text:
Ben Roethlisberger and the Future of Football
Is the NFL for cavemen, or against them?
This past summer, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell found himself facing a situation every authority figure dreads. His reputation hinged on how he handled a greasy-haired young man sitting in front of him, brandishing a smirk. The lug in question was Ben Roethlisberger, the Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback, who had been accused of rape for the second time in a year, in this instance by a 20-year-old college student in Georgia. Arming himself for the conversation, Goodell had talked to two dozen other players, including other Steelers. "Not one, not a single player, went to his defense," Goodell told Sports Illustrated. The vanity of the quarterback is that he is such a beloved leader that his teammates forgive even his transgressions. But, as Goodell made his way down the list of the Roethlisberger's peers, he must have begun to see the quarterback as an icon of a different sort, as professional football's Bigger Thomas.
Four months later, Roethlisberger is further down the commissioner's list of things to worry about—the league's collective bargaining agreement expires this spring and a lockout is looming; the owners are insisting that the physically brutal season be extended by two games; and evidence about the long-term consequences of brain injuries sustained on the playing field has been mounting, horribly—but it seems neatly appropriate that the season will end where it began: with the Steelers quarterback occupying center stage, this time in the Super Bowl. That's because each of the problems facing Goodell betrays the NFL's underlying conflict: Modernizing a brutal game means shedding the throwback elements that are often its biggest attraction. And, although Roethlisberger is far from the NFL's most important problem, he is in some ways its most emblematic one.
Roethlisberger's fundamental attribute, as a player, is that he is a quarterback who is built like a meat-processing plant. Modern passing offenses are intricately arranged entities: They require the quarterback to instantly assess the defense's shifting scheme, imagine where vulnerabilities might appear, and to tick through a series of probabilities before throwing the ball. Its masters, not usually physical specimens, are quarterback-horologists with quick-twitch minds, dads teetering on the edge of middle age: Peyton Manning, Tom Brady, Drew Brees, and the emerging Green Bay Packers star Aaron Rodgers.
Roethlisberger is the opposite of all that. He has one of the slowest releases in the league, so pedantic that you can just about see the ox-cart wheels of his mind turning. And yet, his immensity permits him to stand still behind his line—defenders struggling to bring him down—waiting long enough to heave the ball over everyone's head, to a streaking wide receiver. At his worst, Roethlisberger is capable of some astoundingly stupid throws. But he is also responsible for many of the crude thrills of the last few seasons, the elemental pleasure of a country-strong ball heaved so far and so true that not even the post-graduate complexities of contemporary defensive engineering can stop it.
One evening last March, this small-town icon was in a Milledgeville, Georgia, bar to celebrate his twenty-eighth birthday. He walked up to a young woman with whom he'd been flirting ("all my bitches, take some shots!") with his penis hanging out of his pants, according to the handwritten account she gave police later that night, and led her into a bar bathroom where he raped her. Her friends tried to get into the bathroom, but Roethlisberger's private security team barred the door. When she finally left, she went outside with her friends, searched for the first police car she could find, and told the officer she'd been raped. Charges were eventually dropped, after the victim declined to pursue the case, but the moral contours of the situation, from the court documents, seem as stark as those that condemned Mike Tyson—and sent him to prison.
What is particularly striking is that Roethlisberger—who is from Ohio and has lived his whole life in the Midwest, whose current contract is worth $102 million, who could have been in Dubai or South Beach, cavorting with supermodels—chose to celebrate his birthday in small-town Georgia. It is impossible, for instance, to imagine Brady, whose wife is the Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bündchen, appearing in Milledgeville except by contractual obligation. But these are the terms of Roethlisberger's throwback celebrity. He went where he would be adored.
The NFL has worked hard to preserve the sport's small town heritage, and to insulate its franchises against the market. Take this Sunday's matchup. Given modern economics, it is astounding that Green Bay even has a team. The city is the two hundred and sixty eighth largest city in the country, far from any major metropolitan area, smaller than Gresham, Oregon, Richardson, Texas, and West Covina, California. Roethlisberger's Steelers are football's version of the Yankees, but only in a controlled market could they manage this position: In baseball's less protected market, the Pittsburgh team has lost more games than it has won every year since 1992; the city is simply too small to sponsor a competitive team. This position has won the league acclaim and loyalty: The Packers and the Steelers have two of the league's largest fan bases.
But other anachronisms from football's past have proved more difficult to update. There is the nostalgia for violence, and the suggestion from commentators that to make the game safer is to choke its soul. And there is the boorish entitlement of throwback heroes like Brett Favre and Roethlisberger, who still imagine they have the run of the town.
Earlier this fall, I found that I could not get the theme song from an NFL Network commercial out of my head. I went to iTunes to download it, imagining the performers to be a brother-sister cohort from some obscure branch of the Carter-Cash family tree, ably marshaled by T-Bone Burnett. But the song turned out to be by an unimpeachably stoned bearded hipster and dectet from West Hollywood called Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros (possibly a nonet: I couldn't spot the guy with the banjo in all their performances). No wonder I'd liked the song so much. Any authenticity was buried, Princess and the Pea-like, beneath piled-up layers of irony and remove. And, though Brady and Manning are stars, and their own brand of football has its adherents, the NFL knows very well what it is selling (a sentimental feeling about small-town life), and to whom (people like me). It is winking at itself, just subtly enough that its fans can enjoy the joke.
Because I am genuinely a fan, because I understand that the clockwork of modern football is most gorgeous as counterpoint to the caveman attributes of players like Ray Lewis (the violent, brilliant Ravens linebacker, headed for the Hall of Fame, who once beat a murder charge) or Roethlisberger, I don't envy Goodell his position. But the looming problem of player concussions means the league can no longer be content with its half-way modernization—its four-game suspensions for accused rape, its insistence that players play two more games a year even as the devastating health risks of each incremental collision are looming into view. Goodell will soon have to choose, whether his league is for the cavemen or against them. And so, if the Steelers win on Sunday, and Goodell has to hand Roethlisberger his third Super Bowl trophy, I will be watching the commissioner's face, to see whether he greets his champion with a wink or with a wince.
Benjamin Wallace-Wells is a contributing writer at The New York Times Magazine, a contributing editor at Rolling Stone, and a Schwartz fellow at The New America Foundation.
Ben Roethlisberger, Peyton Manning, Roger Goodell, Georgia, Tom Brady, Green Bay Packers, National Football League, Pittsburgh Steelers, NFL, the NFL, the Super Bowl


Our killer vintage 1970s pale grey string coat is the perfect spring-weight alternative to fur! Similar in look to Mongolian / Tibetan lamb, these string coats are so highly sought after that we can't ever keep them in stock. We've had a few string coats over the years but never a maxi version OR this lovely pale grey color. Single hidden snap closure with hidden inner ties at the waist. Lightweight shaggy cotton.


