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Defending Flanagan
April 10, 2008 by Greg Sandow
I was dismayed at the response to Robert J. Flanagan's very long, very serious, though very academic report on orchestra finances. (Unavoidably academic, however, because Flanagan is an academic.) Could be that I'll sound impatient in what follows, for which I either apologize or not. I'm not sure.
But here's the background. For many years, the Andrew W. Mellon foundation funded more than a dozen orchestras through a program designed to encourage innovation, called the Orchestra Forum. The strengths and weaknesses of that endeavor aren't something I'm going to discuss here, but I was involved for some of its run, as a "fellow" of the program, going to its biannual retreats and participating in all discussions. And it was from one of those discussions that the Flanagan report was born. The executive director of one of the Big Five was worried about orchestra finances, and convened a meeting attended by representatives of several orchestras, including at least two other high-powered executive directors, but also musicians, and members of various orchestras' boards and staffs. I was at this meeting. The subject of discussion were what the people there called "structural deficits" – what they saw as a long-term pattern of orchestras' expenses growing faster than their income. Obviously this problem – if real – was serious. So out of this meeting grew something called the Elephant Task Force, a group of board members, musicians, and staff members from a variety of orchestras, who met under Mellon's auspices to study the problem. The name, of course, comes from the notion of the elephant in the room that no one wants to acknowledge, in this case the serious financial problems that – at least as Task Force members saw it – weren't being faced.
Eventually the Task Force made its report, which was delivered at one of the Orchestra Forum retreats by the board chairman of the orchestra whose executive director had started all this rolling. His report was dramatic. I'm not going to go into any detail about what was said, but it was dire, including projections that showed how a major orchestra (unnamed) could easily go out of business not many years in the future. I don't know that I've ever had such a shock in all my years in this business.
But where should the Task Force – and its dire predictions – go from there? One thought was to have its work repeated by an economist. Enter Flanagan, commissioned by Mellon to study what the Elephant Task force had studied, to see if its conclusions were correct. What he came up with is milder than the Task Force's presentation – no predictions of demise. But certainly he supported the ideathat orchestras have structural deficits, and, though he didn't use the term, that notion was a central part of his report.
Which is why I'm going to seem impatient.
One big reaction to the report was people not even remotely understanding what Flanagan said, and thinking instead that he'd only reported something obvious, that orchestras have deficits, that their income from ticket sales can't alone support them. "Duh!" said many people, with scathing derision, most famously here, but also echoed here and here (and probably other places). This stupid guy works all this time, we're told, backed by a major foundation, and all he comes up with is something everybody knows. Orchestras can't earn all the money it takes to run them. Duh! But that's a complete misunderstanding of what the report actually says. I'll grant that report isn't lively to read, and that Flanagan does repeat, maybe more than he needs to, the statement that orchestras can't pay their expenses with earned income alone. Maybe he does this because he's an outsider to the field, and maybe to the entire non-profit world, so the fact of deficits is more notable to him than it is to people – who'd certainly include everyone making fun of him – who live with this information every day. But then William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen also keep repeating this very basic fact in their seminal 1966 study, Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma –which was an important starting point for Flanagan, as it should be for anyone looking at performing arts financial issues – and nobody made fun of them.
But what did Flanagan really say? Now we're back to those structural deficits, strongly sensed by people directly involved with them – orchestra people, musicians, board members, and staff members – and strongly stressed in the Elephant Task Force report. Flanagan (though, as I said, without using the term) said that they exist, that for orchestras, the gap between earned income and expenses is constantly increasing.Here's where he summarizes that, on page 28 of his report:
For most orchestras the trend increase in real performance expenses is two to four times as large as the trend increase in real performance income.…[T]he majority of orchestras have continued to experience a long-term worsening of the performance income gap, even after controlling for the perturbations introduced by changes in general economic conditions that are beyond the control of the symphony community. Even if orchestras adjust successfully to the cyclical "weather," the long-run economic "climate" of the industry produces ever-increasing performance deficits. [Those are his italics.]
And just to make everything clear: When Flanagan talks about "performance deficits" he doesn't mean bottom-line deficits, the kind that leave orchestras in the red at the end of a fiscal year, and therefore in debt, because they spent more money than they take in. He knows perfectly well that orchestras raise money far beyond what they earn in ticket sales, and that overall their budgets are in balance. A "performance deficit" simply means the difference between the amount of income earned through ticket sales and the amount of income needed. This constantly is growing, and while it doesn't leave orchestras floundering in helpless debt, it certainly puts pressure on them.
Or, to put this differently: As time goes on, a smaller portion of orchestras' budget comes from ticket sales, and therefore a larger portion of their budget has to be raised from private and institutional donors. So, as the decades pass, orchestras have to work harder and harder to raise the money they need.
Did the people who laughed at Flanagan know that he was saying this? Do they themselves know that, over time, the gap between earned income and expenses has constantly grown larger? And about what Flanagan concluded:
First, Baumol and Bowen came to exactly the same conclusion in 1966, after a similarly serious academic study. Second, the conclusion is supported by data. As Flanagan points out (and as I wrote long ago right here in my blog), orchestras used to get much more of their income from ticket sales than they do now. In fact, there's been a constant decline in this for 70 years (and maybe even longer, if we only had earlier data to show us what was happening). In the 1930s, orchestras earned, on the average, 85% of their budgets from ticket sales. In 1962 the figure was 58% and in 1972 it had fallen to 47%. It's a lot lower now. So it's hard to dispute Flanagan's conclusion. What he did was put the data on firmer ground, adjusting it to eliminate bumps and dips created by the economic ups and downs, so we can see the data in its purest form.
Third, there's an economic principle that predicts that this will happen, called, variously, "Baumol's dilemma" or "Baumol's disease" or "Baumol's curse." Baumol, who's been called the most distinguished economist who's never won the Nobel Prize, came up with this principle in his 1960s study. Basically it says that enterprises not engaged in manufacturing – and especially service industries – don't show gains in productivity equal to the productivity gains in the rest of the economy. Thus they're always lagging behind financially, always looking for more and more cash to pay the rising expenses that everybody has, but which they have trouble meeting, because their productivity doesn't rise.
Or, more specifically: If I run a car company, over the long run I spend less and less money to make more and more cars. This is because, thanks to productivity increases, I can make more cars with the same number of employees. (Or, unfortunately, even fewer, which is one reason why Michigan is a wasteland of unemployment.) Thanks to this , I can pay my employees more, and I have money to set aside for research and innovation.
But if I'm an orchestra, I'm playing masterworks with the same number of musicians I used in 1937. And my staff is bigger – I'm now paying many people to raise money for the orchestra, while in 1937 I had no fundraising staff at all. (And no marketing staff, either – both funding and ticket sales more or less took care of themselves, or at least were vastly easier than they are today.) So, roughly speaking, putting on concerts costs me the same amount it did in 1937. Purely in fiscal terms, I haven't gotten more productive. But meanwhile salaries have risen, across the board, throughout the economy, and I have to pay those salaries. So I'm in an economic bind. I'm always squeezed – I always have to find more money than I needed a decade ago.
Or, more simply, my ticket sales just don't pay as large a part of my expenses as they used to – which is exactly what in fact has happened.
So there's no doubt that Flanagan is right. And if anything, he understates how serious the situation is. Yes, orchestras have found ways to raise the money that they need. But there's always the potential for a serious crisis, and one in fact arose late in the 1960s, when the largest orchestras expanded their seasons and raised musicians' salaries – and when the costs of that collided with the long-term trend of getting less and less income from ticket sales.
And so the largest orchestras, back in 1969, really thought that they were going out of business. I have to laugh a little here (however grimly), because classical music optimists keep saying, "Oh, all this talk of gloom and doom is ridiculous. People are always saying classical music will die!" And, then, often enough, they'll cite newspaper stories from the late '60s and early '70s, predicting orchestras' demise. Ha! they say. It never happened! See how silly these predictions are?
But what really happened? The crisis was very real. And so the Big Five hired McKinsey, the big consulting firm, to study what was going on. McKinsey did a preliminary study, and then a bigger one in 1972, working now for a consortium of 28 large orchestras. (See my blog posts about this, here and here.)
The conclusions? Orchestras were in really big trouble, and the only solution was for the federal government to fund 25% of every orchestra's budget. We know that didn't happen. So how did orchestras survive?
It's simple – they developed the funding structure we take for granted now, in which they work feverishly to get donations from individuals, corporations, and foundations. And they staff large development departments to do that work. This all evolved during the 1970s, in response to the late '60s financial crisis that orchestras quite genuinely had.
Which shows that the funding pressure, growing over time, can get quite serious. It can lead orchestras to completely reinvent the way they fund themselves. So what happens if they have another crisis like the one in 1969? What happens if the percentage of income from ticket sales keeps falling – which we have no reason to believe won't happen – and other funding, under stronger pressure now, falls short? (Which could happen, for many reasons, one of which is the decline in concert attendance that Flanagan cites, and which I've noted in my blog before, here, for instance. One important source of donors, for orchestras, is the people who go to concerts. So if the number of people going to concerts falls, the number of donors ought to fall, too, at least in the future. Flanagan doesn't note this danger, and also doesn't mention the late-'60s crisis.)
There's more to say about Flanagan, of course. The study has its flaws, and some details of it have been strongly challenged, privately, to me, by a consultant who's worked with major orchestras. He thinks, for instance, that Flanagan is wrong in one of his other notable conclusions, which is that money spent on marketing and fund-raising may not do much good. (He also thinks orchestras will have a major financial crisis in the next few years.)
And I can understand, at least a little, the anger of the musicians in ICSOM. Flanagan does say that musicians' salaries, during the period he studied, rose faster than the consumer price index. I find his other comments on salaries very mild – he's hardly saying that salaries should be cut back. But musicians are sensitive.
And – as Flanagan, for whatever reason, doesn't note – some orchestras have negotiated pay cuts in recent years, sometimes temporary ones, sometimes longer lasting. So no wonder musicians fly up in anger when the subject seems to come up, as maybe it seemed to in Flanagan's report. (The consultant I mentioned says, by the way, that musicians' pay hasn't risen any faster than the pay of other highly trained professions, a comparison that Flanagan might have made, but didn't.)
But what I can't understand – or at least don't have much sympathy for – is the hysteria (there's no other word) in the musicians' response. When they start talking about "our great art form," as they do toward the end of their statement, it's clear that their emotions have surged way beyond overdrive. It's as if they're afraid of bad news. "Bankruptcy used as a fund raising tool," they scream. "Ridiculous." But Flanagan never talks about bankruptcy. Nor does he think that orchestras are going bankrupt. And if the financial news is bad, should orchestras hide it?
Are they even able to hide it? This actually is a subject discussed behind the scenes in the orchestra world, and with my own ears I've heard at least one powerful orchestra manager say the public should never be told how bad things are, because that would scare off donors. The answer of course would be that donors would be more than scared if they find out they've been lied to. They'll be furious.
But there's an additional problem with hiding bad news – you might go into denial, and hide the bad news (or at least the extent of its badness) even from yourself. At least if you admit your problems it publicly, you're forced to do something about them. (Or at least to say you are.)The ICSOM musicians, I fear, sound like they're in the denial zone, since one reading of their statement might be something like this: Bad news is bad for us! So there isn't any!
And one final point. Some critics of the report seem to have anointed themselves as economists, and go around disputing any economic analysis that they decide they don't like. I found this happening when I e-mailed privately with one published critic of the report, someone I'm friendly with, and I'll admit I called him on it. There's also a notable music blogger whom I won't name, someone I otherwise greatly respect, who – though he probably wouldn't tell physicists what's wrong with the theory of relativity – runs out to tell the world why Baumol was wrong, why Baumol's dilemma shouldn't be taken seriously. Which isn't to say that economists, even distinguished ones, can't be wrong. (And Baumol, often cited as a top candidate for the Nobel Prize, is certainly distinguished. I won't offer any single link here. Just Google "Baumol Nobel Prize" and see what you get.) And of course economists can disagree with each other. But I had a cognitive psychologist pester me, via e-mail, with total nonsense about Pierre Boulez. And at one of the Mellon meetings, an arrogant consultant told some of us that professional conductors aren't needed, that orchestral musicians should just take turns conducting their orchestras. When we tried to tell him why he was wrong, he smugly told us that we were standing in the way of innovation.
