The wedding dress is one of the most important aspects of any wedding. Most young girls will agree that you only have one chance (unless you're lucky enough to be asked to someone else's wedding) to impress. The wedding has been the most anticipated day in a high school senior's life; maybe a close second to graduation, so choosing the right Maggie Sottero Ebony dress is very important.
The great thing about wedding dress styles is that there are so many styles to choose from. Many of these girls can get inspiration form just about any runway, movie, magazine or celebrity. Even though this is the wedding and you will do just about anything to have the most impressive dress at the event, you still need to choose a dress that suits your body type. If you are short, a knee-length wedding dress can do you justice while taller slim girls look great in long or short dresses. Luckily, there is an array of popular dresses, so the majority of girls find something more than suitable.
Bright colors and patterns are very popular amongst teens but many still prefer softer pastel tones. Strapless Maggie Sottero Felisha dresses look good with any body type, but a halter neck can also be very beautiful. Slits were very stylish in the early 1990's, but today have fallen out of favor, and this is a style that should be avoided.
Great wedding dress ideas can also be taken from motion pictures. While seeing a dress on one of your favorite celebrities, you should really be able to see if you like the style of the dress or not. The majority of dresses seen on screen can be found in stores, so the need to hire a dressmaker to recreate these designs is not necessary.
"High School Musical" is one of today's most popular films among teens. Not only does its catchy music have us singing along, but the films adorable stars have caught our attention. With "High School Musical 3's" theme being based on a wedding, the wedding dress designs from the movie have inspired many wedding goes and has become one of the most popular wedding dress styles requested. The actresses in the movie are known for their knee length dresses with some of the freshest colors out there. They come with or without straps and flare out from the waist. Cute and adorable they complement most body types.
Who could forget Kate Hudson in her yellow long satin dress in "How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days" or Rachel Leigh Cook's wedding dress in "She's All That." But it is not always the celebrities on screen dresses that have young teens copying their styles. The majority of wedding dress styles and inspirations are taken from what movie stars are wearing on the red carpet. With the most popular design on the red carpet being evening gowns, many young ladies are opting for long, body hugging satin dresses with diamante embellishments or the classic Cinderella dresses that flare out. These dresses do have beautiful designs and show maturity and sophistication.
Many high school aged girls these days are wearing wedding dresses that are far too revealing. Attached to the body with double-sided tape and exposing just about every piece of skin on your body is a look for our tinsel town daredevils and is not really appropriate for a wedding. Not only do some of these dresses look trashy, many of them are almost impossible to keep together. Chances are you will spend the evening making sure you don't lose your dress altogether.
From the Runway to the Magazines to...You?
Choosing to recreate a dress off the runway for your wedding can be very daring. Although you will be sure to have the latest trends it is not always a good idea. Most runway dresses are very bold and some can look like nothing you've ever seen before. When deciding to go this route, make sure you choose something that is wearable and will not get a lot of bad stares. A very simple dress can really bring out your beauty. You want to be remembered for how great you looked, not how ridiculous.
Some designers choose to make statements and they use the runway as a platform to be creative. However, there are designers that do create dresses that are appropriate for weddings and do set the up and coming trends. Just be careful not to get confused between the two.
Magazines are also a great place to get ideas for a Maggie Sottero Florencia wedding dress. Some of the most popular dress styles are taken from fashion magazines such as Vogue, Seventeen Magazine and Elle. They will usually display designs that are trendy at the moment, will be trendy very soon, or possibly retro styles that are still in. You will also get an idea of what not to wear. Even supermodels can look bad in some dresses.
how much does a kirstie maggie sottero? www.kellywedding.com sale Maggie Sottero Kirstie $308.80.


The first person I thought of for the show was Craig Atkinson. He's a great and prolific drawer and runs Cafe Royal where he has published and distributed lots of the kinds of books and zines I was thinking of.
In the past Craig made more traditional painting but a few years ago he stopped and started over with scratchy, simple and sketchy drawings and collages. He quickly began to publish that work in little zines and books (one of my favorites is one where he documents both why and how he made that big aesthetic switch).
In his drawing I admire and enjoy how close the work seems to his life - he draws electronic equipment he wants, celebrities and politician he sees. His lines range from crude to subtle but he seems to be always searching around, looking for things, finding unexpected images. Craig and I have been secretly working on a collaborative books for a few years and in our back and forth drawing volleys I can see him riffing and finding.
He has a great collection of his sketchbooks online and he uses raw material from those in a variety of projects. Looking through them one can see bits of images that are later used in other books, drawings and collages. He seems to cultivate an attitude of letting work flow all over. That attitude goes into his books as well where he publishes things that seem random and strange but still interesting to him - there's a book of photographs napkins he got while on holiday in Spain and another of doorways in China.
He also publishes and distributes other artists work under the Cafe Royal Books imprint. Lately he's focussing more on photography (esp with the fantastic Field Trip Magazine - all analog photography), but he still has a bunch of drawing based books in his arsenal. We'll have a bunch of books to sell and hopefully some of his original work to hang up, but I wanted to find a way to highlight the sheer energy of what Craig and Cafe royal have done over the past few years.
I thought of Cafe Royal Magazine, a series of books he published featuring work from a variety of artists from all over - I had a piece in the first issue (numbered "issue zero"). For Leaf and Signal I've gotten a ton of pages that were published in CR Magazine and plan to hang them in a huge wall of paper in The Bridge. I'm hoping it's a drawing OVERLOAD when one stands in front of it.
Look here for some idea of what the inside of The Bridge looks like. There's a long room and a smaller square one. White walls, wood ceiling. I'm hoping to coat the walls with drawn things and have a table with bookmaking supplies in the middle. See a ton more images of their projects here.
Last year Greg Kelly of The Bridge asked me to curate a show. I had worked with Pedro Moura on a show at another Cville gallery and it seemed to go pretty well so I said ok.
I wanted to think of something that both interested me and was along the lines of community-based art that The Bridge tries to foster. I really like how they show a lot of weird and sometimes challenging work but try to also include most everyone in Cville in it. Buzzwords - outreach, community etc. Elsewhere I've seen this kind of thing turn out bland and lame but somehow they keep it strange and crazy.
So I came up with an idea to show "lo-fi" art publishing - basically art-zines, published both in print and online. Good work by artists I respect that is also generous, democratic and, at least as a side effect, intent on getting out into the world. So much "outreach" work is bloodless but the stuff I saw people publishing in weird booklets and online wasn't. So I started making a list of folks.
I bought Mr. East an atlas, he drew me a tree and sent it to me. It's part of his trees for books scheme and it's a lovely drawing.
The show opens Oct 1 - only 39 days! AAAAA! Things are moving ok though. I have files and work from a few artists (that's Andre's package above - obrigado for the quick work) and expect more in a few days. I'm starting to design the catalog, which is really more a companion book/zine and I've made some cheap posters to put up - I'll post images once I hang a few. I have to get a postcard together too.
This is a really busy time for me to work on a show but I'm really excited to see The Bridge filled with paper and books and craziness.
The show will be at The Bridge, "an accessible and dynamic venue for the exploration of the creative process, supporting the work of artists and the greater community – working to bring people together through collaborative practices and programming in the art."
"AT A GLANCE; The Bridge is a small-scale non-profit arts organization housed in a 1200 sq. ft, brick building on the corner of Graves and Monticello in the neighborhood of Belmont, just south of downtown Charlottesville. As one local put it: "That big brick of chocolate adorned with a silver ribbon of smoke.""
I've always really liked the crazy shows they have there and when the Executive Director Greg Kelly approached me last fall about curating a show I wanted to do something that fit both things that I was interested in and the mission of The Bridge.
Andre painted a big crazy mural on the side of the building when he was here last year. See more and more.
Craig who runs Café Royal, a zine and art books publishing and distribution company. Craig will be showing some original work along with lots and lots of pages from lots and lots of artists who have published in his Café Royal magazine.
Oliver has published a comics/art book series "Trains are….Mint" along with other books, prints and drawings.
Lemos publishes his own and other artists work. André was in a show a couple years ago here in Charlottesville and painted a mural on the side of The Bridge (he also drew tons with my kids).
I'm opening up posting to the artists showing, so feel free to post whatever you want whether or not it's directly related to the show. Thanks!


text:
The Independent - Kenya: Panic after PM says gays risk jail
An official with Kenya's largest gay rights organisation said there is panic among its members following remarks made by Kenya's prime minister that homosexuals should be arrested.
The office of the Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya received calls from concerned members, some of whom are HIV-positive and fear they will be arrested when they collect life-prolonging medicine from government clinics, board member Nguru Karugu said.
Prime Minister Raila Odinga on Sunday said homosexuals who are found in the midst of sex acts will be arrested.
Mr Odinga's spokesman said in a statement that the prime minister was quoted out of context.
In an audio recording of Sunday's speech, the prime minister says in the Kenyan language of Kiswahili that "if a man is caught having sex with the other we jail them, or if a girl is caught with the other ... we will jail them".
In the latter part of his statement he used profanity to explain lesbianism.
"We want a country that is clean, a clean way of doing thing has clean mannerisms ... we do not want things to do with sodomy," Mr Odinga said.
Kenya's laws prohibit "sex against the order of nature". That charge is punishable by up to 14 years in prison.
Mr Karugu said the prime minister's remarks are a big blow to Kenya's efforts to reduce the spread of HIV/Aids. He said the government has included gays in its plans to combat the virus.
Civil rights activist Zawadi Nyongo called for a protest outside the prime minister's office tomorrow.
Mr Odinga's spokesman, Dennis Onyango, said the prime minister was trying to convey how groups opposed to the country's new constitution - which was adopted in August - used lies and scare tactics to get people to vote against it.
Mr Onyango said the prime minister gave two examples of opposition propaganda that the new constitution would legalise gay marriage.
"He then added a rider that even if the constitution allowed gay marriages, census data showed there were more women than men in Kenya and people would naturally go for marriage with the opposite sex," Mr Onyango said. "The highlight on the alleged order for a crackdown completely missed the point."
Source:http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/panic-after-kenyan-pm-says-gays-risk-jail-2147250.html
Jeune Afrique - Maroc: Manifestation contre une enquête internationale sur le Sahara occidental The Independent - Prevention rather than cure is the new focus in Africa as donors look to cut aid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Checking if this is an etale morphism Consider the map $\mathbb{A}(k)$ to $\mathbb{A}(k)$ where $t$ goes to $t^2$.
This induces a map $\phi$ from $k[T]$ to $k[T]$ where $T$ goes $T^2$. we know that is map is not etale at $0$. I want to check that explicitly. Now, morphism $\phi$ is a flat morphism. I want to show that is ramified at $0$ which corresponds to the ideal $T$. So, $\phi$ induces a map from $k[T]/[T]$ to $k[T]/[T]$ where $T$ goes to $T^2$. The map indiced by $phi$ on $k[T]/[T]$ seems to be the identity map. So, it is unramified at $0$, which is not the case. I'm consumed where exactly I am making the mistake.

