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You will find oodles of great writing advice in these articles by members of the Gotham faculty.
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Creative Nonfiction 101
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by David Ebenbach
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by Lev AC Rosen
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by Shari Goldhagen
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by Thaïs Miller
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by Susan Breen
Showing 1-8 of 39 items.
The Opening Paragraph
Some years back, when I was young and unpublished, I sent a short story to a respected literary magazine. Months later, having heard nothing and absolutely confident that my story had been rejected, I was amazed to get a phone call from the editor himself. He explained that my story had landed on the slush pile and that an editorial assistant had read it and thrown it in the trash. However, this editor just happened to be walking by the garbage pail, noticed the opening paragraph, loved it, pulled the story out of the trash and now he wanted to publish it.
You could argue that my career was launched by an opening paragraph. (You might also argue that after starting off in the garbage, I had nowhere to go but up.)
Of course, knowing you need a great opening paragraph and writing one are two very different animals, which was something I realized when I began to work on my novel, Pitch. It's hard enough to write with a blank screen glaring at you, but it's impossible if you think that the only words you can write are perfect ones. Every time I started to write an opening paragraph, I deleted it. All I could see was that wretched accumulation of words lying forlorn on top of a pile of garbage. And then, one day, this paragraph popped into my head:
I'd heard the rumors about Kosloff, but they didn't frighten me. Not back then. I assumed they were a publicity stunt; a gimmick that Kosloff was using to set himself apart from the rest of us.
Now I knew this wasn't my perfect paragraph. I wanted something prettier and more unique. But, it did intrigue me. I was at the stage where I was still trying to figure out what my novel was about, and all I knew for sure was that the protagonist was a pianist named Nina and that an important part of her story would be the love she had felt for Leo Kosloff. This opening paragraph gave me the energy to start writing because I was curious to answer the questions it raised. What were these rumors about Kosloff? Why did he frighten Nina?
I spent a full year exploring those questions, and, before I knew it, I was 200 pages into the novel. What I realized then was that an opening paragraph is not just for readers, but for the writer as well and that it is so much easier to write, if you give yourself something to write about. (If you doubt this, try writing a story that starts, "I woke up at 8:00." Now try one that starts, "There was something rustling in the cupboard." Which is easier to do?)
Once I had 200 pages written, I was feeling a lot more confident about my novel. I knew the characters and the plot and how it would end, and once I knew all that, I had a much better idea of how it should begin. That was when I realized my opening paragraph was all wrong. Originally I had seen Pitch as a thriller and had imagined that Kosloff's ghost would haunt Nina. But, now I realized that Nina was being haunted by something far more damaging—her doubts about whether she had done the right thing in leaving Kosloff. The novel was much more about Nina's personal journey than anything supernatural, and that meant someone reading my opening paragraph would be misled into expecting a story very different than the one I was writing. So I came up with this paragraph:
We were music students at conservatory, a congestion of the talented fighting over a narrow passage to fame, and we were all searching for that most perfect bite of drama that would catapult us front and center onto stage at Carnegie Hall. That was why one of the pianists in my class played only female composers and another specialized in works for the left hand; one presented little lectures before he played and another ignored the audience entirely, keeping his eyes directed solely on the ceiling (and therefore, God) as he walked onto stage, a dangerous move, but effective. Who could help but watch and wonder if he would trip?
The tone of the opening paragraph now matched the humorous tone of the novel. But now I had another problem, which was that this paragraph was starting the novel in the wrong place; specifically eighteen years too early. Nina's history as a pianist was a key component of the story, but, by beginning so far in her past, I was forcing myself into relating a lot of back story, and that was going to cut into the tension. It would take the reader fifty pages before she got to the actual point of the story. I needed an opening that would be more dramatic and immediate and so I jumped to:
I am sitting at my breakfast nook, looking out the window, staring at a cherry blossom tree that is shuddering under the blows of a late October wind and my husband of eighteen years says, "Penny for your thoughts." And I, naturally, think it would not be appropriate to say that I am thinking of the first man I ever loved, perhaps the only man I ever loved, and so I say instead that I've never liked cherry blossoms.
This was progress. I had the tone right and I was starting in the right place and I thought I'd done it. And then my agent pointed out that there were two problems. The first one was that I had inadvertently removed tension from the story because once I'd established that Nina was that unhappy with her husband, there was no doubt that she was going to leave him. So why read further? I needed to have an opening that would tease the reader into the story, but not answer her questions all at once. The second problem was that Nina sounded too whiny, and who wants to spend a whole novel with a complainer?
I was beginning to feel that it might be simpler to write the novel without an opening paragraph. Perhaps I could just start at the bottom of page two and hope no one noticed. And then, one last time, a paragraph popped into my head.
When Kosloff said he wanted to change my name, I thought he was proposing marriage. I didn't understand it was my first name he was talking about; that he wanted to call me Tatyana, wanted me to be his muse, to soothe him and satisfy him and listen to him and have sex with him on the dressing room floor before his concerts so that his life force would be at its peak when he went out on stage. In fact, it turned out Kosloff wanted to do just about everything except marry me.
I circled this one warily. The tone seemed right—funny, but edgy too. It was setting up the core conflict of the novel, which was Nina's ambivalence about Kosloff, but it was not suggesting which way she was going to go. It was starting in the right place because it was easy for me to jump from this into the main part of the story. I didn't think she sounded whiny and, best of all, it contained within it the seeds of the climax. (That scene takes place on the dressing room floor. Enough said.) Also, I just liked the way it sounded.
Pitch is done now and is in the hands of my agent and so, once again, I'm trying to come up with an opening paragraph, this time for a new novel. So far, this is what I have:
My mother's boyfriend's wife is sitting on the front steps, waiting to talk to me.
I'm sure this will change over the next few months, but for now it's got me excited. It's got me writing.
This article originally appeared in The Writer.
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InfluenceWatch Podcast #201: Education Distrust
Families USA Shows the Sharp Divide Between Health Care Consumers and Customers
The New Resistance: Setting Dangerous Criminals Free
New Academic Study Grapples with George Soros's International Political Spending
by Sean Higgins
PDF form here: OT0212
Philanthropy in support of breast cancer awareness and treatment has gone mainstream and big-time. But what does it accomplish? The "Race for the Cure" activities sponsored by the charity that honors Susan G. Komen raise some disquieting questions about philanthropy that relies on cause-related marketing.
When feminist writer Barbara Ehrenreich was told she had breast cancer she knew she faced a long ordeal. What she didn't realize was that the ordeal included dealing with breast cancer charity. Ehrenreich discovered that breast cancer charity was a culture unto itself, one that didn't take kindly to skeptical inquiry.
"The first thing I discovered as I waded out into the relevant (web) sites is that not everyone views the disease with horror and dread," she noted in her book Bright-Sided: How Positive Thinking Is Undermining America (2009). Instead Ehrenreich encountered a culture of uplift and inspiration that honored sisterhood and empowerment. Celebrating women with breast cancer at public events and through the sale of pink-themed products seemed the be-all and end-all of breast cancer charities. No one with the disease was a victim. Everyone was a fighter. And all their stories were meant to inspire, even if some of those fighters lost their battles.
"No one among the bloggers and book writers seemed to share my sense of outrage over the disease and the available treatments," she noted. "What causes it and why is it so common, especially in industrialized societies?" Ehrenreich discovered that voices like hers are rare, and when they are raised they are scolded and told to be quiet. Instead, a burgeoning "pink culture" is encouraging women to treat breast cancer as a rite of passage. Breast cancer is regarded almost like menopause or hair turning gray – something that just inevitably happens in one's life.
Some breast cancer survivors even see it as a gift or a wake-up call. It's an opportunity to reorder one's priorities and focus on what's really important. Cancer becomes a way of becoming a better person. Says Ehrenreich: "Everything in mainstream breast cancer culture serves, no doubt inadvertently, to tame and normalize the disease: the diagnosis might be disastrous, but there are those cunning pink rhinestone angel pins to buy and races to train for."
Breast cancer generates charitable activities that appear free from controversy because the disease affects people from all walks of life, cutting across racial, economic and geographic boundaries. Genders too. Although less likely to strike men, they can get it as well.
Breast cancer is not tied to an unhealthy practice or reckless lifestyle. Consequently, support for breast cancer awareness, its treatment and cure is neither ideological nor partisan. Unlike, say, AIDS activism, which is linked to homosexuality and gay rights, taking action against breast cancer does not imply support for any cause other than itself.
Fighting breast cancer is an easy cause to win support for. According to Ehrenreich, "It's the biggest disease on the cultural map, bigger than AIDS, cystic fibrosis, or spinal injury, bigger even than those more prolific killers of women – heart disease, lung cancer and stroke."
Leading the "Fight" Against Breast Cancer
How did the disease get so big? For that we need to look to Susan G. Komen for the Cure, a public charity that's made itself the leader in the "fight" against breast cancer.
Known until 2007 as the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, the nonprofit is one of the largest and most successful charities in the U.S., a fundraising juggernaut that has skillfully tapped the public's earnest desire to eradicate breast cancer. Since its establishment more than a quarter-century ago, it has raised nearly $1.5 billion. Its signature event is the annual "Race for the Cure," a series of five kilometer runs and fitness walks held in over 150 cities across America and overseas. Susan G. Komen events attract major corporate sponsors, 100,000 volunteers, and more than 1.5 million participants every year.
What the event hasn't accomplished is success in beating cancer. Overall, breast cancer rates for women have actually increased over the last three decades. The number of women diagnosed with it is up, survival rates have barely budged, and, like all other cancers, no cure is on the horizon. The foundation, whose publicity machine regularly touts progress against breast cancer, downplays these facts.
