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Skeletons in the Closet of Hasidism
By Lawrence Grossman • Friday, February 11, 2011
Popular demands for transparency in our institutions and the availability of technological means to achieve it have made it hard to keep secrets. This has affected the conduct not only of government and business but also of religion. In the Jewish community, repeated revelations of scandal—financial, sexual, or otherwise—have especially tarnished the reputation of right-wing Orthodoxy, whose relative insularity had kept from public scrutiny a steady accretion of questionable behavior.
Scandal in the Family Yair Sheleg, Haaretz. David Assaf's book about figures and episodes out of the past history of Hasidism carries clear implications for the movement's present and future as well. (2006)
Particularly ingrown, and therefore highly susceptible to self-serving versions of reality, are the many sects that make up the movement of Hasidism, each professing devotion to a charismatic and presumably infallible "rebbe" and his dynastic successors. Indeed, ever since its obscure beginnings in late-18th-century Ukraine, accounts of Hasidism have constituted a kind of battlefield of clashing opinions, with proponents and enthusiasts representing the movement as one thing and antagonists, both within traditionalist Judaism and without, as something else altogether.
So it was no surprise that a Hebrew book about skeletons lurking in the hasidic closet should have elicited a fiercely polarized reaction when first published in 2006. Israeli secularists and rationalists welcomed the book as a telling exposé of a cult built on anti-intellectualism, intolerance, and power-hunger, while those Hasidim who became aware of the book's existence painted it as but the latest installment in a 250-year campaign of anti-hasidic lies and defamations. Actually, it is neither. As its recently released English version, Untold Tales of the Hasidism, attests, the book is instead a careful piece of detective work whose author, David Assaf, a professor of modern Jewish history at Tel Aviv University, has undertaken at great pains to disentangle truth from myth.
At Assaf's disposal stand both the traditional tools of the Jewish historian—in this case, published and unpublished accounts from Jewish, Russian, and Polish sources—and newly available archival records in formerly Soviet countries. The leading hasidic figures who emerge from his pages resemble neither the metaphysical kabbalists described by the historian Gershom Scholem, nor the charming humanists conjured up by the religious philosopher Martin Buber—nor, certainly, the flawless and spiritually transcendent figures of movement legend. They are far more interesting.
As Assaf defines the challenge facing him, hasidic writers themselves begin with the assumption that "our forefathers, the leaders of their generations, are in paradise, and their honor is sacrosanct." Official accounts therefore censor, delete, airbrush, and explain away in the interests of producing "history as it should have been." Presenting six case studies of controversial episodes, Assaf proceeds to lay out their hasidic interpretations, juxtaposing these with alternative accounts and sifting the contending evidence to arrive at a considered judgment of what most likely happened.
Separate chapters treat the contrasting careers of two hasidic rebbes: the Ukrainian Akiva Shalom Chajes, who lived in the mid-19th century, and Menachem Nahum Friedman of Romania (1879-1935). The former, who began as an outspoken enemy of Hasidism, turned into an enthusiastic supporter; was the motivating factor heartfelt conversion, or the prospect of a rabbinic pulpit? The latter managed to function as an old-style rebbe even while writing and preaching a kind of "modern" Orthodoxy, open to secular thought and Zionism and opposed to fanaticism; why? Two other chapters deal with controversial episodes: the fall from a window of the charismatic leader known as the Seer of Lublin (a physical acting-out of his unsuccessful effort to bring the messiah, the result of drunkenness, or, perhaps, a suicide attempt?) and the vicious physical persecution of Bratslav Hasidim at the hands of other hasidic groups (was it because, in defiance of sectarian norms, they refused to name a new rebbe after the death of their founder, or did their pacifism invite aggression?).
Most riveting are the first and final chapters, both of which illustrate the sometimes tragic difficulties involved in the generational transmission of dynastic hasidic leadership. In the first, Assaf deals with the allegation that Moshe, a son of Rabbi Shneor Zalman of Liady, the founder of Chabad Hasidism, converted to Christianity. This is an old story, widely bruited about by 19th-century maskilim ("Enlightened" Jews) to account for Moshe's mysterious disappearance from the scene. The charge was consistently denied by Chabad, which explained the disappearance in ways suggesting great spiritual strivings. Buttressed by a baptismal certificate filed in Ukrainian archives, Assaf pieces together the truth: Moshe, who since childhood had intermittently suffered from some form of mental illness, did indeed convert to Catholicism in 1820, and probably died in a mental hospital soon afterward. (Chabad spokesmen have responded to Assaf's revelation by claiming that the certificate was forged or that Moshe had been tricked into a sham conversion.)
In the final chapter, we learn about an astounding and previously unknown letter written in 1910 by Rabbi Yitzhak Nahum Twersky of Shpikov, scion of a renowned hasidic family, to the secular Yiddish writer Yaakov Dinezon. In it, Twersky, on the eve of his marriage to the daughter of the Belzer rebbe, complains that, as a rebbe's son, he has been forced to suppress his ardor for truth and beauty, culture and good taste, being stuck instead in a "tiny, ugly world" of "hallucinations and nonsense," "boorishness, . . . wretchedness, and ugliness." Only his upcoming marriage, he writes, which looms like a kind of death sentence, could have prompted this "confession of my tortured, afflicted soul."
The aftermath of this private thunderclap? Assaf reports that the marriage in fact turned out well, and that Twersky, whatever his inner torments, ably performed his functions as a rebbe until the Nazis killed him and his family at Belzec in 1942.
In sum, and notwithstanding the bifurcated polemical reactions to its Hebrew original, Untold Tales is not an exercise in scoring points either against or for Hasidim. Rather, Assaf, who is careful not to generalize about the movement as a whole, brings to the fore a gallery of actual, flawed human beings caught between a demanding familial religious tradition encompassing all aspects of life and the modern values of freedom and individuality. Of course, for most Jews today, the very notion of a binding tradition has been rendered so obsolete that the agonizing inner turmoil of Assaf's Hasidim is more likely to arouse curiosity than empathy. But for Orthodox Jews and others who retain a commitment to the transmission of past wisdom and religious commandment, with whatever modulations today's dilemmas and opportunities may have imposed, the conflicts that beset this book's protagonists are bound to resonate.
As for those who still adhere to the principle that religious authority trumps intellectual honesty, Assaf's remarkable detective work suggests that, one way or another, cover-ups will eventually be uncovered.
Lawrence Grossman is the editor of the American Jewish Year Book.
Tags: Arts & Culture, Conversion, Faith & People, History, Jewish Thought, Medieval Thinkers, People & Places, Religion, Religious Life
Ben Plonie on February 11, 2011 at 9:09 am (Reply)
I think your headline is too sensational for the balanced content of the article. The only skeletons in the closet of Hasidism is that Hasidim are human beings. They aim at demanding ideals and naturally most fall short in their various ways, although hardly ever to the point of such dysfunction as is implied.
No one can dispute their right to educate and train new generations in their lifestyle of choice, but in my opinion they would be stronger and more effective by institutionalizing a period of cultural (if not theological and ideological) freedom at the age of maturity as the Amish do, to commit or not as a personal choice with no hard feelings.
Bernard Yablin on February 12, 2011 at 4:54 pm (Reply)
In my community(Rochester,NY,)Chabad has an established reputation for community and personal care.


In June, we leveraged the peer60 research platform to explore the dynamics between Epic and ChipSoft in the Dutch EPR market. Peer60 made it easy to conduct rapid research over roughly a two week period, receiving responses from 24% and 19% of these two suppliers' customers, respectively. In the study, we asked for feedback in benchmarking both tangible and intangible value-adds with both suppliers and discovered some interesting trends. Some of the insights stands as confirmation of already held beliefs, but we uncovered other insights that may come as a surprise to some stakeholders.
There's an interesting contrast when participants were asked what title had the greatest influence in the buying decision. Which titles tend to go with ChipSoft and which always veer toward Epic?
Has the financial outlook improved after implementation? One supplier's customer base is more confident than the other's.
It looks like both ChipSoft and Epic users are progressing with their Gartner Generation models, but they're each going about it in a different way.


