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Updated 30 January, 2020 - 14:20 Gloria Moss
The Importance of Questioning History: From Malta to the Dead Sea Scrolls
According to George Orwell, Sir Walter Raleigh stopped writing his History of the World after he was unable to identify the cause of the scuffle and murder that took place outside his cell in the Tower of London . A favorite of Queen Elizabeth I and a leading intellectual, this reaction singled him out from many future historians.
For example, the renowned Oxford philosopher, historian and archaeologist R G Collingwood (1889-1943), viewed people as driven by reason rather than emotion, assumptions that bedeviled classical economists until behavioral economists challenged their models in the 1970s. Should we now be returning to Raleigh's skepticism as a historian and viewing history through the lens of those who write it? We will take two cases of distant history - prehistoric Malta and the Dead Sea Scrolls site of Qumran – and see how interpretations may have been influenced by the personalities of the archaeologists involved and show the importance of questioning history.
1. Prehistoric Malta
The Maltese archipelago lies about 90km to the south of the south-eastern tip of Sicily to which it is thought it may originally have been linked until about 5 million years ago. Then, tectonic activity resulted in a re-opening of the Gibraltar Straits filling up the Mediterranean and isolating the Maltese Islands area from the mainland. Even today, the sea between the Maltese Islands and Sicily is mostly less than 90m in depth.
A map of when Malta and Sicily may have been joined. (Image courtesy of Lenie Reedijk / Ancient Origins )
So, Sicily may have been the land of origin of Malta's first colonizers, millions of years ago. It may then, arguably, have been home to peoples who lived there and created a temple culture in Paleolithic times, a period spanning 40,000 to 10,000 years before our time. The evidence for this dating comes from teeth found near Ghar Dalam in 1918 (Keith, 1918 and 1924; Mifsud and Mifsud, 1997) as well as a temple system aligned to the constellation of Sirius, whose movements can be accurately documented (Reedijk, 2018). Despite this, official history of Malta is focused on a temple culture beginning in at least 5,000 years later, in 4,000-3,000 BC.
Photograph of the teeth found in 1917 suggesting evidence of Paleolithic humans in Malta. (Giuseppe Despott / Sir Arthur Keith )
Sir Arthur Evans
One of the people said to be responsible for the later dating of Malta was the British archaeologist, Sir Arthur Evans, the archaeologist of Knossos. According to a recent account of Maltese prehistory (Reedjik, 2018), Evans maintained that Knossos was the Bronze Age cradle of European civilization and this thinking not only marginalized the considerable evidence of Neolithic inhabitation but also skewed the thinking of generations of archaeologists.
You might say that vested interests were at work since Evans had purchased the land at Knossos and created huge reconstructions of Bronze Age palaces. This investment paid off since the site is the second most popular tourist attraction in all of Greece after the Acropolis but the ethics of combining the roles of archaeologist and business owner role must be considered problematic, particularly in view of descriptions of the reconstructions as 'inaccurate' and 'damaging' (German, https://tinyurl.com/vmn7dc2).
Sir Arthur Evans. (Unknown / CC BY 4.0 )
How did Evans achieve his influence? Whilst a modern history undergraduate at Oxford, he showed himself unable in his finals to answer a single question about the twelfth century or beyond, and it was just the intervention of an examiner, Edward Augustus Freeman, that produced a first class degree classification. Then, four years later, in 1878, Arthur married Freeman's eldest daughter and six years later, he was appointed Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, with no apparently relevant experience. It was in the same year, 1884, that he used family money to buy the site of Knossos, branding it as the Bronze Age cradle of European civilization.
Malta at this time was a British colony and no sensible archaeologist would suggest an earlier date for Malta's monuments than those given to Knossos by Evans (Reedjik, ibid). There were two people who argued for a Paleolithic past for Malta. One was the respected archaeologist, Themistocles Zammit but he died in 1935, and the other, a talented Italian archaeologist, Ugolini but he died in 1936 at the young age of 41. So, with these two influential archaeologists out of the way, "no independent, non-British archaeologist was ever allowed to take the lead in excavating or interpreting a Maltese prehistoric temple site" (Reedjik, p.49).
Did Giants Exists?
If discussion of a Paleolithic has become the kiss of death to an aspiring archaeologist, so too is discussion of giants. This is despite the somewhat abundant evidence of their earlier existence on the islands.
What form does this evidence take? In terms of documentary evidence, a printed account of the Maltese Islands published in Lyon in 1536, written by Jean Quintin d'Autun (auditor to Grandmaster Philippe Vilier de L'Isle Adam) spoke of an antediluvian race of giants who lived there. Then, in 1647, we have an account from Abela of the ancient habitation of the Cyclops in Malta, citing burial places "often of enormous size" (e.g. between Madonna della Gratia and the Tower of Blata el Baidha, and another near Zurrico) and the "gigantic bones found in Malta" (one used as a cross-bar for a door) as well as teeth "the thickness of a finger."
In terms of the temples, Gozo's Ggantija, a site meaning 'Giant's Place/ Lair' in Maltese, or 'belonging to the giant' reflects the popular connotations these sites possessed. Since some of the stones weighed more than 50 tons, it is not unreasonable to assume the involvement of giant in the construction of this temple.
Gozo's Ggantija Temple. ( robnaw / Adobe stock)
Beyond this evidence, there are statues with six fingers or six toes, features identified in the Old Testament with giants or sons of giants (see 2 Samuel 21:20 and I Chronicles XX:4). Then, there is the evidence of the elongated skulls, with 44 investigated by Professor Anton Mifsud and 95.5% declared to be longheaded. He also stated that a local workman in Gozo shared how he had found a giant while excavating the foundations of a building complex. The laborer had hidden the bones so that he would not be stopped by the authorities from continuing his work and from the evidence he showed Mifsud, it seems that between 4000 and 6000 years ago a man, 2.64 meters tall, was buried upright in the soil.
What is more, in the mid 1930s, a lady working for the British Embassy in Malta, Lois Jessop, wrote of how she saw creatures "of giant stature," about twenty to twenty-five feet high, in the lower level of the Hypogeum in Malta.
Despite this abundance of evidence, Nicholas Vella, currently a Professor at the University of Malta has alluded to the fact that "new paleontological discoveries poured cold water on the evidence for giants" but the nature of this evidence is ignored. We do know that much of the evidence for giants has been removed from the Smithsonian Museum under the influence of Major John Wesley Powell, the Director of the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology from 1879 to 1902 and propounder of Evolution theory - and the removal of the elongated skulls from the Valletta archaeological museum, together with orders to clean away a six-digit hand print from an ancient monument in Malta, are perhaps parallel occurrences.
In the same way, we read that orders were given for the handprint to be effaced from the cave wall. If you read Gary Wayne's book, The Genesis 6 Conspiracy, you will see the view that a Biblical race of giants spawned a giant/human hybrid race, the Nephilim, who still rule over us today. Could removal of all reference to giants be an attempt to divert attention from the role played by this group in society today?
Ghar Hasan cave where the cave paintings were originally found and later disappeared. ( The Coastal Path )
Our Malta study tour on 19-23 June (see banner below) will be putting the spotlight on this and other questions with tours of key sites and talks by speakers on Maltese prehistory, hollow earth and giants, and the Knights of Malta and the Maltese Cross.
2.Dead Sea Scrolls site of Qumran
One of World's Most Controversial Sites
In 1946, a Bedouin shepherd and two others discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls in caves near the site of Qumran. This was fêted as one of the more important finds in the history of modern archaeology (Encyclopedia Britannica) and what we know about the site relies extensively on the excavations of Qumran took place over a period of six seasons (1951–1956) under the direction of Roland de Vaux, head of the Ecole Biblique in Jerusalem.
The excavation site of the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran. (Author provided)
This community of Dominican friars was established to "renew biblical studies at a time when modern criticism (history, philology, etc.) was challenging the traditional understanding of the sacred text and unsettling the faith of many Christians" (see https://www.ebaf.edu/ecole-biblique/the-ecole-biblique-et-archeologique-today/) and De Vaux was put in charge despite not being an archaeologist, and having only learned about archaeology from his contact with archaeologists.
At Least Five Dead Sea Scroll Fragments at the Museum of the Bible Are Fake
Skeletons Found Near Dead Sea Scrolls Likely Belonged to an Enigmatic Religious Group
Cover Up: Very Early Human Presence in Malta Has Been Intentionally Hidden
One of Dead Sea Scrolls displayed in Shrine of the Book in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. ( vadiml / Adobe stock)
Doubts Concerning De Vaux
Was he best placed to be put in charge of excavations of this highly important site? Three factors suggest not. Firstly, the interpretation of the site assumes a monastic function to the site, with the designation of areas of the site – for example the 'refectory', the 'scriptorium' – mirroring the wording and functions of a monastic community. So, the assumption that the site was home to an ascetic, pre-Christian Jewish sect may be a projection of De Vaux's own monastic inclinations. Then, his lack of archaeological training may explain why one third of the coin evidence from the site has gone missing, something that undermines attempts to date the site.
The caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found. (Author provided)
