Now that spring has sprung many people are anxious to get outside to start on their landscape projects. However, for many the mere thought of doing landscaping can lead to sleepless nights and visions of empty bank accounts.
Over the years I have worked with many clients who have fallen into this category, they want to bring their yard to life but they are worried about the costs associated with undertaking the project. In many cases they are first time homeowners who have never landscaped before and have heard stories from friends and family of how much their backyard retreats have cost.
They also may have simply wandered into a garden centre only to have been overwhelmed by names and price tags. On top of that, many folks today are both budget conscious and "green" conscious and want to bring both of these items to the table when beautifying their property.
As a landscape designer the first thing I ask my clients is about their budget – right away you need to know how much you want to spend on the project initially and long-term. Let me explain, when you undertake a landscape project it is important to know how much money you want to spend on the project when you are done putting everything in the ground (no pun intended).
Now for some people they plan to approach the project over a number of years and plan to allot "x" number of dollars per year. Other people may prefer to approach the project as a "one time shot".
Either way, write those numbers down. That is your initial budget. If you have never gardened before you are going to need some tools – this can be a significant investment and worth buying the right tools the first time rather than replacing them year after year. Budget for these as well.
Do you plan to plant annuals in your garden each year? Yes – that's going to cost money each year so you need to budget for that.
Do you want to use city water to irrigate the gardens? If so, that will impact your water bill so you will want to take that into account and if you don't plan to water or want to reply on rain barrels you will want to consider plant materials that are more drought tolerant or native.
Do you plan to use decorative mulch in your beds? If so, this will need to be topped up every year or so to keep it looking fresh and to maintain its garden friendly properties.
You will also want to budget for regular maintenance costs such as fertilizers, etc.
Once you have developed your budget, I suggest drawing up a list of "needs" and "wants". This is important because a lot of people get the two confused, especially when planning something as exciting as a new entertaining space and it is easy to blow through your budget with things you "want" while forgetting the things you "need". Sure you might "want" that nice fountain but you really "need" a patio to accommodate your extended family on long weekend Backyard BBQ party.
It's also important to determine what area of your property you want to landscape first – is your front yard the area that is most important to you (it may be if you are planning to sell in the near future or if the entrance is a safety hazard), or is the backyard the most important because it will be your "staycation" spot for summer weekends? Involve the entire family during this process, it can be a lot of fun coming up with ideas and searching out photos!
During this phase one of the biggest things I advise people to do, and not just because it is what I do but because I believe in it for any kind of project you might do, is to seek professional advice. By searching out the advice of a professional you are likely going to save yourself money. I know this might sound backwards, spending money to save money?
Listen to this – by spending the money to have a consultation or have a plan done by a professional who knows what plants will do best in a certain area (ie: in that dark, dry shady corner or beside the driveway where you pile your snow) or how to best design a patio around your windows and doors will ultimately save you both the time and the hassle of trial and error.
I have met people who have spent thousands of dollars on plant material only have it fail time and time again because they had planted it in the wrong space. A quick 1-1/2 consultation could have saved them some of that money and let them spend it on something else.
Landscaping is a great asset to your home and in many cases will retain its resale value more than a bathroom or kitchen renovation. Curb appeal is a big factor for a lot of people when they are looking at homes, so many people can't see the potential of a home when the pull up and see nothing. Do you ever reading the listings for houses for sale? Notice they always mention the landscaping? It's an important selling feature!
The project below is a simple front yard renovation that was completed in one day for a client. The clients had a budget that they wanted to stick to. By telling me their budget and meeting with me to discuss what they wanted to accomplish (give the house curb appeal without having to add annuals each year, wanted year round interest and some "feature" plants) I was able to take their budget and make it work for them – infact we came in UNDER budget and included all the features they wanted! The 2 hour consultation they had paid off as they weren't left guessing which plants to select, and where the plants should be planted.
The AFTER- After landscaping, what an Impact to the home!
Contribution Post By: Jodie Munshaw is a Certified Landscape Designer providing her clients with custom landscape designs and garden consultation services that meet both their needs and their budgets. With over 15 years in the green industry, Jodie has worked on projects of many sizes and styles and works from Cottage Country through the GTA. Jodie shares her love of the industry by volunteering with the provincial landscape organization and teaching at Humber College.
Thanks for giving us the chance to read this blog it's nice blog and good to see.
I"m glad you enjoy it Raj!
Just found your blog through Save Big Live Better on Facebook. I was excited to read the landscaping post, we just moved into a recently built house without any landscaping. I'm looking forward to reading more on this topic. Any idea of what it would cost to have a landscaping consultation?
Thanx everyone for your positive comments! I am not sure how I didn't find THIS comments section earlier so I do apologize! Gardening is a place where so many people "throw away money" that they don't need to. By properly planning your garden you can get plants in the RIGHT place so you get color at the RIGHT times and get the RIGHT look to suit YOUR style and BUDGET. There are some great books out there, I'll point you in the direction of some of my favorites in a future post as well as websites and apps. In the meantime stay tuned for part two!
I never truly thought about budgeting for gardening because I didn't think it costed that much…but it all adds up! thanks for saving many people from wasting money by not really knowing! 🙂 I'll be sure to come up with a "needs" and "wants" list this year, for my yard!
Great post! Lots of things to think about before you even get started. I look forward to more from this series!
Thanks for your comment Melissa. I look forward to what Jodie has next for CBB fans!
I am pretty sure you can get cuttings off of other plants. I would go around your neighborhood and as your neighbors for some from the plants you like.
Thank you for sharing your tips. I like to create my backyard into a garden of tranquillity with flowers as most years I cannot afford a vacation away and sharing this space with my family when we swim or bbq is the best vacation of all. I have started doing container gardening for veggies. I am going to expand what I plant this year. Last year was tomatoes and peppers. I am going to try cucumbers this year. Look forward to the next post.
great article! Look forward to reading more:) It is definitely a great idea to talk to a professional first. I usually get some plants from my mother, which cuts down on the costs, because buying flowers/trees can get very expensive. BTW very great job on your before & after pics.
Great advice!!! I have a small back yard at the bottom of a hill. We found raised beds work great here. I have perennials in them and from the looks of things I'll be dividing the daylilys again, and digging up the shastas to re-plant. I'll empty out the composters for the gardens when I do the digging. I still would like a couple of pink daylilys so I'll keep looking there, then figure out where I can put the dears. Last year I dug out a stretch beside the driveway that had some rather aggressive weeds and perennials in there. There are a number that came back this year, so I know I'll be digging them up again…. My plan is to put in annuals along there for the next few years until I can get rid of those nasty beasties. I'm thinking pink cosmos, pink cleome and some white nicotaina. Other than that my annuals go in hanging pots around the porch and the two big blue pots I got 3 years ago. I think if we ever moved I'd be digging up most of the garden to take with us…. the new people could then plant what ever they want and I have my favorites with me to save money at the new address….
I also found out the hard way that a lot of the people who work in garden centers (around here anyway) aren't always knowledgable about plants/flowers! I have an area that is very shady and wet. I found a few flowers that they said would be ok in the shade and they didn't do well…I've been getting to know Jodie through a coupon group and some chats and hope she'll be able to offer me some "online" advice in the future (a bit far for her to come here) for this problem garden area!
I've been guilty of just buying the plants I like and planting them in the wrong areas of my yard. I think at the new house we're going to hire someone first and plant second!
I know how tempting it is going into a gardening centre and seeing plants upon pretty plants with gorgeous blooms and wanting to buy them. Actually the wife is just like that. I have to control her feminine urges to want to buy every one she goes all fluttery over lol.. it's best to hire a pro to give you all the advice, then plant.. that's the best route.. do it once, save the money. Thanks for reading. Happy Easter Elizabeth.
I used do my landscaping each year by going out and pulling weeds and planting annuals, then consider my gardening done. I have started buying perennials so that I don't have to buy flowers each year and swapping plants with friends is a good way to keep the cost of new plants down.
Yes the cost of replacing flowers every year can skyrocket not to mention bust the budget. We are aiming for shrubs and greenery, grasses in the front and perennials in our back yard. We also swap flowers with our mates. Good Luck Tania and thanks for reading.
Great advise about talking with a professional, especially for someone with little gardening knowledge. They certainly could help suggest which plants would work best where and help decide what to prioritize when working with a budget. Thanks for the post and looking forward to reading the next one.
That's just it Joanna, it's knowing what plants to pick and not wasting money twice or even more. I'm glad you enjoyed Jodie's first post as much as I did. I'll need to learn everything I can. Happy Easter Joanna!
I'm glad you liked Part 1 in the Series, I knew you would. Budgeting is so important when investing in your property. I really want to stress making a plan and list of wants and needs and then budgeting the money. Like I mentioned before if its worth it to you, spend the money to get a pro in for their advice. It's best to spend your money once~ rather than twice or too much for that matter. Cheers Sandy~ Hope your husband enjoys the article!
I think before I go about making a budget, I need to pick up a "Gardening For Idiots", I think it would be easier to create my "need" list of items with a handy list somewhere near by 🙂 That is a good idea to get someone who knows what they are doing to come look,tell you what you are working with.


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Beloved son of the late Art & Lizzie and loving brother of Eddie & Eilish and the late Sally & Nicky. Sadly missed by his loving brother & sister, relatives and friends.
Reposing at Crosbie's Funeral Home, Enniscorthy on Sunday from 2 o'c with Removal at 5.30 to St. Senan's Parish Church. Funeral Mass on Monday at 10 o'c. Burial afterwards in St. Mary's Cemetery.


