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The ageing, crisis-prone welfare state is bad news for welfare migration
Assaf Razin 06 November 2010
The growing voice of skilled workers and the retired in industrialised countries is calling out for politicians to further restrict immigration in order to allay fears of stealing jobs and scrounging off benefits. This column explores the political process behind constraints to migration and describes the importance of cross-country coordination in a post-crisis world of ageing generous welfare states.
"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The Wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
Emma Lazarus, 1883
In the 19th century, these words were so emblematic of the spirit of the free-immigration era in the US that they were engraved in bronze at the base of the Statue of Liberty. These words might not be so popular if they were written today.
Back in 1883, the idea of the welfare state and the threat it would bring to free immigration was still in its embryonic state in Europe and had yet to be brought to the US shores. From one hundred years before to one hundred years after, economists have argued in favour of the free movement of peoples. In 1776, Adam Smith labelled the restriction on immigration as being just as debilitating as a restriction of capital movements. Towards the end of the 20th century, Milton Friedman remarked that free immigration and a welfare state are mutually exclusive. A welfare state with open borders, he argued, might turn into a haven for the poor and needy from all over the world, draining its finances and bringing the welfare system to its knees.
Yet whereas free capital mobility is now widespread, free migration is rare indeed.
The state of Europe
Given the demographic pressures facing Europe today, the ongoing restriction on migration might seem surprising. In 10 of the European Union's 27 member states, the number of deaths is expected to outnumber births in 2010. By 2015, the EU as a whole is expected to experience negative natural population growth.
Yet Europe's generous social benefits have encouraged a massive surge of "welfare migration" over the past two decades. Twenty-six million migrants now call Europe their home. This migration has been concentrated in the unskilled sectors. Eighty-five percent of all unskilled migrants to developed countries go to Europe, but only 5% of highly skilled migrants do so.
Public opinion in the developed economies, with their generous welfare systems, now favours, in some way or other, putting restrictions on migration. In Europe, public support for Turkey's efforts to join the EU has drained away largely out of fear that millions of unskilled Turks might seek homes, jobs, and welfare benefits in Western Europe's cities.
As a guard against this, developed economies attempt to sort out immigrants by skills (see, for instance, Bhagwati and Gordon 2009). Australia and Canada employ a points system based on selected immigrants' characteristics. The US, meanwhile, employs explicit preference for professional, technical, and kindred immigrants under the so-called third-preference quota. Jasso and Rosenzweig (2009) find that both the Australian and American selection mechanisms are effective in sorting out the skilled migrants and produce essentially similar outcomes despite of their different legal characteristics. While Europe has been attracting unskilled migrants over the last 20 years, the US has retained its innovative edge by attracting 55% of the world's educated migrants to developed countries.
Immigration at what cost?
The net fiscal burden of immigration has been the subject of numerous studies. While immigrants can bring economic growth, they can also be a cost to the government through dependence on welfare. Meyer (2000) uses a conditional logit model, as well as a comparison-group method, to analyse the 1980 and 1990 US Census data and finds significant welfare-induced migration, particularly for high-school dropouts (see also Walker 1994, Edmonston and Smith 1997, Borjas 1999, Gelbach 2000, and McKinnish 2005, 2007) .
Moreover, Southwick (1981) uses US data to show that the higher the welfare-state benefit gap between the origin and destination regions in the US, the higher the share of the welfare-state benefit recipients among the migrants (see also Gramlich and Laren 1984, Blank 1988, and Enchautegui 1997, see also Cohen and Razin 2008 and Barbone et al. 2009 with a focus on Europe).
As well as attracting migrants, the size of the welfare state can determine the likelihood of those to leave. Khoudouz-Castezas (2004) studies emigration from 19th-century Europe and finds that social insurance adopted by Bismarck in the 1880s reduced the incentives of risk-averse Germans to emigrate. He estimates that in the absence of social insurance, the German emigration rate from 1886 to 1913 would have more than doubled.
The root of restrictions
In recent research, Razin et al (forthcoming), we explore the root causes of restrictions on migration, particularly how age- and skill-dependent restrictions on migration are shaped by the political process. A welfare state, with a heterogeneous (by age, skill, etc.) population, typically does not have a commonly accepted attitude towards migration.
For instance, a skilled (rich) and young native-born who expects to bear more than an average share of the cost of providing the benefits of the welfare state is likely to oppose admitting unskilled migrants on such grounds. On the other hand, the same native-born may favour unskilled migrants to the extent that a larger supply of unskilled workers boosts skilled workers' wages. The native-born older voters may favour migration, even low-skilled, on the ground that it could help finance their old-age benefits.
Indeed, Canada decided to keep its borders open and even to speed up acceptance procedures for some highly skilled arrivals. While migrants have lost some ground recently, they're still twice as likely as native Canadians to hold doctorates or master's degrees. Another example is Sweden, where policymakers weren't satisfied with merely implementing a new, skills-based immigration policy. Sweden actually upgraded its integration efforts, including language and vocational training for existing immigrants – right in the middle of the financial crisis (see also Chiswick and Hatton 2003 for data on the US).
Hanmeueller and Hiscox (2010), using survey data in the US, find two critical economic concerns that appear to generate anti-immigrant sentiments among voters:
concerns about labour-market competition, and
concerns about the fiscal burden on public services.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, Hanson et al. (2007) show using opinion surveys that US native residents of states that provide generous benefits to migrants also prefer to reduce the number of migrants.
Furthermore, the opposition is stronger among higher income groups. Similarly, Hanson et al. (2009), again employing opinion surveys, find for the US that native-born residents of states with a high share of unskilled among the migrant population prefer to restrict in migration. Native-born residents of states with a high share of skilled migrants among the migrant population, meanwhile, are less likely to favour restricting migration
Price wedges in international markets for commodities and financial assets rarely exceed the ratio 2:1. Wages on labour services of similarly qualified individuals in advanced and low-income countries differ by a factor of 10. Clearly, the greatest impediments to international economic exchange are those associated with labour mobility. To move forward from this, we need to embed existing unilateral schemes of regulating labour mobility within multilateral schemes. Without multi-lateralising the labour mobility schemes, there is a severe coordination failure: host countries' competition for source countries' skilled and unskilled labour could erode their welfare system, in the presence of welfare migration.
In the post-crisis environment, host countries and countries of origin have an opportunity to consider how best to provide safety nets for their overseas workers. As the global economy recovers, unemployed migrant workers will likely find new jobs and those who returned to their home countries will likely be redeployed. How should a portable unemployment insurance system be established? Are there political economy constraints that need to be addressed? Should such a system be negotiated bilaterally or in a multilateral setting? Should it be managed by the private sector or the public sector?
But, we should not forget, macro-systemic risk is not insurable.
What are the design features of such a system? An appropriate unemployment insurance system would be an important step toward offsetting the devastating impact of the next economic downturn – whether local or global in scope – among overseas workers and their families.
Barbone, Luca, Bontch-Osmolovsky, Misha and Salman Zaidi (2009), "The Foreign-Born Population in the European Union and its Contribution to National Tax and Benefit Systems", Policy Research Working Paper, the World Bank (April).
Bhagwati, Jagdish and Gordon Hanson (2009) (eds.), Skilled Immigration Today: Prospects, Problems and Policies, Oxford University Press.
Borjas, George J (1999), Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy, Princeton University Press.
Chiswick, Barry R and Timothy J Hatton (2003), "International Migration and the Integration of Labour Markets", in Michael D Bordo, Alan M Taylor and Jeffrey G Williamson, Globalisation in Historical Perspective, The University of Chicago Press: 65-120.
Cohen, Alon, and Assaf Razin (2008), "The Skill Composition of Immigrants and the Generosity of the Welfare State: Free versus Policy-controlled Migration", NBER Working Paper No.144459, October.
Dustmann, C, T Frattini, and C Halls (2009), "Assessing the Fiscal Costs and Benefits of A8 Migration to the UK", CReAM Discussion Paper No. 18/09
Enchautegui, Maria E (1997), "Welfare Payments and Other Determinants of Female Migration," Journal of Labour Economics, 15:529.
Gelbach, Jonah B (2000), "The Life-cycle Welfare Migration Hypothesis: Evidence from the 1980 and 1990 Censuses", working paper.
Gramlich, Edward M and Deborah S Laren (1984), "Migration and Income Redistribution", The Journal of Human Resources.
Hainmueller, Jens, and Michael J Hiscox (2010), "Attitudes toward Highly Skilled and Low-skilled Immigration: Evidence from a Survey Experiment", American Political Science Review, 104(1):61-84.
Jasso, Guillermina and Mark R Rosenzweig (2009), "Selection Criteria and the Skill Composition of Immigrants: A Comparative Analysis of Australian and US Employment Immigration", in Jagdish Bhagwati and Gordon Hanson (eds.), Skilled Immigration Today: Prospects, Problems and Policies, Oxford University Press.
Khoudour-Castéras, David (2008), "Welfare State and Labour Mobility: the Impact of Bismarck's Social Legislation on German Emigration before World War I", Journal of Economic History, 68(1):211-243.
Levine, Phillip B and David J Zimmerman (1999), "An Empirical Analysis of the Welfare Magnet Debate Using the NLSY", Journal of Population Economics, 12(3), 391.
Meyer, Bruce D (2000), "Do the Poor Move to Receive Higher Welfare Benefits?", unpublished paper.
Razin, Assaf, Efraim Sadka, and Benjarung Suwankiri (2011), Migration and the Welfare State: Political-Economy Policy Formation, MIT Press, forthcoming.
Smith, James P and Barry Edmonston (eds.), (1997), The New Americans: Economic, Demographic and Fiscal Effects of Immigration, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C
Topics: Migration Welfare state and social Europe
Tags: immigration, migration, welfare migration
Assaf Razin
Bernard Schwartz Professor (Emeritus), Tel Aviv University; former Barbara and Steven Friedman Professor of International Economics, Cornell University.


