For would-be homebuyers with student loan debt, FHA-backed mortgages can be a welcome shortcut to achieving the dream of homeownership.
That's because FHA lenders don't require you to save up to make a big down payment. FHA loans are available to borrowers putting down as little as 3.5 percent of a home's purchase price, compared to the 20 percent you'd need to take out a conventional mortgage without private mortgage insurance.
Now there's good news for student loan borrowers who are looking to become homeowners. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has backed off on rules introduced last year that made it difficult for many borrowers with deferred student loans to qualify for an FHA-backed mortgage.
One way to qualify for a mortgage is to lower the DTI associated with your average student loan payment. You can do this by extending your loan term, either by enrolling in a government program or refinancing with a private lender.
Credible helps borrowers compare refinance options with multiple private lenders in minutes. No fees and no impact to your credit score to check rates.
It used to be that if you had deferred student loan debt, FHA lenders didn't have to take that into account when calculating your debt-to-income ratio (DTI). In the fall of 2015, HUD decided that if a would-be homebuyer's student loans were in deferment, FHA lenders would still have calculate DTI as if they were making monthly payments on that debt equal to 2 percent of the outstanding balance.
In other words, if you had $25,000 in deferred student loans, an FHA lender would have to assume you were paying $500 a month to retire that debt when calculating your DTI — even if you were paying nothing.
In recognition of the fact that the 2015 rule change on deferred student loan debt was causing problems for young borrowers, HUD has revised the formula, cutting the assumed monthly payment on deferred student loans by half.
If you've got student loans in deferment, the new rule allows FHA lenders to assume that you're paying 1 percent of the balance each month for the purposes of calculating DTI. So if you have $25,000 in deferred student loans, an FHA lender will add $250 to your assumed monthly debt obligations, instead of $500 under the old rule.
(For all the fine print on the new rules, see HUD's April 13, 2016 letter to FHA lenders).
The rule change could make it harder to qualify for borrowers who are paying down five-figure student loan debt in an extended or income-driven repayment plan to qualify for an FHA mortgage. That's because the monthly payment in such plans may be less than 1 percent of the outstanding loan balance.
A borrower paying down $40,000 in student loan debt in a 25-year extended repayment program would have a monthly payment of about $218 a month. But under the new rule, FHA lenders will have to assume their monthly obligation is $400 a month.
Whether or not it's wise for someone carrying five-figure student loan debt to take on additional obligations depends on the borrower.
An analysis of Credible user data found that a $1,344 monthly mortgage payment could add 9.5 percentage points to the DTI of a borrower holding a graduate degree in medicine, compared to 40.3 percent for a borrower with an undergraduate psychology degree.
Keep in mind that FHA loans carry insurance premiums. You'll pay an "upfront mortgage insurance premium" equal to 1.75 percent of your base mortgage amount, and 0.80 to 1.05 percent a year in annual insurance premiums until you pay off or refinance your loan. Although the premiums aren't a huge burden because they're incorporated into your monthly mortgage payments, that's money out of your pocket that you wouldn't pay if you were putting 20 percent down.
Loans guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will have the same issue. If you're making a down payment less than 20 percent, Fannie and Freddie typically require private mortgage insurance. Although HUD slashed FHA annual premiums last year, borrowers with good credit may find that private mortgage insurance is cheaper.
Even though many are loaded down with student loan debt, millennials aren't letting that stop them from buying homes. Many states have special programs that can help you realize your dream of homeownership — some are targeted specifically at student loan borrowers (for more on how to find programs in your area, see "These states help student loan borrowers become homeowners").
One way to lower the DTI associated with your average student loan payment is to extend your loan term, either by enrolling in a government program or refinancing with a private lender.
Federal student loans are eligible for income-driven repayment plans that can stretch loan terms out to 20 or 25 years. If you're not reducing your interest rate, stretching out your loan term can also increase the total interest you'll pay over the life of your loans.
Many borrowers can qualify to lower the rate on their student loans is by refinancing with a private lender. Lenders competing to refinance student loans through the Credible platform. Borrowers with good credit and selecting loans with shorter repayment terms will get the best offers.
Borrowers who have used Credible to refinance into a loan with a longer loan repayment term have secured rate reductions averaging 1.36 percentage points, and reduced their student loan payments by $209 a month. If you can prequalify for a $300,000 home loan and then trim $209 off your monthly student loan payment, you'll boost your mortgage borrowing limit to around $340,000.
Keep in mind that if you refinance federal student loan debt with a private lender, you'll lose some borrower benefits like loan forgiveness and access to income-driven repayment programs. Do your research.


text:
Q: Referencing Local File, How to Receive Resources.NotFoundException? Given the following example (below) that will load a json file locally. Is there a chance of Resources.NotFoundException? If you reference a file that does not exist you receive a compile error. Furthermore, lets say that you somehow get passed the compile error, is managing this exception worth it? Presuming that you want to know when there is an issue like this (without masking/handling it)?
public static String loadJsonFromAsset(@NonNull Context context, int id) {
    String json;
    // open a data stream for reading a raw resource
    InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(id);
    try {
        // estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or skipped over) from this
        // input stream
        byte[] buffer = new byte[is.available()];
        is.read(buffer);
        // constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified
        // charset set String representation of json
        json = new String(buffer, UTF);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        Logger.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    } finally {
        try {
            is.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Logger.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    return json;
}

If it is the case that this needs to be handled, should inputStream be checked for null? Because the lint warnings will come up saying that it is an impossibility for inputStream to be null. But if you pass in an id that does not exist, it is a possibility. Which, again, leads me to believe that Resources.NotFoundException is a useless check because compile exception prevents the scenario all together.

A: ResourceNotFoundException for id 0x0000 is caused if you have resource identifiers as raw-s480, raw-hdpi and so on, and trying to reach one file trough a device that does not met any especified qualifier.
You can also add a default folder (without qualifiers like raw) to users fallback if they dont met any other specific requirements

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Emory School of Medicine names new chair of orthopaedics
Woodruff Health Sciences Center | Aug. 14, 2018
Holly Korschun
hkorsch@emory.edu
Scott Boden
Get Back to It: Emory Sports Medicine Complex May 1, 2018
Emory Healthcare Innovation Hub
Health, Emory Healthcare, School of Medicine, Woodruff Health Sciences Center
Emory University School of Medicine has named Scott D. Boden, MD, Chair of the Department of Orthopaedics and Chief of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Medicine for Emory Healthcare. Boden has served as interim chair since February 2018, and he follows former chair James Roberson, MD.
Boden is a professor of orthopaedic surgery, director of the Emory Orthopaedics and Spine Center, chief medical officer/chief quality officer of Emory Orthopaedics and Spine Hospital, and vice president of business innovation for Emory Healthcare. He has been at Emory since completing his spine surgery fellowship in 1992.
As chair, Dr. Boden will provide leadership in all clinical, educational and research endeavors involving orthopaedics. He also will work closely with Emory Healthcare leadership to ensure high quality patient care and to coordinate services across all medical facilities.
Boden's collaborative spirit and commitment to innovation are evidenced by his leadership roles in various initiatives, including development of the Emory Sports Medicine Complex, strategic partnerships with the Atlanta Hawks, Braves, Falcons, Dream and other corporate entities, and the affiliation between Emory Healthcare and Walmart on employee health, spine surgery and joint replacement surgery. Boden also is a driving force behind the Emory Healthcare Innovation Hub set to launch on September 1.
An accomplished spine surgeon and researcher, Boden is considered a visionary in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. His research has most recently focused on the development of small molecules to promote bone and cartilage regeneration. Boden was recently named principal investigator for a $13 million grant from the Marcus Foundation to support a multicenter clinical trial studying various stem cell options to treat osteoarthritis.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Open source software is often an unsung hero in the online gaming universe. Game engines are complex applications with core functionalities provided by numerous modules. These include a rendering engine for 2-D or 3-D graphics and a physics engine or collision detection and response calculator. In addition, game developers have to provide for sound, scripting, animation, artificial intelligence, networking, streaming, memory management, threading and a scene graph.
Behind the scenes, open source graphics rendering engines and game development engines power some of the most popular boxed and online games. Open source is not just the power behind the games. It's very likely that any given online game back-end system relies on software developed by the open source Apache project.
A quick keyword search for graphics rendering engines draws a list of several dozen open source communities. Depending on which review sources you follow, the top 10 most popular game engines can turn up in different rankings, much as the drivers on a NASCAR leader board of drivers changes from race to race.
Even so, the prominence of open source among game developers is not as universal as one might believe. Especially at some of the most heavily trafficked online game Web sites, proprietary graphics engines are more the rule than the exception.
"The gaming world still is largely afraid of open source. The feature set is often behind that of proprietary offerings. Game companies sometimes worry about getting support beyond the community," Todd Northcutt, director of GameSpy Technology, told LinuxInsider.
One thing that game developers consider in selecting the source code is the type of game the players will see. Games that share similar risk properties will usually not rely on open source.
"One big example of this is ... 'World of Warcraft.' It has money involved. Another example is online poker Web sites. Open source is very well known, sure. But developers of those types of games are not using open source," Gary McGraw, CTO of security firm Cigital.com, told LinuxInsider.
In principal, no real reason exists for open source not be used by these companies. But some of the largest game developers remain convinced that an open source solution would be less secure.
"You can't buy an open source security thing and add it on. That would not be able to withstand attacks and cheating. Game operators need to properly control these aspects," McGraw said. "When building your system to sell, you have to have confidence in it. Open Source doesn't always do that."
Shunning open source game rendering components is a big mistake large game-making companies make because it causes them to spend millions of dollars in their own research and development for nothing, according to Emma McGrattan, senior vice president for engineering at Ingres.
"Lots of open source gaming engines exist. Shame on the big guns for not using them," she told LinuxInsider. Ingres provides open source information management services to enterprise customers.
Avoiding open source is a typical mentality of large gaming company executives. They subscribe to the notion that if they build it themselves, it will be the best game in the industry, she said.
"Gaming engines are like Lego blocks. It's what you do with them, open source or otherwise," McGrattan said. "It takes some companies (US)$3.7 million to develop their games. That's money down the toilet."
Whether a game developer uses open or closed source for the rendering job, what the game player sees on the computer screen is a closed source product. The players likely will not know what's running it, noted McGrattan.
She sees a trend developing in which game developers are slowly accepting the idea that game engines are commodities. It's too costly to continue in-house development of a proprietary module. Sooner or later, all companies will recognize the benefits of using open source tools to get to market, she said.
"The secret sauce is not what's in the engine. It is what you do with it," she stated.
GameSpy Technology is the technology development division of IGN and develops multiplayer gaming applications. GameSpy uses the open source Speex Voice codec for the voice overlay in its game consoles, according to Northcutt.
GameSpy also uses the open source physics solution Bullet Physics to calculate collisions. Even though the company develops the rest of the game platform, it frequently uses open source communities for tech support.
Despite that success with open source game components, Northcutt sees serious shortcomings in relying on other open source game components, such as graphics engines, for game development.
"Open source mostly has been used to solve small problems that are well known. The cutting edge in open source is not easily solving game rendering problems," said Northcutt.
LinuxInsider contacted some of the major online game companies to find out what runs their games; however, attempts to generate a list of who uses open source modules met with polite refusals.
Delta3D: Delta3D is a fully-featured game engine which can be used for games, simulations or other graphical applications. Its modular design integrates other open source projects such as Open Scene Graph, Open Dynamics Engine, Character Animation Library, and OpenAL. It integrates them into an easy-to-use application programming interface.
NeoEngine: NeoEngine is a fully featured open source 3-D game engine released under the General Public License with options of acquiring commercial and support licenses. The engine is multiplatform, featuring OpenGL and DirectX rendering with support for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. It provides functionality for scene management, vertex and pixel shaders, skeletal animation and physics, scripting and a fully integrated tool chain.
Irrlicht Engine: The Irrlicht Engine is an open source, high-performance real time 3-D engine written and usable in C++ and also available for .Net languages. A cross-platform design, it uses D3D, OpenGL and its own software renderer. Its features are comparable to those found in commercial 3-D engines.
OGRE (Object-Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine): OGRE is a scene-oriented, flexible 3-D engine written in C++ designed for applications utilizing hardware-accelerated 3-D graphics. The class library abstracts all the details of using the underlying system libraries like Direct3D and OpenGL and provides an interface based on world objects and other intuitive classes.
Speex: Speex is an open source/free software, patent-free audio compression format designed for speech. The Speex Project aims to lower the barrier of entry for voice applications by providing a free alternative to expensive proprietary speech codecs. Speex is well-adapted to Internet applications and provides useful features that are not present in many other codecs. It is part of the GNU Project and is available under the revised BSD license.
Bullet: The Bullet 3-D Game Multiphysics Library provides state-of-the-art collision detection, soft body and rigid body dynamics. It is used by many game companies in AAA titles on Playstation 3, XBox 360, Nintendo Wii and PC. The Library is free for commercial use and open source under the ZLib License.
RealmForge GDK Visual3D.NET: RealmForge is the .Net 3-D game engine predecessor to Visual3D.NET, which is now being developed instead. Visual3D.NET consists of the Visual3D Framework, a game engine, run-time system, and application framework for .Net 2.0 and the XNA Framework, as well as Visual3D Architect, a Visual Studio 2005-like customizable workspace of visual design and development tools.
Power Render: Power Render is a software development kit for games and 3-D graphics. It provides an API for developers along with several tools for artists for building content and previewing models in realtime from Autodesk's 3-D Studio Max, Alias Wavefront's Maya, and Newtek's Lightwave. The new version can also preview content using High dynamic range imaging and supports the OpenEXR file format.
Crystal Space: Crystal Space is an open source 3-D SDK for Unix, Windows and Mac OS X. It renders with OpenGL or software and features curved surfaces, volumetric fog, dynamic colored lighting, terrain engine, LOD, procedural textures, portals and more.
Genesis3D: Genesis3D is a real-time 3-D rendering environment. The current version of the software developer kit is 1.1, which is free to download.
jME (jMonkey Engine): JME is a high-performance scene graph-based graphics API. jME was built to fulfill the lack of full featured graphics engines written in Java. Using a abstraction layer, it allows any rendering system to be plugged in. Currently, LWJGL is supported with plans for JOGL support in the near future. It is open source under the BSD license.


