text:
Mathieu Albert Daniel Bauderlique (* 3. Juli 1989 in Hénin-Beaumont) ist ein französischer Profiboxer im Halbschwergewicht. 2016 gewann er eine Bronzemedaille bei den Olympischen Spielen in Rio de Janeiro.

Amateurkarriere
Mathieu Bauderlique gewann 2007 eine Bronzemedaille im Mittelgewicht bei den Junioren-Europameisterschaften in Serbien. Nachdem er 2008 noch Dritter bei den französischen Meisterschaften geworden war, gewann er den Meistertitel 2009 und 2010 im Mittelgewicht. 2011 wurde er noch Vizemeister.

Bei den Mittelmeerspielen 2009 gewann er eine Bronzemedaille und startete bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2009 in Mailand, wo er in der zweiten Vorrunde ausschied. Zudem war er Viertelfinalist der Europameisterschaften 2010 in Moskau.

In der Saison 2012/13 der World Series of Boxing bestritt Bauderlique drei Kämpfe für die Algeria Desert Hawks, von denen er jedoch nur einen gewann.

AIBA Pro Boxing (APB)
Seit Oktober 2014 startete Bauderlique in dem neugegründeten Profibereich "APB" des vom IOC anerkannten Weltverbandes AIBA, nachdem es erstmals Profiboxern möglich war, sich für die Olympischen Spiele 2016 in Rio de Janeiro zu qualifizieren. Im ersten Zyklus konnte er gegen Ädilbek Nijasymbetow und Kennedy St-Pierre gewinnen, verlor jedoch gegen Ehsan Rouzbahani. Im zweiten Zyklus gewann Bauderlique gegen Nikita Iwanow, Joe Ward und Spas Genow, womit er sich für den Titelkampf gegen Ehsan Rouzbahani qualifizierte. Diesen besiegte er im September 2015, wurde damit APB-Champion im Halbschwergewicht und qualifizierte sich zugleich für die Olympischen Spiele 2016. Dort besiegte er im Achtelfinale den Kolumbianer Juan Carrillo und im Viertelfinale den Ecuadorianer Carlos Mina. Im Halbfinale schied er dann mit einer Bronzemedaille gegen Julio César La Cruz aus.

Profikarriere
Sein Profidebüt gewann er am 22. Oktober 2011. Am 28. April 2018 gewann er den französischen Meistertitel im Halbschwergewicht. Im Oktober 2018 wurde er WBC Francophone Champion, im März 2019 WBA Intercontinental Champion und im September 2021 EBU European Champion.

Im August 2022 verlor er durch KO gegen Callum Smith.

Quellen
BoxRec-Profiprofil
 amateur-boxing.strefa.pl
 aibaproboxing.com

Boxer (Frankreich)
Olympiateilnehmer (Frankreich)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Träger des französischen Nationalverdienstordens (Ritter)
Franzose
Geboren 1989
Mann


How are we going to do this? Well, by providing everything you need in order to do your own SEM (the first of, no doubt, many abbreviations) or get someone else to do it, work in SEM, find out about all the things you need for SEM, SEM news and much, much more. Oh, and why just the UK you ask? Well, I think that a site of this type has been a long time coming. Of course, anyone in the world can use the information here, but the slant is towards what is happening in the good old UK.
Who am I? Well I am Rob Andrews and I have been working in the SEM industry for many years and (think!) I have a wealth of knowledge to share. Over time I aim to get a number of quality contributors to add to the site and in the meantime all of your comments are very welcome (well, not the SPAM ones!).
This site has been put together with the fantastic assistance of WordPress and the base template is from Chris Pearson (thank you). I have hacked it around so much that you might not recognise it, but it was from your original base.
Anyway, I suppose I now have live up to my claim and make this the best darn SEM site in the UK. Wish me luck.


text:
Game Day Six Pack: "Two Words: Steroids and Robots."
By Justin Klugh
Meet Red and Denton of Red Sox blog Surviving Grady. Like us, they are simple folk, just wanting the best for their baseball team, and channeling this perfectly healthy passion into screaming and/or throwing. Is there something so wrong with expecting the best when you're paying the most?
Like us, they pay top dollar to currently sit at the bottom of a division.
Like us, they've cringed as Jonathan Papelbon proved to be mortal.
Like us, they are seeking solace in the form of drugs and synthetic humans.
Ever since last year, I've felt that the Phillies and Sox are somewhat bonded in their comparable late season incompetence. We both had big dreams. We both had long winters. Looking forward, how can two behemoths with aging hearts contend in divisions beginning to boil over with younger talent?
Red: Two words: Steroids and robots. Actually, I'm kidding about the robots. And the steroids. I think, at least in Boston's case, we're suffering from a near-lethal combination of players who were ridiculously overpaid for their services and others who were getting perhaps a bit too comfortable with doing "just enough."
I was hoping that last September's embarrassing crash-and-burn would have shamed the Red Sox into blazing out of the gate, as if to show the world that they still had some of that piss and lightning (whatever that means) left within them. I was wrong. The AL East is a tougher place and you've got some hungry, somethin'-to-prove teams in the Rays and Orioles.
Denton: September was a brutal reminder of what it was like to be a Red Sox fan pre-2004. Didn't our slogan used to be "Wait'll Next Year?" And we'd start chanting that in early August. It's amazing what you can get used to…but I don't ever want to get used to being a fan of that kind of team again. I think it has a lot more to do with heart than age, but I have major concerns that other than Dustin Pedroia, this team lacks heart.
Twitter provided us with some delightful Kevin-Youkilis-to-the-Phillies rumors that for the most part, made no sense. Is Youkilis a broken man? What trade would be fair for both sides?
Red: Youkilis has the heart and beard of a gorilla when he's healthy, which, by my calculations, is roughly 15 games per season.
He is not a broken man by any stretch, but his days with the Red Sox may be numbered. I can't imagine the Phillies would want to take an oft-injured guy who sweats as much as Youk off our hands, but if you do, we'd gladly take a bunch of those cheesesteak subs we hear so much about.
Denton: I think any trade where Philly gives us all of their good players and the Rocky statue is fair, but I don't see it happening. Youk's value is way down, and is a month really enough time to hitch your wagon to Will Middlebrooks? Christ, for a few weeks last season Jed Lowrie was the shortstop of the future.
Adrian Gonzalez is the latest player or coach to speak out against idiotic umpiring. Did he have a legit gripe? Or is he venting frustration with himself? And how about when the Phillies played a game without an umprie at third base because Joe West was sick, and then two calls were blown at third base, costing the the game? Not really relveant, but…. I have trouble letting go of things.
Red: I think a lot of it comes from his frustration and the fact that he hasn't hit a home run in what seems like his last 1,200 at bats. As for the umps, I'll be the first in line when the voting for robot umpires opens up.
Denton: All you have to do to learn about the state of officiating is watch the video of the Lawrie incident a few days ago. Clearly the case of an umpire taking it personal that the batter showed him up when he missed the call on strike two and retaliated by calling the next pitch strike three, regardless of how far out of the strike zone it was. A pathetic display, he should have been the one suspended.
Is Jonathan Papelbon a constant reminder of the glory that was? Or is he a page torn from a dusty novel in the back of a used book store? Or is he just garbage, blowing in the wind kicked up by a SEPTA bus? Your thoughts.
Red: Part of me wants to dismiss Papelbon as a self-centered clown who did more for the Dropkick Murphys' bank account than his team in his last few seasons with the Red Sox. But that's just the bitterness talking. He was a true character and the image of him doffing his pants and dancing on the field back in 2007 will forever haunt my dreams. That said, it would have been nice if he could have moved on to Philadelphia without feeling the need to bash the Boston fans and media.
I liken him to that Tom Waits album that everybody recommends to you but that you can't listen to more than three seconds without banging your head against the wall in frustration. And I don't know what that means, either.
Denton: Papelbon is a tough guy to like when he isn't dancing around with a Bud Lite box on his head after your team just won the World Series. He stated from day one in Boston that he was paving the way for closers to get big money, and he did just that. No idea why he decided to bash Boston after leaving, but based on everything else going on with the Red Sox front office, I'm guessing he has his reasons. All that said, I wouldn'y mind seeing him stroll out to take the mound in the ninth inning wearing a Red Sox uni.
Which eastern division is more competitive? With the Orioles stepping up, is there any fear that they are for real? I hate the Nationals. Again, irrelevant.
Red: Ever since I found out that Buck Showalter's favorite expression for laying a beating on another team is "pounding their tits," I have secretly wished for the Os to at least become contenders. This year, it seems to be coming true. Also, any league with a team that is managed by a guy who instructs his players to go out and "pound their tits" is instantly the most competitive league in baseball.
Perhaps even in the universe. The Orioles are very real, my son. As real as that knife in your hands.
Denton: There is zero.point.zero chance the Orioles are for real. This happens almost every year and by the All Star break, they are busy making themselves comfortable in the basement. They suck. End of story.
Josh Beckett. He seems angry. What's his problem, anyway? And why does he think he only has 18 off days a year? What about the entire winter? Also four out of every five days?
Red: Oh, fuck Josh Beckett.
Denton: Beckett is a self-centered, spoiled rotten baby. Other than that, he has no problems. Even as a diehard Red Sox fan, I find it hard to root for him. There is no doubt in my conspiracy-theory-clouded mind that he intentionally went out and grooved every pitch two starts ago because he was pissed off about being called out for golfing when he was supposed to be hurt.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By its very nature, "Try Next Alternative" error handling refers to a Try step. This Try step must be a prior step on the current execution path, that is, it must be one of the steps whose execution led up to the current step. Otherwise the "next alternative" part of "Try Next Alternative" does not make much sense.
the next branch at the leftmost Try step, causing execution to skip both steps C and D and continues at step E?
The default is the "nearest Try step" but other Try steps on the execution path can be selected explicitly. The reference to the Try step is by name; if several Try steps have the same name, the nearest (rightmost) one with that name is implied. This can be used to advantage as described in Try-Catch.
Although we here describe "At" targets only in relation to "Try Next Alternative" error handling, such references may be used also with the "Next Iteration" and "Break Loop" error handling options that are described in the following section. In those cases, the references will be to loop steps rather than Try steps.