So how would an impartial panel of economists react to this blogger's post? Choose one:
This man is right. And he's taught us something! None of us ever thought of anything he said.
Yes, he has a point. We've disputed these things among ourselves, and some of us say pretty much what he does.
Sorry. Some of us might disagree with Baumol, but this man doesn't understand the principles involved. What he says doesn't make sense to any of us, even those who come to the same conclusion he does.
Though from what I've gathered – and I, as a non-economist,
could of course be wrong – there's no serious disagreement with Baumol's theory. Well, at least I covered myself by saying that I could be wrong. I am wrong. Some economists do argue with Baumol, and you can find these arguments in a standard text, The Economics of Art and Culture, by James Heilbrun and Charles M. Gray. I've ordered that book, and will find out what sense I can make of the debate. But I'd urge you take this as en example not only of me making a mistake, but of how tricky it can be for non-experts to venture into expert territory.
Robert E. Harris says
Outside the manufacturing-construction sector there have been very small productivity increases over the past 50 years. This is true for education, the justice system, medicine, the arts, the military, and so on. Introduction of computers has increased productivity in a few areas, but very little overall. Almost everything that depends mainly on people to get it done costs a larger fraction of the GNP (per unit output) than it did 50 years ago.
Private colleges have attacked the problem most successfully by raising larger endowments. I think symphony orchestras must do the same to survive.
Ken Nielsen says
Well analyzed Greg.
Those who argue that the business will survive as it always has should at least ask themselves if they are comfortable with an ever increasing amount – and percentage of budget – going on fund raising and marketing.Most organisations will soon, if they have not already, reached the flat part of the S curve in response to greater spending.
I don't know the answer but all my business experience tells me that solutions come from many people worrying about a problem and trying possible solutions. A solution is unlikely to come from a commission representing the industry.
So, lots of experimentation and lots of exchange of experience, please.
Jeane Goforth says
Wow. This certainly explains a lot of my organization's interaction with the local symphony management as well as the musicians. The 'great art form' attitude creates a barrier with the wider community. That's why we're getting free teaching space at a local rock club and the Jazz Hall of Fame–and a cold shoulder from the classical crowd. Even though we have taken almost two dozen people to their first symphony concerts ever.
Paul Werner says
You have my sympathy. The reactions you describe remind me of the horror that greeted William Schuman (who was then President of Juilliard), when he told the Rockefellers they had no business complaining that the arts would run a deficit at Lincoln Center: they should have thought of it before they built the behemoth.
Structural deficits don't come from the Structural Deficit Fairy. Sometimes, even an economist can figure that out.
Cordially,
Andrew Taylor says
Thanks for this thoughtful commentary on a complex and strangely feared report. It's a challenge to bring evidence-based analysis and emotion-based reasoning into the same debate (just ask any presidential candidate). But it's so essential to bring data, rigor, and clarity to the public conversation — ESPECIALLY when we're passionate about sustaining and advancing an art form or discipline.
In fact, what's lost in the larger kerfuffle over the Flanagan report seems to be that the ENTIRE POINT of academic analysis such as this is to be disputed. By bringing clarity and data to a complex issue, and forming a conclusion, we all have something more solid to respond to, dispute, and adapt.
The cultural leaders I admire most EMBRACE insights and research that contradict their current understanding. They argue about it publicly, with respect and clarity. And they are humble in considering that their own conclusions are likely flawed as well.
If we love our art forms, we should engage any opportunity to inform our thinking and challenge our assumptions. If we deny such opportunities, then we're probably more motivated by our job than our love for the art.
Nathan Kahn says
So let us for the moment assume the relevance of the application of Baumol's theory to symphony orchestras (which I do not). Let's make orchestras more "productive." To begin with, have less rehearsals, an issue over which musicians have very little control. That might mean that conductors would need to be more prepared for each rehearsal, and not waste rehearsal time. To increase ticket sales there would need to be more concerts, perhaps growing numbers of concerts that are more "popular" in nature, which would likely be to the detriment of education and outreach programs, new music commissions, less "popular" classical concerts, etc. and thereby calling into question "what is the mission of this orchestra in this community?"
By extension, I suppose distinguished art museums across the country could sell off their expensive Impressionistic collections etc in favor of more "popular" exhibitions,and thereby become more "productive," etc.
Commercial television has set a stunning "productive" example and followed the almightly dollar and dispensed with good taste and education with cheap sensationalist crap. Is that what Mr. Flanagan would envision for symphony orchestras, and thereby other arts institutions in order to become more "productive"?
To quote the Pittsburgh newspaper DUH!!-Arts and business practices do not always equate! Notwithstanding, there are orchestras in our industry that I have had the pleasure of working with who have achieved good balances between mission, outreach, ticket sales, development, and have extensive community involvement and relevance.
Yes, clearly Flanagan is academic, but certainly not in the arts. How can any arts funding study dismiss the fact that throughout history, maintenance of art has, and will continue to require patronage? Why isn't the Mellon Foundation studying and making examples of those orchestras that have achieved the aforementioned positive balances, instead of this useless study which will be used repeatedly by non-committed orchestra board of directors to further abrogate their responsibilities?
In my opinion, if there is anything "cyclical" in this symphonic industry, it is the cycle of grossly distorted useless negative reports every 15 years or so. In 1970, UPI predicted the imminent demise of 10 top US orchestras. Guess what-they are all still here. In 1992 The Wolf Report said "thou shalt scale back and play only pops concerts." Fortunately, that was ignored. Now, the Flanagan report. And yesterday, I learned that the despite everything that has happened, the Louisana Philharmonic in New Orleans is doing just fine.
And by the way, what did Mr. Flanagan say about rising Executive Director and Music Director salaries relative to "productivity?"
Nathan Kahn, Negotiator
AFM Symphonic Services Division
Nathan, I'm sorry, but what you're saying here is silly. I'm especially sorry, since we had such a good conversation when I did that video interview with you for the Polyphonic.org website.
Flanagan — have you actually read the report? — doesn't say one word about orchestras improving their productivity, in any of the ridiculous ways you suggest. He simply states that there's a financial squeeze. Your reaction, in my view, is a perfect example of the hysteria I mentioned. You're so angry you can't even see — or maybe don't even care — what Flanagan actually says.
Show me where in his report Flanagan says that orchestras should compromise their artistic quality.
As for that UPI piece, did you read my post? I'll grant that the Flanagan report is long, and difficult to read. But my post is, by comparison, concise and (I hope) clear. I dealt with that nonsense about the 1970 UPI story. There really was a crisis then. Orchestras really were up against the wall financially. And they evolved an entirely new funding structure to deal with the crisis. I wrote that, in reasonably plain English, and you apparently didn't notice it. Are you too wild with emotion to even read what you're commenting on?
As for the Wolf Report early in the '90s, this raises a slightly different issue. Orchestras — and the orchestra world generally — tend to react to economic conditions. In the '90s, when things weren't great, they thought they were in bad shape. Then, late in the '90s, during the boom, they talked as if they didn't have a problem in the world. Then, early in this decade, they felt they were in trouble again, and that's when the private talk about structural deficits arose.
One virtue of Flanagan's work is that he gets beyond what I've just described. He adjusts for economic conditions, and finds a long-term financial problem that's independent of booms and recessions. You can dispute that, if you want, but random citing of a few times that orchestras — in your view — have cried wolf (sorry for the unintended pun, though I love it!) doesn't even remotely constitute serious analysis.
Paul A. Alter says
But we need to address one question: What good is Flannagan's study? How can we use it? What strategies can orchestra managements derive from studying it?
Full Disclosure: I have not read the study. But from what I have heard, there is only one major point that has not been made before, according to the studies you cite from the 1960s and '70s. That point is that money-raising campaigns are not economically productive; that is, they tend to cost more to conduct than is justified by the funds raised. But, that finding aside — and it may well be the most important point in the whole study, and it will certainly be the one most ignored by orchestra managements — how do we justify the expenditure of resources on this study when they are urgently needed for other purposes? It smells to me like another rediscovery of the wheel.
I, for one, have been convinced for years in regard to the money-raising efforts. They are not as productive as they could be. It is self-evident; for example, even the Boston SO, with one of the largest endowments in the USA, became hard-pressed for working funds. All we had to do was look at the efforts of the orchestras compared to the funds raised to realize what Flannagan reports, without any need for an expensive report. Here is the point that orchestra managements need to focus one: what they have been doing is not as productive as it should be and may well lead to the demise of our orchestra; therefore, what new approaches are possible?
But, considering the fierce hegemony that orchestras and their consultants display, that is not likely.
Until you, and Drew, and Druckenbrod (who writes good reviews), and Midge, and Cushing, and other persons of influence, can bring orchestras to exercise some form of outreach, we'll just keep on getting repititions of the Flannagan report.
Here's one more question: Why shouldn't the Federal Government allocate funds to support a major industry, with thousands of employees and millions dollar payrolls? They do it for sugar producers, peanut farmers, milk producers, badly managed financial entities, farmers — both individual and corporate, airlines (but not railroads), barge lines, hunters, fishermen, oil companies, religious bodies, and on and on. Why not orchestras?
Gary says
Excellent post, I hope other serious patrons and donors read stuff like this, thanks.
"Outside the manufacturing-construction sector there have been very small productivity increases over the past 50 years."
Not really true – many service industries: air transport, hotels, banking and of course communication have improved productivity quite a lot.
To me, a major cause of discomfort with arts organisations is the reduction in productivity due to the increasing percentage of funds going to administration. I understand that marketing and fund raising are very important but the ratio of music makers to admin is going down.
Many orchestras have close to half as many administrators as players.
That feels wrong to me.
I spent my career in the consumer products business and learnt many times over to put as much as possible of the resources into the product: ingredients, quality, improvements and such. If you get this out of whack the market punishes you.
I fear that arts organisations are putting less of their (scarce) resources into the product.
Andrew Bales says
I, too, wish to weigh in and congratulate you for your comments. Too often the messenger is assailed for their style or their fumbling of intuitive information and those trips are used to deflect serious review of the topic.
I am a late emigre to symphony management from a career in performing arts management in other disciplines. I came to it having watched this partner field with some concern for the better part of a generation and thought I would like to try some other ways to imagine how to do this. In our community we did indeed have a symphony close, one with a very long heritage. I formed a new one and continue to strive to address, in a case study environment, the challenges that are outlined in this and in so many previous reports. In our very local condition we have found some success, but that can be measured differently by different witnesses.
One item you noted, I read with some amusement, as that which is new is just old again. In our case we produce symphony concerts, employ artists, and strive to provide a public benefit through musician employment. We do so with no one on staff with a title that mentions marketing or development and with an overhead cost that our auditors tell us is 4% and fundraising costs of about 5% more. (We don't actually count any of it that way.) In reading your comments it seems we must be at the precipice of the late 1960's crisis. I hope to avoid catching up with the lastest crisis any time soon.
Our individual case aside, I do think that part of the productivity conversation requires a fuller examination of the definition of our business in the first place. When I read that comment about Pops are our future, I recoil, knowing that we don't segment the music we play into definitions that separates Pops from Classical. Being all things to all people tends to make one unable to do any of these programs well. If quality is our standard bearer and being a hallmark of excellence is our call on the resources of our communities, then we have have to be better stewards of that excellence mission. Last time I checked filling the day with more isn't conducive to that outcome.
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Yes, the classical music crisis, which some don't believe in, and others think has been going on forever. This is the third post in a series. In the first, I asked, innocently enough, how long the classical music crisis (which is so widely talked … [Read More...]
Four keys to the future
Here, as promised, are the key things we need to do, if we're going to give classical music a future. When I wrote this, I was thinking of people who present classical performances. But I think it applies to all of us — for instance, to people who … [Read More...]
Age of the audience
Conventional wisdom: the classical music audience has always been the age it is now. Here's evidence that it used to be much younger. … [Read More...]
This blog published under a Creative Commons license