Finally, when Pauline Donceel-Voûte, Professor of Archaeology and History at the Catholic University of Louvain, was asked to re-examine finds against De Vaux's original inventory, she found many objects, which had not been noted down there. Could this have been because these appeared to sit ill with the interpretation of Qumran as a site for an ascetic sect? For she found stoppers with tubular orifices (suitable for aerating or testing a substance at regular intervals) as well as a number of glass containers and juglets. Some of the juglets were described as containers for balsam (Donceel-Voûte, 1994a).
This is extraordinary. Balsam was one of the most precious substances of the day, worth twice as much as silver and considered "a sovereign remedy for headache, incipient cataract and dimness of vision" (Strabo of Amaseia). It is possible that the tight neck of the juglets, allowing only a few drops through at a time, would have ensured that this precious substance was not squandered. What is more, it may have been cultivated at Qumran since its inhabitants, the Essenes, "were expert in the sowing of seeds and the cultivation of plants," employing people to "collect the revenue and gather the various products of the soil" (Dupont-Sommer, 1961). They may then have been processed in the shallow pools, all part of a manufacturing process, according to Donceel-Voûte that "took place in a remarkably neat, hygienic environment" (1994b).
Photo of the Dead Sea Scrolls excavation site in Qumran with the caves and cemetery
Anomalies in the Cemetery
Donceel-Voûte used this evidence to argue that Qumran was the site of a luxury villa. However, other facts about the site sit ill with this interpretation. For example, although the site is small, there are no fewer than four adjoining cemeteries, the largest, in the east, containing 1,100 grave plots, some with two corpses. Even if we were to assume that the site was home to the Essenes, this would be an excessive number since scholars have assumed the community to consist of a maximum of 200 people living, according to Josephus to advanced age in a period spanning 200 years. Moreover, of the forty-seven skeletons exhumed, only seven (15%) were aged over forty, a fact that fits ill with the exceptional longevity of the community.
Moreover, quite apart from the surprisingly large number of grave plots, the reports of these exhumations indicated attributed diverse ethnic origins and occupations to those buried (it is thought that they were laborers, horsemen and scribes) and this diversity is not consistent with our knowledge of the Essenes. What is more, the bone marrow, teeth and base of the cranium had all been impregnated with madder dye (Moss, 1998). The dye could not have leached from clothing since madder has outstanding fastness properties and, in attaching to bones, was probably ingested. Since according to a contemporary herbalist, Dioscorides, madder was a powerful diuretic and Pliny supposed it to be effective against jaundice, sciatica and paralysis in conjunction with daily baths ( ibid), it may have been ingested for medicinal reasons. Note that the main feature greeting the visitor to Qumran will be struck by the number of large baths present.
The Tower at the Site's Entrance
Another anachronism with Donceel-Voûte's interpretation is the presence of a commanding tower at the entrance to the site. The walls are four to five feet thick and its rooms communicate with each internally but not externally. Perhaps it was storing precious commodities such as balsam since a similar tower at En Gedi, further south, was interpreted as being used to store precious aromatics (Hirshfield, 1996). This interpretation would be consistent with the recording of immense treasures in the Copper Scroll , content that has been dismissed by Biblical scholars as pure fantasy.
The tower guards the entrance to the site but has walls 4-5 feet thick and rooms that communicate with each other but not externally. Is there something precious stored here? (Author provided)
What does this all mean? Qumran was being run as a medical center visited by throngs of sick people seeking cures (Moss, 1998; 2000a; 2000b; 2010). This theory fits the evidence more convincingly than many other theories emerging from Biblical mainstream academics.
Questioning Historians and Archaeologists
If economics has been transformed by an understanding of the role played by psychology in economic behavior, so too must our understanding of the role that psychology plays in shaping historical narratives. Our focus has been on pre-historic and ancient history but the words of a modern historian, Gerry Docherty, are nonetheless applicable. According to him, "universities promote their version of history with lecturers and professors repeating the accepted story. Then history graduates, fresh with their new degrees, take it into the classroom, and examination boards award only the students who regurgitate the approved learning." The lessons are clear. "We, the general public, are continually lied to. We are. We have been today. We will be tomorrow, unless we begin to question for ourselves."
It becomes our duty therefore to question the past and to usher in a new behavioral approach to the study of history, mirroring the sea-change achieved in the field of economics. We can do this through re-writing histories and also running 'Questioning History' events that bring a sharp, evidence-based approach to events and history. So, join us for our study tour to Malta (19-23 June 2020 – see details below) and our next Questioning History weekend on 12-13 December just outside London.
This questioning will lead us to the place spoken of in a Balzac novel where "there are two histories: official history, lying, and then secret history, where you find the real causes of events." Moreover, since, "who controls the past, controls the future: who controls the present, controls the past" - chilling words from Winston in Orwell's 1984 – we will change our understanding of the present.
Top image: History through a lens – the importance of questioning history. Source: Valentyna / Adobe stock
By Gloria Moss
Prof Gloria Moss PhD FCIPD has published extensively on ancient history and is running 'Questioning History' events. The next study tour is to Malta (see below) and she will be hosting a second 'Questioning History' event on 12-13 December 2020 in a venue close to London. For information, see www.learningholidays.webs.com
Chatterton, K. (1932), Big Blockade , London, Hutchinson and Co
Docherty, G and J. MacDonald (2013), Hidden History: the secret origins of the First World War, Edinburgh and London, Mainstream publishing
Donceel-Voûte, P. (1994a), Les ruines de Qumran reinterpretées, Archaeologia, 298, 25-35
Donceel-Voûte, P. (1994b), Archaeology of Qumran, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 722, 1-38
Dupont-Sommer, A. (1961), The Essene writings from Qumran. Translation by G Vermez, Oxford: Basil Blackwell
Hirshfield, (1996), The balm of Gilead, BAR, September/ October, 18-19
Keith, A. (1918), Keith, A., Letter to Nature, July 25, 1918: 204
Keith, A., 1924. Neanderthal Man in Malta, in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute , 56, pp. 251-260
Mifsud, A. and Mifsud, S. (1997), Dossier Malta Evidence for the Magdalenian, Proprint CO Ltd, Malta
Moss, G. (1998), Religion and medicine: the case of Qumran, Faith and Freedom, 51 (146), 44-61
Moss, G. (2000a), Medicine 2000 years ago: the case of Qumran and other biblical sites, 120 (4), 255-261
Moss, G. (2000b), Qumran cover-up, The Fortean Times, 131, March, 40-44
Moss, G. (2010), Water and health: A forgotten connection? The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 130 (5) 227-232
Reedjik, L. (2018), Sirius: the star of the Maltese Temples, Netherlands, Malet Books
Taylor, J, (2015), The Essenes, the Scrolls and the Dead Sea, Oxford University Press, Oxford
Vella, N. (2007), From Cabiri to goddesses: cult, ritual and context in the formative years of Maltese archaeology, 61-71, In Cult in context : reconsidering ritual in archaeology / edited by David A. Barrowclough and Caroline Malone. Oxford: Oxbow Books Accessed on 17 January 2020
Essenes
De Vaux
Arthur Evans
Prof Gloria Moss PhD FCIPD has published extensively on ancient history and is running 'Questioning History' events. The next study tour is to Malta (see below) and she will be hosting a second 'Questioning History' event on 12-13 December 2020... Read More
Gary Moran wrote on 30 January, 2020 - 23:55
Fascinating, thought-provoking article. Certainly two excellent examples of data and artifacts being manipulated, mis-interpreted and twisted to conform to 'accepted' theories. Even with the lack of demonstrable proofs, I have no qualms or doubts that there were giants. There's just too many stories, legends, and accounts of their existence to ignore.
George Metaxas wrote on 30 January, 2020 - 20:46
All evidence indicate that modern humans left Africa about 200.000 YBP, when Malta should have been already an island. But the capacity of early humans to bridge sea expanses goes probably beyond 100.000 YBP, as findings in the south of the Crete island suggest.
As about the giants, the story in Malta looks very similar to stories in Sardinia, but still there is a lack of evidence, and it is high unlikely that if such evidence ever existed it could remain hidden for long, or that new findings would not have been emerged since. After all, there is a real mystery in Malta and literally in plain view, and that is the cart ruts and their purpose.
Pete Wagner wrote on 30 January, 2020 - 14:41
As for history, take with a grain of salt what's written or otherwise portreyed. The present tells you much more about the past than his-story and her-story. If an artifact or history book exists, ask why it exists. Human nature, like the laws of physics, is NOT a variable.
Nobody gets paid to tell the truth.
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The following are taken from the Catechism of the Catholic Church:
CCC 585 On the threshold of his Passion Jesus announced the coming destruction of this splendid building, of which there would not remain "one stone upon another" [Cf. Mt 24:1-2]. By doing so, he announced a sign of the last days, which were to begin with his own Passover [Cf. Mt 24:3; Lk 13:35] [emphasis added]. But this prophecy would be distorted in its telling by false witnesses during his interrogation at the high priest's house, and would be thrown back at him as an insult when he was nailed to the cross [Cf Mk 14:57-58; Mt 27 39-40].
CCC 586 Far from having been hostile to the Temple, where he gave the essential part of his teaching, Jesus was willing to pay the Temple-tax, associating with him Peter, whom he had just made the foundation of his future Church [Cf. Mt 8:4; 16:18; 17:24-27; Lk 17:14; Jn 4:22; 18:20]. He even identified himself with the Temple by presenting himself as God's definitive dwelling-place among men [Cf. Jn 2:21; Mt 12:6]. Therefore his being put to bodily death [Cf. Jn 2:18-22] presaged the destruction of the Temple, which would manifest the dawning of a new age in the history of salvation [emphasis added]: "The hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father" [Jn 4:21; cf. 4:23-24; Mt 27:5; Heb 9:11; Rev 21:22].