The trunk of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb yields the pathological product, agarwood (aloewood), a strong aromatic resinous wood formed in the tree after infection by a fungus. Agar oil, obtained by steam distillation of agarwood powder, is a precious perfume fixative valued much by European perfumers for mixing with their best grade scents. This oil is composed of sesquiterpenic furanoids (dihydroagarofuran, alpha- and beta-agarofuran) and alcohols (agarospirol, agarol).
Linaloe oil (Indian lavender) is distilled chiefly from the dried husks of the fruit (berries) of Bursera penicillata. LinaIoe oil which is produced in India is commonly used by the soap and cosmetic industry.
Recently we reported that the hydrolysis of the non-steam volatile portion of the acetone extract of the spent sandalwood (Santalum album L.) powder with methanolic hydrochloric acid, followed by steam distillation, provides a new essential oil, HESP, which is demonstrating in our pharmacological studies quite distinctive and valuable drug features. Following the same technique, we have now isolated two more new essential oils, one from the spent agarwood in a yield of 0.3% and the other from the spent Bursera husk in a yield of 0.6%. Named, respectively, HAWS and HEB, the acronym for Hydrolysed Agarwood Spent and Hydrolysed Exhausted Bursera, they possess characteristics totally different from those of agar and linaloe oils. The earlier method, which was developed for higher recovery of sandalwood oil from concretes by incorporation of polyethylene glycol 200, was found to be equally applicable in the case of agarwood. It was found that the acetone extract of agarwood power upon steam distillation in the presence of polyethylene glycol 200, yields 25% more agar oil than that obtained conventionally from a direct steam distillation process. In the present article, we describe the process of isolation of HAWS and HEB oils along with their physiochemical properties.


text:
Earnings Review and Free Research Report: Coupa Software Reported Better Than Expected Results
ACCESSWIRE September 26, 2017
Research Desk Line-up: Renren Post Earnings Coverage
LONDON, UK / ACCESSWIRE / September 26, 2017 / Pro-Trader Daily has just published a free post-earnings coverage on Coupa Software Inc. (NASDAQ: COUP) ("Coupa"), which can be viewed by registering at http://protraderdaily.com/optin/?symbol=COUP, following the Company's release of its financial results on September 05, 2017, for the second quarter fiscal 2018. The Company's total revenue increased 43.1% on a y-o-y basis. Our daily stock reports are accessible for free, and with those to look forward today you also will be signing up for a complimentary member's account at:
http://protraderdaily.com/register/
Get more of our free earnings reports coverage from other constituents of the Internet Software & Services industry. Pro-TD has currently selected Renren Inc. (NYSE: RENN) for due-diligence and potential coverage as the Company announced on August 30, 2017, its unaudited financial results for Q2 2017 which ended on June 30, 2017. Register for a free membership today, and be among the early birds that get access to our report on Renren when we publish it.
At Pro-TD, we make it our mission to bring you news that matter about the stock you follow. Today, our research desk covers a blog story on COUP; also brushing on RENN. With the links below you can directly download the report of your stock of interest free of charge at:
http://protraderdaily.com/optin/?symbol=COUP
http://protraderdaily.com/optin/?symbol=RENN
Earnings Reviewed
For three months ended July 31, 2017, Coupa's total revenue increased 43.1% to $44.55 million from $31.13 million in Q2 FY17. The increase was due to the expanding customer base. The total revenue surpassed analysts' expectations of $42.0 million.
For the reported quarter, Coupa's subscription services revenue increased 43.1% to $39.76 million from $27.78 million in Q2 FY17. During Q2 FY18, the Company's professional service & other revenue increased 42.9% to $4.79 million from $3.35 million in Q2 FY17.
During Q2 FY18, the Company's gross profit increased 50.6% to $29.60 million from $19.65 million in the same period last year. For the reported quarter, the Company's gross margin increased 330 basis points to 66.4% of revenue from 63.1% of revenue in Q2 FY17. During Q2 FY18, the Company's adjusted gross margin increased 640 basis points to 71% of revenue from 64.6% of revenue in Q2 FY17.
For the reported quarter, Coupa's sales and marketing (S&M) expenses increased 23.6% to $23.81 million from $19.25 million in Q2 FY17. During Q2 FY18, the Company's general and administrative (G&A) expenses increased 104.1% to $9.43 million from $4.62 million in Q2 FY17. For the reported quarter, the Company's research and development (R&D) expenses increased 48.6% to $10.72 million from $7.21 million in Q2 FY17.
During Q2 FY18, Coupa's operating loss was $14.36 million compared to operating loss of $11.43 million in Q2 FY17. For the reported quarter, the Company's adjusted operating loss was $5.74 million compared to adjusted operating loss of $9.63 million in Q2 FY17.
During Q2 FY18, Coupa's net loss was $13.74 million compared to net loss of $12.44 million in Q2 FY17. For the reported quarter, the Company's adjusted net loss was $5.43 million compared to adjusted net loss of $10.65 million in Q2 FY17. During Q2 FY18, Coupa's diluted EPS was negative $0.26 compared to negative $2.13 in Q2 FY17. For the reported quarter, the Company's adjusted diluted EPS was negative $0.10 compared to adjusted diluted negative EPS of $1.83 in Q2 FY17. The adjusted diluted EPS surpassed analysts' expectations of negative $0.17.
On August 10, 2017, the Company appointed Chandar Pattabhiram as Chief Marketing Officer.
As on July 31, 2017, Coupa's cash and cash equivalents increased 3.2% to $208.34 million from $201.72 million in Q4 FY17.
During Q2 FY18, the Company's accounts receivable, net of allowance decreased 22.8% to $36.73 million from $47.61 million in Q4 FY17.
For the reported quarter, the Company's total assets increased 13.2% to $321.53 million from $283.86 million in Q4 FY17.
During Q2 FY18, Coupa's accounts payable decreased 10.1% to $1.06 million from $1.18 million in Q4 FY17.
During H1 FY18, Coupa's cash provided by operating activities was positive $16.34 million compared to negative $7.72 million in H1 FY17.
For Q3 FY18, Coupa expects total revenue to be in the range of $44.8 million to $45.3 million and adjusted operating loss to be in the band of $5.5 million to $6.5 million. The Company estimates adjusted diluted EPS to be in the range of negative $0.10 to negative $0.12 for Q3 FY18.
For FY18, Coupa expects total revenue to be in the range of $177 million to $179 million and adjusted operating loss to be in the range of $25 million to $26 million. The Company estimates adjusted diluted EPS to be in the range of negative $0.48 to negative $0.50 for fiscal 2018.
On Monday, September 25, 2017, the stock closed the trading session at $30.52, declining 2.59% from its previous closing price of $31.33. A total volume of 280.82 thousand shares have exchanged hands. Coupa Software's stock price rallied 1.03% in the last one month, 0.73% in the past three months, and 27.17% in the previous six months. Furthermore, since the start of the year, shares of the Company have surged 22.03%. The stock currently has a market cap of $1.64 billion.
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PRO-TD, the Author, and the Reviewer are not responsible for any error which may be occasioned at the time of printing of this document or any error, mistake or shortcoming. No liability is accepted whatsoever for any direct, indirect or consequential loss arising from the use of this document. PRO-TD, the Author, and the Reviewer expressly disclaim any fiduciary responsibility or liability for any consequences, financial or otherwise arising from any reliance placed on the information in this document. Additionally, PRO-TD, the Author, and the Reviewer do not (1) guarantee the accuracy, timeliness, completeness or correct sequencing of the information, or (2) warrant any results from use of the information. The included information is subject to change without notice.
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Should We Be Delighted With IWS Group Holdings Limited's (HKG:8441) ROE Of 39%?
A Closer Look At China Yongda Automobiles Services Holdings Limited's (HKG:3669) Impressive ROE
Factors Income Investors Should Consider Before Adding Servcorp Limited (ASX:SRV) To Their Portfolio
Steel Dynamics (STLD) Q4 Earnings and Revenues Beat Estimates
Here's What You Should Know About KWG Group Holdings Limited's (HKG:1813) 5.6% Dividend Yield
Chemung Financial (CHMG) Q4 Earnings and Revenues Lag Estimates


