Thirteen out-of-the-ordinary and surprising places to visit in canada!
Canada is a vast and magical country with natural wonders known all over the world. Beyond the classic tourist guidebooks, however, plenty of lesser-known places offer surprising finds. When you holiday on Canada's highways, you'll want to check out new ways of enjoying breathtaking landscapes, animal sightings, unique cultures and even an alien culture. From coast to coast, Canada has much more to surprise you! Check out these surprising places to visit in Canada!
From behind the wheel of a car and the passenger seats, animal lovers can observe bison going about their lives in their natural habitat. Just take a drive on the Bison Paddock Loop Road during your visit to Waterton Lakes National Park. The attraction is free and well worth the detour. At the junction with AB-5 road, continue on AB-6, and you'll see the entrance to Bison Paddock Loop Road on your left. Read the instructions carefully and drive with caution!
Drive on the longest covered bridge in the world! Declared a national historic site in 1980, this bridge across the Saint John River was considered a marvel of engineering when it opened in 1901. Stretching over 390 metres, it runs between the towns of Hartland and Somerville. You can drive onto it at 365 Main St. A Hartland.
How can you get around on a road trip without actually driving? By parking your car on a ferry! The Kootenay Lake Ferry is the longest free ferry trip in Canada. Treat yourself to a mini-cruise to remember as you're carried the forty minutes between Balfour and Kootenay Bay (or vice versa). Ferries depart every hour from 6:30 in the morning until 9:30 at night. Depending on which one you take, the ferries have a capacity between 28 and 80 cars and 150 to 250 passengers.
Drive 140 kilometres along this highway without making a single turn. Stretching between Regina and Stoughton, Highway SK-33 is the longest straight highway in North America. The drive is a little more than an hour, so put on your best road-trip playlist and enjoy the prairie landscape.
The Wapusk, which means polar bear in the Cree language, runs 752 kilometres between Gillam, Manitoba and Peawanuck, Ontario. Recognized as the longest winter highway in the world, it's rebuilt every winter on the snow and ice and is drivable until it closes in March when the weather gets milder. Make sure to stop at the Wapusk National Park where 40 bird species cohabitate with a thousand bears and three-thousand caribou.
If you're in the vicinity of Calgary, why not "Boldy go where no man has gone before"? If you're a Star Trek fan, you'll know this saying, and you'll definitely want to visit Vulcan. Located between Calgary and Lethbridge on Highway 23, the city became the Mecca of inveterate Star Trek fans in the nineties. From an exact replica of the famous Starship Enterprise to numerous Trekkie relics and a virtual reality game, get your geek on and celebrate the most famous Vulcan of them all: Spock.
When you're in the mood for a different kind of highway experience, drive to Perth County, more than 100 kilometres from Toronto, where an Amish community resides. It's an opportunity to share the highway with horse-drawn carriages, witness well-kept farms and return to a simpler, authentic way of life. It's open to tourists a few days a year when you can get out of the car and discover Amish artisanship, such as quilt weaving and carriage and furniture building.
They've been blowing tourists' minds for eighty years! The magnetic hill roads of Chartierville or Buckland in Quebec and Moncton, New Brunswick, attract the curious from all over the world. When you get to Magnetic Hill in Chartierville, drive to the bottom of the slope, stay in your car and take your foot off the brakes to experience magic. The kids will beg you to do it again!
Pack a picnic and drive to an observation point to do some plane-spotting. In Calgary, spotters watch from their cars on McKnight Boulevard. Also, in Toronto, aircraft lovers park on Derry, Dixie and Airport Roads to see the planes up close. In Montreal, you can get out of the car and watch them take off and land from the bleachers at Jacques-de-Lesseps Observatory Park.
If you've always dreamed of visiting a massive hydroelectric dam, the Highway of Dams offers you two to see! The starting point is the city of Baie-Comeau, where a few kilometres away, you'll find the Georges-Dor Pavilion which offers visits to the Jean-Lesage Generating Station. If you want more, drive 200 kilometres on Highway 389 to check out Daniel-Johnson Dam, the highest multiple-arch-and-buttress dam in the world. Visits are free, but you'll need to bring a piece of identification.
Drive to ever greater heights in Alberta! The province boasts the highest highways and passes in Canada, including the Highwood Pass, also known as Kananaskis Trail, which is the highest paved highway in Canada. To get to it, make sure that it's open to traffic, as it's closed from December to June, and get ready to deal with the altitude! Take Highway 40 which stretches on for more than 730 kilometres through the mountains!
Do you love driving so much that you even have a thing for road signs? Since 1942, travellers from all over have come to Watson Lake to donate a sign from their native city. It truly is a forest of signs that now totals over 77,000! Drive on to the nearby Alaska Highway Interpretation Centre to enjoy photos, murals, audiovisuals and dioramas.
Take a break from getting lost on the highways and slip out of your car. Test your navigation skills in a real maze! Made up of more than 3,000 cedars, it's one of six mazes of its kind in North America. The VanDusen Botanical Garden also offers a lot more to see, such as twenty-two hectares of exotic plants from all over the world.
Over its 9,984,670 square kilometres, Canada offers plenty of surprises for those who love the country. Have you visited one of these extraordinary places already? Could it be that you have an unusual highway spot that didn't make this list? If so, let us know in the comments section!


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Q: es posible realizar una tabla pivote con los modelos de Django? Es posible crear tablas pivote en la base de datos con los modelos de Django?, necesito crear una tabla de ese tipo para relacionar emails y teléfonos de una base de datos en las tablas de empleados y clientes

es posible crear estas tablas?
como puedo hacerlo?
se que las podre realizar directamente en la base de datos pero la idea es que queden versionadas estas tablas también al igual que las que crea Django con un modelo, sera necesario solo con poner el modelo dentro de cualquier otra clase model.py?
gracias por su ayuda y comentarios!.

A: Si es posible, se haria de la siguiente manera. declaras un campo en cualquiera de los 2 modelos, (empleados o telefonos). luego declaras que es el tipo de campo es uno de muchos a muchos, instanciando con el primer argumento el modelo con el cual se relaciona, y el campo db_table seria, el nombre que quieres que tenga en tu base de datos..
Aca te muestro un ejemplo con telefono.
class telefono(models.Model):
    empleado = models.ManyToManyField(Empleado, db_table="nombre_de_tabla_pivote")

para  mejor referencia https://docs.djangoproject.com/es/1.11/ref/models/fields/#django.db.models.ManyToManyField

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Key Features...

3D LED light in the shape of Darth Vader forms the perfect gift to all Star Wars lovers out there

Select between 7 different colors and enjoy the color of your liking

This LED color light lets you select between two different lighting modes

Perfect decoration for at home or in the office

Darth Vader Light

This Darth Vader LED light is the perfect gadget to show off your love for Star Wars and support to the Dark Side. Available now at Chinavasion, this 3D LED Star Wars light is a great accessory for everybody out there that loves Darth Vader and, additionally, is the perfect gift to all Start Wars enthusiasts. With its unique design, this creative 3D LED color light is great to be used as a decoration piece in your living room, child's bedroom, or computer room. By emitting a smooth and colorful light, this 3D LED lamp is sure to set the right atmosphere for any occasion.

The Darth Vader creative 3D LED color light features two different light modes and seven colors – assuring that it will meet the likings of anybody out there. Simply use the light's button to switch in between the different colors and light modes this Darth Vader LED has to offer, and you'll be able to enjoy stunning visuals and smooth colorful light at any time of the day. Its two different light modes allow you to either enjoy this Star Wars light in the one color you love most or to select the automatic color change mode in which it smoothly switches in between the 7 different colors supported by this beautiful 3D LED decorative light.

Coming with both a micro USB port and regular AA battery slots, this Star Wars LED light can be powered either through the included USB cable or with normal AA batteries. Thanks to its 5 Watt power, this Darth Vader light emits a smooth and dimmed colored light - creating a peaceful and calm environment that will be lit up in your favorite color. Perfect as a decoration piece or to be used to set the right atmosphere in your bed or computer room – this Star Wars light is a great accessory for all sci-fi lovers out there.

Crafted out of durable acrylic material, this 3D LED Darth Vader lamp features a safe to use and environment-friendly design. With its absolutely stunning and colorful light effects, this 3D LED light truly is a great gift for anybody that has a fascination with Star Wars or Science Fiction in general. Simply slide in your AA batteries or connect the USB cable to its micro USB port, select your favorite color, and you'll be ready to sit back, relax, and enjoy a smooth and beautiful 3D light effect. With its stunning visuals, this Start Wars 3D LED color light is guaranteed to spice up the interior and atmosphere of your kid's bedroom or computer room.

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Complete the entry form and submit fee of $600 per entered cart.
An instruction packet with key dates will be sent upon receipt of the entry form.
Entrants in the competition may supply their own 32/35 gallon or 64/65 gallon, or a 65-gallon cart will be provided to them by SSI Schaefer Systems.
Shipping to and removal from WasteExpo, of the cart, is at the entrant's expense.
Entrants must provide the name and description of the entry along with the sponsor's logo.
Photos of entries will be posted on the NWRA Women's Council website after WasteExpo.
We hope you enjoy working on this project.


Assess your basic knowledge of Scrum Team development practices.
The Scrum Developer Open assessment is a tool for validating your basic knowledge of the software development tools and practices that can be used within the Scrum framework. Taking the Scrum Developer Open will allow you to create a baseline of your current Scrum Developer knowledge, from which you can start improving immediately. The assessment is free and does not include certification.
The Scrum Developer Open is available to anyone interested in evaluating their knowledge of software development practices and techniques that are often used in Scrum. It is also a useful tool for those preparing to take the Professional Scrum Developer I (PSD I) certification assessment.
Before attempting the Scrum Developer Open assessment it is highly recommended that you review the Professional Scrum Developer subject areas. One way to improve your understanding of the role of the Development Team Member is through our Professional Scrum Developer hands on training class.


