lunch while you're breakfasting). The food here is utterly, unashamedly regional, which isn't to say that (in some cases) it's not also utterly of the moment, sophisticated, and/or redolent of other influences as well. But it's ingredient- and chef-driven, which makes it uniquely New Orleanean: It will never be Copenhagen or Bilbao, or New York for that matter, nor does it want (or need) to.
In many restaurants, certainly in the more traditional ones, dishes are based largely on variations of Creole recipes. Others, the innovators, take Creole as a cue and go wildly afield. Creole food was originally based on recipes brought by the French settlers, the herbs and filé (ground sassafras leaves) used by the Native Americans, and saffron and peppers introduced by the Spanish. From the West Indies came new vegetables, spices, and sugarcane, and when slave boats arrived, an African influence was added. Today, the Italian influence runs deep, and even Vietnamese has found its way onto the plate, brought by a newer wave of immigrants. And while nearly all restaurateurs source fresh ingredients from local purveyors, the ban on butter never took hold here (thankfully). Flavor comes first.
So indulge and enjoy. It's what you do here. Try some of everything. We're particularly big on lunching, since many of the best restaurants have terrific prix-fixe lunch deals that include dishes that'd cost twice as much during dinner. Then start planning the next trip, so you can do it again.
Please keep in mind that all prices, hours, and menu items in our listings are subject to change according to season, availability, or whim. You should call in advance to ensure the accuracy of anything of import to you.


text:
Home News It's Happened Again: Jet Lands at Wrong US Airport
It's Happened Again: Jet Lands at Wrong US Airport
VOA-News
This frame grab provided by KSPR-TV shows a Southwest Airlines flight that was scheduled to arrive Jan. 12, 2014, at Branson Airport in southwest Missouri instead landed at an airport 7 miles north.
For the second time in less than two months, a large jet has landed at the wrong airport in the United States.
A Southwest Airlines jet carrying 124 passengers and five crew members was headed Sunday night from Chicago to an airport at the small city of Branson, Missouri. But pilots landed it 11 kilometers away at another airport.
One woman on the flight said the plane had a rough landing on a runway that was about half as long as the one at the airport where the flight was supposed to land.
"Well, we had a really rough landing, we were all like moving pretty close to the seats as we were landing because the runway, I guess, is too short for the plane. And so then they just came on and said that we had landed at the wrong runway," she said.
No one was injured in the incident, but U.S. air safety officials are investigating.
In November, the pilot of a jumbo Boeing 747 cargo jet landed it at a small airport in the midwestern state of Kansas, missing its planned destination at a military base 13 kilometers away.
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https://www.voanews.com
The Voice of America, which first went on the air in 1942, is an international multimedia broadcasting service funded by the U.S. government through the Broadcasting Board of Governors. VOA broadcasts approximately 1,500 hours of news, information, educational, and cultural programming every week to an estimated worldwide audience of 125 million people. See https://www.VOANews.com


text:
English for Work and Study - Intermediate
English for Work and Study - Intermediate - Sydney Course Do you need to improve your English for work and study? Macquarie Community College is a leading provider of English teaching offering you an inclusive and supportive environment in which to learn. This English for Work and Study - Intermediate course (FSK10219 Certificate I in Skills to Vocational Pathways) will assist you with learning strategies, workplace reading and writing, numeracy, oral communication and digital... Read more
Assessments are made against units of competency from the Certificate I in Skills for Vocational Pathways FSK10219.
Develop verbal communication skills (VU22374)
Participate in familiar spoken interactions at work (FSKOCM003)
Read and respond to simple informal workplace texts (FSKRDG006)
Write simple workplace information (FSKWTG006)
Use digital technology for routine and simple workplace tasks (FSKDIG002)
Use strategies to plan simple workplace tasks (FSKLRG005)
Use simple strategies for work-related learning (FSKLRG008)
Write simple workplace formatted texts (FSKWTG005)
Read and respond to simple workplace information (FSKRDG007)
Access the internet for language learning (VU22376)
Use familiar and simple metric measurements for work (FSKNUM009)

