Of the various types of stem cells, only two spermatogonial and hematopoeitic stem cells can be positively identified using functional assays. This makes them valuable models for other types of stem cells, such as those that give rise to skin, the lining of the intestines, brain, muscle and liver.
Spermatogonial stem cells are of additional interest for transgenics applications because they are the only cells, including all other stem cells, that undergo self-renewal throughout an animals lifetime and contribute genes to subsequent generations. Previous attempts to genetically alter this unique type of stem cell, either through retroviruses or other methods, have met with little success.
Brinsters work is unusual in that his transgenic mice were created using cells from male animals. Transgenic animals are generally produced by inserting foreign DNA into cells derived from females, such as oocytes, eggs and blastocysts. Brinsters group has demonstrated that the efficiency of generating transgenic mice through spermatogonial stem cells is roughly equivalent to that of female-derived cells.
"Questions had been raised regarding whether male germ-line stem cells could be transduced with a retroviral vector and whether any gene introduced would be silenced," Brinster said. "Our work clearly demonstrates that the stem cell can be transduced at relatively high efficiency and expression is not silenced. About 10 percent of stem cells carry active genes that are transmitted for at least three generations."


Choosing the right place for your child to take their first steps in education is one of the most important decisions you will make. Children may join our Pre-Reception during the term in which they turn three, following assessment to ensure that they are ready. On joining us, children become part of our school and their education in the hands of full-time teachers, supported by an experienced team of Pre-Reception assistants.
With our encouraging and stimulating environment, along with access to our outstanding facilities, our Pre-Reception is the ideal place for your child to lay the foundations for their move into reception and beyond, developing new skills, making new friends and having fun whilst learning.
We are always happy to arrange a personal tour for parents thinking about sending their children here as we believe this is the best way to find out about our School. A visit will give you an opportunity for an informal meeting with the Headmaster and a tour of the School, where you will see our children enjoying their normal day to day routines.
Registered applicants are invited, with their parents, to an informal visit in the Pre-Reception where they are observed playing with one of our Pre-Reception staff and the other children. Parents are able to use this time to meet with our Pre-Reception Manager or one of our Early Years teachers to talk about their child, their expectations of the school and find out more about day to day routines.
Once you have decided that Stockport Grammar Junior School is the right choice for your child, you can apply for a Pre-Reception place by completing the online admission form below. A fee of £40 per child is applicable upon submission of the online form.
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07 Feb 'Untogether' Film Review: Jemima Kirke Plays a Struggling Writer In Frank, Fresh Un-Rom-Com
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31 Jan Billy Crystal on Friendship with Robert De Niro and film 'Untogether' on Jimmy Kimmel
Billy talks about his new movie Untogether, and filming Analyze This with Robert De Niro. Watch the video here. ...
28 Jan Freestyle Digital Media at Slamdance 2019
Posted at 18:14h in News, Blog
Freestyle's VP of Operations, Bill Vergos, attended the Slamdance 2019 festival as a panelist and discussed new trends in film distribution. You can see the full panel discussion here: Freestyle Digital Media was also proud to sponsor the event: Bill Vergos, VP of Operations at Freestyle Digital...
24 Jan The Maestro Exclusive Trailer Premiere Honors the Legacy of Hollywood Composer Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
By: Karen Benardello Crafting the finest points in art and expression can often times demand unrelenting dedication, but the heightened emotions that are the driving force behind the job aren't always recognized. That's certainly the case for the talented Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, who was a highly skilled composer...
17 Jan 'Untogether' Exclusive Clip
1/17/2019 - by THR Staff Starring Jamie Dornan, Jemima Kirke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lola Kirke, Billy Crystal, Alice Eve, Jennifer Grey, and Scott Caan. Directed by Emma Forrest. Watch the trailer here....
11 Jan Jamie Dornan and Jemima Kirke's One-Night Stand Gets Complicated in 'Untogether' Trailer (Exclusive)
Jamie Dornan is back to having sex on the big screen, although not of the whips and chains variety. In Untogether, he plays a famed doctor and author, Nick, whose one-night stand with struggling writer and recovering addict Andrea (Girls' Jemima Kirke) gets messy when they...
10 Jan Comedy-Drama BROWN'S CANYON Debuts on VOD on January 29th
BROWN'S CANYON, the comedy-drama about five people at turning points in their lives, will debut on VOD and will be available to rent and own on digital HD across global internet and satellite platforms through Freestyle Digital Media on January 29, 2019. Freestyle Digital Media is the...
19 Dec Tyler Hoechlin & Julianne Hough Fitness Guru Pic 'Bigger' Stretches Out To Homes This Winter
EXCLUSIVE: Byron Allen's Freestyle Digital Media has announced that George Gallo's fitness pioneer pic Bigger about the Weider Brothers will hit all digital platforms and DVD on Jan. 15. Joe & Ben Weider were the architects of muscle. Against all odds, they launched a fitness empire that included the Mr. Olympia competition...
07 Dec LINDA PERRY NOMINATED FOR A GRAMMY FOR HER WORK ON SERVED LIKE A GIRL
The Grammy nominations are back, and they're (technically) bigger than ever. The Recording Academy has expanded the number of nominees in the awards' four major categories. Now, there are eight contenders each for Album of the Year, Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best New Artist,...
06 Dec THE BLOOMBERG 50: THE FUNNIEST MAN IN WEATHER
Settling into a chair at his Los Angeles headquarters for an interview that will last almost two hours, Allen turns on the TV to show off his new acquisition. He says he's not planning to make major changes to his trophy network, but he wouldn't...
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Facebook: Sherri-Lyn Croucamp
Meet Hvaldimir, the Whale That Plays Fetch
By Craig Raleigh | November 19, 2019
There is a beluga whale named Hvaldimir that was sighted near the North Pole. It plays fetch. Seriously.
Hvaldimir is the name of a beluga whale that has been referenced as an "escaped Russian spy whale." Right away, you've got to be skeptical. Yeah, we are too.
A crew of South African filmmakers in the process of filming a documentary was traveling the icy waters near the North Pole. They came across this startling discovery: a medium-sized beluga whale that was more than interested in a game of fetch.
Sherri-Lyn Croucamp posted the video to Facebook--though she does not take credit for it--and has since said that, in an update, "I have found out that this gorgeous whale is from near Norway and is named Hvaldimir. He has been referred to as the escaped "Russian spy whale." It is likely that Hvaldimir's training would have included being rewarded with food when retrieving objects."
So maybe there actually is some truth to the story? Others are familiar with the whale, reportedly residing near Hammerfest, a coastal area in northern Norway.
Now the concern is for a creature that may not have the capability to survive in the wild, thanks to acts by the Russian military. A friendly beluga whale isn't exactly a safe one.
You can't believe everything you see on social media, but this seems to be legit.
Here's the viral video:
UPDATE: I have found out that this gorgeous whale is from near Norway and is named Hvaldimir. He has been referred to as the escaped ?Russian spy whale?. It is likely that Hvaldimir?s training would have included being rewarded with food when retrieving objects.Hvaldemir is in need of assistance. Regina Crosby has been filming a documentary about his journey since summer. Unfortunately during filming she learned that he is in a lot of danger due to his location. The threats to him are heavy commercial fishing using large nets that he can drown in (which just started this month); incoming Killer Whales (that come into the fjords during the winter; and finally, the salmon farms are not happy to have him bothering their salmon. So someone could do possibly do harm to him if he is seen as a problem. She is very concerned, as are many of the local Norwegians who love him. She has been working with the locals and they have permission to move him, so recently she has reached out to environment groups to help move him to a pod of belugas, where he can hopefully be protected in a pod, and live in an area where there is no fishing or salmon farms, and he will be safe. She has enlisted whale experts as volunteers who are willing to help relocate him if they can find funding. She has been having a very hard time getting any help. The country of Norway has indicated they will not support it financially. If you are in a position to assist Regina with her quest to save Hvladimir please contact her https://www.facebook.com/reginacrosby or [email protected] or follow Instagram page @AdvocatesofHvaldimir.Playing fetch with a Beluga Whale as you do. How sweet is this?!The video is of a South African crew enjoying the company of a Beluga whale, while sailing near the North Pole. I did not take this video, nor do I know who took the video, but wanted to share an extraordinary moment caught on camera.
Posted by Sherri-Lyn Croucamp on Thursday, November 7, 2019
Why is there a lone beluga whale playing fetch with a rugby ball in Norwegian waters?
Croucamp has stated that filmmaker Regina Crosby has been at the forefront of the Hvaldimir Foundation, working with locals and other environmentalists to secure a move of the beluga whale to a pod of wild whales where he can be safe from fishing nets and salmon farmers.
She can be contacted on Facebook or by emailing [email protected] for those that would like to offer their assistance.
Here's hoping that Hvaldimir can make it safely to the open ocean to live his life as it was meant to be.
Looking for a little more? Follow my webpage, or on Facebook and Twitter.
NEXT: EXCAVATION IN GREENLAND REVEALS STARTLING THINGS ANCIENT HUNTERS HARVESTED FROM THE SEA


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Tag Archives: 2014 Ride
Central Anatolian Trek, or Büyük Anadolu Tür: Part 5
September 7, 2014 bytetime	Leave a comment
Day Four. Wednesday, 20 August. From campsite west of Bağlama to Altunhisar.