After Paul and Silas came out of the prison, they went to Lydia's house, where they met with the brothers and sisters and encouraged them.
Paul and Silas met with the believers and ENCOURAGED them. The reason that passage is noteworthy is because of what happened the day before. Paul and Silas encountered the slave girl who had a "spirit of divination" and made money for her owners by telling fortunes. She began following Paul and those who were with him everywhere they went and continually shouted, "These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to you the way of salvation." This went on for several days until Paul became so annoyed that he finally turned to slave girl and commanded the spirit to come out of her… in the name of Jesus Christ.
When her owners realized they had lost this source of income, they seized Paul and Silas, dragged them into the town square and before the local authorities, made false accusations against them, and incited the crowd against them. Then the authorities had them beaten with rods and according to some Bible translations, Acts 16 verse 23 says they were also severely flogged.
Of course we know what flogging entails because of what Jesus endured prior to being crucified. Paul and Silas suffered the same sort of wounds as Jesus. They probably had multiple, deep lacerations on their backs and sides. We've all fallen and scraped our knees and elbows and when does it usually hurt the worst? It's usually worse the day after, when the wounds begin to get irritated and scab over. So there's no doubt in my mind that these men were in great pain. On top of that they would have been weakened from the loss of blood. Yet according to the scripture, after their release from the prison, they went to Lydia's house and offered encouragement to the believers. There's only one word I can think of to describe something like that: DEDICATION.
As many times as I've read the book of Acts, I never noticed that before. I never noticed how Paul and Silas went to Lydia's house probably less than 24 hours after being beaten and severely flogged, and in spite of their wounds which no doubt were very painful, they preached and taught and shared the gospel of Jesus Christ. So that raises a question. How dedicated to Jesus are we? How dedicated are WE to sharing the gospel? Are we dedicated enough to share the gospel in the midst of enormous pain? I don't know about you, but if I had been flogged and beaten like that, I'd be looking for some pain killers. I'd be looking for a place to hole up until I had healed and fully recovered. I'd tell myself that I could go back to preaching the gospel……..after taking time off to heal. And I don't think there's anything wrong with that. But the fact that Paul and Silas didn't take a few days off to heal before going to Lydia's house to encourage the other believers speaks to their incredible dedication to Christ.
So again, how dedicated are we when it comes to sharing the gospel? It's not likely that many of us will ever be made to suffer the sort of cruel pain as Paul and Silas, though the Bible does leave open that possibility. We may or may not have to endure that level of pain but most of us will, at some point, have to suffer through something. It could be the physical pain of an injury or illness. It might be emotional pain or psychological trauma. Pain of any kind can distract us from sharing Jesus Christ. My wife and I have been greatly distressed these past few months as we await the outcome of our custody case involving our granddaughter. I can speak from personal experience when I tell you that it is difficult at times to fight through that emotional pain and share the light of Jesus Christ with other people. When we go through pain, physical or emotional, all you want to do is focus on the source of the pain. And sometimes, we just want to shut down until the pain is gone. I'm sure Paul and Silas were grinding it out. They were fighting through the pain. But as great as their pain must have been, their love for Christ was greater.
So how dedicated are we? We'd do well to remember Paul and Silas' example. Though their pain had to have been worse than anything we can imagine, they were focused on something far greater than themselves. And that's our lesson. No matter how small or great our pain may be, God is greater. I repeat, no matter how small or great our pain may be, whether it's physical or emotional pain, God is greater. And because the Spirit of God lives in all Christians the moment we ask Jesus to come live in our hearts, we can call on God and ask Him to give us the strength we need to help us fight through our pain and stay focused on Him. And once we do that, no one should ever be able to question our dedication.


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Lady Gaga to release fourth single, 'Hair,' a week before Born This Way's release: Still anxious for the full album?
By Brad Wete
Updated May 10, 2011 at 05:12 PM EDT
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Usually, when an artist is gearing up for the release of their album they'll give us two singles—one months before it drops, and one just shy of release to spur excitement. Obviously, Lady Gaga's far from usual. And the roll-out for her forthcoming Born This Way, due May 23, reflects as much.
After debuting the title track last February around Grammy weekend, followed by second single "Judas" weeks after, and promo single "Edge of Glory" days later, MTV reports that Gaga will let "Hair," another uplifting cut from Born This Way, loose on May 16.
There are 14 tracks on the standard version of Way. By the time it comes out, we'll have heard four them. Though it's not half, that's a chunk. It seems as if Gaga's trying to assure us that Way is worth the hype. Sure, "Born This Way" spent more than a month at No. 1 on the Billboard hot 100 chart; but "Judas," which peaked at No. 10 on the chart, has already receded to No. 20 in its third week.
With the "Judas" video out now and at some 15 million-plus views, there's a chance it'll jump back up. But the initial fall must be startling for someone used to the top spot—so here comes more music. Thankfully, as Billboard notes, those who have purchased all of the Born This Way singles can use iTunes' Complete My Album feature to buy the full-length at a reduced price.
But what does that mean for you, the buyer? Do you see Gaga's overload of singles as a sign that she is confident of the album overall and the unheard monster jams? Or do you think it's a strategic move to combat a shaky start? Do you plan on buying the entire album in two weeks? Let us know in the comments section.
Follow the Music Mix on Twitter: @EWMusicMix
Read More on EW.com:
Lady Gaga releases new single 'The Edge of Glory': Listen here
Lady Gaga to mentor 'American Idol' Top 4 contestants. Bring the drama!
Lady Gaga debuts 'Judas' video: Watch it here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Volume 21 Supplement S3: Proceedings of Microscopy...
Solving the Controversy of Earth's Oldest Fossils using...
Solving the Controversy of Earth's Oldest Fossils using Electron Microscopy
David Wacey ,
Martin Saunders ,
Charlie Kong and
Martin Brasier
David Wacey
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Martin Saunders
The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Charlie Kong
The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 21 , Supplement S3: Proceedings of Microscopy & Microanalysis 2015 , August 2015 , pp. 2091 - 2092
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761501123X[Opens in a new window]
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2015
[1] Schopf, JW, Science 260 (1993). p. 640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[2] Brasier, MD, et al, Nature 416 (2002). p. 76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3] Schopf, JW & Kudryavtsev, AB, Gondwana Research 22 (2012). p. 761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4] Wacey, D, et al, Precambrian Research 220–221 (2012). p. 234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5] The authors acknowledge funding from the European Commission and the Australian Research Council, and also acknowledge the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility.Google Scholar
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Simpson, Fergus 2017. The longevity of habitable planets and the development of intelligent life. International Journal of Astrobiology, Vol. 16, Issue. 3, p. 266.
Gomes, Amanda L. S. Becker-Kerber, Bruno Osés, Gabriel L. Prado, Gustavo Becker Kerber, Pedro de Barros, Gabriel E. B. Galante, Douglas Rangel, Elidiane Bidola, Pidassa Herzen, Julia Pfeiffer, Franz Rizzutto, Márcia A. and Pacheco, Mírian L. A. F. 2019. Paleometry as a key tool to deal with paleobiological and astrobiological issues: some contributions and reflections on the Brazilian fossil record. International Journal of Astrobiology, Vol. 18, Issue. 6, p. 575.
Köhler, I. and Heubeck, C. 2019. Microbial-mat-associated tephra of the Archean Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB), South Africa: Resemblance to potential biostructures and ecological implications. South African Journal of Geology, Vol. 122, Issue. 2, p. 221.
Volume 21, Supplement S3
David Wacey (a1) (a2), Martin Saunders (a2), Charlie Kong (a3) and Martin Brasier (a4)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761501123X


