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In 1984, The Retro Brothers were accused of being too harsh when reviewing games. Under intense scrutiny, they promptly changed their identities and escaped to the Glasgow underground.
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Q: Why literals are considered expressions in C++? I'm studying the C++ programming language using Programming priciples and practice using C++.
 I'm in chapter 4 now and in this chapter the book introduces the concept of expression, but I can't understand it at all :

The most basic building block in a program is an expression. An espression compute a value from a number of operands. The simplest expression in C++ is simply a literal value such as 11, 'c', "hello". Names of variables are also expressions. A variable represent the object which it is the name.

Why a literal is considered an expression ? Why the name of a variable is considered an expression ?

A: Expressions -in programming languages, in math, in linguistics- are defined compositionally (or inductively). So expressions are often made of subexpressions like x*2+y*4 is made of two sub-expressions x*2 and y*4 joined by the addition operator +.
But you need a base case (the most atomic and simple expressions). These are literals (2) and variables (x) - if either of them was not an expression 2*x could not be an expression (since both operands of the binary multiplication * are sub-expressions).
Notice that in C and C++ assignments and function calls are expressions

A: Think of it like this: An expression is a sequence of steps that produce a value. Thus, 4+3 is a two-step expression, because you (1) start with the number 4, and (2) add 3 to it.
Therefore, 7 can be regarded as a single-step sequence, because there is only one "action" performed: (1) start with the number 7.
Thus, both a = 4+3; and a = 7; can be generalised to a = <expression>;.

A: An expression is "a sequence of operators and operands that specifies a computation" (http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/expressions).
Let see a simple expression: 3 + 3. When you evaluate this expression, you will get the result 6.
So let see another expression: 3. When you evaluate this expression, you will get the result 3.
A literal is considered an expression because a literal is a type of constant and constants are expressions with a fixed value.
A variable is also considered as an expression because it can be used as an operand within another expression or as an expression by itself.
In software design, composite pattern can be used as a representation of the expression.

