N. Welch Morrisette, Jr., U.S. Atty., William A. Horger, Asst. U.S. Atty., Columbia, S.C., for plaintiff.
Irvine F. Belser, Jr., Claud N. Sapp, Columbia, S.C., for defendants.
The above entitled case has been tried twice. The first trial resulted in a verdict of guilty. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the judgment entered on that verdict and remanded the case for a new trial. See 271 F.2d 635. The second trial, February 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, 1960, again resulted in a verdict of guilty and the same sentences that were imposed on the first trial were reimposed February 23, 1960. On February 29, 1960, the defendants served and filed a written motion "for a new trial * * * on the ground that after the said case had been submitted to the jury and immediately before the said jury began its deliberations * * * extraneous information * * * prejudicial to both defendants was brought to the attention of the jury by an official of the court and that said information was such as to make impossible fair and impartial consideration * * * of the case as to either defendants". The motion was based on attached affidavits of three of the five women jurors in the case, viz., Mrs. Norean M. Dean, Mrs. Juanita H. Marshall, and Miss Martha A. Wessinger.
In her affidavit Juror Dean stated that immediately after the Judge's charge, at about 1:30 P.M., Saturday, February 20, 1960, two Deputy Marshals conducted the jurors to the Jefferson Hotel for lunch; that while the jurors and the Deputy Marshals were seated at a long dining table, waiting to be served, she "commented, I wonder where the defendants are staying", and that Deputy Marshal Davis replied, "I don't know about the Holmes' but I can tell you where Bedami is staying. Maybe I shouldn't be telling you this, but he is in the Lexington County jail serving a six-year sentence".
Juror Marshall, in her affidavit, added something to what was said in Juror Dean's affidavit, viz., "As soon as he [Deputy Marshal] said this, he sort of bit his lips and clammed up. He gave me the impression that he realized he had said something he shouldn't have said".
In her affidavit, Juror Wessinger said, among other statements, "Mrs. Dean, who was sitting two places over to my left, commented that she wondered `where the defendants are staying'. The Deputy Marshal who was sitting across the table from and almost opposite Mrs. Dean stated in reply, `I don't know about the Holmes', but Bedami is in jail serving a six-year * * *' I don't recall whether he actually completed his sentence and used the word `sentence', but that is what I understood him to mean. He caught himself at that point and added something to the effect that `maybe I shouldn't have said that'".
"* * * After the jury was seated, a party whose name at the time was unknown but later determined to be Mrs. Dean, asked a question which I thought was directed at me. `Wonder where the Holmes' are staying?' I answered, `I do not know where the Holmes' are staying, but I know where Bedami is staying'. Another question was asked as to where, either by Mrs. Marshall or Mrs. Dean, I am not sure which, as there was a lot of talk around the table by the other jurors. My answer to this was, `Lexington County Jail.' After this, I pushed away from the table, raising my hands and saying, `No more questions, please.' After this, Mrs. Dean made the remark, `Well, it makes no difference, we have all read about it in the newspaper.'"
All twelve of the jurors testified. Six of them said they heard nothing of the claimed conversation between Juror Dean and Deputy Marshal Davis. The other six were not in complete agreement about just what was said. Upon being closely examined Juror Dean expressed some uncertainty about the expression attributed to the Deputy Marshal in her affidavit to the effect that Bedami was then serving a six-year sentence in the Lexington County jail. However, it was abundantly established that Juror Dean expressed an interest in the whereabouts of the defendants, something that was not at issue in the case. It is also evident that the Deputy Marshal construed the juror's remark or interrogatory as being directed at him. He thereupon disclaimed any knowledge of the whereabouts of Holmes, a disclaimer that hardly could have had a deleterious effect on any right of the defendant Holmes. The Deputy Marshal did know about Bedami and truthfully stated that he was being held in the Lexington County jail. Certainly there was no significance in the statement that the jail where he was kept was the Lexington County jail. In fact it is common knowledge that defendants in criminal cases are often held in jail to await the outcome of their trials.
I find no sound basis for concluding that either of the defendants was prejudiced by what the Deputy Marshal said. I even gravely doubt that the words "serving a six-year sentence" were used by the Deputy Marshal. He testified that he did not recall using any such expression. Perhaps some of the jurors had read such a statement in a newspaper. One or more of the women jurors testified that she had seen such a statement in one or both daily newspapers published in Columbia.
While the Court is overruling the motion for a new trial, it feels bound to state that it does not acquiesce in or approve the practice apparently followed by counsel in this case; that of personally interviewing jurors after the rendition of a verdict in search of grounds for a new trial. If such a practice should be condoned and thus encouraged, it would soon ruin the jury system; it would be brought into disrepute.
"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, we are now going to take a recess until tomorrow morning at ten o'clock. It is my responsibility to say to you that as jurors you should be extremely careful not to talk about this case with anybody, or allow anybody to talk to you about it or in your presence about it. If some person should undertake to talk to you about this case, maybe not knowing that you were on the jury, or maybe knowing that you are, it would be your duty, as a sworn officer of this Court, to notify such person that you are a member of this jury and ask them not to talk about it.
"If that person should undertake, notwithstanding your request to the contrary, to continue to talk to you or at you about this case, it would then be your duty, as a juror, to take the name of that person and report it to the Court for appropriate action.
"I say to you, we must try this case, as all other cases here in this Courtroom, upon testimony adduced on the witness stand under oath, in the presence of the parties who are interested, in the presence of the defendants and their counsel and in the presence of the U.S. Attorney and his Assistants who represent the Government.
"In other words, ladies and gentlemen, you and I together represent the character and the integrity of this Court. I think it has been kept clean and I hope and I believe that you and I are going to continue to keep it clean. You will be excused now until ten o'clock tomorrow morning."
"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, we are now going to take a recess until three o'clock. I wish to caution you again, as I did on yesterday afternoon, that you should not talk about this case to anybody or in the presence of other people, or allow anybody to talk to you about it.
"I repeat, we are to try this case on testimony that comes from the witness stand under oath in your presence, in my presence, in the presence of the defendants and the counsel engaged in this case; not upon some street corner talk; not on what somebody anonymously might say over a telephone or by any statement coming from any other source other than this witness stand. You would stultify yourselves if you permitted that to be done. It would bring this Court into disrepute, if you permitted it to be done.
"I am excusing you now until three o'clock. Be back in your seats at three o'clock."
Thereafter, from day to day, until the trial was over, the Court continued to repeat similar instructions. If Juror Dean had observed the instructions that were given her there would have been no occasion for this motion. She was asked on the hearing of this motion if she didn't recall such instructions being given her and her answer was, "Yes sir, I remember it". Next she was asked if she remembered those instructions when she was in the hotel dining room. Her answer was, "Oh yes". She was then asked if she didn't care about the instructions that were given her, and her answer was, "Well, your Honor, I had no idea that that was talking out of line; just making a casual, or asking a casual question. I mean, it didn't much cross —".
I was impressed that Mrs. Dean's attitude was one of indifference as to what the Court's instructions had been; that she wanted to know particularly where the defendant Holmes was staying and she made the inquiry to find out. The juror's conduct should be and it is condemned.
Deputy Marshal Davis should have warned Juror Dean that she was violating the Court's instructions or, failing in that, he should have ignored her questioning comment. He, too, is to be condemned for the part he played in this incident.
I am seriously considering citing both the juror and the Deputy Marshal for contempt of court.
There remains for consideration this issue: Was the motion of the defendants made and filed within the time required by Rule 33, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure? It is the contention of the Government that Rule 33 is a limitation on the right to make the type motion that the defendants are making to 5 days "after verdict or finding of guilty or within such further time as the court may fix during the 5-day period". If the Government's position is well taken, defendants' motion will of necessity be denied and dismissed, because the motion was not made and filed within 5 days after the rendition of the verdict or a finding of guilty, nor was the time for making the motion extended by the Court during such 5-day period. However, the defendants strenuously contend that the 5-day limitation is not applicable to the motion which they have made. They construe their motion as one made on newly discovered evidence, sometimes denominated after-discovered evidence.
As I understand the rule concerning the granting of new trials on newly discovered evidence, the defendants' motion is not one for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence as that term is traditionally understood by both Bench and Bar. The new testimony must be material and be competent, — not cumulative, or for the impeachment of another witness; and generally speaking so-called newly discovered evidence is not a sufficient ground for granting a new trial unless it is credible and probably would have changed the result if it had been produced on the trial of the case. It is true that these words appear in the opening sentence of the Rule: "The court may grant a new trial to a defendant if required in the interest of justice", but that declaration is qualified by the thereinafter prescribed limitations as to time. There is nothing in the Rule that makes a collateral attack on the verdict, such as is made by this motion, the equivalent of a motion for a new trial on after-discovered evidence, for which the Rule establishes a two-year limitation. It is to be presumed that the rule makers had in mind the traditional meaning of newly discovered evidence. Nothing in the Rule itself indicates that the rule makers had any different understanding as to what constituted newly discovered evidence. Certainly the claimed newly discovered evidence could not be used in the instant case should it be tried again. To inject such a collateral issue in the case would divert the attention of the jurors away from the main issue, the guilt or innocence of the defendants. By such a course justice would not be promoted; it would be perverted. See United States v. Smith, 331 U.S. 469, 67 S.Ct. 1330, 91 L.Ed. 1610.
There are numerous cases in which courts have held that claims of misconduct on the part of jurors did not fall within the classification of newly discovered evidence, as that term is generally understood and applied by the courts. When the Rule says that the claimed newly discovered evidence must be material and must be competent, it is not referring to the materiality or competency of the evidence on the pending motion, if there is one, but to its materiality and competency on the trial of the case.
"There must ordinarily be present and concur five verities, to wit: (a) The evidence must be in fact, newly discovered, i.e., discovered since the trial; (b) facts must be alleged from which the court may infer diligence on the part of the movant; (c) the evidence relied on, must not be merely cumulative or impeaching; (d) it must be material to the issues involved; and (e) it must be such, and of such nature, as that, on a new trial, the newly discovered evidence would probably produce an acquittal."
Taking the foregoing as a guide, it may be said that the defendants have met the conditions of (a), (b) and (c), but not those of (d) and (e). Necessarily a motion for a new trial because of the misconduct of a juror would have to follow an adverse verdict of the jury. Since the rule governing motions for new trials, based on newly discovered evidence, requires diligence, the facts in this case clearly indicate that the diligence exerted in this case in the defendants' behalf is not the kind contemplated by the rule, — the canvassing of jurors in search of something with which to impeach their verdict. This is another evidence that the motion is not of the character claimed for it. The first three verities mentioned in the Johnson case, supra, are not sufficient to warrant the granting of a new trial upon the ground of after-discovered evidence, even if they be regarded as fully established, since more must be made to appear before the motion can be brought within the newly discovered evidence rule. The one designated "(c)", to the effect that the evidence relied on "must not be merely cumulative or impeaching" clearly indicates that this motion is not one for a new trial based upon newly discovered evidence. It relates to nothing that could have been testified to or that was testified to on the trial, or that could be testified to on a new trial. Then as to verities "(d)" and "(e)" it is indisputably a fact that the evidence tendered for the Court's consideration is not material to any issue involved in the defendants' trial, nor is there a showing that the claimed newly discovered evidence would probably produce an acquittal, if a new trial should be granted. It could not produce an acquittal since it could not be offered in evidence on a new trial, for it could throw no possible light on the guilt or innocence of the defendants.
"It must be remembered that we are not dealing here with a motion for a new trial initiated by the defense, under Rule 33 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, presenting untruthful statements by a Government witness subsequent to the trial as newly discovered evidence affecting his credibility at the trial. Such an allegation by the defense ordinarily will not support a motion for a new trial, because new evidence which is `merely cumulative or impeaching' is not, according to the often-repeated statement of the courts, an adequate basis for the grant of a new trial."
The Mesarosh case inferentially supports the views herein expressed.
The evidence and statements by defendants' counsel, heard on the motion for a new trial, clearly indicate that counsel for defendants had sufficient information concerning the circumstances relied upon in support of the motion for a new trial, within the 5-day period prescribed by Rule 33, to have applied to the Court for an extension of the 5-day limit for making and filing such motion. Why they did not do so, I can only surmise.
The defendants' motion should be denied, first on its merits, and second because it was not timely made and filed. It is so ordered.


