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Individuals aged 50 years or more are advised to not be zealous while presumptively wrong, or influenced of wrong conditions.
The judicial system has been used abusively of various people.
Subsequently police and sheriff concepts have also been used abusively of a bunch of people.
Threats, force, violence, and educated to subserviant roles, results conclusively that courts do not have jurisdiction over or amongst anything.
Those people who contrinue trying to use those processes are criminal.
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The concepts of this article may be considered, thought about, revised, modified, and enacted perhaps as a test model to eliminate any problems that perhaps occur.
There are problems confronting us; a world.
Regions and places with problems.
We suggest a resolve, a proposition, to end the problems and to proceed on a profitable and progressive venue.
1 = World geographic areas; a proposal that all areas geographically mapped be of the same size. A city 100 sq. miles, as examplified of Los Angeles, is almost too large to effectively govern. All the buildings, all the rooms, and the safety or the good use and good doings amongst all those rooms can not be guaranteed. Death, murders and killings, criminal activities as problems amongst those trying to attend responsibly to the world. Perhaps areas with a diameter of 50 miles is more appropriate. An individual trying to govern 1 sq. mile can not govern effectively, subsequently requires the cooperation of additional individuals. A tendency of some individuals is to be tyrannical, authoritarian, cruel and imposing penalties against those who do not conform or who do not act subserviant.
2 = Money as valuations of substances and places needs to be global, honest and true. Wages, as a consideration to be similar at all places of the world.
There is a problem of some groups getting huge chunks of money; big businesses and corporations. Executives and legislators. The expenditures of billions and trillions of money amounts, that is beyond the imagination comprehensions of individuals.
Amongst wages, perhaps each individual receiving the same amount. A problem of a big population of individuals ideologically identifying allegiant and subsequently pooling money or a money percentage for group goals, advantaging themselves while a small group of people therefore existant amongst poverty. Perhaps of people types, those with black hair receiving a budgeted money amount and subdivided for each individual, those with blonde hair receiving a similar group amount, and each blonde hair individual receiving a subdivided amount. Additional brown hair, white hair at birth, sandy hair, orange hair, khaki hair, gold hair, red hair, russet roan sable hair groups receiving similar money amounts, and each individual receiving a subdivided similar amount.
Babies and young individuals perhaps receiving the money via a trust fund availed when they become 50 years of age. If deaths, the money reverts to the general common world fund.
4 = There are different types of people. Perhaps individuals should be accessed to a group they desire to exist with, and the group of similars accepting the individual. Examplified are individuals who do not accept killing, and subsequently they existant at place perhaps exclusively for blonde hair pink skin individuals. The people who advocate killing perhaps quarantined at a place exclusively for them and their types. The necessity for security and safe protection of inhabitants is, as some people individuals or the group will try to escape and will try to invade other places.
5 = If these suggestions are tried, please inform ATZE-TM b of the projects and the results. If these suggestions function good, and the results good, then perhaps this could be tried at every place and amongst every group of people types. Inclusive are comprehensions of individuals not people who endeavor to make existences good, and they not paid any money. Horses and cattle who have contributed to people's lives, while not paid any money. Perhaps the lands should have access routes for individuals not people to migrate from coasts to opposite coasts, not threatened, safe and secure. Some of those individuals have been captured and tortured to conclusions to kill, and need education to not kill, and to not amass as a big population threatening others.
What has evolved on the world are special interest groups as a business or corporation, who have accumulated money, power, influence and advantaging themselves while subjecting others to a poverty, or fears worries. Realtor real estate, money banks, military, governing bosses bossy, franchise business ventures global, air and space dominating cartels, the police and sheriff, courts and jails threatening individuals. Presumably those individuals will not agree to any proposals, and will attempt to squelch progress. Advice is to not be violent, but to let progress and truths prevail, with times, and perhaps good conditions for all can be attained.


text:
Q: Should ChatGPT be banned on MSE itself? I'm NOT suggesting a network wide ban - that already has a separate post.
I recently noticed that a user posted a ChatGPT generated answer that totally failed to answer the question that was asked (and they didn't mention the use of ChatGPT). I custom flagged it, but I looked back at MSE, and since I don't think it's been discussed yet:
Should we ban ChatGPT answers on MSE?
I tend to lean towards banning it as there is a rather high chance of it being wrong or failing to answer the question

A: I say ban them (which they already are treated like, we've deleted quite a few already as moderators). As you mentioned, on the objective questions here those answers can be wrong (often are), so the same policy as on Stack Overflow applies.
On the subjective questions, well... Ideally, Good Subjective answers are written from experience. Something is likely informing your opinion. Don't just use the AI to regurgitate an opinion for you, write down your actual opinion and why it is the way it is. In that sense, this quote from the SO policy still applies:

GPT risks breaking readers' trust that our site provides answers written by subject-matter experts.

The subject-matter experts in this case being users with an informed opinion on anything discussed here, because they have their own experiences with the problem that's being discussed. Those are the kinds of opinions I expect to encounter on posts here, not the ones generated by our evil AI overlords.

A: Well, practically speaking it is banned to some extent. Some individual thinks they are clever and posts a reply that clearly is generated by ChatGPT and gets suspended for posting nonsense. There's no 'formal' rule because don't post crap is obvious.
I think there's an important point to be made that meta supports the network as a whole, and as such, well posts need to show understanding of the question, context and sometimes history of the network.
So far, a good chunk of ChatGPT posts we've run into fall into 3 broad categories - they tend to be new users with no apparent activity elsewhere, folks answering the question on how to detect ChatGPT or spammers. It's also invariably 'new' users or at least throwaway accounts.
And frankly I've not seen any actual 'considerate' use of the tool, nor any real awareness of the network in these posts.
Fundamentally, the way it shows a certain lack of effort, respect for the commons, is essentially plagiarism and frankly is folks trying their luck.
When we do suspensions - here's a strange thing, the users rarely respond. I got an apology on Pets where I warned someone. Here? I can suspend someone a year and... no reply. It's almost like they don't care, or want to find out if they can get away with it.
With nearly all these being 'new' users, I also feel like there's no good intent being demonstrated here.
Let's say, hypothetically - someone trained a ChatGPT type tool on - well meta. Maybe the collected works of Shog9. It answers questions perfectly with awareness of the actual question and doesn't give generic prepackaged dog chow. I'd certainly be impressed - and consider it useful. So far that has not been the case.
On the other hand, the poor quality, lack of effort and the noise these posts create mean they don't add value and should be discouraged.
Basically, I'd say 'don't try your luck' if you want to do it, and we reserve the right to deal with folks trying their luck as we deem appropriate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hi there! I need help regarding an annoying issue. Actually, my iPhone contacts shows "Maybe" against several contact names in my contacts list. What's worse, it isn't going away. Please help! My phone is running iOS 12.
We do understand the predicament that you're experiencing and are more than happy to help you with the best possible solutions for iPhone contacts coming with "Maybe". Actually, it is a feature offered by Apple that comes into action when you get to receive a call or text from an unknown number (not saved in your contact list already). Once this feature gets activated, your iPhone tries to speculate the most probable name of it, for your convenience. This doesn't always bring you the correct results but often it does.
Now that you've understood about this feature, let's explore how to resolve the issue that your iPhone Contacts comes with "Maybe" even when you are using iOS 12.
Let's suppose you receive an email or a message from an unknown number that contains a name which can be linked to it. For instance, an email or message that says, "Hi, this is Jane Willis." In such a case the 'Maybe' feature comes into play and automatically creates a contact name as 'Maybe: Jane Willis'. In such a case try disabling the 'Find Contacts in Other Apps' with the steps available below. Launch 'Settings' > tap 'Contacts' > choose 'Siri & Search' > toggle off 'Find Contacts in Other Apps'.
If the above solution doesn't bring you results then try deleting the respective contact and re-add them to your contact list if it is already in your contact list. Let's understand how.
Launch the 'Contacts' app and then delete the respective iPhone contacts that show "Maybe".
Now, re-add the same contact to your list using the 'Create New contact' option and check if it still displays 'Maybe' or not.
Get into the thread that shows 'Maybe' next to a contact and then tap on the information icon on top right to access its respective contact information. Now, hit the 'Create New Contact' or 'Add to Existing Contact' depending upon your preference to add the Maybe contact to your contact list.
There's strong chance that your respective contact that shows 'Maybe' could have changed their older number and is no longer active. This, in turn, could have triggered iPhone contacts to say "Maybe". Therefore, try connecting with the said person and reconfirm that if they have changed their phone number or not.
Sometimes, some problems can easily be resolved with a simple solution. Therefore, try deleting the message or email that is causing the problem of iPhone contacts showing "Maybe". Now, check if the problem persists or not.
To avoid the problem of iPhone contacts showing Maybe, you can check the apps those have been granted with the privilege to access your contacts and disable the access one by one to know which one is causing the problem. Head to 'Settings' > tap on 'Privacy' > select 'Contacts'. All the apps that have access to your contacts will now be visible on your screen. You can just now test one by one.
There's yet another solution to rectify the problem that iPhone contacts say "Maybe". For this you need to reset all settings of your iPhone. Here's how to do it.
Get into the 'Settings' section of your iPhone. Tap the 'General' option and scroll down to select 'Reset'. Lastly, hit the 'Reset All Settings' and confirm your actions.
If you are still reading the article, then perhaps the aforementioned solutions may have not resolved your issue of iPhone contacts showing "Maybe". Fret not, we're not done yet. This could be caused by iOS glitches, especially when there are many Maybe contacts. Here we bring you the best solution that can efficiently resolve all sorts of iOS related issues in just a matter of a few clicks. iMyFone iOS System Recovery (iOS 12 supported) is one of a kind tool which is highly proficient in resolving all iOS issues including the problem of iPhone "Maybe" contacts. Being the most trusted and recommended tool in fixing iOS problems such as iPhone stuck in recovery mode, iPhone black screen, white screen, iPhone won't turn on and so on, this tool also has the highest success rate in fixing iOS issues. So, let's now understand how to use this tool to resolve your iPhone maybe contact issue.
Step 1 – Get this powerful tool downloaded to your computer, install it and then get your device connected with your PC. Now, launch the iMyFone iOS System Recovery and opt for the 'Standard Mode' button out of the 3 modes available on your screen.
Step 2 – Next, force your device to enter the DFU/Recovery mode. For this, you need to simply follow the onscreen tutorial carefully. Once done, hop on to the next step.
Step 3 – On the next screen, the software will detect your iPhone's information and the latest compatible firmware version for it. Verify the details and hit the 'Download' button.
Step 4 – Lastly, when the firmware download is complete, you need to hit on the 'Start to Fix' button to initiate fixing up of all your iOS related issues. Wait for the process to complete and we're positive that this powerful tool will rectify your issue of iPhone contacts coming with "Maybe".