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← Canberra truck convoy is about lost freedoms and the totalitarian state
AVN files judicial review to cancel or suspend approval for experimental vaxxes →
Russia will not invade Ukraine
by Alison Ryan
President of Ukraine Reportedly Told Biden to Calm Down the Messaging to Stop Panic
Last Friday, a day after speaking with President Biden, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky reportedly slammed Western powers for creating a "panic" by claiming Russia is planning to invade his country. An unidentified source reported that Zelensky told President Biden to "calm down" the messaging and warned against creating a panic. Two days earlier, presidential advisers from Russia, Ukraine, France and Germany met to discuss the Ukraine conflict and promised to uphold their cease-fire agreement.
In a recent video, Ron Paul and Daniel McAdams reminded listeners that the failed coup in Ukraine in 2014 was led by US Democrats and said the the current provocations against Russia are likely being used as a deflection from Democrats' current domestic policy failures.
They pointed out that the CIA is training Ukrainian troops to kill Russians and the US has supplied weapons and nearly $500 million in taxpayer money to Ukrainian groups.
Ron Paul commented that politicians conveniently leave out the fact that the Russian troops we're being told are encroaching on Ukraine as an act of "aggression" are within Russian borders. Meanwhile, America has troops in about 150 nations around the world, but we don't want that viewed as "aggression."
Posted on February 1, 2022, in Joe Biden, Russia and tagged Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky. Bookmark the permalink. 13 Comments.
Alison | February 4, 2022 at 2:30 pm
By Ambrose Evans-Pritchard – The Telegraph
Putin has ensured Fortress Russia can withstand a long siege
The US has laid out a sanctions strategy but unity with European states is far from evident
Fortress Russia can withstand a very long financial siege by the diminished West, and probably longer than the weakest links in the Atlantic alliance care to endure. Vladimir Putin is an order of magnitude less vulnerable to sanctions than he was after the annexation of Crimea in 2014 … Tim Ash from BlueBay Asset Management says the Kremlin has been methodically constructing a fortress economy able to resist almost anything thrown at it. The budget is in balance. Public debt is below 20 percent of GDP. A system of dynamic stabilizers helps the economy roll with the punches … Russia has eliminated its critical dependency on food imports. It is again self-sufficient in all but beef. Mr Granville says Russia is today a "net foreign creditor to the outside world" with $638bn of foreign reserves, greater than its external debt of $476 billion.
Courtesy: INSTITUTE FOR HISTORICAL REVIEW – http://www.ihr.org/
Source: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/01/27/fortress-russia-can-withstand-longer-economic-siege-west-thinks/
Rod Siller | February 2, 2022 at 5:54 pm
The oil price is up $20 a barrel. If Putin is selling 2M bbl/day to Europe and China, that equates to around $15B USD a year in additional income for Russia.
Biden talks up war to get it on the front page of the newspapers and on the MSM TV screens.
A win-win for the democrats. It the US government buys $500M of weapons to give to Ukraine … that's money to the arms industry which gives donations to the ….. democrats. What did Obama do? Started an uprising in Tunisia, then Egypt then a civil war in Syria. It kept domestic issues off the front page of the news and made the democrats lots of money.
It's all about oil and money and kick-backs.
Alison | February 2, 2022 at 11:10 am
Apologies for a long, but interesting, read>
The US/NATO/Ukraine/Russia controversy is not entirely new. We already saw the potential of serious trouble in 2014 when the US and European states interfered in the internal affairs of Ukraine and covertly/overtly colluded in the coup d'état against the democratically elected President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, because he was not playing the game assigned to him by the West. Of course, our media hailed the putsch as a "colour revolution" with all the trappings of democracy.
The 2021/22 crisis is a logical continuation of the expansionist policies that NATO has pursued since the demise of the Soviet Union, as numerous Professors of international law and international relations have long indicated — including Richard Falk, John Mearsheimer, Stephen Kinzer and Francis Boyle. NATO's approach implements the US claim to have a "mission" to export its socio-economic model to other countries, notwithstanding the preferences of sovereign states and the self-determination of peoples.
Although the US and NATO narratives have been proven to be inaccurate and sometimes deliberately mendacious on numerous occasions, the fact is that a majority of citizens in the Western World uncritically believe what they are told. The "quality press" including the New York Times, Washington Post, The Times, Le Monde, El Pais, the NZZ and FAZ are all effective echo chambers of the Washington consensus and enthusiastically support the public relations and geopolitical propaganda offensive. I think that it can be said without fear of contradiction that the only war that NATO has ever won is the information war. A compliant and complicit corporate media has been successful in persuading millions of Americans and Europeans that the toxic narratives of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs are really true. We believe in the myth of the "Arab Spring" and "EuroMaidan", but we never hear about the right of self-determination of peoples, including the Russians of Donetsk and Lugansk, and what could easily be called the "Crimean Spring".
Often I ask myself how this is possible when we know that the US deliberately lied in earlier conflicts in order to make aggression appear as "defense". We were lied to in connection with the "Gulf of Tonkin" incident, the alleged weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. There is abundant evidence that the CIA and M15 have organized "false flag" events in the Middle East and elsewhere. Why is it that masses of educated people fail to take some distance and question more? I dare postulate the hypothesis that the best way to understand the NATO phenomenon is to see it as a secular religion. Then we are allowed to believe its implausible narratives, because we can take them on faith.
Of Course – NATO is hardly a religion of Beatitudes and Sermon on the Mount (Matthew V, 3-10), except for one typically Western Beatitude — Beati Possidetis – blessed are those who possess and occupy. What's mine is mine, what's yours is negotiable. What I occupy, I stole it fair and square. When we look at NATO as a religion, we can better understand certain political developments in Europe and the Middle East, Ukraine, Yugoslavia, Libya, Syria, Iraq.
NATO's credo is somewhat Calvinistic – a credo for and by the "elect". And by definition, we in the West are the "elect", which means "the good guys". Only we shall have salvation. This can all be taken on faith. As every religion, the NATO religion has its own dogma and lexicon. In NATO's Lexicon a "colour revolution" is a coup d'état, democracy is co-terminous with capitalism, humanitarian intervention entails "regime change", "rule of law" means OUR rules, "Satan Nr. 1" is Putin, and Satan Nr. 2 is Xi Jinping.
Can we believe in the NATO religion? Sure. As the Roman/Carthaginian philosopher Tertullian wrote in the third century AD – credo quia absurdum. I believe it because it is absurd. Worse than garden variety absurdity – it necessitates constant lying to the American people, to the world, to the UN.
Examples? The WMD propaganda concoction in 2003 was not just a simple "pia fraus" – or white lie. It was well orchestrated and there were many players. The sad part is that a million Iraqis paid with their lives and their country was devastated. As an American, I and many others shouted "not in our name". But who listened? UN Secretary General Kofi Annan repeatedly called the invasion contrary to the UN Charter, and when cornered by journalists for clarification, he affirmed that the invasion was "an illegal war". Worse than merely an illegal war, it was the most serious violation of the Nuremberg Principles since the Nuremberg Trials – a veritable revolt against international law. Not only the US but the so-called "coalition of the willing", 43 States ostensibly committed to the UN Charter and to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, deliberately assaulted the international rule of law.
One would think that after one has been lied to in matters of life and death, a healthy skepticism, some degree of caution would set in, that rational people would think "haven't we heard this kind of propaganda before?" But no, if NATO is indeed a religion, we a priori take its pronouncements on faith. We do not question Jens Stoltenberg. There seems to be a tacit agreement that lying in matters of state is "honourable" and that questioning it is "unpatriotic" – again the Machiavellian principle that the supposedly good end justifies the evil means.
Apostasy is one of the problems with any religion. This happens often when the leaders of a religion brazenly lie to the faithful. When people lose faith in the present leadership, they look for something else to believe in, e.g. history, heritage, tradition. I dare consider myself a US patriot – and an apostate from the NATO religion — because I reject the idea "my country right or wrong". I want my country to be right and to do justice – and when the country is on the wrong track, I want it to return to the ideals of the Constitution, of our Declaration of Independence, of the Gettysburg address — something I can still believe in.
NATO has emerged as the perfect religion for bullies and war-mongers, not unlike other expansive ideologies of the past. Deep down, the Romans were proud of their legions, the French grenadiers gladly died for Napoleon's glories, GIs by the thousands applauded the bombing campaigns over Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.
Personally, I view NATO in the tradition of the village bully. But most Americans cannot jump over their own shadows. Emotionally most Americans do not have the temerity to reject our leadership. Perhaps because NATOauto-proclaims itself to be a positive force for democracy and human rights. I would ask the victims of drones and depleted uranium in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Yugoslavia what they think about NATO's pedigree.
Many religions are solipsistic, self-aggrandizing, based on the premise that it and it alone possesses the truth – and that the devil is threatening that truth. NATO is a classical solipsist religion, self-contained, self-serving, based on the premise that NATO is by definition the good Force. A solipsist is incapable of self-reflection, self-criticism, incapable to see others like himself — with strengths and frailties, and possibly with some truths too.
NATO builds on the "exceptionalist" dogma practiced by the United States for more than two centuries. Pursuant to the doctrine of "exceptionalism", the US and NATO are both above international law – even above natural law. "Exceptionalism" is another expression for the Roman slogan "quod licet Jovi, non licet bovi" – that which Jupiter can do — is certainly not allowed for common mortals like us – We are the "Bovi", the bovines.
Moreover, we in the West have gotten so used to our "culture of cheating" — that we react surprised when another country does not simply accept that we cheated them. This culture of cheating has become so second nature to us, that we do not even realize it when we cheat someone else. It is a form of predator behaviour that civilization has not succeeded yet in eradicating.
But, honestly, isn't NATO also a reflection of 21st century imperialism, akin to neo-colonialism? NATO does not only provoke and threaten geopolitical rivals, it actually loots and exploits its own member States — not for their own security—but for the benefit of the military-industrial complex. It should seem obvious to everyone – but it isn't obvious at all – that Europe's security lies in dialogue and compromise, in understanding the views of all human beings living in the continent. Security was never identical with the arms race and sabre-rattling.
According to the mainstream narrative, the crimes committed by NATO over the past 73 years are not crimes but regrettable errors. As a historian – not only a jurist – I acknowledge that we may be losing the battle for truth. It is quite probable that in thirty, fifty, eighty years, NATO's propaganda will emerge as the accepted historical truth — solidly cemented and repeated in history books. This is partly because most historians, like lawyers, are pens for hire. Forget about the illusion that as time passes historical objectivity increases. On the contrary, all the canards that eyewitnesses can debunk today ultimately become the accepted historical narrative once the experts are all dead and can no longer challenge the narrative. Forget declassified documents that contradict the narrative, because experience shows that only very seldom can they overthrow a well-entrenched political lie. Indeed, the political lie will not die until it has ceased to be politically useful.