text:
Passive Design
Controlling temperature with passive design: an introduction
Thermal simulation
Location, orientation and layout
Glazing and glazing units
Controlling indoor air quality
Humidity and condensation
Controlling airborne contaminants
Controlling noise
Material Use
Wet Areas
About Level
Designing the building and the spaces within it to benefit from natural light, ventilation and even temperatures.
Humidity and condensation can compromise building occupants' health and comfort, damage interior finishes, and raise heating costs.
relative humidity (RH)
reasons for high humidity
controlling humidity
maintaining a comfortable humidity range
condensation.
Air usually contains water vapour, the amount depending primarily on the temperature of the air. Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air, so as the air temperature falls, the maximum amount of water the air can hold also falls.
The ratio of water vapour in the air to the maximum amount of water vapour the air can hold at a particular temperature is expressed as relative humidity (RH). For example, a RH of 30% means that the air contains 30% of the moisture it can possibly hold at that particular temperature.
When air can hold no more moisture at a given temperature (i.e. the RH is 100%), the air is said to be saturated.
As air temperature increases, its capacity to hold moisture also increases, so if air temperature rises and its moisture content remains the same, the RH decreases.
Humidity affects both thermal comfort and indoor air quality. For example:
high RH (very moist air) will make people feel chilled in cold weather and hot and sticky in warm weather
low RH (very dry air) can cause dryness and discomfort in the nose and make skin feel dry and itchy.
In addition to the direct effect on comfort, damp air:
facilitates the growth of fungi (mould) and bacteria that can cause respiratory problems and/or allergic reactions
provides the conditions for dust mite populations to grow, which can affect asthma sufferers
results in odours in poorly ventilated spaces because of fungal growth
will result in condensation forming on windows, walls and ceilings that are colder than the air temperature and potentially damaging building materials.
NZS 4303:1990 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality recommends relative humidity no greater than 60% in habitable spaces specifically to minimise the levels of allergenic or pathogenic organisms such as fungi and dust mites.
Household activities such as cooking, washing, drying clothes inside and using unflued gas heaters, as well as peoples' breathing, provide the primary sources of moisture that cause humidity indoors. (A person exhales approximately 200 millilitres of water vapour per hour while awake and approximately 20 millilitres of water vapour per hour during sleep).
Other sources of moisture may also include:
water leakage through the building envelope
damp ground conditions under suspended timber floors
retained construction moisture, i.e. moisture retained in building materials such as timber framing, concrete floors and plaster, after installation
plumbing leaks.
Internal humidity can be controlled by:
removing moisture at source, for example, using an extract fan in the bathroom, using a rangehood in the kitchen, venting a dryer to the outside and using only externally vented gas heaters
passive ventilation by opening windows. BRANZ testing has found that opening windows wide for just 10–15 minutes each day can lower moisture levels inside a house
raising indoor temperatures by effective insulation and heating. Data from BRANZ research shows that houses heated to 18˚C experience far fewer periods of high humidity
occupants not drying clothes on racks inside.
To prevent moisture from the space under a floor getting into the building and increasing the levels of internal moisture:
ensure there is good ventilation under suspended timber floors – clear openings of 3500 mm2 per square metre of floor area must be provided
cover the ground with a vapour barrier such as polyethylene sheet where there is high ground water content under the building or where sufficient underfloor ventilation cannot be provided. (Even with a vapour barrier, minimum subfloor ventilation openings of 700 mm2 per square metre of floor area must still be provided.)
The most effective passive ventilation to remove internal moisture is simply to open windows. These should preferably be on opposite sides of the building to maintain a good cross air flow.
Vents in window frames allow air movement while maintaining security when the house is closed up. The recommended minimum vent area is 4000 mm2 of air opening per room space for an average size room. This can be achieved by a 600 mm long vent in a window frame.
New Zealand has a year round, outdoor RH of between 70–80% in coastal areas and about 10% lower inland. Indoor relative humidities are generally lower than outdoor relative humidities ranging, in New Zealand dwellings, from 30% to 65% during the day-time in a dry house, and 50% to 75% in a damp house. Cold bedrooms can have relative humidities of 80% - 90% at night-time. For optimum occupant comfort, relative humidity of 40–60% is recommended. By insulating to help retain heat in winter and providing adequate ventilation to remove indoor moisture generated by occupants, heating requirements (and costs) may be reduced without compromising occupant comfort.
Condensation occurs when warm, moisture-laden air comes into contact with a colder surface such as glass. The air temperature in contact with the colder surface suddenly drops, reducing the amount of moisture it can hold. This results in moisture formation, or condensation, occurring on the cold surface.
Condensation is most obvious on uninsulated, heat conductive surfaces like glass, and is less noticeable on surfaces such as plasterboard. Nevertheless, it does occur on all surfaces that are cold enough and becomes apparent by mould growth on walls and ceilings. It can also be seen where 'pattern' staining on walls identifies the location of timber framing behind the wall lining.
Condensation causes damage to interior paintwork, the inside surface of wall linings, floor coverings, curtains, and furnishings. It results in increased heating costs (as additional energy is required to convert condensation back into vapour which is taken up by the air as the temperature rises), and presents a health hazard.
Condensation can be controlled in two ways: first, by reducing humidity (by reducing sources of humidity and through effective ventilation as explained above) so that air is less likely to become saturated; second, by reducing the likelihood of warm air coming into contact with cold surfaces. This can be achieved through insulation.
Changing from single glazed windows to double glazing with standard aluminium frames may not get rid of condensation problems. Aluminium is a good conductor of heat. On very cold days, the inside of the frame can be almost as cold as the outside, and moist air inside the house then condenses on the frames and runs down.
Thermally-broken aluminium frames have a spacer with a higher level of thermal performance between the inner and outer parts of the metal frame. BRANZ testing has shown that frames with this feature can be almost 60% more thermally efficient than those without it. This can significantly reduce the risk of condensation.
Other options to reduce condensation include using composite aluminium/timber frames, timber, uPVC or fibreglass frames. Specifying window frames with built-in passive ventilation is also a good idea.
BRANZ shop
Bulletin BU581 Residential mechanical ventilation systems
NZBC Documents
E3 Internal moisture
F2 Hazardous building material
F3 Hazardous substances and processes
G4 Ventilation
New Zealand Standards
Smarterhomes.org.nz – moisture
Smarterhomes.org.nz – unhealthy air
US Environmental Protection Agency indoor air quality
www.epa.gov – mould
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


These hotels and motels are conveniently located near History Center. Compare special online rates and reserve a room.
If you are planning a visit to see History Center and would like to view a map of Orlando, FL, please use our RoadsideAmerica Attractions Map.
If you're in Orlando to visit History Center, check out some of the less official museums in Orlando . . . also landmark, statues and tourist attractions recommended by the Editors of RoadsideAmerica.com.


text:
Die Pride of Rotterdam (deutsch: "Stolz Rotterdams") ist eine in den Niederlanden registrierte RoPax-Fähre für Passagiere und Güter, welche für P&O Ferries mit ihrem Schwesterschiff Pride of Hull die 378 km (204 Seemeilen) lange Verbindung Kingston upon Hull–Rotterdam bedient.

