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Prime Minister of Portugal
On your kind invitation, I already had the honour, as Minister for Foreign Affairs of Portugal, to address you on 28 September 1974 during the 26th Session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. By inviting me to make a statement at a time when Portugal had admittedly already overthrown the dictatorship but did not yet possess institutions enabling it to accede to the Council, the latter wished to show its confidence in the democratic spirit of the Portuguese people. By a coincidence and with the irony of which history gives proof from time to time, at the very moment when I spoke of this spirit and of my unshakeable belief that it would triumph in Portugal, the communists' attempt to seize power began. It is therefore with great emotion that I recall this visit.
The Assembly has again invited me to say a few words as President of the first Portuguese Government to be formed since 1926 according to a Constitution drawn up by a Constituent Assembly freely elected by direct universal suffrage. This is a twofold honour for my country and myself.
Some two years and a half have passed since I had the opportunity to speak of the major social and political changes undergone by my country since the revolution and which could already be checked at the time.
I stressed above all the importance of the democratisation process which was beginning at the time and whose objective was to institute a pluralist democracy in Portugal. The manifold difficulties which the Portuguese people had to overcome to safeguard this fundamental objective are well known; they were caused primarily by totalitarian groups whose aim was to destroy freedom and democracy and to set up a political and economic system in Portugal which bore no relationship to our traditions or our aspirations. These obstacles were overcome thanks to a tenacious fight which Europe followed with anxious interest. The country's democratisation plan was achieved: the new Constitution was drawn up and promulgated, elections to the Assembly of the Republic took place on the date set – the first parliament worthy of this name to be elected freely in Portugal for half a century – the Portuguese people were able to elect the President of the Republic by direct universal suffrage as provided for in the new Constitution. A first constitutional government was formed and, finally, last December, it proved possible to hold free and authentic elections to local authorities, also for the first time in fifty years.
At the same time as the democratisation of the sovereign bodies was being completed, the constitutional government undertook intensive action on the external plane which represented a realistic formalising of Portuguese interests, in keeping with our geographical, political, economic and cultural circumstances.
Thus, and this is not due to chance, one was able to note a kind of return of Portugal to Europe and the government's persistent efforts to translate into practical terms what has already been called the "European option of Portuguese policy".
In this context, the first major result of this policy, Portugal's accession to the Council of Europe last September, represented a fundamental stage. It is not merely a proof of Portugal's desire for closer co-operation with the democratic countries of Europe but represents also an affirmation of the European character of a people which seeks to recover its place on this old continent.
The salient features of our national policy and thus our European option reflect a subjacent, deep, cultural, social and economic reality. It is in Europe that the vast majority of our intellectuals and artists seek their inspiration, undergo specialisation and find their interlocutors. It is to Europe and not to other continents that for the past fifteen years over a million Portuguese went to work. Eighty per cent of our trade is with European countries. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Assembly of the Republic was almost unanimous in approving our accession to the Council of Europe, expressing thereby the wishes of a people which had recovered its freedom and attaches great importance to the values of civilisation which the Council of Europe voices and represents.
However, Portugal did not confine herself to merely joining the Council of Europe. From the outset the Portuguese Government intended to take a highly active part in its work and to try and develop, in its framework, more intensive co-operation with the other member countries. We signed the European Convention on Human Rights – the ratification procedure is in progress – and have already begun studying all the other Council agreements and conventions so as to be able to sign progressively as many of them as possible. In January, the Minister for Foreign Affairs thus signed on Portugal's behalf the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism, and precisely yesterday, three agreements and two conventions were signed.
At the same time, there was a notable intensification of relations between Portugal and the Council of Europe, as shown by the presence of Portuguese representatives in steadily increasing numbers at meetings convened by the Council or held under its auspices, and more recently by the latter's frequent fact-finding missions in Portugal.
The Portuguese Government's European policy has also been pursued by means of increasingly close contacts with the democratic countries of the continent, which have afforded our country the aid and moral support it needed to overcome the grave difficulties confronting it.
The recent application submitted by Portugal for accession to the European Communities was the culmination of a series of personal contacts which I established in all the capitals of the countries concerned. It was another step taken with a view to consolidating democracy in Portugal through political and economic harmonisation with Western Europe, which will help promote a more complete structuring of the young Portuguese democratic institutions.
Despite all the obstacles encountered on the way, the government is pursuing a firm policy, under the auspices of freedom and democracy, in the European choice it has made; indeed the only one capable of safeguarding both the individuality and the interests of our country. The course has now been marked out and we mean to follow it resolutely, well realising the difficulties of all kinds that will have to be surmounted. The young Portuguese democracy has not yet acquired all the experience desirable and we have to contend with a fragile, underdeveloped economy, ravaged by colonial war and by the demagogic excesses of the pro-communist economic administration of 1975. These are aspects whose importance and gravity must not be overlooked. We continue nevertheless to hope that European collaboration and solidarity, of which the Council of Europe is irrefutable evidence, will help us win through, not only so that Portugal may remain the free and democratic country it has chosen to be, but also in order to strengthen democratic principles in Europe as well as those spiritual and moral values which, as is stated in the preamble to the Council of Europe's Statute, constitute the common heritage of the European peoples represented here.
Today more than ever the majority of Europeans realise on the one hand, the inestimable advantages of democracy, and on the other, the grave dangers threatening it. Today more than ever Europe as represented in this Council, far though it may be from political unification, recognises the interdependence of its constituent parts. Democracy and freedom are indivisible. Every citizen, every government, every country which supports Portuguese democracy is thereby supporting its own democracy.
Mr President, the Council of Europe has concerned itself with the problems of security and co-operation in Europe and with the preparation of the meeting on these issues which is to take place shortly in Belgrade. Two meetings on the subject have been held with officials from the capitals of the member countries, and the Council itself has considered the matter at ministerial level. The Portuguese Minister for Foreign Affairs had the opportunity to outline the position adopted by my country. May I, nevertheless, make a few remarks on the subject.
I spoke a few moments ago of Europe's importance for Portugal. It is for this reason that we follow with the greatest interest all aspects of security and co-operation on our continent, an interest borne out by our representatives' tireless efforts to foster bilateral and multilateral contacts of all kinds. We are therefore bound to welcome the Council of Europe's growing interest in this question. The democratic states of Europe have a vital role to play in ensuring strict application of the Final Act of the Helsinki Conference. Public opinion demands that political leaders should ensure respect for these provisions, neglect of which would rob us of the right to speak of freedom, democracy and respect for man the individual. Our intentions are in no sense polemical; on the contrary, we want to help the peoples, through positive action, to overcome their present divisions, and we want to play a part in building Europe on foundations which leave no room for friction and rivalry. To make this possible, we must protect human rights, in accordance with the lofty moral values which underlie European civilisation. Portugal, a country in which these rights were systematically trodden underfoot for many years, sees this as a task of the utmost importance, to which it is devoting its best efforts.
Let there be no mistake about it. Détente is indispensable to effective co-operation between those states which wish to establish in Europe a climate of peace and prosperity, with favourable repercussions in other parts of the world. This is the only way in which we can hope to build European solidarity, to lay those foundations of peace, security and progress to which we all aspire. To ensure the development of friendly relations and co-operation, we must, as the Final Act makes clear, recognise the universal value of human rights and fundamental freedoms. It is only by defending human rights, which are inseparable from the dignity and growth of man, that we can ensure full and free self-realisation of the individual. This is the only valid and permanent foundation for friendly and fruitful inter-state relationships. This is the only way in which détente can progress and produce those positive results which we expect from it.
It is in this light that we view the forthcoming Belgrade meetings, hoping that it will mark a decisive step on the road to the building of a Europe without rivalry or hate. However, in striving towards this goal, Europe cannot afford to ignore developments outside its own frontiers. Thanks to her experience in Africa and to her historical and cultural links with Latin America, Portugal is clearly conscious of the importance of relations between Europe and the rest of the world.
In the context of détente, this is a matter of the utmost importance. Co-operation and security in Europe can be neither grasped nor brought about if Europe fails to understand the significance of developments in Africa, Asia and the Americas. Détente is indivisible. (Applause)
Thank you very much, Mr Prime Minister, for your statement.
I must apologise to the Assembly for being so overwhelmed by the opportunity to greet our friend, Mr Soares, that I omitted to mention that he is accompanied by the Foreign Minister, Mr Ferreira, who is no stranger to us, and also the Permanent Representative, Mr Nunes.
The Prime Minister has indicated that he is prepared to answer questions, as is usual in all democratic assemblies. I would only ask members to be concise, as we still have a list of about thirty people to speak in the debate on the Security Conference. The first question is from Mr Valleix.
Mr VALLEIX (France) (translation)
Following on the President's example, we have just shown the Prime Minister, as I am sure he realises, how honoured we are to have him with us and how warmly we welcome him to this Assembly, which he knows well, even if it is now meeting in a new place and a new style of architecture.
What is important to us is the progress of his young democracy, and he has been good enough to give us just now his impressions of his first contacts with his European partners, including the Europe of the Nine.
I hope he will allow me to put two questions to him on that subject from this wider Assembly. He knows how sympathetic we are to his approaches to the Europe of the Nine. What impression have his contacts with the different European Economic Community countries made on him as regards Portugal's future accession to it? By what stages does he envisage the progressive integration of the Portuguese economy, and in particular its agriculture, in the Community machinery, and how long does he think it will take? Does he also consider that that machinery will have to be adapted in some way?
My second question is this: does Mr Soares think there will be any institutional consequences if the Community is enlarged to include Greece and Portugal, and perhaps Spain and Turkey? What does he feel will have to be done to prevent all that the Community has achieved being watered down and lost in a vast free trade area?
All these seem to me interesting points to raise inasmuch as he hopes, with us, that it will be possible to enlarge the European Economic Community by Portugal's entry», while recognising that these successive enlargements may create fresh problems.
I think it would be very good for us to hear his thoughts on the subject of becoming part of the Community and at the same time keeping relations within it as close as possible.