text:
Full Gospel Holy Temple Youtube
Sanders, will be honored for their strong leadership and devotion to the jurisdiction at the 64th State Holy. of Full Gospel Tabernacle COGIC in Hinesville and pastor of Greater Union Grove Church.
My Religion Is Kindness Meaning Alabama Spirituals I M Free In addition, the first 50 attendees will receive free refreshments. 8:00 p.m. "The Gandy Dancers" (Not rated) A documentary featuring the last of the black Alabama railroad workers who laid train t. (WHNT) – Using the power of music, 4 choirs from Oakwood University, Clark Atlanta University, Alabama. "All of us
The Psalter is one of the books of the Bible. The Psalms are an integral part of worship in the temple and prayer of Orthodox Christians. In the Psalms clearly expressed many feelings and experienc.
Area churches set to participate include New Home Baptist Church, Elbethel, Scott's Memorial CME, St. Violet, Galilee of Hallsville, Zion Baptist Church, Galilee of Flint, Spring Chapel CME, First Ass.
Working Preacher is a ministry brought to you by Luther Seminary. The Working Preacher team believes that God uses good biblical preaching to change lives. We have enlisted hundreds of friends — biblical scholars, theologians, homileticians and pastors dedicated to the craft of biblical preaching — to provide you timely, compelling and trustworthy content.
The church was established in June 1961 with only six members. A remnant of those six remain today as faithful charter members. Since the beginning, the handiwork of God has continually manifested itself upon the Full Gospel Holy Temple ministry.
His Full Gospel Holy Temple Church quickly outgrew its original South Dallas home and three subsequent locations before settling in a $20 million complex in the Red Bird area in 2002. Along the way, M.
Catholic Australia is Australia's leading repository of information about the Church in Australia. From the explanations of our liturgies to the most eminent Catholics who made Australia what it is, you will find it all here. And, as well, all the latest publications from Pope Francis
Sunday services at 8:30 and 11 a.m. Holy Communion celebrated every week at both services. Pennridge Christian Fellowship: Formerly Pennridge Full Gospel Tabernacle. 720 Blooming Glen Road, just of.
Community Funeral Home of Jacksonville. TEXANNA MACOYA (JONES) JONES, 27, Longview; Visitation 5:30-8 p.m. Friday at Full Gospel Holy Temple. Funeral service noon Saturday at Greater Shiloh Baptist.
BY MARTHA MAC / SO4J.com ® / SO4J-TV 50 SIGNS OF NO COMPROMISE CHRISTIAN – Looks at the Signs, Fruit, & Evidences of a No Compromise Christian or True Believer from the Scriptures in God's Word. The Purpose is to: Provoke, Exhort, and Stir the Hearts of all those who call themselves a Believer in Jesus Christ— Provoking Believers to Biblically become More & More Conformed into the.
Plan a Visit. Full Gospel Holy Temple is a church for all people and we truly believe that you come as a visitor, but you leave as family and we would love for you to join us for one of our services!
"He, Origen writes, professes to be in the Temple of his Father, the Father who has revealed himself to us and of which he says he is the Son" (Homilies on the Gospel of. into the mystery full of f.
Pastor Rosetta Lindsey is the Co-Pastor of Faith Temple Full Gospel Deliverance Center under the leadership. and state to state proclaiming God's Holy Word. Pastor Rosetta was preceded in death by.
Recently a pastor contacted me to see if I was interested in covering, for GOD TV, a concert in Jerusalem. The event was sponsored by a group called TheSanhedrin. You will recognize that name from the New Testament. The Sanhedrin was the Jewish high court and police system, overseen by 71 judges from among leading Sadducees (priests), Pharisees and Scribes.
The video, which runs three minutes and 14 seconds, also is posted on YouTube. The temple is a place of tranquility. It is a place of kindness, and love and light." President Packer said that templ.
Link to the HOME TEMPLE SCHOOL OF SACRED STUDIES. ORDINATION SEMINARS: Ordinands travel to the residence of a Home Temple Bishop in for two days of final training, retreat, fellowship, and ordination to Diaconate and/or Priesthood, or consecration to the Episcopate.
The now infamous Prime Prep Academy shut its door permanently a year ago with. State Funding: $228,759. Full Gospel Holy Temple, owner of Prime Prep's Dallas campus, started charging the school for.
May 15, 2007 · http://www.facebook.com/rickroll548 As long as trolls are still trolling, the Rick will never stop rolling.
Gospel musician, S.P Kofi Sarpong last Sunday was reprimanded. It is very unprofessional for an artiste to go on stage and tell the audience that this is a Holy Temple and so we should be careful o.
"With the restoration of the gospel in these latter days. The church recently released a series of short YouTube videos about its temple ceremonies and the underwear devout members wear. "The endow.
Old Faithful Snow Lodge Cabins Yellowstone CANYON – Area Map – Campground Map Amphitheater – Best access is via paved path from the north side of the road between the gas station and campground. Park on the shoulder. Canyon Visitor Education Center – Accessible. Food Service – Canyon Lodge: dining room, lounge, Snack Shop, and cafeteria; Yellowstone General Store: fountain service. Laundry
186 Spiritual Meaning Spiritual Forums offers discussions, links, articles, reviews, chat rooms and more on spirituality, supernatural, paranormal, philosophical and religious topics. Members can request readings from mediums and clairvoyants, report experiment results, and much more. Please join us today! meaning that of the 340 reviewed, the 64 flawed contracts were sent out to bid that way. In the
St. Mary's Holy Protection Byzantine Catholic Church. Religious education and nursery care, 10:30. Full Gospel Assembly of God, 370 Twolick Drive. Worship, 10:45. Sunday school, 9:30. Grace United.
Faith Bible Church Desoto Texas Jan 14, 2019 · THECB CEEB Codes APPENDIX M — Texas CEEB Codes Abbott Abbott High School Abernathy Abernathy High School Abilene Abilene Christian Schools Abilene High School Gospel Gigs provides information on Gospel music concerts and events in your area. Add gospel songs to your own home page and add gospel music events into our search
This week as Christmas continues, we celebrate also the feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary and Joseph. The Gospel passage. There were days full of sawdust and wood shavings in the shop, simple.
Blacks and the Priesthood. It is a historical truth that until 1978, Latter-day Saints' ecclesiastical policy prohibited black men from being ordained to the priesthood.
One tall Swiss (guard) took us through a side gate, checked us with his metal detector and finally up a winding narrow stairway to this awesome temple of God. After the deacon read the Gospel, the.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


First heard tracks from this album on the radio, so I checked it out here on CDBaby. Wow! Needless to say, I bought it immediately. "Complicated Woman" is a masterpiece song, but the other tunes on this album aren't trumped by it. Everything from southern soul, to down-low Blues to the fringe of rock, country Blues and Soul are on this one, but the album is still unmistakeably Erin McCallum. One of the best albums I have come across in the last couple of years!