Beschreibung
Die Pride of Rotterdam ist etwa 215,5 Meter lang, 31,9 Meter breit und hat einen maximalen Tiefgang von circa 6 Metern.

Sie wird von vier Wärtsilä-9L46C-Dieselmotoren mit einer Gesamtleistung von 37.800 kW angetrieben. Diese können sie auf 22 Knoten (etwa 41 km/h) Höchstgeschwindigkeit beschleunigen.

Die Pride of Rotterdam kann bis zu 1.360 Passagiere befördern. Sie besitzt 3.300 laufende Lademeter und kann 250 Pkw und höchstens 400 Lkw-Auflieger laden. Autos und Motorräder befahren das Schiff über eine seitliche Rampe und werden vom Güterbereich getrennt verstaut. Lkw und Container gelangen über das Heck in einen separaten Ladebereich.

Geschichte

Die Kiellegung des unter der Baunummer 6065 gebauten Schiffes fand am 1. März 1999 statt. Ursprünglich sollte sie Pride of Hull heißen, der Name wurde aber noch vor dem Stapellauf am 29. September 2000 in Pride of Rotterdam geändert. Die Pride of Rotterdam wurde am 12. April 2001 in Venedig, Italien, an die Reederei P&O North Sea Ferries übergeben. Sie wurde am 27. April 2001 von Königin Beatrix der Niederlande getauft und trat am 30. April 2001 ihren Dienst auf der Strecke Rotterdam–Kingston upon Hull an.

Der Eigner der Pride of Rotterdam ist Hampton Shipping, verwaltet und betrieben wird sie durch P&O North Sea Ferries. Der Heimathafen des Schiffes mit dem Rufzeichen PBAJ ist Rotterdam. Klassifiziert ist es durch Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Das Schiff besitzt eine Bruttovermessung von 59.925 BRZ.

Da die Pride of Rotterdam und ihre Schwester Pride of Hull zu breit für eine Passage der Schleuse im Hafen von Hull sind, wurde durch Associated British Ports ein neues Terminal nur für diese zwei Fähren am Humber gebaut. Der Bau des P&O-Fährterminals kostete etwa 14,3 Mio. Euro.

Am 21. November 2005 spielte bei der Überfahrt von Rotterdam nach Hull die niederländische Band BZN zu Ehren des 40. Jubiläums der Fährverbindung Hulls mit Rotterdam im Showprogramm auf der Pride of Rotterdam. Auf der Rückfahrt einen Tag später trat die Gruppe ebenfalls auf.

Am 3. Dezember 2008 ging ein Besatzungsmitglied vor der Ostküste Großbritanniens über Bord. Umfangreiche Such- und Rettungsmaßnahmen, unter anderem mit acht Motorrettungsbooten und Helikoptern der Royal-Air-Force-Basis Leconfield und des British Army-Militärflugplatzes Wattisham Airfield, brachten keinen Erfolg, wurden eingestellt und das Crewmitglied als verschollen erklärt.

Trivia
Mit ihren Ausmaßen und Transportkapazitäten waren die Pride of Rotterdam und die baugleiche Pride of Hull von 2001 bis 2004 die größten RoRo-Fähren der Welt.  Im Jahr 2004 fiel dieser Titel an die norwegische Color Fantasy.

In vielen Schiffsimulationsspielen, darunter "Schiff-Simulator 2008" und "Schiff-Simulator Extrem", ist es dem Spieler möglich, die Pride of Rotterdam in Regionen rund um die Welt zu steuern.

Weblinks

 Pläne der Decks der Pride of Rotterdam (englisch)
 Zeit-Online Artikel "Stolze Fähre"

Fußnoten

Passagierschiff (Niederlande)
Fähre
RoPax-Schiff
Motorschiff
Fincantieri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Exposure and injury risk in Swedish elite football: a comparison between seasons 1982 and 2001
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003 Dec;13(6):364-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1600-0838.2003.00327.x.
Martin Hägglund 1 , Markus Waldén, Jan Ekstrand
1 Department of Social Medicine and Public Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. hagglund.martin@telia.com
The long-term development of injury risk in Swedish male elite football was studied. Two prospective cohort studies from seasons 1982 and 2001 were compared with respect to exposure to football, injury incidence and injury severity. The mean number of training sessions during the season had increased by 68% between 1982 and 2001 (142 vs. 238, P<0.001), whereas teams played more matches in 1982 (49 vs. 41, P=0.02). The total exposure to football had increased by 27%. Three out of four players incurred an injury in both seasons. In 2001, players suffered more training injuries due to an increased training exposure. Accounting for risk exposure, there was no difference in injury incidence or severity between the two seasons. The incidence was 8.3 injuries/1000 h of total exposure (4.6 in training and 20.6 in matches) in 1982, compared to 7.8/1000 h-1 (5.2 in training and 25.9 in matches) in 2001. Major injuries accounted for 9% of all injuries, corresponding to an incidence of 0.8/1000 h of football, in both seasons. A trend from semi-professionalism to full professionalism in Swedish elite football was seen during the last two decades. The injury risk did not change over the same period.
Athletic Injuries / classification
Athletic Injuries / epidemiology*
Competitive Behavior
Physical Education and Training / statistics & numerical data
Soccer / statistics & numerical data*
Sweden / epidemiology
Trauma Severity Indices


Pope Francis is visiting the southern Italian towns of Alessano and Molfetta in Puglia to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the death of the popular Italian bishop Don Tonino Bello, remembered for his helping the poor, disadvantaged, and promoting peace.
The Pope arrived around 8:30 a.m in Alessano, in the province of Lecce, on the 'heel' of Italy's 'boot' from Rome's Ciampino Airport.
Alessano is the town where Bishop Tonino was born and later buried. There, the Pope prayed at the tomb of the pastor, loved also for being among the people and without pretenses (similar to our Argentine Pontiff). In 2007, the cause for beatification of Don Tonino, late bishop of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi, was opened.
After addressing the faithful of Alessano, Pope Francis flew north to where Molfetta, a port town where Don Tonino was bishop and died.
In the cathedral there, Pope Francis will say Mass. He is expected to arrive back in Rome around 1:30 p.m.


We would like to welcome Curtis Rippee to 25 Project's Board. Read more about Curtis and how he got involved with the 25 Project.
Curtis and his wife Deeann were married in 1996 and they have three daughters, Emma Grace, Abigail and Ellie. The Rippee family moved to McKinney in 2002 hoping to live, work and go to church in the same community. Curtis is an owner of ACIS, a commercial HVAC and Plumbing company that is headquartered in McKinney. The Rippees are very involved in their church, First McKinney, where Curtis and Deeann have served on multiple committees in addition to teaching adult and youth bible studies. Curtis has also had the privilege of serving on the McKinney ISD Board of Trustees since 2010.
We are so grateful for Curtis and his family!


text:
Soldiers And Airman Booted From VP Pence's Detail After Bringing Women Back To Panama Hotel
U.S. Air Force photo by Wesley Farnsworth
U.S. service members with Vice President Mike Pence's communications team during a visit to Panama were removed from their duties after they were caught on a security video bringing women back to their hotel in Panama, NBC news reported on Aug. 24.
air force Airman army Colombia communications detail defense officials huffington post latin america Marine Marine Corps mike pence NBC News officers scandal secret service soldier soldiers suspended vice president
Don't Wait Until The Trump Administration Gives An Illegal Order To Think About How You'll Respond
Carl Forsling
Karl Gunnarsson, under CC 2.0 Lic.
During the presidential campaign, Donald Trump spoke somewhat disturbingly about waterboarding, saying, "I love it, I think it's great. And I said the only thing is, we should make it much tougher than waterboarding, and if you don't think it works, folks, you're wrong." Though Trump himself has backed off those words, Vice President-elect Mike Pence wants the administration's opinion to be ambiguous. "We're going to have a president again who will never say what we'll never do," Pence said. That ambiguity, deliberate or not, may create a tactical advantage for the United States, but it surrenders the nation's moral advantage.
cia torture report illegal orders mike pence President-elect Donald Trump torture vice president waterboarding
Meet The Admirals Who Could Be Hillary Clinton's Vice President
Brian Adam Jones
Photo composite by Brian Adam Jones
Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the presumptive Democratic nominee for president of the United States, needs a vice president, and speculation is mounting as to who she may pick.
2016 election Admirals Bill McRaven Hillary Clinton James Stavridis navy vice president