Mr Soares, Prime Minister of Portugal (translation)
On the first question, I can say that our contacts with the governments of the nine countries have been very successful and very encouraging for us. We have contacted all the governments of the Europe of the Nine. They told us they accepted our request for accession and encouraged us to present it formally, which we have done. But we cannot help seeing that there are difficulties; in the first place, the difficulty of harmonising our various policies with Community policy. But these are not insuperable.
In the second place, there are difficulties which stem from the Community's own difficulties, to which Mr Valleix referred, in expanding from six to nine countries. And there are other countries knocking at its door, which in our view, should be admitted. But obviously we have to face the fact that in becoming larger the Community risks losing some of its substance. That is a challenge that the Community countries and the Community itself must meet. But the Community should regard it from a positive angle, for it proves that countries want to join and are knocking at the door. So I think the Community's own problems will be solved too.
As regards how long we think our integration will take, in the first place, we have asked for our case to be judged on its own. We do not believe in lumping all such cases together. Some day perhaps, and we hope it will be soon, Spain may be in a position to seek accession, and perhaps, as Mr Valleix said, Turkey too. Greece is at the moment in a somewhat difficult position, as you know. But Portugal's democratic institutions are complete; we are both politically and economically ready to join the Community. So we have asked for our case, Portugal's case, to be considered by itself. That is why we have presented our request for accession.
A committee has been set up to study the problems of harmonising the different policies and giving an opinion. It has to do so by the end of this year. The negotiations for Portugal's accession will, we reckon, when they open, take two years. At the end of those two years, we shall be able to join the Community as a full member, but we shall obviously ask for a five-year transition period as Britain did. That is how long we think it will take.
We are very optimistic about the approaches we have so far made to the Community.
Mr BUTTIGIEG (Malta)
Mr Prime Minister, do you believe that there can be no real peace in Europe unless there is also peace in the Mediterranean? In other words, do you accept that the security of Europe could not be divorced from the security of the Mediterranean?
I would also like to ask you, Mr Prime Minister, if you are of the opinion that in order to promote security and political stability in Europe and the Mediterranean the participating states should further improve their relations with the non-participating states?
As I said in my initial statement, I consider détente to be indivisible. I called attention to the problems arising in other continents, such as Africa, America, particularly Latin America, and Asia. For a great many reasons, I think Mediterranean problems are enormously important for peace and security in Europe. Portugal is not a Mediterranean country, but it has sometimes been grouped with Mediterranean countries, which have always consulted it because they think that in view of our geographical position near the Western entrance to the Mediterranean our country is involved in these problems.
We are quite ready to study the matter and to enter into negotiations to establish harmonious relations between the non-European and the European Mediterranean countries.
Mr RADIUS (France) (translation)
May I ask the Prime Minister what support he expects from the European countries to help Portugal overcome the serious economic and social difficulties with which it is faced, and which President Eanes described in a recent speech.
Does he consider that the financial assistance the industrialised countries have so far given Portugal, in particular through bilateral and multilateral loans, is sufficient?
Does he hope to encourage foreign private investment, so far sadly lacking to his economy, and if so, what steps does he intend to take to guarantee its security?
Portugal is indeed faced with two types of difficulty; in the first place economic and structural difficulties, which stem from the transformation of our national life. We have gone in for decolonisation and have granted independence to all our colonies. As a result, we have lost markets and sources of raw materials and foreign currency. So we have to reorganise our economic life. We also have short-term economic difficulties (they are not peculiar to Portugal; many countries have them) especially in relation to the deficit in our balance of payments. But we foresee getting rid of that deficit in four years' time.
In order to apply an economic policy that will reduce this deficit, a loan, medium-term financial aid, is essential. We have applied to various European countries and to North America, the United States in particular. Because the Portuguese problem and Portuguese difficulties are not those of our country alone but could have repercussions on other countries, since without economic stability there will be no democracy in Portugal, and if Portugal's democracy is threatened it may have a very serious effect on other countries, especially on Spain and the countries of southern Europe, President Carter has taken the initiative in asking for special aid not only from Europe, but also from other industrialised countries such as Canada and Japan, for the purpose of setting up a kind of consortium to provide special financial aid to Portugal. We are at this moment in the process of studying and discussing this possibility with our partners.
Regarding the private investment Mr Radius mentioned, we do indeed need foreign investment. In order to attract it we have published a code of rules for foreign investment which provides guarantees for the investors. Up to now, it has been considered entirely satisfactory by the various countries interested in the matter.
Some of the Ministers in our constitutional government and I have had discussions with investors from different countries interested in Portugal. Among others, I have had very extensive contacts with investors from Germany, America, Britain and other countries. Every time, we have provided explicit guarantees for these investments. And contrary to what you seem to think there is a renewal of confidence in the stability of our institutions. That is why new capital is now being invested in Portugal. Similarly, tourism has increased considerably this year, and the Portuguese workers, who were very careful in 1975 and 1976 not to send their savings back to Portugal, no longer hesitate to do so.
Mr COUTSOCHERAS (Greece) (translation)
After wishing the Prime Minister good luck for his country and all success in his efforts, I want to ask him two short questions.
In view of Portugal's unhappy experience in the suppression of human rights, first of all, are the Portuguese not somewhat bitter about the governments of the democratic countries not taking action against their oppressors, and in the second place, does he support those who, believing in the universality of human rights, look upon any abuse of those rights, no matter where, as being directed against themselves?
As regards Mr Coutsocheras's first question, we are trying to be realists. We know what kind of world we live in. Of course, during the fascist period, we felt rather bitter about the democracies, which claimed to protect human rights and the liberty of the individual while doing nothing about the outrages committed daily in Portugal, in Spain and in the Greece of the Colonels. But I repeat, we are realists, and we know what the world is like. We do not consider being bitter to be very constructive. In addition, we believe that every country has its own forces for defending its human rights and freedoms, and that it is not good to expect help from outside. We believe the best thing is to rely on the strength and energy of one's own people. That is why we are proud of having been able to free ourselves from fascism by our own efforts.
Everyone, in the East as well as in the West, was very surprised by the revolution of 25 April, which was carried out by the Portuguese alone without any outside help. In 1975, when the threat of communism reared its head in Portugal, we also had the good fortune to find the Portuguese people rising against it and imposing freedom on Portugal without, I repeat, any help from outside.
We certainly received many messages of sympathy and understanding, even of respect and solidarity, from all over the world, in particular from the progressive movements and the democratic parties. That solidarity and some of that support gave us pleasure.
Replying to Mr Coutsocheras's second question, we do indeed believe that any violation of human rights in whatever country it occurs injures those who are fighting for freedom and democracy in their own country. But at the same time, we must avoid the tendency to submit international relations, which are complex, to a kind of perpetual moral judgement.
We shall soon be meeting in Belgrade. Rather than wishing to pronounce judgement there on those who do not respect human rights, would it not be better, even if we know quite well that they are not respecting them, to seek for solutions that can promote peace in the world?
Thank you, Prime Minister.
Is there a supplementary question?... No. There are four more questions down and we have then to close the list. The next question is from Mr Minnocci of Italy.
Mr MINNOCCI (Italy) (translation)
Mr Prime Minister, now that Portugal is once more a democracy, her colonial empire has in practice ceased to exist. What relationship has Portugal established, or does she intend to establish, with her former colonies?
If I may be allowed that question, Mr Prime Minister, may I also put a further one? In the elections held not so long ago in your country, your own party gained a majority, but only a relative majority, not an absolute one. This obliged you to form a minority government. May I ask, Mr Prime Minister, whether you are in a position to carry out your government's programme, or whether you are being forced to water it down because of the difficulties with which you are faced?
I will reply first about the colonies. We did what decolonisation was possible, and I must say we did it rapidly and courageously. We acted as we did because our decolonisation was carried out twenty or thirty years late. The situation in the colonies had become very bad, and everything that is going on in the ex-Portuguese colonies now become independent sovereign states can in part be explained by that late decolonisation.
Now we have cut the colonial link which existed before and are seeking relations of equality and mutual respect between the independent Portuguese-speaking African countries and Portugal. It is not always easy, and we have met with certain difficulties, but Portugal's cooperation with these new countries – for example with Guinea and the Cape Verde Islands – is encouraging and progressing well.
You know the difficulties we have about Mozambique and Angola, but we are making a great effort to improve our relations with these peoples by not interfering in their internal policy and by respecting their options on a basis of equality and mutual respect. I think these relations are improving in spite of the difficulties.
My answer to the second question must be that the Socialist Party, the governing party, is in, a minority. It represents about 35% of the votes cast. But in the present Portuguese parliamentary context there is no possibility of any great change because, under the Portuguese Constitution, the government must first of all have the confidence of the President of the Republic, who is elected by the people by direct universal suffrage, and secondly be given a mandate by the Assembly. We have in fact the confidence of the President of the Republic who appointed us, and we have been given a mandate by the Assembly. Up to now, although we are a minority government, there has been no vote of "no confidence" against us, and we find no great parliamentary difficulty in governing. After a full-dress debate on general policy, we had no difficulty in getting our plan and the budget adopted at the end of the year. When we were given our mandate some parties abstained, but none voted against us. At one moment questions were raised in parliament about our general policy, but at the end there was no vote of "no confidence". So we have this sort of tacit approval by the Assembly and the confidence of the President of the Republic, and we can certainly continue to govern with confidence and in peace of mind.
Mr PIRES (Portugal) (translation)
I hope the Prime Minister will excuse a member of the Portuguese opposition addressing his government in French. Unfortunately, our language is more current in the rest of the world than in Europe, and Portuguese is not yet spoken in this building.
The question I want to put to the Prime Minister is about Belgrade. From Portuguese experience since 25 April we can certainly draw some conclusions about the sincerity of the communists when it comes to fundamental rights and the spirit of détente in home politics. Does he think there was some complicity by the communist countries, including the Soviet Union, in the violation of basic rights which took place in Portugal at the time of the pro-communist push in the Portuguese revolution?