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When was the first Destin bridge built?
Dusty Ricketts @DustyRnwfdn
Prior to the first bridge being built across East Pass to connect Destin to Santa Rosa Island, Destin could only be reached by boat. In this month's History Mystery we will explore when the first bridge was approved by the Florida State Road Department, when construction began, exactly when it was completed and how it changed Destin to be the tourist mecca we know today.
When the East Pass was discovered by New Londoner Leonard Destin in 1851, it was the perfect location for a village dedicated to fishing. The East Pass allowed a fisherman living there to easily fish in nearby Choctawhatchee Bay or use East Pass to sail into the Gulf of Mexico, which was teaming with fish. Santa Rosa Sound was a perfect sheltered water highway for the fishermen to take those fish to market in nearby Pensacola, using their fishing sloops.
In the 1900s, times changed and the favored mode of transportation became the automobile. Destin was out of reach to everybody, except those with a water vessel. Times were changing and in the early 1930s change was also about to come to sleepy Destin, Florida, too.
State Road 115, which later became U.S. Highway 98, was being expanded from Apalachicola to Pensacola. An important area where a road and two bridges needed to be built was from Panama City to Gulf Breeze, which included a bridge over East Pass and a bridge over Santa Rosa Sound at Camp Walton (today Fort Walton Beach).
On Oct. 19, 1932, the Florida State Road Department minutes contain a motion that, "The Chairman is hereby authorized to make application to the War Department for their approval of the construction of a bridge over Choctawhatchee Bay between Santa Rosa Island and Moreno Point, Road 115, approximately 6 miles east of Camp Walton, Okaloosa County, Florida." The Florida State Road Department thought that they should seek approval from the War Department because at that point the land was still owned by the War Department, as Moreno Point Military Reservation.
Construction on the East Pass Bridge was begun in April 1933. The Vincennes Bridge Company, based in Vincennes, Indiana, was in charge of the bridge construction. Vincennes Bridge was the premier bridge builder at that time. It was founded in 1898 and by the 1920s Vincennes was building 1,200 bridges a year. The company ceased to exist in 2006 when it was folded into the Wabash Steel Company.
Many of the Destin fishermen worked on both State Road 115 and the East Pass Bridge to supplement their fishing income. Two of those fishermen/bridge workers were the author's father-in-law, Clarence Lee Marler and mother-in-law's (Gladys Shirah Marler) brother, Roy D. "Monk" Shirah. Monk Shirah quit working on the bridge and went back to fishing when he saw a fellow workman crushed to death while working on the bridge. He realized that bridge-building was dangerous work.
The East Pass Bridge was 3,210 feet long and was completed in April 1935 at a cost of $324,656.30 according to the records of the State Road Department of Florida. The federal government paid $208,415.03 of the cost, while the state of Florida paid $116,241.27.
Once the first East Pass Bridge and State Road 115 were completed through Destin, the small village that could only be reached by boat was now accessible by automobile. So "outsiders" for the first time could drive their automobiles and visit the small fishing village. At this same time, the War Department was trying to sell all of what is Destin today, as it had been deemed surplus by the War Department in 1926.
It took over 10 years for the War Department to interest locals and outsiders to buy the land that had been Moreno Point Military Reservation. One of the major improvements that made those land sales feasible was the building of State Road 115 and the East Pass Bridge which, for the first time allowed automobiles to drive to Destin.
H. C. "Hank" Klein is a Destin historian, author, and speaker. He visits often and lives in North Little Rock, Arkansas with his wife (the former Muriel Marler of Destin). Klein recently published two Destin history books - DESTIN Pioneer Settlers...A Land History of Destin, Florida from 1819-1940 and DESTIN'S Founding Father…The Untold Story of Leonard Destin. Both can be obtained from Amazon.com, The Destin History & Fishing Museum, in Destin, The Indian Temple Mound in Fort Walton Beach, Magnolia House Gifts at Grand Boulevard, and Sundog Books in Seaside. Klein can be contacted directly at klein@aristotle.net.
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We pour billions and billions of dollars into home improvements each year, but will we ever see a return on our costly investments? According to the Remodeling magazine's annual Cost vs. Value Report, we find that the majority of these expensive projects yield very few returns.
Most people remodel their homes for two reasons—a) to either increase the value of their home and/or b) to enhance their quality of living. Therefore, before tackling your next project, ask yourself, what are my reasons for doing this? Although a fireplace in the master suite sounds divine, will it produce a profit down the road? If your reasoning for the project is to solely enhance your quality of life, then by all means, do what your heart desires. However, if receiving a return on your investment is top priority, then you might want to give your future endeavor a bit more thought and rationalization.
Our team of Houston mortgage experts knows that several factors dictate the amount of profits made on home renovations. Below you will find a list of guidelines that will help you determine what home improvements will generate the most profit.
Keep up with your neighbors, but don't out do them.
Although it sounds tempting, upping your neighbors can be an expensive mistake. Your best bet is to choose projects that make the value of your home comparable to others in the neighborhood. Take some time to think about what the other houses are like in your area. If the majority of the houses in your neighborhood have three bedrooms and two bathrooms, but your house only has two bedrooms with one bathroom, then adding an extra bedroom and bath will make a huge difference in the value of your home.
It is important to know that the opposite effect could happen as well. Let's say the majority of houses in your area have two bedrooms and one-and-a-half bathrooms. If you choose to add on a master suite to your existing home, you may find yourself unable to recoup the total cost of the project.
If profit is the main objective for renovating your home, less is more. Kitchen and bathroom upgrades will typically offer nice returns. However, redesigning the entire footprint of the first floor of your home may not generate the significant return you had hoped for. Again, if receiving a high return on your investment is top priority, renovations that keep you in the neighborhood averages are far better than monster makeovers.
Before beginning any renovation projects, think about where you will be in the next five years. If you see yourself in the same home, more "personalized projects" are okay. After all, you will be the one living in the home long-term. Now if you suspect that you will move to another city, or into a larger house in less than five years, investing in projects to compete with neighborhood values is extremely important. Lastly, remember not to overextend yourself financially. Think about your financial situation now and in the future. Your goal for home renovations should be to improve your home, not lose it.
Kitchens and bathrooms – These two areas remain at the top of the home improvement list. They are usually the most expensive rooms to remodel; therefore, they are the most preferred by homebuyers.
Don't neglect the rest of the house – A modern kitchen with stainless steel, energy efficient appli ances is a nice to have, but not a need to have. If the rest of your house if filled with shag carpet, popcorn ceilings and cracked foundation, the money spent on the kitchen is essentially wasted.
Paint can change everything – Perhaps the most inexpensive and easiest way to renovate your home is with a fresh coat of paint. For just a small amount of money, paint will breathe new life into a room and give it that cleaner, newer feel.
Avoid too much customization – You want buyers to envision themselves in your home. Having too much customization could leave them feeling as though they are trying to fit a square peg into a round hole.
First impressions are key – Curb appeal is huge. Make sure that the house's siding, paint and land scaping look acceptable. After all, homebuyers generally make up their mind about a home within the first 30 seconds of seeing it.


The vessel Just In Time started taking on water Sunday morning about a mile offshore from Jonesport.
JONESPORT — The U.S. Coast Guard has rescued a lobster boat captain after his boat became disabled and started taking on water east of Jonesport.
WMTW-TV reports that the 33-foot vessel Just In Time got into trouble Sunday morning about a mile off the coast.
The captain was the only person on board and told the Coast Guard he thought he hit a mooring ball. He put on a survival suit before rescuers arrived, and he was taken off the boat without any injuries.
The vessel was still afloat and was left there, while the captain planned to get it Monday.