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Making the News: The Impact of COVID-19 on International Research Partnerships
Alma Analytics bX campusM Community Content neutrality COVID-19 DAM & Preservation Developer Network ELUNA Esploro Higher Education IGeLU Leganto Librarianship Library Discovery Linked Open Data Mobile Campus Open Platform Pivot Primo RapidILL RefWorks Research Rosetta SFX Summon Teaching and Learning Training Ulrichsweb
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COVID-19 Higher Education Research
Sarah Richardson, Group Editor, Research Professional News
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge of research into coronaviruses, as researchers across the world try to understand both how today's pandemic can be battled, and how a similar crisis could be prevented in future.
But despite the pandemic's global nature, a paper published last month in the journal PLOS One has highlighted a concerning drop in the participation of developing nations in such research.
Caroline Wagner, a researcher at Ohio State University in the US, and her colleagues studied data on more than 10,000 published articles and preprints on coronaviruses, including COVID-19 and the previously known SARS and MERS viruses.
As we report on Research Professional News, the research into published articles revealed a trend towards smaller partnerships involving researchers from fewer countries, and less participation in the field by developing countries. Authors from these countries were involved in producing only 11 per cent of articles since COVID-19 emerged, compared to 15 per cent before.
Speaking to Research Professional News, Wagner, who is the Milton and Roslyn Wolf chair in international affairs at Ohio State University, said that the trend towards smaller collaborations made sense in the context of the urgency of research and restrictions on travel, as researchers would tend to turn to established partnerships.
"When you're rushing to get something out you need to work with people you already know because it's harder to communicate at a distance—you don't know a person's voice inflections, their facial features," she said. But a trend towards narrower research partnerships raises important questions over access to vital coronavirus research.
Open sharing of papers and data is one way of addressing this problem. As Wagner put it: "The challenge is to ensure broader, more equitable dissemination of knowledge, so that's where I see a call to action."
There is already a real danger that the narrowing of partnerships to the exclusion of researchers from developing countries will be exacerbated as the world moves through the current crisis.
The prospect of deep recession in the Global North has already put the future of funding for research partnerships with the Global South under pressure—in the UK, researchers are bracing in expectation of cuts to two research funding programs paid for through the country's overseas aid budget.
Meanwhile, similar economic pressures in the Global South have already led South Africa's government, for example, to announce cuts of 16 percent to its science department's budget this year, provoking outcry from the nation's researchers.
Today's biggest challenges—health, climate change, population pressures—affect all nations, and the research capacity of the Global South is vital to tackling them.
These early warning signs should be of concern to researchers—and research policymakers—the world over.
COVID-19 Global News Round Up
Here are the other stories making headlines in COVID-19 research policy and funding, from our team of journalists at Research Professional News.
More than 150 countries could join a global initiative for equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, the World Health Organization has announced.
A global group of funders has outlined principles meant to guide support for R&D into both COVID-19 and future pandemics—focusing in particular on places with fewer resources.
Scientists around the world are downbeat about their post-coronavirus careers, according to a flash survey by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, with women concerned in particular.
Senior Democrat senators published a $25 billion plan that aims to ensure all US citizens can get access to a safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19.
US President Donald Trump has provoked widespread criticism from global leaders in health and academia by formally notifying the United Nations that he would withdraw the US from the World Health Organization.
The European Commission has praised governments over their use of EU cohesion funding to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. And the Commission is offering up to €100,000 to set up innovation partnerships that aim to aid the economic recovery of EU regions and industries hit hardest.
The European Commission has launched a manifesto for COVID-19 research, asking organisations and individuals—in particular beneficiaries of EU grants—to make their results accessible and usable.
The Europe PMC online platform for accessing life-sciences research papers has begun offering access to the full text of COVID-19 preprints—papers that have not yet been peer-reviewed or accepted for full publication.
Organisations representing young researchers and universities have published updates setting out areas of ongoing concern stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, and potential future developments that need to be planned for.
The European Parliament has called for the EU to do more to protect public health in its member countries in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, including by supporting more joint health research.
Universities have urged the EU to help them develop equitable programs that blend on-campus and virtual learning as they prepare for a future shaped in part by the pandemic.
Funders UK Research and Innovation and the National Institute for Health Research have jointly invested £4.3 million in six projects aimed at explaining and mitigating the disproportionate death rate from COVID-19 among people from black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds.
The chair of an influential data analytics group has called for urgent access to data from the early stages of the UK COVID-19 epidemic to plan for a potential second wave of infections in winter.
The government's chief scientific adviser has admitted that the government's Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies "definitely made a mistake" on transparency in the early days of the pandemic. Meanwhile, top scientists have blasted the UK government's approach to testing and over-reliance on modelling in the early stages of the pandemic.
At least 13 universities are at risk of going bust without a personalized government bailout, while COVID-19 losses across all universities could reach around £19 billion, according to an analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies.
Cancer Research UK has announced plans to slash its annual research expenditure following the "devastating impact" of COVID-19 on its fundraising income.
The independence of government scientific advisers must be preserved, a member of the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies has said.
An influential group of MPs has called for tuition fees to be scrapped for some nurses rushed into the fight against COVID-19 and for "much larger" bursaries to be introduced.
Australia is facing a long-lasting economic crisis as a result of COVID-19 impacts, and universities must prepare graduates for a difficult and uncertain job market, federal education minister Dan Tehan has said.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the flaws of corporate university systems that have encouraged an aggressive pursuit of international students and cuts to full-time teaching staff, according to a statement by a group of regional university academics.
Australia's state and federal governments should promote the country's universities as "open for international students" in 2021 as part of a national COVID-19 recovery plan, a Melbourne academic policy think tank has said.
The University of Wollongong has reached agreement with national and state unions over a two-year job-saving plan that would defer salary increases and rule out forced redundancies.
The University of New South Wales in Sydney is to axe 493 full-time jobs to meet a $370 million budget shortfall caused by the impact of COVID-19 on international student enrollments.
Budget cuts caused by the coronavirus pandemic will have an "enormous impact" on research in South Africa, the head of the country's universities umbrella organization has said.
South Africa's pandemic budget cuts—including thousands of postgraduate and PhD grants, hundreds of research grants, and the National Science Week—were unveiled in a marathon parliamentary committee session on 15 July.
South Africa's National Coronavirus Command Council must seek the advice of researchers and scientists so the COVID-19 response does not impede progress on other diseases affecting the country, the national academy has warned.
The annual Science Forum South Africa will not be cancelled because of the coronavirus epidemic, the minister of higher education, science and technology has said.
The coronavirus pandemic will have a "substantial impact" on South African universities, with infrastructure projects especially vulnerable, the higher education minister has said.
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Breaking Language Barriers By Building a Community
Potencia co-founders share insight into the development of their non-profit organization & words of wisdom for social entrepreneurs.
An English-language learning service for refugees and immigrants in the Medford/Somerville area, Potencia was first developed as an Innovation Sprint during the M.S. in Innovation & Management program and has grown into an early-stage venture making an impact on real people across the local community. Potencia's co-founders, Amanda Wang and Jun Hyung Yoon, recently visited Tufts Gordon Institute to share some insight into the development of their non-profit organization & the bright future in store for both their students and their team.
Getting to Know Potencia
First of all, what is Potencia?
Amanda: We specifically want to leverage the power of the community to provide an accessible, affordable, and effective English service for refugees and immigrants.
How frequently does Potencia offer English-language learning classes?
Jun: We have about 20 – 21 classes throughout the week.
Amanda: It's about four to five classes each day, and each class contains one tutor with one or two learners.
What countries do your current learners come from?
Amanda: Over 90% of our learners are from Brazil, so they are Portuguese speakers. Others are from El Salvador, Argentina, and China.
How is the curriculum developed?
Amanda: At the beginning, we used an old curriculum from one of our partners, the Refugee Immigration Ministry. Just based on that curriculum and many other ESL resources, we've developed our first curriculum prototype that we're adapting to use in our class. We collect feedback from the learners and the tutors, so we keep developing the curriculum.
Jun: We will be focusing more on setting the foundation for new ideas to spring up. We want to encourage tutors to be the leaders of their classes, and at the same time, they can share with other tutors. I want them to feel more accountable and also feel more rewarded with their own initiative in running the class, rather than relying on us.
How is the students' growth measured?
Jun: Initially, we did not know how to measure learners' improvements. Because they come from a very basic level, we might see how much change has happened. Now after talking with advisors, we have started to look into international measurement standards for English proficiency levels. We want to see how we can apply this kind of measurement into our own context, which is more survival-oriented.
How does Potencia find tutors?
Amanda: We use flyers around campus, which turned out to be a great way to attract students. Also, one of our advisors, Professor James Intriligator, helped us post a message in the Tufts 2021 Facebook group. Students were looking for some interesting things to spend time with, so we got more interest. We also talked to our friends and people we know in the community to see if they would be interested in teaching immigrants and refugees.
Jun: The tutors are volunteers at this point. We are always aware that there should be some incentives because they are investing their precious time. We want to continue to develop ways to recognize their commitments. If they complete five classes, they get a t-shirt and they get their profile posted on our website and social media. Starting from next year, we're also thinking to reward them with gift cards they can use to buy textbooks. Our next plan would be talking to some businesses that are interested in giving gift cards or other in-kind donations so that we can reward our tutors.
Do tutors need to know how to speak the learners' native language?
Amanda: Since we encourage [the learners] to think in English, the tutors don't have to know a second language, which also expands our pool of tutors. They don't really need another language to facilitate the teaching process because they use body language, show pictures, and draw stuff with our curriculum.
How do the logistics of scheduling class work?
Amanda: It all depends on the learners' availability. It's a weekly schedule with different time slots. If a new learner comes to our service and says they want to take the class, we will tell them the slots that we have available tutors. If they can't come to any of those, we would help by telling the tutor to come on that day instead. We are also developing a mobile app, so it will be a more automatic process.
Jun: Facilitating scheduling would be the primary focus of the initial development of our mobile app. We do want to expand to different functions where our learners can review and practice materials at home and for our tutors to keep track of their teaching progress.
Behind the Scenes into the Business & Brains of Potencia
How did you come up with the idea of English-language services?
Jun: During an interview with Mary Truong, the Executive Director of the Massachusetts Office for Refugees & Immigrants, we found that there are 17,000 people on the waitlist for the state-run English program. At this point, there's no estimated time of how long it takes [to get off the waitlist], but it could take two years. So, I thought this was a great starting point.
Does Potencia have any competitors?
Amanda: We do have competitors, like English learning mobile apps like Duolingo and Rosetta Stone. There are also other English service providers for refugees and immigrants like English at Large, the YMCA, and the International Institute of New England. They all have ESL (English as a Second Language) classes, but we don't think of our 'competitors' as people we need to compete with. We'd rather seek out partnerships with [them] to cause a bigger impact for our community because we share the same goal and mission. We just want to help refugees and immigrants.
Jun: A collaboration for a common cause. [The organizations we've talked to] have shown interest that they want a strategic partnership in the future, which means that when we grow to a scalable number, we can catalyze bigger impact.
What are some goals that you have for Potencia in the future?
Jun: I see two main goals. One is to make language services accessible to refugees and immigrants that enter into a new country. Secondly, through Potencia, we want to encourage more social entrepreneurs to take initiative to solve causes that they're really passionate about. We want to provide this as a good model for inspiration.
How do you envision expanding Potencia's reach?
Jun: We want to expand across Massachusetts within the next two years, the east coast by the next three years, and nationally by the next five years.
Amanda: We're still in Medford and Somerville, so we might expand to downtown [Boston] because more resources will be concentrated.
Jun: That itself will be a huge project because Boston is a huge place for potential customers.
Amanda: Lowell and Worcester [also] have a lot of immigrants and refugees. Both of their local governments pay high attention to this issue and are very supportive.
Jun: I'm actually currently working at the state's Office for Refugees and Immigrants. Although we are at an early stage now, in the future, I believe there is a lot of room for collaboration.
Would you consider teaching languages other than English?
Jun: Yes! Because we are customer-driven, we are more of serving the people rather than focusing on what our service or product is. If there is a different need in different countries with different languages, then this service will be tailored for customers.
Did the M.S. in Innovation & Management program prepare you for success with Potencia?
Amanda: Everything I learned from the MSIM program is so helpful. Everything we learned from class, like marketing and finance, we're still using every day. Now we apply the principles to our daily operations. The whole community here, the people have really good hearts and they give you their support. They don't care too much about themselves, but they care about you. As Kevin [Oye, Executive Director of Tufts Gordon Institute & Director of the MSIM program] said, 'high brain, low ego' really helps us a lot in thinking about problems and putting ourselves into the customers' shoes.
Jun: The greatest gift from the [Innovation] Sprint is the team. I think if everyone in the cohort was given individual projects, then this synergy would not have happened. Innovation Sprints gave us a space where we can learn from each other, complement each other, make something together. I think that the possibility that the Sprint has given for people to unleash their potential, that's the critical achievement of the Sprint project.
How was participating in Tufts Entrepreneurship Center's Ideas Competition earlier this semester?
Jun: The result was better than we expected! After the pitch and the Q&A sessions, we got a lot of points to think about what we had missed. I think the result was a reward for a lot of the manual work we've been doing.
Amanda: Because we're a part of MSIM, we have the mindset to participate in different competitions, to test out our ideas, to hear feedback from the judges, and to get some coaching. Whenever there is a competition that we can fit in, we try to apply. We think competition is a good way for us to advocate our service to the people around us. Even if we don't get an award from the competition, [other] people who participate will still be able to hear our idea and they might get interested. That's how we started thinking about the Ideas Competition. It turned out to be great, which is a plus. [The funding] will help us with mobile app development because we have to pay the developer.
What's your favorite part of your work?
Amanda: For me, it's the marketing part of Potencia because marketing for this sector is different from for-profit business marketing. Before starting Potencia, I already had an interest in marketing. I design flyers, posters, and social media posts. I send emails and use MailChimp and HubSpot to do all of the automation. I think that's really fun because I can do whatever I want to achieve the goal of attracting people, making people have greater awareness of what we are doing, and conveying the message of our mission to tutors and the people in the community. It's very rewarding because I can see people reacting to my emails or social media posts and showing their interest in this business.
Jun: My favorite part is seeing and feeling the positive changes that are happening for our learners and our tutors. I still vividly remember most of our learners when they first entered into 574 Boston Avenue; they could not even look into our eyes. They just seemed lost on how to approach this issue. Through the learning process, they are now very confident that they can even make sentences to deliver their expressions. All these changes we see definitely are inspirational. We recently asked our tutors to reflect on what they learned and felt through Potencia. One of our tutors said that they've seen the world differently through Potencia. Some [tutors] have decided to pursue careers as educators with the lessons learned through the Potencia experience. When I see the positive influences that this can bring, I feel like this is a great thing.
Words of Wisdom for Social Entrepreneurs
Amanda: Believe in what you're doing. If you want to do something for society because you believe there's the need, then you should just keep doing things that can contribute to your goal. Social impact is sometimes a bit harder than doing a for-profit [project] because people will always ask you, "How do you make money? How can you be self-sustainable?" If you put those noises aside and just focus on what you really want to do, you will figure out a way to make this real and self-sustainable. If you really believe in this, you can do it. It's not about talent or the money you have in your pocket. It's just your persistence.
Jun: When it comes to social enterprise, focusing on the problem is most important. It all starts from there. The solution will depend on how the problem is approached. Going deeply into problem identification and analysis would be critical for the future of a social business. Secondly, I think coming up with a great question is as important as getting to the right answer. When you try to approach this issue, things constantly change. Keep testing. Keep meeting with people, talking with potential customers. These are very important processes to actually find the right path.
Amanda: Don't be afraid to fail. Just be fearless. In entrepreneurship, or even in life in general, the more you fail, the more you learn. As a social entrepreneur, you have one failure every day and that's very common. But every day, you will learn so much. So now I'm really used to failures, but I no longer feel stressed about that. It's normal and it's actually good for your self-development.
If you're interested in getting involved, tutoring, or taking classes, visit the Potencia website for more information.