My second question is more about home politics. In any case, I am seizing the opportunity to put it to the Prime Minister. Is he in favour of a parliamentary delegation attending the Belgrade Conference, or does he think governments only should attend?
I quite understand Mr Pires's putting his question to me in French. I have to speak French too. Of course he is right, there are 130 million human beings in the world now who speak Portuguese, since Portuguese is spoken not only in Portugal, but also in Brazil and in the former Portuguese colonies. It is the common language there.
So far as sincerity is concerned, I do not think that, in politics, there should be too much discussion of subjective questions. Sincerity or no sincerity, what matters is results, and it is even best not to have a lot of discussion about these subjective motives, but just to consider statements and attitudes because that can be helpful.
Regarding complicity by the communist countries when Portugal was under threat of communism, I have had a great deal to say about that, as you may well understand. Just after the Helsinki Conference, a conference of socialists and social democrats from all over Europe, including the heads of delegations to the Helsinki Conference, was held in Stockholm to discuss the protection of democracy in Portugal.
I asked them what they thought of the Final Act they had just signed and whether, if the communists seized power in Portugal by non-democratic means, that would jeopardise the Act that had just been signed in Helsinki. They all replied that they had put this same point to the Eastern European countries, and that for them Portugal was a test case. A seizure of power in Portugal by the communists by antidemocratic means would be a terrible warning to Europe as a whole.
I do not think there is any proof of direct interference by the East European countries in Portuguese affairs. In any case, as Mr Pires knows, we maintain diplomatic relations with all the East European countries except Albania.
Regarding attendance at the Belgrade Conference, the matter is now being considered. If most countries decide to send parliamentary delegations to that conference, we Portuguese have no objection whatever. But obviously for the sake of efficiency the question will have to be settled in advance. As a matter of fact, we are among those who do not think Belgrade should be a forum for propaganda by either side. On the contrary, we think it should be a meeting-place where concrete steps can be taken towards peace and security in Europe.
Mr GESSNER (Federal Republic of Germany) (translation)
Mr Prime Minister, I would like to ask you two questions. One of them concerns an aspect of your domestic policy in which I am interested if only because I was formerly Council of Europe Rapporteur on Portugal. I refer to the problem of Angolan refugees. May I ask you what the state of integration of these people who came to Portugal from Angola is today; for this is not only an economic and social problem but also, it seems to me, an eminently political one?
The second question concerns Spain. Would you be good enough to tell this Assembly how you view the future evolution of Spain? According to your assessment of the situation, are there likely to be the same ups and downs as we experienced in Portugal some time ago? In your view, do, or did, developments in Portugal exert an influence on developments in Spain?
Concerning refugees, not only from Angola but also from Mozambique, I must reply that they have been one of the biggest problems we have had to deal with during the last year, because quite suddenly rather more than half a million people from Africa – Angola, Mozambique and other colonies – arrived in Portugal without money or possessions, practically destitute.
We had to put these people up and find work for them, give them money for themselves and their families to live on, and find them housing. As you can imagine, that was very difficult. It might have been thought at the beginning that these people would have provided a weapon for the extreme right in the country, because they arrived in Portugal after a somewhat traumatic experience, due to decolonisation and in particular to the conditions in which it was carried out. Fortunately, I can say today that we have been able to settle and absorb almost all these refugees, who are now working, and that many of them are even helping the country to progress and develop. We have devoted considerable sums in our budget to helping these refugees, who get an allowance which is larger than unemployment benefit and of an exceptional nature, because of the drama they have lived through.
We have also had proof of a great deal of international solidarity with regard to these refugees. Various countries, particularly the Federal Republic of Germany, helped us to transport the refugees by setting up an air bridge. Many other countries provided financial aid, the Scandinavian countries in particular, to help the refugees in every way.
I must add, however, that we are facing another and perhaps rather more complicated problem. Some of the people who opted for Angolan or Mozambique nationality when these countries became independent now also want to take refuge in Portugal. That is a matter that we have to bring before the international authorities.
I would like to take this opportunity of thanking the European countries and the United States, as well as some of the Eastern European states including the Soviet Union, for their help, and in so doing to lay stress on all the positive things the international community has done.
Contrary to what happened in France after the end of the war in Algeria, this flood of refugees has fortunately not changed the political climate in Portugal.
So far as Spain is concerned, we had an official visit from Mr Suarez about two months ago, which went very well. We are hopeful and confident that Spain will develop in a democratic direction and we are completely convinced that the present Spanish Government, and in particular Mr Suarez, is determined to break with Francoism and to return to democracy.
But there are still a great many problems to be solved, in the first place because the old fascist machine remains intact in Spain. In Portugal, the political police were abolished after the revolution. Up to a point, the people most responsible for the past have left the country or retired from public life. But that is not the case in Spain, where the machinery of oppression remains intact and no one knows how it will react when the decisive moment for a break comes.
Spain is now preparing for elections, but they will take place in a framework fixed by the government. The Chamber to be elected will not yet be a constituent one. This means that the laws, and the Constitution as it stands, have been granted to the country by the government, but have not been voted for by the people, and will not be in the immediate future. So I can just imagine all the contradictory situations that will be able to persist in these circumstances.
It is my sincere wish and hope that the good sense of which the Suarez Government has given proof will prevail and that Spain will travel along a peaceful road to democracy.
The Spaniards acknowledge that Portugal's experience has been of great help in the liberation of Spain, first in a negative sense, because Mr Suarez has no wish to be another Caetano, knowing the results of that, but also in a positive sense, because some developments and contradictions in the Portuguese situation are being carefully avoided by the Spanish opposition, including the Spanish Communist Party, which insists that it is Eurocommunist and in favour of political democracy.
Mr STAVROPOULOS (Greece) (translation)
May I begin by welcoming the presence among us of the Portuguese Prime Minister.
Greece is very glad to note that he is not in favour of his country's accession to the European Community being lumped together with the accession of Greece, Spain and Turkey. As he knows, we are against it too. I think I am also right in saying that the European Community itself takes the same view.
The process of Greece's accession to the Common Market is already far advanced. I thought I understood the Prime Minister to say that he recognised we were having difficulties with our negotiations. May I ask him to explain exactly what he meant by that?
I am grateful to Mr Stavropoulos for giving me an opportunity to explain my point.
I did indeed say words to that effect. I am as much opposed to the grouping of applications as he is, and what is more, Article 237 of the Rome Treaty is quite explicit on the subject: each country has to state its own case.
I know that for Greece the process of entry into the EEC is well advanced and I am glad, because I consider myself a friend of the Greek people. Naturally there will be difficulties as in the case of every other country, but I am sure that Greece with its creative spirit can overcome them.
Mr MACHETE (Portugal) (translation)
Thank you for calling me, Mr President, and for thus giving me the opportunity, as a member of the Social Democratic Party in the Portuguese opposition, of greeting the Prime Minister of my country and putting a short question to him.
In view of the close cultural links between Portugal and the Portuguese-speaking African countries, our former colonies, now independent states, has our request for accession to the Common Market been discussed with them, since it may give rise to some difficulties?
We have not discussed the matter with them because, just as we do not wish to interfere in the internal affairs of the Portuguese-speaking African countries, neither, obviously, do we wish them to interfere with what we decide to do. But we have informed all the Portuguese-speaking African countries of our decision and of how our negotiations with the Community are being carried out.
As Mr Machete perhaps knows, some countries – Guinea and the Cape Verde Islands – are very interested in these negotiations because they are associated with the Community through the Lomé Convention.
May I take this opportunity of thanking him for his greeting on behalf of the opposition parties.
Mr HOFER (Switzerland) (translation)
The Prime Minister several times mentioned the danger of a seizure of power by the Communist Party during the revolution. Does he think that danger has finally disappeared and that the Portuguese Communist Party now definitely respects the rules of democracy?
I do not think there is any immediate danger of a renewal of that attempt, because the threat from the Communist Party was due to what was known at that time as the Armed Forces Movement. At one point they were in the majority in the leadership of that Movement and were turning it in a certain direction. It was through the military that they were able to intervene and to become a threat by creating social unrest in business firms and by taking over the mass media, including radio and television. Now the military situation is quite different, particularly since the defeat of the Armed Forces Movement on 25 November, when the army was taken over again by a team of democratic officers.
Two days ago, we celebrated in two ways, both symbolic, the third anniversary of the April revolution. First of all there was a grand military parade in Lisbon in the Avenida da Liberdade. The Portuguese troops filed past the President of the Republic, who was an army man himself but had been elected by the Portuguese by a very large majority, and past the President of the National Assembly and the government. This means that the organs of sovereignty are in place and that they are respected and obeyed by the army.
The Portuguese army now sees itself as supporting the Constitution and the democratic regime in Portugal. It recognises that the army owes obedience to the representative civil authority. So for the present, and for the future too I believe, we have representative institutions that work and an army that sees itself as reorganised, obedient to civil authority and a respecter of the Constitution. It even sees itself as the guarantor of democracy and national independence, as everywhere else in democratic Europe.
But if the economic position is not good, if the difficulties we are now meeting with (which are great, as I said just now) get worse, if there is inflation which the government cannot control and social unrest in the streets because of the rise in the cost of living, those who want to transform Portugal into a totalitarian state will be given another chance to return and become a threat.
Unfortunately, I do not believe that the Portuguese Communist Party – I say this quite frankly without any wish to be controversial; I am merely saying what I think – has become a convert to democracy. At the Madrid summit, it was not among the Eurocommunist Parties that intend to work within the institutional framework of political democracy. If we read the Portuguese Communist Party's official documents, which have not, in fact, changed since 1941, we see that the same Leninist idea of an active minority taking power is still the central theme, and that formal statements of respect for democracy are simply tactics. They do not represent a fundamental change of heart, as they do in other Communist Parties in Western Europe.
Thank you very much, Mr Prime Minister. It has been a wonderful experience to listen to your statement and to your answers to the questions put by members of the Assembly. I am certain that I am expressing the opinion of the overwhelming majority of the delegates when I say that you and the Portuguese Democratic Republic are assured of the solidarity and sympathy of this great European Parliamentary Assembly. We wish you God speed and every success in the future. (Applause)
Thank you, Mr President.