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How citizens can help clean the air of Gurugram
"While government action is necessary, citizens cannot shy away from their role as equal stakeholders in this crisis," said Manas Fuloria, a city-based environment activist.
gurgaon Updated: Jun 05, 2019 07:57 IST
HT Correspondent
Hindustan Times, Gurugram
The first step to reducing air pollution, he said, would be to start cycling to work, and to reduce dependance on private vehicles.(HT Photo)
Though they show concern for the rising air pollution, many city residents continue to adopt lifestyles and perpetuate practices that make things worse. Experts and activists said this was evident from the number of private cars on city streets, and from city's mounting waste management problem that leads to the unhealthy practice of garbage and biomass burning.
The first step to reducing air pollution, he said, would be to start cycling to work, and to reduce dependance on private vehicles. "One cannot say, it is too hot to cycle, or too inconvenient. It simply must be done. If we want to see the change, we need to stimulate it. By using public transport in its developmental stages, such as Gurugram's bus service, we are setting a favourable precedent for its growth and ability to impact pollution levels," he said.
Other actions, which citizens can easily implement, include better waste management practices that can, in turn, help prevent illegal burning of waste, reduce dependence on products containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as deodorants and other personal care products.
Fuloria also said that citizens tend to ignore polluting activities, which are prevalent all around them.
"Waste burning, unauthorised construction during winters generate dust ... we tend to ignore these instead of doing our bit and alerting the authorities," he said, pointing out that individual actions can influence government responsiveness and policy to a greater degree than ordinary citizens might think.
Myths about air pollution
Guneet Singh, founder of a city-based non-profit working in the field of air quality, pointed out that there are several myths associated with air quality, which must be dismantled in order to prod citizens in the right direction.
A common one is that China's air quality is worse than India's.
"This isn't true. Chinese cities like Beijing, have shown remarkable improvements in air quality through industrial restructuring, revamping transport policies and strict vigilance on emission norms. It proves that the same can be done here as well," he said.
Various other myths abound as well. "It is commonly believed that air pollution is only as bad as one can see. But dust pollution is not just visible particles. In fact, the more harmful particles and gases are completely invisible, such as PM2.5 and now even PM1 particles," said D Saha, former head of the CPCB's air quality lab in Delhi.
Saha said that people should be made aware of the relationship between power consumption and air pollution. "One uses air conditioners and air purifiers to deal with increasing temperatures and pollution levels, without realising that the electricity used to run these appliances is generated primarily through the burning of coal, which is in itself a major source of pollution," Saha said.
While one cannot physically 'clean' the air in the same way as one can clean up a park, beach or any other public space, an individual's capacity to reduce air pollution can be maximised by adopting more energy and transport conscious lifestyles. "This is equally important as the government trying to find more macro solutions," Saha explained
First Published: Jun 05, 2019 04:49 IST
air of Gurugram
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What to do in an unstable economic climate? Shop!
Nadezhda Petrova
Kommersant-Déngi
Despite the current economic crisis Russians spend more. Source: Kommersant
Russian consumers apparently feel no need to save for a rainy day, opting instead to spend their way to happiness.
According to a review published in late June by Boston Consulting Group (BCG), 60 percent of Russians (more than in any other BRIC country) assert that the global financial crisis has had an immediate negative impact on them, and only 29 percent expect the economic situation to improve within a year. According to Nielsen, 69 percent of Russians believe that this is not exactly a good time for shopping. Yet, they shop. The mentality seems to say seems to be that there is no point in saving for the future and it's better enjoy what you have now.
According to Nielsen, only a third of the Russian population actively saves, compared to the global average of 50 percent. BCG puts the figure of savers at only a quarter of the population, which is less than any of the other 16 countries it has reviewed. The Russian Economic Ministry recently announced that in the first quarter of 2012, the propensity to save hit a three-year low.
View the infographic: Habits and attitudes of Russian consumers
The news cheered analysts tracking consumer behavior. According to Renaissance Capital, in January-March 2012, personal consumption accounted for almost 4 percent of the year-on-year 4.9 percent GDP growth announced by the Federal State Statistics Service for the end of the first quarter. Of course, this is only true provided that household consumption expenditure makes up roughly 53 percent of Russia's GDP and real consumer spending actually surged 7 percent year-on-year.
In a statement made after the announcement, Renaissance Capital said: "Russian consumers have consistently ignored pessimistic expectations. This kind of behavior encourages economic growth in the future."
It is, however, fairly irresponsible on the part of consumers.
Happiness lies in retail
"The main idea of saving is to create a cushion against the possibility of a collapse," said Alexei Belyanin, the head of the Laboratory for Experimental and Behavioral Economics at the Higher School of Economics. "With nothing put aside for a rainy day, the standard of living will take a dramatic fall in the event of a negative economic shock and it is hard to predict what it would lead to in country-wide terms. The government will have to step in to deal with it. Meanwhile, in a market economy, people have to be responsible for their own actions."
Yet many Russian consumers do not want the responsibility; they just want to be happy.
According to studies, happiness is hard to come by in Russia. BCG maintains that Russians are "the least satisfied with their lives other than the Greeks, who are going through a deep financial crisis, and the Japanese, dealing with the tsunami aftermath." A BCG survey found that only 47 percent of Russian respondents admitted to being happy and satisfied with their lives. In comparison, the figures are far more upbeat in other BRIC countries: 78 percent in India, 67 percent in Brazil, and 62 percent in China. The New Economic Foundation in the UK found showed similar results in its Happy Planet Index, ranking Russia 122 out of 151 countries surveyed.
Where are Russians happiest? Apparently at the entrance to the nearest mall. A recent survey showed that 42 percent of Russians agreed with the statement "The more I buy, the happier I feel." Russians are almost unique in this respect; only Brazilians sho a similar level of shopaholism – 40 percent of them agreed with the statement.
Tatiana Klimenko, a professor at the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry explained it this way: "The truth is, every person seeks happiness. If someone felt happy in a certain situation, he or she will try to repeat it, and the urge will be even more pronounced if there is no other way for the person to enjoy life. So the fewer the sources of satisfaction, the higher are the chances that the method that once brought satisfaction will be reproduced repeatedly."
Alexei Belyanin said that Russians do not feel a similar thrill going to sporting events, the movies or the theater because they did not have these experiences as children and therefore do not have a primal response to them. "A shop, conversely, is a primitive treat well known since childhood. And it is reproduced all the time, because buying another pair of shoes is really pleasant," Belyanin said.
Although some people are known to have a penchant for shoes, Russians mostly buy clothes (46 percent, according to Nielsen) and personal technological devices or household appliances (34 percent).
Meanwhile, according to a source within the electronics retail chain M.Video, over the past two years, there has been increased demand towards the medium and medium-plus price segments, a change from before the financial crisis, when demand was high for luxury items. "The trend is particularly obvious in digital products like TV sets, mobile phones, computers and cameras," the source said. "Customers opt for more cutting-edge technology and more expensive products, but not the luxury segment."
It is slightly different with groceries: According to food giant X5 Retail Group, the medium- price segment is gradually shrinking and the demand is gravitating towards economy class products. The demand for luxury goods is, in turn, slightly expanding, owing to a decrease in the premium segment, although this might also be a signal that the consumer is maturing.
"The fact that people have started saving on groceries and buying more non-food items (clothing, household appliances) indicates that they tend to live less in the present and are more forward-looking," said Ilya Belonovsky, CEO of the Association of Retail Trade Companies.
BCG data shows that the share of consumers intent on buying more expensive goods and services has shrunk to 18 percent (down 4 percent from 2011). Furthermore, 43 percent of respondents confirmed that the crisis had caused them to change their habits: they put off considerable purchases, look for the best prices and never miss a chance to buy cheaper items during promotional events. However, this pattern is common for 55 percent of the population in France, and for 62 percet in Italy. In terms of luxury consumers, Russia is far ahead of other countries, again with the exception of Brazil (23 percent). India, which, incidentally, ranks third, has 14 percent, and Japan – a meager 5 percent.
{***}
Fear of the future
There are several factors driving the love of shopping. Retail lending is now going through the roof: According to the Central Bank of Russia, year-on-year growth in the segment exceeded 40 percent in April (while deposits, for instance, increased 20 percent in the same period). "The retail lending rate, which outstrips the dynamics of deposits, can be largely traced to the fact that the deferred demand from the crisis years has not yet been fully met," said Maria Pomelnikova, a macro analyst with Raiffeisenbank. "Higher confidence in future incomes in the wake of a strong trend in real salaries is another important factor in play."
In May, real salaries were 11.1 percent higher than in May 2011, the Federal State Statistics Service reported. In general, salaries have been growing by just over 1 percent (after the necessary seasonal adjustments), but the upcoming rise in utility rates scheduled for July will change the picture, according to Dmitry Belousov, a leading expert at the Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting. Even so, Belousov still forecasts a 5-5.5 percent rise in real earnings by year-end. According to the Center's experts, retail turnover will also expand by a little more than 5 percent.
Whether or not these forecasts will actually be met depends on a range of hard-to-predict external circumstances: oil prices, further economic developments in Europe and China's real economic growth rate, among others. "If it's the rise in utility bills alone, we will survive it, given the traditionally faster salary dynamics in the second half-year. But if the rise in utility rates is combined with devaluation, it might put a real drag on the economy," Belousov said.
This is precisely the scenario that reasonable consumers fear. "Amid fears of new signs of crisis, increased expectations of currency depreciation and inflation, people tend to spend their money on durable goods rather than deposit it in banks," said Maria Pomelnikova, adding that this was a typical pattern for Russia in a crisis situation. Eighteen percent of Russians polled by BCG stated they intended to spend their money because savings were not safe.
Hopeless case
According to Tatiana Klimenko, to begin spending money freely, a person must "psychologically attain not just a certain level of welfare, but a sense of this welfare being stable. With money, it is very uncertain what to choose: rubles, or dollars, or euros. All of them are equally likely to take a nosedive. In this context, goods are regarded as more reliable."
Alexei Belyanin agrees that people consider consumer goods as the only suitable investment option, especially as customer confidence in the banking sector in Russia is very low. Additionally, there is no tradition of individuals investing in the stock market, and the uneven track record of the "People's IPO's" of recent years has not encouraged Russians in that direction. In the United States, real estate is often considered an investment, but real estate in Russia, particularly in Moscow is expensive and the system of mortgage lending still fairly new. "It is difficult to say what is a reliable savings option in Russia – the dollar, the euro, Gazprom stocks or diamonds… everything has its drawbacks," Belyanin said.
Belyanin added that the situation in Russia was not quite normal: "With no reliable savings options available, the public is not ready to assume the responsibility for its own future. Such a situation would not be undreamed-of amid a major collapse calling for either martial law or Communism. It should not happen, however, in normal circumstances. All the more so since we are an industrialized society where people have to have the means for economic defense," he said.
First published in the Kommersant-Dengi magazine.
lifestyle economy economic crisis