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Yes, I have a date tonight, and yes, I will be wearing these shoes! It is our anniversary. Frank and I have been married for five wonderful years. Five years ago today, I was a very excited bride. And wow, it was one of the best days of our lives. Really. I could go on and on about our wedding, but really in the end, don't we all just want a marriage, not just a wonderful wedding? Well, I have been blessed with both.
It has been a good five years. Three kids, three mortgages, acquiring a family business, losing someone we both loved so much, lots of Friday night pizza, and most of all, lots of love.
This morning, across the kids in our bed, Frank whispered "Happy Anniversary" and yes, it will be. And the next, and the next, until death parts us. I am madly in love with this man, he is my soul mate, really. Although I am high strung, high maintenance, and he is so laid back that sometimes I ask him if he is still alive, it just works for us.
So, my love, thank you for marrying me. I so got the better end of this deal!
You are so sweet! I'm so glad you and Frank are so happy. You and your beautiful family deserve all the happiness in the world!


Every outdoor adventure requires the right equipment. Otherwise, you expose yourself to a wide range of unnecessary risks and inconveniences that are better off avoided. An indispensable unit during an overlanding trip is a high-quality, sturdy cooler. And the YETI Tundra 35 Cooler definitely fits the description. Keep on reading our YETI 35 Review if you want to find out if this unit is the right one for you or not.
To start with, the YETI Tundra is a portable cooler that can easily accommodate approximately 20 cans, as well as a great amount of food.
Its construction is meant to resist pressure (so you can sit and stand on it no problem) while maintaining your food and drinks fresh and cool.
In reference to its construction, it is made of roto-molded polyethylene – which is the same material used for manufacturing whitewater kayaks.
This way, you can rest assured that the cooler is as durable as it can get.
On a different note, the walls feature PermaFrost insulation. This ensures that the temperature inside the cooler is maintained, regardless of the weather outside.
As a matter of fact, YETI coolers are specially created to resist unbelievably low temperatures, while being compatible with dry ice.
In comparison with standard ice, the cooling power of dry ice is much higher, which is why the latter is often preferred.
Outdoor adventures call for sturdy, bear-resistant equipment – which is why this cooler is a top choice for many overlanding enthusiasts.
In fact, the Inter-agency Grizzly Bear Committee certified this unit as being a top bear-resistant food container.
Nevertheless, for the best results, it should be used in combination with a padlock on the front corners.
Bear in mind, though, that these needs to be purchased separately.
Another key characteristic of this cooler is its smart design. That is to say, carrying it shouldn't be too difficult, in spite of its sturdy, durable design.
This is thanks to the handy grips, made of marine-grade nylon rope.
At the same time, you have the option of using the integrated recessed handles if you're carrying the cooler by yourself.
As we've mentioned beforehand, this cooler is really insulated, as you would expect of a unit made for overlanding.
Hence, when you shut it down, it actually seals completely. The gasket deters the air from moving back and forth.
Meanwhile, the rubber T-latches are just as sturdy, ensuring that the lid is always sealed tightly.
Concurrently, the hinge features a rustproof aluminum rod, so that the body and lid are secured accordingly.
Moving on, it's also worth noting that this cooler has a nice assembly of extras. You also get a dry food rack. This will prevent your sandwiches from getting soggy, due to the ice.
Additionally, the cooler has non-marking rubber feet, which are located at its bottom, to keep it in place, in the case in which the surface is a tad slippery.
Customer reviews are, without a doubt, worth noting whenever you want to make an important purchase.
In this case, former customers gave this cooler a high rating, mentioning its heavy-duty construction and the fact that there are numerous accessories available.
They also outlined that it is the perfect size for an overlanding trip. Also, some customers indicated that the dry ice lasts for days.
If you want to invest in a top-quality cooler that will pass the test of time, then the YETI Tundra 35 Cooler is worthy of your attention.
It is a portable, high-quality cooler that has a durable construction and smart design, and it will last you for years to come.
The Tundra 35 dimensions are 21 in long x 16 in wide x 15 ½ in high with an empty weight of 17 lbs NOTE: All Tundra models come standard with one dry goods basket.


And so it goes. Los Angeles public library will be open five days a week instead of six. I know, it's only one day less. I know, it's just the library and there are children starving and people living on curbs. I know. And maybe it would be easier for me to support these decreased hours if I knew that the money would translate into blankets and steaming bowls of soup. But I don't. I fear that the extra funds will be poured into bolstering tourism or cleaning up beaches…both fine causes, but lacking in the peaceful meditation of crisp pages and volumes of dreams.
I think what bothers me the most is the prioritizing I imagine must have occurred. The ranking of the library as less important, extraneous, frivolous. I hope that LA citizens will cherish the library as sacred and ignore the political message that the library is expendable. I hope that, regardless of shorter hours and story-hours erased, we continue to grasp the future found amidst fiction, and use poetry as our daily soundtrack. I hope that we remember to stand up for the written word and opt for the new memoir over the digital download. I hope that we remember to memorize historic tales and savor teachings of those who walked before us. I hope we treasure the fantasies, and pour through the novels. I hope we can tap into the thrill of unopened goals and visions painted with the nib of a pen. I hope we get lost among the shelves and stumble into stories, leaving our practicality and routines at the door. I hope we bond with new characters, and mourn our goodbyes at the last page. I hope we remember to carry our library card on our keychain, protecting possibilities and bedtime fiction.
I hope we visit the library during lunch hours, after work, first thing in the morning, and on a Friday afternoon. I hope we scream with our roster of checked out items, scream with the voices of fervent readers who refuse to cut the story short. I hope we rally by reading magical chapters to our children, holding up glossy pages and letting imaginations flow. I hope we march for our words, our authors, and our ideas for tomorrow, as we stand in line, awaiting phrases of enlightenment.
While I can own my inner library fanatic, I do recognize that books can be read at bookstores, or on line, or on handy electronic readers. I know that there are school libraries and books on tape. I realize that most children would rather play video games or shoot hoops, and that education can be absorbed in ways other than the written word. I can appreciate the bottom-line numbers and budgets printed in red. I sympathize with the endless shuffling required to write the checks to run a city. I know. I know that you can only please some of the people some of the time.
And while I might sympathize with the politician's plight, I am not a politician, which we can all be relieved about. But I am a Los Angeles citizen, and I will continue to stand up and frown, to relay my displeasure, to ask for what I want, for what I think this city needs. I ask for those signing their names to acknowledge that with each vote cast, there is one more loss to grieve. I will sing my reader's song, and recite my poet's plea.
I will wait by your steps until I'm sure you hear my message: For every dollar cut from the library's budget, it is one less book that will be read. For every hour reduced, we are censoring the education of our children. For each library program cancelled, a dream slips through our fingertips. And for each additional day the library doors remain locked, know that it is a day without color, lacking in vibrant words and vivid fantasy. I know it won't change budgets or reverse policies. But carry the grief in your briefcase and shoulder the lost dreams before patting yourself on the back.
Take a moment to feel the unread words evaporating in the breeze. Know that in a list of priorities, the library still makes my top 10 list.
Know that I am not pleased.


Shirelle has had a fascination of science and beauty most of her life. So she decided to combine the two with her leadership skills and unsurpassed passion for the beauty industry. Her choice has steered her career to many successes throughout her years in the beauty industry, and also in the pursuit of other entrepreneurial interests.
Shirelle graduated from Orange Beauty Academy. Her desire to become on industry entrepreneur lead her to open her first salon "Visions" in 1993.Shirelle was awarded Best New Hair Solon by Razac in 1994, recognized in the Union Block Entrepreneur Magazine for her business achievements, and she has been featured in several hair magazines. Recent y, Shirelle celebrated the grand reopening of her exclusive salon "Choteau Nouveau'! Her rewording career has allowed her to become a platform artist, a mentor, and on advisor to many. Specializing in hair core, while staying innovative, has kepi Shirelle on top of her croft. She gets joy from being o blessing to all whom she encounters. By always keeping God first, is what has sustained Shirelle for over 20 years as a proud entrepreneur!