Breast cancer's grim details are prompting many critics to train a harsher eye on the goals and tactics of Susan G. Komen. Their objections to the group's activities fall into three categories.
Many medical researchers contend that the group may actually harm women by misleading them about certain medical issues, particularly the foundation's insistence on early and regular screening for breast cancer. Research studies by the Institute of Medicine have concluded that this approach has caused many women to receive false-positive diagnoses, leading them into harmful and unnecessary therapies. Early and routine mammography can also be dangerous and increase the chance of getting breast cancer. Even the accurate detection of some breast cancers may lead to over-treatment and unnecessary surgery.
The operations and management of Susan G. Komen have also come in for criticism. It's alleged that Komen has been co-opted by the corporations that partner with it (a process dubbed "pinkwashing" by critics) and that the success of its promotional activities has made it too litigious in protecting its trademarks. The group's habit of giving awards and grants to Planned Parenthood, the nation's largest abortion provider, has also been attacked.
Finally, Susan G. Komen for the Cure is faulted for creating what some call "pink culture." This is the atmosphere of relentless can-do positivity that permeates public discussions of breast cancer. Critics say the charity's cheerful and upbeat cause-related marketing is frivolous and sentimental, giving women false hope and discouraging skepticism and the kind of hard thinking needed to confront a deadly disease.
Origins and Finances
Susan G. Komen for the Cure is a 501c3 nonprofit headquartered in Dallas, Texas whose revenue in 2009 (data for the most recent year available from its IRS tax forms) was $171 million. The charity is named after the older sister of Nancy Brinker, who created the organization in 1982 and who serves as its chief executive officer today. Komen died of breast cancer in 1980 at age 36.
The organization that Komen's death inspired is funded primarily by $135 million in grants and contributions. Its annual breast cancer runs and other activities generate an additional $33 million and $3 million comes from investment income.
Unlike some notorious "anti-cancer" charities that pour most of their contributions into more fundraising, Komen appears to appropriately use its revenue for research and public education. About half its revenue, nearly $79 million, funds grants for clinical research into breast cancer. Another $55 million funds public health education, primarily to urge women to get breast cancer screenings. A little less than $4 million funds grants for screening programs.
The remainder goes into overhead: $3.8 million for executive compensation, $14.5 million for staff salaries, $2.3 million for employee benefits, $2.5 million for travel, and $2.4 million for conventions and conferences.
Komen has spent between $400,000 and $800,000 annually to lobby Congress and federal agencies to support the breast cancer cause. In March 2008, Brinker testified before the House Appropriations Committee, calling for lawmakers to increase the budget for the National Institutes of Health to $30.8 billion, a 6.5% hike from the prior year. Brinker also urged appropriators to raise the National Cancer Institute's budget by 9.5% to $5.3 billion, and to increase the budget for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's breast cancer program by $250 million (a 25% increase). She made no request for her own nonprofit, but repeatedly said it "couldn't do it alone" and needed funding for other organizations. Pitches like Brinker's are effective. Since President Nixon declared a "war on cancer" in 1971 Congress has steered billions of dollars for cancer research into federal health agencies. Komen's board members and top staffers regularly address boards, commissions and federal agencies on the need for taxpayer support of breast cancer research.
Komen's previous CEO, Hala Moddelmog, a breast cancer survivor, received $456,437 in annual compensation, according to IRS filings. (She has since become CEO of the Arby's fast food chain.) Nancy Brinker, Komen's founder and current CEO, receives no compensation despite her 55-hour work week.
"Pink" Culture
Komen is careful to appear nonpartisan and nonpolitical, which helps it court political support beyond feminist networks of women's groups. Its annual runs have won support from the Clinton and Bush administrations. George W. Bush even appointed Brinker ambassador to Hungary (2001-2003).
There's no denying that Komen's annual Race for the Cure event has wide public support. Consider this description of the 1999 race in Washington, D.C.
While the race itself took runners through the streets of the capital, the rally site was located on the grounds of the Washington monument … Immediately alongside the monument stood a 150-foot tall bright pink, looped ribbon, the now ubiquitous representation of breast cancer charity and awareness in the United States … At 8:30 a.m., buoyed by this intensely joyful atmosphere, the race began. Led by Al and Tipper Gore (the honorary race chairs) and numerous members of Congress, 65,000 runners, walkers and wheelchair racers lined up on Constitution Avenue and moved slowly forward as they waited for their turn to cross the starting line … As participants finished the race by (they crossed) under yet another giant metal archway festooned with pink balloons. (Samantha King, Pink Ribbon, Inc: Breast Cancer and the Politics of Philanthropy, 2006).
Komen supporters say the charity's goal is to change the way people think about breast cancer. Brinker has said the topic was taboo well into the 1980s. Many women found it difficult to discuss a disease whose principal treatment was a double mastectomy, the surgical removal of both breasts. Male CEOs shunned corporate involvement in charities focused on something so radically invasive of a woman's body.
The organization set out to destigmatize the disease. In addition to the annual race, it launched advertising campaigns, sales of Komen-branded, pink-themed clothes, jewelry, cosmetics and teddy bears aimed at increasing public awareness of breast cancer.
Most importantly, it urged women to inform themselves about breast cancer and to get mammograms. "Getting regular screening tests is the best way for women to lower their risk of dying from breast cancer. Screening tests can find breast cancer early, when it's most treatable," Komen says on its website. Its mantra is "early detection saves lives."
"The foundation's advocacy arm, the Advocacy Alliance, focuses primarily on advancing policies that almost always relate to screening and increased public and federal investment in breast cancer," writes Gayle Sulik, author of Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women's Health (2010).
Komen's messaging is so pervasive that it has crowded out other voices. The National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations—at its peak it was a coalition of 370 organizations—closed its doors in 2004, citing falling foundation grants. Other nonprofits sponsor activities—they range from the Avon Walk for Breast Cancer (which raised $55 million for the Avon Products Foundation) and the bicycling Ride to Empower (which supports the Breast Cancer Network of Strength—2009 revenues: $7.7 million) to the National Marathon to Finish Breast Cancer (2010 revenue: $2.1 million)—but Susan G. Komen for the Cure tends to sweep up most of the charitable contributions and corporate sponsorships.
Komen's advocacy for early and regular screening has high profile support. President Clinton declared the third Friday of October "National Mammography Day" in 1993 and encouraged companies and clinics to give tests free of charge. (October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month.)
Does It Matter? Does It Help?
But does it help? Critics say not much.
There has been progress, but it's been halting. Between 1973 and 1998, there was a 40% increase in the number of women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer, a rise largely attributed to an increase in screening. This should have resulted in a decrease in women diagnosed with later-stage cancer, but it has not. Overall, since 1990 the death rates for women diagnosed with breast cancer have declined, albeit slowly – just 3.3% per year for women under 50 and 2% per year for women over 50.
Under current trends 1 in 8 women will get invasive breast cancer. The odds of getting invasive cancer were actually lower in 1975, about 1 in 11. The chance of a woman dying from breast cancer is 1 in 35, according to the American Cancer Society.
According to the National Cancer Institute, in 1975 there were 105 diagnoses of breast cancer per 100,000 women. The mortality rate was 31 per 100,000 women. By 2007, the rate was 125 diagnoses per 100,000 women with 23 deaths per 100,000.
That sounds like progress. More cancers are being detected early, leading to fewer deaths – even if there are more cancers occurring. But the apparent decline has been boosted by the fact that many of the diagnoses now made involve the earliest stage of the cancer, called "Stage 0," which has about a 95% survival rate even if the patient does not seek treatment. Indeed there is a debate in the medical community whether what is found in these diagnoses qualifies as cancer or merely evidence of higher risk for the disease later.
Surprising as it may be to learn, the presence of cancerous cells in a woman's breasts is not automatically a death sentence. Many will never get sick. The Los Angeles Times reported in 2009 that: "Autopsy studies have found undetected breast cancer in about 37% of women who died of some other cause. And a study of 42,238 Norwegian women published in November calculated that 22% of symptom-free cancers found on a screening mammogram naturally regressed on their own."
The problem with mammograms is that they are far from precise. The Institute of Medicine, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, has found that of all mammograms that indicate breast cancer, 75% are actually false-positives. The chance of getting a false-positive during a regular screening is about 10%.
When a mammogram indicates the presence of cancerous cells, a biopsy usually follows to confirm the initial diagnosis. Several may be required and they can range in cost from $1,000 to $5,000 each. In others words, a substantial amount of money is spent just to determine that the mammogram was wrong, driving up health care costs.
Even when it accurately detects cancer, poorly informed patients may assume the worst regarding their diagnosis. Nearly a quarter of all diagnoses are Stage 0 cancers. Just 20 years ago these cancers represented just 1-2% of all cancer diagnoses.
Nevertheless, the increase in diagnosis of the breast cancer, even early-stage ones, has resulted in 30% more surgery and 20% more mastectomies. A quarter of the mastectomies involve women with Stage 0 cancers, suggesting they may not have accurately been informed about the low risks they face.
A 2009 Swedish study found that for every 2,000 who get mammograms over a ten year period, one will avoid breast cancer but another 10 will get treatments for non-invasive, non-threatening cancers. Mammograms can err in the other direction too. They miss actual cancerous growths 25-40% of the time giving women a false sense of security regarding their health.
It is even possible that breast cancer screening itself can increase the risk of getting cancer. Mammography machines are basically x-ray machines and x-rays are a form of radiation. That's why your dentist puts that heavy lead apron over your body and steps out of the room when your teeth are x-rayed.