So far Tony has created 55 blog entries.
Scott, Andrew and Lynette packing our last carpentry kit for Tanga today. Now the boxes have to be painted Tanga Blue . . . they are colour coded to make unloading easier. Singida kits are pink . . .
How we did . . .
Warmer News from us . . .
We are appreciated . . .


text:
Fitness award for brave St Albans teenager Bailey
Published: 12:01 PM December 12, 2014
From left, Caroline Pearce, TV presenter and fitness expert, Tony Barry, sales and marketing director at Script Marketing Solutions, award winner Bailey Sarwa, Tom Gregory, personal trainer at Westminster Lodge and Ricky Hatton, boxing legend - Credit: Photo supplied
An "inspirational" teenager from St Albans has been rewarded for regaining his fitness after battling a rare cancer twice.
At the National Fitness Awards 2014, Westminster Lodge member Bailey Sarwa, 15, won the Member Achievement Award.
The teen was nominated for the accolade by the Everyone Active team which runs the centre in partnership with St Albans district council.
After battling neuroblastoma, a cancer of specialised nerve cells, twice in the space of eight years and undergoing intense chemotherapy, radiotherapy and bone marrow transplants, Bailey was left feeling extremely fragile.
So he began having regular personal training sessions at Westminster Lodge to help rebuild his strength and fitness, helped by personal trainer Tom Gregory.
Lesley Garner, the centre's general manager, said: "We are thrilled that Bailey won this award and that all his determination and hard work with Tom has been recognised.
"He is a fighter and a true inspiration to everyone around him.
"We are very proud of Bailey and as a reward we have offered him a complimentary lifetime membership at the centre so he can continue to improve his health and fitness."
A stunned Bailey, who met boxing legend Ricky Hatton at the ceremony, said: "I can't believe I won."
Cllr Annie Brewster, the council's portfolio holder for sports, congratulated Bailey, adding, "It is an accolade that he richly deserves for all his hard work and perseverance. I am very pleased Tom and the team at Westminster Lodge are playing such a vital part in helping to rebuild Bailey's strength and fitness."


text:
Kuczora Csenge (Budapest, 2000. január 26. –) magyar junior Európa-bajnok kézilabdázó, irányító-balátlövő, a Váci NKSE és a magyar női kézilabda válogatott játékosa.

Pályafutása

Klubcsapatokban
Kuczora Csenge a Vasas csapatában nevelkedett, és mutatkozott be a magyar élvonalban. A 2017–2018-as idényben csapata kiesett az élvonalból, de a bajnokság során 97 gólt szerző játékost szerződtette a Váci NKSE, miután több mérkőzésen is csapat legjobbjaként hívta fel magára a figyelmet. 2018 októberében a Győri Audi ETO elleni bajnokin súlyos sérülést szenvedett, térdszalagszakadás miatt féléves kihagyás várt rá. 2019 nyarán tért vissza a váci csapatba, ahol az őszi szezon során fokozatosan játékba lendült, azonban a bajnokságot a koronavírus miatt félbe szakították. 2020/2021-es szezon elején újabb térdsérülést szenvedett, ami miatt összesen csak 9 tétmeccset játszott az NB1-ben. 2021/2022-es szezonban visszatért és csapata egyik legjobbjaként a váci csapattal 4. helyen végeztek a bajnokságban. Bemutatkozott az Európa Liga csoportkörben. A Magyar Nemzeti Bajnokság 2021/2022-es szezonjának gólkirálynője lett 190 góllal.

A válogatottban
2017-ben tagja volt a Győrben rendezett EYOF-on aranyérmes csapatnak és a szlovákiai korosztályos kontinenstornán bronzérmes válogatottnak is.  A súlyos térdsérüléséből való visszatérése a 2019 nyarán Győrben megrendezett junior Európa Bajnokságon történt meg. A tornát vezérletével megnyerte Magyarország. Beválasztották a torna álomcsapatába, mint az Európa Bajnokság legjobb védője.

2021-es őszi teljesítményének köszönhetően Golovin Vlagyimir, a magyar kézilabda válogatott szövetségi kapitánya meghívta a felnőtt kézilabda válogatottba. Első tétmeccsét a felnőtt válogatottban a Spanyolország elleni Európa Bajnokság selejtezőjében játszotta Tatabányán, melyen összesen 2 gólt szerzett. Első világversenye a 2022-es szlovén-montenegrói-észak-macedón közös rendezésű Európa Bajnokság volt, amin 6 meccs alatt 19 gólt szerzett.

Sikerei, díjai

Válogatottban:
Junior Európa-bajnokság:
: 2019
Európai Ifjúsági Olimpiai Fesztivál:
: 2017
Ifjúsági világbajnokság:
: 2018
U17-es Európa-bajnokság:
: 2017

Egyéni díjai:
2019-es Junior Európa-Bajnokság All Star csapatának legjobb védője
2021/2022-es Magyar Nemzeti Bajnokság gólkirálynője

Jegyzetek

Magyar női kézilabdázók
2000-ben született személyek
Élő személyek
Budapesten született személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Area Calculation: Different result between GEE and ArcGIS Can anyone explain why I got different area calculation result between GEE and ArcGIS software?
This my GEE code:
for(var x = 1; x < 5; x++) {

  var cal = image_class.eq(x).multiply(ee.Image.pixelArea())
                             .reduceRegion(ee.Reducer.sum(),
                              aoi, 20, null, null, false, 1e13, 1)

  print('ID' + x ,cal,ee.Number(cal.values().get(0)).divide(1e6).multiply(100))

}

These the results (hectares):
GEE:

*

*ID: 1 = 13,637

*ID: 2 = 30,314

*ID: 3 = 5,663

*ID: 4 = 648

GIS SOFWARE (PROJECTION: WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_49S):

*

*ID: 1 = 15,923

*ID: 2 = 27,678

*ID: 3 = 6,159

*ID: 4 = 579


text:
ACTION ALERT: Tell Goodwill to Stop Exploiting Disabled Workers
Last Friday, NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams aired a major expose on Section 14c of the Fair Labor Standards Act, a 1930s era loophole in federal labor law that lets hundreds of thousands of people with disabilities be paid less than minimum wage. As the story reported, Goodwill Industries International and their affiliates are one of the worst offenders, with thousands of employees being paid less than minimum wage. At the same time, Goodwill pays its executives handsomely. Goodwill's CEO, John Gibbons, was paid $729,000 in salary and deferred compensation in 2011. Goodwill CEOs across the country frequently receive exorbitant compensation. The CEO of Goodwill's affiliate in Portland, Oregon made over $500,000, while Goodwill of Southern California paid the jaw-dropping sum of $1.1 million to their CEO. Salaries for Goodwill CEOs at affiliates paying less than minimum wage totaled over $20 million.
If Goodwill can afford to pay its executives such exorbitant salaries, it can afford to do right by disabled workers. Help us hold them accountable. Using the link below, you can send a message to Goodwill's senior leadership telling them that until they end the use of subminimum wage, they won't have your donations or your support. Americans with disabilities deserve better. Shame on you, Goodwill Industries.Â