Unfortunately, many Americans and Europeans continue to buy the NATO narrative – perhaps because it is easy and comforting to think that we are the "good guys" and that the grave dangers "out there" make NATO necessary for our survival. As Julius Caesar wrote in his "De bello civile" – quae volumus, ea credimus libenter. What we want to believe, we believe – in other words, mundus vult decepi – the world actually wants to be deceived
Objectively seen, NATO's expansion and non-stop provocation of Russia was and is a dangerous geopolitical error, a betrayal of the trust owed by us to the Russian people – worse yet — a betrayal of the hope for peace shared by the great majority of humanity. 1989/91 we had the opportunity and the responsibility to guarantee global peace. Hubris and megalomania killed that hope. The military-industrial-financial complex relies on perpetual war tocontinue making billions of dollars in profits. 1989 could have ushered in an era of UN Charter implementation, of respect for international law, a conversion of military-first economies into human security and human services economies, the slashing of useless military budgets and the direction of the liberated funds into eradicating poverty, malaria, pandemics, devoting greater funds to research and development in the health sector, improving hospitals and infrastructure, addressing climate change, maintaining roads and bridges …
Who bears the responsibility for this massive betrayal of the world? The late President George H.W. Bush and the late British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, together with their successors and all their neo-con advisors and proponents of "exceptionalism", together with the think tanks and pundits that cheered them on.
How was this betrayal possible? Only through dis-information and propaganda. Only with the complicity of the corporate media, which applauded Fukuyama's idea of "the end of history" and "winner takes all". For a while NATO reveled in the illusion of being the only hegemon. How long did this chimera of the unipolar world last? And how many atrocities were committed by NATO to impose its hegemony on the world – how many crimes against humanity were committed in the name of "democracy" and "European values"?
The corporate media dutifully played the game by declaring Russia and China to be our sworn enemies. Any reasonable discussion with the Russians and Chinese was and is decried as "appeasement". But shouldn't we look in the mirror and acknowledge that the only ones who should "appease" themselves is us? Indeed, we need to calm down and stop aggressing everybody else – stop both military and information offensives.
If there is a country that cares precious little for the international rule of law – otherwise known as Blinken's "rules-based international order" – it is – alas, my country, the United States of America.
Among the treaties that the US has failed to ratify are the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the ICC Statute, The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Open Skies Treaty, the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on Migrant Workers, the Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights…
At the end of the day we understand that neither Huntington nor Fukuyama got the 21st century right – Orwell did.
Alfred de Zayas is a professor at the Geneva School of Diplomacy and served as a UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order 2012-18.
https://www.counterpunch.org/2022/01/24/nato-as-religion/
Editor, cairnsnews | February 2, 2022 at 10:04 am
Frydenberg has not borrowed a cent. He like all other national governments simply create whatever electronic
currency is needed for whatever scam comes next. We have quite a few articles about money creation. Ed
D Johnston | February 2, 2022 at 10:03 am
In order to reveal the reasoning and TRUTH behind Obiden's propagated false narrative of Ukraine/Russia tensions, one need look no further than back to the Ukraine/Trump corruption investigation into the Obiden family. This involved 'lap top' Hunter's Burisma Holdings and daddy Obiden's subsequent bribery attempt of the Ukrainian government to shut down the investigation. By firing the Ukrainian general prosecutor Viktor Shokin, Obiden thought that would be the end of it. But the Ukrainian government knows where all the bodies are buried. As does Trump. Hence his (failed) impeachment for assisting in the investigation. This investigation; having never ceased, is now nearing boiling point and the net is rapidly closing on Obiden and all his Democrat cohorts. Simple as that.
Joel | February 2, 2022 at 9:42 am
Purely a Stock Market play any seasoned financial person with trading background knowledge that knows fundamental / technically charting analysis coupled with psychology will know this now this was needed to clear some stagnant levels. chaos causes money tranfers.. from the informed to the ill-informed.
kaiwanshou | February 2, 2022 at 2:02 am
"the US has supplied weapons and nearly $500 million in "taxpayer money". I have noticed that many US journalists often mention "taxpayer money". It's true that the USA has a debt of in excess of $40Trillion that also belongs to the US taxpayer. It's just a totally ridiculous inclusion Our politicians have racked up a massive debt that belongs to us taxpayers. I do not recall any politician, anywhere, asking us to allow them to borrow money, yet when they retire they don't have to pay any of it back. They get fantastic retirement benefits. If I borrow money I have to pay it back. I've paid a lot of tax throughout my working life and I have to provide myself with my own retirement benefits as well. How come? I wasn't a politician, that's how come!
Well, one of my former professions was as business consultant and all the businesses I consulted to none of them paid any tax. They all had family trusts or other lurks. Yet all of them complained about how much their workers gave them untold headaches despite the workers paying tax which they never got back!
Then I found out, more recently that the ATO is a private corporation and that our governments are all foreign registered corporations, even the Police are all corporations, the Courts also. My local council is a subsidary corporation of US Gold Mining corporation. It's very easy to find all that online.
So who is paying for all the infrastructure and everything else we must have? We are! Well, not all of us, because your accountant will tell you how to not pay taxes and rates, and utilities.
Oh, by the way, our foreign registered private corporation Federal Government quietly snuck in the "Bail In Legislation", recently!
Malcolm Roberts One Nation man made up the numbers, he crossed the floor to pass the Bill to bring in foreign forces to control us should we need that as decided by our foreign registered governments.
Ukraine and Belarus are states of border tension between Russia and the Visegrad corridor of nations (long history of resisting Russian advances). The Ukraine continually calls for support to reinforce against Russian military presence in the Donbass. And they have to contend with the Russian proxy Belarus and its policies.
The proposed Soviet merger between the EUSSR (which sovereign European nations detest) and the formation of one entity from Lisbon to Vladivostock will not be pretty. But if they achieve Eurasia, it will be the centrepiece of the real NWO.
https://fitzinfo.net/2021/11/13/kremlin-ally-belarus-uses-migrants-and-energy-against-western-europe/
D Johnston | February 1, 2022 at 6:07 pm
This merry-go-round is getting tiresome. This is the final time I will say this….FALSE FLAG. Lying Hilary made sure of obtaining Russian fingerprints with her Uranium One deal which she then fleeced them with. But they'll totally overplay their hand once again because they are just sooooo stupid.
aapkoning | February 1, 2022 at 2:55 pm
Based on history the JuwSA knows it is losing the hegemonic status, and will do anything to maintain status quo. Yes this means starting a war against Russia and China, and all the lackey countries have to follow as well.
Ho hum, another weapons of mass destruction story. The actors are different but the script is ALWAYS the same. You will live in constant fear yet you will be happy.
The jokers behind all the nonsense should be jailed for psychological abuse of their populations..
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ICFO Researchers Image Molecular Bond Breakup
Researchers from the Institute of Photonic Sciences' (ICFO) Attoscience and Ultrafast Optics Group have reported on the imaging of molecular bond breakup in acetylene (C2H2) 9 fs after its ionization.
The team was able to track the individual atoms of the isolated acetylene molecule with a spatial resolution of 0.05 Å and a temporal resolution of 0.6 fs. They were also able to trigger the breakup of one molecule bond and see how one proton leaves the molecule.
Illustration of laser-induced diffraction imaging of a molecular bond breakup in acetylene. Courtesy of ICFO/Scixel.
"Our method has finally achieved the required space and time resolution to take snapshots of molecular dynamics without missing any of its events, and we are eager to try it out on other molecular systems such as chemical catalysts and bio-relevant systems" said Jens Biegert, ICFO professor and research leader.
The team developed a world-leading ultrafast mid-IR laser source and combined it with a reaction microscope to detect the 3D momentum distribution of electrons and ions in full kinematic coincidence. In the experiment, a single isolated acetylene molecule was oriented in space with a short laser pulse. A strong infrared pulse liberated one electron from the molecule, accelerated it on a returning trajectory and forced it to scatter off its own parent molecular ion, all within only 9 fs.
"The flight path and kinetic energy of all collision fragments were recorded with the reaction microscope similar to a big particle physics experiment," said researcher Benjamin Wolter.
The team was able to extract the entire molecular structure and show that orienting the molecule along the electric field of the laser, or perpendicular to it, completely changed its dynamics. In one case, the molecule underwent vibrational motion with the laser field, while in the other case a C-H bond was clearly broken. The experiment is the first direct visualization of bond cleavage and observation of the proton during its departure from the [C2H2]2+ ion, something that has never been seen before.
"We took one electron, steered it along a specific path with the laser and scattered it off an isolated molecule to record its diffraction pattern," Biegert said. "It is mind-boggling to imagine the length and time scales of the experiment. The fantastic cooperation between experimentalists and theorists, atomic physicists and quantum chemists from ICFO, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Center for Free Electron Laser Science/DESY/CUI, Aarhus University, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Leiden University and Universität Kassel made it possible to achieve such feat."
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China is a country of numberless options, with a population accounting for around a sixth of the world's seven billion-plus people, a history of kingdom and empire, and some of the world's most enthralling landscapes and fascinating wildlife. If you're planning a tour to China, here are some 'must-do' sights and experiences:
A marvel to behold, the Great Wall of China is truly one of the world's most awe-inspiring sights. Travel out to a restored section on Newmarket Holidays' 'China – Terracotta Warriors and the Great Wall' tour.
Beijing has seen the rise and fall of dynasties, brutal wars and attempted invasion – and has survived remarkably intact. Step back through time as you enter the Forbidden City, and take in Beijing's modern wonders.
Unearthed by a farmer digging a well, the 6,000-plus lifelike warriors, chariots and horses, buried alongside First Emperor Qin Shi Huang, are amongst the world's greatest wonders. Don't miss Xi'an's ancient Ming walls and Han and Tang Dynasty treasures.
In the heart of their Sichuan province homeland, the endangered much-loved bears can be seen at play and rest in a naturalised environment at the Giant Panda Breeding Research Base. Chengdu is famous for authentic Sichuan cuisine and its ancient teahouses
Time-worn limestone hills, ancient rice paddies and the languid river, with its cormorant fishermen, await visitors to medieval Guilin. Visit the hill of Fubo Shan, with its views of both city and river.
FOOD & DRINK IN CHINA
From snacks bought from street vendors, to full-blown banquets in noisy, formal restaurant, food plays a vital part in Chinese social life.
Although it is possible in all but the most remote locations to find a full range of western and international, as well as 'westernised' Chinese dishes, one of the great pleasures of holidays to China is the discovery of authentic Chinese cuisine.
Contrasts of colour, texture and taste, as well as several distinct regional cuisines, enliven mealtimes throughout any tour of China. Rice and noodles, steamed vegetables, meat – especially duck and pork – and soya bean curd (tofu) are all staples, with specialities like 'bao' buns, bamboo shoots, 'jiaozi' dumplings and breakfast 'dim sum' also widely served.
Traditional dishes such as the authentic 'Peking Duck' in Beijing, spicy Sichuan hotpots, 'sweet and sour', fish and seafood delicacies on the east coast, a wide variety of vegetables, and with dishes influenced by China's neighbours and ancient trading partners, all ensure that your holiday to China is a feast for the senses as well as the eyes.


