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Home » Fairly Used Blog » Featured Posts » The Determinator: Behind the Scenes at the Stanford Copyright Renewal Database An Interview with Mimi Calter, Stanford University Libraries
The Determinator: Behind the Scenes at the Stanford Copyright Renewal Database An Interview with Mimi Calter, Stanford University Libraries
Mary Minow: What was the impetus to put together the Stanford Copyright Renewal Database?
Mimi Calter: The project grew out of a conversation between Michael Keller, Stanford's University Librarian, and Lawrence Lessig. A student of Professor Lessig's had composed an interrogatory Q&A for determining the copyright status of any work. This led to a discussion of the possibility of automating the determination of the copyright status of a work, and of the necessary inputs to such a system. The 1923-1963 renewal data is one obvious input required for that system, and members of the Stanford University Libraries staff very quickly learned about the work of Project Gutenberg to scan the relevant Catalog of Copyright Entries, and the early version of a copyright renewal database compiled by Michael Lesk. (I did not get involved in the project until somewhat later). It was decided to pursue the project that Professor Lesk had started, with an eye to the framework suggested by Lawrence Lessig. We still hope to see the copyright renewal data integrated into a larger tool for copyright status analysis, and are having conversations with possible partners.
Minow: Who actually put "The Determinator" database together? Is that its official name?
Calter: We call it "The Determinator" in-house, but the official name is the Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. I was the project coordinator, and our Chief Information Architect, Jerry Persons, as well as several members of our wonderful Academic Computing team worked quite hard on this.
Minow:Can you give me an overview of your process for compiling the database?
Calter: Renewals for books originally registered between 1923 and 1963 should have taken place between 1950 and 1992. The Copyright Office moved to electronic records in 1978, which meant that we had to deal with two broad groups of records: the paper records from before 1978, and the electronic records that came after. Our mission was to have all of the data fielded, and searchable in a single database.
For the 1950-1977 records, we started with the Project Gutenberg transcriptions of Class A renewals which includes books, pamphlets and articles in serials. These records were the most challenging, as the data was completely unfielded, and we were essentially starting from scratch. Even worse, the record format used by the Copyright Office in the print books changed several times during those years. For the 1978-1992 records, we used records extracted from the Copyright Office's online database, which had been collected by a member of the Project Gutenberg team. This data was largely fielded, and we only had to work with formatting, and breaking author data out of the title field.
For each type of data, we developed schemas for extracting the appropriate fields, and then worked with an outside firm to tag all of the records. We outsourced some of the parsing to an outside company, Innodata Isogen.
We've also done testing of the database. In our first round, we pulled 500 titles from the library catalog, so we could have the actual books in hand. We searched them manually in the Catalog of Copyright Entries (CCE), published by the Copyright Office, and also sent a subset of those to the Copyright Office to be searched (at $100 plus $150 per hour). We then repeated the searches in the Determinator. Overall, we're very happy with the accuracy of the database, but we did find some unusual problems. For example, there is a book in our catalog titled Memoirs of a Spy that is listed as Memories of a Spy in both the Determinator and the CCE. That's not a problem we can fix, as the problem is with the Copyright Office record.
The testing did reveal a few small problems with the database that are being cleaned up now. We'll be doing a second round of testing once that is complete, and will make those results public.
Minow: How was the project funded?
Calter: We had a grant from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. In addition, the Stanford Library contributed staff time and in-house resources. We're working on the final report for the Foundation right now, and it will be available online when it is complete.
Minow: Who are the target users of the database?
Calter: Frankly, we had a bit of a selfish motivation here. We are very interested in digitizing as much of the material in our library as we legally can. Looking at the copyright status of 1923-1963 works is an important part of this. We expect that the primary users of the database will be libraries and groups like ourselves that are involved in digitization projects, although I'm certain there will be other uses found!
Minow: Will this database be helpful to libraries, archives and museums who are digitizing "orphan works"? That is, do you think it will help them show "due diligence" when searching for copyright ownership?
Calter: Studies show that less than 15% of items eligible for renewals were in fact renewed.1 Our work on this database has uncovered only about 280,000 renewal records, and a surprising number of these are for things like court reporters and Singer sewing machine manuals, so it's clear to us that a very large portion of the books published in this period are now in the public domain. Nevertheless, we know that due diligence is important when dealing with orphan works, and we think our database can be very helpful in that regard.
Minow: What were the biggest challenges in the project?
Calter: By far the biggest challenge to this point in working with the Copyright Office records has been parsing out author names. Even in the electronic records that it produced after 1978, the Copyright Office included the author name as part of the title field. Extracting that information in order to allow searching has required significant effort.
That said, bigger challenges remain for those interested in using the data. We have only extracted the names, we have not yet attempted to insert authority control, and that makes matching a challenge. And since records from this time period have no ISBNs, there's no easy way to tie the copyright records to particular books. We would like to see the renewal records in our database matched against catalog records, so that users can even more easily determine the status of a particular work.
Minow: What feedback have you gotten from users?
Calter: Very positive. Lots of folks want to know when we'll be creating similar tools for other classes of works, but that's not something we're pursuing right now. But I have been contacted by a few organizations that are incorporating the database into their standard search process. I recently received a nice thank you note from Jack Herrick, a Stanford alum and founder of wikiHow, which has done just that: www.wikihow.com/Import-Old-Public-Domain-Books-to-wikiHow
Minow: What do you wish you could add to the database?
Calter: I certainly think it would be beneficial to expand the database to other classes of works, but that's not something we have funding or staff to manage. However, I'm actually more interested in seeing our database become part of a tool that addresses a wide variety of copyright concerns and questions.
*Mimi Calter is the Executive Assistant to the University Librarian at Stanford University.
1 For example, a 1961 Copyright Office study found that fewer than 15% of all registered copyrights were renewed. For books, the figure was even lower: 7%. See Barbara Ringer, "Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright" (1960), reprinted in Library of Congress Copyright Office. Copyright law revision: Studies prepared for the Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-sixth Congress, first [-second] session. (Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off, 1961), p. 220. Peter Hirtle, Copyright Term and the Public Domain the United States, 1 January 2007.
Posted in: Featured Posts
Updated: May 7, 2013 1:30 pm


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// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
// Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.

package com.azure.resourcemanager.appservice.models;

import com.azure.core.annotation.Fluent;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

/**
 * The IIS handler mappings used to define which handler processes HTTP requests with certain extension. For example, it
 * is used to configure php-cgi.exe process to handle all HTTP requests with *.php extension.
 */
@Fluent
public final class HandlerMapping {
    /*
     * Requests with this extension will be handled using the specified FastCGI
     * application.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "extension")
    private String extension;