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Japan gov't to earmark 1 tril. yen for reserve fund to fight coronavirus
Japan will earmark 1 trillion yen ($9.2 billion) for a reserve fund to fight the new coronavirus pandemic, according to a draft of an emergency economic package being compiled by the government.
With the fund, the government will provide an additional 10,000 yen per child for families that receive child allowances, says the draft made available on Sunday.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's Cabinet is expected to approve the fund, together with a supplementary budget for fiscal 2020, in a meeting on Tuesday.
With the number of infections in Japan topping 4,500 and the domestic death toll exceeding 100, the government says the pandemic has caused "the biggest economic crisis since World War II," according to the draft.
As a key pillar of the emergency package, the government will provide 300,000 yen to households whose income has fallen by more than half from the previous year, it says.
Households whose income has reduced to a level that would exempt them from paying the resident tax will also be eligible for the cash handout program.
Applicants will be required to file for support at their respective municipal government offices.
The additional child-rearing assistance will be distributed to households that receive 10,000 to 15,000 yen a month for children up to ninth grade, usually 15 years old, according to the draft.
The additional 10,000 yen per child will be provided one time only.
In a meeting of Liberal Democratic Party executives on Sunday, the government also reported a plan to extend 2 million yen for small and medium-sized businesses whose income has fallen by more than half, as well as 1 million yen for the self-employed such as freelance workers.
(Stores are closed in Tokyo's Asakusa district on April 5, 2020.)
Interest-free loans of up to 30 million yen will be provided through private financial institutions for small and midsized companies whose sales have fallen by 20 percent or more in the past month. The loans will be available for three years.
In an effort to help companies — regardless of their size — bring production facilities back to Japan, the government will subsidize half of their relocation costs.
For major companies, the government will expand the size of crisis response loans through the Development Bank of Japan and other lenders to 5 trillion yen from the current 200 billion yen.
Tokyo confirms record 143 new coronavirus infections
Police in Australia launch criminal probe into coronavirus-stricken ship
Japan eyes tripling Avigan drug stockpile to fight coronavirus
News Coronavirus, earmark, fight, Fund, Govt, Japan, reserve, tril, yen
Tokyo reports record 144 new coronavirus infections
Coronavirus outbreak latest: April 7, 2020