Thank you for stopping by my most popular blog posts page.
All three of these recipes are my own and have been made popular by Pinterest!
I like to joke that my claim to fame was started by popcorn, lol!
This recipe is so good and what do you not like about popcorn, melted marshmallow and candy…it's the perfect salty & sweet treat!
Recipe for Popcorn Surprise HERE.
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I know I didn't create the idea of fruit infused water but, I did come up with MY favorite combinations.
Recipe for Fruit Infused Water HERE.
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Recipe for Peach Blueberry Dump Cake HERE.
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text:
Let Them Howl: 100 Years in the Women's Rights Struggle
This outdoor exhibition marking the 100th anniversary of women's suffrage in Canada was created by Library and Archives Canada and the Canadian Museum for Human Rights in Winnipeg, and features reproductions of portraits that celebrate the struggle for women's rights in Canada.
"Never retreat, never explain, never apologize. Get the thing done and let them howl."
– Nellie McClung
Ottawa: Under the Bank Street Bridge, Rideau Canal (during the skating season -- weather permitting)
Winnipeg: Festival du voyageur from February 12 to 21, 2016
Follow this event on Twitter @LibraryArchives
100 Years in the Struggle for Women's Rights: Where Are We Now?
Nellie McClung
Credit: Cyril Jessop
Cairine Wilson
Credit: George Horne Russell
Credit: Yousuf Karsh
Thérèse Casgrain
Credit: George Nakash
Adrienne Clarkson
Credit: Bryan Adams, 1990
Credit: Barbara Woodley, 1990


When there is snow on the ground, Camp T becomes the perfect spot for skiing, snowshoeing, sledding, and more. Skiers can explore the area on six miles of trails, and the sports field provides a good, flat surface for beginners.
For all outdoor winter activities, visitors are responsible for bringing their own equipment. Camp T may be able to assist in locating rental equipment if given advanced notice.


Gaming arguably changed the way the television device was experienced. From lean back to lean forward and scream. So perhaps it should be no surprise that when it comes to attracting gamers (and reaching parents), gamers turn to the biggest screen where more than 90% of video is viewed: television.
To quantify just how the gaming industry leveraged TV advertising, we dug into the data from iSpot.tv (the real-time TV ad tracker that measures activity across the top 118 channels and provides attention analytics gathered from 10+ million TV screens).
What did we find? The video advertising landscape may be shifting but the gaming industry didn't shrink its TV investment in 2016. It grew.
How big? Let's start with reach: gaming commercials showed up on screens 32.6 billion times in 2016. That's over 100 exposures per American, 4 ad airings per human on the planet.
Over the year, 79 unique brands placed 490 different creative spots on U.S. national television nearly 250,000 times, for an estimated media value of $661.8 million.
That's roughly an extra $625k a week, $32.6 million (or 5.18%) increase from 2015, when 65 brands placed 406 different spots for $629.2 million.
And the creative spots game makers churn out is (perhaps unsurprisingly) sticky– with an industry view rate of 88.6%.
Perhaps they have an unfair advantage because game makers are optimized to hold viewers attention– but as an advertising category, some brands are simply exceptional.
Usually the top spenders have the highest viewer tune-out but after spending big ($80.5 million running ads over 11,000 times in 2016), Playstation's ads managed to keep viewers' attention, returning the brand a 93.4% Average View Rate*.
Machine Zone's ads also maintained viewers throughout the year, averaging a view rate of 92.69%.
Top spender, Xbox, however, didn't see the same retention. After running ads over 17,000 times, the brand's average view rate fell to 78.38%, the lowest of any Game-focused advertiser that spent over $1 million on TV ads.
*Average View Rate is the average amount of an ad watched across all views of the ad. The average view rate is only calculated on impressions that are: (a) viewed from the beginning of the ad and (b) viewed either live or on the same day of the original broadcast.
While the Console brands spent the year focusing on their latest platforms, most brands spent to push their flagship titles to new heights. Some brands, like Machine Zone, regularly spent more than $3.5 million in a day to make sure the world knew about their pride and joy, Mobile Strike.
See below a breakdown by brand and a look at the seasonality of the industry. You'll notice the front end of the year when makers load up on the NFL playoff and College Bowl crowds.
Xbox's heavy promotional spend earned the brand 4.8 billion impressions in 2016. Xbox ran 38 creatives throughout the year, with a $146.3 million cumulative estimated media value. Xbox spent most heavily on running ads during NFL Football, followed by College Football.
Machine Zone focused its $90 million ad spend on promoting Mobile Strike — ranking Machine Zone's 22 creatives by ad spending, the first 14 promote Mobile Strike. In all, Machine Zone aired ads 48,961 times and earned 5 billion impressions throughout 2016.
Over the course of 2016, PlayStation earned 3 billion impressions across its 45 spots. PlayStation spent most heavily on 'The King,' airing these ads 1,547 times–particularly during primetime TV — resulting in 817.4 million eyeballs on ads for that title. Out of the entire video game industry's 2016 promotions, 'The King' was the most-seen advertisement.
Sony Video Games and 2K Games upped their advertising expenditure impressively from 2015 to 2016, with both brands seeing triple-digit spend increases year over year. Xbox and Playstation also made significant marketing increases, with both brands revving up spending before the 2016 holiday season.
This single ad generated over 818 million TV ad impressions, the most of any TV ad within the Mobile / Video game category.
All data courtesy of iSpot.tv, which measures national TV advertising, its digital response, and audience attention in real-time from 10mm connected smart TV sets nationwide.


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text:
For a Windows phone, the Nokia Lumia 830 is a great device at a semi-affordable price, but it's lacking in too many areas to be considered a true flagship.
Editor's Note: This product has been removed from our side-by-side comparison because it is no longer available. You can still read our original review below, but Top Ten Reviews is no longer updating this product's information.
For those who love Windows Phone 8.1, the Nokia Lumia 830 is a beautiful smartphone. Likely the last major device to be released under the Nokia Lumia moniker – Microsoft is about to rebrand the line – the 830 has all the hallmarks of great Lumia handsets. The screen's glass is gently curved into its bezels for a fluid swiping experience. Carl Zeiss optics are hemmed by a silky-smooth, polycarbonate shell that's almost soft to the touch. You can even switch out the back plate with different colors.
Unfortunately, the Lumia 830 is hamstrung by the same problem all Lumia devices face: It's a Windows phone. Windows has the best home screen of any mobile platform, and WP 8.1 is easily the best version Microsoft has released to smartphones. However, its app selection is atrocious, and simple tasks often take far more taps and swipes than they would on Android or iOS. Once Windows 10 is released across desktop and mobile, the state of Windows phones could completely transform. The Lumia 830 will be able to ride that bandwagon, but until then, its user experience is substandard.
There's more cause for concern here than software alone. At just 0.9 megapixel, the Lumia 830's front-facing camera is terrible. Its 2200 mAh battery is simply too small by modern standards, and while the phone's dark user interface helps maintain battery life, you should still expect to plug in every night out of necessity, rather than convenience.
Perhaps most disappointing, the 830's processor is a pedestrian 1.2 GHz chip. It was decimated by our benchmark tests, offering up scores between one-third and one-quarter the results of other top smartphones. Our own experience confirms these results; swiping between menus is painless, but loading up audio or video often takes several seconds longer than we're used to on Android and iOS phones.
With a weak processor, a mediocre battery and an operating system that still can't compete, the Nokia Lumia 830 isn't about to win over fresh converts. It is, however, a perfectly capable device that stands above most other Windows smartphones we've reviewed. If you're a die-hard Windows fan and are looking to upgrade, this is the best Lumia option right now.
Nokia Lumia 830 Review
By Oussama Azzab | أسامة عزاب الأحد، 2 أكتوبر 2016


Using Notepad. with Python Programs . Introduction . This web page explains how you can store several Python statements in one file to be executed in sequence by the Python interpreter. This document assumes that the Python software is already installed and running correctly. For instructions on how to download, install and run the Python interpreter program on single line Python commands � how to change my program files location Create a simple calculator which can perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication or division depending upon the user input.
No longer will you be bound to use others� programs to do things with your computer - you can make your own! Practically, Python is just another program on your computer. The first thing to learn is how to use and interact with it.