    /*
     * The absolute path to the FastCGI application.
     */
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    /*
     * Command-line arguments to be passed to the script processor.
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    /**
     * Get the extension property: Requests with this extension will be handled using the specified FastCGI application.
     *
     * @return the extension value.
     */
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        return this.extension;
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    /**
     * Set the extension property: Requests with this extension will be handled using the specified FastCGI application.
     *
     * @param extension the extension value to set.
     * @return the HandlerMapping object itself.
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    /**
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    /**
     * Set the scriptProcessor property: The absolute path to the FastCGI application.
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    /**
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    /**
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Huge telescope used to look for alien life has completely collapsed
Posted: Dec 1, 2020 / 10:34 AM CST / Updated: Dec 1, 2020 / 10:56 AM CST
This satellite image provided by 2020 Maxar Technologies shows the damaged radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, Thursday, Nov. 17, 2020. The National Science Foundation announced Thursday, Nov. 17 that it will close the huge telescope in a blow to scientists worldwide who depend on it to search for planets, asteroids and extraterrestrial life, saying it's too dangerous to keep operating the single-dish radio telescope because the entire structure could collapse. (Satellite image ©2020 Maxar Technologies via AP)
MYSTERY WIRE (SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico) — A huge, already damaged radio telescope in Puerto Rico that has played a key role in astronomical discoveries for more than half a century completely collapsed on Tuesday.
The telescope's 900-ton receiver platform fell onto the reflector dish more than 400 feet below.
The U.S. National Science Foundation had earlier announced that the Arecibo Observatory would be closed. An auxiliary cable snapped in August, causing a 100-foot gash on the 1,000-foot-wide (305-meter-wide) dish and damaged the receiver platform that hung above it. Then a main cable broke in early November.
FILE – In this Tuesday, Aug. 11, 2020 file photo, provided by the Arecibo Observatory, shows the damage done by a broken cable that supported a metal platform, creating a 100-foot (30-meter) gash to the radio telescope's reflector dish in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Giant, aging cables that support the radio telescopes are slowly unraveling in this U.S. territory, threatening scientific projects that researchers say can't be done elsewhere on the planet. (Arecibo Observatory via AP)
FILE – This July 13, 2016 file photo shows one of the largest single-dish radio telescopes at the Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Giant, aging cables that support the radio telescopes are slowly unraveling in this U.S. territory, threatening scientific projects that researchers say can't be done elsewhere on the planet. (AP Photo/Danica Coto, File)
FILE – This May 31, 2007 file photo shows the world's largest single-dish radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. The University of Central Florida that manages the National Science Foundation facility said in a statement Tuesday, Aug. 11, 2020, that a cable that helps support a metal platform broke and caused a 100-foot (30-meter) gash on a reflector dish. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley, File)
FILE- In this March 26, 2003, file photo, the world's largest radio telescope is seen from the air, at the Arecibo Observatory, in Puerto Rico. The future of one of the world's largest single-dish radio telescopes has been called into question after the U.S. National Science Foundation announced it was formally seeking someone to operate the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. The Wednesday, Jan 25, 2017, announcement comes as the federal agency runs out of funds to support the observatory. (AP Photo/ Tomas van Houtryve, File)
The collapse stunned many scientists who had relied on what was until recently the largest radio telescope in the world.
"It sounded like a rumble. I knew exactly what it was," said Jonathan Friedman, who worked for 26 years as a senior research associate at the observatory and still lives near it. "I was screaming. Personally, I was out of control…. I don't have words to express it. It's a very deep, terrible feeling."
Friedman ran up a small hill near his home and confirmed his suspicions: A cloud of dust hung in the air where the structure once stood, demolishing hopes held by some scientists that the telescope could somehow be repaired.
"It's a huge loss," said Carmen Pantoja, an astronomer and professor at the University of Puerto Rico who used the telescope for her doctorate. "It was a chapter of my life."
Scientists worldwide had been petitioning U.S. officials and others to reverse the NSF's decision to close the observatory. The NSF said at the time that it intended to eventually reopen the visitor center and restore operations at the observatory's remaining assets, including its two LIDAR facilities used for upper atmospheric and ionospheric research, including analyzing cloud cover and precipitation data.
The telescope was built in the 1960s with money from the Defense Department amid a push to develop anti-ballistic missile defenses. It had endured hurricanes, tropical humidity and a recent string of earthquakes in its 57 years of operation.
The telescope has been used to track asteroids on a path to Earth, conduct research that led to a Nobel Prize and determine if a planet is potentially habitable. It also served as a training ground for graduate students and drew about 90,000 visitors a year.
"I am one of those students who visited it when young and got inspired," said Abel Méndez, a physics and astrobiology professor at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo who has used the telescope for research. "The world without the observatory loses, but Puerto Rico loses even more."
He last used the telescope on Aug. 6, just days before a socket holding the auxiliary cable that snapped failed in what experts believe could be a manufacturing error. The National Science Foundation, which owns the observatory that is managed by the University of Central Florida, said crews who evaluated the structure after the first incident determined that the remaining cables could handle the additional weight.
But on Nov. 6, another cable broke.
A spokesman for the observatory said there would be no immediate comment, and a spokeswoman for the University of Central Florida did not return requests for comment.
Scientists had used the telescope to study pulsars to detect gravitational waves as well as search for neutral hydrogen, which can reveal how certain cosmic structures are formed. About 250 scientists worldwide had been using the observatory when it closed in August, including Méndez, who was studying stars to detect habitable plantes.
"I'm trying to recover," he said. "I am still very much affected."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Does it sound good "I am better growing up than you".
I am little bit confused hearing this sentence in the context of someone cultural environment for growing up is better than someone other
Does it sounds good grammatically.

A: I don't think "I am better growing up than you" makes sense.
"I had it better growing up than you." means a better cultural/financial/emotional/physical environment.
"I was a better student/swimmer growing up than you." or "I was better at school/swimming growing up than you." means that was true when we were kids (even if not of the same generation), but not necessarily now (one of you could still be a kid) or when both were adults.
To really stretch it, "I am better at growing up than you." could mean that I am maturing faster or better (physically - e.g., taller; emotionally - e.g., more stable or faster to being stable, or in habits/abilities/skills) than you but this is awkward and I would not use it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The days are lengthening. The snowdrops are out and have been for a week or more. The birds are busy in the trees – I'm sure that I saw a magpie with nest building material in its beak last week. At the weekend foul weather and domestic duties kept me from taking advantage of the improvements, but on Tuesday after work I took a scenic route back from the train station. I climbed uphill by the road and then turned through Fleagarth Wood.
On another (fairly) recent walk from the train station I walked with Mike, who used to be our neighbour (and who supplied the boundary riding postcard I posted recently). He asked whether I had noticed the spot along the Row where a dog fox crosses the road regularly. Had he seen it? No. Then how did he know? Because of the smell. When we reached the place Mike was referring to, by Bank Well, sure enough there was a faint but distinctively sharp scent. Now I thought that I could detect the same aroma in Fleagarth wood, but when I stopped to sniff again it seemed to be gone. On Sunday evening, driving home from a family trip to the swimming baths, we saw a fox cross the road ahead – so they are about – just very elusive.
When I emerged from the woods on the edge of the salt marsh, Warton Crag was glowing golden in the late sun and a window at Crag Foot was catching the sunlight and throwing it back like a signalling mirror (see above). Although I was enjoying the light I was a little disappointed – the golden glow spread southwards along the coast, lighting the windows of the buildings along the sea front at Morecambe and previous experience led to me to believe that I would miss the sunset as I wouldn't reach Jenny Brown's Point quick enough to see it. I hadn't factored in the time of year – the sun set further south in the western sky than I had anticipated and I had a chance to watch it from the muddy bank of Quicksand Pool, by Jenny Brown's cottages.
By the time I did reach Jenny Brown's Point the sun was gone, but it had left fabulous colours in the sky to soften the blow of its departure.
This afternoon the light was superb once again, the best view being of Warton Crag again as we passed it in the train – the trees amber in the sunlight and the sky behind egg-shell blue with huge scraps of blue-black clouds. This time I took a route through Eaves Wood, where there has been more tree felling and scrub clearing up by the Ring of Beeches.