According to the Food and Drug Administration, a single mammogram exposes a woman to three month's worth of natural background radiation. If a woman gets one annually, in just a decade she'll have exposed herself to 2 ½ years more radiation than she would have otherwise. Studies have shown that x-rays can promote the growth of cancer cells in women with a genetic predisposition to the disease – one of the very groups urged to get regular screening.
"For too long, we've taken a brain-dead approach that says the best test is the one that finds the most cancers — but that's wrong," Dr. H. Gilbert Welch of the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice told the Los Angeles Times in 2009. "The best test is the one that finds the right cancers and nothing else."
Even the world's leading authority on breast cancer has questioned screening's efficacy.
"Screening is really good at finding the slow, ploddy, probably-not-going-to-kill-you cancers, but it's not so good at finding the fast, aggressive ones," Dr. Susan Love told the L.A. Times.
In cases where mammographies detect fast-growing cancers, the growth is often too far along by the time it is detected for there to be effective treatment.
Komen has rejected calls to rethink its focus on testing. "I don't think you can say that we're overtreating those women. We know that some of these cancers become invasive," Elizabeth Thompson, Komen's vice president of health sciences, told the L.A. Times. "We need to keep hammering away at our basic message, which is, early detection saves lives."
The Problem of Corporate Philanthropy
Some critics accuse the pharmaceutical industry of having a financial interest in promoting early screening. They point, for instance, to Bristol-Myers Squibb, which in 2007 had worldwide sales of $5.1 billion, of which $1.5 billion was in oncology-related drugs. The company has been a sponsor of Komen's annual races, its signature fundraising event.
Pink Ribbon Inc. author Samantha King notes: "The Komen Foundation's focus on early detection and cure-oriented science has helped it to win generous sponsorship from pharmaceutical companies, such as Zeneca and Bristol Myers Squibb, and mammography equipment and film manufacturers Du Pont and Kodak." She sees a symbiotic relationship developing between the advocacy of the charity and the interests of the company.
Komen cultivates "partnerships" with corporations and other organizations eager to be associated with a popular charity. Its website lists more than 200 partners. They include everything from American Airlines, Bank of America, and Ford Motor Company to Omaha Steaks, the Dallas Cowboys and the Charlotte Motor Speedway.
Komen does not shrink from selling its endorsement either. Its website explains how to become a corporate sponsor and describes the benefits of association with the Susan G. Komen brand name:
In today's economy, Americans believe it's more important than ever for companies to be socially responsible. In fact, 83% of Americans wish more of the products, services and retailers they use would support causes.
We always welcome the opportunity to develop new corporate partnerships. Our cause marketing team looks for companies with a solid history and strong brand image who would like to make a contribution that is significant and clearly defined to the consumer. Furthermore, our goal is to offer a wide variety of opportunities for people to get involved.
The website includes links to Duke University survey research to back up its claims.
It's not clear whether soliciting this kind of corporate philanthropy benefits either the company or those who suffer from breast cancer. For example, Yoplait yogurt (a French product franchised in the U.S. by General Mills) says that since 1998 it has raised more than $13 million for Komen with its "Save Lids To Save Lives" campaign. It invites yogurt consumers to mail the container's foil lid back to the company, which donates 10 cents to Komen for every lid it receives. Since a postage stamp is now 45 cents, it's likely donors would be better off making a direct contribution to the charity. But that wouldn't give Yoplait or Komen any cross-marketing opportunities.
In 2010 Komen partnered with KFC (formerly Kentucky Fried Chicken), which sold pink buckets of chicken adorned with the names of breast cancer victims, both living and dead. The company promised to donate 50 cents to Komen for every bucket sold, a philanthropic gesture that prompted criticism from other breast cancer activists who believe environmental carcinogens are a possible cause of breast cancer. They decried linking a women's health cause to high-calorie, high-fat fast food.
Komen's advocacy and fundraising tends to focus on finding new therapies and cures. Less often does it ask, Why do women get breast cancer? Researchers have determined that some of the cause is genetic and there are known risk factors, such as delaying childbirth. However, only 30% of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer have a known risk factor. In most cases no one knows the answer.
Since 2003, Komen has given affiliates of Planned Parenthood –the sacred cow of the activist Left— some $4 million for clinic screening programs. When anti-abortion activists point to studies suggesting that abortion is a risk factor for breast cancer, Komen has responded by calling the claims "questionable," adding that "Scientific evidence … does not support the conclusion that induced abortion or miscarriage raises the risk of breast cancer." What the statement ignores is that the evidence has not ruled out a connection either.
Marketing and Media: the Future of Philanthropy?
Komen's relentless focus on fundraising and media campaigns has made it unusually brand-conscious. The nonprofit zealously guards its trademarks and slogans, often to the point of attacking other anti-cancer nonprofits.
For instance, in 2009 Mary Anne Tighe, president of the group Uniting Against Lung Cancer, figured it would be a fine idea to organize a fundraising "Kites for the Cure" event. She figured wrong. Tighe received a sternly worded letter from Komen warning her to change the event's name or face legal action. The phrase "for the cure" was trademarked, and Komen was not about to let anyone else use it. She was further warned that she could not use the color pink in conjunction with her event.
"Komen thinks they own pink," Tighe told the Wall Street Journal, adding, "We cannot allow ourselves to be bullied for no purpose." But Tighe was forced to relent when the charity followed through on its threat. She could take solace in knowing that fundraisers trying to promote "Kayak for the Cure," "Juggling for the Cure," and "Bark for the Cure" have received similar threatening letters.
"We see it as responsible stewardship of our donor's funds," Jonathan Blum, Komen's general counsel, told the Journal. Komen claims it has lost funds because donors can become confused and cut checks to other groups thinking they are supporting breast cancer research.
Komen's fundraising practices are becoming the "new normal" of philanthropy. More and more nonprofits accept the necessity of marketing and advertising, spending money to make money. But this makes many donors uneasy; they are reluctant to contribute to charities with high overhead and extravagant fundraising bashes. Their traditional idea of charity conflicts with a new reality in which accomplishing your mission requires fast-paced self-promotion. The folks at Komen are likely to respond: What's wrong with using the competitive forces that work in the for-profit sector?
Sean Higgins is a Washington, D.C.-based reporter.
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The government of Korea is finalizing the first crypto and blockchain legislation to recognize the cryptocurrency and blockchain sector as legitimate industries. When there was a security breach in Bithumb and Coinrail, the government acknowledged the necessity of strict regulatory frameworks to oversee the local cryptocurrency market. The digital asset exchanges will be considered as regulated financial institutions and will be under the control of the FSC. The vast majority of analysts are predicting the price of major digital assets to surge drastically by the year's end and sustain strong momentum over the next 12 months.
This is the quickest and safest way to learn smart contract programming. From someone that does this as a living !!
Αγόρασα μια συσκευή στέρεο HIFI , MHF 300, πριν ένα μήνα Turbo X με υποδοχή USB για mp3 τραγούδια. Με το που βάζω το USB διαλύεται η υποδοχή. Το επιστρέφω και με ενημερώνουν σήμερα ότι έχει σπάσει η κάρτα λόγο υπερβολικής πίεσης – δεν ισχύει η εγγύηση, και κοστίζει 40 ευρώ να φτιαχτεί. Να σκεφτείτε ότι αγόρασα το προϊόν 50 ευρώ και μου ζητάνε 40 ευρώ για σέρβις. Έχω βάλει βγάλει άπειρα USB και ποτέ δεν έχω σπάσει υποδοχή.
Επίσης προχτές αγόρασα τηλέφωνο Turbo X, το PL1102, και όταν πήγα να βάλω τις μπαταρίες στη πίσω υποδοχή, λείπανε, αν έχετε το Θεό σας, οι κονέκτορες. Το πήγα πίσω και τσεκάραμε και τα άλλα τέτοια τηλέφωνα και σε όλα λείπανε οι κονέκτορες.
Στην χώρα μας η λέξη "Μαύρη Παρασκευή" πράγματι έχει νόημα.
Αλλά στην τελική ανάλυση είμαι χαρούμενος διότι έμαθα το μάθημα μου.
The German parliament has withstood a barrage of pressure from the Turkish government, approving a symbolic resolution that declares the 1915 massacre of Armenians by Ottoman Turkish forces a 'genocide'.
The vote was almost unanimous in supporting the resolution with just one MP voting against and another abstaining. The move was largely expected and was supported by German Chancellor Angela Merkel. However, the German leader was forced to skip the vote due to prior commitments.
Gregor Gysi, a Left Party politician critical of Turkey's treatment of the Kurds, who are doing an excellent job in fighting Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL), said that "Germany was a historical accessory" and has a duty to recognize the mass killings of Armenians in the First World War.
The news was greeted with delight by dozens of Armenian supporters who had gathered outside the parliament building, and were carrying banners commemorating the genocide.
According to the Christian Democratic Union's Albert Weiler, Germany had a "historical duty" to recognize the mass killings of Armenians.
"Without this admission there cannot be forgiveness and reconciliation. Suffering does not know temporary boundaries. Genocide will never remain in the past. By recognizing the genocide, it will force the Turkish government to take a brave step and look into its own history," he said.