Den här buketten tog mig ca 8 min att göra.
11. Bind sammetsband runt buketten. Ju längre band desto mer härligt romantiskt fladder i bilderna – KLART!
English: Time to time make sure to make time for my own creative projects. Recently, I have had styled wedding photo shoots. For this kind of projects I need a of set bridal bouquets, that usually cost a lot. Thats wh I have chosen to always use plastic flowers for my projects (not for clients). I mix and match flowers to suit the feel, the dress and the colors of the project. That way I don't need to chase a florist, spend a lot of money on flowers and fear that the flowers will wither.


text:
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/drymonsoon/nu.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/drymonsoon/nu)
[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/drymonsoon/nu)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/drymonsoon/nu)

For some more informations about the project [https://godoc.org/github.com/drymonsoon/nu](https://godoc.org/github.com/drymonsoon/nu)
Basic command line tool to starting a project

## Usage

- `nu <project name>` simple initialization
- `-t` specify the type of project that you are starting
- `-g` can disable the initialization of a new git local repository

## Types

- `base` basic **go** hello world (dafault)
- `server` basic **go** http server
- `gae` basic Google App Engine blanc application
- `codecon` new setup ready to code for a codecon challenge

## Notes
- change location on local machine
- added tag 1.0.0
- qui e` passo GTIRABASSI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker helped block measures to curtail tax avoidance during his time as prime minister of Luxembourg, according to leaked documents.
German diplomatic cables leaked to German radio group NDR reportedly describe how Luxembourg railed against efforts to crack down on tax avoidance schemes under Juncker's stewardship.
Shared with the Guardian newspaper and the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, a Washington-based club, earlier this week, the cables show the inner workings of the so-called code of conduct group on business taxation.
The conduct group was set up in 1998 in an effort to abolish harmful tax competition among EU states.
The German cables say plans to roll back aggressive tax planning schemes were repeatedly blocked by a core set of members often led by Luxembourg. Luxembourg had also protested efforts by some members to ease decision making within the group and expose those obstructing tax reforms.
One cable, according to the Guardian, said Luxembourg had no interest in real reform.
"It has become abundantly clear once again that a majority [of members states] are not interested in real reform. In particular, Luxembourg representatives said they would fundamentally object to any proposal to publish arguments made by Luxembourg in the committee," the German diplomatic note said.
A spokesperson for Luxembourg's finance ministry told the Guardian that they had no knowledge of the discussions.
Juncker was Luxembourg's prime minister from 1995 until 2013.
He also acted as finance minister from 1989 until 2009 and spent another four years as treasury minister.
Within days of taking up his role as EU commission president, another massive document leak showed how the Grand Duchy had helped multinationals to avoid paying tax on profits through secret deals brokered by audit firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
Billions had been diverted away from national coffers that could have been used to finance public services at the height of Europe's economic crisis.
Asked by MEPs at the time to explain his role, Juncker denied having set up any tax system that discriminated against other EU states.
"You actually in fact exaggerate my political talent in that respect," he told MEPs in the parliament's special tax committee in September 2015.
The secret deals known as tax rulings were drafted in Luxembourg between 2002 and 2010. Almost 340 companies had exploited the tax loopholes designed by the Grand Duchy.
The number of tax rulings has since increased by 50 percent in Luxembourg during the year following the scandal, according to Eurodad, a Brussels-based NGO.
The scandal, dubbed LuxLeaks, ushered in new EU-led and national efforts for greater tax transparency, but also landed two whistleblowers and a journalist behind the PwC leaks in a Luxembourg court.
The journalist was acquitted, but the two others received suspended jail sentences. An appeal has since been launched with all three now back in court facing possibly stiffer sentences.
The German cables revelation is also likely to pile pressure on an EU commission that is increasingly seen as out of touch with the public.
Former EU commission president Jose Manuel Barroso now works for Goldman Sachs, a bank that admitted to defrauding investors out of billions in the lead up to the 2007 financial crisis.
Neelie Kroes, ex-competition commissioner, had failed to declare her directorship of a company set up in the Bahamas. The revelation was made following another massive leak of documents from the Bahamas corporate registry last September.
Last November, EU commissioner Guenther Oettinger also flew on a private plane offered by a German lobyist with strong Kremlin ties.
None were sanctioned despite widespread objections, including by EU commission staff, who signed a petition on Barroso.
"It's absurd that millions of Europeans who have suffered from austerity policies that created social division now have the godfather of tax dumping [Juncker] presiding over the EU commission," said Fabio de Masi on Monday.
De Masi is a German MEP from the United Left group who also co-chairs the EU parliament's tax evasion committee.


OsteoplexMD is a Calcium supplement designed to support reformation of bone structure after an orthopaedic or neurosurgical surgery (in combination with RecoveryMD) and has also proven effective at helping prevent Osteopenia and Osteoporosis.
OsteoplexMD™ delivers full skeletal support for optimized bone health and healing. This advanced micro nutritional supplement is a crucial aid in the healing of fractures, recovering from surgery on bones, joints, or the spine as well as preventing and supporting degenerative bone conditions such as Osteopenia and Osteoporosis.


The official headgear of the Women's March on Washington. If you missed out on getting one then, you can have one now! Each hat is individually constructed from variegated yarn. Yarn pictured is 80% Acrylic and 20% Wool; however, yarn varies from hat-to-hat. If you have any specific yarn allergies, please note them in your cart before checkout.
$10 from every purchase goes to support the Bridges for Women Society.
Bridges is a gutsy, innovative community agency. Their employment training and supportive programs inspire women impacted by violence or abuse, to reclaim their lives and build economic security. Bridges draws on its extensive knowledge of the impacts of abuse on employability, to provide education, training, and consulting to community agencies, employers, and government.
If you'd like to support a charity that's nearer to you, please email me with a donation receipt dated within the last 30 days of at least $10 per hat* to your local women's shelter, LGBTQIA centre, charity for the differently abled, or Muslim/interfaith centre and I will send you a discount code to buy this hat for material costs only!
* If your receipt is more than $20, please indicate how many hats you are wanting to purchase.