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Labe M. Richman
Over 30 Years of Aggressive, Creative, and Compassionate
Representation of People Charged with Crimes.
Call The Firm Now! 866-986-3534 866-986-3534
Cases Handled
LawyersCLE.com
Labenation.com
Convictions Attacked
Ny Criminal And Immigration Law.com
CPL Section 440 Motions To Vacate Judgments
Sealing Laws (CPL Sec. 160.59), Expungment
Admitted: 1983, New York; 1989, U.S. District Court, Southern and Eastern Districts of New York and U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit; 1994, U.S. Supreme CourtLaw School: J.D., cum laude, Cardozo Law School
Biography: Member, Cardozo Law Review, 1980–1981. Adjunct Professor, New York Law School, 2004–2007. Recipient, Innovative CLE Program Award for research, development and presentation of "Effective Trial Communication Techniques: The Application of Advertising, Drama and Psychology to Trials," New York County Lawyers' Association, October 21, 2003. Author: "Deported Defendants: Challenging Convictions From Abroad," The New York Law Journal, June 14, 2006; "Opening Within the Rules," The New York Law Journal, July 17, 2002; "May Jurors Question Witnesses?" The New York Law Journal, September 25, 2003; "Interrogations and Confessions," Criminal Defense Techniques, Chapter 3 (Matthew Bender, 1988); see further articles and lectures on this site. Also, more accomplishments are listed below in greater detail.
Born: Norfolk, Virginia; January 22
Cases: People v. Calderone, 151 Misc.2d 530 (New York City. 1991); United States v. Lynch, 162 F.3d 732 (2d Cir. 1998); other cases are discussed on this site, in particular under Convictions Attacked.
A Short List of Labe Richman's Qualifications and Achievements
– More than 32 years of experience as a criminal trial and appellate lawyer in both federal and New York State courts; – Former adjunct professor of law, teaching trial advocacy;
– Received Martindale-Hubbell's Highest Rating ("Preeminent™") and was listed in SuperLawyers starting in October 2011; has an Avvo rating of "Superb" along with their "Client's Choice Award" because of the excellent reviews he has received on their site: www.Avvo.com;
– Specializes in trying to vacate old convictions that cause immigration problems (See "Convictions Attacked," above.) and in representing aliens who are facing criminal charges
– Award-winning lecturer on trial-communication techniques, criminal law, and the relationship of criminal law to immigration law (See "Prior Lectures" and "CLE – Trial Communication," above.)
– Published author in the area of criminal law, trial techniques, post-conviction work and immigration law (See "Published Articles," above.)
– Former faculty member, Cardozo Law School Criminal Appeals Clinic and Intensive Trial Advocacy Program
– Has handled every type of case — from complex white-collar to murder — in both state and federal courts
Labe Richman has been a criminal trial and appellate lawyer for more than 30 years. Martindale-Hubbell®, the nation's premier lawyers' rating service, has given him the highest rating ("Preeminent™") in the areas of both proficiency and ethics. He has also been labeled a "SuperLawyer" by Thompson West and has been listed in the NYC Metro Super Lawyers list since 2011. This NY criminal defense law firm has handled a wide variety of cases, from murder to white-collar. These cases include bank, mail, wire and securities fraud, RICO, murder, extortion, assault, theft, weapons possession, drug possession and trafficking, money laundering, arson, shoplifting, grand larceny, assault, forgery, burglary, robbery, prostitution, gambling, environmental crimes, immigration, copyright and computer crimes. He has represented doctors, lawyers, business owners, consultants, brokers and other professionals. He also is extremely conscientious when it comes to protecting a client's reputation and makes sure that matters are sealed if possible with the courts and law enforcement agencies.
Labe also specializes in reopening old convictions that cause immigration problems (See "Convictions Attacked," above) and has made numerous motions based on the relatively new case of Padilla v. Kentucky. He makes a significant effort, when representing aliens in criminal cases, to consider the immigration consequences of the conviction in his legal strategy (That is why this website may be accessed using the address: NYCriminalandImmigrationLaw.com). He has a substantial practice in both federal and New York State courts.
Mr. Richman was an adjunct professor of law at New York Law School, where he taught trial advocacy. He has lectured on trial-communication techniques and other subjects at the National Institute for Trial Advocacy, Rutgers Law School, Seton Hall Law School, Cardozo Law School, Columbia Law School, the Office of the Capital Defender, New York County Lawyers' Association, the New York State Bar Association, the American Immigration Lawyers Association, the New York State Defenders Association's Immigration Defense Project, the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, the Public Law Institute ("PLI") and the New York State Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. His research, development and presentation of the comprehensive lecture Effective Trial Communications Techniques: The Application of Advertising, Drama & Psychology to Trials has won the Innovative Program Award from the New York County Lawyers' Association Continuing Legal Education Institute. He is also a lecturer and faculty member in Barry Scheck's Intensive Trial Advocacy Program at Cardozo Law School. To obtain more information about his award-winning presentation, click on "CLE – Trial Communication," above.
When possible, Mr. Richman attempts to employ these sophisticated techniques in his own trials, using powerful visuals and harnessing cutting-edge techniques, such as computer graphics, to communicate his client's defense in court.
He combines his trial experience with a strong background in legal writing and appellate work. He makes every effort to represent clients in an aggressive, creative, but studious way. A list of his appellate victories is available on this web site by clicking on "Convictions Attacked," above. His appellate experience has been helpful to immigrants who need a creative legal attack on prior convictions that are causing deportation problems. [His success in this area is significant, but the client must understand that prior success does not mean that any particular client will succeed with their appeal or post-conviction motion. Past cases do not necessarily predict future success]. As noted above, in this regard, he has developed an expertise in the new case of Padilla v. Kentucky and has lectured nationally on this subject.
Labe Richman graduated, cum laude, from Cardozo Law School, where he served on the Law Review. He was a faculty member of the Cardozo Law School Criminal Appeals Clinic and was a contributing author to Matthew Bender's Criminal Defense Techniques. He has also published articles on trial practice and on criminal and immigration law in the New York Law Journal. [Those articles are available on this site by clicking on "Published Articles," above]. He is a graduate of the National Criminal Defense College's Trial Institute and the National Institute for Trial Advocacy's Teacher Training at Harvard.
Mr. Richman won a dismissal of a high-profile case against an attorney from Kazakhstan who was charged with extorting New York City's mayor, Michael Bloomberg. In complex cases, he has represented several doctors; attorneys; securities, real estate and mortgage brokers; and a merchant banker. As a white-collar-crime specialist, he has been a consultant on criminal trial issues for TheStreet.com. He has also had a great deal of experience and success with street crime and drug cases, winning acquittals or hung juries in burglary, robbery, assault, drugs, weapons and money-laundering cases. Again, past success does not guarantee that he will win your case.
The New York Civil Liberties Union, the American Jewish Congress and the Lamda Legal Defense Fund asked him to write a friend-of-the-court brief in an important double-jeopardy case before the Second Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, and he won. See United States v. Lynch, 162 F.3d 732 (2d Cir., 1998). When defendants were harassed by private-citizen criminal complaints at the Criminal Court at 386 Broadway, Labe Richman had the entire process ruled unconstitutional — People v. Calderone, 151 Misc.2d 530 (New York City, 1991). As noted above, his other important published appeals and post-conviction victories are listed elsewhere on this site (click on "Convictions Overturned," above). He also represented a defendant in the 9-11 Detainee Litigation which involved a class action against the United States and others for detentions which occurred after September 11th.
He has a great deal of experience trying cases, or, if the case requires, negotiating favorable plea bargains. Many times, Mr. Richman's success occurs during sentencing, when he is able to advocate for mercy for his client. Humanizing the criminal defendant for the court and the jury is always his primary concern. When significant jail time is unavoidable, he makes every effort to find special prison programs which reduce sentences or he advocates for placement in more comfortable facilities which are close to relatives. He also makes every effort to negotiate dispositions which have as little effect on an alien's immigration status as possible.
Labe Richman has represented individuals in cases throughout New York State in both state and federal courts. His New York State trial practice is primarily in Manhattan (New York County), the Bronx, Brooklyn (Kings County), Queens and Staten Island (Richmond County). His post-conviction work is more wide ranging geographically. We have represented many people in investigations that have not led to charges. These often occur in investigations on passport fraud which are conducted by the law enforcement wing of the U.S. State Department, Social Security fraud, Immigration Fraud regarding CIS, and Motor Vehicle fraud investigated by DMV in Albany, People who are being investigated should always consult an attorney before talking to investigative agents.
This NY criminal defense attorney stands ready to provide any further information that you need. For help with criminal law in New York, call Labe Richman at 866-986-3534, (212) 227-1914 or contact us online. See how we can help, or [email protected].
Attorney Advertising. This website is designed for general information only. The information presented at this site should not be construed to be formal legal advice nor the formation of a lawyer/client relationship. [ Site Map ] Martindale-Hubbell and martindale.com are registered trademarks; AV, BV, AV Preeminent and BV Distinguished are registered certification marks; Lawyers.com and the Martindale-Hubbell Peer Review Rated Icon are service marks; and Martindale-Hubbell Peer Review Ratings are trademarks of MH Sub I, LLC, used under license. Other products and services may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Copyright © 2020 MH Sub I, LLC. All rights reserved.
Trial and Post-Conviction Attorney in New York