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Ph.D. Humanities with Concentration in Linguistics, University of Texas at Arlington, May 1981.
M.A. Linguistics, University of Texas at Arlington, May 1974.
M.L.S. Library Science, University of Oklahoma, Jan. 1968.
B.A. English Language and Literature, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea, Feb. 1965.
Adjunct Associate Professor, Dallas International University, Fall 1998–2011.
Adjunct Professor, ARILAC (Asia Research Institute of Language and Culture), Handong University, Korea, 2006-2015.
Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Texas at Arlington, Fall 1989‑2001.
Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Texas at Arlington, 1984‑1989.
Teacher, International Linguistics Center (Texas Summer Institute of Linguistics), 1982‑1998.
Adjunct Instructor, East Texas State University, Fall 1989‑Fall 1992.
Librarian, Catalog Department, University of Southern California Library, Los Angeles, Feb. 1968‑May 1971.
Translator, World Vision, Inc., Seoul, Korea, Jan. 1965‑August 1966.
Linguistic Consultant, Workshop on Narrative Discourse, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Mexico Branch, Mitla, Oaxaca, Mexico, Jan.-Feb. 1994.
Editorial Board Member of JOTT (Journal of Translation and Textlinguistics), formerly OPTAT (Occasional Papers on Translation and Textlinguistics), 1989-2004.
Editorial Board Member of Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 1995-1997.
Editorial Review Board Member of LACUS Forum, 1997-1999, 2001, 2003-2009.
2015 "Korean Discourse Structure." The Handbook of Korean Linguistics, ed. by Lucien Brown and Jaehoon Yeon, 287-302. New York: John Wiley.
2007 "Adverbial Clauses," by Sandra A. Thompson, Robert E. Longacre, and Shin Ja J. Hwang. Language Typology and Syntactic Description, 2nd ed., ed. by Timothy Shopen, v. 2: Complex constructions, 237-300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2006 "Korean Narrative Structure: Evidence from Two Popular Fables." Korean Language in Culture and Society, ed. by Ho-min Sohn, 249-63. (KLEAR Textbooks in Korean Language.) Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
1996 "Current Trends in Textlinguistics in the United States" (in Korean). Textlinguistics 3.467-83. Seoul: Pakijung.
1994 "A Textlinguistic Approach to the Biblical Hebrew Narrative of Jonah," by Robert E. Longacre and Shin Ja J. Hwang. Biblical Hebrew and Discourse Linguistics, ed. by Robert D. Bergen, 336-58. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
1992 "The Functions of Negation in Narration." Language in Context, ed. by Shin Ja J. Hwang and William R. Merrifield, 321‑37. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington.
1978 "Componential Analysis: (1) Historical Development and Current Situation, (2) The Semantics of the Korean Verbs of Existence." Readings in Semantics (Research Papers of the Texas SIL at Dallas, 3), 1-22. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
In press. "Discourse analysis and grammar: Functional differences in discourse between head-initial and head-final languages," LACUS Forum 37, ed. by Daniel Mailman.
2011 "Quotation Formulas in Reported Speech," LACUS Forum 36: Mechanisms of Linguistic Behavior, ed. by Patricia Sutcliffe, William Sullivan, Arle Lommel, 151-62.
2007 "Discourse Operations and Ranking in Variable Forms of Participant Reference," LACUS Forum 33: Variation, ed. by Peter Reich, William Sullivan, Arle Lommel, and Toby Griffen, 179-90.
2006 "Clause Combining in English Narrative Discourse," LACUS Forum 32: Networks, ed. by Shin Ja Hwang, William Sullivan, and Arle Lommel, 313-23.
2005 "Classifying Hortatory and Persuasive Discourse," LACUS Forum 31: Interconnections, ed. by Adam Makkai, William Sullivan, and Arle Lommel, 147-58.
2004 "Negation in Hortatory Discourse," LACUS Forum 30: Language, Thought and Reality, ed. by Gordon Fulton, William Sullivan, and Arle Lommel, 367-77.
2002 "Discourse Structure of Two Parables," with Jonathan Lathers. LACUS Forum 28: What Constitutes Evidence in Linguistics?, ed. by Ruth Brend, William Sullivan, and Arle Lommel, 257-66.
2000 "Multiple Functions of When-Clauses in Discourse," LACUS Forum 26, ed by Alan K. Melby and Arle Lommel, 455-66.
1999"The Forms and Functions of the Passive in Korean." LACUS Forum 25, ed. by Shin Ja J. Hwang and Arle Lommel, 255-67.
1998 "A Constrastive Analysis of English and Korean Discourse Grammars" (in Korean). Journal of Korean Language Education 9.183-200. Seoul: International Association of Korean Language Association.
1998 "Expository Discourse Schema for Scholoarly Electronic Messages," LACUS Forum 24, ed. by Sheila Embleton, 279-89.
1997 "A Profile and Discourse Analysis of an English Short Story." Language Research 33.293-320.
1996 "Procedural Discourse: Characteristics and Segmentation." Korean Journal of Linguistics 21(1-2).587-610. Special issue: Selected papers from 1995 International Conference marking the 20th anniversary of the Linguistic Society of Korea.
1994 "Relative Clauses, Adverbial Clauses, and Information Flow in Discourse." Language Research 30.673-705.
1991 "Terms of Address in Korean and American Cultures." Intercultural Communication Studies 1(2).117‑36.
1990 "Foreground Information in Narrative." Southwest Journal of Linguistics 9(2).63‑90.
1990 "The Relative Clause in Narrative Discourse." Language Research 26.373‑400.
1989 "Recursion in the Paragraph as a Unit of Discourse Development." Discourse Processes 12.461‑77.
1984 "A Cognitive Basis for Discourse Grammar." Southwest Journal of Linguistics 7.133‑56.
1980 "The Referential Structure of a Korean Folktale: The Story of Shim Chung." Language Research 16.255‑80.
2009 "Transitivity and Grounding in Various Discourse Types." Current Issues in Linguistic Interfaces, ed. by Young-Se Kang, et al. Vol. 1.277-90. Seoul: Hankook Munhwasa.
1997 "Purpose Clauses in English and Korean." LACUS Forum 23, ed. by Alan Melby, 495-508.
1996 "The Grammar and Discourse of Relative Clauses." LACUS Forum 22, ed. by Bates Hoffer, 144-56. Chapel Hill, NC: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States.
1995 "Purpose Clauses in Korean and Iconicity." Interfaces in Korean Linguistics: '93 Ohio State LSA Workshop, ed. by Chungmin Lee, 125-42. Seoul: Thaehaksa.
1994 "Grammatical Form Versus Information Flow in Translation." LACUS Forum 20, ed. by Valerie B. Makkai, 586-97. Chapel Hill, NC: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States.
1993 "Embedding and Skewing of Discourse Types." LACUS Forum 19, ed. by Peter A. Reich, 153-62. Lake Bluff, IL: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States.
1993 "Information Flow and the Functions of Dependent Clauses in Korean and English." Les langues menacée: actes du XVe congrès international des linguistes. Québec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval.
1992 "Analyzing a Hortatory Text with Special Attention to Particle, Wave, and Field." The Eighteenth LACUS Forum 1991, ed. by Ruth M. Brend, 133-46. Lake Bluff, IL: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States.
1987 "Discourse Functions of Subject and Topic." LACUS Forum 13, ed. by Ilah Fleming, 327-38. Columbia, SC: Hornbeam Press.
2005 Joan Bybee and Michael Noonan (eds.) Complex Sentences in Grammar and Discourse. Word 56.270-77.
2003 Uche E. Aaron. Tense and Aspect in Obolo Grammar and Discourse. Word 54.265-270.
1999 Thomas Payne. Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists. Word 50.409-414.
1995 William C. Mann and Sandra A. Thompson (eds.), Discourse Description: Diverse linguistic analyses of a fund-raising text. Word 46.302-307.
1994 Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-oriented Text Analysis. Word 45.90-93.
1994 Cecilia E. Ford, Grammar in Interaction: Adverbial clauses in American English conversations. Language Quarterly 32.3/4.240-44.
1992 Seok Choong Song, Explorations in Korean Syntax and Semantics. Word 43.475-80.
1984 Rik Pinxten (ed.), Universalism versus Relativism in Language and Thought: Proceedings of a Colloquium on the Sapir‑Whorf Hypotheses. Language in Society 13.396‑404.
1981 Walter Cook, Case Grammar: Development of the Matrix Model. Notes on Linguistics 37‑40.


For Kesha — the pop star famous for chart topping dance songs such as "Timber" (and infamous for her party lifestyle) — the past few years have been no walk in the park. Involved in a lengthy court battle with her former producer, Dr. Luke, Kesha alleged that she suffered sexual and emotional abuse that led to her struggles with depression, anxiety, and an eating disorder.
So the fact that Kesha just released, "Rainbow," her first album in four years, is kind of a big deal. After her experience with her former producer, Kesha should be disenchanted with the music industry altogether. But the artist is back, and believe it or not, many of her new songs have positive messages that we should pay attention to.
With its themes of hope, recovery, and forgiveness, "Rainbow" appears to reveal a complete 180 from Kesha's former days of swilling booze and "getting her drunk text on" (as she declared in her hits, "Tik Tok" and "Take it off").
Considering her tumultuous past one wonders: Has Kesha found Jesus?
In "Learn to let go" Kesha touches on the truth that we are broken and need redemption.
Kesha's emotional anthem, "Praying," goes deeper with the theme of letting go of resentment. She hopes well for somebody who has hurt her, and it's a reminder that forgiving those who have hurt us sets us free from hate that can hold us back.
In Kesha's title track, "Rainbow," the artist opens up about trusting that there is hope in the midst of the dark times.
Looking ahead, I'm excited to hear more music from Kesha's journey of recovery. And I'm reminded of the power that exists in sharing your life in a way that draws fellow survivors together, reminding us all that we aren't struggling alone. So what's your journey of recovery? Where are you in dealing with the pain of your past? Comment below to share your story.
Bono Talks about the Only Real Problem God Can't Deal With– People have asked me, "Why are your stories so dark? Why do you spend so much time talking about the painful parts of life?" I'll tell you why we tell messy stories.
Katy Perry: Witness for the darkness- You read this song and you keep waiting for God to show up, for the ending to turn happy, but it never does. But that's why I love it so much.
You need to read what Justin Bieber just said about Christianity–because he's right- I never thought I'd say this: Justin Bieber understands Christianity better than a lot of people I know. And there's a lot about Justin Bieber's Christianity that I want.


text:
Svn Fngrs es un mini-álbum de Black Francis (Frank Black), lanzado el 3 de marzo de 2008. El título del álbum es una referencia al héroe Cúchulainn de la mitología irlandesa, de quién se dice que tenía siete dedos en las manos y los pies. Las letras de las canciones "Seven Fingers" y "When They Come to Murder Me" están escritas desde el punto de vista de Cúchulainnw.

Lista de canciones
 "The Seus" - 3:42
 "Garbage Heap" - 2:50
 "Half Man" - 2:33
 "I Sent Away" - 2:03
 "Seven Fingers" - 1:46
 "The Tale of Lonesome Fetter" - 3:56
 "When They Come to Murder Me" - 3:24

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha del álbum en Allmusic.