A switched digital video (SDV) system includes an SDV manager for coordinating a SDV session requested by a subscriber terminal and a storage medium on which resides content to be transmitted during the SDV session. The system also includes a plurality of edge devices for receiving a transport stream that includes content provided by the storage medium and transmitting the transport stream over an access network to the subscriber terminal on one of a plurality of SDV channels. The SDV manager is configured to cause different renditions of an SDV program to be provided by the edge devices to subscriber terminals associated with different target groups. The target groups each include a plurality of subscriber terminals that is less than a number of subscriber terminals serviced by a distinct edge device or devices.
The present invention relates generally to a switched digital video system for distributing content to a subscriber over a system such as a satellite or cable television system, and more particularly to a switched digital video system in which advertising can be targeted to selected groups of subscribers.
Switched digital video (SDV) refers to an arrangement in which broadcast channels are only switched onto the network when they are requested by one or more subscribers, thereby allowing system operators to save bandwidth over their distribution network. In conventional cable or satellite broadcast systems, every broadcast channel is always available to all authorized subscribers. In contrast, a switched digital video channel is only available when requested by one or more authorized subscribers. Also, unlike video on-demand, which switches a singlecast interactive program to a user, switched digital video switches broadcast streams, making each stream available to one or more subscribers who simply join the broadcast stream just as they would with normal broadcast services. That is, once a switched service is streamed to a subscriber, subsequent subscribers associated with the same service group as the first subscriber can tune to the same broadcast stream. The switched digital video will often share the same resource managers and underlying resources with other on-demand services.
As noted, switched digital video is largely a tool to save bandwidth. From the subscriber perspective, he or she still receives the same broadcast video service when using a switched broadcast technique; ideally the user is not able to discern that the stream was switched at all. If each one of the digital broadcast channels is being watched by subscribers in the same service group, the switched digital video approach does not yield any bandwidth savings. However, a more likely situation statistically is that only a certain number of the digital broadcast channels are being watched by subscribers in the same service group at any given time. Those channels not requested by a subscriber need not be broadcast, thereby saving bandwidth.
One way to support switched digital video is to utilize a session manager to manage SDV sessions. The subscriber will set up an SDV session with the session manager when an SDV program is requested. The session manager will determine if the requested channel is already being sent to the corresponding service group that the subscriber belongs to. The subscriber will be assigned to join the existing SDV session if the requested channel is available at the service group or assigned to a new SDV session if the requested channel is not available at the service group. The Session Manager will negotiate with the edge devices to allocate resources required for the session. The edge device (e.g., a digital modulator such as a QAM modulator) needs to dynamically retrieve the MPEG single program transport stream that carries the requested broadcast program (likely via IP unicast or multicast) and generate the MPEG multiple program transport stream. As part of the session setup response message, the video tuning parameters such as frequency and MPEG program number are sent back to the subscriber to access the requested broadcast channel.
As with other types of broadcast programming, advertising forms an important part of SDV programming. The revenues generated from advertisers subsidize and in some cases pay entirely for the programming. Even in subscriber-based television systems such as cable and satellite television systems, the revenues from advertisements subsidize the cost of the programming, and were it not for advertisements, the monthly subscription rates of such systems could be many times higher than at present.
Traditional broadcast television systems broadcast the same television signal to each person viewing a particular station. Thus, each person viewing a particular channel will necessarily view the same programming content as well as the same advertisements embedded in the programming content. However, with modern digital television systems such as SDV systems more personalized television service is possible. For instance, in SDV systems, a group of subscriber households can be selectively addressed through a cable node serving that group. Similarly, individual subscriber households can be selectively addressed though their set top terminals. In other words, the service provider can send different data to different subscribers or groups of subscribers.
Typically, a particular advertiser will purchase a particular "spot", i.e., an advertising opportunity in a particular channel at a particular time, based on the likelihood that members of that advertiser's target audience will be watching that particular channel at that particular time. For instance, advertisers typically have a particular demographic group of individuals that they wish to reach with their advertising. For example, the manufacturer of a low-cost beer probably has a primary target audience of males between the ages of 21 and 39, living in households with a household annual income of less than $75,000 per year. As another example, a manufacturer of laundry detergent may have a primary target audience of women between 19-59 years of age with no particular preference regarding household income. As another example, a manufacturer of expensive beer may wish to have a target audience similar to that of the manufacturer of low-cost beer in that it comprises males between the ages of 21 and 39. However, this manufacturer's target demographic audience may include a different economic profile, e.g., males between the ages of 21 and 39, living in households with annual household incomes of over $60,000 per year. Another advertiser that manufactures children's toys appropriate for children between 5 and 10 years of age might have a target audience of children between the ages of 5 and 10 and, depending upon the particular toys, a desired annual household income range.
SDV programming, and the advertisements associated therewith, may be supplied by a multicasting technique or a unicasting technique. If conventional SDV multicasting is employed, when a set top terminal in a particular service group requests an SDV program, the SDV manager directs the QAM modulator servicing that particular service group to issue an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Join request to receive the multicast stream. The QAM modulator then delivers a single copy of the channel supporting the program to that service group. The SDV manager directs the set top terminal that made the request to tune to the appropriate channel. Any other set top terminals in the same service group which request the same programming are also directed to tune to that channel. That is, when multicasting is employed, a single video stream is provided from the headend to the hub and the video stream is carried on a single channel from the hub to the appropriate service group. Accordingly, multicasting minimizes bandwidth usage between the headend and the hub as well as between the hub and service group.
In contrast to multicasting, when conventional SDV unicasting is employed each set top terminal receives its own copy of a channel. More specifically, when a set top terminal in a particular service group requests an SDV program, the SDV manager directs the headend to deliver a unicast video stream to a particular port on the QAM modulator servicing the set top terminal that made the request. In this case the SDV manager does not need to communicate with the edge resource manager in the hubs since the unicast video stream is being sent directly to a predetermined port on the appropriate QAM modulator. The QAM modulator, in turn, delivers a single copy of the channel supporting the unicast video stream to the appropriate service group. The SDV manager then directs the set top terminal that made the request to tune to that particular channel supporting the unicast video stream. This process used to unicast an SDV channel is similar to the process used in video on demand (VOD) since in both cases each set top terminal receives its own copy of the channel. A large bandwidth is needed when unicasting SDV channels. In contrast to multicasting, with unicasting there are no bandwidth savings when multiple viewers request the same SDV programming and, as a result, the bandwidth required to provide many dedicated channels at peak viewing times can be much greater than the available RF spectrum between the hub and the set top terminals.
FIG. 1 shows one example of a system architecture for delivering switched digital video content to a subscriber.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show examples of a headend that can be used to deliver SDV programming to target groups of subscribers.
FIG. 4 illustrates the process of groupcasting using multicast streams between a headend and a hub.
FIG. 5 shows one example of a headend that is configured to perform groupcasting using streaming servers for multicasting the groupcast streams.
FIG. 6 shows one example of a set top terminal.
FIG. 7 is flowchart showing one example of a method for providing SDV programming with advertising that is directed to target groups of subscribers.
As previously mentioned, the selective addressability of modern digital television service systems renders more targeted TV advertising possible. As a result, demographic data may be used to provide different subscribers of the same television program different advertisements that are particularly directed to them. In order to effectively target advertising to subscribers it is necessary to understand certain attributes of the target subscriber, such as demographic and psychograph attributes, and to acquire any data relevant to determining the appropriateness of an ad for the particular subscriber. Such data can include past viewing habits and previous purchasing selections and the like.
The degree to which advertising can be targeted to subscribers viewing SDV programming depends in part on whether the SDV programs are multicast or unicast from the system headend or other centralized location. When multicasting is employed, advertising can be targeted to groups of set top terminals as small as a service group, which is the group of set top terminals that are serviced by a single edge device. On the other hand, when unicasting is employed, advertising can be targeted to individual set top terminals. Unicasting, however, requires a relatively large amount of bandwidth.
As detailed below, a method is provided for delivering SDV programming in which advertising is targeted to specific groups of set top terminals without the use of an excessive amount of bandwidth. More particularly, the targeted advertising can be provided at a level below that of the service group.
FIG. 1 is a system architecture 100 for delivering switched digital channels to a subscriber during a switched digital video (SDV) session. The SDV session is implemented through a service offering in which application level data generated by a set-top terminal initiates a SDV session request and an SDV manager routes data in accordance with the request to provision the service. Among other components, system architecture 100 comprises a content source such as a headend 110 that is connected to multiple intermediate entities such as hubs 130, 132 and 134. The headend 110 communicates with a switch or router 170 in hubs 130, 132 and 134 over links L1, L2 and L3, respectively. The headend 110 and hubs 130, 132 and 134 may communicate over a packet-switched network such as a cable data network, passive optical network (PON) or the like using, for example, IP multicast or unicast addressing. Details concerning multicast and unicast addressing as they pertain to targeted advertising will be presented below. As used herein, advertising refers to any content that interrupts the primary content that is of interest to the viewer. Accordingly, advertising can include but is not limited to, content supplied by a sponsor, the service provider, or any other party, which is intended to inform the viewer about a product or service. For instance, public service announcements, station identifiers and the like are also referred to as advertising.
Some or even all of the hubs are connected to multiple users, typically via distribution networks such as local cable access networks (e.g., HFC networks). For simplicity of explanation only, each hub is shown as being connected to a distinct HFC network, which in turn communicates with end user equipment as illustrated. In particular hubs 130, 132 and 134 in FIG. 1 communicate with access networks 140, 142 and 144, respectively. Each access network 140, 142 and 144 in turn communicates with multiple end user devices such as set top terminals. In the example of FIG. 1, access network 140 communicates with set top terminals 120 1, 120 2, 120 3, 120 4 and 120 5, access network 142 communicates with set top terminals 122 1, 122 2, 122 3 and 124 4, and access network 144 communicates with set top terminals 124 1, 124 2 and 124 3.
In addition to the switch or router 170, each hub can include an array of radio frequency transmitter edge devices such as edge QAM modulators 150. The number of edge devices 150 in each hub may vary as needs dictate. As used herein, the term "QAM" refers to modulation schemes used for sending signals over cable access networks. Such modulation schemes might use any constellation level (e.g. QAM-16, QAM-64, QAM-256 etc.) depending on the details of a cable access network. A QAM may also refer to a physical channel modulated according to such schemes. Typically, a single QAM modulator can output a multiplex of ten or twelve programs, although the actual number will be dictated by a number of factors, including the communication standard that is employed. The edge QAM modulators usually are adapted to: (i) receive Ethernet frames that encapsulate the transport packets, (ii) de-capsulate these frames and remove network jitter, and (iii) transmit radio frequency signals representative of the transport stream packets to end users, over the HFC network. Each transport stream is mapped to a downstream QAM channel. Each QAM channel has a carrier frequency that differs from the carrier frequency of the other channels. The transport streams are mapped according to a channel plan designed by the MSO that operates the network.