My wife and I have just completed a River Cruise from St.Petersburg to Moscow. Travel ALL Russia was the booking agent.
Initially we were quite aprehensive about travelling to Russia - The Media have a lot blame for this. The travel specialist from Arlington was very persuasive and the 2 for one Deal was definitely worth it.
Russia is fantastic - it's history and its people are something all Westerners should experience in their life time.
I will visit again - no doubt. Hello to Olga and Louise on board the Lev Tolstoy. What a trip!!


Graça Pereira Coutinho was nominated by Cristina Ataíde to join ProjectoMap. After a course in Sculpture at the Faculty of Fine Arts in Lisbon, in 1971 Graça Pereira Coutinho won a scholarship to study at the Saint Martin School of Arts. Here she finds a studio, located near the English artists, in the same area called Berry Street, where the Portuguese artist Paula Rego had a studio.
ProjectoMap team went to the studio of Graça Pereira Coutinho, located in a historical Manueline architecture from the XVI century, to know a little bit more about her life and artistic experiences, between Portugal and worldwide. In an old horse stable, the artist finds inside the farm her studio, filled with objects and installations.
I studied at the School of Fine Arts in Lisbon, and then I went to London with 21 years old, where I did a Post-graduation course of three years at Saint Martin School of Arts. London at that time was the newest scene in contemporary art. The Government had a system where after we graduated we could get a studio in an old warehouse. I had various studios in London, one of them was at Berry Street where it was also working Portuguese artist Paula Rego.
We could say Portugal is just a working platform, because truly you only work in the international market?
I mean, right now I work here. Because Todd Gallery was my gallery. So, I've worked with Módulo, Graça Fonseca Gallery, Cristina Guerra Contemporary Art, and then as an independent artist. It has been fantastic for me as an artist and has a person. I built my studio here and then started to work, so my husband and I thought we could live here. As a kid I only came here on vacations.
We started to talk about traveling. Has India influenced you work? When did you first go to India?
Of course, years ago I was unable to work with colours. It was all white, grey, and beige. I started to go to India in the year 86. A place I also love is America, the Canyon, the deserts and petrified flowers. I had been thinking to go there living with Manel. The side I love more is Los Angeles, the Death Valley.
When you work with installations and sculpture, what are the things that concern you the most? Matter?
The passage of time. We could say the subject "death" is in fact a thing that has always concerned me until a certain point. Thinking about death, and not the fact of being afraid to die, but thinking about the meaning persons can attribute to dust, ashes. We all came from ashes, and we someday will go back there, so what is concerning me is the fragile aspect of humankind.
That's why these works are very fragile. There is always a gesture, which implies the body.
Exactly, because I don't paint. Matter, bodily dimension, but also our connection. I remember very well my concern when I went to London, was to understand what it was about things. We acknowledge that there exists something we don't have direct access to, but we can get there. It is in the end, something we are blocking.
Why do we assist this big step from sculpture to installation art? You do installation for specific places?
We can say installation art is the princess of contemporary art world. Installation art is made in relation with the space and an idea.
You have made installations, video, and sculpture, but drawing is something you have done since the beginning?
It is an easy medium, until a certain point, because it has a small scale. I believe that when you enter into a creative state, there is a tunnel receiving the ideas. Poets and musicians talks a lot about that, isn't it?
Why do you use various plans? Why is the paper mounted in layers and why do you use so many of them?
They are layers, of course. The collection of papers is almost like our skin, which I'm incorporating.
So the body is the central element. The body receives and gives and giving is the creative act?
One thing I have learned years ago is not to critique my work. My job is receiving and making, and the making is where being artist is a wonderful thing. When a work is finished, it has its own path, and by that time we have already cut the umbilical cord.
Does it upset you when a work leaves the studio?
More information about the artist here.


In last night's episode of Parts Unknown, filmed in Libya months after the Benghazi attacks on the American embassy, marks a total shift of tone in Anthony Bourdain's career, summarized thusly: goodbye, food porny trips to elegant France; hello, infinitely looped footage Muammar Gadaffi being viciously beaten to death.
A trip to a Misrata war museum starts off fairly comical — ooh, guns! Haha, Gadaffi's beauty products! Let's wipe our feet on a rug made of his face! — until Bourdain and his guide walk into the Hall of Martyrs. Hundreds of thousands of photos of people killed in the war — women, children, and a dead infant giving the peace sign — line the walls, illuminated by footage of a bloody Gadaffi screaming in the last moments of his life. "We still have the t-shirt with the blood on it," the guide in camo smiles grimly.
Warning: the following footage gets graphic.


The BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and Creatine are foundational supplements for athletes looking to improve power, size, and recovery. Optimum Nutrition's Instantized BCAA + Creatine Powder is made using a proprietary process that mixes easily and keeps the BCAAs and Creatine suspended longer. If you're looking for better performance, both in the gym and in the glass, you've come to the right place.


Published February 9, 2019 at 1829 × 2000 in Parkville, Victoria – Australia 'Melbourne Zoo Trip 6' Photographed by Karen Robinson February 2019 Comments – Hubby and I decided to spend another day at the Zoo, this time concentrating on photographing Australian tropical and subtropical Butterflies in the Zoo's magnificent tropical glasshouse.
Parkville, Victoria – Australia 'Melbourne Zoo Trip 6' Photographed by Karen Robinson February 2019 Comments – Hubby and I decided to spend another day at the Zoo, this time concentrating on photographing Native Australian tropical and subtropical Butterflies in the Zoo's magnificent tropical glasshouse. Photograph featuring Karen Robinson's hubby!


One of our customers recently shared her dye experiments using Hopi red dye amaranth seeds purchased from our shop. Now is the perfect time of year to plant your seeds for a dyers' garden (click here to read a related post from our blog archive penned by Dagmar Klos, an expert in natural dye techniques). We hope today's post inspires you to try some natural dyeing this year!
Start a dyers' garden this spring!
The plants were easy to grow - turns out, it was much more difficult to find information on using Amaranth as a fabric dye, so hopefully this experiment is of use to others. Many sites concluded that this particular dyestuff had been used to dye foods, not fabrics.* I had read somewhere that high heat makes yellow with Amaranth, so decided to go with a solar extraction for dye preparation (click here for DIY solar dyeing instructions).
No mordant gave a greenish tan; Alum gave the closest thing to red and was a pretty kind of pinkish-mauve color; Alum with a pinch of Tin gave a gold color; Tin resulted in a golden brown color. Far right: the amaranth plant.
Solar dyeing was much easier than heating everything on the stove!
- Anne Oldham, summer of 2015 *"Another Hopi dye plant, C2. Hopi Red Dye Amaranth, was used to color piki bread(a very thin corn bread) but we don't think it was used to dye cloth." (From THE WEAVER'S GARDEN, by Rita Buchanan. Interweave Press, 1987, reprinted in The Seedhead News, No. 26, 1989) found somewhere on the web.


text:
Myntrealisation, myntreglering eller endast realisation kallas den åtgärd där ett oinlösligt sedelmynt åter görs inlösligt. En sådan åtgärd har i Sverige genomförts tre gånger.

Första gången riksbankens sedlar blev oinlösliga var 1745 på grund av att de utgivits i för stor mängd, främst för att täcka kostnaderna för det föregående kriget. Genom en ytterligare ökad sedelutgivning sjönk deras värde till hälften, och sedan det i omkring 20 år stått på denna nivå, gjordes de genom 1777 års av Johan Liljencrantz genomförda realisation åter inlösbara enligt denna grund, alltså till halva nominella värdet.

Redan omkring 1790 fick vi emellertid åter oinlösligt sedelmynt som dock ej utgjordes av banksedlar, utan av de så kallade riksgäldskreditsedlarna, egentligen av Riksgäldskontoret utgivna statsobligationer, med vilka kostnaderna för det ryska kriget skulle täckas, men som man ej kunde inlösa. Dessa utträngde banksedlarna ur rörelsen och då de utgavs i för stor mängd så sjönk de till 2/3 av det nominella värdet. 1803 fick vi så vår andra realisation, enligt vilken riksgäldssedlarna skulle ersättas med banksedlar enligt det värde de faktiskt hade; för 3 riksdaler i riksgäldssedlar fick man sålunda 2 riksdaler i banksedlar.

Redan innan denna operation hunnit avslutas, fick vi emellertid för tredje gången oinlösligt pappersmynt. För att bekosta kriget 1808–1809 hade Riksbanken gett ut massor av sedlar. Följden blev att sedlarna 1810 blev oinlösliga och sjönk först till halva värdet och sedan ännu mera. 1834 verkställdes så den tredje och sista realisationen. Även nu följde man den riktiga principen att göra sedlarna inlösliga till det värde som de faktiskt hade fått, i detta fall 1/3 av det ursprungliga.

Källor

Sveriges ekonomiska historia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A BDS protest. Photo: FOA/Facebook.
On Wednesday, November 15, the Student Government Association (SGA) of the University of Maryland, College Park, decided not to support a resolution that accused Israel of various violations of human rights — and which called for the university to divest from a range of American companies investing in Israel.
The resolution was introduced by the Students for Justice in Palestine group. It eventually gathered over 200 signatures from students. In response, nine members of the faculty signed a statement in opposition. A second petition opposing the BDS resolution was signed by over 100 members of the faculty, some from Humanities and Social Sciences and a large number from Natural Sciences and Engineering.
We, the undersigned members of the faculty of the University of Maryland, stand against the upcoming Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) related bill being voted on by the UMD Student Government Association on Wednesday, November 15th, 2017 [the bill was introduced on November 8]. This resolution would stifle academic freedom and free exchange of ideas on our campus. It would create a campus climate that would divide the student body, impede productive campus discourse, and potentially isolate the Jewish community.
We recognize the value of a vigorous debate about social issues; however we cannot ignore the broad implications of this petition for University policy that calls on the Board of Regents to divest portions of its portfolio. The resolution cannot be separated from a prejudiced condemnation of Israel. While we recognize that achievement of peace has been achingly slow, if peace is to have a chance to succeed with the emergence of a workable democracy for Palestinians as well as Israelis, one-sided attacks directed at Israel are certain to be useless.
This deceptively straightforward resolution is sponsored by a BDS (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions) movement that supports the de-legitimization of the State of Israel. BDS rejects any legitimate national aspiration for the Jewish people. The BDS movement repeatedly attacks Zionism and has never condemned attacks on Jewish Israeli civilians. This bill de-legitimizes and promotes misinformation about Israel. This is in line with the broader BDS movement, which singles out the Jewish state – the only liberal democracy in a region beset by some of the world's worst human rights abusers. The BDS movement is hateful, divisive and ultimately diminishes the chance of peace between Israelis and Palestinians.
This bill comes at a time when we see an escalation in hate bias incidents on our campus. BDS campaigns create a hostile campus atmosphere that singles out Jewish and pro-Israel students and subjects them to intimidation, bullying and abuse. We know that BDS fosters an environment on campus that can lead to anti-Semitism.
We encourage Legislators of the Student Government Association to oppose this resolution, which punishes both Israelis and Palestinians, reinforces dangerous stereotypes that limit understanding and cooperation, and divides the broader UMD community.
The initial statement, that I drafted and was discussed and signed by nine faculty members, made the following points: It was impossible for student representatives who are not experts in the details of Israeli-Palestinian conflict to reach an informed judgment in response to a resolution with a 37-clause indictment in the short time allotted between when the resolution was introduced and when it would be voted on. And it would be unfair to reach a judgment by listening to only one side of a very long-standing conflict.
In our view, the resolution sought to weaken or destroy the bonds between the United States and Israel. Were that to happen, the Palestinian leadership could hope to achieve its goals without compromise, thus undermining prospects for a negotiated settlement of the conflict. The resolution said nothing about terrorism, implied that Israel was not confronted with any threats, and treated student representatives as if they knew nothing about the history of the conflict, and was counting on that lack of knowledge to make its case.
This bill de-legitimizes and promotes misinformation about Israel. This is in line with the broader BDS movement, which singles out the Jewish state — the only liberal democracy in a region beset by some of the world's worst human rights abusers. The BDS movement is hateful, divisive and ultimately diminishes the chance of peace between Israelis and Palestinians.
Maryland Senator Ben Cardin (a Democrat) and six of Maryland's Democratic US Congressmen also signed a letter to the Student Government Association (SGA) president in opposition to the BDS resolution. They wrote that such efforts "would only undermine efforts to achieving Middle East peace through a two-state solution." The President of the University of Maryland Wallace Loh and the Provost Mary Ann Rankin have previously indicated their opposition to BDS efforts.
On November 14 and 15, two committees of the Student Government Association — Student Affairs and Government Affairs — voted on the resolution. Both committees rejected the resolution by votes of 1 in favor, 21 opposed and 3 abstentions, and 0 in favor, 14 opposed and 2 in favor, respectively. On November 16, the University student newspaper, the Diamondback, reported that about 400 students, faculty and staff attended the meeting of the full student legislature, which is composed of 37 representatives. Of the 61 students who spoke to the representatives, 45 opposed the bill. After two hours of debate, the SGA Student Affairs Committee presented its report. A two-thirds majority was needed to bring the bill to the floor; the vote of 23 to 13 failed to achieve that figure. Hence the negative judgment of the Student Affairs committee was upheld and the bill was not introduced.
There were indications that many if not most of the 23 representatives voting not to overturn the committee report actually opposed the resolution, but voted as they did so that there would be a debate in the full assembly — after which they intended to vote against it. Hence, the overwhelming majority against the resolution evident in the Student Affairs Committee vote appeared to reflect the dominant sentiment of the whole representative body. Some of those who voted in favor of the previous committee reports objected to bringing the resolution to debate before the full assembly because they did not think it was the proper business of the student government to be debating such a resolution in the first place.
The introduction of the BDS resolutions into student governments amounts to offering a case for the prosecution, which places Israel's advocates on the defensive. As the rules called for a vote within a week, it would have been impossible for them to offer a detailed rebuttal to the array of accusations. The success of such resolutions depend on a rush to judgment based on hearing only one side of a case, an absence of deliberation and an uninformed or easily swayed jury. Students who know little or nothing about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict beyond what they read in BDS resolutions find it difficult to oppose measures that claim to be speaking for diversity and inclusion, and against racism and human rights violations.
It was impressive to see that many student legislators at Maryland appeared to take the view that the student government of the University of Maryland should not have a foreign policy, that the expertise of the student legislators did not extend to assessments of international politics and that the precious time of this legislative body was better spent dealing with the needs of its campus constituents. Moreover, I interpret the rejection as a savvy reading of efforts of well-organized minorities to use the emotions aroused by the language of diversity and anti-racism in the United States to get student governments to serve their political purposes. The counter-mobilization by Jewish organizations as well as non-Jewish students who opposed such attacks on Israel, evident in the counter-petitions and the remarks of the many who spoke against the resolution, was indispensable.
The rejection of the BDS resolution was not only a victory for those of us faculty and students who rejected the substance of the BDS attack on Israel; it was also a stunning demonstration of how a representative parliament can function to foster debate, recognize its proper role and render respect to all of those debating the issue. The passionate views expressed notwithstanding, there were no shouting choruses, hate-filled chants, boos, rude interruptions or threats of violence. All who wished to speak in the allotted time had an opportunity to do so. The legislators treated one another with respect.
Because the rules of an on-campus liberal democracy were followed, an effort to bring about a rush to judgment and ram this BDS resolution through the campus legislature failed and failed decisively. While students at some other universities may have proven themselves vulnerable to BDS demagoguery and falsehoods, the deliberative process at our university's student government presented an insurmountable barrier. The fact that the student government representatives reflect the views of a genuine cross-section of the University's 35,000 students also blocked the efforts of a well-organized minority of BDS advocates to win the battle.
Other university student governments faced with comparable efforts to get student governments to take political positions on the Israel-Palestinian conflict or, for that matter, on any of the dozens of other political conflicts taking place around the world, would do well to look closely at the excellent example of good judgment, counter-mobilization and civility set this past weeks by both the students and student representatives, and some faculty, at the University of Maryland in College Park.
Jeffrey Herf, Distinguished University Professor, Department of History, University of Maryland, College Park. He is the author of Undeclared Wars with Israel: East Germany and the West German Far Left, 1967-1989 (Cambridge University Press, 2016) and, with Anthony McElligott, editor of Antisemitism Before and Since the Holocaust: Altered Contexts and Recent Perspectives (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2017).
A version of this article was originally published by the Times of Israel.