BROKEN church: Lerato Mvelase is the domestic maid character, with Busisiwe Lurayi in the background and Bryan Mtsweni at the piano. Photograph by Iris Dawn Parker.
SHE WAS ONE of black America's iconic figures during the turbulent 1960s. And her songs were grist for the protest mill. But that wasn't all. You think Nina Simone (1933-2003) – born Eunice Waymon – and you think of the wealth of beauty and subtlety, nuance and fire that her songs from 1954, represented to music and to popular culture, all over the world. Even if you don't know her history as a gifted classical pianist. As you sit in the audience of Nina Simone: Four Women, you feel your heart breaking around the mercilessly one-dimensional representation of what Nina meant to posterity. She was so much more than an enraged social activist.
On one level, this show is a mystery: if the cast members are immensely strong vocally, which they are, why on earth should they be forced to act? What you get is wonderfully performed songs interspersed with American anti-racist rhetoric phrased at the time of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963. This attack by members of the white supremacist group, the Ku Klux Klan killed four teenaged black girls, setting the world on fire with fury.
Interspersing Nina Simone into the morass is historically logical: this was the context in which her anger spilled from her heart and into her music, but as the work unfolds, offering four types of black women at the time – the Nina character (Busisiwe Lurayi), a domestic maid (Lerato Mvelase), a coloured woman (Noxolo Dlamin) and a harlot (Mona Monyane Skenjana) – the plot is muddied and ideals skirt with fact offering a work which simply tries to do too much, and fails. Are the four women meant to represent aspects of Simone? Her personal history is present in the script, but it is delivered in such shouty monotones, you lose much of it.
In a sense, the marketing of the work feels dishonest: you see the words "Nina Simone: Four Women" and expect a glorious revue of Simone's magnificent songs, including the eponymous classic Four Women (1968) which took the world by its heart and never let go.
Instead, you have screeched pamphleteering delivered with no nuance by the four. The sound is often so ridiculously ramped up that the words are actually lost. And while the bold and clean set offers a sense of order disrupted in the context of a church, it is the fiddly bits of audio-visual elements and two vocal performers in formal Alabama costume squeezed in at the corner that hurts the piece further.
The music is wonderful, but alas, there is far too little of it, offering instead pure rage. It's a great pity. Rage is always a cipher of a period such as the one under the loupe: a means to an end. This production takes the rage front and centre and eventually, your attention wanes.
It's a lost opportunity, particularly for young audience members who do not know Simone's legacy or her work.
Nina Simone: Four Women is written by Christina Horn and directed by James Ngcobo. Featuring creative input by Tshepo Mngoma (musical direction), Mandla Mtshali (lighting), Ntuthuko Mbuyazi (sound), Jurgen Meekel (audio visual), Nadya Cohen (set) and Onthatile Matshidiso (costumes), it is performed by Noxolo Dlamini, Busisiwe Lurayi, Lerato Mvelase and Mona Monyane Skenjana accompanied by Sam Ibeh, Mpho Kodisang, Ezbie Moilwa, Tebogo Mokoena, Bryan Mtsweni and Smanga Ngubane at the John Kani Theatre, Market Theatre complex, in Newtown, Johannesburg, until February 24. Call 011 832 1641.


Penetration testing, colloquially known as pen testing or a pen test, is a way of checking an organisation or companies cyber security by running a false attack on their systems.
Penetration testing, colloquially known as pen testing or a pen test, is a way of checking an organisation or companies cybersecurity by running a false attack on their systems. Penetration testing services can be done on specific operating systems or adapted for a web application to test wireless networks. Penetration testing can be a form of ethical hacking, where information security systems are analysed by a penetration tester to discover weaknesses and flaws.
By studying penetration testing, you open yourself to a lifelong, rewarding career. Application testing is done by almost every company that creates or runs programs or apps for application security, source code needs to be secure for cross-site scripting, and pen testers can even work for the government or NCSC, or even the ISO 27001 to ensure that secure databases stay that way and network penetration testing has to be regularly carried out to check that hackers aren't getting crucial information via wifi or ethernet connections.
Plus, there is a difference between a penetration test, a red team test and a vulnerability assessment – understanding the difference and potentially being able to run them all puts you ahead of someone who learnt from home.
If you're interested in becoming one of the security professionals who keeps our information and companies safe on computers, then studying a course is the best way to get started! Regardless of where you want to work, what your target system is and where you're starting from, there's a course for you, so get browsing and find out how today!


Featuring a score from ex-GTA veterans.
As I make my way through Lost Ember's opening forest section, I can't help but admire how polished it looks. Off the back of a recently successful Kickstarter campaign, I'm playing a pre-alpha build which, besides one brief teaser trailer released earlier this year, is my first taste of Mooneye Studios' self-proclaimed "first big project"—a stylish adventure game where you assume the role of a roving wolf who harnesses the power of possession.
Awakened by a curious glowing red orb, my quest begins as I follow its trail, swirling and swooping into a cavern in front. Knife-edge chasms line the way as I wade through clusters of long grass and rows of blue flowers. I emerge at the other end, the sun blankets the pastoral landscape ahead in a striking yellow hue, and a booming string score overpowers the rush of a nearby waterfall and chirping birds. I burst into a sprint and the energetic melody picks up pace. Not only does Lost Ember look great, it sounds wonderful.
Thought to be extinct for more than a century, wolves returned to Germany during the 1990s, which is where Lost Ember's story stems from. According to Mooneye CEO and lead programmer Tobias Graff, the wolf represents majesty and agility, and its ties to myth, religion and legend—coupled with the idea of nature returning to human worlds—are reflected in the game's story. The aforementioned red orb symbolises the last remnants of an ill-fated Incan and Mayan-inspired civilisation that fell to ruin, and while you're not told the whole story up front, following your companion to the old Machaquila capital helps uncover he and his people's tale.
"On the way, he can show you his memories and in these memories you get to know your companion and what role he played in this old civilisation," says Graff. "You get to know that, what happened, why he did the things that he did, and you slowly begin to learn what your role in this may be."
The demo segment I tackle lasts 20 minutes or so, however Lost Ember's main quest will hit the five hour mark, with optional areas which tack on another couple of hours. Inspired by the Zelda series, Journey and, more recently, Abzu, Lost Ember is primarily about exploration, and while it doesn't have puzzles in the most obvious sense of the approach, the game's central mechanic allows the wolf to temporarily possess other creatures in order to further its crusade.
Each animal has its own skills and special abilities, which sees me burrowing beneath fallen trees and path-blocking boulders as a mole, and soaring above ravines as a songbird—sinking and skyrocketing at will. A quick button tap restores my wolf form and I trot on as before.
Müller suggests that while new iterations of big budget games often introduce fresh mechanics to preexisting ideas, Lost Ember is designed to be a more simplified, and in many ways more refined, experience. Graff admits a combat system in some shape or form was considered initially, but paring mechanics back one-by-one made the team realise anything on top of possession was superfluous.
At present, these set pieces have a proof-of-concept feel to them, but there's definitely scope for more involved, more intuitive puzzle work down the line. What's more the pacing between creature-possession segments is handled well, which is something I hope carries over to Lost Ember's final incarnation. Mooneye hopes to include ten different creatures come full release—"we have different birds and different fish, but we count that as one animal or creature"—which is a number subject to change against the game's final crowdfunding total.
Lost Ember has, at the time of writing, accumulated more than three times its original ask on Kickstarter. Its scope is unlikely to change, though, with Mooneye instead focused on improving what's already showing a distinct degree of promise. "With the initial goal, we still needed money from external sources—maybe the indie fund or external publishers or whatever—but now that we have that and can work on it independently to create more animations, invest more into testing and bug fixing and stuff like that," says Graff. "We can then set of focus on polishing the whole thing before we think of adding lots of new features."
Lost Ember has also already accrued a number of pre-release accolades—including a runners up award in the Best Newcomer category of this year's German Videogame Awards. This netted Mooneye €25,000, which in turn gave it the means to develop its debut project full time. The project has even attracted the talents of Rockstar veterans Craig Conner and Will Morton to handle audio duties. With release planned in early 2018 there's still much for Lost Ember to do, but it can only get better assuming it continues down the path it's so gracefully crafted so far.