Each hub 130, 132 and 134 also includes an edge resource manager 160 for allocating and managing the resources of the edge devices 150. The edge resource manager 160 communicates with and receives instructions from the session manager located in the headend 110.
When a viewer selects an SDV channel using a subscriber terminal such as a set top terminal, the SDV system actively switches the channel onto one of the QAMs that serves that particular set top terminal. The set top terminals are generally arranged into service groups and each of the service groups is assigned to, and serviced by, one or more QAM modulators. For example, in the arrangement depicted in FIG. 1 set top terminals 120 1, 120 2, 120 3, 120 4 and 120 5 are assigned to QAM modulators 150 located at hub 130, set top terminals 122 1, 122 2, 122 3 and 122 4 are assigned to QAM modulators 150 located at hub 132, and set top terminals 124 1, 124 2 and 124 3 are assigned to QAM modulators 150 located at hub 134. Typically, four (4) or eight (8) QAM modulators are deployed per service group to carry the SDV channels. SDV service groups currently include from about 500 to 1000 set top terminals. Depending on the system topology, there may or may not be a one-to-one correspondence between the hubs and the service groups. For instance, it is typically the case that each hub serves multiple service groups.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show two examples of headend 110. The example presented in FIG. 2 is often associated with a headend that multicasts programming to the hubs while the example in FIG. 3 is often associated with a headend that unicasts programming to the hubs. More generally, however, each headend can be used to distribute programming in accordance with either a multicasting or unicasting technique.
Referring to FIG. 2, the headend 110 includes a broadcast content source 210, which may include, by way of example, satellite receivers, off-air receivers and/or content storage devices such as servers. An SDV manager 215 is used to determine which SDV transport streams are active at any time and for directing the set top terminals to the appropriate stream. The SDV manager 215 also keeps track of which subscribers are watching which channels and it communicates with the edge resource managers 160 (see FIG. 1) in the hubs so that the content can be switched on and off under the control of the SDV manager 215. In addition, all subscriber requests for a switched digital channel go through the SDV manager 215. Content is forwarded by the content source to a rate clamp 220 and one or more encryptors 225. The content is then encrypted by the encryptors 225 and transmitted to the appropriate hub or hubs using, in this example, multicast addressing. Typically, standard definition (SD) channels are currently rate clamped to 3.75 Mbps while high definition channels are currently rate clamped to between about 12 Mbps and 15 Mbps. The encryptors 225 encrypt the digitally encoded content, often under the control of a conditional access system (not shown).
It should be noted that the headend 110 shown in FIG. 2 as well as in FIG. 3, may also include a variety of other components for offering additional services. For example, the head-end 110 may comprise typical head-end components and services including a billing module, a video-on-demand (VOD) server, a subscriber management system (SMS), a conditional access system and a LAN(s) for placing the various components in data communication with one another. Also, although not shown, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that other components and arrangements for achieving the various functionalities of headend 110 are possible. It will also be appreciated that the head-end configurations depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3 are high-level, conceptual architectures and that each system may have multiple head-ends deployed using different architectures.
Referring now to the headend 110 depicted in FIG. 3, the headend 110 once again includes a broadcast content source 210 and an SDV manager 215. Content is forwarded by the content source to a rate clamp 220, a streaming server 240 and one or more encryptors 225. The streaming server 240 stores the content and inserts ads into the programming that are provided by ad server 230. The advertising server 230 operates under the control of the SDV manager 215. The SDV manager 215 determines the appropriate ads to be inserted at the appropriate times in the programming. The content is then encrypted by the encryptors 225 and transmitted to the appropriate hub or hubs using, in this example, unicast addressing.
In terms of advertising, multicasting SDV programming allows different renditions of a program to be sent to different service groups. Each rendition, which can include different advertising targeted to the set top terminals in those service groups, is carried on a different multicast stream between the headend and the hubs. Stated differently, multicasting of SDV programming allows targeted advertising down to the granularity of a service group. That is, each service group can receive a rendition of an SDV channel tailored to that service group. However, in practice the maximum number of different multicast streams that can be provided by a headend such as depicted in FIG. 2 is usually fixed because of hardware limitations and may be less than the number of different service groups. In other words, in practice each service group may not be able to receive a unique multicast stream.
On the other hand, unicasting SDV programming allows a different rendition of a program to be sent to each set top terminal in a service group since each terminal receives its own copy of a program. That is, unicasting of SDV programming allows targeted advertising down to the granularity of a set top terminal. The price of this fine degree of granularity is that a large amount of bandwidth is needed. Of course, in many cases this fine degree of granularity is not necessary to effectively target advertising since subscribers can be grouped by various demographic and other means. Unfortunately, the relatively coarse degree of granularity offered by SDV multicasting, which allows targeted advertising down to the level of individual service groups, is often insufficient. Ideally, a service provider would like to offer advertisers any desired degree of granularity between these two extremes.
In summary, conventional SDV multicasting and unicasting as described above do not allow set top terminals to be grouped at any level of granularity between the service group at one end and the individual set top terminal at the other end. In many cases it would be desirable to arrange different target groupings of set top terminals based on any of a variety of demographic criteria (e.g., geographic region, household income, viewer age, shopping history, channel viewing history). Different renditions of a program can then be provided to each of the different target groups. For convenience, this process of providing SDV channels by targeting groups of set top terminals with group sizes between an individual set top terminal and a service group will be referred to as SDV groupcasting.
The SDV manager or other entity can be used to implement SDV groupcasting by delivering multiple copies of an SDV channel to a service group, where each copy carries a different rendition of the programming. Set top terminals that belong to the same target group will be directed by the SDV manager to tune to the same channel when they request a particular program. The SDV manager can implement SDV groupcasting using either multicast or unicast streams.
To implement SDV groupcasting using multicast streams, multiple renditions of a program are created—one rendition for each target group. Each rendition will include different advertising based on the characteristics of the target group. To this end, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the SDV manager 215 includes a target group demographic database 217 that specifies the demographics of each target group and assigns the set top terminals 120 to one (or more) of the target groups. The demographic data located in the database 217 can be acquired in any of a variety of different ways. For example, subscriber viewing history, subscriber geography and subscriber self-reporting in response to questionnaires and the like may all be used to populate the target group demographic database 217. Of course, target group demographic database 217 need not necessarily physically reside in the SDV manager 215, but rather may be discrete or combined with other components. In addition, while in FIGS. 2 and 3 the database 217 is located in the headend, the database 217 more generally may reside in any suitable location within the SDV system. For example, in some cases it may be convenient to locate the target group demographic database 217 in the hubs.
The various renditions of the program specified by the SDV manager 215 are all multicast from the headend to the hubs. When a set top terminal requests the program, the SDV manager directs the edge device servicing that set top terminal to issue an IGMP join request to receive the appropriate multicast stream for that particular set top terminal. The appropriate multicast stream is the stream that includes the rendition of the program that matches the target group to which the set top terminal belongs. For example, returning to an earlier example, one rendition of the program may include an advertisement for low-cost beer. This rendition may be directed to a target group of males between the ages of 21 and 39 living in a household with annual incomes of less than $75,000 per year who spend more than 50% of their viewing time watching sporting events. Without the use of groupcasting as described herein, this precise a level of targeted advertising would have been difficult to achieve unless unicasting were employed.
After the edge device has been directed to receive the multicast stream that includes the appropriate rendition of the programming, the edge device delivers a single copy of the channel containing the content of the multicast stream to the service group to which the set top terminal that made the request belongs. Finally, the SDV manager directs the set top terminal to tune to the channel on which the programming is available. FIG. 4 illustrates this process of groupcasting using multicast streams.
Referring to FIG. 4, two programs are multicast from the headend 310 to hubs 330 and 335 via routers 380 and 385, respectively. One program is represented by multicast streams 350 and the other program is represented by multicast streams 360. The individual multicasts streams 350 1, 350 2 and 350 3 include different renditions of the same programming. Each rendition is tailored to a different target group of set top terminals. When a set top terminal in say, service group 2 requests a program supported by multicast streams 350, the SDV manager 315 determines which target group the set top terminal belongs. The SDV manager 315 directs the edge device (via the edge resource manager 362) to issue a IGMP join request to receive the particular one of the multicast streams 350 that is intended for that target group. For example, the set top terminal serviced by hub 330 and making the request may belong to a target group associated with the rendition of the program supported on multicast stream 350 2. In this case the edge device receives the multicast stream 350 2 after issuing the IGMP request and forwards it to service group 2 on an appropriate channel. In this case router 380 is only shown forwarding multicast stream 350 2 to the hub 330. The SDV manager 315 directs the set top terminal to tune to this channel. Likewise, if another set top terminal serviced by hub 330 in service group 2 requests the same programming and it belongs to the same target group, it too will be directed to tune to this channel. On the hand, if another set top terminal in service group 2 requests the same programming, but it belongs to a different target group, the process described above will be repeated so that it receives the particular one of the multicast streams 350 appropriate for its target group. Similarly, set top terminals serviced by hub 335 requesting multicast streams 350 3, 360 2 and 360 4 are forwarded to hub 335 via router 385.
The process of SDV groupcasting using multicast streams as described above in connection with FIG. 4 allows more precisely targeted advertising than SDV multicasting since set top terminals within a service group can be grouped together into target groups that are smaller than the service groups. One drawback of this process, however, is that the number of target groups cannot be dynamically adjusted since ad insertion occurs in a centralized location. Also, changing the criteria used to define the target groups affects multiple SDV managers serving different geographic regions. Another drawback arises because the headend needs to produce many renditions of a program.
As previously mentioned, groupcasting may also be achieved using unicast streams rather than multicast streams. This process is similar to the process of SDV unicasting described above in connection with FIG. 3, except that in groupcasting the SDV manager 215 directs all members of the target group who request the same programming to tune to the same channel. Since groupcasting using unicast streams allows an essentially unlimited number of renditions of program to be provided, the number of different target groups that can be formed is also essentially unlimited. Therefore, very precise targeting of subscribers can be achieved, yet with a target group having a granularity greater than an individual set top terminal. Another advantage of groupcasting using unicast streams is that the number of target groups and the criteria used to define them can be dynamically adjusted. Since the SDV manager 215 controls in real time the ads that are being inserted into the programming as the program is being streamed from the streaming server 240, the SDV manager 215 can even adjust or rearrange the target groups based on its knowledge of the upcoming ads that are to be inserted from the advertising server 230. Once the SDV manager 215 redefines one or more target groups based on an upcoming ad, the set top terminals that are affected can be directed by the SDV manager to tune to the appropriate new channel for their target group. Dynamic adjustment of the target groups also allows the bandwidth to be controlled. For instance, during times when a relatively large fraction of the SDV resources are available, the SDV manager 215 can form a greater number of target groups to better target advertising. On the other hand, when SDV resources are limited, the SDV manager can consolidate target groups as necessary to conserve bandwidth.