In that moment, he wanted Sin for Sin—for the quiet of his breath and the unspoken words in his eyes. It was little of physical attraction and everything of emotional. He wanted to just hold Sin without the body needing to be involved other than strong arms and a comforting heartbeat. The reminder of the peace that was so long gone now it felt a lifetime had passed.


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Реферат / Рефераты /category/by/type/referaty Иностранные языки /category/by/type/referaty/inostrannye-yazyki Arcadia
Arcadia — страница 2
while we may be able to make order out of the chaos of our world, our own lives remain unpredictable, but interesting. In the same way, he does not make any neat conclusions about any of the theories presented and leaves it to the reader to make sense of what Stoppard really means. The textual references in the play are both scientific and artistic: Fermat s last theorem and iterated algorithms in Thomasina s primer compared with Chater s inscription in the Couch of Eros and the Picadilly Recreation. Intertextuality is a major element of postmodernism and Stoppard uses this feature heavily, as he appropriates from texts by Newton, Byron and even Hannah s work-in-progress. The existential factor in the play, is very much a post-modern idea and Stoppard juxtaposes it with the
second law of thermodynamics in the endless list of theories and ideas that are paralleled in the play. The existential idea is most dominant when Thomasina dies; we do not feel sorry that she has, because she had fulfilled the most she could in her sixteen years. Throughout the last scene, characters such as Hannah, Chloe, Bernard and Valentine begin to understand the events of the nineteenth century. They begin to discover what Septimus and Thomasina had discovered long ago, along with being able to explain what happen to these characters. Along with new realizations, they also find information that disproves what seemed to be true. An example of this is when Bernard realizes that Mr. Chater had not been killed in a duel but rather by a monkey bite. At this point their story
changes and they are gradually learning more and more. This scene ends with Thomasina and Septimus engaged in a dance on the night before Thomasina's seventeenth birthday. . The curtain closes as both Thomasina and Septimus fluently dance and so do Hannah and Gus, a rather unexpected scene. The last scene is the most confusing and the hardest scene to understand. This is primarily because Stoppard constantly alternates between the two time periods and intermixes dialogue from both. With the use of multiple conversations, the main objective of this scene is to show the viewer the connection between the characters of the nineteenth century and the twentieth century.


Touted to be the first outing of Samantha and Naga Chaitanya after the wedding, 'Majili' movie under the direction of Shiva Nirvana has finally hit the screens on April 5th.
The movie has been doing exceptionally well at the box office and has become a memorable hit in Naga Chaitanya's career which has been running low with back to back disasters lately. In just 10 days, the movie has made a share of 24.98 in the Telugu States and 31.1 crores shares worldwide. The movie has made a gross of 53.3 crores worldwide. It has been 10 days since the release of the film and the movie is inching towards becoming a blockbuster.


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Hawaiian lei is symbolizes for greeting as "ALOHA" and "Love", it's lovely to give Hawaiian lei to someone special in the tradition events and as a gift with a warm ALOHA. These Hawaiian leis can be worn in Hawaiian wedding, graduation, birthday, retirement, it also can be used it for hula dance. Hawaiian flower leis are made in 100% silk, it's durable and reusable.
Flowers and Leaf are made of silk.


Written by Shamsi Saadati on 06 March 2019 .
The US condemned on Tuesday the appointment of a notorious ayatollah, responsible for the deaths of thousands of political prisoners in the 1980s, to head Iran's all-powerful Judiciary.
US State Department's Deputy Spokesperson Robert Palladino tweeted, in both Farsi and English, that the appointment of conservative cleric Ebrahim Raisi was a "disgrace", given that he served on the Tehran Death Committee that sent thousands of political prisoners to the gallows in the summer of 1988.
Ebrahim Raeesi, involved in mass executions of political prisoners, was chosen to lead #Iran's judiciary. What a disgrace! The regime makes a mockery of the legal process by allowing unfair trials and inhumane prison conditions. Iranians deserve better!
Raisi's involvement in the 1988 massacre of 30,000 political prisoners became common knowledge during the 2017 presidential election when Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei backed Raisi as a candidate against incumbent President Hassan Rouhani.
Ultimately, Raisi lost that race, but human rights activists and political observers are worried that Raisi's new appointment will mean that abuses which are commonplace in the Iranian Judiciary, including ignoring due process of law, allowing secret arrests, detentions without indictments and torture in prison, will only get worse.
Raisi, the former deputy prosecutor of Tehran, quickly rose through the ranks of the Regime for his harsh treatment of anyone who disagreed with the Iranian Regime or broke even non-violent laws.
This culminated in his role during the 1988 massacre, which mainly targeted members of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (PMOI/MEK) opposition group, on the fatwa of former Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini.
Khomeini wrote: "As the treacherous [PMOI/MEK] do not believe in Islam and what they say is out of deception and hypocrisy… it is decreed that those who are in prisons throughout the country and remain steadfast in their support for the [PMOI/MEK], are waging war on God and are condemned to execution".
Of course, the MEK's only crime was speaking out against the Regime's repression.
Raisi's appointment as judiciary head by Khamenei was announced on Sunday by judiciary spokesperson, Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei, and he will take office later this week. The head of the judiciary is appointed for a five-year term that can be renewed.
Raisi, 57, replaces Sadeq Amoli Larijani.