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The 10th District
Reparations/Wealth Gap
CCEEP (Green New Deal)
Akil Khalfani for U.S. Congress
Contribute Today!
We call for Reparations Now. As stated on our platform page, the first stage of reparations creates an educational equity foundation by providing free education for all African American up to a bachelors degree. The funding will be used to supplement current Financial Aid programs where appropriate. The second stage of reparations address the Wealth Gap.
A significant wealth gap exists between Black and White Americans. The wealth gap refers to accumulated wealth that is passed on from generation to generation. While whites had the freedom to accumulate wealth over a period of a few hundred years the barriers of slavery and systemic racism imposed upon Black Americans, including income and education, prevented them from taking advantage of the opportunities available to their white counterparts. A black family may have a higher salary than a white family but still have less accumulated wealth. The black family may be the first generation to be able to pass on wealth to their children, unlike their white neighbors who may have been doing so for a century or more. The Brookings Institute reported that in 2016 net worth of a "typical white family was $171,600 while that of a black family was $17,150, approximately 10% of white wealth.
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/02/27/examining-the-black-white-wealth-gap/
The legacy oppression continues to exist to this day. Not only does it exist in the form of the wealth gap but also in the form of disparities in education. After slavery, black people were provided with a substandard education if they were allowed to attend school at all. Many children could not be spared from their sharecropped farms or other wage earning opportunities to attend school on a regular basis. It only takes a quick perusal of census records from 1870-1940 to see the limited educational levels obtained by many people at the time. Lack of education coupled with racism made certain that most black people held low wage jobs. Even now, this trend continues and many African Americans hold low wage jobs that often require them to work more than one job. Working two or three jobs does not allow parents to attend to their children's educational needs such as overseeing their homework or advocating for their children in school. Many parents' own parents were unable to attend to their children's education resulting in a lack of awareness of the need for homework supervision and advocacy in their own children's lives.
There must be a sustained, multilevel effort to close the wealth gap as well as confront the systemic and public policies that fuel and sustain it. Financial reparations would immediately work to narrow the gap. Increased homeownership has been suggested as a means to further close the gap as well. An article published by DEMOS showed that individual choices such as consumption habits, education, full or part-time work, and family structure do not explain the existence of the wealth gap. https://www.demos.org/research/asset-value-whiteness-understanding-racial-wealth-gap
The existence of this gap must also be widely dispersed. A 2017 study highlighted the "vast and persistent economic disparity between Black and White families in the United States, of which Americans seem largely unaware." Their "research documented both the pervasiveness and magnitude of this general lack of awareness and relevant socio-structural correlates…" https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/09/12/1707719114.full
Many people misunderstand the need for reparations. African Americans would not be getting "a free ride". The cumulative effects of slavery, and racism have prevented Black people from taking advantage of the financial opportunities that were rightfully theirs as citizens of this nation. They were likewise denied their unalienable right to obtain an education, work at a job that paid well and accumulate money to pass down to the next generations who likewise had the right to take advantage of financial opportunities in the same manner as their white counterparts.
Financial reparations, will serve to mitigate some of the issues of inequity that exist in the Black community. Yet other forms of reparations are necessary as well. In a historical move, the city of Asheville NC recently approved reparations for its Black residents. Their program includes "investments in areas where Black residents face disparities." The program includes, but is not limited to "increasing minority home ownership and access to other affordable housing, increasing minority business ownership and career opportunities, strategies to grow equity and generational wealth, closing the gaps in health care, education, employment and pay, neighborhood safety and fairness within criminal justice"
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/07/15/asheville-passes-reparations-black-residents-historic/5441792002/
In the end, the Federal government must act to ensure that we bring an end to generations of structural poverty, discrimination, and disparity in health and wealth. At the core of this great American challenge is the history of slavery and its repair and national healing by means of providing reparations for African American citizens.
PAID FOR BY AKIL KHALFANI FOR CONGRESS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Evrofinance Mosnarbank was placed on the U.S. sanctions list on Monday, according to a Treasury Department notice, for supporting Venezuela's state-owned oil company PDVSA. "This action demonstrates that the United States will take action against foreign financial institutions that sustain the illegitimate Maduro regime and contribute to the economic collapse and humanitarian crisis plaguing the people of Venezuela," Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said in a statement.
President Trump's speech will be directed at Florida's Venezuelan community as he tries to appeal to Latino voters heading into the 2020 election.
The Treasury Department said Friday it would "consider lifting sanctions" on those who take concrete steps to "restore democratic order" in the country, as it imposed fresh penalties on five of Maduro's close associates, including Venezuelan Oil Minister and PDVSA Chairman Manuel Quevedo. The move is the latest in a series of steps the U.S. has taken to chip away at Maduro's inner circle.
(Bloomberg) — Venezuela's National Assembly, led by interim president Juan Guaido, voted to select board members for state oil company Petroleos de Venezuela SA and U.S. refining arm Citgo, as it moves to protect the country's assets abroad from embattled President Nicolas Maduro.
Venezuela's embattled president Maduro accused the Trump administration of being filled with a "gang of extremists" who want to take over Venezuela.


Lyrics to the song Limbo as recorded by Bryan Ferry.
This song was co-written by Bryan Ferry and Madonna co-writer Patrick Leonard. The song opened the 1988 tour and hadn't been done live on any other tour until the 2002-03 Frantic tour.
This version of Limbo was given a re-mix by Emilo Pasquez & Pascal Gabriel for the 7" single release. A Brooklyn Mix was on the b-side to the 7" and the extended Latin & Brooklyn Versions appeared on the 12" & CD singles.
The Latin & Brooklyn mix never appeared on CD other than the USA promo.
Bryan Ferry Vocals - other musicians not specified.
This Single 'charted' at No. 96 for one week only.