Contributed by Donna Landry
Asgar picks her way through the camping equipment
Today we left camp at 7:50 and headed for the hills – literally. First we came to Donkeyville, as we named it, in the foothills behind our camp. Here we met with our first fellow riders. Shepherds on donkeys came cantering to meet us from all directions. Their flocks were mainly of sheep, with a few goats. Their dogs, big yellow kangals or karabaş (black-head) guardian dogs, were quiet once the shepherds reassured them we were no threat. No, there was no water here, but there would be at a farmstead we could glimpse in the distance. We rode up to that farm and found stone troughs of various kinds for the sheep. The women there gave us permission to water the horses.
Behind that farmhouse we ascended a very steep and stony slope, not following any obvious track. We would go up and over the mountain to come down on the other side to find Çiftlik. If we were lucky there would be shepherds' paths along the way. If we were not, we would have to pick our way among the basalt boulders and stones and trust to the horses.
I'm told there was a hero of early twentieth-century British fiction known as 'Trackless Butterworth'. He travelled the most remote byways and hacked his way through jungles and crossed trackless wastes, cheerfully. Well, that would be us. There were no discernible sheep tracks where we ascended, or descended, for that matter. Yet the horses and the riders who dismounted for the steepest climbs found their footing readily in the rocky going. Some of us would have followed a contour, hoping for a track of some sort — on Dartmoor we would, and Jude said the same about Northumberland and Oregon — but Mehmet went straight up and down, giving us breath-taking views of the unfolding terraced countryside of small plantations, tree-lined stubble fields, and grazing flocks. Jude was delighted with Tuvana as a companion in mountaineering – 'I love this pony!'. Jean and Zenopya were at the side of Mehmet and Anadolu for much of the rock climbing.
Zenopya always got there in the end but she did not relish this stony going as much as Anadolu did. 'Zenopya was sometimes trembling', Jean said, as she found her footing.
We came down into small hill farms and crossed the highway to where elderly shepherds hailed us from groves of trees. No sooner had we crossed the road than our truck appeared, travelling towards Çiftlik for mid-day. We would have to follow the asphalt road to a certain extent to get through the pass to Çiftlik, but there was open country on at least one side of it. We ascended through the pass, the Şekkin Geçidi, at 1630 metres, and came down into the open plain of Çiftlik at 11:30. Zenopya led the charge at a swinging walk, taking a bead on the kamyonet and the prospect of refreshment.
20 August: Zenopya, eager for lunch (Ciftlik)
Terribly early for lunch, but what could we do? There were troughs to water the horses, and a friendly woman with a garden of willows adjacent to the plain with troughs let us tether the horses there where they could graze as well as eat their yonca. Women and children came to talk to us, small boys on donkeys and bikes buzzed around. Two officers of the Zabıta, a municipal police force, joined us under the truck canopy to enquire about our route. They were surprised by how we had come over the mountain. But there was no clear alternative or better route proposed, only discussion of a lake we did not pass, so it seems Mehmet had read the country pretty well.
Quickly downing our first menemen (scrambled eggs and peppers) – a treat for those new to Turkey and a mainstay of travellers – we set off again in an hour to climb the second pass in hopes of achieving a village on the other side of the Melendiz range before sundown.
Asgar and Donna after lunch near Çiftlik
Clouds came over as we began riding through Çiftlik and its outskirts. The breeze picked up. Jude wondered at the modern blocks of flats that seemed to belong to another economy from anything we had seen. Was there a mine or some other source of non-agricultural employment and prosperity here? Had people returning from working abroad built some of the newest modern houses and blocks of flats that looked like those ever expanding in Istanbul or Ankara's – or Kayseri's or Konya's — suburbs?
We passed a high school that advertised itself as one of 'many programmes' – Çök programları – and displayed a larger than life black-and-white portrait of Atatürk on horseback on the building's side. He was in the uniform of a cavalryman topped by the cylindrical sheepskin kalpak, and calling on all of us not to forget the martyrs. Here was a theme about national pride and equestrian self-image and the defence of the nation.
As we entered into fields and scrub on the very outskirts of the town, we asked people for directions to shepherding tracks, alternative routes. No, tackling the second pass, the Topakala Geçidi at 1980 metres, would mean skirting the asphalt road but we would be able to get through on one side or the other. Sure enough, we did find evidence of tracks and trails, many of them on both sides of the road, which we crossed whenever the going looked better over there. One track, clearer than the others, looked tempting but it turned away from our direction of travel. Could we trust that we could follow it and still remain on course? Jean and Donna read the country in the same way and weighed in against taking the tempting track, which could have led anywhere. Where it led might be wonderful. Nobody wants to stick to being in sight of a road if there are alternatives. Yet we did have an approximate destination in mind for the night, and we needed to get there. We needed to cover the country rapidly if possible. Since Jean is an experienced hiker and trekkist, as well as a horseman, and he had a keen eye for crossing a piece of country, his view carried particular weight. We opted not to experiment with wanderings by the way and to keep going as straight as we could.
Çiftlik to Altunhisar [Unclassified Tasnif Dişi, Harita Genel Komutanligi, Series 1501, 3rd edition, sheets NJ 36-7, 8, 11 (2003)
Zenopya and Jean find the way
The sun was once again a fiery furnace overhead. We picked our way through desert flora among the basalt stones, including thistles that looked like wild artichokes, according to Jude. Suddenly we emerged into the pass and on a downslope met with our trusty truck crew, brandishing water buckets and cold tins of ice tea. It was nearly 4. Never was such a sight more appreciated. They had refilled the truck's water supply back at the pump with troughs, and in this waterless place this was a blessing.
Tuvana and Jude wait for the others to catch up
Heading off across the road once again, we entered into a winding stream course and a much rockier terrain. We were successfully off the road but could we continue through this trappy country? Here farmers had built dry stone walls of basalt like the granite walls on Dartmoor hill farms. Some of them came down to meet the stream we were following. There were now small rocky fields with beef cattle in them above us to the right and west, between us and the road. Such enclosures are rare in Turkey where the fenceless openness of the country is one of the great advantages for riders. The only way forward appeared to be to take down some of the stones for the horses to cross and then rebuild the walls has they had been, as happens on Dartmoor. We did this twice, scrambling over and then stopping to replace the stones. Now spotting the cattle farmer's house in a small grove of poplars, we headed for this idyllic site.
We were in the rugged hill country of Taşlık, with not so much as a hamlet marked on the map. We were met and hailed by Ismet Bey and his extended family, including a grandmother who looked on in dignified silence, and the children Murat, Musa, Sema, and Berat, who fearlessly stroked the horses. There were stone yalaks brimming with water. When we were treated to glasses of fresh ayran on a sparkling tin tray, nothing could have been better. Rather than running us out of Dodge as cattle rustlers, since we had come from out of their own enclosed fields, Ismet's family welcomed us as the mad Evliya followers we were.
Crossing the highway from the farm gateway towards the southwest, we found ourselves in high grazing grounds with dairy cattle and a few sheep. A feel of the steppe gave way to a sandy track and the sandy track to a steep slope we slithered down. A shepherd in a car talking on his mobile phone got out to talk to us and accompanied us down the winding hill road to where a huge flock of goats was drinking at troughs. Although we protested that the horses did not need to drink then, since we had only left the cattle farm within the hour, he insisted on getting the boys to move the flock on from the toughs so the horses could drink unmolested.
Beyond the troughs an unpaved track extended in our direction. After the briefest of nose-dampings, the horses appeared ready and eager to move on. We trotted and cantered down the winding track, down, down, until we came to what appeared to be Altunhisar. The road surface was unpaved but still not ideal for going at speed, hard in places and softer and sandier in places. Not quite road-hammering, if the horses trotted within themselves. The collective pace, however, was at full extension for some, with some cantering. It was only just all right, given the surface. The need to make up time was always there as an excuse.
Entering a stone-built hillside village, where several of the houses had wooden cumbas, or upper-storey porches like deep bay windows extending over the street, we soon caught sight of our minibus, the more mobile of the two support vehicles. Mac was there to reassure us that we had a campsite in Altunhisar and should just continue down the hill through the village, which would have orchards and green spaces but nowhere to camp with the horses, until we came to the Hayvanlar bazaar, the livestock market, where we had permission to camp and stable the horses. The green village was Yeşilyürt, and it was indeed beautifully green, and had beautiful old stone houses where the women gathered to call out to us. One grandmother jovially offered, when we said we were riding to Istanbul, 'In that case, you had better get going!' This brought a laugh and much friendly waving as we moved on.
Idyllic orchards lush with grass, surrounded by stone walls, abutted farm courtyards, many of them built around flat-fronted two-storey stone houses. Soon we passed the old fortified caves carved into the cliff face that may have given Altunhisar the 'hisar' of its name. We were entering the modern world again. Near the bottom of the slope of the town we came to the Hayvanlar Pazarı, facing the football field where a few boys were playing in the dusk. Beyond that lay a park commemorating by name local martyrs of the Turkish government's war with the PKK, a militant Kurdish separatist party, a conflict ongoing since the 1980s and early 1990s until recent talks with the AK government have made an opening towards peace. It was 7:30 and getting dark as we ushered the horses into individual pens, watered and fed them, and put up the tents. Cars kept arriving, from a mayoral sedan to three different police cars with flashing lights, to enquire who and how we were. Having the market meant that they were required by custom to accommodate people travelling with animals, apparently, and they wanted to be reassured we would be moving on in the morning! Somehow a fire was lit and enough chicken barbequed to satisfy the hungry masses. The dogs of Altunhisar barked throughout the night. It was our first time camping within earshot of a town.