text:
Canadian Docs Won't Authorize Cannabis, Leaving Patients In Pain
By Steve Elliott ~alapoet~ on October 31, 2011 Global, Medical
A full decade after Canada legalized medical marijuana, most doctors in the Great White North are still refusing to sign the forms that patients need to get access to cannabis — meaning patients in pain risk jail if they use what works best to help keep them functional.
Far from improving, the predicament seems likely to get worse because of proposed changes to how Health Canada regulates access to marijuana, reports Sharon Kirkey of Postmedia News.
To the casual observer, it may seem that the government is actually easing up on the strict rules for obtaining medicinal cannabis. Health Canada has proposed removing itself as the ultimate authority in approving or rejecting medical marijuana applications.
Instead, doctors alone would sign off on medicinal cannabis requests.
But the proposals would have the perverse effect of putting even greater pressure on medical doctors to control access to a substance most of them know little to nothing about, according to Canada's largest doctors' group. Their licensing bodies have told physicians they are under no obligation to complete a medical declaration under the current regulations, and that anyone who chooses to authorize marijuana for patients should "proceed with caution."
The changes being proposed would essentially switch all responsibility for okaying and monitoring medical marijuana to the doctors who sign an authorization — "and they'd be kind of out there, without any infrastructure around them to assess it, to monitor it and to know if they were doing the right thing," said Dr. John Haggie, president of the 75,000-member Canadian Medical Association.
"I don't think that's appropriate or fair," Haggie said.
Doctors reportedly fear doing harm, exposing themselves to legal liability and becoming the "go-to" source for people who want marijuana not for pain but for pleasure.
Haggie said that although physicians want fundamental research into medicinal cannabis, the Conservative government of Canada abruptly cut off a medical marijuana research program in 2006.
According to Health Canada, the government believes medicinal cannabis research is "best undertaken by the private sector, such as pharmaceutical companies."
And of course, Big Pharma isn't going to research any medical benefits of dried marijuana flowers, since it's so hard for them to make any money on something people can grow for themselves. What they'll study — if anything at all regarding marijuana — is how to best make it into pills and tinctures upon which hefty profits can be made.
Microscope to Stethoscope
Dr. Mark Ware: No drug company wants to evaluate smoked cannabis as medicine "because there's no money in it for them"
The logic behind Health Canada's position is faulty, according to a world leader in cannabis research.
"I cannot imagine how a government agency can supervise [a marijuana access]program knowing that there is very little data out there — on safety issues in particular — and not try to stimulate research," said Dr. Mark Ware, head of the Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids, a nonprofit network of more than 150 clinicians and researchers investigating the potential of cannabinoids to treat conditions ranging from arthritis to glaucoma.
No drug company wants to evaluate smoked cannabis as medicine, said Ware, director of clinical research at the Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit at McGill University Health Centre, "because there's no money in it for them." Funding agencies have been less than approachable, he added, because nobody wants to support studies involving a product that's often smoked.
"They don't see it as a safe, viable drug delivery system," said Ware.
Could it really be that potential researchers really don't know about alternate delivery methods such as vaporization and cannabis-infused edibles?
Ware said he wonders how much the government's pronounced disinterest in marijuana research might be tied to its "tough-on-crime" political agenda — "that somehow facilitating research on medicinal cannabis is a way of accepting that it may have some value as a medicine."
The Montreal doctor received about $2 million under the now-terminated government medical marijuana research program. In a study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal last year that involved 21 patients with neuropathic pain, Ware's group found that smoked cannabis at low doses reduces pain, improves mood and helps sleep, without making people high.
All of the test patients had "refractory" pain, meaning pain that had defied all conventional treatments, including opiate and opioid narcotics. No serious or unexpected side effects were reported.
Ware said that for patients for whom it works, cannabis can achieve about a 30 percent reduction in pain intensity, and has never caused a proven overdose death.
allcreatorsgifts
Canadian medical marijuana patient Matthew Mernagh, left, and lawyer Paul Lewin outside the Court of Appeal in June
Health Canada claimed the proposed changes to the program — which would include removing the rights of patients to grow their own cannabis or to appoint designated growers, forcing them to get their marijuana from a government-licensed commercial producer instead — would make the program less complicated for the seriously ill people who use it.
Toronto lawyer Paul Lewin said that's hogwash.
Doctors are already boycotting the medical marijuana program en masse, according to Lewin. He said medical regulators and insurers sent letters to the Canadian government, "saying, 'Don't put us in charge, don't make us a gatekeeper, we don't know anything about pot, this is a plant product, it's an unapproved drug."
Lewin said the court heard stories of how some doctors encouraged patients to try marijuana for pain. The patients would return, reporting that the cannabis was helping and that they were feeling less pain.
But when they asked the doctors to sign their medical marijuana authorization forms, "that's when the mood changes," Lewin said. "That's when they say, 'Get out. I'm not risking my practice over you.' " (Editor's note: I had the same experience in the U.S.; hi, Dr. Stephens.)
Lewin's client, Matt Mernagh, started growing cannabis when it found it provided some relief from chronic pain and other symptoms of scoliosis, fibromyalgia and epilepsy. But Mernagh couldn't get a license to grow, because he couldn't find a doctor willing to sign his authorization.
Police found Mernagh's plants in 2008 when they were in his apartment building on another call. He was charged with cannabis production.
Lewin took the case to the Superior Court in Ontario. The court declared Canada's federal medical marijuana program unconstitutional. The case is scheduled to go to the Court of Appeal for Ontario in March.
The proposed changes to the marijuana access program are likely to scare off even more of the few doctors who had been willing to sign authorizations, meaning "more seriously ill, law-abiding Canadians will be wrongfully treated as criminals" and subjected to humiliating arrests, medicine confiscations and possibly even jail time, Lewin said.
Doctors need education and guidance, according to Ware.
The consortium of cannabinoid researchers said it's not only easier and cheaper for patients to grow their own supply of marijuana, but the act of growing their own medicine may be therapeutic in itself.
"It gives them a sense of control and ownership of their health and treatments," Ware said.
This CBC story has a poll in which you can vote on whether the Canadian government should fund medical marijuana research:
http://www.cbc.ca/news/yourcommunity/2011/10/should-the-federal-government-fund-medical-marijuana-research.html
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text:
Auburn, New York
Fort Hill Cemetery
This former Native-American site is the final resting place of Harriet Tubman and other famous historical figures.
An art deco bench in Fort Hill Cemetery. Sgath92/cc by-sa 4.0
Harriet Tubman's gravestone Lvklock/cc by-sa 3.0
Logan's Monument finzach135 (Atlas Obscura User)
The chapel and cemetery gatehouse. Sgath92/cc by-sa 4.0
Tucked away in the colonial town of Auburn, New York—or "Prison City" as it's sometimes referred to for being the birthplace of both the Auburn prison system and the electric chair—is Fort Hill Cemetery. Established in 1852, this burial ground has a unique history stretching beyond that initial dedication, as the site is believed to have been used as a fortified hill fort by a local Native-American tribe in the mid-16th century.
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Faint traces of the outline of the fort can still be seen today in the topography of the cemetery as you make your way through the Gothic archway of the Bradley Chapel, built in 1893, which serves as a gateway to the grounds. Once in the cemetery, prepare to get lost in the rich history of the Auburn community, starting with a visit to the 56-foot obelisk built to commemorate Chief Logan of the Iroquois Indians, who once famously asked, "Who is there to mourn for Logan?" after his family was murdered by European settlers.
Next, make your way to Harriet Tubman's grave and pay respects to the abolitionist who risked her life numerous times as a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad and as a spy during the Civil War. From there, you can also visit the grave of former U.S. Secretary of State William Henry Seward, or famed inventor Theodore Case, or maybe Auburn's founder and Revolutionary War veteran, John Hardenburg.
Or, simply stroll through the scenic grounds with no destination in mind and admire the area, which is so beautiful it was initially proposed to be a park. No matter what paths you take within the cemetery, you are certain to find yourself engulfed in the history and beauty of Fort Hill.
Maps at the Cemetery Office have a walking tour of the grounds with the locations of the notable gravestones.
abolitionsimlocal historyfortsnative americansgraveyardscemeterieshistory
finzach135
http://www.forthillcemetery.net/
19 Fort St
Seneca Falls, New York
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This statue commemorates the meeting of the most influential minds of the women's rights movement.
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Wesleyan Chapel
What remains of the simple red brick chapel where the women's rights movement began.
Bridge Street Bridge
A suicide attempt on this bridge helped inspire the classic film "It's a Wonderful Life."
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Launch vegetables using oversized slingshots at this Fingerlakes winery's roadside attraction.
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This tiny weathered plot is one of the oldest Jewish cemeteries in Scotland.
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Friar's Bush Graveyard
Celebrated in poem, this tiny hidden cemetery has a big and grisly history.
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patentlyGerman
New developments in German patent law
Datenschutz/Data protection
Amicus curiae brief in the case G1/15 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the EPO
Posted on March 8, 2016 by Alexander Esslinger
I herewith publish my amicus curiae brief, which I filed on February 27, 2016 in the case G1/15 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the EPO relating to the issue of so-called "poisonous divisionals" under the EPC (photograph by sporst):
This amicus curiae brief is submitted in accordance with Art. 10 of the Rules of Procedure of the Enlarged Board of Appeal providing observations on question 5 of the questions referred to the Enlarged Board of Appeal by the Technical Board of Appeal 3.3.06 in the case T 0557/13, pending as G1/15. The opinions expressed in the brief are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Betten & Resch or any of its clients.
The case G1/15 relates to the issue of self-collision between parent and divisional applications as mutual prior art documents under Art. 54(3) EPC, a situation which became notorious as "toxic divisional" or "poisonous divisional" problem. Surprisingly, this issue has come up for the first time only in September 2012 with the still singular Appeal Board decision T 1496/11, despite the large number of divisional applications pending or having been granted under the EPC since it coming into force in 1978.
The "toxic" situation occurs when of two related European patent applications EP1, EP2 (either parent or divisional) both claiming the same priority date P of an earlier application (either national or European) one application (e.g. EP1) comprises a patent claim containing a generalization with respect to the priority application such that the claim of EP1 as a whole cannot validly claim the priority date P of the earlier application and at the same time EP2 comprises a specific embodiment which can validly claim the priority date P. The specific embodiment of EP2 validly claiming priority P thus is novelty-destroying prior art under Art. 54(3) for the generalized claim of EP1 not enjoying priority P.
In the case T 1496/11 (referring decision T 0557/13, Reasons 15.1.7) claim 1 of the parent patent was directed to a security document including a security device which comprised a functionally defined "feature (10) which can be inspected, enhanced or optically varied by the optical lens when …". The priority document disclosed only a "printed or embossed" feature for this purpose. The board concluded (Reasons, 2.1) that the claimed subject-matter had been generalized by omitting the more specific indication and thus encompassed security devices including features produced by other means. Hence, it did not constitute the same invention as that set out in the priority document (Article 87(1) EPC). Consequently, the subject-matter of claim 1 was found to be only entitled to the filing date of the parent application upon which the patent had been granted. The board went on to conclude that the subject-matter of claim 1 lacked novelty under Article 54(3) EPC over an embodiment disclosed in its published European divisional application. This embodiment was identically disclosed in the priority document and was hence entitled to the claimed priority date. Therefore it anticipated the subject-matter of claim 1 of the parent patent, which was not entitled to the priority.
As the situation that a priority application contains one or multiple specific embodiments and relatively narrow claims and a later European or PCT patent application has broader claims is rather common for users of the patent system due to continuous improvements of the claimed invention, the conclusion is obvious that poisonous parent or divisional applications "killing" their relatives are rather common and threaten a substantial number of European patents, in particular if national invalidity courts would follow T 1496/11 in applying Art. 54(3) EPC to parent/divisional applications.
One possibility to avoid this highly undesirable situation for patent owners is to entitle the generalized claim partial priorities such that those parts of the claimed scope which are disclosed in the priority document can enjoy its priority and the remainder of the claimed scope enjoys the priority of the filing date. The specific example enjoying the earlier priority date thus anticipates only those parts of the generalized claim which validly claims the same priority, thus not forming novelty-destroying prior art under Art. 54(3) EPC. Or, in the words used in the referring decision T 0557/13, a "generic OR-claim" encompassing alternative subject-matter by virtue of one or more generic expressions or otherwise may be entitled to partial priority. This solution to the toxic divisional problem is dealt with in questions 1 – 4 of G1/15. The present amicus curiae brief, however, focuses exclusively on the general question of whether or not parent and divisional applications can be mutual prior art under Art. 54(3) EPC at all, that is, question 5 of G1/15, which reads as follows:
5. If an affirmative answer is given to question 1, may subject-matter disclosed in a parent or divisional application of a European patent application be cited as state of the art under Article 54(3) EPC against subject-matter disclosed in the priority document and encompassed as an alternative in a generic "OR"-claim of the said European patent application or of the patent granted thereon?