APAC offers support groups that meet throughout the state, providing education and social interaction for adoptive families. The groups are led by a therapist, and topics for discussion are chosen based on the group's interests and needs. Children's support groups dealing with adoption issues are also available in most areas, as well as childcare.
All groups have teen/children's groups and childcare during group sessions unless otherwise indicated.
If you have any questions about our family support groups, please call 866.803.2722.


I DO offers a boutique wedding coordination service aimed at fulfilling your wedding dreams. With a passionate and personal approach, you can expect a unique and memorable day that is a true reflection of you and your partner.
I DO offers a complete wedding coordination service that includes coordination on the day. Leading up to the wedding, you won't have to take care of any details, worry about problems or keep track of any service providers. I DO will do all that for you!
I DO offers a personalised, one-on-one service where every wedding and event is as unique as the couple or client. Planning a wedding is such a personal experience that it's important to develop a relationship with every client and vice versa.
You will receive a detailed mood board, made up of visuals representing the intended look and feel of your entire wedding – from start to finish.
You will receive competitive quotes without having to do the sourcing and comparing yourself.
I DO will set up meetings with service providers and take care of all the necessary bookings.
You will receive a detailed timeframe for your special day, including the dreaded floor plan – all worked out for you!
On your wedding day, I DO will take charge of setting up and liaising with all service providers, so you can relax and enjoy every precious moment!


text:
Q: Bootstrap progress bar progression using setTimeout I'm trying to increase bootstrap progress bar width using setTimeout(). When I run the code, nothing happens. I checked by commenting out setTimeout(inc,2000); and injecting inc();alert(w);and got the expected output. But I don't know why setTimeout(inc,2000); isn't working. Please tell me what's wrong.
HTML
<input id="input-button" type="submit" value="Submit" onclick="pay()">

        0%

JavaScipt
function inc()  {
    var w= parseInt(document.getElementById("load").style.width);
    w=w+10;
    document.getElementById("load").style.width= w + '%';

}
function pay()  {
    var w= parseInt(document.getElementById("load").style.width);
    while(w!=100)   {
        setTimeout(inc,2000);
        w= parseInt(document.getElementById("load").style.width);
    }

}

A: Your code had multiple problems. The most serious is the while(w!=100) loop, which probably isn't working like you might think. It generates +75000 independent timer events that quickly overwhelm the browser.
A better solution is to use one central timer created with setInterval() as shown in the code snippet below.  Clicking the pay button starts the timer. It increments the progress bar and then stops at 100%.
Additionally, you need to prevent the user from clicking on the button multiple times.  In the snippet, the button is disabled until the payment timer completes.  The code also makes use of the Bootstrap UI (button) and jQuery, all of which are typically used together.
Run the snippet to try

$('#pay').click(function() {

  var timerId, percent;

  // reset progress bar
  percent = 0;
  $('#pay').attr('disabled', true);
  $('#load').css('width', '0px');
  $('#load').addClass('progress-bar-striped active');

  timerId = setInterval(function() {

    // increment progress bar
    percent += 5;
    $('#load').css('width', percent + '%');
    $('#load').html(percent + '%');

    // complete
    if (percent >= 100) {
      clearInterval(timerId);
      $('#pay').attr('disabled', false);
      $('#load').removeClass('progress-bar-striped active');
      $('#load').html('payment complete');

      // do more ...

    }

  }, 200);

});

/*

function inc() {
  var w = parseInt(document.getElementById("load").style.width);
  w = w + 10;
  document.getElementById("load").style.width = w + '%';
  //console.log('inc: w=' + w );

}
var c=0;
function pay() {
  var w = parseInt(document.getElementById("load").style.width);
  while (w != 100) {
    c++;  // 75k times!!!
    console.info( 'w=' + w + ', c=' + c);
    setTimeout(inc, 2000);
    console.log( 'timer' );
    w = parseInt(document.getElementById("load").style.width);
  }

}

*/

/*

function pay() {

var timerId = setInterval(function() {

  var text, percent = parseInt( window.progress1.innerHTML );

  if (percent < 100) {
    percent = (percent + 10) + '%';
    text = percent;
  }
  else {
      clearInterval( timerId );
      percent = '100%';
      text = 'Payment complete';
  }
  window.progress1.innerHTML = text;
  window.progress1.style.width = percent;

}, 500);

}

*/

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">

<button type="button" id="pay" class="btn btn-primary" autocomplete="off" style="width:8em">
  Pay
</button>