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The evolution of the first amendment
Other articles in Issues Related to Religion In On the Origin of SpeciesCharles Darwin proposed that small mutations in plants and animals aggregate over generations, leading to diversity within, and eventually among, species.
The evolution of the first amendment - The Evolution of the First Amendment The first amendment states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Nonetheless, throughout the late s, these early Americans did voice their discontent with the crown. For example they strongly denounced the British parliament's enactment of a series of tax levies to pay off a large national debt that England incurred in its Seven Years War with France.
In newspaper articles, pamphlets and through boycotts, the colonists raised what would become their battle cry: Eldridge,15 The stage was set for the birth of the First Amendment, which formally recognized the natural and inalienable rights of Americans to think and speak freely.
The first Amendments early years were not entirely auspicious. Although the early Americans enjoyed great freedom compared to citizens of other nations, even the Constitution's framer once in power, could resist the string temptation to circumvent the First Amendment's clear mandate.
Before the s, we had no legally protected rights of free speech in anything like the form we now know it. Critics of the government or government officials, called seditious libel, was oftenly made a crime.
Every state had a seditious libel law when the Constitution was adopted. And within the decade of the adoption of the First Amendment, the founding fathers in congress initiated and passed the repressive Alien and Sedition act This act was used by the dominant Federalists party to prosecute a number of prominent Republican newspaper editors.
Kairys,3 When Thomas Jefferson was elected president in they also prosecuted their critics. More than 2, people were prosecuted, and many served substantial prison terms.
Kairys,4 Prior to the '30s, the court upheld seditious libel laws and suppression of speech or writing based on the weakest proof that it could leas to disorder or unlawful conduct sometime in the future, in however remote or indirect a fashion.
Today the First Amendment protects many forms of expression including; "pure speech, expressed in demonstrations, rallies, picketing, leaflets, etc. The First Amendment also protects "symbolic speech" that is nonverbal expression whose main purpose is to communicate ideas.
McWhirter,18 In the case of Tinker v. In and again inthe Court upheld the right of an individual to burn the American flag in public as an expression of disagreement with government policies.
Within the last two years I have seen most of these protected expressions banned in some situations. Some of the more focused issues were fashion and display of art. The right to freedom is being severely tested today, just as it has been throughout the year history of the bill of Rights.
Creationism | The First Amendment Encyclopedia
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The First Amendment be Damned: Evolution and the Threat to Religious Liberty
Governments by nature are always seeking to expand their powers beyond proscribed boundaries, the government of the United States being no exception.
And since the right to free expression is not absolute, it must be constantly protected against official depredations. Today, artistic expression is under attack, as some groups of citizens seek to impose their morality on the rest of society.
Book censorship in the public schools, mandatory record labeling, as well as obscenity prosecutions of rappers, record distributors and museum directors, are all displays of suppression effort.University of Wyoming Wyoming Scholars Repository Fall POLS , Dangerous Ideas: The First Amendment in Theory and Practice Fall Evolution of .
The evolution of the first amendment - The Evolution of the First Amendment. The first amendment states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the.
The interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment up to that time was that Congress could not establish a particular religion as the State religion.
Consequently, the Court held that the ban on the teaching of evolution did not violate the Establishment Clause, because it did not establish one religion as the "State religion.
Commercial Speech and the Evolution of the First Amendment. From Washington Lawyer, September By Elliot Zaret. Citizens United.. Two words that even just sitting there on a line by themselves are likely to ignite passion in a reader.
Evolution & creation. By David L. Hudson Jr., First Amendment Scholar. Updated January The evolution vs. creationism debate has engendered controversy for more than a century, causing an uproar in science, religion and constitutional law.
The Evolution of the First Amendment The first amendment states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.(encyclopedia).
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Years and even remodeling had not changed the old green house. Walking into that well loved home, returned my thoughts to a part of me oft forgotten. There she was, the crinkle in the corner of her eyes when she smiled, the silver in her hair, the gesture of her hand, particular to her alone. It seemed that she never got any older. Perhaps just a mite slower. The last few years had been kind to her, but still, they were adding up.
My grandmother looked up from the chair where she had taken to reading. The door still stuck on one corner, and I still stumbled on that step where they had carpeted right over it all. I smiled then. It was an easy smile. Somehow, it was easy to smile here. The smells of home were all around me, dust and vegetables, some perfume that I had no idea of its brand, and a filled cookie jar. The memories manifested in a hundred singular and distinct scents offered in combination.
My children came in and exploded upon the stillness as a firework in the night sky. Surely they could feel it too. One child, touching the old piano, sent a lone note lingering through the fondly cluttered familiarity of the living room. The next one hugged her Great-grandmother and received the expected kiss. The youngest, always the explorer, rushed off to explore the mystery of the old basement.
How many ghost stories had my aunts and uncles and I told down there? How many secrets were shared under the thick quilts of the tiny downstairs room? The coal furnace down in the basement still grumbled as ever. Though the potato cellar was now just a storage place, I could yet smell the thick rich scent of the indigenous vegetable, the food that was a staple in the lives of my ancestors.
I turned and looked around myself. Each picture in its frame and every book that had been in the same place for decade's spoke to me, and spoke of me. Relatives both living and passed on smiled from behind the glass. The volumes of Greek Mythology that was my companion on long summer afternoons, and Freckles'... who tickled the exploring nature of a youthful self, each in turn whispered their greeting. This house was my center, my returning. I was molded within its walls, and formed by its contents. . . yet more importantly . . . I was born of its love.


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Wolfgang "Wolf" Schröder (* 9. März 1941 in Graz) ist ein österreichisch-deutscher Forstwissenschaftler auf dem Gebiet der Wildbiologie und Jagdkunde.

Leben
Wolfgang Schröder wuchs auf einem Bauernhof in der Steiermark auf. Nach einer land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Ausbildung in Österreich studierte er Wildbiologie und Ökologie in den USA. 1971 wurde er bei Fritz Nüßlein am Institut für Jagdkunde der Forstlichen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen in Hann. Münden mit der Dissertation Zur Ökologie des Gamswildes (Rupicapra rupicapra L.). Ergebnisse der Untersuchung einer Population im Hochschwab (Steiermark) zum Doktor der Forstwissenschaften (Dr. forest.) promoviert. An dem Institut war er als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter tätig, zunächst in Hann. Münden und dann nach dem Umzug der Fakultät kurzzeitig in Göttingen.

Alsbald wechselte Schröder jedoch nach Bayern, wo er die Leitung des Instituts für Wildforschung und Jagdkunde der Forstlichen Forschungsanstalt München erhalten hatte. In Oberammergau richtete er eine Außenstelle des Instituts ein. Gleichzeitig vertrat er am Standort Freising-Weihenstephan der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) die Lehreinheit Wildbiologie und Jagdkunde als Lehrbeauftragter und Universitätsdozent. 1975 habilitierte er sich an der LMU mit der Arbeit Zur Populationsökologie und zum Management des Rothirsches "Cervus elaphus L.". Dargestellt an einem Simulationsmodell und der Reproduktionsleistung des Rothirschbestandes im Harz. Am 1. September 1980 wurde er zum Professor für Wildbiologie und Jagdkunde ernannt. Nach der späteren Umstrukturierung innerhalb der Münchener Universitäten wurde er Extraordinarius für Wildbiologie und Wildtiermanagement an der Technischen Universität München (TUM).

Als erfahrener Gebirgsjäger interessiert sich Schröder sehr für den Lebensraum Hochgebirge. Intensiv forschte er vor allem über Gämse. Zusammen mit Werner Knaus verfasste er das Standardwerk Das Gamswild. Naturgeschichte, Verhalten, Ökologie, Hege und Jagd, Krankheiten, das erstmals 1975 erschien, auch im Ausland durch Übersetzungen Beachtung fand und bis 1983 drei Auflagen erlebte. Schröder beschäftigte sich zudem mit dem Rotwild in der Zivilisationslandschaft und der Wiedereinbürgerung des Steinbocks. Einen weiteren Forschungsschwerpunkt neben dem Schalenwild bildeten die Raufußhühner, und hier speziell Birkhuhn und Auerhuhn.

Schröder war Vorstand der 1977 gegründeten Wildbiologischen Gesellschaft München e.V. (WGM), die jedoch im Dezember 2000 Konkurs anmelden musste. Für deren von 1984 bis 1993 erscheinenden Mitteilungen aus der Wildforschung verfasste er zahlreiche Ausgaben. Zudem wirkte er viele Jahre an der Herausgabe der von seinem Doktorvater begründeten Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft mit und verfasste eine Reihe von Beiträgen für diese sowie andere Fachzeitschriften.

Außerdem engagiert er sich im internationalen Naturschutz, war an einer Studie zu ökologisch verträglichem Skitourismus beteiligt und arbeitet mit Studenten aus aller Welt an Systemen der Nachhaltigkeit. Im Jahr 1983 wurde er für seine Biotopforschungen mit dem Philip Morris Forschungspreis ausgezeichnet.

Schröder war Mitinitiator sowie Teilnehmer an der Gründungsversammlung des Ökologischen Jagdvereins Bayern (ÖJV Bayern) am Hubertustag 1988 und zeitweise dessen Mitglied.