In my view, question 5 should be answered independent from the answers to questions 1 – 4, and it should be answered in the negative. Both issues – partial priorities and the application of Art. 54(3) to parent/divisional applications – are very important as such, but not necessarily dependent on each other. Allowing partial priorities under the "conceptual approach" suggested in T 1127/00 to distinguishing "a limited number of clearly defined subject-matters" as required by decision G2/98 is essential not only to establish novelty of an EP application having a generic "OR"-claim over a specific embodiment contained in its divisional or parent application, but also over such specific embodiment contained in its national or European priority application. The eligibility to partial priorities under the "conceptual approach" is therefore to be affirmed. Conversely, the eligibility of divisional/parent applications or patents as prior art under Art. 54(3) EPC is a fundamental question of patent law under the EPC, which should be clarified by the Enlarged Board of the Appeal, also in order to serve as precedence for national invalidity courts in Europe.
2. Applying Art. 54(3) EPC to parent/divisional applications is inconsistent with the right to file divisional applications
According to Art. 76(1) EPC
(1) A European divisional application shall be filed directly with the European Patent Office in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. It may be filed only in respect of subject-matter which does not extend beyond the content of the earlier application as filed; in so far as this requirement is complied with, the divisional application shall be deemed to have been filed on the date of filing of the earlier application and shall enjoy any right of priority.
This provision prescribes the right of the applicant of a European patent application to file a divisional application, which shall enjoy any right of priority of the parent application. Likewise, under Art. 4G of the Paris Convention
(1) If the examination reveals that an application for a patent contains more than one invention, the applicant may divide the application into a certain number of divisional applications and preserve as the date of each the date of the initial application and the benefit of the right of priority, if any.
(2) The applicant may also, on his own initiative, divide a patent application and preserve as the date of each divisional application the date of the initial application and the benefit of the right of priority, if any. Each country of the Union shall have the right to determine the conditions under which such division shall be authorized.
an applicant has the explicit right to a divisional application, either according to paragraph (1) in response to a non-unity objection of the patent examiner or according to paragraph (2) in his/her own right. The EPC constitutes, according to its preamble, a "special agreement within the meaning of Article 19 of the Paris Convention". Hence, it shall not contravene the basic principles concerning priority laid down in the Paris Convention (Referring decision T 0557/13, Reasons 12.1; G 2/98, Reasons, 3).
It is very clear that a specific example or embodiment in the description of a European patent application cannot be cited as prior art under Art. 54(3) for a generalized claim (generic-OR-claim) in the very same application, even if the specific example can validly claim an earlier priority date as the generalized claim. Art. 76 (1) EPC as well as Art. 4G of the Paris Convention give the applicant the right to file a divisional application under the same conditions (same filing date, dame priority date) as the parent application. If the act of making use of this right through filing a divisional application retroactively creates prior art not present before and posing a high risk of invalidating not only the divisional but also the patent application, the applicant cannot properly enjoy this right to a divisional application but is at least partly deprived of the right to a patent for his/her invention disclosed to the public. The applicant should with respect to novelty over the prior art of the invention disclosed in the patent application not be in a worse position after filing the divisional application than before filing it. Applying Art. 54(3) EPC to parent/divisional applications is thus inconsistent with the right of the applicant to file divisional applications according to Art. 76 EPC as well as Art. 4G of the Paris Convention and therefore could in my view not have been the intention of the drafters of the EPC.
3. Applying Art. 54(3) EPC to parent/divisional applications is inconsistent with the purpose of Art. 54(3) EPC
Art. 54 EPC defines the prior art when assessing novelty and inventive step of European patent applications:
Article 54 EPC (Novelty)
(2) The state of the art shall be held to comprise everything made available to the public by means of a written or oral description, by use, or in any other way, before the date of filing of the European patent application.
(3) Additionally, the content of European patent applications as filed, the dates of filing of which are prior to the date referred to in paragraph 2 and which were published on or after that date, shall be considered as comprised in the state of the art.
It recites two types of prior art, namely prepublished prior art according to Art. 54(2) EPC and fictional prior art ("shall be considered as comprised in the state of the art") according to Art. 54(3) EPC. The latter is only relevant for the establishment of novelty but irrelevant for judging inventive step (Art. 56 EPC).
From the wording of the provision ("the content of European patent applications") it is not clear, whether or not parent or divisional applications of a European patent application under consideration should be regarded as part of that fictional prior art.
The purpose of Art. 54(3) EPC is to avoid double patenting, that is to ensure that only the first applicant filing an application directed to the same subject-matter will be granted a patent. This can be directly seen from the travaux préparatoires to both the EPC 1973 and the EPC 2000 (detailed discussion and references enclosed in the amicus curiae brief of Vossius & Partner dated November 17, 2015, pages 4 – 7):
"The Chairman then summarized the discussion stressing that the basic idea was that only one patent could be granted for one invention." (Travaux préparatoires to the EPC 1973, document 9081/IV/63-E-Final, page 69, fifth paragraph)
"Article 54(3) EPC contains a legal fiction (…). The purpose of this provision is to include European prior rights into the state of the art in order to preclude double patenting." (Travaux préparatoires to the EPC 2000, document CA/PL 17/99 e, page 1, items 1 to 2).
This was also confirmed by Enlarged Board of Appeal in its decisions G 1/03 (Reasons, 2.2.2) of April 8, 2004 and in G 2/98 (Reasons, 8.1) of May 31, 2001.
One should keep in mind, however, that with the formulation of Art. 54(3) EPC the "prior claim approach" to double patenting (which was e.g. applied in German patent law before the introduction of the EPC and the accompanying harmonization of substantive European patent law) was replaced by the "whole content approach", which excludes from patent protection everything which was disclosed in an earlier filed, later published EP application. Therefore only the first inventor to file a patent application has the right to the patent to the disclosure in this application and later applicants are precluded from obtaining a patent therefor.
Applying Art. 54(3) to parent or divisional applications is contrary to the purpose of avoiding double patenting also according to the "whole content approach" for the following reasons:
(i) Double patenting in parent/divisional applications is handled in the examination proceedings at the EPO by refusing a divisional application if it claims the same subject-matter as a pending parent application or a granted parent patent, as confirmed by the Enlarged Board of Appeal in its decision G 1/05 (Reasons, 13.4):
"The Board accepts that the principle of prohibition of double patenting exists on the basis that an applicant has no legitimate interest in proceedings leading to the grant of a second patent for the same subject-matter if he already possesses one granted patent therefor. Therefore, the Enlarged Board finds nothing objectionable in the established practice of the EPO that amendments to a divisional application are objected to and refused when the amended divisional application claims the same subject-matter as a pending parent application or a granted parent patent."
That is, to avoid double patenting between parent/divisional applications, the later examined application is refused based on the principle of avoiding double patenting applying the "prior claim approach", but not through the application of Art. 54(3) EPC.
(ii) The effect of applying Art. 54(3) to parent/divisional applications does not serve the purpose of preventing double patenting. Four different cases can be distinguished:
(1) The parent/divisional applications EP1, EP2 do not claim earlier priority dates such that the effective filing date of both applications is the actual filing date, which is by definition identical for both applications. They therefore cannot form prior art to each other under Art. 54(3) EPC, requiring an earlier date of one application, even if the claimed subject-matter is identical. In this case double patenting would be possible even when applying Art. 54(3) EPC to parent/divisional applications.
(2) Both parent/divisional applications EP1, EP2 claim earlier priority date P. The claims of both applications are identical and both can validly claim priority P. Again, the applications cannot form prior art to each other under Art. 54(3) EPC, even though the claimed subject-matter is identical. Therefore double patenting likewise cannot be prevented by application of Art. 54(3) EPC to parent/divisional applications.
(3) Both parent/divisional applications EP1, EP2 claim earlier priority date P. The claims of both applications are identical, but generalized with respect to priority application P such that both EP1 and EP2 cannot validly claim priority P but only the respective filing dates EP1 = EP2. Assuming that both applications EP1 and EP2 contain the same embodiment validly claiming priority P (the typical situation), then both applications form prior art to each other under Art. 54(3) EPC and none of it survives, even if the applicant would withdraw one of the applications after its publication. Again, not double patenting would be prevented by application of Art. 54(3) EPC, but both applications would be invalidated even if the applicant would itself avoid double protection by withdrawing one of the applications.
(4) Both parent/divisional applications EP1, EP2 claim earlier priority date P. The claims of both applications are not identical, EP1 being generalized with respect to priority application P such that EP1 cannot validly claim priority P, but EP2 can. Then EP2 would form prior art under Art. 54(3) EPC with respect to EP1, but not vice versa. Therefore EP2 would survive, but not EP1. Thus, one application would be eliminated, but because the claims are different. The effect again is contrary to avoiding double patenting.
In conclusion, the application of Art. 54(3) to parent/divisional applications of the European patent application under consideration is in clear contradiction to the purpose of this provision to avoid double patenting.
4. Self-collision between parent and divisional applications in other jurisdictions
1) USA:
According to 35 U.S.C. § 102 (a) (2) an earlier filed and later published patent application (prior application) directed to the same invention is only to be regarded as prior art, if it names another inventor. Therefore, self-collision between parent and divisional applications is explicitly excluded (Report of the Tegernsee experts group: Treatment of conflicting applications; September 24, 2012, paragraphs 64 – 65, enclosed to this brief)
2) Japan:
According to Article 29-2 of the Japanese Patent Act an earlier filed and later published patent application (prior application) directed to the same invention (using the "whole content approach") as the invention under consideration is regarded as novelty-destroying prior art with the explicit exceptions that the inventor or applicant (at the time of filing) are identical. Therefore, parent and divisional applications are excluded from the prior art effect of earlier filed and later published applications (Report of the Tegernsee experts group, paragraphs 39 – 48)
3) Germany:
The provision of § 3 (2) German Patent Act (PatG) is worded as Art. 54(3) EPC, thus leaving it open whether or not parent/divisional applications can form novelty-destroying prior art. There are to date no FCJ decisions in which divisional applications have been cited as prior art for parent applications/patents or vice versa. According to § 39 German Patent Act (PatG) the division of a pending patent application into a parent application and a divisional application (the latter pending at the same stage of the procedure as the parent application) is regarded primarily as a procedural act dividing one application procedure into two separate procedures ("Schulte", PatG, 9th edition, § 39, No. 10 – 13). § 39 (3) German Patent Act also speaks of a "declaration of division", indicating the focus on the procedural aspect of a divisional application.
This focus on the procedural aspect gives rise to the following considerations: As in all jurisdictions, in German (as in European) patent law a specific example or embodiment in the description of a patent application cannot be cited as prior art for a generalized claim (generic-OR-claim) in the very same application, even if the specific example can validly claim an earlier priority date and the generalized claim cannot. If the filing of a divisional application is mainly a procedural act dividing one application procedure into two separate procedures, the declaration of division should not change the prior art status of the content of the original (combined) patent application. It would be a surprising result at least that new prior art should be created retroactively by the act of dividing one application procedure into two procedures. Based on these considerations, parent and divisional applications should not be regarded as prior art with respect to each other under German Patent Act.
In summary, parent and divisional applications should not be regarded as prior art under Art. 54(3) EPC to each other, independent from the practice of entitlement to partial priorities.
Applying Art. 54(3) EPC to parent and divisional applications of the patent application under consideration is not consistent with the purpose of Art. 4 G of the Paris Convention and Art. 76(1) EPC giving the applicant the right to divisional applications. If this right carries the risk that the parent application is invalidated by the divisional application or vice versa, the provisions are not appropriate and sufficient to provide the applicant this right.
Applying Art. 54(3) EPC to parent and divisional applications is also not consistent with the purpose of Art. 54(3), i.e. to avoid double patenting in the sense that only the first inventor to disclose an invention has the right to the patent.
As the intensive discussion about "poisonous" or "toxic" divisionals has shown, the application of Art. 54(3) EPC to parent and divisional applications exposes applicants and patentees under the EPC to a considerable invalidity risk. Conversely, no purpose or positive effect thereof can be recognized. Question 5 of the referral should therefore be answered in the negative.
Alexander Esslinger
Enclosure: Report of the Tegernsee experts group: Treatment of conflicting applications; September 24, 2012
This entry was posted in European Patent Convention, Uncategorized and tagged amicus curiae brief, Enlarged Board of Appeal, G1/15, poisonous divisional, priorities, toxic divisional by Alexander Esslinger. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: How to get trending videos youtube API PHP? I try using the chart parameter to get trending videos, but it says that chart is not a valid parameter. I am using PHP. I have the region and category and everything set fine. Is this a bug? How do I do it?
here is the code I have
  $searchResponse = $youtube->search->listSearch('id,snippet', array(
        //'type' => 'video',
        'part' => 'snippet',
          'location' => 'GB',
          'videoCategoryId' => '23',
         'chart' => 'mostPopular',
        'order' => 'date',
        'maxResults' => '50'
    ));