    0%


The Napo River watershed, the target landscape selected for the implementation of COMDEKS activities in Ecuador, is located in the ecologically rich heart of the north-central Amazon. The vast array of plants, animals and microorganisms that have evolved together, creating an irreplaceable and thriving ecosystem, makes diversity the mainstay of life in the Amazon. The local communities have also evolved within that unique ecosystem, developing a culture rooted in the understanding, appreciation and respect of the land. However, the landscape and the traditional production activities engaged in by the rural communities is currently under pressure from social and environmental consequences of large scale extraction projects in the region, contributing to an increasing loss of biodiversity.
The goal of COMDEKS activities in the area is to consolidate, replicate, and scale up the work initiated by indigenous and rural community organizations to protect the biodiversity and culture of the areas surrounding the Napo River. The landscape approach supported by COMDEKS in Ecuador builds upon the concept of "Biocorridors for Good Living" (Buen Vivir or Sumak Kawsay), a concept adapted from the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador and the National Plan for Good Living and implemented by the Ecuador GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP), with the aim to support local initiatives focused on promoting biodiversity conservation throughout Ecuador's various ecosystems. Biocorridors for good living are described as expanses of land where ecological connectivity is reestablished connecting fragmented habitats, incorporating sustainable production activities into the landscape, and fostering community partnerships. The GEF SGP Ecuador Country Programme supports four priority ecosystems; paramos (Neotropical high mountain biomes), dry forests, mangroves, and tropical forests). The Amazon Region, where the COMDEKS target area is located, is one of the four priority ecosystems supported by the GEF SGP Ecuador Country Programme.
The Amazon region of Ecuador is characterized by a vibrant and diverse indigenous ecology. However, the region has lost nearly 20% of its natural cover within the last fifty years.
The target area is a zone characterized by a richness of biodiversity, environmental services, traditional methods of resource management and ancestral knowledge of local ecology. However, in spite of these strong ties between local communities and the ecology, the region has lost nearly 20% of its natural cover within the last fifty years, triggered mostly by increasing prevalence of resource extraction industries. Further threats come from unsustainable agricultural practices and livestock, production activities that have had widespread impacts on the region's fragile ecosystem. Conversion from intercropping to monoculture, farming on fragile soil and a decrease in crop rotation contribute to the depletion of nutrients which would naturally replenish through decomposition of the forest's organic matter. As a result, communities are ultimately pushed to seek other sources of income through unsustainable extraction of forest resources, leading to accelerated deforestation. Finally, the gold deposits throughout the region have incentivized both legal and illegal mining activities that continue to impact and fragment the ecosystem and pollute water resources.
Community members expressing thanks to COMDEKS for targeting the Napo River watershed as an area to focus activities.
The target area covers approximately 484.152 hectares and is home to a population of approximately 44,250.The communities living in the region are mostly Kitchwa and are organized by cantons, which are further separated into communities and second or third level organizations. The context of the landscape is characterized by indigenous rural communities with high rates of poverty and social discrimination.
Most of the rural population derives income from activities related to agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing. The local communities organize their production activities through the use of "chakras," family workspaces where strategies of exchange, sale and subsistence are established. Crops for community consumption, as well as perennial income generating crops such as coffee, cocoa and bananas are grown together.
Indigenous women from the target landscape in Ecuador participating in the baseline assessment.
In 2013, the Sacha Causai Foundation was awarded COMDEKS funding by the SGP National Steering Committee in order to provide support for the development of the COMDEKS landscape strategy, the community consultation process, guide local communities in the development of community-based projects, and project monitoring. To engage the community and understand the current state of the landscape, a baseline assessment was conducted in September 2013 involving meetings with community leaders, trips to the pre-selected areas in the landscape and workshops for the participatory formulation of projects. A community consultation was conducted based on the COMDEKS questionnaire and indicators of resilience of socio-ecological productive landscapes (SEPLS), gathering information from men and women in the community living in the area. A Kichwa translator facilitated the consultation to ensure the community members could be fully engaged.
COMDEKS projects supported in the target landscape aligns with the goal of the COMDEKS Ecuador Landscape Strategy, aimed at improving resilience of the target landscape, by strengthening initiatives that are innovative from a socio-ecological perspective. COMDEKS projects support agro ecological and agro-forestry practices to diversify household production, conserve important forest ecosystems through reforestation activities and protection of micro watersheds, and promote income generation activities such as the development of sustainable tourism and farming of native fish. COMDEKS projects are also supporting the so-called "Kichwa chacra system", implemented by different communities in the Amazon Region to manage ancestral agriculture and diversify crops with local species by adding value to this production (i.e cocoa and wayusa). For its M&E system, following SGP Ecuador's best practices, the COMDEKS/SGP Country Programme in Ecuador is relying on the "SIMONA" system, a territorial network of NGO and CSO partners, in strategic alliance with UNDP and the Ministry of Environment, to provide technical assistance and accompaniment to participating communities and conduct participatory M&E and capacity building.


text:
/**
 * @file
 *
 * @brief Public APIs for the CAN drivers.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018 Alexander Wachter
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */

#ifndef ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_DRIVERS_CAN_H_
#define ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_DRIVERS_CAN_H_

/**
 * @brief CAN Interface
 * @defgroup can_interface CAN Interface
 * @ingroup io_interfaces
 * @{
 */

#include <zephyr/types.h>
#include <device.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#define CAN_EX_ID      (1 << 31)
#define CAN_MAX_STD_ID (0x7FF)
#define CAN_STD_ID_MASK CAN_MAX_STD_ID
#define CAN_EXT_ID_MASK (0x1FFFFFFF)
#define CAN_MAX_DLC    (8)
#define CAN_MAX_DLEN    8

/* CAN_TX_* are the error flags from tx_callback and send.*/
/** send successfully */
#define CAN_TX_OK       (0)
/** general send error */
#define CAN_TX_ERR      (-2)
/** bus arbitration lost during sending */
#define CAN_TX_ARB_LOST (-3)
/** controller is in bus off state */
#define CAN_TX_BUS_OFF  (-4)
/** unexpected error */
#define CAN_TX_UNKNOWN  (-5)

/** invalid parameter */
#define CAN_TX_EINVAL   (-22)

/** attach_* failed because there is no unused filter left*/
#define CAN_NO_FREE_FILTER (-1)

/** operation timed out*/
#define CAN_TIMEOUT (-1)

/**
 * @brief Statically define and initialize a can message queue.
 *
 * The message queue's ring buffer contains space for @a size messages.
 *
 * @param name Name of the message queue.
 * @param size Number of can messages.
 */
#define CAN_DEFINE_MSGQ(name, size) \
	K_MSGQ_DEFINE(name, sizeof(struct zcan_frame), size, 4)

/**
 * @brief can_ide enum
 * Define if the message has a standard (11bit) or extended (29bit)
 * identifier
 */
enum can_ide {
	CAN_STANDARD_IDENTIFIER,
	CAN_EXTENDED_IDENTIFIER
};

/**
 * @brief can_rtr enum
 * Define if the message is a data or remote frame
 */
enum can_rtr {
	CAN_DATAFRAME,
	CAN_REMOTEREQUEST
};

/**
 * @brief can_mode enum
 * Defines the mode of the can controller
 */
enum can_mode {
	/*Normal mode*/
	CAN_NORMAL_MODE,
	/*Controller is not allowed to send dominant bits*/
	CAN_SILENT_MODE,
	/*Controller is in loopback mode (receive own messages)*/
	CAN_LOOPBACK_MODE,
	/*Combination of loopback and silent*/
	CAN_SILENT_LOOPBACK_MODE
};

/**
 * @brief can_state enum
 * Defines the possible states of the CAN bus
 */
enum can_state {
	CAN_ERROR_ACTIVE,
	CAN_ERROR_PASSIVE,
	CAN_BUS_OFF,
	CAN_BUS_UNKNOWN
};

/*
 * Controller Area Network Identifier structure for Linux compatibility.
 *
 * The fields in this type are:
 *
 * bit 0-28	: CAN identifier (11/29 bit)
 * bit 29	: error message frame flag (0 = data frame, 1 = error message)
 * bit 30	: remote transmission request flag (1 = rtr frame)
 * bit 31	: frame format flag (0 = standard 11 bit, 1 = extended 29 bit)
 */
typedef uint32_t canid_t;

/**
 * @brief CAN frame structure that is compatible with Linux. This is mainly
 * used by Socket CAN code.
 *
 * @details Used to pass CAN messages from userspace to the socket CAN and vice
 * versa.
 */
struct can_frame {
	/** 32 bit CAN_ID + EFF/RTR/ERR flags */
	canid_t can_id;

	/** The length of the message */
	uint8_t can_dlc;

	/** @cond INTERNAL_HIDDEN */
	uint8_t pad;   /* padding */
	uint8_t res0;  /* reserved / padding */
	uint8_t res1;  /* reserved / padding */
	/** @endcond */

	/** The message data */
	uint8_t data[CAN_MAX_DLEN];
};

/**
 * @brief CAN filter that is compatible with Linux. This is mainly used by
 * Socket CAN code.
 *
 * @details A filter matches, when "received_can_id & mask == can_id & mask"
 */
struct can_filter {
	canid_t can_id;
	canid_t can_mask;
};

/**
 * @brief CAN message structure
 *
 * Used to pass can messages from userspace to the driver and
 * from driver to userspace
 *
 */
struct zcan_frame {
	/** Message identifier*/
	uint32_t id      : 29;
	/** Frame is in the CAN-FD frame format */
	uint32_t fd      : 1;
	/** Set the message to a transmission request instead of data frame
	 * use can_rtr enum for assignment
	 */
	uint32_t rtr     : 1;
	/** Indicates the identifier type (standard or extended)
	 * use can_ide enum for assignment
	 */
	uint32_t id_type : 1;
	/** The length of the message (max. 8) in byte */
	uint8_t dlc;
	/** Baud Rate Switch. Frame transfer with different timing during
	 * the data phase. Only valid for CAN-FD
	 */
	uint8_t brs : 1;
	/** Reserved for future flags */
	uint8_t res : 7;
#if defined(CONFIG_CAN_RX_TIMESTAMP)
	/** Timer value of the CAN free-running timer.
	 * The timer is incremented every bit time and captured at the start
	 * of frame bit (SOF).
	 */
	uint16_t timestamp;
#else
	/** @cond INTERNAL_HIDDEN */
	uint8_t res0;  /* reserved / padding */
	uint8_t res1;  /* reserved / padding */
	/** @endcond */
#endif
	/** The frame payload data. */
	union {
		uint8_t data[CAN_MAX_DLEN];
		uint32_t data_32[ceiling_fraction(CAN_MAX_DLEN, sizeof(uint32_t))];
	};
};

/**
 * @brief CAN filter structure
 *
 * Used to pass can identifier filter information to the driver.
 * rtr_mask and *_id_mask are used to mask bits of the rtr and id fields.
 * If the mask bit is 0, the value of the corresponding bit in the id or rtr
 * field don't care for the filter matching.
 *
 */
struct zcan_filter {
	/** target state of the identifier */
	uint32_t id           : 29;
	uint32_t res0         : 1;
	/** target state of the rtr bit */
	uint32_t rtr          : 1;
	/** Indicates the identifier type (standard or extended)
	 * use can_ide enum for assignment
	 */
	uint32_t id_type      : 1;
	/** identifier mask*/
	uint32_t id_mask  : 29;
	uint32_t res1         : 1;
	/** rtr bit mask */
	uint32_t rtr_mask     : 1;
	uint32_t res2         : 1;
};

/**
 * @brief can bus error count structure
 *
 * Used to pass the bus error counters to userspace
 */
struct can_bus_err_cnt {
	uint8_t tx_err_cnt;
	uint8_t rx_err_cnt;
};

/**
 * @brief canbus timings
 *
 * Used to pass bus timing values to the config and bitrate calculator function.
 *
 * The propagation segment represents the time of the signal propagation.
 * Phase segment 1 and phase segment 2 define the sampling point.
 * prop_seg and phase_seg1 affect the sampling-point in the same way and some
 * controllers only have a register for the sum of those two. The sync segment
 * always has a length of 1 tq
 * +---------+----------+------------+------------+
 * |sync_seg | prop_seg | phase_seg1 | phase_seg2 |
 * +---------+----------+------------+------------+
 *                                   ^
 *                             Sampling-Point
 * 1 tq (time quantum) has the length of 1/(core_clock / prescaler)
 * The bitrate is defined by the core clock divided by the prescaler and the
 * sum of the segments.
 * br = (core_clock / prescaler) / (1 + prop_seg + phase_seg1 + phase_seg2)
 * The resynchronization jump width (SJW) defines the amount of time quantum
 * the sample point can be moved.
 * The sample point is moved when resynchronization is needed.
 */
struct can_timing {
	/** Synchronisation jump width*/
	uint16_t sjw;
	/** Propagation Segment */
	uint16_t prop_seg;
	/** Phase Segment 1 */
	uint16_t phase_seg1;
	/** Phase Segment 2 */
	uint16_t phase_seg2;
	/** Prescaler value */
	uint16_t prescaler;
};