2014 RideAdventureÇiftlikBüyük Anadolu TürCentral Anatolian TrekDonna LandryEvliya Çelebi Way ProjectHorse RidingTurkey
Day Three. Tuesday, 19 August. Derinkuyu to west of Bağlama.
Donna on Titiz
This morning some of the farmworkers' children came to have a ride on the horses. The amiable Kelebek did sterling service as Ann led her round. We set off at 7:50, heading for new villages on the plain before planning to arrive somewhere in the foothills of the Melendiz range. When asking directions, we were headed towards Çiftlik, some 50 kilometres away. Wherever there are asphalt roads in Turkey, there is an assumption that travellers will want to make use of them. We had to keep asking for toprak yollar, dirt roads in American, assuring everybody we were in search of the old routes, the old ways and not the black-topped highways.
The first village today was very much an automotive stop near the highway, not very prepossessing in architecture or natural setting. Yet Ağacaşar was surprisingly welcoming. We watered the horses at a pump with a hose near a petrol station. Men gathered round to chat and help fill buckets for the horses to drink from. Boys on bicycles rode up. We said we were followers of Evliya Çelebi, taking to the road and following in his hoofprints to learn what we could from travelling as he had done. An old boy on a motorbike offered to escort us and show us the best way out-of-town to meet with a toprak yol. He was as good as his word, with the added advantage that he took us via his favourite teashop, where we could tether the horses and sit in the shade, drinking delicate little glasses of tea and checking in with the local men at their leisure. This was our first proper tea stop, one of the great pleasures of travelling in Turkey, especially by horse, which is indeed thirsty-making.
Soon we were on the road again, this time to Alay Köyu, which lay on the far side of many irrigated fields, some of yonca. We passed modern concrete houses that had been turned into farmsteads with chickens, geese, and beautiful cows. Once a heifer broke away from some women in a courtyard and bounded towards us, attracted by the horses. She was beautiful, a lovely pale pinky-brown with a dark nose like a Jersey cow, with a sweet expression of astonishment. She showed us her horns, then her heels, turning with a dash and bounding back towards the courtyard. Not far on, a herd of cattle, including a bull, turned and began crossing a field in our direction, gathering speed. The cowherd was quickly to the fore, however, and turned his cattle back, waving his stick and halloing. A few paces on, his dogs were lying at their ease in the shade.
At a small house by the track, a woman with a small boy came out and walked beside us, cautioning that there were pesticides in the fields and not to let the horses graze the verges there. Was this an omen of things to come?
A few fields later, men were cutting up the carcase of a cow they said had been poisoned by pesticides. We rode on, feeling uneasy at this accumulating evidence of modern agribusiness going wrong, or of people's lack of understanding of how to make use of chemical pesticides, and no doubt, herbicides and fertilizers, safely. We came into Alay, heading for the main square, accompanied by the geese who often serve as early warning systems in villages without many dogs. The tea shop was in a modern range of low shops with a chemist, bordering a small green space lined with willows and poplars that provided some shade. Opposite it was the mosque, with a public lavatory that was spotlessly clean. Nearby were a stationers' shop and two small restaurants. Soon a crowd had gathered to see the horses and Ercihan was in full public-speaking mode. He told them about Evliya, and how important it was for them to connect with their Ottoman equestrian heritage. Some questioned this, suggesting that where there were poverty and unemployment, there was a need for food on the table not Ottoman horse history. As our truck arrived with water buckets for the horses, so did an invitation from a restaurant owner to give us lunch. At the Alay Pide Salonu we feasted on wood-fired-oven roasted peppers, tomatoes, and chicken wings, kuşbaşılı pide ('birds' heads' Turkish pizza, with small chopped morsels of meat), spicy ezme (salsa-like) and yoghurt, washed down with ayran, the yoghurt drink.
When the jandarma arrived to check our passports just as we were mounting up, they were, as usual, friendly and interested in the horses. But an unfortunate incident was about to occur. These things happen in Turkey, too.
After walking through Alay with the horses, we mounted up, escorted by kids on bicycles and dirt-bike scooters. There were muddy streets to cross, shambolic yards, modern concrete houses serving as smallholdings, sometimes with geese and other livestock. It was as if people had moved from their picturesque stone villages to this ugly modern and functionalist one, and many were now both landless and unemployed. The large gathering of young men hanging out near the tea shop suggested that prime minister, now president, Erdoğan's advice to families to have at least three children was reaping its fruits.
With Jude leading the ride on Anadolu, we continued on across fields keeping the highway in view since our direction was the town of Bağlama that lay along it. We met up with the support crew by the roadside and learned that our destination was a campsite near trees in the far distance at the base of the Melendiz range. After crossing the highway we tracked across a stony plain marked with cairns and dry watercourses. We had left modern farming behind, for now, and entered the land of hill shepherds.
Asgar and Donna, Tuvana and Ahmet
We entered camp at about 4pm. Again it rained on us just after we had set up camp, but cleared up before sundown. The site was beautiful, in a tree-shaded stubble field, and had everything one could wish for except a water source. Yunus Emre and Mevlut prepared a delicious turnip stew. Even habitual meat-eaters praised it, though they questioned privately why we had had vegetarian rations two nights running. There was another splendid campfire. Plans were made for Ince Mehmet to lead the ride the next day on Anadolu, for Jude to ride Tuvana for a change, for Ahmet 2 to ride Zorlu so that we should not have a yedek as we crossed the mountains.
2014 RideAdventureBüyük Anadolu TürCentral Anatolian TrekDonna LandryEvliya ÇelebiEvliya Çelebi Way ProjectHorse RidingTurkey
Day Two. Monday, 18 August. Ibrahimpaşa to Derinkuyu.
We set off as agreed at 7:30 towards the underground city of Derinkuyu. Soon we would be out of familiar territory and exploring new paths far from the tourist trail. As we left Cappadocia behind, we had a fine view of Mount Erciyes and the rising sun on our left to the east, and then at our backs. This great mountain, together with Hasan Dağ, part of the Melendiz Range to which we were heading, and which is said to be the primary donor of today's tufa, produced the volcanic landscape through which we were riding.
Our first taste of remote modern Turkey came with the town of Kavak Kasabası ('Poplar Smalltown'), a place of many cave-depots for cold storage of fruits and vegetables. Lemons and potatoes were especially featured, the lemons coming up from Mersin, the potatoes locally grown. Where there are natural caves and small hills from which warehouses can be hollowed out, it is possible to retain an even cool temperature, especially if air shafts are attached. We skirted small forests of these, feeling acutely we were on the verge of industrial farming for the first time. Where fruit had been trucked in and deposited, much of the packaging was lying waste in colourful piles. The scent of fermenting lemons was pungent.
It occurred to me that both outgoing Gül and his AK successor, Erdoğan, ought to see more of what we were seeing as we were seeing it. If they couldn't ride horses, they could ride quad bikes. The çöp, or refuse, problem in Turkey is endemic and growing exponentially with economic development, especially beyond the reach of tourist buses. It seems beyond the current capacities of villagers themselves to deal with the accumulation of plastic alone. Perhaps this could be a development supported by the Gates-funded project – which is about educating and skilling people. The libraries involved could help to mobilise municipalities and smaller communities to tackle waste collection and disposal. Education in recycling of plastics and other non-traditional materials could lead to new business and employment opportunities. Cleaning up the countryside from the intensifying littering and dumping would benefit local people. We were not the only ones to notice differences amongst places, places people took pride in and looked after, and places where the environment seemed neglected and the people alienated from it. The current government has not taken much action that could be called environmentally sensitive, favouring big infrastructural projects such as dams, bridges, and tunnels without much, if any, environmental or ecological consultation or assessment. Yet if these questions are not addressed, there are always consequences in the long-term. There can even be a backlash. How soon before tourists stop coming to litter-spoiled places? How soon before water contamination and maximal extraction-exhaustion become major problems for Turkey?
Such thoughts were fleeting as we rode high in the hills, looking down on Güvenlik and Kaymaklı, passing between large cultivated fields of pumpkins, squash, potatoes, green beans, barley, and wheat. The pumpkins were particularly surprising to see in such quantities, especially since they look exactly like Ottoman turbans as pictured in so many old miniatures. These fields were irrigated with underground systems and sprinklers. The older network of roadside fountains and troughs for watering grazing herds was nowhere to be seen.
Thus began the theme of the search for water in a land famous for its freshly flowing snow-melt- and spring-fed rivers and streams. There has been a drought in Turkey this year. After a mild winter, limiting the snow accumulation, and a late frost that killed early sprouting crops and flowering fruit trees, the modern irrigation systems were also taking their toll. We passed dry, disused çeşmes. The upside was that the irrigation systems sometimes include beside their pumps rectangular storage tanks like David Hockney's blue swimming pools. The horses could drink from these or from the inevitable plastic buckets left lying about. We made several stops of this kind, for the horses to drink and graze, and for us to consume a few cucumbers or tomatoes from the small market gardens usually surrounding such a pumping station.