text:
Q: What exception type should I use? I'm writing a program that will perform matrix operations, and I'm trying to figure out what kind of exeption I should use in case of invalid dimensions.  Is there some exception type that already exists that would be acceptable for my operations to throw; or should I implement my own exception type?  I know that pretty much any exception type would do what I want, but the issue is making sure that the exception actually describes the problem that caused it.

A: The closest fit for what you are looking for is the IndexOutOfBoundsException. You can use it as-is, or derive your own MatrixIndexOutOfBoundsException exception from it.

A: Like others say, you probably don't need to. But since customer is always right - You should create your own exception type.
Here's a related SO question though : Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Matrix is singular

A: You can throw an IllegalArgumentException(String message) with the message describing that the matrix dimensions are not suitable for what are you trying to do.
For example you should throw such an exception if your library users are trying to call a method that works only on nXn matrices with a nXm matrix argument.

A: If You can use your own exception. then Your own exception should extends java.lang.RuntimeException or subclass of RuntimeException.
RuntimeException is unchecked exception. You should use unchecked exception in this case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations is an umbrella organisation of Haredi Jewish communities in London, and has an estimated membership of over 6,000. It was founded in 1926, with the stated mission "to protect traditional Judaism", and has an affiliation of over a hundred synagogues and educational institutions. It caters for all aspects of Haredi Jewish life in London, and operates mainly in the suburbs of Stamford Hill, Golders Green, Hendon, and Edgware.

Activities
The Kedassia kashruth organisation
UOHC is responsible for the management of the Beis Brucha Mother & Baby Home, which provides short-term care for mothers and new-born babies after childbirth.
North London Chevra Kadisha
North West London Chevra Kadisha
Beth Din for litigation in Stamford Hill and Golders Green
Beis Horo'o (advice centre for questions of Jewish Law)

Rabbinate
The spiritual leadership of UOHC is in the hands of its rabbinate, led by the Av Beis Din. Its first head was Rabbi Avigdor Schonfeld. He was succeeded by his son, Solomon Schonfeld, who also founded the Jewish Secondary School Movement.

From 1955 to 2000, the Av Beis Din was the posek, Rabbi Chanoch Dov Padwa. He was succeeded in 2000 by the present incumbent, his son, Rabbi Ephraim Padwa. In addition to the Av Beis Din, the following people serve as members of the rabbinate: Rabbi Sholom Friedman, Rabbi Zev Feldman, Rabbi Shlomo Freshwater, Rabbi Yisroel Meir Greenberg, Rabbi Aharon Dovid Dünner, and Rabbi Joseph Padwa. Members of the rabbinate are often styled "Dayan".

The Rosh Beis Din was Rabbi Josef Hirsch Dunner until his death in 2007. Josef Dunner named his son, Rabbi Ahron Dovid Dünner, as his desired successor to the post.
The executive committee of UOHC, however, resolved to discontinue the title of Rosh Beis Din, leaving Rabbi Ephraim Padwa as the sole rabbinical head of the UOHC.

Lay management
The lay management is its executive committee, elected triennially by the UOHC, whose members are appointed by the constituent synagogues.

Controversies

Free Leah
In January 2023 Leah a Agunah died while still being chained to her ex husband, the UOHC refused to issue a Siruv because 1: He would be unable to go to Shul 2: He wouldn't listen anyway.

Neturei Karta funding controversy
In July 2006, The Jewish Chronicle wrote that the UOHC's accounts appeared to show it had given a London-based charity associated with Neturei Karta more than £58,000 in grants. This prompted some members of the Hendon Adath Yisroel Synagogue to review its affiliation with the UOHC. The synagogue resolved to remain affiliated.

Sexual abuse scandal

In October 2012, a blog post appeared on the blog If You Tickle Us which suggested that Chaim Halpern, rabbi of a UOHC synagogue and a member of the UOHC rabbinate, was accused of inappropriate sexual conduct. It later became clear that the accusation was of sexual impropriety with around thirty women that came to him for counselling. A group of London rabbis and religious judges issued a statement stating that the rabbi was "not fit and proper to act in any rabbinic capacity", a decision reached after "extensive investigations, including interviews with alleged victims", and the rabbi was forced to resign from all public positions, including his position on the Beth Din.

After accusations of attempting a whitewash, and a growing fear among the UOHC that Golders Green synagogues would secede from the union in protest at its handling of the case, the union expelled the rabbi's synagogue from the union. However, the union later retracted its expulsion, saying it was the result of a  "misunderstanding". One synagogue left the union because its "lack of willingness or ability" to deal with the issue was "a matter of great embarrassment". The saga exposed deep divisions between the Haredim in Golders Green, whose local rabbis attempted to remove the rabbi from all positions of authority, and those in Stamford Hill, whose Jewish community is predominantly Hasidic.

Position on child abuse
In 2013, a Channel 4 exposé secretly filmed the head of the UOHC, Ephraim Padwa, instructing a person claiming to have been sexually abused as a child not to go to the police, as it would violate the prohibition of mesirah. Subsequently, a spokesman for Padwa doubted the credibility of the alleged victim, claiming the allegations had already been dismissed by social services as "malicious". The Union denied claims that it did not deal with such allegations seriously, and on the eve of the broadcast of the Dispatches episode, it announced the establishment of a child protection committee.

References

Jewish community organizations
Jewish religious organizations
Orthodox Judaism in London
Haredi Judaism in the United Kingdom
Judaism and sexuality

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Wholesale Wooden Stirrers used in hot coffees & other beverages. Wooden coffee stirrers from wholesale direct delivered Australia wide to Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne and Perth.
Wooden Stirrers has multi-purpose use, such as arts and crafts, waxing, for cafes & espresso bars to stir hot coffees & other beverages. Also known as 'paddle pop sticks', coffee mixer are the least expensive stirring implement.
Our wooden stirrers are food grade quality, pesticide free, dust free, odour free and have a smooth surface that will not splinter if used correctly. Coffee stirrers are made from renewable materials, so the environmental impact is minimal.