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December 12, 2017 / 2:52 AM / 2 years ago
South Korea's Moon, China's Xi to talk North Korea, trade in Beijing summit
Christine Kim, Ben Blanchard
SEOUL/BEIJING (Reuters) - Curbing North Korea's nuclear ambitions will top South Korean President Moon Jae-in's agenda in Beijing during a visit this week aimed at breaking the ice after a furious row over Seoul's deployment of a U.S. anti-missile system.
South Korean President Moon Jae-in presides over the national security council at the Presidential Blue House in Seoul, South Korea, November 29, 2017. The Presidential Blue House/Yonhap via REUTERS
While both South Korea and China share the goal of getting North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons and stop testing increasingly sophisticated long-range missiles, the two have not seen eye-to-eye on how to achieve this.
China has been particularly angered at the deployment of U.S.-made Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) anti-missile system in South Korea, saying its powerful radar can see far into China and will do nothing to ease tension with North Korea.
At his third meeting this year with Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday in Beijing, Moon is expected to reaffirm South Korea's agreement with China in late October that they would normalise exchanges and move past the dispute over THAAD, which froze trade and business exchanges between the two.
The THAAD disagreement had dented South Korea's economic growth, especially its tourism industry, as group tours from China came to a halt while charter flights from South Korea were cancelled.
While China still objects to THAAD, it has said it understands South Korea's decision to deploy it.
In an interview with Chinese state television shown late on Monday, Moon said THAAD's presence was inevitable due to the looming North Korean threat but assured it would not be used against China.
"South Korea will be extremely careful from here on out that the THAAD system is not invasive of China's security. South Korea has received promises from the United States multiple times regarding this," Moon said.
Joint efforts by China and South Korea could have "good results" if they work together to bring North Korea to the negotiating table, he added.
North Korea has shown little sign it wants to engage in formal talks, with its state media citing leader Kim Jong Un as saying on Tuesday North Korea should develop and manufacture more diverse weapons to "completely overpower the enemy".
Kim was addressing a rare munitions conference on Monday to laud the North's latest intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).
North Korea last month test-launched what it called its most advanced ICBM in defiance of international sanctions and condemnation as it presses on with its mission to create a nuclear-tipped missile that can hit the United States.
Speaking over the weekend, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said Moon had chosen to have "friendly cooperation" with China, and China was willing to work with South Korea to bring peace and stability to the Korean peninsula.
During his first visit to China since taking office in May this year, Moon is expected to get bilateral economic exchanges back on track. According to South Korean media, Moon will be accompanied by the biggest business entourage ever with more than 220 businesses taking part in the four-day visit.
Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore, Robert Birsel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This project source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license, which has no restriction except for attribution, and allows proprietary modifications and proprietary forks of this project. The project documentation is licensed under the Creative Commons license. You can use or modify PySec however you want, even include it in commercial products.
White-box analysis, structural and functional analysis of python applications and open source code.
Black-box analysis, identify and address security-related issues that can affect the interpreter.
Full details on project roadmap can be found in package documentation.


Michael was one smart little Texan. At 12, he earned his first $1000 selling stamps. In high school he made $18,000 in one year selling newspaper subscriptions. And at 15, he bought his first computer—an Apple II—not to, you know, use it, but to disassemble it and examine its inner workings.
So it wasn't a surprise when during his freshman year at college, Michael started a company from his dorm room, souping up computers and selling them on. It was 1984 and he called it PCs Limited. Despite investing only $1000, this side-hustle made him $180,000 in its first month! Why even stay in college?
He dropped out and with $300,000 from mom and dad, he raked in an incredible $6 million in one year. It was time to build his own computer system: the Turbo PC. He changed his company's name to Dell Computer Corporation and went public, raising $30 million in its IPO. By 1992, 27-year-old Michael was the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company.
Next came dell(dot)com ($1 million per day!) and offices in 34 countries. They were doing quite well… until allegations of faulty machines, a share slump and $100 million in fraud charges. Ouch.
In 2013, Dell was sold to Microsoft, Silver Lake and Michael Dell himself for $24 billion. The legendary Texan, now 53, retained the largest share and continues to run the company. Dell yeah!
While we've all had childhood passions, so few of us actually pursue them. Have you ever imagined what your life would be like today if you had pursued your childhood passion?
Facts as told on Businessideaslab, Wikipedia, Business Insider, Inc and Entrepreneur.
Picture: By Oracle PR from Redwood Shores, Calif., USA (Michael DellUploaded by Schreibvieh) [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons.


text:
The Battle of Britain Memorial
Battle of Britain Memorial, New Dover Road, Folkestone, United Kingdom
The Battle of Britain Memorial stands on Kent's famous White Cliffs, a tribute to the men who fought one of the most famous battles of the 20th century. A replica Spitfire and Hurricane, memorial wall, cafe, gift shop and interactive visitor centre combine to create a moving yet exciting day.
Pedestrian access is available at all times
Wing/Car park opening times – 1st October to end February, 10am to 4pm
1st March to end September, 10am to 5pm
(last entrance to the Scramble Experience and cafe purchase 30 mins before closing time)
The site is fully accessible, with step free-access across the whole site, including The Wing, which has a lift to the first floor cafe.
There are five clearly marked Blue Badge parking spaces, of which three are approximately 10m from the entrance to The Wing and two allow more direct access to the external attractions.
There is a unisex, fully accessible toilet meeting current guidelines.
See a full accessibility statement.
Contact this attraction
Member: Bronze member
ATAK Trade Pass Accepted


Medium (2" - 3" & Thin) - 1pc.
XL (4" - 5" & Thin) - 1pc.
Lemurian Clear Quartz Points "Extra/A" (Arkansas) - These are beautiful Clear Quartz crystal points from Arkansas. Although they are not traditional Lemurians, they have the distinct Lemurian appearance of horizontal striations or grooves on one or more sides. Commonly, the sides of a Lemurian Crystal will have alternating striated and smooth faces. The faces at the tip of a Lemurian Crystal are small, and often a Lemurian will gently taper in size from base to tip.
Note: These are "Extra" Grade quality but have been down graded to "A" Grade due to slight chipping.
Also called "Lemurian Seed Crystals," Lemurian Quartz Crystals were originally found in Brazil but are now found in several locations around the world. Although some purists may dispute whether they are traditional Lemurians, we have found these crystals to be especially "wise" and already pre-programmed with Lemurian-like wisdom for the purpose of spiritual progression.
Metaphysical legend states that there was once an advanced ancient civilization called Lemuria, similar to Atlantis but more spiritually developed and peaceful. As their time on Earth was coming to a close, the Lemurians programmed these crystals to teach their messages of oneness and healing - messages that would be revealed when the energy on Earth was ready to receive them. The Lemurians then planted (or "seeded") the Lemurian Crystals, encoded with their ancient knowledge and wisdom, to be found centuries later by us.
The legend continues to state that Lemurain Seed Crystals are planted in a grid pattern over the surface of the Earth and beyond, to other stars and dimensions. When you connect to a Lemurian Crystal and the energy it contains, you are also connecting to this grid of associated energies from the Earth, the stars, and beyond.
Lemurian Crystals have a distinct appearance. Look carefully at a Lemurian Crystal and you will see horizontal striations or grooves, like "bar codes," on one or more sides. Commonly, the sides of a Lemurian Crystal will have alternating striated and smooth faces. The faces at the tip of a Lemurian Crystal are small, and often a Lemurian will gently taper in size from base to tip.
As opposed to quartz that you program, Lemurian quartz is quartz that you activate. As you meditate, rub your finger along the "bar codes" on the side of a Lemurian Quartz Crystal to activate and download Lemurian knowledge and connect to the Lemurian energy grid. Lemurian Quartz Crystals teach oneness, reminding us that while we are all individuals, we are also connected to each other, and that we are all equal in Spirit. Lemurian Quartz Crystals help us maintain our connection to Spirit, aiding spiritual evolution, and have been used successfully in dream work.


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Q: Basic Question: How to allow users in the same workspace to install my app? I have a small app up and running for myself. It's an app homepage with buttons that shoot requests out to our hosted app, which returns modal payloads. It works perfectly for me.
When I began development I had to ask that the app be installed by our admin.
When other users in the same workspace attempt to install it they're greeted with "This is still a work in progress" instead of the app homepage.
I don't wish to distribute the app beyond my current workspace so I don't think I need to implement the o-auth flow. Any hints? I'm sure I'm missing something small.

A: The issue was that I was using a Home surface. To use app home surface you have to display it for each individual user, not a single time for the app, as I suspected.
When the user clicks on the app home page, it triggers an event that sends a payload to the URL you specify in the app's event subscription settings. You have to respond to slack api's /views.publish endpoint with a payload that defines the home appearance for that particular user. The user id is in the initial request payload.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Der Röttenbacher Wald ist ein zusammenhängendes Waldgebiet in Mittelfranken in den Gemeindegebieten des Marktes Pleinfeld im Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen und von Röttenbach im Landkreis Roth. Der Wald war bis zur Gemeindegebietsreform in Bayern ein Gemeindefreies Gebiet.