Eventually we came to higher country with cattle, more trees, some orchards, and grand views over the valley of Derinkuyu. Here there were farmsteads from which we were hailed by women in bright headscarves and asked where we were coming from and where we were going. A couple pruning their apricot and walnut trees gave us directions. Kelebek took this opportunity of our pausing for a chat to attempt to roll but didn't get very far, as Ann got her up instantly, clinging on even when jolted in front of the saddle and then back again. (Zorlu had had a go a couple of hours earlier on a sandy track, tipping her hand to Jude that she would give no warning if she saw a desirable place to get down and dirty in.) Those who like eating sunflower seeds were given whole sunflower heads to sample as they rode along. Ercihan and Susan were experts at this game. And since we hadn't taken much food with us, still novices as to what and how much to carry for the day . . .
As we came down towards the plains below, we skirted migrant worker camps. There was a huge one for Syrian refugees, with scores of tents and vehicles covering a treeless hillside. The dry and rocky steppe gave way to fertile fields on a vast plain. Were these among the luckier refugees, to be able to earn a pittance by working in the fields during harvest time?
After passing more fields of lushly watered crops, including delectable looking green beans, we came to our campsite on a market gardening farm on the plain. It was 3:30 by now, after 8 hours in the saddle, and had begun to cloud over.
We had mainly walked, trotted only intermittently, and had one longish fast canter. This was the plan. We were in training for endurance. Although the horses were already fit, we would condition them further by slowly increasing the amount of faster work they did incrementally, day by day. We hoped this would coincide with the temperatures dropping as August became September. Of course our speed would also depend on the nature of the terrain.
The horses were turned out to roll and graze and eat yonca. Storm clouds blackened suddenly, and we had just enough time to cover our saddles and baggage with tarpaulins before the deluge, and take shelter under the truck canopy. Soon a rainbow appeared. We dined that night on taze fasulye, the green beans we had coveted, and drank Turkish red wine by the campfire for the first time.
2014 RideAdventureBüyük Anadolu TürCentral Anatolian TrekDonna LandryEvliya Çelebi Way ProjectHorse RidingTurkey
Day Five. Thursday, 21 August, 2014. From Altunhisar to Zengen.
We set forth at 7:40 from the cattle market, basking in the morning cool, and wound the rest of the way down the town's streets until we came to the main road and crossed it to ride across the tarla, the surrounding fields. Again we were cheered by women in headscarves. The fields were mainly of stubble, though we did pass some with melons that seemed to have passed their peak on the vine. Would they be harvested, and if so, when?
Map Altunhisar to Oymali big picture
Eight kilometres from Altunhisar on the way to Bayat we came into dried wetlands. We were crossing a dried water meadow where a small flock of sheep were grazing among the reed beds. The shepherd kindly let us water the horses from his troughs. Crossing this huge common, and noting the holes made by the susluk, the Anatolian ground squirrel, we came upon another, this time huge, flock of sheep led by a beautiful donkey with the biggest ears you have ever seen. The common was now overlaid with concrete water courses which had to be crossed. Kelebek, as the yedek today because there had been a slight swelling near her girth, probably from an insect bite found that morning, helicoptered over the concrete trench. She thrust herself high in the air, as if levitating, or being a fired rocket, legs dangling down, as she went over it. No question of jumping it according to any conventional style.
Open grassy spaces have an exhilarating effect on many horses, and riders know this. Jigging and jog-trotting and little curvets at canter are invitations to gallop. But this going was not very suitable for it. Too many holes and hidden water courses with soft going, not to mean scattered flocks of sheep. Now ponying Kelebek was Jean, who instinctively took Zenopya and the yedek out to one side at a steady walk, away from the mincing Anadolu and her wannabe side-kick Zorlu. Pursuing a different but parallel line put an end to competition. Jean was thinking like a horseman. Things settled down immediately.
Along the road there were hedge-banks made of dried dung cakes piled onto saplings. This was new to me. Many were beginning to sprout, creating a living hedge plus bank. This might explain the row of veteran trees, poplars that had been felled and left in place, their jagged roots thrusting skyward on the roadside. Running alongside a low-slung industrial warehouse-style building that was unmarked, this could have been another hedge-bank in the making, replacing the avenue of trees to secure an enclosure.
Eight kilometres further on, we came to Bayat. We passed a modern block of flats with a banner campaigning for Erdoğan and the AK, in counterpoint to graffiti for the MHP, the Turkish Nationalist party, scrawled on an electrical junction box we had passed earlier in the morning. Bayat has a very clean-swept meydan, or town square, with a tea shop opposite the mosque. The only shade lies along the wall of the cemetery to the side of the tea shop. That was where we tethered the horses. Our truck arrived just as fetching water for them began to seem really urgent, and the desire for tea for ourselves scarcely less so. In the tea shop the route was discussed and maps produced. The friendly proprietor, who looked like a frontier desperado with long hair and a moustache, gave us tea after cold bottles of soda water. The kind-faced muhtar made suggestions about routes. There were disagreements about how to read a map in relation to where we were and where we wanted to go. Once it was clear that most of us at least knew which direction Kayseri was in, where we had come from, and where we wanted to go, heading towards the Karaca Dağ mountainous park where there were reputedly herds of feral horses, we mounted up again and set forth.
Map Altunhisar to Oymali detailed
This time we would actually have an encampment and a rest during the hottest part of the day before riding on in the late afternoon to our proper campsite. While the horses rested, Mehmet would go scouting on the motorbike to find a really good campsite for the night. We headed for Çukurkuyu for the mid-day stop. There we were hosted by cattle farmers who lent us the use of several tree-lined ploughed fields, perfect for our purposes. The not-actually-electrified-tape corral went up, and we and the horses all had shade if we wished. Some people slept, some wrote in their journals, some practiced their Turkish, some had showers at the kamyonet for the first time.
After lunch and Mehmet's return, it was time to saddle up. Something told me that there might be some fast work ahead: perhaps it was the prospect of riding into the cool of evening. I took my stirrups up a notch just in case. Riding across a desertified plain in the dazzling sunset we did indeed trot and canter on. The fifteen or twenty kilometres that could have taken 2 or 3 hours at a more casual pace we did in less than an hour. The horses arrived at camp still full of go. We managed to walk the last stretch; nobody was sweating.
At the edge of Zengen was a green place, a well watered glade next to a stone reservoir pool with stone troughs, and beyond that the cemetery and an ancient hüyük, or earthmound. In the cemetery were some very old gravestones in the rough-cut Selcuk style and an assortment of nineteenth-century and more recent graves. There was one, perhaps for a dervish, with a white stone-carved turban traced with lacy orange lichen that was so warm to the touch it felt alive. Later an eloquent young woman with long black hair, a teacher, came with some children when it was unfortunately already too dark for them to see the horses, and told us that the hüyük was indeed both ancient and unexcavated, as far as she knew. The town had once been called Zengin ('rich') but was now known as Zengen, which doesn't mean anything, it's just a name. She told us that there were indeed feral horses at Karaca Dağ, but 'az', a few, not so many as there once were. This suggested that culling of some sort had taken place, a move applauded by Jude, who knows all about the probable fate of many mustangs in America today now that culling is banned and the population is growing in unsustainable ways.
It was fully dark now, and route planning by maps was coming to an end. Then Ahmet 1 arrived from Akhal Teke with Mac and Erdinç. He would lead the ride, freeing up Mehmet to drive the truck and scout the territory for camping. Further map consultations ensued. Jean's compass would be put to use for sure. Those of us returning to Avanos that night departed, regretting that being on the road with horses was for us now coming to an end. The extreme heat had done its work. Ride 'em, covboy, but let the horses find the way, was all we could say. After five days it was clear that, as Jude might put it, it wasn't anybody's first rodeo.
September 7, 2014 bytetime	2 Comments
Day One. Sunday, 17 August. Avanos to Ibrahimpaşa.
Starting out on an expedition is always nerve-wracking. In Turkey it is also always late, or at least several hours later than it might have been. And in mid-August, every delay means the sun is higher and hotter in the cloudless blue.
Asgar and Kelebek waiting for things to start
Today's getaway was complicated by the coincidence of another riding tour heading out from the ranch, the popular Cappadocia Highlights, which drew riders from the riding holiday companies In the Saddle (UK) and Equitours (USA). We would set off together, take different routes, and meet again at lunchtime near the White Valley. Climbing up into the hills above Avanos, heading westward before turning south across the river, we caught glimpses of each other when we stopped to water the horses.
Anadolu finds some shade
It was morning still but already the heat was making its presence felt. Once across the river by the western-most Avanos bridge, we entered the badlands, looking out for shade and water as we went. After a quarry or two – everywhere in Turkey there seem to be quarries, for road-building, construction, tile-making — we headed through narrow defiles, following small water courses that cut their way through the volcanic tufa that gives the area its distinctive features. A big black jack donkey was tethered by a stream. He couldn't believe his luck that so many mares were passing and worked himself into a powerful braying fit. The mares, however, took no notice and walked sedately on.
We came upon a Turkish couple with their vehicle parked near a spring, enjoying that simplest of pleasures, sharing a patch of shade under a rocky cliff and cool spring water. A rabbit bounded across our path. Clouds shrouded the sun, briefly.
We hit an undulating chalky track across country – perfect for a pipe-opener. What began as a canter turned swiftly into a gallop as was likely to happen with horses that had been in training and fed to prime fitness. Now we would see how well we could all travel at speed. I was pleased that Aşgar listened, coming back to me when asked, and steadying into a good hunting pace. While the leaders disappeared over a rise, we carried on freely, the reins light in hand. Then on the next downhill we increased our speed, to feel what we could do. She flew. She neither pulled nor took a strong hold. All her paces were elastic and comfortable, and galloping flat-out was as smooth as a river flowing. She was unfussed by being seemingly alone with me in that fantastic landscape. When we caught up with the others and the dust had settled, the sun once again blazing overhead, I was confident that we would go well together over whatever terrain and at whatever pace was required.