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An historical analysis of young people's use of public space, parks and playgrounds in New York City
Wridt, P. J.
In this paper I present childhood biographies of three people who grew up in or near a public housing development located on the border between the contrasting communities of Yorkville and East Harlem in New York City. Stories of their middle childhood (ages 11-13) poignantly capture the social and spatial evolution of play and recreation in New York City from the 1930s until present time. Based on in-depth childhood autobiographies and archival materials from the New York Times, I demonstrate changes in children's access to play and recreation space, how children negotiate their lived experiences in these spaces, and how these spaces reflect differing representations of childhood over time. While play and recreation are, of course, a broad range of activities that occur in multiple settings and under various forms of supervision, the focus of this paper is upon the role of the streets, public parks and playgrounds in children's everyday lives. Preliminary results suggest that children's access to public play spaces in New York City has declined over time. This decline can be attributed to public disinvestment in neighborhood parks and playgrounds, perceived (and real) violence in these spaces, and more recently, to the commercialization and privatization of playtime activities.
The changing meaning of community space: Two models of NGO management of community gardens in New York City
International journal of urban and regional research (2012)
Eizenberg, E.
This article examines two different models of space management, devised by NGOs to confront the marketization of public space in New York City through privatizing the land of community gardens. The Trust for Public Land promotes a model that emphasizes community ownership, while the New York Restoration Project promotes a model that emphasizes the preservation of land. The article compares the two models of NGO management of community gardens particularly through the lens of community participation, sense of ownership and control over space, and argues that both models transform the meaning of public space in ways that undermine its opportunity to develop as an autonomous community space.
Excavating the hidden city of social reproduction: A commentary
City & Society (1998)
Katz, C.
The notion of a hidden city of social reproduction, suggests that the uneven relations and material practices of social reproduction are respectively hidden and targeted by a neo-liberal urban agenda. A discussion of the public-private Grand Central Partnership in New York City, reveals some of the ways that this agenda is pursued through preservation, and addresses how particular social actors and their activities are removed from view in the interests of ensuring "orderly," "clean," and "safe" public space.
Public space, private place: The contested terrain of Tompkins Square Park
Berkeley Journal of Sociology (1992)
Mattson, A., & Duncombe, S.
No abstract.
The evolution of privately owned public spaces in New York City
Stephan Schmidt, Erik Botsford & Jeremy Nemeth
New York City has actively engaged the private sector in providing publicly accessible spaces through the use of density bonuses and other mechanisms since 1961. In this article, we examine how the changing regulatory environment, promulgated by zoning reforms of the mid-1970s that advocated for increased amenity creation, has impacted the use, design and management of privately owned public space (POPS). We examine 123 POPS – 47 constructed before the mid-1970s reforms, 76 built after the reforms – using an index to measure levels of control or openness in publicly accessible space. We find that compared with prereform spaces, post-reform spaces encourage use through the introduction of design features and signage, but discourage use by decreasing accessibility of the space and increasing the amount of subjective rules and regulations. We also find that the reforms had no significant impact on use or sociability. Our findings can help guide planners and policymakers in New York City and elsewhere to understand how they can not only encourage better privately owned spaces, but perhaps even mandate them.
Disparities in Urban Neighborhood Conditions: Evidence from GIS measures and field Observation in NYC
Journal of Public Health Policy (2009)
Neckerman K.N., et. al
Although many low-income urban areas are highly walkable by conventional measures such as population density or land use mix, chronic diseases related to lack of physical activity are more common among residents of these areas. Disparities in neighborhood conditions may make poor areas less attractive environments for walking, offsetting the advantages of density and land use mix. This study compared poor and nonpoor neighborhoods in New York City, using geographic information systems measures constructed from public data for US census tracts within New York City (N = 2,172) as well as field observation of a matched-pair sample of 76 block faces on commercial streets in poor and nonpoor neighborhoods. Poor census tracts had significantly fewer street trees, landmarked buildings, clean streets, and sidewalk cafes, and higher rates of felony complaints, narcotics arrests, and vehicular crashes. The field observation showed similar results. Improving aesthetic and safety conditions in poor neighborhoods may help reduce disparities in physical activity among urban residents.
From civil relations to racial conflict: Merchant-customer interactions in urban America
American Sociological Review (2002)
Lee, J.
The 1992 Los Angeles riot, the boycotts of Korean-owned businesses, and the 1995 firebombing of a Jewish-owned store in New York's Harlem brought concerns about race and ethnic relations in black neighborhoods to the fore. Images of conflict seared into the public consciousness that black communities are fraught with racial animosity, with immigrant merchants pitted against black customers. The merchant- customer relationship has been cited as a catalyst to such conflicts. This image of conflict, however, is inconsistent with most merchant-customer interactions and does not reflect the full range of commercial life in black communities. Most merchant- customer interactions are civil and ordinary. Civil relations prevail because merchants foster civility, abate tensions, and thwart conflict. However, under conditions of extreme inequality, small events can trigger racial anger, and the symbolic significance of nonblack-owned businesses can become a stimulus of motivations for protest that leads to boycotts and firebombings. This study is based on 75 in-depth interviews of African American, Jewish, and Korean merchants and on 75 in-depth interviews with black customers and both participant and nonparticipant observation at five research sites in New York City and Philadelphia.
On the Contours of Public Space: A Tale of Three Women
Antipode (1998)
Liz Bondi & Mona Domosh
Streetscape Features Related to Pedestrian Activity
Reid Ewing, William Greene, Amir Hajrasouliha, Kathryn M. Neckerman & Marnie Purciel-Hill
By measuring twenty streetscape features and numerous other variables for 588 blocks in New York City, we were able to identify variables that explain pedestrian traffic volumes. We found significant positive correlations between three out of twenty streetscape features with pedestrian counts after controlling for density and other built environmental variables. The significant streetscape features are the proportion of windows on the street, the proportion of active street frontage, and the number of pieces of street furniture. This study provides guidance for streetscape projects that aim to create walkable streets and pedestrian-friendly environments.
Toward a Methodology for Measuring the Security of Publicly Accessible Spaces
Journal of the American Planning Association (2007)
Jeremy Németh & Stephan Schmidt
Safety and security are essential components of urban public space management, particularly since September 11, 2001. Although security is necessary for creating spaces the public will use, making it a top priority is often criticized for restricting social interaction, constraining individual liberties, and unjustly excluding certain populations. This study examines legal, design, and policy tools used to exert social and behavioral control in publicly accessible urban spaces. Based on a review of the relevant literature and extensive site visits to spaces in New York City, we create an index that uses 20 separate indicators in four broad categories to quantify the degree to which the use of a space is controlled. Since comparable instruments do not exist, we propose our index be used to evaluate publicly accessible spaces. We suggest several potential applications useful in planning practice and for testing theories about public space.
Inside the empire: Ethnography of a global citadel in New York
Smithsimon, G.
For Friedmann and Wolff, the citadel's physical form—physically defended enclaves in the global city—shapes relations between citadels and outsiders. Subsequent work claims that the designs of citadels produce simulated community life, exclude the city and sanitise public spaces. However, such claims have been based on relatively brief observations. This ethnography assesses the impact of design by examining the quintessential citadel of Battery Park City, in New York City, while the community mobilised against plans for a highway tunnel bordering their community during redevelopment of the neighbouring World Trade Center site. Community life is robust. However, the influence of the physical design is borne out in previously unrecognised ways: residents are identified as a crucial new constituency promoting exclusivity in the global city.
New Retail Capital and Neighborhood Change: Boutiques and Gentrification in New York City
Sharon Zukin, Peter Frase, Danielle Jackson, Tim Recuber, Valerie Trujillo & Abraham Walker