Álbumes de Frank Black
Álbumes de 2008
Álbumes en inglés

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A question of sex
Trish 21 Aug 2009 21 Aug 2009 No Comments on A question of sex
In private life it might not matter whether Caster Semenya is male or female, but it matters in international sport.
When is a girl not a girl?
The controversy surrounding Caster Semenya reached a crescendo this week when she won a race by such a huge margin that suspicions could no longer be contained.
There are many in the athletics community who feel that Semenya may be transgender. I don't think there's any suggestion that she is deliberately cheating, but perhaps that certain female hormones and characteristics may be lacking. She has a muscular build, a deep voice and has never developed breasts.
The tests she must now undergo are not in order to see if she's a man, but whether she 'qualifies' as a woman. If she cannot test positive, she can longer compete in women's athletics, as this would put her at too great an advantage – men develop more muscle than women and have a greater oxygen conversion which enables them to run faster.
Gender is such an integral part of who we are that many of us don't stop to think about it – we are simply male or female and that's that. But life is more troublesome for people who stand on the cusp.
Because, scientifically speaking, gender is not a cut-and-dried affair. In the womb we all start out female and masculine characteristics only develop later. We have varying amounts of sex hormones. Women need testosterone. Men need oestrogen. At puberty, some people's hormones fail to kick in and can leave them in no-man's-land. One friend of mine, at 17, turned out not to have a vagina, uterus or ovaries – did this make her not-female?
Just as most of us knew someone at school who was obviously gay, even at a very young age, I wonder if most of us have also encountered someone who is fixedly transgender.
I went to school with one such person. At birth, his sex couldn't be determined, so he was raised as a boy. However, he failed to develop sexual parts, and the other boys, at around the critical age of 11 or so, began to make his life a misery. It was far too late to 'change' him to being a girl, and as a hermaphrodite he endured years of bullying and insults.
Pretty much the same sort of thing seems to have happened to Semenya. Her interests have always been 'boyish', and she has spent her life being teased and humiliated for her masculine looks, with other competitors even refusing to share the toilets with her.
I can't imagine that this story will end happily if it found that Semenya is not entirely female according to the distinctions required by world athletics. Not only would she be banned from competing in women's races, her position back in South Africa might be untenable in a culture where there is already terrible prejudice against women who don't follow a traditionally submissive feminine route.
One can only hope, for her sake, that she passes the tests and turns out to be simply a new physical type (much as the muscular appearance of Navratilova startled women's tennis when she first appeared). Because, if not, I don't see how there is a place for her outside of the West, where some of us, at least, are more tolerant of difference.
journal	gender, women
» Review: The Stranger in the Mirror by Jane Shilling
» AIDS now the biggest killer of young women
» Another whingeing Pom
» The house of the weird
» Sex and the single girl
The house of the weird