Teile des Waldes befinden sich in einem FFH-Gebiet, einem Landschaftsschutzgebiet und einem Vogelschutzgebiet. Das Waldgebiet befindet sich nordöstlich von Pleinfeld, zwischen dem namensgebenden Ort Röttenbach im Nordwesten und Heideck im Osten. Der Wald wird im Westen von der Bundesstraße 2 begrenzt. Durch das Waldgebiet verlaufen einige Wander- und Radwanderwege.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Lage des Röttenbacher Waldes im

Waldgebiet im Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen
Geographie (Pleinfeld)
Geographie (Landkreis Roth)
Röttenbach (Landkreis Roth)
FFH-Gebiet im Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Free Library > Business and Industry > Business > Modern Brewery Age > February 17, 2003
The Free Library > Business and Industry > Food and beverage industries > Modern Brewery Age > February 17, 2003
The Free Library > Date > 2003 > February > 17 > Modern Brewery Age
Calendar.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Calendar.-a098351205
MLA style: "Calendar.." The Free Library. 2003 Business Journals, Inc. 17 Jan. 2021 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Calendar.-a098351205
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. Calendar.." Retrieved Jan 17 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Calendar.-a098351205
APA style: Calendar.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 17 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Calendar.-a098351205
BREWERS EVENTS
Send updates by fax (203) 852-8175 or via e-mail to Pete@breweryate.com
February 2, 2003--APR Recycling Seminar; Hilton in the Walt Disney World Resort; Orlando, FL; Assoc. of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers and Schotland Business Research; Contact: Robin Geary, Tel: +1 (609) 466-9191.
February 3-4, 2003--NOVA-PACK AMERICAS 2003, International Conference on Polyester Containers for Food & Beverages; Hilton in the Walt Disney World Resort, Orlando, FL. Contact Robin Geary, Tel: +1 (609) 466-9191,
March 2-14, 2003--Master Brewers Association of the Americas Packaging Course. Contact MBAA, tel: 651-454-7250.
March 17-18, 2003--ASEPTIPAK 2003, 1st Global Forum on Aseptic Processing, Filling & Packaging; Hilton in the Walt Disney World Resort; Orlando, Florida, USA; Contact Robin Geary, Tel: +1 (609) 466-9191.
March 30-April 2, 2003--NBWA Brewers Joint Legislative Conference. Washington, D.C.
April 19,2003 - The 7th Annual Boonville Beer Festival - contact Fal Allen, fallen@avbc.com.
May 7-10, 2003--National Craft-Brewers Conference and BrewExpo trade show. Radisson Hotel on Canal, New Orleans LA. For information, contact Nancy Johnson at nancy@aob.org.
May 18-22, 2003--EBC. Dublin, Ireland. Contact via e-mail at secretariat@ebc-nl.com.
October 4-8, 2003--Master Brewers Association of the Americas 116th Annual Convention, Milwaukee, WI.
September 25-27,2003- Great American Beer Festival, Convention Center, Denver, CO.
WHOLESALER EVENTS
April 9 - 13, 2003--New York State Beer Wholesalers Association spring meeting. Ritz-Carlton Golf Resort, Naples, Florida.
May 1-5--Four State Spring Conference (Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey). Held at the Marriot Frenchman's Reef Morningstar Beach Resort. St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. For information, contact 609-585-5900.
June 24-June 27, 2003-Virginia Beer & Wine Wholesalers' Associations Thirteenth Annual Joint Convention Ramada Plaza Resort, Virginia Beach, VA.
July 20-23, 2003--Mississippi Malt Beverage Association's 57th Annual Convention, Perdido Beach Resort, Orange Beach, Alabama.
COPYRIGHT 2003 Business Journals, Inc.
Modern Brewery Age
00WOR
Priest turns washing machine into brew kettle.
Give'em Hales Ales.
Conferences, meetings and seminars
Brewing industry
September.


For the most up to date Summerlin Homes for sale search here. Summerlin has home options for most budgets. If your searching for something specific, contact us today to set up your custom home search.
Not sure where you want to live? Check out our interactive zip code map of the Las Vegas Valley.


The judges said "Fletcher's sensitive and insightful biography of this remarkable woman deserves the highest accolade in this year's VCHA".
Jean Galbraith: Writer in a Valley is the compelling story of Jean Galbraith (1906–1999), one of Australia's most influential botanists and writers on nature, plants and gardens. As a garden writer, she was particularly notable for spreading knowledge of Australian flora and encouraging the cultivation of natives in home gardens. As a botanist she wrote accessible field guides to Australian wildflowers that made a vital contribution to the conservation of native plants. She conveyed the wonders of nature to generations of children through her child-centred stories of adventures in the natural world. Her nature writing evoked the spirit of places she knew well and introduced readers to the beauty of the Australian bush. During a writing career that began in the mid-1920s and spanned seventy years, Galbraith developed new forms of garden writing in Australia and turned botanical writing into a literary art.
This book also explores the relationship between a writer and her place. From her home in Gippsland, inspired by her surroundings, Galbraith put her vision of nature into words and helped Australians of all ages to see their own landscapes in new ways.
Meredith Fletcher is a historian specialising in environmental, local and community history. For twenty years she was director of the Centre for Gippsland Studies at Monash University Gippsland Campus, and is now an adjunct research fellow at the School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University. Her book, Digging People Up For Coal: a History of Yallourn was short-listed for the NSW Premier's History Awards.


The power set of a set is the set of all subsets of a set, including empty set and itself. It is commonly denoted as P(S). A simple online algebra calculator to calculate the number of subsets (powersets) in a set with ease.
Powersets: The power set is the set of all subsets of a given set. A set with n elements will have 2n subsets. The subset (or powerset) of any set S is written as P(S), P(S), P(S),P(S) or 2S. The power set must be larger than the original set and is closely related to the binomial theorem. The number of subsets with k elements in the power set of a set with n elements is given by the number of combinations, C(n, k), also called binomial coefficients.
Number of Subsets Calculator: Just enter the values for a set separated by a comma in this algebra calculator and you could calculate the number of subsets (powersets) in a set within the fractions of seconds.


text:
George Messo
George Messo is a poet, translator, and editor. His books include From the Pine Observatory (2000), Entrances (2006), and Hearing Still (forthcoming, 2009). He has written two books in Turkish: Aradaki Ses (The In-between Voice, 2005) and Avrupa'nın Küçük Tanrıları (The Little Gods of Europe, 2007). His translations include İlhan Berk's Leaf about to Fall: Selected Poems (Salt, 2006) which was shortlisted for the Popescu European Translation Prize, Madrigals (Shearsman, 2008), Berk's epic poetic trilogy The Book of Things (forthcoming, Salt 2008), and the anthology İkinci Yeni: The Turkish Avant-Garde (Shearsman, 2009). He is the former editor of Near East Review.
George Messo's work


When You speak in sovereign tongue?
When decretive will is done?
That Your might cannot devour?
When You choose to give it breath?
But remain as dirt and death?
When he came to take our place?
Which earns forgiveness and grace?
Creation, God's Power, Hymn, Lyrics, Poetry, Sovereignty of God, What can separate us?