Since the 1970s, certain types of upscale restaurants, cafés, and stores have emerged as highly visible signs of gentrification in cities all over the world. Taking Harlem and Williamsburg as field sites, we explore the role of these new stores and services ("boutiques") as agents of change in New York City through data on changing composition of retail and services, interviews with new store owners, and discursive analysis of print media. Since the 1990s, the share of boutiques, including those owned by small local chains, has dramatically increased, while the share of corporate capital (large chain stores) has increased somewhat, and the share of traditional local stores and services has greatly declined. The media, state, and quasi-public organizations all value boutiques, which they see as symbols and agents of revitalization. Meanwhile, new retail investors—many, in Harlem, from the new black middle class—are actively changing the social class and ethnic character of the neighborhoods. Despite owners' responsiveness to community identity and racial solidarity, "boutiquing" calls attention to displacement of local retail stores and services on which long-term, lower class residents rely and to the state's failure to take responsibility for their retention, especially in a time of economic crisis.
Conflicting rights to the city in New York's community gardens
GeoJournal (2002)
Staeheli, L. A., Mitchell, D., & Gibson, K.
In the mid-1990s, New York City initiated what would prove to be a long, highly visible struggle involving rights claims related to property, housing, and public space in the form of community gardens. The competing discourses of rights were part of a struggle over the kind of city that New York was to become, and more specifically, whether it would be one in which difference is accepted and in which access to the city and the public realm would be guaranteed. Using interviews with participants in the conflict over community gardens, we evaluate how the resolution to the gardens crisis, which in part occurred through the privatization of what are often taken to be public or community rights to land, transform not only the legal status of the gardens but also, potentially, their role as places where different 'publics' can both exercise their right to the city and solidify that right in the landscape.
Potential affordances of public art in public parks: Central Park and the High Line
Urban Design and Planning (2017)
Cushing D., Pennings M.
Public art is an artistic expression created in streets, squares and other public spaces, including parks. Using the two popular public parks in the New York City, Central Park and the High Line, this paper explores the affordances offered by public art in these two urban environments, with a focus on physical, intellectual and emotional connections between the visitor, the artwork and the landscape setting. Using affordance theory as a framework, it considers the design of the landscape as a behaviour setting that affords viewing, acknowledgement and reflection of the artwork within the contemporary cultural context. Using preliminary qualitative observations of six artworks within the two parks, this research suggests that public art has the potential to afford such diverse opportunities for public park visitors. In order for these affordances to be actualised, the design of the park and the artwork's intentions should be coordinated to ensure that the experiences of the visitor align with the claimed benefits of public art.
Changing patterns of urban public space
Roman Cybriwsky
This paper looks at new, high-profile redevelopment projects in Tokyo and New York City and their surroundings for examples of trends in the design of urban public spaces and changing patterns in how they are used. This includes new parks and other open spaces, landscaped plazas or public squares associated with new office towers, shopping centers and other largescale commercial developments, and various popular "festival sites" such as those along recreation waterfronts. A comparison indicates that both cities have quite a few new public spaces that enhance the quality of urban life and add aesthetic appeal, but that also reflect certain social problems and divisions. We see the following common trends: (1) increasing privatization of spaces that were once more clearly in the public domain; (2) increasing surveillance of public spaces and control of access to them in order to improve security; and (3) increasing use of design themes that employ "theme park" simulations and break connections with local history and geography. In the Tokyo area there is also a curious trend to create large, landscaped open areas near new development projects that few people use. They can be called "planned wastelands" or "new urban deserts". New York City, on the other hand, has succeeded in having more people come together for enjoyment in parts of the city that were once all but abandoned. The paper is illustrated with photographs, and draws on the examples of Times Square, South Street Seaport and Battery Park City in New York, and Yebisu Garden Place, Teleport–Daiba, Makuhari New Town and Minato Mirai 21 in the Tokyo–Yokohama area.
Security zones and New York City's shrinking public space
Németh, J. & Hollander, J.
Urban scholars lament the loss of public space due to heightened security and behavioral controls borne of economic priorities and anti‐terror concerns after September 11th 2001. Owners and managers of government buildings, banks and courthouses have closed streets and fitted the surrounding space with concrete barriers, bollards and moat‐like structures to prevent potential terror attacks. These are reasonable protections in emergency situations, but, as threat levels fall, these zones fail to incorporate a diversity of users, privatizing the space for those with security clearance. The ubiquity of these zones encourages us to consider them as a new type of land use. To test this statement, we describe the results of site visits to two high‐profile New York City neighborhoods (one with numerous civic buildings, the other populated with corporate headquarters). Using a simple tool we developed, we find that 27% of aggregate non‐building area in the two districts is now in a security zone. Interestingly, the percentage of space within each district that can be classed as a security zone is reasonably similar, providing insight into the way in which terror targets are internally and externally defined and justified. We argue that this new type of land use is an important and permanent feature of twenty‐first century global cities.
Understanding Business Improvement District formation: An analysis of neighborhoods and boundaries
Journal of Urban Economics (2011)
Meltzer, R.
Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) provide supplemental services to urban commercial corridors using funds from member assessments. They have become a very popular urban revitalization tool, but their formation is still largely unexplained. Theory implies that BIDs will form if they add to aggregate welfare and if the marginal net benefit of membership is positive. I test this for the neighborhood overall and at the BID boundary. Using unique, micro-level and longitudinal data from New York City, I employ survival analysis methods to estimate the likelihood of a neighborhood forming a BID. I then estimate the likelihood of the marginal property's BID membership by comparing the characteristics of properties located immediately inside and outside of the BID boundaries. I find that BIDs are more likely to form when there is more commercial space over which the BID benefits can be capitalized and when there is homogeneity in service and spending preferences across properties. BIDs also tend to form in neighbor- hoods that possess signs of appreciation and growth. Generally, BIDs are more likely to form in neighbor- hoods with higher valued properties with the exception of very wealthy areas. The BID boundary, however, is comprised of relatively less valuable properties.
Defining a public: The management of privately owned public space
Németh, J.
This paper empirically explores the management of privately owned public space. It examines 163 spaces produced through New York City's incentive zoning programme, whereby developers provide and manage a public space in exchange for fl oor area ratio (FAR) bonuses. Developers of these bonus spaces employ a variety of management approaches, each correlating with common theories of spatial control in publicly owned spaces. However, as developer priorities are often fi scally driven, most approaches severely limit political, social and democratic functions of public space and produce a constricted defi nition of the public. As such, privately owned public spaces have deleterious effects on concepts of citizenship and representation, even as they become the new models for urban space provision and management.
Licensing, popular practices and public spaces: An inquiry via the geographies of street food vending
Koch, R.
The socio-legal technology of licensing is one of the primary tools governments use to manage spaces and practices deemed risky or threatening to public order. Licensing requirements thus play a crucial role in shaping routine experiences in public space as well as the trajectories of emerging forms of public life. Yet licensing laws have largely been ignored in critical urban scholarship: too often concerned with the interpretation and critique of popular practices and public spaces, the mundane operations of urban governance are often left to practitioners and policy researchers. This article demonstrates how paying closer attention to licensure can provide valuable and unexpected insights into matters of social equality, urban amenity and economic opportunity. It does so through a comparative inquiry into practices of street food vending in New York City, Seattle, and Portland, Oregon. Drawing on ethnographic study and interviews, the article demonstrates how licensing can be involved in the production of quite peculiar and unjust geographies of practice, but also how shifts in popular culture can force a reconsideration of taken-for- granted laws. In conclusion, it is argued that a focus on licensing offers a productive pathway for new forms of critical urban research and provides a potential point of leverage in efforts to configure better and more democratic forms of urban public life.