text:
Marcus Chambers (born November 3, 1994) is an American athlete who specializes in sprinting.

Born and raised in Tacoma, Washington, Chambers attended Foss High School.

Chambers, contracted by Nike, competes best as a 400 meters runner and has a fastest time of 44.92 seconds. In 2013 he won gold at the Pan American Junior Championships as a member of the 4 x 400 metres relay team. Receiving an athletics scholarship to the University of Oregon, Chambers was a two-time Pac-12 champion in the 400 meters and had a second-place finish in the 400 meters at the 2015 NCAA Outdoor Championships. He was on the gold medal-winning 4 x 400 metres relay team at the 2015 NACAC Championships which set a competition record time.

References

External links
Marcus Chambers at World Athletics

1994 births
Living people
American male sprinters
Sportspeople from Tacoma, Washington
Oregon Ducks men's track and field athletes
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Our History Curriculum
History National Curriculum
History Curriculum Statement
History Whole School Overview
Through our teaching of history at St John Vianney, we intend for our pupils to:
increase and develop their historical knowledge, skills, concepts and attitudes.
develop a curiosity about the past, asking questions and seeking answers.
acquire the knowledge and skills which enable them to make links, enquire, research and analyse in history.
increase their understanding of their world today through learning about the past.
Children will know more, remember more and understand more about local, national and world history.
Progression in History at SJV
"I like history because it is interesting and we get to learn new facts about what has happened before'" (George, Year 4)
"History intrigues me; it's like solving a mystery." (Jacob, Year 6)
Year 6: Scaled Timelines (October 2021)
What were the key events of WW2 and when did they happen? This was Year 6's enquiry question during one of their history lessons. They needed to order the events chronologically along their timelines, but also space the events correctly, taking account of scale. They then thought about why lots of events were bunched together and made links in their subsequent lessons abou the Battle of Britain…
Year 4: Timelines (September 2021)
Year 4 have been developing their understanding of timelines this half term, thinking about the chronology and scale of different time periods and events in British history.
Year 1: The Transport Museum (February 2020)
Year 1 learned all about the history of transport in St Helens and even got to ride on a very old bus!
Year 4's Roman Museum (November 2019)
Year 4 enjoyed sharing their learning about Roman Britain with other classes and their parents.
Year 3's Stonehenge Creations! (September 2019)
Year 3 loved making replicas of Stonehenge from different construction materials during their stone age topic.
"I enjoyed learning about the workhouse and about children in Victorian times." (Ellie, Year 5)
"I liked it when we had to decode the Egyptian writing. We didn't know the words and we had to figure it out – it was fun!" (Evan, Year 3)
"I liked learning about Saints old stadium and we compared it to their new stadium." (Macy, Year 2)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Automotive Artwork, The Caribbean's Largest Automotive Retailer of Car Enhancement Products and Providers. Discover the 3M products driving the way forward for automotive innovation. The kind of car class, examples of which are large cars, midsize automobiles, minivans, pickup vans, small automobiles, particular objective automobiles, sports utility vehicles, station wagons and vans. Rocker panel extensions that function as steps to assist the motive force and passengers in the entering and exiting of tall automobiles.
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text:
Pirayú es el nombre de:

 el distrito Pirayú del departamento de Paraguarí, Paraguay;
 el pez caraciforme también llamado dorado o damita (Salminus brasiliensis).