A: Let's make explicit our definition of ramification. Here's all the notation I'm going to need to make the definition a 1-liner: Let $\varphi: X\to Y$ be a map. Let $\mathfrak{m}\subset \mathcal{O}_{Y,\varphi(x)}$ be the maximal ideal, and let $\mathfrak{n}=\varphi^\#(\mathfrak{m})\mathcal{O}_{X,x}$, the ideal generated by the image of of $\mathfrak{m}$ in $\mathcal{O}_{X,x}$ where $\varphi^\#$ is the induced map on local rings, $\varphi^\#: \mathcal{O}_{Y,\varphi(x)}\to \mathcal{O}_{X,x}$.
Definition: A map $\varphi: X\to Y$ is unramified if it's locally of finite type and for each $y\in Y$, $\mathfrak{n}$ is the maximal ideal of $\mathcal{O}_{X,x}$ and the obvious map $\mathcal{O}_{Y,\varphi(x)}/\mathfrak{m} \to \mathcal{O}_{X,x}/\mathfrak{n}$ is a finite separable field extension. A map is ramified if it's not unramified.
Unsurprisingly, locally of finite type is clear in your context.
The real work starts at verifying  whether $\mathfrak{n}$ is the maximal ideal at $0$: $\mathfrak{m}$ is principal and generated by $t$, so $\varphi^\#(\mathfrak{m})\mathcal{O}_{X,x}=\varphi^\#((t))k[t]_{(t)}=\varphi^\#(t)k[t]_{(t)}=(t^n)k[t]_{(t)}=(t^n)$ which is not maximal. So your map is ramified at 0 just like you suspected.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


People around the world are shocked to see the fire that heavily damaged the historic Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
That includes a local school official.
For Theresa Fretterd, Assistant Principal for Academics at Cardinal Newman High School, Notre Dame is a special place.
She's been there and seen it in person.
Fretterd was a chaperone on a school trip several years ago when students from several French classes at Cardinal Newman High went to Paris and visited Notre Dame and the Louvre.
She says it's devastating to see this historic building which has such significance to be heavily damaged by fire.
"It's unbelievable when I first heard it," Fretterd said. "It almost reminded me a little bit of 9/11 because the citizens are there in total shock, they're just looking at their national treasure going down."
Fretterd describes Notre Dame as "awe-inspiring" and she says there was a feeling of holiness being there.
She says people are resilient and she believes Catholics will want to rebuild it and restore it.


For all the pain and misery that the millions of people of the Northeastern USA must be feeling after this horrific storm, I and the rest of my Eastern Tennessee counter parts have all of you on our hearts right now. We do know though just how strong you are and that you will rebuild and heal quicker than anyother people in this world could. Here in Gatlinburg, TN that same storm has created some rare beauty. With the trees in the foothill and valley areas still at almost peak foilage, this storm covered The Great Smoky Mountains in an early blanket of snow. This leaves us with a stunning sight of the top 3/4 of the mountains solid white. While the bottom 1/4 is still beaming of yellows, reds, purples and, orange colored trees. I have been lucky enough to have lived here for 40 years now and this is one of the most spectacular sights I have seen. Just 1 small bright spot from a terrible storm.


Series of images created for Dubai creative comunity -ING. Each topic explores the Talk's theme: Fail, Change, Search, Balance and Decide. Images were applied to various formats including posters, advertising, postcards and for social media content. Compositions were created with paper, acrylic, polystyrene, cotton and toys found in local markets.


text:
W&M School of Education expands reach with new online master's in counseling
News in Video
W&M Experts
W&M Weekly Newsletter
FacebookTwitterYouTubeRSS
News about:
W&M Athletics
W&M Libraries
Reves Center for International Studies
Richard Bland College
New degree program: The School of Education's new Online Master of Education in Counseling program will feature concentrations in school counseling and clinical mental health counseling.
Photo - of -
by School of Education staff | March 30, 2018
The William & Mary School of Education has launched a new Online Master of Education (M.Ed.) in Counseling program, with concentrations in school counseling and clinical mental health counseling.
Start dates for the program are available in January, May and August.
Accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs, the new program combines principles of counseling and psychotherapy with a professional emphasis on social justice. The program prepares students to work as licensed or certified counselors in various school and community settings.
"This program offers students a dynamic and well-connected educational experience," said Charles "Rip" McAdams, professor and chair of the school's psychology and counselor education department. "Students can connect directly with faculty and explore both the theoretical and practical aspects of counseling through diverse interactive learning environments, guided practicum courses and onsite residencies.
"Our faculty work closely with every student to ensure they can become capable and mindful counselors. The program will expand the reach and accessibility of our very well-established and highly-respected on-campus program."
The Online M.Ed. in Counseling is a 60-credit program that can be completed in just under three years. In addition to coursework, students gain professional experience through fieldwork including a 100-hour practicum and 600-hour internship.
The curriculum emphasizes personal and interpersonal growth, cultural responsiveness and social justice and is designed to give students the foundational knowledge to pursue licensure or certification exams. Students also participate in two three-day residencies, hosted on the school's campus in Williamsburg, Virginia, where they join faculty and fellow students for experiential learning activities such as role play and student presentations.
Program coursework, including exams and discussion boards, is delivered through an interactive learning management system (LMS) that is accessible via desktop computer, laptop or mobile device. The LMS also offers a student dashboard that maps learning experiences, such as individual courses and assignments, to important social justice-based competencies.
"This new online program offers a powerful combination of integrated teaching methods and experiential learning opportunities that will prepare students to be highly effective counselors who can assist others in managing their own well-being and effectively resolving crises," McAdams said.
Learning from the past to shape the future
Building a community of support for students in recovery
Alumnus uses his unique experience to help fellow veterans transition to teaching
School of Education to offer master's degree in ESL/bilingual education
The latest news and announcements from the William & Mary School of Education More...
W&M News Videos
With the Egyptological Society: Translating ancient hieroglyphs.
GRS goes online.
Muscarelle in The House: Art lessons for uncertain times.
Elizabeth Losh: Hashtag.
Whole-of-government: Coronavirus response.


The Leadership for Learning program admits a new cohort once every three years. Applications are closed for L4L Cohort 7 (2018-2021). The next opportunity to apply will be in February 2021 for the cohort beginning in July of that year. To register for an info session and/or sign up to receive updates and notifications, please complete our online registration form.
Copy of your teacher, educational staff associate (ESA), principal or program administrator certificate, if applicable. This is required for candidates who seek the superintendent credential.
If you have any questions about the application process or deadlines, please contact Brieanne Hull, Program Manager, at bmc83@uw.edu.


This is an exclusive business profile of Hotel Basant Regidency located in , Udaipur. From this Page, you can directly contact Hotel Basant Regidency from the enquiry form provided on the right. On the left you can get the Verified Mobile Number of Hotel Basant Regidency – feel free to call us to know more about our products & services. We will soon update our Catalog which you can download to get latest information about all our products & services and latest deals & offers by Hotel Basant Regidency. Do check out our Job Openings section to know about all the vacancies in Hotel Basant Regidency. You can also check out our Photo Gallery section to see latest photos of Hotel Basant Regidency. Before leaving, do not forget to give us your review and rating if you have been a customer of Hotel Basant Regidency in the past.
Do you want to receive special deals and offers from Hotel Basant Regidency?
Daily Download limit reached! Do you want to alert Hotel Basant Regidency to receive Catalogue?


text:
/*
 * defaults.h:
 * Manage the defaults system.
 */

#ifndef DEFAULTS_H
#define DEFAULTS_H

#include <qstring.h>
void setGlobalDefaults(const QString &vendor, const QString &program);
class Defaults {
private:
    void	*hkMain;
public:
    static Defaults *globalDefaultObject();
    Defaults(const QString &vendor,
	     const QString &program);
    ~Defaults();

    void    set(const QString &name,const QString &value);
    void    set(const QString &name,bool value);

    QString get(const QString &name);
    bool    getBool(const QString &name);
};