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Can Losing Weight Help Prevent Prostate Cancer?
Men who are overweight or obese have higher risk factors for the development of a wide variety of medical conditions. From an increased risk for heart disease to higher risk for development of some kinds of cancer, carrying extra pounds around is simply not good for the body no matter how it's looked at. When it comes to prostate cancer risks, however, the jury is still out to some extent.
While most studies have not found a direct link between obesity and higher risk for prostate cancer, some others have shown that those who are overweight are more likely to develop more aggressive forms of this disease. Other studies have found that weight may play a role in prostate cancer deaths.
Although the studies remain inconclusive, obesity does seem to play at least a small role in elevating some prostate cancer risk factors. With that in mind, men who are interested in getting an edge in the health department might want to take positive steps to change their outlook as early in life as possible. That means shedding those extra pounds and making appropriate lifestyle changes to keep them off.
Eating a healthy diet doesn't mean having to eat like a rabbit. Men don't necessarily have to give up everything they love to eat healthy and maintain suggested weight levels. Instead, strive for a balance and keep those "indulgences" such as red meat, high fat foods and sugary foods at a minimum. A diet should be rich in fruits and vegetables, lean meat and low-fat dairy on a consistent basis though.
Get active and have fun. Exercise doesn't have to be boring to be effective. Devise ways to get active while having fun. That might mean joining a basketball league or simply taking daily brisk walks or runs with family and friends. If it involves moving, it's a step in the right direction.
Studies may not have found direct links between obesity and prostate cancer, but the reality is the healthier a lifestyle happens to be the less likely it is health problems will arise. Take steps now to get active, lose weight and keep it off.


Man Makes Fun of KCR's Nose & 'Poor' State on TikTok | Gets Arrested | for Defaming CM - Duration: 37 seconds.
Bollywood Actor Akshay Kumar Interviews PM Modi - Duration: 48 minutes.
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11 AM | Ghantaravam | News Headlines | 24th April 2019 | ETV Telangana - Duration: 66 seconds.
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History of Saleshwaram Temple Yatra | Popularly Known as Telangana Amarnath Yatra - Duration: 7 minutes, 49 seconds.
Special Story on Indravelli Firing Incident | Which Completes 38 Years Today - Duration: 3 minutes, 47 seconds.
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Slow & Snail Paced Works of ROB | Creating Several Traffic Woes | at Kazipet - Duration: 3 minutes, 23 seconds.
Jurala Project Running Dry | Dragging Tears from the Eyes of Over 1600 Villages - Duration: 3 minutes, 36 seconds.
Narender of Hyderabad's Kothapet | A Skillful Artist Making Beautiful Paintings - Duration: 3 minutes, 8 seconds.
Two Youngsters of Antargaon | Doing Wonders with Date Toddy | Earning A Pocketful - Duration: 4 minutes, 15 seconds.
Colorful Anganwadi Centers in Nagarkurnool | Dragging Kids in Massive Numbers - Duration: 3 minutes, 49 seconds.
Exclusive Story on Historic Sri Ranganayaka Swamy Temple | Wanaparthy Dist - Duration: 5 minutes, 1 second.
Collection of Ancient Books | Made as Hobby by Nadamunula Ramarao | Hails from Husnabad - Duration: 3 minutes, 25 seconds.
Shortage of Staff @ Radiology Department | Deeply Hurting Patients @ Nizamabad Govt Hospital - Duration: 3 minutes, 12 seconds.
Water Lagoon @ Krishna District | Making Farmers Very Happy @ Madumaal | Narayankhed - Duration: 4 minutes, 31 seconds.
IMD Hyderabad Remains Atop | in Predicting Calamities | #IdiSangathi - Duration: 11 minutes.
Yuva TG | 11th Apr'19 | సివిల్స్ ర్యాంకర్ చిట్టిరెడ్డి శ్రీపాల్‌తో ఈటీవీ ముఖాముఖి - Duration: 6 minutes, 50 seconds.
Yuva TG | 10th Apr'19 | ఓటు హక్కుపై బీవీఆర్‌ఐటీ విద్యార్థులతో ఈటీవీ ముఖాముఖి - Duration: 7 minutes, 1 second.
Yuva TG | 10th Apr'19 | మార్పు కావాలంటే ఓటుతోనే సాధ్యమంటున్న యువత - Duration: 6 minutes, 53 seconds.
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JEE Advance 2019 | Mathematics | What to be Done to Score Big - Duration: 22 minutes.
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text:
London to get Europe's largest tech innovation centre
July 27 ,2016 | by Hari Sri
London is to become home to Europe's largest technology innovation centre. The Innovation Centre is a joint venture between property developer Delancey's evergreen investment fund, DV4, and tech consultancy firm ENTIQ.
The facility will support start-ups from a wide range of industries, including fashion, health, design and the Internet of Things, promoting collaboration and helping them to grow.
Members of the centre will be able to have access to a wide range of services, including education for entrepreneurs, accelerator and incubation programmes and a technology lab. There will also be funding opportunities.
The facility will be located at the city's Here East digital campus on the Olympic Park and will provide space for 500 start-ups. It is set to launch in October but will be opening fully in January 2017.
According to Mayor of London Sadiq Khan, the city's digital technology sector supports nearly 200,000 jobs and will generate a "massive" £18 billion for the capital's economy in 2016.
Commenting on the centre, Khan stated that it will be a "big boost to the sector" and will provide a hub for "exciting new innovation."
ENTIQ Founder and Innovation Centre CEO, Claire Cockerton, commented: "Our business values are firmly rooted in the local and Olympic history: creativity and making, multi-disciplinary working, inclusivity and internationalism, and we will remain a launch pad for British-based scale-up businesses and a soft landing pad for companies coming to the UK for the first time."


text:
var http = require('http');
var config = require('./config');
var city = '';
var state = '';
var apiKey = config.apiKey; // ********* Enter API key in config file *********** //
// Print out location message
function printMessage(zip, city, state) {
  var message = city + ', ' + state + ' ' + zip;
  console.log(message);
}

// Print out current conditions
function printConditions(temp, weather, city, state) {
  var message = 'It is currently ' + temp + ' F' + ' and ' + weather.toLowerCase() + ' in ' + city + ', ' + state;
  console.log(message);
}

// Print out error message
function printError(error) {
  console.error(error.message);
}

// Get location data
function getLocation(zip) {
  var request = http.get('http://api.wunderground.com/api/' + apiKey + '/geolookup/q/' + zip + '.json', function(response){
    var body = '';
    response.on('data', function(dataChunk){
      body += dataChunk;
    });

    response.on('end', function(){
      if(response.statusCode === 200) {
        try {
          var city = JSON.parse(body);
          // console.log(city.location.city, city.location.state);
          getConditions(city.location.city, city.location.state);
        } catch(error) {
          printError(error);
        }
      }
    });
  });
}

// Get current conditions
function getConditions(city, state) {
  var requestConditions = http.get('http://api.wunderground.com/api/' + apiKey + '/conditions/q/' + state + '/' + city + '.json', function(response){
    var body = '';
    response.on('data', function(dataChunk){
      body += dataChunk;
    });
    response.on('end', function(){
      if (response.statusCode === 200) {
        try {
          var conditions = JSON.parse(body);
          printConditions(conditions.current_observation.temp_f, conditions.current_observation.weather, city, state);
        } catch (error) {
          printError(error);
        }
      }
    });
  });
}

module.exports.get = getLocation;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');
var broccoli = require('broccoli');
var walkSync = require('walk-sync');
var expect = require('chai').expect;
var suaveLintTree = require('../index').lintTree;

describe('rules tests', function() {
  var fixturePath = path.join(__dirname, 'fixtures');
  var builder, originLog;

  beforeEach(function() {
    this.lintTree = suaveLintTree;
    this.app = { options: {} };

    originLog = console.log;
    console.log = function(contents) {
      if (!/at .+ :/.test(contents)) {
        originLog.apply(console, arguments);
      }
    };
  });

  afterEach(function() {
    console.log = originLog;

    if (builder) {
      return builder.cleanup();
    }
  });

  var rules = fs.readdirSync(path.join(fixturePath, 'rules'));

  rules.forEach(function(dir) {
    describe(dir, function() {
      it('good files should pass', function() {
        var rulePath = path.join(fixturePath, 'rules', dir, 'good');

        return checkJSCSRules(this.lintTree('test', rulePath), function(contents) {
          expect(contents).to.include('ok(true');
          expect(contents).to.not.include('ok(false');
        });
      });

      it('bad files should fail', function() {
        var rulePath = path.join(fixturePath, 'rules', dir, 'bad');

        return checkJSCSRules(this.lintTree('test', rulePath), function(contents) {
          expect(contents).to.not.include('ok(true');
          expect(contents).to.include('ok(false');
        });
      });
    });
  });

  describe('regressions', function() {
    var regressionDirs = fs.readdirSync(path.join(fixturePath, 'regressions'));

    regressionDirs.forEach(function(dir) {
      it(dir + ' should pass', function() {
        var rulePath = path.join(fixturePath, 'regressions', dir);

        return checkJSCSRules(this.lintTree('test', rulePath), function(contents) {
          expect(contents).to.not.include('ok(false');
          expect(contents).to.include('ok(true');
        });
      });
    });
  });

  function checkJSCSRules(tree, callback) {
    var builder = new broccoli.Builder(tree);

    return builder.build()
      .then(function(result) {
        var outputPath = result.directory;

        var files = walkSync(outputPath)
          .filter(function(file) {
            return /jscs-test.js$/.test(file);
          });

        files.forEach(function(file) {
          var contents = fs.readFileSync(path.join(outputPath, file), { encoding: 'utf8' });

          callback(contents);
        });
      });
  }
});