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home5Discussions & Our Democracy5Discussion Guides5Welcoming Communities – an Online Course of Exploratory Discussion
Welcoming Communities – an Online Course of Exploratory Discussion
Pete Shively
Martin Luther King famously envisioned the ideal of a "beloved community" as a place not only desegregated by law but one integrated in spirit, a place where people of all walks, all beliefs, and all races live and work peacefully side by side. Nearly sixty years hence, we seem more distant than ever from King's idealized vision. And of those intervening years, political scientist Robert Putnam has argued, controversially, that America's civic and social capital has declined significantly and to the great detriment of our communities and our commonweal. Increasingly, we are not only bowling alone, we seem to be actively ripping apart the patchwork fabric of various civic and social associations that–under one view—nurture the public trust, tolerance, political engagement, equity, and civil discourse that sustain our democracy. Importantly as well, there are also far less idealistic realities about how many of our communities function. They are often exclusionary and nurturing of prejudice, bigotry, discrimination, and conflict.
What are our ideals, if any, for our communities—beloved, welcoming, or otherwise? How distant are our communities from these ideals? And what kinds of different, healthier, and more welcoming communities might we envision for our future?
In partnership with the Diversity Relations Council and the Center for Lifelong Learning at Leisure World in Silver Spring, Maryland, the Interactivity Foundation is facilitating an online course of exploratory small-group discussions on the topic of Welcoming Communities. In this course, registered participants from Leisure World will meet weekly online via Zoom to collaboratively explore and expand on different understandings of what it means to be a "welcoming community;" and later to develop different possibilities for enabling the "welcoming communities" of our future.
The six class discussions for this course will be participatory, interactive, and additive. The "Course Outline," and discussion questions listed below broadly describe the overall arc of the course. The specific content and discussion questions for each session, however, will be shaped primarily by–and modified from week-to-week to integrate–the concerns, values, ideas, and possibilities developed by the participants.
Course Outline & Discussion Questions
Course Guidance
Discussion Summaries
Stage One: Expanding our Sense of "Community" and "Welcoming Community"
Session 1: Initial exploration of "community"
What does "community" mean to you?
What different kinds of communities are you part of—and why?
What communities have you joined and/or left and why?
What are different positive or negative aspects of community?
Let's start to form a sense of some of the key features or dimensions that come into play for "community"
Session 2: Expand our exploration to "welcoming communities"
What has made you feel welcomed or included (or not) in a community?
What could it mean to be a "welcoming community"?
What are some of the features or aspects of a welcoming community?
What values or goals might shape our thinking about welcoming communities?
Stage Two: Deepening and Consolidating our Explorations
Session 3: Diving deeper on the concerns, questions, and challenges
What are some of the key challenges or questions we might face in creating and sustaining welcoming communities?
What root causes or underlying issues might be at play?
What values, goals, or goods are related to these concerns or challenges?
Session 4: Developing Core Questions and Concerns
What are the core or foundational concerns or questions that need to be addressed for welcoming communities?
How we might prioritize them?
Let's start thinking about how we, as a public, might address or respond to some of these concerns and questions.
Stage Three: Generating Possibilities for Welcoming Communities
Session 5: Imagining Welcoming Communities—A History of the Future
Imagine you're in a future with your ideal of a welcoming community: what is it like?
What policies do they have in place to make it work?
How did they get there?
What did they build on in our own time to get there?
Session 6: Sorting, Choosing & Wrapping Up
Let's continue to flesh out the different possibilities we've created so far.
What are we missing? Any new ideas?
How well might they address the concerns and questions we've explored?
What could be added to make them work better?
How might we summarize them for others?
Wrapping up: where have we arrived and where might we head next?
The Nature of this Course
This course may be a little unusual in that it will focus on collaborative learning by the "students" rather than on directed instruction by the course facilitators. The work of the course will take place in the six facilitated discussions on Friday afternoons, from 3 pm-4:30 pm. There are no real assignments outside of class time, except to read the short discussion summaries from each session. For this to work well, it helps if you follow the agreements below.
Course Agreements
Be present. Since the work of the course takes place during the class time, we ask that you be fully present. We hope that you agree to take part in the whole series of six sessions (as far as possible–there are always unexpected absences). We ask that you be engaged and able to participate during the class.
Three conversation agreements. Our discussion process works by the group members working collaboratively to explore diverse perspectives and develop alternative possibilities. This means helping each other to stretch our minds and imaginations. In the discussions we ask that you agree to:
Be generous
Listen first and look for the kernel of truth in what others say
Help each other build on ideas, regardless of whether you agree
Step up (to participate) and step back (to make room for others)
Stretch your mind and think of what we might be missing
Bring up ideas even if you don't have them fully figured out
Think of how the conversation could dig deeper
Have fun The conversation should be enjoyable–it's not a debate or argument
Don't Talk about Who Said What (Non-Attribution). Since our conversations depend on exploring diverse perspectives and ideas, we want people to openly bring up and engage with perspectives and ideas that they may not personally support. Generally, we want to separate the ideas under discussion from the people who bring them up. To make this possible, we ask you to agree not to attribute comments to specific individuals if you talk about the discussions with others who are not part of the course. In short, don't talk about who said what with others who are outside of the course.
Download PDF of Discussion Summary #6
Download PDF of Discussion Summary 1
Discussion Summary for Session 6
Final Discussion Session: Sorting, Choosing, & Wrapping Up
In the introduction for this final session of this 6-week course on Welcoming Communities, we briefly reviewed 4 different policy possibilities developed from ideas explored in prior sessions. In our final small group discussions, we started by asking "when I think of 'welcoming community,' I think of _____________?" We then moved on to focusing on different aspects of the initial four possibilities. What could make them work better? How might they be revised to better capture the key concerns or to better address the core questions we had explored? How might they better describe our optimal visions for more welcoming, inclusive communities? And how we might get there from here? We focused especially on what might be missing and whether there were any new ideas to add. Finally, we wrapped up this final session with an overview of "what's next" as well as some feedback on the course overall.
Introductory Summary of 4 Policy Possibilities for Welcoming & Inclusive Communities
1. Focus on Enabling Diversity & Inclusivity: set the conditions for welcoming communities and enabling diverse people to live and interact with one another ("build it, and they will come"). Goals, features, implementations include—
Multi-racial, cultural, generational, and class
Physical, built changes to housing and more and better public spaces
Social/cultural changes: address legacies of exclusion, multi-cultural programming; roles for older residents; policies, rules, publicity highlight commitments.
2. Focus on Fostering a Community Spirit of Inclusivity that has to be continually worked on, repeated, and regularized as a community virtue. Goals, features, implementations—
Neighborliness (know & talk to each other); trust, engagement
Community service—many options/opportunities to get involved, a role for everyone
Generosity; looking out for each, helping out
Community-wide events
3. Focus on Increasing Outreach, Coordination, Interaction—like community relations and state departments. Goals, features, implementations—
Within a neighborhood: welcoming committees, "ambassadors", home visits and follow-up visits, personal invitations, introductions, to service, to leadership roles
Across neighborhoods/communities: communication/coordination, creation of joint initiatives, programs, and celebrations (e.g., mentoring, assistance, cultural events)
4. Focus on creating and supporting Community Leadership Committed to Inclusivity. Goals, features, implementations include—
Explicit written commitments in mission statement, policies/rules, marketing/publicity
Include in planning efforts (e.g. strategic plan) and budgeting
Cultivating next generation of leaders: inviting, mentoring
Ongoing education and training; openness to change
What should we add to the initial policy possibilities—to clarify them or make them work?
Possibility #1 – Enabling Diversity & Inclusivity—building the infrastructure
"Build it and they will come!"
More shared, public spaces for group gatherings and public events. Common rooms for every building and neighborhood.
Other built amenities that support public gathering: benches, picnic tables, etc.
Virtual or technological infrastructure: meeting rooms with videoconferencing capabilities—microphones, cameras, etc. Virtual meetings can really help encourage gathering for people with mobility challenges.
Governance infrastructure/capacity: consider forming some sort of advisory committee to the board of directors and/or broader community. Could research and recommend draft policy statements and best practices for both the board of directors and for individual neighborhoods to adopt.
More informational and other meetings within neighborhoods and homeowners associations.
Formal, legal policy or mission statements in place to educate, head off problems before they happen, and have plans in place for responding to incidents when they do happen.
Possibility #2 – Fostering Community Spirit
Includes a sense of responsibility among all members for sustaining a welcoming community, not just leadership.
Also need a concentrated group of dedicated people who want to make it work and have the energy and ideas to carry through on it.
Will require long-term, sustained commitment, efforts, and repetition—it will take time and constant tending; need to encourage people not to give up.
Improved communication to new and old community members that we are all in this together. Need to establish and reinforce strong norms of inclusivity, welcoming, and positivity for all community communications, especially in writing and online.
More and new community-wide events and other opportunities for everyone to come together for positive purposes: g., recent gathering to support Asian Americans; also celebrations for each other's different festivals, holidays, "spirit days" etc.
Accommodate different levels of interest/involvement—don't need 100% involvement; some people are not joiners (and that's ok), and they may still support the goals of fostering a more welcoming, inclusive community spirit.
Include a sense of "flexibility"—to meet people where they are. There are many different ways to be connected, to be involved, to participate—to match different personality types and interests.
Possible analogies: "community ambassadors" or "activity directors."
Information gathering: need to know who is in the community and what their interests are. We need to listen to the different needs of different community members.
Build on enthusiasm, positivity, trying new things.
Establish an advisory group, or committee (etc.), like this group, to provide ongoing support, education, and awareness around these issues.
May not be formal or governmental, but more voluntary and flexible. Could be in addition to a more formal, governmental committee.
Could provide an open forum for exchanging ideas, best practices, etc.
and help build "community within the community"
Such a group could also act as a clearing house for information
Strategize for how to respond to incidents, to show support for others, for establishing long-term, systemic change.
Possibility #3 – Focus on Increasing Outreach, Coordination, Interaction
Return to having regular, quarterly events, gatherings for newcomers.
Be prepared to address "thornier issues," including racist incidents, within our community so that we're able, capable of doing outreach with a plan and with integrity.
Start with smaller-size groups and communities of interest where people may be more comfortable at first and then build up and out from there. Communities of interest may be able to bridge out to others beyond residential neighborhoods.
Build connections between different groups and clubs: "open houses" and mixers; include suggestions for how to mix people up, meet others.
Be sensitive to different personality types: not everyone is a joiner or likes being pushed to do something new.
Survey and learn from other communities: what are they doing that works.
Create new and informal interest groups: people interested in attending an event together, having dinner after, etc.
Include "ambassadors"—people who have personality to be outgoing and training to make connections to do the initial outreach; and who will sustain the efforts.
Include the role of media and publicity in improving outreach: the community newspaper, social media, letters to the editor, announcements and invitations for open houses and other community-wide events.
Possibility #4 – Community Leadership Committed to Inclusivity
Form a new group to advise the board of directors and the individual homeowners associations or neighborhoods on issues of welcoming, inclusivity, and diversity.
Work on continuing education for leadership, staff, and other community members.
Research/survey "best practices" for inclusivity and diversity by other communities; make recommendations.
Adopt advance plans and procedures on how to respond to any racist or other anti-social events, to give clear signals about expectations and what is and is not acceptable.
"When you think of Welcoming Community now, you think of ______________?" Or "how has that understanding changed (if it has)?"
Signs of friendliness: smiles, saying hello, asking questions; other gestures like waves; acknowledging each other.
Generosity; invitations to take part, to join, to attend.
Organized, sustained efforts—not just reliance on accident or chance; someone(s) or some group(s) have to be responsible for making it happen.
Senses of belonging, connectedness, wanting to be involved, and joy.
May be different expressions or forms of welcoming for different people; not just one way of being inclusive or welcoming.
Inclusivity and diversity as more real and valuable community assets—not just "good feelings", but values that make the whole community a desirable place to live.
I now visualize a "welcoming community" as having a diverse mix of different people, cultures, religious traditions, and other backgrounds within the community.
It requires a mutually shared philosophy, a set of shared commitments that must be crystallized in writing, in planning, in marketing, and with management.
My understanding of community is now much enlarged, more expansive. It's not just my floor or building, I'm now thinking more about the broader community, the whole community.
My understanding has shifted from a more individualistic view to a much more communal and systematic view. I'm thinking more about structural things that can be done and affect everyone and not just about my individual state of mind.
I'm thinking more now not just about my personal sense of community but also my responsibility—what I'd be willing to give. I expect more of both myself and my community and am reconsidering my roles and responsibilities.
I now think of "welcoming community" more as a "leadership" issue; previously I didn't.
I now think of connecting multiple different communities.
The Heart of Democratic Citizenship – a National Week of Conversation Event
What do you think is at the heart of being a democratic citizen? In a self-governing society, what could it mean to be a full participant, to be a democratic...
Welcoming Communities Welcome Discussion and Transformation
This successful 6-week course of exploratory discussions with residents of Leisure World in Silver Springs, Maryland brought forth many different ideas about how our communities could be transformed to be...
Welcoming Communities – an Online Course of Exploratory Discussions
In partnership with the Diversity Relations Council and the Center for Lifelong Learning at Leisure World in Silver Spring, Maryland, the Interactivity Foundation is facilitating an online course of exploratory...
Toward A More Perfect Union – What IF…? Online Conversations
Please join us on Zoom for this 4-session community conversation series to explore the state of our democracy and how we might move toward a more perfect union (register here)....
New Discussion Materials !!!
The Interactivity Foundation has new discussion materials to share. These discussion guides were developed through exploratory discussions in our small-group, online discussion events. You can use them to help discuss...
Discussion Matters
As we approach the upcoming fall elections, we hear a lot about the importance of voting. To that, we'd like to say an emphatic "yes—and." Yes, voting is essential for...
Toward a Safer, More Beloved Community
"But the end [of nonviolent protest] is reconciliation; the end is redemption; the end is the creation of the beloved community. It is this type of spirit and this type...
Talking About the Constitution
For four weeks earlier this year, from late February through early March and just prior to the social distancing and other public safety measures necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the...
Georgetown Neighborhood Library: Dance, Lunch, and Conversation
Interactive dance performance, lunch, and stimulating, facilitated discussion. Get out and learn something new. We will begin at noon with a dance performance, enjoy a free boxed lunch (courtesy of...
A "Living Art Installation" and Sustained Community Discussion
During the fall of 2019, the Interactivity Foundation partnered with Philadelphia-based muralist, Michelle Angela Ortiz, to create a "living art installation" about family detention and separation in Pennsylvania. "Nunca Dejemos...
Summer Concert, Conversation, and Lunch Series
What's a wonderful way to spend a summer afternoon? There are many. Last summer, IF, in partnership with Culture Saves, IONA, the D.C. Public Libraries, and the D.C. Department of...
Concert, Conversation, and Lunch Series
How better to spend an afternoon than with music, conversation and lunch in beautiful spaces filled with literature and learning? I am the founder of Culture Saves. I've been organizing...
Community Conversations on Eviction at the National Building Museum
Before the Community Conversation I… "thought that there were few solutions to the eviction epidemic in the US." Now I…"realize there are many ways to institute change and policy to...
Upcoming IF Discussions at Neighborhood Libraries in the DC Area
For more information, contact IF Fellow Ieva Notturno.
EnCiv Launches Testing Program in Founders' Home Town
With the successful Chicago municipal election project receding in the rear view mirror, EnCiv has its sights set on the next stage in its development: a thorough experimental program to test...
Community-based Learning and The Role of Exploratory Discussions
Community-based learning is education that takes place off college campus. With community partners as co-educators, students and faculty collaborate on shared learning, co-construction of knowledge, and civic action projects. This...
Guns and Good Neighbors
A colleague asked me if I might be interested in participating in the April 2018 national Week of Conversation and might I also be interested in organizing a "gun discussion"?...
Building Merrill Together – Further Update
The residents of the city of Merrill and the surrounding areas of Lincoln county Wisconsin continue to talk, listen, and work together on "Building Merrill Together," a now-ongoing public discussion...
Lessons Learned from USATalk's First Successful Project
As reported in a recent newsletter, this past summer IF collaborated with Ballotpedia on USATalk's first real-world pilot project—a fall 2017 voter information initiative in Des Moines, Iowa. That project,...
Connected Discussions
Connected Posts