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pay for it. again, it's all on the table. reporter: you talked about china a moment ago. one of the other concerns, most people's concerns about china in the supposed cyber attacks in china, what do you make of that? nistration'seang with e china on z.t.e., do you connect those issues, these are some of the broad array problems with china?mspelosi: i ththere a broad array of concerns we have about china. as you probably know for -- well, at least since tiananmen square but probably before, i had concerns about china in three areas. the -- certainly the -- our trade def with ina which is enormous. the ck of market access to our products in china. the sale of missile technology to pakistan and other places on the part of china as well as their human rights violations. at the time, china -- we had $5 billion trade deficit with china, annual, $5 billion trade deficit. i thought oh, my goodness, we can use that leverage to free the prisoners of mentianan square, to gain market access and to stop the prolion ofieshere whe s't b they shouldn't be going. i could win the votes on the floor.


text:
The Global Brief with Bianca Nobilo
Remaining Haiti Hostages Freed; UK Reports Record COVID Cases; Chile's Upcoming Election. Aired 5-5:30p ET
LYNDA KINKADE, CNN HOST: Hello and welcome to THE GLOBAL BRIEF. I'm Lynda Kinkade, in for Bianca Nobilo.
In today's daily briefing:
The remaining Haiti hostages are released. A correspondent is live in Port- au-Prince on having the bigger picture surrounding gang violence in the country.
Then, U.K. COVID infections break an all-time record for a second day in a row. Is it time to call off Christmas?
And a polarizing presidential election as Chile prepares to head for the polls. We're going to take a deep dive into the top two candidates vying
for the top job.
Well, a harrowing two-month ordeal finally coming to an end. Twelve hostages were kidnapped by armed gang members in Haiti and now being
released. The country's justice minister says all 17 missionaries kidnapped in October are now free. Sixteen Americans and one Canadian representing
Christian aid ministries were visiting an orphanage just outside Port-au- Prince when they were taken hostage.
A few of the missionaries were released earlier by the gang who initially demanded $1 million ransom per hostage.
We're joined now by Matt Rivers who is live for us in Port-au-Prince.
Matt, huge relief that the final 12 hostages were released. All 17 are now safe.
MATT RIVERS, CNN CORRESPONDENT: That's right, Lynda. And this is news that we have been expecting for a few weeks now, with sources in Haiti telling
us that the release of these hostages was imminent.
However, it did come as a surprise this morning when we got word that the remaining 12 hostages had been released. A source in Haiti security forces
telling us that the remaining dozen hostages were dropped off in a town outside Port-au-Prince, that they were walking the area, it was locals that
lived in the area that brought them to a police station, which is how authorities were alerted that this release happened. And that marked the
end of a two month ordeal, not only for hostages but for their families.
RIVERS (voice-over): A moment two months in the making with news that all 17 missionaries, including 16 Americans and one Canadian, kidnapped by
armed gang members in Haiti, are now free.
It started back on October 16th as the group was returning to their home base from visiting an orphanage east of Port-au-Prince. Among the
missionaries representing Christian aide ministries, five children, including an infant, a three-year-old, a six-year-old, and two teenagers.
The bus they were in got stopped by armed men as they drove through the suburb of Croix des Bouquets.
Several miles down the road is where our source in Haitian security forces says the kidnapping was carried out. In a more normal situation, we would
drive several miles down the road and go see exactly where this took place. But following the advice of both our Haitian producer and our security
team, we're not going to go any further than this because they say it's not safe. Down that road is a suburb of Croix des Bouquets, which is
essentially completely controlled by the 400 Mawozo Gang, the gang that authorities say carried out this kidnapping.
As the group was being kidnapped, this WhatsApp message obtained by CNN was reportedly sent by one of the missionaries. Please pray for us, we are
being harassed/kidnapped currently. They have control of our vehicle with 15 Americans, ladies, men, and children.
A few days later, the gang that took them seen in an older video said they would kill the missionaries if they didn't get paid ransom. As Christian
aid ministries quietly opened negotiations with the gang, we got insight into what conditions might be like for those kidnapped. We spoke to a
French priest who've been kidnapped by the same gang in Haiti earlier this year who told us about one of the places the gang held him.
He says it was like a dark hole, like a prison cell, the last place we were in with no windows. At the beginning, they were giving us food once a day.
By the end, they stopped feeding us, they forced us to go hungry, believing it was a negotiation tactic.
But the first sign of hope, two missionaries, both adults, freed by the gang on November 21st. Then came three more, freed exactly two weeks later.
And the remaining 12 would soon follow.
Meanwhile, Haiti's kidnapping crisis goes on unabated. An overmatched federal government is unable to quell the gangs behind the crimes. With
total kidnappings this year nearing a thousand, according to a Port-au- Prince NGO tracking that data, nearly 100 in November alone. The vast majority of victims are Haitians, not foreigners.
Thankfully, the ordeal for 17 foreign missionaries is over, but for many Haitians, the nightmare continues.
RIVERS (on camera): And, Lynda, the status of these 12 hostages that were released according to our source when seen by authorities, they looked,
quote, skinny and they are currently undergoing medical checks at this point before presumably most if not all of them will head back to their
respective home countries.
KINKADE: Yeah, such a huge relief for their families, no doubt. I understand this gang is responsible for most of the abductions in Haiti and
they want a million dollars per hostage in order to release them.
Do you have any details on the negotiations, and what led to the outcome today?
RIVERS: Yeah. What we do know and can confirm through a source in Haiti security forces is that ransom was paid to release these people over the
past several weeks. In terms of amount, it's something that we're not revealing at this time. But I can tell you it was far less than original
demand of $17 million in total, $1 million per hostage. It did not come close to that amount.
However, ransom was paid and that led to release of these hostages earlier today.
KINKADE: Matt Rivers for us in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, good to have you on the story. Thanks so much.
The death toll is now at 75 after the fuel tank explosion in northern Haiti. We want to warn you, images surrounding the story are graphic. The
truck derailed on Tuesday while trying to avoid running over a motor bike. Haiti's fire brigade chief says the driver warned people to not go near the
truck to collect leaking gas. The truck then exploded, damaging cars, houses and shops.
Haiti has been suffering from fuel shortages and rising gas prices due in part to gangs blocking fuel terminals.
Well, the U.K. is feeling a dizzying sense of deja vu. This time last year, talk of whether Christmas could happen despite concerning cases of COVID
dominated the news cycle. One year later, it's exactly the same story. The country seeing a record number of new daily infections for a second
straight day, some 88,000.
Only about 2 percent of those confirmed to be the omicron variant. But health officials say the variant has an R rate of 3 to 5. An infected
person is likely to spread the coronavirus to 3, 4, 5 other people. That means it's very contagious.
Well, since omicron was first identified, Britain's prime minister has been urging people to get boosters which experts say can significantly raise
one's levels -- one's -- a person's level of protection. The government says 25 million Britons have now gotten booster shots.
CNN's Salma Abdelaziz is in London for us.
SALMA ABDELAZIZ, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): COVID cases once again reached record levels in the U.K., with nearly 90,000 positive tests
recorded on Thursday.
Despite the worrying surge, Boris Johnson says Christmas is still on for now.
BORIS JOHNSON, BRITISH PRIME MINISTER: It is very different from last year. What we have is additional protection of the vaccines, and the
ability to test.
ABDELAZIZ: His chief medical officer sounded more cautious during a parliamentary committee on Thursday, and urged people to limit their
socializing.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I think people should prioritize what matters and cut down on things that don't.
ABDELAZIZ: More concerning, for every one person infected, on average, they will infect three to five others, a health expert said.
DR. SUSAN HOPKINS, UKHSA CHIEF MEDICAL ADVISER: With a doubling time of every two days, the R value for omicron is estimated to be much higher,
very broad brush estimates between three and five at the moment.
ABDELAZIZ: In Scotland, residents were asked to stay home as much as possible, and warned that vaccines were not enough.
NICOLA STURGEON, SCOTTISH FIRST MINISTER: We are in a situation now no matter how fast we go with vaccines, this variant of the virus is at the
moment running faster.
ABDELAZIZ: As precaution over rising cases, Queen Elizabeth cancelled a pre-Christmas family lunch, a Buckingham palace source told CNN.
The source said it was felt the lunch would put too many people's Christmas arrangements at risk if it went ahead.
And across Europe, leaders are watching the UK's battle with Omicron very closely. France announced tourism from Britain would be limited, and those
arriving would need a compelling reason for entry. Vaccination has also been ramped up with Italy vaccinating children between 5 and 11.
And Germany expanding its booster vaccine campaign to avoid its healthcare system being overwhelmed. Across the region, governments are preparing for
a tidal wave of omicron during the holiday season.
Salma Abdelaziz, CNN, London.
KINKADE: Well, two new studies of the omicron variant are clearly illustrating the need to get booster shots. U.S. researchers say the
variant appears markedly resistant to two doses of four major vaccines to most antibody therapies and also to most antibodies acquired through
infection. Well, boosters can help raise the level of protection. This study we must point out has not been reviewed by other experts or edited by
a scientific journal.
And in Hong Kong, scientists say omicron appears to infect human cells 70 times faster than delta variant, but it may do less damage to lungs. And
that supports the theories that it's a lot more contagious but may cause less severe illness. And the detail of that last study has not yet been
published or peer reviewed.
Well, more nations are expanding vaccination campaigns to try to get COVID- 19 infections under control. Italy is now vaccinating children between the ages of 5 and 11. The same goes for Spain and a handful of other EU
countries. Peru is planning to get that age group vaccinated as well, starting in January.
Let's look at the big picture. These are the countries that have nationwide campaigns to protect young children against the coronavirus. Well, some
question whether children should be vaccinated to begin with. Most kids don't get seriously ill, but they can infect others without knowing and
they do account for majority of cases in some countries.