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Infantry: May 9, 2000
: The involvement of US troops in peacekeeping has created a demand for non-lethal weapons. The non-lethal project office has been growing in size and budget while the rest of the military cuts back. The military insists that non-lethal is a misnomer, and that the term should properly be "less lethal" since they can cause death, they just don't do so as often. Even so, the military is concerned that the phrase "non-lethal" will produce a public image which the weapons cannot live up to. Army Materiel Command has created "non-lethal capability sets" which are prepositioned in strategic locations. Each set has enough gear for 200 troops, and includes 57 types of items ranging from riot batons and shields to non-lethal ammunition and pepper spray. The Marines already had 27 such sets, and the Army plans to buy five per year. Units in future battles need to be able to switch quickly between lethal and non-lethal modes, but non-lethal weapons are hard to employ. A soldier carrying one cannot normally carry a real weapon for self-defense due to
weight and space limits. This means reducing the conventional firepower of the unit by one rifle for each non-lethal weapon employed. The non-lethal weapon gunner then becomes virtually an unarmed man who must be protected by other soldiers, and must be kept in some position where the unit commander can call upon him to engage a particular target. This is a complicated situation, as the commander must spot the target and decide that the non-lethal weapon is the appropriate one to use. Such weapons can be used in one of two situations. In one case, the main body of the troops are armed with conventional weapons and are conducting some particular mission. The non-lethal weapon is used in low-intensity situations where actually killing one individual might trigger a mass violent reaction from a crowd. Troops defending a food warehouse, for example, do not want to fire into a gathering crowd, and might use a non-lethal weapon to discourage the key rabble rousers. In the other type of situation, most of the troops are fitted in riot gear (body armor, helmets, face shields, riot batons, and riot shields). In such situations until a few years ago, the unit commander had with him one or two snipers with rifles who might shoot (and probably kill) key individuals (those with weapons, those who appear to be orchestrating the riot). These key snipers can now be armed with non-lethal weapons (such as bean bags fired from shotguns). But the popular bean-bag round is hardly reliable. It has very poor accuracy beyond 15 feet and can be lethal as it has the force of a line-drive baseball. Six people have been killed by such rounds in the US and Canada since 1971, mostly when hit in the chest or head. Sheriff's and police are advised to fire the beanbags at the abdomen or lower back. New "sock" rounds trail a streamer to stabilize the projectile and increase the accuracy to 30 or 40 feet. Both rounds are hard to fire at moving targets, and can be dangerous if fired into crowds. Several new non-lethal weapons are in development and scheduled for release:
@ Bullet mine: basically a claymore mine that fires a barrage of rubber projectiles to a range of 30 meters. It is due to deploy in 2001.
@ 40mm crowd dispersal round: fires a wide pattern of rubber projectiles. To deploy in 2001.
@ Portable Vehicle Arresting Barrier: This is a perimeter security element that appears to be a speed bump, but deploys a net strong enough to stop a 7,000-pound vehicle moving at 40mph. Any vehicle stopped is wrapped up in the net, trapping the occupants inside. Scheduled to deploy late this year.
@ Ridged foam: quick aerosol foam that hardens on contact with the air. It is intended to block doorways, stop motor vehicles, or create barriers. It will be deployed in 2002.
@ Non-lethal 81mm mortar round: This is designed to provide long-range indirect fire support. The round would detonate overhead, scattering rubber pellets or beanbags into the crowd. It is not yet scheduled for production.
@ 66mm grenade launcher: A vehicle-mounted heavy weapon, this is an indirect-fire system that could fire a flash-bang grenade to explode over a crowd, or a pattern of rubber projectiles. This system has yet to be scheduled for production.
Many non-lethal weapons are already in service, including:
@ Slippery surface coatings designed to block crowds. These were first used in 1972.
@ Flash-bang grenades: intended to scare people, generally non-lethal unless in contact with a person. Can cause temporary vision and hearing loss.
@ Concussion grenades: cause shock and temporary deafness with their 160-decibel blast.
@ Acoustic Dazzler: causes 150-decibel sound for 45 seconds. This is more disorienting than the concussion grenade's single blast.
@ Aero-rubber rings fired from a grenade launcher, with an effective range of 40-50 meters.
@ Oleoresin Capsicum pepper balls fired by gas cartridges, has greater range than pepper spray.
@ Sponge Grenade, fired from a 40mm grenade launcher, a metal or plastic mass covered in front by a sponge to soften the impact. This is used by the Marines.
@ Rubber baton rounds: fired from various weapons, these can be used against massed crowds. The South Africans fired these from machineguns to break up large demonstrations.--Stephen V Cole


Of course not! If you list your property and you don't receive an offer that you are happy with (even if it's more than you asked for) you don't have to sell. Having said that, there is a lot of work that goes into listing a property for sale by the listing Realtor, the buying Realtor and any potential buyers. If you just want to see what you can get for your property and aren't serious about listing, we don't suggest that you do.
MLS stands for Multiple Listing Service and it is a central database for all Realtors to list their client's properties for sale and for potential buyers to find them. You don't have to list your property there but it is the most effective place to find the highest number of buyers possible. Listing your property on MLS ensures that it will be seen on Realtor.ca as well as by other Realtor's active buyer clients. However, MLS isn't the only place your Realtor should showcase your property. Google, Facebook and other online channels can reach thousands of buyers and should always be used together with MLS to advertise your property for sale.