The KOHLER Bold Design Awards is a design competition for leading Architects and Designers in India. There has never been a better age for Indian design and architecture in India than now Indian professionals are building an impressive repertoire of models for contemporary design, creations and projects implemented not just in India but abroad The KBDA stands to recognize this talent.
This year the award ceremony will be held in Mumbai, India and will celebrate the region's most outstanding projects in the design industry. This competition serves as a platform to showcase tomorrow's best talents in the field of design and innovation. A jury of renowned international and Indian architects and designers will select the most outstanding projects. The awards ceremony is in November 2018.
The Golden Pencil isn't made of wood and lead but of steel and gold. And while it may not draw on paper it certainly draws the line between the ordinary and the sublime. Instituted to celebrate the vision of the brilliant few designers and architects who see more in a brick than just a brick, the Golden Pencil seeks to recognize the finest Indian talent which has redefined how one marvels at spaces and set a higher benchmark. Whose vision can inspire others, their work define a culture and their creations recorded as great historical events. It's one pencil they will all want to pick up when their masterpiece is done.
Raj Rewal is an Indian architect and urban design consultant who studied architecture in New Delhi and London. His humanist approach to architecture responds to the complexities of rapid urbanisation, the demands of climate, cultural traditions, and building crafts and technologies. His built works comprise a wide range of building types, including the Nehru Pavilion, the Scope office complex, the Central Institute of Educational Technology, the World Bank building, the National Institute of Immunology, the Parliament Library, and the Asian Games Village, all located in New Delhi, India, as well as the Ismaïli Centre in Lisbon, Portugal. Mr. Rewal's commitment to housing is also central to his built works. In 1989, Mr. Rewal was awarded the Gold Medal of the Indian Institute of Architects, and the Robert Mathew Award of the Commonwealth Association of Architects; in 1993, he was presented the Mexican Association of Architects Award, and is also the recipient of the Great Masters Award of the JK Trust. Mr. Rewal's works have been widely exhibited and published, with monographs in English and French; his most recent publication is entitled Humane Habitat at Low Cost. Mr. Rewal was a professor at the New Delhi School of Architecture and Planning, and has taught and delivered lectures at universities in Asia, America, and Europe.
Instituted in 2016 as a biennial event, the Kohler Bold Design Awards is a platform by Kohler India, to acknowledge and celebrate truly exceptional work done by Indian architects & designers. The Jury panel includes some of the most renowned personalities in the field of architecture and design from India and abroad.


text:
Shafique and Haq give Pakistan solid start after England's 657
Pakistan's Abdullah Shafique (R) and teammate Imam-ul-Haq gesture as they walk back to the pavilion at the end of the second day of the first cricket Test match between Pakistan and England at the Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, in Rawalpindi on December 2, 2022. (Photo by Aamir QURESHI / AFP)
Pakistan's openers got among the runs on a placid pitch Friday as they took the home team to 181 without loss in reply to England's mammoth 657 in the first Test in Rawalpindi.
At close on day two, Imam-ul-Haq (90) and Abdullah Shafique (89) were approaching hundreds when umpires called stumps with 17 overs remaining.
The home team still need 277 runs to avoid the follow-on.
The pitch was again unresponsive to bowlers as the England attack, led by James Anderson, toiled in the same manner as the home side earlier.
Shafique was lucky to survive a confident caught behind appeal by Ollie Pope off a rising delivery. Although umpire Joel Wilson gave a soft signal for out, television official Marais Erasmus overruled it.
Haq, who scored a century in each innings on the same pitch in a Test against Australia in March, pushed spinner Jack Leach for two to complete 1,000 runs in his 17th Test.
Shafique, who also scored a hundred against Australia in the March test, cracked two boundaries to reach his fifth half-century in his eighth Test, highlighting his rapid progress.
Haq followed suit soon after, taking a single off Joe Root for his fifth half-century.
Earlier, resuming at 506-4, England added 151 runs in 125 minutes, with Harry Brook taking his overnight score of 101 to 153 — one of four centurions in the innings.
Skipper Ben Stokes (41), debutant Liam Livingstone (nine) and Brook were all dismissed by pacer Naseem Shah, who finished with 3-140.
Leg-spinner Zahid Mahmood conceded 235 for his four wickets — the most by a bowler on a Test debut.
"I bowled my heart out," he said later, adding that he thinks the pitch could take spin on day four and five.
Brook admitted it would be difficult to bowl a side out twice on the wicket.
"It would be tough to get 20 wickets, but we will definitely give it a crack," he said.
"When we were batting it started to get a bit lower… hopefully, Stokes can figure out a plan to get wickets."
England's total is their highest against Pakistan in all Tests, improving on their 589-9 at Manchester in 2016.
On Thursday England became the first team to score 500 runs on the opening day of a Test match, bettering Australia's 112-year-old record of 494-6 against South Africa in Sydney.
Zak Crawley (122), Ollie Pope (108) and Ben Duckett (107) were the other centurions in the innings.
The three-match Test series is England's first in Pakistan for 17 years, having declined to tour in the interim because of security fears.
Here are more stories related to cricket.
Thanks to Saqlain Mushtaq's mysterious allure, Pakistan achieves victory
Test match between Pakistan and India after 16 years?
Teenager Ahmed demolishes Pakistan as England poised for 3-0 whitewash
Stokes: England skipper hails 'special' win in Pakistan
South Africa in control after India win, Pakistan keep hopes flickering
Haq
Shafique
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Santa Fe, NM – A bill to protect consumer rights and public health passed the House Judiciary Committee today. House Bill 511 imposes penalties for lying to inspectors or falsifying data related to the quality of drinking water. Owners and operators of drinking water supply systems could be charged with a felony if they knowingly provide false information to the New Mexico Environment Department.
Currently, it is not a crime to make false statements or falsify data relating to water quality. Last year, thousands of Farmington-area residents were under a boil-water advisory for months after regulators said the local water system had provided false water quality data to the New Mexico Environment Department, leading to severe illnesses and damage to washing machines and water heaters.
A previous House bill attempting to criminalize falsifying water quality data was blocked by Republicans from advancing to the floor. HB 511 next moves to the House Floor.


Anyone that uses Unity knows how useful the Asset Store is. Recently I've made a few packages and submitted it to the asset store just to see what happens. Surprisingly, they're not doing too bad! I currently have 2 packages on the Asset Store.
Just thought I'd share what I'm working on. Can't wait till next Ludum Dare!
I wasnt going to do LD because i have finals next week and i need to study… then I decided studying is for loser. Also ive never been so unpreparred for something that requires so much preparation. Hope i do well!!


text:
Search vancouversun.com
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It's our duty to help the needy
And so this is Christmas -- And what have you done
Shelley Fralic
Dec 29, 2007 • September 24, 2008 • 4 minute read
Canuck Place hospice Photo by Vancouver Sun Files /Vancouver Sun
And so this is Christmas
And what have you done
It's our duty to help the needy Back to video
Another year over
And a new one just begun.
If John Lennon's intent was to shame the world with his sharply political lyrics to Happy Christmas (War Is Over), or at the very least remind us all, deep in the flush of seasonal satiation, that life isn't all that rosy at this time of year for so many others with whom we share this planet, then the long dead, but forever socially sensitive Beatle most certainly succeeded.
And then some.
Lennon's is a song that, when it comes on the radio while you're driving back from the mall, Boxing Day packages piled high in the back seat, forces you to take instant stock of your life, to examine that pang of conscience that reminds you how lucky and spoiled and overfed you are, and -- here's the rub -- perhaps not as grateful as you should be for all that you have.
It's not so much about feeling guilty over personal good fortune, for most of us have worked hard for what we have, as it is a profound sense of awareness that we have a duty to help others less fortunate.
It's a feeling that grows stronger, and stays longer and means more, as we age, as our children grow and our grandchildren are born and as that which we thought was so important turns out not to be, because despite the inculcation of capitalism, life isn't about the pursuit of possession, but about being loved and healthy and safe, and knowing that those around you, family and strangers alike, are loved and healthy and safe.
You might call it the Christmas conscience.
Some choose to give back in quiet ways, donating what they can to their church or favourite charity.
Maybe it's to the young couple down the street struggling to feed and clothe their children.
Others, preferring the hands-on approach, roll up their sleeves and scoop steaming mashed potatoes onto plates down at the mission, or use their holidays to build houses and schools in poverty-stricken or war-ravaged Third World countries.
Businesses, large and small, also get in on the act, donating goods and collecting charitable funds at their cash registers.
Others volunteer in cancer wards and recreational centres and daycares and seniors' facilities, selflessly giving of themselves to their communities all year long.
Because when the charitable bug bites, it often goes far beyond the spirit of the season.
When The Vancouver Sun Children's Fund was created in 1981, the brainchild of then Sun publisher Clark Davey, no one would have guessed what it would become.
Davey's idea was simply this: Let's use the power of our printing press, and our talented staff, to not only inform our readers about the needs of disadvantaged children in our communities, but to raise money to help those children live better lives.
In the 26 years since, Vancouver Sun readers have turned that little idea into a formidable charity that has collected total donations of $9.5 million, much of it during our annual in-paper Christmas fundraising campaign.
As per our mandate, we put aside several million dollars in endowment funds to earn interest in perpetuity and to date, have issued grants totalling $6 million to 835 children's charities all over British Columbia.
Most of those grants have been less than $10,000, given to non-profits for everything from summer camps for disabled kids to subsidies for children living in poverty.
But we've also issued several large cheques, specifically two in the early 1990s to help kick-start both the Canuck Place hospice and the KidSafe program for at-risk inner city children.
In 2008, we are once again looking for a project that will benefit from a sizable single grant -- in this case, $500,000.
The $500,000 Legacy Grant has been the focus of our 2007 Christmas campaign, and my colleague Gillian Shaw has joined me in writing stories over the past few weeks about non-profit organizations that desperately need that money to help children with physical, social and mental problems.
We've also talked to child development experts, and researchers, seeking their learned advice, and will be writing more about their ideas, and yours, for the $500,000 Legacy Grant in the new year.
With another Christmas behind us, it seems appropriate that we thank you, our readers, for what the Children's Fund has become.
For 26 holiday seasons, you have come through for our kids, and then some.
And a Happy New Year
Let's hope it's a good one
Without any fear
For weak and for strong
For rich and the poor ones.
If John Lennon hoped those words would shake us from the complacency of seasonal excess and open our eyes and ears and hearts to the problems around us, then that's one happy Beatle up there in rock and roll heaven.
The Vancouver Sun Children's Fund is humbled by your Christmas spirit, and your continuing generosity.
sfralic@png.canwest.com
Shelley Fralic is chair of The Vancouver Sun Children's Fund, and invites your ideas for The $500,000 Legacy Grant, at childrensfundlegacy@png.canwest.com
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I have not seen this error yet and cannot seem to resolve by myself.
Isadora could not start recording because of an unexpected error. (-5000) I have tried restarting and different output and recording settings.
Thank you Skulpture, saving to a different location did solve the issue.