In the last two weeks, for instance, children between 5 and 11 in Ontario had the highest infection rate of any age group. And Canadian leaders are
now trying to ramp up vaccinations, and urging people not to leave the country.
CNN's Paula Newton joins me live from Ottawa.
Good to see you, Paula.
So, less than ten days to Christmas. The government there is telling citizens: now is not the time to travel.
PAULA NEWTON, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Yeah, listen, Lynda, this has been a bitter pill to swallow for so many across Canada. But right now, when you
look at the modeling that's happening, most public health officials here believe that even though they have a high degree of vaccination, that with
waning immunity, it means that Omicron will hit the country hard, and they are expecting a surge in ICU occupancy definitely by January, perhaps as
soon as mid to late January.
And for that reason, they've issued what they are calling a travel advisory. Now, what does it mean? We actually had a travel advisory in
Canada for well over a year since the pandemic started. It was only lifted a few months ago.
But what it means is that Canadians should avoid all international travel unless it is absolutely necessary. It is at this point only an advisory. I
think what's key here too, Lynda, remembering is foreigners can still enter the country, as long as you're fully vaccinated and arrive with a test, as
of right now, there still isn't a quarantine requirement.
What's happening, though, Lynda, is that things are assessed literally by the hour. I've got another press conference coming up from the province of
Quebec, Ontario, had another one today, we're still awaiting those in Western Canada. And as they see that information from Omicron, even, you
know, the officials, politicians, prime minister, Justin Trudeau, have warned this could change at any time.
So, be aware if you do travel those restrictions could change.
KINKADE: All right. Very valid points.
Paula Newton, as always, good to have you with us. Thank you.
Well, I want to take a look at some of the key business stories making international news.
The Bank of England is raising interest rates to fight off surging consumer prices. Now, this is the first such move by a major central bank since
start of the pandemic. Inflation jumped to 5.1 percent in November, more than double the bank's target. And that's leaving the British economy at
risk of stagflation, weak growth and rising prices.
Europe's central bank says it's going to keep its interest rates where they are at record lows. Even projections showing inflation is likely to rise
above target levels. They're ending asset purchases and its pandemic stimulus program in March.
And Turkey central bank is cutting interest rates the fourth straight month, despite inflation hitting 21 percent in November. Now the Turkish
lira has dropped to an all-time low. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has long gone against conventional practices, believing rate cuts can fight
Now to heartbreak in Australia. A party marking end of the school year ended with five children killed, four more seriously injured. It happened
at a school celebration in the state of Tasmania. Police say the students were inside an inflatable jumping castle lifted in the air by strong wind.
It then fell to the ground. The students inside were in final years of primary school. The government is expressing shock and heartbreak.
SCOTT MORRISON, AUSTRALIAN PRIME MINISTER: The events that occurred today in Davenport in Tasmania are shattering. They are just unthinkably
heartbreaking. And young children, on a fun day out together with their families, and it turns to such horrific tragedy at this time of year.
KINKADE: Absolute tragedy. Our heart goes out to those families.
Well, Typhoon Rai is lashing the Philippines after hitting the island as a category 5 super typhoon. Tens of thousands were evacuated in the face of a
storm that gained strength rapidly.
KINKADE (voice-over): This is what Super Typhoon Rai felt like as it slammed into the eastern coast of the Philippines Thursday. The storm
intensified rapidly, going from barely a category one to five in just 24 hours. Before making landfall on Siargao Island with sustained winds
reaching 260 kilometers an hour. It was the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines in December since Bopha struck the nation in 2012. The storm
brought torrential rain and a threat of widespread flooding across the popular tourist and surfing destination.
Rescue efforts are underway. An infant floated through the high water in a small tub, rescued by members of the Philippine coast guard. An elderly
woman was carried to safety, others escaped rushing water and ushered to a Coast Guard truck.
The Red Cross says helping people in the community is a top priority.
RICHARD GORDON, CHAIRMAN & CEO, PHILIPPINE RED CROSS: Right now, there's no power, they've cut or they've lost power simply because of the rains.
There are certain areas are without water. And certainly, a lot of people have to be looked at, at the evacuation center because we still have COVID
in this country. And we want to make sure that they're fine.
KINKADE: Many residents evacuated their homes earlier in the week as heavy rain fell in the region. Government officials say nearly 200,000 are in
shelters. About 70 households rode out the storm in a cave.
In central Misamis Oriental, one river began overflowing Tuesday, flooding streets and homes. This man took solace playing the piano as he watched his
home fill with muddy, brown water.
Having went through typhoons before, many were well-prepared. Red Cross teams readied rescue equipment and fishing boats were secured. Philippines
is one of the most climate vulnerable nations. And warmer oceans from climate change are making typhoons like this more intense and destructive.
KINKADE: Well, still to come, a leftist former student leader versus far right former congressman, which one will become Chile's next president
after the country's most polarizing election in decades. We're going to go live to Santiago, next.
KINKADE: Welcome back.
Voters in Chile have a stark choice electing a president. And so much as stake, the winner could shape the country's future for years to come.
Leftist lawmaker and former student activist Gabriel Boric is facing off against far right former congressman Jose Antonio Kast. Sunday's runoff is
expected to be a nail biter with the race too close to call. At an age 35, Boric would be Chile's youngest ever president. And he heads a coalition
that includes the Communist Party, which is promising to tackle economic inequalities and improve social rights.
His opponent is running on a law and order platform, running a wave of anger over immigration and crime. Kast has been likened to Brazilian leader
Jair Bolsonaro and even Donald Trump. He's a defender of formal Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet and he's crediting him with spurring economic
growth during his bloody rule. But the candidates held final debate Monday night and it got pretty heated.
Boric accusing Kast of spreading lies, while Kast issued this personal challenge when speaking to reporters.
JOSE ANTONIO KAST, CHILEAN PRESIDENTIAL CANIDDATE (through translator): I trust what he says, that he is not a drug user, but to remove any doubt and
to avoid this back and forth and him having to apologize every time caught by surprise, he should take the hair test.
GABRIEL BORIC, CHILEAN PRESIDENTIAL CANIDDATE (through translator): The remaining days of the campaign should be focused on positive proposals, not
on personal attacks so the Chileans can decide on the Chile of the future, what we want to build, not the defamation that's pursued by Jose Antonio
Kast and his followers.
KINKADE: Well, the U.N. Commission of Human Rights is taking sides. Michelle Bachelet, a former Chilean president, put out a video endorsing
Boric, saying, he would insure a path of progress for all. She also urged people to get out and vote, saying there's too much at stake to remain
indifferent.
We're joined now by Rafael Romo in the Chilean capital of Santiago.
Good to have you with us.
So, I want to start on the two candidates that seem to be complete opposite. What do we need to know about the men on the ballot?
RAFAEL ROMO, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Yeah, that's a very good point, Lynda. They could not be more different from each other. And it is very
interesting because when the process started, they started with field of seven candidates, including just about every position on the political
spectrum and voters chose the two extremes.
Jose Antonio Kast is 50 years old. He's an attorney. He's a father of nine, he is Catholic. He says that the government should be smaller and he is
also advocating for law and order kind of government. He's also talked about going as far as building a ditch to prevent immigrants coming from
other countries on Chile's northern border.
On the other hand, you had Boric, he is 20 years younger than Kast. His political experience has to do with the fact he was student leader for
many, many years, and he is asking for the exact opposite. He wants bigger government that takes care of the people better, bigger welfare programs.
And as you pointed out, as part of his coalition, the communist party is there. So, very different candidates and both are trying to become the next
president of Chile. Now you have about -- an electorate of about 6 million people last time around. Half of that participated. It's anybody's guess
what's going to happen this Sunday, Lynda.
KINKADE: Yeah. And, Rafael, I have to ask you, given that they are pitching very different platforms to voters, what are the issues concerning
voters right now?
ROMO: I was talking to a local political analyst. And he was telling me that if he were to summarize the feeling, both sides is fear, because on
one hand, Boric's supporters are afraid that Chile is going to go back to the era of dictatorship of Pinochet. And he's going to bring back that sort
of repressive regime that people suffered through during the entire dictatorship.
On the other hand, Kast voters point out that Chile has been chaotic the last two years, especially during very violent protests at the end of 2019.
He says that -- they say he is going to bring communism to Chile, that this country is going to become, they coined the term, Chinezuela, comparing it
to Venezuela, Chilezuela, I should say. Forgive me.
And these are very polarized opinions from people. The main thing that we have to remember is that part of the electorate, 25 percent of people have
not made up their minds yet. Both candidates are counting that those undecided voters are going to go their way on Sunday selection, Lynda.
KINKADE: And, Rafael, we're seeing parallels to the U.S. election, you have one party already trying to sow the seeds of distrust in the electoral
ROMO: Yeah, that's true. Well, for one thing, polarization just like in the United States.
But on the other hand, and it was just about an hour ago that candidate Kast was speaking at a local radio station when he was being interviewed
and he says that if he is not -- if the margin of victory for either candidate is not significant enough, he's going to ask for a recount, and
he has been talking about this already for the last few weeks. He is not going as far as questioning the integrity of the electoral system, but is
definitely already saying that he is going to ask for recount if the vote is close enough, Lynda.
KINKADE: All right. We will see how it plays out. No doubt. Talk to you soon.
Rafael Romo, thanks so much. That election, of course, is happening on Sunday.
You are watching THE GLOBAL BRIEF. We're taking a quick break. We'll be right back.
KINKADE: Well, the Boss will no longer be the boss of his own music.