text:
Results for 'Micro-mechanisms'
1000+ found
More results on PhilPapers
Towards a Micro Realistic Version of Quantum Mechanics, Part I.Nicholas Maxwell - 1976 - Foundations of Physics 6 (3):275-292.details
This paper investigates the possibiity of developing a fully micro realistic version of elementary quantum mechanics. I argue that it is highly desirable to develop such a version of quantum mechanics, and that the failure of all current versions and interpretations of quantum mechanics to constitute micro realistic theories is at the root of many of the interpretative problems associated with quantum mechanics, in particular the problem of measurement. I put forward a propensity micro realistic version of (...) quantum mechanics, and suggest how it might be possible to discriminate, on expermental grounds, between this theory and other versions of quantum mechanics. (shrink)
Towards a Micro Realistic Version of Quantum Mechanics, Part II.Nicholas Maxwell - 1976 - Foundations of Physics 6 (6):661-676.details
In this paper, possible objections to the propensity microrealistic version of quantum mechanics proposed in Part I are answered. This version of quantum mechanics is compared with the statistical, particle microrealistic viewpoint, and a crucial experiment is proposed designed to distinguish between these to microrealistic versions of quantum mechanics.
Autism: The Micro-Movement Perspective.Elizabeth B. Torres, Maria Brincker, Robert W. Isenhower, Polina Yanovich, Kimberly Stigler, John I. Nurnberger, Dimitri N. Metaxas & Jorge V. Jose - 2013 - Frontiers Integrated Neuroscience 7 (32).details
The current assessment of behaviors in the inventories to diagnose autism spectrum disorders (ASD) focus on observation and discrete categorizations. Behaviors require movements, yet measurements of physical movements are seldom included. Their inclusion however, could provide an objective characterization of behavior to help unveil interactions between the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Such interactions are critical for the development and maintenance of spontaneous autonomy, self-regulation and voluntary control. At present, current approaches cannot deal with the heterogeneous, dynamic and stochastic (...) nature of development. Accordingly, they leave no avenues for real-time or longitudinal assessments of change in a coping system continuously adapting and developing compensatory mechanisms. We offer a new unifying statistical framework to reveal re-afferent kinesthetic features of the individual with ASD. The new methodology is based on the non-stationary stochastic patterns of minute fluctuations (micro-movements) inherent to our natural actions. Such patterns of behavioral variability provide re-entrant sensory feedback contributing to the autonomous regulation and coordination of the motor output. From an early age, this feedback supports centrally driven volitional control and fluid, flexible transitions between intentional and spontaneous behaviors. We show that in ASD there is a disruption in the maturation of this form of proprioception. Despite this disturbance, each individual has unique adaptive compensatory capabilities that we can unveil and exploit to evoke faster and more accurate decisions. Measuring the kinesthetic re-afference in tandem with stimuli variations we can detect changes in their micro-movements indicative of a more predictive and reliable kinesthetic percept. Our methods address the heterogeneity of ASD with a personalized approach grounded in the inherent sensory-motor abilities that the individual has already developed. (shrink)
Bookmark 13 citations
Maxwell's Demon in Quantum Mechanics.Orly Shenker & Meir Hemmo - 2020 - Entropy 22 (3):269.details
Maxwell's Demon is a thought experiment devised by J. C. Maxwell in 1867 in order to show that the Second Law of thermodynamics is not universal, since it has a counter-example. Since the Second Law is taken by many to provide an arrow of time, the threat to its universality threatens the account of temporal directionality as well. Various attempts to "exorcise" the Demon, by proving that it is impossible for one reason or another, have been made throughout the years, (...) but none of them were successful. We have shown (in a number of publications) by a general state-space argument that Maxwell's Demon is compatible with classical mechanics, and that the most recent solutions, based on Landauer's thesis, are not general. In this paper we demonstrate that Maxwell's Demon is also compatible with quantum mechanics. We do so by analyzing a particular (but highly idealized) experimental setup and proving that it violates the Second Law. Our discussion is in the framework of standard quantum mechanics; we give two separate arguments in the framework of quantum mechanics with and without the projection postulate. We address in our analysis the connection between measurement and erasure interactions and we show how these notions are applicable in the microscopic quantum mechanical structure. We discuss what might be the quantum mechanical counterpart of the classical notion of "macrostates", thus explaining why our Quantum Demon setup works not only at the micro level but also at the macro level, properly understood. One implication of our analysis is that the Second Law cannot provide a universal lawlike basis for an account of the arrow of time; this account has to be sought elsewhere. (shrink)
The Kochen - Specker Theorem in Quantum Mechanics: A Philosophical Comment (Part 2).Vasil Penchev - 2013 - Philosophical Alternatives 22 (3):74-83.details
The text is a continuation of the article of the same name published in the previous issue of Philosophical Alternatives. The philosophical interpretations of the Kochen- Specker theorem (1967) are considered. Einstein's principle regarding the,consubstantiality of inertia and gravity" (1918) allows of a parallel between descriptions of a physical micro-entity in relation to the macro-apparatus on the one hand, and of physical macro-entities in relation to the astronomical mega-entities on the other. The Bohmian interpretation ( 1952) of quantum mechanics (...) proposes that all quantum systems be interpreted as dissipative ones and that the theorem be thus derstood. The conclusion is that the continual representation, by force or (gravitational) field between parts interacting by means of it, of a system is equivalent to their mutual entanglement if representation is discrete. Gravity (force field) and entanglement are two different, correspondingly continual and discrete, images of a single common essence. General relativity can be interpreted as a superluminal generalization of special relativity. The postulate exists of an alleged obligatory difference between a model and reality in science and philosophy. It can also be deduced by interpreting a corollary of the heorem. On the other hand, quantum mechanics, on the basis of this theorem and of V on Neumann's (1932), introduces the option that a model be entirely identified as the modeled reality and, therefore, that absolutely reality be recognized: this is a non-standard hypothesis in the epistemology of science. Thus, the true reality begins to be understood mathematically, i.e. in a Pythagorean manner, for its identification with its mathematical model. A few linked problems are highlighted: the role of the axiom of choice forcorrectly interpreting the theorem; whether the theorem can be considered an axiom; whether the theorem can be considered equivalent to the negation of the axiom. (shrink)
Pan(Proto)Psychism and the Relative-State Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.Yu Feng - manuscriptdetails
This paper connects the hard problem of consciousness to the interpretation of quantum mechanics. It shows that constitutive Russellian pan(proto)psychism (CRP) is compatible with Everett's relative-state (RS) interpretation. Despite targeting different problems, CRP and RS are related, for they both establish symmetry between micro- and macrosystems, and both call for a deflationary account of Subject. The paper starts from formal arguments that demonstrate the incompatibility of CRP with alternative interpretations of quantum mechanics, followed by showing that RS entails Russellian (...) pan(proto)psychism. Therefore, CRP and RS are mutually supportive. It then provides a unified ontological picture by combining CRP and RS. The challenge faced by CRP, the combination problem, can be resolved by adopting a RS version of quantum mechanics. Technically, this is achieved by a co-consciousness relation capable of explaining the difference between first-person and third-person perspectives. The hierarchical structure of the relation removes any concern on the structural mismatch between the physical and the phenomenal. (shrink)
Thermal Performance of MEMS-Based Heat Exchanger with Micro-Encapsulated PCM Slurry.Samira Mehravar - 2014 - Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2:15-22.details
Latent heat thermal energy storage technique has demonstrate to be a better engineering option mainly due to its benefit of supplying higher energy storage density in a smaller temperature difference between retrieval and storage. For this purpose, a micro electro-mechanical system, MEMS-based heat exchanger with microencapsulated PCM (MEPCM) slurry as cold fluid, has been simulated three dimensionally. This work investigates the influence of using MEPCM-slurry on the temperature of the cold and hot fluids. The MEPCM and water properties have (...) been considered temperature dependent. MEPCM-slurry is used with different volume fractions. The result shows that using MEPCM with 25% volume fraction leads to the improvement in fluids temperatures, that is, for hot fluid the rate of temperature reduction increases up to 23.5% and for cold fluid the rate of temperature rise decreases to 9%, compared to using only water in the MEMS. (shrink)
Worlds in a Stochastic Universe: On the Emergence of World Histories in Minimal Bohmian Mechanics.Alexander Ehmann - 2020 - Dissertation, Lingnan Universitydetails
This thesis develops a detailed account of the emergence of for all practical purposes continuous, quasi-classical world histories from the discontinuous, stochastic micro dynamics of Minimal Bohmian Mechanics (MBM). MBM is a non-relativistic quantum theory. It results from excising the guiding equation from standard Bohmian Mechanics (BM) and reinterpreting the quantum equilibrium hypothesis as a stochastic guidance law for the random actualization of configurations of Bohmian particles. On MBM, there are no continuous trajectories linking up individual configurations. Instead, individual (...) configurations are actualized independently of each other, carving out the decoherence-induced branching structure of the universal wave function. Yet, by contrast to the Everett interpretation, branches of the universal wave function are not actualized in parallel, i.e. all at the same time. Rather, world branches, on MBM, are actualized sequentially. -/- For an introduction to MBM, the transition from BM to MBM is described, and their empirical equivalence is established. I present the conditions under which MBM can be classified as a primitive ontology (PO) theory, regarded as crucial for the acceptance of a theory as Bohmian by many proponents of BM. While rendering MBM compatible with the PO approach, it must not fall prey to the problem of communication, arising from the two-space reading of BM. -/- The issue of temporal solipsism, identified by Bell as a serious problem for his "Everett (?) theory" – the historic predecessor of MBM – is discussed. I argue that Barbour's time capsule approach does not provide a satisfactory solution. In particular, his adopting a more than minimal psychophysical parallelism between brain processes and experience of macroscopic change is argued to be reasonable in light of our current best neuroscience, yet problematic for theories relying solely on time capsules, understood as highly structured, individual, internally static configurations. As a solution, I introduce worlds, and world histories, as key concepts in providing a link between MBM's micro dynamics and macroscopic phenomena. Worlds, other than time capsules, are coarse-grained regions in phase- or configuration space, defined as sets of possible micro states satisfying a relation of sufficient similarity from a macroscopic perspective, with respect to a given micro state. Hence, worlds may overlap. -/- I argue that worlds thus construed are a reasonable option for replacing the disjoint macro regions of phase space, resulting from the usual way of partitioning phase space in the standard framework of Boltzmannian statistical mechanics. This move solves the issue of discontinuous change of macro variables upon the micro state crossing the boundary between different macro regions. -/- I adapt this move for MBM's discontinuous micro dynamics in configuration space. Issues revolving around the microscopic-macroscopic distinction, particle identity, impenetrability and haecceity in light of the desideratum of particle number conservation, etc., are discussed. I provide a detailed explanation of how overlapping worlds in MBM form world histories, thereby linking up macroscopically distinct worlds. Thus, the problem of temporal solipsism is resolved in a way that is compatible with a more than minimal psychophysical parallelism. (shrink)
Science, Certainty, and Descartes.Gary Hatfield - 1988 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1988:249 - 262.details
During the 1630s Descartes recognized that he could not expect all legitimate claims in natural science to meet the standard of absolute certainty. The realization resulted from a change in his physics, which itself arose not through methodological reflections, but through developments in his substantive metaphysical doctrines. Descartes discovered the metaphysical foundations of his physics in 1629-30; as a consequence, the style of explanation employed in his physical writings changed. His early methodological conceptions, as preserved in the Rules and sketched (...) in Part Two of the Discourse, pertained primarily to his early work in optics. By the early 1630s, Descartes was concerned with new methodological problems pertaining to the postulation of micro-mechanisms. Recognition of the need to employ a method of hypothesis led him to lower the standard of certainty required of particular explanations in his mature physics. (shrink)
First Philosophy and Natural Philosophy in Descartes.Gary Hatfield - 1985 - In A. J. Holland (ed.), Philosophy, Its History and Historiography. Reidel. pp. 149-164.details
Descartes was both metaphysician and natural philosopher. He used his metaphysics to ground portions of his physics. However, as should be a commonplace but is not, he did not think he could spin all of his physics out of his metaphysics a priori, and in fact he both emphasized the need for appeals to experience in his methodological remarks on philosophizing about nature and constantly appealed to experience in describing his own philosophy of nature. During the 1630s, he offered empirical (...) support for the basic principles of his natural philosophy, while also promising to provide a metaphysical justification. He offered the metaphysical justification in the Meditations and Principles. and claimed absolute certainty for it. At the same time, he recognized that the particular postulated mechanisms of his natural philosophy did not reach that standard of certainty. These mechanisms were supported by empirical testing or confirming of causes through observed effects. (shrink)
The Mereological Problem of Entanglement.Paul M. Näger - manuscriptdetails
It is well-known that the entangled quantum state of a composite object cannot be reduced to the states of its parts. This quantum holism provides a peculiar challenge to formulate an appropriate mereological model: When a system is in an entangled state, which objects are there on the micro and macro level, and which of the objects carries which properties? This paper chooses a modeling approach to answer these questions: It proceeds from a systematic overview of consistent mereological models (...) for entangled systems and discusses which of them is compatible with the quantum mechanical evidence (where quantum states are understood realistically). It reveals that entangled quantum systems neither describe undivided wholes nor objects that stand in irreducible relations. The appropriate model assumes that the entangled property is an irreducible non-relational plural property carried collectively by the micro objects, while there is no macro object. In this sense, quantum holism is an instance of property holism, not of object holism. (shrink)