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Best of Arré: The Year We Lost The Voice
By Arré Bench Dec. 17, 2017
From India's most fearless journalist to the voice of a generation, a toast to our old friends who we lost this year. Here's to their lives, legacies, and lasting memories.
It's that time of the year when we measure out the last 365 days in losses. Gauri Lankesh's murder left us shocked and seething; Vinod Khanna passed on, the eternal Adonis who left so many of us breathless.
Kishori Amonkar, Chester Bennington, Tom Petty joined the great gig in the sky. With Hugh Hefner, we bid intellerotica goodbye.
Farewell, old friends. Here's to your lives, legacies, and lasting memories.
Gauri Lankesh, A Dissenter Until the End
Gauri Lankesh was one of our finest and most fearless journalists. She was a voice of truth, a dissenter until the end. She fought against silence because she believed silence is consent.
Rise, revolt, make a noise. Because staying silent while those around us are being silenced is the biggest tragedy of it all. Watch the full video here.
The Mother Tongue Murders
We like to claim superiority over Pakistan and Bangladesh in the field of freedom of expression, but the killing of Gauri Lankesh left us asking, which man or woman will pose a threat to the institution? In whose name will we organise yet another #NotInMyName protest? The answer to this, lies in understanding what made the likes of Gauri Lankesh, and others like her, MM Kalburgi, Narendra Dabholkar, and Govind Pansare, so dangerous. Read the full story here.
When Vinod Khanna Asked for Doodh and Killed a Hero
With Vinod Khanna we bid goodbye to the quintessential hero of Indian cinema, a hero in the strictest sense of the word. The chiselled looks, the rugged sexuality, the undisguised charm, Vinod Khanna was all, and more, that a hero could be. But nobody wanted to become Vinod Khanna. Because they knew nobody could ever become Vinod Khanna. Read the full story here.
Death in the Grunge
On July 20, Chester Bennington, the front man of Linkin Park, committed suicide. As an artist, Bennington alleviated the pain of an entire generation, with foreboding lyrics that even now resonate in the heart of every angsty teenager. Unfortunately, he ended up succumbing to the very plague he sang about. Read the full story here.
Hugh Hefner and the Death of Intellerotica
This year, we lost Hugh Hefner and with it Playboy's brand of intellerotica. Today, sexy has found itself traded in for crude sexism, just as the word "liberal" has been shown the door by a right-wing nationalist vocab. In an increasingly intolerant time, Playboy is a reminder of a more unprejudiced world. Read the full story here.
You Don't Know How it Feels About Tom Petty
Some people exist only to pretty much show light. Tom Petty was one such person. His songs were words soaked in kerosene and set alight, aimed straight at the heart of cynicism – yet somehow missing it. Close enough to singe but not quite burn the place that says "try again". Read the full story here.
Mharo Pranam. RIP Kishori Amonkar
Kishori Amonkar was dubbed the Queen of Romanticism. Kishori Tai was one of the last of the legends of Hindustani classical music.
Arré Bench
The Arré bench delivers stories that mattress. It hasn't achieved much sofar. But it's getting bedder.
First Person When Surgical Strikes Were a State Secret
Our wars now unfold on a public stage. More than thirty years ago, surgical strikes were business as usual. After the 2016 strike, Colonel Abir Choudhuri recalled a gripping operation in Myanmar.
First Person Why We Need to Be Careful of What We Believe Post the Balakot Air Strike
During the 1971 war, as India clashed with Pakistan, disinformation gained a life of its own, recalls Shalini Asher. Today, highly vitriolic media campaigns and misleading social media posts have created complete chaos.
Portraits The Foot Soldier of the Dalit Revolution
If Rohith became the "martyr" of the Dalit cause, Ravichandran is its valiant foot soldier. And he comes armed with a handycam.
People The Heroes of India's Black Money Economy
Angadias are the nucleus of India's rural and urban cash economy. You'd think the demonetisation drive would've rendered them jobless. But that doesn't seem to be the case.
First Person Boarding Now: The Tharki Indian Traveller
Indian fliers are an air hostess's worst nightmare. They are impolite and impatient. They try to jump queues, pick fights with fellow passengers, and ogle at the crew.


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Home Anniversary Special A Huge Construction Site …That's What Rivers Has Been… In 2 Years
A Huge Construction Site …That's What Rivers Has Been… In 2 Years
By admin -
A cardinal parameter for measuring the success or failure of any administration is the availability of basic infrastructure to drive the sustainable development of the state. One of such infrastructures is good road network to facilitate communication and mobility of people, goods and services. A serious look at the roads development agenda of the Amaechi administration in the last two years is critically important because of the significance of good road network to the speedy development of the state.
Before the administration came to power two years ago, movement in and around Port Harcourt was difficult due mainly to congestion occasioned by heavy human and vehicular traffic on the few roads available within the city. This had been caused by the fact that successive administrations since the late 1960s had failed to implement the Port Harcourt master plan adopted by the British in the development of Port Harcourt Town area. Thus, increasing urbanization and population explosion without any effort to mitigate their impact had left overstretched infrastructures in residential areas in the old city, thereby compelling new residents and those who value nature to relocate to other communities in Port Harcourt, Obio/Akpor, Ikwerre, Etche, Oyigbo, Eleme, and Okrika local government areas.
Indeed, the expansion of residential houses, estates and quarters in these areas has been on a steady rise, and this has brought unprecedented pressure on infrastructure development, including roads in the city. Government-after-government had watched as people erected structures and residential apartments indiscriminately in the city and adjoining communities, and the result has been chaos in all areas. Buildings are crammed, some built too close to the roads, others on drains, yet government officials remained mute on the abuse of town planning regulations in mostly Port Harcourt and Obio/Akpor council areas. And hardly were new roads emerging to ease the tension in the city. In fact, the whole of Port Harcourt and Obio/Akpor local government areas had no more than 400 kilometres of roads in about four decades; that is less than 100 kilometres in a decade. This is where the government of Rt. Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi in Rivers State has done significantly well in the last two years.
It is interesting to note that within the first three months of Amaechi's administration, 100 kilometres of paved roads were added to the about 400 kilometres the administration met in October, 2007. In the first one year of the administration, contracts had been awarded for about 450 kilometres of paved roads in the state. Two years after, about 200 kilometres of these roads have been completed while work is ongoing on the remaining 250 kilometres. In the same breathe; about 30 bridges are being constructed on some of the affected roads. Some of these bridges have been completed. This year, more road contracts have been awarded to link up communities, and spread development in the state. Other major projects of the government include the construction of flyover bridges, sand-filling, reclamation and shore protection. Now, it is important to take a holistic look at some of these projects.
First are roads, which must be segregated into two: Major roads dualisation and internal road works. The first of these is the Rumuola/Rumuokwuta Road dualisation awarded to MCC. This road stretching about 1.8 kilometres, is virtually completed at a cost of N2.3billion. The 14-kilometre Rumuokwuta/Ozuoba/Choba Road, awarded to Homan Engineering Company Limited at an initial cost of N5.7billion, has been reviewed upward. That project, which has given a lot of residents concern, is about 50 per cent completed. The 42-kilometre Airport/Isiokpo/Omerelu/Elele stretch through Rivers/Imo boundary, awarded to Setraco at a cost of N21billion is about 30 per cent completed.
Other roads that are facing dualisation are the 3.2-kilometre Rumuobiakani/Oginigba/Slaughter Road, with a bridge expansion, being handled by Reynolds Construction Company Limited at a cost of N6billion.That road is about 90 per cent completed. Another important road is the 2.8-kilometre First Bank/Rumuomasi/Rumuobiakani/Rumuogba/Artillery Road, with a bridge expansion, being executed by Zerock Construction Company Limited at a cost of N2billion. This road is about 80 per cent completed. As the Governor Amaechi administration marks two years in office, it is worthy to highlight the dualisation of the Igbo-Etche/Eneka Road by Omewa Construction Limited at a cost of N1billion; now progressing. It is also important to mention the Iloabuchi/Eagle Island Road, being dualised with a bridge, at a cost of about N3.9billion; and the N6.7billion Ada-George Road, now at about 30 per cent completion. Work on the Unity Road is nearing completion while contract for the Trans-Kalabari Highway has just been revoked due to contractor's inability to keep pace with his contractual agreement.
Although some of these roads were expected to have been completed by now, massive work is still on-going. Take the Rumuola/Rumuokwuta for example. Work was supposed to have been completed by June this year; the contractor has not made good his promise. The Rumuobiakani/Oginigba/Slaugther Road was meant to be delivered in June this year; it is still on-going. Work is progressing on the First Bank/Rumuomasi/Rumuobiakani/Rumuogba/Artillery Road, to be delivered at the end of this year.
The rest for which contracts have been awarded but work is yet to begin, are the Rumuokurusi/Elimgbu/Eneka/Igwuruta Road, Rumuomasi/Elekahia Road, the Okujagu/Woji/Akpajo Road, with bridges, among others. This is in addition to the planned reconstruction of the G.U.Ake Road, formerly Olu Obasano Bye-Pass Road to Airport.
The flyovers have not been left out in this aggressive push for road development in the state in the last two years. Thus, the Eleme Junction Interchange has just been completed by Julius Berger. The Eliozu flyover is about 95 per cent completed. Both flyover projects were awarded by the Celestine Omehia administration in October, 2007. The Agip/Sani Abacha/Rumueme Roundabout flyover is about 30 per cent completed while work on the Rumuokoro Roundabout flyover is yet to commence. However, the Eliozu flyover was to be delivered in April this year; work has virtually been abandoned on the job. Julius Berger was to deliver the Eleme Junction flyover project in early April. The pace at which the Agip/Sani Abacha/Rumueme Roundabout flyover is progressing has given serious concern to many stakeholders in the state.
Two years after, Amaechi's government has added more than 30 roads to the internal road network in Port Harcourt metropolis alone. So far, more than 180 road projects have been awarded by the present administration to ease traffic flow in the state. Most of these are in the local government areas, especially Bori, Ahoada, Isiokpo, Elele, Etche, Eleme, Oyigbo, Saakpenwa, Kpor, Okrika, Abua, among others. For instance, in Bori, Isiokpo, Elele and Ahoada, virtually all internal roads have been completed, while work on others are on-going. Elele alone has about 29-kilometre of roads. More than N3billion has been spent on good roads in Bori. Agbani, a suburb of Port Harcourt, has about 27 good roads already. Others have similar measure of roads running through their streets.
In 2008 alone, the Amaechi administration awarded road contracts worth more than N120billion, and paid about N75billion to road contractors. It also paid in arrears, some N20billion debts to road contractors, for contracts awarded by the previous administrations. The administration has continued to service those contracts while awarding more road jobs this year.
Other projects include sand-filling of low-lands, especially in Opobo Town. In this ancient city, the government has spent well over N3billion to sand-fill the town to accelerate the pace of development there. Other towns with similar development challenges are also receiving attention.
The significance of these infrastructure development programmes lies in the fact that it would make life more meaningful for Rivers people. It would, indeed, reduce the frustration commuters, motorists and business owners face daily in Port Harcourt. The development of these roads and flyovers will engineer development in a manner never before imagined. In fact, this will encourage proper planning, timing and execution of programmes by individuals, investors, business men and women, and even government, because movement of goods and services can be planned and executed on target just as wastages in terms of energy and resources would be minimised. Besides, the development of Greater Port Harcourt would also be facilitated. These are not all. There are other road projects being undertaken by the Amaechi administration as part of the ambitious road development programme for Rivers State, which has over the years, suffered poor road networks to make mobility and accessibility easy for people of the state and other residents. In fact, all the 23 local government areas of the state have a significant number of road projects, either completed or ongoing to drive development at the development centres.
Although the challenges are enormous, especially as it relates to the difficulties residents face as a result of the massive construction works going on in the state, this holistic infrastructure development strategy has brought immense relief and hardship to many, only for the benefit of posterity. These are infrastructures future generations are in a hurry to inherit from the Amaechi administration. So, two years after, the Amaechi administration remains on course to transform the state's infrastructure landscape for the better.
Nelson Chukwudi
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text:
California Speaks was a statewide deliberative forum on health care reform that took place on August 11, 2007 in eight counties in California: Humboldt, Sacramento, Alameda (Oakland), Fresno, San Luis Obispo, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Diego. Nearly 3,500 people representing all segments of the population were randomly recruited to participate in this day-long discussion of health care reform proposals that are before the California legislature.