text:
6 Market Predictors for 2014
Auto Focus • March 26, 2014 • by Chris Brown
The conference calls for the public car rental companies, Avis Budget Group and Hertz, are always good places to mine nuggets of what the future holds in car rental. Of course it's not a complete picture, because the biggest player, Enterprise Holdings, is a private company.
Here's an analysis of Avis and Hertz's statements from their fourth quarter and full-year 2013 results.
1. Why was Hertz over fleeted, and what's the fallout?
Hertz said its over-fleeting situation in the third and fourth quarters of 2013 was caused in part by integration issues with Dollar Thrifty, combined with weaker-than-expected demand in July and August as well as the government sequestration in September and October. Hertz said it decided to rent the excess fleet rather than sell those units into the seasonally weak used car market. Hertz went so far as to say the over fleeting caused it to miss its earnings guidance for last year.
That surplus fleet had an industrywide effect on car rental pricing in the fourth quarter.
Overall, Avis reported flat pricing year over year in the fourth quarter in North America, with leisure holding steady but commercial pricing declining slightly. As mentioned in previous quarters, Avis is looking to shift its commercial business mix to mid-market and small businesses, which have higher revenues per day.
Hertz said pricing was down 1.4% in the U.S. overall in the fourth quarter, though the "Hertz Classic Brand" (that's what they're calling it now) held its own on airport.
Was this over fleeting a perfect storm that caught Hertz by surprise? We can only assume so. Regardless, Hertz says it is right fleeted today, and that rental demand is greater than its fleet capacity.
2. How does pricing look moving forward?
Hertz also attributed the recent unfavorable pricing to its new discount segments Dollar Thrifty and also its deep-discount startup Firefly, which now has 22 airport locations in leisure markets. This mix shift — along with growth in insurance replacements — would dampen prices but create better margins due to lower costs.
According to both companies, pricing in the first months of 2014 is faring much better, though Easter's shift from March to April will skew the numbers in April's favor.
Though both companies expect better pricing this year, Hertz isn't baking a price increase into its 2014 forecast, perhaps being overcautious in relation to what transpired in the fourth quarter.
3. What factors will keep pricing afloat?
Better pricing will come as a result of a few factors, and the first isn't fun: fleet costs are going up (more on that later), and when they do, it naturally forces price increases.
Second, as Hertz completes the Dollar Thrifty integration, Hertz expects to take cars out of the market, which should drive utilization increases and pricing. In fact, Hertz expects to be back in the 80%-plus utilization range later this year.
The third factor is process improvement initiatives.
Hertz rules over four brands now: "Hertz Classic," Dollar, Thrifty and Firefly. Hertz said it has only just begun to optimize its price structure across all four brands, made possible by a new counter pricing optimization system.
On its call, Avis mentioned a new "fleet optimization system," as well, which is designed to help make better decisions on vehicle hold periods, the timing of fleet purchases and disposals and putting the right car in the right place at the right time — all this, it is hoped, will raise prices.
Lastly, volume looks good across the board, which should bode well for prices, too.
4. What happened to the synergies from the various company integrations?
These last two years in car rental saw unprecedented consolidation, with Hertz buying Dollar Thrifty and Avis buying Zipcar and Payless. The benefits have taken some time to manifest, however.
Avis reiterated that it expects $50 to $70 million in synergies through the Zipcar integration. Zipcar is now available at 28 airport locations in North America and Europe, and Zipcars are available at 50 Avis and Budget urban locations. Avis has begun to offer Zipcars to Avis and Budget commercial customers. One-way rentals are on the way.
Avis says Zipcar has started to share "hundreds of cars" in several cities with traditional Avis and Budget rental operations. Those synergies will be realized by the end of 2015, Avis says. Avis reportedly lowered Zipcar's depreciation, insurance, interest, maintenance and overhead costs.
However, Avis reported total revenue for Zipcar of $246 million for 2013. Membership grew 11% to 863,000 at year's end. Using easy math, this calculates to about $285 per member per year. I checked Zipcar's revenue for 2012, and it doesn't compare favorably. With revenues of $278 million on 777,000 members, revenue per member was $316.
Maybe Avis was successful in lowering Zipcar's cost structure, but this integration hasn't yet paid off when it comes to revenue per member.
On the Payless front, Avis said it is beginning to "cascade" cars from the fleets of Avis and Budget to Payless. In fact, Avis plans to have all of Payless' fleet to be former Avis and Budget cars by the end of 2014.
On the Avis call, an investor asked if the company would consider a new acquisition. Avis Chief Executive Officer Ron Nelson responded that the company would consider a "tuck-in" acquisition in the $30 million to $40 million range, but nothing that would consume more than $125 million of yearly cash flow.
That statement would tell you that Avis is standing pat for now with any acquisition of the large independents remaining.
Of course, Hertz made news not with an integration but a separation, with its announcement regarding its intention to divest of its equipment rental unit HERC.
5. What does the used car market look like in 2014?
The used car market has deflated from its historical highs of 2011 and 2012, and car rental companies have calculated this into higher fleet costs. Both Hertz and Avis are counting on declines in residual values of 2% for 2014.
Nonetheless, the used car market looks relatively stable this year, at least so far.
Avis said the used car market has been solid in the first two months of the year, tracking similarly to a positive Manheim Index. Hertz also reported "market conditions which we believe have been favorable compared to our expectations," and better than Black Book said the market would perform.
Both companies are continuing to work on improving the process and method of car sales.
Avis said its direct-to-dealer AutoNation initiative nets $300 to $400 more per unit than if sold at a traditional auction. By shrinking the time to sale, Avis is primarily saving in fees and interest. Avis admits this is less than 10% of its risk car sales volume, or about 15,000 to 20,000 cars a year at this point.
Hertz is growing its retail sales lots. It had about 35 lots open in 2013 and expects to grow that to 125 by the end of 2014. Hertz's numbers are similarly small. In 2013, Hertz sold 27,000 units — about 15% of sales volume — through its retail lots and also through its online direct-to-consumer channel, Rent2Buy. Hertz hopes to increase the non-auction channels to 30% in 2014.
6. How high will fleet costs go?
For 2013, Avis reported average fleet costs of $299 per month, a whopping 25% increase over 2012. It just goes to show what a great used car market it was two years ago. Avis expects fleet costs in 2014 to be $300 to $310 per unit in North America, mostly due to declines on prices of used vehicles.
Hertz expects its monthly fleet costs to be $260 per unit, driven by the same 2% decline in residual values that Avis predicted.
Avis and Hertz say fleet cost comparisons will be the least favorable in the first quarter, improving through the year. In Hertz's case, fleet costs will improve with its expected increased utilization and its fleet-sharing initiatives and the implementation of its price optimization bearing fruit.
Though mitigated by fleet cost increases, the good news is that both Avis and Hertz expect rental car revenues to increase in 2014 by 4% to 8% based on higher rental volume and slightly better pricing.
Originally posted on Business Fleet
Chris Brown is the executive editor of Business Fleet, Auto Rental News and Fleet Forward. Through these publications and related trade events, Chris covers all aspects of the fleet world, including fleet management, the new mobility ecosystem, manufacturer fleet activities, the fleet leasing industry, vehicle remarketing, and rental industry news.
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BUDGET AUTHORIZATION
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT SHORE ACTIVITIES
Aviation Storekeeper 1 & C - Aviation theories and other practices
Expenses for their assigned ships, squadrons, and other units APPROPRIATIONS The different types of appropriations are described in the following paragraphs. ANNUAL APPROPRIATION The annual appropriation is generally made for the current operating and maintenance expenses of the DON. It becomes available at the beginning of the fiscal year as designated by the appropriation act. These appropriations are available for payment of obligations incurred only during that fiscal year; however, they are available for payment of such obligations for 2 years thereafter. When the appropriation expires for obligations at the end of a fiscal year, the unobligated balance is transferred to the surplus of the Treasury. At the end of 2 years of availability y, the balance remaining, representing unliquidated obligations less reimbursements that are to be collected, is transferred to the successor account. CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS A continuing appropriation is an appropriation that remains available until exhausted or until the purpose for which it is made has been accomplished. When the purpose of the continuing appropriation is accomplished, the amount equal to the total of unliquidated obligations, less the total of reimbursements to be collected, is transferred to the successor account. The remaining unobligated balance is transferred to the surplus of the Treasury. MULTIPLE-YEAR APPROPRIATIONS This appropriation is generally made for the oprating and maintenance expenses of the DON. It becomes available for obligations and expenditures at the beginning of the fiscal year designated in the appropriations act unless otherwise stated in the act. It is available for payment of obligations incurred only during the fiscal years specified in the act. However, it is available for payment of such obligations for 2 years thereafter. These 2 years maybe extended by Congress. At the end of the last fiscal year included in the appropriation, when the appropriation expires for obligation purposes, the unobligated balance is transferred to the surplus of the Treasury. At the end of the 2-year period of availability, the balance remaining (unliquidated obligations less reimbursements to be collected) in the account is transferred to the successor account. TRANSACTIONS All expenditures must have the authorization to be expended from available funds. Transactions develop through stages of reservation, commitment, obligation, and expenditure. RESERVATION A reservation is an administrative action that identifies funds set aside for planning purposes before establishing a commitment. Reservations are not maintained as part of official records. However, if a record is maintained, it is included in the minimum unofficial records of the holder of authorization or OPTAR. COMMITMENT A commitment is a firm reservation of funds based upon firm procurement directives, orders, requisitions, or an authorization to create obligations. OBLIGATION An obligation is incurred when an order is placed, a contract is awarded, a service is received, or a requisition is posted against the appropriation. EXPENDITURE An expenditure is the use of funds to cover obligations. Expenditures must be charged to the appropriate funds only. A fund is properly chargeable with all expenditures necessary to accomplish the purpose for which it is established. For example, the appendices of NAVSO P-3013-2 list the fund codes that need to be used for each specific material or services. ACCOUNTING SYMBOLS The charges and credits to appropriations and funds are reported to the Comptroller of the Navy. The report is used to update the status of the appropriation and fund. Symbols are used to identify charges and credits to appropriations instead of using titles. The appropriation symbol is used in preparing documents for contracts, Material Inspection and Receiving Report, DD Form 250, and Requisition and Invoice/Shipping Document, DD Form 1149. The 6-5