We skirted Göreme just after Turkish mid-day (yarim: 12:30), crossing two roads and passing a roadside restaurant, where we turned to trot along the tree-lined sandy track of the Zemi Valley near the El Nazar Kilisesi (church). After a mile we turned into a shady glade where the horses could graze in the undergrowth. This first lunch stop was hosted by our expedition crew of Yunus Emre, Mevlut, and Ahmet 2 ('CanCan', JonJon), and we were eventually joined by the Cappadocia Highlights riders, led by Ahmet 1 and Raphaëlle Lachèze. There was much interest amongst the group in Mac's forthcoming book about the outgoing Turkish president, Abdullah Gül, who was born on Turkish Independence Day in 1950, the first year that there were multiparty elections. His is a Midnight's Children story. His family origins lie in Kayseri, one of the 'Anatolian Tiger' towns of Turkey's economic boom and conservative reform movement, but also include summer holidays in Izmir, a secular Aegean stronghold. Gül studied and learned English in England, got a PhD in economics in Turkey, was an academic economist in Turkey and then an Islamic banker in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, before becoming caught up in Turkish politics as an MP for Kayseri, eventually a representative to the Council of Europe, briefly Prime Minister for the ruling AK party, and then President. Abdullah Gül and the Making of the New Turkey (Oneworld, 2014) traces the fortunes of how Gül's and his party's rise to power has brought about a seismic shift in the distribution of wealth and political clout, for the first time tilting towards benefiting the inhabitants of the Anatolian heartland though which we were riding. What might we learn from observing the effects of these policies?
After a late lunch of meze and a tomatoey pasta dish in the shade, topped off by watermelon, we set off when shadows were beginning to lengthen to ride through the spectacular White Valley and on to Ortahisar en route to our designated campsite at Ibrahimpaşa. Accompanied by shadow horses and riders in silhouette against the white tufa cones and phalluses, we scaled heights to peer into immaculate vineyards and small cultivated fields. Here we had glimpses once again of the unspoiled Cappadocia of 20 years ago, when Mac and I first came to ride here.
We clattered into Ortahisar as the sun was turning to that golden hour when the local stone glows with the fading heat of the day. Watering the horses at a çeşme, a fountain with a yalak, an attached trough, we savoured freshly squeezed orange and grapefruit juice from the village square, and bought dried fruit, apricots and figs, to carry in our saddle bags. Turkish horses love fruit in any form. I wished I had bought at least half a kilo when I saw how eager Aşgar was to help me devour the kayısı and incur.
Passing flat-fronted and sometimes flat-roofed stone houses, a style we would continue to see in remote villages on subsequent days, and which in Cappadocia is acknowledged to be 'Greek', we swept downhill through Ortahisar and then along until we rounded the turn to glimpse Ibrahimpaşa, another but much smaller stone-built village, seemingly carved from the tufa, clinging to its own cliffside in the gathering dusk. We didn't know it yet but this campsite would not be so much camping as glamping.
We were to stay at the small ranch of 'Bombacı' Adem Bey, a fellow horselover, near his and his wife's Babayan Evi hotel and restaurant. A clean sandy corral for the horses where they could relish their beautiful yonca, alfalfa hay, and their high protein muesli mix from Zeytinoğlu Yem. And a cave house with guest rooms and an outdoor dining table for us. The meal was fantastic, prepared by Adem's wife, a noted chef. There were even squash flowers, a rare delicacy, as well as fresh vegetables and fruit, and two delicious meat stews, one of cumin-laced lamb and one of beef with chick peas. The arduousness of actually camping was yet to come.
Evliya Çelebi Way Project, 2014 Ride, Part 5
21 t0 26 August
Contributed by Gerald Maclean
Mac with Titiz – KTP T-Shirts
It is now the 21st and I am back in Avanos at the ranch having decided that the heat on the road really was way too much for me, even in the relative shade of the minibus cab with occasional a/c and regular cross ventilation when there was a breeze outside. Yesterday at about 2:00pm while we were parked in the shade on the edge of Altunhisar, I noticed that the temperature was 42 celsius. So when Erdinç showed up at camp that evening and plans were being made, I begged a ride back to the relative cool of Avanos and the ranch. Even here in the relative cool right by the Kızılırmak river, temperatures are only dropping below 30 after dark.
I spend most of the day rather glumly drinking as much water as I can while sitting in a comfy armchair in Ercihan's private cabin at the ranch. In the evening, a wedding is being held in the garden restaurant at the ranch. The music is frightfully loud, so when Donna phones from camp, I can barely hear what she is saying over the broken and crackling connection. Erdinç and I drive to meet the ride in evening camp outside a village called Zengen. We have borrowed a pickup truck and are carrying various supplies. By road, Zengen is just over two-hours drive from Avanos, but in a day or two the ride will have moved deep into the Konya plain and beyond daily reach from the ranch. When we arrive at camp, we find that Yunus has set up a rakı sofrası for the evening meal, that traditional collection of dishes to be snacked on while drinking the aniseed-flavoured spirit that some confuse with ouzo and arak. On the table here is white melon, yellow and white cheeses, olives green and black, a green salad of roka (rocket or arugula) and chopped tomatoes, and in the kitchen a pot of kuru fasuliye, dried white beans stewed up with tomatoes, onions and small pieces of lamb. But all too soon it is time to say farewell, to wish the riders luck with the rest of the journey, and to load Donna's bag into the pickup. I fail to stay awake on the drive back to Avanos.
21-25 August
We find seats back to Heathrow for the 26th, and spend the intervening days trying to make ourselves as useful as possible. Donna helps Raphaëlle train the young horses that have recently arrived on which she will be taking customers riding later in September and through October. Disconnected reports come in from the riders; all are enjoying themselves, though the going continues slower than can be maintained. We hear they made only 15 kilometres one day. Plans for cutting the route and finding a lorry to move the horses ahead are in the making.
Mac and Donna with Titiz – KTP T-Shirts
2014 RideAdventureEvliya Çelebi Way ProjectGerald MacleanHorse RidingTravelTurkey
Evliya Çelebi Way Project: 2014 Ride, Part 4
Breakfast this morning was rather gloomy, but the riders were keen to set off in good time.
20 August: Riders eager to get going across the Melendiz Foothills from Baglama Camp
20 August: Nearly ready to set off from Bağlama camp
Today's first logistical problem for the riders involved finding the best ways to cross through a saddle in the Melendiz foothills. In the event, the consequent slow-going as the horses made their way along stony tracks either side of the road, often requiring the riders to walk on foot, raised new challenges; not to mention the question of how much further horses and riders could manage in a single day given the heat and rocky going.
20 August: Bağlama camp to Altunhisar via Ciftlik [Unclassified Tasnif Dişi, Harita Genel Komutanligi, Series 1501, 3rd edition, sheets NJ 36-7, 8, 11 (2003)
Even for the motorized vehicles, the going was slow, largely because the kamyonet was only ever at best delicately balanced given the weight of the water and heavy sacks of horse-feed stored on the roof rack. Following in the minibus, I seldom needed a gear higher than second on the steep and curvy mountain road. Once we dropped down to the plain before Çiftlik, a local shepherd led us to a water pump in a rather dirty flat area by the side of the road. Once they came over the ridge, the riders could not fail to see us.
20 August: Parked by a water pump outside Çiftlik
We loaded water while Fadime washed breakfast dishes and Yunus made lunch. Then we waited with our eyes on the horizon over which the riders would be appearing.
20 August: Outside Çiftlik looking towards the pass for the riders
20 August: Riders first sighted arriving outside Çiftlik
20 August: Riders arriving outside Çiftlik
20 August: Zenopya, eager for lunch (Çiftlik)
After lunch the riders set off again, though earlier plans to reach a camp beyond Altunhisar were quickly abandoned given the slow going.
20 August: Saddle time after lunch, outside Çiftlik
20 August: Susan and Donna share a joke, leaving Çiftlik
So after packing up, we set off for Altunhisar where we would wait for news from the riders when they had a sense of how far they could get. Along the way, we met up with them by the side of the road. It was hot. The going had been even steeper with rougher ground to cover than the morning ride across the foothills had been.
20 August: Donna, Ann and Jude (with Tuvana) pick their way down a rough hillside, en route to Altunhisar
20 August: Ahmet (Can Can) and Zorlu ready for a walk, en route to Altunhisar
20 August: Stopping for a break, en route to Altunhisar
With no clear idea of how far the horses and riders would be able to manage, waiting for a phone call when we might have been setting up camp was peculiarly frustrating. It was not until after 6:00pm that the riders managed to find a phone signal and let us know that after heavy going they were approaching the village of Yesilyürt, on the edge of Altunhisar municipality. Ikinci and I promptly set off in the minibus for Yesilyürt, in hopes of spotting a suitable camp site close by. Along the way we spotted a number of suitable fields, but the kamyonet would never manage the steep and tight access points. On arrival in Yesilyürt in advance of the horses, locals told us of a football field with some grassy edges and a water source. But alas, we next learned that the muhktar – the local head-man whose permission would be necessary to camp within the village domains – was off in the mountains somewhere. So we swiftly back-tracked across the municipal border into Altunhisar where, on the edge of town, we spotted a cattle market where there were stalls for the horses, a dry flat area for tents, water, and even toilets (of the kind that require bravery, agility, and a strong stomach). This was by no means an ideal spot, but given the late hour and fact the horses had been working for more than ten hours, finding somewhere better as the night came on seemed too risky a bet.