text:
1066 Country of Origin
Set deep in history, where the Sussex Weald meets the sea, lie the ancient settlements and rich landscapes of 1066 Country. Open skies and broad horizons inspire the imagination.
Visit the towns and villages of Battle, Bexhill, Bodiam, Camber, Hastings, Herstmonceux, Pevensey, Rye and Winchelsea.
Ancient settlements meet modern lifestyles, sparking a vibrant culture with so much to see and do.
There's loads happening in 1066 Country – from theatre to music to children's activities. Find out what's on here.
The freshest fish, the best vineyards in England, and a wonderful array of healthy produce – eat with us.
From boutique hotels to shepherd's huts wreathed in woodsmoke, 1066 Country opens its doors in welcome.
Miles of coast
From Camber Sands to Normans Bay, explore the variety of this beautiful coastline – its golden sands, pebble beaches and soaring sandstone cliffs.
From flower making to shipwrecks, steam pumps to serial killers, taking in the invention of television – there's a museum for every occasion.
Discover internationally renowned artists, contemporary collections, stunning ceramics, local legends and amazing architecture.
Or maybe more! Kicking off with Rye Bay Scallop Week and Hastings Fat Tuesday in February, it's a year-round programme of fun and festivities.
From the ruins of Hastings and Pevensey to the storybook romance of Bodiam and Herstmonceux, each of our castles tells part of our story.
Waiting to be explored
1066 Country is home to some of Sussex's finest coast and countryside including the famous historic site on which the Battle of Hastings was fought. Use the map below to find out about more about the towns and villages of 1066 Country, as well as what's on, where to stay, things to do, and places to eat, drink and shop.
Where can I find?...
Passionate about the countryside, sea, history and culture — then you'll find much to please you in 1066 Country. This part of the south east is one of the most beautiful with its uplifting scenery, tranquil majestic villages, clean beaches and historic castles.
Six famous castles: soaring battlements, majestic moats, palatial piles and crumbling ruins.
Adventure parks, water sports, castles and beaches – there's loads to do for children both young and old.
Four fantastic galleries bring major national and international artists to 1066 Country, through exhibitions and permanent collections.
Lily-covered lakes, beautiful borders, a tulip festival and a national pinetum. Garden fans, you're in for a treat.
Beyond the famous battlefield, 1066 Country is rich in history – from giant steam pumps to literary inspirations.
To really get to know 1066 Country, a visit to its museums is a must. From shipwrecks to flowermaking, our history is here.
Beaches, gardens and beautiful walks – there's so much to enjoy in the great outdoors.
Enjoy a spot of golf, glorious cycle routes, and plenty of adrenalin-pumping watersports.
Looking for something to do in 1066 Country? We've plenty to keep you entertained during your stay, from festivals to fireworks, music, exhibitions, theatre and guided walks – and plenty of family friendly and free events too. Below are some upcoming highlights, or see the full listings here.
Dress Up Your Dog Day 2022
Visit the True Crime Museum with your pooch for free!
A Generous Space
Artist Support Pledge is moving from our screens and onto the real life gallery walls at Hastings Contemporary.
25 Nov 202117 Apr 2022
Beach Clean
Become a litter picking hero and save the marine environment.
Hastings Fat Tuesday presents a new monthly night hosted by BBC Introducing.
Bexhill After Dark
As darkness falls, Bexhill comes alive with light.
Hastings Seafood Cooking Workshops
Would you like to cook more fish at home and have the confidence to know how to make the most of locally caught seafood?
Another chance to participate in our popular Catch of the Day course.
Together We Draw — curated by Sue Tilley
Iconic St. Leonards-based artist, model, and muse, Sue Tilley, curates Together We Draw.
20 Jan 20225 Jun 2022
Hastings International Piano Concerto Competition
With a first prize of £15,000, the competition gives six finalists the opportunity to perform a complete concerto with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.
24 Feb 20225 Mar 2022
Upcoming highlights
Pale ales, IPAs, stouts and ciders – they're all made right here in 1066 Country.
From cute olde worlde tea rooms to modern coffee shops specialising in vegan and gluten free goodies, we do…
Pack yourself a picnic full of healthy, locally produced mouthwatering delicacies – and head outside to enjoy…
Historic buildings, cosy fires, sunny gardens – and of course excellent beer and food.
Specialist seafood restaurants, delicious vegetarian dishes, heart-warming pasta and authentic world food.
You're in wine country here, and it'd be almost rude not to sample an award-winning vino or two.
This year, more than ever, we want to shop local. That's why we've rounded up a few of our favourite independent stores across 1066 Country to offer some festive inspiration.
Hastings & 1066 Country is home to some of Sussex's finest coast and countryside including the famous historic site on which the Battle of Hastings was fought. Whether you're looking for a hotel, B&B, self-catering property or nights spent camping under the stars, we've got something for you.
Country houses, smugglers' inns, spa treatments and views to die for. Let us put you up in style.
Experience the hospitality of 1066 Country in our beautiful B&Bs. Modern boutiques, historic farm houses and restored rectories await.
Riverside camping, wild glamping, cute little shepherd's huts and gypsy caravans – so many options for sleeping out.
With playgrounds, swimming pools and activities on site, these holiday parks are great for a family stay.
Do you prefer to be independent and self-contained on holiday? Have one of these properties all to yourself.
#OriginalByNature @1066Country on instagram. Share your stories with #Visit1066Country


text:
I'm A Celebrity
sudden stop
A Place in the Sun's Jasmine Harman left grinding her teeth as guests bring property tour to a halt
Shannon Power
A PLACE in the Sun presenter Jasmine Harman was left unimpressed by her guests who she could not win over with any property.
The Channel 4 show headed to Spain's Costa Del Sol, where Jasmine was tasked with finding a dream holiday home for Maralyn and her daughter, Nicola.
A Place In The Sun's Jasmine Harman with Maralyn and her daughter, NicolaCredit: Channel 4
The women had a budget of £230,000 and almost equally large list of requirements for their new property.
Maralyn and Nicola wanted to be near nightlife and eateries, but also wanted the holiday home to feature sea views, a lot of space and have at least three bedrooms.
The first place they looked at was a two-bedroom property in the centre of town going for £199,000.
But the second they stepped foot in the apartment, they declared it "small."
Jasmine then took the retiree and her daughter to a more residential part of town and even though it was not the area they were keen on, agreed to have a look.
While the interior was almost perfect, the outdoor space was not, because it was not big enough for hosting barbecues.
BRASSIC ROW
Brassic's Joe Gilgun in furious row 'after being asked to stop smoking weed'
CHLOE WHO?
Chloe Ferry fans spot her real name as she posts boarding pass on luxury holiday
As Jasmine offered to show the women around the property some more, they did the unthinkable and cut the viewing short.
"Do you want to have a look at the rest? Given what you've said about the outside space." Jasmine asked.
Nicola replied: "I think we're fine now, aren't we?"
"We've seen enough and it hasn't got the outside space."
It didn't get much better at the third property, which was an impressive penthouse apartment.
They hadn't even begun looking when Jasmine observed: "You don't seem to be excited."
The women explained they weren't sure they wanted to live in a penthouse apartment.
Jasmine replied: "This isn't the start I was hoping for."
read more on the sun
I ate McDonald's every day for 4 MONTHS... you'll never guess how I look now
Racist football fans to be banned from matches for 10 YEARS after Euros shame
KNOW YOUR NUMBER
Find out how long YOU will live with this simple test
BROTHERLY SHOVE
Charles & Wills urged Queen to strip Andrew of titles in 'hour-long summit'
They looked at a couple more properties as Jasmine panicked they were running out of options.
But they fell in love with the fifth and final property, and decided to put in an offer.
A Place in the Sun airs weekdays on Channel 4 at 4pm.
Jasmine got frustrated with the pair who had a long list of demandsCredit: Channel 4
They were looking for a lot of outdoor space, three bedrooms, sea views and to be near restaurantsCredit: Channel 4
A Place in the Sun's Jasmine Harman red-faced as buyer bursts out laughing at villa 'that looks like a garage'
Do you have a story for The Sun Showbiz team?
Email digishowbiz@the-sun.co.uk or call us direct on 02077824220 .


text:
Q: merge data frames with duplicated indices Is there any way to merge two data frames while one of them has duplicated indices such as following:
dataframe A:
     value
 key
  a    1
  b    2
  b    3
  b    4
  c    5
  a    6

dataframe B:
       number
  key
   a     I
   b     X
   c     V

after merging, I want to have a data frame like the following:
       value      number
  key
   a     1          I
   b     2          X
   b     3          X
   b     4          X
   c     5          V
   a     6          I

Or maybe there are better ways to do it using groupby?

A: Use join:
>>> a = pd.DataFrame(range(1,7), index=list('abbbca'), columns=['value'])
>>> b = pd.DataFrame(['I', 'X', 'V'], index=list('abc'), columns=['number'])
>>> a.join(b)
   value number
a      1      I
a      6      I
b      2      X
b      3      X
b      4      X
c      5      V

A: >>> a.join(b).sort('value')
     value number
key
a        1      I
b        2      X
b        3      X
b        4      X
c        5      V
a        6      I

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Improvements on Gloucester dual carriageway to link the South and the Midlands
A new scheme will improve the A417 Gloucester dual carriageway creating the 'missing link' between the Midlands and the South.
Highways England is leading a scheme to add to the Gloucester dual carriageway A417 to reduce journey times, traffic, and improve the local area. The improvements will create a new 3.4-mile dual carriageway section on the road alongside other road improvements.
The road is expected to improve journey times and road safety. An extra climbing lane will be added to allow slow moving traffic through and some roundabouts will be removed to improve traffic.
Highways England Senior Project Manager Michael Goddard said: "This scheme will bring a number of benefits to the area. Besides making journey times more reliable, reducing rat-running through neighbouring communities, it will also improve the lives of people who live close to the route and make it easier for drivers, walkers and other local road users to get around."
"Improving this key road connection complements the landscape in this area, and also supports the predicted growth in jobs and housing in Gloucestershire."
The work is being designed to cause minimal damage to the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and key stakeholders are involved to restore and improve the landscape. A green bridge will also be built along with other routes to improve connections around the area.
The planned route comes after extensive public consultation to decide on the route. Around 2,000 people were consulted with three quarters supporting the decided road, which was altered based on feedback from the public.
Walking routes in the area will also be improved, including safer access to the Cotswold Way National Trail and the Gloucestershire Way. Funding for the road comes from the Government's £15billion road investment programme, with the project awaiting confirmation of funding from the second Road Investment Strategy due to be confirmed later this year.
The post Improvements on Gloucester dual carriageway to link the South and the Midlands appeared first on UK Construction Online.


text: Writing a JSON API in Golang using standard packages like 'net/http' and MongoDB

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Context: 42% of young people in South AFrica are not in employment, education or training – that's over 6 million people. South Africa is in danger of missing out on the full potential of its young people. The traditional education system is not giving youth the skills they need to thrive in post-school. This can be seen in the rising youth unemployment rate, and the myriad of issues that disproportionately impact young people.
Our Solution: We seek to reverse these trends by focusing on building the inherent assets of young people through social innovation and entrepreneurship. We want to create effective leaders - people who have the desire and ability to identify and access opportunities for a more positive future. Through our leadership programs, youth develop the skills that lead to future employment success and a lasting impact in their communities.
Our Programs: Our curriculum focuses on developing the social and emotional skills that have been associated with future employment success, social responsibility and personal well-being. 91% of enke "graduates" are in education or employment, compared with a national average of 69%. We do this through leadership programs for high school youth, for post-school youth, and specialised services.
This is our flagship leadership program for Grade 10 and 11 learners. It is a 9-month experience in social action and community leadership where learners are trained, inspired and supported to create real change in their communities.
This is a volunteer program for post-secondary youth where participants are connected to a diverse, active network, equipped with skills and experience that increase employability and work-readiness, and inspired towards entrepreneurial endeavours.
This program is for unemployed, out of school youth (18-35 years old) and is a 6-month experience in social enterprise and guided coaching for professional development to increase the likelihood of conversion to employment, enterprise, education or training.
We offer products and services in curriculum development, facilitation, strategy development and monitoring and evaluation. All income from our specialised services goes directly into covering the administrative costs of our programs.


text:
Васильки — деревня в Петушинском районе Владимирской области России, входит в состав Пекшинского сельского поселения.