Get me out of here! LOL They are very sweet.
They love the stroller, and love being the center of attention, but not thrilled with being picked up. All had a good time anyway.
Many a Jewish parent has had to explain to their kid why they don't do Christmas trees. I guess I was just projecting my angst, LOL. They do get eight days of treats and toy however.
Their expressions are simply priceless! What a good sport Santa is, too. It can't be easy to keep such curious little creatures in check and on lap!
Their commentary made me giggle!


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BoardBookit is pleased to announce that it has received both the 2017 Rising Star Award and the Great User Experience Certificate provided by FinancesOnline for its dedication to creating real boardbook solutions.
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Terrorism – Is It Covered by Travel Insurance?
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Medical coverage should be an integral part of any travel insurance plan whether you buy coverage from a tour operator, cruise line, travel agent or a travel insurance comparison web site. It can be a life line to help defray medical costs while traveling. Medical costs, which in many cases either isn't covered by at home medical plans due to territorial limitations or their benefits are scaled back because treatment is "outside of network".
You are currently browsing the QuoteWright Travel Insurance News weblog archives for January, 2014.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
training and resources for building just communities
Racism and Racial Justice
Sexism and Gender Justice
Heterosexism / Homophobia / Transphobia
Ableism and Accessibility
Context and Need
Principles and Practice
Working Assumptions
About Our Resources
Detour-Spotting
Cage of Oppression
Internalized Sexism Inventory
Internalized Racism Inventory
The Habit of Freedom
The Lie of Entitlement
Diagram of Sex and Gender
Building a Case
Booking a Training or Keynote
Logistics and Accessibility
Costs and Securing Funding
Your Planning Questions
for white anti-racists
jona olsson
For white people living in North America learning to be anti-racist is a re-education process. I must unlearn the thorough racist conditioning to re-educate and re-condition myself as an anti-racist. I need knowledge, guidance and experience to avoid the detours and traps waiting for me on this journey.
There is little social or political encouragement for this journey of re-education. We are constantly tempted to change course by the racist propaganda of society and our own guilt and denial. In the face of society's and our own resistance, sustaining the will to continue this journey takes bold and stubborn effort.
This journey sends us into unfamiliar territory; we have never been here before. No white person has ever lived in a non-racist North America.) None of us has ever been taught the skills of anti-racist living. Indeed, we have been carefully taught the opposite: how to maintain our white privilege. Racism, the system (of oppression) and advantage (for white people) depends on the collusion and cooperation of white people for its perpetuation.
Most of us first became aware of racial prejudice and injustice as children. As white infants we were fed a pabulum of propaganda. That early "training" was comprehensive and left little room for question, challenge or doubt. Our childhood games, rhymes and media conspired: "Eenie, meenie, minie, mo; Catch a n . . . r by his toe…" We played cowboys and Indians. All of us knew the Indians were bad and had to die. My WWII generation watched "Bugs Bunny" outwit evil Japanese cartoon villains.
As Lillian Smith acknowledged:
"From the day I was born, I began to learn my lessons… we learned the dance that cripples the human spirit, step by step, we who were white and we who were colored… These ceremonials in honor of white supremacy, performed from babyhood, slip from the conscious mind down deep into muscles and glands and become difficult to tear out." (1)
Our generous child wisdom told us racism was wrong, but there was no escape from the daily catechism of racist teaching. We did not choose to learn those lessons. We resisted the lies, the deceit and the injustice of racism, but we did not have to skills to counter the poisonous messages. We could not resist forever. Our conditioning filled us with fear, suspicion and stereotypes that substituted for true knowing of people of color. We internalized our beliefs about people of color, ourselves, other white people and about being white. Those internalized attitudes became actualized into racist behavior.
Seeking to disguise the realities of racism, lies from history are re-conditioned and regurgitated to conform to contemporary language, images, norms, communication and learning styles. From the Negro slave rapist (played by a white actor) who drives the helpless white woman to her death in "Birth of A Nation," to Presidential candidate, George Bush's Willie Horton scare tactics – the stereotypes have changed little. The packaging is re-configured by political, military, economic moguls who seek the power and profit in fear.
It is this legacy of a racist society that people of conscience struggle to transform. Our anti-racist journey propels us toward a future when this legacy will no longer be inherited by another generation. We journey on unmapped roads, encountering obstacles. We are tempted by short-cuts; take wrong turns and detours that waste our time and drain
Most of the detours or obstacles facing us, as anti-racists, are previously learned attitudes and habitual behaviors birthed in those attitudes. Experience identifying and breaking harmful habits in other arenas of my life has helped me on my justice-seeking journey.
A few years ago a good friend evaluated a white privilege workshop I facilitated. At the end of her comments, she added, "You really should stop hitting your head when you say something you wish you hadn't." I immediately countered in my own defense, "I do NOT hit myself." Righteously, I thought, a good feminist like myself would not commit such an act of internalized sexism, low self-esteem and intolerance for mistakes. I dismissed the whole notion as an aberration in an otherwise astute and thoughtful critique.
A week later during another workshop I noticed that I hit my forehead, just as I realized I had said something inappropriate. My shock of recognition was quickly assuaged by my thought, "Well, I'm sure that's the first time I've ever done that!"
The next week, next workshop… You have moved ahead in this scenario, I'm sure. It has taken two years of attention to remove this behavior, I think, from my repertoire. It required passing through several stages. First, I had to become aware that I did hit myself. Then I had to acknowledge that it was a fairly regular behavior that had roots in my attitudes about myself and my mistakes. Next I had to pay intentional attention to it. For a while I was aware just AFTER I hit my head. Later, I was aware AS I was doing it. Eventually, I caught the initiating arm movement and could stop mid-trajectory. I had to deliberately scrutinize my internalized attitudes. Have I stopped this behavior from reasserting itself? In stressful moments, still, I may catch a flicker of movement. Clearly, I have more work to do.
As I continue my journey toward becoming a re-conditioned and effective anti-racist, I have become aware of "habits," attitudes and their attached behaviors, which divert me from my intended goal. As I encounter each trap or detour, precisely the same stages mentioned above in the hit-the-head scenario, make the process of change possible for me. I must first be fully conscious of what I'm doing, the behavior and its consequences. Next I need to reflect on the behavior and its attitudinal roots. Finally, I determine the change I want to make and the best strategy for achieving it. Sometimes I need to remove the behavior from my personal repertoire. More often though, re-tooling will be necessary to replace the discarded pattern with new behaviors. It will likely take repeated attempts before I have fully internalized and externalized the prescribed change.
My head-hitting behavior has its origins in my own internalized sexism, part of the insidious experience as a female and lifelong target of sexism. I was conditioned as female to believe much of the sexist mythology and lies about myself and other women. Part of my over-compensation for the internalized lie that women aren't as smart as men was /is an absolute in acceptance of my mistakes. As a woman, a target of sexism, I continue to struggle against not just sexism, but against the internalized messages and my own mis-directions and over-compensations.
As a white person, an anti-racist, I am required now to cross the line that separates my experience as target (women) to my place of privilege (white.) Here I must uncover what I have internalized about people of color, myself, other white people and being white. Then I have to identify how those internalized attitudes have been actualized into racist behavior. Like with the head-hitting, it is the behavior that signals the problem area. The behaviors will vary for each white person. I recognize that no two white people share exactly the same experiences and societal moldings. We learned racism in our unique and personal ways from different teachers and at different times. But we all learned the lessons well.
I have observed in myself and other white people of conscience, patterns of guilt, denial and defensiveness that appear regularly in our interactions with people of color and other white people. Below is an examination of several attitudes or behaviors that detour us from our anti-racist journey of re-education. Each one will be formatted in this way:
Attitudes or behaviors that indicate a detour or wrong turn into white guilt, denial or defensiveness.