English for Work and Study - Intermediate - Sydney Course

Do you need to improve your English for work and study?
2023-01-30 Mon 30 Jan - 2023-04-05 Wed 05 Apr 2023
30 sessions, 150 hours total
9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00)
MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Maria Griga
ENROLLING NOW!! CALL 1300 845 888
If you're a prospective student, please visit: https://www.macquarie.nsw.edu.au/smart-and-skilled-subsidised-training where you will find everything you need to know about the Smart and Skilled program before you enrol.
This training is subsidised by the NSW Government, and as a result your eligibility and fee is determined through Training Services NSW formal eligibility criteria. These criteria will determine your exact fee. Students who meet additional specified criteria, may be eligible for a fee exemption. In claiming the concession or exemption students will be required to supply the required evidence to support the claim in accord with the requirements of Smart and Skilled eligibility.
Enquire today or CALL US on 1300 845 888 to check your eligibility.
Eligible for Subsidised Training: Fee-Free
Not Eligible for Subsidised Training: $2750
Receiving a Centrelink benefit? Take your enrolment confirmation and invoice to Centrelink to find out if you are eligible for financial assistance.
Payment Plans are available through Macquarie Community College for Smart and Skilled eligible qualifications. 10% deposit OR $40 (whichever is greater) required upon enrolment followed by Interest-free payment plan. Payment methods: EFTPOS, Direct Deposit, Direct Debit, Visa or MasterCard.
More about English for Work and Study - Intermediate...
Mon 30 Jan 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Tue 31 Jan 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Wed 01 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Mon 06 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Tue 07 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Wed 01 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Mon 06 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Tue 07 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Mon 03 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Tue 04 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Wed 05 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Show other classes
MCC Chatswood
Marilyn Mallory
Mon 30 Jan 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 4 - MCC Chatswood
Tue 31 Jan 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Wed 01 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Mon 06 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Tue 07 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Wed 01 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Mon 06 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Tue 07 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Mon 03 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Tue 04 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
Wed 05 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 2 - MCC Chatswood
2023-01-30 Mon 30 Jan - 2023-05-08 Mon 08 May 2023
Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 30 Jan 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 31 Jan 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Wed 01 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 06 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 07 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Wed 01 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 06 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 07 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 03 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 04 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Wed 05 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 01 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 02 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Wed 03 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-06-20 Tue 20 Jun 2023
10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00)
MCC Blacktown
Lee Ching Ting
Mon 06 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Tue 07 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Mon 06 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Tue 07 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Mon 03 Apr 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Tue 04 Apr 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Mon 01 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Tue 02 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Mon 05 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Tue 06 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-06-26 Mon 26 Jun 2023
MCC Carlingford
Junyao Li
Mon 06 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Tue 07 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Mon 06 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Tue 07 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Mon 03 Apr 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Tue 04 Apr 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Mon 01 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Tue 02 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Mon 05 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Tue 06 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
2023-02-08 Wed 08 Feb - 2023-05-19 Fri 19 May 2023
Lee Ching Ting , Jiali He
Wed 08 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 5 - MCC Carlingford
Thu 09 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Fri 10 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Wed 01 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 5 - MCC Carlingford
Thu 02 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Fri 03 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Fri 10 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Wed 26 Apr 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Thu 27 Apr 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Fri 28 Apr 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Wed 03 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Thu 04 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Fri 05 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
Career Decision Making - Career Planning Workshop
Career Decision Making – Career Planning Workshop - Sydney Course If you are at a crossroads with what to do with your career, then this course is perfect for you. The Career Planning Workshop will help you re-evaluate your skills, interests and values and map out the next steps in your career development. During this workshop, you will work through the process of choosing a realistic career, deciding the best way to pursue it and then taking action. We will start by exploring your... Read more
Assessments are made against units of competency.
Use short and simple strategies for career planning (FSKLRG003)