The second annual Swipe conference for iOS and Mac designers is on in Sydney this week. We chat with Jake MacMullin, one of the conference organisers and presenters, to discuss the topic of mobile accessibility, and how Apple's devices make apps easier to use for people with a disability.
I'm an iOS and mobile specialist. I've worked as a developer and done bits and pieces of user experience and interaction design. Most recently I was working at the ABC, where I developed the iPhone and iPad versions of iView. Since then I've moved on and I'm working in a freelance capacity and really focusing in the mobile space at the moment.
Can you tell us a bit more about the iView project?
I actually approached the ABC – it was a couple of years ago now. This was when the iPad was first released in the US. I remember reading some news stories about someone from the ABC who had actually traveled to the US to be first in line to buy one of the iPads. And at that time I was working for the BBC, so I got in touch.
I was really interested to hear what the ABC had planned for this new platform. One thing lead to another and we got talking and I decided to join them to start working on the iView app for the iPad, which was released in December of 2010, I think.
It was really, really well-received. It actually went to number one in the app store on the day of launch, so it was such an exciting project to be part of.
I'm not surprised. I'm a big fan and I wasn't aware that you were involved in that, so kudos!
Thanks. I'm a huge fan of their service as well, which is why it was such a joy to work on the app. There's nothing better than developing an app that meets your own needs, and I love watching ABC content on whatever device I can watch it on. Being able to work on the iOS client has been great.
You're speaking at the Swipe Conference in a few weeks about accessibility. Can you talk to me about what accessibility means to you?
Basically I think accessibility is about providing an equivalent experience for users of your app, irrespective of whether they have got impaired vision, or impaired hearing, or impaired motor skills. It's really about sort of trying to use alternative means of input and output, to provide as equivalent an experience as possible.
You know, I use the word experience there, because it's not just about providing access to the content. If possible I think we should be aiming to also providing an equivalent experience in the use of the app, so a lot of thought is given these days to making apps that are easy to use; that are in fact a joy to use. If possible I think that same sort of thought needs to be given to people who want to use different ways of interacting with your app, but hopefully to achieve the same sort of experience.
Yeah, I think that's as good a definition as any!
There are obviously different kinds of accessibility hurdles due to the fact that there are so many kinds of physical challenges that people face. We've got blindness and partial vision, and deafness and mobility issues, and cognitive hurdles. Can you explain for us how iOS addresses some of these common hurdles that people with one or more of these conditions might have?
iOS the operating system has continued to evolve and continues to add features designed to help with accessibility. There's a lot that the operating system does for you, and that developers need to be aware of but don't need to really do anything to take advantage of.
For example, to help with vision impairment, there's a Zoom Mode, so you can configure your operating system such a double tap with three fingers on the screen triggers Zoom Mode. Then as you slide your three fingers up the screen it zooms in, and as you slide three fingers down it zooms out. That just magnifies everything on the screen. This allows people with impaired vision to have a look at a part of the screen in – to zoom in so it fills all the available space.
There are also things like High Contrast Mode which inverts the colour display, and I understand that helps people with some conditions to be able to read the text more clearly.
There's a Large Font Mode, which will increase the font size of some text in some apps. This doesn't affect all applications across the whole device, but certain applications like Messages or Email. Some of the most pertinent text in those applications can be increased if you switch to enable Large Font Mode.
Finally for vision impairment there's Voice Over, which I think we'll quickly go into a bit more detail later on.
When the iPhone first came out, it was the first touch platform I'd experienced, and I remember thinking, "The future is here!" Because I was working in web accessibility, I also remember thinking, "Oh no, there's no obvious way that blind people can get any kind of tactile feedback," like those little knobs on keys that indicate what is where. Were my concerns valid, or is it a better experience for blind users these days using something like iOS?
I think your concerns were certainly valid, because one of the main ways in which vision impaired people do interact with computers is by being able to know the keyboard layout. And as you suggested, the F and the J key have these little nodules on them that let you sense when your fingers are above them without actually having to look at it.
You can rely on the fact that all the other keys on the keyboard are in the same position relative to those two anchor points – the G key is always immediately to the right of the F, and the H key is always immediately to the left of the J key. You know you can rely on that. And one of the things about iOS when it came out was that it was that it didn't have a physical keyboard and hence was completely configurable. It's basically a featureless slate of glass onto which we as developers get to lay out our apps.
So when you launch the calculator up, for example, you're not interacting with a computing device that is running a calculator program. Basically you're interacting with a calculator and the keys sort of fill the screen and they're all laid out as you might expect on a calculator.
That means you can't make assumptions about keys being in the same position all the time because you don't really know what's on the screen at any point in time, and the user interface completely reconfigures itself based on what app you're using. So at first glance it might seem completely unusable to someone who can't see exactly what's going on the screen, but Apple actually, were aware of this from the get-go and have always had great accessibility features and have continued to improve them.
Voice Over is the screen reader in iOS, and it actually does a fantastic job of providing that alternative means of input and output to people who are visually impaired. So it can read to you what's on the screen, and then you can use different gestures to control the input so you don't need to know exactly where the keys are.
I'm aware that screen readers for desktop machines have traditionally been quite expensive so it's terrific to have that feature built in to the device.
It really is. But one of the things with Voice Over is that it's one of the few accessibility features on iOS that does require the cooperation of developers. Whereas for the other things like Zoom and High Contrast and the Large Font Mode, users can just turn them on in the system settings and the device will do all of those things. But Voice Over, once it's enabled, requires that apps be developed with kind of some thought given to how the screen reader's going to interact with the app.
How can I tell if I've created an accessible mobile app? Are there any tools or resources out there that you'd recommend people be aware of?
I guess the best way is to actually find someone with impaired vision to test your app for you. I think that's certainly the best way to find out if your app is accessible to people, and also whether the conventions used in your apps spoken user interface match those of the platform.
For those of us familiar with visible user interfaces, we come to expect certain things. There are certain kinds of conventions that are used across apps – tab bars, navigation bars, and table views. We get used to apps behaving in a particular way, and even when developers come out with a novel user interaction, other apps will often pick it up and you get a sense when something works in one particular way in one app, you can expect that other apps might provide similar interactions.
I think it's important to keep that in mind as well for spoken interfaces with Voice Over. For myself, as someone who speaks and isn't visually impaired, I can do an approximation of what it might be like to use an app by turning Voice Over on and trying to navigate my app with my eyes closed, and seeing if I can get to all the different parts of the app, and access all the information.
Now I haven't spent years using Voice Over as the main way of interacting with devices, so I'm not entirely familiar with the conventions. If I could recommend anything it would be that people find someone who could test it.
Obviously that might not always be possible, so I guess the next best thing is to turn Voice Over on, on the device. In system settings, you can actually configure a triple tap of the Home button on your device to toggle Voice Over on and off. I've always got that setting on, so if I want to quickly test out how someone else's app behaves with Voice Over, or how one of mine behaves, I can just triple click my Home button and turn it on for a while and use it and then turn it off.
The only caveat there is if you're testing your own user interfaces, obviously you made decisions about what would appear in which part of the app and how it's laid out, so you might know where elements are before you're actually trying to find them as a user.
If you don't have a vision impaired user who can help you test, give your app to someone who hasn't seen the interface before and ask them to try to use it with Voice Over, without looking, and see how it goes.
Finally, the iOS simulator does in fact include an accessibility inspector. So if you're a developer you can tick a box to have that appear on-screen while you're running your app in the simulator. What that will do is show you whether each of your user interface controls has the appropriate metadata, so the screen reader can read out something when the user selects that control.
I'd wager that the majority of iOS apps out there aren't even giving accessibility a second thought or are even aware of the fact that they should be thinking about this stuff. And there's probably even a portion of them who may be aware of it but consciously decide to ignore it either seems to hard or they're kind of rationalising it as the 80/20 rule—it's a minority of users, so they're only impacting a certain number of people. What would you say to folks who take that approach?
I think you're probably right. It probably is a bit of a mixed bag at the moments. There are certainly some pretty high-profile apps whose visible user interfaces have been carefully crafted and had so much attention to detail but when you turn Voice Over on and you run your finger across, Voice Over reads out, "Button. Button. Button." Obviously those are three different buttons, one of which might delete your content, while one of them might save your content.
You have to wonder, "Well how can people who laboured so lovingly over their user interface have completely ignored this aspect of it?" Especially when it's actually so easy to do the little bit of work so that Voice Over can read out something more meaningful. The APIs are really quite simple – it's just a matter of setting an accessibility label for the user interface elements in your app, and that's just a string of text that Voice Over will read out when that element is selected. By setting that one big of string – just one label for each element – that's kind of the minimum you need to do to get Voice Over to provide a basic version of your interface.
I guess the main thing I would say to people is to do the basic version, and then once you've done that it's worth probably spending the extra time to think about how can you provide the sort of equivalent experience using your app – the sort of shortcuts and ease of use, and even delight that you have thought of so much about in your visible research base. Can you do anything in the spoken interface to make sure that it's just as enjoyable to use? Often a little bit of thought often goes a long way.
Thinking about creating a delightful "accessibility mode" makes me think of having Snoop Dogg narrate the button lists on the page.
Wouldn't it just? So what about accessibility in browsing the web from an iPhone? Is there anything that developers and designers can do to make a website more accessible to visitors who are viewing it on an iOS device?
There's nothing really specific to an iOS device that I'm aware of. A caveat here, that most of my experience with accessibility has been in the native apps. But the Voice Over screen reader is available within the Safari app as well. As long as you're adhering to best practice with your web content, and that's really making sure it adheres to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, probably version two at the moment. If your content adheres to all of those guidelines then Voice Over should do a really good job of providing access to it.
You mentioned delight and usability before – I've had conversations with colleagues about how a lot of web apps or mobile apps are useable but don't necessarily bring delight. Then there is the other end of the spectrum, where the app is delightful but entirely unusable. Do you have any advice for designers and developers that are creating mobile apps who want to bring delight and keep it accessible?
I guess one way to bring delight to users is to use custom gestures in your user interface – in particular, pinch gestures. For example there's an app called Clear on the iPhone, where you pinch your fingers apart to sort of pull items in your to-do list apart. Once you've pulled them sufficiently far apart to expose a gap between them, a new element pops into that gap. Likewise, the opposite happens when you pinch them shut, it collapses the to-do list and takes you up a level in the information hierarchy. That is a real joy to use because of that interaction and the sound effects and things that go with it.
In terms of accessibility, I haven't actually tried to use it in Voice Over turned on so I don't know how it is on that front. We've also got to consider that there could be users who have impaired motor skills and they mightn't be so easily able to make those pinch gestures. So it could be that the whole concept for your app is so heavily based on particular gestures, and there isn't really a good alternative.
There is a feature in iOS for people with impaired motor skills that will allow you to use external hardware to bring up a menu that then lets you perform any of the built in gestures like rotate or pinch, or double tap. So even people who have very little motor skills and perhaps can only operate a single joystick device can actually trigger the rotate gesture or the pinch gesture.
It still requires a fair bit of messing around to summon that menu, and then to choose the gesture you want to execute, and then select it. So often the thought that's gone into making those delightful interfaces is about how can you make it so easy to get to your content – perhaps by providing an alternative way of accessing items in your list or inserting new items into your list through single taps, as opposed to complex gestures.
I heard an interview on the podcast Iterate with the designers who worked on Clear, where they discussed the fact that they did just that. For every interaction, there's a 'delight' way of doing, and there's also a simpler single 'tap' way, so you can still navigate the interface with using a single finger without having to do all of the pinch gestures.
What can attendees to Swipe Conference 2012 expect from your session?
I'm going to outline the accessibility features in iOS, so some of those that I've discussed here, and go into a little more detail about some of the others as well. I'll briefly cover a little bit about the application program interface that developers can use to make sure their apps are accessible.
As I mentioned, that's actually quite simple, so I won't dwell too much on it. I'll talk more about the design process and the design considerations that you need to give to the spoken interface. I'll be talking about the work we did to make sure that the iPhone version of iView is as accessible as it can be, and talk through some of the design decisions that we made in order to make sure that Voice Over works really well with that. Finally, there will be an opportunity to ask questions.
Swipe Conference is a two-day conference about designing and developing for iOS and the Mac. It's on at the Hoyts Entertainment Quarter in Sydney from 6 – 7 September, 2012, and features a ton of local and international presenters. There's also a day of workshops on 5 September.