/**
 * @typedef can_tx_callback_t
 * @brief Define the application callback handler function signature
 *
 * @param error_flags status of the performed send operation
 * @param arg argument that was passed when the message was sent
 */
typedef void (*can_tx_callback_t)(uint32_t error_flags, void *arg);

/**
 * @typedef can_rx_callback_t
 * @brief Define the application callback handler function signature
 *        for receiving.
 *
 * @param msg received message
 * @param arg argument that was passed when the filter was attached
 */
typedef void (*can_rx_callback_t)(struct zcan_frame *msg, void *arg);

/**
 * @typedef can_state_change_isr_t
 * @brief Defines the state change isr handler function signature
 *
 * @param state state of the node
 * @param err_cnt struct with the error counter values
 */
typedef void(*can_state_change_isr_t)(enum can_state state,
					  struct can_bus_err_cnt err_cnt);

typedef int (*can_set_timing_t)(const struct device *dev,
				const struct can_timing *timing,
				const struct can_timing *timing_data);

typedef int (*can_set_mode_t)(const struct device *dev, enum can_mode mode);

typedef int (*can_send_t)(const struct device *dev,
			  const struct zcan_frame *msg,
			  k_timeout_t timeout, can_tx_callback_t callback_isr,
			  void *callback_arg);

typedef int (*can_attach_msgq_t)(const struct device *dev,
				 struct k_msgq *msg_q,
				 const struct zcan_filter *filter);

typedef int (*can_attach_isr_t)(const struct device *dev,
				can_rx_callback_t isr,
				void *callback_arg,
				const struct zcan_filter *filter);

typedef void (*can_detach_t)(const struct device *dev, int filter_id);

typedef int (*can_recover_t)(const struct device *dev, k_timeout_t timeout);

typedef enum can_state (*can_get_state_t)(const struct device *dev,
					  struct can_bus_err_cnt *err_cnt);

typedef void(*can_register_state_change_isr_t)(const struct device *dev,
					       can_state_change_isr_t isr);

typedef int (*can_get_core_clock_t)(const struct device *dev, uint32_t *rate);

#ifndef CONFIG_CAN_WORKQ_FRAMES_BUF_CNT
#define CONFIG_CAN_WORKQ_FRAMES_BUF_CNT 4
#endif
struct can_frame_buffer {
	struct zcan_frame buf[CONFIG_CAN_WORKQ_FRAMES_BUF_CNT];
	uint16_t head;
	uint16_t tail;
};

/**
 * @brief CAN work structure
 *
 * Used to attach a work queue to a filter.
 */
struct zcan_work {
	struct k_work work_item;
	struct k_work_q *work_queue;
	struct can_frame_buffer buf;
	can_rx_callback_t cb;
	void *cb_arg;
};

__subsystem struct can_driver_api {
	can_set_mode_t set_mode;
	can_set_timing_t set_timing;
	can_send_t send;
	can_attach_isr_t attach_isr;
	can_detach_t detach;
#ifndef CONFIG_CAN_AUTO_BUS_OFF_RECOVERY
	can_recover_t recover;
#endif
	can_get_state_t get_state;
	can_register_state_change_isr_t register_state_change_isr;
	can_get_core_clock_t get_core_clock;
	/* Min values for the timing registers */
	struct can_timing timing_min;
	/* Max values for the timing registers */
	struct can_timing timing_max;
#ifdef CONFIG_CAN_FD_MODE
	/* Min values for the timing registers during the data phase */
	struct can_timing timing_min_data;
	/* Max values for the timing registers during the data phase */
	struct can_timing timing_max_data;
#endif
};

/**
 * @brief Perform data transfer to CAN bus.
 *
 * This routine provides a generic interface to perform data transfer
 * to the can bus. Use can_write() for simple write.
 * *
 * @param dev          Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param msg          Message to transfer.
 * @param timeout      Waiting for empty tx mailbox timeout or K_FOREVER.
 * @param callback_isr Is called when message was sent or a transmission error
 *                     occurred. If NULL, this function is blocking until
 *                     message is sent. This must be NULL if called from user
 *                     mode.
 * @param callback_arg This will be passed whenever the isr is called.
 *
 * @retval 0 If successful.
 * @retval CAN_TX_* on failure.
 */
__syscall int can_send(const struct device *dev, const struct zcan_frame *msg,
		       k_timeout_t timeout, can_tx_callback_t callback_isr,
		       void *callback_arg);

static inline int z_impl_can_send(const struct device *dev,
				  const struct zcan_frame *msg,
				  k_timeout_t timeout,
				  can_tx_callback_t callback_isr,
				  void *callback_arg)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->send(dev, msg, timeout, callback_isr, callback_arg);
}

/*
 * Derived can APIs -- all implemented in terms of can_send()
 */

/**
 * @brief Write a set amount of data to the can bus.
 *
 * This routine writes a set amount of data synchronously.
 *
 * @param dev  Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param data Data to send.
 * @param length Number of bytes to write (max. 8).
 * @param id  Identifier of the can message.
 * @param rtr Send remote transmission request or data frame
 * @param timeout Waiting for empty tx mailbox timeout or K_FOREVER
 *
 * @retval 0 If successful.
 * @retval -EIO General input / output error.
 * @retval -EINVAL if length > 8.
 */
static inline int can_write(const struct device *dev, const uint8_t *data,
			    uint8_t length,
			    uint32_t id, enum can_rtr rtr, k_timeout_t timeout)
{
	struct zcan_frame msg;

	if (length > 8) {
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	msg.id = id;

	if (id > CAN_MAX_STD_ID) {
		msg.id_type = CAN_EXTENDED_IDENTIFIER;
	} else {
		msg.id_type = CAN_STANDARD_IDENTIFIER;
	}

	msg.dlc = length;
	msg.rtr = rtr;
	memcpy(msg.data, data, length);

	return can_send(dev, &msg, timeout, NULL, NULL);
}

/**
 * @brief Attach a CAN work queue to a single or group of identifiers.
 *
 * This routine attaches a work queue to identifiers specified by a filter.
 * Whenever the filter matches, the message is pushed to the buffer
 * of the zcan_work structure and the work element is put to the workqueue.
 * If a message passes more than one filter the priority of the match
 * is hardware dependent.
 * A CAN work queue can be attached to more than one filter.
 * The work queue must be initialized before and the caller must have
 * appropriate permissions on it.
 *
 * @param dev          Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param work_q       Pointer to the already initialized work queue.
 * @param work         Pointer to a zcan_work. The work will be initialized.
 * @param callback     This function is called by workq whenever a message arrives.
 * @param callback_arg Is passed to the callback when called.
 * @param filter       Pointer to a zcan_filter structure defining the id
 *                     filtering.
 *
 * @retval filter_id on success.
 * @retval CAN_NO_FREE_FILTER if there is no filter left.
 */
int can_attach_workq(const struct device *dev, struct k_work_q  *work_q,
		     struct zcan_work *work,
		     can_rx_callback_t callback, void *callback_arg,
		     const struct zcan_filter *filter);

/**
 * @brief Attach a message queue to a single or group of identifiers.
 *
 * This routine attaches a message queue to identifiers specified by
 * a filter. Whenever the filter matches, the message is pushed to the queue
 * If a message passes more than one filter the priority of the match
 * is hardware dependent.
 * A message queue can be attached to more than one filter.
 * The message queue must me initialized before, and the caller must have
 * appropriate permissions on it.
 *
 * @param dev    Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param msg_q  Pointer to the already initialized message queue.
 * @param filter Pointer to a zcan_filter structure defining the id
 *               filtering.
 *
 * @retval filter_id on success.
 * @retval CAN_NO_FREE_FILTER if there is no filter left.
 */
__syscall int can_attach_msgq(const struct device *dev, struct k_msgq *msg_q,
			      const struct zcan_filter *filter);

/**
 * @brief Attach an isr callback function to a single or group of identifiers.
 *
 * This routine attaches an isr callback to identifiers specified by
 * a filter. Whenever the filter matches, the callback function is called
 * with isr context.
 * If a message passes more than one filter the priority of the match
 * is hardware dependent.
 * A callback function can be attached to more than one filter.
 * *
 * @param dev          Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param isr          Callback function pointer.
 * @param callback_arg This will be passed whenever the isr is called.
 * @param filter       Pointer to a zcan_filter structure defining the id
 *                     filtering.
 *
 * @retval filter_id on success.
 * @retval CAN_NO_FREE_FILTER if there is no filter left.
 */
static inline int can_attach_isr(const struct device *dev,
				       can_rx_callback_t isr,
				       void *callback_arg,
				       const struct zcan_filter *filter)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->attach_isr(dev, isr, callback_arg, filter);
}

/**
 * @brief Detach an isr or message queue from the identifier filtering.
 *
 * This routine detaches an isr callback  or message queue from the identifier
 * filtering.
 * *
 * @param dev       Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param filter_id filter id returned by can_attach_isr or can_attach_msgq.
 *
 * @retval none
 */
__syscall void can_detach(const struct device *dev, int filter_id);

static inline void z_impl_can_detach(const struct device *dev, int filter_id)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->detach(dev, filter_id);
}

/**
 * @brief Read the core clock value
 *
 * Returns the core clock value. One time quantum is 1/core clock.
 *
 * @param dev Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param[out] rate controller clock rate
 *
 * @retval 0 on success
 * @retval negative on error
 */
__syscall int can_get_core_clock(const struct device *dev, uint32_t *rate);

static inline int z_impl_can_get_core_clock(const struct device *dev,
					    uint32_t *rate)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->get_core_clock(dev, rate);
}