text:
function enumeration(values) {
  if (!Array.isArray(values))
  {
    /** @cut */ basis.dev.warn('basis.type.enum constructor expected array but got ', values, '. Wrapping into array');
    values = [values];
  }

  if (!values.length)
    throw new Error('basis.type.enum constructor expected non-empty array but got empty.');

  var transform = function(value, oldValue){
    if (values.indexOf(value) !== -1)
      return value;

    /** @cut */ basis.dev.warn('basis.type.enum expected one of values from the list ', values, ' but got ', value);

    return oldValue;
  };

  transform.DEFAULT_VALUE = values[0];

  transform['default'] = function(defaultValue){
    if (values.indexOf(defaultValue) === -1)
    {
      /** @cut */ basis.dev.warn('basis.type.enum.default expected one of values from the list ', values, ' but got ', defaultValue, '. Ignoring default value');
      return transform;
    }

    var transformWithDefaultValue = function(){
      return transform.apply(this, arguments);
    };

    transformWithDefaultValue.DEFAULT_VALUE = defaultValue;

    return transformWithDefaultValue;
  };

  return transform;
}

module.exports = enumeration;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
3.7 miles from Stretford, UK-O6
Tatton Old Hall
Stretford, Cheshire East
Females should beware the spirit of a poacher named Tom, said to have a nasty reputation as a drunk and cruel person; he usually will target female guests and employees. A woman named "The Matriarch" is seen accompanied by a young girl, and in the spinning room, crying is frequently ...
10 miles from Stretford, UK-O6
10.7 miles from Stretford, UK-O6
Spirits of the Civil War
The Stork Inn
Billinge, England
A cavalier was murdered in the cellar and has been reported in the men's washroom. Guests report hearing his footsteps as well. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Hartford Hall
Hartford, Cheshire West and Chester
Before being converted into a hotel, it was a nunnery. Either here or at a local abbey was the site in which a nun was bricked behind a wall; she's here and terrifies the visitors. One guest reported seeing a smoke-like figure holding a Bible. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
The Lion and Swan
Congleton, Cheshire East
In Room 20 and the rooms by it, guests have awoken to freezing conditions and hear scratching and banging. In the cellar, a child is heard crying. Some guests will experience a sense of dread out of nowhere. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
The Old Hall Hotel
Sandbach, Cheshire East
The site of this building was once a manor that was destroyed in fire; numerous guests awaken early in the morning because they have a sensation that the hotel is burning down. Two preteen prostitutes have been heard giggling and move objects around. In the Bar and Lounge, keep an ...
Knowsley Hall
Knowsley, Merseyside
Butlers dressed in Victorian clothing are said to be on the premises as well as phantom cars that are seen in the front. The most well-known ghost here is a woman with black eye sockets believed to a banshee. She is said to roam the grounds of the location early ...
Stretford, England
Croxteth Hall
Recent security footage captured a figure in the bushes; the identity of it is said to either be Hugh William Osbert Molyneux, the 7th Earl of Sefton or William Philip Molyneux, 2nd Earl of Sefton (both are said to haunt here). Inside the building, a child is seen in the ...
Speke Hall
There are ghosts that reside here including the White Lady, a ghost gardener from the 19th century, a priest, and a cavalier known to interact with visitors. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Samlesbury, Lancashire
The ghost of Dorothy Southworth, nicknamed The White Lady, roams this location and is said to slap visitors on the back of the head. Many photographs have also captured disembodied faces. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Haunted Battlefields of the South
Thomas Freese Bryan Bush
Weird Encounters: True Tales of Haunted Places
Weird USA
Haunted Asylums, Prisons, and Sanatoriums: Inside Abandoned Institutions for the Crazy, Criminal & Quarantined
Stretford, Lancashire
The main spirit here is that of Dorothy Southworth, referred to as the White Lady, seen in the corridors and halls. The bloodstains of an executed priest also reappear in the same place even though he died in the 16th century. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Newsham Park Hospital
Newsham Park Hospital used to be an orphanage before it housed the sick. It now lays abandoned, but photographs and investigations have picked up the presence of a child upstairs. The building is said to have an oppressive atmosphere and visitors should expect the sounds of someone running or dragging ...
The Gaumont Cinema
A woman who died during a game of bingo is said to remain here hoping to claim her reward and a man who hanged himself behind the screen is also reported. Bizarre shadows and lights are a common sight here. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Saint James Mount and Gardens
The ghost of William Huskisson is reportedly seen limping around his mausoleum (he was the first man to be killed by a locomotive in 1830). Other ghosts are seen here in various portions of the cemetery. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Liverpool, England
A caretaker named Les slipped on the icy roof and broke his leg, later dying of exposure to the cold. Whenever unaccountable events occur, figures show up in photographs, noises are heard, or something is seen, the saying is: "It must have been Les". (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Epstein Theater
Numerous suicides are said to have happened here. One figure seen here is a man who broke his neck (more often seen in the dressing rooms); his appearance usually signifies bad luck or tragedy about to occur. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
James Street Railway Station
A ghostly soldier is seen at the station and even riding between stations at times. He is said to have a WWI outfit and thin moustache. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Rowton Moor
Christleton, Cheshire West and Chester
In 1645, the Battle of Rowton Heath claimed the lives of countless. Royalist leader, Lord Bernand Stewart, died in the conflict and has been seen on horseback ever since. William Lawes, a court musician who also died in the battle, is still said to play his music. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Haunted Places: The National Directory
Dennis William Hauck
Haunted Cemeteries Across The USA
Mersey Tunnel
Stretford, Merseyside
A series of accidents have occurred along this stretch resulting in numerous deaths. Since the 1960's, a female hitch-hiker has been reported standing on the side of the road, sometimes even manifesting in the middle of the road causing other accidents. About a dozen people died during the construction of ...
Cammell Laird
A flat-capped man in blue overalls is seen in the Construction Hall and an elderly woman has been reported near the kitchen. Other shadowy figures have been seen all over the premises. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Chingle Hall
Site to many strange phenomenon, including spontaneously catching on fire without reason, at least 16 ghosts are said to be found here (including a group of monks, various children, a cavalier, a chimney sweep, and someone known as "The Dizzy Man"). Objects are known to move by themselves, noises can ...
George and Dragon
It is said that the ghost of a Roman soldier wanders around here, as the building was supposedly built on a Roman burial ground. Footsteps can be heard as if a group of people are marching, even late at night. Most of the activity is believed to come from Room ...
Thorntons PLC
A jilted bride named Sarah hung herself in this building. She would throw objects around and give guests and staff the sense of being watched. However, activity here might have stopped after one psychic has claimed to have crossed Sarah into the afterlife to be reunited with her lover. (Submitted by ...
Chez Jules
Formerly the Old Fire Station, tales of a figure named 'Fireman Jack' reported a man dressed as a firefighter with a mustache, often smiling at the other firefighters. The site is now that of a French restaurant. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
The Pied Bull
Chester, Cheshire West and Chester
The cellar is haunted by a man who stumbled down a staircase while holding a knife. Staff members refuse to go down alone because they feel his presence. Ghostly chambermaids are also seen here, still attending to their work. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Chester Walls
A Roman soldier was murdered by the parents of his lover. Since his death, he has been reported between the ampitheatre and Newgate. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Haunted Files from the Edge: A Paranormal Investigator's Explorations into Infamous Legends & Extraordinary Manifestations
Philip J. Imbrogno
Gateway to the Dead: A Ghost Hunter's Field Guide
Margie Kay
Ye Olde Kings Head
Children are heard running around; it is said that they were murdered by their father who was caught in the middle of a love affair. Items are thrown at guests and employees, doors open and close by themselves, lights turn off and on by themselves; there's a reputation that at ...
Stanley Palace
The ghost of a woman named Elizabeth is said to manifest in old-fashion clothes. Other spirits include a man dressed in a World War II uniform, a lady with grey hair who is usually found around the piano, and a little girl who is thought to have died on the ...
Hack Green Nuclear Bunker
Several apparitions are seen here, primarily, people who thought to be current workers, but disappear in an instant. Old phones are known to ring, but the phone's service has been disconnected entirely! In the theater, forces touch and grab visitors; overwhelming energy is known to make people sick or cause ...
Bidston Windmill
Multiple ghosts are reported in this windmill. Among the ghosts that are seen here include a man who is seen usually as a vapor and a Satanist named Richard Tilly who supposedly attacks younger women. (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Leasowe Castle
A man and his son were locked away in here; to face an easier death than starvation, the man killed his son, then himself. The pair are seen together in the room in which they perished. Another ghost is said to be someone who started to appear after a fire ...
Gladstone Pottery Museum
Stoke-on-Trent, Stoke-on-Trent
When visiting here, be sure to go to the Colour Room where poltergeist activity is a common occurence; those who rearrange the pots will encounter a barrage of objects being thrown. An elderly man believed to have died here still roams the grounds and footsteps are common in desolate areas ...
Combermere Abbey
Combermere, England
In 1891, one of the most famous ghost photos was captured in the library. It is believed that the ghost of Lord Combermere was captured sitting in his chair (while skeptics believe it might've been the exposure capturing someone who sat in the chair). (Submitted by Chris Berglund)
Out Of The Dark: The Complete Guide to Beings from Beyond
Brad Steiger
Haunted Route 66: Ghosts of America's Legendary Highway
Richard Southall
» Cemeteries near Stretford, UK-O6
» Find museums in Stretford, UK-O6


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Standard Warranty: 3 YearManufacturer/Supplier: Adaptec, IncManufacturer Part Number: 2250300-RBrand Name: AdaptecProduct Model: 29320LPEProduct Name: 29320LPE Single Channel Ultra 320 SCSI ControllerMarketing Information: The Adaptec SCSI Card 29320LPE delivers the industry's first Ultra320 SCSI tape connectivity for PCIe servers with all the reliability and stability of a single-channel I/O interface. Product Type: SCSI ControllerHost Interface: PCI Express x1Data Transfer Rate: Up to 320 MBpsSCSI Protocols: Ultra320 SCSIRAID Supported: NoPorts: 1 x 68-pin VHDCI (mini-Centronics) Ultra320 SCSI - SCSI ExternalForm Factor: Low-profile Plug-in CardDimensions: 2. 6' WidthPackage Contents: Single Channel Ultra 320 SCSI Controller, Replacement low-profile bracket, 6-position SCSI cable, Quick Install Guide, CD with drivers and documentation 5' Height x 6.