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https://www.wsj.com/articles/tesla-starts-delivering-china-made-model-y-crossover-11610966805
Autos Industry
Tesla Starts Delivering China-Made Model Y Crossover
Model Y is the second vehicle Tesla is making in China, the world's biggest EV market
A Tesla Model Y at a showroom in Beijing on Jan. 5.
Photo: wang zhao/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
Trefor Moss
@Trefor1
Trefor.Moss@wsj.com
Updated Jan. 18, 2021 12:36 pm ET
SHANGHAI— Tesla Inc. TSLA 0.06% delivered its first made-in-China Model Y compact crossover vehicles on Monday, the latest milestone in the American company's drive into the world's largest market for electric cars.
A local Model Y buyer said he attended a Monday event at a Tesla store in Shanghai to mark the start of deliveries and received his vehicle. Tesla on Monday said via Twitter that "Model Y deliveries in China have officially begun."
Tesla, which broke ground at its Shanghai plant two years ago, rushed to start producing cars there and expand capacity. Manufacturing cars locally helps the Palo Alto, Calif.-based electric vehicle maker save on shipping costs and avoid import duties for the Chinese market.
The Model Y is the second Tesla vehicle that the EV maker is producing at Shanghai after the Model 3 sedan, which the company started delivering a year ago in China—which was marked with a visit to the plant by Chief Executive Elon Musk. As it ramped up production of the sedan last year, it was also building the assembly line in Shanghai for the Model Y.
The Model 3 was the bestselling electric vehicle in China last year, with more than 138,000 sold, according to the China Passenger Car Association—an eighth of the 1.11 million EVs sold nationwide.
The Chinese government has set a target for EVs to account for 20% of auto sales by 2025, equivalent to around 5 million vehicles. Most analysts expect the country's EV market to grow strongly over the next few years in line with that objective. Several Chinese EV startups rivaling Tesla in the country have recently unveiled, or expressed plans to unveil, new cars—including NIO Inc.'s luxury ET7 sedan.
The Chinese Long-Range version of the Model Y costs $52,425, while the Performance version, which goes on sale later this year, is priced at $57,050. The basic Standard-Range Model Y, which sells in the U.S. for $41,990, isn't available in China. The U.S.-built Long Range and Performance versions cost $49,990 and $59,990, respectively, in the U.S.
Gone are the long waits at charging stations: Chinese electric-vehicle startup NIO is pioneering battery-swap systems, challenging Tesla and other rival car makers. Here's how NIO and Tesla are racing for the world's largest EV market in China. Photo illustration: Sharon Shi
Chinese customers can buy the Model Y with a 10% down payment, after which they would need to pay $1,467 a month for the Performance version.
Tesla delivered nearly half a million cars globally last year, according to a Jan. 2 statement, having begun U.S. deliveries of the Model Y back in March. As Model Y production ramps up, China would account for more than 40% of Tesla's global deliveries by 2022, according to a Jan. 14 research report by Wedbush Securities Inc. Wedbush analysts also forecast that Tesla would deliver more than 1 million vehicles next year.
The Shanghai plant had capacity to make 250,000 cars a year as of the end of October, Tesla has said, not counting the Model Y. The site will ultimately have enough capacity to produce 500,000 vehicles a year, according to the company.
Tesla next week plans to report fourth-quarter earnings. Wall Street expects 2020 to mark the first time the company achieved a full-year profit, in part aided by sales in China.
—Raffaele Huang contributed to this article.
Write to Trefor Moss at Trefor.Moss@wsj.com
Appeared in the January 19, 2021, print edition as 'Tesla Starts Delivering China-Made Model Y.'
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COVID-19 HOUSING RESOURCES
ROADMAP TO HOMEOWNERSHIP
HOMEBUYER GLOSSARY
Rev. Dr. Iva E. Carruthers is a founding trustee and General Secretary of the Samuel DeWitt Proctor Conference (SDPC), an interdenominational organization within the African American faith tradition focused on social justice issues. SDPC is both a 501c3 and United Nations Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). She has steered the organization
as a unique, influential and esteemed global network of faith-based advocates and activists, clergy and lay. Dr. Carruthers has a long history of engagement in community development initiatives and social justice ministry, fostering interfaith and racial reparatory justice dialogue in the United States, Caribbean, South America, Asia and Africa.
Dr. Carruthers is Professor Emeritus and former Chairperson of the Sociology Department at Northeastern Illinois University; and, founding President of Nexus Unlimited, an information and technology firm. She is also founder of Lois House, an urban retreat center, Chicago, Illinois. She currently serves on several boards including American Baptist College, Nashville; Bread for the World, Washington, DC; and is a former member of the National African American Reparations Commission. She is a lifetime trustee of Chicago Theological Seminary.
Dr. Carruthers has authored and edited a number of articles and publications in areas of religion, sociology and digital technology. She served as co-producer of educational television programs, was a delegate to the 2001 UN World Conference Against Racism, was appointed to the White House Advisory Council on the internet, "National Information Infrastructure", Mega Project; and the educational software she developed was awarded a ComputerWorld Smithsonian Award.
She holds degrees from the University of Illinois, Northwestern University, Garrett Evangelical Theological Seminary and Meadville Lombard Theological School and is the recipient of many awards and several post-doctoral fellowships.
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Chancellor Bouchard's disappointing and unnecessary intervention in the fee shifting debate
Peter Ladig reports:
Chancellor Bouchard who issued his opinion in Strougo v. Hollander, C.A. No. 9770-CB (Del. Ch.) on March 16, 2015 ... addressed plaintiff's motion for partial judgment on the pleadings that a fee-shifting bylaw adopted after the challenged transaction did not apply to him. The Court found that the fee-shifting bylaw did not apply to the plaintiff in this case, and in reaching this conclusion, made some interesting comments that will undoubtedly further the debate over the proposed legislation to eliminate fee-shifting bylaws and regulate forum selection bylaws. ...
The Court then stated:
As a practical matter, therefore, applying the Bylaw in this case would have the effect of immunizing the Reverse Stock Split from judicial review because, in my view, no rational stockholder – and no rational plaintiff's lawyer – would risk having to pay the Defendants' uncapped attorneys' fees to vindicate the rights of the Company's minority stockholders, even though the Reverse Stock Split appears to be precisely the type of transaction that should be subject to Delaware's most exacting standard of review to protect against fiduciary misconduct. This reality demonstrates the serious policy questions implicated by fee-shifting bylaws in general, including whether it would be statutorily permissible and/or equitable to adopt bylaws that functionally deprive stockholders of an important right: the right to sue to vindicate their interests as stockholders.
Notwithstanding this stinging language, the Court found that it did not need to reach those issues, because the motion before it focused solely on the timing of the adoption of the bylaw.
With a proposal to ban fee shifting bylaws pending before the Delaware legislature, it is hard to see this unnecessary dicta as anything but a judicial intervention in the political process designed to give ammunition to the opponents of fee shifting provisions. Of course, it's not terribly surprising that a trial judge would intervene in a debate that could effect Delaware lawyer incomes and do so in a way that helps protect those incomes, but it's still disturbing.
For my argument that banning fee shifting bylaws is classic interest group legislation intended to protect the incomes of lawyers rather than to benefit society, see:
Delaware's Decision: Viewing fee shifting bylaws through a public ...
Nov 18, 2014 ... (2) What's in the best interest of the key interest group that would be affected by fee shifting bylaws? As we'll see, I think those questions have ...
www.professorbainbridge.com/.../delawares-decision-viewing-fee-shifting- bylaws-through-a-public-choice-lens.html
For my argument that allowing fee shifting bylaws is the correct public policy outcome, see:
The case for allowing fee shifting bylaws as a privately ordered ...
Nov 17, 2014 ... I had been planning on writing a law review article on fee shifting bylaws, but I suspect that events will overtake the inevitably lengthy ...
www.professorbainbridge.com/.../the-case-for-allowing-fee-shifting-bylaws- as-a-privately-ordered-solution-to-the-shareholder-litigat.html
Wha's the point of the implied covenant of good faith? Other than generating fees for lawyers?
"Modern contract law has generally recognized an implied covenant to the effect that each party to a contract will act with good faith towards the other with respect to the subject matter of the contract." Katz v. Oak Indus. Inc., 508 A.2d 873, 880 (Del. Ch. 1986). Accordingly, in Delaware as well as other US jurisdictions, it is now accepted that "the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing … inheres in every contract." Gotham Partners, L.P. v. Hallwood Realty Partners, L.P., 817 A.2d 160, 168 (Del. 2002).
The implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing (hereinafter ICGF) comes up at several points in my corporate law courses. And every time it does, I find myself asking: What's the point? What work does the damned thing do?
Consider, for example, Delaware Supreme Court Chief Justice Leo Strine's recent opinion in Nationwide Emerging Managers LLC v. Northpointe Holdings LLC, No. 441, 2014 (March 18,2015). The invaluable Francis Pileggi explains that:
This Delaware Supreme Court opinion is notable for at least the following reasons:
(i) it provides the latest iteration of Delaware law on the amorphous but important contract provision imposed by law on every Delaware contract: the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. This 32-page opinion reversed the trial court's finding that the implied covenant did apply to the contract at issue in this case. The Supreme Court's reversal is another reminder of how challenging it is to make a successful claim based on the implied covenant;
(ii) many basic contract interpretation principles are explained in this opinion, but one that I found especially notable is that before the court can "fix a typographical error" in a contract, it must first satisfy the exacting prerequisites that would entitle one to the remedy of reformation of a contract, just as if it were a material term apparently.
There is much more to commend this opinion for its scholarly analysis and interesting facts, including the backstory of the buyer of an investment advisory firm who thought it was entitled to millions of dollars in damages because it did not think the seller gave it everything that it thought it was buying. That is not an uncommon complaint, but I still find it interesting that it remains such a common allegation.
Indeed. The inherent wimpiness of the ICGF is nicely illustrated by Strine's statement that:
When a court implies a term in a contract, much less one as detailed as the Purchase Agreement, it must be very careful.
The supporting footnotes explains that:
See Nemec, 991 A.2d at 1125 ("The implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing involves a cautious enterprise, inferring contractual terms to handle developments or contractual gaps that the asserting party pleads neither party anticipated. . . . We will only imply contract terms when the party asserting the implied covenant proves that the other party has acted arbitrarily or unreasonably, thereby frustrating the fruits of the bargain that the asserting party reasonably expected. When conducting this analysis, we must assess the parties' reasonable expectations at the time of contracting and not rewrite the contract to appease a party who later wishes to rewrite a contract he now believes to have been a bad deal. Parties have a right to enter into good and bad contracts, the law enforces both.") (internal quotations omitted); Cincinnati SMSA Ltd. P'ship, 708 A.2d at 992 (noting that use of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing should be "rare and fact-intensive, turning on issues of compelling fairness"); Allen v. El Paso Pipeline GP Co., 2014 WL 2819005, *11 (Del. Ch. 2014) (noting that the Delaware Supreme Court has "admonish[ed] against a free-wheeling approach" to invoking the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing), aff'd, 2015 WL 803053 (Del. 2015).
A doctrine that is to be applied cautiously, rarely, and so on is not a doctrine that's going to do a lot of work.
We see this reluctance in other contexts, as well. In the labor low area, for example, the Third Circuit has noted that "Delaware courts have been reluctant to recognize a broad application of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing out of concern that the covenant 'could swallow the doctrine of employment at will.'" Murphy v. Bancroft Constr. Co., 135 F. App'x 515, 518 (3d Cir. 2005).
The problem is inherent in the test applied by Delaware courts:
Delaware courts often state the test for breach of the implied covenant as follows: "'is it clear from what was expressly agreed upon that the parties who negotiated the express terms of the contract would have agreed to proscribe the act later complained of as a breach of the implied covenant of good faith-had they thought to negotiate with respect to the matter?'" Allied Capital Corp. v. GC–Sun Holdings, L.P., 910 A.2d 1020, 1032 (Del.Ch.2006). Therefore, resort to the implied covenant is only appropriate when the contract is truly silent with respect to the matter at hand, and when the expectations of the parties were so fundamental it is clear that they did not feel it was necessary to negotiate them.
Langley v. Chase Bank USA, N.A., No. 3:10-CV-587-O, 2010 WL 8266202, at *2 (N.D. Tex. Aug. 18, 2010) aff'd sub nom. Langley v. Chase Bank USA NA, 430 F. App'x 312 (5th Cir. 2011).
With all due deference, that test makes no fraking sense. How do you know whether the contract is silent because the parties failed to discuss the issue or because they discussed it and decided to leave the contract silent? This is especially problematic when you consider that Delaware law states that "the implied covenant inquiry initially focuses on the four corners of the contact itself, and parol evidence is only admissible once an ambiguity arises from the text." Allied Capital Corp. v. GC-Sun Holdings, L.P., 910 A.2d 1020, 1033 (Del. Ch. 2006).
Second, if the issue really was so important to the parties, wouldn't you have expected them to address it? If so, isn't silence itself proof that their expectations on the relevant points were not fundamental ex ante?
Third, Delaware law makes clear that the ICGF cannot be used to add terms to the contract. See Aspen Advisors LLC v. United Artists Theatre Co., 843 A.2d 697, 707 (Del.Ch.2004) (holding that "the implied covenant should not be used to give plaintiffs "contractual protections that they failed to secure for themselves at the bargaining table"). So what good is it? If the express terms don't solve the problem and you can't add terms to solve the problem, does't the problem remain unsolved?
In sum, I have come to believe that the ICGF is a judicially created tax on transactions for the benefit of lawyers. It generates a lot of litigation, but rarely changes outcomes, so it does the parties no good, while costing them huge legal fees. And, of course, the risk of ICGF litigation justifies ex ante lawyering by transactional lawyers.
Kill it. Kill it now.
What Josh Fershee Believes About Corporate Governance: Annotated
I'm Catholic. I take creeds seriously. So I was amused and interested by Josh Fershee's statement of belief, which I offer with my annotations:
I believe in the theory of Director Primacy.[1] I believe in the Business Judgment Rule as an abstention doctrine,[2] and I believe that Corporate Social Responsibility is choice, not a mandate.[3] I believe in long-term planning over short-term profits, but I believe that directors get to choose either one to be the focus of their companies.[4] I believe that directors can choose to pursue profit through corporate philanthropy and good works in the community or through mergers and acquisitions with a plan to slash worker benefits and sell-off a business in pieces.[5] I believe that a corporation can make religious-based decisions—such as closing on Sundays—and that a corporation can make worker-based decisions—such as providing top-quality health care and parental leave—but I believe both such bases for decisions must be rooted in the directors' judgment such decisions will maximize the value of the business for shareholders for the decision to get the benefit of business judgment rule protection.[6] I believe that directors, and to [sic; did he mean not?} shareholder or judges, should make decisions about how a company should pursue profit and stability.[7] I believe that public companies should be able to plan like private companies,[8] and I believe the decision to expand or change a business model is the decision of the directors and only the directors.[9] I believe that respect for directors' business judgment allows for coexistence of companies of multiple views—from CVS Caremark and craigslist to Wal-Mart and Hobby Lobby—without necessarily violating any shareholder wealth maximization norms.[10] Finally, I believe that the exercise of business judgment should not be run through a liberal or conservative filter because liberal and conservative business leaders have both been responsible for massive long-term wealth creation.[11] This, I believe.
[1] I concur, of course. See my book The New Corporate Governance in Theory and Practice, especially Chapter 1 thereof. See also Director primacy, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Director_primacy&oldid=621020942 (last visited Mar. 30, 2015).
[2] Again, I concur. See my article The Business Judgment Rule as Abstention Doctrine (July 29, 2003). UCLA, School of Law, Law and Econ. Research Paper No. 03-18. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=429260
[3] I agree with Henry Manne that an action qualifies as CSR, inter alia, only if it is voluntary and "one for which the marginal returns to the corporation are less than the returns available from some alternative expenditure." That definition excludes a lot of stuff that we casually call CSR. But as to corporate acts that meet that definition, I think they violate directors' duties (albeit that in most cases that will not result in liability due to the BJR).
[4] I agree, subject to the caveat that I think too many hedge funds are pressing too many boards to pursue short-term gains at the expense of sustainable long-run shareholder wealth maximization and, accordingly, that boards need more insulation from shareholder pressure. See my essay Preserving Director Primacy by Managing Shareholder Interventions (August 27, 2013). Research Handbook on Shareholder Power and Activism, Forthcoming; UCLA School of Law, Law-Econ. Research Paper No. 13-09. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2298415
[5] Agreed, subject to the provisos embedded in footnote 3.
[6] See my post "Corporate Law after Hobby Lobby"
[7] Agreed. Again, see my book The New Corporate Governance in Theory and Practice, especially Chapters 3 and 5 thereof.
[8] I'm not sure what that means.
[9] Agreed. Again, see my essay Research Handbook on Shareholder Power and Activism, Forthcoming; UCLA School of Law, Law-Econ. Research Paper No. 13-09. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2298415
[10] Agreed.
[11] Now that gets complicated. But those complications are for another day.
Posted at 12:10 PM in Corporate Law, Corporate Social Responsibility | Permalink | Comments (1)
Omnicare through a civil procedure lens
Ann Lipton offers an interesting analysis of the pleading implications of the Supreme Court's recent Omnicare decision, which dealt with whether and when opinions can give rise to 1933 Act Section 11 claims.