География
Деревня расположена в 23 км на север от центра поселения деревни Пекша и в 30 км на северо-восток от райцентра города Петушки.

История
Сельцо Васильково входило в состав Алексинского прихода.

В конце XIX — начале XX века деревня входила в состав Короваевской волости Покровского уезда. В 1859 году в деревне числилось 32 дворов, в 1905 году — 38 дворов.

С 1929 года деревня являлась центром Васильковского сельсовета Петушинского района, с 1968 года — в составе Анкудиновского сельсовета, 2005 года — в составе Пекшинского сельского поселения.

Население

Примечания

Населённые пункты Петушинского района


expense reimbursements to our employees an easy process, for both the employee and the accounting side. As a church, it has been hard to find a company willing to put in the extra time and brainwork to get the system set up as we need it. Found both in Expense Point.
been attentive to every question we need answered, and every detail we need worked out to ensure a smooth flow between their reports and our accounting software.
Dear Ruth, Thank you for you great feedback for ExpensePoint and your especially your comments regarding the your implementation experience and working with our team. They are a really devoted group and apply great attention to detail in the implementation and training for each one of our clients. So thank you for you comments and I will pass this along to them. Thank you for choosing ExpensePoint to manage your employee expenses and we appreciate you being our client and look forward to many years of this relationship. Kind regards Paul Ansloos – Vice President Global Sales & Marketing.


A life-saving antidote called naloxone might have been able to save Alex's life, but he died before he had the chance to seek help for his dependency. That's why we partnered with Alex's family to introduce and pass our bipartisan bill Lali's Law in Alex's memory. Now that our bill has been signed into law, Lali's Law is increasing access to naloxone by funding programs designed to help those struggling with addiction.
The World Health Organization predicts increased access to naloxone could save another 20,000 lives every year. In Lake County alone, naloxone has already saved nearly 100 lives.
Alex Laliberte played sports at Stevenson High School, did well in school and cared about his friends and family, but during his sophomore year of college, he was repeatedly hospitalized for a mysterious illness.
Unknown to his family and doctors, Alex had an addiction to prescription drugs and was being hospitalized for his withdrawal. He would stay in the hospital until his symptoms subsided, then he would use again and repeat the cycle.
Alex continued this pattern until he died of a drug overdose a few days after his final exams.
Sadly, heroin takes a life every 3 days in the Chicago suburbs and every 19 minutes across the country. Heroin users frequently say the gateway to their addiction was taking a friend's or relative's prescription drugs.
The good news is that we know there are steps we can take to prevent overdoses, and this summer Congress made significant progress by passing a comprehensive package of bills to prevent overdoses, fight addiction and care for people struggling with drug use.
Lali's Law is an example of what is possible when we set aside partisanship to help keep families safe. Our bipartisan bill brought Alex's story to the United States Congress, and his lasting legacy will now include helping countless others find a second chance at recovery.


text:
Home Remedies, the newest book by Montel Williams, provides you with both the latest and oldest home remedies for all of your aches and pains. Did you know that oatmeal can relieve arthritis, or that almonds can put you to sleep when insomnia strikes? Do you use cayenne pepper to relieve joint pain, or realize that aloe vera works better on eczema than over the counter medicine? You can find these remedies and so much more by reading this book. Montel uses these remedies at the comfort of his own home, and you can too. When sickness strikes, seek comfort in your own home.
HOME REMEDIES ALTERNATIVES
Magic Bristle Gloves
Liftdini
Dryer Maid
Sift And Toss
Ez Cover
Steam And Out
Infomercial As Seen on TV
Montel Williams, a celebrity, talk show host, and salesman, introduces this book, which he claims has home remedies that he uses whenever he's feeling sick. These remedies are all natural, and according to him have no side effects and cost less than most medicines. He claims that oatmeal can relieve arthritis pain, claims that cayenne pepper can take care of aching joints, and says that aloe vera works better on eczema than most medicines can. He even claims that eating a few almonds can help out when you're having trouble sleeping. Montel says that these remedies and more can be found in his book.
Total Price Explained
The cost of Home Remedies is $19.99 plus $7.99 shipping, for a total price of $27.98.
New book from Montel Williams gives you all of the home remedies in one.
Households ingredients without the horrible side effects of medicine.
Use oatmeal to treat your arthritis.
Use cayenne pepper to relieve joint pain.
Aloe Vera works better than most medicines when it comes to treating eczema.
Find these natural cures and so much more by reading this book.
Used to relieve pain.
Used to take care of a lot of symptoms naturally.
Used if you want at-home solutions to problems.
The book contains all natural remedies that Montel Williams uses when he's suffering from ailments. There are also natural remedies that have been overheard from people. These remedies will cure your problems without the horrible side effects of normal medication.
If there's a remedy for something that you suffer from, purchase the ingredients and use it as the book directs.
Why Does Shipping Take 3-6 Weeks?
Three to six weeks is a placeholder that Telebrands uses. Shipping will most likely take less time, but due to to high demand, sometimes it will take that long. However, Telebrands tries to keep in stock to prevent back orders.
How Do I Change An Incorrect Order?
Simply contact Telebrands Customer Service by calling 1-855-668-1655. Provide your phone number/email, last name, and zip code to allow them to find the order. After giving them the correct info, it will take 24 hours to change.
Payment is charged after the order ships, meaning you won't have to worry.
Customer Service Contact Information
Telebrands is committed to giving you the best customer service possible. If you have any questions, feel free to contact them and they'll help you get everything sorted out.
Hours: M-F: 8 AM-11 PM EST Sat-Sun 9 AM-6 PM EST
Telebrands Customer Care
79 Two Bridges Road
REVIEWS, COMMENTS, & QUESTIONS
TVStuffOnline.com © 2021 All Rights Reserved


A five-year test program finds butanol to replace ethanol as industry continues improvements to energy efficiency, addresses Renewable Fuel Standard.
Engine manufacturers from across the recreational Boating industry have identified biobutanol as a suitable and safe alternative biofuel to ethanol, a controversial biofuel due to its damaging effects on numerous types of engines, including those that power recreational boats.
For the past five years, the National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA) and the American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) under the direction and guidance of the U.S. Department of Energy and Argonne National Laboratory, have been engaged in an industry-supported program to evaluate the performance of recreational marine engines operated on fuel containing up to 16 percent biobutanol.
The research and subsequent resolution to formally move forward with butanol as an industry-wide biofuel alternative comes as the industry focuses on addressing the congressionally-mandated Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requiring 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel to be blended into the gasoline supply by 2022.
The recreational Boating industry is highly focused on the need to move towards alternative, renewable fuels and continues to support that effort. However, it is important to find fuel sources that are not only renewable but also safe for all engines and consumers who may use them. Methods to increase renewable fuels in the gasoline supply have primarily focused on ethanol, specifically fuel with a higher blend of ethanol such as E15 (fuel with 15 percent ethanol).
Multiple reports show that ethanol blends greater than 10 percent cause significant damage to marine engines. As a result, the marine industry has explored biobutanol fuel blends with very promising results. Most notably, biobutanol does not phase separate in the presence of water like ethanol.
Phase separation occurs when water is introduced and ethanol separates from gasoline, forming two separate solutions. An engine won't run on the ethanol solution, which sinks to the bottom of the tank and is highly corrosive.
Additional encouraging properties of biobutanol are its higher energy content compared to ethanol and the fact that it has caused no performance-related issues in marine engines.
While large scale consumer availability of biobutanol fuel blends is not expected for another couple of years, the Boating industry's supportive position is poised to encourage its market expansion by providing marine fuel distributors, retailers and consumers with the confidence that this is not only a suitable, but a more compatible fuel for boats.
Paul Beckwith, CEO at Butamax™ Advanced Biofuels said "Butamax welcomes NMMA's findings on the compatibility of fuel blends of up to 16 percent biobutanol with marine engines. We believe that these results from the extensive evaluation performed by NMMA and its partners are a powerful addition to the large body of work on biobutanol compatibility with automotive engines and fueling infrastructure which Butamax has sponsored and published.
The recreational Boating industry's biobutanol research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, coordinated through Argonne National Laboratory. The testing results have been fully documented in published peer reviewed studies.
Those participating in the testing from the recreational Boating industry include engine manufacturers Volvo-Penta, Evinrude, Yamaha, Mercury Marine, Honda, Tohatsu and Indmar as well as the National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA), the American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) and the United States Coast Guard (USCG).
For more information on biobutanol, visit the U.S. Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center.
National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA) is the leading association representing the recreational Boating industry in North America. NMMA member companies produce more than 80 percent of the boats, engines, trailers, accessories and gear used by boaters and anglers throughout the U.S. and Canada.
The association is dedicated to industry growth through programs in public policy advocacy, market statistics and research, product quality assurance and promotion of the Boating lifestyle. For more information, visit http://www.nmma.org.