[A Note: Some statements, at first reading, may seem too obviously racist to be included here. I have found that even as I identify myself as an anti-racist, if I search deeply and honestly enough I still harbor attitudes on some level of consciousness, that sound very much like these. I am also painfully aware that earlier in my life I thought and said these things. That recognition of evolution may help me be an ally to another white person on her or his own anti-racist journey.]
Reality Check and Consequence
A clarification of the underlying meaning and consequence of this behavior pattern.
[A note about consequences: There are always consequences to our actions or inactions. Since our intentions have little or no bearing on these consequences, our unintentional racist behaviors will often have the same consequences as the intentional racism of a confirmed bigot. This is a tough lesson for white people of conscious. If we are doing our best, have good intentions, then we want everything to be made better. We, at least, want to feel better for the attempt. We want others, especially people of color, to appreciate what we've done. This is another trap for white anti-racists.]
1) I'm Colorblind
"People are just people; I don't see color; we're all just human." or "I don't think of you as Chinese." or "We all bleed red when we're cut." or "Character, not color, is what counts with me."
Statements like these assume that people of color are just like me, white; that they have the same dreams, standards, problems, peeves that I do. "Colorblindness" negates the cultural values, norms, expectations and life experiences of people of color, and most importantly, their experience as a target of racism. Even if an individual white person could ignore a person's color, the society does not. By saying we are not different, that we don't see their color, we are also saying we don't see my white-ness. This denies their experience of racism and our experience of privilege.
"I'm colorblind" can also be a defense when afraid to discuss racism, especially if one assumes all conversation about race or color is racist. Speaking of another person's color or culture is not necessarily racist or offensive. As one of my African American friends says, "I don't mind that you notice I'm Black." Color consciousness does not equal racism.
2) The Rugged Individual, the Level Playing Field and the Bootstrap Theory
"America is the land of opportunity, built by rugged individuals, where anyone with grit can succeed if they just pull up hard enough on their bootstraps."
These are three of the crown jewels of U. S. social propaganda. They have allowed generation after generation to say, "If you succeed, you did that, but if you fail, or if you're poor, that's your fault." Belief in this propaganda is founded in a total denial of the impact of either oppression or privilege on any person's chance for success.
Attacks on programs like affirmative action find rationalization in the belief that the playing field is now level, that is, that every individual, regardless of color (or gender or disability, etc.) has the same access to the rights, benefits and responsibilities of the society. The rationalization continues: since slavery is ended and people of color have civil rights, the playing field has now been leveled. It follows then, that there is no reason for a person of color to "fail" (whether manifested in low SAT scores or small numbers in management positions) EXCEPT individual character flaws or cultural inadequacies. This form of denial asserts that such "failures" could have no roots in racism and internalized racism.
The consequences include "justified" victim blaming, and denial of the daily impact of generations of institutionalized racism and white privilege.
3) Reverse Racism
(a) "People of color are just as racist as white people."
(b) "Affirmative Action had a role years ago, but today it's just reverse racism; now it's discriminating against white men."
(c) "The civil rights movement, when it began was appropriate, valuable, needed. But it's gone to the extreme. The playing field is now level. Now the civil rights movement is no longer working for equality but for revenge." or
(d) "Black Pride, Black Power is dangerous. They just want power over white people." (Include here any reference to pride and empowerment of any people of color.)
(a) Let's first define racism:
Racism = Racial Prejudice (white people and people of color have this)
Systemic, Institutional Power (white people have this)
To say people of color can be racist, denies the power imbalance inherent in institutionalized racism.
Certainly, people of color can be and are prejudiced against white people. That was a part of their societal conditioning. A person of color can act on their prejudices to insult even hurt a white person. But there is a difference between being hurt and being oppressed. People of color, as a social group, do not have the societal, institutional power to oppress white people as a group. An individual person of color abusing a white person – while clearly wrong, (no person should be insulted, hurt, etc.) is acting out a personal racial prejudice, not racism (by this power definition.)
(b) This form of denial is based in the false notion that the playing field is now level. When the people with privilege and historical access and advantage are expected to suddenly (in societal evolution time) share some of that power, it is often perceived as discrimination.
(c + d) c is a statement by Rush Limbaugh. Though, clearly he is no anti-racist, both c + d follow closely on the heels of "reverse racism" and are loaded with white people's fear of people of color and what would happen if they gained "control." Embedded here is also the assumption that to be "pro-Black" (or any color) is to be anti-white. (A similar illogical accusation is directed at women who work for an end to violence against women and girls. Women who work to better the lives of women are regularly accused of being "anti-male.")
4) Blame The Victim
"It's their fault they can't get a job, or be managers." or "We have advertised everywhere, there just aren't any qualified people of color for this job." or "If he only worked harder, applied himself more, or had a stronger work ethic." or
"If she just felt better about herself…" or "Internalized racism is the real problem here." or "She uses racism as an excuse, to divert us from her incompetence." and "If he didn't go looking for racism everywhere…" (As if racism is so hidden or difficult to uncover that people of color would have to search for it.)
All "blame the victim" behaviors have two things in common. First, they evade the real problem: racism. Second, they delete from the picture the agents of racism, white people and institutions, who either intentionally perpetuate or unintentionally collude with racism. (Similar to agent deletion in discussions of rape. Most statements refer to a woman being raped, focus on her clothing or behavior at the time of the rape and delete the male rapist from the picture.) As long as the focus remains on people of color we can minimize or dismiss their reactions, and never have to look directly at racism and our own responsibility or collusion.
5) The White Knight or White Missionary
"We (white people) know just where to build your new community center." or "Your young people (read youth of color) would be better served by traveling to our suburban training center." or "We (white people) organized a used clothing drive for you, where do you want us to put the clothes?"
It is a racist, paternalistic assumption that well meaning white people know what's best for people of color. Decisions, by white people, are made on behalf of people of color, as though they were incapable of making their own. This is another version of "blame the victim" and white is right. It places the problems at the feet of people of color, and the only "appropriate" solutions with white people. Once more the power of self-determination is taken away from people of color. Regardless of motive, it is still about white control.
6) Lighten Up (lighten? whiten?)
"Black people are just are too sensitive and thin-skinned." or "Indians should get a sense of humor. We're just kidding around." or "I didn't mean anything racist, it's just a joke."
Here are racism and agent deletion in partnership again. The problem and perpetrators are exonerated, because the rationale declares that humor isn't hurtful. This form of denial serves most to trivialize the pain and reality of daily racism.
7) Don't Blame Me
"I never owned slaves." or "I didn't vote for David Duke." or "None of my family joined the Klan." or "I taught my children that racism is wrong."
Often white people hear blame whenever the issue of racism is brought up,
whether or not blame has been placed on us. As beneficiaries of racism and white privilege, we sometimes strike a defensive posture even when we are not being individually blamed. We may personalize the remarks, put ourselves in the center, but most references to racism are not directed personally at us. It is the arrogance of our privilege, that drags the focus back to us.
When we are being blamed or personally accused of racist behavior, this defensiveness and denial further alienates us and probably precludes our examining our possible racist behavior.
8) BWAME
"But What About Me. Look how I've been hurt, oppressed, exploited…?"
This diminishes the experience of people of color by telling our own story of hardship. We lose an opportunity to learn more about the experience of racism from a person of color, while we minimize their experience by trying to make it comparable or less painful than ours.
9) We Have Overcome
"We dealt with racism in the 60's with all the marches, sit-ins and speeches by Dr. King. Laws have been changed. Segregation and lynching are ended. We have some details to work out but real racism is pretty much a thing of the past."
The absence of legalized, enforced segregation does not equal the end of racism. This denial of contemporary racism, based on inaccurate assessment of both history and current society, romanticizes the past and diminishes today's reality.