/**
 * @brief Calculate timing parameters from bitrate and sample point
 *
 * Calculate the timing parameters from a given bitrate in bits/s and the
 * sampling point in permill (1/1000) of the entire bit time.
 * The bitrate must alway match perfectly. If no result can be given for the,
 * give parameters, -EINVAL is returned.
 * The sample_pnt does not always match perfectly. The algorithm tries to find
 * the best match possible.
 *
 * @param dev        Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param res        Result is written into the can_timing struct provided.
 * @param bitrate    Target bitrate in bits/s
 * @param sample_pnt Sampling point in permill of the entire bit time.
 *
 * @retval Positive sample point error on success
 * @retval -EINVAL if there is no solution for the desired values
 * @retval -EIO if core_clock is not available
 */
int can_calc_timing(const struct device *dev, struct can_timing *res,
		    uint32_t bitrate, uint16_t sample_pnt);

#ifdef CONFIG_CAN_FD_MODE
/**
 * @brief Calculate timing parameters for the data phase
 *
 * Same as can_calc_timing but with the max and min values from the data phase.
 *
 * @param dev        Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param res        Result is written into the can_timing struct provided.
 * @param bitrate    Target bitrate for the data phase in bits/s
 * @param sample_pnt Sampling point data phase in permille of the entire bit time.
 *
 * @retval Positive sample point error on success
 * @retval -EINVAL if there is no solution for the desired values
 * @retval -EIO if core_clock is not available
 */
int can_calc_timing_data(const struct device *dev, struct can_timing *res,
			 uint32_t bitrate, uint16_t sample_pnt);
#endif

/**
 * @brief Fill in the prescaler value for a given bitrate and timing
 *
 * Fill the prescaler value in the timing struct.
 * sjw, prop_seg, phase_seg1 and phase_seg2 must be given.
 * The returned bitrate error is reminder of the devision of the clockrate by
 * the bitrate times the timing segments.
 *
 * @param dev     Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param timing  Result is written into the can_timing struct provided.
 * @param bitrate Target bitrate.
 *
 * @retval bitrate error
 * @retval negative on error
 */
int can_calc_prescaler(const struct device *dev, struct can_timing *timing,
		       uint32_t bitrate);

/**
 * @brief Set the controller to the given mode
 *
 * @param dev Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param mode   Operation mode
 *
 * @retval 0 If successful.
 * @retval -EIO General input / output error, failed to configure device.
 */
__syscall int can_set_mode(const struct device *dev, enum can_mode mode);

static inline int z_impl_can_set_mode(const struct device *dev,
				      enum can_mode mode)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->set_mode(dev, mode);
}

/**
 * @brief Configure timing of a host controller.
 *
 * The second parameter timing_data is only relevant for CAN-FD.
 * If the controller does not support CAN-FD or the FD mode is not enabled,
 * this parameter is ignored.
 *
 * @param dev         Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param timing      Bus timings
 * @param timing_data Bus timings for data phase (CAN-FD only)
 *
 * @retval 0 If successful.
 * @retval -EIO General input / output error, failed to configure device.
 */
__syscall int can_set_timing(const struct device *dev,
			     const struct can_timing *timing,
			     const struct can_timing *timing_data);

static inline int z_impl_can_set_timing(const struct device *dev,
					const struct can_timing *timing,
					const struct can_timing *timing_data)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->set_timing(dev, timing, timing_data);
}

/**
 * @brief Set the bitrate of the CAN controller
 *
 * The second parameter bitrate_data is only relevant for CAN-FD.
 * If the controller does not support CAN-FD or the FD mode is not enabled,
 * this parameter is ignored.
 * The sample point is set to the CiA DS 301 reccommended value of 87.5%
 *
 * @param dev          Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param bitrate      Desired arbitration phase bitrate
 * @param bitrate_data Desired data phase bitrate
 *
 * @retval 0 If successful.
 * @retval -EINVAL bitrate cannot be reached.
 * @retval -EIO General input / output error, failed to set bitrate.
 */
static inline int can_set_bitrate(const struct device *dev,
				  uint32_t bitrate,
				  uint32_t bitrate_data)
{
	struct can_timing timing;
#ifdef CONFIG_CAN_FD_MODE
	struct can_timing timing_data;
#endif
	int ret;

	ret = can_calc_timing(dev, &timing, bitrate, 875);
	if (ret < 0) {
		return -EINVAL;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_CAN_FD_MODE
	ret = can_calc_timing_data(dev, &timing_data, bitrate_data, 875);
	if (ret < 0) {
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return can_set_timing(dev, &timing, &timing_data);
#else
	return can_set_timing(dev, &timing, NULL);
#endif /* CONFIG_CAN_FD_MODE */
}

/**
 * @brief Configure operation of a host controller.
 *
 * @param dev Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param mode Operation mode
 * @param bitrate bus-speed in Baud/s
 *
 * @retval 0 If successful.
 * @retval -EIO General input / output error, failed to configure device.
 */
static inline int can_configure(const struct device *dev, enum can_mode mode,
				uint32_t bitrate)
{
	if (bitrate > 0) {
		int err = can_set_bitrate(dev, bitrate, 0);
		if (err != 0) {
			return err;
		}
	}

	return can_set_mode(dev, mode);
}

/**
 * @brief Get current state
 *
 * Returns the actual state of the CAN controller.
 *
 * @param dev     Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param err_cnt Pointer to the err_cnt destination structure or NULL.
 *
 * @retval  state
 */
__syscall enum can_state can_get_state(const struct device *dev,
				       struct can_bus_err_cnt *err_cnt);

static inline
enum can_state z_impl_can_get_state(const struct device *dev,
				    struct can_bus_err_cnt *err_cnt)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->get_state(dev, err_cnt);
}

/**
 * @brief Recover from bus-off state
 *
 * Recover the CAN controller from bus-off state to error-active state.
 *
 * @param dev     Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param timeout Timeout for waiting for the recovery or K_FOREVER.
 *
 * @retval 0 on success.
 * @retval CAN_TIMEOUT on timeout.
 */
#ifndef CONFIG_CAN_AUTO_BUS_OFF_RECOVERY
__syscall int can_recover(const struct device *dev, k_timeout_t timeout);

static inline int z_impl_can_recover(const struct device *dev,
				     k_timeout_t timeout)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->recover(dev, timeout);
}
#else
/* This implementation prevents inking errors for auto recovery */
static inline int z_impl_can_recover(const struct device *dev,
				     k_timeout_t timeout)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_CAN_AUTO_BUS_OFF_RECOVERY */

/**
 * @brief Register an ISR callback for state change interrupt
 *
 * Only one callback can be registered per controller.
 * Calling this function again, overrides the previous call.
 *
 * @param dev Pointer to the device structure for the driver instance.
 * @param isr Pointer to ISR
 */
static inline
void can_register_state_change_isr(const struct device *dev,
				   can_state_change_isr_t isr)
{
	const struct can_driver_api *api =
		(const struct can_driver_api *)dev->api;

	return api->register_state_change_isr(dev, isr);
}

/**
 * @brief Converter that translates between can_frame and zcan_frame structs.
 *
 * @param frame Pointer to can_frame struct.
 * @param zframe Pointer to zcan_frame struct.
 */
static inline void can_copy_frame_to_zframe(const struct can_frame *frame,
					    struct zcan_frame *zframe)
{
	zframe->id_type = (frame->can_id & BIT(31)) >> 31;
	zframe->rtr = (frame->can_id & BIT(30)) >> 30;
	zframe->id = frame->can_id & BIT_MASK(29);
	zframe->dlc = frame->can_dlc;
	memcpy(zframe->data, frame->data, sizeof(zframe->data));
}

/**
 * @brief Converter that translates between zcan_frame and can_frame structs.
 *
 * @param zframe Pointer to zcan_frame struct.
 * @param frame Pointer to can_frame struct.
 */
static inline void can_copy_zframe_to_frame(const struct zcan_frame *zframe,
					    struct can_frame *frame)
{
	frame->can_id = (zframe->id_type << 31) | (zframe->rtr << 30) |
		zframe->id;
	frame->can_dlc = zframe->dlc;
	memcpy(frame->data, zframe->data, sizeof(frame->data));
}

/**
 * @brief Converter that translates between can_filter and zcan_frame_filter
 * structs.
 *
 * @param filter Pointer to can_filter struct.
 * @param zfilter Pointer to zcan_frame_filter struct.
 */
static inline
void can_copy_filter_to_zfilter(const struct can_filter *filter,
				struct zcan_filter *zfilter)
{
	zfilter->id_type = (filter->can_id & BIT(31)) >> 31;
	zfilter->rtr = (filter->can_id & BIT(30)) >> 30;
	zfilter->id = filter->can_id & BIT_MASK(29);
	zfilter->rtr_mask = (filter->can_mask & BIT(30)) >> 30;
	zfilter->id_mask = filter->can_mask & BIT_MASK(29);
}

/**
 * @brief Converter that translates between zcan_filter and can_filter
 * structs.
 *
 * @param zfilter Pointer to zcan_filter struct.
 * @param filter Pointer to can_filter struct.
 */
static inline
void can_copy_zfilter_to_filter(const struct zcan_filter *zfilter,
				struct can_filter *filter)
{
	filter->can_id = (zfilter->id_type << 31) |
		(zfilter->rtr << 30) | zfilter->id;
	filter->can_mask = (zfilter->rtr_mask << 30) |
		(zfilter->id_type << 31) | zfilter->id_mask;
}

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
/**
 * @}
 */
#include <syscalls/can.h>

#endif /* ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_DRIVERS_CAN_H_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Avoid walkup fees - register early!
ONLINE REGISTRATION CLOSES @ NOON ON MONDAY, NOVEMBER 19th.
Keep your skills sharp in the off-season! These sessions will have a strong emphasis on the technical side of game and will be led by nationally-qualified CSA coaches. Training will be age-specific. 3v3/4v4 small sided games each week. All players should bring a ball and water to each session.
These camps are intended for competitive-level players currently participating in Youth Academy through 19U except as noted. Players considering trying out for competitive soccer in May should also consider participating.
For Goalkeeper Winter Camp info, please click here.
For Recreational Soccer Winter Training, please click here.
There is no Speed and Agility Program at Strikers Soccer Center, sorry!
There is no Speed and Agility Program at McClintock MS, sorry!
$150 for a single camp at any location.
Walkup Registration only: $175 for single camp or $275 for both camps.
Click here for Mail-in or Walkup Registration Form.
If you are currently registered with a club other than CSA, you will need your club's permission to participate. Please click here to download a guest player permission form. This completed form must be submitted at the first day of camp.
No pro-rated fees or partial registration available.
Refunds by written request prior to the close of online registration (Noon on November 19, 2018). Refunds are subject to a $25 administrative fee.
Questions and issues: Please contact [email protected] or the CSA Office (704-708-4166) during business hours of 9am-5pm Monday through Friday.