Career Decision Making – Career Planning Workshop - Sydney Course

If you are at a crossroads with what to do
2023-02-09 Thu 09 Feb 2023-02-09
1 session, 4.5 hours total
Kirstin Ritchens
Available as an online livestream class.
Please note: Classes will be held via Zoom's video conferencing platform. A link to join the class via Zoom will be sent 24-48 hours before the first class and will include a link to a Zoom "How To" document.
It is advisable that you undertake an ERS Career Development Assessment using the Employment Readiness Scale™ (ERS) tool before enrolling in this workshop.
The Adult and Community Education (ACE) Program is a Smart and Skilled Program that meets the needs of local communities and disadvantaged individuals.
If you're a prospective student, please visit https://www.macquarie.nsw.edu.au/adult-community-education where you will find everything you need to know about the ACE program before you enrol.
Not Eligible for Subsidised Training: Price on Application
Payment Plans are available through Macquarie Community College for students that do not meet the ACE program eligibility. 10% deposit OR $40 (whichever is greater) required upon enrolment followed by Interest-free payment plan. Payment methods: EFTPOS, Direct Deposit, Direct Debit, Visa or MasterCard.
More about Career Decision Making - Career Planning Workshop...
Thu 09 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Thu 02 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Thu 23 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 3 - Meeting Room - MCC Blacktown
Job Skills Match Workshop
Mock Interview Superstar Workshop
Reflect on Past Successes Workshop
Self-Esteem and Confidence Building Workshop
Skills Profile and Skills in Demand Workshop
Transition to Work After a Long Absence
Winning Interview Skills Workshop
Write a Winning Cover Letter Workshop
Write a Winning Resume Workshop
Reflect on Past Successes - Sydney Course This workshop will help you reflect on your past successes and see how you can continue on to further positive outcomes! By exploring previous successes and what made them a success, you can learn how to take positive steps towards a brighter future. By the end of the workshop, you will have a more positive outlook on your abilities. You will gain a stronger belief that your efforts will result in a successful outcome and have a stronger... Read more
Create texts of limited complexity for personal purposes (VU22391)

Reflect on Past Successes - Sydney Course

This workshop will help you reflect on your past successes and see how you can continue on
2023-02-10 Fri 10 Feb 2023-02-10
1 session, 4 hours total
10am - 2pm (UTC+11:00)
More about Reflect on Past Successes Workshop...
Fri 10 Feb 2023 10am - 2pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Fri 03 Feb 2023 10am - 2pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 1 - MCC Chatswood
2023-03-03 Fri 03 Mar 2023-03-03
Fri 03 Mar 2023 10am - 2pm (UTC+11:00) Room 3 - Meeting Room - MCC Blacktown
Create Your Own Personal Brand LinkedIn Workshop
Basic Computer Skills for Work and Study
Basic Computer Skills for Work and Study - Sydney Course Basic Computer Skills for Work and Study is a great computer course for beginners. This course will help you develop your basic computer and digital technology skills for personal use, study or at work. In this hands-on course, you will learn to use computers for routine personal and workplace related tasks including, accessing, creating, saving and managing Microsoft Word documents and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, using the... Read more
Use business software applications (BSBTEC201)
Research using the internet (BSBTEC203)
Operate digital devices (BSBTEC101)