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Prosecutors appeal dropped charges against ex-school police officer
CHEROKEE COUNTY, Ga. - Prosecutors are appealing a decision to throw out the indictment against a former Cherokee County School District police officer accused in the death of two police K-9s.
District Attorney Shannon G. Wallace said they are awaiting a ruling from the Court of Appeals after the lower court quashed the two aggravated cruelty to animal charges against former Cherokee County School Police Lt. Dan Peabody.
RELATED: Ex-school police officer charged with 2 K-9 deaths in court
Peabody was indicted last September on two counts of aggravated cruelty to animals and making a false statement. Prosecutors said the investigation started after Peabody left his K-9 partner, Inca, in his patrol car without proper ventilation on June 10. A necropsy performed by the University of Georgia found the dog died from heat stroke.
Investigators said the incident prompted them to reexamine the death of a retired K-9 officer in his care. Dale, a yellow lab, was handed over to Peabody in 2012. Peabody said the dog died from choking on a toy, but prosecutors now believe Peabody lied after investigators said they found evidence Dale was shot and killed by Peabody at his Paulding County shortly after the K-9's retirement.
RELATED: Ex-school police officer indicted in death of two K-9s
Prosecutors said they may move seek re-indictment on all counts against Peabody if the Court of Appeals does not rule in their favor.
NEXT ARTICLE: Atlanta police: Store owner in chest, gunmen at large
Georgia Kroger, Publix pharmacies offering COVID-19 vaccine


Described as 'one of the most innovative and influential among progressive figures of his time', György Ligeti (1923 – 2006) was able to constantly reinvent himself. In his earliest works, written in Communist Hungary, the musical language is often an extension of that of Bartók's and he kept his most daring compositions to himself. Escaping Hungary in 1956 he was able to revel in the freedom to experiment – with electronic techniques as well as elaborate serialism – but he was forever sceptical of schools and steered his own course throughout life. The 1960s and early 70s were a highly productive period, which saw works such as Lux Aeterna and Lontano, as well as three of the works on the present disc. In the Cello Concerto and the Chamber Concerto, Ligeti in different ways explores the idea of the concerto as something collective, rather than polarised between the one and the many. The Cello Concerto is striking, and even provocative, in that the soloist often seems to aspire to silence and even absence rather than virtuosic display. The Chamber Concerto, on the other hand, dazzles because here all 13 players are unmistakably present, all essential to the design and character of the whole. Like the Cello Concerto – and the Piano Concerto – Melodien can be performed by large orchestra, but also, as on the present recording, with a single string player per part, becoming a natural pendant to the Chamber Concerto. The disc closes with the Piano Concerto from 1988, which Ligeti had begun sketching eight years earlier but was only able to proceed with after having composed his first set of studies for piano solo. Ligeti himself described the five-movement work as a statement of his 'aesthetic credo'. Performing these complex scores is the Norwegian specialist ensemble BIT 20 under the Swiss conductor Baldur Brönnimann, with soloists Christian Poltéra and Joonas Ahonen, making his first appearance on the BIS label.
the playing by soloists and ensemble is superb on this present disc. The sound recording is ideal too. For me, all these pieces have impressed me and have encouraged me to investigate Ligeti's music in greater detail.
Brönnimann and the ensemble...are vivid advocates of Ligeti's music. They provide a reminder that even at its most magically elusive it retains a strong rhythmic spine...Poltéra threads his way with great subtlety through the textures that gather around him in the Cello Concerto.


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Our Ipswich Team programme tidy up garden at Quay Place
Our young people who are taking part in personal development programme, the Prince's Trust Team programme, have been making a positive impact on their community by tidying up the garden area at Quay Place, Heritage & Wellbeing Centre in Ipswich.
As part of the 12-week programme for 16-25 year olds, the team members are required to plan and complete a community project of their choice that will then benefit their local community in the future. This provides the young people on the Team programme an excellent opportunity to build news skills including leadership, communication and a fantastic project to add to their CV's.
The 15 young people fundraised for their community project through a bag pack at Iceland in Ipswich and a bucket collection in town. The Team used the money raised to buy materials needed for their project including plants, seeds, hanging baskets and a shed.
Our young people supported Quay Place for their community project following one Team member noticing that the garden area needed some attention and because their work would benefit the people using the centre for counseling sessions and community activities. The group cleared unwanted weeds, planted fresh plants, cleared rubbish and also put up a shed. The group worked very hard together in the cold weather to get the job done.
Other aspects of the Prince's Trust Team programme include an outward-bound activity residential trip, two weeks work experience with local employers and a work skills week where the team members work on their CV's, mock interviews and local businesses visit the programme to support with this.
George, a young person on the programme said: "Quay Place loved that we wanted to help them and have been really helpful whilst we have been completing our project here! We have been working hard to clear the garden area, planting new plants and we even put up a shed. I've really enjoyed our community project because it's nice to do something that will help other people and I hope everyone likes what we have done."
Find out more about our Team programme here. New programmes starting again in May 2019 across Suffolk & North Essex.
Former ITFC CEO delighted to…
Charity Launches 2021 'Find Your…
Enquire about: Our Ipswich Team programme tidy up garden at Quay Place


A total of 94,033,948 passings were recorded at M-4 Don Highway in 2018, up 19.3% from 2017. In 2017, the traffic grew by 14.8% compared to the preceding year.
Last snowy weekend, on January 26-27, 2019, the emergency commissioners from OSSP LLC were called 77 times to help the drivers at M-11 Moscow-Saint Petersburg Highway, 95 times at M-4 Don and 13 times at M-3 Ukraine. The number of emergency calls these days was greater than usual, but not all of them were due to accidents. For example, at M-4 Don, only 20 out of 95 calls were caused by accidents. Emergency commissioners not only help in difficult situations, but also prevent potentially dangerous consequences due to car stopping on the roads.
Two days of snowstorms and heavy snowfalls - on January 26-27 - passed by without significant difficulties for drivers travelling along M-1 Belarus, M-3 Ukraine, M-4 Don and M-11 Moscow - Saint Petersburg highways.


For thirty years Northern California hosted several informal galleries in which local people constructed unsigned sculpture from flotsam. The work received considerable media publicity. The premier gallery was in Emeryville, but several other locations around the Bay were used, along with subsidiary galleries in Arcata and North Bend, OR. All these tidal galleries have become state parks, nature reserves, or otherwise closed to sculpture-building. Given the creative energy of people in the area, future galleries in other tidal locations are likely to arise.


In this seven page typed letter to family and friends, John Reuling, a close friend of Chief Luthuli, recounts his experience in Oslo, Norway, where he attended the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony at which Luthuli received the prestigious award in person.
Albert Luthuli: Banned South African Leader awarded Nobel Peace Prize. Copy. Biography pieces on Luthuli with reference to key events.
Albert John Luthuli. Digital copy. Biographical article on Luthuli in light of his being awarded Nobel Peace Prize.
Oral history interview with B K Dludla at Luthuli Museum. Dludla reflects on his relationship with Luthuli and shares anecdotes about conversations with Luthuli, including one shortly before Luthuli's death. Dludla also discusses the sermon he gave at Luthuli's funeral and shares other autobiographical information. He draws comparisons with other world leaders, including Mandela, and comments on the Luthuli Museum legacy project.
Part II of Interview with Pastor B K Dludla, conducted at the Luthuli Museum. Dludla discusses current inequality of South African society and remembers John Reuling's commitment to empowering indigenous leaders. He also reflects on his and Luthuli's trips to the USA and his experiences there. His final anecdote concerns a meeting with Botha and De Klerk where he demanded Mandela's release from prison as well as other wishes of the Church. Couper also extols benefits of storing archival documents at Luthuli Museum for long-term preservation.