Professor Dr. forest. Dr. rer. silv. habil. Wolfgang Schröder ist verheiratet und Vater zweier erwachsener Kinder.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Zur Ökologie des Gamswildes (Rupicapra rupicapra L.). Ergebnisse der Untersuchung einer Population im Hochschwab (Steiermark), Dissertationsschrift, Göttingen 1971
 zusammen mit Werner Knaus: Das Gamswild. Naturgeschichte, Verhalten, Ökologie, Hege und Jagd, Krankheiten, Hamburg und Berlin 1975 (3., neubearbeitete Auflage Hamburg und Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-33012-9)
 Zur Populationsökologie und zum Management des Rothirsches "Cervus elaphus L.". Dargestellt an einem Simulationsmodell und der Reproduktionsleistung des Rothirschbestandes im Harz, Habilitationsschrift 1975, München 1976
 zusammen mit Wolfgang Dietzen und Ulrich Glänzer: Das Birkhuhn in Bayern, Schriftenreihe Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege (Heft 13), München und Wien 1981 ISBN 3-486-25881-8
 zusammen mit Kurt Zeimentz und Rudolf Feldner: Das Auerhuhn in Bayern, Schriftenreihe des Bayerischen Landesamts für Umweltschutz (Heft 49), München und Wien  1982 ISBN 3-486-21411-X
 zusammen mit Bertram Georgii und Rudolf L. Schreiber et al.: Skilanglauf und Wildtiere – Konflikte und Lösungsmöglichkeiten. Regionaluntersuchung Schwarzwald, Schriftenreihe ökologisch orientierter Tourismus (Band 1), Alpirsbach 1984
 Nationalparkgerechtes Wildtiermanagement. Vorschläge für das WWF-Pachtrevier "Lassacher Alpe" wie auch für den Nationalpark Hohe Tauern insgesamt, Serie World-Wide Fund for Nature Österreich (WWF-Studie Nr. 14), Wien 1994

Außerdem arbeitete Schröder auch an dem von Horst Stern herausgegebenen Buch Rettet den Wald (erstmals 1979 erschienen) mit.

Literatur
 Erhard Ueckermann: Wolfgang Schröder zum Professor ernannt. In: Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft. 27. Jahrgang, Heft 1 März 1981, S. 73,  (PDF-Datei)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Forstwissenschaftler
Sachbuchautor (Jagd)
Hochschullehrer (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
Hochschullehrer (Technische Universität München, Standort Weihenstephan)
Österreicher
Deutscher
Geboren 1941
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Как закрыт или скрыть div через JavaScript без display: none;? Подскажите как закрыт или скрыть div через JavaScript без display: none; ? Или как закрыть div через 5 секунд после открытия?
Например:

A: Приблизительно так

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The most recent debate between Mitt Romney, President Obama and moderated by Candy Crowley perfectly illustrates, in a microcosm, what Romney is up against in his run for president. It's not just that he has to present his side of the issues and then let the people make their mind. No, he has to present them in an unfriendly environment, to an unfriendly interviewer (moderator), and then has to spend his limited time pointing out the disingenuous answers that are given by the President.
I will defend that statement in a second. But, first let me say that Romney acquitted himself very well last night. He had command of the facts and made point after point concerning jobs, the economy, and both our debt and growing deficit. He had Obama constantly trying to defend his record, and I don't think Obama's answers on the economy, or much else, are going to play very well with undecided voters. Both sides are claiming victory on this one, but Obama needed a decisive victory to stop the bleeding. He didn't get it. Like the VP debate of last week, the talk is about Crowley and Obama's deceptive answer, not the issues. Round two to the challenger.
Unfriendly environment; each of these four debates is being held at a university; supposedly neutral territory. But, last night shows, by the cheering (presumably by the students, and not the press) when Crowley "fact checked" on an answer the president gave. The vast and overwhelming majority of our colleges have become indoctrination centers for not only liberalism, but socialism. The fact that attendees could not contain themselves, when "their man" was supposedly vindicated, is proof positive. Why are none of the debates being held at places like Hillsdale College, Grove College, Pepperdine, or even in a non-university setting? Where is it written that the conservative must always be on hostile ground?
Unfriendly reporter: The prime directive of a debate moderator is to stay objective and neutral. Candy Crowley was not that. It started with the second question of the debate. In a debate there is a back and forth. Debater #1 gets the question; Debater #2 gets the last word. In the first question, about Jobs, Romney got the question, and Obama got the last word. On the next question, about gas prices, they went back and forth, but the last response should have gone to Romney. He had to call Crowley on that, and then when she tried to brush him off, talk over her to get his point across. She constantly let the president run over on his allotted time and Obama ended up with 11% more talking time.
While I do predict that Mitt Romney will become the next president of the United States, and I do not think this race is anywhere near decided, after watching this first 2012 Presidential debate, this was the first time that the words "President Romney" actually formed in my mind.
I know that is an odd thing to think this late in the race. But up until now, I really only considered Romney as the Republican nominee. He was just the face I was attaching to the job of removing Obama from office. But, about the time Mitt was interrupting Jim Lehrer, and preventing Obama from ending the segment by mis-stating (polite word for lying) about his tax plan, the words "President Romney" came to me.
Mitt Romney looked presidential. He took control of the debate. He refused to be buffaloed by the moderator. In the first segment, Romney had to remind Lehrer that since Obama started it he got the last word. Then realizing he was not going to get an even hand from the liberal Jim Lehrer, he took control of this situation. That is the attitude I want in a President. That is the kind of tenacity and passion I want to see from the Leader of the Free World.
Then Romney also came across as the man who could bring people together. He touted his record as Massachusetts' governor; working with the opposition majority (87% Democrat he repeated several times) in getting things done. He painted Obama as a dictator shoving his ideas and ways down the American people's throat, and then watching as Obama feebly attempted to claim that ObamaCare was a bipartisan effort and that he listened to ideas from all sides.
Obama looked ill prepared and out of his league. I chalk this up to Obama's own arrogance, narcissism, as well as his coddling by the leftstream media. Romney has had a dogfight for the last eight years to get to where he is. He has had to face down and debate the likes of Newt Gingrich and a constant hostile media. Obama has been treated with kit gloves by most of the press since it was evident that he would beat Hillary for the nomination in 2008. He had no primaries to temper him and his debates with John McCain were against a man who had decided certain topics were hands off. Couple that with Obama's narcissistic attitude that he always the smartest man in the room and this is the result you get.
It was evident how much Obama missed his teleprompter. Without it to feed him his words, he was constantly fumbling around for the right thing to say, stalling with pauses and uh-ums and looking down to either hide his dislike for being there or his contempt of Romney. He came across as petulant and untrustworthy. Obama was on his heals virtually the whole time, defending and parrying. Even when he tired to go on the offensive he sound like a campaign ad and not a man qualified to lead America to the bathroom, let alone out of this economic malaise.
How about RomneyCare? I was dreading that part. Obama was going to shred Romney on passing a bill that many argue is the same as ObamaCare. Romney turned it into a story of bipartisan camaraderie and had Obama wondering what the hell just happened.


I think the best I ever did was around 160 or something. I can bowl a "good" game, then the next game I hardly hit anything.
Germany – two school exchanges, worked there for a year, went there for a friend's wedding, went to a conference.
Switzerland – weekend trip while I was living in Germany.
Republic of Ireland – worked there for four years.
France – three day business meeting. Caught the ferry back to England after living in Germany.
Belgium – drove through the edge of it on the way back from living in Germany.
The Netherlands – one day business meeting.
And last, but not least, as I'm Cornish I am including England!
It happens. Deal with it. Or not.
That's all for this week. Have a great week everyone!
Wow, so what is your excuse for not going to Spain or Egypt? Or the US even?
One of my friends just came back from Spain and said it was quite affordable for a vacation. Now, with your explanation, that makes sense.
Greece sounds more my style with all the ancient ruins and whatnot, but again probably too hot.
True – it can't possibly be melting hot all year round!
I'm with you on the shopping question!
So far, no one has preferred shopping. Maybe you have to be a rich teenage girl in a plush American suburb? You can NEVER have too many parks 🙂 I LOVE Amazon. Two-day free delivery? YES!
Parks in cities can be like a little oasis of calm amid the chaos!
Two-day free delivery? Humph. We get 3-5 day free delivery (unless you're on Prime). Before I decided to buy my house one of my credit cards was just a long list of Amazon purchases and downloads! I've eased off since then.
Reblogged this on arshadul haque.
For someone not well traveled you've been to quite a few places. (Lots more than I have) Your life statement was pretty near perfect.
I thought my life statement pretty much summed it up.
Thanks for sharing this week. I enjoyed reading your answers.
I enjoyed participating! Thanks for posing the questions.
I always used the kids as an excuse to get them to put the bumpers up when I went bowling, that was the only way I could keep all my balls from rolling into the gutter.
I was with a woman with kids at the time and we could use also use them as an excuse for the bumpers!
I have also never been to Spain or Egypt, my Dralifriend!
Your passport is certainly not alone when it comes to the absence of those stamps!!
I love -> deal with it. Or not.
That's pretty much what it boils down to I think!