We sped back to Yesilyürt just in time to meet the horses and riders. After such a long, hot day for everyone, the meeting was a great relief to all. Ikinci took over Mehmet's horse and led the riders to the cattle market, about 3 kilometres down hill, while I drove Mehmet to the proposed site, for his approval, and then to pick up the kamyonet and rest of the support team.
I have never been able to confirm this, but Ercihan has always insisted that there are presumptive rights for equestrian travellers in Turkey. While a village muhktar has the authority to move on anyone he considers a threat to village life, I have been led to believe, the authorities in charge of the larger regional unit of a municipality (belediye) are obliged to allow equestrian travellers water and a resting place (on the understanding that they will move on). Such has always seemed to be the case when travelling with horses in Turkey, and I am reminded of the regulations governing camping on Dartmoor in England, where it is ok to 'bivouac' (ie put up a tent and stop anywhere but only for one night) but not to 'camp' (ie putting up a tent and settling in for longer).
But there was one (minor) disaster waiting to happen. Having dropped Mehmet off to pick up the kamyonet, I managed to blow the back tyre on the minibus, right in front of the regional police headquarters of course, moments after setting off for the cattle market. Mevlut was with me, together with all the rider's bags and groceries for tonight's dinner. It was after 7:00pm and growing dark. Barely had the noise of the tyre blowing faded when a friendly chap pulled up and insisted on phoning his friend, a lastikci or tyre-fixer. Mevlut, eager to show his mettle, insisted that since we had a spare, he could take care of things unassisted and promptly set about throwing all the backpacks from the back of the minivan onto the dusty road into order to get to the tools. The crowd that gathered to watch him was, given the time of evening, seldom more than four or five men of a certain age, all of them seeming experts in how to change tyres with constant streams of advice to inflict upon Mevlut, who was soon sweating profusely from the effort of removing the lug-nuts. The lastikci showed up on his motor cycle with tools, but before I could say anything Mevlut insisted once again that he could manage, so with what was clearly a knowing-grin, the lastikci rode off with a friendly wave.
Once the blown tyre was successfully off, the challenge of removing the spare tyre from underneath the back of the minibus began. It was close to 7:30pm by now, and I was sure that I was being cursed by the riders for delaying the arrival of their kit, and by Yunus for delaying the arrival of groceries for tonight's dinner (barbecued chicken). Anyone reading this who knows about Mercedes minibuses will be able to anticipate some of what was about to take place. Shamed and embarrassed, Mevlut eventually gave up trying to free the spare from under the minibus, after only about 20 minutes of sweating in the dust. I tried to reassure myself that this would all make a funny story one day; though it didn't seem entirely comical at the time. As if on cue, Ikinci showed up on the motorbike to take over, sending Mevlut off with the bags of food for dinner.
The prospect of calling the lastikci back continued to prove offensive; manhood was at stake, could I not understand? So for the next half hour, Ikinci began his ordeal of grovelling in the dust beneath the minibus, kicking and banging, sometimes coming up to reassure himself once more that there was no access to the tyre from inside the back of the minibus—the area was too well sealed off. At around 8:00pm, a policeman came over from the offices and discussed the problem. He announced that a friend of his was a Mercedes mechanic, and a phone call was promptly made. There is, we learned, a 'dingel' (I have no idea what to call it except the vernacular Turkish that was being used) that you have to stick into a hole, located somewhere near the back fender, to release the tyre. Otherwise it would never come off! Enlightened, Ikinci set about looking for a suitable hole and a dingel. Various holes were found, but nowhere could this instrument be found, so he asked the policeman to call his friend back and ask if he would mind coming over to help. This produced a roar of laughter from the policeman: 'My friend lives in Kayseri' (only a few hundred kilometers away), he retorted in good form.
So eventually the lastikci was called back and he promptly identified the dingel as the metal rod that had, all along, been lying next to the spare tyre, and identified the right hole for inserting and turning. The tyre dropped; Ikinci bolted it in place; I repacked the luggage, and we headed for the cattle market camp. As we set off, the display in front of the police station told us the temperature had dropped to 32 celsius.
By the time we reached camp, the chicken was just about ready, tents were going up, and the riders happy enough with cold drinks and not too worried about their luggage for the moment. As always, numerous local notables had shown up to admire the horses and find out what we were doing; for the local police, we were the only show in town and the best relief from the boredom of driving around scaring young boys from getting into too much trouble. The lastikci was there too, ebullient and cheerful as he regaled anyone who would listen with the tale of how, in a moment, he had solved a problem that had thwarted Mevlut and Ikinci. Sometimes being a daft and ignorant foreigner has its advantages in this world of competitive manliness.
After dinner, Erdinç arrived from the Akhal Teke ranch in Avanos with the new camping beds. Plans were made for the future. Clearly the going was rougher and slower than anticipated, and there were some nominal deadlines – a new rider was joining the expedition on 7 September in Kütahya, and the horses were needed back in Avanos for October rides. With the recently augmented crew, it was figured that the riders should set out first thing and stop before the worst mid-day heat, which tended to set in around 1:00pm, and meet up with the support team. Mehmet would then set off on the motorbike to scout out a suitable and nearby campsite a couple of hours ride away, then return to lead the riders when they set off again in the cool of evening.
2014 RideAdventureEvliya Çelebi Way ProjectGerald MacleanHorse RidingTurkey
18 to 20 August
Contributed by Gerald Maclean.
First, a few notes from my notebook—of course I couldn't scrawl in my favourite red, which I find more legible when reading it later, but managed to read the blue scribble reminding me to comment on a couple of things.
On the 17th, shortly after the riders had set out, I made a note that on too many occasions before leaving England I had felt the need to explain to well-wishers that the trip was not 'going on holiday,' though there were three similarities: it was expensive, unpaid, and fun. Three legs are enough to balance a milking stool, so perhaps three common features make this a holiday. But it also has often been, and will continue to be, something other than holiday fun, though not strictly 'work'; for Donna and myself this has so far mostly involved adding international prestige in face-to-face meetings with suppliers, municipal authorities, and, more recently, introducing horses and riders as they arrive. None of these activities amount to 'work' of course, but there are times when even welcoming local and inquisitive guests just when it is time to relax, watch the sunset and catch up on the day's events can feel a bit like attending a diplomatic summit as we explain ourselves and our aims once again. But the sunsets always make it worth while!
Evening Camp – Entertaining Local Dignitaries
On the 17th I also noted down that over dinner we recalled the 'worst things' that can happen on such expeditions. In the five years of its operation, the 'Great Anatolian Ride' – as the Evliya Çelebi Way is marketed by Akhal-Teke – has had only two serious episodes of horses escaping and running away. There was, in 2009, the occasion on the penultimate day of the ride, before the support vehicle was 'arrested' (as reported on the 2009 Hoofprinting Blog. Most commonly, problems have involved the supply vehicle getting stuck or breaking down. Since I would have the ambiguous position of driving the minibus (like the small motorbike, needed in case of emergencies and occasions when the kamyonet was unsuitable because of terrain and inadequate speed), I would be in the thick of mechanical and other problems for many of which I can be of no use. In 2009, following a bloody foot injury that prevented me getting my riding boots on, I had accompanied the support team for the final ten days. So I had a pretty good idea of the many kinds of logistical and other crises that were largely hidden from riders.
I also made a note to myself to comment here on a question much in my mind regarding Evliya, but also about travel writing in different languages and from different cultural perspectives more generally. Surely everyone who has travelled in a group of like-minded strangers knows there are various things travel writers invariably must leave out for reasons legal or personal. In terms of reading between the lines of Evliya's The Book of Travels , I am not alone in being pretty certain that there are things he does not tell us about. Certainly his sexuality is titillatingly ambiguous at best – he never married or reports heterosexual relations of any kind; he tells us he was clean shaven when such a thing was relatively uncommon and ambiguous at best; he admires the boys who frequent hamams or bath houses in various cities comparatively, distinguishing those who are there to be looked at and admired aesthetically, and those who advertised their sexual availability. As I commented earlier, Evliya several times protested rather too loudly that he never partook of any of the intoxicants forbidden by religious law which he nevertheless served to his friends at various times: these included coffee as well as opium and a range of hallucinogens.
On the 2009 Ride, for example, I made a list of such events as they took place, things that happened but are better left unmentioned for what we might call legal reasons, and I find it was quite short: mostly occasions when we drove faster than local speed limits, and when local officials who visited us drank alcohol. Once we arrived at camp, having been reported 'lost' in a mountainside forest, to find a number of men in uniforms of the forestry service and jandarma corps. It was later observed: 'They hassle us on the way, but are happy enough to drink our rakı!'
The first full day of the Ride went perfectly as Ercihan led the riders through the magnificent volcanic landscapes from camp outside Ibrahimpaşa to a spot just south of Derinkuyu, famous for the nearby 'underground city'. By 10am, those of us in the support team had arrived at the proposed site and met the local contact who directed us to a water supply amidst fields of green beans and a field of straw stubble with some trees that was perfect for horses and tents.