We just have to look at the volcanic rise of racist hate groups during the campaign and since the election of President Barack Obama, to know racism is alive and well in the United States.
10) The End Run, Escapism
"Of course, racism is terrible, but what about sexism? or classism? or heterosexism?" or "Racism is a result of classism (or choose any other oppression,) so if we just work on that, racism will end, too."
I agree with Audre Lorde's statement, "There is no hierarchy of oppression." I would not establish a rank order for oppressions. At the same time, we cannot attempt to evade recognition and responsibility for any form of oppression. Statements like the ones above divert attention away from racial injustice to focus on some other form of oppression. They are usually said by white people (women, working class people, Lesbians, gay men or others) who experience both white privilege and oppression in some form. We are all more willing and more comfortable decrying our oppression than scrutinizing our privilege. Oppressions are so inextricably linked that if we allow our fear, guilt and denial to constantly divert us from confronting racism, even while we work to dismantle other forms, no oppression will ever be dismantled.
11) Due Process
"Lady Justice is [color] blind." White parents who tell their children, "The police are here to protect you. If they ever stop you, just be polite and tell the truth." Then when a Black teen is beaten or killed by police, those same parents say, "He must have been doing something wrong, to provoke that kind of police response."
Many white people believe that the police, courts, the legal system and social services work without bias; that due process, fair trials, juries, judges, police officers and case workers have everyone's best interest at heart, including people of color. Or at least, no less than they do for white people. This belief clouds reality. We tend to look at isolated incidents rather than the patterns of institutionalized oppression.
The legacy of institutionalized racism has left its indelible mark on the U. S. legal system. Even when individual police officers, judges or juries strive to be fair and unbiased, the system itself has been corrupted by centuries of racism. "Innocent until proven guilty" may be turned to "guilty until proven innocent" for too many people of color who enter the legal system.
12) Innocence By Association
"I'm not racist, because… I have Vietnamese friends, or my lover is Black, or I marched with Dr. King."
(Perhaps, if every white person who says they marched with Dr. King actually had, the current situation would look different!)
This detour into denial wrongly equates personal interactions with people of color, no matter how intimate they may be, with anti-racism. There is an assumption that our personal associations free us magically from our racist conditioning.
13) The Penitent
"I am so sorry for the way whites have treated your people." or "I am sorry for the terrible things that white man just said to you."
While there is probably no harm in the "sorry," if it is not attached to some action taken against racism, it is most often just another expression of white guilt. Being an ally to people of color is not limited to our apology for other white people's behavior, it must include anti-racist action.
14) The White Wash
"He's really a very nice guy, he's just had some bad experiences with Koreans." or "That's just the way Uncle Adolf jokes. He's very polite to the Black janitor in his building."
This "detour" is another manifestation of our guilt. We attempt to excuse, defend or cover up the racist actions of other white people. We are particularly prone to this if the other person is a family member or friend, or if we feel their actions may reflect on us.
15) Not Here In Lake Wobegon
"We don't have a racism problem here at this (school, organization, community)" or "We didn't have a racism problem in this town until that Mexican family moved here."
As white people we do not have to think about racism when our school, organization or community is all white. Racism does not usually become apparent TO US until there are people of color in our frame of reference.
16) I Was An Indian In a Former Life (2)
"After that sweat lodge I really know what it feels like to be an Indian. I have found my true spiritual path."
This is spiritual or cultural appropriation and poses a serious threat to the integrity and survival of Native cultures. To fill a void in their own spiritual core, some white people are drawn into the New Age garden to pick from a variety of Native spiritual practices usually offered for sale. (White writers, such as Lynn Andrews and others, garner high profits from fictitious "Indian" writing and teaching, while many Native writers can't find publishers.) Since Native spiritual practice is inseparable from history and current community, it cannot be disconnected from that context to service white people searching for life's meaning. Appropriating selected parts of Native cultures romanticizes the lives of Native peoples while denying their struggles. Their land and livelihoods stolen, indigenous peoples now see white people trying to steal their spirituality. Rather than escape our white racism by finding a spiritual path, we instead collude in one more way with the genocidal attacks on Native cultures.
17) Straightening Up or Boys Will Be Boys
The white heterosexual who says, "we can't talk about AIDS or homophobia because we're trying to work in coalition with a Latino group." White organizations, in which women are unheard, disrespected or prevented from assuming leadership. "We'll deal with any gender inequities or sexism after we solidify this coalition with the NAACP."
When white people with privilege in some other aspect of their life (gender, sexual orientation, lack of disability, class, etc.) use their focus on racism as an excuse to not challenge and therefore perpetuate other forms of oppression, the consequence is a disingenuous and unsustainable commitment to justice.
18) The Isolationist
"I thought we resolved this issue (racism) when it came up on the board last year." or "We need to deal with this specific incident. Let's not complicate it by bringing other irrelevant issues into it." or "This incident only happened today because the TV news last night showed police beating that Black kid."
Attempts are made to isolate a particular incident of racism from of the larger context. We blame a publicized incident of racism outside our organization to rationalize an internal incident and to avoid facing the reality of racism within. When trying to resolve an accusation of racism within an institution, we often see the incident in a vacuum, or as an aberration, in isolation from an historic pattern of racism in this institution and nation. Racism has been institutionalized so that every "incident" is another symptom of the pattern. When we continue to react incident-to-incident, crisis-to-crisis, as though they are unconnected, we will find genuine resolution only further from our reach.
19) "Bending Over Blackwards" (3)
"Of course, I agree with you." (Said to a person of color even when I disagree) or "I have to side with Jerome on this. (Even when Jerome, a man of color, represents opinions counter to mine.)
Our white guilt shows up here as we defer to the person of color. The person of color is always right, or we never criticize or challenge her or him. We try not to notice that we notice they are Black or Native American or Latina or Asian or Middle Eastern. We don't disagree, challenge or question a person of color the way we would a white person. And if we do disagree, we don't do it with the same conviction or passion that we would display with a white person. Our racism plays out as a different standard for people of color than for white people.
If this is our pattern, we can never have a genuine relationship with a person of color. People of color know when we are doing this. Our sincerity, commitment and courage will be rightly questioned. We cannot grow to a deeper level of trust and intimacy with people of color we treat this way.
20) Teach Me or Help Me, I'm Stuck
"I want to stop acting like a racist, so please tell me when I do something you think is racist." (Spoken to a person of color.)
White people often assume that they can learn about racism only from people of color. We further assume that people of color have the energy and/or desire to do this teaching. My understanding is that most people of color are weary of educating white people about racism.
We will get stuck. We'll get frustrated and impatient with ourselves and other white people in this struggle. We'll stay stuck if we don't seek help from other white anti-racists. Our inclination in the past has been to ask people of color to help us. We should seek out other white people BEFORE we go to people of color. Perhaps, as we become more trustworthy as allies, we will build genuine relationships with a few people of color who will offer their reflections for us when we get stuck. But this is at their discretion, not ours. We can't assume or act as though people of color should be so grateful for our attempts at anti-racism, that they will be willing to guide us whenever we are ready to be guided.
21) White On White, and Righteously So
"What is wrong with those white people? Can't they see how racist they're being?" or "I just can't stand to be around white people who act so racist anymore." And
You're preaching to the choir
"You're wasting your time with us, we're not the people who need this training."
We distance ourselves from "other" white people. We see only unapologetic bigots, card-carrying white supremacists and white people outside our own circle as "real racists." We put other white people down, trash their work or behavior, or otherwise dismiss them. We righteously consider ourselves white people who have evolved beyond our racist conditioning.