During the asteroid 2012 DA14 flyby, media can contact observers 20:00-08:00 UT.
Other members of the observing team are Jussi Markkanen, Erlend Danielsen and Arild Stenberg from EISCAT Scientific Association.
Updates of the observations will be posted in Kaira blog and Twitter!


Aravali Eduworld is a group of educational institutions which includes Aravali international school, Aravali Institute of Competitive Studies. Aravali College of Advanced Studies in Education, Aravali College of Engineering and Management and Aravali Edquest Pvt. Ltd. We believe that education is an ongoing process which needs support from the society, management and students. Our motto is to provide the best education and nurture every child holistically to become resistant and passionate learner of good character.


text:
Presenting and Preserving Issues Before Agency
A party can resort to judicial review of a decision only after exhausting all administrative remedies.[i] Administrative and judicial competence requires that all claims be first raised at the agency level to allow suitable development and administrative response before judicial review.[ii] Also, a party is not permitted to proceed on a theory or raise an issue on appeal of an administrative agency's action that was not raised in the agency action. The failure to raise an issue before the body prevents a party from asserting that issue in the action for judicial review.[iii]
The courts are also prevented from raising, considering, and sustaining those objections which are not raised before. This is because considering such grounds which are not considered before will deny the agency the opportunity to consider the matter, make its ruling, and express the reasons for its action.[iv] Moreover, The court will not make findings of facts[v] regarding issues raised for the first time on the appeal or make a decision regarding the on the credibility of witnesses or the preponderance of the evidence.[vi]
A party also has the right to waive issues which was raised in his/her cross-petition, by not briefing or arguing them before the court of appeal. The party can also waive an issue and its corresponding argument if the issue was decided before the original appeal or by failure of the party to raise it in the original appeal. The purpose of this rule is to provide the lower tribunal an opportunity to correct alleged errors, whereby increasing the competent use of judicial resources by increasing the need for appellate review.
Therefore, a party must raise constitutional issues at the agency level itself even if the agency lacks authority to decide upon such constitutional issues. This is in order to preserve constitutional issues for review, because, if it is not raised in the agency level, the party cannot later bring it in the review for the first time.[vii] And so, if the party fails to raise a constitutional issue at the agency level, then it is considered that s/he waives such right.[viii] However, in order to preserve agency error for judicial review, a party can raise a constitutional issue for the first time in a petition for rehearing of an agency action.[ix]
A contrary view is that because administrative agencies cannot rule on constitutional questions, the issue of constitutionality can be raised for the first time before a court of law. Other courts also allow a party to challenge the constitutionality of a statute regardless of whether it was raised at the agency level, and this may be based on the fact that the judicial review provisions of the applicable Act do not require that constitutional issues be raised at the agency level. However, it has been held that the issue must be preserved in the trial court and any notice of appeal from the decision of the trial court.
In order to preserve issues for appellate review from an administrative proceeding, the claims must be first raised at the agency level.[x] There is a standard for assessing if an issue was adequately raised before an administrative agency. The test is that whether or not the issue was raised with sufficient specificity and clarity that the tribunal was aware that it must decide the issue, and in sufficient time that the agency can do so.[xi]
Further, an issue is considered raised and preserved for appeal in an administrative proceeding if there is more than simply a hint or slight reference to the issue in the record[xii] and there is sufficient basis in the record to alert the court and any opposing party to the existence of that issue.[xiii]
The general rule that an issue must be first raised before the agency, can be waived by the court if there is reasonable ground for the failure to set forth the relief or for asserting new grounds.[xiv] The Model State Administrative Procedure Act of 1981 also provides that the general rule against consideration of issues not raised before the agency can be avoided in specific circumstances.[xv] Courts has the right to determine an issue that was not raised before an administrative agency if the facts are undisputed and the issue is one that would allow an erroneous application of a statute. Court can consider the issue also if the failure to address such issue will result in a possible deprivation of substantive rights.
[i] Island Bay Utilities, Inc. v. Alabama Dep't of Environmental Management, 587 So. 2d 1210, 1212 (Ala. Civ. App. 1991)
[ii] Hughes v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Services, 498 A.2d 567, 570 (D.C. 1985)
[iii] Personnel Bd. v. Heck, 725 S.W.2d 13, 17 (Ky. Ct. App. 1986)
[iv] Franklin v. Ark. Dep't of Human Servs., 319 Ark. 468, 472 (Ark. 1995)
[v] Keyes v. N.C. DOT, 684 S.E.2d 65, 69 (N.C. Ct. App. 2009)
[vi] Reisner v. Board of Trustees, 203 N.W.2d 812, 815 (Iowa 1973)
[vii] Soo Line R.R. v. Iowa Dep't of Transp., 521 N.W.2d 685, 688 (Iowa 1994)
[viii] State v. Parks, 290 N.C. 748, 751 (N.C. 1976)
[ix] Fisher v. Iowa Bd. of Optometry Examiners, 478 N.W.2d 609, 612 (Iowa 1991)
[x] Hughes, 498 A.2d at 570.
[xi] Wallace v. Department of Air Force, 879 F.2d 829, 832 (Fed. Cir. 1989)
[xii] King County v. Wash. State Boundary Review Bd., 122 Wn.2d 648, 670 (Wash. 1993)
[xiii] Farley v. Town of Washburn, 1997 ME 218, 5 (Me. 1997)
[xiv] Pan American Petroleum Corp, 268 F.2d at 828
[xv] Model State Administrative Procedure Act (1981 ed) § 5-112.
Inside Presenting and Preserving Issues Before Agency

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are talking today about common road and driving distractions. I suspect cell phone use is a common distraction and contributing factor to car crashes in Los Angeles—is that right?
Are cell phones allowed at all for California drivers?
Besides using cell phones, are there other types of common distractions for Los Angeles drivers?
Could you elaborate a bit about those, give us some background information and maybe how to avoid these distractions?
Where can our listeners learn more about avoiding these common driving distractions?


Mended wall, in soto proded.
Have you noticed there are no full moons anymore?
This is not a scientific discovery, rather a personal one.
All moons are old, faded, blurred, unless on a photography blog.
Sitting here, watching the words coming.
in a game of lost and seek I keep losing.
in a game of "avoid if/while you can".
long moments, on average, to peel them off my brain.
But the time is not wasted. No.
Unless I know what I'm doing.


Thank you to everyone at the Hong Kong Business Association Vietnam (HKBAV) for their continued support of rural literacy. HKBAV is a non-profit, non-governmental, and non-political voluntary Membership Association of Hong Kong business in Vietnam that was established in HCMC in 1999 and Hanoi in 2012.
This library donation benefited, Lê Văn Cư – Hiệp Trường, a small rural primary school with 75 students in attendance. This small school now has three Reading Corners in each of their school classrooms.
After setting up each of the Reading Corners, volunteers and our team conducted literacy programs with the children. These literacy programs serve two purposes; to introduce the children to their new school library, and to get them excited about reading. Some kids didn't want to go home because they wanted to stay and read the new books. Mission accomplished!
Please take a moment and check out the photos below of this very special library donation.
Thank you to everyone at HKBAV for all of your support!