Basic Computer Skills for Work and Study - Sydney Course

Basic Computer Skills for Work and Study is a great computer
2023-02-16 Thu 16 Feb - 2023-03-24 Fri 24 Mar 2023
12 sessions, 60 hours total
Dong (Nick) Wang
More about Basic Computer Skills for Work and Study...
Thu 16 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 4 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Fri 17 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 4 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Thu 02 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 4 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Fri 03 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 4 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-03-01 Wed 01 Mar 2023
Mon 06 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 5 PC Lab - MCC Chatswood
Tue 07 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 5 PC Lab - MCC Chatswood
Wed 08 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 5 PC Lab - MCC Chatswood
Wed 01 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 5 PC Lab - MCC Chatswood
2023-02-20 Mon 20 Feb - 2023-03-28 Tue 28 Mar 2023
MCC Mount Druitt
Trainer TBA
Mon 20 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Mount Druitt Room 1 (Computers) - MCC Mount Druitt
Tue 21 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Mount Druitt Room 1 (Computers) - MCC Mount Druitt
Mon 06 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Mount Druitt Room 1 (Computers) - MCC Mount Druitt
Tue 07 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Mount Druitt Room 1 (Computers) - MCC Mount Druitt
Show full classes
Susie Steele
Mon 06 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Tue 07 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Mon 06 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Tue 07 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
English for Work and Study - Beginners
English for Work and Study - Beginners - Sydney Course Online learning option now available Join our online classes with livestream video classes over Zoom plus receive ongoing trainer support via video, email, phone and/or online chat groups. Do you need to improve your English for work and study? Macquarie Community College is a leading provider of English teaching offering you an inclusive and supportive environment in which to learn. This English for Work and Study - Beginners... Read more
Assessments are made against units of competency from the Certificate I in Access to Vocational Pathways FSK10119.
Use digital technology for short and basic workplace tasks (FSKDIG001)
Write short and simple workplace formatted texts (FSKWTG002)
Use basic and familiar metric measurements for work (FSKNUM004)
Engage in short and simple spoken exchanges at work (FSKOCM002)
Use simple data for work (FSKNUM007)
Read and respond to short and simple workplace signs and symbols (FSKRDG002)
Use short and simple strategies for work-related learning (FSKLRG004)
Write short and simple workplace information (FSKWTG003)
Use whole numbers and halves for work (FSKNUM003)
Read and respond to short and simple workplace information (FSKRDG004)
Engage with short simple texts for learning purposes (VU22344)

English for Work and Study - Beginners - Sydney Course

Online learning option now available

2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-05-03 Wed 03 May 2023
More about English for Work and Study - Beginners...
Mon 01 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Tue 02 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Wed 03 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Mon 01 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Tue 02 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Wed 03 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-07-04 Tue 04 Jul 2023
Jasmeen Kaur
Mon 03 Jul 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 4 - MCC Blacktown
Tue 04 Jul 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 4 - MCC Blacktown
2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-05-08 Mon 08 May 2023
Jiali He
Thu 09 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 8 - Meeting Room - MCC Carlingford
Thu 16 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Tue 21 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 8 - Meeting Room - MCC Carlingford
Thu 02 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
English for Work and Study - Advanced
English for Work and Study - Advanced - Sydney Course Do you need to improve your English for work and study? Macquarie Community College is a leading provider of English teaching, offering you an inclusive and supportive environment in which to learn. This English for Work and Study - Advanced course (FSK20119 Certificate II in Skills for Work and Vocational Pathways) will give you further training in learning strategies, workplace reading and writing, numeracy, oral communication... Read more
Assessments are made against units of competency from the Certificate II in Skills for Work and Vocational Pathways FSK20119.
Use strategies to respond to routine workplace problems (FSKLRG009)
Use oral communication skills for effective workplace presentations (FSKOCM005)
Complete routine workplace formatted texts (FSKWTG008)
Write routine workplace texts (FSKWTG009)
Read and respond to information in routine visual and graphic texts (FSKRDG008)
Use oral communication skills to participate in workplace teams (FSKOCM006)
Undertake a simple investigation of an environmental issue (VU22403)
Estimate, measure and calculate with routine metric measurements for work (FSKNUM015)
Use routine strategies for work-related learning (FSKLRG011)
Interact effectively with others at work (FSKOCM007)
Read and respond to routine workplace information (FSKRDG010)
Identify features of the health care system (VU22381)
Identify features of the education system (VU22380)
Use oral communication skills to participate in workplace meetings (FSKOCM004)