says: An client error occurred: (list) unknown parameter: 'chart'

A: You are looking for Videos list endpoint not Search list endpoint, you can get the most popular videos for your regionCode & videoCategoryId with :
$videosResponse = $youtube->videos->listVideos('snippet', array(
    'chart' => 'mostPopular',
    'maxResults' => 50,
    'regionCode' => 'GB',
    'videoCategoryId' => '23'
));


text:
Q: Crontab will not run? My cron tab is set up like this:
 * * * * * /usr/bin/python /root/amazon/hello.py

hello.py is
      #!/usr/bin/python
      print "yo"

I am trying to just run the script and get it working to print to the console yo every minute?  What am I doing wrong I included the header to where python is on my server?

A: The cron program redirects the standard output and so you don't see the program's output. But it sends the output as mail to the system. Try running the mail program to verify.
If you want to write the output to a specific file, use:
* * * * * /usr/bin/python /root/amazon/hello.py > /home/user/test.txt

If you want to cheat try using the tty command to find the terminal file and use this file to redirect your output
$ tty
/dev/pts/0

and then:
* * * * * /usr/bin/python /root/amazon/hello.py > /dev/pts/0

but this will only work as long you are connected to this terminal.


text:
Das Erdbeben von Tangshan () am 28. Juli 1976 in der Provinz Hebei war mit Schätzungen von bis zu 650.000 Todesopfern das verheerendste Erdbeben des 20. Jahrhunderts und das zweitverheerendste Erdbeben der Menschheitsgeschichte (nach dem Erdbeben in Shaanxi 1556).

Nach den offiziellen Angaben Chinas kamen bei dem Beben der Magnitude MS = 7,8 insgesamt 242.419 Menschen ums Leben.

Um 3:42 Uhr Ortszeit wurde die Stadt Tangshan von dem Beben, das sein Epizentrum 20 km südwestlich von Tangshan hatte und dessen Herd 22 Kilometer unter der Oberfläche lag, erschüttert und fast vollständig zerstört. Das Beben führte auch in Tianjin und Peking, das 140 Kilometer entfernt liegt, zu Schäden. 5,3 Millionen Häuser wurden unbewohnbar. Es gab mehrere Nachbeben, die weitere Tote forderten, das stärkste davon mit einer Stärke von 7,1.

An das Erdbeben erinnert heute eine Stele auf dem Hauptplatz im Zentrum der Stadt, sowie ein Erdbebeninformationszentrum, das sich mit Erdbeben befasst. Ein weiteres Museum befindet sich in Lanzhou, das sich dem Erdbeben von Haiyuan 1920 widmet.
Die dazugehörige seismische Zone ist die Tancheng-Lujiang-Störungszone  (kurz: Tan-Lu-Störung ), die in ihrem Nordabschnitt das Beben 1976 verursachte.

Das Erdbeben war nach dem Erdbeben in Shaanxi 1556 und dem Erdbeben von Haiyuan 1920 das Beben mit den meisten Todesopfern in China.

Das Beben wurde filmisch in dem Katastrophenfilm Aftershock aus dem Jahr 2010 verarbeitet.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Erdbeben in China
 Liste von Erd- und Seebeben

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 M 7.5 - Tianjin-Hebei border region, China. United States Geological Survey
 General Views of Damage in Meizoseismal Area. (PDF; 2,8 MB) Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports
 Feng Jianhua:  Artikel in der Beijing Rundschau 30/2006
 Li Ying:  Artikel vom 29. August 2003 bei china-intern.de
 Propagandaplakat Der Mensch kann die Natur besiegen. Teil der Online-Ausstellung Picturing Power: Art and Propaganda in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution – Institut für Sinologie der Universität Heidelberg
 Zhu Chuanzhen: Seismic Activity in Tangshan and Its Surrounding Areas. (PDF; 3,62 MB) auf caltech.edu
  In: air-worldwide.com

Tangshan 1976
Hebei
Naturkatastrophe 1976


Par-cook the potatoes for 3 minutes in a large pot of boiling water. Strain and set aside until cool enough to handle.
Meanwhile, preheat your grill for medium high heat.
When cool enough to safely handle, slice the potatoes in half. Place them in a large bowl and splash with ¼ cup olive oil and a pinch of salt. Toss to coat.
With tongs, carefully arrange the potatoes over the grill, cut side down. Grill 4 to 5 minutes for great grill mark, flip and finish off another 3 minutes until potatoes are tender.
Remove from grill and place in a large, clean bowl.
Whisk the Dijon mustard, red wine vinegar, and maple syrup with the remaining ½ cup olive oil. Toss the Dijon vinaigrette over the potatoes with the green pepper, red onion, and parsley. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Lastly, fold in the cooked bacon, sprinkling a hefty portion on top to lure in anyone eyeing up this new twist on potato salad.


text:
Ferdinand Reisinger CanReg (* 24. Juli 1946 in Mauthausen) ist ein österreichischer römisch-katholischer Priester und Theologe.