Posted at 11:21 AM in SCOTUS and Con Law, Securities Regulation | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tweeting about over-criminalization
Reynolds: You are probably breaking the law right now http://t.co/sMORmEm3CM over criminalization is a growing problem
— Stephen Bainbridge (@ProfBainbridge) March 30, 2015
Three Felonies A Day: How the Feds Target the innocent by Harvey Silverglate is a must read http://t.co/4pELqDVwA2 via @amazon
Posted at 09:17 AM in Books, Law | Permalink | Comments (0)
Delaware's proposed ban on fee shifting bylaws and its application to federal securities litigation
John Coffee highlights an important wrinkle in the legislation proposed by the Delaware state bar to ban fee shifting bylaws and charter provisions:
Fee-shifting bylaws and charter provisions are only precluded "in connection with an intracorporate claim." What is that? Proposed new Section 115 of the DGCL would define "intracorporate claim" to mean "claims, including claims in the right of the corporation, (I) that are based upon a violation of a duty by a current or former director or officer or stockholder in such capacity, or (II) as to which this title confers jurisdiction upon the Court of Chancery." ...
Coffee goes on to point out, I think correctly, that the legislative language appears to have been carefully crafted to permit fee shifting bylaws that apply to federal securities regulation:
Before we assume that the narrow phrasing of Sections 102 and 109 was an oversight by the Corporation Law Council, we need to consider the alternative possibility: namely, that they deliberately wrote it narrowly. Why? This is speculative and may sound cynical, but the Corporation Law Council may have wanted to cover only traditional "Delaware-style" litigation (where the interests of the Delaware Bar on both sides were jeopardized if "loser-pays" fee-shifting were to reduce the volume of such litigation). In contrast, securities litigation tends not to be brought in Delaware nor to involve Delaware counsel in most cases. If the goal was to protect the local Bar, nothing more needed to be done than to exempt "Delaware-style" litigation from the impact of "loser pays" fee shifting.
Because I believe that the bill is intended to protect the interests of the Delaware bar, I find that a very plausible hypothesis.
Coffee goes on to offer a detailed preemption analysis, which concludes--albeit somewhat tentatively--that state laws authorizing (even implicitly) fee shifting bylaws that apply to federal securities regulation would be invalid.
Apropos of which, William Sjostrom has a new article out that deals with the preemption issue:
The Article examines the intersection of fee-shifting bylaws and federal private securities fraud suits. Specifically, the Article hypothesizes about the effects fee-shifting bylaws would have, if enforceable, on private securities fraud litigation. It then turns to the validity of fee-shifting bylaws under federal law and concludes that they are invalid as applied to securities fraud claims. In light of this conclusion, the Article considers whether Congress should pass legislation to validate fee-shifting bylaws and determines that it should not.
Note: The Appendix at the end of the Article includes some data on corporations that have adopted fee-shifting bylaws or charter provisions between May 8, 2014 and March 16, 2015.
The Intersection of Fee-Shifting Bylaws and Securities Fraud Litigation (March 19, 2015). Washington University Law Review, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2580943
I recommend reading both pieces.
Delaware legislative proposals on fee shifting and forum selection bylaws
Could fee fee-shifting be a disruptive innovation that turns Delaware into, say, Kodak - ProfessorBainbridge.com
An Open Letter to the Delaware Legislature re Forum Selection Bylaws
Why proposed legislation in Delaware won't end loser-pays fight
Cooley lawyer proposes bringing back tenure voting in response to shareholder activism
Posted at 01:02 PM in Corporate Law, Securities Regulation | Permalink | Comments (0)
Badawi on "Influence Costs and the Scope of Board Authority"
Adam Badawi has a really interesting new paper out, which I recommend highly:
Here's the abstract:
Economists have long attributed the existence of firms to their ability to exercise authority through a hierarchy. Superiors can command subordinates through fiat and, in so doing, avoid the negotiation and haggling costs that come with the use of contracts. Yet the body that wields ultimate authority in the firm, the board of directors, exercises relatively little of its plenary authority to run the corporation. Boards typically make only a handful of decisions, they meet only a few times a year, and many directors have a full-time job doing something else. This Article asks why boards put such sharp limits on their day-to-day involvement with the companies they control when the exercise of authority is so central to the existence of firms.
To answer this question, this Article draws on recent developments in the theory of the firm. This work examines how firms are likely to allocate authority among different constituencies, and it identifies the dangers associated with intrafirm lobbying. If the people who care most about a decision do not have the power to make that decision, they may exert substantial effort trying to influence those choices. This Article argues that this intrafirm dynamic can help to explain why boards circumscribe their authority. If directors try to exert too much authority, managers may spend too much of their time trying to influence the board rather than devoting effort to more productive tasks. This theory suggests that the scope of authority the board exercises will depend, in part, on a tradeoff between the minimization of agency costs and lobbying costs. This Article argues that this conception of the board's role helps to understand why the movement to make boards more independent has not been a uniform success and why corporate law takes a unique approach to the regulation of agency costs.
Influence Costs and the Scope of Board Authority (August 17, 2014). 39 J. of Corp. L. 675 (2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2579976
Justice Kagan gets off on the wrong foot in Omnicare
What is it about Omnicare, Inc., that generates such awful judicial opinions? The Delaware supreme court's decision in Omnicare v. NCS Healthcare, 818 A.2d 914 (Del. 2003), was one of that Court's worst decisions.
And now in Omnicare, Inc. v. Laborers District Council Construction Industry Pension Fund, Justice Kagan gets off on the wrong foot with her very first sentence:
Before a company may sell securities in interstate commerce, it must file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Granted, she recovered almost immediately by observing in the next paragraph that:
With limited exceptions not relevant here, an issuer may offer securities to the public only after filing a registration statement.
But, as a FB friend of mine observed, why didn't somebody correct the over broad opening sentence?
As for the merits of the decision, Richard Booth aptly observes that "The bottom line is that Omnicare resolves an issue that most thought settled already, while ignoring the standard(s) of care that remain applicable under the 1933 Act." Alison Frankel similarly noted that:
This is getting to be an annual rite. The U.S. Supreme Court agrees to take a case that could significantly reshape the securities class action business. Defendants get their hopes up, loading the docket with amicus briefs calling on the justices to impose new restrictions on the cases. But ultimately the justices leave the status quo more or less intact, to the relief of shareholder lawyers across the land.
Kevin LaCroix has a typically detailed and cogent analysis of the relevant legal issues on his blog. He also reprints a helpful Skadden client memo on the case.
Posted at 06:15 PM in SCOTUS and Con Law, Securities Regulation | Permalink | Comments (0)
Corporate Social responsibility-The Policy Debate- A PowerPoint Deck
Posted at 02:27 PM in Corporate Social Responsibility | Permalink | Comments (0)
Biz Law Prawfs on Twitter: The Updated List
Updated business law #professors on twitter list: http://t.co/gluOFWv36D … Glad to welcome @ProfessorOrozco (FSU Business)
— Haskell Murray (@HaskellMurray) March 18, 2015
The latest M&A neologism
New M&A jargon from Tulane: Bumpatrage. Activists buying block & threatening to vote no on signed deal if bid isn't increased.
— Ronald Barusch (@Dealpolitik) March 19, 2015
Cydney Posner:
In "Seeking a Cure for Raging Corporate Activism," published on March 17, 2015, in the WSJ, the author discusses a technique resurrected from the 1980's that could, on reexamination, be "a bulwark against short-termers who roam the markets, looking to force buybacks or an untimely company sale." Known as "tenure voting," the concept would give investors additional votes if they hold their shares for at least a specified period of time, thus rewarding long-term holders by giving them more say in the future of the company than say, short-term hedge fund activists that may favor short-term profits over long-term business strategies.
The author notes a number of problems with actually implementing this proposal, to which I would add the stock exchange one vote/one share listing standards, about which I have written occasionally, principally in The Short Life and Resurrection of SEC Rule 19c-4. Washington University Law Quarterly, Vol. 69, Pp. 565-634, 1991. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=315375
Posted at 05:39 PM in Corporate Law, Shareholder Activism | Permalink | Comments (0)
"Modern Lessons from the Early History of Congressional Insider Trading"
I really enjoyed Michael Perino's new paper A Scandalous Perversion of Trust: Modern Lessons from the Early History of Congressional Insider Trading (March 9, 2015), available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2575835:
The Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (the "STOCK Act") affirms that members of Congress are not exempt from insider trading prohibitions. Legal scholars, however, continue to debate whether the legislation was necessary. Leveraging recent scholarship on fiduciary political theory, some commentators contend that because members owe fiduciary-like duties to citizens, to their fellow members, and to Congress as an institution, existing insider trading theories already prohibited them from using material nonpublic information for personal gain. These arguments, while plausible, are incomplete. They rely on broad conceptions of legislators as fiduciaries, but provide scant evidence that members violate institutional norms when capitalizing on confidential information, a crucial step for fitting their trading into existing legal doctrines.
This Article fills that gap. Like other scholarship on governmental fiduciaries, it examines the foundational norms in Congress, focusing specifically on an episode not previously discussed in the literature. In 1778, Samuel Chase, a member of the Second Continental Congress, used his knowledge of plans to purchase supplies for the Continental Army to reap a substantial profit by cornering the market for flour in his home state. This Article documents the reaction to the Chase scandal and demonstrates that from the earliest days of the institution congressmen expected that members would not attempt to use confidential information for financial gain. Alexander Hamilton and other critics universally concluded that Chase had committed a "scandalous perversion of [his] trust." This episode and other evidence compiled here strongly suggest that the STOCK Act was unnecessary to hold members of Congress liable for insider trading.
Of course, I was one of those who thought the STOCK Act was necessary. Perino's analysis of the relevant history almost persuades me I was wrong. Almost.... ;-)
The corporate purpose: Strine versus the Modern Corporation Project
An outfit named The Modern Corporation Project has launched the Purpose of the Corporation Project, which has issued The Modern Corporation Statement on Company Law. They've gotten a bunch of law professors to sign it, some of whom are quite good friends of mine for whom I have a lot of respect.
Most of the statement is perfectly anodyne. As for the more contestable bits, I agree with many of them (e.g., "shareholders do not own corporations; nor do they own the assets of corporations. Shareholders only own shares of stock – bundles of intangible rights, most particularly the rights to receive dividends and to vote on limited issues.").
But then we come to the final of the Statement's 10 principles:
Contrary to widespread belief, corporate directors generally are not under a legal obligation to maximise profits for their shareholders. This is reflected in the acceptance in nearly all jurisdictions of some version of the business judgment rule, under which disinterested and informed directors have the discretion to act in what they believe to be in the best long term interests of the company as a separate entity, even if this does not entail seeking to maximise short-term shareholder value. Where directors pursue the latter goal, it is usually a product not of legal obligation, but of the pressures imposed on them by financial markets, activist shareholders, the threat of a hostile takeover and/or stock-based compensation schemes.
This strikes me as demonstrably wrong, for reasons I have frequently expressed here and elsewhere. See, e.g., The relationship between the shareholder wealth maximization norm and the business judgment rule, which explains why the business judgment rule is consistent with the director's' "legal obligation to maximise profits for their shareholders."
But don't take just my word for it. No less a personage that Delaware Supreme Court Chief Justice Leo Strine has just posted an article entitled The Dangers of Denial: The Need for a Clear-Eyed Understanding of the Power and Accountability Structure Established by the Delaware General Corporation Law, which is available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2576389.
There is now a tendency among those who believe that corporations should be more socially responsible to pretend that corporate directors do not have an obligation under Delaware corporate law to make stockholder welfare the sole end of corporate governance within the limits of their legal discretion. These advocates of corporate social responsibility contend that Delaware directors may subordinate stockholder welfare to other interests, such as those of the company's workers or society generally. That is, they do not argue simply that directors may choose to forsake a higher short-term profit if they believe that course of action will best advance the interests of stockholders in the long run, they argue that directors have no legal obligation to make – within the constraints of positive law – the promotion of stockholder welfare their end. But, the problem with that argument is that it is inconsistent with both judge-made common law of corporations in Delaware and the design of the Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL").
More important, pretending that the nation's leading corporate law is fundamentally different than it is runs contrary to the goal of ensuring that for-profit corporations behave lawfully, responsibly, and ethically. Lecturing others to do the right thing without acknowledging the rules that apply to their behavior and the power dynamics to which they are subject is not a responsible path to social progress. Rather, it provides an excuse to avoid tougher policy challenges, such as advocating for stronger externality regulation and encouraging institutional investors to exercise their power as stockholders responsibly. Those challenges must be confronted if we are to ensure that for-profit corporations are vehicles for responsible, sustainable, long-term wealth creation.
In the paper, Strine sharply criticizes those scholars who "pretend that directors do not have to make stockholder welfare the sole end of corporate governance within the limits of their legal discretion, under the law of the most important American jurisdiction – Delaware." Granted, Strine's talking about long-term shareholder welfare, not short-term profit maximization. And maybe you can reconcile Strine's position with that of the Statement's signatories by invoking that dichotomy. But I think those who attempt to do so need to grapple with the fact that in the accompanying footnote (note number 7 on page 3), Strine cites several of the signatories as being examples of those with whom he is taking issue.
The signatories of the Statement explicitly are seeking to set straight "business experts, the financial press, and economists" who hold "numerous common errors in the way corporate law concepts are understood and applied." But to whom should "business experts, the financial press, and economists" listen? Law professors or the chief judge of "the nation's leading corporate law" jurisdiction?
Anyway, my thanks to CJ Strine for kindly citing my work in several places. Now kindly go read it.
Debating shareholder activism with Patrick Foulis of The Economist
The UCLA School of Law's Lowell Milken Institute is sponsoring a Private Fund Conference: The Role of Activist Funds. During one session I will be debating the merits of shareholder activism with Patrick Foulis of The Economist, who wrote that magazine's latest paean in favor of shareholder activism.
I'll only have ten minutes to present my basic case, so let me direct interested readers to my latest article on the topic, Preserving Director Primacy by Managing Shareholder Interventions (August 27, 2013), available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2298415, which argues that:
There are strong normative arguments for disempowering shareholders and, accordingly, for rolling back the gains shareholder activists have made. Whether that will prove possible in the long run or not, however, in the near term attention must be paid to the problem of managing shareholder interventions.
This problem arises because not all shareholder interventions are created equally. Some are legitimately designed to improve corporate efficiency and performance, especially by holding poorly performing boards of directors and top management teams to account. But others are motivated by an activist's belief that he or she has better ideas about how to run the company than the incumbents, which may be true sometimes but often seems dubious. Worse yet, some interventions are intended to advance an activist's agenda that is not shared by other investors.
Of course, as long time readers know, I have frequently criticized The Economist's coverage of shareholder activism, so here's a trip down memory lane:
The Economist is ineducable on shareholder activism ...
Mar 7, 2013 ... The Economist is ineducable on shareholder activism. I still enjoy reading The Economist even though it seems at times to be drifting away from ...
www.professorbainbridge.com/.../the-economist-is-ineducable-on- shareholder-activism.html
Everything The Economist says about shareholder activism is wrong ...
Feb 13, 2014 ... From this week's leader: An analysis of around 2000 interventions in America during 1994-2007 found not only that the share prices and ...
www.professorbainbridge.com/.../everything-the-economist-says-about- shareholder-activism-is-wrong.html
The Economist is at it again, making a case for shareholder activism ...
Oct 9, 2014 ... The latest edition of The Economist is once again beating the drums for shareholder activism. (As I've said before, I love them despite their ...
www.professorbainbridge.com/.../the-economist-is-at-it-again-making-a-case- for-shareholder-activism.html
The Economist remains ineducable on the subject of shareholder ...
Feb 8, 2015 ... The Economist is at it again, with yet another paean to shareholder activism. Or, more precisely,two: The latest print issue has both a leader and ...
www.professorbainbridge.com/.../the-economist-remains-ineducable-on-the- subject-of-shareholder-activism.html
Update: For an extended defense of my director primacy model of corporate governance, which I think anticipated Patrick's criticisms of it, see my book The New Corporate Governance in Theory and Practice . For an additional treatment of shareholder activism in the context of the broader set of corporate governance issues of the day, see my book Corporate Governance after the Financial Crisis .
Posted at 07:22 AM in Dept of Self-Promotion, Shareholder Activism | Permalink | Comments (0)