Eco-Babyz: Green Your Mom Giveaway | Ecocentric Mom | 3 Winners!
Green Your Mom Giveaway | Ecocentric Mom | 3 Winners!
It's that time of year again, everyone scrambling to acknowledge what moms do every day, everything we endure during pregnancy, childbirth, and years of child rearing - often going unnoticed. Although no gift can really make up for all that, it still is nice to receive and to give, isn't it?
We are excited to welcome our readers to the Green Your Mom Giveaway Hop, hosted by Happy Mothering, Easy Green Mom and Brittleby's Corner through the Green Moms Network! Each of the participating blogs is offering a prize package to help you turn Mother's Day GREEN this year! We hope you'll get some great gift ideas and win some great prizes. After entering my giveaway, be sure to hop around and enter all of the other giveaways listed on the linky at the bottom of this post!
We are thankful to Ecocentric Mom for providing three of our readers with an Ecocentric Mom box of their choice! Checkout the box options here and be sure to enter via the Rafflecopter form below.
Be sure to enter the grand prize giveaway with two winners! One winner will receive a pair of two queen sized Nature's Perfect Pillows from Nest Bedding; an Aurorae Yoga Classic Yoga Mat, Sling Backpack and Soy Pledge Candle; a CHEWBEADS Necklace and Stanton Bracelet Gift Set; and 1 subscription box full of eco-conscious products from Yuzen. A second winner will receive an Efy Tal Japanese Cherry Blossom Necklace; 3 Nectar Essences Breathe Me Essential Oil Formulas; 1 subscription box full of eco-conscious products from Yuzen; and a Mighty Leaf Taste of the Tropics Gift Sampler with TeaTop Brew Travel Mug!
This contest will run through May 10, 2014 at 8:59 pm PST (11:59 pm EST). The winner will be chosen the following day and announced on Eco-Babyz. No purchase necessary. US entries only. Must be 18 years or older to win. The sponsors provided me with free samples of these products to review, and I was under no obligation to review them if I so chose. Nor was I under any obligation to write a positive review or sponsor a product giveaway in return for the free product. This promotion is in no way sponsored, endorsed or administered by, or associated with, Facebook. You understand that you are providing your information to YOUR BLOG NAME and not to Facebook. Please note that Eco-Babyz, Happy Mothering, Easy Green Mom, Brittleby's Corner, the Green Moms Network and the Green Your Mom event bloggers are not responsible for sponsors that do not fulfill their prizes. We have represented each sponsor with the expectation they will fulfill their prize and in a timely manner. We will contact the sponsor regarding your prize(s). The sponsors, in most cases, are shipping their items to you directly. I will make every effort to assist you obtaining your prize. If there is an issue with a sponsor, please notify the blog you won a prize from within 4-6 weeks for assistance, after that we may be unable to assist you.
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Left-sided Gallbladder: An Intraoperative Surprise during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Murugappan Nachiappan, Ravi Kiran Thota, Srikanth Gadiyaram
Keywords : Aberrant gallbladder, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopy, Left-sided gallbladder.
Citation Information : Nachiappan M, Thota RK, Gadiyaram S. Left-sided Gallbladder: An Intraoperative Surprise during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. World J Lap Surg 2022; 15 (3):258-259.
Aim: This article reports a case of the left-sided gallbladder (GB) which is more often than not an intraoperative surprise. The knowledge about the entity and associated anatomical variations is crucial to prevent complications. Background: Cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Left-sided GB is an intraoperative surprise. The reported incidence of left-sided GB is 0.04–1.1% of cases. There is an increased incidence of variant anatomy and a 7% incidence of bile duct injury in these patients. Case description: A 29-year-old lady underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. During laparoscopy, the falciform ligament was unusually stretched toward the right lobe of the liver, going to the region where one would normally see the fundus of GB. Hence, an additional 5-mm port was placed mid-way between the xiphoid process and umbilicus to the left of midline, apart from the standard ports. The fundus and the body of the GB were seen to the left of the falciform ligament. While the infundibulum of the GB was anterior and to the left of the hepatoduodenal ligament, distorting the Calot's triangle. We proceeded with the "fundus first" approach and could complete the procedure. Retraction of the fundus toward the right shoulder with a downward and a lateral traction at the infundibulum helped in Calot's dissection. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Conclusion: Left-sided GB is a rare anomaly, most often detected intraoperatively. Use of an additional port and the fundus-first approach helped in successful laparoscopic completion of the procedure. Clinical significance: This case report highlights an intraoperative surprise, a left-sided GB, encountered in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, one of the most commonly performed operations. The knowledge about the entity and the associated variations in critical structure anatomy would be crucial for the surgeons to safely complete the procedure by laparoscopic means.
Nagai M, Kubota K, Kawasaki S, et al. Are left-sided gallbladders really located on the left side? Ann Surg 1997;225(3):274–280. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199703000-00006.
Abongwa HK, De Simone B, Alberici L, et al. Implications of left-sided gallbladder in the emergency setting: retrospective review and top tips for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2017;27(4):220–227. DOI: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000417.
Printes TRM, Rabelo ÍEC, Cauduro JF, et al. Left-sided gallbladder (LSG) associated with true diverticulum, a case report. AME Case Rep 2020;4:26. DOI: 10.21037/acr-20-55.
Wong LS, Rusby J, Ismail T. Left-sided gall bladder: a diagnostic and surgical challenge. ANZ J Surg 2001;71(9):557–558. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1622.2001.02195.x.
Lee DH, Kim D, Park YH, et al. Clinical significance and characteristics of left-sided gallbladder: case series study of 10 patients. Ann Surg Treat Res 2019;97:302–308. DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.97.6.302.
Zoulamoglou M, Flessas I, Zarokosta M, et al. Left-sided gallbladder (Sinistroposition) encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a rare case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017;31:65–67. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.01.011.
Nagendram S, Lynes K, Hamade A. A case report on a left-sided gallbladder: a rare finding during cholecystectomy. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017;41:398–400. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.004.
Saafan T, Hu JY, Mahfouz AE, et al. True left-sided gallbladder: a case report and comparison with the literature for the different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for such anomalies. Int J Surg Case Rep 2018;42:280–286. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.12.029.
Idu M, Jakimowicz J, Iuppa A, et al. Hepatobiliary anatomy in patients with transposition of the gallbladder: implications for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1996;83(10):1442–1443. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800831037.
Zografos GC, Lagoudianakis EE, Grosomanidis D, et al. Management of incidental left-sided gallbladder. JSLS 2009;13(2):273–275. PMCID: PMC3015934.
Velimezis G, Vassos N, Kapogiannatos G, et al. Left-sided gallbladder in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a single-center experience. Am Surg 2015;81(12):1249–1252. PMID: 26736163.