But he has plenty to dance about, with half a billion dollars instead. Bruce Springsteen reportedly sold his catalogue to Sony Music Entertainment
for some $500 million. The sale includes rights to use iconic albums, "Born to Run" and "The River." It would be the largest ever sale of a single
musician's work.
Well, the taste of music fans in Australia seem to be, well, for the birds. Flutter aside, Justin Bieber, take flight, Abba, a flock of high flying
birds have just nudged you aside on the Australian Music Channel. Take a listen.
Yeah. That's a recording of endangered Australian bird songs, soaring to number five in the country. It's called "Songs of Disappearance" because it
features the sounds of 53 of Australia's most threatened species. Researchers say one in six Australian birds is now in danger in part due to
climate change. So, music lovers and bird lovers alike, it's helped raising awareness, that these songs can help change the tune.
Well, I am going to take flight. That was THE GLOBAL BRIEF. I'm Lynda Kinkade. Thanks so much for watching.
"WORLD SPORT" is coming up next.


tags: pros and cons in public education Free Essays 562 words (1.6 pages) Preview - In America, teenagers are taught to not question or object what is going on in the world.
Does labor-saving technology increase unemployment? A "stimulus" package of over 700 billion dollars was passed with emergency speed early in 2009, coupled with warnings that without such spending unemployment might exceed.
If you are writing a descriptive paper, your purpose will be to describe something to a specific group. Shape your topic so that you can get straight to the "meat". Developing Your..
The movie is a definite no, and not even worth spending time watching when there is nothing else to watch. The atmosphere becomes tense, and at the same time captivating. The thesis..


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Home/Security and Judiciary/Commander of AFRICOM visited Libya
Commander of AFRICOM visited Libya
The head of the Presidential Council, Mohamed Al-Menfi, in his capacity as the Supreme Commander of the Libyan Army, held talks with the Commander of the US Military Command in Africa (AFRICOM), General Stephen Townsend, in Tripoli on Tuesday.
Both sides reviewed the joint security and military cooperation between Libya and the United States.
They discussed efforts to combat terrorism, by working to establish security in areas adjacent to the southern Libyan borders where foreign armed groups and human smugglers are active.
They also stressed the need for the removal of mercenaries and foreign forces from Libya to ensure the stability and security of the county.
Latest update of COVID-19 infections in Libya – September 27
25 million dinars embezzled from Misrata Customs Office
An arrest warrant issued for the director of the Libyan…
The Prime Minister conducted an inspection tour to the Police…
The Minister of Culture and Knowledge Development released from prison
UNDP reconstructed Benghazi corniche
Union for the upbringing of pigeons in Misrata
Agreement signed in Tripoli to provide support for nine schools
The new the Presidential Council prevented media coverage in Sabha
Protesters close a school in Mizda town


text:
HomeTest Bank Test Bank For Understanding Abnormal Behavior, 10th Edition by David Sue Western Washington University Derald Wing Sue Teacher's College, Columbia College Stanley Sue University of California, Davis Diane M. Sue Private Practice
Test Bank For Understanding Human Behavior, 2/E 2nd Edition by Clifford R. Mynatt, Bowling Green State University Michael E. Doherty, Bowling Green State University	$35.00
Test Bank For THINK Social Psychology, First Canadian Edition by Kimberley J. Duff, Cerritos College Kristine Peace, Grant MacEwan University	$35.00
Test Bank For Understanding Abnormal Behavior, 10th Edition by David Sue Western Washington University Derald Wing Sue Teacher's College, Columbia College Stanley Sue University of California, Davis Diane M. Sue Private Practice
Test Bank For Understanding Abnormal Behavior, 10th Edition by David Sue Western Washington University Derald Wing Sue Teacher's College, Columbia College Stanley Sue University of California, Davis Diane M. Sue Private Practice quantity
Category: Test Bank Tags: 10th Edition by David Sue Western Washington University Derald Wing Sue Teacher's College, Columbia College Stanley Sue University of California, Davis Diane M. Sue Private Practice, Test Bank For Understanding Abnormal Behavior
1. The term psychologists use as the cause of abnormal behavior is the behavior's ____.
a. genesis c. psychiatric underpinnings
b. etiology d. psychological underpinnings
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Introduction OBJ: 1
MSC: Factual
2. A psychologist who uses the words patient, mental illness, and cure when discussing disorders is using
which model?
a. psychodynamic c. statistical
b. psychogenic d. medical
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: One-Dimensional Models of Mental Disorders
OBJ: 1 MSC: Conceptual
3. Models are often utilized by scientists to ____.
a. provide a clear and definitive explanation for a phenomenon
b. help conceptualize the cause of a phenomenon
c. directly observe a phenomenon
d. infer a phenomenon to something more abstract
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: One-Dimensional Models of Mental Disorders
4. An assumption of the multipath model of abnormality is that ____.
a. the biological perspective best explains the complexities of human behavior
b. most psychological disorders are due to one or two primary factors
c. biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural factors contribute equally to most
d. different individuals exposed to different factors may develop similar mental disorders
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: A Multipath Model of Mental Disorders
OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual
5. Which of the following would be a biological explanation of psychopathology?
a. family interactions c. early childhood experiences
b. neurological dysfunctions d. behaviors learned in the environment
6. Peter survived a stroke that damaged much of the tissue in the left hemisphere of his brain. We can
expect that Peter will ____.
a. have trouble controlling his emotional behavior
b. be unable to sense touch on the left side of his body
c. experience impaired visual-spatial abilities
d. experience paralysis on the right side of his body
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Dimension One: Biological Factors
OBJ: 3 MSC: Applied
7. Forebrain is to ____ as hindbrain is to ____.
a. alertness and attention; language, thought, and memory
b. serotonin; dopamine
c. higher mental functions; functions like sleep, heart rate, and respiration
d. visual and spatial abilities; emotions and motivation
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Dimension One: Biological Factors
8. The function of neural dendrites is to ____.
a. release neurotransmitters
b. receive signals from other neurons
c. bind to receptors of other neurons
d. trigger synaptic excitation of other neurons
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Dimension One: Biological Factors
9. Which statement about neurotransmitters is accurate?
a. Neurotransmitters are released by dendrites.
b. Drugs that block or facilitate neurotransmitter activity can alleviate symptoms of mental
disorders.
c. Neurotransmitters consistently have an excitatory effect on the human nervous system.
d. Neurotransmitters send neural impulses to axons of receiving neurons.
10. Dopamine is related to several mental disorders. Insufficient dopamine is a possible cause of ____,
while having an excess of dopamine may be related to ____.
a. anxiety; depression
b. Parkinson's disease; schizophrenia
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder; Parkinson's disease
d. schizophrenia; depression
11. Because Joan suffers from depression, Dr. Adler has prescribed a medication that alters sensitivity and
receptivity to ____ at the receptor sites in her brain. For Justin, who suffers from anxiety, Dr. Adler
prescribes a drug that affects receptor reactivity to ____.
a. serotonin; GABA c. dopamine; acetylcholine
b. GABA; serotonin d. acetylcholine; dopamine
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Dimension One: Biological Factors
12. Autonomic nervous system reactivity in humans appears to be ____.
a. learned c. inherited
b. psychogenic d. related to dopamine activity
13. A person's observable physical or behavioral characteristics are the ____.
a. same thing as their genotype c. result of environmental factors only
b. result of inheritance only d. same thing as their phenotype
14. Which of the following is true about the current findings of the Human Genome Project, which is
developing a "manual" for the basic blueprint of the entire genetic material found in each cell of the
body?
a. Scientists have been able to map and understand all of the genes in the nucleus of a human
b. Scientists have discovered the genes associated with the occurrence of certain hereditary
diseases, such as Huntington's chorea, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy.
c. Scientists have developed drugs and other interventions to cure many of the genetically
inherited diseases.
d. Scientists have discovered that most inherited diseases can be traced to a single gene.
15. Which statement about the biological model is accurate?
a. It has helped find effective drugs for treating disorders.
b. It has received support from diathesis-stress theory.
c. It has shown that mental disorders are almost always caused by structural abnormalities in
the brain.
d. It has proven that inheritance is the direct cause of most disorders.
16. The scientific field that studies the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior is called ____.
a. psychopharmaceuticals c. psychopharmacology
b. pharmaceuticals d. pharmacology
17. Faith says that she agrees with the diathesis-stress view of psychopathology that ____.
a. biochemical changes influence the structure of the brain to produce most disorders
b. the environment plays little, if any, role in the development of disorders
c. genetics are unimportant in the explanation of disorders
d. genetics and environmental factors interact to cause disorders
18. In the diathesis-stress theory, the diathesis is ____.
a. the amount of stressful life changes that activates a disorder
b. the individual's predisposition to develop illness
c. an individual's neurotransmitter imbalance
d. a faulty schema the individual uses to understand the world
19. The two main distinguishing ideas in the psychodynamic model are that ____.
a. disorders result from childhood experiences and anxieties operate unconsciously
b. the causes of disorders are largely conscious and culture determines the expression of
symptoms of disorders
c. diathesis is a predisposition to develop an illness and stress is an environmental factor that
triggers the illness
d. abnormalities are inherited and symptoms start with biology
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Dimension Two: Psychological Factors
20. Which drug is most likely to be prescribed for a patient suffering from depression?
a. benzodiazepine c. a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
b. chlorpromazine d. lithium
21. Joseph, a student in the abnormal psychology class, says, "Why are we studying Freud? All he ever
talked about was sex and his theory is totally outdated!" A valid response from his professor would be
____.
a. "I agree. Your assessment of Freud's theory is correct."
b. "Let me show you how all of Freud's theories have been supported by modern research."
c. "Freud's focus on early childhood experiences, the role of the unconscious, and the use of
insight continue to assert a pervasive impact on mental health practice."
d. "Freud's emphasis on sexuality as a precipitating factor in all mental disorders has been
found to be totally valid."