One disadvantage of groupcasting with unicast streams is that a different stream is required for each target group. Although the streams are only delivered when a member of the target group is requesting the programming, the bandwidth usage will generally still be higher than is used in SDV groupcasting with multicast streams since there will often be many more target groups when unicast streams are used than when multicast streams are used.
One way to alleviate the bandwidth consumption problem when groupcasting with unicast streams is to direct streaming servers to multicast the groupcast streams. FIG. 5 shows one example of a headend 110 that is configured for this purpose. The headend 110 is similar to the headend depicted in FIG. 3 in which streaming server 240 is employed, except that now the video streams are multicast to the hubs instead of being unicast. Also, since multicasting is being employed, the SDV manager 215 needs to communicate with the edge resource manager 160 in the hubs since the edge devices must be directed when to issue a IGMP Join request. The SDV manager 215 can flexibly and dynamically create target groups with this arrangement like those that are possible in groupcasting with multicast streams, while reducing the bandwidth requirements between the headend and the hubs. For instance, if two users in the same service group with the same or similar demogrpahics watch the same program, the edge device will still have to generate two unicast streams (one for each subscriber).
One example of a set top terminal 400 is shown in more detail in FIG. 6. It should be noted that set top terminal 400 more generally may be any apparatus such as a hardware card, specially programmed computer or other device having the functionality described herein that may be placed near to or within a television or other display device (such as a computer monitor) such as display unit 470. The set top terminal 400 receives content from cable access networks seen in FIG. 1. Broadly speaking, a traditional set top terminal such as that depicted in FIG. 6 is a device that can receive, store and forward content without manipulating the content in any significant way except to format it so that it may be rendered in a suitable manner.
Set-top terminal 400 includes an in-band tuner 402, which tunes to a channel signal selected by a consumer (not shown) via user interface 404. User interface 404 may be any control device such as a remote control, mouse, microphone, keyboard, or display. NTSC demodulator 440 and digital demodulator 442 are responsive to in-band tuner 402. NTSC demodulator 440 includes components responsive to receive analog versions of a channel signal. A digital demodulator 442, which as shown is a QAM demodulator, but, which may be any type of digital demodulator device, includes components responsive to receive digital versions of a channel signal, and to output video information. QAM demodulator 442 receives and processes digital data packets from one or more digital sources, such as a digital television signal, an MPEG transport stream, or a media stream from an external network connection, such as cable modem 415 (if available), using well-known methods and techniques. Video decoder 444 is responsive to receive and decode video information. Video information that may require format translation or modification for compatibility with capabilities of set top terminal 400 may be passed to encoder 441 for formatting. Video information that is in a format preferred for use by MPEG Decoder/Multi Media Processor 449 may be passed directly to MPEG Decoder/Multi Media Processor 449. Encoder 441 is operative to perform predetermined coding techniques (for example, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and others) to produce an encoded video signal for transmission to MPEG Decoder/Multi Media Processor 449, or for storage. MPEG Decoder/Multi-Media Processor 449 is operative to perform predetermined coding techniques to arrange video information into displayable formats, in accordance with well-known methods and techniques. Internal arrangements of MPEG Decoder/Multi-Media Processor 449 are well known, and may include analog-to-digital converters, one or more storage media and/or buffers, and general or special-purpose processors or application-specific integrated circuits, along with demultiplexers for demultiplexing and/or synchronizing at least two transport streams (for example, video and audio).
An electronic program guide (EPG) 455 is also provided in set-top terminal 400. The EPG 455 is an interactive, on-screen display feature that displays information analogous to TV listings found in local newspapers or other print media. An EPG provides information about each program being broadcast within the time period covered by the EPG, which typically ranges from the next hour up to several days. The information contained in an EPG includes programming characteristics such as, for example, channel number, program title, start time, end time, elapsed time, time remaining, a brief description of the program's content and possibly the names of individuals associated with the program such as the actors, writers and director. The EPG, which is generally received along with the programming content, may be updated on a periodic basis so that the consumer can make appropriate selection for upcoming programs. For example, the electronic program guide 455 may display programs in a tabular format by channel and time so that the user can make selections of desired content. In some cases, instead of transmitting it along with the programming, the electronic program guide 455 may be downloaded via a telephone line, cable connection, satellite up-link, or radio broadcast antenna.
An on-screen display unit 450 is provided in set top terminal 400. The on-screen display unit 450 is used to display information such as control menus and the like as well as information received from the service provider or MSO that needs to be directly presented to the user regardless of the particular programming or channel that the user is currently viewing. In particular, on-screen display unit 450 displays the information provided by the EPG 455. Accordingly, on-screen display unit 450 can forward the information directly to the display unit 470, where it may appear as an overlay, pop up, or scrolling text ticker that is superimposed on the current programming being viewed. Alternatively, the information from the on-screen display unit 450 may even replace the current programming that appears on the display unit 470.
DVR subsystem 460 is provided for recording programs received from the access network. DVR subsystem 460 can control the channel tuned by tuner 402 and record programming on a manual or timer control basis. Additionally, the DVR subsystem 460 can buffer incoming programs to enable a view to pause or replay a portion of a live program.
Set-top terminal may also optionally include a demographics database 480 to store the demographic information concerning the subscriber that is to be sent to the headend.
Set-top terminal 400 further includes a computer-readable storage medium 406. Computer-readable storage medium 406 may be any local or remote device capable of recording or storing data, and in particular may be, or may include, a read only memory ("ROM"), flash memory, random access memory, a hard disk drive, all types of compact disks and digital videodisks, and/or magnetic tape. Various application programs may reside on storage medium 406. The applications residing on storage medium 406 may be computer programs that include software components implemented according to well-known software engineering practices for component-based software development and stored in computer-readable memories, such as storage medium 406. The applications, however, may be any signal processing methods and/or stored instructions, in one or more parts, that electronically control functions set forth herein. Storage medium 406 may also include other programs to provide additional functionality. For example, a network interface program 408 may be provided that represents aspects of the functional arrangement of various computer programs that pertain to the receipt and processing of content and other data over a broadband system.
The various components of set top terminal 400 discussed above may all operate under the overall control of a processor 465. Moreover, it is contemplated that the processor 465, tuner 402, video decoder 449, user interface 404, onscreen display unit 450 and the other components shown in FIG. 6 may each be implemented in hardware, software or a combination thereof. In addition, although the various components are shown as separate processors, it is contemplated that they may be combined and implemented as separate processes on one or more processors.
FIG. 7 is flowchart showing one example of a method for providing SDV programming with advertising that is directed to target groups of subscribers with a group size between individual set top terminals and a service group of such terminals. The method begins in step 510 when a request is received from a first subscriber terminal that wishes to receive an SDV program over an access network. In step 520, the SDV manager accesses its target group demographic database to determine which target group or groups the first subscriber terminal belongs. Next, in step 530 the SDV manager selects (if already available) or causes to be generated a first multicast stream that carries a rendition of the requested SDV program that is directed to the target group to which the first subscriber terminal belongs. The target group is a subset of subscriber terminals serviced by the edge device. The SDV manager directs an edge device in step 540 to issue a join request to receive the first multicast stream on which the SDV program is provided. Finally, in step 550 the SDV manager directs the first subscriber terminal to tune to a first channel on which the rendition of the SDV program is provided over the access network by the edge device.
The processes described above, including but not limited to those presented in connection with the headend and set-top terminal may be implemented in general, multi-purpose or single purpose processors. Such a processor will execute instructions, either at the assembly, compiled or machine-level, to perform that process. Those instructions can be written by one of ordinary skill in the art following the description of presented above and stored or transmitted on a computer readable medium. The instructions may also be created using source code or any other known computer-aided design tool. A computer readable medium may be any medium capable of carrying those instructions and include a CD-ROM, DVD, magnetic or other optical disc, tape, silicon memory (e.g., removable, non-removable, volatile or non-volatile), packetized or non-packetized wireline or wireless transmission signals.
directing the first subscriber terminal to tune to a first channel on which the SDV program is provided over the access network by the edge device.
directing the second subscriber terminal to tune to the first channel.
directing the second subscriber terminal to tune to a second channel on which the SDV program is provided over the access network by the edge device.
4. The computer-readable medium of claim 1 further comprising associating subscriber terminals with the first target group if the subscriber terminals have a common demographic.
5. The computer-readable medium of claim 1 wherein the access network is an HFC network and the edge device is a QAM modulator.
6. The computer-readable medium of claim 1 wherein the multicast stream is an IP multicast stream and the join request is an IGMP join request.
directing the second subscriber terminal to tune to the first channel if the second subscriber terminal also belongs to the first target group.
8. The computer-readable medium of claim 1 wherein the video stream is a unicast stream.
9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8 further comprising associating the first subscriber terminal with a second target group instead of the first target group based on content of an upcoming advertisement to be inserted into a rendition of the SDV program to be provided to the second target group.
10. The computer-readable medium of claim 1 wherein the video stream is a multicast stream.
11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10 further comprising directing the edge device to issue a join request to receive the multicast stream on which the SDV program is provided.
directing the second subscriber terminal to tune to the second channel on which the SDV program is provided by the edge device.
13. The computer-readable medium of claim 7 wherein the first target group is a subset of subscriber terminals serviced by the edge device.
14. The computer-readable medium of claim 7 wherein subscriber terminals in the first target group all have at least one common demographic.
wherein the SDV manager is configured to cause different renditions of an SDV program to be provided by the edge devices to subscriber terminals associated with different target groups, wherein the target groups each include a plurality of subscriber terminals that is less than a number of subscriber terminals serviced by a distinct edge device or devices.
16. The switched digital video system of claim 15 wherein the SDV manager is further configured to cause the different renditions of the SDV program to be multicast to the edge devices.
17. The switched digital video system of claim 15 wherein the SDV manager is further configured to cause the different renditions of the SDV program to be unicast to the edge devices.
18. The switched digital video system of claim 15 wherein the SDV manager is further configured to associate a first subscriber terminal with a second target group instead of a first target group based on content of an upcoming advertisement to be inserted into a rendition of the SDV program to be provided to the second target group.
19. The switched digital video system of claim 16 wherein the storage medium includes a streaming server for providing the transport streams to the edge devices.
20. The switched digital video system of claim 17 wherein the storage medium includes a streaming server for providing the transport streams to the edge devices.