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The HKTDC Hong Kong Watch & Clock Fair is the largest industry event of its kind in the world. At the last edition, 700 exhibitors from 14 countries & regions showed collections of the very latest designs in a wide spectrum of market sectors and prices. A total of 16,521 buyers from 97 countries & regions sourced timepieces, ranging from trendy to classical styles, to create their new-season inventories with broad consumer appeal.
Brand Name Gallery is firmly established as the home of high-recognition, branded watches and clocks, showcasing around 100 brands in 2010. Opening Brand Name Gallery to the public on the last day of the fair, gives trade buyers the flow-on value of expanding brand recognition and creating anticipation for new season releases.
World Brand Piazza is a specialist display area in the Brand Name Gallery for luxury brands, showing limited edition collectibles and other rare or important pieces. Its debut in 2010 featured such prestige brands as Audemars Piguet, Breguet, Cartier, Omega, Piaget and Vacheron Constantin. Renowned brands have been invited to the 2011 fair to showcase the immaculate craftsmanship and artistry of haute horlogerie.
There are watches destined to be the heirlooms of the future and these can be seen in the Pageant of Eternity. For buyers who are seeking complete watches with timeless good looks and a high level of workmanship, this elite zone represents a sourcing hub of outstanding excellence.
Manufacturers of timepieces of all kinds are well served by exhibitors at the fair. In the Parts & Components zone, international suppliers exhibit of a wide range of quality products.
Influential voices in the international watch and clock industry are heard in the Asian Watch Conference and Hong Kong International Watch Forum.
The Conference offers the chance to share the expertise and knowledge of keynote speaker Jason Martin, a co-founder of the cutting edge, award winning US design studio, NEW. Among the studio's groundbreaking products are the Columbia Altimeter watch and the Nike Sport Chronograph.
The annual Hong Kong Watch & Clock Design Competition promotes the talents of designers in Hong Kong, both established and aspiring.
The Open Group theme, 'Classic Reunion', invites designers to interpret the elements which give watches their classic appeal, while the Student Group will marry aesthetics, materials and functionality in a 'Dream Team' theme.
Now you can locate the right products you need by getting a list of relevant exhibitors with booth numbers and product photos at the fair. Look for this friendly sign at the fairground.
© 2011 Hong Kong Trade Development Council. All rights reserved.
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CSS Gradient Inspector
======================