Leben
Nach der Matura 1964 am Kollegium Aloisianum trat er in das Stift Sankt Florian am 27. August 1964 ein und legte die feierliche Profess am 28. August 1968 ab. Er studierte an der Universität Salzburg Philosophie, Theologie, Geschichte und Politikwissenschaft. Nach der Priesterweihe am 9. Juli 1970 promovierte er 1976 Sub auspiciis und erhielt 1977 die Talentförderungsprämie für Wissenschaft des Landes Oberösterreich. Es folgten viele weitere Auszeichnungen, wie 2004 die Kulturmedaille des Landes Oberösterreich, 2006 der Landeskulturpreis für Geisteswissenschaften sowie 2013 das Goldene Ehrenzeichen des Landes Oberösterreich und am 22. Juli 2016 das Ehrenkreuz für Wissenschaft und Kunst der Republik Österreich überreichte. Anlässlich seines 50-jährigen Priesterjubiläums im Jahr 2020 wurde er von Oberösterreichischen Landesfeuerwehrverband für seine Tätigkeit als Landesfeuerwehrkurat mit der höchsten Auszeichnung der Großen Florian-Ehrenmedaille in Silber geehrt.

Ab 1978 lehrte er Gesellschaftslehre und philosophische Gegenwartsfragen an der KU Linz und unterrichtete zusätzlich an der Pädagogischen Akademie und der Religionspädagogischen Akademie der Diözese Linz. 1983 wurde er als ao. Professor für Gesellschaftslehre und Pastoralsoziologie an die Katholisch-Theologische Privatuniversität Linz berufen und 1994 zum ordentlichen Professor ernannt.

Von 1986 bis 2004 und von 2005 bis 2011 war er Stiftsdechant von St. Florian. Seit der Emeritierung 2011 ist er Pfarrer in Hargelsberg. Bis 2020 war er außerdem Landesfeuerwehrkurat und seit 2013 Dechant des Dekanates Enns-Lorch.

Er ist Mitglied der Klasse 8 (Weltreligionen) der Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte sind Kirche und Politik, Kirche und Wirtschaft, theologische Ökonomiekritik, Ordenssoziologie und Kunst (und ihr Konnex zu Theologie bzw. Politik).

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Der Tod im marxistischen Denken heute. Schaff, Kolakowski, Machovec, Prucha (= Gesellschaft und Theologie. Abteilung Systematische Beiträge. Band 23). Kaiser, München 1977, ISBN 3459011181 (zugleich Dissertation, Salzburg 1976).
 als Herausgeber mit Ernst Feil: Menschsein in der Gesellschaft. Christliche Fundamente und Perspektiven (= Linzer philosophisch-theologische Reihe. Band 17). OLV-Buchverlag, Linz 1983, ISBN 385214390X.
 als Herausgeber mit Günter Rombold: Marxismus und Christentum (= Linzer philosophisch-theologische Reihe. Band 18). OLV-Buchverlag, Linz 1983, ISBN 3852143896.
 Mutig gegen den Strom der Zeit. Politische Heilige. Veritas-Verlag, Linz/Wien 1983, ISBN 3-85329-388-3.
 als Herausgeber mit Gertraud Putz, Herbert Dachs und Franz Horner: Politik und christliche Verantwortung. Festschrift für Franz-Martin Schmölz (= Veröffentlichungen des Internationalen Forschungszentrums für Grundfragen der Wissenschaften. N.F.. Band 18). OLV-Buchverlag, Linz 1983, ISBN 3-7022-1849-1.
 Hans Fronius und Oberösterreich. Eine Ausstellung und eine Aufarbeitung zum 10. Todestag des Künstlers. Vom April bis Oktober 1998, Augustiner Chorherrenstift St. Florian. Bibliothek der Provinz, Sankt Florian 1998, ISBN 3852522625.
 Hans Fronius: Stationen am Weg. Der Kreuzweg in Thörl. Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2001, ISBN 3-85252-393-1.
 Hans Fronius: Theaterzeichnungen. Anlässlich der Ausstellungen Hans Fronius: Theaterzeichnungen in der Landesgalerie am Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseum und im Stift St. Florian vom 6. November 2003 bis 6. Jänner 2004 (= Kataloge der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen. N.S.. Band 5). Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra 2003, ISBN 3-85474-110-3.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Ferdinand Reisinger CanReg
 Ferdinand Reisinger erhielt Österreichisches Ehrenkreuz für Wissenschaft und Kunst

Augustiner-Chorherr
Träger des Goldenen Ehrenzeichens des Landes Oberösterreich
Träger des österreichischen Ehrenkreuzes für Wissenschaft und Kunst
Mitglied der Europäischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (21. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Theologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Theologe (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Katholische Privat-Universität Linz)
Feuerwehrfunktionär
Österreicher
Geboren 1946
Mann


text:
/*
 * ftphere
 * Start a ftp server monitor the current directory.
 * It could be used to transport files conveniently.
 */

#ifndef FTPSERVER_HPP
#define FTPSERVER_HPP

#include <iostream>
#include <exception>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>

#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>

#include "logger.hpp"
#include "cmd.hpp"
#include "util.hpp"

namespace ftp {

using namespace boost::asio;
using namespace boost::filesystem;
using boost::asio::ip::tcp;
using std::string;
using std::exception;
using boost::system::error_code;

typedef unsigned short ushort;

class FTPServer {
    public:

        FTPServer(ushort ctl_port = 21, ushort data_port = 20): port_(ctl_port), data_port_(data_port) {}

        ~FTPServer() {
            if (acceptor_.is_open())
                acceptor_.close();
            if (!ios_.stopped())
                ios_.stop();
        }

        void Run() {
            logger_.Log("The server starting.", Logger::INFO);
            tcp::endpoint data_ep(tcp::v4(), data_port_);
            tcp::socket data_socket(ios_, data_ep);

            /* init the acceptor */
            try {
                acceptor_.open(tcp::v4());
                acceptor_.bind(local_ep_);
                acceptor_.listen();
            } catch (exception& e) {
                Error(e.what());
                exit(1);
            }

            logger_.Log("The server started.", Logger::INFO);
            while (true) {
                Reset();
                try {
                    tcp::socket remote_socket(ios_);

                    acceptor_.accept(remote_socket);
                    HandleClient(remote_socket, data_socket);
                    remote_socket.close();
                    data_socket.close();
                } catch (exception& e) {
                    char buff[128];
                    sprintf(buff, "%s: line %d: %s", __FILE__, __LINE__, e.what());
                    Error(buff);
                }
            }
            logger_.Log("The server ended.", Logger::INFO);
        }

    private:
        void Reset() {
            current_dir_ = "/";
        }

        void HandleClient(tcp::socket& ctl_socket, tcp::socket& data_socket) {
            string address = ctl_socket.remote_endpoint().address().to_string();
            LogClientAction(address + " sign in.");

            error_code ec;
            bool stat = true;

            /* say hello */
            Greet(ctl_socket);

            /* read, resolve, response loop */
            while (stat && ctl_socket.is_open() && !ec) {
                string line = ReadLine(ctl_socket, ec);

                auto cmd_args = Split(line, ' ');
                LogClientAction(address + " " + line);
                stat = Dispatch(ctl_socket, data_socket, cmd_args);
            }
            LogClientAction(address + " sign out.");
        }

        void Greet(tcp::socket& socket) {
            socket.write_some(buffer("220 Hello\r\n"));
        }

        bool Dispatch(tcp::socket& ctl_socket, tcp::socket& data_socket, std::vector<std::string>& cmd_args) {
            CMD cmd_code = ResolveCMD(cmd_args[0]);
            boost::system::error_code ec;
            string res;
            switch (cmd_code) {
                /* normal cmd */
                case CWD: {
                    current_dir_ = cmd_args[1];
                    res = "250 Directory successfully changed.\r\n";
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                          }
                case HELP: {
                    res = "214 The following commands are recognized.";
                    res += "ABOR ABOR CWD HELP LIST MKD\r\n";
                    res += "MODE NLST NOOP PASS PASV PORT PWD QUIT RETR\r\n";
                    res += "SITE SIZE SMNT STAT STOR STRU SYST TYPE USER\r\n";
                    res += "214 Help okay\r\n";
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case LIST: {
                    if (data_socket.is_open()) {
                        res = "150 Here comes the directory listing.\r\n";
                        path file_path = root_dir_;
                        file_path /= cmd_args[1];
                        ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                        std::for_each(directory_iterator(file_path),
                                      directory_iterator(),
                                      [&](auto& entry) {
                                        data_socket.write_some(buffer(make_file_info(entry) + "\r\n"), ec);
                                      });
                        res = "226 Directory send OK.\r\n";
                    } else {
                        res = "425 Use PORT or PASV first.\r\n";
                    }
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case NOOP: {
                    res = "200 NOOP okay.\r\n";
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case PASS: {
                    res = "230 User logged in successfully.\r\n";
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case USER: {
                    res = "331 Please specify the password.\r\n";
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case PWD: {
                    res += "257 ";
                    res += current_dir_.string();
                    res += "\r\n";
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                          }
                case RETR: {
                    char buff[1024];
                    path file_path = root_dir_;
                    file_path /= cmd_args[1];