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Dimension Two: Psychological Factors
22. Two characters on the "Star Trek" television series, Mr. Spock and Commander Data, are completely
logical. They make their decisions on the basis of realistic considerations, not emotions or moral
judgment. From a psychodynamic perspective, their personalities are entirely ____.
a. ego c. superego
b. id d. ego ideal
23. Thuy is faced with a dilemma: She lives in a war-torn country in which for years the economy has
been severely disrupted. In order to feed herself and her children, she steals food, but she feels a great
sense of guilt when she does. According to Freud, the personality structure involved in stealing food is
the ____, whereas the one involved in guilt feelings is the ____.
a. id; ego c. superego; id
b. ego; superego d. conscience; ego ideal
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Dimension Two: Psychological Factors
24. Jason exploits other people and never feels guilty about it. He rarely
helps other people and feels no
pride when he does. According to psychodynamic thinking, Jason has ____.
a. an underdeveloped superego c. too much ego ideal
b. an underdeveloped ego d. no id
25. According to Freud, the two most important instincts in people are ____.
a. pleasure and reality c. sex and aggression
b. responsibility and irresponsibility d. fear and happiness
26. Dr. Young says, "My client faced such severe traumas in her first two years of life that her emotional
development was arrested in that period. The result is that although she is 29 years old, she is passive
and feels helpless." Dr. Young is describing the psychodynamic concept of ____.
a. reaction formation c. resistance
b. transference d. fixation
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Dimension Two: Psychological Factors
27. According to the psychodynamic model, people use unconscious strategies to protect their egos from
anxieties. These strategies are called ____.
a. defense mechanisms c. ego distortions
b. anti-anxiety mechanisms d. reaction formations
28. Constance was instructed by her therapist to say whatever came to mind, even if it was illogical or
embarrassing. Her therapist was using which psychodynamic technique?
a. dream analysis c. resistance
b. free association d. catharsis
29. After three sessions, Molly decided she was madly in love with Dr. Arnold. As a psychoanalyst, Dr.
Arnold would most likely ____.
a. discontinue their sessions
b. interpret her feelings as a way to understand important relationships in her life
c. encourage her feelings as a way to help her feel secure in her relationships
d. refer her to another therapist
30. Patients in psychoanalysis unconsciously attempt to impede their treatment by preventing exposure of
repressed material. This process is referred to as ____.
a. transference c. projection
b. suppression d. resistance
31. Dr. Al-Suwaidi explains his clients' psychological problems by considering biological, psychological,
social, and sociocultural explanations. He is using what the text refers to as the ____ model.
a. multipath c. multicultural
b. biopsychosocial d. integrative
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A Multipath Model of Mental Disorders
32. Defense mechanisms ____.
a. operate consciously c. are used only by neurotic people
b. protect individuals from anxiety d. provide a realistic perspective
33. Which model of psychopathology considers unconscious influences to be the motivation for behavior?
a. existential c. cognitive
b. psychodynamic d. humanistic
34. Unlike traditional psychoanalysts, post-Freudians tend to ____.
a. deemphasize sexual motivation as the cause of behavior
b. view all behavior as originating predominantly from conscious thought
c. deemphasize the importance of personal choice and future goals
d. feel that talking in therapy is a waste of time
35. Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler were all considered ____.
a. behaviorists c. humanists
b. cognitive psychologists d. post-Freudians
36. Which statement about object-relations therapy is accurate?
a. It rejects the importance of childhood experience as a cause of adult disorder.
b. It is a cognitive approach used to understand family dynamics.
c. It is a post-Freudian idea involving exploration of past interpersonal relationships.
d. It employs a humanistic-existential set of concepts.
37. Of the following, which client would be most likely to benefit from psychoanalysis?
a. a poor person with limited verbal skills c. a well-educated anxious young man
b. an older woman in immediate crisis d. a psychotic older man
38. Dr. O'Brien says, "Psychodynamic theory has had a significant impact on psychology because it is
based largely on observations in controlled conditions. Further, the theory emphasizes freedom of
choice, and the therapy is effective with all disorders." Which part of Dr. O'Brien's statement is
accurate?
a. Psychodynamic therapy is effective with all disorders.
b. Psychoanalysis has had a significant impact on psychology.
c. Psychodynamic theory is based on observations in controlled conditions.
d. Psychodynamic theory emphasizes freedom of choice.
39. Which of the following is an accurate statement about psychodynamic theory?
a. It is gynocentric.
b. Freud's research methodology was advanced for his time.
c. The theory can be applied to a wide range of disturbed people.
d. Its use of insight continues to influence the field of mental health.
40. A psychologist who sees a client's problems as caused by a lack of useful, productive behaviors and
lack of consequences following inappropriate actions probably supports which model of
psychopathology?
a. existential c. behavioral
41. Dr. White says, "Psychopathology is learned through a person's interactions with his or her
environment." Dr. White's statement reflects which psychological model?
a. behavioral c. cognitive
b. psychodynamic d. biological
42. Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning. What exactly is associated?
a. internal models of the world and behavior
b. a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
c. a behavior and its consequence
d. unconscious motivations and internal needs
43. If a loud siren is sounded, any newborn infant will automatically scream. In classical conditioning
terminology, the siren is a(n) ____.
a. conditioned response c. unconditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response d. conditioned stimulus
44. Which statement about classical conditioning is accurate?
a. It was first described by Edward Thorndike after observing the behavior of cats.
b. It assumes that behavior is controlled by its consequences.
c. It explains most human behavior.
d. It was discovered by Ivan Pavlov when he was studying the digestive processes of dogs.
45. In his original experiments, Pavlov paired a bell tone with the presentation of food. After a while, the
bell tone alone could provoke salivation. By the time this happened, the ____.
a. bell had become a conditioned stimulus
b. food had become a conditioned stimulus
c. animal had lost interest in the food
d. salivation had become an unconditioned response
a. The conditioned response is a response the organism makes automatically when in the
presence of the UCS.
b. Classical conditioning does not occur unless the associated stimuli are reinforced.
c. A reliable pairing of the UCS and the UCR leads to learning.
d. Classical conditioning involves involuntary responses.
47. Watson and Rayner's famous research in classical conditioning was designed to explain the
development of ____.
a. cognitive disorders c. phobias
b. neuroses d. depression
48. Classical conditioning has been useful in the field of abnormal psychology primarily by ____.
a. explaining the acquisition of phobias and other human behaviors
b. emphasizing the voluntary nature of human behavior
c. exploring how abnormal behavior is learned through observation of disturbed models
d. demonstrating the importance of the consequences of behavior
49. Erin has an exaggerated fear of flying. She refuses to board an airplane and avoids airports altogether.
This is an example of associative learning, so which type of therapy is most likely to be helpful in her
a. cognitive c. modeling
b. classical conditioning d. psychodynamic
50. Unlike behaviors in classical conditioning, operant behaviors are ____.
a. learned by observing others c. voluntary and controllable
b. unconscious. d. instinctive
51. Patty knows that if she cries, she will get her way. Paul knows that if he cries he will be ignored.
Which model of behavior suggests that Patty will increase her crying and Paul will decrease his
crying?
a. classical conditioning c. psychodynamic theory
b. operant conditioning d. observational learning
52. Which quote is most similar to Thorndike's concept of instrumental conditioning?
a. "Emotions are a function of beliefs, not events."
b. "Emotions are the outgrowth of passive associations we make with positive and negative
stimuli in the world."
c. "Most of our behavior is motivated by factors of which we are not conscious."
d. "We do more of whatever behavior pays off."
53. A common myth about behavioral approaches assumes that ____.
a. people are completely the products of their conditioning histories
b. people are active participants in the developmental process
c. people are overwhelmed by their free will
d. people are greatly affected by their internal mental life.
54. Which of the following is the best example of operant conditioning?
a. A man gets nauseated when he smells the same kind of food that once caused him food
poisoning.
b. A man asks for a raise because, in the past, his requests were successful.
c. A woman has been frightened by thunderstorms all her life.
d. A child watches a friend steal from a store, so he thinks he might steal sometime in the
55. In classical conditioning, behaviors are controlled by events that ____ the response, whereas in operant
conditioning, they are controlled by events that ____ the response.
a. intensify; reduce c. precede; follow
b. follow; precede d. increase; decrease
56. According to operant conditioning, self-injurious behavior may be learned through the use of ____.
a. reinforcement c. implosion
b. personalization d. modeling
57. A kindergarten teacher wants to reduce the amount of aggressiveness children display in her class and
on the playground. Using operant conditioning principles, the teacher should ____.
a. use negative reinforcers to decrease the behavior
b. pair aggressiveness with some pleasant stimulus
c. eliminate the reinforcement associated with aggressiveness
d. encourage the children to get the aggressiveness out of their systems
58. Which of the following increases the frequency of a behavior because it removes or reduces an
aversive (punishing) event?
a. positive reinforcement c. negative reinforcement
b. vicarious conditioning d. modeling
59. When Stanley is afraid of meeting a woman, he finds an excuse to run off by himself. The immediate
effect of running away is to make him feel less anxious and more at ease. Stanley's behavior illustrates
the ____.
a. role of negative reinforcers in avoidance behavior
b. fact that shaping can result in maladjusted behavior
c. role of partial reinforcement in abnormal behavior
d. power of positive reinforcement
60. Unlike operant or classical conditioning, in observational learning ____.
a. direct reinforcement is necessary to establish behavior
b. new behaviors can be learned by watching others
c. reinforcement must precede the person's action
d. reinforcers are not necessary to maintain a behavior
61. Unlike the early behaviorists, behaviorally oriented mental health professionals today ____.
a. are more focused on the importance of behavioral consequences
b. are interested in understanding the effects of internal mental processes on the acquisition
and treatment of disorders
c. reject the notion that internal mental processes affect the acquisition of disorders
d. emphasize the importance of conditioning
62. Which of the following is a strength of the behavioral model?
a. It emphasizes the impact of environment on behavior.
b. It is applied to explain intrapsychic conflict.
c. It is not restricted by adherence to scientific methodology.
d. It highlights the subjective life of the individual.