18 August Mehmet and Ahmet setting up first camp outside Derinkuyu
Apart from myself, Mehmet – who was driving the kamyonet – was the only member of the support team who had previously made this kind of expedition as part of the Evliya Çelebi Way Project support team. Ahmet – known as 'Can-Can' (which in Turkish sounds like 'John-John' but means something along the lines of 'life-life') – is one of the hands from the ranch, and came along to help take care of the horses when in camp. Yunus, from Kayseri, and Mevlut, from Ağrı in the far distant north east, are both students in the sports science programme at Nevsehir University. Neither have had previous experience with horses but they are young, energetic and keen. Yunus, tasked with being in charge of food and drinks, quickly proved himself a skilled cook, while Mevlut took care of the camping equipment (including the tented long-drop toilet). Both seem to have managed to avoid being in front of the camera. Everyone, of course, pitches in when setting up and breaking camp, but Mehmet is the only one who fully understands the mysteries of the support vehicle and how to pack it all up in a relatively efficient and balanced way.
Shortly after we arrived, something supporting the engine of the overloaded supply wagon snapped in a profound and emphatic way just as it was turning off the track into the camping field. It was serious enough to summon help, so Mehmet and I set off into town with the minibus to find the guy who would help: one of things that I long ago learned, though clearly Turks themselves know this almost instinctively, is that whatever goes wrong, and wherever you are, somewhere nearby is a guy who will help. By 3pm, the mechanic had been to see, gone away to get what he needed, returned with his young son, fixed the problem, joined the crew for lunch, and left. The riders appeared shortly afterwards.
The brief thunder storm that passed over the camp just before dinner freshened the air, enabled Mehmet to show everyone how the canopy over the dining table that folds out from the side of the kamyonet works (and it did keep everyone dry), but the rain was not bad enough to leave significant mud behind. Apart from discovering I had run-down the camera battery, the only other snag this day came later when we realised that the new self-inflating mattresses had not arrived, so some slept better than others this night.
As if on cue, after making that note to comment on the question of what gets left out of travel accounts, such an event would occur today, something simply unfortunate. But horses and riders were all happy with their partners, and adventurous expeditions cannot avoid mishaps of various kinds (isn't that partly the point of such kinds of travel?), so everyone was keen to get going as early as possible to ride in the relative cool of the morning. There was one brief delay after breakfast when some itinerant Kurdish workers who were camped about a kilometre away came to visit and admire the horses. Ann gave some of the children rides around the field on Kelebek while Ahmet and the other riders tacked up. But by 7:50am, the riders were off, heading across the lowland plain in the direction of the Melendiz mountain range. Relying on the modern miracle of mobile phones, we planned to meet them around mid-day with food and water for the horses.
18-19 August Derinkuyu to Bağlama – camp sites marked with crosses [Unclassified Tasnif Dişi, Harita Genel Komutanligi, Series 1501, sheets NJ 36-7, 8 (2003)]
Since no-one was certain how long the horses would take, we drove as far as Alay, the first small town (kasaba) outside Nevşehir province; we were now in the poorer Nigde province, where tourists seldom go in significant numbers. We parked opposite the mosque, beyond which was a large paved square with a few shops. I bought some biscuits, a box of peach nectar and some chewing gum, but declined the shopkeeper's kind and enthusiastic invitation to sit and drink tea—'My friends are waiting,' I announced in my best and most polite Turkish. Crossing the square, I noticed a fruit stand tended by an extremely polite and efficient small boy from whom I bought a few shrivelled bananas. Ahmet, meanwhile, had bought a bag full of potato crisps and the sickly sweet chocolate bars to which he, Yunus and Mevlut seem addicted. As we sat in the shade of the mosque, snacking, the young boy from the fruit stand re-appeared with his hands clenched together and presented me with as many sunflower seeds (çekirdek) as he could hold, smiled and went back to his fruit stand.
Eating sunflower seeds is one of those rather lowly and rather messy activities (or even skills, perhaps) that persons of breeding look down upon, but really can be a nutritious way of passing the time (provided no one is about to complain about the noise and piles of wet shells that accumulate). I first developed the habit going to the open air cinema in Kavala, Greece, while living there in the early 1970s, but generally it's an outdoors activity, not to be carried on inside a car or bus without risking the wrath of the driver. Here, sitting in the shade outside the Alay mosque, was a perfect and clearly customary place for such an activity since, even though the area was paved and clearly kept clean, there was plenty of evidence that others before me had sat on this spot and dropped çekirdek shells.
Anyway, the riders caught up with us in good time, and we found some shady trees for watering the horses. After lunch in a traditional kebab restaurant, the unfortunate and unreportable incident occurred, which delayed us for a couple of hours. With Hasan Dağ and the Melendiz range on the horizon before us all, the riders set off overland across the field system towards the kasaba of Bağlama while we took the black-top road to scout out a suitable camp site. Having parked the kamyonet by the roadside just outside town, Mehmet and I set off in the minibus to find a suitable field with shade and water.
By now, of course, riders and support team had attracted a substantial group of followers, young boys with bicycles and mopeds of various vintage. When Mehmet and I returned from our scouting mission, some had caught up with the kamyonet having followed us along the road, while others arrived overland after running in advance of the horses.
19 August: meeting up with the riders and local friends outside Bağlama
19 August: Jude, Susan and Juno, Anadolu, Ahmet, Zorlu, Mehmet and local guides outside Bağlama
Mehmet and I had found in a beautiful spot just beyond Bağlama, among a fine stand of trees, with spectacular views to Hasan Dağ and the Melendiz range. The heat across the plain was intense as we waited for the riders to arrive.
19 August: first sight of riders approaching Bağlama in a heat haze
19 August: Donna, Ahmet, Susan, Ann, Jean arrive at Baglama camp
Despite the unspeakable event, dinner was lively this evening. We had been joined by another Mehmet from Avanos (so I will call him 'Ikinci' Mehmet or Mehmet the second) with his daughter (whose name seems to be either 'Fatma' or perhaps 'Fadime') to supplement the support crew. Ikinci seems to be a jack of all trades and is here to help with all aspects of the camp while his daughter will assist with meal service and cleaning. Much of the evening after dinner is taken up with route planning and maps in the attempt to figure out how long it will take to cross over the foothills of the Melendiz range into the plain beyond around Çiftlik and then on to Altunhisar on the other side of Melendiz Dag itself (with a peak at 2963 meters high).
2014 RideAdventureEventsEvliya Çelebi Way ProjectGerald MacleanGuest BloggerHorse RidingTurkey


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text:
Raytheon Delivers 250,000th Paveway(TM) Laser Guided Bomb
TUCSON, Ariz., Oct. 26, 2004  /PRNewswire/ -- Raytheon Company today
celebrated the achievement of delivering the 250,000th Paveway(TM) Laser
Guided Bomb (LGB) to the U.S. Navy, Air Force and international customers. The
event highlighted successful efforts to streamline the factory and increase
production five-fold due to increased demand following 9/11, with a total of
250,000 Paveway kits delivered since 1968.
"Delivering the 250,000th Paveway is a huge accomplishment, but the
successful effort to ramp up production five-fold to support warfighter needs
after 9/11 is another reason to celebrate. This shows the value of Paveway to
the warfighter," said Maj. Jose Delarosa, Air Force Paveway II program manager
at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. "Laser guided bombs have been the 'weapon of
choice' in every conflict since Operation Desert Storm. Approximately 10,000
LGBs were used in Operation Iraqi Freedom, accounting for approximately half
of all the air launched precision guided munitions."
"This success is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the
Paveway program workers and showcases the strong partnership between Raytheon
and our customers," said Ben Ford, director of the Paveway program at Raytheon
Missile Systems. "As a defense contractor, we build defense systems like
Paveway II that will be a deterrent. But when a need arises, we are proud to
provide this reliable and effective weapon system to the men and women of the
armed services. Raytheon's Paveway products continue a 35-year tradition as
being the only laser guided bomb family that is currently approved for
unrestricted operational use."
The Paveway LGB system features an onboard guidance system, the computer
control group that detects and guides the unit to a target illuminated by an
external laser source. Since first developed in 1968, the Paveway series of
LGBs has revolutionized tactical air-to-ground warfare. The precision guided
bombs are used successfully against a wide array of targets including bunkers,
buildings, bridges, runways, aircraft shelters and missile launchers.
The guided bomb kits transform "dumb" bombs into precision guided weapons,
increasing accuracy, reliability and cost effectiveness while drastically
reducing the number of weapons required to destroy a target.
Since the initial production deliveries in 1968, Paveway has evolved to
keep pace with technology and the warfighters' need for improved capability.
The latest combat-proven Paveway is called the Enhanced Paveway which combines
Global Positioning System (GPS) with the original laser guidance. Enhanced
Paveway(TM) was the U.K. Royal Air Force's weapon of choice during Operation
Enduring Freedom with more than 500 Enhanced Paveways dropped in combat.