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How is a star born? – Kenyannews
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Home/News/Business/Kenya to float New Eurobond before end of 2021
Kenya to float New Eurobond before end of 2021
Ndungu Jay Send an email 3 weeks ago
Kenya has written to the International Monetary Fund(IMF) indicating its intention to float a new Eurobond before the end of this year.
In a Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies (MEFP) to the IMF, signed by Kenya's Treasury CS Ukur Yatani and CBK Governor Dr Patrick Njoroge, Kenya said it plans to issue a Eurobond by the end of December 2021 to provide financing of the 2021/22 budget.
This financing was previously programmed for early 2022 but appears to have hastened the process to avoid the risks associated with the upcoming general elections in August 2022.
Kenya also told the IMF that it will issue another Eurobond by end of June 2022, subject to favourable market conditions, to repay in full or part the bond maturing in 2024 as part of a debt management operation.
Kenya to borrow KSh 247 Billion in the two tranches
The IMF indicates that Kenya will borrow US$2.19 billion (KSh247 billion) through these two commercial loans.
In 2021, 64% of external public financing is expected to come in the form of concessional and semi-concessional borrowing, including from the IMF and the World Bank.
Financing from commercial lenders is estimated at US$2.2 billion, reflecting the successful placement of US$1 billion Eurobond in June 2021—amid strong demand that saw the yield fall below the initial guidance to 6.3%—and the likely shift of the previously-planned Eurobond for 2021/22 to this calendar year.
Available figures indicate that foreign exchange reserves were bolstered by significant inflows in the second quarter of 2021, including Eurobond issuance of US$1 billion, US$750 million in budget support from the World Bank, and two disbursements totalling US$715 million from the Fund under the present program.
At US$9.6 billion at the end of September 2021, CBK reserves continue to provide adequate cover against short-term external shocks.
As part of a continuing commitment to reduce debt-related vulnerabilities, Kenya is expected to continue to rely on concessional development financing, while tapping international financial markets to roll over maturing Eurobonds and optimize the debt service profile.
Looking ahead, Kenya is expected to continue to tap global capital markets to roll over maturing Eurobonds, with the next Eurobond repayment falling due in June 2024.
ALSO READ: Kenya Targets to Raise KSh 106 Bn in Fifth Eurobond Issue
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The article by Dr.Wells and Dr.Patrizio continues an important trend aimed at identifying natural genetic processes involved with the production of healthy eggs. We have known for some time that the egg depends on the "nurse" (cumulus) cells surrounding it for support and nourishment. If the cumulus is abnormal, eggs develop poorly leading to potentially abnormal embryos, chromosomally, infertility and miscarriage.
In the following article, two genes associated with healthy eggs have been identified. In the future, cumulus cells may be used to select the most promising egg and with further research, ways to improve cumulus function in order to promote the growth of more healthy eggs may be discovered.
The senior author, Dr. Dagan Wells of Oxford University collaborates with Dr. Jain on a variety of research projects aimed at deciphering egg quality and identifying cancer genes within the egg.
For more information about egg quality, fertility and family building, please call us! We are always happy to answer any questions you have on your path to parenthood.


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Nova Scotia > Opinion
ON TARGET: The cost of pomp and ceremony
Scott Taylor · Columnist | Posted: Sept. 17, 2018, 9:06 a.m. | Updated: Sept. 17, 2018, 9:15 a.m. | 3 Min Read
There was a recent National Post exclusive story that revealed how the military brass had been reined in by a cost conscious senior bureaucrat.
Internal DND documents forwarded to reporter David Pugliese show that the original budget for a change of command ceremony for the head of the RCAF was pegged at $107,000.
Deputy minister of defence Jody Thomas balked at the steep price tag and told air force planners to sharpen their pencils. A second proposal was submitted with a revised cost of $80,000 and once again Thomas refused to authorize such an extravagant expense.
In the end, the outgoing commander, Lt.-Gen. Michael Hood, passed the torch to his successor, Lt.-Gen. Al Meinzinger, at a more modest event, which set back the public purse roughly $24,000.
Many critics still thought this to be a lot of taxpayer dollars to watch two men switch position; the fact is that commanding a branch of the Armed Forces is not the same as simply occupying a similar level executive position within the public service.
Pomp and ceremony are longstanding military traditions, and they don't come cheap. That said, I offer kudos to deputy minister Thomas for cutting the cost by nearly 80 per cent.
In his news story, Pugliese also referenced a 1996 incident wherein similar sage advice about public perception of costs for parades was ignored with dire results. On that occasion it was Maj.-Gen. Archibald MacInnes who was retiring and handing over command of the Land Forces Atlantic Area to Maj.-Gen. Ray Crabbe.
MacInnes wanted a lavish affair complete with a mock UN observation tower and a roll past of armoured vehicles.
At that point the military was hard pressed financially, training funds were stretched to the point that blank ammunition was almost non-existent, and cash strapped soldiers with frozen salaries were going to food banks and taking second jobs delivering pizza.
When MacInnes' public affairs officer Maj. Brett Boudreau saw that the proposed parade budget was in excess of $100,000, he warned his commander that the taxpaying public and his own soldiers would be infuriated if they learned of such extravagance.
The response from MacInnes' chief of staff to Boudreau regarding his concern for the public was a crude "F-ck them!" That email exchange was subsequently forwarded via brown envelope to the office of Esprit de Corps magazine and the following day "F-ck them" was the headline in newspapers all across Canada.
Times have therefore changed to the point where bureaucrats can now curb the brass.
However, we need only go back to 2011 to revisit an increasingly embarrassing public expenditure on a public display of martial prowess. I refer to the November 24, 2011, victory parade held on Parliament Hill to commemorate Canada's leading role in the allied victory over Libya.
Canadian Lt.-Gen. Charles Bouchard had been commander of the allied forces, Canadian fighter jets were among the first to bomb Libya, and we were proud to boast that as a nation Canada had "punched above her weight."
Prime Minister Stephen Harper wanted to mark this occasion with a suitable military spectacle, which included a fly-past of numerous aircraft, a detachment from the Canadian Special Operations Regiment and the ship's company of HMCS Charlotte- town.
Essentially everyone who took part in the Libya conflict got to participate in the Victory Parade. The cost of the fly-past alone is estimated to have been $850,000. Harper's statement that day proclaimed: "History shows us this; that freedom seldom flowers in undisturbed ground. Our job in Libya has been done, and done well."
Unfortunately for Harper, it turns out that by deposing and murdering Libyan President Moammar Gadhafi, we brought anarchy and violence to Libya rather than freedom. Since we declared 'victory' in Libya that nation has devolved into a failed state rife with violent anarchy.
In 2012 the 'victory' in Libya spilled over into neighbouring Mali in the form of Tuareg separatists and al-Qaida extremists armed from the unsecured arsenals in the wake of Gadhafi's death.
Canadian troops are now deployed to Mali to deal with that ongoing crisis, while no one even talks about a second intervention into Libya to restore law and order. Freedom is not flowering there, unless one considers anarchy freedom.
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Eastern Daily Press > Sport
Alex Brundle off to Interlagos for World Endurance Championship
By Lewis Beales
Published: 2:34 PM September 13, 2012 Updated: 2:25 PM October 10, 2020
After recently securing an impressive sportscar pole position at Silverstone Alex Brundle has been invited to join OAK Racing for the Sao Paulo round of the World Endurance Championship.
OAK Racing team principal, S�bastien Philippe, was full of praise for the 21-year-old King's Lynn racer: 'He is a fast, talented young competitor and alongside Bertrand Baguette and Dominik Kraihamer he forms part of a crew from whom we can expect a good result in Brazil.'
The local racer joins team regulars Baguette and Kraihamer for the six-hour race in the Nissan-powered Morgan 2012 as the team makes it first trip to the Interlagos circuit.
The final round of the GP3 championship at Monza in Italy didn't go as well as the west Norfolk racer would have hoped. Qualifying at the super-fast Monza circuit in 19th place he failed to find the tow required from another car to set a competitive qualifying time.
In the opening race Brundle failed to take the chequered flag but he signed off his season with an amazing recovery drive to 10th place from the rear of the grid.
Blofield's Martin Ward secured his first victory of the season in a hard fought opening Stock Hatch race at Donington Park.
King's Lynn racer Shaun Hagen led off from the start but a slight error at the Old Hairpin was enough for the Norfolk racer to slip down the order and allow Ward past to secure his first win of the season.
10 Norfolk's first mass Covid vaccination centre to open in food court
In the second race Ward started from 12th place but, loaded with the success ballast from winning race one, he could only improve to eighth place by the finish.
Meanwhile, Hagen, who had started race one from the front row before finishing in seventh place, got no further than the fourth lap to end a miserable day for the local driver after qualifying had promised greater things.