Background

Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger of California proposed comprehensive health insurance reform for California on January 9, 2007 that would lead to nearly universal health insurance coverage in the state. The plan involved a complex set of requirements that employers provide health insurance or pay into a state insurance pool, that health care providers and insurers pay a new fee, and that all individuals be legally required to carry health insurance. The state would use the new fees to expand free or low-cost health insurance to those with low incomes, would allow higher income individuals to purchase "catastrophic" insurance, and would require insurance companies to sell insurance to any applicant (called guaranteed issue)  By mid-year, two different Democratic proposals that overlapped the Governor's proposal had merged into Assembly Bill 8 (AB8) and were seen as the most likely health insurance expansion bill to be passed and signed by California's governor in 2007. Another bill with substantial support in the legislature proposed a single payer system, SB840. It was similar to a bill that had passed the legislature in a previous session and been vetoed by the Governor.

Much of the organizational ideas and effort were provided by AmericaSpeaks, a group which promotes deliberation as a community method in a variety of communities, regions and topics.

The forum

California Speaks was designed as a non-partisan discussion about the major health insurance reforms in the state. Using neutral, accessible materials, a cross section of  Californians learned about the different options and voted during the forum about what the state should do. The options focused on issues concerning AB8 and, to a lesser degree, SB840. The product of the discussions will be presented to the Governor and legislative leadership to inform state legislation that is currently being negotiated in Sacramento.

The actual format of the discussions was that participants were divided into groups of 10–12 people, with a facilitator to make sure everyone got a chance to be heard. A discussion guide was provided which explained the background of the issues.

Each table reported its ideas using wireless computers and participants voted on the proposals, using a polling keypad. The entire group responded to the strongest themes generated from table discussions and voted on final recommendations to decision makers. Also, various local sessions across the state were in contact via interactive television simultaneously.

Results from the discussion were compiled into a report at the end of the meeting, and were given to participants, decision-makers and the media as the meeting concluded.

As a participant in the San Diego group, I don't understand the exclusion of every group throughout the state preferring a single party payee system to any of the choices offered for discussion. Those running the forum said that this choice had already been rejected by the state and we would not even be allowed to discuss or consider this as an option. The forum almost ended at that point as this is what the citizenry wanted.  The groups from Oakland and Humboldt counties were prepared to walk out if some version of a single party system wasn't included in the discussion. Our table was politically diverse in its make up, yet upon a straw vote ten of our twelve preferred some form of Medicare coverage for all.  Upon threat of there not being any discussion at all, we were allowed to consider how such a program would differ from the choices on the table, but nothing beyond that would be accepted.  I was a little stunned to hear groups of polar political differences in other issues be unified in their support of a health care system similar to the rest of the world's. Without my notes I can't report accurately on the remainder of the meeting, only that the participants had been muzzled and nobody had a chance to even discuss their opinions.

The results
Participants identified four key values to guide health care reform at the start of the forum: Health care should be affordable by all, everyone should have access, greed (profit) should not be part of the system, and wellness/prevention should be a priority. There was general support for the AB8/Governor's range of proposals, with a number of conditions. Employer mandates were supported but most participants also wanted to assure that part-time and other employees were covered. Individual mandates were supported as long as there was an adequate standard for quality of care and other guarantees.  Over 80% of this cross-section of Californians expressed a willingness to "share the responsibility" for paying for expanded health insurance.

The impact

The results and interpretation were presented to representatives of the California Legislature and Governor on August 23, 2007. The intent of the process is that the opinions of this large (3,500 person) group of average Californians from around the state, who spent a full day discussing the issues, would inform the California health care reform debate.

See also
 AmericaSpeaks
 Medicare for All Act
 Universal health care

References

External links
 http://www.californiaspeaks.org/
 https://archive.today/20130414143111/http://www.calhealthreform.org/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071009130315/http://www.cahealthreformnow.org/
 California OneCareNow Campaign
 Health Care for All—California
 Video Archive of CaliforniaSpeaks (in chapters) https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103347/http://www.fc-tv.com/clients/americaspeaks/webcast/
 Video Highlights (8-min) https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103253/http://www.fc-tv.com/FCVideo/CaliforniaSpeaks/caSpeaks5minlowres.wmv

Government of California
Citizens' assemblies
Healthcare reform in California


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The Denver Nuggets kicked off their new season with Carmelo Anthony on board, the forward was able to tag 23 points and five rebounds in the team's win over Utah. The Nuggets' offense didn't seem to lose a step, as the team had six players with double-digit points in their season debut. New Orleans savored the return of their savvy guard, Chris Paul. The Hornets were able to defeat the Bucks in their first season game, 91-94.
– Chris Paul looked terrific for the Hornets, scoring 16 points alongside his 17 assists. David West also has success alongside Paul, scoring 22 points and grabbing seven rebounds.
– The Nuggets have taken better care of the ball so far this season, and have had some significant help down low from newcomer, Shelden Williams. The 6'9'' power forward was able to snag 16 boards and score seven points for Denver.
– The Hornets look to build off the leadership of Paul this year. If Paul remains healthy, players such as Marcus Thornton, Marco Belinelli, David West and Trevor Ariza could generate some great offense. Ariza was able to have a solid game all around the floor, with 11 points, 5 rebounds and 4 steals in the Hornets first season game.
The Hornets will look to weather the Nuggets' scorching offense. Denver was able to beat down Utah 88-110 in their season debut, but the Hornets have a respective win over the Bucks. The Hornets have a great set of shooters and solid post game down low, but Denver should be able to shed the New Orleans defense in this meeting.