text:
//-----------------------------------------------
//
//	This file is part of the Siv3D Engine.
//
//	Copyright (c) 2008-2022 Ryo Suzuki
//	Copyright (c) 2016-2022 OpenSiv3D Project
//
//	Licensed under the MIT License.
//
//-----------------------------------------------

# pragma once
# include "Common.hpp"
# include "PointVector.hpp"
# include "Array.hpp"
# include "Optional.hpp"
# include "2DShapes.hpp"
# include "PredefinedYesNo.hpp"

namespace s3d
{
	/// @brief 三次ベジェ曲線
	struct Bezier3
	{
		Vec2 p0;

		Vec2 p1;

		Vec2 p2;

		Vec2 p3;

		SIV3D_NODISCARD_CXX20
		Bezier3() = default;

		SIV3D_NODISCARD_CXX20
		constexpr Bezier3(const Vec2& _p0, const Vec2& _p1, const Vec2& _p2, const Vec2& _p3) noexcept;

		[[nodiscard]]
		constexpr Vec2& p(size_t index) noexcept;

		[[nodiscard]]
		constexpr const Vec2& p(size_t index) const noexcept;

		[[nodiscard]]
		constexpr Vec2 point(size_t index) const;

		[[nodiscard]]
		constexpr Vec2 getPos(double t) const noexcept;

		[[nodiscard]]
		Vec2 getTangent(double t) const noexcept;

		[[nodiscard]]
		LineString getLineString(int32 quality = 24) const;

		[[nodiscard]]
		LineString getLineString(double start, double end, int32 quality = 24) const;

		[[nodiscard]]
		RectF boundingRect() const noexcept;

		[[nodiscard]]
		size_t hash() const noexcept;

		template <class Shape2DType>
		[[nodiscard]]
		constexpr bool intersects(const Shape2DType& other) const;

		template <class Shape2DType>
		[[nodiscard]]
		Optional<Array<Vec2>> intersectsAt(const Shape2DType& other) const;

		const Bezier3& paint(Image& dst, const Color& color) const;

		const Bezier3& paint(Image& dst, int32 thickness, const Color& color) const;

		const Bezier3& overwrite(Image& dst, const Color& color, Antialiased antialiased = Antialiased::Yes) const;

		const Bezier3& overwrite(Image& dst, int32 thickness, const Color& color, Antialiased antialiased = Antialiased::Yes) const;

		const Bezier3& draw(const ColorF& color = Palette::White, int32 quality = 24) const;

		const Bezier3& draw(double thickness, const ColorF& color = Palette::White, int32 quality = 24) const;

		const Bezier3& draw(const LineStyle& style, double thickness, const ColorF& color = Palette::White, int32 quality = 24) const;

		template <class CharType>
		friend std::basic_ostream<CharType>& operator <<(std::basic_ostream<CharType>& output, const Bezier3& value)
		{
			return output << CharType('(')
				<< value.p0 << CharType(',') << CharType(' ')
				<< value.p1 << CharType(',') << CharType(' ')
				<< value.p2 << CharType(',') << CharType(' ')
				<< value.p3 << CharType(')');
		}

		template <class CharType>
		friend std::basic_istream<CharType>& operator >>(std::basic_istream<CharType>& input, Bezier3& value)
		{
			CharType unused;
			return input >> unused
				>> value.p0 >> unused
				>> value.p1 >> unused
				>> value.p2 >> unused
				>> value.p3 >> unused;
		}

		friend void Formatter(FormatData& formatData, const Bezier3& value);
	};

	struct Bezier3Path
	{
	public:

		Bezier3Path() = default;

		explicit constexpr Bezier3Path(const Bezier3& bezier) noexcept;

		constexpr void setT(const double t) noexcept;

		[[nodiscard]]
		constexpr double getT() const noexcept;

		double advance(double distance, int32 quality = 8) noexcept;

	private:

		Vec2 m_v0;

		Vec2 m_v1;

		Vec2 m_v2;

		double m_t = 0.0;
	};
}

# include "detail/Bezier3.ipp"

template <>
struct SIV3D_HIDDEN fmt::formatter<s3d::Bezier3, s3d::char32>
{
	std::u32string tag;

	auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<s3d::char32>& ctx)
	{
		return s3d::detail::GetFormatTag(tag, ctx);
	}

	template <class FormatContext>
	auto format(const s3d::Bezier3& value, FormatContext& ctx)
	{
		if (tag.empty())
		{
			return format_to(ctx.out(), U"({}, {}, {}, {})", value.p0, value.p1, value.p2, value.p3);
		}
		else
		{
			const std::u32string format
				= (U"({:" + tag + U"}, {:" + tag + U"}, {:" + tag + U"}, {:" + tag + U"})");
			return format_to(ctx.out(), format, value.p0, value.p1, value.p2, value.p3);
		}
	}
};

template <>
struct std::hash<s3d::Bezier3>
{
	[[nodiscard]]
	size_t operator ()(const s3d::Bezier3& value) const noexcept
	{
		return value.hash();
	}
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


He has been an amazing country singer in the past and his songs and albums have done great business across the globe. He is none other than the very popular and very successful Jason Aldean. He was born in a place called Macon, which lies in Georgia of United States of America and this makes his nationality American and ethnicity white. A lot of information on him and his interesting biography can be grabbed from wiki sites like Wikipedia and IMDb. Some of his shirtless pictures can be found if searched for.
He is huge in social networking sites like Twitter and Instagram. He has a whooping 2.76 million followers in Twitter and this proves his stardom in the site. He has been very much involved with the site as well as he has already tweeted more than 16 thousand times. He has been very successful in his career and his income proves that. According to some sources he has a whooping net worth of $40 million dollars, which proves his worth in the music industry. He is a tall man as he has a height of 1.85 meters.
He married Jessica Aldean in the year 2001 but unfortunately their relationship could not last a lifetime. The couple went through the process of divorce and ended their relationship. After that, both moved on with their lives and he started dating his girlfriend Brittany Kerr. Their alleged affair was one of the hottest topics of the town at that moment. The couple already hot engaged and soon will get married and live happily as husband and wife. He is not gay as he has a total of two children and both of them are daughters. He has been awarded with several music awards in his career and some of them are ACM Awards for the category of Top New Male Vocalist and Billboard Touring Awards for the category of Breakthrough.