63. When John was growing up, he saw his older brother severely beaten by their father after the brother
was caught drinking a beer. Since then, John has never had a beer in his life. What form of learning
does this best illustrate?
a. classical conditioning c. observational learning
b. instrumental learning d. operant conditioning
64. Dr. Ansorg believes that her clients can acquire appropriate social skills by watching her interact with
other people in a social setting. Dr. Ansorg assumes which paradigm of learning?
a. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning
b. observational learning d. psychodynamic
65. A depressed person hears this from his therapist: "Your interpretation of the events in your life brings
on the depression. If you can see yourself as less of a failure and more of a success, the depression will
lift." The therapist probably supports which approach to abnormal behavior?
a. cognitive c. psychodynamic
b. operant conditioning d. family systems
66. Schema and irrational thoughts are two terms that are used in which model of psychopathology?
a. family systems c. cognitive
b. behavioral d. multicultural
67. Cognitive theorists emphasize that disturbed individuals ____.
a. come from disturbed families
b. live in stressful environments
c. have irrational and maladaptive thoughts
d. are deficient in interpersonal skills
68. Who developed the A-B-C theory of personality and irrational beliefs?
a. Ellis c. Beck
b. Minuchin d. Satir
69. Dr. Alcott makes the following statement about Janet's depression: "Your depression may be due to
your misperception of this unfortunate situation and your tendency to blame yourself for events that
are beyond your control. What we need to do is help you to recognize and modify your irrational
beliefs." Dr. Alcott's comments are characteristic of the ____.
a. behavioral model c. humanistic model
b. cognitive model d. psychodynamic model
70. Dr. Danvers is a firm believer in Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality. Given that, what could we expect
Dr. Danvers to say?
a. "People are less troubled by their thoughts regarding the events in their lives than the
actual events themselves."
b. "Belief that an event is unfortunate leads to a healthier consequence than belief that an
event is a catastrophe."
c. "Our reactions are due to our learned associations."
d. "Depression is something you are most likely born with and can never really escape."
71. Dr. Weinberg is a humanistically oriented psychotherapist. Which of the following comments about
cognitive therapy is she most likely to make?
a. "People have the ability to make free choices and they are responsible for their own
b. "Therapists who use the ABC-theory are too passive; they should be more like teachers
than listeners."
c. "Cognitive therapists put too much emphasis on childhood experiences and not enough on
choices one makes in life."
d. "Thoughts are not observable, so they have no place in science."
72. The humanistic approach and the ____ approach emphasize the subjective world of the individual.
Both were developed as a reaction against the deterministic and mechanistic quality of early models of
psychopathology.
a. existential c. multicultural
b. observational learning d. behavioral
73. Dr. Abdul says to his students, "There are two key things to understand about this therapeutic
approach. First, the best way to understand an individual's behavior is to see the world from that
person's point of view. Second, people are able to make free choices in life." To which of the
following theoretical approaches could Dr. Abdul be referring?
a. psychodynamic c. cognitive
b. humanistic d. behavioral
74. A major contribution of the humanistic perspective is its ____.
a. insistence on rigorous empirical studies
b. primary focus on improving the mental health of persons with serious disorders
c. positive view of the individual
d. emphasis on blocked instinctual forces
75. Shelly says, "I think that everyone has an inherent tendency to strive toward their full potential. It
shows in our creativity and delight in discovering new things." Shelly's thoughts illustrate ____.
a. Maslow's term "self-actualization."
b. Thorndike's principle "the law of effect."
c. Freud's view of unconscious influences on our development.
d. Ellis's concept of rational beliefs.
76. According to Rogers, behavior disorders are the result of ____.
a. insufficient discipline of children by parents
b. observational learning from poor role models
c. fixation at early psychosexual stages
d. incongruence between self-concept and potential
77. A mother says to her daughter, "I value you regardless of your behavior. I may disapprove of what you
do, but I will still respect and love you." According to Rogers, this mother is ____.
a. increasing the incongruence between the child's self-concept and the child's behavior
b. expressing conditions of worth toward her daughter
c. providing unconditional positive regard
d. teaching the girl irrational beliefs
78. According to Rogers, which of the following would be most important in a therapeutic relationship?
a. well-developed counseling techniques c. the therapist's attitude
b. interpretation of transference d. insight into the client's problems
79. As a person-centered therapist, Dr. Finn wants his clients to discover their strengths and their full
potential. Dr. Finn would most likely do which of the following?
a. rely on his clients' own strength and potential
b. make suggestions for ways his clients can increase their strength and potential
c. point out how his clients get in the way of developing their strength and potential
d. reinforce the behaviors his clients use that promote their strength and potential
80. Which of the following techniques is consistent with person-centered therapy?
a. Express and communicate respect.
b. Tell a client how to think about a problem.
c. Help a client achieve insight into inner motivations and desires.
d. Recognize the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
81. Humanistic therapists ____.
a. emphasize the use of specific techniques in therapy
b. withhold unconditional positive regard when clients are unwilling to accept personal
c. do not need training to develop clinical skills because it is their attitude that is paramount
for effecting therapeutic change
d. believe that people are able to advance and grow on their own
82. Which perspective is not really a systemized school of thought, and instead is more like a set of
attitudes that emphasizes the individual's quest for meaning and personal responsibility for choices?
a. existential c. psychodynamic
b. cognitive d. behavioral
OBJ: 4 MSC: Factua
Supply Chain Management: A Global Perspective 1st Edition Test Bank by Nada R. Sanders
Test Bank for Computing Essentials 2017 26 Ed by OLeary


The 2012 Chattahoochee Valley baseball season came to an end last week as the Pirates were eliminated by rival Central Alabama in the ACCC tournament. The Pirates went 2-2 in the tournament and once again played some of the most exciting and talked about games in the event.
In the tourney opener, Wallace Dothan roared out to a 5-1 lead, but a relentless attack by the Pirate offense forced several errors and led to a 10-5 romp in favor of Chatt Valley. Micheal O'Neal returned to form, striking out ten in six and a third innings in relief, and David Levy and Cody Walker hammered out three hits each.
In game two, the Pirates would face the regular season champions from the ACCC Northern division, Wallace Hanceville. The Lions were every bit as tough as advertised, but the Pirates gave them all they could handle in a 2-1 pitchers duel. Clint Spratlin was masterful, going six innings and allowing no earned runs in the defeat.
The Pirates could thank dominant relief pitching, clutch hitting and a little bit of divine intervention for their third round win over LB Wallace. The Saints took a 5-1 lead over the Pirates going into the bottom of the eighth inning when the Pirates loaded the bases with two outs and the rain came in. Prior to the rain delay, the Saints had seized all of the momentum in the game, but when the contest resumes after two hours, the Pirates turned the tide.
Cody Walker worked a walk to score the first run of the comeback, and then Tim Massengale drove a two-out, full count fastball into right center to plate two more runs. In the bottom of the ninth, the Pirates were down to their last strike when Martin Castro drove in Matt Nettles to send the game into extra innings. Dustin Dunagan and Matt Vollenweider then combined for one of the most gutsy relief performances in CVCC baseball history, tossing a combined six and a third innings of scoreless relief. Vollenweider was particularly effective, striking out nine in four and a third innings. Their efforts set the stage for Patrick Olvaney to launch a massive, two run walk off homer in the bottom of the fourteenth inning to win the game.
Unfortunately, the Pirates heroics against LBW would doom them against Central Alabama. Chatt Valley was forced to use almost their entire pitching staff in the fourteen inning affair, and they had little left to use against nationally ranked Central Alabama in what would be the final game of their season. The Pirates committed three critical errors on top of getting roughed up for thirteen hits that led to a 9-4 defeat. Pirate hitters pounded out twelve hits of their own, but fell victim to bad luck hammering several potentially game changing balls directly to Trojan fielders. Tim Massengale, Patrick Olvaney, and Matt Nettles led the way for the Pirates, but the loss ended another successful season for the baseball team.
The Pirates finished the year with a 35-24 record and a second place finish in the ACCC Central Division, with a 5th place overall finish in the conference tourney.


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Q: JQuery Tools: tabs - targeting tabbed content from external link conundrum I'm implementing http://cdn.jquerytools.org/1.2.7/all/jquery.tools.min.js in wordpress for homepage tabbed content. But, I'm having a problem with targeting specific tabs outside the homepage itself. I have the tabbed menu loaded into the header section for easy access from any page on the site, but no matter what, all three links default to the #first div content, even though it shows the correct # target in the address bar. I don't have JQuery called in the head and only on the homepage where the tabbed content lives.
Here's my code in the home.php

and here's my menu externally in my functions.php file
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                            Aero Systems Engineering

                            Aero BridgeWorks

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