Why Shop Used Cars for Sale at Underriner Volvo?
There's no need to compromise on quality when you drive home in a used car from Underriner Volvo. We have plenty of used Volvo vehicles in stock, as well as plenty of other used makes and models. We carefully inspect each model for quality, so you know your next used car will be up to the high standards of Underriner Volvo. After you've perused our used inventory online and our pre-owned vehicle specials, make your way to our dealership in Billings for a closer look. Due to our varied stock of popular pre-owned options, we're confident that you'll find a model you love within your budget. Have questions? Feel free to contact us about our used inventory at any time before making your way from Laurel to take a test drive.


judging from her illiterate eulogy to Robert Altman last month, I don't think they'd put her behind the big box at the DNC. But, I'm sure they'd let her link to a GoreforPresident website from her myspace page.
I'd read the exact reverse of this, which was that Lindsay Lohan drunkenly or on-drugs-edly sent out some text or letter out saying she wanted his help reforming her image.
"I can confirm for you that Mr. Gore has only met Ms. Lohan once, very briefly, at the GQ Men of the Year dinner last week. There were hundreds of other guests."
No, that's where my "reportedly" came in. I don't really trust anything I hear now, which will be my next topic of conversation actually. Judging by her e-mail, she seemed convinced that he was willing to help though. And I still think he's brilliant for it.


The Prism Universal Sling is the most commonly supplied sling for general moving and handling / patient transfer purposes.
Easy to fit, yet very supportive, the sling can be used in a divided leg or cross over position.
The Universal Sling is available in four materials, each providing a number of different benefits to the user.
The Universal Sling in Polyslip material is a great all-rounder as it can be used for general transfers as well as bathing. Slipfit material has been fitted on the outer leg section to make fitting and removing the sling easier.
The polyester mesh version of the Universal Sling is perfect for those who require a sling for bathing. The padded sections are made up with non-absorbent foam which helps reduce the soak up of water.
The slipfit version has been designed to provide exceptional ease of fitting and removing. This material is ideal for use with users who have limited ability to move during the fitting of the sling. However, it is not ideal for bathing as it retains water when being hoisted.
The spacer material has been designed to provide added comfort to the user as the material allows a degree of stretch in order to mould around the person. This variation of the Universal Sling is ideal for those who would wear slings for extended periods. Available in black or pink.


This is a placeholder page for Dawna Parker, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Dawna Parker.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Dawna Parker. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Dawna Parker. We created this page automatically in hopes Dawna Parker would find it. If you are not Dawna Parker, but are an alumni of Oswego High School Oswego, KS, register on this site for free now.


text:
How to Make a Heptagonal Prism – Printable 3d Net
Home » Shop » How to Make a Heptagonal Prism – Printable 3d Net
How to Make a Heptagonal Prism – a Printable 3d Net
How to Make a Heptagonal Prism - Printable 3d Net quantity
How to Make a Heptagonal Prism
Free Printable 3d Net
Many students see 3d shapes as a collection of objects whose names need to be memorized. This is not true. The true power of having students examine the properties of a 3d shape and be able to deduce its name. It is also way more efficient to do it this way.
Definition of a Prism:
In a nutshell, 'prisms' have two faces that are the same shape and all the other faces are rectangles. A prism's name derives from the 2d shapes that are the same e.g. If a 3d shape has a heptagon at one end, a heptagon on the other and all the other faces are rectangles then the shape is a 'pentagonal prism'.
If there's a triangle at one end, a triangle at the other end & all of the faces are rectangles, then you're presented with a triangular prism… and so on and so forth.
Heptagonal Prism Net
What is a Square Number?
Is 1 a Prime Number?


This entry was posted on August 1, 2011 at 3:00 pm and is filed under Columbo with tags cats, Columbo.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
I am so sorry to hear this. Reading your post I honestly felt dreadful inside. I have a cat and I can't even imagine how you must feel. I am so sorry.
I am very sorry to hear this. Condolences.
I'm very sorry. The loss of a pet is often a very sad and distressing event. I offer my sympathy.
Beautiful Columbo, I'm so sorry to hear it and I too will miss his feline character when I visit.
Really sorry to hear about Columbo. We had to put our cat to sleep not too long ago. It's a merciful act, but never an easy one.
Peter: I'm very sorry for you. If you're a sentimental old fool, then so am I. We lived with a pair of cats for 18 years, and saying goodbye in the vets was the hardest thing I've ever done. That was 2002, and it still hurts. We now have a dog nearing 18, and I know that awful day will soon come again. But we steel ourselves for this because we love them, and want to spare them suffering. Isn't it odd that people are often treated less well?
I wouldn't say I was very successful at steeling myself. I wept buckets, and am very grateful to the vet for allowing me to leave through the back instead of going out through the reception. Knowing it's the right thing to do doesn't make it any easier.
Dreadfully sad news. So hard to lose a friend, of any species.
Commiserations, I have had to take two well loved, long standing feline friends for the same one-way trip to the vet in the past few years. Its hard and it still hurts to think about either occasion.
Nature is cruel, cats included (my present pair love nothing more than trying to launch half dead mice into low earth orbit). At least we can show kindness by not making our pets suffer unnecessarily.
sorry to hear that. There's a real bond that some folks can't understand. It'll get better with time.
We had pets (a cat and a dog) when I was growing up, although I've never owned one as an adult. Losing them is like losing a friend. I'm sad for your loss Peter.
Very sorry to hear about Columbo. Mine is nearing cat retirement age and has followed me from country to country. He's also a right sod to everybody else except for me. I'll be extremely sad when he goes.
Losing our beloved kitties is never easy. Columbo was blessed to have you as his steward, and you were blessed to have him as your loyal companion. Thinking of you and your sweet boy.
Very sorry to hear about Columbo.
Pets are hard to lose at any time but losing a friend of 17 years must be so much worse. You have my condolences.
Very sorry to hear about Columbo, Peter. Through a combination of your evocative updates and my own love of cats I felt I kind of knew him as well, even though I never got the chance to give him a quick pat or a head scratch. Can only imagine how much you'll miss him, but I get the impression he had a very happy and long life as your companion.
I'm so sorry Peter. I enjoyed every picture and story about Columbo. Wanting a pet cat, and not being in a position to own a one right now, they let me be a cat owner by proxy. I think he will be missed by a lot of your readers, but certainly by myself.
From what you've written about him, I think he was a very happy cat, and you made a lot of good memories together. I think that's the best outcome you can ever hope for with a cat.
Very sad news. I always enjoyed reading the updates on his various escapades, even though I met him only once in Nottingham (having a fight with a cardboard box, and maybe not even winning it).
I'm devastated to have lost Columbo, and have found today extremely difficult to get through – all the little reminders of him around the house have brought flood after flood of tears.
But I really am touched by so many kind messages. They really mean a lot to me. Thank you, everyone.
😦 – Very sorry to hear of your loss.
Sorry Peter. I know how you feel. My last cat died when I was 15. He was run over by a car but waited for me to come home to physically die in my arms. It's 20 years later until I found the courage to have another cat called Woofie. Colombo was a handsome looking fella and he's lucky to have had a friend like you. My Woofie is only 18 months old and he jumps on my bed in the morning too. I'm gonna miss Colombo's adventures his cute and sometimes grumpy little face.
As a longtime lurker on this blog, I'm very sorry to hear this. Losing a pet cat is horribly painful. It sounds like he had a long and happy life though, which is the greatest gift we can hope to give a pet.
I'll greatly miss reading about him and his adventures.
I am so sorry. I am facing similar with my 20yr old cat, dreading the day. A tough time for you, but am sure you have lots of happy memories.
Really sorry to hear about Columbo. Though I never met him, he sounds like quite a character. I know just how much of a companion and friend a cat can be.
Sorry to hear this. We went through something similar a month or so back when A's 18 year old, diabetic cat passed on.
I have two aging but wonderful feline companions and am dreading the day you have just experienced. I know I'll be in a mess when they pass because it's already happened a couple of times, one a few years ago and a kitten I had to have put down when only a few months old. The two that share my life have been with me most of the time I've lived here which I think will make things even harder when the day comes.
There is nothing quite like the companionship and unconditional love pets give us and think this is why it's sometimes even harder to deal a pet's death than a human friend leaving us.
It'll take time and I hope your friends and colleagues will understand what loss you have just suffered, but also hope you realise what a wonderful life Columbo had, because of you, and that soon you'll be smiling remembering what joy he gave you over the years.
Desperately sad news. My condolences.
I am sorry to hear this news Peter. All my sympathies.
Perhaps it says something good about the world that this post has drawn so many comments. In any case, my sympathies.
That reminded me of this short-short story by Strindberg. Some Googling produced this English translation which appears to be reasonably good, though the English title doesn't have the proper ring to my ears. I've never run across a better description of such a difficult situation which gets all the emotions just right.
So sorry to hear of your loss Peter.
Very sorry to hear about your loss, from a fellow cat (and dog) lover.
Oh Peter. I'm so sorry.
I am so very sorry to hear this Peter. I always enjoyed reading your updates about Columbo, even though I never met him. He sounded like a wonderful companion. We are cat people, and have gone through a very similar experience more than once, including being led the quiet way out of the vet's through a flood of tears. It's an awful experience, only slightly ameliorated by knowing you did the right thing for your friend. Will be thinking of you.
My condolences, Peter. I well know the flood of tears leaving the vet after putting down beloved dogs and cats over the years.
I have found this comforting in times of grief, I hope it brings some measure of comfort to you.
Oh Peter — deepest condolences.
I was told by Anton about your loss Peter and I am really sorry.
I'm so sorry for your loss Peter. My condolences.