An artist rendering of Douglas Gardens, an affordable housing community under construction in Pembroke Pines. Amenities include a multi-purpose community room, a computer lab, and a courtyard. The community is expected to open in early 2019.
Last year was a notable year for affordable housing in Broward County. As momentum builds around the issue, it is time to provide the funding needed to get more affordable units built, increase the income of employees to reduce the gap between wages and housing costs, and improve our existing affordable housing stock.
In no other time in Broward's history has there been such a focus on the affordable housing crisis.
Last November, 73 percent of voters agreed that we needed to create the Broward County Affordable Housing Trust Fund. In the fall, The City of Hollywood and Broward County entered into a Inter Local Agreement, which will invest millions of dollars annually into low to moderate income housing across the city for neighborhood revitalization.
In addition, Fort Lauderdale is looking to partner with the Housing Authority of Fort Lauderdale to build hundreds of affordable units on vacant land that the city owns. Tamarac recently passed an additional homestead exemption for seniors, specifically targeting those properties with lower values. And Broward County Public Schools passed an updated impact waiver fee program for affordable housing developers.
Also in 2018 the Coordinating Council of Broward published Housing Broward: An Inclusive Plan, Broward's first comprehensive strategic plan to address the affordable housing crisis. Since then we have seen the business community, government and non-profits working together. The success of shutting down the homeless encampment downtown was one of the most visible ways to show this collaboration, but we know that long-term housing issues can't be resolved as easily.
Investments in affordable housing can create discretionary income for families by alleviating housing cost burdens. It helps families afford other basic needs such as health care, child care, food and transportation, not to mention being able to become active citizens in their neighborhoods.
But strictly from a financial perspective, government funding for affordable housing is highly leveraged with private sector investment, greatly increasing economic development, creating short term and long term jobs, and reducing social service needs.
There is no way to downplay the significant price tag of building new affordable housing units. South Florida has some of the strictest building codes in the country, construction costs continue to climb and the process to build is long and arduous. Affordable housing can best be described as market-rate housing with a subsidy, either an incentive on the front end for the developer to bring down the overall cost to build, or additional vouchers on the back end for cost-burdened individuals and families to be able to afford to live in market-rate units.
We have the plan, we have the momentum. Now it's time to take the next step and look at significant dedicated funding sources that can be committed to affordable housing on an annual basis.
Sandra Veszi Einhorn is the executive director of the Coordinating Council of Broward.


This is a low detail version of Photon Fury just to get it to post on RVZ you can download the full version from the following link.
Photon Fury is a remake of my old Photon 5 car. It comes with three parameter sets and nine different paint schemes. Three are included on the Rookie version, three on the Advanced version and three on the Pro version. The paint schemes are compatible with all three parameter sets but you'll have to rename them before you move them to a different folder. Currently each version is in it's own folder, eventually I'd like to see a parameter file switch in RVGL similar to the paint scheme switch we have now. If this ever gets implemented I will update this car to utilize it.


A federal jury Wednesday convicted an American missionary of sexually abusing children in an orphanage he ran in Phnom Penh.
Daniel Stephen Johnston, of Coos Bay, Oregon, has already spent a year in prison in Cambodia and will likely serve more jail time after he is sentenced in August.
This undated photo shows Daniel Stephen Johnson.
"The despicable nature of this defendant's conduct is beyond understanding," U.S. Attorney Billy J. Williams said. "Whether you are abusing children in this country or abroad, you will be pursued and held accountable in a court of law. The fact that this defendant abused children under the guise of being a missionary and orphanage operator is appalling."
Johnson was a Christian missionary who housed several children at his Cambodian orphanage. Prosecutors say he sexually abused or tried to abuse at least nine children between 2005 and 2013. His victims were between 8 and 17 years old.
After his arrest and imprisonment in Cambodia, the FBI brought Johnson back to the U.S. for trial in 2015.
Prosecutors also say while awaiting trial, Johnson attempted to obstruct justice by trying to tamper with witnesses by offering them money and gifts and encouraging them to lie.


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Lost Cases of Sherlock Holmes Game Review
Sherlock Holmes cases are notoriously known for being complex and exciting and this all new game from the series delivers both of these traits in abundance in this highly captivating new addition to the series. Lead your favourite detective into one of his most complex cases so far where you will need to use all of your skill and know how to solve the puzzle and save the day.
Lost Cases of Sherlock Holmes takes you on a journey through many different crime scenes and locations with beautifully created graphics and seamless game play which make this game a true hit among the gaming world.
Computer/PC/laptop
We have compiled a Review System for this, of which is Rated as Five Stars, the highest possible score from the Games Reviews team.
The website address for Legacy Games is: http://www.legacygames.com/
The website address for Lost Cases of Sherlock Holmes is: http://sherlockgame.com/


Safely and effectively repels animals without chemicals, visually objectionable barriers or shock.
Operates unattended and 'sprays' when movement is detected.
ScareCrow protects day and night for up to 6 months (or 3000+ activations) on one 9 volt battery.
Can be used in neighborhoods where fences are not allowed.
Only uses 2-to 3 cups of water per deterrence and can usually be used in communities engaged in restricted lawn watering practices.
Water flow through stake allows easy extension of coverage with additional Scarecrows.
Your ScareCrow includes the following easy to assemble components and requires only a garden hose and a 9 volt battery to install.
With the optional Scarecrow Mounting Bracket the Scarecrow can be mounted on a fence or post.
All you have to do is to position the ScareCrow so the area you wish to protect is within its 105 degree detection area. Avoid pointing at any moving objects to prevent "false triggering", i.e., sidewalks, roads or waterfalls.
And, then, adjust the sensitivity dial to the lowest setting that will still pick up your target animal (see chart in instructions). 5 worked great on our squirrels!
The ScareCrow comes with a 30 day money-back guarantee and a two-year warranty. If you experience any problems with this product, call Contech at 1-800-767-8658. Be sure to register your product when it arrives, you can do this here.
Failure is frustrating. Perseverance pays. Success is sweet.
A long time ago, when we first moved to our country 'estate', we planted roses. Dumb city people that we were, we thought it was enough to finally have the space to plant anything we wanted. In four years there were no more roses: the deer destroyed them all. A bunch of years went by and we decided to fence in a rather large area. Ah, I thought, now I can plant roses. So I filled a space with roses and planted Veronica and Catmint in and around them for extra color. But no color came. Every time a leaf would grow, a bunny or squirrel would chew it right off. The squirrels were so bad that they would actually sit on the fence and hold meetings, no doubt deciding which plant they would strip today. For two years, I had not one bloom and no plant over an inch tall. Oh, the Salvia apiana grew big, but nothing eats that and it doesn't really have any color even when it is blooming; and that was, after all, the purpose of this garden, TO MAKE COLOR!
Not being a violent person (my neighbor actually shoots the varmints), and not wanting to use poisons (goes against what I believe, have to think about the dogs, etc.), I was coming up empty, as was my garden. Then about three months ago, I came across a gadget called the Scarecrow, a motion detector that has a sprinkler attached. I was pretty skeptical, especially when we put the battery in and it just sat there (well, I thought it was a fresh battery; who can tell the way the kids are always leaving them lying around). Anyway, a new battery actually made this simple device kick on. Hooked up to the garden hose and aimed at the garden, it has been protecting my bed for a couple of months now. I am tickled pink with the way it works. The roses are growing and have buds. The Veronicas and the Catmints are over a foot now. Even the Salvia apiana looks better, but that might just be my imagination.
Now, I am after another Scarecrow for my vegetable garden. Last year I thought I had it made because I planted all my tomatoes and peppers in our Gopher Guard Cages, but, between the squirrels and the deer, I didn't get a single red orb. It never used to be like this, but the past five years we have been overrun with wildlife. I am hoping to return to tomato crops of yesteryear. I think I will even put in some extra Winter Savory and Basil. After all, I want to have enough to turn all those luscious Roma Paste Tomatoes into my special sauce.