text:
Hennepin History Magazine Receives Recognition Award
Home/From the Magazine/Hennepin History Magazine Receives Recognition Award
The American Alliance of Museums (AAM) has awarded Hennepin History magazine, published by Hennepin History Museum (HHM), an honorable mention in its annual Publication Design Competition, Magazines/Scholarly category, for 2020. AAM has been recognizing excellence in print media for more than 30 years, hallmarking creativity, innovation, and ingenuity and this is the second time in three years Hennepin History has received this coveted recognition.
The 2020 competition included a total of 150 submissions in five categories from museums and cultural institutions in the U.S. and internationally. Categories included Exhibition Catalogues, Books, Newsletters and Calendars of Events, as well as Magazines/Scholarly Journals. First Prize in the category of Magazines/Scholarly Journals went to the Cincinnati Art Museum with Second Prize going to the Rhode Island Historical Society. Other organizations receiving Honorable Mentions included Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and the White House Historical Association.
Hennepin History magazine documents the people, places, sites, memories, and flavors of Hennepin County history. Editor Linda Koutsky explains that Hennepin History wouldn't exist without the tremendous work and continuous generosity of its contributing writers, who not only choose stories that are historically interesting, but visually rich as well. "It's their persistence in tracking down research, conducting interviews, and finding sources for images that results in articles that entertain and enlighten readers of all ages and interests," Koutsky said. HHM Executive Director, John Crippen noted that this recognition from AAM is a great endorsement of Koutsky's direction for the magazine which began in 2017. "Our members regularly tell us how much then enjoy Hennepin History," he added, "and it is great to hear it from our professional colleagues as well."
AAM has been helping museums develop standards and best practices through gathering and sharing knowledge since 1906. Located in Arlington, VA, AAM also provides advocacy on issue of concern to the museum community for more than 35,000 museum professionals and volunteers, institutions, and corporate partners serving the museum field.
James Bacigalupo2021-11-23T18:38:54+00:00


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I still have it stamped in my eyes retina the first time I saw the picture of the highest mountain in the world. I was still a kid, maybe 9 or 10 years old. . I had no idea of the dimension of 8.848m. My parents had just bought an important encyclopedia for me for school work. At that time to research in the Internet was something for the future.
The encyclopedia took the whole space of a shelf in a brown wooden cabinet on one of the walls of our living room. Right below it, there was a sound appliance. For the first time, there was a show of Rita Lee (a Brazilian famous pop singer) in town. "Lança Perfume"(Perfume Spear, a Brazilian pop hit)) was non stop playing on the radio. I was given a LP ( Long Play – vinyl record), which I can´t remember who gave me, but the record was almost perforated of so much playing, while I was reading every single page of the 15 volumes of the encyclopedia. As the first picture of the Everest, I also remember many other things. I saw the Eiffel Tower for the first time, where Alberto Santos Dumont made his so famous flight ( dreams of a boy….to fly a plane…), I saw the Grand Canyon, pictures of Alaska, the Fuji mountain in Japan, the Pyramides in Egypt and like any normal child, I kept all these images and many others, in a very special corner of my mind. Every once in a while a visit them in my thoughts.
This has never been an obstinacy. I have never traced my life path in a way that I would one day, maybe, go to the The Everest. The Everest had for me the same importance of any other interesting place on earth to be known. In my traveling style it is more important to associate an uncommon place with a personal challenge. To know Europe is not very difficult. Difficult is to travel around 24 countries during six months, alone, with a budget of U$ 37.00 a day without speaking English. Well, but this story I have already told. And it had been a long time since I didn´t go on a trip like this. A trip that you remember for all your life with a felling that it has been the most exciting thing you had done in your life. The kind of trip that attracts the interest of anyone. Once more time I needed to expel from the inside of me boldness, courage, and real feeling into a trip. To go on a trip that would once more leave a trace in my personality. A trip full of feelings and interior analyses. I needed to talk to myself, reorganize some ideas, and above all, search, if not the right path for my future life, at least the most interesting way to follow.
Today it is clearer what I want from life. What it´s missing now, is to find a way to hunt for this future of mine. I will search little by little, step by step, like in this adventure that has shown me that nothing resists to the "easy and slow"style.