On early Monday morning (1:09am), two men broke into The Depot Fine Wines & Spirits in the Arnold Station shopping center. Surveillance cameras caught the suspects casing the store on Friday and Saturday. In addition a video was captured.
The store is offering a $1000 reward to ANYONE with information leading to an arrest and conviction. Please call (410) 974-1030 with any information.
Please utilize social media and forward, share, like, and tweet this information to your friends.


text:
TARJA NAKED, VULNERABLE BUT AGGRESSIVE LIKE
NEVER BEFORE ON HER BRAND NEW ALBUM "IN THE RAW".
Lust For Life (NL)
"The sonic landscape on In The Raw is very well balanced and as usual Tarja uses her gracious soprano voice to maneuver through all of it."
Aardschok (NL)
"In The Raw is a very versatile album that shows Tarja is still capable of grabbing and holding our attention after all these years."
1. Dead Promises (with Björn "Speed" Strid)
2. Goodbye Stranger (with Cristina Scabbia)
3. Tears In Rain
4. Railroads
5. You And I
6. The Golden Chamber: Awaken /	Loputon yö / Alchemy
7. Spirits Of The Sea
8. Silent Masquerade (with Tommy Karevik)
9. Serene
10. Shadow Play
Pre-order CD (Ltd. O-Card Box Digi)
Pre-order Vinyl
Pre-order Box Set
CD Digipak, 2LP (Picture Disc) incl. Download, Bonus CD in Cardbox-Sleeve with Outtakes/B-Sides, vinyl-sized Photobook, Postcards
Pre-order Digital Album
As the saying goes, not all that glitters is gold. But then again, not all that is gold necessarily glitters. It was this idea that struck Finnish singer Tarja Turunen as she began work on her seventh solo album, "In The Raw".
"Gold, we think, is something polished and perfect, sophisticated, a luxury – but in its natural state it's a raw element", explains Tarja. Just like the music on her upcoming album: a combination of sophisticated and refined orchestration, choir and her classically trained voice with a raw, dark heavy musical core. Simply put, "In The Raw" is a gold-plated work of wonder.
Three years on from her last album, 2016's "The Shadow Self", "In The Raw" finds Tarja and her beautiful voice sounding, as ever, truly stunning. Working with many of the same musicians and production team as before, the intention was to bring out the idea of rawness to match the feelings Tarja was having from the very beginning of the process.
The album finds Tarja going to raw, personal places in her lyrics. Opening herself up more than ever before, she says she was left feeling naked by her honesty, but also pleased at where she had gone with her words.
The first look at the album, the brand-new song "Dead Promises", is all this and more. Matching the stunning power of Tarja's voice with a thunderous guitar, the aggression she speaks of is brought to the front, not threatening to shatter something fragile, but reinforcing its power. "I really like how the guitar sounds: in your face," she says. "If I'm singing powerfully, I need something powerful behind me so that I don't feel like I am left alone." Fans will find that the album includes an amazing duet version of the song with guest vocals by Björn "Speed" Strid of Soilwork.
Life is a journey. "Railroads", the second single from Tarja's upcoming new album "In The Raw", deals with this train of thought exactly. The heavy, yet melodic song draws inspiration from the book "Aleph" by Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho. In it, the writer travels on the Trans-Siberian Railway, and begins to understand better his own spiritual condition through his journey:
"Apparently, it seems like I wrote weird lyrics, yet I pulled inspiration from one book. Paulo Coelho is a very important writer, and I have discovered a lot about myself through his texts", recalls Tarja. "In 'Aleph', he goes on a train journey through Siberia, and he writes a book based on his experiences on that trip. I wanted to go beyond everything and think about myself and my own journey. The whole album is a journey, in a way.
The funny thing is, 'Railroads' is a very old song which I have had on demo for years. It always felt like a train ride and I even named it like that before having any lyrics or before 'Aleph' was published. It's so old I can't even remember when I started writing it, for the first or second album? And I've only finished it now."
But some things are worth waiting for until the time is right.
Dead Promises
"The only direction that I gave to Alex Scholpp before we started working on the composition of "Dead Promises" was, that I wanted to have a song on the album, which would make people (and myself) jump in my shows. Like crazy :)
He came up with this guitar based great tune and I liked the mood of it since the first listening. I also decided already then to have the guitar very present in the song. The raw sound of rhythm guitars in general gives me the energy that I need in order to feel relaxed while I sing. I have a powerful voice which needs support from my band, so that I don't feel like left alone. Precisely this raw, aggressive, edgy sound was common to other demos of the album too. I started to think that I didn't want to loose that sound this time and while we would have orchestration, choirs and lots of rich elements all through the album, the guitars and the band will need to be the main thing this time.
And the complete "Raw" concept started to take shape.
I loved adding a few operatic vocals on the song, which has become my trademark since the beginning of my rock career.
Before my own vocal recordings began, I thought of the possibility to have this song as a duet on the album. Björn "Speed" Strid from Soilwork is a talented singer who I have been admiring for a long time. When he accepted to take part in my song, I knew it would be just amazing. He did a great job where you can hear his amazing vocal range."
Goodbye Stranger
"The search of the raw sound in a song found its best expression with "Goodbye Stranger". For me, who is used to have keyboards, orchestra and other elements on my productions, it feels super different to write a song where the power comes from drums, bass, guitars and voice only. But that's how I love it! The song has a special airy, light, spatial, floating feeling on it despite being very heavy at the same time.
It had been on my mind for a long time that I would like to sing along with my friend Cristina Scabbia. My dream became reality on this one. I am honoured to have her voice on my record and on this particular song, where I could have her very well present. In general I like to give my guest vocalists lot of space in my productions so the collaboration becomes lot more enjoyable experience."
Let it go, let it go!
Why crave to hold your breath?
Take it slow, take it slow
There is no life in death
It is time, it is time
to leave the past behind and face yourself alone
Tears In Rain
"Johnny Andrews can make me fly with his ideas for new songs! It has always been a pure pleasure to write with him. After years, he also understands my voice and music taste better, so the writing process is easier in every way. Even though this time we didn't sit in the same room while the song was shaped, still I have to say this one makes me very happy and proud. When we had finished writing the song, I already felt it as one of the strongest songs from the album. It just has the energy that drives me onward.
We used a very famous quote from Ridley Scott's film Blade Runner. A classic that sets the tone for the story in the song "All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain"."
I wish I could feel,
but I can't remember
What was forever
is never more
There's no monuments
just the fading sense
of what came before
We are gone
Nothing of us remains
Like tears in rain
all of it washed away
I wrote apparently weird lyrics, but inspired in one book. Paulo Coelho is a very important writer, and I have discovered a lot about myself through his texts. In 'Aleph', he goes on a train journey through Siberia, and he writes a book based on his spiritual experiences in that trip. I wanted to go beyond everything and think about my own journey and myself. The whole "In The Raw" album is a journey, in a way. The funny thing is, 'Railroads' is a very old song that I have had on demo for years. It always felt like a train ride and I even named it like that before having any lyrics or before 'Aleph' was published. It's so old I can't even remember when I started writing it, for the first or second album? And I've only finished it now. It become a crazy, colourful, obscure and at the same time comforting song.
Hard to believe in, strikes like a bad sin
Life without meaning, is no life at all
Dreaming victorious, death to be glorious
Conquering new worlds further than before
The violin player in her red gown
cuts the strings to life while golden
feathered keys are struggling
through the lightning path in black and white
Frozen tiger statues round us,
Arbeit macht frei never back
Your eyes without a face chasing the medals in disguise
Come show me the love that fills your heart
You'll see this moment will redeem the past
and shine tomorrow railroads with your light
Facing the darkness, escaping that madness
I traveled a long way to find out what is near
Rings of fire, monastery,
laurel wreath, the bells of glory
Eagle rising, camels fading,
ancient martial arts we are floating
Spiral keeps on round and round
deep into the swamp we are boating
Latin veritas and Ichiban sharing the sky
I often wonder what happened in the world of music that I can hardly think of recent great ballads like the ones from 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s.
I miss that big ballads a bit, so I decided to give it a try myself with the help of my friend Matthias Lindblom.
I love piano as an instrument. I started my musical studies with piano playing when I was young and nowadays I write my songs with it. I felt that I needed to have a piano song on the album. I love the simplicity of this song, even though the massive sound of the orchestra can make you feel the beauty of life. It almost feels like a celebration of life! The story on this song could mean a world to so many.
The Golden Chamber
This song doesn't have any rock band feel in it, but it also represents whom I am. How much I love working with film composer Jim Dooley!!! When it comes to orchestra and choir, he is the one that I want next to me. He perfectly understands and shares my love towards film music. Film music still today is a great inspiration to me when writing songs. I love the freedom of expressing emotions in simple, but effective ways. "The Golden Chamber" is a journey to the dark cave where I dived in with having hope of finding something brighter. It feels like a self-discovery journey once again. It was nice to write few lines in Finnish for the song, which I hadn't done in years. It all made sense when I had the general idea for this orchestral song ready. It is an unusual path in a heavy metal album, but I had to return to my roots and express my passion for the film music with a core song in my new album.
Spirits Of The Sea
It is lovely to be able to work with people that inspires me. Bart Hendrickson is one of them. I have been writing quite many songs with him in the past and our songs have always had a special and unique touch. Bart is involved in the film music scene as well as in rock, so you can imagine that magic happens when we two get together to write a song. He sent me a demo with the seed for Spirits. It was dark, sad. I thought initially that it was not going to fit the album and the other songs that I had at that time. A sad song needs a sad story. When I composed the melodies, one line came clearly to me: Spirits of the Sea. I couldn't take it out of my head. And then I remembered reading the news of the incident of the ARA San Juan submarine from Argentina. It disappeared leaving uncertainty about the 44 members of the crew. Suddenly the whole world was hoping that this ship could be found and the impact was huge. I have lived in Argentina many years, so I felt the connection and inspiration to write a story about it. I loved writing these dreamy, but dark lyrics on this particular song as a reminder. I envisioned what these men and woman of the crew and their loved ones might have gone through. A sad and unnecessary loss.
On the brighter side I am very happy to have Carlinhos Brown, a super famous Brazilian artist that is a great percussionist. He definitely helped to shape the tribal sound for the most successful Sepultura albums. He gave me the flavour I was looking for the song.
Now my listeners can take the deep dive and embrace the memory of the spirits of the sea with me.
I watched you go at wave-beaten shore where wind stood still
Felt grey and cold the moment you went away from me
Now dreams are sleeping with your quiet destiny
Underway to dwell the longer on your memory
Meet me at the hour of dawn
Think of us after you're gone
Wait for me at the edge of the sky
Promise me our love won't die
Fear of men no longer lives
Let the sunlight dry our tears
I'll go
The Ashrays chanting with their velvet silver hair
Nocturnal, luring choirs will live to tell the tale
The quest of overwhelming fortune came to an end
Burning inside of us remain their eternal flames
Never let them go
Where the stars can't reach,
living infinite
They'll always know
Kept in secrecy
44 and me
Never break their freedom in supreme tranquillity
Seeking for truth
My brothers of the blue
Silent Masquerade
I had a simple piano demo of this song when I handed it over to my guitarist Julian Barrett. We worked together on the song to get it heavier and rougher. The story on this one is very personal to me and it took courage to get it out, but I am happy I did it because now I feel liberated. It feels like breathing fresh air again.
Guest singer Tommy Karevik just blew me away with his vocal abilities! He sang the song super emotionally and made me weep like a baby. I loved working with him on this one.
I borrowed from Shakespeare the perfect text for some spoken words amazingly enounced by my mixing engineer and friend Tim Palmer. Pretty much in synch with the album theme it starts with the famous: "All that glitters is not gold"
Red arises in the sky of Sunday morning
Washing the face of the mountain by the sea
I am the present without knowledge, without warning
The child in me will never cease to be
Is not the future we see,
endless daze of fantasies
The ocean whispering me
time really doesn't exist
Now I'm drifting away,
imprisoned by our memories
Love was just a word until you gave it meaning
Go on and find the prince of crime
Temptation keeps you satisfied,
distort your sight
I suffocate
in your silent masquerade
Leave me as victim of your lies
Salvation cannot help you hide
Won't hear me cry
No one can tell the games that we play will last forever
No matter we tried, we never got a chance
This song was in the making from the sessions of my previous album. I felt the strong guitar part was perfect for "In The Raw".
"Serene" has a deep connection and bond with the fact of me becoming a mother few years ago.
I am the face in the mirror
telling you all will turn out right
In every step of the way
I follow your lead into the night
and I'll open up the sky
It's all inside of you
Black skies, light up diamonds in your eyes
and break through
I live inside of you
Just fly
Over the night
and you'll soon wake up to see
Everything's serene
Songwriters of my very first single "I walk alone" Mattias and Anders, are involved on this one again. It is nice to see the progress of how people that have been working with me throughout the years, grew together with me.
I have always loved theatre and drama. Writing a story about a marionette's life was inspiring and beautiful. I wanted to write a song that had a massive orchestra to finish my album with a bang. This song is perfect for it and I love the final result with Jim Dooley's arrangement.
Looking at the mirror, asking questions with old, weary eyes
Once a girl who had no name dressed as an angel in disguise
From the corner of her bedroom light illuminates
crawling shadows, cut out silhouettes
With the darkness, a dancing marionette
Smiled away with such a beauty ever seen before
Drowned by rain of thorns and petals falling at her curtain call
This mortal coil year after year recalled a sad charade
like a shadow play we can't forget
In the darkness, a crying marionette
Privacy Policy ❘ Disclaimer ❘ Imprint ❘ Label Contact
© 2019 earMUSIC, a project of Edel Germany GmbH.