What do we mean by "wellness at work"? For starters, it's about far more than mere physical wellness. It concerns all of the components of employee wellness, including physical health, of course, but also mental, emotional, financial, and social well-being. Each of these different components of wellness affects all the others. For example, if an employee is having an emotional crisis, they're probably feeling the mental and physical impacts of them too. The result? They underperform, despite their best efforts.
These disengaged employees, and the lost productivity they cause, are why workplaces everywhere are prioritizing wellness initiatives today in order to better thrive.
Holistic workplace wellness:In 2019, wellness programs which consider the whole person and include other important aspects of overall employee wellbeing such as stress reduction, emotional health, eating and sleeping habits, and even good posture are becoming important. There is also increasing awareness about mental health in the workplace. In 2019, more companies will be investing in mental health resources and education to ensure their teams are well supported.
Emphasis on self-care:Apple listed self-care as the trend of the year in 2018, but it will continue to gain traction this year, as more companies realize that self-care is no longer an indulgence but essential for employee health. One aspect of self-care that has been on the rise in the workplace is mindfulness practices. It's being offered at some of the world's biggest companies to reduce workplace stress and boost productivity. Self-care can help prevent burnout from work, help manage stress, and boost feelings of self-worth and confidence.
Taking burnoutseriously: Another Gallup survey said that 44% of employees reported feeling burned out at work "very often or always". Employees who consistently experience high levels of burnout are twice as likely to feel that the amount of time their job takes makes it difficult to fulfill their family responsibilities. They're even 23% more likely to visit the emergency room. Employee burnout impacts all industries, resulting in lost productivity, low engagement, increased errors and a higher rate of workplace accidents. Burnout can be addressed by encouraging employees to relax and recharge – and providing them with ample ways to do so, from allowing sufficient break periods to offering classes in yoga, meditation, or other relaxation techniques.
Financialwellness resources: According to Corporate Insight's 2018 Employee Financial Wellness Survey, more than 40% percent of respondents said they are very concerned about budgeting, health insurance, health care costs, emergency savings, and retirement planning. Around 38% said that concerns about credit and debt management preoccupy them. Employees with financial worries sleep poorly, and their fatigue and stress can lead to reduced efficiency and increased errors. Incorporating financial wellness into a workplace wellness program can help employees become better educated about their personal finances, and reduce much of the stress associated with finances. Employees who aren't worried about personal finances will also be able to fully concentrate on their jobs.
Wellness personalization:Wellness isn't a "one-size-fits-all" solution, becauseinitiatives that are important to one employee might not be as important to another. To create a more personalized experience for employees, many companies are beginning to analyze and integrate employee data from multiple sources such as health assessments, biometrics, interests, platform usage, and more to create wellness profiles. Employees benefit from wellness programs uniquely tailored to their needs, while employers benefit from a healthier, more productive, and more engaged workforce – resulting in a better bottom line.


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Sometimes it is enough to sand by hand using traditional sandpaper, but for larger jobs an electric sander can achieve better results. At Clas Ohlson you can find various models of detail sanders, some of which are battery operated and others are mains operated. Every model is flexible and designed to access corners and recesses. Read more about the different detail sanders to help you choose the best product for you.


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So, another wonderful season of the best sport in the world just ended. Honestly it's not important who won I'm just glad we had the journey. What's next? Personally, I can't wait for March. I LOVE the NCAA Tournament and it's probably the best post-season of any sports played in or around America. If amateur sports aren't your thing the NBA is FINALLY starting to heat up. You guys seeing all this Lebron drama? My goodness what a trip that guy is.
Anyway, soon pitchers and catchers will report for spring training and we're just a couple of short months from MLB's Opening Day. Spring will have officially sprung. Lets also not forget about the NFL draft and college football spring games.
After the start of baseball and NFL draft and everything else we'll be working our way into the summer months. What's that mean? You guessed it; NBA playoffs. Such a great and long playoff. Can you believe 8 teams from each conference make it in? Even the 16th worst team in the league could, in theory, win the whole thing. What drama! What parity!
Finally, after the NBA playoffs and some summer baseball, football will be back and all will be right in the world. Until then, hang tight sports fans. It's going to be ok.


How much should I pay to use 100offer?
Using of the 100offer platform is free of charge. Unlike many recruitment portals, we only charge when we have delivered. You pay us only when one of our candidates is on-board at your company. Before that you pay us nothing. Our Account Manager can provide further details after registration.
Why should I choose 100offer as my recruitment partner?
100offer is probably the only platform on which you can connect with top technology professionals in high volume and in depth. We don't just give you the CVs of our pre-screened candidates. We give you access to their job preferences, social network presences, etc. All that means you can free yourself from the hassle of sourcing, and focus on communicating and interviewing. In short, we can make your recruitment process much more efficient.
What kind of candidates can you offer?
At 100offer our focus is mid-to-senior level IT talent. Whether you need technical professionals, designers, or product and operations staff, we can offer you the candidates you need to reach your business goals.
Why am I viewing anonymous profiles without contact details?
When you have seen a profile you like and sent an invitation to the candidate, full contact details will be visible on acceptance.
What attracts 100offer candidates to accept an invitation?
1) Make sure that you understand a candidate's career and location preferences. If the offered position doesn't match up well with these, acceptance rates are usually very low.
2) Please complete the 'company info' page. Give the clearest possible explanation of your product, business model, team composition, tech stack, finance situation, etc.
3) Write a short and concise invitation with clear descriptions of the responsibility and scope of the position.
4) Add a more personalized message if you can. It's a crowded field and friendliness really helps you stand out.
5) Last, but certainly not least, a salary matching candidate expectations always helps.
When can I expect a reply from the candidate after sending out the invitation?
Once you have invited a candidate we will also notify them of your interest via email and text. At this point of course the ball is very much in the candidate's court. If your offer matches their career objectives, most candidates respond very quickly. However there are others who take more time. Please be patient.
How can I share profiles with my colleagues?
It's easy. You can share in the candidates' profile page by entering your colleague's email address. You can also download the profile to send on to interested parties by any method you like.
You can also add your colleague as a "co-organizer" for a specific interview invitation, and manage the hiring process together with you.
Am I only able to hire full-time employees on 100offer?
No, we also provide contractor and freelancer solutions. Please contact your Account Manager for more information.
I am not able to hire foreigners and sponsor a work visa. Could you provide such filters?
Yes, we have a specific filter called catered to your need, that you will be able to filter candidates without visa sponsorship requirements.


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'All The Pretty Horses' [Blu-ray]
(Matt Damon, Henry Thomas, Pen�lope Cruz, Lucas Black, Sam Shepard, Robert Patrick, et al / Blu-ray / PG-13 / (2000) 2020 / Mill Creek Entertainment)
Overview: Academy Award�-winner Matt Damon (1997, Best Original Screenplay, Good Will Hunting) stars in director Billy Bob Thornton's action-filled tale of love and loss based on Cormac McCarthy's best-selling novel.
John Grady Cole (Damon) and his best friend Lacey Rawlins (Henry Thomas) leave Texas and head south of the border in search of adventure and find work as horse wranglers.
But when Cole embarks on an illicit and passionate affair with the beautiful daughter (Pen�lope Cruz, Blow, Vanilla Sky) of the wealthy ranch owner who is his employer, events are set into motion which forever change the lives of all involved.
Blu-ray Verdict: Making its Blu-ray debut, here on the 20th Anniversary of the original theatrical release, 'All The Pretty Horses' is an excellent, epic western saga about two Texans who wind up in Mexico and all the trials and tribulations they go through, most of which are fascinating.
I've watched this film several times and it gets better and better with each viewing. The acting, storytelling and magnificent photography all made it a treasure of a film -- and a very underrated movie. It's easy to get very involved in this haunting tale.
Those two lead guys are played by Matt Damon ("John Grady Cole") and Henry Thomas ("Lacey Rawlins.") Along the way they are joined by the most interesting character of all of them: "Jimmy Blevins," played by Lucas Black. Jimmy is a nice kid but he's big-time trouble. His haunting face in his last scene is memorable.
Penelope Cruz is the attractive love interest, surrounded by a protective Mexican family. That family, mainly a father and aunt, were really enjoyable to watch, too, and I wish they had bigger roles in here.
Not only is the acting good and photography stunning, the soundtrack with Spanish music is outstanding. I've read they actually filmed this for a four-hour movie. Man, I'd love to see that.
The only things I didn't care for were Thomas' blasphemous mouth and a couple of unpleasant scenes where the innocent lead characters are accused of things they didn't do and suffer because of it.
In closing, 'All The Pretty Horses' really isn't an action movie, but much more of a drama and it's excellent storytelling at its finest. It also has narration from Damon, who is good at that sort of thing.
Overall, it's just such a powerful movie with a lot of good things to offer and so if you like good stories, don't pass this one up. This is a Widescreen Presentation (2.35:1) enhanced for 16x9 TVs.
'All The Pretty Horses' [Blu-ray] is out April 7th, 2020 via Mill Creek Entertainment.
www.MillCreekEnt.com