Lansing's poverty rate is up and household incomes are down, which is creating a new problem for local homeless shelters.
Local shelters tell FOX 47 they're having to help more people, both homeless and not.
Bill Engelbert is one of those people. Living paycheck to paycheck, Engelbert couldn't afford the unexpected.
"Used to be a professional truck driver and I pulled an over-sized load," he said.
That was all it took. With a suspended license, Engelbert was out of a job, and a few months later he was homeless.
"It's like a domino effect, no paycheck and then you're out," Engelbert said.
It's a situation more people in Lansing are facing. Five years ago the median income was a little more than $41,000, but as of last year it fell to less than $36,000. That's a 14 percent drop in just five years.
For Patrick Patterson at the VOA, that means the shelter is seeing more people come in the doors.
"It's real concern," Patterson said. "A calamity that other more wealthy folks could handle, they can't. That's the typical thing that results in homelessness: a layoff, an illness that results in a layoff, losing daycare so you lose your job."
That's just one need. Mark Criss at City Rescue Mission says it's serving more meals, but it's to people who have jobs and aren't making enough to cover their expenses.
"We see people that are just on the fringe of making it or becoming homeless," Criss said. "Coming for a meal helps subsidize their income. They spend less on food because we've providing a good quality meal for them."
That's why the shelter just upgraded to a new catering kitchen, letting it meet that demand.
"That allows us to produce more meals more effectively and more efficiently," Criss explained.
It's help Engelbert appreciates but wished he never needed.
"You feel degraded to have to go there," Engelbert said.
He's now working with the VOA to get housing, hoping to get back on his feet.