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Kwiecień 2011

 30 kwietnia
 Ronald Asmus, amerykański dyplomata i politolog
 Witold Maksymowicz, polski duchowny prawosławny, były proboszcz prawosławnej parafii Zaśnięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Krakowie
 Emilio Navarro, portorykański baseballista
 Ryszard Rubinkiewicz, polski salezjanin i biblista
 Ernesto Sábato, argentyński pisarz
 Bronisław Sekula, polski architekt
 Celina Wanda Tyszko, polska dziennikarka, kurierka i łączniczka do specjalnych zadań RPŻ "Żegota"
 29 kwietnia
 Waldemar Baszanowski, polski sztangista, mistrz olimpijski, medalista mistrzostw świata i Europy
 Krystyna Bednarczyk, polska poetka emigracyjna i wydawca
 Robert Duncan, amerykański polityk
 Józef Isenko, polski lekkoatleta (średniodystansowiec)
 Włodzimierz Krzemiński, polski poeta, prozaik, autor tekstów radiowych
 Alojzy Andrzej Łuczak, polski popularyzator muzyki, dyrektor Filharmonii Poznańskiej im. Tadeusza Szeligowskiego
 Irena Małunowicz, polski chemik
 Bill LaRochelle, kanadyjski lekkoatleta, płotkarz i sprinter
 Jerzy Salmonowicz, polski chemik, działacz opozycji demokratycznej, przewodniczący NSZZ "Solidarność" w Morskim Instytucie Rybackim
 Andrzej Szukalski, polski bankowiec, współzałożyciel i prezes Związku Banków Polskich
 28 kwietnia
 Zbigniew Anusz, polski epidemiolog-epizootiolog
 José Manuel Bettencourt Rodrigues, portugalski generał, minister wojny (1968–1970), gubernator Gwinei Portugalskiej (1973–1974)
 Witold Górski (wiceminister handlu zagranicznego), polski polityk, podsekretarz stanu w Ministerstwie Handlu Zagranicznego
 Erhard Loretan, szwajcarski himalaista
 Andrzej Wolski, polski harcerz, żołnierz Szarych Szeregów i AK, działacz polonijny w Kanadzie
 27 kwietnia
 Kazimierz Bryniarski, polski hokeista na lodzie, olimpijczyk (1956)
 Jerzy Lisikiewicz, polski ekonomista
 Franciszek Piętak, polski samorządowiec, wiceprzewodniczący Zarządu Regionu Lubelskiego Platformy Obywatelskiej RP
 Zdzisław Rutecki, polski żużlowiec, trener żużlowy
 David Wilkerson, amerykański duchowny protestancki, pisarz
 27 kwietnia
 Barbara Gwiazdowska, polski fizyk medyczny
 25 kwietnia
 Wanda Madejczyk, polska poetka i działaczka społeczna
 Zbigniew Motyczyński, polski ekonomista, prezes Związku Piłsudczyków, kawaler Orderu Virtuti Militari
 Ryszard Nawrocki, polski aktor
 Gonzalo Rojas, chilijski poeta
 Tomasz Służewski, polski reżyser teatralny
 Poly Styrene, brytyjska wokalistka punkowa, frontmenka formacji X-Ray Spex
 24 kwietnia
 Wiesław Chrzanowski, polski wojskowy, autor fotografii z powstania warszawskiego
 Nawang Gombu, tybetański szerpa, pierwszy dwukrotny zdobywca Mount Everest w historii
 Janusz Kowalski, polski lekkoatleta, wieloboista
 Sathya Sai Baba, indyjski mistrz duchowy, guru, przywódca religijny
 23 kwietnia
 Dmytro Błażejowśkyj, duchowny greckokatolicki
 Stanisław Gorgolewski, polski fizyk, astronom
 Bolesław Kostkiewicz, polski wojskowy
 Norio Ōga, japoński śpiewak operowy, przedsiębiorca, dyrektor generalny Sony Corporation
 22 kwietnia
 Wiel Coerver, holenderski piłkarz, trener piłkarski
 Siarhiej Łahun, białoruski sztangista
 Eugeniusz Miniszewski, polski polityk i nauczyciel, poseł na Sejm PRL II kadencji
 21 kwietnia
 Harold Garfinkel, amerykański socjolog
 Catharina Halkes, holenderska teolożka feministyczna
 Zbigniew Pakalski, polski inżynier budownictwa, publicysta
 Stanisław Szczuka, polski adwokat, obrońca w procesach politycznych okresu PRL-u
 Alina Witkowska, polska historyk literatury, znawczyni romantyzmu
 Jacek Wróbel, polski malarz
 20 kwietnia
 Tim Hetherington, brytyjski fotoreporter
 Chris Hondros, amerykański fotoreporter
 Ewa Lubowiecka, polska aktorka i dziennikarka
 Halina Skibniewska, polski architekt, poseł na sejm PRL-u, wicemarszałek sejmu
 Gerard Smith, amerykański muzyk, basista grupy TV on the Radio
 19 kwietnia
 Elisabeth Sladen, brytyjska aktorka
 Grete Waitz, norweska lekkoatletka, specjalizująca się w biegach długodystansowych
 Pietro Ferrero, włoski przemysłowiec, mistrz cukierniczy
 18 kwietnia
 Olubayo Adefemi, nigeryjski piłkarz
 Wojciech Kiedrowski, polski działacz środowisk kaszubskich, wydawca, redaktor naczelny miesięcznika Pomerania
 Witold Kołodziej, polski matematyk, autor podręczników akademickich
 Andrzej Piszczatowski, polski aktor i reżyser
 Giovanni Saldarini, włoski duchowny katolicki, arcybiskup Turynu, kardynał
 William Donald Schaefer, amerykański polityk
 17 kwietnia
 Stanisław Miklaszewski, polski ekonomista
 Michael Sarrazin, kanadyjski aktor
 16 kwietnia
 Sidney Colônia Cunha, brazylijski piłkarz
 Tadeusz Pawlusiak, polski skoczek narciarski, olimpijczyk (1972, 1976)
 Harold Volkmer, amerykański polityk, członek Izby Reprezentantów (1977-1997)
 Henryk Zomerski, polski gitarzysta basowy
 15 kwietnia
 Bronisław Siadek, polski dziennikarz, podróżnik, żeglarz, klimatolog
 14 kwietnia
 Trevor Bannister, brytyjski aktor
 Walter Breuning, amerykański rekordzista długowieczności, najstarszy mężczyzna na świecie
 Jan Górny, polski duchowny rzymskokatolicki, publicysta
 William Lipscomb, amerykański chemik, laureat Nagrody Nobla
 Zdzisław Franciszek Piłatowicz, polski działacz kombatancki, prezes Klubu Kawalerów Orderu Wojennego Virtuti Militari
 Henryk Smolak, polski dziennikarz i publicysta
 13 kwietnia
 Danny Fiszman, brytyjski przedsiębiorca, działacz sportowy, dyrektor Arsenalu Londyn
 Paulina Łozicka, polska działaczka kombatancka, szefowa bydgoskiego Stowarzyszenia Rodzina Wojskowa
 Mieczysław Michalski, polski przewodnik turystyczny, zasłużony działacz i członek honorowy PTTK
 Danuta Piecyk, polska lekkoatletka, płotkarka, olimpijka
 Henryk Skrobisz, polski ekonomista, poseł na sejm PRL-u, ambasador RP w Argentynie i Urugwaju
 Maria Skubiszewska, polski historyk sztuki, muzealink
 12 kwietnia
 Małgorzata Gebert, polska działaczka społeczna, organizatorka akcji humanitarnych
 Sidney Harman, amerykański biznesmen, właściciel tygodnika "Newsweek"
 Miroslav Tichý, czeski malarz, fotograf
 Helena Warszawska, polska pielęgniarka, legenda Zakopanego
 11 kwietnia
 Lewis Binford, amerykański archeolog
 Angela Scoular, brytyjska aktorka
 10 kwietnia
 Eugeniusz Get-Stankiewicz, polski rzeźbiarz i grafik
 Sylwester Olszewski, polski kierowca rajdowy
 9 kwietnia
 Jerzy Bursa, polski specjalista w zakresie przetwórstwa tworzyw sztucznych
 Pierre Celis, belgijski piwowar
 Sidney Lumet, amerykański reżyser filmowy
 Zygmunt Urbanowicz, polski lekarz, specjalista w dziedzinie neuroanatomii
 8 kwietnia
 Daniel Catán, meksykański kompozytor operowy i librecista
 Łukasz Horowski, polski przedsiębiorca, działacz społeczny, honorowy konsul Ukrainy w Poznaniu
 Czesław Rymarz, polski matematyk, fizyk, mechanik, meteorolog, cybernetyk, informatyk, filozof
 Mulana Showkat Ahmad Shah, kaszmirski duchowny, kierownik gminy wyznaniowej Jamiat-e-Ahle Hadith
 7 kwietnia
 Marian Dusza, polski obserwator i sędzia piłkarski klasy międzynarodowej
 6 kwietnia
 Jerzy Kamrowski, polski malarz, historyk, krytyk i konserwator sztuki, muzealnik
 5 kwietnia
 Baruch Samuel Blumberg, amerykański lekarz, laureat Nagrody Nobla
 Władysław Dwojak, polski działacz kombatancki
 Ange-Félix Patassé, środkowoafrykański polityk, prezydent Republiki Środkowoafrykańskiej
 Gil Robbins, amerykański piosenkarz folkowy, ojciec aktora Tima Robbinsa
 4 kwietnia
 Scott Columbus, amerykański perkusista zespołu Manowar
 Juliano Mer-Khamis, izraelski aktor, reżyser, pokojowy aktywista propalestyński
 Bronisław Kazimierz Przybylski, polski kompozytor
 Wayne Robson, kanadyjski aktor
 Juan Tuñas, kubański piłkarz
 Sławomir Wyczański, polski cukiernik, autor podręczników specjalistycznych związanych z cukiernictwem
 3 kwietnia
 Ulli Beier, niemiecki pisarz
 Andrzej Butruk, polski aktor, piosenkarz, członek formacji T-raperzy znad Wisły
 Jadwiga Jaroszyńska-Balcerzak, polska aktorka
 Kevin Jarre, amerykański scenarzysta i producent filmowy
 Marian Pankowski, polski poeta, prozaik, dramaturg, krytyk literacki i tłumacz
 Calvin Russell, amerykański piosenkarz i gitarzysta
 Piotr Sembrat, polski architekt
 Gustavo Sondermann, brazylijski kierowca wyścigowy
 1 kwietnia
 Jan Czarnecki, polski działacz kombatancki, żołnierz AK i KWP, komendant batalionu "Źródło"
 Jerzy Griaznow, rosyjski biskup prawosławny, wikariusz eparchii kałuskiej i borowskiej
 Hubert Kwieciński, polski neurolog
 Konrad Malicki, polski wirusolog
 António Duarte Silva, portugalski polityk i inżynier, minister rolnictwa (1994–1995) i spraw morskich (1995)
 Varkey Vithayathil, indyjski duchowny katolicki rytu syro-malabarskiego, kardynał

Przypisy

2011.04