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Dave Bautista Confirms His Return for Avengers 4 & Guardians 3
by Cooper Hood
– on May 29, 2018
Dave Bautista confirms he'll return as Drax in Avengers 4 and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. The Marvel Cinematic Universe received a massive shakeup at the end of Avengers: Infinity War, when Thanos' wiped out half the universe's population with the snap of his mighty fingers. Even though a few lucky heroes survived, the fallout of this simple act saw several major and fan-favorite characters vanish into thin air.
While used in the movie to show the stakes of the Avengers and Guardians of the Galaxy failing to stop Thanos, it lost some of its impact for some viewers thanks to Marvel's long-term plans. Actors like Tom Holland (Spider-Man), Chadwick Boseman (Black Panther), and Benedict Cumberbatch (Doctor Strange) have confirmed or likely sequels in Phase 4 and beyond. Even though Bautista isn't a leading man, Drax was among the casualties, but won't stay that way it appears.
Related: Avengers 4 Synopsis Promises Sacrifices
Collider spoke to Bautista as part of the promotional tour for his new movie Hotel Artemis, and they asked him about his MCU future. After the way Infinity War ended, Bautista says his phone was blowing up. Instead of letting everyone worry for a full year about Drax's future, he is reassuring everyone that Drax will be back - he just doesn't know exactly how.
I got a lot of texts saying, 'I can't believe you're dead, your character is dead.' They were really like heartbroken and I was like 'I'm gonna be in four. I'm gonna be in Guardians 3.' I don't know how they're bringing me back, yeah but somehow I'm going to make it because, as far as I know, I am going to be in Guardians 3, so I have to be back.
Bautista confirming he'll return for at least two more MCU movies isn't just good news for him, but for several Marvel actors. It was theorized almost immediately that those who vanished in Infinity War aren't actually going to stay dead. The move instead puts the focus back on the original Avengers (plus Nebula, Rocket, and a few others). Marvel Studios has decades of stories left to tell, so killing off franchise leads who only have a single film under their belt wouldn't just be shocking, it would be a terrible decision.
While everyone now expects that Drax and his other vanishing heroes will return, the question now becomes how. There's about a full year (and two more MCU movies) to go before Avengers 4 hits theaters and answers that question. Maybe Drax was actually just standing so perfectly still his invisibility activated. In the meantime, the production of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 could shed some light on the situation, as it's planned to start filming before Avengers 4 comes out. Whatever the case may be, Drax appears to definitely have a future in the MCU, through 2020 at least.
MORE: Avengers 4 Theory - Thanos Broke Time Itself
Source: Collider
Ant-Man & The Wasp (2018) release date: Jul 06, 2018
Captain Marvel (2019) release date: Mar 08, 2019
The Avengers 4 / Avengers: Endgame (2019) release date: Apr 26, 2019
Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) release date: Jul 02, 2019
Tags: the avengers 4, guardians of the galaxy 3
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The National Football League's decision-makers apparently never get tired of talking about instant replay.
Approving it is another matter.
But as far as discussion and debate are concerned, nothing stirs the passion of NFL owners, general managers and coaches like replay.
Such will be the case once again when about 200 representatives of the league's 30 teams gather for their annual meetings, which begin today in the Hyatt Regency Grand Cypress.
The NFL has not used replay as an officiating tool since its six-year run ended after the 1991 season. Still, efforts to resurrect it have been the focal point of almost all of its annual meetings since.
With increasing complaints about officiating -- and ever-soaring stakes brought on by skyrocketing television revenue -- there has been speculation in recent years that replay would return. However, opponents always succeed in shooting it down once the owners cast their votes.
The plan that will be recommended Monday by the competition committee, is a hybrid of concepts submitted by the Atlanta Falcons, New Orleans Saints, Washington Redskins and the league office. It calls for a coaches' challenge system, with each unsuccessful replay of a call costing a timeout.
A referee would make the final judgment after reviewing a challenged play on the field with a portable monitor and a 90-second time limit.
Some observers expect a close vote. Others, noting that most coaches dislike losing a timeout for a challenge, say it doesn't have a prayer. One bad sign for replay supporters: The competition committee isn't even unanimously recommending its own proposal.
Replay was rejected last year when it received 20 votes, three short of the necessary number for it to pass.
Bills owner Ralph Wilson continues to vehemently oppose replay, and still regrets the "yes" vote he cast to help put it into effect in 1986.
However, new Bills coach Wade Phillips would like to see replay reinstated. What he doesn't like is any sort of challenge system because it puts a price on correcting an official's mistake and gives coaches one more decision about which they can be second-guessed.
"Every coach wants a fair game, and that's all I want," Phillips said. "I just want a fair game where they (the officials) don't make a mistake and cost you a ballgame. You hear people say, 'Well, you can't take the human element out of it.' But if they cost me a ballgame, that could cost me my job.
"Even if I lose a game because of replay, I'd still rather it be fair."
The league last experimented with replay in 1996, during nationally televised preseason games. Of the 13 challenges by coaches, there were three reversals by the referee on the field. The average delay was 2 minutes, 17 seconds.
The other major items on the meetings' agenda are whether to place an expansion or existing team in Cleveland for the 1999 season, and what is likely to be a rubber-stamp vote on the agreement between the NFL Management Council and Players Association to extend their collective bargaining agreement through 2003.
By agreement, the NFL has until Nov. 15 to notify Cleveland -- which lost pro football when Art Modell moved his franchise to Baltimore -- as to whether the Browns will be an expansion or relocated club. Owners are expected to formally commit to an expansion franchise this week.
"Now that we have the new TV contracts and, hopefully, the labor extension behind us, we'll turn our attention to placing the Cleveland Browns back on the field in '99," league spokesman Joe Browne said. "The commissioner (Paul Tagliabue) is on record favoring an expansion team for Cleveland."
After adding Cleveland, the NFL would likely play for an indefinite period with 31 teams. The league's goal is to have 32 clubs.
According to Browne, a 31-club league would not create the scheduling nightmare that one might assume it would cause.
"Our schedule-makers have guaranteed us that they can have an attractive and viable schedule for however many years that we would be at 31 before we would expand again," Browne said.
Reducing the penalty for pass interference to 15 yards if the foul occurs more than 15 yards from the previous spot. This is similar to how the penalty is called on the collegiate level.
Giving the winner of the coin toss the option to defer until the second half the choice of receiving or defending. This is another college rule. As it stands, the NFL team that wins the toss actually can be at a disadvantage because it gives the opponent possession at the start of the second half and the wind at its back in the fourth quarter.
Expanding game-day rosters. Currently, teams can dress 45 of their 53 players, plus a third quarterback. Miami and New Orleans made proposals that call for 49 players to be active, plus a third QB. Washington proposed eliminating restrictions on the use of the third QB.


An 8-month-old baby girl has died after being mauled by a pit bull at her grandmother's home in Florida.
The girl, later identified as Liana Valino, was attacked at the property in Miramar on Wednesday morning after being dropped off by her mother.
The child was in a bouncy chair in the bedroom when she was attacked by the family pet, reports the Miami Herald.
Villasin said she dropped off the infant at her grandmother's—who is the father's mother—every day so she can go to work and never thought an incident like this could occur.
"Nobody wakes up in the morning and thinks they are going to lose the person they love," Villasin said, reports WPLG.
Broward County Animal Services have since seized the pit bull believed to be responsible for the attack, as well as two other dogs which live at the address. It is unclear at this stage whether the pit bull will be euthanized.
"At this point it's an active investigation. It's unknown what the outcome will be of that investigation but we have detectives on scene," Miramar Police Officer Yessenia Diaz said.
According to dogsbite.org, on average nearly two thirds of all fatal dog attacks in the U.S. are committed by pit bulls.
The advocacy group also claim that between 2005 and 2017, 27% (116) of all fatal dog attack victims were either visiting or living temporarily with the dog's owner at the time, with pit bulls inflicting 73% (85) of these deaths.
Children aged below 9 years old comprised two-thirds (76) of the total number of these attacks.


Under the theme of "Asia: Shaping the New Paradigm for Growth", the two-day forum features in-depth discussions and exchanges on topical issues shaping global business and finance.
Prominent financial and business leaders from around the world analyse recent developments and share their visions for the future.
AFF Deal Flow matches investors with project owners from around the world through dedicated one-to-one meetings.
A series of high-level events, anchored by the AFF, maximise opportunities for networking and intelligence gathering.


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(Ann) Sarah Walker
sarah.walker@ndm.ox.ac.uk
John Radcliffe Hospital
Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology
Sarah has worked with the Modernising Medical Microbiology consortium since April 2006, originally on secondment from the MRC Clinical Trials Unit, but part-time with the University of Oxford from December 2011. Her work includes the design and analysis of studies investigating the epidemiology and management of infectious diseases (including healthcare-associated infections) and antimicrobial resistance, with a particular focus on 'big data' from routinely collected electronic health records. She co-leads the "Modernising Medical Microbiology" consortium translating new whole genome sequencing and informatics approaches into microbiology practice and service with Professors Crook and (Tim) Peto.
Sarah has been at the forefront of translating advances in genetic sequencing into microbiology services, and linking this sequence data to electronic health records for large-scale epidemiology. She was instrumental in obtaining ethical and regulatory approvals for a large anonymised linked database of hospital admissions and microbiology/laboratory data (Infections in Oxfordshire Research Database, IORD), and now leads analyses investigating aspects of epidemiology and management of infectious diseases in IORD as Chief Investigator. She is the Director of the National Institutes of Health Research Health (NIHR) Protection Research Unit on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections at Oxford, and Lead of the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Modernising Medical Microbiology and Big Infection Diagnostics Theme. She has co-authored over 450 publications (H-index 95).
Most recently, she is the Chief Investigator and Academic Lead for the National COVID-19 Infection Survey, a collaboration between the University of Oxford and the Office for National Statistics, investigating prevalence and incidence of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for Hepatitis C: a single arm mechanistic pilot study
Flower B. et al, (2023), eLife, 12
Risk of Long Covid in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine: community-based, matched cohort study
Ayoubkhani D. et al, (2022), Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Symptoms and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Positivity in the General Population in the United Kingdom
Vihta KD. et al, (2022), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 75, e329 - e337
Flower B. et al, (2022)
A data compendium associating the genomes of 12,289 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with quantitative resistance phenotypes to 13 antibiotics.
Crook DW. et al, (2022), PLoS biology, 20


text:
import { AbstractPokerCommand } from "../../core/commands/AbstractPokerCommand";
import { SrvStartRebuyGracePeriodData } from "../data/SrvStartRebuyGracePeriodData";

export class SrvStartRebuyGracePeriodCommand extends AbstractPokerCommand {
	public static NAME = "SrvStartRebuyGracePeriod";
	public static UID = 12470;

		public data: SrvStartRebuyGracePeriodData;

	constructor() {
		super();
		this.init(3, 182, SrvStartRebuyGracePeriodCommand.NAME);
	}
}