Uncommon Ground.Fabrizio Macagno & Alessandro Capone - 2016 - Intercultural Pragmatics 2 (13):151–180.details
The purpose of this paper is to show how micro-argumentation mechanisms of presumptive reasoning and reasoning from best explanation can be used for explaining some cases of presupposition cancellation. It will be shown how the relationship between presupposition triggers and pragmatic presuppositions can be analyzed in terms of presumptive and non-presumptive polyphonic articulation of an utterance, resulting in different types of commitments for the interlocutors. This approach is grounded on the two interconnected notions of presumptions and commitments. In (...) some complex cases of presupposition "suspension," the speaker presumes the hearer's acceptance of and commitment to propositions that cannot be presumed as such, namely that do not belong to the common ground, or that have been explicitly rejected as being commonly shared. This phenomenon triggers a complex type of reasoning that can be represented as an abductive pattern, grounded on hierarchies of presumptions and aimed at providing an interpretation that solves this conflict of presumptions. Several cases of suspension of presupposition will be investigated as resulting from non-presumptive polyphonic articulations, in which different voices responsible for distinct commitments are distinguished. By indirectly reporting an element of discourse, the speaker can refuse to take responsibility for the presupposed proposition, and correct the commitments that may result for him. This polyphonic treatment of utterances shows how and why a presupposition is suspended, and identifies the conflicting presumptions that can be further solved through reasoning from best explanation. This reasoning can result in a different reconstruction of the developed logical form of utterance or of its illocutionary force. (shrink)
Experimental Research to Optimize Process Parameters in Machining of Non Conducting Material with Hybrid Non Conconventional Machining.Vikrant Sharma & Sunil Kumar - 2017 - International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1 (4):107-116.details
Among all non conventional micro machining, electrochemical discharge machining ECDM is having high quality of material removal rate with zero residual stress. This machining has been accepted as a highly modern technology in micromachining. In this paper an effort has been done on micro drilling of glass using electrochemical discharge machining ECDM . A fixed tool and a step down transformer have been used to support the steady machining to increase the accuracy of work piece. The input parameters (...) used in this experiment are voltage, concentration of electrolyte, enter electrode gap and ratio of area of electrode. MRR has been investigated over the input parameters. Feed rate and electrolyte temperature has been made constant of 3µm sec and 30°c respectively. Taguchi method is used to optimize the effect of the process parameters on MRR. The signal to noise S N ratio and the ANOVA analysis are employed to find the contributions of input parameters. Vikrant Sharma | Sunil Kumar "Experimental research to Optimize Process Parameters in Machining of Non Conducting Material with hybrid non conconventional machining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017. (shrink)
What Is Life: An Informational Model of the Living Structures.Florin Gaiseanu - 2020 - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 5 (2):18-28.details
Schröedinger's question "what is life?" was a real challenge for the scientific community and this still remains as an opened question, because in spite of the important advances in various scientific branches like philosophy, biology, chemistry and physics,, each of them assesses life from its particular point of view to explain the life' characteristic features, so not a coherent and well structured general model of life was reported. In this paper life is approached from informational perspective, starting from earlier Draganeacu's (...) philosophic concepts, showing that actually life is structured by matter and information. Therefore, it is analyzed carbon-matter properties on the basis of which the living structures are composed, giving rise not only of a considerable number of carbon-based compounds, but serving now beside silicon, as an useful material for micro/nanostructure applications. Such specific properties refers to the high ability of carbon to associate/dissociate in chemical reactions regulated/facilitated by informational (Bit unit) YES/NO bistable mechanisms to form macro/small molecules with complementary properties, reactive info-functional pathways of transduction, relaying, amplification, integration, spreading, modulation, activation and positive/negative feedback reactions, like in the informational microelectronic/microsystems circuits. It is argued that the negentropy invoked earlier in Schrödinger's analysis is a consequence of informational-assisted structuration/organization of the cell and human organism. From the analysis of inter/intra-communication mechanisms in the cell and comparing with the outcomes described by the Informational Model of Human Body, it is deduced that, the living organisms operate on the basis of three main streaming circuits assuring the living functions: (1) the metabolic matter-related circuit; (2) the operative informational circuit; (3) the epigenetic informational circuit for the gradual integration of information in the central informational structure – DNA. It is founded on these bases the Informational Model of the Living Structures, and the Informational System of the Living Structures (ISLS), with similar functions on the entire living scale size, from unitary to multicellular living structures, composed by seven informational systems, namely [CASI (center of acquisition and storing of information), CDC (center of decision and command), IRSS (info-reactive sentient system), MIS (maintenance info-system), GTS (genetic transmission system), IGG (info-genetic generator) and IC (info-connection)]ISLS, and are identified the specific functions of each of them. The living structures operate thus like self-"polarized" bipolar info-matter informational devices by means of the stand-by metabolic matter-related circuit, and react/respond to the external/internal informational stimuli, which modulate their functionality, returning an external reaction signal ("attitude"), for adaptation and survival. (shrink)
Neurodemocracy: Self-Organization of the Embodied Mind.Linus Huang - 2017 - Dissertation, University of Sydneydetails
This thesis contributes to a better conceptual understanding of how self-organized control works. I begin by analyzing the control problem and its solution space. I argue that the two prominent solutions offered by classical cognitive science (centralized control with rich commands, e.g., the Fodorian central systems) and embodied cognitive science (distributed control with simple commands, such as the subsumption architecture by Rodney Brooks) are merely two positions in a two-dimensional solution space. I outline two alternative positions: one is distributed control (...) with rich commands, defended by proponents of massive modularity hypothesis; the other is centralized control with simple commands. My goal is to develop a hybrid account that combines aspects of the second alternative position and that of the embodied cognitive science (i.e., centralized and distributed controls with simple commands). Before developing my account, I discuss the virtues and challenges of the first three. This discussion results in a set of criteria for successful neural control mechanisms. Then, I develop my account through analyzing neuroscientific models of decision-making and control with the theoretical lenses provided by formal decision and social choice theories. I contend that neural processes can be productively modeled as a collective of agents, and neural self-organization is analogous to democratic self-governance. In particular, I show that the basal ganglia, a set of subcortical structures, contribute to the production of coherent and intelligent behaviors through implementing "democratic" procedures. Unlike the Fodorian central system—which is a micro-managing "neural commander-in-chief"—the basal ganglia are a "central election commission." They delegate control of habitual behaviors to other distributed control mechanisms. Yet, when novel problems arise, they engage and determine the result on the basis of simple information (the votes) from across the system with the principles of neurodemocracy, and control with simple commands of inhibition and disinhibition. By actively managing and taking advantage of the wisdom-of-the-crowd effect, these democratic processes enhance the intelligence and coherence of the mind's final "collective" decisions. I end by defending this account from both philosophical and empirical criticisms and showing that it meets the criteria for successful solution. (shrink)
Hume on the Laws of Dynamics: The Tacit Assumption of Mechanism.Matias Slavov - 2016 - Hume Studies 42 (1-2):113-136.details
I shall argue that when Hume refers to the laws of dynamics, he tacitly assumes a mechanism. Nevertheless, he remains agnostic on whether the hidden micro-constitution of bodies is machinelike. Hence this article comes to the following conclusion. Hume is not a full-blown mechanical philosopher. Still his position on dynamic laws and his concept of causation instantiate a tacitly mechanical understanding of the interactions of bodies.
Many Worlds Model Resolving the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox Via a Direct Realism to Modal Realism Transition That Preserves Einstein Locality.Sascha Vongehr - 2011details
The violation of Bell inequalities by quantum physical experiments disproves all relativistic micro causal, classically real models, short Local Realistic Models (LRM). Non-locality, the infamous "spooky interaction at a distance" (A. Einstein), is already sufficiently 'unreal' to motivate modifying the "realistic" in "local realistic". This has led to many worlds and finally many minds interpretations. We introduce a simple many world model that resolves the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox. The model starts out as a classical LRM, thus clarifying that (...) the many worlds concept alone does not imply quantum physics. Some of the desired 'non-locality', e.g. anti-correlation at equal measurement angles, is already present, but Bell's inequality can of course not be violated. A single and natural step turns this LRM into a quantum model predicting the correct probabilities. Intriguingly, the crucial step does obviously not modify locality but instead reality: What before could have still been a direct realism turns into modal realism. This supports the trend away from the focus on non-locality in quantum mechanics towards a mature structural realism that preserves micro causality. (shrink)
The Time Flow Manifesto CHAPTER 3 REVERSIBILTY IN PHYSICS.Andrew Holster - manuscriptdetails
The conventional claims and concepts of 5* - 8* are a hang-over from the classical theory of thermodynamics – i.e. thermodynamics based on a fully deterministic micro-theory, developed in the time of Boltzmann, Loschmidt and Gibbs in the late C19th. The classical theory has well-known 'reversibility paradoxes' when applied to the universe as a whole. But the introduction of intrinsic probabilities in quantum mechanics, and its consequent time asymmetry, fundamentally changes the picture.
Collective and Individual Rationality: Some Episodes in the History of Economic Thought.Andy Denis - 2002 - Dissertation, City, University of Londondetails
This thesis argues for the fundamental importance of the opposition between holistic and reductionistic world-views in economics. Both reductionism and holism may nevertheless underpin laissez-faire policy prescriptions. Scrutiny of the nature of the articulation between micro and macro levels in the writings of economists suggests that invisible hand theories play a key role in reconciling reductionist policy prescriptions with a holistic world. An examination of the prisoners' dilemma in game theory and Arrow's impossibility theorem in social choice theory sets (...) the scene. The prisoners' dilemma epitomises the collective irrationality coordination problems lead to. The source of the dilemma is identified as the combination of interdependence in content and independence in form of the decision making process. Arrovian impossibility has been perceived as challenging traditional views of the relationship between micro and macro levels in economics. Conservative arguments against the possibility in principle of a social welfare function are criticised here as depending on an illicit dualism. The thesis then reviews the standpoints of Smith, Hayek and Keynes. For Smith, the social desirability of individual self-seeking activity is ensured by the 'invisible hand' of a god who has moulded us so to behave, that the quantity of happiness in the world is always maximised. Hayek seeks to re-establish the invisible hand in a secular age, replacing the agency of a deity with an evolutionary mechanism. Hayek's evolutionary theory, criticised here as being based on the exploded notion of group selection, cannot underpin the desirability of spontaneous outcomes. I conclude by arguing that Keynes shares the holistic approach of Smith and Hayek, but without their reliance on invisible hand mechanisms. If spontaneous processes cannot be relied upon to generate desirable social outcomes then we have to take responsibility for achieving this ourselves by establishing the appropriate institutional framework to eliminate macroeconomic prisoners' dilemmas. (shrink)
Clicktatorship and Democrazy: Social Media and Political Campaigning.Martin A. M. Gansinger & Ayman Kole - 2018 - In M. A. M. Gansinger & Ayman Kole (eds.), Vortex of the Web. Potentials of the online environment. Hamburg: pp. 15-40.details
This chapter aims to direct attention to the political dimension of the social media age. Although current events like the Cambridge Analytica data breach managed to raise awareness for the issue, the systematically organized and orchestrated mechanisms at play still remain oblivious to most. Next to dangerous monopoly-tendencies among the powerful players on the market, reliance on automated algorithms in dealing with content seems to enable large-scale manipulation that is applied for economical and political purposes alike. The successful replacement (...) of traditional parties by movements based on personality cults around marketable young faces like Emmanuel Macron or Austria's Sebastian Kurz is strongly linked to products and services offered by an industry that simply provides likes and followers for cash. Inspired by Trump's monopolization of the Twitter-channel, these new political acteurs use the potential of social media for effective message control, allowing them to avoid confrontations with professional journalists. In addition, an extremely active minority of organized agitators relies on the viral potential of the web to strongly influence and dictate public discourse – suggesting a shift from the Spiral of Silence to the dangerous illusion of a Nexus of Noise. (shrink)
"Collective and Individual Rationality: Maynard Keynes's Methodological Standpoint and Policy Prescription".Andy Denis - 2002 - Research in Political Economy 20:187-215.details