text:
Q: Why am i getting this template compile error? Am learning C++ STL, and am trying out a small program but am getting some weird template error when compiling, my code looks like this;
template<class InputIterator,  class OutputIterator, class Predicate>
OutputIterator remove_cpy_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, Predicate pred)
{
    while (first != last){
        if (!pred(*first)) *result = *first;
        ++ first;
    }

    return result;
}

bool is_manager(const Employee& emp){
    return emp.title == "manager";
}

struct Employee{
    std::string name;
    std::string title;
};

int main()
{
  vector<Employee> v;

  // create e1 to e4
  Employee e1;
  e1.name = "john";
  e1.title = "accountant";
  ...
  e4.title = "manager";

  // add e1 to e4 to vector
  v.push_back(e1);
  ...
  v.push_back(e4);

  remove_cpy_if(v.begin(), v.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Employee>(cout), is_manager);
  ....
}

I try compiling i get;
$ g++ -o test test.cpp -std=c++11
In file included from c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\4.8.1\include\c++\iterator:66:0,
                 from test.cpp:5:
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\4.8.1\include\c++\bits\stream_iterator.h: In instantiation of 'std::ostream_iterator<_Tp, _CharT, _Traits>& st
d::ostream_iterator<_Tp, _CharT, _Traits>::operator=(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = Employee; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]
':
test.cpp:19:30:   required from 'OutputIterator remove_cpy_if(InputIterator, InputIterator, OutputIterator, Predicate) [with InputItera
tor = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<Employee*, std::vector<Employee> >; OutputIterator = std::ostream_iterator<Employee>; Predicate = bo
ol (*)(const Employee&)]'
test.cpp:78:95:   required from here
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\4.8.1\include\c++\bits\stream_iterator.h:198:13: error: cannot bind 'std::ostream_iterator<Employee>::ostream_
type {aka std::basic_ostream<char>}' lvalue to 'std::basic_ostream<char>&&'
  *_M_stream << __value;
             ^
In file included from c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\4.8.1\include\c++\iostream:39:0,
                 from test.cpp:1:
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\4.8.1\include\c++\ostream:602:5: error:   initializing argument 1 of 'std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std
::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&&, const _Tp&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Tp = Employee]'

     operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __os, const _Tp& __x)
     ^

Compiling using Mingw g++ 4.8.1, Windows 7 SP1
What am i missing?
regards
Gath.