text:
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Lawmaker attacks Corp Comm policy on public service campaign contributions
Lawyers believe that a Corporate Commission policy to restrict campaign contributions from regulated utilities violates the Arizona Constitution, and the lawmaker who requested the advice is hoping it will persuade the commission to change its position. heading for next year's elections.
Senator Rick Gray, R-Sun City, asked the Legislative Council to review the 2019 commission code of ethics. Specifically, he wanted the council's opinion on whether a policy prohibiting commissioners from collecting campaign contributions from regulated utilities, their employees, and lobbyists violates the Arizona or United States constitutions. .
Under the rule, commissioners cannot knowingly take contributions from regulated utility companies, their lobbyists, employees or officers, or accept money from an intervenor in a matter before the commission. The intention of the commission in adopting the rule was to force the commissioners to recuse themselves if they've taken money from people involved in business they hear.
Legislative Council reply was that the commission exceeded its authority. The validity of the rules "depends on whether the CCA has the power to prevent a duly appointed or elected member of the commission from participating in the activities of the CCA." And the Legislative Council has held that nothing in state law or the Arizona Constitution gives it such authority. The power of the commission and its individual members is enshrined in the constitution, the legislative staff said, and the commission cannot limit those powers.
Even though the committee has the power to limit the power of commissioners, the Legislative Council has said that doing so on the basis of campaign contributions may violate the First Amendment, which protects political discourse, including campaign spending, under from the United States Supreme Court precedent.
However, the Legislative Council has not taken a decision on this matter and concluded that there are "reasonable arguments on both sides" as to whether the policy violates the protections of free speech in the First Amendment. They noted that ethics do not actually prohibit contributions to a commissioner. It obliges the commissioners to recuse themselves because of these expenses.
"Therefore, to invalidate the limitations on independent spending, a court would have to find that the disqualification requirement significantly infringes a First Amendment person's right to independent spending," Legislative Council counsel wrote. , Ken Behringer.
Gray, Senator Sine Kerr, R-Buckeye, and Representative Gail Griffin, R-Hereford, have sent the notice to the committee, and they are awaiting a response. The Commissioners asked their legal counsel to draft a response for their next staff meeting on October 26.
Commissioners adopted the ethics policy in 2019 in response to controversial spending by Pinnacle West, parent company of energy giant Arizona Public Service, in the 2014 and 2016 Corporation Commission elections.
In 2014, Pinnacle West secretly funded black money groups who spent nearly $ 10.7 million to elect two Republican commissioners deemed sympathetic to his interests and who ran against solar energy advocates in both the GOP primaries and general elections. Two years later, the company, which until now refused to say whether it was behind the 2014 campaign, openly spent $ 4 million in favor of three Republicans in the legislative elections.
Gray, who ran for the commission in 2016 and was defeated in the Republican primary, said he was targeting ethics policy because it is unfair and inequitable. Even if an employee wishes to donate an eligible contribution of $ 5 to help a commission hoping to secure public campaign funding from the Citizens Clean Elections Commission, the ethics policy is an obstacle.
"Employees need to be able to do whatever they want. If they want to give a five, they should be able to give a five. If they want to be able to give 160, they should be able to give 160, "said Gray, referring to the maximum amount of" initial capital "a person can pay a candidate in a clean election.
Gray also asked why the policy should restrict regulated utilities when solar companies that hope to take advantage of commission policies have free rein to spend.
The APS, which has faced years of negative publicity for its decision to break the long-standing unwritten rule that barred utilities from participating in Corporations Commission races, has waived election spending for its regulators. It stayed on the sidelines in 2018, and in 2020 new CEO Jeff Guldner said the company no longer spend in the commission elections.
The code of ethics does not really restrict the ability of public services to engage in the kind of external spending that motivated its adoption in the first place. Rather, it requires commissioners, before voting on a matter involving a regulated entity, to publicly disclose any outside expenditure of at least $ 1,000 by that entity, or at least $ 100 by an individual. The disclosure policy applies to all expenses that directly or indirectly benefit Commissioners or their immediate families, not just independent expenses during elections.
It remains to be seen whether the legislature can actually do anything to influence the policy of the committee. Gray said he hopes the committee will "re-evaluate" its position in response to the Legislative Council's advice.
If that doesn't happen, Gray doesn't know what his next step would be, or if it would be a law, an election measure or whatever.
"We will have to examine it. I'm not a lawyer, so I don't know what the legal consequences would be. If it has to be questioned, it must be questioned. If we don't stand up for people's constitutional rights, then it will evaporate, "he said.
Whatever happens with the ethics policy of the commission, things will not change for the APS. Company spokeswoman Jill Hanks said the APS does not have a position on ethics and Guldner's commitment to stay out of commission races is upheld.
It is unclear exactly what the committee's legal adviser will say in his response to the Legislative Council. But President Lea Marquez Peterson, a Republican, said commissioners clearly believed they were within their rights to draft the code of ethics that is now in place. And there were good reasons for the commission to enact it, she said.
"When I was appointed, and even before that, I had certainly heard of the cloud of corruption surrounding the Arizona Corporation Commission and the elections. So it was important for me as one of my first votes in the committee to work on the code of ethics and then as president to bring it back and finalize it so that we can move forward ", a she declared.
Peterson said it would have been "legally difficult" to impose an ethics policy involving entities the commission does not regulate, such as solar companies. Due to the controversial APS election campaign, there was "hypersensitivity" to the commission about the involvement of public services in the elections, to the point that they did not want public services or their employees. be involved in the commission elections.
"There are a lot of people in this state, over 7 million, and we can certainly get support by being in the community and visiting Rotary clubs, chambers and different events," said Peterson.
Democratic Commissioner Anna Tovar, who was not on the committee when the initial policy was implemented, also said it was important to keep the contested rules in place.
"This provides the transparency and accountability that our voters are looking for, where the funds for our campaign are coming from," Tovar said.
The Legislative Council's opinion regarding the forced challenge may be a moot point.
According to Wesley Van Cleve, the commission's deputy general counsel, the code of ethics does not actually force anyone to recuse themselves from anything if they knowingly take a prohibited contribution. The code of ethics states that commissioners "shall not" accept prohibited contributions, but it does not explicitly specify the enforcement mechanisms. Van Cleve described it as a "code of honor" situation.
" It is voluntary. The code is there for the commissioners to basically control themselves, if you will. A commissioner could not demand the disqualification of another commissioner. And they can basically volunteer to recuse themselves or not, "Van Cleve said.
The code of ethics also stipulates that if the commissioners, with the exception of those who run with public funds in the framework of the state's own elections, unknowingly accept a prohibited contribution, they must return it. And if they cannot or do not want to do so, the commissioners must withdraw from matters involving this entity, with the exception of the candidates in the clean elections. Candidates for Clean Elections are eligible for public funding by collecting a designated number of $ 5 of eligible contributions from voters, and they are allowed to raise limited amounts of "seed money" outside of the lump sum they pay. they received from the state.
For clean election candidates in such situations, the code of ethics requires that they make a public statement about the contribution and give others the opportunity to say why they think the commissioner should recuse themselves.
The commission said at the time that the code of ethics had been adopted that it intended to exempt candidates in clean elections from the requirement. Four of the five current members of the commission were elected with funding from Clean Elections.
Some of the Legislative Council's arguments regarding the code of ethics focus on process and procedure. They note that the official comments guiding Commissioners on how to comply include instructions that are not actually part of the written rules. The prohibition on any employee of regulated entities from contributing to commissioners, for example, is in a commentary, not in the text of a rule itself.
These comments also include rules requiring commissioners to disclose contributions and publicly available information on the funding of independent spending on the commission's website. These requirements are also part of Arizona's campaign finance laws and must also be disclosed to the Secretary of State's office.
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Issue: Lync client on Virtual Dektop on ESX host not being able to log on when using LACP on the HP virtual connect module i.e. 2 Uplinks to the Virtual Connect Modules.
We are having a very strange issue where when we remove/disable one of the uplinks on Cisco Nexus Switch which forms the LACP – the Lync clients works straight away i.e. logs in.
When we have both uplinks enabled, it seems – the route is not being found/returned.
We have been in discussions with the Cisco guys, VMware guys, HP Guys and still struggling to establish, why this could be happening with 2 uplinks and not with 1.
Has anyone comes across a similar issue? Or could someone with their experienced / trained eye spot something basic we might be missing?
This is affecting only some of the VLAN's (which the network team calls routed VLAN's); also if the client is on the same network / VLAN of the lync server we do not experience this issue.
Guys any help / pointers would be useful.
What LACP mode are you running in and what load balancing method is being used?
VC for Cisco Admins on page 18 talks about LACP load balancing and which work with VC.


How do we know a quantum particle is in a superposition if detecting the particle will destroy the superposition?
It's not possible to KNOW that the particle is in a superposition of states since we can't observe the superposition. The superposition idea is trying to explain what must be happening in the real world given that Schrodinger's Wave Equation works. Schrodinger's Wave Equation (and later upgrades like the equations of Quantum Electrodynamics) are very successful at predicting the results of quantum physics experiments. The Copenhagen Interpretation, the original interpretation of Schrodinger's Wave Equation, describes the reality underlying the equation as a superposition.
Quantum physicists are in a situation similar to chemists before atoms could be observed with powerful microscopes. (See this article for information on our current ability to observe atoms.) Chemists predicted the results of their experiments on the assumption that atoms exist. They used atomic behavior in their calculations very successfully. Yet, for a century, from the 1800's into the 1900's, they had no hope of observing atoms. Some might have said that even, in principle, observation would be impossible. Similarly, many quantum physicists describe the state of quantum particles prior to detection as a superposition because doing so helps them to understand what is going on. They probably have even less hope of detecting a superposition than did chemists regarding observing an atom.
However, interestingly, I just ran across this article on a proposed 2018 experiment that may help them take a peek into the world of the superposition.
The concept of the superposition is part of the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics. But there are other explanations, for example, the de Broglie-Bohmian Interpretation, the Many Worlds interpretation, the Transactional Interpretation, and many others. Many don't require the superposition idea.
The superposition idea, whether it will survive in the long run, is useful. Take the example of a photon of sunlight in photosynthesis. Plants are able to use the red photons from the sun. Red photons zip through the cells of a leaf to the "reaction center" where they provide the energy for photosynthesis, that is, the production of sugars.
The trouble is that, once absorbed by a molecule of chlorophyll, the photon must find its way through a maze of cells to find the reaction center, where it will contribute its energy. If the photon used the ordinary strategy of wandering through the maze, its energy would be lost long before it reached the reaction center. But, in fact, biologists have found that plants are able to use almost every red photon for sugar production. How?