In a world of partially overlapping and partially conflicting interests there is good reason to doubt that self-seeking behaviour at the micro-level will spontaneously lead to desirable social outcomes at the macro-level. Nevertheless, some sophisticated economic writers advocating a laissez-faire policy prescription have proposed various 'invisible hand' mechanisms which can supposedly be relied upon to 'educe good from ill'. Smith defended the 'simple system of natural liberty' as giving the greatest scope to the unfolding of God's will and (...) the working out of 'natural' providential processes free of interference by 'artificial' state intervention - the expression not of divine order but of fallible human reason. Hayek, adopting a similar policy stance, based it in an evolutionary process in which those institutional forms best adapted to reconciling individual interests would, he believed, spontaneously be selected for in the inter-group struggle for survival. Keynes shares the holistic approach of Smith and Hayek, but without their reliance on invisible hand mechanisms. If spontaneous processes cannot be relied upon to generate desirable social outcomes then we have to take responsibility for achieving this ourselves by establishing the appropriate institutional framework. Keynes takes a historical view of the role of capitalism and analyses its pathology as rooted in what we would now refer to as a multi-player prisoners' dilemma. The paper draws out the significance of his methodological standpoint here. Keynes's policy standpoint assigns a critical role to his own class, the 'educated bourgeoisie' in the reform process he maps out. A distinction, but also an intimate connection, is highlighted between, on the one hand, micro-level individualism (the 'Manchester System, and, on the other, the macro-level collective action ('planning') required to preserve it. Finally Keynes is considered in relation to the themes of laissez-faire, holism, reductionism, providentialism and the invisible hand. (shrink)
From Analysis to Synthesis: Conceiving a Transformative Metaphysics for the Twenty-First Century.Mikhail Epstein - 2020 - In Russian Philosophy in the Twenty-First Century. An Anthology. Leiden, Boston: Brill, Rodopi. pp. 74–100.details
The article aims to substantiate the philosophy of synthesis, which is built on the basis of analysis, but gives it a constructive direction. The turning point from analysis to synthesis is the problematization of the elements identified in the analysis, their criticism, replacement, or rearrangement, leading to the construction of alternative concepts and propositions that expand the field of the thinkable and innovate the categorical apparatus of philosophy. This article provides examples of philosophical synthesis at different levels: alternative terms and (...) concepts ("infinition"), postulates (the "diamond rule" in ethics), and disciplines ("horrology" as the study of the self-destructive mechanisms of civilization). Next, we consider the transition from the philosophy of synthesis to the synthesis of philosophy itself with contemporary scientific and technical practices. Technology of the 21st century is no longer instrumental/utilitarian, but a fundamental technology ("onto–technology"), which, thanks to science's penetration into the micro- and macrocosm, can change the foundational parameters of being, thereby acquiring a philosophical dimension. Accordingly, philosophy as a study of the most general principles of the universe becomes a practical requirement in any "world-forming," synthesizing acts of technology, including the design of computer games and multi-populated virtual worlds (e.g., "Second Life"), that involve a new ontology, logic, ethics, and axiology. The vocation of philosophy in the 21st century is not just to comprehend our unique world, but to lay the foundations for new world-forming practices, to initiate and design the ontology of possible worlds, and to pave the way for alternative forms of synthetic life and artificial intelligence. Contrary to Hegel, philosophy is no longer the "owl of Minerva" taking flight at dusk, but a skylark proclaiming the dawn of a new creative day. -/- . (shrink)
Mechanism of Tantra in the Light of Buddhism: A Means to Enlightenment (Society for New Testament Studies).Shimi Cm & Rajiba Behera - 2018 - International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 5 (3):1862 -1865.details
Tantra means knowledge of methodical and mechanical investigational-technique through which we develop our consciousness and faculties of consciousness. It is also a process through which we can able to be realized our inherent spiritual powers. The term "Tantra" has been derived from the Sanskrit term "Tan" which means to "Magnify" or to "Outspread". People use Tantra in a very mechanical way to transform their personality from animalhood to divinity. Basically, in the school of Buddhism, Tantra has developed a system of (...) thought which makes us see the universe as if it were within ourselves, and ourselves as if we were within the universe. In addition, we can argue that the forces governing the cosmos on the macro-level are believed to govern the individual in the micro-level. According to Tantra, there is a pyramid among individual being and universal being rather both sides are same. Thus all that exists in the universe must also exist in the individual body. It means we are all one under the umbrella of the sky. According to Buddhism, Tantra is the best way to salvation. Because, through the mechanism of Tantra, people can overcome to ignorance and affection towards the material world and can achieve wisdom. (shrink)
Micro-Credit NGOs and Strategic Trust: An Odd Couple?Kazi A. S. M. Nurul Huda - 2021 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 30 (3):360-377.details
This study contributes to the micro-credit literature by addressing the lack of philosophical dialogue concerning the issue of trust between micro-credit NGOs and rural poor women. The study demonstrates that one of the root causes of NGOs' contested roles in Bangladesh is the norm that they use (i.e., trust) to rationalize their micro-credit activities. I argue that Bangladeshi micro-credit NGOs' trust in poor village women is not genuine because they resort to group responsibility sustained through aggressive (...) surveillance. I maintain so by drawing on a trust-based theoretical framework that uses various philosophical insights. Drawing on the same conceptual framework, I also contend, somewhat softening the previous claim, that if micro-credit trust is trust at all, it is at most strategic, not generalized. For being strategic, it has many undermining effects on local social solidarity norms, rendering Bangladeshi micro-credit NGOs and strategic trust an odd couple with no moral compass. To bring forth the moral impetus in micro-credit activities, I lay out some recommendations intended for organizations, managers, and policymakers, consistent with normative corporate social responsibility initiatives. However, further studies can be initiated based on this paper, suggesting its importance for future research. (shrink)
Mechanisms and Constitutive Relevance.Mark B. Couch - 2011 - Synthese 183 (3):375-388.details
This paper will examine the nature of mechanisms and the distinction between the relevant and irrelevant parts involved in a mechanism's operation. I first consider Craver's account of this distinction in his book on the nature of mechanisms, and explain some problems. I then offer a novel account of the distinction that appeals to some resources from Mackie's theory of causation. I end by explaining how this account enables us to better understand what mechanisms are and their (...) various features. (shrink)
The Moral Status of Micro-Inequities: In Favour of Institutional Solutions.Samantha Brennan - manuscriptdetails
This chapter is about micro-inequities and their connection to the problem of implicit bias. It begins by defining micro-inequities, goes on to discuss what makes them wrong and what solutions might be appropriate given the institutional context in which they occur.
The Micro Potential for Social Change: Emotion, Consciousness, and Social Movement Formation.Erika Summers-Effler - 2002 - Sociological Theory 20 (1):41-60.details
Can one explain both the resilience of the status quo and the possibility for resistance from a subordinate position? This paper aims to resolve these seemingly incompatible perspectives. By extending Randall Collins's interaction ritual theory, and synthesizing it with Norbert Wiley's model of the self, this paper suggests how the emotional dynamics between people and within the self can explain social inertia as well as the possibility for resistance and change. Diverging from literature on the sociology of emotions that has (...) been concerned with individual emotional processes, this paper considers the collective level in order to explore how movement action is motivated. The emotional dynamics of subordinate positioning that limit women's options in face-to-face interactions are examined, as are the social processes of developing feminist consciousness and a willingness to participate in resistance work. Pointing toward empirical applications, I conclude by suggesting conditions where resistance is likely. (shrink)
Quantum Mechanics and 3 N - Dimensional Space.Bradley Monton - 2006 - Philosophy of Science 73 (5):778-789.details
I maintain that quantum mechanics is fundamentally about a system of N particles evolving in three-dimensional space, not the wave function evolving in 3N-dimensional space.
Bohmian Mechanics Without Wave Function Ontology.Albert Solé - 2013 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 44 (4):365-378.details
In this paper, I critically assess different interpretations of Bohmian mechanics that are not committed to an ontology based on the wave function being an actual physical object that inhabits configuration space. More specifically, my aim is to explore the connection between the denial of configuration space realism and another interpretive debate that is specific to Bohmian mechanics: the quantum potential versus guidance approaches. Whereas defenders of the quantum potential approach to the theory claim that Bohmian mechanics is better formulated (...) as quasi-Newtonian, via the postulation of forces proportional to acceleration; advocates of the guidance approach defend the notion that the theory is essentially first-order and incorporates some concepts akin to those of Aristotelian physics. Here I analyze whether the desideratum of an interpretation of Bohmian mechanics that is both explanatorily adequate and not committed to configuration space realism favors one of these two approaches to the theory over the other. Contrary to some recent claims in the literature, I argue that the quasi-Newtonian approach based on the idea of a quantum potential does not come out the winner. (shrink)
Gendering Dynamic Capabilities in Micro Firms.Yevgen Bogodistov, André Presse, Oleksandr P. Krupskyi & Sergii Sardak - 2017 - Revista de Administração de Empresas 3 (57): 273-282.details
Gender issues are well-researched in the general management literature, particular in studies on new ventures. Unfortunately, gender issues have been largely ignored in the dynamic capabilities literature. We address this gap by analyzing the effects of gender diversity on dynamic capabilities among micro firms. We consider the gender of managers and personnel in 124 Ukrainian tourism micro firms. We examine how a manager's gender affects the firm's sensing capacities and investigate how it moderates team gender diversity's impact on (...) sensing capacities. We also investigate how personnel composition impacts seizing and reconfiguration capacities. We find that female managers have several shortcomings concerning a firm's sensing capacity but that personnel gender diversity increases this capacity. Team gender diversity has positive effects on a firm's seizing and reconfiguration abilities. Our study advances research on gender diversity and its impact on firm capabilities and illustrates its relevance for staffing practices in micro firms. (shrink)
Gendering Dynamic Capabilities in Micro Firms.Yevgen Bogodistov, André Presse, Oleksandr Krupskyi & Sergii Sardak - 2017 - RAE Revista de Administracao de Empresas 57 (3):273-282.details
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics.P. A. M. Dirac - 1930 - Clarendon Press.details
THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION. The need for a quantum theory Classical mechanics has been developed continuously from the time of Newton and applied to an ...
Bookmark 245 citations
Quantum Mechanics in a Time-Asymmetric Universe: On the Nature of the Initial Quantum State.Eddy Keming Chen - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science:axy068.details
In a quantum universe with a strong arrow of time, we postulate a low-entropy boundary condition to account for the temporal asymmetry. In this paper, I show that the Past Hypothesis also contains enough information to simplify the quantum ontology and define a unique initial condition in such a world. First, I introduce Density Matrix Realism, the thesis that the quantum universe is described by a fundamental density matrix that represents something objective. This stands in sharp contrast to Wave Function (...) Realism, the thesis that the quantum universe is described by a wave function that represents something objective. Second, I suggest that the Past Hypothesis is sufficient to determine a unique and simple density matrix. This is achieved by what I call the Initial Projection Hypothesis: the initial density matrix of the universe is the normalized projection onto the special low-dimensional Hilbert space. Third, because the initial quantum state is unique and simple, we have a strong case for the \emph{Nomological Thesis}: the initial quantum state of the universe is on a par with laws of nature. This new package of ideas has several interesting implications, including on the harmony between statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, the dynamic unity of the universe and the subsystems, and the alleged conflict between Humean supervenience and quantum entanglement. (shrink)
Mechanisms: What Are They Evidence for in Evidence-Based Medicine?Holly Andersen - 2012 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 18 (5):992-999.details
Even though the evidence‐based medicine movement (EBM) labels mechanisms a low quality form of evidence, consideration of the mechanisms on which medicine relies, and the distinct roles that mechanisms might play in clinical practice, offers a number of insights into EBM itself. In this paper, I examine the connections between EBM and mechanisms from several angles. I diagnose what went wrong in two examples where mechanistic reasoning failed to generate accurate predictions for how a dysfunctional mechanism (...) would respond to intervention. I then use these examples to explain why we should expect this kind of mechanistic reasoning to fail in systematic ways, by situating these failures in terms of evolved complexity of the causal system(s) in question. I argue that there is still a different role in which mechanisms continue to figure as evidence in EBM: namely, in guiding the application of population‐level recommendations to individual patients. Thus, even though the evidence‐based movement rejects one role in which mechanistic reasoning serves as evidence, there are other evidentiary roles for mechanistic reasoning. This renders plausible the claims of some critics of evidencebased medicine who point to the ineliminable role of clinical experience. Clearly specifying the ways in which mechanisms and mechanistic reasoning can be involved in clinical practice frames the discussion about EBM and clinical experience in more fruitful terms. (shrink)
Mechanisms and Laws: Clarifying the Debate.Marie I. Kaiser & C. F. Craver - 2013 - In H.-K. Chao, S.-T. Chen & R. Millstein (eds.), Mechanism and Causality in Biology and Economics. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 125-145.details
Leuridan (2011) questions whether mechanisms can really replace laws at the heart of our thinking about science. In doing so, he enters a long-standing discussion about the relationship between the mech-anistic structures evident in the theories of contemporary biology and the laws of nature privileged especially in traditional empiricist traditions of the philosophy of science (see e.g. Wimsatt 1974; Bechtel and Abrahamsen 2005; Bogen 2005; Darden 2006; Glennan 1996; MDC 2000; Schaffner 1993; Tabery 2003; Weber 2005). In our view, (...) Leuridan misconstrues this discussion. His weak positive claim that mechanistic sciences appeal to generalizations is true but uninteresting. His stronger claim, that all causal claims require laws, is unsupported by his arguments. Though we proceed by criticizing Leuridan's arguments, our greater purpose is to embellish his arguments in order to show how thinking about mechanisms enriches and transforms old philosophical debates about laws in biology and provides new insights into how generalizations afford prediction, explanation and control. (shrink)