[![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/rafaelcaricio/gradient-inspector/badges/gpa.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/rafaelcaricio/gradient-inspector)

With the addition of a sidebar to Developer Tools, the Chrome Extension displays gradients applied to the inspected element. Toggle each gradient (which are different layers) individually.

[![](https://github.com/rafaelcaricio/gradient-inspector/blob/master/img/screenshot.png)](http://bit.ly/cssGradientInspector)

Installation
------------

You can install this plugin via [Chrome Web Store](http://bit.ly/cssGradientInspector) or [Opera Addons Page](https://addons.opera.com/en/extensions/details/css-gradient-inspector/).

Development instructions
------------------------

If you wanna make any modifications to this plugin you can use the utility file that can be found at `test/development.html`. It will run the actual extension code in the one page including the javascript inspection code. You can modify the extension code and just refresh that page. This development code was created because it is very difficult to debug errors in the extension when it is installed in Chrome.

You need a webserver to load the `test/development.html` file properly in your browser. You can run:

```
make
```

Then access `http://localhost:8080/test/development.html` in your Chrome browser.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Disclaimer: This blog covers the similarities and differences between brewing beer and distilling alcohol, and is intended to be informational only. Distilling alcohol in your home is currently illegal in many countries, so it is important that you are aware of all laws concerning the production of alcohol beverages in your area.
Scroll down for chart with side-by-side comparison.
We are regularly asked by home brewers if making their own spirits—whisky, vodka, rum, etc.—is all that much different or more difficult than making wine or beer. This is a difficult question to answer because distillation of spirits is a process, just as making beer or wine is a process, both made up of several steps. Many of the steps overlap, whether you are brewing beer or distilling whisky, for example. At the same time, both processes have unique steps that are specific to brewing beer, making wine, or distilling spirits. It even comes down to what you are brewing or distilling.
We've tried to include the steps taken by the most involved home brewer in the information below. However, most home brewers and wine makers should be able to use this guide to judge for themselves whether distilling spirits is more involved than their current procedures.
Please note that the descriptions below are simplified versions of what takes place at each step, and for ease, have been focused primarily on beer brewing and whisky making.
Malting is the process where grain, usually barley, is soaked in water, germinated, and dried. Grain is used as the base for both beer and whisky. Although you can technically do your own malting at home, most home brewers will purchase pre-malted grain from a homebrew supply store.
Milling is a fancy word for crushing the grain. Many home brewers own a grain mill for crushing their grain at home, but most homebrew stores can also crush the grain for a small added charge. So although milling is part of the process in producing both beer and whisky, it is not a step that hobbyists must complete themselves.
Yeast (which is part of a later step) isn't very efficient at breaking down or converting long-chain sugars, and starch is a long chain sugar. Mashing is where you combine your milled/crushed grain with water that's warm enough to activate the enzymes, which chop up the starches into short-chain sugars. This step is generally only part of all-grain recipes. Often, the home brewer or distiller will purchase malt extract, which is simply a ready-to-go alternative.
Sparging is a fancy word for rinsing, and is done to separate the sugar from the solids, and also reduces the potential alcohol. In all-grain recipes where the brewer/distiller mashes the grains, like in the previous step, you will rinse the grains. This step is unique to brewing, where you want to reduce your potential alcohol down to something like 5%. However, when you're making whisky, you are trying to get the potential alcohol as high as possible, so this step is eliminated.
This step is again unique to home brewing, but may be done even if you are not using an all-grain recipe. Boiling is used to extract flavors from other ingredients, such as hops, remove proteins that cause chill haze, and a host of other reasons that do not apply to making whisky.
For simplicity, we are considering simply the mixing of ingredients as part of the fermentation step. Here is where we catch back up to the distilling process, and is the step where alcohol is actually created. Distillation is merely a method of separating compounds by boiling, and then condensing and collecting only those that we want, so we need to make the alcohol first. That is done through fermentation. Aside from all-grain whisky (or all-grain vodka, for that matter), fermentation will actually be the first step in most distilling recipes. So, for those of you who make beer or wine from kits, and will also make your distilled spirits without employing grain, this will be the first step in your process. For example, if you are planning to make rum, you will simply dilute molasses and ferment it, just as making beer from a kit requires you to dilute a can of malt extract and ferment it.
Fermentation is where most problems occur, regardless of whether you are brewing beer or distilling spirits. Fermentation, especially with beer or whisky, is where you have to be extra careful so that you do not end up with an infection, which will spoil your entire batch. To be safe, always sanitize all equipment and utensils used in mixing your ingredients, regardless of the final purpose.
This is the final step in brewing beer. At this stage, fermentation is complete, your beer has partially cleared, and you will add a small amount of sugar. You then bottle the beer in appropriate bottles and store them for a week or two while the yeast ferments this bit of sugar, creating the fizz in your beer. In the case of wine, you will stabilize the wine to ensure that no more fermentation takes place, clear, filter, and bottle the wine. This step is not required when distilling spirits.
While at first glance this method looks easier than reflux distillation, it can be more involved and touchier than reflux, and requires more practice to obtain the best possible product. But, just like home brewing, hobbyists who wish to become more involved in the process often select pot distilling. This method of distillation is most commonly used for flavored spirits, such as whisky, brandy, schnapps, etc. It requires you to control what parts of the distillate to collect or discard based on temperature, smell, taste… and experience.
Reflux distilling is the most commonly used method among new distillers. Just like kit brewing, it is the simplest to learn and get right, and allows you to become comfortable with the overall process. Reflux is most commonly used for distilling neutral spirits (vodka), some rum, and in more advanced procedures and equipment, gin. Most of the guesswork is removed, as you aim to collect a single component- ethanol (alcohol). This will be diluted with water, and can be used as-is for vodka, or you can add flavoring to create anything under the sun.
By aging we do not simply mean setting the product aside and waiting, but actually aging in oak barrels, or in containers with oak, other wood, fruit, etc., in order to alter the character of the finished product. This can take a varying amount of time, and is generally only done for certain types of distilled spirits, such as whisky, and for wine. It is not part of the home brewing process.
To review, a typical all-grain brewer will go through about 5 steps to craft their beer (mashing, lautering, boiling, fermenting, bottling), whereas an all-grain distiller will only go through 3 (mashing, fermenting, distilling). Kit brewers will go through only 2 (fermentation, bottling), which is the same number of steps needed for a similar distiller (fermentation, distillation). Given the overlap in the steps, I would think that most home brewers could easily learn how to distill. In the case of alcohol, you are working with a flammable product, so extra precautions must be employed, but most people that can safely work a stove or oven should be able to safely operate a distillation unit as well. There seems to be a stigma surrounding distilling, that it is either dangerous or very difficult to do, but it's really not much more complicated that brewing beer.


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                        Project 1 - Breast Tumor Evolution

                        Project 2 - The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer

                        Project 3 - Epigenetics in Breast Cancer Risk and Tumor Development

                        Project 4 - Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer

Project 1 - Breast Tumor Evolution

Modeling clonal evolution in mouse xenograft models

Cancers develop as a result of somatic evolution. Deciphering the evolutionary dynamics behind this should provide a more accurate understanding of how cancers arise and enable more intelligent approaches toward anti-cancer therapies. However, this area receives almost no experimental attention, and our understanding of clonal evolution in cancers is very rudimentary. To address this deficiency, we have developed a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancers that allows us to follow dynamics of clonal competition in genetically heterogeneous tumors.