Under the leadership of a new chief executive, Black Duck Software Inc. raised another $20 million from insiders to help corporate customers deploy and manage open-source software, VentureWire has learned.
The round was led by General Catalyst Partners and includes several current investors. Although Black Duck's investors have been patient--the company was founded in 2002--they believe Black Duck was ahead of its time then and is poised to take off now, according to General Catalyst Managing Director Larry Bohn.


text:
namespace Zergatul.Security.Default
{
    class BMW224 : AbstractMessageDigest
    {
        public BMW224()
            : base(new Cryptography.Hash.BMW224())
        {

        }
    }

    class BMW256 : AbstractMessageDigest
    {
        public BMW256()
            : base(new Cryptography.Hash.BMW256())
        {

        }
    }

    class BMW384 : AbstractMessageDigest
    {
        public BMW384()
            : base(new Cryptography.Hash.BMW384())
        {

        }
    }

    class BMW512 : AbstractMessageDigest
    {
        public BMW512()
            : base(new Cryptography.Hash.BMW512())
        {

        }
    }
}


We are a team of multidisciplinary professionals, committed to creating innovative teaching solutions for undergraduate, graduate and executive training courses, in addition to the development of customized simulators. We started in 2005 with the development of our first simulation game. We were pioneers in the development of 100% web simulators in Brazil and the first company to include aspects of strategic management decisions and create a specific simulator of foreign trade (international business). We strive for continuous improvement of our products and constant support to our customers, which has made us a quality reference in the market. We continuously evolve, adding new technologies and functionalities.
Our mission expresses our beliefs: "to assist the development of outstanding professionals, providing innovative business simulations and contributing to the management concepts consolidation and corporate sustainability." We also believe in the learning generated by experience, in fact, in the creation of knowledge and not only in reproduction, enabling reflective practice and critical development.
Design of customized (segmented) simulators.
A company focused on the design and development of simulators and strategic executive training of high impact.
A business management tool with a precise and straightforward methodology that describe people's behavior.
Community of practice where thousands of management indicators (KPIs) can be shared, divided by industry and area.
Strategic tool for creating and sharing indicators through integrated and graphic dashboards (BSC).


text:
#10QuestionswithMaxwell Interview Series: Mark Johnston QC, Maxwell 42
Recently appointed as Queen's Counsel, Mark Johnston QC shared with us his thoughts on receiving the title, influential figures in his career, the best work-related advice he had received, and more in #10QuestionsWithMaxwell.
Mark is presently an International Arbitration Counsel at Maxwell 42. He has appeared as a leading counsel in numerous arbitrations in London, Singapore, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth, and worked as counsel on international arbitrations in Dubai, Spain and in the UK.
Before being called to the independent Bar in April 2007, Mark worked as a lawyer for the Commonwealth Government and for a top-tier international law firm. He was appointed a Special Adviser to the United Nations in East Timor, and received a United Nations' Commendation for outstanding performance. Mark was also formerly a qualified Chinese linguist for the Commonwealth Government and had the unique opportunity to participate in the inaugural Government-sponsored instructor exchange in China which saw him live and work in China. Mark has been awarded the Australian Active Service Medal and a United Nations Medal.
Q: Congratulations on being appointed as Queen's Counsel! How did you feel when you received the title?
A: It is a privilege and honour to be appointed as Queen's Counsel, but with it comes enormous responsibility to be a leader and to the proper administration of justice. I am excited by the challenge and I hope to be able to give something back to the profession and the community.
Q: What inspired you to join the legal profession?
A: There is a classic movie called "The Castle". It is a comedy film and very funny, but it also has a serious side. A quirky family, the Kerrigan's, live in a makeshift home at the end of a busy international airport with lots of noise and smell. The government issues a notice to compulsorily resume their land for an airport expansion, until Darryl Kerrigan fights the government starting at a local court all the way to the High Court. A retired silk acts pro bono for the Kerrigan's win in the High Court. The movie inspired me to join the legal profession for two reasons – the intellectual challenge and to represent.
Q: What is the most interesting arbitration you have been a part of?
A: All international arbitrations are interesting. But two stand out. One concerned a large LNG project with overlapping court proceedings for insurance claims and statutory claims. The multiple interrelated court and arbitral proceedings, combined with multiple different parties and overlapping claims, created enormous complexity. Another concerned a large infrastructure project where the contract revealed a possibility of the applicable law being a choice of three diverse jurisdictions, with concurrent arbitral proceedings, civil proceedings in court and also criminal proceedings for fraud.
A: Flexibility. Arbitrations are leading the way with more flexible case management techniques to improve the efficiency and conduct of cases.
Q: Virtual and hybrid hearings are becoming the new norm. How has that affected hearings proceedings, in your opinion?
A: Virtual hearings are great for interlocutory case management reviews and to deal with procedural issues. However, I believe that in-person hearings are still best for substantive hearings, particularly when witnesses need to give oral evidence or when there is extended argument. With virtual hearings, there is a loss of human body language, which can provide signals to an advocate on how to examine a witness or make submissions. It is hard to replace the eye contact and the opportunity to persuade in person. I think there will eventually be a shift back to in-person hearings for substantive matters.
Q: Do you have a mentor / an influential figure that you look up to throughout your career? Share with us.
A: There are two people. The first is Allan Myers AC QC. He is a charismatic and generous person, and a fantastic silk and arbitrator. Allan has been a true mentor and I have the greatest respect for him. The second is The Honourable Patrick Keane AC, a justice of the High Court of Australia. Justice Keane is an intellectual giant, but at the same time humble and respectful.
Q: Looking back in your career, what has been your proudest achievement?
A: Taking silk on appointment as Queen's Counsel, and also the award of the University Medal in Law.
Q: Share with us the best piece of advice you had received.
A: Be humble and respect the cleaner through to the CEO.
Q: You had not been in Singapore for about 2 years. What do you miss most about Singapore?
A: That is easy to answer. Chili Crab, and the Hawker Centres.
Q: Share with us your favourite pastime.
A: I love surfing and swimming. There is something special about being in the ocean and exposed to the elements. I find surfing and swimming is the only time I completely disconnect.
Mark enjoying his favourite pastime – surfing
Mark and his wife at Namotu Island Resort, Nadi, Fiji
Q: Tell us 3 things that comes to your mind when we mention Maxwell Chambers.
A: Maxwell Chambers is internationally recognised as being synonymous with arbitrations. The first thing that comes to mind is a world-leading arbitration and dispute resolution centre.
The second thing is the main building and adjoining suites. The Maxwell buildings are full of character, and surrounded by modern towers.
The third is Sir Peter Benson Maxwell. Not many people know that Maxwell Road and Maxwell Chambers are named after him.
arbitrationcounselinternational arbitrationinterviewinterviewsmark johnston qcMaxwellmaxwell 42maxwell chambersmaxwell chambers suitesqueen's counselsingapore


I would like to replicate what's is above, in PyTorch, using my own datasets and other related datasets available online.
The aim being to calculate which of the datasets available online is more similar in domain.
Data can be provided, or, if you wish (as it may be more convenient for yourself) you can use some toy data (therefore won't be required to download and have transferred GBs of images), and I can replicate the process locally.
As discussed previously. As discussed previously. As discussed previously. As discussed previously. As discussed previously. As discussed previously. As discussed previously.
No all over my proposal are to disappointed and very lazy item to add that. And i don't know to how is it work. Please to need help.
In-Depth Knowledge of Python,tensorflow and Pytorch. Experience Working with Deep Learning Algorithms.


text:
Supported content marketing
Pitch to us
Supported content
SciDev.Net Plus
Weekly news alert
Health policymaker newsletter
Editions Global
Home / Environment / Opinion
Waste does not exist: there is only post-trash
Low- and middle- income countries often have poorly developed waste management systems and uncontrolled refuse disposal Copyright: Image by vkingxl from Pixabay
Global waste generation is set to rise by 70 per cent by 2050
Developing countries face particular challenges in handling waste
It is imperative that reuse of materials is maximised
By: Goverdhan Mehta, Alain Krief, Henning Hopf and Stephen A. Matlin
By: Goverdhan Mehta, Alain Krief, Henning Hopf, Stephen A. Matlin
With waste generation set to soar in developing regions, material reuse is crucial, say experts from the International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development (IOCD).
On Earth Day (22 April 2019), it is sobering to recall that the World Bank has estimated that global generation of solid waste currently exceeds 2 billion tonnes per year and will rise by 70 per cent by 2050.
Plastics alone account for about 12 per cent of the current total of municipal solid waste.
Waste is generally regarded as any material discarded because it is a by-product or a product that is no longer of use. It is associated with a lack of value, as captured in alternative terms such as garbage, junk, rubbish and trash.
"We need to stop thinking of any materials as being waste and the very concept of waste matter should disappear."
IOCD members Henning Hopf, Alain Krief, Goverdhan Mehta, Stephen A. Matlin
But we increasingly understand that this negative view has become inappropriate and that a more positive approach is necessary to achieve sustainability.
Waste is a particular problem for developing countries. This is not because they produce more. While only accounting for 16 per cent of the world's population, high-income countries generate about 34 per cent of the world's waste.
However, in the fastest growing regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East and North Africa total waste generation is expected to nearly triple, double, and double, respectively by 2050.
In principle, every material can be reused, so that what has been discarded is actually material awaiting further use.
All matter is made from the same elements in different combinations, and capable of being transformed into other substances by chemical or biological processes.
In a world of finite resources, with enormous quantities of discarded matter damaging Earth's environment and biodiversity, it is imperative that this further use is maximised.
Carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of wood and fossil fuels and concrete production have generated a significant increase in global temperature over the last century. And energy production from burning waste has added to those in recent years.
Attention globally is now being given to capturing this carbon dioxide and either storing it long-term (e.g. buried in abandoned mines or under the seabed) or converting it into products like refrigerants, carbonated drinks, fuels and fertilizers.
Effort is being directed to developing artificial photosynthesis, with the sun's energy harnessed to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen, imitating the natural process in plants.
Developing countries face a triple challenge in handling waste:
Low- and middle- income countries often have poorly developed waste management systems, so refuse is discarded in an uncontrolled manner or its disposal is not environmentally safe.
India's award-winning Trashonomics education programme is one of many initiatives aiming to reduce production and uncontrolled discarding of garbage through behaviour change.
Some low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America have become destinations for waste and scrap products produced in high income countries. Richer countries may find it cheaper to export waste than manage it at home under strict regulations but disposal in other countries can be more environmentally damaging.
Some low- and middle-income countries seek to recover valuable constituents from imported waste, but may not adopt or enforce adequate standards of environmental protection.
The 3R Initiative (Reduce, Re-use and Recycle) strives to make effective use of cycling of resources and materials. Agreed by the 2004 G8 Summit, it has been adopted by many countries, notably in Asia, and become a core feature of the so-called 'circular economy'.
This approach aims to break the global 'take, make, consume and dispose' pattern of growth.
While increasing attention to these approaches is extremely welcome, we need a fundamental shift in global thinking if they are to have maximum impact.
Language itself conditions attitude and the word 'waste' needs to be replaced by a term with more positive connotations, that encourages constructive thinking about what is currently discarded.
Environmental degradation threat to health, says UN
Protecting biodiversity 'may clash with pursuit of MDGs'
Forty per cent of global e-waste comes from Asia
Report slams global failure to curb emissions
We propose the new term 'post-trash'. Examples of post-trash include manufacturing and agricultural by-products, product packaging, and the products themselves when no longer wanted.
The shift in language will signal a change in how matter is perceived when it is no longer needed for the original purpose and encourage the question "what can we now do with this matter?"
Of course, there will be many occasions when reuse is not economically or technically viable. But as history repeatedly shows, new technologies and applications are constantly emerging.
We must reuse post-trash as much as practical and learn how it can be efficiently and safely stored, instead of allowing waste to be discarded and contaminate our environment.
IOCD members Henning Hopf, Alain Krief, Goverdhan Mehta, and Stephen A. Matlin
More on Environment
'Acidifying, warming seas affecting seafood supplies'
Haiti's lead levels 'a warning for other countries'
TB epidemic 'could flare in near future'
Gorillas, coffee, and communities
Q&A: Uganda's first wildlife vet wants to change world
The road to climate justice
COP26 climate summit: facts and figures
Can COP26 live up to climate finance hype?
World 'needs climate watchdog' to keep eye on govts
Road to COP27: nature, people and carbon markets
Universal healthcare 'shouldn't cost the earth'
Developing countries 'deeply frustrated' by COP26 outcome
Corrections/Feedback