Mechanisms, Counterfactuals and Laws.Stavros Ioannidis & Stathis Psillos - 2018 - In Stuart Glennan & Phyllis Illari (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Mechanisms and Mechanical Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 144-156.details
In this chapter we examine the relation between mechanisms and laws/counterfactuals by revisiting the main notions of mechanism found in the literature. We distinguish between two different conceptions of 'mechanism': mechanisms-of underlie or constitute a causal process; mechanisms-for are complex systems that function so as to produce a certain behavior. According to some mechanists, a mechanism fulfills both of these roles simultaneously. The main argument of the chapter is that there is an asymmetrical dependence between both kinds (...) of mechanisms and laws/counterfactuals: while some laws and counterfactuals must be taken as primitive (non-mechanistic) facts of the world, all mechanisms depend on laws/counterfactuals. (shrink)
Mechanisms and Psychological Explanation.Cory Wright & William Bechtel - 2007 - In Paul Thagard (ed.), Handbook of the Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science. Elsevier.details
As much as assumptions about mechanisms and mechanistic explanation have deeply affected psychology, they have received disproportionately little analysis in philosophy. After a historical survey of the influences of mechanistic approaches to explanation of psychological phenomena, we specify the nature of mechanisms and mechanistic explanation. Contrary to some treatments of mechanistic explanation, we maintain that explanation is an epistemic activity that involves representing and reasoning about mechanisms. We discuss the manner in which mechanistic approaches serve to bridge (...) levels rather than reduce them, as well as the different ways in which mechanisms are discovered. Finally, we offer a more detailed example of an important psychological phenomenon for which mechanistic explanation has provided the main source of scientific understanding. (shrink)
Grounding-Mechanical Explanation.Kelly Trogdon - 2018 - Philosophical Studies 175 (6):1289-1309.details
Characterization of a form of explanation involving grounding on the model of mechanistic causal explanation.
Quantum Mechanics and Paradigm Shifts.Valia Allori - 2015 - Topoi 34 (2):313-323.details
It has been argued that the transition from classical to quantum mechanics is an example of a Kuhnian scientific revolution, in which there is a shift from the simple, intuitive, straightforward classical paradigm, to the quantum, convoluted, counterintuitive, amazing new quantum paradigm. In this paper, after having clarified what these quantum paradigms are supposed to be, I analyze whether they constitute a radical departure from the classical paradigm. Contrary to what is commonly maintained, I argue that, in addition to radical (...) quantum paradigms, there are also legitimate ways of understanding the quantum world that do not require any substantial change to the classical paradigm. (shrink)
Quantum Mechanics Over Sets.David Ellerman - forthcoming - Synthese.details
This paper shows how the classical finite probability theory (with equiprobable outcomes) can be reinterpreted and recast as the quantum probability calculus of a pedagogical or toy model of quantum mechanics over sets (QM/sets). There have been several previous attempts to develop a quantum-like model with the base field of ℂ replaced by ℤ₂. Since there are no inner products on vector spaces over finite fields, the problem is to define the Dirac brackets and the probability calculus. The previous attempts (...) all required the brackets to take values in ℤ₂. But the usual QM brackets <ψ|ϕ> give the "overlap" between states ψ and ϕ, so for subsets S,T⊆U, the natural definition is <S|T>=|S∩T| (taking values in the natural numbers). This allows QM/sets to be developed with a full probability calculus that turns out to be a non-commutative extension of classical Laplace-Boole finite probability theory. The pedagogical model is illustrated by giving simple treatments of the indeterminacy principle, the double-slit experiment, Bell's Theorem, and identical particles in QM/Sets. A more technical appendix explains the mathematics behind carrying some vector space structures between QM over ℂ and QM/Sets over ℤ₂. (shrink)
Instead of Particles and Fields: A Micro Realistic Quantum "Smearon" Theory.Nicholas Maxwell - 1982 - Foundatioins of Physics 12 (6):607-631.details
A fully micro realistic, propensity version of quantum theory is proposed, according to which fundamental physical entities - neither particles nor fields - have physical characteristics which determine probabilistically how they interact with one another . The version of quantum "smearon" theory proposed here does not modify the equations of orthodox quantum theory: rather, it gives a radically new interpretation to these equations. It is argued that there are strong general reasons for preferring quantum "smearon" theory to orthodox quantum (...) theory; the proposed change in physical interpretation leads quantum "smearon" theory to make experimental predictions subtly different from those of orthodox quantum theory. Some possible crucial experiments are considered. (shrink)
Quantum Mechanics in Terms of Realism.Arthur Jabs - 2017 - arXiv.Org.details
We expound an alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation of the formalism of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. The basic difference is that the new interpretation is formulated in the language of epistemological realism. It involves a change in some basic physical concepts. The ψ function is no longer interpreted as a probability amplitude of the observed behaviour of elementary particles but as an objective physical field representing the particles themselves. The particles are thus extended objects whose extension varies in time according to (...) the variation of ψ. They are considered as fundamental regions of space with some kind of nonlocality. Special consideration is given to the Heisenberg relations, the Einstein-Podolsky- Rosen correlations, the reduction process, the problem of measurement, and the quantum-statistical distributions. (shrink)
Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics: A Maxwellian View.Wayne C. Myrvold - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42 (4):237-243.details
One finds, in Maxwell's writings on thermodynamics and statistical physics, a conception of the nature of these subjects that differs in interesting ways from the way that they are usually conceived. In particular, though—in agreement with the currently accepted view—Maxwell maintains that the second law of thermodynamics, as originally conceived, cannot be strictly true, the replacement he proposes is different from the version accepted by most physicists today. The modification of the second law accepted by most physicists is a probabilistic (...) one: although statistical fluctuations will result in occasional spontaneous differences in temperature or pressure, there is no way to predictably and reliably harness these to produce large violations of the original version of the second law. Maxwell advocates a version of the second law that is strictly weaker; the validity of even this probabilistic version is of limited scope, limited to situations in which we are dealing with large numbers of molecules en masse and have no ability to manipulate individual molecules. Connected with this is his concept of the thermodynamic concepts of heat, work, and entropy; on the Maxwellian view, these are concepts that must be relativized to the means we have available for gathering information about and manipulating physical systems. The Maxwellian view is one that deserves serious consideration in discussions of the foundation of statistical mechanics. It has relevance for the project of recovering thermodynamics from statistical mechanics because, in such a project, it matters which version of the second law we are trying to recover. (shrink)
Probabilities in Statistical Mechanics.Wayne C. Myrvold - 2016 - In Christopher Hitchcock & Alan H'Ajek (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Probability and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 573-600.details
This chapter will review selected aspects of the terrain of discussions about probabilities in statistical mechanics (with no pretensions to exhaustiveness, though the major issues will be touched upon), and will argue for a number of claims. None of the claims to be defended is entirely original, but all deserve emphasis. The first, and least controversial, is that probabilistic notions are needed to make sense of statistical mechanics. The reason for this is the same reason that convinced Maxwell, Gibbs, and (...) Boltzmann that probabilities would be needed, namely, that the second law of thermodynamics, which in its original formulation says that certain processes are impossible, must, on the kinetic theory, be replaced by a weaker formulation according to which what the original version deems impossible is merely improbable. Second is that we ought not take the standard measures invoked in equilibrium statistical mechanics as giving, in any sense, the correct probabilities about microstates of the system. We can settle for a much weaker claim: that the probabilities for outcomes of experiments yielded by the standard distributions are effectively the same as those yielded by any distribution that we should take as a representing probabilities over microstates. Lastly, (and most controversially): in asking about the status of probabilities in statistical mechanics, the familiar dichotomy between epistemic probabilities (credences, or degrees of belief) and ontic (physical) probabilities is insufficient; the concept of probability that is best suited to the needs of statistical mechanics is one that combines epistemic and physical considerations. (shrink)
A Field Guide to Mechanisms: Part I.Holly Andersen - 2014 - Philosophy Compass 9 (4):274-283.details
In this field guide, I distinguish five separate senses with which the term 'mechanism' is used in contemporary philosophy of science. Many of these senses have overlapping areas of application but involve distinct philosophical claims and characterize the target mechanisms in relevantly different ways. This field guide will clarify the key features of each sense and introduce some main debates, distinguishing those that transpire within a given sense from those that are best understood as concerning distinct senses. The 'new (...) mechanisms' sense is at the center of most of these contemporary debates and will be treated at greater length; subsequent senses of mechanism will be primarily distinguished from this one. In part I of this paper, I distinguish two senses of the term 'mechanism', both of which are explicitly hierarchical and nested in character, such that any given mechanism is comprised of smaller sub-mechanisms, in turn comprised of yet smaller sub-sub-mechanisms and so on. While both of the senses discussed here are anti-reductive, they differ in their focus on scientific practice versus metaphysics, in the degree of regularity they attribute to mechanisms, and in terms of their relationships to the discussions of mechanisms in the history of philosophy and science. (shrink)
Thermodynamics and Mechanical Equivalent of Heat.Nahum Kipnis - 2014 - Science & Education 23 (10):2007-2044.details
This paper is the first part of a three-part project 'How the principle of energy conservation evolved between 1842 and 1870: the view of a participant'. This paper aims at showing how the new ideas of Mayer and Joule were received, what constituted the new theory in the period under study, and how it was supported experimentally. A connection was found between the new theory and thermodynamics which benefited both of them. Some considerations are offered about the desirability of taking (...) a historical approach to teaching energy and its conservation. (shrink)
A Field Guide to Mechanisms: Part II.Holly Andersen - 2014 - Philosophy Compass 9 (4):284-293.details
In this field guide, I distinguish five separate senses with which the term 'mechanism' is used in contemporary philosophy of science. Many of these senses have overlapping areas of application but involve distinct philosophical claims and characterize the target mechanisms in relevantly different ways. This field guide will clarify the key features of each sense and introduce some main debates, distinguishing those that transpire within a given sense from those that are best understood as concerning two distinct senses. The (...) 'new mechanisms' sense is the primary sense from which other senses will be distinguished. In part II of this field guide, I consider three further senses of the term that are ontologically 'flat' or at least not explicitly hierarchical in character: equations in structural equation models of causation, causal-physical processes, and information-theoretic constraints on states available to systems. After characterizing each sense, I clarify its ontological commitments, its methodological implications, how it figures in explanations, its implications for reduction, and the key manners in which it differs from other senses of mechanism. I conclude that there is no substantive core meaning shared by all senses, and that debates in contemporary philosophy of science can benefit from clarification regarding precisely which sense of mechanism is at stake. (shrink)
Modalizing Mechanisms.Manolo Martínez - 2015 - Journal of Philosophy 112 (12):658-670.details
It is widely held that it is unhelpful to model our epistemic access to modal facts on the basis of perception, and postulate the existence of a bodily mechanism attuned to modal features of the world. In this paper I defend modalizing mechanisms. I present and discuss a decision-theoretic model in which agents with severely limited cognitive abilities, at the end of an evolutionary process, have states which encode substantial information about the probabilities with which the outcomes of a (...) certain Bernoulli process occur. Thus, in the model, a process driven by very simple, thoroughly naturalistic mechanisms eventuates in modal sensitivity. (shrink)
The Ontology of Bohmian Mechanics.M. Esfeld, D. Lazarovici, Mario Hubert & D. Durr - 2014 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 65 (4):773-796.details
The paper points out that the modern formulation of Bohm's quantum theory known as Bohmian mechanics is committed only to particles' positions and a law of motion. We explain how this view can avoid the open questions that the traditional view faces according to which Bohm's theory is committed to a wave-function that is a physical entity over and above the particles, although it is defined on configuration space instead of three-dimensional space. We then enquire into the status of the (...) law of motion, elaborating on how the main philosophical options to ground a law of motion, namely Humeanism and dispositionalism, can be applied to Bohmian mechanics. In conclusion, we sketch out how these options apply to primitive ontology approaches to quantum mechanics in general. (shrink)
Mechanisms Without Mechanistic Explanation.Naftali Weinberger - 2019 - Synthese 196 (6):2323-2340.details
Some recent accounts of constitutive relevance have identified mechanism components with entities that are causal intermediaries between the input and output of a mechanism. I argue that on such accounts there is no distinctive inter-level form of mechanistic explanation and that this highlights an absence in the literature of a compelling argument that there are such explanations. Nevertheless, the entities that these accounts call 'components' do play an explanatory role. Studying causal intermediaries linking variables Xand Y provides knowledge of the (...) counterfactual conditions under which X will continue to bring about Y. This explanatory role does not depend on whether intermediate variables count as components. The question of whether there are distinctively mechanistic explanations remains open. (shrink)
1 — 50 / 1000
Using PhilArchive from home?