Soil is one of the most important natural resources. It supports the growth of plants by holding the roots firmly and supplying water and nutrients. It is t he home for many organisms. Soil is essential for agriculture. Agriculture provides food, clothing and shelter for all. Soil is thus an in separable part of our life. The earthy fragrance of soil after the first rain is always refreshing.
One day during the rainy season Paheli and Boojho observed an earth worm coming out of the soil. Paheli wondered whether there were other organisms also in the soil. Let us find out.
Collect some soil samples and observe them carefully. You can use a handlens. Examine each sample carefully. Make a list of the uses of soil.
Polythene bags and plastics pollute the soil. They also kill the organisms living in the soil. That is why there is a demand to ban the polythene bags and plastics. Other substances which pollute the soil are a number of waste products, chemicals and pesticides. Waste products and chemicals should be treated before they are released into the soil. The use of pesticides should be minimised.
Soil is composed of distinct layers. Perform the following activity to find out how these layers are arranged.
Take a little soil. Break the clumps with your hand to powder it. Now take a glass tumbler, three quarters filled with water, and then add a handful of soil to it. Stir it well with a stick to dissolve the soil. Now let it stand undisturbed for some time. The rotting dead matter in the soil is called humus. You probably know that the soil is formed by the breaking down of rocks by the action of wind, water and climate. This process is called weathering. The nature of any soil depends upon the rocks from which it has been formed and the type of vegetation that grows in it.
A vertical section through different layers of the soil is called the soil profile. Each layer differs in feel (texture), colour, depth and chemical composition. These layers are referred to as horizons.
We usually see the top surface of the soil, not the layers below it. If we look at the sides of a recently dug ditch, we can see the inner layers of the soil, too. Such a view enables us to observe the soil profile at that place. Soil profile can also be seen while digging a well or laying the foundation of a building. It can also be seen at the sides of a road on a hill or at a steep river bank.
The uppermost horizon is generally dark in colour as it is rich in humus and minerals. The humus makes the soil fertile and provides nutrients to growing plants. This layer is generally soft, porous and can retain more water. It is called the topsoil or the A-horizon. This provides shelter for many living organisms such as worms, rodents, moles and beetles. The roots of small plants are embedded entirely in the topsoil.
The next layer has a lesser amount of humus but more of minerals. This layer is generally harder and more compact and is called the B-horizon or the middle layer. The third layer is the C-horizon, which is made up of small lumps of rocks with cracks and crevices. Below this layer is the bedrock, which is hard and difficult to dig with a spade.
As you know, weathering of rocks produces small particles of various materials. These include sand and clay. The relative amount of sand and clay depends upon the rock from which the particles were formed, that is the parent rock. The mixture of rock particle sand humus is called the soil. Living organisms, such as bacteria, plant root sand earthworm are also important parts of any soil.
The soil is classified on the basis of the proportion of particles of various sizes. If soil contains greater proportion of big particles it is called sandy soil. If the proportion of fine particles is relatively higher, then it is called clayey soil. If the amount of large and fine particles is about the same, then the soil is called loamy. Thus, the soil can be classified as sandy, clayey and loamy.
The best topsoil for growing plants is loam. Loamy soil is a mixture of sand, clay and another type of soil particle known as silt. Silt occurs as a deposit in river beds. The size of the silt particles is between those of sand and clay. The loamy soil also has humus in it. It has the right water holding capacity for the growth of plants.
Collect samples of clayey, loamy and sandy soils. Take a fistful of soil from one of the samples. Remove any pebbles, rocks or grass blades from it. Now add water drop by drop and knead the soil. Add just enough water so that a ball can be made from it, but at the same time it should not be sticky. Try to make a ball from this soil. On a flat surface, roll this ball into a cylinder. Try to make a ring from this cylinder. Repeat this activity with other samples also.
You have listed some uses of soil. Let us perform some activities to find the characteristics of the soil.
Boojho and Paheli marked two different squares of 50 cm - 50 cm each, one on the floor of their house and the other on the kutcha (unpaved) road. They filled two bottles of the same size with water. They emptied the water from the bottles, one each, at the same time in the two squares. They observed that the water on the floor flowed down and was not absorbed. On the kutcha road, on the other hand, the water was absorbed.
For this activity divide yourself into three teams. Name the teams A, B and C. You will be finding out how fast the water passes down the soil. You will need a hollow cylinder or a pipe. Ensure that each team uses pipes of the same diameter. Some suggestions for obtaining such a pipe are given below.
If possible, get a small tin can and cut off its bottom.
If PVC pipe (approx. diameter 5 cm) is available, cut it into 20 cm long pieces and use them.
For example, suppose that for a certain sample, it took 20 minutes for200 mL to percolate. So,Rate of Percolation = 200 mL/ 20 min = 10 mL/ minute.
Calculate the rate of percolation in your soil sample. Compare your findings with others and arrange the soil samples in the increasing order of the rate of percolation.
Have you ever passed through a farmland during a hot summer day? Perhaps you noticed that the air above the land is shimmering. Why is it so? Try out this activity and find the answer.
Take a boiling tube. Put two spoons full of a soil sample in it. Heat it on a flame and observe it. Let us find out what happens upon heating.
On heating, water in the soil evaporates, moves up and condenses on the cooler inner walls of the upper part of the boiling tube. On a hot summer day, the vapour coming out of the soil reflect the sunlight an d the air above the soil seems to shimmer. After heating the soil, take it out of the tube. Compare it with the soil which has not been heated. Note the difference between the two.
Do all the soils absorb water to the same extent Let us find out.
Initial volume of water in the measuring cylinder = U mL.
Final volume of water i n the measuring cylinder = V mL.
Volume of water absorbed by the soil = (U - V) mL.
Weight of water absorbed by the soil = (U - V) g (1 mL of water has weight equal to 1 g).
Percentage of water absorbed = [(U-V) / 50]100.
Different types of soils are found in different parts of India. In some parts there is clayey soil, in some parts there is loamy soil while in some other parts there is sandy soil.
Soil is affected by wind, rainfall, temperature, light and humidity. These are some important climatic factors which affect the soil profile and bring changes in the soil structure. The climatic factors, as well as the components of soil, determine the various types of vegetation and crops that might grow in any region.
Clayey and loamy soils are both suitable for growing cereals like wheat and gram. Such soils are good at retaining water. For paddy, soils rich in clay and organic matter and having a good capacity to retain water are ideal. For lentils (masoor ) and other pulses, loamy soils, which drain water easily, are required. For cotton, sandy- loam or loam, which drain water easily and can hold plenty of air, are more suitable. Crops such as wheat are grown in the fine clayey soils, because they are rich in humus and are very fertile.
The removal of land surface by water, wind or ice is known as erosion. Plant roots firmly bind the soil. In the absence of plants, soil becomes loose. So it can be moved by wind and flowing water. Erosion of soil is more severe in areas of little or no surface vegetation, such as desert or bare lands. So, cutting of trees and deforestation should be prevented and effort should be made to increase the green areas.
Soil is important for life on the earth.
Soil profile is a section through different layers of the soil, Various layers are called horizons.
Soil is of different types clayey, loamy and sandy.
Percolation rate of water is different in different types of soil. It is highest in the sandy soil and least in the clayey soil.
Different types of soils are used to cultivate different types of crops. Clay and loam are suitable for growing wheat, gram and paddy. Cotton is grown in sandy loam soil.


The fire didn't get close enough for us to need to evacuate and is out as far as we can tell. Stinky was happily released from the house last night and we slept with the windows shut on the first cool night of the season (low of about 58 degrees) to keep the smoky smell at bay. A small price to pay. Our thoughts are with all those who are struggling with the larger, meaner fires.


Image Title: Bedding Bed Linen Sets Next Official Site Within Designs 4. Post Title: Bed Linen Sets. Filename: bedding-bed-linen-sets-next-official-site-within-designs-4.jpg. Image Dimension: 320 x 480 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Guiseppe Conroy. Uploaded Date: Sunday - October 14th. 2018 15:31:10 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: decoist.com. Amazon Com HC Collection Bed Sheets Set HOTEL LUXURY Platinum With Regard To Linen Sets Plan 0. Bed Linen Luxury Bedding Sets Amara For Designs 10. The W Bedding Sets Hotels Store Throughout Bed Linen Prepare 12. Bedding Sets Matching Bed Quilt Dunelm Within Linen Decor 3. 19MM 6PCs Silk Bed Linen Set OOSilk Australia Within Sets Ideas 2. Bedding Bed Linen Sets Next Official Site Within Prepare 9. Ultra Luxe Bed Bedding Set Westin Hotel Store For Linen Sets Decor 11. Silk Sheet Sets From The Finest Seamless Mulberry Inside Bed Linen Prepare 17. Bedding Sets Costco In Bed Linen Ideas 13. Isabel Grey Duvet And Pillowcase Set Single Throughout Bed Linen Sets Prepare 18.