text:
Q: Fabricjs scale paths in a path-group from svg I've got two SVGs in the jsfiddle but only one is displaying due the second being very large.
Is there a need to scale the group paths individually?
var canvas = new fabric.Canvas('c');

// svgs
svg1 = document.getElementById('svg1').innerHTML;
svg2 = document.getElementById('svg2').innerHTML;

var zoomScale = 0.8;

function loadSVG(svg, top) {
  fabric.loadSVGFromString(svg, function(objects, options) {
    var obj = fabric.util.groupSVGElements(objects, options);

    obj.fill = 'rgb(0,0,0)';
    obj.top = top;
    obj.left = 10;
    obj.width = canvas.width / 2;
    obj.height = canvas.height / 2;
    obj.strokeWidth = 1;
    obj.stroke = 'green';

    obj.scaleX = zoomScale;
    obj.scaleY = zoomScale;

    console.log('obj', obj)

    canvas.add(obj);

    obj.setCoords();

    canvas.setActiveObject(obj);
  });
}

// Works
loadSVG(svg1, 10);

// Not Works
loadSVG(svg2, 300)

Fabricjs version: 1.7.9
http://jsfiddle.net/zxkh0o2t/
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A: The problem is only the height and width parameters in the second SVG
You have currently in the second SVG:
width="100%"
height="100%"

Just change it to something like this:
width="300px"
height="300px"

And the second SVG will also appear.
Here is the updated fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/xp2nj3g1/


Most common health issues googled by state.
As 2018 comes to a close, we wanted to take a look and see what Americans googled most this year. According to a study by Medicare Health Plans, we're not only able to see the most searched health issues, but we can look at the topics broken down by each state.
What's the most common health concern googled overall? ADHD, or Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. ADHD also happens to be the most frequently searched health topic in Texas.
Curious about the rest of the country? Check out the list below.
When emergencies happen, you want the best care fast. Five Star ER is open 24/7 to take care of you.
Injuries can happen to any child who plays sports, but knowing what to do after an injury occurs can help your kids get back in the game faster.
In a recent report, 90% of young athletes say they have been injured while playing a sport. In a separate survey, 54% of athletes who suffered an injury did not report it to their coach or parents in fear that they might miss an important game or let their team down. Youth sports not only helps kids stay healthy, they also promote a range of mental and psychological skills that can help later in life. Unfortunately, kids who play sports are also at risk for injuries that could have serious consequences if left untreated.
Do you know how to spot the most common youth sport injuries? Read on to test your knowledge and learn when to seek medical help.
Sprains are injuries to a ligament which is the tissue that connects two or more bones to a joint.
One or more ligaments is stretched or torn when a sprain occurs. While many activities can cause a sprain, they are more common in sports due to players falling, twisting or landing in a way that causes damage. Ankle sprains are most common. Pain, swelling and bruising are the most common symptoms of a sprain.
In most cases, the best treatment for a sprain is the R.I.C.E. method which stands for rest, ice, compression and elevation. To learn more about the R.I.C.E. method watch this short video featuring Five Star ER Nurse Katelin Nicholes.
Even with appropriate treatment there are times that you should seek emergency medical help for sprains. Severe sprains may require surgery to repair torn ligaments.
Strains are injuries to a muscle or tendon. Tendons are the tissue that connects muscle to bone. When a strain occurs, the tendon or muscle is stretched or torn. Much likes sprains, strains are common in sports due to players falling, twisting or landing in a way that causes damage to a tendon. Strains can also occur from over-stressing muscles or certain actives like lifting a heavy object the wrong way.
Pain, swelling, cramping and muscle weakness are the most common symptoms of a strain. In most cases, the best treatment for a strain is the R.I.C.E. method which stands for rest, ice, compression and elevation.
Just like sprains, strains may need to be evaluated by a medical professional to ensure surgery is not needed for a serious tear.
Contusion is another word for bruise, which most people are familiar with. Bruises can be caused by the force of a hard surface against the body that does not break the skin. After an injury, blood will pool underneath the skin's surface which causes the discoloration of the skin that most people associate with a bruise. In most cases, bruises are mild and can also be treated with the R.I.C.E. method.
A fracture, also referred to as a broken bone, is the complete or partial break of a bone. Fractures are the second most common sports injury after sprains and strains.
The most common signs of a fracture are pain, swelling and deformity of the injured area (may look like a lump or a change in the shape of the limb). Sometimes the break is non-displaced, meaning the two pieces of bone are in line with one another. This can make broken bones can be hard to identify, which is why patients should be seen by a medical professional.
What is a concussion? A concussion is a brain injury after a bump or blow to the head.
Head impacts and concussions are a growing epidemic among young athletes. When left undetected, concussions can result in long-term brain damage and may even prove fatal.
"It's important for parents and coaches to be aware of the injuries that can happen in youth sports. Youth athletes tend to underreport injuries and symptoms of injuries," said Dr. Greg Hadden, Medical Director at Five Star ER in Dripping Springs. If your child is injured, take them to a professional medical for an evaluation before they play the sport again. Otherwise, the injury could get worse and not heal properly.
One recent study shows reported concussions are up 500% since 2010 in youth sports across the U.S. with most them happening during the months of September and October.
Because you cannot see a concussion, the signs and symptoms may not be immediately apparent. Common symptoms include headache, nausea or vomiting, balance problems or dizziness, blurry vision, sensitivity to light and sound, trouble concentrating, confusion and feeling sluggish/hazy/foggy or groggy.
To learn more about signs and symptoms of a concussion watch this short video featuring Five Star ER Medical Director Dr. Brian Aldred.
Seek medical attention immediately if your child has a head injury or is experiencing signs of a concussion.
Five Star ER is a freestanding 24 hour Emergency Room in Austin and the surrounding area. Our experienced physicians bring their excellent tradition of emergency care to a first-class, patient-centered freestanding ER.
Our patient-centered care means you will come first. We provide the same capabilities of a hospital emergency room, without the wait. Patients enjoy the comfortable waiting room lounge and private exam rooms. To find the location nearest you, click here.
The heart gets a lot of attention in February, and Five Star ER wants to make sure the health of your heart gets the attention it deserves.
Heart disease is the number one cause of death in America. Heart disease encompasses many different diseases, from congenital heart defects to arrhythmia. The most common type of heart disease in America is cardiovascular disease, which has to do with the blocking or narrowing of your blood vessels. This can lead to hart attack, chest pain (angina), or stroke.
Cholesterol is a waxy substance that your body needs to build cells, but can be bad if there is too much. Your liver makes all the cholesterol your body needs and the rest comes from your diet, in foods such as meat, poultry and full-fat dairy products. There are two types of cholesterol — the "good kind" (HDL) and the "bad kind" (LDL). Too much LDL or too little HDL can cause damage such as clogged arteries, otherwise known as atherosclerosis. This can lead to stroke or heart attack.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is when the force of the blood pushing against your blood vessels is too high. High blood pressure causes your heart to work harder and less efficiently, which can result in loss of vision, sexual dysfunction, stroke and heart attack or failure. New standards for high blood pressure were released in 2017, which put a majority of Americans at risk for high blood pressure.
Heart disease, high cholesterol or high blood pressure can all lead to serious emergency medical conditions, like heart attack or stroke. Symptoms of heart attack can include chest pain, dizziness, nausea, back/jaw pain, or tingling in arms. Stroke symptoms can include face drooping, arm weakness and speech difficulty. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, seek medical help immediately! In a heart emergency, minutes can make a matter of difference. Stroke and heart attack need immediate emergency medical treatment, like that found at Five Star ER.
The best way to take care of your heart is to take care of your health. Eating healthy, exercising and managing stress can all lower your chance for heart disease. Yoga and meditation are popular ways to lower your stress levels, and can be particularly effective in the morning when your chances for heart attack are highest. Eating foods like vegetables, multi-grain products like bran and oats, and fatty fishes can increase your HDL and lower your LDL cholesterol. Getting enough aerobic activity every week can also reduce your risk of heart disease. 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity a week, like walking briskly or mowing the lawn, is the recommendation.
If you think you're having a serious heart problem, seek medical help right away! Five Star ER has all the services you'd expect at a traditional ER without the wait. If you're having a heart attack a few minutes can make a huge difference! All four of our convenient locations are open 24/7, so that you can receive the same quality care you'd expect from a traditional ER.
February 14 is all about the heart. Here are some fun facts to help you learn more about this vital organ, and maybe help you show your own heart some love today.
That means in the average human lifespan your heart beats 2,885,300,000 times! Your heart works hard to pump blood to the 60,000 miles of blood vessels in your body. Keep your heart healthy and pumping by making healthy choices, like eating right and exercising.
You're most likely to have a heart attack in the morning.
According to Harvard researchers, you are 40% more likely to have a heart attack between the hours of 6 a.m. and 12 p.m. This is due to your heart's natural circadian changes.
An electric system controls the rhythm of your heart.
This system is called the cardiac conduction system. This is also why automatic external defibrillators, or AEDs, can be life-saving devices in cardiac emergencies. Pacemakers are also used to help keep the cardiac conduction system in check for people with heart health issues.
Falling in love can cause your heart to beat faster.
In the early stages of a relationship, hormones like dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline are released. This causes specific physical reactions that include flushed cheeks, sweaty palms and a racing heart.
Women and men have different hearts.
While it's commonly thought that men and women have different approaches to relationships, there are physiological differences in the heart of a man and woman. A woman's heart usually beats faster and typically weighs 2 ounces lees than a man's. There are also different symptoms of heart attack in men and women. Men and women experience chest pain, but women are more likely to experience neck or back pain, nausea/vomiting or shortness of breath.
If you think you're having a heart attack, seek medical help right away! Five Star ER has all the services you'd expect at a traditional ER without the wait. If you're having a heart attack a few minutes can make a huge difference!All four of our convenient locations are open 24/7, so that you can receive the same quality care you'd expect from a traditional ER.