text:
//*********************************************************
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// THIS CODE IS PROVIDED *AS IS* WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
//
//*********************************************************
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;

// The Blank Page item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234238

namespace AppUIBasics.ControlPages
{
    /// <summary>
    /// An empty page that can be used on its own or navigated to within a Frame.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed partial class HyperlinkButtonPage : Page
    {
        public HyperlinkButtonPage()
        {
            this.InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void GoToHyperlinkButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            NavigationRootPage.RootFrame.Navigate(typeof(ItemPage), "ToggleButton");
        }
    }
}


The CPHC's view is that there is a complex landscape. Different employers have radically different needs, and different Computer Science degrees deliver widely varying skill-sets with this in mind. Avowedly poor early employment figures for students with Computer Science degrees are negated by data from the same source for later employment that suggests students are slower at getting into the market rather than simply not doing so. At the same time government figures show that Computer Science degrees are taking on more students from deprived backgrounds than other subjects and that Computer Science graduates achieve good salary levels.
Current CS degrees are benchmarked against subject descriptions provided locally in the UK by the Higher Education Academy and in the US by bodies such as the Association for Computing Machinery. These are refined through discussion with institutions' own Industrial Liaison Groups. In this context there are many levers that can be pulled to address the kinds of issues being reported, including ensuring that employers know where to look for students with the skills they need, and that universities currently producing those students are fully aware of the employers that need their graduates.
This entry was posted in General and tagged BIS, CS Graduates, Employers, Industry by Vic Grout. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
JP Morgan fires starting gun on Asian private banking talent race
by Simon Mortlock 10 January 2022
We're not even two weeks into 2022, but the signs so far are that the job market in Asian private banking will be just as ferocious this year as it was in 2021.
Private banks large and small are gearing up for more front-office hiring as bonus season approaches, and reports have already emerged over the past few days about new expansion plans.
JPMorgan wants to increase the Asian headcount of its private bank by more than 100 in 2022, according to Reuters. Around a fifth of these new recruits will reportedly cover clients in mainland China, suggesting that the bank is continuing to build its China desks in Singapore and Hong Kong. In the former city, JPM has been expanding the unit since at least early 2020.
Meanwhile, Renaud de Planta, senior partner of the Pictet Group, told The Business Times last week that Asia is on track to being a "key and more essential part" of his firm's franchise this year. Additional headcount would seem highly likely to follow as business expansion usually needs to be underpinned by new relationship managers bringing in new clients.
Pictet also has a recent history of recruitment, and like JP Morgan it's been hiring for its North Asia desk in Singapore and Hong Kong. The Geneva-headquartered boutique bank, which grew its assets under management in Asia by around 40% year-on-year in the first half of 2021, poached several senior private bankers in November.
Pictet was only the 23rd largest private bank in Asia by front-office headcount at the end of 2020, employing 70 RMs, while JP Morgan was in 13th place, with a 131-strong RM workforce, according to the latest data from Asian Private Banker.
Their current expansion plans, especially Pictet's, may not be large in their own right, but they will help to fuel talent shortages in a sector that is already suffering from a lack of RMs as a number of other banks are growing their headcounts in both Singapore and Hong Kong at the same time.
These include Credit Suisse, which took on 50 RMs in Asia in the first half of 2021, and BNP Paribas, which emerged is an active recruiter in 2021, having poached several RMs from Standard Chartered. As we reported in October, Deutsche is hiring in Singapore to meet "rising client demand" in ASEAN. HSBC and Citi have mammoth hiring targets in Asia, although their numbers include wealth managers as well as private bankers. Still, Citi plans to have 550 new Hong Kong-based private bankers and RMs in place by 2025.
This year, as well as China-desk specialists, private banks in Asia will want to hire ultra-high-net-worth RMs (JPM, for example, focuses exclusively on this client segment) and RMs with experience serving family offices, especially in Singapore.
Photo by Joshua Burdick on Unsplash
UBS, SCB and the new way to get a wealth job in Singapore


text:
Tax issues regarding child custody in Texas
In Texas and elsewhere, divorce is no walk in the park. When the spouses involved are also parents, achieving a fair settlement may be even more challenging because of child custody issues. One of numerous important matters that parents must resolve, for instance, is who will claim the children as dependents on tax returns after divorce.
Is there a primary custodial parent?
If the court grants one parent sole physical custody of his or her children, then that parent is legally identified as the primary custodial parent. This makes the other parent a noncustodial parent, although he or she may have visitation privileges. In most cases, the primary custodial parent is the one who claims the children as dependents on tax returns. It is sometimes possible, however, for a custodial parent to relinquish tax benefits to a noncustodial parent.
What happens in a shared child custody arrangement?
There are many Texas parents who share custody of their children 50/50 after divorce. This can complicate tax issues because only one parent is allowed to claim the children as dependents in a particular tax year. Some co-parents resolve this issue by having one parent claim some of the children on his or her tax returns while the other parent claims the others. Trading off year by year may be another tax return option in a shared custody situation, meaning parents alternate years to claim dependents.
Parents must fulfill requirements and adhere to tax laws
Even if one parent agrees to let the other claim children as dependents on his or her tax returns, if the parent in question does not meet the requirements to do so, then the issue is moot. It is critical that a Texas parent who is navigating child custody in divorce seeks clarification of tax laws as they relate to the topic. If custody issues and tax issues intersect that spark a legal problem between parents, a concerned parent may reach out for additional support by discussing the topic with an experienced family law attorney.