                    // exists or not?
                    if (exists(file_path)) {
                        res = "150 Opening BINARY mode data conenction for file.\r\n";
                        ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                        FILE* file = fopen(file_path.c_str(), "r");
                        size_t len;
                        size_t transfer_cnt(0);

                        while (!feof(file)) {
                            len = fread(buff, 1, 1024, file);
                            transfer_cnt += len;
                            write(data_socket, buffer(buff, len), ec);
                        }
                        fclose(file);
                        if (data_socket.is_open())
                            data_socket.close();
                        res = "226 Transfer complete";
                        res += string("(") + std::to_string(transfer_cnt) + "bytes transfered).\r\n";
                    } else {
                        res = "550 File not exists.\r\n";
                    }
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case SYST:
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer("215 UNIX Type.\r\n"), ec);
                    break;
                case TYPE: {
                    if (cmd_args[1] == "I") {
                        res = "200 Switching to binary mode.\r\n";
                    } else {
                        res = "504 Command not implemented for the parameter.\r\n";
                    }
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case PORT: {
                    auto args = Split(cmd_args[1], ',');
                    string address;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                        address += args[i] + ".";
                    address.pop_back();
                    int port = stoi(args[4]) * 256 + stoi(args[5]);
                    tcp::endpoint ep(ip::address::from_string(address), port);
                    data_socket.connect(ep, ec);

                    if (ec) {
                        res = "425 Can't open data connection.\r\n";
                    } else {
                        res = "200 PORT command successful.\r\n";
                    }
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                case QUIT: {
                    res = "221 Goodbye.\r\n";
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer(res), ec);
                    return false;
                           }

                /* unsupported cmd */
                case STRU:
                case MODE:
                case PASV:
                case NLST:
                case DELE:
                case MKD:
                case RMD:
                case STOR: {
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer("502 Command not implemented.\r\n"), ec);
                    break;
                           }
                /* illegal cmd */
                default:
                    ctl_socket.write_some(buffer("500 Syntax error, command unrecognized.\r\n"), ec);
            }
            if (ec) return false;
            return true;
        }

        void LogClientAction(const string& msg) {
            logger_.Log(msg, Logger::INFO);
        }

        void Error(const string& msg) {
            logger_.Log(msg, Logger::ERROR);
        }

        /* members */
        /* logger and path */
        const char* log_path_ = "./ftpd.log";
        Logger logger_{ log_path_ };
        const path root_dir_ = current_path();
        path current_dir_;

        /* connection parameters */
        const unsigned short port_;
        const unsigned short data_port_;
        tcp::endpoint local_ep_{ tcp::v4(), port_ };
        io_service ios_{ };
        tcp::acceptor acceptor_{ ios_ };
};
} //end of namespace ftp
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Drop of Water on a leaf photographed in the Gondwana Link © Ami Vitale
Mark Tercek
From Davos: Water Is a Valuable Asset – Let's Treat It Like One
By Mark Tercek, Former Chief Executive Officer | January 20, 2016
Mark Tercek Former Chief Executive Officer
Many communities around the world are running out of water.
When demand outpaces supply, communities often turn to difficult and costly solutions, such as building reservoirs, importing water or constructing desalination plants.
But this week at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, I'm pushing global leaders to consider a different solution—one that could significantly accelerate progress on addressing the root cause of water scarcity around the world.
Let's tap economic forces—the power of the market—to be smarter about how we use the water we already have.
By viewing water as a tradable asset, we can create water markets that encourage water users—such as cities, farms and companies—to be more efficient. The water saved can then be allocated for other uses.
With half the world's cities and three-fourths of irrigated farms experiencing regular water shortages, it's critical that we capitalize on the value created from conserving water.
My organization, the Nature Conservancy, is harnessing private capital through impact investing to do just that.
Impact investing—which allows investors to align their portfolios with their values by investing in initiatives that generate financial, societal and environmental outcomes—is emerging as a fresh source of funding for conservation projects.
With our impact investing unit, NatureVest, our global water experts and Australia team have created the world's first water sharing investment partnership in Australia's Murray-Darling Basin. Through that program, we're working to raise $69 million of investor capital to help balance water use in the basin so there's enough for farmers, communities and nature.
Murray River TNC acquired land along the Murray River in Australia © Mark Schapper
Here's how it works: A water sharing investment partnership acquires a portfolio of water rights and then collaborates with farmers, who buy and sell water allowances through a water rights trading system.
Through the program, scientists help farmers execute water-saving strategies, and farmers who conserve water can sell their remaining rights back to the program. The program, in partnership with local conservation organizations, then uses some of that saved water to restore degraded freshwater ecosystems. It leases back the remainder to water users, ensuring Murray-Darling farmers get the water they need while at the same time generating financial returns for investors.
In the Murray-Darling Basin, we—along with local nonprofit Murray Darling Wetlands Working Group—plan to use water saved through the water sharing investment partnership to restore more than 40,000 acres of wetlands during the next decade.
Not only will this wetland restoration benefit farmers and wildlife—such as frogs, fish, turtles and waterfowl—but it also will help preserve Aboriginal cultural and spiritual sites, many of which are located in the wetland areas.
This impact investment-driven solution to water shortages uses market-based strategies to encourage and reward smart water use. It generates environmental, financial and social benefits at a greater scale than philanthropy-funded efforts can while also supporting farmers and communities who rely on freshwater.
Graham Ginn TNC's Flint River Basin Program Director helps to install an irrigation system. © Mark Godfrey
Impact investing can help conservation organizations scale up solutions to a variety of other problems, as well. For instance, NatureVest leverages private capital to accelerate sustainable grazing practices in Africa, prevent urban stormwater runoff in the U.S. and help island nations restructure debt in ways that help them adapt to climate change.
Embracing innovative solutions like these—and finding new sources of funding, such as impact capital—will be critical as global leaders leave Davos, ready to meet the world's challenges head on.
Mark Tercek is the Former Chief Executive Officer of The Nature Conservancy, the global conservation organization known for its intense focus on collaboration and getting things done for the benefit of people and nature. He is the author of the Washington Post and Publisher's Weekly bestselling book Nature's Fortune: How Business and Society Thrive by Investing in Nature.
More About Mark Tercek


"What I mean to say is that I think this belongs to Vader, and that Vader was able to follow us to Fial, then Galidraan, by tracking his property."
Darth Vader's meditation chamber was a life support pod that allowed the Sith Lord to survive for extended periods without the helmet and mask of his suit. The injuries Vader sustained during his duel against Obi-Wan Kenobi on Mustafar normally made this impossible.
Some three meters in diameter, the meditation chamber was flattened on the bottom, designed to nestle in a hexagonal dais. It had neither a proper hatch nor a control panel; and had two longitudinal seams which indicated that the device was capable of parting in two hemispheres.
Vader communicates with the bridge of Executor from his meditation chamber.
Approximately five years after the Proclamation of the New Order, Darth Vader was in possession of a mobile meditation chamber which he ordered to be transferred from a Victory-class Star Destroyer to Moff Wilhuff Tarkin's Carrion Spike for their mission to Murkhana. During the transferral, Vader selected a dozen stormtroopers to accompany him and had them load the chamber onto Tarkin's corvette; during the maneuver, the sphere collided briefly with the edge of the ship's cargo hold hatch, for which Vader grew angry at Sergeant Crest, the one controlling the repulsorlift crane.
When the Carrion Spike was stolen by Berch Teller's rebel cell on Murkhana, Vader used the meditation chamber as a homing beacon of sorts, allowing him to track and pinpoint the rebels' exact location despite the corvette's stealth system. Thanks to it, the Sith Lord and Tarkin pursued the ship from Murkhana to the Fial and Galidraan systems. During the Imperial attack on Galidraan Station, Teller and Artoz decided to jettison the device just as they made their escape to Lucazec.
Vader would acquire a new meditation chamber, which he kept on his flagship, the Executor-class Star Dreadnought Executor. In the prelude to the Battle of Hoth, Vader was using the chamber when General Maximillian Veers informed him that Admiral Kendal Ozzel had emerged from lightspeed too close to Hoth, alerting the Alliance's Echo Base, for which Vader Force choked Ozzel to death for his incompetence, and then appointed Captain Firmus Piett as the new Admiral on the spot, while sitting on the open chamber.
Later on, Piett entered before Vader had finished putting on his mask, and informed him that the Millennium Falcon had entered a asteroid field. Vader then ordered the entirety of Death Squadron to begin sweeping the field so as to find Han Solo's freighter.
Vader's meditation chamber scenes for The Empire Strikes Back were filmed at Elstree Studios outside of London. An unused take from Empire was going to be used for a scene early on in Return of the Jedi, where Vader telepathically attempts to communicate with Luke Skywalker, though this sequence was cut from the film prior to release. It lasted long enough in the cut to be fully scored by John Williams.