Intratumor heterogeneity and metastasis

Metastatic dissemination of cancer cells is the most prominent cause of death due to breast cancer. Recent work in this field has established that the progression of metastatic invasion from the primary tumor to distant locations (such as bone, lungs, and brain) depends on heterogeneous interactions of cancer cells with each other and with cells composing the microenvironment. We aim to elucidate some of the factors and mechanisms that influence metastatic co-operation between cancer cells and their environment in order to fully understand the metastatic cascade and aid in the development of therapies that address this phenomenon.

Diversity in human breast tumors

Intra-tumor genetic and phenotypic diversity may predict the risk of breast cancer progression and response to treatment. To deepen our understanding of these factors, we have been defining intra-tumor diversity using immuno-FISH and ecological models in breast tumors at different progression stages (i.e., in situ, invasive, metastatic), and before and after chemotherapy or targeted (e.g., antu-Her2) treatment.

Mission

The Polyak Lab is dedicated to the molecular analysis of human breast cancer.

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1 Welcome to the Project 5: Sightseer Community Server for GamingOnLinux!
1.6 Who is currently playing?
Welcome to the Project 5: Sightseer Community Server for GamingOnLinux!
Raiding and killing must be kept within the bounds of friendly game play.
If the activity incites revenge or hatred then it has violated this rule and will not be tolerated.
Use your best judgment, respect others, and when in doubt ask questions.
Higher research cost. Reason: Slower progression gives the server a longer life before wipe is needed.
Higher tolerance for pollution. Pollution can go up to 50% before Bad Things™ start happening.
Max 10 outposts pr player. This is twice as high as the official servers. Reason: Make it easier for solos and small groups.
Fun fact: We've already had over 40 unique players within the first 24 hours of online time.
Telegram. You'll find me in the Gaming on Linux group under the name "Ole Erik"
This page was last modified on 16 December 2017, at 01:09.


How do you feel about Street Racing?
so skol'ki let mozhno na skytere?
Who drove the Audi A-6. What are the pros and cons, generally a worthwhile car?
How to buy a good car for 15 000$?
What kind of car the Expressway and fast I WONDER?
How can I use the serial immobilizer t/C lock?
The campaign I understand why people go to sea to rest from the traffic jams!
which choice is better model car Mercedes or Oka?
Help to find the engine KIA Sportage,diesel,93g,volume 2.2, pliz!!!
I once almost fell asleep at the wheel on the go.And have you ever done that?
Renault Logan is a good car?
Is there a direct correlation between love girls and brand of car?
Why is it necessary to warm up the car?
as you mazda mx-3? what are the reviews?
What car is better to buy for a certain amount of our newer or older ?
People who are engaged in chip tuning?
What are the rules of customs clearance?
What do You think about Ford (Vsevolzhsk)?
What to take VOLVO 740 or 760?
Girls, has anyone ezdiet on the Toyota Celica?
where to buy new VAZ 21093i?
Fear of driving can win?


If you've been thinking about gastric sleeve surgery in El Paso, it's important to understand how the process works in the long term. One of the most effective and efficient ways to lose excess weight, gastric sleeve surgery or gastrectomy is a huge step toward achieving a healthier lifestyle.
Of course, surgery isn't the be-all, end-all of your weight loss program. In fact, it could be said the actual work of losing weight begins post-surgery. In order to ensure you keep the weight off and continue on the path to wellness, you have to put in considerable work and effort.
Here are some ideas on how to ensure any weight you lose via gastric sleeve surgery in El Paso stays off for good.
Diet always plays a major role in any weight loss program, and it's no different with gastrectomy. In most cases, you should limit yourself to only three meals a day and no snacking. Your doctor can tell you the specifics. In general, you want to increase your protein intake and reduce your consumption of fats and carbohydrates.
Another common component of any weight loss program is water. You need to consume a lot of water regularly as well. While in moderation they are allowed, coffee, tea, soda and juice don't count toward your water consumption.
You should also avoid flavored drinks or any type of beverage with calories. In addition to packing on the pounds, these will kick your appetite into overdrive and cause you to eat more.
Of course, exercise is the other key component to successful weight loss post-gastrectomy. As soon as you are able to, consider easing into an exercise program recommended by your doctor. Remember, any weight lost as a result of gastric sleeve surgery in El Paso will only stay off if you work on it.


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Base Guitarists On The L Train
Was riding the L Train from 14th Street to 8th ave, and overheard these two musicians talking to each other....."man, I gave the dude some money! he was good!..." said one of them, as he was commenting on a subway musician he'd just heard. ".....not me ...." said the other, ".....wouldnt even shake his hand, it's a Bad Omen!" I couldnt resist lookin at the face of someone who said something so outrageous, and started drawin him. He noticed me drawin him and then HE took out a sheet of paper and started drawing me! I took it in stride and when I completed my sketch showed it to him and gave it to him. I liked the fact that his face had this sullen intense look which reminded me of Steve McQueen. He had a great sense of humour though, in spite of his intense look and he laughed and handed me his drawing. His fellow base player felt left out and made a subtle request to have his picture done also. He spoke with a southern drawl and when i looked at him he kinda reminded me of actor, Tommy Lee Jones. He had that Kind of vibe. Visually he had features like his bud, that were "made" for caricatue. Slicked back hair, intense blue eyes, cheekbones that looked like handballs when he grinned, and that classic "BUTT CHIN" we caricaturists love to make fun of. I handed him the picture and he loved it. As they got off I very quickly made copies for myself that Im posting here. I really wish these guys luck as musicians, they definitely have a signiture look that should carry them places.
Posted by Elgin Subwaysurfer Bolling at 10:26 AM
ARTIST SPOTLIGHT SAM KLEMKE
Been wanting to feature Sam klemke for a long time of this blog. Sam is the eptome of what a caricature artist is. He makes his living purely as a caricature artist, travels around the country from state to state where ever there is a fair, a party, a Bar Bat Mitzvah, or even the Opening of an envelope, Sam is there drawing caricatures and smoozin the crowd.
Sam is first off VERY good. SCAREY GOOD in fact. When I first got into the caricature biz many moons ago, I discovered Sam's work in the NCN's Trade Magazine, "EXAGGERATED FEATURES" where he was the comic artist who did hilarious, sometimes thought provoking comics on NCN Convention events, as well as his wacky adventures as a traveling caricature artist. Within the pages of his comics Sam would sometimes get philosophical about what it means to him to be an artist, the trials and tribulations of our profession and even the potential dangers! There's one cartoon where he writes about the time he was mugged in his Van which is hilarious. Thank God He survived or we would have lost a great artist.Sam's depictions of the various caricature artists of the NCN, now known as the ISCA, International Society of Caricature Artists, are always spot on accurate. If he had the inclination and opportunity,Sam could easily be a MAD Magazine cartoonist.
In addition to being a great draftsman, which would be scarey enough, Sam is also a born entertainer. Ive met few people who can out talk and out smooze me into complete silence, but Sam is a master at hitting all the right notes verbally, and can literally drown you in a barrage of verbage, making you laugh yourself to death as youre going under.
Sam's caricature adventures can be found in his book, A PARTY OF ONE which he sells on his website. I personally had him sign my copy at a convention and he had did one better and drew a caricature of me on the back with a SHARPIE!!
Sam is also a film maker and has more hilarious stuff on youtube that you can find by following this youtube link if you double click on the film Ive posted.
I definitely count Sam as one of my inspirations for wanting to do autobiographical comics, and Im sure anyone else who views his stuff will be equally inspired.
Now that Ive done enough brown nosing, I think I'll go and wash my face... the smell is beginning to get to me....


One hundred MBA students from the world's best business schools are in Cape Town this week to attend the 5th MBA World Summit – an event that seeks to empower exceptional students to act as global change agents and contribute their collective experience toward changing the world for the better.
With a focus on creating impact, the Summit aims to leave a lasting legacy for local communities. Participants will be paired with 30 local entrepreneurs to collaboratively explore short, medium and long-term practical solutions for their business obstacles and challenges, particularly in a township environment.
Hosted by the UCT Graduate School of Business (GSB) in Cape Town from the 14-16 March, this is the first time the event is being held in Africa. Participants will split their time between the school's campus at the V&A Waterfront and its satellite site embedded in the community of Philippi.
Dr Kutlwano Ramaboa, Director of International Relations at the GSB, says that the school is well placed to host a Summit that combines global thinking with local relevance.
This year's Summit is made up of participants from 39 international business schools, including five students from the GSB, and two from the University of Pretoria's Gordon Institute of Business Science. Each year a maximum of 100 students are selected from over 2 000 applicants who undergo a rigorous multi-stage selection process.
Yannick Reiss, Co-founder of the Summit, believes that the essence of the Summit rests on the diversity of its participants. This diversity creates a space for collaboration, global networking, peer-learning and a multi-disciplinary approach to global problems. "We have selected MBAs who are not only excellent in their practical experience, and academic background, but who are people who want to change something in life, who really want to have impact," he says.
As this year's event takes place in Cape Town, Ledwaba feels it is an opportunity to do things differently and expose participants to South Africa's unique context. Students will spend two days at the GSB satellite site in the community of Philippi (GSB Solution Space-Philippi) a space that was established to enhance the school's commitment to developing socially relevant solutions to South African challenges.
Local entrepreneurs participating in the event will bring real-life challenges to the table and will engage with the students in an intensive, facilitated process. The collaboration will initiate an 11-month programme, designed and managed by the GSB Solution Space-Philippi, giving the Summit and stakeholders the opportunity to track the real impact made in these businesses and communities.


Therapy Equipment were delighted to be selected as the Suction, Oxygen Therapy equipment supplier at the new £19 Million East Ridings Community Hospital in Beverley.
The 30 bed facility, on Swinemoor Lane, includes a minor injuries unit and a GP out-of-hours service. It serves the communities of Driffield, West Wolds, Beverley and Hornsea.