Managed WordPress Services: High security to keep your site safe!
If you choose a Managed WordPress Services plan, your website will be hosted with a leading WordPress hosting provider that is used by thousands of the world's top creative businesses. High security standards are followed in order to keep your site secure, your data safe, and your mind at ease. If you would like to know more about the hosting provider and platform your site will be hosted on, please get in touch!
The terms "hosting provider" and "hosting platform" are referencing the company "Fancy Chap Inc. d/b/a Flywheel" which is used to provide the website hosting and some features included as party of the Managed WordPress Services.
The hosting platform that is used to host your site was built from the ground up with security as a core pillar of not only the platform, but the hosting provider's entire organizational culture. The hosting provider assesses how security affects code that is pushed at a micro-level, and how it affects what is being built at a macro-level. To accomplish this, a variety of teams and individuals are assigned, dedicated to reviewing, updating, and developing industry-leading security practices across every aspect of the hosting company.
The hosting provider uses a variety of internal tests to assess security during every stage of development and throughout the organization. The provider also adheres to the security expectations set forth by a number of organizations to meet and exceed industry standards.
The hosting provider performs internal audits of all systems and software to ensure privacy and security standards are met and exceeded. They also work with credentialed assessors to perform external audits and determine compliance of industry security regulations.
The hosting provider works with legal professionals to review all security and privacy standards set forth by the organisation. These professionals collaborate with the hosting provider's Security Team to ensure all policies comply with legal and regulatory requirements while upholding their values.
The hosting provider security and development teams partner with third party security providers to conduct regular penetration and vulnerability testing on both our application and infrastructure to identify potential security or privacy concerns. Any reported incidents are then prioritized and patched by the relevant security team, engineers, and/or management.
• Nightly scans of hosting providers network to identify known or spot potential vulnerabilities.
• Identifying and communicating identified vulnerabilities and/or security breaches to the hosting provider's leadership and the relevant security teams.
• Individual monitoring all websites on the hosting platform.
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The hosting platform uses a variety of techniques to block traffic starting with preventing known malicious IP addresses from opening a session with the server, which is a very severe and immediate action. Another softer layer of security provided is a proprietary caching ban. This method detects "banned" access attempts and displays a cached page to the visitor stating that their connection has been banned. This method stops the connection at the highest layer of the service provider software stack and utilizes the fewest server resources while still presenting a user-friendly response. In the rare of occasion that a user has forgotten their password and keeps trying dozens of time in just a few minutes, they'll see a ban page but will be presented with easy, on-screen instructions to get their IP un-banned.
Since banned IP information is shared across sites on the platform, a kind of "herd immunity" is developed to malicious actors in real time as the attacks come in. So your site's protected from hackers before they even try to attack your site.


Healthy People 2020 includes over 1,200 objectives to monitor and improve the health of all Americans over the decade. The objectives are organized into 42 Topic Areas, each representing an important public health area.
From Cornell University's Division of Nutritional Science, NutrionWorks helps you to stay up to date on nutrition topics, interact directly with Cornell experts, communicate with other practitioners, and earn continuing education credit, instantly online.
The Healthy Food Access Portal harnesses a vast array of data and information to support the successful planning and implementation of policies, programs, and projects to improve access to healthy foods in low-income and communities of color. The Portal is designed to help people access resources related to healthy food access policy efforts, funding opportunities, and successful retail strategies. Our three organizations selected resources and created content that would appeal to users from diverse backgrounds – community leaders, entrepreneurs, government officials, public health advocates, and economic development practitioners. In so doing, we aim to build and strengthen a community of learning and practice.
Foodsafety.gov is the gateway to food safety information provided by government agencies. The site provides the latest information on food safety, recalls, and food poisoning.
Nutrition.gov is a government-sponsored website that offers credible information to help make healthful eating choices. Nutrition.gov serves as a gateway to reliable information on nutrition, healthy eating, physical activity, and food safety for consumers. The site is updated regularly by a staff of Registered Dietitians at the Food and Nutrition Information Center (FNIC) located at the National Agricultural Library (NAL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Nutrition.gov receives website content guidance from a working group that consists of food and nutrition scientific experts within United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Nutrition.gov is funded by the Research, Education and Economics (REE) mission area of the USDA.
National Institutes of Health's Web site provides information about diseases, conditions, and wellness issues in understandable language. Offers reliable, up-to-date health information and research for free.


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Government plans $500 million London listing of Agyapa Royalties – sources
in Business, highlights, Home, home-news, latest News, Mining
Government is planning an up to $500 million listing of its gold royalty fund in London in October, though the deal could still run into political opposition, three sources familiar with the matter have told Reuters.
Agyapa Royalties, a government-backed fund that holds equity interests including mining royalties in the state's gold assets, has hired Bank of America and JPMorgan to pursue an initial public offering (IPO) on the London Stock Exchange this year, the sources said.
Royalties are payments that give the owner the right to receive a percentage of production from a mining operation, or retain a stake in them.
Ghana wants to take advantage of the precious metal's strong performance this year to raise $400 million-$500 million from the IPO, the sources said. The fund's shares will also be listed on the Ghanaian Stock Exchange.
However, the listing could be derailed or pushed back because of resistance from Ghana's main opposition party ahead of a December general election, the sources said.
"It's genuinely 50-50 at the moment, but if the local politics works out, the deal is ready to go this year," said one of the sources.
The listing provides an opportunity to raise funds without increasing the national debt burden, Ghana's deputy minister for finance Charles Adu Boahen said, and capital raised will be invested in infrastructure, education, health, and housing.
Tags: Agyapa RoyaltiesBank of AmericaIPOJP MorganLSE
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The UK's Climate Change Act presents a big challenge to the construction and building services industries. Thankfully, combined heat and power (CHP) offers a long-term solution.
The UK is committed to reducing emissions to 90% below 1990 levels by 2050. A path to realise this has been set out but, as buildings actually account for 33% of the UK's CO2 emissions, the task is a huge one.
One solution that's already proving popular in the industry is to use combined heat and power (CHP). A CHP unit provides a substantial proportion of a building's energy, and offers a route to long-term sustainability – while helping to meet regulatory, planning and voluntary standards.
Both use monthly, steady-state calculations, and the software compares the calculated emissions from the proposed building with a target CO2 emission rate (TER).
In order to comply with Part L of the Building Regulations (England, Wales) or Section 6 of Building Standards (Scotland) the predicted emissions for the building must be less than the target.
The TER is derived from the CO2 emissions of a notional building. This has the same geometry of the proposed building, but with fabric and services taken from a set of defaults designed to give an acceptable level of emissions. In the case of building services, this is a gas boiler for heating and grid electricity.
The generation of onsite heat and power using CHP is a sustainable way to reduce the emissions of the actual building to well below the TER.
As the unit produces electricity, it captures the heat created during the process. This can then be used to provide low-cost heating and hot water – reducing energy use and emissions.
Building Regulations require the CHP plant to be well-configured. The Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide (which sets minimum performance standards) requires CHP to have a minimum Quality Index of 105 on the government's combined heat and power quality assurance (CHPQA) standard.
At present, planning authorities can impose additional requirements for energy efficiency as a condition of planning consent. For example, agreeing to supply a certain proportion of energy from low or zero carbon sources is a common requirement. Adopting CHP ensures this requirement can be met.
Through its planning policy, London now has a requirement that all new buildings have CO2 emissions 35% below the current TER defined by Building Regulations. A well-configured CHP system will make a significant contribution to achieving such a low emission rate.
By bringing CO2 emissions well below regulatory levels, CHP can also contribute to achieving good ratings on voluntary environmental standards, such as BREEAM and the new Home Quality Mark.
With a well-specified CHP unit you can make a substantial contribution to ensuring a building meets regulatory and voluntary sustainability standards. Put simply, it's smarter technology with sustainability at its heart.
Find out more about ENER-G CHP and what it could do for your business.