Keeping over 600 Lidl UK stores fully stocked is no small task. That's the job of our warehouses, matching supply and demand 24/7. If you enjoy being part of a friendly team buzzing with non-stop activity, this is the place for you. Please note that this exciting position will be based in our Non-Food Warehouse in Stanford Le Hope, Essex.
Please note that as part of your application you will be asked to complete three exercises taking less than 20 minutes, designed to provide us with a more in-depth understanding of you and your potential as a member of Team Lidl. Should you be successful at this stage you will then be invited for a face to face interview.


text:
Q: How to match strings with regex to know of the first two words of a letter has their first later capitalised I have a String " Karren Warren, this is a very good product "  and I want to use a regex to return true whenever the first letter in the first word is capitalized and the first word in the second letter is capitalized. Meaning the two words whose first letters are capitalized has to be consecutive.
So in the example given above, the regex would return true because K is capitalized and W is capitalized. Conversely, it would return false in the scenario when the text is  Karren warren, Kindly check this out
I used this pattern ([A-Z]\w+\s){2}but it keeps on returning false.

A: You could use this regex:
^\s*[A-Z][^\s]+\s+[A-Z]

Demo: https://regex101.com/r/B8XDKg/1/

A: To match all uppercase letters that have a lowercase variant, you could use \p{Lu}. If you don't want to cross newlines, you can use \h to match horizontal whitespace chars, as \s could also match a newline.
^\p{Lu}\S+\h+\p{Lu}

Regex demo | Java demo
In Java with the doubled backslashes
String regex = "^\\p{Lu}\\S+\\h+\\p{Lu}";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using PhotoShare.Models;

namespace PhotoShare.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IAlbumService
    {
        Tag CreateTag(string name);

        Album CreateAlbum(string username, string albumTitle, string color, string[] tags);

        Tag TagByName(string name);

        Album AlbumByName(string name);

        void AddTagToAlbum(string albumName, string tagName);

        string ShareAlbum(int albumId, string username, string permission);

        void AddPicture(string albumName, string pictureTitle, string picturePath);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Shop for 7th generation ipod touch online at Target. Top games for ipod touch 5th generation. Free shipping on purchases over and save 5% every day with your Target REDcard.
Shop for 7th generation ipod touch online at Target. Free shipping on purchases over and save 5% every day with your Target REDcard.


Dartt was the Copilot of the Gordon Erickson Crew, which was assigned to the 544th Bomb Squadron in March 1943 while the Group was training at Wendover Field, Utah. He was shot down on his third combat mission - on 4 July 1943 - and became a POW for the duration of the war. Of his crewmates on that mission, two were KIA, another was POW, and the remaining six evaded capture.


text:
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
FREDERICK DOUGLASS (Autor)
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was twenty years old when he made good on a resolution to be free and escaped his chains in September 1838. Facing the dread and apprehension of failure, the upstart Maryland slave boarded a train in Baltimore and successfully reached New York. Hungry, homeless, and fearful of capture, ""Frederick Johnson,"" as he called himself, found abolitionist benefactors who helped him to relocate to New Bedford, Massachusetts and start a new life, with a new purpose, and a new name. This spellbinding narrative tells the story of Frederick Douglass before he became a rock star for African American rights. Written in 1845, the first of three autobiographical accounts, Narrative of the Life showcases the intelligence, penetrating insight, wit, literary flair, and pathos of the young abolitionist as he documented his life in slavery for a skeptical northern public. Douglass recounts in vivid detail the dehumanizing character of chattel slavery contested by the irrepressible humanity of enslaved African Americans. Through his recollections, we feel the sting of the ""heavy cowskin"" whip and hear the tones ""loud, long, and deep"" of ""souls boiling over with the bitterest anguish."" A beloved American classic, Narrative of the Life is reprinted by Mercer University Press with a new introduction by Scott C. Williamson, who presents the fugitive Douglass in 1845, seated at his desk in Lynn, Massachusetts and standing at the crossroads of the American ideal of liberty and the waking nightmare of American slavery.
Mercer University Press
Autobiography: general
Biography: historical, political & military
Autobiography: historical, political & military
Slavery & abolition of slavery
Rebel Women: Feminist fore-mothers, inspiring leaders & quiet radicals VEURE LLISTA (27 LLIBRES)


text:
FDA Approves Imfinzi-Chemo Combo to Treat Advanced SCLC
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Imfinzi (durvalumab), in combination with standard chemotherapy, as an initial treatment of people with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
This decision was based on findings from the CASPIAN Phase 3 trial (NCT03043872), in which the combination was found to be better than standard chemo alone at extending the lives of newly diagnosed patients with extensive-stage, or widely spread, SCLC.
Adding Imfinzi, marketed by AstraZeneca, to standard care also increased responses to treatment.
"The US approval of Imfinzi brings a new medicine to extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients in urgent need of new options," Dave Fredrickson, executive vice president at AstraZeneca's Oncology Business Unit, said in a press release.
"Imfinzi is the only immunotherapy to show both a significant survival benefit and improved response rate in combination with chemotherapy for these patients, an important step forward in treating this devastating disease," Fredrickson added.
Imfinzi is an immune checkpoint inhibitor designed to harness the immune response by blocking PD-L1, a protein involved in mechanisms used by cancer cells to evade immune system attack.
The ongoing CASPIAN trial is investigating the benefits of Imfinzi plus standard first-line chemotherapy to treat newly diagnosed SCLC patients whose cancer has spread in the lungs or to other parts in the body.
It is being conducted in more than 200 centers in 23 countries, including the U.S., Europe, South America, Asia, and the Middle East.
CASPIAN enrolled 805 patients, who were randomly assigned to either standard chemotherapy alone (etoposide plus cisplatin or carboplatin) — serving as a control group — or to the combination of Imfinzi and standard chemotherapy.
Imfinzi-treated patients completed four cycles of chemotherapy, while controls received up to six such cycles plus optional prophylactic cranial irradiation, a form of radiation therapy.
Its primary aim was to determine if the Imfinzi combo extended patients' lives compared to chemo only. Secondary goals included the time patients lived without disease worsening, the proportion of patients responding to treatment, and changes in symptoms and quality of life. Safety and tolerability were also assessed.
Results revealed that Imfinzi extended median overall survival from 10.3 to 13.0 months — corresponding to a 27% reduction in the risk of death. At 18 months, 34% of Imfinzi-treated patients were alive, as were 25% of those in the control group.
Imfinzi also increased the percentage of patients responding to treatment (68% vs. 58%), as well those showing a durable response at one year (23% vs. 6%).
The safety and tolerability of the Imfinzi combination was consistent with previous studies. Severe and life-threatening adverse events, as well as treatment discontinuations, were similar in both groups.
"Patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer continue to face a poor prognosis, and finding new medicines to improve outcomes in this setting has been a formidable challenge," said Jonathan Goldman, MD, a lead investigator in CASPIAN.
"The CASPIAN trial enables clinicians to choose durvalumab [Imfinzi] in combination with etoposide and either carboplatin or cisplatin, making this an important new 1st-line treatment option for patients that is both effective and well-tolerated," added Goldman, a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.
An additional group of people in the CASPIAN trial were treated with Imfinzi plus chemotherapy and tremelimumab, an experimental immunotherapy that activates the immune system by blocking the CTLA-4 protein. Findings from this part — to be detailed at an upcoming medical conference — showed that adding tremelimumab did not further benefit patients.
Imfinzi is also approved in the U.S. to treat another form of lung cancer, called non-small cell lung cancer, and for advanced forms of bladder cancer.
Regulatory authorities in the European Union and Japan are also reviewing the Imfinzi–standard chemo combination for extensive-stage SCLC patients, which was first approved in Singapore.
Another Phase 3 trial, called ADRIATIC (NCT03703297), is testing Imfinzi after chemoradiation therapy in patients with limited-stage SCLC (generally, cancer limited to one lung and possibly in lymph nodes on one side of chest).
This study is enrolling eligible patients worldwide; more information can be found here. It is expected to end in February 2024.
Jose Marques Lopes, PhD
José is a science news writer with a PhD in Neuroscience from Universidade of Porto, in Portugal. He has also studied Biochemistry at Universidade do Porto and was a postdoctoral associate at Weill Cornell Medicine, in New York, and at The University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, Canada. His work has ranged from the association of central cardiovascular and pain control to the neurobiological basis of hypertension, and the molecular pathways driving Alzheimer's disease.
Tagged ADRIATIC, AstraZeneca, CASPIAN, FDA approval, Imfinzi, metastatic small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Previous: Imfinzi Plus Chemo Extends Survival in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer, Trial Analysis Shows
Next:Early Success in Phase 3 Trial of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer


SAN FRANCISCO — San Francisco officials are taking another try at giving noncitizens the right to vote in local school board elections.
The ballot measure approved by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors Tuesday would allow parents and caregivers of city public school students to vote in local school elections. The measure will be on the November ballot.
San Francisco voters rejected the proposal in 2004 and 2010, but Supervisor Eric Mar said anti-immigrant statements by presidential candidate Donald Trump may prompt higher turnout by Latinos and other immigrants this fall.
Supporters of the idea say parents and caregivers should have a say in their children's education, even if they are not U.S. citizens or are in the country illegally.
Opponents say voting is a right that should be reserved for citizens.


text:
Minnesota Twins Start Contract Negotiations With First Round Pick Byron Buxton
By Chris White@uzworm Jun 8, 2012, 7:42am CDT
Share All sharing options for: Minnesota Twins Start Contract Negotiations With First Round Pick Byron Buxton
The Minnesota Twins and their first round pick in the 2012 MLB Draft Byron Buxton have taken the first steps in negotiating a contract according to Charley Walters of Twincities.com.
The 18 year old outfielder is scheduled to be in Minneapolis on June 11 in order to get a physical done, after which the contract negotiations will begin. The recommended signing bonus via baseballs new signing agreements is $6.2 million.
If the No. 2 overall pick signs quickly with the Twins, he should start his minor league career with the Twins' rookie level team in Fort Meyers, Florida. If he does well there during the short two and a half month season, he will move up to their higher level rookie team in Elizabethtown, Tennessee. At that point it will be all about performance -- Buxton hit .513 at his high school in Georgia before being drafted and will look to have similar success in the lower levels of the Twins system.
For more on the Minnesota Twins, check out Twinkie Town. You can also head over to SB Nation's main MLB hub at Baseball Nation.
Byron Buxton Was Welcomed By Twins At Target Field On Tuesday
Minnesota Twins Impressed So Far By Byron Buxton
Twins No. 1 Pick Byron Buxton Should Go To GCL Twins When Signed


Joining yarn in the middle of the row can be frustrating if the join is noticeable. This class will do the Russian braided, and the knotted joins. Learn which join to do based on the fiber content of your yarn. Your next project will fly because you can't wait to get to the end of the ball to try your new skills.
5 yards each of two colors #4 (worsted-weight) WOOL yarn, 5 yards each of two colors #4 (worsted-weight) COTTON yarn; tapestry needle.