text:
Items Design for a royal palace
Design for a royal palace: Part of a series of designs connected with the new entrance to the House of Lords made in the year 1822
Soane, John, Sir, 1753-1837
Moyes, James, d. 1838
Designs for public and private buildings
Soane, John, Sir, 1753-1837 (Author)
Soane, John, Sir, 1753-1837 (Architect)
Moyes, James, d. 1838 (Printer)
Place: London
Publisher: Priestley and Weale
Shelf locator: MQZ++ (Soane) (Soane, J. Designs for public and private buildings)
Architecture -- England
Castles & palaces -- England
Design drawings
Bird's-eye views
Content: "Intended as a continuation of the Designs for public improvements in London and Westminster."
Universal Unique Identifier (UUID): a9271200-c6f4-012f-6e25-58d385a7bc34
The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Art & Architecture Collection, The New York Public Library. "Design for a royal palace" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1828. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5e66b3e9-0176-d471-e040-e00a180654d7
The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Art & Architecture Collection, The New York Public Library. "Design for a royal palace" New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed July 18, 2019. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5e66b3e9-0176-d471-e040-e00a180654d7
The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Art & Architecture Collection, The New York Public Library. (1828). Design for a royal palace Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5e66b3e9-0176-d471-e040-e00a180654d7
<ref name=NYPL>{{cite web | url=http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5e66b3e9-0176-d471-e040-e00a180654d7 | title= (still image) Design for a royal palace, (1828) }} |author=Digital Collections, The New York Public Library |accessdate=July 18, 2019 |publisher=The New York Public Library, Astor, Lennox, and Tilden Foundation}}</ref>


text:
Q: Is Bjarne wrong about this example of ADL, or do I have a compiler bug? I'm reading The C++ Programming Language, 4th Edition (by Bjarne Stroustrup) about argument-dependent-lookup. Here is the quote (26.3.6, Overaggressive ADL):

Argument-dependent lookup (often referred to as ADL) is very useful to avoid verbosity (14.2.4). For example:
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello, world" << endl; // OK because of ADL
}

Without argument-dependent lookup, the endl manipulator would not be found. As it is, the compiler notices that the first argument to << is an ostream defined in std. Therefore, it looks for endl in std and finds it (in <iostream>).

And here's the result produced by the compiler (C++11 mode):
prog.cpp: In function 'int main()':
prog.cpp:4:36: error: 'endl' was not declared in this scope
 std::cout << "Hello, world" << endl;
                                ^

Either this is a bug in the compiler or in the book. What does the standard say?
Update:
I need to clarify a bit. I know that the right answer is to use std::endl. The question was about the text in the book. As Lachlan Easton already said, it is not just a typo. The whole paragraph is (probably) wrong. I can accept this kind of error if the book is by an other (lesser known) author, but I was (and still am) in doubt because it was written by Bjarne.

A: It's not a bug in the compiler. ADL is used to lookup functions not arguments. operator<< is the function found through ADL here by looking at the parameters std::cout and (what should be) std::endl.

A: I don't have the book, but this seems to be an error in the book, the fact that it's missing the namespace qualifier has nothing to do with ADL. It should be std::endl.

A: For those saying it's a typo, it's not. Either Bjarne made a mistake or the compiler has it wrong.
The paragraph after the one posted by OP reads

Without argument-dependent lookup, the endl manipulator would not be
  found. As it is, the compiler notices that the first argument to << is
  an ostream defined in std. Therefore, it looks for endl in std and
  finds it (in<iostream>).

A: Yes, it is an error - the example is ill-formed and should not compile.  ADL applies to unqualified function names that introduce function call expressions.  endl is an id-expression attempting to lookup std::endl.  endl does not introduce a function call expression so argument-dependent lookup is not used for it, only unqualified lookup is used, so it will not find std::endl as intended.
A simpler and correct example would be:
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> x, y;
    swap(x,y); // calls std::swap due to ADL
}

In summary, before a function call (eg f(x,y,z)) with an unqualified id (eg f) is looked up, first the parameters of the function (eg x,y,z) are analyzed to determine their type.  A list of associated namespaces is formed based on the types (for example the enclosing namespace of the type's definition is an associated namespace).  These namespaces are then additionally searched for the function.
The intention of Bjarne's example is to show off the ADL of the std::operator<< function, and not std::endl.  This requires an additional understanding that overloaded operators are in fact function call expressions, so x << y means operator<<(x,y), and operator<< is an unqualified name, and therefore ADL applies to it.  The type of the LHS is std::ostream so std is an associated namespace, and therefore std::operator<<(ostream&, ...) is found.
The corrected comentary should read:

Without argument-dependent lookup, the overloaded << operator in the std namespace would not be found. As it is, the compiler notices that the first argument to << is an ostream defined in std. Therefore, it looks for the operator << in std and finds it (in <iostream>).

A: It is a typo in the book as the others have already pointed out. However, what is meant in the book is that we would have to write
std::operator<<(std::cout, "Hello, world").operator<<(std::endl);

without ADL. That's what Bjarne meant by verbosity.

I stand corrected. As Lachlan Easton points out, it isn't a typo but a mistake in the book. I don't have access to this book that's why I couldn't read that paragraph and realize it myself. I have reported this mistake to Bjarne so that he can correct it.

Funny. The same example is on Wikipedia and

Note that std::endl is a function but it needs full qualification,
  since it is used as an argument to operator<< (std::endl is a function
  pointer, not a function call).

No doubt, it is a mistake in the book. Nevertheless the example  std::operator<<(std::cout, "Hello, world").operator<<(std::endl); shows how ADL helps reducing the verbosity.

Thanks to gx_ for pointing out my mistake.

A: The hint is in the name "argument-dependent lookup".
It's lookup for unqualified function names, that works depending on the arguments.
It's got nothing to do with lookup for arguments.
Bjarne misspoke.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Recovery Email Address to the Rescue!
In conjunction with our recently released CalNet Account Manager (mycalnet.berkeley.edu), CalNet is launching a campus-wide campaign to ensure that users are able to take advantage of cool new self-service tools. In order to use the tools at mycalnet.berkeley.edu, students and staff need first submit a personal Recovery Email Address via mycalnet.berkeley.edu.
CalNet Sync Code is Retiring!
On October 4, 2016, the CalNet team will retire the legacy LDAP Sync Code and hand control of LDAP provisioning to the Berkeley Person Registry. This step modernizes campus identity data management and will affect the services described below. Please take note.
Sync Code Retirement - why it's a big deal!
CalNet has done it again! Recently released by your favorite Identity and Access Management team, CalNet Account Manager (CAM) is an exciting new tool that allows you to manage your CalNet account, yourself. Previously, students and employees needed to contact the Cal1Card office or a campus CalNet deputy to get a token to create a new CalNet account or reset a forgotten passphrase. This new application lets you make these changes yourself. It also serves as a central location for making changes to personal or security information, streamlining the process for all users.
CAS, LDAP, MFA, UID -- what's it all mean?
Review our CalNet Glossary to find CalNet terms and definitions to help you better understand the world of Identity and Access Management.
Stay up to date with CalNet!
CalNet operates a complex suite of applications that support the Identity and Access Management functions of the University. As technology is updated throughout the CalNet portfolio, updates appear on this the CalNet Release Notes page: https://calnetweb.berkeley.edu/calnet-releases.
If you support technology that depends on CalNet tools, this is the best place to look to see if something in the CalNet technology stack has changed or will change, and how it could be affecting your services.
On Monday, May 16, 2016, CalNet will deprecate all legacy CAS service names. On that date, the only name that will resolve to a production CAS server will be the auth.berkeley.edu name in the DNS.
On Friday, February 19, guests representing a plethora of UC Berkeley web applications came together in University Hall to experience the fun-filled extravaganza that was CalNet's "CAS-a-Nova." Following opening words from Paul Rivers, Chief Information Security Officer, and an informative presentation by Jeremy Rosenberg, Manager of the CalNet Identity and Access team, attendees had the opportunity to get to know the faces of CalNet as well as begin the process to set up custom CAS Authorization.
CalNet has launched a new website.
New sections include CalNet for Technologists, CalNet for Departments and CalNet for Me. We hope the new layout and organization makes it easier to find the information you need!
Update - see it online!
If you couldn't attend CAS-a-Nova in person on Feb. 19, check it out online at https://youtu.be/jnKMIouBSWw.
The login screen for the campus CalNet system got a new look on Tuesday, Oct. 20, 2015. The new screen has a clean, modern design and uses UC Berkeley-branded design elements and fonts. More importantly, it offers improved security. The CalNet login screen now uses an Extended Validation certificate that allows you to more easily recognize when a login screen is real or fake.
If you work on a project team, how do you keep track of team members so that you can send information, share files and schedule meetings? In our current environment, we typically have to create and maintain a group list in each of the different applications that support our administrative needs (such as bMail, Box, Calshare, etc.). Wouldn't it be more efficient to create a group once and have it appear automatically in the applications we use?