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The Chalkboard: Juve dominate Chelsea
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Juventus vs Chelsea (UEFA Champions League)
Defending Italian champions Juventus took on defending Champions of Europe Chelsea in a must win clash for the home side in Turin. The Bianconeri displayed a stunning performance that now leaves the defending champs on the brink of elimination (and the first ones to not make it through to the knockout round while being the title holders). It also led to the dismissal of Roberto Di Matteo as Chelsea boss, just months after he did a Champions League-FA Cup double.
After a lot of speculation, Chelsea went in with their usual 4-2-3-1 formation, however a couple of alterations were made. Eden Hazard played a false 9 role as the Blues started without a recognised striker. Spaniard Azpilicueta played in an unconventional role on the right side of midfield.
Juventus continued with their favourable 3-5-2 formation that has been highly successful. Fabio Quagliarella who scored a crucial goal in the reverse fixture in London, coming off the bench, started this time round. No surprises from the Italian otherwise.
NOTE: This article has been written by our two writers, Vishal Patel and Sami Faizullah. Click on their names to see their other articles.
Juventus exploiting the wings
A move that Juventus constantly used was shifting the ball out wide to take advantage of a narrow Chelsea defence. The 4 men at the back stuck close to each other, choosing not to drift wide often.
This allowed Asamoah and Lichtsteiner to run down either flanks in an attacking phase giving them tons of space.
When either one of Chelsea's full-backs did move to cover the wide areas, a centre back drifted to cover the void left by the full back, inadvertently making more space in defence by leaving gaps in the center of defence.
Chelsea playing defensive, hoping to counter attack
Di Matteo knowing that Juventus needed the win more, set out his team to play a defensive strategy, choosing to stay back and hoping to catch the Italians on the counter. There were occasions where the entire Chelsea squad was back defending barring either one of Hazard/Oscar.
Unfortunately for Chelsea, the more possession Juventus were given, the more chances they created and comfortable they got on the ball. They enjoyed the possession Chelsea allowed them.
That counter attack though never worked out, Chelsea didn't have enough players going forward, with most of the squad back defending. Two defenders (usually Bonucci and Barzagli) were constantly back in defence for Juventus. The Chelsea player running on the ball, on the counter, had no support and eventually lost the ball early in the attack.
No centre forward to play the counter
Something that allowed Chelsea to play the counter so well last season, which won them the Champions League (and knocked out Barca along the way) was the ability of a world-class centre forward, Didier Drogba, who helped implementation of the counter attack effectively.
However Chelsea were without Drogba, or a recognised striker for that matter which prevented any sort of penetration. The players at Chelsea's disposal in attack were those from the midfield.
The man in possession usually had a marker on him, and no options. The players making their way forward were also closely tracked and as the picture above shows Juventus still had 'spare men' in defence and won the numbers game. The Juve players seen above are also those getting back from an attacking phase.
Juventus midfielders finding space in midfield
One crucial feature of Juventus' play is the solid efficiency of its midfield. Winning the midfield battle can go a long way in determining which way the result goes.
Juventus had an interchangeable midfield trio of Marchisio, Vidal and Pirlo. They controlled the midfield and were able to find tons of space. Chelsea had mainly a 2 man midfield, with Mikel and Ramires both sitting very deep. With the Italians outnumbering the English side, they were always going to dominate possession.
Yellow line refers to forward run || Blue line refers to through ball
The space came to the Juventus midfielders naturally with Chelsea choosing to defend deep. Only Ramires would make a rare forward run. While the Juventus midfielders were constantly threatening, constantly moving forward, playing through balls and Chelsea found it difficult to deal with. Chelsea invited them forward, and Juve duly obliged.
The first Juve goal had a bit of luck attached to it with Quagliarella deflecting Pirlo's shot. The below screen grab shows the moment just befor Pirlo took possession and got the shot off. There was tons of space for him to run into, and he was basically allowed to take the shot. A bit of luck yes, but Chelsea can blame themselves there.
Chelsea similarly inflicted another goal on themselves in the second half. Defence was at fault but the midfield was all over the place as well. Mikel in particular could be at fault. 5 Chelsea players were back defending, desperately, failing to check the late runs of Vidal and Lichtsteiner. The duo were given acres of space at the edge of the box and plenty of time to get a short off. Vidal made no mistake.
The illustration above includes Oscar but the Brazilian had very little impact. He didn't get into the game enough and caused no real trouble to the Juventus midfield. The Juve defenders were able to keep him quiet throughout the game.
Vucinic-Quagliarella 'drop and run'
The Juventus attack was threatening throughout and gave no respite to the Chelsea defenders. David Luiz was criticised for his performance and has often been accused of lacking general game intelligence (despite making it up with his skill).
A 'bit' of a trick used by the Juve forwards was the drop and run. Vucinic would just drop a little bit deep and Luiz would leave his defensive position and follow the player like a magnet. The midfielder in possession would then take advantage of the gap left in the defence and play a through ball to allow Quagliarella to run onto.
Poor Defensive play from Chelsea
There were a couple of occasions where Chelsea's defensive play went from timid, to just awful. Poor marking, poor movement, out of position, it all just went wrong for the defence.
The first example shows the movement of Vucinic, a better finish could have killed the game off. Like the 2nd goal, the Chelsea defence moved into a completely defensive position, parking the bus right in front of Chelsea's goal. Once again, the Chelsea defence, criminally allowed Juventus players time and space.
Luiz could be at fault here as well, allowing Vucinic to take a shot from just a few yards out, while he should have been covering the space.
The 3rd goal was blamed as a mistake by Cech, coming out too early. However it was surprising how disorganised the defence was in allowing Giovinco run onto the through ball played by Vidal.
Luiz was once again out of position, Cahill had drifted forward in attack, but didn't track back. Ashley Cole made a last ditch attempt to stop the run of the Giovinco, but lack of communication with his keeper allowed Juventus to score a third.
It was a poor performance from Di Matteo, too many changes for an important game, especially the lack of a proper striker was not a good move. The defence for Chelsea was unfortunately, horrible, to say the least.
Juventus showed their superiority, and dominated the game, deserving their victory. The midfield controlled the game and proved to be the difference between the two sides.
Chelsea are on the brink of elimination, if Juventus do progress, the experience and class present in the side would be one to reckon with. The Champions League is there for the winning.
Juve push Chelsea towards exit (skysports.com)
Juventus vs. Chelsea: Score, Analysis and Grades (bleacherreport.com)
UEFA Champions League: Chelsea vs. Juventus tactical preview (soccerwithoutlimits.com)
Related Topics:5. AnalysisChelseaDidier DrogbaJuventusRoberto Di MatteoTactical Analysistacticsuefa champions league
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The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) is over one million acres of crystal clear lakes, sparkling streams and boreal forest located in the Superior National Forest in northern Minnesota. It extends nearly 150 miles along the Canadian border adjacent to Quetico Provincial Park, and contains several thousand portage-linked lakes and streams, interspersed with islands, woods and crags. These unique natural features were carved by glaciers scraping and gouging the rocks, and allow today's visitors to canoe, portage and camp in the spirit of the French Voyageurs of 200 years ago.
Over 445,000 acres or 695 square miles of the forest is surface water. In addition, more than 1,300 miles of cold water streams and 950 miles of warm water streams flow within the forest boundaries. Fish species such as walleye, northern pike, smallmouth bass, lake trout, brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout can be found in abundance in these waters. The northern forest community thrives with its pine, fir and spruce trees and is home to numerous wildlife species including deer, moose, the gray wolf, and black bear. Northern Minnesota is the last original stronghold of the gray wolf in the lower 48 states. It is estimated that approximately 100 wolves continue to roam within the boundaries of the Superior National Forest today.
Our service project is limited to five participants and two leaders. This second of our two Boundary Waters projects is located on the Kiwishiwi Ranger District, which manages the more eastern portion of the wilderness. We'll paddle and portage our four canoes to a remote area of the BWCAW, final destination to be determined based on where winter damage is most pressing. Our task will be to improve the condition of the portage trails so people can enjoy the unique natural beauty of the area. We'll maintain backcountry trails/portages, making improvements on existing features, designing/installing new trail features, and the preservation of historic structures. The work will include small tree cutting with hand saws and loppers. Each work day, we'll canoe and hike from our wilderness base camp to our work site. Some canoeing experience is required for acceptance for this project. The Forest Service will provide canoes, paddles and life jackets as well as the tools. If you prefer to bring your own canoe, you must obtain approval from the Wilderness Volunteers office in advance.