A new exhibition in the heart of the Old Town celebrates Edinburgh as a world heritage site, showcasing the thoughts and opinions of those who call the city home.
The exhibition, housed within the stunning and atmospheric 17th Tron kirk, attempts to capture the essence of our World Heritage Site through the views and perspectives of local people.
As you walk around the 6ft panels of photos, videos, quotes and statistics the story of Edinburgh as it is today is told in sections, the green spaces, housing and building within the city and what it is like to live in the capital.
Each section appears to be a starting point for discussion. For instance 49% of Edinburgh is made up of green spaces, but is the city really green enough environmentally? And how do we protect Edinburgh's Heritage status in the years to come, through building and conservation.
At the end a huge black board encourages visitors to recommend their Edinburgh highlights, places to visit and experiences to enjoy which may need protecting in the years to come.
And can you name all Scotland's six World Heritage Sites?
The Antonine Wall; Heart of Neolithic Orkney; New Lanark; St Kilda; The Forth Bridge and The Old and New Towns of Edinburgh. Thanks to Historic Environment Scotland for the links and info about them all.
This sketch was drawn on location at the Tron Kirk with a fineliner pen and watercolours, and water brush.


Bathroom Accessories: Make Your Bathroom A Inviting Place To Relax, Give It The Right Bathroom Accessory.Bathroom Accessories: Make Your Bathroom A Inviting Place To Relax, Give It The Right Bathroom Accessory.
The bathroom is that part of our home which needs well planning.
Bathroom Vanities - For A Bathroom That You Can Be Proud Of!Bathroom Vanities - For A Bathroom That You Can Be Proud Of!
© 2019 Cache Crazy. All rights reserved.


I'm not a fan of MacDonald's to be honest. Don't get me wrong, I'm not one of those pretentious anti-fast food people who look down their nose at you for ordering some french fries. But McDonald's just ain't my thing.
That said, I'm excited to see what U.K.-based McDonald's are doing. They're giving away a Roald Dahl book with each Happy Meal. Eight of Dahl's stories will be featured, with extracts from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Magical Mischief, George's Marvelous Medicine, and Matilda. The National Literacy Trust says 15% of children don't own a book while only 55% of kids enjoy reading.That's a problem. The McDonald's program, called Happy Readers, has given away nearly 23 million books since 2013.
While the cynic in me could find some reason to hate on McDonald's for doing this, as a parent I think it's a great move. Most kids don't need another cheap, crappy plastic toy. Give them a book instead.
Good on you, McDonald's. Now, why can't we have this program in Morocco?
Next Post Monday Quote: success!


Connecting Relays to a Digital Output Board and Noise Considerations Mechanical relays are very noisy (electrically) and they can cause problems when connecting them to a PC digital I/O card, ranging from spikes on your analog measurements to computer lockups!
Sensors Play a Vital Role in Commercial Space Mission Success Sensors and accessories are the central nervous system of launch vehicles, payloads and support systems.
Shaping the Future of Rotational Molding with Wireless Temperature Monitoring Wireless sensor system successfully improves process control for roto-molding machine manufacturer.
Wireless Monitoring Solution Keeps Fruit Quality High and Energy Costs Low Discover how a wireless temperature monitoring system can provide a more precise and cost-effective way to cool produce.
Turning up the heat: 12 MI thermocouple probes get tested in extreme conditions In an intense heat environment, such as in solid waste incinerators, sintering powdered metals, or gas or oil fired-furnaces, you need a thermocouple probe that can withstand extreme heat.
Wireless Solutions Increase Product Safety in the Food and Personal Care Industry The purity of ingredients is important for all manufacturing processes, but it's especially critical for food and personal care products.
Cardinal Glass Reduces Risk of High-Value Asset Loss with Omega's New Data Logging Software Cardinal Glass needed a way to interface their humidity control sensors to their human machine interface (HMI).


text:
Реймонд Бенедікт Бартолом'ю Майкл Асквіт граф Оксфордський,OBE(; 24 серпня 1952) — британський дипломат. Співзасновник Агентства модернізації України

3-й граф Оксфорд і Асквіт (нар. 1952), старший син попереднього.

Біографія
Пан Оксфорд (як він тепер відомий) був названий на честь його діда по батьківській лінії Раймонд Асквит, вчений і офіцер (загинув у бою під час Першої світової війни), і старший син покійного 2-й граф Оксфорд і Асквит, KCMG.

Він здобув освіту в школі Фарлі і Амплфорт коледжі, перш ніж вступити до коледжу Бейлліол та Оксфорду, який закінчив зі ступенем Магістр (MA).

У 2015 році Реймонд Бенедікт Асквіт став одним із ініціаторів створення Агентства модернізації України. Із 3 березня 2015 року входить до Ради Агентства, відповідальний за нагляд і координацію
розробки Програми модернізації України.

Звання
  OBE (1992)
  Граф (2011).

Література
 Палата лордів

Посилання

Джерела

Примітки

Дипломати Великої Британії
Міністри Великої Британії
Офіцери ордена Британської імперії
Члени палати лордів Великої Британії


text:
Q: How can I optimize this function? I need to loop though users, and then loop through user submitted data, and update values, it's taking > 1 minute How can I optimize this function? I need to loop though users, and then loop through user submitted data, and update values, it's taking > 1 minute for 264 users with around 80 records per user.
public function calculateUserPoints(){
    set_time_limit(0);
    /* Select users */
    $sql = "SELECT user_id FROM users";
    $query = $this->db->prepare($sql);
    $query->execute();
    $users = $query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

    /* User guesses Query */

    $ug_sql = "SELECT
                guesses.guess_id AS r_guess_id, guesses.user_id, guesses.game_id, guesses.team_1_score AS guess_team_1, guesses.team_2_score AS guess_team_2, guesses.joker,
                games.game_id, games.game_team_1, games.game_team_2, games.real_score_team_1, games.real_score_team_2,
                users.user_id AS usr_id
                FROM games
                JOIN users
                    ON users.user_id = :user_id AND games.real_score_team_1 IS NOT NULL AND games.real_score_team_2 IS NOT NULL
                LEFT JOIN guesses
                    ON guesses.user_id = users.user_id
                    AND guesses.game_id = games.game_id
                    ";
    $ug_query = $this->db->prepare($ug_sql);
    foreach($users as $u){ /* Loop users */
        /* Get guesses per user basis */
        /*echo 'User '.$u['user_id'].'
';*/
        $ug_query->bindParam(':user_id', $u['user_id']);
        $ug_query->execute();
        $usr_guesses = $ug_query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
        $u_points = 0;
        $sql = "UPDATE users SET points = :u_points WHERE user_id = :usr_id";
        $query = $this->db->prepare($sql);
        $sql2 = "UPDATE guesses SET guess_points = :guess_points WHERE guesses.guess_id = :guess_id";
        $query2 = $this->db->prepare($sql2);
        foreach($usr_guesses AS $ug){
            $err = false;
            $g_points = 0;
            if(isset($ug['guess_team_1']) && isset($ug['guess_team_1'])){
                $g_points = $this->calcPoints($ug['guess_team_1'], $ug['guess_team_2'], $ug['real_score_team_1'], $ug['real_score_team_2'], $ug['joker']);
            } else {
                $u_points -= 1;
            }
            $u_points += $g_points;
            /*  echo $ug['guess_team_1'].' - '.$ug['guess_team_2'].'  :: '.' '.$ug['real_score_team_1'].' - '.$ug['real_score_team_2'].' jk: '.$ug['joker'].' / pt: '.$g_points.':: T: '.$u_points.'
';*/

            $query->bindParam(':u_points', $u_points);
            $query->bindParam(':usr_id', $u['user_id']);
            $query2->bindParam(':guess_points', $g_points);
            $query2->bindParam(':guess_id', $ug['r_guess_id']);
            if($query->execute() && $query2->execute()){
                $err = false;
            } else {
                $err = true;
            }
        }
    }
    if($err == true){
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }

}

guess_id and user_id are indexes on all columns.
I'm not looking for a code answer, I'd prefer merely a push in the right direction.
Thanks.

A: $sql = "SELECT user_id FROM users"; can be joined with $ug_sql query into one query.
If you use InnoDB tables, you can do the updates in transaction, it will speed it up.
And think about removing some indexes, they slow down inserts, updates, and deletes.