English for Work and Study - Advanced - Sydney Course

Do you need to improve your English for work and study? Macquarie
2023-03-02 Thu 02 Mar - 2023-08-08 Tue 08 Aug 2023
More about English for Work and Study - Advanced...
Thu 06 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Fri 28 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Thu 04 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Fri 05 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Thu 01 Jun 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Fri 02 Jun 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Mon 17 Jul 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Tue 18 Jul 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Tue 01 Aug 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Mon 07 Aug 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Parsonage Room 2 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-06-22 Thu 22 Jun 2023
Susan Baker , Hong Van Le
Mon 06 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 07 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 09 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 02 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 06 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 07 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 01 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 02 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 04 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 01 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Mon 05 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Tue 06 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
2023-02-06 Mon 06 Feb - 2023-06-21 Wed 21 Jun 2023
Fiona Oates , Jiali He
Mon 06 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 1 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Tue 07 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 1 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Wed 08 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Carlingford Room 2 Computer Room - MCC Carlingford
Wed 07 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Carlingford Room 3 - MCC Carlingford
2023-02-08 Wed 08 Feb - 2023-06-23 Fri 23 Jun 2023
Wed 08 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Thu 09 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Fri 10 Feb 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Wed 01 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Thu 02 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Fri 03 Mar 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Wed 03 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Thu 04 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Fri 05 May 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Thu 01 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Fri 02 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
Wed 07 Jun 2023 10am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Room 1 - MCC Blacktown
2023-02-16 Thu 16 Feb - 2023-07-28 Fri 28 Jul 2023
Thu 16 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Fri 17 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Thu 02 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Fri 03 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Thu 06 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Fri 28 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Thu 04 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Fri 05 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Thu 01 Jun 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Fri 02 Jun 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Thu 20 Jul 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Fri 21 Jul 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Chatswood Room 3 - MCC Chatswood
Thu 16 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Fri 17 Feb 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 02 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Fri 03 Mar 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+11:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 06 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Fri 28 Apr 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 04 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Fri 05 May 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 01 Jun 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Fri 02 Jun 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Thu 20 Jul 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Fri 21 Jul 2023 9:30am - 2:30pm (UTC+10:00) Zoom Class - Remote Learning - Sydney
Self-Esteem and Confidence Building Workshop - Sydney Course What is self-esteem? When do we run into problems with self-esteem? In this workshop we are going to investigate steps towards a healthy self-esteem and build a more confident you! Throughout the workshop, we will assess the thought processes that effect your self-esteem, explore positive steps towards a healthier self-esteem and general well-being, help you to become more confident and find out where to get help when you... Read more
Undertake a simple investigation of health and wellbeing (VU22402)

Self-Esteem and Confidence Building Workshop - Sydney Course

What is self-esteem? When do we run into problems with
2023-03-09 Thu 09 Mar 2023-03-09
Please note: Classes will be held via Zoom's video conferencing platform. You will need to sign up for a Zoom account prior to your first class. A link to join the class via Zoom will be sent 24-48 hours before the first class and will include a link to a Zoom "How To" document.
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Thu 09 Mar 2023 10am - 2pm (UTC+11:00) Parsonage Room 1 - MCC Ryde: The Parsonage
Thu 16 Feb 2023 10am - 2pm (UTC+11:00) Room 3 - Meeting Room - MCC Blacktown
English for Aged Care
English for Aged Care - Sydney Course Do you need to improve your English so that you can do further study and work in the aged care industry? Macquarie Community College is a leading provider of English teaching, offering you an inclusive and supportive environment in which to learn. This English for Aged Care course is suitable for people who need to develop their functional English language skills in preparation for studying the CHC33015 Certificate III in Individual Support... Read more
Create simple texts for learning purposes (VU22366)
Create texts of limited complexity to participate in the workplace (VU22393)
Read and write routine transactional texts (SWERWT009)
Engage with texts of limited complexity for employment purposes (VU22388)
Create simple texts to participate in the community (VU22368)
Work with diversity (CSO201821)
Read and write routine narrative texts (SWERWT012)
Understanding diversity (CSO201822)
Read and write basic factual texts (SWERWT007)
Participate in spoken interactions of limited complexity (VU22390)

English for Aged Care - Sydney Course

Do you need to improve your English so that you can do further study and work in the aged care
2023-02-20 Mon 20 Feb - 2023-05-26 Fri 26 May 2023
Adult and Community Education (ACE) Program is a Smart and Skilled Program that meet the needs of local communities and disadvantaged individuals.
Enquire today or CALL US on 1 300 845 888 to check your eligibility.
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