Saudi Arabia announced donating a $50 million to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), despite Washington's decision to halt all aid to the agency.
In a Riyadh press conference, which was also attended by UNRWA Commissioner-General Pierre Krähenbühl, the advisor at the Royal Court and General Supervisor of King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre, Dr. Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al-Rabiah stated that Saudi Arabia is providing the amount to the agency in order to help it overcome its funding crisis.
The agency is suffering from a severe financial crisis due to United States suspending its funding, after a US decision by President Trump to reduce contribution to about $65 million, compared with $365 million in 2017, following a Palestinian refusal to meet US Vice President, Mike Pence, during his visit to the region back then, in an indication of rejecting any American meditation in the Peace Process due to Trump's decision to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.


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{{Infobox person
| name                      = Mike Trim
| birth_name                = Michael J. Trim
| birth_date                =
| birth_place               = London, U.K.
| nationality               = British
| occupation                = Designer, model-maker, and storyboard artist
| years_active              = 1964-present
| employer                  = AP Films (1964–1970)
| notable_works             = Thunderbirds Are Go, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, Joe 90| television                = Thunderbirds}}
Mike Trim (born 26 August 1945) is an artist famous for illustrating the cover of Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, which depicts a Martian tripod striking down the heroic Thunder Child. A book of his illustrations entitled The Future was FAB: The Art of Mike Trim was released in 2006.

Trim grew up in Fulham, and from an early age started to show artistic talent. He studied at London's Sir Christopher Wren School. At the London School of Printing, he did a two-year course in graphic design.

In 1964, his father saw a newspaper advertisement seeking modelmakers for a film company. Upon hearing this, Trim began an odyssey that would last for more than 40 years. Beginning in the final days of Stingray, he would work as a modelmaker and designer for Gerry and Sylvia Anderson's television series Thunderbirds, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, Joe 90, The Secret Service, and UFO, as well as their feature films Thunderbirds Are GO, Thunderbird 6, and Journey to the Far Side of the Sun (a.k.a. Doppelgänger).

Starting out in the model shop, Mike eventually became Special Effects director Derek Meddings' assistant in designing the fabulous futuristic vehicles, buildings, and look of the Andersons' imaginative series. Eventually, he would take on the bulk of design work for the series as Meddings became more involved in feature films. Contributing a single (unused) vehicle design and model to Space: 1999, Trim then moved into freelance illustration, creating an iconic cover painting for one of the best selling albums of all time; Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds'', in 1978.

References

External links

British film designers
British illustrators
Living people
Special effects people
1945 births

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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North Korea Starts Acting Like Dying Vermin
World » Asia
North Korea threatened to choose a different way if the United States does not take a decision to start bilateral talks behind the backs of all other members of negotiations, an unidentified official representing North Korea's Foreign Ministry said.
The bilateral talks, the NKorean official believes, will ease tension in the relations between Washington and Pyongyang and create the basis to discuss the nuclear disarmament of the Korean Peninsula.
The talks were scrapped in December 2008 when North Korea refused to shut down its nuclear program. In May of this year, the country conducted two nuclear tests and several missile launches, which sparked outrage in the world. Many analysts said that Pyongyang was simply trying to intimidate the international community and receive food, financial support and fuel from the West again.
However, the UN Security Council passed a resolution on June 12 to introduce new tougher sanctions against North Korea.
Pyongyang now concentrates all of its efforts on Washington. The isolated nation intends to establish a dialogue with the United States alone, to leave all other members of the six-sided talks (China, Russia, South Korea and Japan) aside.
North Korea believes that it must first end hostility between Washington and Pyongyang because the six-way talks would not bring any results otherwise.
A North Korean official visited New York on October 24 to discuss the nuclear issue. American experts noted that the permission for a high-ranking NKorean official to enter the US territory was a sign of Washington's willingness to resume the disrupted talks.
Hillary Clinton stated that Washington did not exclude an opportunity to resume the talks, albeit the six-sided talks only.
Pyongyang responded that it would have to choose a different way to proceed with the problem unless the United States was not prepared to make a decision.
Observers said that the rogue state would continue increasing and modernizing its nuclear potential. Japanese PM Yukio Hatoyama believes that there is nothing to discuss with Pyongyang until it starts taking real, not verbal actions in the elimination of its missile and nuclear program.
It is worthy of note that the United States and South Korea developed a special plan – OPLAN 5029 – in case an emergency appears in North Korea.
The plan stipulates the neutralization of NKorea's nuclear arms with the help of the action taken by special military units that will land in the nation.
Viktor Kremenyuk, a senior expert with the Institute for the USA and Canada of the Russian Academy of Sciences, told Pravda.Ru that Washington needed to have the NKorean nuclear systems defunct.
"If it becomes clear that the North Korean regime does not intend to destroy its nuclear arsenal, the USA may take military measures against the nation. US officials believe that Pyongyang's recent loud statements reflect a serious crisis inside the North Korean regime. Some experts even say that the regime in Pyongyang may collapse. It is clear that Kim John-il's days are numbered. What's going to happen next?
"It is not ruled out that North Korean military men will not wish to see one of Kim's sons at power in the nation, which may trigger a conflict in the country. This is the reason why the USA does not want to hurry with making concessions, like it was before," the expert said.
Sergey Balmasov
Read the original in Russian
Russia Today: Talking nukes with North Korea