text:
Home»News»Esports News»Overwatch team: Los Angeles Gladiators
Overwatch team: Los Angeles Gladiators
Apr 05, 2021 Mar 31, 2021 Xgamer
Los Angeles Gladiators is a professional Overwatch team from North America that, as the name indicates, is based in Los Angeles. The team was founded in August 2017 and participates in the League from the Pacific West Division.
It has the honor of being one of the League's twelve founding members and is also one of the only two professional Overwatch teams from Los Angeles.
Team's Organization
Los Angeles Gladiators is owned by Stan Kroenke and Josh Kroenke. David Pei is the current Head Coach of Los Angeles Gladiators whereas Brenda Suh is performing the duties of General Manager.
The below image provides an insight into the organization of the team by showing their names, IDs, countries of origin, and joining dates.
As the team's organization members are from three different countries, Los Angeles can be considered as an experienced team.
See also Some of the most expensive cosmetic items in Dota 2
Team's Earnings
With a handsome amount of $642,000, Los Angeles Gladiators has made more money than many other teams participating in the League.
Former Roster
A look at the team's former roster is vital for knowing its past performance.
The below image shows the name, ID, role. along with joining and leaving dates of the previous players of Los Angeles Gladiators.
These players belonged to four different countries. Three of them retired from their careers whereas the remaining five joined other teams.
Most of the players stayed in Los Angeles Gladiators for more than 2 years which is considered a good enough retention period in the eSports industry. This is an indicator of the fact that the players were satisfied with the team's overall performance.
See also Dota 2: Six of the most popular Arcanas
The below image throws light on the active roster of the team which currently consists of eight players from four different countries.
The team is full of diversity as the players belong to different parts of the globe and carry along their experiences which can be the driving force that can lead it to a better future.
Los Angeles Gladiators underwent a large number of changes lately which can disrupt the balance and affect the overall performance. This can have adverse effects not only on the win-rate percentages but also on the morale of players.
Los Angeles Gladiators has a win rate percentage of 55.75% in the "Series" category. It has won 63 matches and lost 50.
In the "Games" category, Los Angeles Gladiators carries a win-rate percentage of 53.38%. The team has won 245 matches and lost 214.
Upcoming matches are vital for all teams as they can play a key role in determining the future of a team. The players of each franchise are also super excited to see their team participating in these matches.
The upcoming matches of Los Angeles Gladiators that are expected to take place in the next eight weeks are shown below for giving a better idea to interested spectators.
The overall extremely high win-rate percentages in both categories reflect that the team has performed exceptionally well in the past. This is also complemented by the team's earnings which are on the higher side when compared to the competitors.
Esports News, Overwatch League Los Angeles Gladiators, overwatch League, Overwatch Teams