It is surreal how time flies. Days spinned to weeks, months, and in a blink of an eye it is already 5 years! Here is to chocolate dripping off this stack of whole-wheat pancakes because it is your day and Mama loves you beyond the moon.


If we don't model the daylight, we're just guessing.
Gnomon* Consulting, LLC is a daylighting consultancy based in Seattle, WA. Our goal is to promote design decisions that result in energy savings and delightful access to natural light in buildings. We work with architects, engineers, lighting designers, and owners in an integrated design process from early planning stages to completion of projects. Making the right decisions about site and building orientation at the outset is key to the success of any daylighting and energy-saving design strategies. Because daylight modeling is an essential step in testing how well a proposed design solution will perform, it is also a key part of sustainable design practice.
Our daylighting consulting services include analysis, daylight modeling and visualization; assistance with selection of materials and lighting control systems; and computer simulation and documentation of daylighting credits for various building rating systems, including LEED, Collaborative for High performance Schools (CHPS), and Washington Sustainable Schools Protocol (WSSP). Gnomon Consulting, LLC is a Women's Business Enterprise (WBE) certified with the State of Washington.
According to Heinz Rudolf, Partner at BOORA Architects in Portland, "The only way to see what is really happening in a daylit space under various seasonal conditions is to model it. I believe that every important daylighted room should be modeled . . . if we don't model the daylighting in our spaces, we're just guessing."
*A gnomon is the part of a sundial that casts the shadow. Gnomon (pronounced nomon) is an ancient Greek word meaning "indicator," "one who discerns," or "that which reveals."
(c) Copyright 2009-2014 Gnomon Consulting, LLC All rights reserved.


text:
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Copyright © 2015 Bukwang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.All Rights Reserved.
Trusted Company
Bukwang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was established on October 17th, 1960 and has since continued to produce excellent medications with the aim of improving global health for the last 55 years. Since Bukwang was listed in the Korea Stock Exchange in 1988, Bukwang is proud to have kept a healthy financial status and stable track record that earned trust from its employees and shareholders. Bukwang's operating profit is at the top of the rank in the industry, nearing 20% as of financial year 2014.
Bukwang's armamentarium consists of more than 100 products in various therapeutic areas: liver disease treatments such as Levovir and Legalon, diabetic complication products such as Dexid and Thioctacid, CNS disorder drugs including Lonasen, Ixel and Orfil, and respiratory disease treatments such as Azeptin and Asima. Bukwang continues to grow its original drug business through consistent focus on new drug development.
Bukwang was designated as "Korea Innovative Pharmaceutical Company" by the Korean government. Bukwang developed Levovir (clevudine) as the 4th new drug for hepatitis B in the world and licensed out to countries in Asia. Also, the first GMP manufacturing facility in Korea was established by Bukwang, and a new GMP facility that meets global standards was built as well, which improved our productive competitive edge.
Bukwang is developing innovative new drug candidates in partnership with pharmaceutical and bio-venture companies in Korea and abroad. Bukwang is carrying out multinational clinical trial for an anti-diatetes compound together with Melior Pharmaceuticals in the US, and co-developing a targeted anti-cancer drug with LSK BioPartners in the US. Also, Bukwang licensed in a novel candidate for movement disorder in Parkinson's disease patients from Contera Pharma in Denmark, which Bukwang acquired in 2014. Bukwang has an affiliated company called Anterogen, a Korean bio-venture company specializing in cell therapies using adult stem cells. In 2012, Bukwang participated in financing of EyeGene, a Korean bio-venture, and in 2015, invested in Acer Therapeutics, a rare disease specialist company in the US. In addition, Bukwang signed a strategic partnership with TVM Capital Life Science, a globally renown venture capital firm, and carried out investment in an American CRO through Medivate Partners, a leading healthcare investment firm in Korea. Bukwang will continue to invest in promising companies in Korea and abroad.
In addition to ethical drugs, Bukwang is expanding its consumer health division with OTC products, household goods (toothpastes, hair care, skin care) and nutritional supplements with the hope of improving the consumers' health and quality of life.
Bukwang is focusing its investment on R&D and currently developing the following new drug candidates:
MLR-1023: insulin sensitizer in type 2 diabetes
JM-010: levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease patients
JM-012: morning akinesia in Parkinson's disease patients
SOL-804: Prostate cancer treatment
Dyna Therapeutics: Drug research and development
Bukwang acquired 100% shares of Contera Pharma ApS in 2014, which is a bioventure company specializd in CNS area. We are establishing an R&D network with the Danish academia, laboratories, pharmas and bio-ventures.
Also, Bukwang has a subsidiary company Anterogen Co., Ltd., a Korean bioventure developing cell therapies using adult stem cells.
We are planning to continue investment in R&D in order to sustain new drug development.
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Dr. Wojciech Kocyan
Dr. Wojciech Kocyan is an LMU Clinical Professor of Music and Artist in Residence who has wowed audiences around the world with his piano artistry, but his chosen home for the past two decades has been a classroom on the bluff. Hailing from Katowice, Poland, Kocyan strives to help young musicians master their crafts, while preparing them for careers in the competitive world of music.
Receiving his Doctorate of Musical Arts from the University of Southern California, Kocyan recalls practicing at the piano for upwards of 12 hours a day in his youth, but says that LMU's music program aims to attract students who are seeking a broader musical education than one that just opens the doors to playing in Carnegie Hall.
Recently, Gramophone magazine, widely considered the world's most prestigious classical music journal, selected Kocyan's recording of Prokofiev, Scriabin and Rachmaninoff as one of the 50 best classical recordings ever made, alongside such legends as Leonard Bernstein, Dietrich Fisher-Dieskau and Arthur Rubinstein, among others.


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Half the wolf population under threat
Wildlife commissions in four regions of southeastern Norway sided with ranchers and landowners on Thursday in calling for a wolf hunt aimed at wiping out five wolf packs now living in wolf zones where they're supposed to be protected. That's twice as many as the commissions' professional secretariat advised.
The commissions for the regions of Hedmark, Oslo, Akershus and Østfold voted at a joint meeting for a wolf hunt that would be record large and shoot as many as 32 wolves within the wolf zones plus 12 outside the zones. A majority concluded that Norway's wolf population, which currently numbers around 80 wolves, could tolerate the hunt.
The minority strongly disagreed, with Benedicte Lund of the Greens Party in Østfold telling state broadcaster NRK that it's "unfortunate" that after two years with record low loss of free-grazing livestock to predators, that a record-high hunt is approved.
Environmental and animal rights groups Naturvernforbundet and NOAH had appealed the hunt for the 12 wolves outside the zones. Now it's up to the Environment Ministry to decide whether to approve the hunt for wolves that still stand on a list of the world's threatened species.