Tea has been around for centuries. Tea-bags though are a surprisingly recent innovation, yet today account for 90% of the tea market in the United States and 96% in the United Kingdom. For the increasing number of consumers that don't want plastic with their tea – sustainable tea is possible – from tea-bags to tea packaging!
From when it became popular as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to today when it is perceived as one of Britain's iconic cultural beverages, tea lovers around the world will agree, life looks better with a nice cup of tea! A nice up of tea with a side of plastic? Not so much.
Tea is sold either as loose tea leaves or packaged in tea bags. The fact that there is plastic in tea bags wasn't well known and didn't become an issue of consumer concern until 2017 when Mike Armitage, a gardener in Wrexham in the United Kingdom, found that tea bags left a plastic residue after being composted. An estimated 165 million cups of tea are drunk in Britain each day, with many tea brands using polypropylene – a heat-resistant plastic sealant – to help tea bags keep their shape.
Pukka Herbs has replaced their polypropylene adhesive with cotton thread, resulting in an entirely compostable tea bag.
The petition that the composting gardener from Wrexham started urging Unilever to remove plastic from their PG Tips tea bag production quickly gained traction with more than 200,000 people signing it.
In January 2018, Co-op Food became the first retailer to find a solution to the problem of plastic waste caused by the Britain's favorite beverage, announcing that they were removing plastic from their own brand 99 tea bags in conjunction with their supplier Typhoo. In February 2018, PG Tips too switched to tea bags that did not contain plastic.
Cotton comes to the rescue as a proper alternative to the plastic sealant. Pukka tea has begun sewing their tea bags shut with cotton thread as a means of avoiding polypropylene.
Tea lovers want a sustainable and guilt-free brew from the product – be it loose leaf or in a tea bag – to package. The petition started by Mike Armitage secured home compostable tea bags as an option from major brand owners, but the issue of composability of the packaging, home or industrial, largely remains.
As is so often the case, smaller brands offer great use-cases and innovative inspiration. Arbor Teas in Ann Arbor, MI, were early adopters of sustainable and compostable packaging, and were the first company in the United States to offer their full line of organic loose teas in home compostable packaging.
Because of greater variation in moisture and temperature, backyard composting environments have historically not been able to break down industrially compostable packaging materials, such as corn-based plastic cups and take-out containers. However, since the material in Arbor Teas' packages requires a less optimized environment for biodegradation, it can be composted at home, meaning that tea drinkers were for the first time able to compost their tea leaves AND tea packaging together in their home composting systems!
The home compostable packaging used by Arbor Tea is lighter than the company's preceding packaging (paperboard tube and kraft bag), with the result that they were able to reduce the weight of their packaging materials by more than 60%, while also increasing the amount of tea contained in each package. According to the company website, Arbor Teas packages now contain 27% more tea than they did previously. The result? More tea and less packaging!
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Ashbee Trophy winner Ivan Provorov is poised for greatness
It started with Jimmy Watson, grew to prominence with Mark Howe, flourished with Eric Desjardins and maintained excellence with Kimmo Timonen.
The Flyers' long tradition of developing great defensemen has been around since the days of the Broad Street Bullies and it just might have found its newest successor to the throne.
Ivan Provorov, the 23-year-old soft-spoken Russian, took home his second Barry Ashbee Trophy as the team' most outstanding defenseman on Thursday, which perhaps signifies he's ready to join the ranks of the aforementioned greats.
And why not? He's talented at both ends of the ice, having led the Flyers' D-corps in goals (13) and points (36); plus he led all NHL backliners with seven power-play goals.
Durability? He's played in 315 straight games, which is tied for third in Flyers' history. His 24:51 minutes of ice time per game were nearly three more minutes than the next Flyer and eighth among all NHL blueliners.
"It's just a great honor. There are a lot of great defensemen that have played for the Flyers and have won this in the past," said Provorov, who also won the award his rookie season in 2016-17.
Desjardins tops the list of Ashbee winners with seven, including six straight from 1994-95 to 1999-2000.
Timonen stands second on the list with five honors over a period from 2007-08 to 2013-14. One of the players to edge him out for the award during that span was Hall of Famer Chris Pronger.
Howe, considered by many the greatest defenseman in Flyers' history, won four Ashbee Trophies, including three straight from 1985-86 to 1987-88. During that time frame he twice was a finalist for the Norris Trophy for best defenseman in the National Hockey League.
Watson was an NHL All-Star who took the Ashbee twice, in 1975-76 and 1977-78. Only a back injury which ended his career prematurely kept him from achieving full greatness.
No doubt the addition of former Stanley Cup winner Matt Niskanen helped Provorov in a big way this season. Plus the trust he built with head coach Alain Vigneault proved to be a factor as well.
"I think overall this year, our defense is a lot better,'' Provorov said. "We're defending as a five-man unit, the forwards are back-checking so it allows us to step up and get the puck back faster."
The Yaroslavl, Russia, native made his NHL debut on Oct. 14, 2016, and, as mentioned, has not missed a game since.
Shayne Gostisbehere has won the Barry Ashbee Trophy twice as well, including his rookie year, and appeared to be on his way to an outstanding career as well.
But a series of debilitating injuries has slowed his progress the past couple of years. If he can get healthy again, he might be able to get back on track.
Provorov was a first-round pick (seventh overall) in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft. His name first popped up on the international stage in 2015-16 as a member of the Russia team which won the U20 World Championships. He also helped the Brandon Wheat Kings win the Western Hockey League that season and he was named the WHL defenseman of the year.


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Oil edges up on upbeat data, Middle East unrest
Investors remained cautious despite news of the US strikes in Iraq and Syria against an Iran-backed militia group, even as US officials warned "additional actions" may be taken. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures rose 4 cents to $61.76 a barrel by 0800 GMT. The US benchmark is up about 36% so far this year.
Singapore: Oil prices held on to three-month highs on Monday, underpinned by optimism over an expected China-US trade deal and upbeat industrial data, while traders kept a close watch on the Middle East following a US airstrike.
Investors remained cautious despite news of the US strikes in Iraq and Syria against an Iran-backed militia group, even as U.S. officials warned "additional actions" may be taken. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures rose 4 cents to $61.76 a barrel by 0800 GMT. The US benchmark is up about 36% so far this year.
Brent crude futures were at $68.33 a barrel, up 17 cents, or 0.3%. The international benchmark has risen around 27% in 2019. "(Trading) has been relatively flat due to lack of market participants in the holiday season," said market analyst Margaret Yang of CMC Markets.
"Oil prices have reached their highest level since the Saudi oil field attack in Mid Sep, and thus traders are also cautious about profit-taking possibilities," she added. Tensions in the Middle East have flared up as the United States carried out airstrikes on Sunday in Iraq and Syria against the Kataib Hezbollah militia group, while protesters in Iraq on Saturday forced the closure of its southern Nassiriya oilfield.
US officials said the airstrikes were in response to the killing of a U.S. civilian contractor in a rocket attack on an Iraqi military base were successful, but warned that "additional actions" may still be taken.
Iraq`s oil ministry said the production halt at the Nassiriya oilfield will not affect the country`s exports as it will use the additional output from southern oilfields in Basra.
Elsewhere, Libyan state oil firm NOC said it is considering the closure of its western Zawiya port and evacuating staff from the refinery located there due to clashes nearby. Oil prices were also supported by declining U.S. crude stocks, which fell by 5.5 million barrels in the week to Dec. 20, far exceeding a 1.7-million-barrel drop forecast in a Reuters poll.
As for China, its factory activity had likely expanded again in December on stronger external demand and an infrastructure push at home although the pace of growth is set to ease as markets await more certainty on a U.S.-China trade truce, a Reuters poll showed.
China`s Commerce Ministry said it is in close touch with the United States on the signing of a long-awaited trade deal. The two countries on Dec. 13 announced a "Phase one" agreement that reduces some U.S. tariffs in exchange for what U.S. officials said would be a big jump in Chinese purchases of American farm products and other goods.
Oil priceMiddle EastChina-USOil rates
170,000 violations against children since beginning of decade: UNICEF