A: You never define how an Employee should be outputed.
Just implement the following function and you will be good!
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Employee& e)
{
    /* Print an Employee. */
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You may have noticed, in case you are a new small business owner, that the state of Nevada has laws and regulations beneficial to business. And when that is the case, you may be taking into consideration how you can take advantage of these and LLC Nevada fees your business. There are many elements that you'll need to consider to see whether starting an LLC in Nevada would be the best answer when it comes to the incorporation for your business.
Businesses like to form an LLC in Nevada because Nevada doesn't have a state tax. So, if your business is located in and works from Nevada, and any kind of workers of your business are legal occupants of the state of Nevada, you then might be eligible for this tax benefit. If nevertheless, your business is found in another state and you then opt to register in Nevada, you may be responsible for your business income tax.
If you decide to incorporate in Nevada, your personal privacy will certainly be protected, way more than in a number of other claims. The reason being a corporation's shareholders' names aren't in the Nevada secretary of Nevada's information. Nevertheless, their names could be outlined on the state of Nevada business permit, and they could be listed if you run your business from a different home state too.
As a significant reason as to the why incorporate, companies often think about LLC Nevada fees. One benefit to owning and managing a company in Nevada is that Nevada will not exchange information with the Internal Revenue Service. It can do mentioning that if your business is authorized in one more state, that other state, apart from Nevada, has an information exchange contract with the IRS.
One more advantage to forming an LLC Nevada is due to the corporate veil, or the number of legal liability you would take if your business was sued. The business veil refers to the fact that in legal conditions your company could have limited liability, among the advantages of incorporating. It really is more challenging to pierce the organization veil in Nevada than in lots of other states. This is because an individual in a legal case against a Nevada company must show in court three genuine reasons to be able to get access to your individual property. They are the corporation being under an undue impact, the ethical collection between possession and interest of the business has been eliminated or made fuzzy, which the category of the business as an entity will be regarded as scams under the state which the case was brought. All three should be proved, or the case will most likely be dismissed in the Nevada courts.
If you want to create an LLC, you will probably find it prudent to seek advice from a Nevada lawyer, who can reply all your particular queries concerning incorporating your business. The real processing procedure is filling in appropriate forms and handing them to state authorities where incorporation is done. Filing the papers can be done by employing the services of an incorporating company. These companies fill the documents needed and offer some value-added solutions which include information on LLC Nevada fees and time calendars that change from state to state.
The Medication Shop Information Retail Quality Awards (REX) make every effort to help sellers in determining those brands that could assist them to make a difference in meeting customer requirements.
This is particularly vital with the accelerated growth of the HBC natural products segment, a group that has been growing progressively at double-digits for at least five years. The ingenious Berry Sleepy and Berry Awake berry-based supplements amongst the brands distinguished by the current Medicine Store News Retail Excellence honor.
Berry Sleepy is a powerful, all-natural incredibly fruit-based sleep aid. Berry Sleepy had its begin in Kansas City with two sleep-deprived moms and dads trying to find an all-natural method to obtain some much- needed rest.
Adrienne and Greg Doring had attempted much of the nonprescription synthetic sleep help but were significantly put off by the unpleasant side effects. The young couple decided they would strive to make a far better rest aid, natural without any negative effects.
Through Adrienne's, a pharmacist, the Dorings could deal with the ideal formulators that recognized their goal. It was here that Berry Sleepy was born.
The couple saw the need for their item in the industry as well as intended to help others attain an excellent night's sleep without synthetic ingredients or adverse effects and also enhance the top quality of their lives as they had with Berry Sleepy.
In 2016, with the help of Tim Prier and also James Lacey, the business moved its main office to Westlake Town, The Golden State.
From there James Lacey as well as his team at Healthy Ventures have expanded the Berry Sleepy line of product to consist of a 60-count (SRP 24.99), a 24-count veg cap (SRP $9.99) as well as Berry Sleepy Rest Shots in two fantastic tasting flavors, Strawberry and Mixed Berry (SRP $3.99).
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Blank music manuscript paper vocal ensemble consisting soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. Three systems per page with clefs. Two pages are included. The first includes extra space at the top for title, composer, and other text. The first system is indented with full instrument names. The second page omits the extra margin at the top. The labels for vocal parts are abbreviated.


text:
98 Citations Issued for Illegal Fireworks
By Anthony Saude
Chino – Excitement was growing as the skies were growing dark in Chino and Chino Hills on the fourth of July just before the skies lit up like a, well like the fourth of July, as residents began their fireworks show —legal and illegal.
Chino police wrote 98 citations for illegal fireworks, modification of safe and sane fireworks, and use of fireworks in parks and off limits locations. It was the most citations written by the police for these violations since 2004.
Chino Hills police only issued three fireworks-related citations on America's 242nd birthday after three consecutive years of writing zero.
In 2017 Chino police only wrote 64 citations.
The penalty for offenders could be fines of up to $1,000, police said.
Sale of safe and sane fireworks from noon July 1 to 9 p.m. July 4 is allowed in most neighborhoods of Chino. All fireworks are illegal in Chino Hills and the unincorporated areas of San Bernardino County boundaries.
A new record was set this year when 2,210 pounds of illegal fireworks was seized by police beginning June 7, it included 1,443 pounds on July 4 alone.
Last year, officers seized 1,189 pounds of illegal devices.
If the fireworks explode, fly or do not have the California Fire Marshal's seal of approval they are considered illegal.
Teams of police officers and Chino Valley Fire officials scoured both cities, looking for anybody using illegal fireworks, or using legal fireworks in restricted areas.
Three people suffered fireworks-related injuries; the most severe was to a man in his late 40s in the13000 block of Fourth Street. The unidentified man suffered his injury just after 9:30 p.m. when an illegal firework exploded in his hand, causing severe injuries.
Chino Valley Medical Center also reported two people were treated for fireworks-related injuries.
A 21-year-old man injured both thumbs and a 16-year-old boy suffered minor burns and abrasions on his forehead.
32 fireworks-related calls for service came into Chino Hills Police Department. Fireworks calls began around 6:40 p.m. and the last call was received at approximately 4:57 a.m. There weren't any fireworks-related fire calls received all evening. There was a large bag of fireworks was confiscated as well.
Ten Chino Hills deputies patrolled the city, he added.
A car fire in the parking lot of Harkins Theatre at 3070 Chino Ave in Chino Hills was reported at 10:27 p.m. it was reported to be due to mechanical problems, not fireworks.
In Chino, safe and sane fireworks are legal to use in certain residential neighborhoods, there were 5 fireworks-related fires all reported between 8:51 p.m. and 10:29 p.m.
Trash container fires were reported at 14235 Ramona Ave. and 13157 Ninth St. and a box of used fireworks were burning in a parking lot of Chino Chaffey College Campus at 5897 College Park Ave.
Chino police received 272 fireworks-related calls on July 4, said Chief Karen Comstock.
This entry was posted in Chino, Chino Hills, The Weekly News, Weekly News Top Stories and tagged Chino, Chino Hills, City of Chino, City of Chino Hills on July 17, 2018 by ABC Public Relations.
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This Getting Started Guide focuses on how to become a Certiport Authorized Testing Center (CATC). Teachers and administrators may use this guide to register their test centers, purchase exams, and manage their accounts.


Christine Hobden is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Fort Hare, South Africa. She is a political theorist whose research interests include global justice, citizenship, collective responsibility, international normative thought, and the brain drain crisis. Christine completed her DPhil thesis under the supervision of Prof. David Miller and Prof. Cecile Fabre at Nuffield College, Oxford in September 2015. Her thesis, 'States, Citizens & Global Injustice: The Political Channels of Responsibility', sets out an account of the duties of states to each other, and the consequent responsibilities that citizens of liberal western democracies acquire. Before returning to South Africa, Christine was a Max Weber Fellow at the European University Institute, under the mentorship of Prof. Rainer Baübock (2015/2016). She is currently working on a book project, "Citizenship in a Globalized World".