This is another level of denial. There are no "exceptional white people." (4) We may have attended many anti-racism workshops; we may not be shouting racist epithets or actively discriminating against people of color, but we still experience privilege based on our white skin. We benefit from this system of oppression and advantage no matter what our intentions are. This distancing serves only to divide us from potential allies and limit our own learning.
22) Smoke and Mirrors
We use the current politically correct language; we listen to the right music; we state the liberal line; we're seen at the right meetings with the right people. We even interrupt racist remarks when the right people are watching and when there is no risk to us. We look like anti-racists.
This is the "Avon Ally," the cosmetic approach. People of color and other white anti-racists see through this pretense quickly. This pseudo-anti-racist posturing only serves to collude with racism and weakens the credibility of sincere white anti-racists.
23) I Have To Do My Personal Work
" I have to do my personal work first." or "Ending racism is only about changing personal attitudes."
If we assume that personal reflection and interpersonal work is the end of our job as anti-racists, we will stay out of the public, institutional arenas. We will ignore cultural racist practices that don't include us personally. We won't take action, until we have finished ridding ourselves of all racist conditioning. And since that complete "cure" will never happen, we will never take any institutional or cultural anti-racist action.
24) Whites Only
I have no connection with or accountability to people of color. I do all my anti-racism with whites only. I am accountable only to other white people.
While it is vitally important for white anti-racists to work with other white people, this detour results in white people again controlling the direction and focus of anti-racism work.
Learning to follow the leadership of, and taking direction from people of color, while being accountable to them are all vital components of our ally-ship.
25) The Accountant
We keep a tally sheet. If we perform some "feat of anti-racism," we expect reciprocity from an individual or group of color, usually with some prestige or power that can serve our interests.
"I scratch your back, you scratch mine is NOT justice seeking nor ally behavior. It serves only to reduce justice work to some kind of power brokering currency.
26) The "Certificate of Innocence"
Some times we seek or expect from people of color some public or private recognition and appreciation for our anti-racism. Other times we are looking for a "certificate of innocence" telling us we are one of the good white people.
If our ally commitment depends on positive reinforcement from people of color, we set ourselves up for sure failure. The first time a person of color is displeased with our
actions, we could respond, "Well, if the very people I'm doing all this for don't want my help, then why bother?" Clearly, we're challenging racism for "them" not for us. We have not identified our self-interest, as a white person, for fighting racism. Until we do, we will not be able to sustain this lifelong journey.
27) Silence
We stay silent.
Our silence may be a product our guilt or fear of making people of color or white people angry with us or disappointed in us. We may be silent because our guilt stops us from disagreeing with people of color. We may be afraid that speaking out could result in losing some of our privilege. We may be silenced by fear of violence. The reasons for our silence are many, but each time we are silent we miss an opportunity to interrupt racism, or to act as an ally or to interact genuinely with people of color or other white people. And no anti-racist action is taken as long as we are silent.
[A note about silence: Silence is a complicated matter. There are times when faced with a potential intervention situation that we may choose not to interrupt – for reasons of good sense or strategy. Anti-racists need courage, but taking foolish risks makes little sense. When the choice is between intervening in this moment, alone, or gathering allies to speak out later in a more strategic way, the latter may prove more effective. Though the fact remains: the racist incident in that moment was not interrupted.]
28) Exhaustion and Despair – Sound the Retreat
"I'm exhausted. I'm only one person. I can stop and rest for a while." or "Racism is so pervasive and entrenched, there just isn't any hope."
Despair is a real enemy of anti-racists. If our commitment is a lifelong one, we must find ways to mitigate the effects. Neither burn-out nor desertion are of any use to the struggle. We can remember men who jumped on a "Take Back the Night" bandwagon, challenging violence against women – for a while. Until the attention on them as good men waned. Until the "glamour" of the issue faded. One of the historical, repeated failures of "liberals" in social justice movements has been their short-term and inconsistent commitment to the "issue du jour.
If we quit, for any reason, we are engaging our "default option." (5) As white people, we can rest, back off, and take a break from the frustration and despair of anti-racism work. There will be no significant consequence to us for this retreat. White people will not think less of us. Racism doesn't allow such a respite for people of color. One of the elemental privileges of being white is my freedom to retreat from the issue of racism. If things get too tough I can always take a break. And our work against racism doesn't get done.
Once identified, behaviors like those above are possible to change. The patterns are repeated less often. We re-educate and re-tool ourselves to take more potent anti-racist action. Each anti-racist action we take brings new challenges and learning, propels us forward smarter, more confident, better prepared and most importantly, more effective. Every experience takes us deeper into new territory and the complexities of racism, expanding our vision of the possibilities of a future without racism. Each turn brings us face to face with another set of potential detours and reversals. Like traveling unmarked roads, staying on the right track demands constant attention and intention.
Racism oppresses and exploits people of color. While it grants white people undeniable advantages and benefits, racism also robs each of us of our full humanity. We didn't construct racism; we inherited it. But the unchallenged perpetuation of racism is our responsibility. Racism continues in the name of all white people.
People of color will continue to demand their rights, opportunities and full personhood. But racism in North America won't end because people of color demand it. Racism will only end when a significant number of white people of conscience, the
people who can wield systemic privilege and power with integrity, find the will and take the action to dismantle it. That won't happen until white people find racism in our daily consciousness as often as people of color do. For now we have to drag racism into our consciousness intentionally, for unlike our sisters and brothers of color, the most present daily manifestation of our white privilege is the possibility of forgetting about racism.
We cannot.
While there is nothing about racism to celebrate, there is much to celebrate in a life lived in the pursuit of justice. It is the work of a lifetime.
(1) Lillian Smith, Killers Of The Dream. W. W. Norton & Company: New York, 1949.
(2) Paraphrase of title by Andrea Smith. "For All Those Who Were Indian In A Former Life." First published in Sojourner: The Women's Forum, November 1990. See also "Wanting To Be Indian, When Spiritual Searching Turns Into Cultural Theft" by Myke Johnson. Available from RESPECT, Inc. P. O. Box 2516, Boston, MA 02130.
(3) I first heard this phrase from Rev. Joseph Barndt of Crossroads Ministry, also the author of Dismantling Racism. Augsburg Fortress: Minneapolis. 1991.
(4) Credit to Kathleen Carlin for her "Principle of Intentions versus Effect" from her anti-sexism work. Translated here to a racism corollary. Before her death in 1996 she was the Executive Director of Men Stopping Violence in Atlanta, GA.
(5) Term used by Dr. Molesi Kete Asante, Chair of African American Studies, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
©jona olsson January 1997, 2005, 2011
Many people have played a role in the evolution of this work. The following have been some of the readers, thinkers, and anti-racist practitioners who offered their guidance, inspiration, challenge and critique. To each of them, thank you.
Joe Barndt, Dorothy Cotton, Sandy Ewell, Kay Leigh Hagan, Peggy McIntosh, Kenneth Jones, Rudy Nickens, Janna Pedersen, Betty Powell, LaDonna M. Sanders, Georgianna Torres, Daniel Trujillo, and especially Jane Stuehling.
SEEKING YOUR COMMENTS
I assume this will always be a work in progress, and look forward to your comments. Please, send me your thoughts, questions, challenges and additional "detours."
Permission is given to individuals to reprint all or parts of this essay when used in their personal work to dismantle racism and other forms of oppression. If you do reprint any portion, please, credit the author and list all the copyright & contact information below.
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Context: I grow old … I grow old... I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled. Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach? I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach. I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. I do not think that they will sing to me. I have seen them riding seaward on the waves Combing the white hair of the waves blown back When the wind blows the water white and black. We have lingered in the chambers of the sea By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown Till human voices wake us, and we drown.
Thy waves have caught the soil.
The Pillar of the Cloud http://www.bartleby.com/236/75.html, st. 3 (1833).