budget web hosting church budget web hosting church In an HTML document, PHP script (similar syntax to that of Perl or C ) is enclosed within special PHP tags. Because PHP is embedded within tags, the author can jump between HTML and PHP (similar to ASP and Cold Fusion) instead of having to rely on heavy amounts of code to output HTML. And, because PHP is executed on the server, the client cannot view the PHP code. PHP can perform any task that any CGI program can do, but its strength lies in its compatibility with many types of databases. Also, PHP can talk across networks using IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3, or HTTP.
budget web hosting church PHP was created sometime in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf. During mid 1997, PHP development entered the hands of other contributors. Two of them, Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, rewrote the parser from scratch to create PHP version 3 (PHP3). Python: Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It is often compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme or Java.
budget web hosting church Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has modules, classes, exceptions, very high level dynamic data types, and dynamic typing. There are interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various windowing systems (X11, Motif, Tk, Mac, MFC). New built-in modules are easily written in C or C++. Python is also usable as an extension language for applications that need a programmable interface.
budget web hosting church POP3 Email Accounts These are your Email mail boxes on our server that can be accessed directly to retrieve your mail using such programs as Eudora, Outlook Express, and Netscape Mail. Each POP3 account has its own password to ensure privacy. You can check your Email from anywhere around the world if you have access to the Internet. RAID RAID, short for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, is a method whereby information is spread across several disks, using techniques such as disk striping (RAID Level 0) and disk mirroring (RAID level 1) to achieve redundancy, lower latency and/or higher bandwidth for reading and/or writing, and recoverability from hard-disk crashes. Over six different types of RAID configurations have been defined.


text:
Die Chervò S.p.A. ist ein Textilhersteller mit Sitz in Costermano, Italien. Das Unternehmen wurde 1982 von den beiden in Seis am Schlern lebenden Brüdern Manfred und Peter Erlacher gegründet.

Herkunft des Namens
Der Name Chervò ist ein Kunstwort und entgegen der italienischen Aussprache wird das führende "Ch" von Chervò weich (Scherwò) ausgesprochen. Das Unternehmen hieß ursprünglich Caribou. Dieser Name konnte jedoch nicht weltweit geschützt werden, so dass man über das italienische Wort für Hirsch, "cervo", schließlich bei Chervò landete.

Weblinks
 Englischsprachige Website von Chervò

Produzierendes Unternehmen (Textilbekleidung)
Bekleidungsmarke
Unternehmen (Venetien)
Costermano sul Garda

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Both of these teams held a 4-2 record in the Last 32 of the Eurocup but this is a home arena that has already witnessed some big wins in the European environment this season. This means that Oldenburg may be keen to get out with a minor deficit for the second leg but this is certainly a game that can go either way depending on how well either team performs.
Strasbourg will feel confident about this game. The fact that the French team has already defeated reigning Euroleague champions Real Madrid and Fenerbahce Istanbul, a team in a brilliant run of form, at home this season gives them the righty to feel confident at home. However, things have been tricky of late for the French side, losing two games in a row. One game that can turn that around though and there are signs that Strasbourg are still ticking along nicely with respect to Europe this season.
The Germans will not be too concerned about playing away from home as they are 4-2 in their last 6 Eurocup away games. They'll be looking to maintain their positive form away from home and go further in the tournament. This is the first time that Oldenburg have played in the Eurocup Last 16 but seeing as they are now here, they'll be keen to continue their progress as far as they can. The Germans topped Group I of the Last 32 with an average of 82.3 points per game and if they maintain this form, they could place themselves into a healthy position for the return leg.
The bookies think the host team will take control of the tie but taking EWE Baskets Oldenburg at +5, which you can find at odds of 1.90 isn't a bad bet. The Over/Under bet is on offer and you should look to go OVER 155.0 at odds of 1.90. Given the scoring record of both teams, we could see a lot of points on the scoreboard in this game. Bet Now!


text:
Oregons baskeball court
Thread starter BaSICCally
Wanna Join? New users you can now register lightning fast using your Facebook or Twitter accounts.
Wide World of Sports
BaSICCally
Sicc OG
As much as I hate Oregon, I actually like their new basketball floor
Unknownn
cool concept. ugly colors. almost distracting. it should be green
^^yea, pretty much...looks dope but looks a little loud...wonder how it looks in person...
SouthernComfort
Damn, surprised someone made a post about this. Pics came out a few months ago about what the court looked like. I think its dope, but a lil too much (even for duck standards, lol)
90'sBayPlayer
http://solecollector.com/Sneakers/News/Oregon-Opens-Matthew-Knight-Arena-In-Style/
More Pics
SC_408
looks stupid as fuck IMO.
Oregon got long ass NIke money! They got some sicc ass facilties
2-0-Sixx
www.socialistworld.net
it's different, so i like it.
took me a second to figure out wtf was going on. I thought it was just supposed to be like a faded ass paint job at first before i spotted the trees
saw the game on espn last night. took a minute to figure it out but i liked it.
the company i work for was designing that floor. would have been a pain in the ass with the different shades of stain.
JLMACN
WWW.YABITCHDONEME.COM
I mean.....uh....ya know...
I mean.......shit! you know what Im trying to say
If Oregons floor could talk^^^^^^
Looks distracting...I think I would rather have it all green like Boise State's football turf(its blue)..
Robby2Slobby
I don't think it came off well on TV at all.
drunkaholic707
FUCK LA
Distracting glare detracts from first game at Oregon's new arena
If USC coach Kevin O'Neill had the urge to cover his eyes to avoid watching his team's discouraging 68-62 loss to last-place Oregon on Thursday night, he can at least take solace that he wasn't alone.
TV viewers from coast to coast had the same experience as a result of the headache-inducing glare from the iridescent ribbon board lining the upper level of Oregon's newly built Matthew Knight Arena.
The above photo offers a glimpse of the blinding reflection visible throughout the first-ever game at the $237 million arena built to replace venerable MacArthur Court. Add in the fact that the ribbon board changed color from white to yellow to green to blue every few seconds, and it made watching the game feel like staring into a strobe light.
[Related: High school unveils crazy-colored football field]
Hard as it may be to believe, complaints over the glare actually overshadowed reaction to the unveiling of Oregon's crazy new basketball floor. The court is framed on all sides by a forest of brown-and-tan fir trees, an homage to the school's picturesque Pacific Northwest setting and to Oregon's 1939 national title team nicknamed "The Tall Firs."
Like the famed blue "Smurf Turf" at Boise State's football stadium, Oregon's forest floor is meant to be an iconic design that will immediately be recognizable to TV viewers nationwide. The design already generated buzz this summer and will surely draw more attention in the coming weeks.
Considering how much thought went into everything from the steeply tiered seats to the duck's epic entrance from the rafters to the "Deep In the Woods" slogan on the floor, it's tough to believe nobody bothered to check how the court would look on TV. Whether that's true or whether somebody just signed off on the TV image too quickly, that's a pretty brutal oversight.
Maybe most frustrating of all was that FOX Sports Net announcers Steve Physioc and Marques Johnson made no reference to the glare during their broadcast.
They probably couldn't see it from their courtside seat, yet it had to be visible from their monitors. And even if it wasn't, a kind producer might have pointed out one of the dozens of complaints popping up on Twitter throughout the telecast.
[Rewind: See incredible rendering of Rays' 'sailboat' stadium]
Besides the glare, TV viewers were also unhappy with the camouflage mid-court stripe and 3-point lines. In its zeal to protect the integrity of its flashy design, it seems Nike neglected functionality by not creating enough contrast for a television audience to view any of those lines.
All these complaints are minor enough that Oregon should be able to solve them with minimal trouble.
What's a shame is that they detracted from a memorable Oregon victory in the grand opening of one of America's iconic new college basketball arenas.