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Calling hours will be held from 4 to 7 p.m. on Wednesday, June 22, at Swan Funeral Home, 1224 Boston Post Road, Old Saybrook. A Mass of Christian burial will be held at 10 a.m. on Thursday, June 23, in St. Mark Church, 222 McVeagh Road, Westbrook. Burial will follow at Resurrection Cemetery, Westbrook. View Recent Obituaries for Russell Funeral Home, Inc.. Russell Funeral Home, Inc. 822 Carl Russell Ave. Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Phone: 336-722-3459. Who We Are. ... 2021. Service Time: 11:00 a.m. from MacLean Funeral Home Swan Chapel (by invitation only) or via live-stream. Jul 27, 2022. William "Bill" Henry Steinhaus, III, 81, of Knoxville.
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Swan Funeral Home. 0 out of 5. Address. 1224 Boston Post Road. Old Saybrook, CT 06475. Website. Click to see website. Phone Number. Click to see number.
Harry Cychmistruk Swan River. Harry John Cychmistruk, passed away peacefully at the age of 78 years old, at the Swan Valley Health Centre, with his loving children at his side. Harry was born June 4, 1944, in Cowan, Manitoba, to his parents Lena and Walter Cychmistruk. Harry went to Cowan Ridge School and Minitonas High School in his earlier years.. Jan 19, 2018 · July 13, 1940 - March 28, 2017. William Steigleder, of Old Saybrook, died on March 28, 2017.He was born on July 13, 1940, in New Haven, the son of Arthur and Emma Steigleder.William was employed at UPS for 22 years. After leaving UPS, he was the owner/manager of the Romora Bay Club, Harbour Island, Bahamas..
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Arrangements under the direction of Swan Funeral Home, Old Saybrook, CT. I'd like the memory of me to be a happy one, I'd like to leave an afterglow of smiles when life is done. I'd like to leave an echo whispering softly down the ways, Of happy times.
Obituary. Patricia Lynn (Palomba) Stango, age 51, passed away peacefully on November 27, 2020. Patricia was born September 30, 1969 in Waterbury and was raised in Oakville, the daughter of the late Robert and Dora (Sprano) Palomba. She was a loving mother, grandmother, and friend. Swan Funeral Home began as C. Carl Swan Funeral Home in Guilford, Connecticut, in 1917. 1224 Boston Post Rd, Old Saybrook, CT 06475-4405.
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January 17, 1944 - June 30, 2022. Beverly A. Polek Emerson, 78, of North Haven passed away unexpectedly on Friday, June 30th, 2022 at her home. She was the beloved wife of 58 years.
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Dec 14, 2019 · Caroline Kopochus, 96 - Oct 1, 2019. Thomas O'Brien, 77 - Sep 17, 2019. David Paul Woodmansee, 58 - Sep 12, 2019. This page shows only the 20 most recent obituaries in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. If you don't see the obituary or death record that you are looking for, use this form to search our entire database..
<strong>Legacy.com | Where Life Stories Live On. A service will be held at 11:00 am on Friday, August 19, 2022, at St. Mary's Catholic Church, 32 Pearl St. Claremont, NH 03743. All services are under the care of Cheshire Family Funeral Homes and Crematories, 46 South Winchester St. Swanzey, NH 03446. www.cheshirefamilyfh.com. ← Older Obituaries.
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FUNERAL HOME Swan Funeral Home 1224 Boston Post Road Old Saybrook, CT BARBARA MERRITT OBITUARY Barbara Merritt 1929 - 2022 Old Saybrook Barbara Ann (Cannon) Merritt of Old Saybrook, CT, beloved by.
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At Old Navy, shopping for women's clothing is fun again. Get the latest fashion essentials, including women's jeans, dresses, coats, jackets, shoes and bags.Discover women's new arrivals for every occasion, from classic t-shirts and cozy sweaters, hoodies & sweatshirts to affordable business casual blouses & pants. Find closet staples for work, like a classic button up shirt and gray pants.
David Paul Pernal, 66, of Old Saybrook, passed away peacefully in his home surrounded by his loving family. Born on November 15, 1955 in Southington, CT, he was the son of the late Peter Pernal and Dolores (Mongillo) Pernal. David graduated from Roger Williams University with a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering with a Minor in Architecture.. Buy this on Ever Loved. $1,700. Burial vault. This is the cost to purchase a burial vault from the funeral home. A burial vault is required for most cemeteries, but you may choose to purchase one online or elsewhere, if you'd wish. $1,300. Flowers. This is a common price to purchase funeral flowers..
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Resides in Old Saybrook, CT. Lived In Clinton CT, El Paso TX, Brownsville TX, Middletown CT. Related To Manuel Castro, Herminia Castro. Also known as Josefa Reyna Yanyac, Jose Castro, Josie B Castro, Josefa B Lastro, Castro Josefa. Includes Address(9) Phone(10) Email(3) See Results.
Swan Funeral Home began as C. Carl Swan Funeral Home in Guilford, Connecticut, in 1917. Our funeral home in Old Saybrook has served the local community since May 1963. We are here to celebrate life, supporting families through difficult times, providing caring funeral and cremation services, and creating lasting legacies. Price List All Services. At Old Navy, shopping for women's clothing is fun again. Get the latest fashion essentials, including women's jeans, dresses, coats, jackets, shoes and bags.Discover women's new arrivals for every occasion, from classic t-shirts and cozy sweaters, hoodies & sweatshirts to affordable business casual blouses & pants. Find closet staples for work, like a classic button up shirt and gray pants. Swan Funeral Home 1224 Boston Post Road Old Saybrook, CT 06475 (860) 388-4106 Fax: (860) 669-8989 www.swanfuneralhomeoldsaybrook.com: We encourage you to contact the funeral home to ... Find a map, directions and more for Swan Funeral Homes, Inc. in Old Saybrook, CT.. Find Swan Funeral Homes, Funeral Directors & Funeral Services. Send Funeral Flowers to a Swan Funeral Home. ... Hudgel's Swan Funeral Home Inc. 1335 S Swan Rd. Tucson, Arizona 85711 (520) 747-2525. ... Old Saybrook, Connecticut 06475 (860) 388-4106. Map of Swan Funeral Home. Send Funeral Flowers to any Connecticut Funeral Home. Iowa.
. View Recent Obituaries for Russell Funeral Home, Inc.. Russell Funeral Home, Inc. 822 Carl Russell Ave. Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Phone: 336-722-3459. Who We Are. ... 2021. Service Time: 11:00 a.m. from MacLean Funeral Home Swan Chapel (by invitation only) or via live-stream. Jul 27, 2022. William "Bill" Henry Steinhaus, III, 81, of Knoxville.
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View The Obituary For Stephen Ray Swain . Please join us in Loving, Sharing and Memorializing Stephen Ray Swain on this permanent online memorial. View Obituaries Walker Funeral Home -Williamston ... Walker Funeral Home -Williamston 414 N.. Guilford Funeral Home is honored to serve your family in Guilford, CT. Our funeral home staff is experienced in helping you celebrate your loved one. ... He was 80 years old. T... View Details | Send Flowers. Siu Hing (Tina) Hansen. September 18, 1949 - August 19, 2022. Siu Hing (Tina) Hansen, longtime resident of Clinton, passed away August 19.
Welcome. The Edward F. Adzima Funeral Home serves Derby and the surrounding communities with dedication and compassion. After two generations of service by the Adzima family, the Edward F. Adzima Funeral Home remains family owned and operated by the Sheehy, Haywood, and Pagliaro families, and together continue a legacy of service to the Valley. Jul 05, 1997 · Jack was born in Gaylord, Michigan on July 5, 1997, and was the eldest son of David and Regina Stout.He spent the first 5 years of his life having immense fun shuffling between Mackinac Island, where his parents worked, and East Lansing until 2002 when East Lansing became the full-time residence of the Stout crew... Swan Funeral Home. 1224 Boston Post Rd. Old Saybrook, Connecticut 06475. (860) 388-4106. Get Directions..
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September 1, 2018 (77 years old) View obituary. Alice M. Desimone. August 23, 2018 (96 years old) View obituary. Ethel McCrudden. August 2, 2018 (88 years old) View obituary. Olivia L. Beebe. Search Old Saybrook obituaries and condolences, hosted by Echovita.com. Find an obituary, get service details, leave condolence messages or send flowers or gifts in memory of a loved one. Visit this link to create a free obituary then read the advantages of creating an obituary on Echovita and either click "Start now" or "Create an .... Our staff of dedicated professionals is available to assist you in making funeral service arrangements. From casket choices to funeral flowers, the funeral directors at Spencer Funeral Home provide individualized funeral services designed to meet the needs of each family. Our honest service and commitment to excellence have served our customers.
class=" fc-falcon">Legacy.com | Where Life Stories Live On. Swan Funeral Home began as C. Carl Swan Funeral Home in Guilford, Connecticut, in 1917. 1224 Boston Post Rd, Old Saybrook, CT 06475-4405. Tel: 203-933-1217. Directions. Keenan Funeral Home. 330 Notch Hill Road. North Branford, CT 06471. Tel: 203-481-3217. Directions. You are welcome to call us any time of the day, any day of the week, for immediate assistance. Or, visit our funeral home in person at your convenience.
Harry Cychmistruk Swan River. Harry John Cychmistruk, passed away peacefully at the age of 78 years old, at the Swan Valley Health Centre, with his loving children at his side. Harry was born June 4, 1944, in Cowan, Manitoba, to his parents Lena and Walter Cychmistruk. Harry went to Cowan Ridge School and Minitonas High School in his earlier years.. Swan Funeral Home began as C. Carl Swan Funeral Home in Guilford, Connecticut, in 1917. Our funeral home in Old Saybrook has served the local community since May 1963. We are here to celebrate life, supporting families through difficult times, providing caring funeral and cremation services, and creating lasting legacies. Read More Amenities. Aug 20, 2022 · Clifton Reginald "Reg" Lewis. August 1, 1942 - August 20, 2022. Clifton Reginald "Reg" Lewis died at his home on Saturday August 20, 2022, after a brief illness. He was 80 years old. T... View Details | Send Flowers..
Some of the many ways we serve you... 204 D.W. Highway • Meredith, NH 03253. 12 Langdon Street • Plymouth, NH 03264. Phone: Email: [email protected] View Original Notice ? McKenney, Robyn on – Swan Funeral Home. Read More . Old Saybrook. Swan Funeral Home. 1224 Boston Post Rd. Old Saybrook, Connecticut 06475. (860) 388-4106. Get Directions..
Harry Cychmistruk Swan River. Harry John Cychmistruk, passed away peacefully at the age of 78 years old, at the Swan Valley Health Centre, with his loving children at his side. Harry was born June 4, 1944, in Cowan, Manitoba, to his parents Lena and Walter Cychmistruk. Harry went to Cowan Ridge School and Minitonas High School in his earlier years. Dec 28, 2021 · Here is Margaret B. Viggiano's obituary. Please accept Echovita's sincere condolences. With heavy hearts, we announce the death of Margaret B. Viggiano (Old Saybrook, Connecticut), who passed away on December 19, 2021 at the age of 96. Leave a sympathy message to the family on the memorial page of Margaret B. Viggiano to pay them a last .... Harry Cychmistruk Swan River. Harry John Cychmistruk, passed away peacefully at the age of 78 years old, at the Swan Valley Health Centre, with his loving children at his side. Harry was born June 4, 1944, in Cowan, Manitoba, to his parents Lena and Walter Cychmistruk. Harry went to Cowan Ridge School and Minitonas High School in his earlier years.
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Memorial donations may be made to the Old Saybrook Fire Department, or to the Ambulance Company, Main St., Old Saybrook, CT 06475. The Swan Funeral Home, Old Saybrook, was in charge of arrangements. April 11, 1934 - June 9, 2022 IN THE CARE OF Swan Funeral Home Russell Callahan, 88, of Old Saybrook Connecticut, more recently of Evergreen Woods North Branford, passed away on Thursday, June 9, 2022, surrounded by his family. Russell was born in Astoria New York to Mary "Mae" & Patrick Callahan on April 11, 1934. 12/11/29 - 08/06/22. Thank you for visiting our web site. The Adzima Funeral Home, which was established on the east side of Bridgeport in 1914 and family run for four generations, is located in the center of the picturesque Paradise Green section of Stratford. The establishment has been situated on the Green since 1979 in the Isaac Lewis.
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Swan Funeral Home 1224 Boston Post Road Old Saybrook, CT JOAN CIANFAGLIONE OBITUARY Joan Guzzo Cianfaglione, 88, of Chalker Beach Rd., died Friday, April 29, 2022 in Gladeview Healthcare. Mrs. Online Flower Delivery. From You Flowers has a wide variety of flowers online for every occasion. From carnations to orange roses, cheap funeral flowers and birthday flowers all for delivery. If you need flowers delivered today or tomorrow, we can help. Our prices are competitive so that you can find the perfect cheap online flower arrangements. Anna McCannDecember 2, 1952 - August 18, 2022Anna Jennifer McCann (Rehnberg), 69 years old, of Old Saybrook, passed away on August 18th, 2022 in Old Saybrook, CT. Jennifer was born in Larchmont, NY, t.
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Swan Funeral Home began as C. Carl Swan Funeral Home in Guilford, Connecticut, in 1917. Our funeral home in Old Saybrook has served the local community since May 1963. We are here to celebrate life, supporting families through difficult times, providing caring funeral and cremation services, and creating lasting legacies. Price List All Services. Peter Yarrow - Katharine Hepburn Arts Center, Old Saybrook- April 15, 2021 Karla Bonoff - Katharine Hepburn Arts Center, Old Saybrook- May 6, 2021 Dave Mason and John Mayall - Infinity Hall Mulaney and Katherine Ward) 7, 2021 Montpelier, Vt Born in Wilkes-Barre, he was the son of Margaret George of NEW YORK — The swan song of "American Idol.
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David Paul Pernal, 66, of Old Saybrook, passed away peacefully in his home surrounded by his loving family. Born on November 15, 1955 in Southington, CT, he was the son of the late Peter Pernal and Dolores (Mongillo) Pernal. David graduated from Roger Williams University with a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering with a Minor in Architecture. James A. Christiana. October 1, 1930 - January 12, 2018. James A. Christiana, Jr., 87, of Clinton, passed away on January 12, 2017, at home. He was the beloved husband of Jane Christiana. Jim was born in Hartford, on October 1, 1930.He lived in CT for 6 years until family moved to Agawam, MA and then to Springfield, MA. Jim was married in 1955.
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Some of the many ways we serve you... 204 D.W. Highway • Meredith, NH 03253. 12 Langdon Street • Plymouth, NH 03264. Phone: Email: [email protected] Buy this on Ever Loved. $1,700. Burial vault. This is the cost to purchase a burial vault from the funeral home. A burial vault is required for most cemeteries, but you may choose to purchase one online or elsewhere, if you'd wish. $1,300. Flowers. This is a common price to purchase funeral flowers..
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All Obituaries - Woodbury Funeral Home offers a variety of funeral services, from traditional funerals to competitively priced cremations, serving Woodbury, TN and the surrounding communities. ... When he was old enough, he enrolled in the Army and served in the Vietnam War from 1969 to 1970 as a part of the 101st Airborne Division, Heavy. BRYAN, Bruce P. Bruce P. Bryan, 77, of Old Saybrook, passed away Friday, (February 15, 2008) at home. He is survived by his loving wife of over 44 years, Dorothy (Kochanowski) Bryan and children: Bruc. Search Old Saybrook obituaries and condolences, hosted by Echovita.com. Find an obituary, get service details, leave condolence messages or send flowers or gifts in memory of a loved one. Visit this link to create a free obituary then read the advantages of creating an obituary on Echovita and either click "Start now" or "Create an obituary for your loved" to begin. Old Saybrook , CT – Traditions® is excited and honored to announce that their NitroFire® muzzleloader is on the cover of the January 2021 issue of Guns & Ammo Most muzzleloading rifles are not required to be sold by an FFL. A service will be held at 11:00 am on Friday, August 19, 2022, at St. Mary's Catholic Church, 32 Pearl St. Claremont, NH 03743. All services are under the care of Cheshire Family Funeral Homes and Crematories, 46 South Winchester St. Swanzey, NH 03446. www.cheshirefamilyfh.com. ← Older Obituaries. Swan Funeral Home. 1224 Boston Post Rd. Old Saybrook, Connecticut 06475. (860) 388-4106. Get Directions. At W.S. Clancy Memorial Funeral Home, we pride ourselves on serving families in Branford and the surrounding areas with dignity, respect, and compassion. Our staff is experienced in a variety of funeral services and can help you celebrate your loved one no matter your religion, culture, or budget. Join our mailing list [email protected] 3 Silver Street ; Middletown, Connecticut 06457 (860) 346-1055 (860) 346-2677.
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