Continuing the evolution cycle, an even newer version is being developed for
the U.K.'s Royal Air Force - Paveway(TM) IV - featuring a new warhead and
additional features to enhance warfighting capabilities is now on the drawing
"Following combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, our warfighters need
the operational flexibility of a single weapon that combines the best of both
worlds," said Raytheon's Ford. "They want a dual-mode weapon that does the job
of both LGB and GPS weapons. Not only will our Enhanced Paveway II do just
that, but it will save the services money since the U.K. has already developed
and fielded Enhanced Paveway II, and there will be significant operational
cost savings since our Dual Mode Enhanced Paveway II provides a 30 to 40
percent reduction in the number of sorties required as compared to the number
of sorties flown using dedicated LGB and GPS weapons," Ford said.


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In 2002, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, reauthorized as the No Child Left Behind Act, outlined specific ways including prioritizing test taking to close America's achievement gap regardless of race, gender, and income factors. Though ideal in nature, such top-down driven initiatives naturally faced criticism from educators nationwide in its disregard for classroom differences and individual student learning styles. In 2010, the Common Core State Standards Initiative established new standards for math and English, further pressuring teachers to spend more time in those areas.
Needless to say, despite increasing evidence of its impact on student achievement, arts education has been losing its foothold in America's K-12 system. Furthermore, national trends in education, plagued by austerity budgets, have seen significantly reduced funding in other vital areas from teacher salaries to even cutting bus routes. Faced with hard choices, school administrators and educators must find other creative ways to provide a well-rounded curriculum while fulfilling state and federal mandates. The purpose of this section is to highlight the relevance of arts education, difficulties in its implementation, and the ways T2C hopes to solve them for the unique population it serves.
It is generally accepted that theatre arts can be used as a learning medium. The National Standards for Theatre Education developed by the Consortium of National Arts Education Associations have identified eight standards to which students can benefit from theatre education.
1. Script writing through improvising, writing and refining scripts based on personal experience and heritage, imagination, literature and history.
2. Acting by developing, communicating and sustaining characters in improvisations and informal or formal productions.
3. Designing and producing by conceptualizing and realizing artistic interpretations for informal or formal productions.
4. Directing by interpreting dramatic texts and organizing and conducting rehearsals for informal or formal productions.
5. Researching by evaluating and synthesizing cultural and historical information to support artistic choices.
6. Comparing and integrating art forms by analyzing traditional theatre, dance, music, visual arts, and new art forms.
7. Analyzing, critiquing, and constructing meanings from informal and formal theatre, film, television, and electronic media productions.
8. Understanding context by analyzing the role of theatre, film, television, and electronic media in the past and the present.
In 2006, the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies published a booklet titled Critical Evidence, underscoring the positive effects of arts education. The research proposes a collective understanding that the arts are vital and then highlights various correlations between experiencing art and academic achievement. Aside from social skills commonly gained through arts education, the report also addresses relationships between the arts in developing spatial reasoning, having higher SAT scores , and its' role in motivating at-risk youth. The link to the PDF version of the document is provided below.
Notwithstanding strong cross-curricular links between the arts and other subjects like math and science, it remains unclear what kinds of performance models are applied successfully at the middle and secondary school levels, especially when working with minority populations. While performances and productions remain integral to K-12 education in the United States, most schools including even traditional performing arts schools do not actually use theatre as a learning medium. The debate between implementing theatre as an integrated area of study versus being separate in the curriculum points to the lack of longitudinal and interdisciplinary research on the topic. One immediate question for educators is what is the most effective way of using theatre to maximize students' college readiness?
T2C serves the Karen refugees who encounter cultural and linguistic barriers on a daily basis. For these students, creative measures must be taken to address the plethora of issues affecting their achievement including student motivation, family issues, language proficiency, financial circumstances and much more. We approach the question of college readiness with the understanding that theatre education is a comprehensive strategy which should complement, not replace traditional schooling. Due to the aforementioned factors, the ability of these students to experience arts learning is limited but for whom is obviously necessary. We face this incredible challenge to provide these students with some of the benefits of an integrated arts education outside of the setting that traditionally denies them this opportunity.


Biometric machines failed to authenticate about 10%-15% of the drought-hit state's one crore ration beneficiaries. But consumers have no recourse to redress.
Is Aadhaar, India's biometric-based identity number for residents, helping people access social schemes in a more convenient and transparent manner?
The evidence from Rajasthan suggests otherwise.
Six months after Rajasthan started using Aadhaar to authenticate beneficiaries seeking rations from its Public Distribution System, state officials say biometric authentication does not work for 10%-15% of the beneficiaries, most of whom do manual work on farms and construction sites.
From December till May, of a total of over 98 lakh ration beneficiaries, only 44.4 lakh, or 45%, could get their rations after being verified by handheld biometrics-reading machines, shows Rajasthan government data accessed by Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan, a grassroots group.
Activists point out that while crops have failed because of a drought in the state, ration beneficiaries have to make repeated trips to ration shops each month and ultimately have to rely on the manual override feature to get the foodgrains they are entitled to.
Dey was speaking at a public hearing on the "Right to Food and drought conditions" in Jaipur on Wednesday. He said that the state government needed to create grievance redressal mechanisms at the village and block levels because at present, beneficiaries do not know whom to approach when their biometric verification through Aadhaar did not work.
In April, Scroll.in reported how there was unrest at ration shops in villages in Ajmer, and near the state capital Jaipur. Beneficiaries faced recurring problems in accessing their ration entitlements under the new Aadhaar-based system. Moreover, there was no mechanism to compensate them for the months in which they were unable to get their foodgrain entitlements because of technological glitches, or other problems in the Aadhaar architecture.
In December 2015, Rajasthan became the second state after Andhra Pradesh to distribute rations in all districts using Aadhaar's biometric authentication. Under the new system, a ration beneficiary must place a finger on a machine, which uses the internet to match the individual's fingerprints against data stored on the centralised Aadhaar database. Once the beneficiary's identity is confirmed, the ration shop owner hands over the rations at the prescribed rate.
At the public hearing, several people spoke about how they were denied their monthly entitlements of foodgrains under the new system, and did not have any recourse to redress.
Hemraj Sahariya, in his twenties, had worked as a bonded labourer on the farm of a Sikh landowner in Baran district in southern Rajasthan till four years ago. After the previous government redistributed land and rehabilitated his family, Sahariya, who belongs to a particularly vulnerable tribe, started getting 35 kg of subsidised wheat a month under the National Food Security Act. But since April, after the biometrics-based distribution was introduced in Baran district, several Sahariya families like Hemraj's have not been able to get their complete food entitlements.
Gyarsi Bai Sahariya, in her fifties, said that crops had failed in previous years, and several families were facing distress in Shahbad and Kishanganj blocks, where 41 Sahariya tribals had died due to starvation in 2001, triggering a Public Interest Litigation for the Right to Food.
Shanti Bai, a social activist working in Transport Nagar basti in Jaipur, said that the machine failed to authenticate over a hundred people in the slum, either because their fingerprints did not match, or because their ration card and Aadhaar data had not been linked.
Hansraj Yadav, who is additional director, Unique Identification Authority of India, or UIDAI, the government agency that issues the Aadhaar numbers and controls the database, estimated that fingerprints authentication was not working for over one-tenth of the state's total beneficiaries.
"We have recorded that fingerprints do not match for 10% to 15% ration beneficiaries," said Yadav, explaining that this was because of errors while capturing fingerprints, as well as changes in fingerprints through cuts, abrasion etc.
He added that in Andhra Pradesh, which also delivers rations after verification via the Aadhaar system, authentication did not work for 12% of those entitled to rations.
The Rajasthan government has already purchased iris scanners for 1,000 of the state's 25,000 ration shops as a pilot project.
In districts like Baran and Rajsamand, where ration shop dealers had complained of connectivity problems, the government had provided additional high gain antennas to attach to the point of sale devices, said the official from the department of information technology and communication.


Citation: Thapa, R., Carrero-Colon, M., Hudson, K.A. 2016. New alleles of FATB-1A to reduce palmitic acid levels in soybean. Crop Science. 56:1-5.
Interpretive Summary: Soybean oil is predominantly composed of five fatty acids, including the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid, which makes up approximately ten percent of the total fatty acids in normal commodity soybeans. It is desirable to reduce levels of saturated fats in soybean oil intended for human consumption, as in salad dressings or cooking oil. Genetic variation is a safe and economical way to improve the profile of soybean oil. We identified soybean plants that produced seed with less than the normal levels of palmitic acid. Two lines were identified that had 30% or greater reductions in levels of palmitic acid. To make these lines useful for soybean breeding, we identified the changes in the FATB1A gene that are responsible for the improved oil phenotype. We created molecular markers that allow breeders and geneticists to follow the genes in plant populations. These new soybean lines could prove useful in the development of healthier soybean oils.
Technical Abstract: In wild-type soybeans, palmitic acid typically constitutes 10% of the total seed oil. Palmitic acid is a saturated fat linked to increased cholesterol levels, and reducing levels of saturated fats in soybean oil has been a breeding target. To identify novel and useful variation that could help in reducing palmitic acid levels in soybean, we screened a chemically mutagenized population. Two lines with reduced levels of seed palmitic acid were identified, and each line had a 30% reduction in palmitic acid. Both lines carried distinct mutations in the FATB1A (Glyma.05G012300) gene that co-segregated with the reduced palmitic acid phenotype. One line carried a single base change that disrupted the splicing of the FATB1A mRNA, and the second contained a missense mutation (aspartic acid substituted for glycine) in a conserved domain of the FATB1 enzyme. Molecular markers were designed that will enable breeders to follow these new FATB1A mutant alleles in plant populations to facilitate gene stacking for oil improvement.