Germany's Linus Gerdemann, of the T-Mobile team, won the seventh stage of the Tour de France on Saturday and took possession of the yellow jersey. The 197.5km run from Bourg-en-Bresse to Le Grand Bornand was the first in the Alps.
Germany's Linus Gerdemann scored a major upset by winning the first mountains stage of the Tour de France to pull on the race's fabled yellow jersey in Le Grand Bornand on Saturday.
Gerdemann, of T-Mobile, came over the finish line of the 197.5km run from Bourg-en-Bresse to here 40secs ahead of Spaniard Inigo Landaluze after a dramatic descent to the finish line. Euskaltel climber Landaluze had been one of two Spaniards chasing Gerdemann in the race's final 20km, after the race debutant attacked Kazakh rider Dmitriy Fofonov seven kilometres from the summit of the Colombiere ascent.
Gerdemann came over the top of the race's first category one climb after a 16km slog, with a 17-sec lead on Landaluze, who had by then overtaken a tiring Fofonov on his way up. However, if his attack on the way up set pulses racing, Gerdemann's descent provided further drama.
The 25-year-old Gerdemann flirted with disaster on more than one occasion, skirting the concrete of a roadside barrier after taking a left hand bend far too tight, and keeping his team on tenterhooks as he did everything possible to hold off his chasers. Suffering from cramps, and the fear of being caught by Landaluze, Gerdemann gritted his teeth and eventually came over the finish line in triumph.
His victory will mean a lot to a team who, almost 10 years ago to the day, triumphed in former race champion Jan Ullrich winning his first stage on the race.
Gerdemann now leads Euskaltel climber Landaluze, a former winner of the Dauphine Libéré stage race, by 1min 24sec in the race's general classification. But the race to replace disgraced American Floyd Landis is only just beginning.
Germany's Andreas Klöden still leads Evans, and another few, more realistic yellow jersey contenders, the Astana rider sitting sixth at 3:39. Klöden was riding his second day since fracturing his tailbone on Thursday's fifth stage, and the peloton's decision – or inability – to take time off the former runner-up will prove a boon to the embattled Astana team.
His team leader Alexandre Vinokourov also finished the race intact, losing no time to his main rivals despite racing for the second day with over 30 stitches in deep cuts on his knees. Vinokourov is now 44th at 5:16 behind Gerdemann.
Evans, his fellow Australian Michael Rogers, Spanish pair Oscar Pereiro and Alejandro Valverde, and American Levi Leipheimer, are all within 10secs of each other. Evans, the 30-year-old Predictor-Lotto climber, is likely to try and keep with any dangerous yellow jersey contenders before daring to strike out on his own. In the meantime he gave thanks to his team for working for him throughout the day.
Sunday's stage from here to Tignes is being tipped as the hardest day of three in total in the Alps. It features six climbs in total, three of which are graded category one, and the race's first summit finish.
Also see stage 7 live report and our stage 7 podcast.


CGIMachine-USERFORUM - A fast and easy to use 32-Bit application for your Windows 95/98/NT -Server.
A fast and easy to use 32-Bit application for your Windows 95/98/NT -Server.
A fast and easy to use 32-Bit application for your Windows 95/98/NT -Server. With the Userforum Visitors of yourwebpages can leave messages. This messages can be replied by other visitors or by directly by you. The Adminstrator can delete messages directly via the www with a password. Two HTML-files can be declared to be top and bottom of the PaGE. The USERFORUM returns one HTML-file. With the USERFORUM you can open your own support-area in less than 10 you can free download CGIMachine-USERFORUM 1.00 now.
Please be aware that Brothersoft do not supply any crack, patches, serial numbers or keygen for CGIMachine-USERFORUM,and please consult directly with program authors for any problem with CGIMachine-USERFORUM.


text:
To contact us, visit our social media handles or mail at contact@legaluplaw.com
contact@legaluplaw.com
Legal Up / Blog / Indian Laws / Arnab Goswami V State of Maharashtra – Personal Liberty
Arnab Goswami V State of Maharashtra – Personal Liberty
Priyam Tiwari
. September 29, 2021
LegalUp's Snippy – The case Arnab Goswami V State of Maharashtra is where the entire State machinery went after one man and how the Supreme Court opened at 2 am in the night to protect the personal liberty of a privileged citizen.
There is no doubt that 11th November 2020 will go down in the books as one of the red-letter days in the jurisprudence of bail orders.
The apex court of India granted bail to the Republic TV anchor Arnab Goswami and the bail was granted in a special sitting which was convened by the court especially for this matter, this act once again validated the belief that the supreme court is one of the most powerful courts of the world.
In a diverse democratic country like India, the people whom the voters have entrusted must adhere to the various constitutional norms, and out of all those norms equality tends to be one of the most important norms.
Though the judiciary is not elected by the people, their salaries do come from the hard-earned money paid by honest Indians in the form of various taxes and this fact makes the judiciary passively responsible and accountable to the people.
For someone who believes in the importance of civil liberties, this turns out to be a path-breaking judgment and sets a precedent for further cases.
This judgment also clears the stand of the Indian judiciary on the topic of civil liberties and the rights of the public.
It is pleasing to see how the bench of this case discredited the appeal or the suggestion made by the state to not look or follow the pattern being followed internationally to decide the matters in the Indian context. The court yet again followed Lord Denning's principles of freedom under the law.
The matter was heard by a division bench of the supreme, the division bench comprising justice D.Y. Chandrachud and Justice Indira Banerjee as the members of the bench.
The bench dedicated a whole day to hear the matter of the special leave petition. This petition was filed against the high court's order on the criminal appeals which denied bail to the accused.
The court heard detailed arguments from both sides which focused on article 14(right to equality), Article 19(right to freedom of speech), article 21(right to life and personal liberty) apart from the fundamental rights section 306(offence of abetment to suicide) of the Indian penal code (IPC) was also in the discussion.
Bail was sought for Arnab Goswami who also holds the position of editor-in-chief of Republic TV.
The subject matter of this case experiences a lot of popularity among the public and also enjoys clout in the journalistic as well as the political field.
The Maharashtra police arrested the journalist from his house in a way that was allegedly not completely legal.
The subject matter also faced an eight-day imprisonment period before this hearing in which he was granted bail.
On the 5th of May, 2018 a first information report (FIR) was file by a person named Akshata Anway Naik who also happens to be the wife of the victim in this case.
The FIR was regarding an alleged abetment to suicide accusation, here the husband (Anvay Naik) as well as mother-in-law (Kumud Naik) of Akshata Anway Naik had committed suicide.
Both the victims held the position of directors at an interior designing company named Concorde Design Pvt. Ltd. The FIR also alleged that there was a suicide note left by the deceased which mentioned the reason behind the suicide as non-payment of dues to their company.
The accused Arnab Goswami was arrested on the 4th of November, he was charged with sections 306 and 34 of IPC.
It was also alleged that Arnab Goswami owed a sum of 83 lacs to the deceased including the 4 crores owed by Feroz Shaikh and Rs. 55 lacs from Nitesh Sarda. Although according to the closure report submitted by the police in May 2019 no case was made against the accused.
The matter was heard by the bench on an urgent basis during the Diwali break of the court, the appeal was made after the high court rejected the bail plea on 9th November/ 2020.
At this point, legally, the magistrate has the power to either accept the closure or disagree with it.
If the magistrate agrees with the report, he shall issue a mandatory notice to the informant and then the magistrate hears the other party and decides if he/she still wants to go ahead with the closure report.
If the magistrate disagrees with the report, he/she can either proceed with the existing facts or can also order for further investigation if the facts and pieces of evidence are either not clear or not sufficient. In the present case, the magistrate accepted the report.
Whereas the informant started demanding the dues and started communicating through letters. In May 2020 the daughter of the informant met with the home minister after which the police started the re-investigation. And after the due permission of the magistrate, the statements of witnesses were noted.
The pertinent question is if the police had the power to start the investigation after a closure report has been submitted and accepted by the bench listening to the case.
Such was not allowed to the police as per the criminal procedure code of 1898 which is the older one, although after the code was amended in 1973 such provision was introduced.
The rationale behind it was given in 14.3 of the 41st Law Commission Report. The reasoning given was that the courts had taken a very restrictive and narrow approach which did not allow the police to reopen the investigation which acted as an obstruction for the investigating agencies and proved to be unfair to both the parties as this also obstructed the administration of justice. This provision embodies the principles of rule of law which forms a fair and just society.
The next big question is if the magistrate had the power to remand Arnab Goswami even though the closure report had already been accepted at an earlier stage.
The procedure established by law says that the magistrate has the power if he/she deems the remand necessary after going through the material produced against the person to be remanded. Also, the adequacy of the evidence to be satisfied is not up and open for challenge.
After the rejection of the bail plea by the magistrate, the arrestee can move to the sessions court then the high court then the supreme court as specified under the CRPC. At this point, article142 comes into play which empowers the supreme court to pass any order to administer justice completely.
Whether the Bombay high court was justified in not granting the bail to the arrestee? if not then should the arrestee be granted bail?
After a whole day of hearing the vacation bench of Dr DY Chandrachud and Indira Banerjee granted all the three accused interim bail.
All three people were also instructed to submit a personal bond of Rs. 50000 each in front of the superintendent of the jail, all the three are also required to co-operate with the ongoing investigation.
The court highlighted the fact that courts must ensure that the criminal law is not used to selectively harass the citizens. The court also observed that prima facie reports do not suggest an abetment to suicide.
The supreme court also noted that the high court did not give proper attention to the question that whether there was a prima facie case under section 306 of IPC. The bench also noted a very crucial as well as influential detail that Mr Goswami has been made a target and has been harassed at earlier instances too.
The apex court of India urged all the courts of India to follow the principle of 'Bail is the rule, jail is an exception.'
The court also said that people who don't have the means to reach out to the high court or the supreme court often suffer during the trial, also the court said that jail and police stations are the places where human dignity needs to be protected which are to be done by the judiciary.
The bench also observed that due to the rejection of the prima facie merit Bombay high court granted custody which led to the compromise of personal liberty.
Mr Goswami had filed a petition before the Bombay high court which not only requested bail but also asked the court to quash the FIR under section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which allowed the high court to pass an order to meet justice.
Arnab Goswami challenged the high court's order which denied bail. Arnab Goswami stated that the arrest was made with an intention of malice and this FIR is being used by some people 'to harass the journalist.
As per the publicly available data which was also quoted in the judgment, around 90,000 bail applications are pending in the high court of our country.
Around 1,96,861 bail applications are pending in the district courts of India. this judgment will set a precedent that will also help to expand the scope and jurisdiction of personal liberty to every corner of the country.
Tags:arnab goswami
purshottam, May 1, 2022 @ 4:41 pm Reply
ADM Jabalpur v Shivkanta Shukla - Habeas Corpus
Consumer Protection Act 1986 VS 2019: 6 key differences.